PMID- 1223399 TI - [Basis for the selection of a surgical treatment method in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1223400 TI - [Coccygodynia in out-patient practice]. PMID- 1223401 TI - [Use of propolis in the treatment of perineal and anal wounds]. PMID- 1223402 TI - [Internal fixation of cervical vertebrae with wire loops]. PMID- 1223403 TI - [Method of osteosynthesis with Sivash screw-pin in femoral neck fracture]. PMID- 1223404 TI - [Remote results of treatment of osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 1223405 TI - [Acupuncture in a surgical clinic]. PMID- 1223406 TI - [Discussional comments apropos of Prof. A. A. Rusanov's article entitled "Basic principles of surgical treatment of esophageal neoplasms"]. PMID- 1223407 TI - [Diagnosis of postoperative myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1223408 TI - [Syphilis in surgical practice]. PMID- 1223409 TI - [Chancre-paronychia in a patient with secondary early syphilis]. PMID- 1223410 TI - [Reconstruction of pelvic ring in neglected ruptures of the pubic symphysis]. PMID- 1223411 TI - [Complications and errors in permanent electrocardiac stimulation]. PMID- 1223412 TI - [Radical and palliative surgical correction of interventricular septal defect in children at an early age]. PMID- 1223413 TI - [Our experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of coelomic pericardial cysts]. PMID- 1223414 TI - [Study of metabolism in reconstructive operations for dumping syndrome]. PMID- 1223415 TI - [Perforation of stomach cancer]. PMID- 1223416 TI - [Menetrier's disease]. PMID- 1223417 TI - [Calculous forms of Mirizzi's syndrome]. PMID- 1223418 TI - [Our experience with the operative treatment of 326 jaundice patients]. PMID- 1223419 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the treatment of anaerobic infections]. PMID- 1223420 TI - [Electroencephalographic comparison of physiological and anesthetic sleep]. PMID- 1223421 TI - [Study of the absorption, distribution and elimination of some intravenous anesthetics by labelling them with 113m In]. PMID- 1223422 TI - [Our experience with halothane-air anesthesia in childhood]. PMID- 1223423 TI - [Anesthesia and resuscitation in 30 open kidney biopsies]. PMID- 1223424 TI - [Use of diuretics in pulmonary edema in children with peritonitis of appendicular origin]. PMID- 1223425 TI - [Primary acute orchitis syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 1223426 TI - [Surgical treatment of postoperative incontinence in men, with the contribution of 2 cases]. PMID- 1223427 TI - [Operative treatment of epithelial inclusions in the sacrococcygeal region]. PMID- 1223428 TI - [Case of successfully performed long-term mechanical ventilation of the lungs in the newborn surgical patient]. PMID- 1223429 TI - [Case of a successfully treated pyogenic abscess of the liver involving the left lobe and a great part of the stomach]. PMID- 1223430 TI - [Congenital and acquired gallbladder septa, with the contribution of 1 case]. PMID- 1223431 TI - [New method for treating bronchial fistulae after lung resections: sealing with the cyanoacrylate, Sinilit B, via the endobronchial route]. PMID- 1223432 TI - [Intensive treatment of hypovolemic shock]. PMID- 1223433 TI - [Evolution of the views and criteria for treatment selection in pancreatic pseudocysts]. PMID- 1223434 TI - [Surgical problems in using temporary and permanent electro-stimulation of the heart]. PMID- 1223435 TI - [Comparative studies of the functional state of the liver by the 131-I rose bengal method after the administration of various of the most frequently used anesthetics]. PMID- 1223436 TI - [Thromboembolic complications in the postoperative period]. PMID- 1223437 TI - [Late results of splenectomy in traumatic rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 1223438 TI - [Studies of the frequency of the nonobliterated peritoneal process based on cadaveric data]. PMID- 1223439 TI - [Postoperative evisceration in early childhood]. PMID- 1223440 TI - [Some aspects of acute peritonitis (based on data from Pavlikeni District Hospital]. PMID- 1223441 TI - [Carcinoma in the region of the cervical portion of the esophagus, which has infiltrated the thyroid gland, successfully operated on by coloesophagoplasty in 1 step]. PMID- 1223442 TI - [Rare case of artificial rupture of the esophagus]. PMID- 1223443 TI - [Splenomegaly with large and multiple infarcts of unknown etiology]. PMID- 1223444 TI - [Rare case of hepatic hamartoma in a 1-year-old child]. PMID- 1223445 TI - [Method for the radical surgical removal of low-lying duodenal ulcers near the papilla Vateri]. PMID- 1223446 TI - [Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in infancy and early childhood]. PMID- 1223447 TI - [A surgical-hypotensive test for prognosing the postoperative result in patients with mitral stenosis and pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1223448 TI - [Surgical tactics in duodenal stump insufficiency following gastric resection]. PMID- 1223449 TI - [Indications and site for splanchnicectomy in pancreatic surgery]. PMID- 1223450 TI - [Gastric juice pH and blood acid-base equilibrium in ileus]. PMID- 1223451 TI - [Late results of surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in early childhood without plasty of the inguinal canal but with only ligature of the hernial sac]. PMID- 1223452 TI - [Comparative ambulatory-polyclinical observations concerning the diagnosis of carcinoma with different localizations]. PMID- 1223453 TI - [Spinal shock and micturation]. PMID- 1223454 TI - [Hypertension and anesthesia]. PMID- 1223455 TI - [Intravenous dosage of procaine]. PMID- 1223456 TI - [Complications related to cannulation of veins and prolonged indwelling polyethylene cannulas]. PMID- 1223457 TI - [Treatment of peripheral arterial aneurysms]. PMID- 1223458 TI - [Radical surgery for a patient with acute phlegmonous inflammation in the region of the terminal ileum and cecum--Crohn's disease (observed 10 years following surgery)]. PMID- 1223459 TI - [A case of acute cholecystitis in a 14-year-old boy]. PMID- 1223460 TI - [A case of subcutaneous parietal emphysema following surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 1223461 TI - [A case of congenital non-obstructive dilatation of the renal calyces- megacalycosis (Puigvert's disease)]. PMID- 1223462 TI - [Osteitis of the pubic bones as a complication following urologic surgery]. PMID- 1223463 TI - [A surgical method for treatment of postoperative hernias and eventrations at the linea alba]. PMID- 1223464 TI - [Efficacy of the most frequently used surgical procedures in complicated pathology of the large intestine]. PMID- 1223465 TI - [Place and role of the ileal stoma in overcoming disorders of intestinal passage]. PMID- 1223466 TI - [Pyloroplasty with vagotomy in treating chronic peptic ulcer of the duodenum]. PMID- 1223467 TI - [Causes, nature and the overcoming of complaints remaining after surgery for gallstones]. PMID- 1223468 TI - [Fibrin-stabilizing properties of the peritoneum and the mechanism for the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions]. PMID- 1223469 TI - [Echinococcus of the diaphragm]. PMID- 1223470 TI - [Operative treatment of pediatric inguinal hernia in southern Bulgaria]. PMID- 1223471 TI - [Clinical observations of severe complications occurring after retrograde pyelography]. PMID- 1223472 TI - [Transfusion of cadaveric blood]. PMID- 1223473 TI - [Congenital anomaly of the lymphatic system with intra-osseous lymphangiectasis and chylous reflux]. PMID- 1223474 TI - [Use of permanent cardioelectrostimulation at the Center for Cardiovascular Diseases]. PMID- 1223475 TI - [Early postoperative electrokymographic changes in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 1223476 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary varices of the lower extremities with radical dissection of the subcutaneous varicose veins]. PMID- 1223477 TI - [Trifurcation of the trachea]. PMID- 1223478 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosing complicated aneurysm of the abdominal aorta appearing as acute abdomen]. PMID- 1223479 TI - [Case of necrotic enteritis (enteritis necroticans)]. PMID- 1223480 TI - [2 cases of spontaneous, repeated closed rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 1223481 TI - [Contribution to hemobilia with a personal observation]. PMID- 1223482 TI - [New method for the surgical treatment of generalized polyposis of the large intestine with malignant transformation in the rectum]. PMID- 1223483 TI - [Automatic syringe for intravascular infusions]. PMID- 1223484 TI - [Immediate and late results of a new type of jejunoplasty following gastrectomy]. PMID- 1223485 TI - [So-called benign postoperative cholestasis]. PMID- 1223486 TI - [Recurrent perforated gastroduodenal ulcers and their operative treatment]. PMID- 1223487 TI - [Action of streptase on the formation of postoperative peritoneal adhesions (experimental studies)]. PMID- 1223488 TI - [Nonepithelial malignant tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 1223489 TI - [Enterotomy and aspiration of the intestinal contents in the treatment of acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 1223490 TI - [Our experience in treating pilonidal cysts and fistulous ducts of the sacrococcygeal region]. PMID- 1223491 TI - [Chemical necretomy using a salicylic acid plaster in circumscribed deep burns in childhood]. PMID- 1223492 TI - [Ischemic complications of the extremities after sympathectomy]. PMID- 1223493 TI - [Elimination of anesthetic vapors and gases from operating rooms]. PMID- 1223494 TI - [Case of combined malignant disease of the rectum and breast]. PMID- 1223495 TI - [Case of lymphogranulomatosis of the stomach]. PMID- 1223496 TI - [Case of successful multistage subtotal colectomy in an adult for aganglionic dystonia]. PMID- 1223497 TI - [Case of acute small intestine obturation by a gallstone with acute diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 1223498 TI - [1 case of spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 1223499 TI - [Anal tonometer for 2-channel registration of the supraampullar sensitivity of healthy and ill persons]. PMID- 1223500 TI - [Epsilon-aminocaproic acid as an anti-allergic agents in surgical practice]. PMID- 1223501 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of peroral treatment of patients with chronic posthemorrhagic anemia with iron-containing preparations]. PMID- 1223502 TI - [Combined use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic preparations]. PMID- 1223503 TI - [Use of the mathematical method of controlling anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 1223504 TI - [Doubling of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1223505 TI - [Hypernephroid tumor associated with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1223506 TI - [Diagnosis of diverticulosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 1223507 TI - [Rare anomaly of the common bile duct]. PMID- 1223508 TI - [Immunologic reactivity in patients with nonspecific infectious-allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 1223509 TI - [Hemodynamic and biochemical shifts in ulcer disease complicated by pyloro duodenal stenosis]. PMID- 1223510 TI - [Remote results of treatment of peptic ulcer perforation]. PMID- 1223511 TI - [Enterochromaffin cells of duodenal mucosa and their role in gastric acid formation]. PMID- 1223512 TI - [Changes of the acid-forming function of the stomach in patients with iron deficiency anemia and their significance in iron assimilation]. PMID- 1223513 TI - [Evaluation of long-term conservative treatment of ulcer disease]. PMID- 1223514 TI - [Vascular factor in the etiology of acute pancreatitis in middle-aged and old persons]. PMID- 1223515 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1223516 TI - [Age-specific characteristics of the exocrine function of the pancreas during stimulation with secretin and pancreozymin]. PMID- 1223517 TI - [Importance of angiography of the pancreas in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1223518 TI - [Cause of death of patients with cholelithiasis not subjected to surgery]. PMID- 1223519 TI - [Radioisotope cholecystometry in the diagnosis of diseases of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1223520 TI - [Dynamics of physico-chemical properties of bile during treatment of patients after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 1223521 TI - [Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome]. PMID- 1223522 TI - [Detection of tumors of the large intestine by means of colonoscopy]. PMID- 1223523 TI - [Pathogenesis of bleeding in Chernogubov-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 1223524 TI - [Reaction of peripheral blood leukocyte migration inhibition in the presence of DNA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1223525 TI - [Successful treatment of bronchial asthma with an allergen from a dermatophagoid tick]. PMID- 1223526 TI - [Isolated closed injuries of the diaphragm with eventration of the abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity]. PMID- 1223527 TI - [Case of fibrinous bronchitis]. PMID- 1223528 TI - [Case of primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1223529 TI - [Anaphylactic reactions in patients with tuberculosis after administration of lidase]. PMID- 1223530 TI - [Case of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis of the rib complicated by subpleural abscess]. PMID- 1223531 TI - [Principles and certain details of classification of chronic nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases (chronic pneumonia)]. PMID- 1223532 TI - [Reactivity or microorganism? (On the discussion concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pneumonia)]. PMID- 1223533 TI - [Pneumonia and renal complications in influenza in January of 1975]. PMID- 1223534 TI - [Acute pneumonia in inflammatory diseases of the nasal accessory sinuses]. PMID- 1223535 TI - [Pathogenetic treatment of chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1223536 TI - [Outcomes of staphylococcal destruction of the lungs in adults]. PMID- 1223537 TI - [Repeated sanatorium-climatic treatment in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1223538 TI - [Change in malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum in patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1223539 TI - [Relationship between oxidative processes and external respiration in patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1223540 TI - [Function of external respiration in patients with lung abscesses before and after conservative treatment]. PMID- 1223541 TI - [Certain problems of present-day resuscitation]. PMID- 1223542 TI - [Clinical characteristics of latent ornithosis infection]. PMID- 1223543 TI - [Primary cancer and tuberculosis of the lungs]. PMID- 1223544 TI - [Method of study of the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1223545 TI - [Role of therapeutic pneumothorax in modern phthisiatry]. PMID- 1223546 TI - [Gastric resection in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1223547 TI - [Characteristics of tuberculosis in men and women]. PMID- 1223548 TI - [Effect of physical exertion, practolol and propranolol on the motor function of the bronchi in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1223549 TI - [Scanning of the lungs in spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 1223550 TI - [Time constant of forced expiratory flow rates]. PMID- 1223551 TI - Transport mechanism of methyl mercury. Intestinal absorption, biliary excretion and distribution of methyl mercury. PMID- 1223552 TI - Skin disorders caused by herbicides sodium chlorate and sodium 2,2 dichloropropionate. PMID- 1223553 TI - Experimental study on contact dermatitis due to herbicides sodium chlorate and sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate. PMID- 1223554 TI - Effects of intracardiac pressure changes on efferent discharges of the cardiac sympathetic nerve in the cat. PMID- 1223555 TI - Huge "bizarre leiomyoblastoma" of the stomach. Report of two cases. PMID- 1223556 TI - [Antibodies. Structure and biosynthesis]. PMID- 1223557 TI - [Human immunoglobulin allotypes]. PMID- 1223558 TI - [Concepts of viral immunology and serology]. PMID- 1223559 TI - [Immunoglobulins: structure and biologic activity]. PMID- 1223560 TI - [Studies on the carcinogenesis of sodium nitrite and/or ethambutol in BALB/c/Cb/Sc mice]. PMID- 1223561 TI - [Adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis]. PMID- 1223562 TI - [The frequency of the e-antigen in acute and chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Five groups of patients were studied: (a) 88 HBsAg-positive cases of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) who completely cured within 90 days; (b) 75 cases of acute HBsAg negative hepatitis with early resolution; (c) 15 AVH patients who became chronic; (d) 94 HBsAg-positive cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis; (e) HBsAg-negative cases with CH. The e-antigen was investigated in every patient and was found in 9 of the AVH cases with favorable evolution, and in 8 of the AVH patients evolving to chronicity. Amont the CH and cirrhosis group, 48 of the HBsAg carriers were positive while e-antigen could not be detected in any of the HBsAg-negative ones. The high incidence of e-antigen carriers among patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as well as among those with AVH who later entered the chronic stage of the disease, deserves especial consideration. A possible role of e-antigen in the evolution to chronicity and a prognostic significance is suggested. PMID- 1223563 TI - [Immune phenomena in chronic gastritis, coincidental or pathogenetic? (author's transl)]. AB - The role of autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis, be it with or without pernicious anemia, is described on the basis of literature data. Various findings in cases of atrophic gastritis favor such a role, e.g. histological findings, the high incidence of autoantibodies against gastric mucosa, a high specificity of gastric antigens in cellular immune reactions, the concomitant occurrence of other auto-immune diseases, the favorable effect of immunosuppressive therapy. On an experimental basis transfer of autoimmune gastritis by lymphocytes from the ductus thoracicus lymph of sick animals to non immunized animals does support this hypothesis. PMID- 1223564 TI - [Immunopathology of ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis (author's transl)]. AB - There is no convincing evidence as yet for a key role of immunological processes in the pathogenesis of unspecific colitis. However clinical findings as well as immunological data do support the hypothesis that immune reactions are involved primarily or secondarily in the pathogenesis and the clinical course of ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis. In such patients a specific adaptation of humoral and cell-bound immune reactions against antigenic material from the colon and other tissues has been found in peripheral blood, lymphatic tissue and bowel wall. In this context it seems to be especially noteworthy, that lymphocytes taken from patients with colitis lead to disintegration of colon epithelial cells in vitro. This cytotoxic effect of the lymphocytes is lost after colectomy or remission of the disease. Ulcerative and granulomatous colitis do have many clinical and immunological peculiarities in common. This makes one think, that possibly the same noxious factors induce differential local reactions because of different hereditary disposition. PMID- 1223565 TI - [Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic analysis of urine in patients and healthy subjects coming from areas of endemic nephropathy]. PMID- 1223566 TI - [Anemia in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1223567 TI - [Active immunotherapy in patients with malignant melanoma (preliminary report)]. PMID- 1223568 TI - [Sympathectomy in the treatment of obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs due to arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1223569 TI - [Coma hypoglycaemicum postalcoholicum]. PMID- 1223570 TI - [Report on a case of intermittent porphyria. Porphyria mixta (variegata) with encephalopathy]. PMID- 1223571 TI - [99m Tc-polyphosphate in the diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 1223572 TI - [Long-term results in the treatment of zoster by rimaktan]. PMID- 1223573 TI - [Interpretation of the hematocrit]. PMID- 1223574 TI - [Could we prevent intra-abdominal postoperative adhesions?]. PMID- 1223575 TI - [Noun in the pain as a medical term]. PMID- 1223576 TI - [Malformations of the gallbladder in childhood]. PMID- 1223577 TI - [Breast diseases and breast tumors as a surgical problem]. PMID- 1223578 TI - [Rosette test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1223579 TI - [Unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome (Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome)]. PMID- 1223580 TI - [Changes of the platelet aggregation in patients with chronic renal insufficiency under extracorporeal dialysis]. PMID- 1223581 TI - [Case of septic form of anthrax with agranulocytosis]. PMID- 1223582 TI - [3 consecutive deliveries of infants of young parents with tetraphocomelia of the Robert's type]. PMID- 1223583 TI - [Surgical treatment of the vesico-ureteral reflux in completely duplicated ureter]. PMID- 1223584 TI - [Scope of partial interventions in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 1223585 TI - [Significance of the liver function test in the current diagnosis of chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1223586 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of "collagenoses"]. PMID- 1223587 TI - [Is there a specific therapy for the various collagen diseases? Podium discussion at the 15th session of the DKD Continuous Education, Mar. 9, 1974 at Wiesbaden]. PMID- 1223588 TI - [Function tests for carbohydrate metabolism in clinical and medical practice. Basic principles, technic and value]. PMID- 1223589 TI - [Influencing the deformability of erythrocytes through pentoxiphyllin]. PMID- 1223590 TI - [Blood circulation in physical training students under pentoxiphyllin]. PMID- 1223591 TI - [Management of chronic inflammatory and toxic metabolic liver lesions in juvenile drug addicts and alcoholics using hepsan]. PMID- 1223592 TI - [Demonstration of the pelvic veins]. PMID- 1223593 TI - [Osteopathy and growth retardation of the child's skeleton in uremia]. PMID- 1223594 TI - [Surgical results in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 1223595 TI - [Priciples and scope of radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 1223596 TI - [Management of hemorrhagic complications under anticoagulant therapy using coumarins]. PMID- 1223597 TI - [Diurnal profile curves of thyroid hormones in patients with primary hypothyreosis under thyroid hormone substitution therapy]. PMID- 1223598 TI - [Optimal rehabilitation in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1223599 TI - Health and the Groote eylandter. AB - Concepts of health in traditional Groote Eylandt culture are examined, and the difference between these and European concepts are described. The importance of magic as a causal factor in serious illness is noted along with the absence of any specialist medical role. The community basis of health care is highlighted, and the implications of this for the development of more adequate health care measures are discussed. PMID- 1223600 TI - The setting for unsatisfactory health and nutritional standards in Australian aborigines. AB - In an Aboriginal community living in a country town in south-west Australia, dietary patterns were worst on the Aboriginal Reserve, somewhat better amongst those living in "transitional" houses and best in those living in standard government houses. The social background in these three groups is quite different in terms of their ages, educational backgrounds and sources of income. These factors help determine nutritional standards and should not be ignored in preventive health programmes. PMID- 1223601 TI - Tuberculosis in indigenous Australians. AB - A comparative study of tuberculosis in Aboriginal and white Australians is presented. There is a much higher prevalence of disease in the Aboriginal population than in the white. From a study of the clinical features and response to treatment in paired cases, disease in the Aboriginal is found to be more acute, more extensive and more frequently non-pulmonary. As this disease pattern is unfamiliar to many Australian doctors, tuberculosis should enter into the differential diagnosis of all ill Aborigines. PMID- 1223602 TI - Family health in tribal aborigines. The use of the vernacular "KAP" test. PMID- 1223603 TI - Electroencephalogram during pyrogen induced fever. PMID- 1223604 TI - Influence of hypothalamic stimulation upon the ultrastructure of the anterior pituitary gland. Part 2. Gonadotrophs. PMID- 1223605 TI - A comparative study on lipogenesis from fructose and sucrose in rats. PMID- 1223606 TI - Apparatus for large scale preparative gel electrophoresis with a "non-dilution program". PMID- 1223607 TI - Disappearance rates of serum enzymes in acute myocardial infarction: their relation to duration of elevated serum enzyme activities. PMID- 1223608 TI - A case of Alport's syndrome without splitting of glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 1223609 TI - [Prevention of motion sickness by means of intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate]. PMID- 1223610 TI - Relationship between the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus. PMID- 1223611 TI - Effects of the hypothalamus upon photic evoked potentials in the visual cortex of rabbits. PMID- 1223612 TI - [Experiences of control measures against hospitalism (author's transl)]. AB - Infection caused by gram negative germs in hospitals increased 14-fold since 1957 and measures today 66p.c. of hospital infection. The following causes are mainly responsible for this fact: inadequate hygienic measures, increased antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and-therapy, changing pattern of antibiotic resistance, increased degree of severity of operations, and the mounting number of intensive care unit patients. 13 letal pneumonias and 1 peritonitis caused by klebsiella were observed in the Department of Surgery of the University of Tubingen Hospital. Search of the source of infection as well as control measures are described. Limitation of application of antibiotics to absolutely necessary cases (5%) and strict observation of hygienic measures are requested. A full time hospital hygienist is needed for supervision. PMID- 1223613 TI - [Clinical experiences with a new multi-effective penicillin "spectacillin", gained in the gynecological and obstetrical therapy (author's transl)]. AB - With the new semi-synthetic ampicilline-derivate, we treated 28 female patients of gynecological, and 22 of obstetrical indications. Owing to bacterial infections by grampositive/gramnegative germs, in these cases an antibiotic therapy was indicated. The target therapy was based on clinical findings, the germ analysis and the antibiogram. Considering the degree of disease, the intravenous (3 x 2 grams per day) or the oral treatment (4 to 6 grams a day) has been effected during 6 days at least and 13 days as a maximum duration. The evaluation of the therapeutical results was made by means of the clinical cours as well as the germ findings. These two parameters showed the reliable effectiveness of "Spectacillin", whereas the low exanthemic rate must be emphasized. PMID- 1223614 TI - [The parent's responsibility within the new law]. PMID- 1223615 TI - [Activation of the fibrinolytic system by furosemide (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenously administered furosemide induces besides its well known diuretic effect a significant activation of the fibrinolytic system. This fibrinolytic effect, however, is only seen in persons with an intact renal system, not in nephrectomized patients and not in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. From this finding the conclusion is drawn that furosemide needs for its fibrinolytic effect the intact renal tissue. It is discussed that the beneficial therapeutic value of high-dose furosemide in acute renal insufficiency following shock or septic abortion might at least partially be due to furosemide-induced fibrinolysis of the microthrombi of the glomerula. PMID- 1223616 TI - [Chronic renal failure in bourneville-pringle's disease (author's transl)]. AB - In a 38-year-old woman the process of developing chronic renal failure in Bournevill-Pringle's disease is described. The diagnosis is based on the typical skin lesions as well as the familiary affliction concerning four generations. Only in the fourth generation a brain involvement is detectable. In the presented case cystic mixed tumors of the kidneys are responsible for the renal insufficiency, combined with consecutive pyelonephritis. According to the changing clinical expressivity of this congenital disease it can be deduced, that Pringle's disease is in this case an abortive form of tuberous sclerosis. The basic lesion of tuberous sclerosis is hamartomatous tissue change. The brain, skin, bones and kidneys are the most commonly affected sites. PMID- 1223617 TI - [Neurophysiologic control during treatment of cerebral ischaemia with danaden retard (author's transl)]. AB - After a three month treatment with Danaden retard (Encephabol + nicotinic acid) a group of patients suffering from cerebral ischaemia showed (in contrast to an untreated group) a significant reduction of slow waves in the EEG, a significant improvement of the audiogram, a reduction of the optic and acoustic reaction time and of the peak latency of the visual evoked potentials. PMID- 1223618 TI - [Early diagnosis of arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities. A comparison of various nonbloody methods for vascular investigation]. AB - In 13 patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs (ages ranged from 47-74 years) and in two control groups of 13 healthy young (range 20 to 39 years) and 20 healthy elder people (range 40-65 years) vascular investigations were made. We used the electronic pulse-oscillography as well as the blood-flow-measurement by applying an airfilled plethysmographic technique and the simultaneous systolic blood-pressure-measurement at the equilateral ankle and forearm by means of a plethysmographic resp. Riva-Rocci method. Comparing the different methods and parameters of physical tests, we found that the determination of the "cruro-brachial pressure gradient" is usefull to distinguish exactly healthy persons from sick ones. In cases without coarctation of aorta and of patent arm arteries, systolic ankle blood-pressure less than 9 mmHg in comparison with the equilateral forearm blood-pressure is evidence of a hemodynamic effective stenosis in the arteries of the legs and/or the aorto-iliac vessels. PMID- 1223619 TI - [Comment on J. Nenos: Med.Klin.69 (1974), 1185: Functional psychoses and neurologic disorders in pancreatitis]. PMID- 1223620 TI - [Functional psychoses and neurologic disorders in pancreatitis. Concluding comment]. PMID- 1223621 TI - [The physician's therapeutic intervention in the penal code system]. PMID- 1223622 TI - [Health hazards at the working site]. PMID- 1223623 TI - [Behavior of CPK, SGOT, SGPT and aldolase following oral administration of a new specific adrenergic beta-2 bronchodilator (Clenbuterol)]. PMID- 1223624 TI - [Modern serodiagnosis of liver diseases. Part V]. PMID- 1223625 TI - [Drug review. Liapten]. PMID- 1223626 TI - [What property is taxable as of 1974?]. PMID- 1223627 TI - [The Europe of physicians]. PMID- 1223628 TI - [Modern serodiagnosis of liver diseases. Part 1]. PMID- 1223629 TI - [Drug review. Lactomederm. Milk serum--bath]. PMID- 1223630 TI - [Studies on 209 subjects for an early diagnosis of rubella virus infections]. PMID- 1223631 TI - [Histological studies and progression characteristics in 56 children with corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1223632 TI - [Syndrome of primary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. Report of a case]. PMID- 1223633 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic notes on dyspneizing bronchopneumopathies in the premature infant. Presentation of 24 cases treated with lincomycin]. PMID- 1223634 TI - [Practical problems in infant nutrition]. PMID- 1223635 TI - [Primary incontinentia pigmenti with associated multiple malformations]. PMID- 1223636 TI - [Medico-psycho-pedagogic consultation for children from 0 to 3 years old and results of early treatment of children with psychomotor retardation]. PMID- 1223637 TI - [Biliary calculi in childhood. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 1223638 TI - [Mepartricin: a new polyene antibiotic for the treatment of mycotic infections of the oral cavity in infants]. PMID- 1223639 TI - Controlled research on pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacy in pediatric field. PMID- 1223640 TI - [Pneumopericardium in pertussis]. PMID- 1223641 TI - [Etiopathogenesis, genetics and treatment of cystinic lithiasis]. PMID- 1223642 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in the pediatric age. Clinico-histological correlations and course characteristics]. PMID- 1223643 TI - [Phenylketonuria. Clinical and medico-social considerations. Our recent experiences]. PMID- 1223644 TI - [NBT stimulation test in the newborn infant]. PMID- 1223645 TI - [Rehabilitation aspects in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Report of 4 clinical cases]. PMID- 1223646 TI - [Hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon (Chilaiditi's syndrome) in childhood]. PMID- 1223647 TI - [Congenital embryonal right diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 1223648 TI - [Anatomic localization of echolalic phenomena in the CNS. Pathology of spontaneity in human speech]. PMID- 1223649 TI - [Schizophrenia as an intermediate event]. PMID- 1223650 TI - [Strong periodicity in lapses of a manic-depressive psychosis]. PMID- 1223651 TI - [Possibilities and frontiers of behavior therapy in the treatment of epileptics with severely altered personality]. PMID- 1223652 TI - [Azathioprine in the treatment of arteriitis temporalis]. PMID- 1223653 TI - [Osteoporosis circumscripta cranii (Schuller)]. PMID- 1223654 TI - [A simple aid (picture test) for the investigation of mnestic functions]. PMID- 1223655 TI - [Epilepay and delinquent aggressive behavior]. PMID- 1223656 TI - [Electroencephalographic observations in a patient with epileptic photomas]. PMID- 1223657 TI - Some characteristics of in vitro 3H-estradiol binding by the rat posterior hypophysis. AB - The binding capacity for estradiol in the cytosol and nucleus of the rat posterior hypophysis was demonstrated in vitro. The maximal 3H-estradiol binding took place at 37 degrees C in both fractions; but when time experiments were performed, the most binding occurred at 30 min in the cytosol and at 90 min in the nucleus. Administering exogenous estradiol to spayed rats shifted the site of maximal binding from the posterior hypophysis' cytosol to the nucleus. Both fractions showed a low capacity for 3H-estradiol binding; we studied the presence of a macromolecular component(s) that bind(s) estradiol with high affinity in the cytosol. The number of binding sites in the whole posterior hypophysis was determined in spayed and estradiol-treated rats. In the latter group, the protein context of the posterior hypophysis increased. PMID- 1223658 TI - Development of Rathke's pouch tissue transplanted into adult hypophysectomized female rats. AB - Rathke's pouch tissue, from rat embryos of 11-15 days' gestation, was microsurgically removed and transplanted into the hypothalamus of hypophysectomized adult females. The hosts were sacrificed 4 weeks later; brain and target organs were preserved for histological examination. Plasma samples were taken for the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The implanted tissue invariably developed along certain lines. Undifferentiated primitive cells were found associated with nervous tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage and glandular cells. In every age group, some implants became invasive, forming massive growths in the brain. These tumorous properties were principally associated (p less than 0.05) with tissue from 12-day embryos. Pituitary primordia from all ages demonstrated the ability to develop into functional adenohypophyseal tissue. Target organ stimulation indicated a secretion of corticotropin, thyrotropin and somatotropin. FSH and/or LH were detected by RIA in the plasma of 61% of the test animals. We suggest that this system offers unique opportunities for future investigations into the mechanisms that determine whether embryonic epithelial tissue will remain under normal growth control or will become tumorous or even cancerous. PMID- 1223659 TI - Effect of five dopaminergic drugs on plasma growth hormone levels in acromegalic subjects. AB - The effect of 5 dopaminergic drugs, 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154), L-dopa, 1 (2-pyrimidyl)-4-piperonylpiperazine (Piribedil), amantadine and 1,3-dimethyl-5 amino-adamantan (d 145), on human growth hormone levels (hGH) was studied in 38 acromegalic subjects. Acute administration of CB 154 (2.5 mg p.o.) in 34 patients was followed by a significant and sustained fall in plasma hGH levels; in 19 cases (55.6%) the observed fall was clearly below the +/- 2SD of the mean GH changes present in the same subjects after placebo. In patients previously shown to be responsive to CB 154, Significant GH falls were also present following the single administration of L-dopa (500 mg p.o.) (9 patients) and Piribedil (100 mg p.o.) (5 patients), although CB 154 exhibited a more frequent, striking (reduction of up to 1-2 ng/ml) and long-lasting (4 h more) effect. In contrast, amantadine (200 mg p.o.) or D 145 (20 or 50 mg p.o.) did not induce significant changes in hGH levels (7 patients). These results broaden and corroborate previous findings on the hGH-lowering effect of dopaminergic stimulation in acromegaly. The possible reason(s) for the difference in hGH response with different dopaminergic compounds is discussed. PMID- 1223660 TI - Inhibition of ADH release in the rat by narcotic antagonists. AB - The diuretic action of two new narcotic antagonists, oxilorphan and butorphanol, was studied in rats heterozygous for hereditary hypothalmic diabetes insipidus. Both drugs caused a prompt increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine osmolality with an associated decrease in urinary ADH excretion. The effects appeared to be dose related and of short duration. Tolerance to butorphanol administration was evident on repeated daily injections. The diuretic effect was not associated with alternation in creatinine excretion, but butorphanol resulted in decreased osmolal, sodium and potassium excretion. Butorphanol prevented the expected rise in urine osmolality and ADH excretion due to 31 h of dehydration. Oxilorphan did not interfere with the ability of administered ADH to cause an antidiuresis. The data indicate that these narcotic antagonists cause a diuresis by inhibiting ADH release from the neurohypophysis. PMID- 1223661 TI - Hypothalamic norepinephrine: concentration and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation in the rat. AB - Both norepinephrine (NE) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), were assayed in rat hypothalamus during selected stages of pregnancy and lactation. No changes were observed in the concentration of either NE or MHPG at 5, 15 or 21 days' gestation. However, with 8-15 h after parturition, the concentration of NE decreased sharply while that of MHPG showed a correspondingly sharp increase. The possible significance of such change in hypothalamic catecholamine activity was considered in relation to parturition, postpartum estrus and onset of maternal behavior. PMID- 1223662 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone on biogenic amine levels in the hypothalamus. AB - Implants of hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), cholesterol or empty tubing were placed in the hypothalamus of rats. Corticoid implants elevated serotonin levels in the basomedial hypothalamus compared to the other two groups, but norepinephrine levels were unchanged. Adrenal and serum cortcosterone, as well as adrenal weight, were lower in animals with hydrocortisone implants. These data support the hypothesis that hypothalamic serotonin is involved in negative feedback control of adrenal steroid secretion. Biogenic amines in the medial hypothalamus were determined at 30 days in rats neonatally treated with HCA. Both norepinephrine and serotonin levels were elevated significantly in the treated group in comparison to controls, but dopamine levels failed to change. PMID- 1223663 TI - Dissociation of adrenocortical secretory responses to cyanide and philocarpine in dogs with hypothalamic lesions. AB - In dogs with hypothalamic lesions as well as in intact and hypophysectomized dogs, adrenal venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for 17 hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). In intact dogs a marked increase in adrneal 17 OHCS secretion was observed following the i.v. infusion of cyanide as well as after the i.v. injection of pilocarpine; this was completely abolished by hypophysectomy. The adrenocortical response to pilocarpine was markedly impaired and that to cyanide partially suppressed after lesioning of the anterior median eminence. However, after lesioning of the posterior median eminence, the adrenocortical secretory response to pilocarpine was almost the same as in intact dogs, whereas the response to cyanide was markedly impaired. Thus, a dissociation of adrenocortical secretory responses to cyanide and pilocarpine was demonstrated in dogs with hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 1223664 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis and EEG-evoked response relationships. AB - This study was conducted to determine whether the patterning of EEG and somatosensory evoked response (SER) variables, as determined by the correlations between them, differs with respect to psychiatric diagnosis. Subjects were 43 nonpatients and 90 psychiatric inpatients. SER modified recovery function recordings provided 36 variables, reflecting amplitude and its variations with different stimulus conditions. A 10-min left parietal EEG was quantitatively analyzed to give mean amplitude and frequency and variability measures. Correlations between EEG and ER variables were compared both for unmatched groups of nonpatients, schizophrenics, psychotic depressions, and nonpsychotics and for smaller age and sex-matched diagnostic groups. The results revealed a number of correlation differences between clinical groups. The nature of the differences suggested diagnostic specificity for EEG-ER patterning, which may provide a new, psychiatrically relevant electrophysiological variable. PMID- 1223665 TI - EEG techniques in the measurement of the severity of depressive syndromes. AB - Previous results from our laboratory support the hypothesis that measurements of EEG mean integrated amplitude (MIA) are correlated with the depth of depression as assessed by a rating scale, and also with the degree of memory impairment during depression. Moreover, it could be shown that there occurs, during severe depression, a more pronounced involvement of the dominant (DH) than of the non dominant (NDH) brain hemisphere. A similar interhemispheric difference has also been found in a previous study of visual averaged evoked responses (V.AER). A new series comprising 51 untreated depressed patients has been investigated for both MIA and V.AER to extend the previous findings. In agreement with previous results a significant negative correlation between the within patient variance (WPV) of the MIA and depression scores was found. Moreover, a statistically significant negative relationship between the amplitude of the first two V.AER and depression scores was obtained. Since DH is most important for verbal functions, it is assumed that the degree of involvement of the DH is more pronounced in retarded depressed patients with pronounced speech disturbances. PMID- 1223666 TI - Effect of peripheral decarboxylase inhibition on HVA and 5HIAA in cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients. AB - The effects of benserazide on the level of homovanillic acid and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid in CSF have been investigated in 1 manic and 11 depressed patients. Benserazide induced no change on both metabolites. This negative result supports the view that monoamine metabolites in CSF, in the absence of loading with an exogenous precursor, originate mostly from brain parenchyma, without significant contribution of the metabolism in capillary walls. PMID- 1223667 TI - Associative changes in hospitalized schizophrenics during a 16-year period. AB - After a mean test-retest period of 16 years a sample of 39 initially chronic as well as acute/subacute schizophrenic patients showed a statistically significant normalization of associative performance. This finding was corroborated by a cross-sectional comparison between the same 39 patients and a sample of chronic schizophrenics (n = 26)) tested 16 years ago. The findings were attributed to effects of psychotropic drugs and improved psychiatric treatment. PMID- 1223668 TI - A clinical and family history comparison of good outcome and poor outcome schizophrenia. AB - The use of strict criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia is quite predictive of a bad prognosis. Should the patient not meet such strict criteria, a family history of remitting illness may be helpful in suggesting a better outcome. In this latter group, the subtype diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenic carries with it a better prognosis. PMID- 1223669 TI - Bilateral inheritance as evidence for polygenicity in functional psychoses. AB - Among 1,678 functional psychoses followed up, 35 had parents, uncles, aunts or grandparents with 2 or more cases diagnosed as schizophrenic psychoses, or 2 or more secondary relatives diagnosed as non-schizophrenic psychoses. Comparisons of unilateral and bilateral inheritance suggest that the schizophrenic and endogenous affective psychoses have polygenic transmission, while this is not the case for reactive psychoses. PMID- 1223670 TI - Behaviour and social characteristics of young associal alcohol abusers. AB - In the present study all available young social alcohol abusers in the capital of Iceland are compared with a control group matched for age and intellectual level. Certain behaviour and social characteristics were found to occur more often during childhood among the abusers. Boys showing these characteristics should be regarded as being at high risk of developing asocial alcohol abuse. In order to prevent this they and their families should be offered social, psychiatric and medical help. PMID- 1223671 TI - The bipolar unipolar dichotomy and the need for a consistent terminology. AB - A division of the major psychotic affective disorders into a bipolar (true manic depressive) and unipolar (recurrent depressive or recurrent manic) group represents a clear advance in the classificatory work of affective illness which had been suffering from stagnation. Several investigations have already contributed provocative findings which support the heuristic value of this distinction. However, to be reliable a separation of bipolar from unipolar affective disorders must rely upon clear-cut definitions of the labels to be used in order to avoid inconsistency in terminology hampering the reliability of our findings. PMID- 1223672 TI - Growth hormone release during sleep and with thermal stimulation in depressed patients. AB - The pattern of human growth hormone (HGH) release was studied in depressed patients during sleep under EEG control and employing high temperature exposure. The patients were free of drugs and were compared with corresponding control groups. In the sleep study (6 depressed patients), 2 patients showed no definite increase in HGH plasma concentration, and 3 patients showed an increase in HGH only in the second half of the night, independent of slow wave sleep (SWS). But sleep disturbances were present in all 5 patients. A correlation between SWS and HGH release was found in only 1 patient. One nondepressed control, without SWS, showed a delayed HGH response. Exposure to high temperature in normal subjects induced an acute HGH release. 8 of the 13 patients studied had a deficient HGH RESPONSE. All were depressive, with psycho motor retardation and marked vital and neurovegetative disturbances. These findings support the idea that, at least in a high percentage of depressed patients, there is a disturbance of the hypothalamic pituitary function. PMID- 1223673 TI - Multivariate analyses of anthropometric and psychometric variables in probands with affective disorders and their families. AB - Data on 121 subjects, probands with affective disorders, their spouses and first degree relatives, are analyzed by multivariate methods to determine the relationships between physical types and propensity to illness. 56 variables are used: 39 anthropometric measures, age, sex, and 15 psychometric scales. In a canonical analysis between the anthropometric measures and the psychiatric scales, each canonical variable is found to be largely identified with a single psychometric component, as found in a principal components analysis of the psychometric scales. The two major anthropometric components, size and linearity, do not have any clear relationship with the psychometric components. However, a discriminant analysis that takes each individual as being in one of four clinical groups, normal, unipolar depressed, bipolar affective disorder or other, indicates a clear relationship between the anthropometric measures and mental illness; wide face and deep chest are associated with patients who have bipolar affective disorder. Half of the variables studied are sufficient to give virtually the same amount of discrimination as all 56 variables. PMID- 1223674 TI - [Treatment of arteriosclerotic peripheral chronic obliterating arteriopathies (A.P.C.O.) of the lower extremities with a new pharmacologic combination]. PMID- 1223675 TI - [Coronary risk factors and ischemic heart disease in bus drivers and conductors]. PMID- 1223676 TI - [Relationship between glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinism and hyperlipemia in arteriosclerotic subjects]. PMID- 1223677 TI - [Activity of a new derivative of 3-hydrazinopyridazine: ISF 2123 in patients with hypertension. I]. PMID- 1223678 TI - [Clinical experimentation with a cinnamic derivative of piperazine in the prevention of stenocardia]. PMID- 1223679 TI - [Effects of pindolol on the automatism of the sinus node and on atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction in man]. PMID- 1223680 TI - [Behavior of quinidinemia in the double-blind treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation with quinidine and beta-blockaders]. PMID- 1223681 TI - [Aseptic urethritis in the post-pericardiotomy syndrome]. PMID- 1223682 TI - [Case of popliteal arteriovenous fistula with secondary aneurysm of the external iliac vein]. PMID- 1223683 TI - [Coronary-pulmonary fistula in a case of collagenosis]. PMID- 1223684 TI - [A case of complex arrhythmia in a patient with true dextrocardia and situs inversus]. PMID- 1223686 TI - [Proposal for a new catheter for vascular surgery, Preliminary note]. PMID- 1223685 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. Diagnostic use of closely-spaced radiological examinations]. PMID- 1223687 TI - [Jejunal leiomyoma as a cause of neonatal intestinal occlusion]. AB - Intestinal occlusion with the characteristics of an atresia proved to have been caused by leiomyoma of the jejunum. PMID- 1223688 TI - [Appendicular ovarian endometriosis with a clinical picture of acute abdomen]. AB - Reference to the literature is made in an account of extragenital external endometriosis, with particular attention to intestinal varieties. A case of ovarian and appendicular endometriosis with the clinical picture of acute abdomen is presented. Lastly, an evaluation is made of the views put forward concerning the aetiopathogenesis of this conditions. PMID- 1223689 TI - [Monitoring of intracranial pressure]. AB - An account of the significance of intracranial pressure is followed by a review of the various sites in which it can be recorded (spinal canal, lateral ventricles, subarachnoidal spaces, operation cavity, other sites). Monitoring of ventricular pressure is discussed in detail; this deals with the classic site and its technique has become part of clinical practice. The utilisation and interpretation of the data in the form of pressure levels and their changes in the course of time are also discussed. The clinical indications for monitoring are noted. PMID- 1223690 TI - [So-called spontaneous rupture of the esophagus or Boerhaave's syndrome]. AB - A typical case of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) successfully operated at the Surgery Division of the Lodi Greater Hospital is presented. An account of the aetiopathogenetic, anatomopathological and clinical problems involved is followed by an examination of the possibilities of diagnosis. It is felt that early surgical management is the only way of obtaining the best results. It is also suggested that the term "rupture following effort) be used instead of the normal "spontaneous rupture", since the pathogenetic dynamics behind the lesion is better expressed in this manner. PMID- 1223691 TI - [Morphological specifications on the anatomy of the vagus nerve in the mediastinum]. AB - The intrathoracic vagosympathetic relations in man are discussed, and attention is drawn to certain small nerve branches connecting the orthosympathetic ant the hypobronchial portion of the oesophageal plexus. PMID- 1223692 TI - [Value and limitations of intravenous cholangiography in the diagnosis of the main bile duct diseases. Studies in 209 cases controlled surgically]. AB - The value and limits of i.v. cholangiography were appraised in the light of the surgical picture in 209 patients. Exact preoperative diagnosis was possible in many cases, while no more than dilatation of the main bile duct was demonstrable in others. False negatives mainly concerned lithiasis of the common duct without jaundice, whereas false positive lithiasis was primarily observed in papilitis and cephalopancreatitis. PMID- 1223693 TI - [Our experience in pancreatic injuries]. AB - Eight cases of pancreatic traumas are considered and the literature reviewed. Personal cases include: 1 contusion treated nedically; 2 cases of complete rupture (1 of which primary treated with double jejunal pancreatic anastomosis); 1 associated with splenic rupture, treated with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy; 1 contusion of the head associated with hepatic lesions treated with suture of the lesions external derived and cholecystostomy; 4 contusions without lesion of the duct associated with other visceral lesions (stomach, duodenum, spleen, liver), treated surgically by suture of the lesion, and drainage of the omental bursa. As regards diagnosis, the only pathognomonic examination is amylasaemia. Paracentesis proved important in cases of haemoperitoneum. Long-term results were observed by scintigraphy and through starch and maltose load curves. Scintigraphy pointed to the presence of functional deficiency in areas which seemed to be only contused or actually normal. It is therefore concluded, especially in cases of complete rupture, that therapy should be kept as conservative as possible (Duodenal pancreatic anastomosis). The purpose of this is to prevent fistulas of the residual stump, fostered by the pressure in Oddi's sphincter, and to lease the pancreatic tissue as operative as possible. This is particularly important if patients are young. PMID- 1223694 TI - [Results of lumbar gangliectomy interventions. Report of cases and current indications]. AB - The role of lumbar gangliectomy is examined by analysing cases of vascular interventions on the aorto-ilaco-femoral sector at the Department of Surgical Clinical Medicine II and at the Department of Surgical Anatomy and Surgery Studies of the University of Milan during the period 1966-1973. The steady, marked decrease in the incidence of operations on the Vegetative Nervous System, parallely with a notable rise in reconstructive operations is noted. The extension of indications to reconstructive operations alters the attitude to be assumed with regard to lumbar gangliectomy. Analysis of long-term results of indirect operations, however, confirms the validity of the method as a function of the restrictive attitude of present-day indications. PMID- 1223695 TI - [Hypnosis in labor]. AB - The aetiology of labour pains remains obscure and it is not certain that improper conditioning is the cause. Fear of pain is innate, while other fears are acquired. The employment of hypnosis during labour is discussed and it is pointed out that the paucity of qualified hypnologists makes its systematic use problematical. PMID- 1223696 TI - [Respiratory autogenic training in preparation for labor (RAT method)]. AB - Preparation for childbirth with the R.A.T. method involves two therapeutic steps. The first concerns a conditioning relaxation technique derived from hypnosis. Schultz's T.A. and reflexology. There is a series of seven exercises, each of which is supplemented by a revision exercise. The central training exercises coincide with the achievement of sleep breathing, followed by physical deconditioning to external stimuli and semantic deconditioning to uterine contractions. The second step involves a form of analysis designed to examine the mechanism of emotions in a particular situation, marker by the loss of connection between the Ego, the body and the environment, as occurs during group autogenous relaxation. PMID- 1223697 TI - [Bimanual antalgic maneuver on the parturient conditioned with hypnosis: delivery without medical assistance]. AB - A personal bimanual antalgic manipulation on hypnotized parturient is proposed as a normal method of delivery assistance since it is quicker and takes less emotionally out of the physician than "delivery under hypnosis". The question of "childbirth without medical assistance" is also discussed, reference being made to an exceptional case of post-hypnotic control. This compared to all those cases of patients who deliver without the preparatory hypnotist being present. PMID- 1223698 TI - [Hypnosis and moral doctrine]. AB - Patients undergoing hypnosis are free subjects in the sense that they possess a particular dignity and entitlement to respect. They are, in fact, "not available" for examination except insofar as there is an expected or auspicable improvement in their personal condition. This means that they are open to "experiment" solely to the extent that the following conditions are respected: certain control if situations involving risk to the person arise, "consent" of the patient (this may be only assumed in certain instances), the adoption of a "prudent" and "scientific" manner that avoids any suggestion of a spectacle or cheap publicity. PMID- 1223699 TI - [New surgical prospects in the treatment of hyperlipemia]. PMID- 1223700 TI - [Correlations between angiography and thermography using liquid crystals on a plate in Raynaud's syndrome]. AB - The problem of the correlation between angiography (surgical) and thermography using liquid crystals on a plate (non-surgical, easy, low cost, quick and repeatable) is examined on the basis of a small series. Presuming clinical history is adequate and examinations have eliminated typically surgical cases, the results of thermography appear to coincide with angiographic pictures; long term follow up can, however, only be carried out by means of nonsurgical means such as thermography and photoplethysmography. These pinpoint the improvement and consolidation of therapy, or any worsening which demands diagnostic and therapeutic surgical or parasurgical measures. PMID- 1223701 TI - [Dyslipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome. Physiopathological aspects and therapeutic prospects]. PMID- 1223702 TI - [Serum levels and glomerular deposits of some components of complement in glomerular diseases. Correlations in 172 cases]. PMID- 1223703 TI - [Blood levels of the proactivator of the C 3 fraction of complement in glomerular nephropathies]. PMID- 1223704 TI - [Transitory deficiency of Clq and C4 in a case of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1223705 TI - [Renal insufficiency in Asiatic cholera]. PMID- 1223706 TI - [Physiopathology of the hepato-renal syndrome. Effects on renal function induced by infusion of pitressin in the mesenteric artery of the dog during portal hypertension]. PMID- 1223707 TI - [Indomethacin in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome induced with aminonucleoside]. PMID- 1223708 TI - [Effects of indomethacin on renal function]. PMID- 1223709 TI - [Primary proximal tubular acidosis. Clinical and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 1223710 TI - [Bartter's syndrome associated with nephrocalcinosis. Critical review and presentation of a case]. PMID- 1223711 TI - [Effects of calcitonin on calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1223712 TI - Blood gas analysis (Astrup) in children suffering from gastroenteritis dehydration with acidosis. I. treated singly with half strength Darrow's solution in 2.5% glucose. II. treated with initially 3 A followed by Darrow--glucose (1:2) solution. PMID- 1223713 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in gastroenteritis. PMID- 1223714 TI - The effect of endotoxin on general and coronary haemodynamics and metabolism, and its relation in certain infectious diseases. PMID- 1223715 TI - Status asthmaticus. PMID- 1223716 TI - Increased vascular permeability evoked by mechanical trauma and haemarthrosis in synovium of the rat. AB - Increased vascular permeability was studied in the synovium of the rat's stifle joint following mechanical trauma and haemarthrosis. The abnormal permeability was detected by injecting colloidal carbon intravenously and examining the synovial vessels for intra-mural deposits of carbon. The effects of rotational and stretch injuries were minimal except when accompanied by intra-synovial haemorrhage. Injection of autologous whole blood into the joint evoked a marked venular permeability response which persisted for 24 hours. These findings indicate that the major factor in the formation of traumatic joint effusions is haemorrhage into the articular cavity or the adjacent tissues. PMID- 1223717 TI - Test and teach. Number 5. Diagnosis: Adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 1223718 TI - The detection of hepatitis B surface antigen by radioimmunoassay. AB - A comparative study was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. The 8,823 sera examined included selected reference panels and sera collected from populations with low, moderate and high rates of chronic antigen carriage. Overall, hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 265 sera by CIEP and in 376 by RIA. As well as detecting 46.4% additional positives, the RIA test detected all CIEP-positive sera; i.e., there were no false negative results. However, 150 sera (1.8% of the total tested) gave a positive result by RIA which was not repeatable on retesting. The explanation for this phenomenon appeared to lie in inadequate washing of the antibody-coated tubes. PMID- 1223719 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria from urine. AB - Bacteria isolated from the urine of 400 hospital inpatients and 483 outpatients were identified and the in vitro sensitivity of these organisms against 12 antibacterial agents currently used in the treatment of urinary tract infections was determined. There was little difference in the distribution of organisms between the two groups. Escherichia coli was predominant, accounting for 58% of the inpatients and 66% of the outpatients. Klebsiella was present in 15% of the inpatients as against 7% in the outpatients. Proteus mirabilis 9% inpatients and 8% outpatients and Enterococcus, 7% inpatients and 5% outpatients made up most of the remainder. The different organisms showed varying sensitivity patterns to the antibiotics tested. The commonly used antibiotics with the broadest spectrum were cephalexin and cotrimoxazole. PMID- 1223720 TI - The mast cell: distribution and maturation in the peritoneal cavity of the adult rat. AB - In the peritoneal cavity of the adult rat mast cells at the four stages of progressive maturation (and corresponding increase of sulphation of granules) are best demonstrated in free peritoneal fluid. Of the 0.1-0.2x10(6) cells in the free fluid, 26% are at stage 1 of maturation (all granules are stained by Alcian blue). 24% at stage 2 (majority of granules are stained by Alcian blue, minority by safranin), 20% at stage 3 (majority of granules are safranin-positive), and 30% at stage 4 (all granules are safranin-positive). Peritoneal washings yield a mean of about 1.3-1.8x10(6) mast cells of which 16% are at stage 1, 24% at stage 2, 34% at stage 3 and 26% at stage 4. The greater number recovered by washing, compared with the number in free peritoneal fluid, suggests that a substantial number of mast cells lie on the surface of the peritoneal membranes. PMID- 1223721 TI - Studies on phospholipids in the action of a lupus coagulation inhibitor. AB - Plasma from a patient with early manifestations of disseminated lupus erythematosus, a prolonged partial thromboplastin time with kaolin, mildly prolonged prothrombin time, and a circulating inhibitor affecting the assay of several clotting factors was investigated. The most sensitive test for the inhibitor was found to be the Russell viper venom time without phospholipid. A decrease in phospholipid concentration as well as decreased sodium chloride levels both significantly enhanced the effect of the inhibitor in several coagulation tests. Of various phospholipid substitutes tested phosphatidyl ethanolamine was the most effective in partially correcting for the inhibitor. The inhibitor was not localized to the patient's platelets, which were also found to partially neutralize its effect. Since lupus erythematosus is sometimes accompanied by thrombocytopenia the coagulation disorder may be aggravated by such a deficiency of phospholipid. The inhibitor appears to act by preventing binding of phospholipid to the Xa/V/thromboplastin complex. It was characterized as a gamma globulin of mixed class. PMID- 1223722 TI - [Erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and affinity of hemoglobin for O-2]. PMID- 1223723 TI - [Lobular carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 1223724 TI - [Idiopathic acquired dysplastic anemia developped under the picture of global hematopoietic insufficiency. Contribution to the study of so-called refractory anemias]. PMID- 1223725 TI - [Perifollicular fibroma]. PMID- 1223726 TI - [Case of malignant lymphogranuloma with sarcoid-type changes of the spleen]. PMID- 1223727 TI - [Immuno-nephelometric automated determination of blood proteins]. PMID- 1223728 TI - Incidence of gastric carcinoma, histologically documented in the years 1972-1973 in 35 Italian laboratories of anatomical pathology. PMID- 1223729 TI - [Lowe's oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome]. PMID- 1223730 TI - [Camurati-Engelmann disease (clinico-radiological contribution and chromosome study)]. PMID- 1223731 TI - [Fibrin degradation products and complement levels in the blood of nephropathic children]. PMID- 1223732 TI - [Cystic nephropathy caused by renal dysplasia with urethral atresia]. PMID- 1223733 TI - [A case of severe renal tubular acidosis in an infant]. PMID- 1223734 TI - [A case of Wolman's disease]. PMID- 1223735 TI - [Prospects of inhalation therapy in infantile bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1223736 TI - [Evaluation of the phagocytic activity of the neutrophil granulocytes (NTB-test) and the blood immunoglobulin level in splenectomized subjects with beta thalassemia]. PMID- 1223737 TI - [Use of an extractive ferric globulin preparation in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in infancy]. PMID- 1223738 TI - [Behavior of blood somatotropin after intramuscular administration of glucagon in prepuberal obese subjects]. PMID- 1223739 TI - [Diminished activity of the hepatic glucuronation of the salicylamide in subjects with erythrocyte deficiency of glucosephosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)]. PMID- 1223740 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis and possibility of treatment of the feto-placental insufficiency (FPI)]. PMID- 1223741 TI - [Hypoglycemia as a cause of brain changes]. PMID- 1223743 TI - [Neonatal diagnosis of congenital neurometabolic errors]. PMID- 1223742 TI - [Maternal diseases which influence the cerebral development of the fetus]. PMID- 1223744 TI - [Prevention of cerebral damage due to bilirubin metabolism]. PMID- 1223745 TI - [Effects of prenatal infections on the development of the nervous system]. PMID- 1223746 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of diseases due to chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 1223747 TI - [Cerebral development in the small for the gestational age newborn infant]. PMID- 1223748 TI - [Case of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]. PMID- 1223749 TI - [Role of reactivity in the etiology of toxic and septic conditions in young children]. PMID- 1223750 TI - [Pancreatic enzymatic adaptation to different quality protein and fat in the ration of infants under 1 year of age]. PMID- 1223751 TI - [Classification of chronic nutrition disorders in young children]. PMID- 1223752 TI - [Dynamics of the activity of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes in chronic nutrition disorders in young children]. PMID- 1223753 TI - [Content of lipid fractions in blood serum of healthy infants under 1 year of age and in chronic nutrition disorders]. PMID- 1223754 TI - [Role of pediatric polyclinic in the care of infants during the 1st year of life in the family]. PMID- 1223755 TI - [Certain indicators of the oxidation-reduction processes in chronic nutrition disorders in young children]. PMID- 1223756 TI - [Variants of lipemic curves in acute digestive disorders in young children]. PMID- 1223757 TI - [Esophago-gastric insufficiency as one of the causes of vomiting and regurgitation in young children]. PMID- 1223758 TI - [Clinical course and differential diagnosis of hemihypoplasia during the 1st year of life]. PMID- 1223759 TI - [Dynamics of the indicators of disorders of metabolic processes in acute pneumonia in young children]. PMID- 1223760 TI - [Classification of hypervitaminosis D in children]. PMID- 1223761 TI - [Angiocardiography and heart catheterization in funnel chest in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1223762 TI - [Organization of service to infants in the 1st year of life in a pediatric polyclinic]. PMID- 1223763 TI - [Preoperative medication of children by means of multi-component rectal suppositories]. PMID- 1223764 TI - [Certain aspects of treatment of metabolic alkalosis in children after resuscitation]. PMID- 1223765 TI - [Liver function in children in the postoperative period]. PMID- 1223766 TI - [Urinary calculi in children]. PMID- 1223767 TI - [Changes in vitamin A and carotenoid content of blood in children depending on the functional condition of the liver and concentration of lipids]. PMID- 1223768 TI - [Effect of blood serum of children with constitutional-exogenic obesity on the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue]. PMID- 1223769 TI - Basic principles of the work at a united district pediatric hospital. PMID- 1223770 TI - [Juvenile Fanconi's nephrophthisis in an adolescent]. PMID- 1223771 TI - [Early detection of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint and muscular torticollis in infants under conditions of a polyclinic]. PMID- 1223772 TI - [Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 1223773 TI - [Familial form of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1223774 TI - [Presence and nature of destructive-atrophic processes in the brain of children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 1223775 TI - [Pathological asymmetry in electroencephalogram and rheoencephalogram in infants with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 1223776 TI - [Change of amino acid metabolism in microcephaly syndrome]. PMID- 1223777 TI - [Clinical characteristics and bioelectrical activity of the muscles of the urogenital apparatus in patients with enuresis]. PMID- 1223778 TI - [Hepato-cerebral dystrophy in children]. PMID- 1223779 TI - [Functional state of the central nervous system in preschool children depending on different regimens of the motor activity]. PMID- 1223780 TI - [State of the sympathetic-adrenal system (according to indicators of diurnal excretion of catecholamines) in children with general psychic underdevelopment]. PMID- 1223781 TI - [Certain psycho-hygienic aspects in the work of a pediatric institution]. PMID- 1223782 TI - [Characteristics of dermatoglyphics of the palm and distal phalanges in children with phenylketonuria]. PMID- 1223783 TI - [Effect of inbreeding on the state of health of children]. PMID- 1223784 TI - [Experience in the work of a medical-genetic center]. PMID- 1223785 TI - [Experience in the work with children having postural disorders in the frontal plane]. PMID- 1223786 TI - [State and perspectives of development of neurological and psychiatric service to children in USSR]. PMID- 1223787 TI - [Assay of serum creatine phosphokinase in primary hypothyroidism. Comparison with other thyroid gland function tests in 32 cases. Value of isoenzyme studies]. AB - Serum-creatine phosphokinase levels were measured in 32 cases of primary hypothyroidism in adults and compared with the results of other thyroid function test. C.P.K. elevation appeared to be almost completely uniform (31 out of 32 cases) and marked, reaching six times the normal value. This elevation is more marked in 18 myxoedematous patients than in 14 with those with hypothyroidism of mixed aetiology. Close correlation does not seem to exist between the elevation of C.P.K. and the lowering of serum thyroxine. The elevation of C.P.K. above the upper limits of normal seemed more constant than lengthening of the achilles reflex time, a rise in serum cholesterol, or a rise in other enzymes of muscular origin, such as the glutampopyruvic and glutamo-oxalocetic transaminases, lactodehydrogenase and hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase. In 8 cases of hypothyroidism, the isoenzymic study of serum C.P.K. by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate confirmed that the molecular structure was of the muscle type MM. The advantage of such a study shows that a structure MB found in the case of myocardial infarction in a patient with hypothyroidism deserves to be stressed. PMID- 1223788 TI - [Prognostic value of bone and bone marrow lesions of primary myeloid metaplasia]. AB - This study of the history of 117 cases of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis underlines the importance of anatomo-pathological and radiological parameters for prognosis. Histological staging of bone and bone marrow lesions at time of diagnosis enables one to confirm long survival of cases with hyperplasia (Group I) and more severe prognosis for advanced myelofibrosis (that is both groups II and III considered together) but does not enable to establish a significative difference between medium survival of cach group II and III considered separately. Those medium survivals estimated are the following: 82 months for group I; 60 months for both groups II and III. Thus, it is logical to consider together these two groups among which one can distinguish two anatomoclinical forms. One is characterized by bone marrow hyperplasia with reticulin myelofibrosis and is usually associated with large spleen and even in some cases with polycythemia but without radiologic bone lesions; the other is characterized by bone marrow of medium or hypoplasic constitution fibrosis, with or without osteosclerosis and with radiologic bone lesions of mode-rate or important extension (respectively 16.9 p. cent of cases) and is usually associated with pancytopenia. PMID- 1223789 TI - [Value of the use of radioactive fibrinogen in man]. PMID- 1223790 TI - [Letter: Role of real time ultrasonic images]. PMID- 1223791 TI - [Letter: Toxicity of bismuth per os]. PMID- 1223792 TI - [Letter: Results of treatment of Paget's disease of bone with swine thyrocalcitonin]. PMID- 1223793 TI - [Letter: Pancreatic lesions following wirsungography. The point of view of the radiologist]. PMID- 1223794 TI - [Letter: Acute hemolytic anemia caused by autoantibodies with positive Hb antigen test]. PMID- 1223795 TI - [Letter: Serum enzyme changes after embolization of systemic pulmonary arteries]. PMID- 1223796 TI - [Letter: Peroperative control of gastric acidity during ultraselective vagotomy]. PMID- 1223797 TI - [Letter: Benign postoperative intrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 1223798 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of prostaglandins]. PMID- 1223799 TI - Clinical and morphological correlations in mesangial glomerulonephritis in children. AB - The present series comprises 36 cases of mesangial glomerulonephritis in children aged from six months to 14 years. On the basis of morphological criteria, types with considerable and slight mesangial proliferation were distinguished. Slight mesangial proliferation was more typical of younger children. Clinically they showed more often the nephrotic syndrome (sometimes difficult to differentiate from lipoid nephrosis). Older children developed mesangial proliferation rather of greater intensity: renal insufficiency and erythruria predominated in this group. PMID- 1223800 TI - Effect of prolonged administration of L-leucine-4-anti-pyrineamide dihydrochloride on certain organs and blood formation system in rat. AB - Newly synthesized L-leucine-4-antipyrineamide shows the biological effect of aminopyrine. In contrast, it does not cause any adverse effect on the growth of rat, and induces neither degeneration of the parenchymal organs nor agranulocytosis. PMID- 1223801 TI - On pure motor hemiplegia (Fisher's syndrome). AB - The authors described three cases of so-called "lacunar strokes" with pure motor hemiplegia. Clinical diagnosis in all three cases was middle cerebral artery thrombosis. In cases 1 and 2 small post-malacic lacunes were found in the basal part of the pons. In case 3 the lesion was located in the pyramidal tract within the pons and medulla. In all cases advanced arteriosclerotic changes were observed. "Lacunar stroke" can result from a lesion of both the pons and the medulla. The clinical syndrome may be engendered also by selective lesion of the pyramidal tract. PMID- 1223802 TI - Spasmolytic effect of 4-valeryl 4-(3-chlorophenyl) 1-[3-(4-methylpiperazine) propyl)-piperidine trihydrochloride. AB - The purpose of this work was to check the effect of 4-valeryl 4-(3--chlorophenyl) 1-[3-(4-methylpiperazine)-propyl]-piperidine, a new synthetic piperidine derivative, on the activity of smooth musculature of guinea pig isolated intestine. Direct and indirect myolytic action of this compound was found. PMID- 1223803 TI - Studies on the cumulation of the toxic effect of indomethacin. AB - The cumulative toxicity of alpha and gamma forms of crystalline indomethacin was studied on Wistar rats treated with these compounds in increasing doses for 24- 32 days. The toxic effect of alpha and gamma forms is significantly cumulative. When administration of indomethacin is many times repeated doses 3--4 times lower than those applied once are sufficient to cause death. Indomethacin causes ulcers of small intestinal and cecal mucosa, with perforation. The alpha and gamma crystalline forms of indomethacin did not differ in the degree of cumulation of the toxic effect and intensity of morphological lesions. PMID- 1223804 TI - Effect of phenytoin on succinic dehydrogenase activity in rat cerebellum. AB - Phenytoin was asministered to rats per os in the dose 110 mg/kg for 6 months in order to check its effect on cerebellar succinic dehydrogenase activity. The latter appeared to be unchanged, even in those cerebellar structures which showed features of alteration. PMID- 1223805 TI - Uremic lung lesions as a form of chronic edema. AB - Biochemical uremia lasting two weeks was developed in five dogs. It appeared light and electron microscopically that the uremic pulmonary lesions consisted in atelectasis and edema and were more advanced in the inferior paravertebral and parahilar parts of the lung. On the basis of electron microscopic findings it could be assumed that the peripheral respiratory segments (alveolar saccules) are the first to be involved in the process. In partially aerated alveolar ducts condensed edema fluid was found on the surface of recently produced edema fluid of low electron density. This condensed layer seems to originate from more peripheral segments and to be pushed passively upwards. Such processes can be interpreted as a preliminary stage of hyaline membrane formation in experimental uremia. PMID- 1223806 TI - The lumen of iliac arteries in normal and pathological conditions. AB - Two hundred corrosion preparations of iliac arteries were made with polyester resins of known polymerization contraction. The measurements were taken with the accuracy of 0.1 mm, at the initial and final segment of the cast of the studied vessel. Because of the oval shape of the vascular lumen the greatest and smallest sizes were measured at the same level. The lumen of normal iliac arteries appeared to be almost round, the surface of the cast was even and smooth and the vessels ran a straight course. The lumen of pathologically changed arteries showed abnormalities of shape, constrictions and dilatations, the course of vessels was tortuous. The size of the lumen of common and external iliac arteries gradually increases with age, being always larger in men than in women. No such relationship was found as regard the internal iliac arteries. These results may be useful in the interpretation of angiograms and in establishing of indications for surgery. PMID- 1223807 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in SFD newborn babies. AB - The IgG, IgA and IgM levels were determined by the technique of radial immunodiffusion of Mancini et al. in 40 SFD and 30 normal control newborn infants. The mean value of IgG concentrations was found to be raised but without statistical significance when compared with control. On the contrary the increased mean amounts of IgM were statistically significant. PMID- 1223808 TI - Lymphocytotoxines frequency and HL-A typing in "small for date" children. AB - Nineteen mothers and their children, aged from 1--24 months born as "small for date" (SFD) were investigated. The lymphocytotoxicity test performed in the SFD mothers showed in comparison with the control group differences near the borderline of statistical significance. HL-A-1, or A-l with A-10 was more often found in SFD, than in control children. PMID- 1223809 TI - Multiple immune serum injections in prevention of murine "L-1210" leukemia growth. AB - Adult BDF1 and DBA/2J mice were inoculated i.p. with "L-1210" leukemia cells and then received i.p. control or immune sera raised in C27B1/6 and BALB/c mice. Undiluted sera were administered in single or multiple doses ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 ml/mouse on day 0., resp. 0., 2-4, and 7. In BDF1 hybrids permanent survivals (greater than 150 days) and distinct prolongation of the mean survival time (MST) after multiple injections were observed. However, normal serum derived from non immunized C57B1/6 donors was also demonstrated to provide protection when injected three times. In DBA/2J recipients no permanent survivals were observed. In this mouse strain control sera proved ineffective. On the contrary, immune sera enabled the recipients to survive longer and this prolongation proved to be statistically significant (p less than 0.02). Partial natural immunity against "L 1210" leukemia in BDF1 hybrids must be, therefore, postulated. It is probably due to H-2-locus incompatibility versus "L-1210" cells, inherited from the C57B1/6 ancetor-line. Unknown factors which are present in normal serum seem to potientiate this natural resistance. In compatible DBA/2J mice normal serum constituents were ineffective, on the other hand, however, the effectiveness of specific immune factors directed against target cells of the tumor could be demonstrated in them PMID- 1223810 TI - Pharmacological properties of a new derivative of piperidine: 4-acetyl-4-(3 chlorphenyl)-1-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-piperidine dihydrochloride, designated S1. AB - The effect of 4-acetyl-4-(3-chlorphenyl)-1-3'-dimethylaminopropyl)- -piperidine dihydrochloride on central nervous system, cardio-vasculary system and isolated organs of experimental animals was checked. Its analgesic and spasmalotytic properties were evaluated and the acute toxicity -- determined. PMID- 1223811 TI - Electron microscopic studies on cells isolated from aorta of newborn and adult rabbits. AB - Cells from aortas of newborn and adult rabbits were liberated by digestion with trypsin and collagenase. More than 90% of them were viable at the end isolation. Isolated cells were used for electron microscopic examination. In the material obtained from aortas of newborn rabbits endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were present. In material from adult rabbits two kinds of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, several varieties of myocytes, fat-laden macrophages and typical foam cells were found. Various forms of myocytes seem to represent different functional stages or specialized kinds of these cells. The presence of fat laden macrophages and foam cells in the aortas of healthy adult rabbits may support the view that these cellular changes so far considered as typical of atherosclerosis are common and may be treated as an exponent of natural process of aging of vascular wall. PMID- 1223812 TI - Effect of exercise on the lipid content, lipid fatty acid composition and morphology of myocardial and skeletal muscles in rat. AB - The effect of exercise on the morphology of the myocardial and skeletal muscle, total lipid content and lipid fatty acid composition was checked in rats fed a rapeseed oil-containing diet. The graded exercise was found to reduce the growth rate of animals. Myocardial fatty degeneration was less intense and erucic acid content lower in trained rats fed a diet with 50% kcal of rapessed oil than the untrained ones. The opposite was true when rapeseed oil supplied 30% of calories. Histiocytic granulomata were more numerous in trained rats. Exercise failed to affect the accumulation of erucic acid in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1223813 TI - Ultrastructure of rat myocardium after feeding a diet with low--erucic acid rapeseed oil. AB - Electron microscopy was applied to study the myocardium of rats fed a diet with sunflower oil (group I), low-erucic acid rapeseed oil (group II), or high-erucic acid rapeseed oil (group III). The most severe lesions were found in group III. The rats fed sunflower oil showed slight lesions in the form of dilated channels of endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of a few lipid droplets. Similar abnormalities were found in group II, they were followed, however, after four and eight weeks of experiment by considerable mitochondriosis with compression and atrophy of sarcomeres. In group III considerable myocardial fatty degeneration (numerous lipid vacuoles) was found already after the first week of experiment, after four and eight weeks, however, the number of lipid vacuoles gradually decreased with time. Like group II group III showed considerable mitochondriosis with atrophy of contractile elements. PMID- 1223814 TI - Ultrastructure of the capillaries of the reproductive system in female rabbits with alloxan diabetes. AB - Capillaries of the reproductive system of non-pregnant female rabbits with experimental alloxan diabetes show a slight but extensive thickening of the basement membrane. It seems to be the consequence of diabetes. The observed vascular lesions may influence the function of the reproductive system. PMID- 1223815 TI - Studies on acute lung lymphatic edema. AB - The outflow from lymphatic vessels running along with the right cardinal bronchus was interrupted in six dogs by the removal of the corresponding hilar lymph nodes. After 6-8 days the right lung showed slight subpleural areas of atelectasis and edema. Edema of endothelial cells of the lung septal capilaries was observed electron-microscopically. This lesion is similar to the findings in cases of mitral stenosis. PMID- 1223816 TI - Non-homogeneity of serum leucine arylamidase (LAP) activity in hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice. AB - In 40 patients with hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice and in 20 healthy subjects the pattern of serum leucine arylamidase (LAP) isoenzymes was determined. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for demonstration of enzyme non-homogeneity. It was found that the main enzyme activity in healthy subjects was connected with postalbumins. In some healthy subjects and additional zone of activity was observed in beta lipoproteins. Only exceptionally 3- and 4 fraction enzymograms were found in healthy subjects. Additional activity zones were present in these subjects in the alpha2 macroglobulin region or in the region of slowly migrating haptoglobins. In hepatocellular jaundice, i.e. in viral hepatitis, the total serum LAP activity increased slightly. In the enzymogram this increase was localized in the postalbumin fraction and caused also appearance of additional, sporadically occurring isoenzymes migrating with rapidly moving haptoglobins. In obstructive jaundice of benign or malignant etiology the total serum enzyme activity rose strikingly. In most patients a 6 fraction enzymogram was found. The activity of postalbumin isoenzyme was particularly increased, while no changes were observed in the remaining activity zones sporadically occurring in healthy subjects and in hepatocellular jaundice. PMID- 1223817 TI - Non-homogeneity of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in certain diseases of the liver and bile ducts investigated by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. AB - In 47 patients with hepatocellular or obstructive jaundice and 20 healthy controls the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern was determined by means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. It was demonstrated that the main activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in healthy subjects was connected with beta globulins while beta lipoproteins contained only traces of this activity. In hepatocellular jaundice during viral hepatitis only a slight rise was found of the activities of isoenzymes present in healthy subjects, and no zones of additional activity were found. In obstructive jaundice of benign as well malignant etiology the beta lipoprotein zone increased also significantly, moreover an additional activity zone was revealed moving in the gel together with alpha2macroglobulins. In 40% of cases of obstructive jaundice caused by metastatic malignant neoplasms in the liver a 4-fraction isoenzyme pattern of AP was demonstrated with additional activity in the haptoglobin zone. PMID- 1223818 TI - Preliminary results of examination of the large bowel with the colonoscope. AB - In 20 patients the colon was inspected with a CF-LB "Olympus" coloscope. The most frequent indication for colonoscopy were doubtful radiological changes in the colon requiring differential diagnosis. Thirteen patients were examined trying to inspect the whole colon and in 9 cases the cecum was reached after 10 to 60 min. In 3 cases colonoscopy demonstrated presence of colonic carcinoma (two tumors located in the cecum), and in 4 other cases this possibility was ruled out and it was possible, thus, to avoid exploratory laparotomy. PMID- 1223819 TI - Quantitative angiocardiography--evaluation of left ventricular function in mitral stenosis. AB - Investigations of left ventricular function were carried out in 59 patients with mitral stenosis and 8 healthy subjects by means of one-plane quantitative angiocardiography. A statistically significant increase of the left-ventricular systolic volume was observed in patients (x=74.9 +/- 29,8 ml) as compared with the control group (x=35.2 +/- 12,7 ml), the systolic ejection fraction decreased (patients: x=49% +/- 12, controls: x=74% +/-3), similarly as the stroke volume (patients x=74.8 +/- 29.6 ml, controls: x=104 +/- 42 ml). The diastolic volume of the left ventricle was similar in both groups (patients: x=143 +/- 43 ml, controls: x=134 +/- 47.9 ml). A significant decrease of the systolic ejection fraction and an increase of the systolic volume of the ventricle were observed with higher grades of mitral stenosis evaluated according to the classification of the New York Heart Association. A negative correlation was demonstrated between the systolic volume of the left ventricle and the systolic ejection fraction (r=-0.707) and the work of the left ventricle (r=-0.237). On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between the left-ventricular work and the systolic ejection fraction (r=+0.227). The results indicate unequivocally impairment of left ventricular function in mitral stenosis and a considerable role played in it by the myocardial factor. PMID- 1223820 TI - Value of polycardiographic investigations as compared with direct methods in evaluation of left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease. AB - In 69 patients with ischemic heart disease the left ventricular functional state, especially contraction disturbances, was assessed by means of direct methods and polycardiographic measurements. The patients were divided into groups depending on the number of vessels affected by atheromatosis. In direct measurements the following values were determined: the rate of rise of intraventricular pressure- dP/dt max., the interval t-dP/dt max, the index (see article). In polycardiographic determinations the isovolumetric contraction time (ICI), the pre-ejection period (PEP) and the coefficient consisting of PEP in the numerator and ejection time (ET) in the denominator (PEP/ET) were calculated. The degree of changes in direct and polycardiographic parameters depended on the number of vessels affected by the atherosclerotic process. The index (see article) was most sensitive to changes in the contractility. The correlation was statistically significant for all parameters compared in the group of patients with lesions in three coronary arteries and myocardial infarction. In the remaining groups the correlations differed and a statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between particular parameters. The correlation was best between direct measurements and ICT and the PEP/ET index. PMID- 1223821 TI - Plasma renin activity in patients with chronic cor pulmonale syndrome. AB - In 22 patients with chronic cor pulmonale syndrome plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined at rest and after stimulation by means of intravenous injection of furosemide. In 50% of cases PRA was raised exceeding 250 ng/100 ml/3 hours. The systemic arterial pressure in these patients was normal. The degree of PRA increase after stimulation was lower than in healthy subjects. PMID- 1223822 TI - Lung scanning using microspheres labeled with radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic results in pulmonary malignant neoplasms. AB - In 25 patients with malignant pulmonary neoplasms 38 scintiscanning investigations were carried out using the method of albumin microspheres labeled with 131I, technetium -99 m, or indium -113 m and macrocolloids of ferric hydroxide labeled with 113mIn. In 10 patients with infiltration of the main or lobar bronchi scintiscanning demonstrated in 9 cases complete absence of perfusion of one lung. In these cases routine radiological investigations demonstrated normal perfusion and aeration of lung parenchyma in the involved lung. Among 13 cases of carcinoma situated in segmental or subsegmental bronchi the areas with absent perfusion were in 7 cases larger than changes observed during radiological examination. Scintiscanning investigations were used also for evaluation of therapeutic results of synchronized chemotherapy in malignant neoplasms of this organ. Scintiscanning is a method well tolerated by the patients and it may be performed repeatedly in the same case for evaluation changes in perfusion disturbances caused by malignant lung neoplasms. It may be helpful in choice of a proper method of treatment. PMID- 1223823 TI - Rashkind's operation in treatment of complete transposition of the great vessels in the newborn and infants. AB - The study is a result of many years investigations of a large pediatric team consisting of physicians from various specialities on the methods of management in cases of transposition of greater arterial vessels. Trials of surgical treatment requiring thoracotomy in the newborn with severe cardiorespiratory failure gave no good results. In recent years 65 operations of atrioseptostomy without thoracotomy were carried out during cardiac catheterization. In nearly half the cases improvement of the general condition was obtained with survival for several months or even over one year, but close supervision was required and the children were being prepared for more radical cardiosurgical operations. PMID- 1223824 TI - Effect of asparagine and arginine on the repair of isoprenaline-damaged myocardium of rat. AB - The effect of asparagine and arginine on the repair of isoprenaline-damaged myocardium was studied. In group I (treated with isoprenaline) the rats developed large foci of myocardial damage filled by connective tissue after 14 days. Similar changes were observed in group II (isoprenaline + asparagine). In group III of rats treated with isoprenaline and arginine the number of foci of injury and their size were smaller, and only a few small foci fibrosis were found after 14 days. Arginine seems to protect the rat myocardium from isoprenaline-induced damage. The repair by connective tissue is supplemented by compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fibers. PMID- 1223825 TI - Regeneration of crushed skeletal muscles in experimental animals and the effect of leucine on the course of this process in white rat. AB - The dynamics of regeneration of crushed skeletal muscles in rabbits and rats were studied. In both species the course of regeneration was similar, leading to partial reconstruction of muscle tissue. Experiments on the influence of leucine on regeneration of skeletal muscles in white rats showed that this amino acid stimulates and shortens the process of regeneration. PMID- 1223826 TI - Cardiac and aortic lesions in chronic experimental poisoning with mercury vapors. AB - The nature of the toxic influence of mercury and its effect on the cardio vascular system are not well understood. In chronic poisoning with metallic mercury and its compounds, circulatory disorders have been observed in patients. The problem whether metallic mercury damages the endocardium and myocardium directly or indirectly through vascular changes or vegetative system stimulation remains unsolved. A study was undertaken in which a group of experimental rabbits was exposed to the chronic action of mercury vapors by inhalation and compared with a control group. Before the experiment and towards its end, ECG were taken and 24-hr urinary excretion of mercury was determined in both groups. After 3 months the animals were autopsied, and fragments of myocardium, papillary muscles, endocardium and ascending aorta were taken for histopathologic investigation. In the poisoned animals, the ECG tracings showed bradycardia. Morphologic lesions had the character of thrombosis in small and medium-caliber blood vessels, necrotic foci, thickening of the endocardium of the papillary muscles and perivalvular region and endothelial proliferation with inflammatory foci. The results indicate that, besides influencing the vegetative system, mercury vapor damages the endocardium directly and produces vascular lesions resulting in myocardial changes. PMID- 1223827 TI - Electron microscopic lesions of the myocardium of rats fed a low-magnesium diet. AB - Electron and light microscopic examination of the myocardium of rats fed a low magnesium diet showed swelling of mitochondria with disintegration and degeneration of the mitochondrial cristae, focal fragmentation of the myocardial fibers, their focal fuchsinophilia and necrosis. These abnormalities were associated with deposition of calcium salts in the degenerated muscle fibers, their mitochondria as well as in the ground substance of connective tissue. PMID- 1223828 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension--a study of disturbances in circulatory hemodynamics and ventilatory function of the lungs. AB - Investigations of the hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation, right and left heart venticle and ventilatory function of the lungs were carried out in a group of 12 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. The results were discussed in the light of data obtained in a group of 16 patients with chronic cor pulmonale syndrome and 16 healthy subjects. It was found that patients with primary pulmonary hypertension show a markedly raised pressure in the pulmonary artery mean pressure x = 60.3 +/- 24.2 mm Hg, in the right ventricle (systolic pressure x = 90.6 +/- 27.9 mm Hg, end-diastolic pressure x = 11.7 +/- 4.3 mm Hg), very high total pulmonary vascular resistance (x = 1571 +/- dynes. sec. cm-5) and increased work of right ventricle (x = 2.3 +/- 1.5 kgm/min/m2). In patients with chronic cor pulmonale syndrome the load on the right ventricle was much lower. The indices determining left ventricle function as a pump indicated that this function was impaired, with lower cardiac index (x = 2.1 +/- 0.8 1/min/m2), stroke volume (x = 41.7 +/- 17.2 ml) and left ventricular work (x = 2.7 +/- 1.1 kgm/min/m2). These changes might, however, be due also to impaired blood flow into the left ventricle. In contrast to patients with chronic cor pulmonale syndrome, the indices of ventilatory function of the lungs were normal or only slightly decreased. No significant correlations were observed between hemodynamic indices of pulmonary circulation and right ventricle and the parameters of the ventilatory function of the lungs. PMID- 1223829 TI - Free adrenaline, noradrenaline and vanilylmandelic acid excretion with 24-hour urine in patients with chronic circulatory failure. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the excretion of free adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) and vanilylmandelic acid (VMA) in 24-hour urine in patients with chronic circulatory failure. The investigations were carried out in a group of 152 patients (61 women and 91 men) with rheumatic valvular heart disease (61 cases), chronic cor pulmonale syndrome (23), atherosclerotic myocardial degeneration (68). A and NA urinary excretion was normal in cases with grades 1 and 2 of hemodynamic disturbances. In cases with grades 3 and 4 the excretion of catecholamines was significantly raised, especially that of NA. With regression of circulatory failure the excretion of catecholamines decreased even to normal level. Increased VMA excretion was observed only in cases with grade 4 hemodynamic disturbances. The only factor influencing the function of the adrenergic system and excretion of catecholamines was the degree of circulatory failure. Stimulation of adrenergic system in chronic circulatory failure counteracts the effects of hemodynamic disturbances caused by circulatory failure. PMID- 1223830 TI - Insulin secretion in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with lipostabil. AB - In 12 patients with chronic hepatitis the carbohydrate tolerance and insulin secretion after intravenous and oral glucose loading were determined before and after lipostabil treatment. A significant rise of fasting insulinemia and hypersecretion of insulin after intravenous glucose loading were observed. After oral glucose loading the rise of insulinemia was significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls, despite a greater increase in glycemia. Administration of lipostabil for 2 weeks failed to exert any significant effect on carbohydrate intolerance and disturbances in insulin secretion, which were present in patients with chronic hepatitis. PMID- 1223831 TI - Correlation of liver function and morphological abnormalities in mitral stenosis. AB - In 50 patients with mitral stenosis in the stage of maximal clinical improvement a correlation between the functional state of liver and the morphological changes was estblished. For this purpose the serum total bilirubin concentration was determined together with the serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, leucylaminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. The bromsulphalein test, provoked hypoprothrombinemia test, and histological examination of liver biopsy specimens were made. It was found that with increasing liver morphological lesions there is a gradual but not parallel impairment of function. The most sensitive index of hepatic functional disturbances was the test of provoked hypoprothrombinemia according to Kirchmayer and Bromowiczowa. For full assessment of the degree to which the changes in the congested liver have advanced it is necessary to perform liver function tests in combination with histological examination of the organ. PMID- 1223832 TI - Sphincterotomy and postsurgical mortality after operations on the common bile duct. AB - In the light of an analysis of 692 operations on the common bile duct performed at the Department of General Surgery, Bielanski Hospital in Warsaw, the author evaluated the postoperative mortality after these operations. Association of sphincterotomy with other procedures on the bile ducts does not increase the postoperative mortality, but the causes of death in cases with incision of the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla are connected mainly with the operation while in the remaining operations these causes are connected with more general factors. Acute postoperative pancreatitis takes the first place as the cause of death after sphincterotomy. PMID- 1223833 TI - Clinical manifestations and genetic aspects of true microcephaly. AB - Thirty-five cases of true microcephaly were found in a group of 3192 children with severe mental retardation in special institutions. In comparison to the general population the individuals with this congenital anomaly have not only much smaller dimensions of the cerebral cranium but also of the splanchnic cranium, although in a less significant degree. Body height and weight were found to be smaller as well. The neurological findings included, most frequently, slight abnormalities, in some cases hemiparesis was present. In the radiological findings an evident disproportion was observed between the cerebral and the facial parts of the cranium. A constant finding was mental retardation which was either profound or severe. True microcephaly is inherited as a recessive autosomal trait. The incidence of this condition in the Polish population is 28526 X 10(-6). The incidence of mutation of this gene is 14262 X 10(-6). PMID- 1223834 TI - Cytogenetic investigations in cases of multiple developmental anomalies in children. AB - The authors studied 59 children including 48 with multiple developmental anomalies and 11 with disturbances of sexual development. In 11 cases (18.6%) the following chromosomal abnormalities were found: in 5 cases of Down's syndrome, 3 cases of full trisomy G, 1 case of 46XX/47XYG+ mosaicism, and in 1 case translocation 46XYD--G--t (DqGq)+. In 3 cases Turner's syndrome was present, with 45XG in 2 cases and 45XO/46XX in the 3rd case. Klinefelter's syndrome was disclosed in 1 case (47XXY), true hermaphroditism with mosaicism 45XO/46XX in one case, and Edwards' syndrome in 1 case with 47XYE+. Multiple chromosome breaks were found in 2 children. In the remaining 46 cases cytogenetic investigations of lymphocyte cultures stained (without using the banding technique) failed to demonstrate any differences in the number and structure of the chromosomes. The following groups were isolated in this material: 8 cases (13.6%) of gene mutation determining systemic defects (homocystinuria, chondrodystrophy, and two cases of intestinal polyposis, adrenogenital syndrome and hereditary osteocartilagineous exostoses each), 6 cases of malformations of hereditary origin (10.2%)-- and 32 cases with negative family history (54.2%). In 12 cases of the last group (37.2%) a history of various teratogenic factors acting during pregnancy was elicited (viral and protozoan infections, drugs and other chemicals, quantitative and qualitative malnutrition, hypoxia, mechanical trauma, vibration). PMID- 1223835 TI - The course of treatment in schizophrenia in relation to the presence of affective disturbances. AB - The frequency and type of affective disturbances developing in schizophrenia were evaluated and their relationship to the course of the disease and results of treatment was analyzed. The studied material comprised 67 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, treated in hospital in 1973. The depressive and paranoid scores of Jaroszynski were used for evaluation of patients. Affective disturbances were found in nearly all cases, depressive symptoms being most frequent. The development or increasing intensity of depression could only partly be attributed to the action of neuroleptic drugs. No difference was found in the clinical pattern of affective distrubances between paranoid and cyclic schizophrenia. In the paranoid-depressive syndromes the best therapeutic results were obtained in cases with decreased complex activities and psychic inhibition. Neuroleptic drugs possessing some thymoleptic properties were used in treatment of these cases, sometimes in combination with tricyclic antidepressants. The results were in cases with significant anxiety, inhibition and depressive attitude towards the prevailing situation. Paranoid productive symptoms appeared in this group sometimes during treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 1223836 TI - Intellectual efficiency and symptoms of the schizophrenic process. AB - The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of psychosis on the intellectual efficiency in psychotic patients. The scores obtained by schizophrenics tested according to the Wechsler-Bellevue scale were correlated with psychopathological symptoms established during psychiatric examination. The group included 55 patients (18 women and 37 men). The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The following correlations were disclosed: 1) a correlation between the results of Wechsler scale scores and sex as well as the educational level, 2) a more pronounced correlation between the presence of psychotic productions and the results of the performance scale (in relation to verbal scale), 3) higher variability of scores in the verbal scale than in the performances scale, 4) lack of correlation between the age, the age of onset and the results. PMID- 1223837 TI - [Pleural biopsies: complications and current value of Abram's needle biopsy. Apropos of 1,000 samples. Value of pleuroscopic biopsy]. AB - The frequency of incidents resulting from Abrams needle biopsy is very low provided certain contraindications are respected : pneumothorax, 3.1% of cases ; hemorrhages, 1.3% ; neoplastic contamination of the bioptic tract, 1.9%. Serious accidents are rare. We only observed 2 serious hemorrhages, one in 1964, the other in 1968. In the latter case, the pleural hemorrhage caused a very serious respiratory insufficiency. The delayed functional reaction is still not well known. However the occurrence of immediate accidents could reflect on radiological sequelae. The value of this examination seems today to decrease slightly at the same time as the frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis decreases. Indeed pulmonary tuberculosis is the main indication for this method because of the history and because of the possibility of culture on Loewenstein medium. In cancer, needle biopsy has two drawbacks, that of being blind and yielding only small samples, while pleuroscopy is free of them. In a series of 77 examinations including 45 cancers, the positivity reached 80%. In only 2 cases did pleuroscopy give a falsely positive result. In the remaining cases there was no neoplastic invasion of the pleura. PMID- 1223838 TI - [Pleural puncture needle biopsy]. AB - Two hundred and thirty patients with pleurisy had pleural biopsy done by Castelain needle. This examination was positive in 85.7% of cases in tuberculous pleurisies and in 50% of cases in neoplastic pleurisies. The yield of needle pleural biopsy is higher in these two cases than in bacteriology and pleural cytology. The low rate of incidents and accidents (5.5%) widens the scope of needle pleural biopsy in non purulent pleurisy. PMID- 1223839 TI - [Pulmonary biopsy with Steel's needle. Practical value]. AB - Eighty-seven biopsies were performed on 76 patients with the pneumatic trephine of Steel: -- 87% of biopsies were interpretable; -- 22% of fragments revealed only unspecific lesions or normal lung tissue; -- 65% of samples gave a credible histological diagnosis. Occurring incidents were mostly pneumothorax (41%) usually minor ones. In only 2 patients was drainage necessary. The superiority of the Steel method over the others arises from its usefulness in diffuse pneumopathies and its being better tolerated. PMID- 1223840 TI - [Indications for mediastinoscopy]. AB - Mediastinoscopy is a surgical examination exploring the anterior and superior mediastinum for diagnosing and localizing lesions, after taking such precautions as the elimination of vascular lesions. The indications are : interbronchial and intertracheobronchial opacities ; polylobulated mediastinal opacities ; the isolated opacity (in case of inconclusive mediastinoscopy, operate straight away) ; pulmonary lesions : to look for mediastinal node untraceable on X-ray. In the particular case of a broncho-pulmonary cancer, if it is anaplastic, mediastinoscopy is useful to determine diagnosis and contra-indications ; in other bronchial cancers, there are contra-indications in the case of bilateral invasion and blocking of mediastinal organs. Surgery is advised in case of hypertrophied though negative lymph nodes. PMID- 1223841 TI - [Results of mediastinoscopy]. AB - The authors study the results of a series of 536 mediastinoscopies performed by P. Humbert. Out of 239 mediastinal tumours, 206 had a history done. Out of 200 bronchial cancers, 123 pathological diagnosis were made. The recommendation of mediastinoscopy in bronchial cancers is discussed. Joining their experiences. P. humbert and H. Longefait report a positive percentage of 86% out of 902 examinations. PMID- 1223842 TI - [Surgical biopsies of the lung]. AB - Open-chest biopsy performed by an experienced team is a safe way of obtaining samples of suitable size. It is recommended in diffuse pulmonary diseases whose etiology could not be identified by the usual diagnostic means. Pulmonary needle biopsy is a blind method not without risks and should always be performed in the vicinity of a chest surgical unit. Nevertheless it can be considered an initial diagnostic step, followed if unsuccessful by an open-chest biopsy. PMID- 1223843 TI - [Open chest pleuro-pulmonary biopsies. Study of optimal conditions for sampling (apropos of 141 cases)]. AB - One hundred and fourteen pulmonary biopsies were performed to diagnose diffuse pulmonary diseases. Diagnosis was made in 98% of cases. Biopsy requires very methodic rules for the sampling and its utilization. These rules are reported. PMID- 1223844 TI - [Surgical pulmonary biopsy under local anesthesia and its results (based on 93 cases)]. AB - The authors report 93 observations during which OCB were performed under local anesthesia. They insist on the validity of the method which can be used on fragile patients or on those with respiratory insufficiency for whom an exploring thoracotomy would be contra-indicated. Incidents were minor and momentary (pneumothorax, pleural reaction). It is mostly in diffuse lesions of miliary and fibrotic nature that this technique was used to identify various lesions : silicosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, histiocytosis, etc... In a third of the cases, lesions were not specific and could not be definitely identified in parieto-alveolar fibrosis or inflammatory alveolitis. PMID- 1223845 TI - [Note on the complications of pleural needle biopsy: neoplastic seeding of the wall (apropos of 300 effusions and 440 puncture biopsies)]. AB - Out of 440 pleural biopsies done with Abrams or Castelain needle, performed over 11 years in 300 pleural effusions, only 14 incidents of accidents occurred. There were 9 minor ones (intrapleural bleeding, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoserosa by aspiration). Neoplastic graft along the biopsy tract was observed in 5 cases, of which 4 were primitive malignant mesotheliomas and one a primitive appearing neoplastic pleurisy. The risk of parietal neoplastic seeding runs high in malignant mesothelioma, considering that 11 such cases were included in this series of biopsied patients. This risk is not specific to plaural biopsy and can be encountered in simple thoracentesis. This complication therefore is not a contra-indication to needle biopsy as it is only observed in diseases beyond surgical redemption. PMID- 1223846 TI - [Biopsies in pneumology]. AB - The techniques of different bioptic and cytological examinations performed in pneumology are presented. The various indications for these biopsies in pulmonary, pleural and mediastinal pathology are considered. Interpretation of results leads to a precise diagnosis and to diagnostic information on lesions otherwise difficult to define. In some cases conclusions cannot be reached because of the insignificant changes observed on too small samples. PMID- 1223847 TI - [Biopsies in pneumology: pleuroscopies-biopsies]. AB - From already published cases and from those recently obtained (511 in all) the authors recollect their experience in lung biopsy : in 426 cases, a precise diagnosis was made by different methods. After having statistically analyzed the validity of pleuropulmonary multipuncture by comparison with pleuroscopy-biopsy, they underlined the necessity to use, in the latter technique, a flexible fibroscope, much used in bronchoscopy. They conclude in classifying the indications for each method in relation to the topography and the type of disease. PMID- 1223848 TI - [Pulmonary needle biopsy in children]. AB - Pulmonary biopsy done with a needle of circular bore, can be performed on very young children. A sample of tissue, big enough to establish a precise diagnosis in 2/3 of cases, can be obtained. The main complication is pneumothorax occuring about once in five. Hemoptysia or hemorrhage has never been observed. A proposed indication of premortem biopsy accelerated the death of a child with congenital pulmonary fibrosis. The search of a diagnosis in diffuse pulmonary diseases is the major indication for pulmonary biopsy in the child. PMID- 1223849 TI - [Pleural biopsies]. AB - The author reports his experience in needle pleural biopsies performed on 106 patients, confirming the value of this examination for pleural tuberculosis. PMID- 1223850 TI - Chronic bronchitis. PMID- 1223851 TI - Sinusitis. PMID- 1223852 TI - Respiratory-tract infections in the tropics. PMID- 1223853 TI - Influenza--a communal disease. PMID- 1223854 TI - Visual complications of polymyalgia rheumatica (polymyalgia arteritica). AB - Four case histories are reported in which patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (polymyalgia arteritic) developed evidence of cranial arteritis (in one case two years and in one six months) following withdrawal of steroid therapy after apparent cure. In three cases partial or complete loss of sight has resulted. Steroid therapy should not only be introduced rapidly at appropriate dosage levels as soon as the diagnosis is made but should not be reduced or discontinued prematurely. PMID- 1223855 TI - Phenylbutazone and anticoagulant control. AB - Three patients in whom serious haemorrhagic complications occurred as a result of interaction of phenylbutazone with warfarin are described. A suggestion as to how this could be avoided is put forward. PMID- 1223856 TI - An emergency medical service. PMID- 1223857 TI - Sensible prescribing. XII.--The cost of prescribing. PMID- 1223858 TI - [Editorial: The tasks of teaching of a medical society (author's transl)]. PMID- 1223859 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of the rupture of the meniscus of the knee. Auxiliary maneuver without contrast medium. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - Some times the diagnosis of injuries of the semilunar cartilages of the knee joint is very difficult and special studies are required like arthrography or arthroscopy needing previous training. The author states a simple manouver to obtain anteroposterior simple X-rays with valgus and varus forced position on the knee joint. Its possible to observe some times intraarticular gas in the knee joint (vacuum image) and this represents a tear of the meniscus as confirmed by surgery. PMID- 1223860 TI - [Thrombosis of the suprahepatic veins (Budd-Chiari syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - The suprahepatic veins occlusion or Budd-Chiari syndrome is an infrequent disease which etiology is very hard to obtain. In this paper the authors present the clinical case of a 26 years old female with epigastric pain, ascites, and vomite, iniciated just one month after her parturition and of six months evolution. 28 days after the admission the patient died and the post-mortem study showed complete obstruction of the suprahepatic veins by well organized thrombi. The authors point-out that the interrelation between this syndrome and the parturition is more frecquent than with the use of oral contraceptive drugs. PMID- 1223861 TI - [Evaluation of the gastrocolic space in 100 cases of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - From 152 cases of acute pancreatitis treated at the intensive care unit of the Hospital General de Mexico, the authors selected 100 in which they found radiological evidence of acute pancreatitis in fact to correlate those signs lonely or associated and to investigate their frecuency. The fundamental radiological signs found by the authors were: 1. Gastrocolic separation in simple abdominal X-ray film. 2. Sign of colon interrupted. 3. Centinel handle. 4. Stomach displaced, and 5. Generalized peritoneal reaction. The authors concluded that the simple abdominal X-ray film is of great aid because its positiveness in 90% cases. This is the first time in which the mentioned signs are shown statistically. In this paper are presented illustrative outlines and different X ray films of clinical cases confirmed by surgery or post-mortem examination. It is enfatized the value of the gastrocolic separation in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 1223862 TI - [Terazolidone in enteral infections in pediatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1223863 TI - [Investigations of the working capacity of children 7 to 10 years old (author's transl)]. AB - The investigations performed have aimed at explaining how the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to exertion occurs in 7 to 10 years old children, and whatthe level of working capacity in this age group is in girls and boys, and also what relationship there is between the level of working capacity and such morphological parameters as body weight, body height and body surface area, and to elucidate whether systematic swimming, instead of traditional physical education lessons, exerts an influence on the level of working capacity of children in this age group. All 7 to 10 years old female and male pupils of the Primary School No. 183 in Warsaw were examined. In total 131 children were examined, among them 67 boys and 64 girls. Only healthy children were examined. The examinations were carried out in the school premises from November 1971 to February 1972. 30 boys were examined with greater accuracy at the Academy of Medicine. The examinations were carried out on ergometer bicycle assessing the adaptation to exertion and physical work capacity during three various submaximal exercises. The working time during each exercise depended on the achievement of a steady state and lasted 6-8 minute on average. The magnitude of the load burden was ajusted individually for every child according to its working capacity. The adaptation of the cardiovascular system to exertion was assessed by virtue of the analysis of the course of the changes in heart rate and the arterial blood pressure. The adaptation of the respiratory system to exertion was assessed by virtue of measuring the number of respirations, minute lung ventilation and the respiratory quotient, determined during three submaximal exercises in an open system. Physical working capacity was determined according to Sjostrand-Wahlund's method (PWC170). In all children examined the changes in the cardiovascular system during work were linear. To the same amount of work the boys reacted by a lower heart rate than girls. The children responded to the work performed by a low increase in systolic pressure and a small decrease of diastolic pressure. In the fifth minute of the rest after work the heart rate resumed rest values or was lower than these values. At the same time the systolic arterial pressure resumed the initial state, but a slight decrease of the diastolic pressure was maintained for over five minutes of rest. PMID- 1223864 TI - [Cytohormonal picture of the vaginal epithelium in girls with premature pubic hair (author's transl)]. AB - The study has aimed at assessing the cytohormonal picture of the vaginal epithelium of girls in whom the appearance of "pubarche" before the period of physiological sexual maturation was first perceivable symptom of disease or of the influence of the influence of exogenous hormones. The observation involved 16 girls hospitalized at the Pediatric Clinical Department or the Oncological Clinical Department or were remaining under the care of the Endocrinological Dispensary of the National Research Institute for Mother and Child, in whom "pubarche" appeared at the age of 1-7 1/2 years. Vaginal smears were the material for the present study. The estimation of the cytohormonal pictures of the vaginal epithelium together with the clinical symptoms and the laboratory analyses enabled the author to draw the following conclusions: 1. There may be diverse causes of the appearance of premature pubic hair. 2. In girls, in whom "pubarche" was the first symptom of precocious sexual maturation induced by the central nervous system, in most cases pituitary gonadotropins were found in the urine and the cytohormonal picture of the vaginal epithelium showed an oestrogenic reaction. 3. In the case of premature pubic hair of unexplained etiology the cytohormonal picture of the vaginal epithelium was always atrophic. The cytohormonal smears taken from the vaginal epithelium of girls with with premature pubic hair may be a valuable test for establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 1223865 TI - [Reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with pituitary dwarfism treated with human growth hormone (author's transl)]. AB - The study has aimed at investigating the blastic transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with pituitary dwarfism before, during and after the treatment with human growth hormone. The reactivity of lymphocytes in vitro was studied in cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin-M of the Difco Company (PHA), in cultures stimulated with human growth hormone (HGH), and in cultures non-stimulated in vitro. The investigations were carried out in 34 patients with pituitary dwarfism at the age of 7 to 19 years. The control group was made up of 16 healthy children, 8 to 15 years old who had never been administered HGH. The patients were divided into groups according to the circumstance whether it was the first or the subsequent contact with HGH, and according to the periods at which the blood samples were collected during after therapy. It was found that the capability of lymphocytes to blastic transformation after stimulation with a specific stimulus (HGH) in patients with pituitary dwarfism in comparison with the reaction of healthy children is reduced (Fig. 2). The ability of the transformation of lymphocytes in this case shows selectivity towards the stimulus because the inhibiting of the response was noted only after the stimulation with HGH, but not after stimulation with PHA. During the treatment with HGH, allergization of the body appears; this is evidenced by the increase in the percentage of blastic cells in autotransformation (Fig. 1). PMID- 1223866 TI - [Congenital heart diseases in newborns and infants; early detection, differentiation and accuracy of clinical diagnoses (author's transl)]. AB - In order to facilitate for the general physicians the making of a suitable selection of babies who are in the most urgent need of specialized treatment at cardiac centres, simple methods for diagnosing and qualifying congenital cardiovascular diseases were elaborated. The following "minor" criteria were taken for suspecting a CHD: 1) cardiorespiratory distress following birth, 2) sequentially repeated Apgar score below normal, 3) "pneumonia" symptoms with respiratory distress, dyspnoea and cyanosis, attacks of unconsciousness, 4) feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, inexplicable irritability, 5) presence of other congenital anomalies. The almost certain presence of serious heart disease should be recognized in children, showing the following "major" symptoms: 1) permanent cyanosis, pallor or greyish colour, 2) cardiorespiratory failure (resembling usually symptoms of pneumonia), 3) ECG patterns indicating ventricular hypertrophy signs, 4) other significantly abnormal ECG patterns (e.g. AV and intraventricular conduction disturbances), 5) cardiac enlargement and lung vascularity abnormalities in chest X-rays, 6) weak, or impalpable arterial, particularly femoral pulses, femoral arterial pressures significantly lower, than at upper extremities, bounding pulses and high-pressure amplitude in arms and legs, 7) abnormal heart sounds and pathologic heart and vascular murmurs. A diagnostic "key", based upon evaluation of the "major criteria" facilitates the diagnosis and differentiation of the most important CHD's at neonatal and infantile age. When using this "key" one should keep in mind the relative frequency of incidence of particular lesions. The initial diagnoses by the above "key" were verified in 354 patients by cardiovascular catherisation, angiocardiography, surgical exploration, and for by autopsy. The diagnoses were perfectly accurate in 83.6% cases, in further 11.3% cases being also accurate but were supplemented by some details, and had to be corrected in only 5.1% cases. PMID- 1223867 TI - [Early detection and differentiation of congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Observations have been carried out on 116 neonates and infants with congenital heart malformations, and cardiomyopathies; 75 of them died. The initial diagnosis was made at Maternity Hospitals or at Infants' Wards, mainly in county hospitals of the province of Gdansk. Afterwards these children were sent to the pediatric cardiology ward of the Pediatric Institute in Gdansk, where the diagnoses were verified. Catheterisation and angiocardiography were performed in 29 children; 18 patients were treated surgically due to operable heart malformations. Rashkind's balloon atrioseptostomy was performed in three infants. The diagnosis based on physical ECG and X-rays was correct in only 42% of cases, and was most accurate in children with transposition of the great arteries, syndrome of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defects. The greatest difficulties were caused by the cases with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, double outlet of the right ventricle, single ventricle. They suggested that the initial clinical diagnosis should be confirmed by hemodynamic data and angiocardiography. PMID- 1223868 TI - [Cardiac catheterisation and angiocardiography in evaluation of congenital heart anomalies (author's transl)]. AB - The material presented here was collected during 18 months since the Pediatric Institute in Poznan was opened. 252 children with congenital heart diseases were admitted to this institution. 152 children were over 12 months, and 100 were under 12 months old; 34 of them were less than 6 months old. 82 children were admitted for cardiac catheterization, angiocardiography or cine angiocardiography. Below the age of 6 months the condition of the infants, endangering their life, was an indication for cardiac catheterization. In this age group catheterization and especially angiocardiography was not well tolerated by the small patients, but it was necessary to perform ballon septostomy in the transposition of the great arteries, or to establish definite indications for surgery. 5 children of this group died 48 hours after cardiac catheterization. The authors suggest that, in order to obtain better results, infants with cardiac malformations and in a condition endangering their life should be admitted as early as possible to hospitals where diagnostic and surgical services are working on continuous duty. This is not always possible because of technical and personnel difficulties. PMID- 1223869 TI - [Mortality of children and adolescents in Poland caused by congenital cardiovascular system malformations, in 1961-1971 (author's transl)]. AB - Congenital cardiovascular system malformations (including more than 90 per cent of heart malformations) constitute the largest group among patients with congenital malformations. The high mortality of children with these malformations in the first year of life (with the greatest threat in the first month of life) subsequently diminishes. The mortality rates of infants from congenital cardiovascular system malformations high in Poland and are exhibit no tendency to decrease. In opposition to countries with a generalized, efficient cardiological, particularly cardiosurgical treatment (Table I). The rate of occurrence of congenital circulatory system malformations amounts to 8 per 1000 live-born children. Consequently about 4300 children are born annually in Poland with cardiovascular malformations. With the present development of surgical and anesthesiological technique, and according to the kind of heart malformation, the indications for cardiosurgery include some 1,400 children annually with congenital heart and great arteries annually. In the last years annually some 200 250 cardiac operations and surgery of great arteries in children are performed in Poland; this amounts to 15 per cent of the present need. PMID- 1223870 TI - [The analysis of complications and mortality rate of children with congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The highest mortality rate among 75 newborns and infants observed has been noted in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, transposition of the great arteries, double outlet of the right ventricle and single ventricle. In the newborn period the mortality rate was 96%, and later on it decreased. Cardiac failure complicated by pneumonia was the most frequent cause of the infant's death (47 cases), then anoxic spells and sudden death (12 cases), diagnostic and surgical procedures (10 cases). The causes of death of six children were apparently not related to the heart disease. PMID- 1223871 TI - [Congenital cardiovascular malformations and concomitant complications as a cause of early infantile mortality (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have presented the clinical history of 130 infants with congenital cardiovascular malformations, analysing the causes of deaths in this group of cases. Severe cardio-respiratory failure, related first of all to haemodynamic disturbances, was the most common direct cause of decreases in all age groups. Although the complicating pneumonia undoubtedly enhanced the unfavourable effects of the haemodynamic disturbances, it was rarely considered to be the direct cause of death of children with CHD's. PMID- 1223872 TI - [A post-mortem analysis of 712 cases of congenital heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Congenital cardiovascular malformations were found in 712 cases (32.1%) out of 2159 autopsies, performed on children less than 16 years old, at the Department of Pathology of the Institute of Pediatrics in Warsaw since 1959. A detailed retrospective analysis of all the cases was performed. The author's own classification of congenital heart diseases was used in this analysis. The incidence of particular heart malformations or syndromes was presented. The most frequent ones were: transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defects, in a decreasing frequency. An analysis of the age distribution of various cardiac malformations and a short analysis of the causes of death was made. The incidence of congenital heart diseases accompanied by other congenital malformations was analysed. PMID- 1223873 TI - [Frequency and natural history of several types of transpositions of the great arteries (TGA) in children (author's transl)]. AB - The frequency and clinical differences between several types of TGA have been estimated. In a group of 52 patients with TGA three anatomic types were distinguished on the basis of the classification of Nadas (Fig. 1). The correlation between TGA type and sex, weight at birth, predominating clinical symptoms, most frequent clinical complications and survival time in children with this congenital malformation were investigated (Fig. 1-6). Type I was found almost five times more frequently in boys who had a higher than average weight at birth (Fig. 1-3). The most frequent clinical symtpoms were: cyanosis, early congestive heart failure and paroxysmal anoxemia (Fig. 4). Infants with this TGA type died much earlier than infants with other TGA types (Fig. 6). The frequency of type IIA was the lowest, similar in both sexes (Fig. 1). Among clinical symptoms cyanosis, paroxysmal anoxemia and systolic murmurs prevailed. No congestive heart failure was observed in this type (Fig. 4). Type IIC was more frequent in boys, but simultaneously it was the most frequent TGA type noticed in female infants (Fig. 1). Almost in all children heart murmurs were found, but only one of the examined cases with this type was affected by congestive heart failure (Fig. 4). The above-mentioned differences between clinical symptoms of several types of transposition of great arteries can be helpful when the adequate treatment is chosen. PMID- 1223874 TI - [A study of the mortality of children with transposition of the great arteries treated at the Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Academy of Cracov, in 1966-1973 (author's transl)]. AB - The mortality of children with transposition of the great arteries treated at the Institute of Pediatrics in 1966-1973 was assessed. The number of deaths among 52 observed children, 5 days to 8 years old, was analysed according to the sex and age of the children treated during 8 subsequent years (Fig. 1). It was shown that this congenital heart malformation occurred three times more frequently among boys than among girls, but mortality was the same in both groups examined (Table I). The period of 8 years was divided into 2 four-year periods because the surgical treatment of that condition was introduced only after 1970. According to the authors' observations all children who were treated conservatively during the first period (1966-1970) have died. During the second period (1970-1973) this malformation of the heart was diagnosed twice as often, in 35 cases, and there were only 21 deaths among these children (Table II). During that period the diagnosis of this malformation greatly improved, because in half of the cases observed the proper diagnosis was made in the first two weeks of life. This is a positive fact, because the possibility of successful septostomy is greater if the surgery is performed on younger infants. PMID- 1223875 TI - [Significance of growth hormone for the regulation of ribonuclease activity in rat plasma (author's transl)]. AB - The administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats caused an increase of ribonuclease activity in plasma within the limits of 70 to 200 per cent. An injection of actinomycin D, simultaneously with the growth hormone, inhibited this effect. PMID- 1223876 TI - [ECG in complete transposition of the great arteries according to the TGA type (author's transl)]. AB - The ECG pattern in 36 infants with complete TGA has been presented. An attempt was made at correlating ECG changes and the type of TGA. PMID- 1223877 TI - [Chest X-ray films in particular types of transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. AB - The article has been based on the study of 46 cases of transposition of the great arteries including children aged one day to one year. No symptoms of interventricular septal defect were discovered in X-ray films, nor was it possible to define the type of transposition. The author also discussed the narrowing of the base of the heart. The shape of the base may be due not only to the small thymus shadown, but also to the position of the aortal arch in the central plane of the body. PMID- 1223878 TI - [Palliative procedures in children with transposition of great arteries (author's transl)]. AB - The authors presented their own experience in the treatment of newborns and infants with transposition of great arteries. Three groups of patients with different types of malformation (according to Noonan, Nadas and coll.'s classification) were observed. The first group included newborns with type I and II which needed the Rashkind baloon septostomy in the first week of life. In the second group of infants the Blalock-Hanlon surgical creation of ASD was effected. The third group of patients with the II A type of TGA needed pulmonary-systemic anastomosis and Blalock-Taussig operations were performed. PMID- 1223879 TI - [Transposition of great arteries (the authors' own experiences in diagnostic procedures and treatment) (author's transl)]. AB - In 18 months since the opening of the Paediatric Institute in Poznan, 20 cases of simple complete transposition of the great arteries were admitted to this hospital. The clinical material consisted of 19 neonates, 3-7 days old, and one 3 month-old infant. All children were in a severe condition, with deep central cyanosis, congestive heart failure and severe metabolic acidosis. Six of them died during the standard diagnostic procedures. Fourteen have been submitted to cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, and in 13 ballon septostomy was performed. In two children surgical creation of an atrial septal defect was undertaken, in one case--6 months after a successful ballon septostomy. Twelve of the 14 children, in whom an atrial septal defect has been created by means of various methods, are alive and well. PMID- 1223880 TI - [Cardiac surgery at the pediatric surgery clinical department of the Pediatric Institute, Medical Academy, Poznan (author's transl)]. AB - In the 18 months since the opening of a new Pediatric Surgery Clinical Department of the Pediatric Institute in Poznan, an artificial heart-lung apparatus for perfusions in children was developed in collaboration with the PONAR-WIEPOFAMA factory. During this time 40 cardiac operations were performed including 11 open heart procedures. Among 40 cases operated, 6 died; 3 after open heart operations: 1 tetralogy of Fallot, and 2 cases of VSD combined with PDA and pulmonic valve stenosis. 3 infants died after surgery undertaken in the presence of severe uncontrollable heart failure. The overall mortality was 15%. PMID- 1223881 TI - [Monitoring of cardiac rhythm changes during surgical operations with total cardiopulmonary bypass with haemodilution and hypothermia in infants and small children (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical corrections of some serious cardiovascular anomalies in infants and small children were attempted within the last 2 years; 12 severely ill infants and children below the age of 3 years were operated. All, but one, were below 10 kg of body weight, and in all of them there was a considerable weight deficit, more than 30%. The risk of operation was undertaken because of the ineffectiveness of medical treatment and very bad prognosis. The following cardiovascular lesions were operated: large aortopulmonary septal defects, localized just above the valvular rings in 2 patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, with very good effect in both; tetralogy of Fallot - in 2 babies, in one with good effect; congenital mitral obstruction with pulmonary hypertension in one case, with good effect; total anomalous pulmonary venous return of supracardiac type in one child, decreased 1 week following operation; type 1 complete transposition of great arteries in one baby, deceased one day following operation; large ventricular septal defects, with systemic or nearly systemic pulmonary hypertension in 5 children, in one with long-term good effect. A modification of the Barrat-Boyes, Neutze and Simpson method, based upon a combination of surface and core cooling was applied. Thoracotomy was performed after surface cooling to 34-32 centigrades, and then a single venous cannula was inserted into the right atrium and an arterial cannula -- into the aorta. Deep cooling was obtained during perfusion, using a heat exchanger. The duration of cooling perfusion was, on an average, 20 min., and the patients were cooled to a temperature of 23-21 centigrades. The corrections were performed on relaxed and bloodless heart, during the circulatory arrest lasting for 20-65 min. (40 min. on an average). Following repair the patients were rewarmed to temperatures of 36-37 centigrades by warming perfusion lasting on the average 40 min., including assisted circulation, until a haemodynamically sufficient cardiac output was present. Silicated ACD-blood, diluted to a hematocrit value of 28-30 Vol. % by a polyelectrolyte buffered solution was used for priming and perfusion. During all the procedures any pH and HCO3 deviations were balanced currently. At the time of cooling perfusion, when the patient's rectal temperature fell down to 30-25 centigrades, the heart started to fibrillate. At temperatures above 26 degrees C ventricular fibrillation was sometimes preceded by sinus bradycardia, or sinoatrial block/arrest, with an AV nodal rhythm and gradually increasing intraventricular conduction slowing. In some cases high degree AV block appeared. At temperatures of 25-23 centigrades - slow fibrillation appeared, followed usually by a complete cardiac arrest. PMID- 1223882 TI - [Endocardial fibroelastosis in infants observed at the children's ward of the County Hospital in Wloclawek (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have observed eight children suffering from endocardial fibroelastosis at the Children's Ward of the Ziemia Kujawska county hospital in Wloclawek. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy. In five cases it was isolated fibroelastosis in the remaining three cases fibroelastosis was complicated by other heart malformations. In most of the patients severe symptoms appeared within the first six months of life. All the observed children died in the first two years of life. Death occurred within one day to six months after the appearance of symptoms. The main symptoms were present in ECG, X-rays and laboratory tests. PMID- 1223883 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of supravalvular aortic stenosis in children (Wiliams's syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - Six cases of Wiliams syndrome have been observed. In 3 children the supravalvular aortic stenosis was diagnosed in infancy. The diagnosis was based upon the triad of symptoms: 1) supravalvular aortic stenosis, 2) typical appearance of the patient, 3) considerable mental disability. PMID- 1223884 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosis in primary cardiomyopathies in infants (author's transl)]. AB - Four children were observed in 1970-1973 in whom cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in early infancy. The symptoms were severe congestive cardiorespiratory failures accompanied by pulmonary infections. Considerable cardiomegaly, particularly the left ventricular and atrial hypertrophy, abnormal E.C.G. and mechanocardiographic records, rhythm and conduction disturbances were found in all cases. PMID- 1223885 TI - [Content of phenobarbital in some tissues of the fetus and mother (author's transl)]. AB - There were performed estimations of the phenobarbital content in the placenta and in the liver and kidney of the mother and fetus after prolonged administration of this drug to pregnant females. Phenobarbital was injected in two various doses: 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50. The mean results of the determinations were in all examined tissues higher in the group receiving 1/20 LD50. These results were, however, statistically significant only in the placenta. No significant differences were found in the kidney of the fetus as far as the variability of results is concerned, but liver and placenta showed a highly significant variability in the group receiving 1/20 LD50. A positive correlation was found between the content of phenobarbital in placenta and liver, and the content in placenta and kidney in the 1/20 LD50 group. The ability of phenobarbital to pass through the placenta as well as the fairly high content of this drug found in the fetus tissues points out its possibility to damage the organs of the developing fetus, and by the same--the necessity to be careful during prolonged administration of this drug in pregnancy. PMID- 1223887 TI - [Glycemia and the levels of free fatty acids in small-for-date born infants after monosaccharide load. Communication I (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in small-for-date born infants the authors have performed in them the glucose tolerance test. The glycemic reflex was estimated in relation to the free fatty acids level (FFA). This was done twice a year in the first half year of life and in the second one. We compared the results with data obtained form full-size born infants tested in the same of time. The group of small-for-date born (SRDB) infants included 23 infants in the first half year and 12 in the second one. The SFDB infants were loaded with glucose and galactose given to them in a dosis of 1 g of each sugar in a 15% solution. The following micromethods were applied: Hyvarinen and Nikkila for glucose, and Dole and Meinertz in Novak's modification for FFA. The level of glucose and FFA were estimated at fasting and after loading at 20, 40, 90, 120 and 180 minutes. In order to be able to evaluate the results, the authors performed the variance analysis. On the basis a significantly higher variability of FFA levels was found in comparison with glucose levels as well as a variability of the two parameters significantly higher in small-for-date born infants than in full-size born infants. In spite of that in standarized mean values a relationship between glucose and FFA levels was found in small-for-date born infants opposite to that in full-size born infants. In the former the glucose levels and free fatty acids were higher then in the latter. This phenomenon disappeared in the second half-year of life. The disappearance rate (as measured by coefficient K) was slightly higher than in the second half year. In the second half year this difference was not noted between the observed parameters in two groups of infants. If it may be concluded on the basis of the authors' observations, the higher levels of glucose in small-for-date born infants in their first half year of life could indicate some disturbance in glucose utilization and the higher level of FFA then usually found in fullsize born infants during the oral glucose tolerance test might be an additional proof for the above. PMID- 1223886 TI - [Investigation on protein and protein fractions concentration in the serum of healthy children over one year old (author's transl)]. AB - Protein concentration and the relative percentage of protein fractions in serum have been studied in 2 to 15 years old 226 healthy children. The mean values and standard deviation were calculated for every year of child life. The correlation analysis of all parameters investigated with the age of the children was also presented, as well as the relationships between the various parameters. PMID- 1223888 TI - [Influence of reserpine on the libration of catecholamines in the brain and heart of rats in ontogenetic development (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of reserpine on the level of noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain, and that of noradrenaline in the heart of rats in various age groups were investigated. It was found that the level of catecholamines in the brain and heart of young rats decreases much more rapidly and to a greater extent than in adult rats. PMID- 1223889 TI - [Neurological-and-psychological analysis of children over six years old with hemiparesis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have carried out neurological-and-psychological analysis of children with congenital or acquired hemipareses. The psychological analysis was carried out according to Wechsler's scale for children and, if needed, by means of some other psychological tests. In a comparatively high number of children a lowering of the level of intellectual development was found, as expressed in terms of a low I.Q. This involved mainly children with congenital hemipareses. Moreover, a number of partial C.N.S. dysfunctions was found in these children, in particular a lowering of the visual-motor coordination function, the perception of spatial relations and graphic functions. Dysfunctions of speech of C.N.S. origin were found in five children, and they were more frequent (being as many as four cases) in children suffering from right-sided hemiparesis. In the conclusion of their paper the authors carried out an attempt at interpreting the results obtained and postulated the need of further investigations on these subjects. PMID- 1223891 TI - Effect of aluminum upon conditioned avoidance response acquisition in the absence of neurofibrillary degeneration. AB - Aluminum induces neurofibrillary degeneration in cats but not rats. Cats develop a progressive encephalopathy in which an early manifestation is impaired learning memory performance. At brain aluminum concentrations of 5 to 6 times that found in cat, rats demonstrate an initial transient weight loss and acquisition deficit immediately following intracranial injection. However, rats do not develop a progressive encephalopathy or a chronic learning deficit. PMID- 1223890 TI - [Somatic characteristics of Warsaw children, 3 1/2 to 7 years old (authors's transl)]. AB - Anthropometric measurements of 1031 children, 3 1/2 to 7 years old, were carried out in Warsaw in 1970. The data collected characterize the present state of the physical development of Warsaw children in the aforesaid age interval. Arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for 13 somatic traits (body height) and weight, length of lower and upper extremities; length of the trunk; shoulder and hip width; chest circumference, width and depth, head circumference; width of distal femoral epiphysis, and subscapular skinfold) (Tables I to V). They have become the basis for drawing diagrams for the graphic method of assessing the level of development of these traits. Besides, the differences between the somatic traits found by examining Warsaw children in 1959, and the traits obtained in 1970 were analysed (Fig. 1 and 2). It results from this analysis that the children examined in 1970 were taller and heavier, and that there were also differences between the other parameters. This justifies the need to bring data of this kind up-to-date. A comparison of the body height and weight of children of Warsaw, and those of two other Polish cities (Lublin and Szczecin) and of rural children (Fig. 11 and 12) show a considerable predominance of Warsaw children; this confirms the necessity to work out regional standards of somatic development. PMID- 1223892 TI - Effects of scopolamine and D-amphetamine on one-way, shuttle and inhibitory avoidance: a diallel analysis in mice. AB - The effects of scopolamine (2.0 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (3.0 mg/kg) on one-way, shuttle and inhibitory avoidance performance were evaluated in 3 strains of mice (A/J, DBA/2J and C57BL/6J) and their 6 reciprocal F1 hybrids. In the saline condition, intermediate inheritance was observed in the inhibitory task, complete dominance for superior avoidance in the one-way task, and hybrid superiority in the shuttle situation. Administration of d-amphetamine disrupted inhibitory performance in all strains. In the shuttle task no amphetamine effect was observed in C57BL/6J mice, while improvement was seen in A/J and DBA/2J mice, as well as in all the hybrid corsses. No drug effect was seen in the one-way task. As with d-amphetamine, scopolamine disrupged performance in the inhibitory task among the inbreds, but had negligible effects in the hybrids. In the shuttle task, only the A/J mice exhibited improved performance, while a small decline in response rate was seen in one-way avoidance. Results were interpreted in terms of tha role of scopolamine and d-amphetamine in modifying non-associative factors involved in avoidance, and the interaction between associative and non associative factors in modulating avoidance response rate. PMID- 1223893 TI - Influence of central cholinergic pathways on performance on free-operant avoidance and DRL schedules. AB - Lesions in the medial septum, as well as systemic injections of the muscarinic cholinergic blocker, scopolamine, increased responding maintained by free-operant avoidance or DRL contingencies. Systemic injections of the anticholinesterase, eserine, suppressed responding in both paradigms. The medial septal lesions eliminated the effects of these cholinergic drugs in the DRL paradigm byt did not reduce the effects of these drugs on free-operant avoidance. These results indicate that cholinergic drugs may affect behavior in the DRL paradigm primarily by acting on muscarinic cholinergic neurons that pass through the septum but affect free-operant avoidance mainly by acting on different cholinergic pathways that do not pass through the medial septum. PMID- 1223894 TI - Behavioral thermoregulation in the study of drugs affecting body temperature. AB - A method of measuring thermoregulatory behavior in the rat has been developed, which allows analysis of the mechanism of action of drugs which modify body temperature. The test measures the amount of time a rat will remain exposed to an infrared heat source before making an escape and this evidence has been used to divide drugs into those which act on the central thermostats and those which act on effector systems. A peripherally acting hypothermic drug (N methyldiphenhydramine) increased the time of exposure to the heat lamp. Tri iodothyronine increased body temperature and decreased exposure to the heat lamp. Intraventricular oxotremorine caused hypothermia but a decreased exposure to heat suggesting it acts to lower the set-point of the central thermostats. Both effects were blocked by atropine. The possibility that central cholinergic mechanisms in the hypothalamus have a function in determining the setting of the central thermostats is discussed. PMID- 1223895 TI - Effect of amitriptyline on avoidance learning in rats following olfactory bulb ablation. AB - It has been established that following bilateral olfactory bulb ablation there occurs a performance deficit in rats exposed to aversive learning procedures. Associated with the behavioral deficit, there occurs a reduction in total cortical norepinephrine (NE). If the behavioural deficit observed is a sequitur or correlate of the NE reduction, then drug therapy aimed at increasing NE availability in the cortex should overcome the reduction in performance. Amitriptyline increases NE availability by inhibiting uptake mechanisms and increases the rate of synthesis of NE. Rats, previously bulb ablated, were treated with amitriptyline over a 10 to 14 day period and tested in aversive situations. It was demonstrated that the drug treated rats showed improved performance early in acquisition, and that the performance improvement was maintained when the treatment period was extended to 14 days. These results indicate that amitriptyline was inducing a true pharmacological effect, and that the improved performance could be correlated with increased NE availability in the cerebral cortex. PMID- 1223896 TI - Relative potency of tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives on tonic immobility in chickens. AB - Chickens were given varying dosages of delta 3-, delta 8-, and delta 9-THC and tested for duration of tonic immobility (TI). Although all derivatives had a profound facilitation effect, delta 9-THC was the most potent. These results are unusual in that TI is a well documented fear-potentiated reaction and THC generally has tranquilization-like effects. PMID- 1223898 TI - Role of dopamine in d-amphetamine-induced discriminative responding. AB - In two-lever operant chambers, rats were trained in a food-reinforced discrimination task. Reward was contingent upon correct lever choices to the induced differential cue conditions of d-amphetamine (0.8 mg/kg) or saline throughout training on a differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL-15 sec) schedule. Upon acquisition of discriminative response control the animals were pretreated with various neurochemical agents. Pretreatment with atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, methysergide or cinanserin did not block production of d-amphetamine lever responding. Nicotine and oxotremorine did not produce the amphetamine-like cueing effect. However, pimozide blocked the ability of animals to discriminate d-amphetamine and L-DOPA, in combination with Ro 4-4602 with or without amantadine, generated amphetamine-like responses. These results indicate a role of dopamine in the production of the amphetamine state and from the failure of apomorphine to exhibit the stimulus property of d-amphetamine and the antagonism by alpha-methyltyrosine of the d-amphetamine responding it is further suggested that this amphetamine state is produced via the releasing of newly synthesized dopamine. PMID- 1223897 TI - Neurochemical correlates of alcohol preference in inbred strains of mice. AB - C57B1/6J, a specific inbred strain of mice with high alcohol preference and DBA/2J, a specific inbred strain with poor preference for alcohol were studied. Brain content of acetylcholine, uptake of 14C-Choline by whole brain homogenate were significantly higher in the C57B1/6J mice whereas brain acetylcholinesterase was higher in the DBA/2J mice. No significant difference was found for the level of brain serotonin, uptake of 3H-norepinephrine or 3H-dopamine. Treatment with a specific inhibitor of choline transferase, 4-(1-napthylvinyl) pyridine salt (10 mg/kg, twice daily) shifted the selection of alcohol to water in the C57B1/6J mice. These findings suggest a direct involvement of central cholinergic mechanism in alcohol preference. PMID- 1223899 TI - Effects of growth hormone on brain biogenic amine levels. AB - The effects of IP administered bovine growth hormone (GH) on regional brain serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and norepinephrine levels in rats were examined. GH decreased the levels of both monoamines and 5-HIAA in the diencephalon and brainstem while not affecting telencephalic concentrations. In hypophysectomized rats, however GH produced significant elevations of monoamine and 5-HIAA levels in all brain regions. In normal rats the decreases in norepinephrine content produced by GH were correlated with a reduction in the stimulatory action of d-amphetamine on general activity levels. These results demonstrate that GH can affect brain biogenic amines and that these effects have behavioral consequences. PMID- 1223900 TI - Cannula for intracerebral administration of experimental substances. AB - Two reliable intracerebral cannulas, with a protective cap and a locking arrangement of the extension tube can be made from inexpensive regular and dental disposable needles and syringes. The preparation and use of these alternative cannula systems which enable the prolonged intracerebral infusion of experimental substances in unrestrained, freely moving animals is described. PMID- 1223901 TI - Amplitude modulator-demodulator system for recording electroencephalographic signals with a standard 1/4 inch magnetic tape deck. AB - Circuit diagrams and a sample oscilloscopic tracings are provided for a simple modulator-demodulator system which permits the recording of low frequency bioelectric phenomena with an entertainment type tape recorder. The system is economical and easy to use. Several of the systems have been used successfully in routine laboratory applications for more than a year. PMID- 1223902 TI - Phenobarbital during pregnancy alters operant behavior of offspring in C57BL/6J mice. AB - Offspring of C57BL/6J injected daily with phenobarbital for the last third of pregnancy responded less than control animals when maintained on various fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. The response decrement became more pronounced as the schedule demands were increased and was noted in offspring of both sexes. The higest dose (80 mg/kg) was less effective than the 2 lower doses (20 mg and 40 mg/kg) in producing the decrement which may reflect a selection factor due to high neonatal mortality previously reported at this dose. The study provides no evidence of the mechanism mediating the long term behavioral abnormality but does clearly extend the finding of such changes to doses which do not produce increased neonatal mortality or noticeable morphological changes. PMID- 1223903 TI - Crossover effects in experimental investigations with human subjects. AB - Simple crossover studies with drugs may introduce artifactual results. Volunteers are frequently less apprehensive when tested on the second occasion and experimental medication may result in different performance measures. Empirical evidence is given to demonstrate this point and a suggestion is made as to how it can be overcome. PMID- 1223904 TI - Effect of cobra neurotoxin on retention of a brightness discrimination in rats. AB - In view of some recent evidence that blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors might interfere with memory recall, the possibility that intracranial injections of purified corbra neurotoxin, an irreversible nicotinic receptor blocker, would produce long-lasting amnesia was explored with a brightness discrimination habit in rats. The results indicate that even the highest tolerable dose of neurotoxin had no detectable effect on memory recall. PMID- 1223905 TI - Chlordiazepoxide and preference for free food in rats. AB - Rats continued to lever press for food when a bowl of free food was placed in the experimental chamber. Chlordiazepoxide increased the amount of free food consumed, and tended to reduce the amount of lever pressing. It is argued that the drug decreased container neophobia in the animals, rather than acting like an increase in food deprivation. PMID- 1223906 TI - Facilitation of the long term memory store with strychnine: a reexamination. AB - Contrary to previous findings, some recent studies have reported that several daily injections of strychnine, beginning 24 hr after learning, facilitates subsequent retention. The present paper reports 3 studies using mice which suggest that strychnine has no effect on retention when the learning-injection interval is 24 hr. This absence of an effect was found using a range of strychnine doses. Furthermore, the absence of the facilitation effect was found not to be due to any failure of animals to learn prior to injection or to the fact that all animals performed asymptotically on the retention test. PMID- 1223907 TI - Variations in alcohol metabolism: influence of sex and age. AB - Alcohol-induced sleep time was measured subsequent to the intraperitoneal injection of a 3.5 g x kg-1 dose. The old male group had a sleep time approximately 4 times that of the young male group and approximately twice that of the old female group. Blood alcohol concentrations at time of awakening were nearly identical in all groups, indicating the difference in sleep time is not due to an altered CNS sensitivity. Measurement of in vivo alcohol disappearance rate indicates the old male group is different from the other groups because of a slower rate of alcohol metabolism. Although changes in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were seen, the changes do not explain the observed decrease in alcohol metabolism observed in the old male group. These data provide further evidence that hepatic ADH and ALDH activities are not rate limiting in alcohol metabolism. PMID- 1223908 TI - Natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis in the rat following microinjections of carbachol into the septal area. AB - The effects of intraseptal injection of carbachol on natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis has been studied in conscious, unrestrained water-loaded male rats. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased following injections into the septal area. The intensity of the natriuresis and kaliuresis was dose-related. An antidiuretic effect was also observed. The Na+/K/ ratio increased with increasing doses of carbachol, indicating that the rise in urinary sodium exceeded that of potassium. Systematic mapping of the septal area yielded about the same results for all sites, excepting a zone located in the anterior-dorsal part of the medial nucleus which appeared more sensitive. The natriuretic effect of intraseptal carbachol in adrenalectomized rats demonstrated the secondary role played by the adrenals. Contrariwise the decrease of the natriuretic effect observed either in hypophysectomized rats or in rats bearing a median eminence lesion receiving intraseptal carbachol showed the important participation of these structures in urinary Na+ excretion. Adrenalectomy or median eminence lesions did not modify the kaliuretic response while hypophysectomy produced a transitory diminution. This fact favours the hypothesis of different mechanisms involved in Na+ and K+ excretion following intraseptal carbachol. These results leave open the question as to mechanism of action but suggest a possible role of the pituitary in mediating the responses. Also, the possibility of a role played by hemodynamic shifts is suggested. PMID- 1223909 TI - Scopolamine effects on delayed spatial alternation in the rat. AB - Rats were trained to press two levers in alternation on discrete trials spaced 10 sec apart. During the final sessions of alternation training, error responses per opportunity on the trials that followed reinforced trials (initial trials) did not differ from error responses per opportunity on repetitive (correction) trials (Experiment 1). Scopolamine did not increase the rats' tendency to perseverate: drug treatment did not cause the error responses per opportunity to increase over runs of consecutive error responses (Experiment 2). Scopolamine did not impair performance when alternation was controlled by visual stimuli present in the external environment at the time of the response (Experiment 3). The disruption in delayed alternation performance produced by scopolamine was attributed to effects on stimulus discrimination, resulting in impairment of control of responding by stimuli not present in the environment at the time of the response. PMID- 1223910 TI - Complex schedules of drug injection. PMID- 1223911 TI - Drug effects and concurrent performances. PMID- 1223912 TI - Schedule-induced polydipsia and oral intake of drugs. PMID- 1223913 TI - The function of schedule-induced polydipsia in establishing ethanol as a positive reinforcer. PMID- 1223915 TI - Experimental human drug self-administration: methodology and application to the study of sedative abuse. PMID- 1223914 TI - Introduction: Behavioral factors in human drug abuse. PMID- 1223916 TI - Experimental analysis of conditioning factors in human narcotic addiction. PMID- 1223917 TI - Release and binding of protein and enzymes from and to water-shocked vesicles obtained from rat liver mitochondria. AB - Release and binding of aspartate aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase and protein from and to water-shocked vesicles obtained from rat liver mitochondria was shown to occur. The characteristics of this phenomenon were shown to depend on the effectors used. They were in some way different from those observed with whole mitochondria under similar conditions. PMID- 1223918 TI - Effect of prostaglandins in vivo on enzymes involved in thyroid carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Treatment of adult guinea pigs with prostaglandins produces changes in the levels of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism of the thyroid gland. A decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is observed with a concomitant increase in 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase; the glycolytic enzymes appear unaffected by the same treatment. The results indicate that prostaglandins do not have the biochemical effects obtained with thyrotropin and cAMP administration, showing that these compounds play an antagonistic role in comparison with the above mentioned stimulating agents. PMID- 1223919 TI - Change in electrophoretic mobility of human erythrocyte as the result of membrane shape change in vitro. AB - Shape change of human erythrocyte due to the membrane externalization induced by incorporation of excess lysolecithin or by hypertonic treatment in vitro, was accompanied by a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of the cell. No change in sialic acid content of the membrane, mostly responsible for the cell surface charge, was observed in any of these treatments. Therefore, the membrane externalization seems to cause a redistribution of the surface charge and the resulting alteration of the electrophoretic mobility of the cell. Heating at 48 degrees C for 1 hour induced both the shape change and change in the mobility, but at the same time it reduced the membrane sialic acid content. PMID- 1223920 TI - Red blood cell ghosts: hollow membranes or solid bodies? AB - Human red blood cell ghosts prepared by a widely used hypotonic lysis method are shown to be not hollow membranes but are solid bodies of distorted shapes. PMID- 1223921 TI - The effects of cholera enterotoxin on intestinal tissue water as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. AB - Cholera enterotoxin has been postulated to change the configuration of the intracellular protein-water system, altering the permeability of the cell to water. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, this protein-water relationship can be examined. Small intestinal loops in the rat were injected with 0.5 ml of either Schwarz/Mann cholera enterotoxin (40 mug/cc saline solution) or normal saline. Full thickness segments of intestine from each loop were taken and percentage water (using a gravimetric procedure which includes a correction for fat) and NMR relaxation times were determined. The mean value +/- S.D. for tissue water was 79.49 +/- 2.65% in the controls and 84.52 +/- 2.01% in the cholera specimens (p less than .001). T1 (spin-lattice) relaxation times were 521.22 +/- 69.5 msec in the controls and 667.96 +/- 119.25 msec in cholera tissue (p less than .001). T2 (spin-spin) relaxation times were 62.34 +/- 9.59 msec in controls and 80.35 +/- 21.46 msec in cholera tissue (p less than .02). These findings are consistent with the theory that cholera enterotoxin acts to alter intracellular protein-water relationship. PMID- 1223922 TI - Studies on 5-hydroxyuridine (isobarbituridine): X. Isolation and tentative identification of 5-hydroxymethyluridine from ribosomal RNA. AB - Yeast ribosomal RNA was hydrolyzed to its constituent nucleosides with the aid of snake venom and bacterial alkaline phosphatase. Lyophilized hydrolysate was labeled with radioactive 5-hydroxyuridine and applied to partition chromatography. It was found that some components of rRNA are held on the column and can be eluted with water. Eighty-nine percent of the label, a large portion of cytidine, and several unidentified compounds were found in the water wash. The direct application of the wash concentrate to ascending paper chromatography in saturated butanol-H2O resulted in the separation of three distinct UV-absorbing bands. Further resolution and characterization of one band of unidentified material revealed the presence of an additional nucleoside. On the basis of chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior and UV-absorption spectra, it was tentatively identified as 5-hydroxymethyluridine. PMID- 1223923 TI - Specificity of antichromatin antibodies to chromatin structure. PMID- 1223924 TI - [Acute homonymous henianopsias. The syndrome of perfusion disorders in the flow area of the anterior chorioideal artery]. AB - The author, after giving an outline of the anatomical conditions, describes the clinical picture of disorders of blood supply to the anterior choroid artery. By references to two typical cases it is shown that loss of sight in the same vertical half of the visual field for each eye is the leading symptom, a more exact analysis of visual field effects allowing further topical conclusions to be drawn. PMID- 1223925 TI - [Changes in cerebral metabolism during experimental anuria]. AB - After experimental ureterotomy in mice, the changes which occurred in cerebral metabolism were studied. A significant increase in the cerebral glucose and glycogen level as well as of degradation power was noticed 25 hours after the operation. The level of lactic acid production in the same period of renal insufficience indicated a gradual decreasing tendency. These results as well as further details are discussed with regard to the underlying disturbances. PMID- 1223926 TI - [Information-theoretical error analysis of a form-comparison test]. AB - An attempt has been made to make an error analysis, by both the conventional and information theoretical mode of evaluation, of the results of a forms comparison test used for diagnosing the sensory and optical capacity of differentiating. A total of 423 test subjects were available for this program. Data for the standardization of this test and for the evaluation of test results was derived from the results of this investigation. PMID- 1223927 TI - [Taking offense and illness - the pathology of interaction as seen by a psychiatrist (author's transl)]. AB - Theories of interaction matter not only for psychoreactive disturbances, pathologic forms and sequelae of interaction may influence or even determine origin and course of psychoses. Present treatment or schizophrenic problems contains the danger that psychogenetic theories are sharply confronted with biologic concepts. As fas as we know today both are equally ligitimate. Purely psychogenetic theories like that of Bateson do not always avoid the temptation to ask and answer questions of guilt. This is therapeutically nearly always useless and may lead to arrogance. Psychotherapy of endogenous psychoses - up to now mostly only a demand - cannot be realized by adopting a model theory. It is more a question of the attitude of the physician. PMID- 1223928 TI - [Aspects of psychoanalytic and behavioral procedures in chronic schizophrenics as illustrated by a case presentation (author's transl)]. AB - Psychoanalytic and behavioral aspects were discussed in the presentation of a hebephrenic's nine year treatment. The psychoanalytic approach to chronic schizophrenia can provide precious information for behavioral analysis. Achieving the therapeutic goal of social and professional rehabilitation may be facilitated by behavioral group psychotherapy which emphasizes self control techniques as well as contingent reinforcement and behavioral rehearsal. PMID- 1223929 TI - [Anthropologic foundation and psychologic consequences of political orientation toward right or left. An existential-psychoanalytic study on the phenomenology of political radicalism]. AB - The author searches for an explanation for the fact that an originally only spatial and not "loaded" pair of concepts like "right and left" could gain in our time such high-tension content in political terms. He suspected underlying anthropologic connections and tried to elucidate them with existential analysis. He found that the basis can be seen in the physical constitution of man. Physical experience first transmits the concepts of right and left. The "asymmetric" symmetry of our bilateral physical organisation makes experiencing right and left possible. On this basis the mental concepts of our existence would be imposed in noethic-ethic categories. And these would become active in our political world. This is demonstrated on a case of H.E. Richter. Following Richter'd ideas the psychodynamic rules of political-structural disparities could be shown. The "rights" as repressors dominate the "lefts" as the depressed which now protest in their dispair. As extreme forms the two polarized radicals who now fanatically stylize the other as the enemy, will fight to the death their own denied opposite side psychodynamically. Bizarre ideal visions lead to legalization of terror and brutality. As missing how they are linked in psychiatric terminology paranoid types result extending to the formation of genuine (political) obsessions. For both catathymia of outlook and language are characteristic which show eminent loss of a picture of the world. PMID- 1223930 TI - [Parental child-rearing styles, neuroticism and hostility of juvenile criminals (author's transl)]. AB - It was the purpose of this study to examine the relation of parental child rearing styles, as reported (inventory) by juvenile criminals, and the neuroticism and hostility of juvenile criminals (sample of 171 subjects). Factor analysis of inventory data resulted in the isolation of three parental child rearing styles, labeled affection-support, rejection-hostility and control strictness. The child-rearing styles of rejection-hostility and control strictness were found to be significantly correlated with four factors of hostility (set of inventory scales), aggressive tension (anger, rage), reactive hostility, guilt proneness, suppression of hostility, and with two questionnaire measures of neuroticism. PMID- 1223931 TI - [Socio-cultural alientation and heroin addiction]. AB - Heroin addiction is approached in this paper as a sociological process which takes place as a refusal of, or alienation from, the conventional social system, with, at the same time, attraction towards an alienated world, which gives recognition and identity to the subject. Three phases are identifiable in such process: 1) The subject is unable to copy or identify with an adult sexual model (normally, the parent of the same sex). This may reach the level of rejectal of the model. 2) The subject does not succeed in obtaining legitimate goals and benefits. This failure may only be imaginary, but involves a condition of subjective suffering. 3) The subject cannot establish good and significant relationships with nonaddicted peers, and consquently lives in isolation. The three phases are evident in a study carried out by the Author on 750 eddicts from New York and Puerto Rico. The integration into the deviant addict culture, which follows the triple failure outlined above, must be treated with training and resocialization techniques. PMID- 1223932 TI - [Castelfranco Emilia (Modena) prison. Criminologic service for studies and treatment of persons submitted to measures of safety. Case V/1]. PMID- 1223933 TI - [Evaluation of the penal treatment]. AB - Evaluative research in the penal field has had two main characteristics: first, there has been a pre-occupation with the objective of treatment to the almost complete exclusion of any other, and second, there has been a concern with the demonstration of effects without a corresponding attempt to understand the nature of the treatment process. This has been because the research has proceeded on an inappropriate "medical" view of penal treatment on which it is assumed that the "cure" of the offender is the major task and that the nature of treatment is relatively easy to understand. The main achievement of this research has been to show that, by and large, penal treatments differ very little in their capacity to reform. The importance of this result should not be underestimated. It has helped to bring about a changed view of delinquency and its treatment which in the long term will have far reaching effects on penal practice. In the shorter term the effects on evaluative research are likely to be two-fold. First it opens the way for evaluation to proceed on a wider front. Instead of needing to pay so much attention to reformative aspects, the researcher will be more free to compare penal measures with respect to such things as their economic and social costs, their cpacity for general deterrence, the protection afforded to the public from the activities of known criminals, and the extent to which they satisfy requirements of justice and humanity. PMID- 1223934 TI - [Comparison of chemical and radiochemical methods in determination of steroid hormones]. AB - While in some cases steroids can be measured directly in serum or plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA), in other cases, especially when analyses are carried out in urine, the samples must be processed before RIA can be performed. The operations involved in the preparation of urinary or blood extracts suitable for the RIA of steroid hormones are examined and compared in terms of practicability with the analytical procedures currently used for the chemical determination of the same steroids or their metabolites. PMID- 1223935 TI - [Problems with standardization of the radioimmunologic determination]. AB - Radioimmunoassay is an analytical procedure in which a radioactive tracer acts as an indicator and a specific antibody acts as a reagent. The requirements which have to be met to guarantee the validity of the assay are the essential characteristics of each microanalytical procedure, namely the sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy. The optimization of the assay demands than a careful examination of these factors, which first depend on the properties of the reagents. The consistency of the results is based on the identity, as far as the immunoreactivity is concerned, between the substance to be assayed in the biological sample and the substance used as a standard to build up the calibration curve. The immunoreactivity of the tracer can instead be lower than that shown by the standard, although it must not be too different. The features of all the reagents are reviewed and discussed, mainly those of the antiserum which affect the specificity of the assay. The most diffuse RIA techniques are reviewed and divided in gross categories, according to the methods used for the separation of the free and antibody-bound hormone. The different steps of the analytical procedure are investigated, taking into consideration the most important parameters which affect the assay, mainly the time and temperature of the incubation step. The practical ease of the analysis is definitely an essential factor of choice, provided that it could be associated to reproducible and accurate results. A severe quality control of each reagent and of the assembled set must be carried out to assure the consistency of the analytical data. In the particular case of radioimmunoassay the quality control must be extended to all the steps of the assay both before and after the analytical procedure itself, in order to assure the maximal clinical validity of the diagnostic determination. PMID- 1223936 TI - [Prospects for the use of in vitro radioimmunological technics in pediatrics]. AB - The Author first of all outlines the advantages which in vitro radioimmunological techniques offer at the pediatric age level and particularly for newborn babies, in relation to the minimal amount of blood necessary for this type of examination and the fact that exposure of babies to ionizing radiation is avoided. He subsequently reports on what can already be achieved using these methods in the field of functional diagnostics at the pediatric age level, especially in the field of endocrinology. Then he indicates the areas which appear to be most promising for exploration, among them the use of in vitro radioimmunological techniques on the blood of the umbilical cord, on the amniotic fluid, and lastly in monitoring the plasmatic kinetics of drugs especially at the pediatric age level. PMID- 1223937 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of the separated renin in hypertension due to monolateral nephropathy]. AB - Renin activity in renal vein plasma and in peripheral plasma was measured in twentytwo hypertensive patients presenting unilateral renal artery stenosis or other unilateral renal abnormalities. A discrepancy between peripheral and renal vein renin levels was noted only in one case. In seven patients the difference between the renal vein renin of the diseased kidney and that of its contralateral mate was very significant. They responded successfully to surgery for hypertension, confirming the predictive value of a renal vein renin ratio greater than 1.5. In all the other patients with less significant differences between the renin levels of the two kidneys surgery was not performed because they benefited from the hypotensive therapy. PMID- 1223938 TI - [Importance of digitalemia for a correct therapeutic attitude using cardioactive glycosides]. AB - Recent advances in the quantitation of plasma or serum levels of cardiac glycosides promise to add a new dimension to pharmacologic studies and to the evaluation of clinical problems involving these drugs. A rapid radioimmunoassay technique has been described for the determination of serum digoxin and beta metyldigoxin concentration in the range encountered clinically. Patients judged clinically to show digitals toxicity in general had higher levels. A relable estimate of serum digoxin and beta-metyldigoxin concentration, considered in the clinical context, has been found to be useful in arriving at acute management decisions. PMID- 1223939 TI - [Direct radioimmunologic determination of T 3 in the serum]. AB - A convenient, precise and repeatable radioimmunological method has been developed for measuring triodotironine (T3) in the serum. The dosage is made in the presence of 600 mug (micrograms) of Merthiolate in all tubes, in order to inhibit a link between the T3 and the vector proteins, and of HSA in the standards to keep them in the same condition as the samples. The method normally distinguishes 10 pg of T3 which correspond to a concentration of 0.4 ng/ml, from the point in which 25 mul of the serum are utilized. The following results have been obtained by this method: hypothyroids (14): 0.37 +/- 0.31 ng/ml; normal thyroids (51): 1.44 +/- 0.52 ng/ml; hyperthyroids (22); 4.62 +/- 1.21 ng/ml. PMID- 1223940 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of plasmatic triiodothyronine. Verification of operative parameters; 1st clinical results]. AB - The experimental determination of the operative parameters of two radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems for the determination of triiodothyronine (T3) level directly in serum is described. The two systems differ both for the agents blocking the aspecific T3-serum protein bindings (sulphonic acid, 8-aniline, 1 Naphtalene in borate buffer: bor-ANS-RIA and Merthiolate in phosphate buffer: PO4 Merth-RIA) and for the methods adopted for compensating the aspecific serum interferences (T3,4 free serum for bor-ANS-RIA and Human Serum Albumine HSA 8% for PO4-Merth-RIA. The tracers are T3-I125 (spec. act. 500 Ci/g for bor-ANS-RIA and 1000 Ci/g for PO4-Merth-RIA). The antisera have been raised in rabbit (T3 bovine SA conjugate for bor-ANS-RIA and T3-HSA conjugate for PO4-Merth-RIA). The incubation conditions are 2degreesC X 24 h for bor-ANS-RIA and room temp. X 2 h for PO4-Merth-RIA. For both systems, the Bound-Free (B-F) separations are carried out by charcoal-dextrane adsorption, 4 mg/tube, 10 min contact. Indicatively, the lowest detection limits of the two systems are about 8 pg T3 for ANS and about 6 pg T3 for Merth. Evidence of parallelism and even superimposition is provided for both assays between the dose-response curve and the serum dilution curve. The calibration curves of the employed antisera are reported (final titres: 1/1000 for ANS and 1/2500 for Merth). 4 different incubation conditions for ANS and 2 for Merth are described and the reasons of choice of the mentioned conditions statistically elucidated. Acceptable statistical comparison between "sample blank" and the "blank" of the diluents of the employed standard preparations are presented and discussed. F-countings vs. B-countings functions are reported (regression line -- equations: F = 0.93 B + 0.07, n = 15, r = 0.993 for ANS and F = 0.95 B -- 0.02, n = 14, r = 0.992 for Merth) demonstrating the possibility of alternative countings. The recovery regression lines (found f vs. expected e) have equations: f = 1.01 e + 0.08, n = 10, r = 0.999 for ANS and f = 1.08 e -- 1.64, n = 9, r = 0.995 for Merth, implying a practically quantitative recovery in both cases. Thyroxine (T4) cross reaction study has been undertaken under a quite new optics re-calculating the regression lines -- equations of the T3 recovery in the presence of added T4; in that case, the following equations are valid: f = 1.05 e + 0,13, n = 10, r = 0.992 for ANS and f = 1.07 e + 2.26, n = 18, r = 0,985 for Merth. Reducing the maximum added T4 to 1 ng/tube, the cross reaction can be considered as negligible. T3 levels for normal subjects are finally reported: 1.50 +/- 0.80, n= 37 for ANS and 1.40 +/- 0.68, n = 40 for Merth (ng T3/ml, means +/- 2SD). PMID- 1223941 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination and analysis for saturation of the thyroid hormones: comparison and use in the practical clinic]. AB - Reliability of a recent method of assay by saturation analysis for assessment of thyroid status, which is to be recommended for its practicability and technical improvement, has been verified. Its diagnostic efficiency in more than 3,000 assays has been evaluated. On the whole T3 Uptake (T3U) and serum Thyroxine (T4D) determination showed a quite good accuracy, that decidely improved when both the tests were carried out and the Free Thyroxine Index (Free Thyopac Index) was drown. Moreover the present availability of the radioimmunological determinations of triiodothyronine allowed to assay simultaneously both thyroid hormones in normal euthyroid subjects, in pregnancy, in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and goitrous patients. Results obtained have been analysed and discussed and clinical conditions pointend out where determination of both hormones may be useful. PMID- 1223942 TI - [Clinical use in the radioimmunologic determination of plasmatic TSH]. AB - Clinical value of plasma TSH radioimmunoassay in various thyroid diseases (primary hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and simple goiter) is discussed. In particular, the results obtained of plasma TSH after TRH administration either in thyroid disease either in various disorders of endocrinologic interest (massive obesity, Laurence-Moon Biedl's syndrome, true precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Klinfelter's and Turner's syndromes) are discussed. PMID- 1223943 TI - [Changes in the secretion of somatotropin and insulin in hyperthyroidism]. AB - Twenty hyperthyroid patients were investigated for growth hormone (GH) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) secretion in response to insulin hypoglycaemia, arginine infusion and glucose-induced hyperglycaemia. GH response to either insulin hypoglycaemia or arginine infusion was significantly reduced in these patients compared with 20 normal subjects. Thyrotoxic patients also displayed an abnormal GH pattern after a 100 g oral glucose load: in fact, serum GH underwent a paradoxical increase in spite of abnormally high levels attained by blood glucose. IRI secretion was also clearly reduced in response to arginine infusion and moderately blunted after oral glucose. In a group of patients re-evaluated under euthyroid conditions, a fair increase of GH response to the provocative stimuli jointly with the restoration of a normal suppressibility of serum GH by glucose were noted; by contrast, no significant change of IRI response to arginine or glucose took place. Likewise, the impairment of glucose tolerance was not improved. These findings indicate that an impairment of GH and IRI secretion is present in hyperthyroidism. The possibility that a potentiation of the catecholamine effects caused by the thyroid hormones is involved in this alteration deserves consideration. PMID- 1223944 TI - [Human chorionic somatommamotropins (HCS or HPL) : radioimmunologic determination and clinical significance]. AB - The AA. have studied a new standardized radioimmunologic method for the routine determination of HCS. All the steps of the analysis have been studied, in particular those concerning the reability test and the precipitation of the complex with PEG. The best conditions were found when PEG 6000 is used at a concentration between 14-16 g in 100 ml (v/w), dissolved in veronal buffer, pH 7.4--9.4, with a dilution of protein (bovine serum) 1:4 in the incubation mixture. The reability test have given very good results. The c.p.m. of the analysis are plotted with a logit plot by computer which directly gives the values in ng/ml of the hormone in the plasma sample. The results obtained with this method are compared with those of the literature; the most striking difference in the present method appears in the last trimester of pregnancy in which the result have a low S.D. and can give a good help in clinical management of pregnant patients. PMID- 1223945 TI - [Diazoxide test in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension: modifications in the levels of renin and aldosterone in blood of patients with various restrains of the renal function]. AB - The AA. have applied the diazoxide test for the screening of primary hiperaldosteronism to 22 nephropatic patients suffering from hypertension and with different degrees of renal function. In 22 patients an increase in PRA and aldosterone values always followed the diazoxide infusion. Only one patient, likely suffering from primary aldosteronism, showed no increase in PRA and aldosterone values. The diazoxide infusion had no influence on renal, pancreatic and cardiovascular function. Therefore, this can be considered as a valid test easy to be performed in a short time, also in nephropatic patients who are very sensitive to pharmacological noxae. PMID- 1223946 TI - [Frequency of antigen associated to hepatitis due to virus B (HBAg) and of antibody (HBAc) in healthy subjects and during of course of acute and chronic hepatitis. Radioimmunologic study]. AB - Among the several methods employed for the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and hepatitis B antibody (HBAb), radioimmunoassay is considered to be the most sensitive and specific. This paper describes a radioimmunoprecipitation test (RIP) for HBAg and HBAb standardized in our laboratory; it consists of a double antibody precipitation test in a micro-titer system employing 125I-labeled HBAg. The test is compared with double immunodiffusion (ID) and with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) in the detection of HBAg and HBAb in healthy persons and in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. RIP is 20,000 times more sensitive than ID and 2,500 times than CEP when HBAg is tested, and 40,000 times more sensitive than ID and 10,000 times than CEP for the antibody detection. Moreover the method is reproducible and specific for HBAg and HBAb. With this test the frequency of HBAg in healthy persons was 0% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 0.80% in hospital personnel and 1.17% in high risk personnel (laboratory technicians, blood products workers, ecc.). In acute viral hepatitis the frequency of HBAg was 90% at the admittance to the hospital and 70% at the dimission, while CEP detected a frequency of 85% and 20% respectively. In chronic liver disease the frequency of HBAg with the RIP method was 83.3% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 42.8% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 23% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 16.6% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The frequency of HBAb detected with RIP was 4.50% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 6.45% in hospital personnel, 0.41% in high risk personnel, 20% in acute viral hepatitis at the admittance to the hospital and 50% at the discharge, 25% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 14.2% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 15.3% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 50% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The high frequency of antibody in healthy persons with no history of hepatitis or parenteral exposure to blood transfusion suggests a widespread diffusion of hepatitis B infection and the possibility of a nonparenteral route transmission. The frequency of HBAg and HBAb in chronic liver disease as detected by a very sensitive method rises the question of a possible role of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 1223947 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of the Australia antigen]. PMID- 1223948 TI - [Radioimmunoquantization of the HBAg in clinical liver diseases]. AB - The two-step direct radioimmune test RIA used to detect hepatitis B virus associated antigen (HBsAg) appeared to be more sensitive than other immunologic assays. RIA demonstrated as HBsAg positive 90% of 20 patients with posttransfusion hepatitis; 88% of 50 patients with acute viral hepatitis; 100% of 13 patients with chronic active hepatitis and 35% of 20 patients with cirrhosis; on the other hand with positivity for HBsAg in the same patients appeared to be lower by AGD, CIEP and CF. The quantitation of HBsAg by RIA has been performed with a dose response curve obtained by use of HBsAg (ad) standard. The quantitative HBsAg data of an eight week follow-up of fully recovered 15 patients with acute B-hepatitis are reported. In the first week it appeared a distribution of the HBsAg levels into three classes of values. The concentration of HBsAg in the serum became lower week by week and in the 8th week the HBsAg was no longer detectable. The radioimmunoquantitation of HBsAg in the serum of patients suffering from chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis showed levels of antigenaemia ranging between 17 and 5100 ng ad equivalent/ml. The use of a dose response standard curve in order to quantify HBsAg in the serum represents a further increased sensitivity of RIA. PMID- 1223950 TI - [Responsibility of the immunohematologist transfusionist confronted with the problem of Australia antigen]. PMID- 1223949 TI - [Incidence of HBsAg in persons living with HBsAg carriers]. AB - The prevalence of HBsAg was studied, by Counterelectrophoresis and Radioimmunoassay, in 232 household contacts of 65 HBsAg carriers. The overall incidence of HBsAg in household contacts was 14,65%, as compared with the generally accepted figure of about 1% in the general population in Italy. As far as the prevalence of HBsAg and abnormal liver function tests is concerned, no differences were found between contacts of carriers with Chronic Active Liver Disease and contacts of asymptomatic carriers. The prevalence of HBsAg was similar in spouses (13,5%) and in blood relatives (15,3%) of carriers. It is concluded that: 1) Household contacts of HBsAg carriers are at higher risk of acquiring HBsAg infection than the general population. 2) Such risk is not increased by the presence of Chronic Active Liver Disease in the index cases. 3) Further studies are required in order to clarify the relative roles of environmental and genetic factors as determinants of HBsAg transmission. PMID- 1223951 TI - [New pathogenetic aspects of hepatitis B in relation to finding HBAg inhibitor in the intestinal mucosa and human feces]. AB - Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) positive sera became negative after in vitro incubation with homogenates of human faeces or intestinal mucosa. This was found to occur in all sera tested by various methods. These findings suggest the existence in the human intestine of a substance able to inactivate the HBAg and that it is not an antibody or of the nature of interferon. The presence of an inhibitor could explain why B-type hepatitis is seldom if ever faecally transmitted and also the low oral infectiousness of the B virus. PMID- 1223952 TI - [Sensitivity and various radioimmunologic procedures for the research and typization of the antigen and antibody of hepatitis B]. AB - The kinetics of solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) procedures for HBsAg detection were explored. Most HBsAg-positive sera showed an evident prozone phenomenon and the optimal reaction zone occurred at considerable dilution rates. Subsequent dilutions (in negative serum) resulted in a linear decrease of counts, plotted on log-logit graphs, to the lowest level of positivity (cpm positive serum/cpm negative sera=2.1/1). As compared with commercial solid-phase substrates, the sensitivity of HBsAg detection was enhanced when the SPRIA procedure was carried out in small polystyrene tubes, previously coated with purified antibody by simple contact. Various SPRIA procedures were described for HBsAg typing and suggested also as confirmatory tests for suspect positive sera. The sensitivity and the kinetics of three methods for the detection of anti-HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) were investigated. These methods are based upon the neutralization of a standard dose of HBsAg (methods A and B) or upon the competitive inhibition of labeled antibody (method C). One of these methods fits the combined detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs. Finally, some SPRIA procedures were suggested for anti-HBs typing and some applications were shown. PMID- 1223953 TI - [Geographical differences in the incidence of Australia antigen in chronic liver diseases]. AB - In order to evaluate the role of the Australia Antigen and of the many other factors commonly invoked in the etiology of chronic liver diseases a series of study have been performed by radioimmunoassay on: a group of blood donors who showed persistent antigenemia and two groups of patients with chronic hepatitis who were studied respectively at Brescia General Hospital and at the Departement of Internal Medicine of the University of Naples. The results were as it follows: 1) Liver damage, from mild to severe (from transient increase of GOT and GPT levels to cirrhosis) was present in 69 out of 145 blood donors with persistent antigenemia. 2) Antigenemia was more frequent in the neapolitan group of patients not only when considering the entire study population (39%) but also when the cirrhotic group was considered (40.7%). In the Brescia study group the figures were 11.7% and 8.6% respectively. 3) Comparable high incidence of antigenemia was present in both groups when only patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver carcinoma were considered. 4) When only patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis were considered the incidence of antigenemia was remarkably different. PMID- 1223954 TI - [HBAg-RIA as a parameter of functional evaluation of viral hepatitis]. AB - The investigation of HBAg by RIA appears to be very helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of viral hepatitis. In most cases, a prolonged antigenemia is more strongly indicative of chronic evolution of the illness than other parameters. The persistence of HBAg, therefore, is significant for the persistence of viral infection. PMID- 1223955 TI - [Detection of anti-HBAg by solid phase radioimmunoassay using labeled human antibody]. AB - A new solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique for the detection of anti-HBAg is described. The test is characterized by a neutralization step of guinea-pig anti HBAg by means of HBAg-RIA positive pooled sera. The first results obtained using this technique gave 21 anti-HBAg positive sera (26.9%) among 78 institutionalized subjects. One of these sera was HBAg positive at the same time. PMID- 1223956 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of hepatitis antigen and its clinical implications]. AB - The AA. carrie out an analysis of the results obtained by means of the radioimmunologic method and concludes as follows: 1) Au-positive acute hepatitis represent the more largely diffused form among adult people; 2) from a clinical point of view, it seems appropriate to modify definitions of A and B hepatitis, of infectious hepatitis or serum hepatitis, classifying this disease as follows: a) hepatitis with positive antigenemy; b) hepatitis with negative antigenemy; and this independently from the anamnestic and epidemiologic elements. In the second part of this report, the AA., after introducing some considerations on the effects of the therapy by means of steroids, illustrate the data concerning a study carried out on a group of Au-positive and Au-negative subjects, subdivided into treated and non treated patients. From these analysis, even if a statistical survey has not been made, no elements are noticed, able to differentiate the behaviour of the two groups of hepatitis studied, in comparison with the therapy by means of steroids. One single Au-negative case, within a certain period of time, after the therapy with steroids, showed the presence of a positivity of immunologic phenomena only by the radioimmunoassay. PMID- 1223957 TI - [Research on Au antigen by radioimmunologic method: retrospective study on 2491 transfusions]. AB - The AA. have researched Au antigen by solid phase radioimmunoassay technique (RIA) in 2491 sera kept in freezer and relative to as many transfusions made in the 7 previous months and already selected for Au antigen by electrosyneresis. In base of the retrospective analysis, the AA. noticed that 82 patients had received 91 RIA positive transfusions. Precise clinical news could be collected on 50 patients, while laboratory tests relative to Au antigen and transaminase were carried out on 42 patients. In this group there were 4 Au positive ictero hepatitises and 4 probable hepatitises with only change of transaminase without Au antigen. Two patients showed the presence of Au antigen only. In the control sample of 50 patients who have received the same number of RIA negative transfusions, the AA. found a moderate alteration of transaminase in 2 patients. Three patients showed the presence of Au antigen without any alteration. The Authors have also determined both the relationship between Au positive transfusions and the hepatitises which were observed afterwards, and the possible reasons for the low incidence of hepatitises related to the number of Au positive transfusions. PMID- 1223958 TI - [Detection of Australia antigen by radioimmunoassay during a course of viral hepatitis]. AB - The AA. carried out the research of Australia Antigen by radioimmunoassay (RIA) as well as with counter-electrophoresis technique (CE) on 142 patients with acute viral hepatitis. For comparison the RIA determination of the Australia Antigen was also performed on 26 blood donors, already established Au positive by a preliminary screening with CE method. On the 142 patients examined, the RIA permitted the detection of 19 as Au positive above the number evidenced by the less-sensitive CE technique. The Au antigen levels, determined quantitatively in conventional units (c.u./0,1 ml of serum), continually decreased with the progress of the disease toward recovery. Yet, in 23 cases (44,3%), the antigen was still present in the serum after normalization of transaminases. The AA. call attention to the importance the Au positive hepatitis convalescents and Au positive blood donors could have in the transmission of the disease. The antigen levels of blood donors, when determined with RIA, were found comparable to those observed in the acute phase of viral hepatitis. PMID- 1223959 TI - [Incidence of HBAg in various liver diseases (comparison between radioimmunologic methods and methods of passive hemagglutination)]. AB - In order to determine the frequency of HBAg in Campania, the AA. have examined a large number of liver patients accurately selected and subdivided in five classes: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma, and various liver diseases. They have employed radioimmuno assays (RIA) with human and guinea pig antibodies and techniques of passive haemoagglutination. The percentage of HBAg positive subjects among the various classes of liver diseases determined with these techniques is significantly higher than the one remarked by the AA. in 1972 by electrosineresis on the same population. Both RIA and haemoagglutination supply satisfactory results, although for haemoagglutination one must remember the subjectiveness of the reading. PMID- 1223960 TI - [Variations of functional parameters in chronic aggressive HBAg positive and negative hepatitis by means of radioimmunologic method (preliminary note)]. AB - 43 subjects, affected by chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) have been divided into two groups according to the presence of HBAg. No statistically significant differences between the two groups have been provided. The two classes of subjects (HBAg + and -) were also divided into the already treated (with immunosuppressive drugs) and untreated to investigate the eventual differences existing between the two classes. The results of this division was that previously treated subjects present a lower total bilirubin (P less than 0.05) in respect to those that were not treated previously. The results of all the other comparisons carried out and the tested correlations were negligible. In conclusion, bearing in mind the inadequate methods used up to now to research the HBAg, the transversal studies show that CAH patients are both affected by the same syndrome, whether the HBAg is positive or negative. However, it is probable that it is not the carrier state of HBAg which enables the liver disease evolution but the liver disease itself enables the cellular immunity disorders that often appear in the course of CAH. PMID- 1223961 TI - [Identification of antigen of hepatitis MS2 in the menstrual blood]. AB - 35 samples of menstrual blood were examined and HBAg has been found (with the RIA method) always and only at the same time with venous antigenemia. HBAg has been also found in one only among four samples of cervicouterine secretions taken during antigenemia and far from the menstrual period. PMID- 1223962 TI - [On data-suited documentation of therapy of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1223963 TI - [Experiments on increasing the value of cytodiagnosis from body cavity effusions in malignant tumors]. PMID- 1223964 TI - [Response of peripheral blood and bone marrow to combined irradiation]. PMID- 1223965 TI - [The influence of vitamin preparations on the activity of various enzymes of protein metabolism in the irradiated organism]. PMID- 1223966 TI - Modification of cancer cells radiosensitivity. III. Influence of the crabtree effect on radiosensitivity of yoshida sarcoma solid tumours. PMID- 1223967 TI - [Acceleration of the aging process through ionizing radiation. 1. Changes in latency of rat spleen and kidney explantates in relation to age of the animals and following the effect of ionizing radiation]. PMID- 1223968 TI - Noncalcified pleural plaque presenting as extrapleural mass. AB - Noncalcified pleural plaques may present as extrapleural masses. This benign entity must be considered in a differential diagnosis of pleural lesions. A case report is presented and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 1223969 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of cysts of the breast. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of cysts of the breast are described. Surgical intervention in the vast majority of affected patients may be avoided by pneumocystography, a procedure involving puncture of the cyst, aspiration of its contents, air insufflation and interpretation of radiographs obtained in at least two planes. A smooth inner wall of the cyst indicates the common benign lesion. Irregularity of the inner wall is an absolute indication for surgical excision of the lesion. PMID- 1223970 TI - Cisternography of the chiasmatic and interpeduncular cisterns in mediotemporal expanding lesions. AB - A combined angiographic-cisternographic approach is described by which small tumours originating from the medial wall of the temporal lobe can be detected, even when conventional neuroradiological techniques failed to do so. The cisternographic technique used in these cases is described in detail and other applications of this procedure are demonstrated. PMID- 1223971 TI - [Rare case of an adult teratoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - The teratoma is a dysgenetic tumor consisting of tridermal differentiation products. The most common classification is made according to maturity - benign adult teratoma and malign nonmature embryonal teratoma. In the case demonstrated, a 15-year-old male suffers from tiredness, paleness and pains in the epigastrium. The radiological examination showed a tumor in the size of a fist with a number of teeth located partly within the stomach. The histological findings after operation confirmed the diagnosis of a coetaneous (= adult) gastric teratoma. The discussion shows that all cases of gastric teratoma published until 1972 are male, in 77% under the age of 1 year, in 13% under the age of 10, and only in 10% over the age of 10 years. PMID- 1223972 TI - Radiological topography and classification of angioma-like arterial networks in cerebro-vascular collateral circulation. AB - The radiological appearance and localization of collateral cerebrovascular networks are described. The development and distribution of these arterial networks is due to the site of internal carotid artery stenoses. Including interposed arterial nets, the following types are classified: (1) basal arterial networks near the carotid siphon; (2) arterial networks in the region of the basal ganglia (Moyamoya syndrome); (3) ethmoid arterial networks; (4) arterial networks on the cerebral convexity representing transdural external-internal carotid anastomoses, and (5) circumscribed arterial networks interposed in the course of a major cerebral vessel. The differential diagnostic criteria and aetiological factors of these anastomotic intracranial networks are discussed. PMID- 1223973 TI - Selective bronchial arteriography in children. AB - Twenty nine selective bronchial arteriographies were carried out in 25 children. In 5 cases the findings were normal. In 1 case an aneurysm of the bronchial artery was demonstrated as the source of the bleeding into the bronchus in a case of Rendu-Weber-Osler syndrome. In 1 case a plasmocytoma and in another one a congenital haemangiomatous network with many anastomoses to the pulmonary circulation was demonstrated. In most cases of chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease, the bronchial arteries were dilated and bronchopulmonary anastomoses were visualized. These changes seemed to be a measure of the extent of the disease and of the severity of the functional disturbance in pulmonary tissue, even when only regional. Selective bronchial arteriography is recommended in all cases of haemoptysis, in chronic pulmonary collapse and in chronic inflammatory lung disease in order to determine the source of the bleeding and the extent of involvement of the pulmonary interstitium. PMID- 1223974 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the posterior mediastinum. AB - Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rare finding seen in some cases of chronic hemolytic anemia. A case of a 56-year-old man with congenital spherocytosis and characteristic lobulated masses in the posterior mediastinum, considered to be ectopic hematopoietic tissue, is reported. Biopsy in such cases is not necessary and may be dangerous. PMID- 1223975 TI - The differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease by conventional radiological examination. AB - The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease are discussed on the basis of 35 patients observed at the Kantonsspital of Lucerne. The value of various radiographic signs as indicators of the stage and duration and the activity of the disease is critically analysed. Functional radiological signs, such as spasm, hypertonia and edema of the intestinal folds cannot be interpreted as early signs of Crohn's disease. On the other hand, advanced radiological lesions may be found although the disease is clinically acute and of recent onset. Sometimes, the radiological differential diagnosis against advanced ulcerative colitis or acute ileitis is made only on the basis of follow-up studies and the evolution of the lesions. PMID- 1223976 TI - [Plain film diagnosis in coarctation of the aorta]. AB - The authors emphasize the importance of plain films in showing abnormalities of the aortic arch, which should permit the early radiographic diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta, before the late appearance of rib notching and cardiac enlargement. These anomalies include the elongated aortic arch, the 'figure-3' sign, the 'double indentation' sign, and the dilatation of the ascending aorta. The plain film diagnosis in newborns and infants is difficult, because of subtle or absent change of the aortic arch. Cardiomegaly with left ventricular hypertrophy may give the diagnostic clue. PMID- 1223977 TI - Radiobiology and the role of the radiobiologist in the context of a teaching oriented radiation oncology department. AB - This discussion concerns the function of a radiobiologist in the radiation oncology department of a hospital which maintains a radiation oncology training program. This involves teaching and research, both of which contribute to the oncology residents' total learning experience. The teaching commitment emphasizes the radiobiological basis of clinical problems, and makes use of both lectures and clinical experience to generate the teaching situations. As a part of the research commitment, the radiobiologist acts as an interface between clinical experience and research. He accomplishes this by maintaining a research program oriented toward clinical problems and organizing a research rotation during which the oncology trainees are able to participate in a specific research project. Radiobiology teaching and research must be relevant to the clinical experience of the oncologist. PMID- 1223978 TI - Experimental investigation of source-block distance to source-surface distance ratios for cuboid and beam-divergence-shaped shadow blocks for cobalt-60 teletherapy. AB - The partial transmission zone (PTZ) measured in air and its radiation shadow components are identified quantitatively and qualitatively for both cuboid and beam-divergence-shaped blocks. Source-block distance (SBD) and source-surface distance (SSD) are varied to produce SBD/SSD ratios from 0.71 to 0.86. The variation of the magnitude of the radiation shadow components as a function of SBD/SSD is explained in terms of a radiation shadow model. The clinical significance of PTZ minimization and a comparison between PTZs of 'shaped' and 'nonshaped' blocks is discussed. For small ratios of SBD/SSD the beam-divergence shaped blocks produce smaller medial and lateral PTZs, whereas for larger ratios in the order of 0.9 the medial PTZ is also small for the cuboid blocks. Both PTZs, in general, decrease with increasing SBD/SSD ratios and for both cuboid and beam-divergence-shaped blocks. PMID- 1223979 TI - Autologous blood clot embolization into a bleeding renal artery pseudoaneurysm. AB - A young girl suffering from anuria due to periarteritis nodosa developed severe bleeding after left kidney needle biopsy. Angiography revealed, in addition to changes in the renal vascular tree, two saccular pseudoaneurysms in the course of a lobar artery in the left kidney. These caused life-threatening bleeding from the urinary tract. An autologous blood clot was injected into the bleeding artery by selective catherization, which resulted in cessation of bleeding for a period of 15 h, and thus permitted the performance of surgical intervention - nephrectomy - under more suitable conditions. PMID- 1223980 TI - Intestinal flora in health and disease. PMID- 1223982 TI - [Differences in the microscopic and submicroscopic structures as well as the clinical course of subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin]. PMID- 1223981 TI - Nutrition and diseases of the blood: the megaloblastic anaemias. PMID- 1223983 TI - [Carcinoma spinocellulare dyskeratoticum segregans cuti]. PMID- 1223984 TI - [Syphilis in patients over 60 years of age in the records of the Department of Dermatology of the Medical Academy in Bialystok]. PMID- 1223985 TI - [Syphilis among juveniles in Poznan in 1970-1974]. PMID- 1223986 TI - [Treatment of gonorrhea with vibramycin Pfizer]. PMID- 1223987 TI - [Adenosis sebacea eruptiva perstans following a 26-year-long course]. PMID- 1223988 TI - [Malignant transformation of a benign eccrine neoplasm of the sweat glands]. PMID- 1223989 TI - [Clinical appraisal of Canesten]. PMID- 1223990 TI - A rapid, simple and more sensitive method for the demonstration of central catecholamine-containing neurons and axons by glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence: I. Specificity. AB - Perfusion fixation with a mixture of paraformaldehyde and glyoxylic acid facilitates the histochemical demonstration of catecholamine-containing brain neurons. With this fixation, sections can be cut reproducibly with a cryostat and the fluorophore developed by immersion in glyoxylic acid without freeze-drying. Large sections of brain can be examined by fluorescence microscopy within 1 hour of fixation or stored for later examination. The properties of the fluorophore and the location of the fluorescent elements is identical with the neurons and terminal arborizations demonstrated by previous glyoxylic acid methods. Monoamine oxidase inhibition before fixation results in moderately increased fluorescence of terminals and perikarya, while all glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence is abolished by pre-treatment with reserpine. The rapidity and simplicity of this technique may make fluorescence histochemistry of central catecholamine pathways more accessible to psychopharmacologists. PMID- 1223991 TI - Chlorpromazine induced hyperphagia in the rat. AB - During a four month period, 20 rats treated with subcutaneous injections of chlorpromazine (CPZ), at any dose tested, gained less weight than saline treated controls. However, increased feeding did occur on the first day of CPZ treatment if the animal was drug free for at least two days prior to treatment. The "first day" hyperphagia was a time limited response that did not occur until 8 hours after CPZ injection and lasted only one day. During the period of hyperphagia, treated animals showed increased motivation to obtain food. Although sedation is a marked effect of CPZ and may be the reason for the delayed onset of hyperphagia, sedation with a different drug does not cause hyperphagia. It is suggested that accumulation of a metabolite of CPZ may interfere with the feeding response and cause the hyperphagia to disappear after the first day of treatment. PMID- 1223992 TI - A developmental study of the effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on regional tryptophan hydroxylase in rat brain. AB - Tryptophan hydroxylase activity rises rapidly after birth in 5 distinct regions of the rat CNS. Near-adult levels of activity are recorded by 22 days of age in the cell-body rich regions of the brainstem and by 42 days in the terminal-rich areas, hypothalamus and remaining forebrain. The intracisternal injection of 40 mug 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on day 2 after birth results in a near-total depletion of tryptophan hydroxylase in all CNS regions analyzed 6 or 12 days after drug administration. Enzyme activity recovers (to 11-24% of age matched controls) between day 12 and 20 after 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in hypothalamus, midbrain and pons medulla oblongata. The growth of 5,7-DHT-treated animals is retarded between 3 and 40 days after drug administration. PMID- 1223993 TI - Dose-ranging studies of clonazepam in man. AB - A potent benzodiazepin derivative, clonazepam, was studied over a range of single doses to determine tolerance for the drug. The best tolerated doses were 0.5 and 1 mg. Higher doses were associated with considerable evidence of sedation, more easily detected by clinical questioning and observation than by commonly used self-reporting scales or motor tests. PMID- 1223994 TI - Centrally active phenethylamines. AB - The two-carbon homologs of two potent psychotomimetic agents are described. Unlike the parent isopropylamine compounds (4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, DOM, STP; and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, PBR, 4-BR) these phenethylamines lead to an intoxication state which is, in normal subjects, of short duration and of greatly increased sensory enhancement, but which does not superimpose hallucinogenesis. These two phenethylamines, 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (II) and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (III), are active in man at oral levels of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/Kg, approximately one tenth the potency of their three carbon counterparts. PMID- 1223995 TI - Dose-related effects of central noradrenaline stimulation on behavioural arousal in rats. AB - The general activity of rats in an open field test situation was observed following the central administration of isotonic saline and 0.5 and 2.0 mug of noradrenaline into the locus coeruleus. A significant increase in activity was found following the 0.5 mug, but not the 2.0 mug dose. The results are consistent with other reports indicating that low doses of centrally administered noradrenaline produce behavioural arousal whereas higher doses may result in behavioural depression. In addition, these findings suggest that the noradrenergic neurons arising from the locus coeruleus may be important for the arousal status of rats. PMID- 1223996 TI - Dipsogenic effects of intra and extracellular thirst stimuli before and after chronic DFP treatment. AB - The water intake of rats was observed following subcutaneous administration of intra and extracellular thirst stimuli (hypertonic saline, polyethylene glycol, angiotensin, and isoproterenol) before and after chronic treatment with the anticholinesterase agent, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), and its arachis oil vehicle. Only hypertonic saline and isoproterenol reliably increased water intake in both groups prior to chronic treatment. After chronic treatment hypertonic saline produced the same degree of water intake in the DFP-treated and control animals, but isoproterenol appeared to produce a greater degree of water intake in the DFP-treated than in the control rats. These results suggest that there are no gross disturbances in the mechanisms underlying intra and extracellular thirst stimuli following the development of tolerance to DFP. PMID- 1223997 TI - Effects of perphenazine on imipramine metabolism in man. AB - In previous studies we have shown that perphenazine inhibits the metabolism of nortriptyline and imipramine. In this study the metabolism of 14C-imipramine and 14C-desipramine was studied before and during treatment with perphenazine. Studies on the imipramine and desipramine metabolites in urine showed that the major effect of perphenazine is an inhibition of the 2-hydroxylation of imipramine and desipramine. This causes a decreased formation and excretion of non-conjugated and glucuronide bound hydroxy metabolites and accumulation of imipramine and desipramine. There was some relationship between the dose of perphenazine and the decrease in total urinary excretion but the individual variations in response were pronounced (2-3-fold). PMID- 1223999 TI - Fenfluramine: evidence for a neurotoxic action on midbrain and a long-term depletion of serotonin. AB - A single injection of fenfluramine (100 mumol/kg) produced evidence of neurotoxicity in cresyl violet or silver stained sections of rat brain which was restricted to the serotonergic (B-9) cell group located in the ventromedial midbrain tegmentum. Reacting cells throughout this region exhibited an irregular shape and an intense staining of the cytoplasm, while in the caudal 1/4 of this region the reacting cells also exhibited a perineuronal space. These effects were greatly reduced in the rostral 3/4 of B-9 at 14 and 30 days after fenfluramine. In the caudal 1/4 of B-9 the neurotoxic actions remained prominent and included signs of cellular dissolution. These signs of an irreversible degenerative effect of fenfluramine on cells in the caudal 1/4 of the B-9 region were identical to those seen after p-CA, while the effects in the rostral 3/4 of B-9 were not as prominent. The differential neurotoxic effects of fenfluramine and p-CA on cells in the rostral 3/4 of B-9 were associated with a differential effect on serotonin content of hippocampus and amygdala. PMID- 1223998 TI - D & L amphetamine stereoisomers: comparative potencies in affecting the firing of central dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. AB - The effect of the d- and l-isomers of amphetamine on the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra zona compacta and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus was studied in anesthetized and gallamine paralyzed rats using single unit recording techniques. d- and l-Amphetamine administered intravenously were equally effective in depressing the activity of locus coeruleus cells. However, although d-amphetamine was a potent inhibitor of substantia nigra dopamine containing cells, l-amphetamine was ineffective in causing more than a 45% inhibition of over half of the DA cells studied, even when given in nearly lethal doses. In the remaining dopamine neurons l-amphetamine was only 0.2 to 0.05 times as potent as d-amphetamine in producing both 50 and 100% inhibition of firing rate. These findings, when combined with recent biochemical studies by other authors, suggest that l-amphetamine, at low doses, has a preferential effect on noradrenergic as compared to dopaminergic neurons. The consequences of these findings for the interpretation of studies in which d- and l-amphetamine have been used as pharmacological tools to determine the catecholamine system responsible for a particular behavior in man and animals is discussed. PMID- 1224000 TI - Methylene reductase: responsible for the in vitro formation of formaldehyde from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. AB - Formaldehyde formation from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, as well as its further reaction with beta -phenylthanolamine to form a tetrahidroisoquinoline derivative, is activated in rat crude tissue extracts by the addition of menadione to the incubation mixtures. FAD also stimulates the process in the presence of oxygen, but fails to do so in the absence of the latter compound. Together, FAD and menadione maximally stimulate the formation of formaldehyde, or of the amine derivative, under anaerobic conditions. These properties of the "formaldehyde-forming enzyme" correlate to those previously reported for methylene reductase and strongly suggest that both enzyme activities are identical. PMID- 1224001 TI - H3-p-chloroamphetamine: cerebral levels and distribution. AB - Whole-brain levels of radioactivity were assessed at 0,2,6,12, or 24 hours, 1 1/2,2,7,10, and 14 days after intraventricular injection of H3 -p-CA. Urinary excretion and peripheral distribution were also followed for one week. The rate of elimination of total radioactivity from brain is biphasic with a T 1/2 of 1.2 hours and 2.5 days after intraventricular and 4.2 hours and 1.9 days after intraperitoneal injection of p-CA. The distribution into cerebellum, neocortex, brainstem, and telencephalon was studied at 1 hour, 2,3,5, and 7 days after injection. At both three and seven days, the radioactivity is still present in all the areas of the brain. The contribution of H3-p-CA to total radioactivity in the toluene extractable fraction was measured. By twelve hours, four chromatographically distinct peaks of radioactivity can be isolated from the toluene extract. The radiolabel in the subcellular fractions was also determined. There is a significant shift of radiolabel from the supernatant to organelle bound phases between three and seven days. PMID- 1224002 TI - Regional distribution of norepinephrine and dopamine in brains of depressive suicides and alcoholic suicides. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) and Dopamine (DA) were measured in 30 brain areas of depressive suicides and alcoholic suicides and in controls who had died of natural causes, in an effort to test directly the "catecholamine hypothesis" of depressive illness. Levels of NE were highest in the hypothalamus, tegmentum of pons, red nucleus and mesencephalic tegmentum; lowest in centrum semi-ovale, hippocampus and cingulate gyrus. Highest values for DA were found in the putamen, head of caudate, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, red nucleus and a few areas of the hypothalamus; lowest in cerebral cortex, ventral pons and thalamus. Our data showing a slight increase in NE levels in four areas of the suicide brains is probably of little clinical importance. In no case were the NE or DA levels in the suicide brains significantly less than in the controls. Alteration of monoamine metabolism as an etiologic factor in depressive illness remains a possibility if the mechanism involves blocking of the uptake of amines into neurons or changes in membrane permeability. It is unlikely that an alteration of amine metabolism per se is involved, since four selected metabolizing enzymes previously studied showed no difference in activity and the present study shows no depletion of amines. PMID- 1224003 TI - The effects of dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) on cerebral cortical neurons. AB - 2-Dimethylaminoethanol and acetylcholine were iontophoretically tested on deep, spontaneously firing, neurons of the rat cerebral cortex. All identified corticospinal cells and 71% of the unidentified ones were excited by Deanol. Eight percent of the latter group were inhibited. All but one neuron responded similarly to ACh and Deanol, when both substances were tested on the same neuron. Atropine reversibly blocked these responses. The implications of these observations are discussed with regard to cholinergic synapses in the brain and the rationalization of the therapeutic use of Deanol. PMID- 1224004 TI - Effects of molindone on central dopaminergic neuronal activity and metabolism: similarity to other neuroleptics. AB - The effect of molindone on the activity of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the rat midbrain and on DA metabolism in the striatum and olfactory tubercles was studied using extracellular single unit recording and biochemical techniques respectively. Molindone in low intravenous doses (0.4-0.8 mg/kg) was found to reverse d-amphetamine and apomorphine induced depression of DA neurons and to block apomorphine induced depression of these cells. Molindone was also found to increase dopamine synthesis and dihydroxyphenylactic acid levels in the striatum and olfacotry tubercles. In all of these respects molindone behaves identically to most classical neuroleptics. However, unlike most antipsychotic drugs previously tested, molindone failed to increase the baseline firing rate of DA cells and blocked haloperidol induced increases in DA neuron activity. In this regard molindone most closely resembles thioridazine and clozapine. Possible mechanisms of action of molindone are discussed based on these findings. PMID- 1224005 TI - Metabolic O-demethylation of the psychotomimetic amine 1-(2, 5-dimetroxy-4 methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane. AB - In an effort to more fully characterize the metabolic fate of the psychotomimetic amine (1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylpheny.)-2-aminopropane (DOM, STP), the formation of the two possible monophenols and the p-hydroquinone metabolites of the parent drug by 10,000 X g supernatent fractions of rabbit liver homogenates has been investigated. All three metabolites have been fully characterized and quantitatively estimated by chemical ionization mass spectrometry with the aid of deuterium enriched compounds. The stereochemical course of the mono-O demethylation reactions has been shown to proceed with enantiomeric enrichment of the S-aminophenols. The mechanistic implications concerning the mode of action of the parent drug and metabolic O-demethylation are discussed. PMID- 1224006 TI - Effects of superoxide dismutase on the auto-oxidation of 7, 8 dihydroxychlorpromazine in the presence of rat brain mitochondria. AB - 7,8-Dihydroxychlorpromazine 7,8-diOH-CPZ) is known to undergo auto-oxidation when exposed to air. Hydrogen peroxide is formed during this process, and the amount formed can be calculated from the amount of oxygen produced upon the addition of catalase. In the presence of superoxide dismutase the rate of oxidation of the CPZ metabolite is accelerated, accompanied by an increased production of hydrogen peroxide. When similar incubation are carried out with rat brain mitochondria present, hydrogen peroxide production is no longer detectable. The implications of this finding with regard to in vivo hydrogen peroxide production during the auto-oxidation of 7,8-diOH-CPZ are discussed. A preliminary report has been presented (1). PMID- 1224007 TI - The release of glutamic acid from isolated brain tissues. AB - The glutamic acid and other primary amines released spontaneously and by electrical pulses from rat brain caudate and cortex were measured by the fluorescamine method. Electrical pulses evoked a transient release of glutamic acid which was greater from caudate tissue. Both morphine and reserpine, in vivo, inhibited the spontaneous glutamic acid release but not the loss of glutamic acid due to pulses. PMID- 1224008 TI - Dopaminergic effects of phencyclidine in rats with nigrostriatal lesions. AB - Phencyclidine produces a dose-dependent ipsilateral rotation in rats with unilateral substantia nigra lesions. This ipsilateral turning is decreased 41% by pretreatment with AMPT and 81% by prior administration of haloperidol. Ipsilateral turning elicited by phencyclidine can also be altered by treatment with cholinergic agents. These findings suggest that phencyclidine may be acting by increasing the availability of dopamine on the intact side of a unilaterally lesioned substantia nigra rat and that the response can be modulated by alterations in the cholinergic system. PMID- 1224009 TI - Ascorbic acid levels in chronic psychotic patients. AB - Serum ascorbic acid concentrations, taken from 37 chronically hospitalized psychiatric patients, were found to be similar to those usually encountered in normal subjects. PMID- 1224010 TI - Radioimmunoassay for desmethylimipramine. AB - This paper describes the production of antibodies against demethyl-imipramine (DMI). By using antisera, a radioimmunoassay was developed capable of detecting 0.2 ng of DMI which is linear up to 25 ng. The assay has been applied for the measurement of DMI in rat plasma and brain. The assay might find application especially when only limited amounts of blood, plasma or tissue are available. PMID- 1224011 TI - Correlation of chlorpromazine levels in rat brain and serum with its hypothermic effect. AB - The correlation between chlorpromazine (CPZ) levels in rat brain and serum with hypothermia was investigated. Even large differences between brain and serum concentrations of CPZ could be demonstrated at the two dosages of the drug investigated, the groups showed an identical hypothermic effect between 5 to 30 minutes, with maximum hypothermia being reached 1 hour. It also appears that when brain concentrations of CPZ were lower than 1 mug/g, body temperature returned to normal. We could not demonstrate any preferential uptake of CPZ into the hypothalamus, the proposed site at which CPZ acts to cause hypothermia. PMID- 1224012 TI - The influence of dietary iodine on lithium blood level, serum T4 and thyroid gland weight. AB - Lithium is both antithyroid and goitrogenic. The relationship between lithium and iodine has been assessed in rats fed diets containing different iodine content. Chronic lithium treatment caused increase in thyroid gland weight in animals on low and high iodine diets. A reciprocal relationship surfaced between serum lithium levels and dietary iodine content. Animals on low-iodine diet had lower serum lithium levels. The data support other evidence that lithium likely inhibits organification of iodine by a Wolff-Chaikoff-like effect. PMID- 1224013 TI - A sensitive GLC method for the determination of imipramine and desmethylimipramine using a nitrogen detector. AB - A sensitive method for determination of imipramine and desmethylimipramine using a GLC system fitted with a new nitrogen detector is described. The lower limit of sensitivity is less than 1 ng/ml with a lower limit enabling quantitation with acceptable precision of 3-5 ng/ml. Data from 20 control subjects given a single oral dose of imipramine are shown. PMID- 1224014 TI - Paranoid vs hebephrenic schizophrenia: clinical and familial (genetic) heterogeneity. AB - By the use of familial and genetic methods, data are presented which suggest that hebephrenic and paramoid schizophrenia are separate illnesses. The two entities have different clinical pictures and different outcomes. Hebephrenia shows a higher familial risk for schizophrenia than paramoid schizophrenia and most available data reveal that hebephrenia breeds true in the family. The relevance of the possibility that schizophrenia is composed of more than one autonomous illness to some current pharmacological theories and treatment studies is presented. PMID- 1224015 TI - The current status of research in the catecholamine theories of affective disorders. AB - The catecholamine theory suggests that there is a functional deficit of the catecholamine neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE) or dopamine (DA) at the neuronal synaptic cleft in depression and an excess in mania. Current strategies which are being utilized to investigate this theory involve: 1)studies of DA, NE, their breakdown products and synthetic and degradative enzymes in body fluids and brain tissue; 2) studies of modes of action of drug which can "activate" or decrease manic or depressive symptoms; 3) the study of pharmacological agents which affect specific aspects of NE and DA metabolism, (synthesis, release, receptor sensitivity, and degradation). The total accumlated data seems more compatible with a catecholamine hypothesis of mania than one of depression. The evidence to date does not allow one to differentiate between the importance of DA or NE either in depression of mania. PMID- 1224016 TI - The effects of lithium carbonate upon subjective state changes induced by sodium pentobarbital. AB - Behavioral and mood changes were measured for 8 normal male subjects after oral administration of sodium pentobarbital (3 mg/kg body weight). This procedure was repeated on three occasions: firstly a drug-free condition; then a condition following two weeks of maintenance 0.7 to 1.2 MEQ/L lithium carbonate; and then another drug-free condition. Intial analyses indicated a lowering of the level of euphoria reached in the lithium pentobarbital condition below that achieved after pentobarbital alone. Examination of this effect showed that the reduction after pentobarbital plus lithium was mirrored by a reduction in the baseline for the same response items due to lithium alone. The lessening of euphoria appeared to result from a general lowering of affect due to lithium maintenance. More detailed analyses showed that the quantitative response to pentobarbital was in no case reduced by lithium condition. Certain reversal effects were also discovered in which lithium plus pentobarbital acted in the opposite direction from pentobarbital alone. PMID- 1224017 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in affective illness and schizophrenia: clinical and pharmacological studies. PMID- 1224018 TI - Serotonin (5HT) systems in psychotic states. AB - Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) following probenecid was negatively correlated with prognostic variables in a group of schizophrenic patients. Acute schizophrenic patients had lower CSF 5HIIA was negatively correlated with measured activity and rated agitation in a mixed group of schizophrenic patients. There is compelling evidence that LSD directly inhibits the firing of serotonergic neurons. Individuals who developed prolonged psychotic reactions following LSD ingestion had relatively good premorbid trait histories and a family history of psychosis in 33% of cases compared to 21% for non drug-induced psychotic patients. If central serotonin system in man are mainly inhibitory, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that in some acute psychotic states a primary decreases in sertonergic neuronal activity may contribute to excessive central nervous system arousal. PMID- 1224019 TI - Neurochemical and neuropharmacological foundations of the sleep disorders. PMID- 1224020 TI - [Effects of the ashes of the Irazu volcano (Costa Rica) on various insects]. AB - A study of the 1963-1965 eruptions of the Irazu volcano (Costa Rica) showed that the ashes altered the ecological conditions of a great number of insects. Experiments suggest a mechanical action of the abrasive particles on the epicuticle, making it permeable, and thus accelerating dehydration. Other insects, such as the honey bee (Apis mellifera), were not affected externally but through the ingestion of ash-contaminated nectar and by the massive destruction of the vegetation on which they depended. Great destruction of bee populations was observed during 1964 and 1965-66 in the San Jose area. On the other hand, the volcanic ash apparently favored other insects, especially those protected by a waxy secretion, and by the possible elimination of their natural enemies, to such proportions that they became pests of economic significance. PMID- 1224021 TI - [Description of an economic and simple methods for the study of karyotyping in serpents]. AB - We describe a method for the preparation of snake chromosomes in metaphase, based on the in vivo stimulation of leucocytes with crude phytohemagglutinin from Phaseolus lunatus and the in vitro blocking of mitosis with colchicine. It has the advantage of preserving the specimen alive without the complications of cell culture, and can be performed under field conditions. PMID- 1224022 TI - The dispensing of radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 1224023 TI - Analysis of radionuclide kinetic data. PMID- 1224024 TI - Organisation of the specialty of nuclear medicine. PMID- 1224025 TI - [Sudden deafness through labyrinthine window rupture (oval or round) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224026 TI - [Perilynphatic fistula after stapedectomy: closing with tragal perichondrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224027 TI - [Radiation therapy and surgical treatment of the metastasis of the laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224028 TI - [Som's hemilaryngectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224029 TI - [Functional neck dissection in the surgery of the laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224030 TI - [Controlled extra-mucosal rhinoplasty (Robin's technique). Personal experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224031 TI - [Psychologic contributions to smoking behavior, smoking withdrawal and non smoking training]. PMID- 1224032 TI - [Hemo and cross dialysis treatment in phalloidin intoxication in the waking rat]. AB - In vitro 14C-Methyl-Phalloidin is found to be well dialysable; in vivo dialysis is less effective. In rats the application of 2 mg/kg Phalloidin i.v. led to death after 106 minutes on the average. Hemodialysis with electrolyte-glucose solution or with plasma protein solution immediately started after Phalloidin injection did not alter the survival time significantly. Only a group of rats which was cross dialysed immediately after intoxication showed a statistically insignificant prolongation of survival time of 16 minutes. The histomorphological findings of the liver were similar in all groups. We found a phalloidinic vacuolisation of the cytoplasm of the lobular periphery, hemorrhagic necrosis and also fatty changes in the periphery of the lobule with small fat droplets and pycnosis of nuclei. Specific Phalloidin effects, too, were found in the liver of both animals used in cross-dialysis, which proves that Phalloidin is dialysable by this method. PMID- 1224033 TI - [Cardiodepressive action of bencyclan (author's transl)]. AB - In the isolated guinea pigs atria as well as in anaesthetized cats and dogs we studied the cardiovascular effects of bencyclan. The following results were found: 1.) Bencyclan causes a dose-dependent diminution of the force of contraction, the maximal rate of rise of contraction, and the frequency of the isolated atria, while the functional refractory period is prolonged. 2.) The negative inotropic effect of bencyclan can be antagonized in the isolated atria by increasing Ca+++ -concentrations. 3.) In the isolated left atria the effect of orciprenaline is unchanged while the effect of serotonin is diminished by bencyclan. 4.) In the anaesthetized cat 5 mg/kg of bencyclan cause a significant decrease of blood-pressure and contractility. While the fall of blood-pressure is reversed within a few minutes, the contractility is diminished for a longer time. 5.) 2 of 10 cats and 2 of 3 dogs died within a few minutes when 5 mg/kg bencyclan and 1 mg/kg propranolol were injected within an interval of 15 minutes. 6.) Pretreatment with 20 mg/kg propranolol i.m. does not increase the acute toxicity of bencyclan in mice significantly. PMID- 1224034 TI - The response of the dog colon mucosa one hour's ischaemia. AB - Segments of dog colon were subjected to one hour's ischaemia, and their morphology and function were studied either immediately after the ischaemia or 24 hours later. As functional tests, net sodium transport across the mucosa in vitro, the transport capacity in vitro for sugars and amino-acids, tissue respiration, lactate production, and the liberation of acid phosphatase were applied. Immediately after the ischaemia, all parameters differed significantly from the control mucosa: net sodium transport was abolished; amino-acid and sugar uptake, oxygen consumption and lactate production were reduced; and lysosomal enzyme release was increased. All parameters, except sugar uptake, had normalised 24 hours after the trauma. Histological examinations revealed much variation in the lesions occurring after the ischaemia, varying from slight epithelial desquamation to considerable mucosal destruction. In most cases, the mucosa had almost normalised 24 hours later. Morphometric analysis revealed decreased mean mucosal thickness immediately after the trauma, though 24 hours later, there was again no significant difference with the control group. PMID- 1224035 TI - [The effect of ascorbic acid on the hypercholesterolemia in experimental cholestasis and aminonucleoside nephrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rats by experimental cholestasis and aminonucleoside nephrosis. After ascorbic acid administration the hypercholesterolemia was significantly decreased in both cases. In the case of cholestasis serum choelsterol was normal and in the case of nephrosis serum cholesterol remained above normal. PMID- 1224036 TI - Single nephron study of intrarenal urea handling in experimental pyelonephritis. AB - Micropuncture experiments were carried out in 20 rats with bilat. experimental chronic pyelonephritis. Inulin and urea concentrations were estimated in the late proximal, early distal and latte distal nephron segment. Proximal urea reabsorption did not differ from that in control animals. Fractional amount of filtered urea in the early distal segment was significantly lower in the pyelonephritic rats, urea reabsorption in the distal tubule approcimated zero. The data indicate that intrarenal urea recirculation is abolished by the experimental lesion, thus determining maximal urine urea concentration. It is suggested that the concentrating defect of experimental pyelonephritis is not only a result of an adaptational increase in individual nephron GFR; an additional intrinsic lesion seems to be present, located in the renal medulla. PMID- 1224037 TI - Inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion by vinblastine. AB - Inbred BALB/c mice were given vinblastine sulfate (VelbeR) and/or pilocarpine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and amylase activity was determined in the pancreas homogenate. When vinblastine was given 5 hours before measuring the pancreatic amylase content it inhibited the pilocarpine stimulated (2 hours) pancreatic secretion in a dosis-dependent fashion at doses 4, 40 and 400 mg/kg. Vinblastine (200 mg/kg) also delayed amylase accumulation during 3 hours in mice given vinblastine 2 hours after pilocarpine stimulation. The results support the hypothesis that faultless function and integrity of microtubules might be a prerequisite of pancreatic acinar cell secretion in vivo. Other effects of vinblastine, such as interference with amino acid metabolism, anticholinergic action, and cell injury must also be considered when interpreting the present findings form the point of view of the secretory mechanism of the pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 1224038 TI - Solubilization of human spermatozoa and antigen isolation responsable for agglutination. AB - Spermatozoa were solubilized by cleaving the disulphide bonds with dithioerythrol and protecting the weak antigen responsable for spermagglutination with Na dodecylsulphate. The fact that spermagglutinating activity could still be absorbed from female sera by solubilized spermatozoa indicates that the antigen has not been destroyed by the applied procedure. By gelelectrophoresis four fractions could be separated. Antibody fraction from four sera and three cervical mucus samples of women with humoral spermagglutinating antibody--activity were used as indicator antbodies in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of solubilized spermatozoa. As negative controls served four sera and two cervical mucus samples. A precipitation line could only be detected in positive cases. The second spermfraction of gel-electrophoresis was found to contain the antigen reacting with the known antibodies from the applied FD-positive sera and cervical mucus samples. PMID- 1224039 TI - [Exocrine function of pancreas in chronic hypocalcemia. Studies in parathyroidectomized rats (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of chronic hypocalcemia, induced by parathyroidectomy on exocrine function of pancreas was studied in rats. The concentration of total calcium in pancreatic juice was decreased in the PTX-animals, in respect to the flow rate, however no decrease in output was seen. After an initial increase of the secretion of alpha-amylase no differences to normal rats could be observed. The flow rate of PTX-rats was significantly higher than that of normal rats. These results suggest that the exocrine pancreatic function of rats is not changed very much in vivo by chronic hypocalcemia. PMID- 1224040 TI - [Ethic and pedagogic concept of legal medicine]. PMID- 1224041 TI - [The Goodpasture syndrome in children]. PMID- 1224042 TI - [Staphylococcal endocarditis]. PMID- 1224043 TI - [Electronystagmographic studies in pneumogenic encephalopathy]. PMID- 1224044 TI - [New methods of respiratory function testing used in the diagnosis of infantile bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1224045 TI - [Intestinal invagination in adults]. PMID- 1224046 TI - [Metal alloplasty in the restoration of hip mobility]. PMID- 1224047 TI - [Treatment of carpal scaphoid psuedarthrosis with the Matti-Russe procedure]. PMID- 1224048 TI - The epidemiologic particularities of influenza in the winter and spring of 1975 in Moldavia (Romania). PMID- 1224049 TI - [Nutritive-deficient streptococci isolated from septicemia following tooth extraction]. PMID- 1224050 TI - [Postprandial levels of blood sugar, cholesterol and total lipids in a group of normal students]. PMID- 1224051 TI - [Aspects of some morphological and histochemical changes in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 1224052 TI - [Neuroleptoanalgesia in maxillo-facial surgery]. PMID- 1224053 TI - [Brief note concerning the use in stomatology of a biological preparation from plantago leaves]. PMID- 1224054 TI - [Correlations between oxygen consumption, phosphate formation and lactate formation in the reticulocytes of young and old rabbits. Note III]. PMID- 1224055 TI - [Data on the chemical composition of the fatty oil from plantago seeds]. PMID- 1224056 TI - [Local anti-inflammatory and anti-actinic action of oil extracted from Plantago sp. seeds]. PMID- 1224057 TI - [Modification of the NBT test for diagnosis of some infections in infants]. PMID- 1224058 TI - [Simple technic for determination of total hemolytic complement (C'H50) in human serum]. PMID- 1224059 TI - [Dermatomyositis with hyperlipemia in a child]. PMID- 1224061 TI - Sarcoidosis with extrathoracic localization. PMID- 1224060 TI - What is known and unknown about sarcoidosis? PMID- 1224062 TI - [Attempted epidemiological evaluation of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1224063 TI - Actualities in sarcoidosis morphopathogenesis. PMID- 1224064 TI - [Contribution of the Kveim test to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1224065 TI - [Hepatic punch biopsy in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1224066 TI - [Osseous lesions of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1224067 TI - [Clinical and radiological aspects of lymph nodal-pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1224068 TI - The mediastino--pulmonary sarcoidosis: from the activity of the antiphtisis hospital of Radauti. PMID- 1224069 TI - Clinical - radiological aspects of mediastino-pulmonar sarcoidosis. PMID- 1224070 TI - [Difficulties in the differentiation of tuberculosis and lymph nodal-mediastinal sarcoidosis in adolescents]. PMID- 1224071 TI - [Whole blood should be replaced by its fractions in the majority of its indications]. PMID- 1224072 TI - [Iatrogenic dyskinesia]. PMID- 1224074 TI - [Glaucoma: diagnosis and familial incidence]. PMID- 1224073 TI - [Recto-colic polyps and cancers]. PMID- 1224075 TI - [Cancer of the prostate. Present therapeutic status]. PMID- 1224076 TI - [Can the young delinquent be helped? How and by whom?]. PMID- 1224077 TI - [Lithium salts in cyclophrenia (manic-depressive psychosis)]. PMID- 1224078 TI - [Dogmatil or sulpiride: attempted compendium]. PMID- 1224079 TI - [Physiologic bases of balneotherapy. VIII. Thermal changes during balneotherapy]. PMID- 1224080 TI - [The place of preoperative examinations in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in its early stages]. PMID- 1224081 TI - [The technic of parasitologic coprology in man and carnivora. Contribution to the diagnosis of parasitic zoonoses]. PMID- 1224082 TI - [Physiological bases of balneotherapy. IX. Peat baths]. PMID- 1224083 TI - [Genetic counseling. III. Methodology. Human and social aspects. Evaluation of efficacity]. PMID- 1224084 TI - [Treatment of asthma with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols]. PMID- 1224085 TI - [Endocrine functions of the human adrenal medulla]. PMID- 1224086 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of mastodynia]. PMID- 1224087 TI - [Preliminary results of epidemiological surveys of the frequence of arterial hypertension in the Belgian population]. PMID- 1224088 TI - [Physiologic bases of balneotherapy. X. Peat baths-indications and clinical results]. PMID- 1224089 TI - [Pharmacokinetic consequences of the mode of administration of cotrimoxazole in humans]. PMID- 1224090 TI - [Lipomas of the terminal ileum]. PMID- 1224091 TI - [Pharmacologic properties of silybin and silymarin]. PMID- 1224092 TI - [Present attitude concerning angina pectoris as a function of coronary arteriography data and surgical possibilities]. PMID- 1224093 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of anal diseases]. PMID- 1224094 TI - [Retrospective study of maxillo-facial injuries]. PMID- 1224095 TI - [The mentally retarded. Viewpoint of a geneticist]. PMID- 1224096 TI - [Incidence of chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 1224097 TI - [The problem of abortion. Viewpoint of the general practitioner]. PMID- 1224099 TI - [Psychological causes and impact of abortion]. PMID- 1224098 TI - [The problem of abortion. Viewpoint of a gynecologist]. PMID- 1224100 TI - [Observation of the behavior of aborted women in the days immediately following abortion]. PMID- 1224101 TI - [Desirable numbers of medical students, assistant professors and practitioners]. PMID- 1224102 TI - [Iron deficiency in children]. PMID- 1224103 TI - [Amniotic fluid and diagnostic possibilities offered by amniocentesis]. PMID- 1224104 TI - [Cardiac surgery]. PMID- 1224105 TI - [Cardiopathies with left to right shunt]. PMID- 1224106 TI - [Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 1224107 TI - [Indications for ventricular resection]. PMID- 1224108 TI - [Surgical risk in open heart surgery for acquired and congenital valve diseases]. PMID- 1224109 TI - [Surgical treatment of heart valve diseases in patients over 60 years old]. PMID- 1224110 TI - [Sylvian stenosis with networks of the Moya-Moya type. Anatomo-clinical observation]. AB - The authors report an angiographic observation, where a stenosis of the left middle cerebral artery, with Moya-Moya networks, is described. The anatomical study has shown an atresy of the middle cerebral artery, and has confirmed the hypothesis of a supplying role played by the Moya networks. Most of their anatomical findings are in agreement with a malformative aspect, which is speculated by the authors to be related to the failure, at the embryon level, of a good development of the middle cerebral artery; in this way, Moya might represent the remaining features of primitive plexiform networks. From this particular anatomical observation, the authors discuss some nosological problems and propose the hypothesis of several groups, which may be related to the moment when the stenosis is suspected to occur. PMID- 1224111 TI - [Angiographic study of cerebral convolutions and their area of vascularization]. AB - The authors demonstrate the facility with which the principal fissures and sulci of the brain can be angiographically localized by reference to characteristic loops and bends in the courses of the branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. The study is based upon dissections of 150 human brains in which the arteries of interest were selectively injected. A propos to this anatomic-angiographic correlation the authors also describe the vascular territories of each cortical branch and propose a simple procedure for the evaluation of these territories during cerebral angiography. PMID- 1224112 TI - [Familial case of myotonia with muscular hypertrophy, weakness corrected by effort and atrophy of type II fibers]. AB - A 35 years old man has a non progressive muscle disease which appeared when he was 6. Clinically, there is a slight muscle hypertrophy, an important spontaneous myotonia and a curious muscle weakness, quite marked on the first efforts, but disappearing entirely after a few muscle contractions. The E.M.G. is normal but for the myotonic reaction. Muscle biopsy shows a selective atrophy of type II fibers. The disease is a genetic one, a sister and a brother of our patient having noticed the same symptom. The place of this disease among the congenital myotonias is discussed. PMID- 1224113 TI - [Heredo-degenerative disease with predominant extra-pyramidal symptoms]. PMID- 1224114 TI - [Relationship between circadian rhythms and blood pressure and the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency]. AB - Cerebrovascular accidents occur more frequently during the morning, less frequently during the night, whether due to thrombosis or embolism. In cases with hypertension, however, there have been noted a more uniform distribution of these complications throughout the day. The preponderance in the morning of the number of accidents in non-embolic subjects, depends probably on the state of the autonomic nervous system during the night, which gives rise to a dilated and hypotonic microcirculation. Autoregulation is, in this way, reduced and the physiological increase in blood pressure during the morning may induce a break through of autoregulation. In embolic subjects, on the other hand, an important role may be played by heart arrhythmias which occur usually during the waking hours. In hypertensives, the microcirculatory bed is restricted and cerebro vascular resistance relatively constant. The brain, paradoxically, is thus better defended against any moderate increase in blood pressure and fluctuations in blood pressure throughout 24 hours, which may leave cerebral autoregulation unchanged, which probably explains the more uniform distribution of cerebro vascular accidents throughout the 24 hour period. PMID- 1224115 TI - [Controlled study of language re-education in aphasia: comparison between treated and untreated aphasics]. AB - This study was undertaken in order to ascertain the specific effect of language rehabilitation on the oral expression of aphasic patients. The outcome of language disorders has been investigated in 185 aphasics (91 reeducated and 94 not reeducated) submitted to control examination at least 6 months following the first examination. Four of the main variables involved in the recovery process were studied: a) dependent variable, i. e., improvement, and the effects thereupon of 3 independent variables, i. e., a) the time interval between onset of aphasia and first examination, b) clinical type of aphasia on first examination and c) presence or absence of rehabilitation between first and second examination. Age, educational level, etiology and the time interval between first and second examination were controlled in all comparisons. The statistical analysis has established that language rehabilitation has a positive effect on the improvement of oral expression, while the duration of aphasia at the time of the first examination has an equally significant, but negative effect on improvement. PMID- 1224116 TI - [Oculopharyngeal myopathy. Histochemical observation of the muscles and concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum of an Italian family]. AB - We reported the first Italian family with oculopharyngeal myopathy. Five of six brothers, aged 60 to 76, showed to a different degree ptosis of the eyelids, ophtalmoparesis, hypomimic face, troubles in chewing, swallowing and speaking, some wiggling gait, and a widespread, mainly proximal, muscular hypotrophy and weakness. Characteristic of this disease are its hereditary transmission of dominant autosomic type, its late appearance also after 50 years of age and its slow progression without periods of improvement. Electromyography, histologic and histochemical study of extra-ocular muscles were performed in two patients and showed clear changes of myopathic type. Besides, we found in 3 patients increased serum immunoglobulins, chiefly IgG, as first Russe, Busey and Barbeau demonstrated in a large French-Canadian family. PMID- 1224117 TI - [Generalised triglyceride lipidosis (triglyceridosis). 1st anatomo-clinical report]. AB - The case reported, known under the name of Lipid Storage Myopathy, occurred in a twenty year old woman. The first symptoms occurred between the age of 14 and 16 years. A complete autopsy was carried out. The entire musculature was involved. There was fatty infiltration of the myocardium as well as marked fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys. Histological and histochemical examination revealed an accumulation of triglycerides, distributed throughout almost all the organs, this being confirmed by chemical examinations. The latter did not, however, show any changes in phospho-glyco-sulpho-lipid, cholesterol or cholesterol content. Gas chromatography of the total free fatty acids revealed an increase in short chain fatty acids. The authors stress the generalized nature of the pathological process leading to the accumulation of triglycerides, in a disease which up to present time had been considered to be a myopathy and therefore propose the name Generalised Triglyceridosis of Generalised Triglyceride Lipidosis. PMID- 1224118 TI - [Acoustic and semantic disturbances of comprehension in aphasia]. AB - The authors carried out a verbal auditory comprehension test on 115 aphasic patients, 44 patients suffering from a left hemispheric lesion without aphasia and 120 normal subjects used as acontrol group. The test also revealed either disorders in acoustico-phonemic discrimination or difficulities in semantic differentiation. The main aim of the research was to check experimentally the theory propounded by Alajouanine and colleagues (1964) according to which, in Wernicke's aphasia, it is possible to demonstrate a twofold correlation between disorders of comprehension and speech disorders both phonemic and semantic. Only one part of the theory of Alajouanine and colleagues has been confirmed by our experiments for our results have shown that there is a very close correlation between semantic paraphasias and disorders of semantic differentiation whilst no correlation can be found between phonemic paraphasias and disturbances in auditory phonemic discrimination. PMID- 1224119 TI - [Epileptic attacks in cerebral arterial pathology. Clinical findings]. AB - The authors analyse, with reference to 107 cases, the incidence of epileptic attacks in different types of non-traumatic arterial pathology of the brain. They describe their various clinical and evolutive aspects and attempt to isolate those peculiar to critical manifestations of this type occurring in the course of cerebral vascular accidents. PMID- 1224120 TI - Use of the radioiodinated Rose Bengal in the study of icterogenic hepatopathies. PMID- 1224121 TI - The effect of air currents on the naso-respiratory mucosa. AB - The direction of air currents through the nose have been studied by many investigators. However, in injury of the nose followed by deformities, a marked change in the nasal configuration occurs. Many patients will present localized areas of crusting and attention is not drawn to this condition until the patient is seen with an epistaxis. In this study, we are interested in the character of the mucosa and their changes as affected by long-term injury from the trauma of the inspiratory and expiratory air currents, which, on sniffling or snorting, may reach hurricane speeds. In the study of the naso-respiratory mucosa from these areas by electron-microspy, it was found metaplastic respiratory epithelium where the cells have undergone mucinous transformation and areas exposed to air jets how metaplastic changes followed by erosion. We wish to thank Nikolajs Cauna, M.D. for his assistance and making available the micrographs used in this paper. PMID- 1224122 TI - Vidian neurectomy. AB - The author presents his experience with vidian neurectomy. 30 cases have been operated; 18 had bilateral nasal-sinus polyposis and 12 vasomotor rhinitis. The results are presented. The patients with bilateral nasal-sinus-polyposis were operated by bilateral polypectomy cleaning the sinuses according to the Ermiro de Lima technique and unilateral vidian neurectomy was simultaneously performed. On this side the results obtained were excellent in comparation with the other one. The surgical technique is explained and some pathogenetic considerations are discussed. PMID- 1224123 TI - Long term evaluation of "push down" procedures. AB - The "push-down" technique for hump removal, or hump elimination, is just one maneuver of a number of surgical steps to obtain a more functionable and esthetic appearing nose. The maxilla-premaxilla Cottle approach to extensive nasal septum surgery is used, using techniques of his to modify the nasal dorsum. The "push down" procedure usually eliminates the bony hump. The cartilaginous hump, (the upper lateral cartilage area) remains intact, and produces little trauma to the subcutaneous tissue, the mucous membranes, the periosteum, the perichondrium, and preserves the nerves and blood supply of the area. The amount of "push-down" that can be done depends on the nasal septum, which is the key to the surgical procedure. One must know how to handle part or all of the septum; its reconstruction with the patient's own bone and cartilage, so that saddling and deformity of the external pyramid and lobule may not occur later. In the repair of the roof, all anatomic relationships should be restored. The upper lateral area should be spared, however, if modified, very conservatively done and with little or no shortening. If there is partial removal of the hump, there should also be reparation of the nasal dorsum with crushed septal cartilage. Further "push-down" depends upon the width of the nose, the location and number of lateral osteotomies and intra-septal osteotomies, incomplete or complete separation of the upper lateral cartilage, done chiefly through the intra-septum space; thus, the nose becomes narrower, smaller, and the roof remains an unimpaired insulating organ playing its important physiological role. Secondary nasal revisions were minor in nature and were usually performed as outpatient procedures. The hump removal concept of total excision should be changed to "push down" elimination of the nasal bones with total preservation of the dorsum. PMID- 1224124 TI - Closure of a septal perforation by means of an obturator. AB - The surgical closure of a naso-septal perforation is accompanied by many problems which can interfere with the good result. The authors describe a technique by which a naso-septal perforation can be closed by placing an obturator without performing any surgery. PMID- 1224125 TI - The influence of trauma on the growing septal cartilage. AB - In 34 children biopsies of the nasal septum which had formerly been traumatized by force or surgery, are histologically examined. The long-term reactions of the injured septal cartilage can be described by loss, incomplete and complete regeneration of cartilage. In most cases the regeneratioen of the cartilage is undirected, thus causing deformation of the nasal septum. PMID- 1224126 TI - Selective carotid angiography in patients with intractable epistaxis. PMID- 1224127 TI - Prosthetic treatment in cases of collapsing alae. PMID- 1224128 TI - Nasal fractures in adults -a brief discussion of principles. AB - A discussion of the management of acute nasal fractures in adults is presented. Repair of the nasal injury should be postponed so the patient can be stabilized and totally evaluated while the surgeon plans and prepares to do the optimum nose operation. Two weeks or more may be allowed for this with a few stated exceptions. Acute nasal fractures are the misguided mobilization phase of a nasal reconstruction. This must be rectified and completed and the nose modifed and repaired in accordance with the principles of functional rhinologic surgery. Some remarks on the fallibility of X-ray diagnosis are included. PMID- 1224129 TI - Autogenous cartilage autobank in rhinology. PMID- 1224130 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the human nasal mucosa. AB - Nasal biopsies are taken from normals and from patients suffering from perennial rhinitis, nasal polyps, hay fever or atrophic rhinitis. The biopsies from the inferior nasal turbinate are studied in a scanning electron microscope. In conclusion, allergic reactions have only a slight, direct influence on the ultrastructure of the mucous membrane. Contrary to this, the surface of the nasal mucosa is characteristically altered in atrophic rhinitis. By chance it was observed how flagellated bacteria invades the mucous membrane by fastening to the epithelial cells, which consequently are expelled. PMID- 1224131 TI - Early diagnosis of maxillary carcinoma. AB - Problems of early diagnosis of maxillary carcinoma are discussed and symptomatology of early and relatively early cases is fully presented. In cases which might be suspected of being malignant thoughtful attention to all details of examination and careful evaluation of seemingly insignificant symptoms and signs are of greatest importance. All methods of early detection of antral cancer are evaluated. The most valuable from among them are: tomography, including panoramic tomography, and sinoscopy. Measures which should be taken to shorten the interval between symptoms onset and the definite diagnosis of maxillary carcinoma are specified. PMID- 1224132 TI - Resistance and capacitance vessels in the nasal mucosa. AB - Vernous blood flow from the mucosa of one nasal cavity and changes in nasal patency of the same cavity were simultaneously recorded in the cat. Information about responses evoked in resistance vessels (mainly small arteries and arterioles) and in capacitance vessels (mainly venous vessels ansd sinusoids) could thus be provided. Close arterially administered infusions of angiotensin, noradrenaline, adrenaline and dihydroergotamine elicited constrictions in the resistance as well as the capitance vessels. Analysis of the ratio of the resistance and the capacitance responses allowed an evaluation of the relative effectiveness of the drugs in constricting the two types of vessel. PMID- 1224133 TI - Extranasal treatment of epistaxis. PMID- 1224134 TI - The mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract. AB - A clinical in vivo - in vitro method for functional mucociliary studies via surface-light reflections is described as well as a method for intracellular recording of electrical activities in ciliated cells. Two types of surface-light reflections can be recognized - one from the secretion layer and one from the tops of lashing cilia. Internal and external cell activities als well as muco rheological factors can be compared under the control of environmental influences such as air temperature, humidity and gas mixtures. The method can also be used for different clinical purposes. PMID- 1224135 TI - Histology of the mucous membranes of the lateral nasal wall. AB - The preliminary results of investigating the lateral nasal wall are presented. In this study only three strips of mucosa are analysed from histological point of view using serial sections. One strip corresponded to the plane of lateral osteotomy, the second crossed the middle of turbinates and the third corresponded to the vestibular area. The accurate number and distribution of vascular and glandular elements were determined by help of Visopan and micro-photographs. PMID- 1224136 TI - The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample. AB - In a population sample consisting of 507 males aged between 50 and 60 years and 120 thirty-year-old sons of these males the frequency of epistaxis and predisposing factors of epistaxis were studied. Only one-third of the subjects had never had epistaxis. One out of ten subjects had been treated for epistaxis by a doctor at least once in his life. About 3 per cent had had nose-bleeds during the previous week. Statistically it was shown that a history of upper respiratory infection and intake of acetylsalicylic acid separately might predispose to expistaxis. PMID- 1224137 TI - Rhino-rheo-manometric (R.R.M.) nasal provocation test. AB - The nasal provocation test--which has been considered till now too much time consuming and troublesome for the patient--becomes rapid and simple by the use of the rhino-rheo-manometry. It is possible, by this method, to evaluate the conductance of a single nasal fossa and its reduction after allergen challenge. The results of test performed in patients suffering from extrinsic perennial nasal atopy by Dermatophagoides pt. have proved that the test becomes rapid and not troublesome by using the rhino-rheo-manometry. This method, giving a provocation threshold, may be used both in diagnosis and control of specific immunotherapy. PMID- 1224138 TI - The importance of the anaerobic bacteria in paranasal sinusitis. AB - The anaerobic examination of the material, obtained by 100 antral punctures, in 66 patients with paranasal sinusitis, showed the importance of the anaerobic bacteria. In 33% we found anaerobes: 12% of the cultures were pure anaerobic, 21% were mixed aerobic-anaerobic. The most frequent anaerobe is the Peptostreptococcus. Anaerobic cultures are more frequently found in the unilateral cases of paranasal sinusitis. The presence of anaerobes does not seem to be dependent on the patient's age, the duration of the sinusitis and the previous administration of antibiotics during the last 3 days. In 76% the anaerobes disappeared after the initial antral puncture and washing. PMID- 1224139 TI - Parasympathetic control of blood circulation and secretion in the nasal mucosa. AB - The effects of selective parasympathetic nerve activation on the secretory response and the vascular exchange and capacitance sections in the cat nasal mucosa were studied. The vascular events were investigated by measuring the local disappearnce of 125I- and changes in gross pulse rate from 131I- labelled serum albumin as monitored over the nose. A frequency-dependent increase in nasal secretion and local blood content occurred in the range 0.5-12 imp/sec: an increase in disappearance rate was observed at the same time. This indicates that the vascular and secretory responses are activated simultaneously. The secretory responses, but not the vascular events, were shown to be blocked by atropine. The results thus shown that the postganglionic parasympathetic mediator of nasal secretion is cholinergic, whereas the vasodilatation appears to be due to a different mechanism, which is not sensitieve to atropine. The beneficial effect of some antihistamines in vasomotor rhinitis may thus be due to their anticholinergic properties. PMID- 1224140 TI - Clinico-electromyographic considerations on a case of neuromyotonia. PMID- 1224141 TI - Aphasia following non-missile injury of the brain. PMID- 1224142 TI - Thinking by aphasics. PMID- 1224143 TI - Paleocerebellar influence on neocortical reactivity and its relations with the lateralis posterior nucleus of the thalamus. PMID- 1224144 TI - The influence of anticonvulsant drugs on cerebral aspartate aminotransferase activity in mice with predisposition to audiogenic seizures. PMID- 1224145 TI - Variability of intellectual performances in temporal-lobe epilepsy. I. Statistical data. PMID- 1224146 TI - Decreases of some free amino acids in the cat's neocortex following tetanization of the anterior amygdaloid area. An attempt at correlating the biochemical to the behavioral and EEG data. PMID- 1224147 TI - Genetic counselling in mental and neurologic diseases. A study of 124 cases. PMID- 1224148 TI - Chloroquine myopathy. PMID- 1224149 TI - [Osteoclastic inclusions in Paget's disease of bone]. AB - An electron microscope study of 35 bone biopsies from patients with Paget's disease confirmed the constnat presence of intra-nuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions, which seemed to be the most specific anomalies of the osteoclasts. The presence of these inclusions leads to their comparison with other inclusions described in certain affections for which the viral etiology is at present under discussion. PMID- 1224150 TI - [Circulation in bone in Paget's disease. General review and personal results]. AB - On the basis of a review of work concerned with the circulation in bones affected by Paget's disease and from their own results, the authors show that the vascularization of affected by Paget's disease is completely different from that of normal bone. The periostal vessels are abnormally developed and result in a high flow in the affected limb. The cortical vessels are numerous and of all types, forming a system of canalization of considerable volume. On the other hand the medullary circulation is encumbered by stasis, oedema, and fibrosis. The earliness of the vascular lesions makes it possible to envisage a vascular theory in connection with Paget's disease. PMID- 1224151 TI - [Ultrasonic study of the brain circulation in patients with Paget's disease. Preliminary results]. AB - The authors present a preliminary study on ultrasonic measurement of flow rate, using the Doppler effect, in patients suffering from Paget's disease of the cranium. In the 12 patients studied there was external carotid hypervascularization with a continuous flow in the superficial temporal artery. Even though only a few cases have been studied, there seems to be a close correlation between the levels of hydroxy prolinuria and of alkaline phosphatasaemia and thus between the evolution of the disease and the index of resistance. The value of this non-traumatic method in the therapeutic surveillance of Paget's disease of the cranium is beyond doubt. PMID- 1224152 TI - [Unusual aspects of bone fractures in Paget's disease]. AB - Because of their specific biological and vascular condition, bones affected by Paget's disease require special treatment in case of fracture. Observations on four patients are reported because of their originality; the two first involved a rare type of pelvic fracture, one ischiatic, the other iliac. One of the others was a deformation that required amputation. The last patient, a victim of a diaphyseal femoral fracture, had to undergo centromedullary pinning; but because there was massive destruction of the periostial and medullary circulations during the operation, extensive osteonecrosis due to ischaemia occurred which was very painful and disabling. Thus, in spite of an over abundance of vascular tissue, such circulatory repercussions must be avoided in surgical treatment of fractures of bones affected by Paget's disease. PMID- 1224153 TI - [HL-A and Paget's disease]. AB - In a study on 43 patients suffering from Paget's disease the authors grouped them within the HL-A histo-compatibility system. Twenty-nine antigens in this system were investigated. Comparison with the distribution in the population of France did not show a significant difference. Nevertheless, there appeared to be a greater frequency of the HL-A 5 and perhaps of W 22 antigens in patients suffering from generalized Paget's disease. PMID- 1224154 TI - [Histological aspects of the sarcomatous degeneration of bone in Paget's disease]. AB - After a critical review of the literature and an enquiry based on 70 cases, the author confirms that osteogenic sarcomas and fibrosarcomas constitute the usual means of sarcomatous degeneration in bones affected by Paget's disease. Giant cell tumours present a distinct group. The problems posed by the initial stages of the malignant transformation and the osteosarcomas with multiple centres are then discussed. PMID- 1224155 TI - [Sarcomas associated with Paget's disease]. AB - The authors report 12 cases of Paget's disease with sarcomatous degeneration that were observed among 311 patients with Paget's disease hospitalized in the Montpellier Rheumatology Clinic. They compare their experience with information they were able to extract from the literature in French and English. The frequency of such degeneration in cases of Paget's disease is difficult to determine but did not appear to exceed 1%. Degeneration rarely occurred before the age of 50 years, affected men twice as frequently as women, and occurred particularly in cases of diffuse Paget's disease, mainly in the femur or the humerus; the rachis was rarely affected. Pain was the main symptom, was practically constant, was remarkable because of its permanence and its intensity. Tumefaction was frequently seen. Pathological fractures were seen in almost a third of the patients with sarcomas of the long bones. Radiculo-medullary compression characterized the rare cases with involvement of the vertebral column or the sacrum. Radiography showed rupture of cortical layers with invasion of the soft parts without any periostal reaction. Histological investigation confirmed the diagnosis by demonstrating one of the three types of osteogenic sarcoma: osteosarcomas were the most frequent. Less frequently giant-cell sarcomas or reticulosarcomas were found. The affected patients nearly always died, survival at five years being rare. Treatment, amputation or radiotherapy, was disappointing. PMID- 1224156 TI - [Benign giant cell tumors associated with Paget's disease. Apropos of 1 case]. AB - The authors report the observation of two benign giant-cell tumours that developed in the cranium of Paget's disease patients. The two tumours were resected and cure was complete. Eighteen other cases of benign giant-cell tumours were found in the literature. All were discovered in relation to tumefaction occurring in an affected bone in a patient with generalized Paget's disease, often unrecognized. The tumours were usually unique although multiple tumours were found, with particular predilection for the bones of the cranium and the face. The radiological signs consisted of an osteolytic zone in an affected bone; there were no specific characteristics and it was not possible to distinguish the tumours from a malignant tumour. Diagnosis was based upon an anatomo-pathological examination. In the 18 cases in the literature, the benign caracter indicated by the biopsy was confirmed by the favourable evolution. In contrast in 17 other cases the atypical nature of the stroma, the irregular arrangement of the giant cells together with the occurrence of atypical mitoses and the abnormal character of the vascularization indicated straight away the malignant nature of the lesions, which was regularly and rapidly fatal. PMID- 1224157 TI - [Arthropathies due to bismuth poisoning]. AB - Encephalopathies caused by intoxication with bismuth are liable to be complicated by arthropathies of the shoulder, on one or both sides, of an osteolytic, and probably osteonecrotic, type involving to a greater or lesser extent the humeral head and/or by destruction of articular cartilage with ateration and flattening of the heumeral head. The relation between these arthropathies and bismuth intoxication appears certain but is not yet understood. The strict electivity of the condition for the shoulder is not understood either. Certain analogies indicate similarity with metabolic arthropathies. PMID- 1224158 TI - [Test for hypocalcemia due to calcitonin in the normal subject and in patients with osteoporosis or Paget's disease. Preliminary results]. AB - The authors report the variations in calcaemia and in circulating immunoreactive PTH produced by the intramuscular injection of 5 units of porcine calcitonin in normal subjects and in patients suffering from osteoporosis or Paget's disease. After having determined the levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D circulating in the different groups, the authors note that comparison of these variations makes it possible to regroup the different types of reaction following the injection of the hypocalcaemic hormone. In patients suffering from pure osteoporosis, hypocalcaemia was slow to appear, was of moderate intensity, but was prolonged. The osteoporo-malacia patients did not produce a specific reaction and certain of them appeared "insensitive" to calcitonin. Results obtained in patients with Paget's disease confirm the hypocalaemic action of calcitonin even at a low dosage. With this test, the authors hope to contribute to studies of demineralizing affections and to overcoming them. PMID- 1224159 TI - [Lumbar arachno-epiduritis. Study of 20 cases]. AB - The authors report twenty cases of lumbar arachnitis, from the clinical, biological, and neuroradiological points of view; a discussion is developed in connexion with various etiological factors centred, on the one hand, on the responsibility of the contrast media used in neuro-radiology and, on the other hand, on that of the act of surgery, a factor that was encountered in half of the cases reported. The possibilities of therapy are also discussed. PMID- 1224160 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. 50 personal cases]. AB - On the basis of a study of a series of 50 personal cases, the results of which are reported, and of a series of 2800 cases from the literature, the authors describe certain radiological and clinical aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism and the conditions under which this disease may appear. They emphasize the value of the different laboratory investigations for determining disturbances in phosphorus-calcium metabolism and of the study of bone histology, particularly the quantitative study of iliac bone biopsies. They discuss the various aspects of their methods of surgical treatment (pre-operative location of the tumour, surgical problems, early and later sequelae) and finally describe the indications for surgery. PMID- 1224162 TI - [A case of rupture of the deltoid muscle]. PMID- 1224161 TI - [Analysis of disorders of the principal pathways of calcium metabolism in Paget's disease. Effects of calcitonin administration. 26 cases]. AB - Analysis of the principal routes of calcium metabolism by means of calcium-45 in 26 patients suffering from Paget's diseases sometimes showed, in agreement with data from the literature, a considerable increase in the common stocks of calcium in 25 cases, and an elevation in the anabolism (Vo+) in bone and in the catabolism (Vo-) in bone in all cases. The calcium balance was sometimes equal, but often clearly positive (10 cases) or negative (10 cases) and the level intestinal absorption of calcium was usually within the normal limits. An elevation in the endogenous fecal calcium (Vf) noted in half of the cases, although no value was below normal, seemed to represent an metabolic anomaly of abnormally high frequency in patients with Paget's disease, even though this fact has never been emphasized before. Statistically significant correlations were shown between the values of different kinetic and metabolic parameters in the group of patients studied. A second kinetic study carried out after several weeks of treatment with porcine calcitonin showed a statistically significant diminution in the values of Vo +, Vo -, endogenous fecal calcium, calciuria, hydroxyprolinuria, and in alkaline phosphatasaemia, as well as significant variations in the calcium balance in a positive direction. The common calcium stocks did not show a significant diminution, contrary to the findings of other authors. The level of intestinal absorption of calcium increased more often than it decreased, but the magnitude of the variations was slightly less than the level of statistical significance. PMID- 1224163 TI - [Danger of certain types of antirabies vaccine. Brain lesions in rats inoculated with antirabies vaccine]. PMID- 1224164 TI - [Intestinal parasitological survey in a female student population]. PMID- 1224165 TI - [Evaluation, construction contract, cost control and organization of the construction phase of a health center]. PMID- 1224166 TI - [Preparation for retirement]. PMID- 1224167 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of school health services of the 9th Administrative Region of Rio de Janeiro: study of the population and operation analysis of a subprogram]. PMID- 1224168 TI - [Manual of norms and procedures of the public health nursing service]. PMID- 1224169 TI - [On the use of general hospital beds in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 1224170 TI - [The use of a normal pregnant women's weight curve in the diagnosis of intrauterine malnutrition]. PMID- 1224171 TI - [Survey conducted among migrants going through the Central de Triagem e Encaminhamento in Sao Paulo capital of Brazil. III. Nutritional aspects]. PMID- 1224172 TI - [Health and economic development: a current theme]. PMID- 1224173 TI - [Error factor in the measurement of infant mortality]. PMID- 1224174 TI - [Activities of the statistics and epidemiology sections of a health center]. PMID- 1224175 TI - [Program of mental health]. PMID- 1224176 TI - [Indicators of life expectancy, quality of life and health care. Preliminary report]. PMID- 1224177 TI - [Disintegration of condition episodes of paranoid behavior. "Nonsensical actions" according to Conrad]. AB - Proceeding from an interactional basis - psychopathology practized as interactional psychophology - the insenate acts as defined by Conrad are interpreted as an expression of decay of situation. As the stage the paranoid undergo teaches a stabilisation and a preleminary end by the decay of situation, it is - in difference to Conrads interpretation - a matter of a comparatively remote period of progress. The thematically open, e.g. not defined situation of the paranoid, experiences a consolidation through the decay of situation by making it possible for the patient to come to a renewed settlement of an agreement interaction by an autonomous choice of the basis of communication. PMID- 1224178 TI - [Long-term development of neurotic and reactive disorders. Catamnestic study on the influence of social factors]. AB - This study enters into the framework of long term catamnestic researches realised at Hopital de Cery in Lausanne. In this work, the evolution of neurotic and reactionnal disorders in old age has been studied through the direct catamnestic examination of 35 patients who outlived 65 years of age. The accent has been particularly put on social and psychological evolution in regard to 15 variables responding to 2 fondamental hypotheses; it is the conducting clue of the work. After discussion concerning the working method and the selection of survey material, the author is analysing the 35 patients' main caracteristics at the time of their first hospitalisation. He is also taking interest on the patients' social surroundings during their childhood until they were 15. The notion of "broken-home" is largely discussed. The various evolutive aspects are firstly treated apart and then all together in regard to 15 mentioned variables. The various results are making the subject of statistic validation. PMID- 1224179 TI - [Mental disorders of women from a psychotherapeutic viewpoint]. AB - On the basis of experience in the consulting-room of the psychiatrist's practice the author has attempted to show how in frank discussions hurtful privations of women patients become comprehensible when considered in the light of their life histories. Psychic disorders of women may be investigated on the level of their own experience. The insecure longing for individual recognition and esteem in the emotional sphere appears to be particularly important. In these conversations the patient is helped towards self-understanding and real independence. PMID- 1224180 TI - [Mental disorders in women. An epidemiologic-social psychiatric view]. AB - The author first refers to the previous absence of a comparative psychiatry of sexual differences. He then describes in particular epidemiological and clinical experience relevant to the predisposition of women to psychic disorders and their treatment. The beginnings of an explanation of such findings are discussed and then taken up in the theses expressed in conclusion. Above all it is emphasized that women's increased proneness to such disorders is not to be explained by their constitution or hereditary pathology, but is presumably attributable to a different upbringing of the sexes and specific conflicts of women's roles. PMID- 1224181 TI - [Psychiatry today and psychiatry tomorrow]. AB - In the light of present knowledge the author examines the courses which psychiatry of the future could follow. In the fields concerning secondary or tertiary prevention it seems probable that psychiatry of the future is situated in a line of continuity in relation to psychiatry of the present, while affirming and complementing it. On the other hand, primary prevention still requires to be found, the operational models of the past and present being manifestly inadequate. PMID- 1224182 TI - [Future prospects in psychiatry]. AB - A questionnaire on the future aspects of psychiatry was submitted to 234 psychiatrists, 111 other doctors and 78 nonmedical persons, that is to a total of 423 people. These were further classified according to their principal activity in private practice, clinical work, research or other fields. It was found that opinions did not differ materially within these subdivisions. It was particularly notable that over two-thirds of those questioned regard the future with optimism. Similarly, some two-thirds take an interest in futurology. There was general agreement that in 1985 the greatest problem in psychiatry will be psychosomatic disorders, neuroses and toxicomania, in that order. Biochemistry and pharmacology were considered decisive for progress in psychiatry. Over one half of those questioned also thought that in 1985 the most important method of treatment in psychiatry would be pharmacotherapy. More than two-thirds of those polled think that in 1985 a computer will be standard equipment in any research hospital and that, by 1985, psychiatry's standing will be improved as compared with today. As a corollary, the investigation was aimed at establishing to what extent the future-oriented and those-not-so-oriented differed in this opinion poll. Our working hypothesis that of the recipients of the questionnaire those with children are more future-oriented than those without children was not confirmed. But the future-oriented differed from those-not-so-oriented mainly in that they regard the future with optimism. PMID- 1224183 TI - [Outline of a sociological approach to the psychopathology of women]. AB - It will only be possible to understand and explain the facts peculiar to the psychopathology of women if they are related to the specific characteristics of the positions occupied by women in various domains of society. Women's place therein is discriminated against or deemed inferior in several respects, whether in the family, the profession, the periods of education or social participation. Their image in society as well as certain cultural values and norms are evidence of and confirm this situation. It is clear that identical factors are behind the minor deviations in the form of limited maladjustment, the cases of more profound maladjustment and the psychopathological facts noted. The processes of adjustment of the latter as well as the psychiatric treatment vary greatly according to the social class to which the patient belongs. The specific traits of the psychopathology of woman incorporate and express at the same time her social status, her image and the characteristics defined and attributed to her by culture. PMID- 1224184 TI - Considerations on the metastatic tumours of the brain with reference to a statistics of 1217 cases. AB - In 1217 patients with metastatic tumors of the brain (MTB) (13% of the 1935-1973 endocranial tumour statistics of the Neurosurgical Clinic, Bucharest) the lung was, found to be the most frequent location of the primary tumour in males and the breast in women. The MTBs preponderantly affected males (65%); the most frequent cases (63%) were aged from 41 to 60. In 46% of the cases the metastatic tumour was solitary while in 80% it was supratentorial located in the frontal (37%), parietal (31%), temporal (23%) and occipital (9%) lobes. The latent period varied from a few days to 16 years but mostly from one month to one year. The onset of the symptoms was chiefly the slowly progressive one (71%). The initial symptom by frequency order was raised intracranial pressure, epilepsy (especially focal) and motor loss. Symptoms at acme and clinical forms are reviewed also. The paraclinical investigations which proved the most contributory were scintigraphy and ventriculography. The most therapeutic step proved to be total ablation, single metastatic tumours being removed even before the primary one. Immediate postoperative death rate was 17% while the rate of a 6- to 8-month survival after surgery was 70%, though cases were also recorded which survived several years quite satisfactorily. Having long been neglected by specialists, the metastatic tumours of the brain (MTB) received attention especially in the past two decades. Their frequency, diagnosis and therapy prove as important as those of any other brain tumour. PMID- 1224185 TI - Pilot-study on large-dose alternate-day steroid therapy in multiple sclerosis. AB - Twenty-one patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were given on alternate day larger doses of dexamethasone (4-8 mg) for 1 to 4 cycles and were followed up for an average of 5 months. In the group of 11 patients with relapsing course slightly better improvement was found immediately after first 5 weeks course of alternate-day intensive steroid therapy (ADST) (mean score -1.6 in numerical rating) than in 11 patients taking azathioprine (-0.9). The difference between these two relapsing groups tended to reach the level of statistical significance (p less than 0.10). Long-term effects of ADST or azathioprine treatment in patients with acute relapses were completely negative. The rate of relapse per patient-year was 0.45 in the ADST group and 0.80 in the azathioprine group. This difference was also not significant. Mild side-effects of ADST were found only in 4 patients (19%). Although the number of patients is small and the period of follow-up is limited, it can be assumed that immediate clinical effects of intensive ADST in acute relapses of MS are slightly superior to that of azathioprine. However, ADST did not affect the overall rate of clinical deterioration. PMID- 1224186 TI - [A new observation of crossed aphasia in a right-handed man]. AB - The observation of a crossed aphasia is presented in a right handed man. These troubles of the language appeared, following an anterior right temporal lobectomy for ablation of an oligodendroglioma. They are in accordance with the classic data of the litterature as much as by their clinical features than by their evolution. PMID- 1224187 TI - [Giant cell arteritis and the CNS. Summary of special considerations in two separate cases]. AB - This is a report on two fatal cases of giant-cell arteritis (GCA) with isolated involvement of intracranial arteries. The peculiarities as observed by the author in two 42-year-old male patients from his own material, are the relatively young age of these patients, the duration of illness amounting to six weeks and 14 months respectively, which is unusually short for vascular processes; and substantial cerebral circulation disturbances caused by inadequate oxygen supply. The symptomatology, the special clinical and neurological findings, the distribution patterns of the extra- and intracranial vascular involvement, including the dysfunctions as caused therby, as well as pathogenesis, aetiology, and considerations concerning the differential diagnosis are reported and compared with those to be found in the literature. PMID- 1224188 TI - [Neurologic aspects of cranial arteritis]. AB - This study describes 44 cases of cranial arteritis (41 of whome had been established by arterial biopsy). Special attention has been payed to the type and the significance of initial symptoms. The majority of the patients were from 65 80 years, the youngest 55 years old. The frequency was slightly higher in the male than in the female. All the patients except for two suffered from pain in the area of the head or the face. Ocular disorders had been found in 62% of the cases, commonly represented by blindness of one eye, decreased vision, papillar edema and eventually by occlusion of the retineal artery. The sedimentation rate of red blood cells showed acceleration between 32 and 130 mm after 1 hour. In the average a laps of time of one month was noted between the appearance of the first subjective symptoms and the moment when diagnosis was made. The administration of 60-80 mg Prednisone daily was followed by a decrease in the clinical signs within a few days to 3 weeks. It is important that therapy be started with a high dosis of Prednisone and that it should be reduced to smaller doses given during several years. PMID- 1224189 TI - [The method of joined multi-center studies in clinical psychopharmacology]. AB - Joined multicentered studies are of interest more and more growing up in the field of clinical psychopharmacology. Only such studies should be carried out which have a high scientific value to avoid unnecessary waste. According to this fact the preconditions are greater than such required for a single-center study. Also long-term studies require more preconditions than short-term studies. Pilot studies with clinically more or less unknown drugs should be avoided in multicentered studies for the same reasons. Of great importance is the selection of subjects. The single centers should have well comparable groups of patients. Nevertheless the number of selection criterias should be as few as possible, because also with only some few simple criterias the total number of patients is greatly restricted. The most likely group would consist of patients with acut diseases either recently admitted to the hospital or outpatients who conform to some good defined criterias. Of great importance is the control group. Ethical problems are playing an important role in this field. In view of the fact that the precise action mechanism of drugs is unknown at present, the randomization method will appear to be the best available selection method at the moment. The cross-over-method in mentally ill patients seems hardly suitable out of diverse reasons. Considering the dosage it seems that a limited and fixed dosage is a practicable compromise. Of greatest importance naturally is the good documentation and quantification of the results. Rating-Scales therefore are more suitable than check-lists. Some well introduced and validated rating-scales are existing and mentioned. As important instruments as the rating-scales are the self-rating-scales. Furthermore of great interest in such studies can be the multicentered additional measuring of some psychophysiological variables, for example with the polygraph. PMID- 1224190 TI - [Schizophreniform conditions in adolescent drug users differentiation possibilities using objective personality inventories]. AB - The authors report on schizophreniform states in juvenile drug consumers. The following psychodiagnostic instruments have been used in this investigation: a list of complaints, a self-estimation scale, a psychosis-depression-neurosis inventory (v. Zerssen), the Freiburg personality inventory (FPI, Fahrenberg, Selg and Hampel). According to clinical-psychopathological data in the course of psychosis, three groups of patients (N = 21) have been formed and defined as schizophrenia-, borderline-, intoxication-psychosis-groups. The report describes the procedure of two discriminant analyses by which the said three groups have been selected. In addition to methods of a cross section approach, the necessity of longitudinal observations is discussed by means of an own clinical example, considering also observations described in the literature. PMID- 1224191 TI - [Treatment in a psychiatric day-care center]. AB - This paper describes in detail a psychiatric Day-Center (Day hospital) in Lausanne, together with its way of working. The emphasis is put on the psychotherapeutic care of the patients. The author points out the importance of maintaining a good relationship with the members of the patient's family. At last, the classical indications for admitting patients to a day hospital are fully discussed and examined with nicety. PMID- 1224192 TI - [Group therapy with schizophrenics. Introduction and theory of body-centered group psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients]. AB - After a short review of group psychotherapies with schizophrenics the actual situation concerning the therapy by means of physical movements (Bewegungstherapie) in Swiss psychiatric hospitals is described and noted that programs and experiences of the specific therapeutic effects of physical exercises are still lacking. Based on earlier clinical experience, some psychoanalytic views and an experimental study (about depersonalisation and disturbances in body-experience) the bodily-centered (korperzentrierte) group psychotherapy is proposed and its therapeutic value discussed in 4 cases. Definitive conclusions are not yet reached in this pilot-study. Finally there is refered to a bigger experimental study that will follow. PMID- 1224194 TI - Defence reaction theory of fatique. PMID- 1224193 TI - [The genesis of religious delusions--a "Karel Gott delusion"]. AB - In one case the psychodynamic cause of believe and (religious) delusion is discussed: the Kohut's conception of the primary narcissism seems to explain it. In spite of this common source profound differences were found. In delusion the are: loss of tradition, incapability of dialogue, disharmony with the environment, loss of trust and independence. PMID- 1224195 TI - [Utilization of fangotherapy in sport medicine using Parafango Battaglia]. PMID- 1224196 TI - [Blood doping]. PMID- 1224197 TI - A case of allergic pulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 1224198 TI - Total synthesis of crystalline glucagon by the method of solid phase condensation of fragments. Protein Synthesis Group, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica. AB - Looking back at the experiences of our own and of others in the past decade or so on the total synthesis of proteins and polypeptides, we have analyzed the inherent contradictions of the two alternative methods of synthesis on the basis of the dialectical viewpoint of "one dividing into two". Either the solid or the liquid-phase synthesis is fraught with difficulties when the target exceeds 100 amino acid residues. A new synthetic strategy has been developed which we believe can resolve the contradictions inherent in the synthesis of larger peptides--the solid phase stepwise condensation of peptide fragments instead of amino acids. Following repeated practice guided by the spirit of independence and self reliance, we have succeeded in synthesizing first of all a new supporting resin layer which provisionally meets our requirements. We shall describe in the present paper the successful total synthesis of the nonacosapeptide glucagon using this supporting resin layer. Four peptide fragments (5, 6, 9, 6), synthesized with the aid of classical methods, have been coupled stepwise to a resin-bound tripeptide, with an efficiency of over 95% for each step. After treatment with hydrogen fluoride and purification twice by means of column chromatography, rhombic dodecahedral crystals of glucagon have obtained which are identical with natural products in respect of amino acid compositions, chromatographic and disc-electrophoretic behaviour, etc. The overall yield is about 17%. In view of the characteristic abundance in glucagon of various kinds of functional groups which form unfavourable obstacles to the course of synthesis, this relatively high yield and the ease with which crystalline products can be obtained testify to the potential of the new technique in the eventual total synthesis of larger proteins. PMID- 1224199 TI - Studies on a new pathogenic lung fluke--Paragonimus hueit' ungensis sp. nov. AB - This paper records the discovery of a new pathogenic lung fluke Paragonimus hueit'ungensis sp. nov. in Hueit'ung County of Hunan Province. The salient features of the adults of this lung fluke, its first and second intermediate hosts, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae and the results of feeding experiments on laboratory animals (albino rats, cats, and dogs) are described and compared with the relevant species of lung flukes already known. Biopsies of the migratory subcutaneous nodules done in 2 pediatric cases seen in the endemic area of Hueit'ung County have both shown the presence of immature adolescent lung flukes, whose morphological features agree in general with those obtained through feeding experiments in laboratory animals. But the reproductive organs of these biopsied adolescent flukes are poorly developed; and they do not produce eggs in the human body where they appear to migrate blindly from one place to another, indicating that man is not a suitable final host for this parasite, in spite of its pathogenic implications. Hence one has to be careful not to confuse clinical cases of this new form of paragonimiasis with those due to paragonimiasis szech'uanensis. Studies on the different aspects of this new lung fluke are obviously of practical importance in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease in the localities concerned. PMID- 1224200 TI - A single-use clinical thermometer. AB - A disposable clinical thermometer, based on heat-sensitive crystals, was tested in 200 subjects and its performance compared to the available bedside instrument and an accurate British Standard thermometer. It was found to be accurate and reliable and its convenience and ease of reading made it readily acceptable to patients and staff. It has the overwhelming advantage of severance of a link in the chain of hospital cross-infection and merits widespread clinical trial. PMID- 1224201 TI - The epidemiology of cancers of the breast and reproductive system. PMID- 1224202 TI - Inhibition of cell proliferation in renal failure and its significance to the uraemic syndrome: a review. AB - The effect of acute and chronic renal failure on cell proliferation in rapidly dividing tissues has been examined in man and animal models. The evidence reviewed supports the hypothesis that renal failure results in a general inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell population kinetic studies of gastrointestinal and skin epithelia in experimental acute renal failure show a prolongation of the cell generation cycle. Less detailed investigations of other proliferative cell systems indicate an inhibitory effect on proliferation within the generative compartment of the erythroid series, lymphoid tissue, seminiferous epithelia and wound granulation tissue. This inhibition appears partly responsible for anaemia and impaired wound healing and may contribute to the abnormal immune responses, gastrointestinal tract lesions and male sterility found in renal failure. PMID- 1224203 TI - [Hepatic damage during treatment with C.C.N.U]. PMID- 1224204 TI - [Use of injectable Indusil T in a clinical department of digestive tract and nutritional diseases]. PMID- 1224205 TI - [Treatment of severe dehydration in children]. PMID- 1224206 TI - [Use of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprom in 65 infectious cases]. PMID- 1224207 TI - [Clinical study of a new treatment of bucco-dental diseases]. PMID- 1224208 TI - [Treatment of asthma with persistent dyspnea]. PMID- 1224209 TI - [Anti-inflammatory treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 1224210 TI - [Results of treatment of resistant cirrhotic ascites by puncture-concentration reinjection]. PMID- 1224211 TI - [Practical implementation of the physical rehabilitation of cardiac patients]. PMID- 1224213 TI - Coronary arteriography. PMID- 1224212 TI - [Value of Dogmatil in the retraining and rehabilitation of aged subjects. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 1224214 TI - Tumours of the nasopharynx--Singapore 1969-1971 the presenting picture. PMID- 1224215 TI - Fatal coxsackie virus infections of the newborn. PMID- 1224216 TI - The role of surgery in cerebral palsy. PMID- 1224217 TI - Absence of abnormal variants of cholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1.8) in a Malaysian population with three major racial groups. PMID- 1224218 TI - The response of human tendon to hydrocortisone injection. PMID- 1224219 TI - Cryo extraction of senile cataracts (a modified approach & reappraisal). PMID- 1224220 TI - A survey of the relationship of infection with toxoplasmosis in Asian women and its possible effects on their pregnancy outcome. PMID- 1224221 TI - Treatment of head lice infestation with benzyl benzoate and pyrethrum. PMID- 1224222 TI - Epidemic hysteria and social change: an outbreak in a lower secondary school in Malaysia. PMID- 1224223 TI - Ilio-femoral venous thrombosis in healthy adults. PMID- 1224224 TI - "A case report of Moyamoya disease.". PMID- 1224225 TI - Attitude-toward different systems of medicine: a survey of four villages in the Punjab-India. PMID- 1224226 TI - Media images and medical images. PMID- 1224227 TI - The portfolio approach to health behaviour. PMID- 1224228 TI - Medical student career choice: a conceptualization. PMID- 1224229 TI - Some issues in the consideration of non-Western and Western folk practices as epidemiologic data. PMID- 1224230 TI - Demographic and socio-economic variations in health and family planning behavior in urban Pakistan. PMID- 1224232 TI - Negative therapeutics. PMID- 1224231 TI - Normative structure and health: a socio-environmental adaptation model. PMID- 1224233 TI - [Clinical significance of direct causes and mechanisms of death]. PMID- 1224234 TI - [Organization of therapeutic service to pregnant women in a large city]. PMID- 1224235 TI - [Restoration of work capacity after mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 1224236 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of betolepsy]. PMID- 1224237 TI - [Effect of lasix on cerebrovascular circulation (rheoencephalographic studies)]. PMID- 1224238 TI - [Morphological and functional changes in the liver in ulcer disease]. PMID- 1224239 TI - [Facial syndromes in neurological practice]. PMID- 1224240 TI - [Guillain-Barre polyradiculoneuritis and Landry's paralysis]. PMID- 1224241 TI - [For the mother and child (toward the International Woman's Year)]. PMID- 1224242 TI - [Activity of lipoprotein lipase in families of patients with different types of stroke]. PMID- 1224243 TI - [Cerebrovascular circulation in chronic nonspecific lung diseases according to rheoencephalographic data]. PMID- 1224244 TI - [Medical deontology and iatrogenesis]. PMID- 1224245 TI - [Ophthalmic migraine]. PMID- 1224246 TI - [Treatment of vasomotor cephalgia with certain vegetotropic agents]. PMID- 1224247 TI - [Neurologic disorders after operations with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1224248 TI - [Pathogenesis of betolepsy]. PMID- 1224249 TI - [Diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy]. PMID- 1224250 TI - [Psychic functions in patients with terminal renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1224251 TI - [Psychic changes after severe burn trauma and basic principles of their treatment]. PMID- 1224252 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographic comparisons in meningoencephalitis of meningococcal etiology]. PMID- 1224253 TI - [Clinico-anatomical syndromes of brain lesions in meningococcal infection]. PMID- 1224254 TI - [Sexual behavior in relation to the mental state of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1224255 TI - [Provocative role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders in young persons]. PMID- 1224256 TI - [Neurological changes in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 1224257 TI - [Cellular immunity and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224258 TI - [Rheumatoid factor and complement]. PMID- 1224259 TI - [Arthritis and lysosomal enzymes]. PMID- 1224260 TI - [Vascular changes of the articular tissues in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224261 TI - [Clinical picture of arthritis--an observation on surgically excised specimen]. PMID- 1224262 TI - [Problems of management of chronic rheumatoid arthritis from the view point of inflammation pathology]. PMID- 1224263 TI - [General management of rheumatoid arthritis and its importance]. PMID- 1224264 TI - [Significance of drug therapy in chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224265 TI - [Problems of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224266 TI - [Significance of surgical management of chronic rheumatoid arthritis with special reference to the inflammatory period]. PMID- 1224267 TI - [Joint prosthesis--its present and future]. PMID- 1224268 TI - Multiple disseminated granulomata in sensitized guinea pigs. PMID- 1224269 TI - [Letter: Constricting dystrophy of the thorax in the neonate (Jeune syndrome)]. PMID- 1224270 TI - Letter: Hair transplantation. PMID- 1224271 TI - [Letter: Equipment in readiness]. PMID- 1224272 TI - Letter: Infants with earache. PMID- 1224273 TI - Cervical cancer screening in a Johannesburg family planning centre. AB - The results of cervical smears done on the first 15 000 women screened by the cytology laboratory established in the Johannesburg clinic of the Transvaal Family Planning Association in July 1972, are recorded. Analysis indicates a high cytological detection rate of severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (20,2 per 1 000), and of microinvasion and frank invasion (1,8 per 1 000). The total positive pick-up rate was thus 22 per 1 000 women screened. Many potentially progressive atypias and mild-to-moderate dysplasias requiring cytological follow-up have also been disclosed. An analysis of the race, age and parity profiles of women in the positive group is recorded, and details of treatment and subsequent follow-up are noted. The results of this programme are compared with other published studies. It would appear that a family planning clinic population is an ideal target for anticipated mass screening programmes in this country. PMID- 1224274 TI - Some side-effects of alpha-methyldopa. AB - Three different regimens of drug treatment for hypertension were compared with regard to the development of undesirable side-effects in a group of 53 patients attending a hypertension clinic. The combination of alpha-methyldopa and chlorthalidone produced the highest incidence of side-effects. Weakness and impotence were most frequently encountered. In contrast, the combination of chlorthalidone, hydralazine and propranolol, and chlorthalidone alone, produced fewer side-effects. It is recommended that alpha-methyldopa should not be a first choice in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 1224275 TI - Basal serum gastrin levels in normal subjects and in various gastro-intestinal conditions. AB - A total of 1 035 routine serum gastrin investigations was undertaken with a commercially available kit. Levels in 49 normal subjects were similar to those found in 200 patients with duodenal ulcertaion, in 42 patients with gastric ulcers, in 9 patients with carcinoma of the stomach, in 55 patients with chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis, and in 27 with iron deficiency anaemia. Significantly raised levels of serum gastrin were found in 32 patients with megaloblastic anaemias, where the rise in serum gastrin concentration correlated with a fall in maximal acid output, and in 14 patients with complete vagotomies. It is suggested that a level of less than 2 mEq/h of acid after insulin and a raised serum gastrin level are useful criteria of completeness of vagotomy. PMID- 1224276 TI - In search of a curriculum. AB - The curricular needs in the continuing education of general practitioners can be assessed by means of surveys which utilise practice profile data. In constructing the practice profile, we have made use of disease classification fata and factors involved in practice management. So far, the results of a survey in which 100 practitioners are participating indicate that the method will yield valuable results. PMID- 1224277 TI - Skull thickness of Black and White races. AB - The skull thickness in Black and White adults of both sexes was studied in Rhodesia by two methods. White women have the thickest, and White men the thinnest skulls. The skulls of women are thicker than those of men in both ethnic groups. The differences are shown to be statistically significant. PMID- 1224278 TI - Cannabis-related acute brain syndrome following major trauma. AB - An acute brain syndrome in a cannabis-dependent patient, who sustained multiple injuries, is described. Points of difference between this syndrome and delirium tremens are discussed. Recommendations are made regarding the treatment of this complication, which may follow multiple injuries or operative procedures. PMID- 1224279 TI - Psychotherapy and the aged. AB - Psychotherapy for ageing or old people is defined and described, and certain theoretical and practical aspects are dealt with. Special emphasis is laid on the direction and movement of a series of therapeutic encounters, so as to make clear, even to the non-specialist reader, what the patient might expect to gain from these. PMID- 1224280 TI - Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes studied by freeze-etching. PMID- 1224281 TI - [The mycelial wall of Trichophyton mentagrophytes; ultrastructural study of its constitutive layers following the use of a method to demonstrate polysaccharides]. AB - The ultrastructure of T. mentagrophytes hyphal walls was studied after the use of a cytochemical reaction for polysaccharides. The sections showed a wall composed of 3 layers viz: an external, poorly reactive one with a microfibrillary structure; a medium, fairly reactive one, with a periodic structure and an internal, intensivly stained layer, not observed in old cells. Other observations suggested that the septal medium layer should be differentiated from those cited above. The results are compared with previous data and a synthetic scheme of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes hyphal wall is proposed. PMID- 1224282 TI - [Ecology of dermatophytes. I. Correlation between the dermatophyte infection and keratinophilic fungi from the soils of Rosario]. PMID- 1224283 TI - The morphology of colony variants of three species of Candida. AB - The colonies of 12 isolates of 3 Candida spp. with variant colony forms were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Small colonies were formed by 4 isolates each of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis and by 1 of C. tropicalis. These had an abnormally high proportion of degenerate yeast cells with an associated increase in granular cytoplasmic material intercellularly. The increased matrix in these small colonies formed a thick superficial coat over the organisms. Rough colonies were formed by 1 isolate each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. The convoluted regions of these colonies contained many pseudohyphal cells but few degenerate cells and little granular or fibrillar material in their intercellular matrices. The shape of colonies of Candida spp. may be altered by variations in the viability or the morphology of the organisms. PMID- 1224284 TI - Carboxylic activity of giant cells of human granuloma produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. AB - The carboxilic activity of giant cells of human granuloma produced by P. brasiliensis was studied. The enzymatic activity was revealed by reddish-brown, purple red, and indigo-blue cytoplasmic precipitate, using the substrates alpha naphthyl-acetate, naphthol-AS acetate and 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl acetate respectively. The giant cells were intensely positive in all cases studied. We believe this esterasic activity is related to the lytic, lisosomic activity of the macrophages and giant cells in response to the activity by the P. brasiliensis in tissue. PMID- 1224285 TI - Retention of albino and brown phenotypes of Histoplasma capsulatum by liquid nitrogren refrigeration. AB - Pathogenic differences between albino (A) and brown (B) phenotypes of Histoplasma capsulatum for experimental animals, and serological differences between A- and B derived histoplasmins or yeast-phase antigens, necessitate the retention of these phenotypes in culture for diagnoses and epidemiologic studies. Selected strains of A and B types were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN) and stored for 6-9 months in the vapor phase of a LN refrigerator (-165 degrees C). The strains were tested by using Berliner's method for differentiation of these two phenotypes. The results have proved that the LN refrigeration can be used for long-term conservation to prevent the conversion of B type into the A type in vitro. PMID- 1224286 TI - Bovine fetal cerebral absidiomycosis. AB - Only 1 case of fetal cerebral mycosis was found in 4015 aborted bovine fetuses. Absidia corymbifera was associated with vasculitis, thrombosis, abscessation and cavitation of the brain. Antibodies against A. corymbifera and other fungal antigens were not detected in fetal serum by immunodiffusion techniques. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in excess of the normal was detected in the fetal serum by radial-immunodiffusion assay. PMID- 1224287 TI - Actinomycotic mycetoma due to Streptomyces somaliensis: report of a case in South Africa. AB - The etiology of mycetomas due to aerobic actinomycetes in southern Africa is still not well understood. Martin and Berson (1973) have suggested that trauma plays an important initial part in this and several other subcutaneous mycotic infections but adequate documentation is often sadly lacking. The following case report is the first known for southern Africa in which Streptomyces somaliensis has been shown by culture and by histology to be the casual organism, and one of the few where the history is well known. PMID- 1224288 TI - In vitro degradation of human hair by Hendersonula toruloidea. AB - The in vitro ability of 5 Hendersonula toruloidea and 1 control Microsporum gypseum strain to degrade human hair has been studied by analysis of culture medium and microscopy. H. toruloidea was able to utilize human hair as a source of nutrients but the extent varied according to the isolate and in all cases degradation was less marked than with M. gypseum. PMID- 1224289 TI - Phoma (Peyronellaea) as zoopathogen. AB - Two case reports add to the rare recorded instances of infection of man and other animals by Phoma or Phoma-like molds. Phoma cava was consistently cultured from aural dermatitis of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and tissue sections of the ear revealed fragments of apparent pycnidial walls, as well as many septate hyphae. In the second instance, numerous Phoma-like pycnidia occurred in and upon the hairs of a young child, in a lesion initiated by Trichophyton infection. PMID- 1224290 TI - [Mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of D-penicillamine in infectious nonspecific (rheumatoid) polyarthritis]. PMID- 1224291 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with kuprenyl (D-penicillamine)]. PMID- 1224292 TI - [Intra-articular administration of radioactive gold and immunosuppressive agents in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224293 TI - [Autoimmune reactions in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224294 TI - [Clinical variants of early stages of systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 1224295 TI - [Diagnosis of esophageal lesion in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 1224296 TI - [Study of certain indicators of metabolism and microcirculation in the tissues of the hip joint in deforming coxarthrosis]. PMID- 1224297 TI - [Clinico-morphological changes in the lungs in dermatomyositis]. PMID- 1224298 TI - [Basis for and perspectives of using interferon in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1224299 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224300 TI - [Role of the system of hemostasis in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224301 TI - [Role of viruses in the development of autoimmunity]. PMID- 1224302 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectra in rheumatism]. PMID- 1224303 TI - [Study of nucleic acid metabolism in the mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and "skin windows" in patients with active rheumatism]. PMID- 1224304 TI - [Study of migrative capacity of leukocytes in patients with rheumatism in autoculture. Phenomenon of spontaneous migration of leukocytes]. PMID- 1224305 TI - [Study of delayed hypersensitivity in patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 1224306 TI - [Effect of quinoline derivatives on the state of phagocytosis in patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 1224307 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of mitral heart defect]. PMID- 1224308 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of antirheumatic preparations]. PMID- 1224309 TI - [Remote results of the use of leukeran in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224310 TI - [Rheumatoid aortitis]. PMID- 1224311 TI - [Adenylic acid system of blood in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1224312 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of hypertensive disease running its course with crises]. PMID- 1224313 TI - [Lupoid syndrome]. PMID- 1224314 TI - [Treatment of Itsenko-Cushing syndrome with chlodithan]. PMID- 1224315 TI - [Study of the content of total potassium in patients with diabetes mellitus by the method of whole body radiometry]. PMID- 1224316 TI - [Clinical course and function of external respiration in mitral heart defects under conditions of high altitude]. PMID- 1224317 TI - [Acute gastro-intestinal ulcers in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 1224318 TI - [Role of calcium in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1224319 TI - [Function of external respiration in patients with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 1224321 TI - [Hemodynamic shifts in patients with hypertensive syndrome under the effect of exercise therapy]. PMID- 1224320 TI - [Lyell's syndrome developed as a result of treatment with antibiotics]. PMID- 1224322 TI - [Comparative significance of nonspecific changes of ECG at rest and in hypertensive disease as risk factors in the development of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1224323 TI - [Use of vetrazine in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1224324 TI - [Types of hyperlipoproteinemia in ischemic heart disease at young age]. PMID- 1224325 TI - [Relationship between potassium metabolism, central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1224326 TI - [Certain characteristics of pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease in women under 50 (before menopause)]. PMID- 1224327 TI - [Use of tele-electrocardiographic control during rehabilitation of patients having undergone myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1224328 TI - [Informative value of the tests with adrenergic blockaders, potassium and Valsalva's maneuver for identification of inverted T waves]. PMID- 1224329 TI - [Importance of pancreatic enzymes in blood serum for diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 1224330 TI - [Kallikreinogen-kallikrein system in the blood serum of patients with enterocolitis]. PMID- 1224331 TI - [Heart lesion in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1224332 TI - [Pathogenetic characteristics of development of cor pulmonale in certain chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 1224333 TI - [Content of free kinins and the activity of kinin-forming enzyme in blood plasma in chronic stage I and II pneumonia in adults]. PMID- 1224334 TI - [Characteristics of arteriosclerosis in patients with chronic pneumonia and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1224335 TI - [Effect of aerosol of euspiran on the blood gas composition in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1224336 TI - [Characteristics of present-day manifestations of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1224337 TI - [Changes of acid-base equilibrium of blood depending on the severity of clinical course of infectious-allergic form of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1224338 TI - [Effect of natural carbon dioxide narzan baths on the adrenal cortex function and cortisol and androgen metabolism in patients with postinfarct cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 1224339 TI - [Certain problems of clinical-occupational prognosis in rheumatic heart defects complicated by auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 1224340 TI - [Certain problems of the clinical pharmacology of beta-methyldigoxin]. PMID- 1224341 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral valve stenosis (comparison with surgical data)]. PMID- 1224342 TI - [Pathogenesis of cardiac asthma]. PMID- 1224343 TI - [Personality qualities of students and their susceptibility to certain cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 1224344 TI - [Incidence of hypertension in drivers of public transport vehicles]. PMID- 1224345 TI - [Supravalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 1224346 TI - [Prognosis of the outcome of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1224347 TI - [Recurrent myocardial infarct in young persons and subsequent work capacity]. PMID- 1224348 TI - [Sympathetic-adrenal system in the acute period of myocardial infarct (clinico experimental studies)]. PMID- 1224349 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in acute myocardial infarct during the first 3 days and the effectiveness of their treatment]. PMID- 1224350 TI - [Experience in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct with streptokinase]. PMID- 1224351 TI - [Electric stimulation in myocardial infarct complicated by arrhythmia]. PMID- 1224352 TI - [Clinical variants of the restorative period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1224353 TI - [Relation between disorders of lipid metabolism and the process of blood coagulation in myocardial infarct according to thrombelastographic data]. PMID- 1224354 TI - [Adenyl cyclase activity in the thrombocytes of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1224355 TI - [Chronotropic reserve of the heart and the indicators of physical work capacity in persons with coronary arteriosclerosis and hypertensive disease]. PMID- 1224356 TI - [Genetic aspects of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1224357 TI - [Potassium chloride test-load for differentiation of electrocardiographic indicators of repolarization disorders in coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1224358 TI - [Certain aspects of pathogenetic similarity of arteriosclerosis and hypertensive disease]. PMID- 1224359 TI - [Changes in hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive disease under the effect of certain hypotensive drugs]. PMID- 1224360 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction under the effect of alcohol]. PMID- 1224361 TI - [Ketone bodies in the blood as an indicator of lipid metabolism in healthy persons and in patients with arteriosclerosis under conditions of fasting and food intake]. PMID- 1224362 TI - [Clinical and rheographic results of nicergoline in the treatment of arteritis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1224363 TI - [Electrophysiologic properties of acebutolol in man]. PMID- 1224364 TI - [Liminal dose of acetylcholine in asthmatics under the influence of clomipramine]. PMID- 1224365 TI - [Drug-induced mental confusion during chemotherapy of psychiatric diseases. Possible role of trihexyphenidyl]. PMID- 1224366 TI - [Effervescent aspirin without sodium. Preliminary clinical study]. PMID- 1224367 TI - [Intolerance to minocycline: apropos of 38 cases]. PMID- 1224368 TI - [Ulcerated benign gastric tumors]. PMID- 1224369 TI - Immunology of Crohn's disease. PMID- 1224370 TI - Reporting of suicide: Canadian statistics. AB - This limited study based on publicly available statistics provides strong support for the belief that underreporting of suicide in Canada may be considerable. If this is true, it immediately justifies a greatly increased effort to refine and upgrade the ascertainment procedures so as to make the recorded statistics of more value in assessing the size and epidemiological relationships of the public health problem. From this study has also emerged the idea that, if any given community, there may exist some "general tendency" to violent and unrestrained behavior-a tendency that influences the rates for both suicide and comparable accidents in a similar direction. To explore this and similar concepts adequately requires greater refinement and reliability of the basic statistical data. PMID- 1224371 TI - Family dynamics, childhood depression, and attempted suicide in a 7-year-old boy: a case study. AB - Overt suicidal behavior in children is uncommon. The few papers discussing this area include only minimal descriptions of family dynamics and do not, in general, utilize the concept of childhood depression in the formulation of this behavior. This paper reviews the literature in the two areas of suicidal behavior and depression in children and presents in detail the family dynamics surrounding a suicidal attempt in a 7-year-old boy. The case is formulated in terms of childhood depression, and the course of treatment is discussed. PMID- 1224372 TI - Self-poisoning with follow-up considerations. AB - One hundred patients who in 1963 had attempted self-poisoning and were subsequently admitted to the intoxication ward of a psychiatric hospital were studied twice: immediately after the attempted self-poisoning and 8 years after the attempt. It was found that within the follow-up period a total of nine patients had died, four of whom had committed suicide. The risk of suicide per years is .5%. According to the literature the range of the annual suicide risk is .9% to 2.5%. PMID- 1224373 TI - Police suicides revisted. AB - Between January 1, 1934 and January 1, 1940, 91 New York City policemen committed suicide. Dr. Paul Friedmann, in the only previously published account describing this special group, speculated that the high suicide rate for those years was due, in part, to the turbulence caused by changes in New York City's political administration attendant to Tammany Hall's fall from political hegemony as a result of the 1933 election of Fiorello H. La Guardia. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the original police files and case histories, now residing in the Zilboorg-Friedman Archives, and to offer new comments and speculations concerning these police suicides. Involved in this examination will be (a) the use of the "psychological autopsy" in assessing several equivocal deaths; (b) the use of statistical techniques to analyze both previously unpublished archival material and recently acquired police suicide data from other cities in America and England; and (c) a discussion of the impact of Tammany Hall politics on the police department, including an assessment of the effects of the La Guardia election in 1933. PMID- 1224374 TI - A discriminant function procedure for identifying abusing parents. AB - From 60 abusive parents was selected a sample of 15 males and 18 females, each identified as the primary abusive parent in the home. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory of each was subjected to a series of discriminant function analyses. Recognizing that sex is an important determinant in understanding and predicting child abuse, separate scales were derived for males, females, and sexes combined. A graph is included that allows for estimating the probability of an individual's being an abusive parent. Using these scales in conjunction with clinical interviews and medical history, there is thus an increased probability of identifying parents "at risk." Content analyses of the scale items reflect specific conflict areas for males and females that make for increased understanding of the psychology of child abuse. PMID- 1224375 TI - The epidemiology of life-threatening events. AB - This paper explores the epidemiology and impact (both short- and long-term) of acute life-threatening experiences among a youthful population. Interviews were conducted with 649 individuals between the ages of 13 and 30. Thirty-four percent of these respondents reported a total of 290 analyzable, subjectively perceived death confrontation experiences. An estimate of over 2 1/2 million living ex suicide attempters, under age 30, was derived, and suicide was found to be a significantly unique form of death confrontation. In contrast to earlier work, panic and fear were found significantly to describe the majority of impacts reported, while avoidance appears to be the modal long-term effect. Differential impacts and effects are reported by mode of event, and results are discussed in relation to their impact for crisis counseling. PMID- 1224376 TI - On the association of sex and violence in the fantasy production of college students. AB - This paper investigates whether there is an association between sexual imagery and violent imagery in stories produced in response to ambiguous Thematic Apperception Test stimuli. In addition, two commonsense assumptions about sex and violence are examined: (a) do men have more sexual imagery than women? and (b) assuming men are more aggressive than women, do they produce fantasies with more violent themes? Thematic Apperception Test protocols administered to 80 college students as part of a study conducted at Syracuse University in the late 1950s were examined using two scoring systems--one for sexual imagery and one for violent imagery. An association between sex and violence was found for men only. The conventional wisdom that all men ever think about is sex was undermined by the finding that men and women do not differ in the production of sexual imagery. In terms of production of violent imagery, men and women also do not differ. The fact that females are less aggressive than men is overt behavior may be a function of social and cultural forces which operate differentially on men and women. PMID- 1224377 TI - The anticipation of death by violence: a psychological profile. AB - College students (n = 172) completed Cattell's personality factor questionnaire, Rotter's locus of control scale, Speilberger's trait anxiety measure, and Sabatini and Kastenbaum's self-completed death certificate. Comparison of profiles for subjects anticipating sudden violent death (SVD, n = 59) with those anticipating natural death (ND, n = 113) disclosed that the SVD group was characteristically more anxious and socially isolated. A sex-by-type of death interaction occurred for locus of control, with SVD females being the most external, suggesting that this group was more likely to "give up" in response to stress. The data support Shneidman's concept of subintentioned death in disclosing that several personality factors may be associated with violent death. PMID- 1224378 TI - Hopelessness: an indicator of suicidal risk. AB - In a sample of 87 hospitalized suicide attempters, a hopelessness scale was found to be significantly better than a depression inventory as an indicator of suicidal risk. Hopelessness also correlated better than depression with self ratings of the attenuation of the desire to go on living. PMID- 1224379 TI - Risks of mortality of suicide attempters compared with psychiatric and general populations. AB - This study compares mortality risk among suicide attempters, psychiatric patients, and members of the general population using demographic data from the Monroe County (New York) Psychiatric Case Register for 1960 to 1970. During this 11-year period there were 172 deaths reported for the suicide attempt group, 6, 108 for the Psychiatric Register population, and 58,542 for the general population. The relative risk of death from all causes of the suicide attempt group was nearly twice that of the general population and slightly higher than that of the psychiatric group. High risks of mortality were differentially associated with several demographic and treatment variables. Implications for predictive criteria and interventive strategies are discussed. PMID- 1224380 TI - Suicide behavior: community attitudes and beliefs. AB - A survey of community attitudes and beliefs concerning suicidal behavior is reported, in which women from two suburbs differing widely in their rates of hospital treated self-poisoning and self-injury were interviewed. Sympathetic attitudes to suicidal behavior and to those who engage in it were significantly more prevalent in the low-risk area. Community beliefs regarding lethality, etiology, and ability to distinguish suicide and "attempted suicide" are reported, and the relationship of these beliefs to attitudes is discussed. PMID- 1224381 TI - "Shalom" means peace. PMID- 1224382 TI - To be, or not to be--certified. PMID- 1224383 TI - The vulnerability of young Japanese women and suicide. AB - Young Japanese females had the highest suicide rate in the world until the end of the 1960s, and it is still extremely high. This paper attempts to explain this phenomenon primarily in terms of vulnerability-in their personalities, social conditions, and role conflicts. Concomitant psychological traits and social conditions are discussed. The cultural conflict of young Japanese women is explicated in terms of psychological and historical information. In addition, the reasons for the differences between the suicide rates among females in the Tokyo area and the Kytot-Osaka area are explored largely in terms of concepts relating to authoritarianism and its correlates. PMID- 1224384 TI - Transcultural attitudes toward homocide and suicide. AB - Using the concept that homicide and suicide are complex sociopsychiatric phenomena clearly influenced by cultural norms and values that define which behaviors are viewed as deviant, the investigators constructed a small sample model to determine relevant qualitative attributes of public opinion. A stratified factorial sample of 258 subjects distributed among eight large cities throughout the world was selected for interviewing. The 2,603 resulting statements were then subjected to content analysis and categorization. Results indicated that people in cities, regardless of location, are most concerned about crimes of violence, especially homicide, and those against property. Other kinds of life-threatening offenses such as arson, war, and suicide are seldom seen as important "crimes." Many people endorse a problem-solving approach to dealing with crime and criminals, but a reservior of traditional, punitive attitudes clearly remains among the less educated, lower socioeconomic classes. A commonality of many attitudes in these various urban centers does suggest that modern communication techniques may well have a modulating effect on culture bound orientations toward crime. PMID- 1224385 TI - Is there a biochemical predictor of suicide? AB - There is a need for additional instruments to alert the clinician more effectively to the high self-destructive potential of some of his suicide-risk patients. In this study it was found that suicides-to-be tended to have higher plasma cortisols than suicidal patients who did not subsequently commit suicide within two years of the test. The article discusses the possible mechanisms involved and reviews some of the literature indicating that there may be a biochemical substratum that may play a significant role in some suicides. PMID- 1224386 TI - Death and suicide in modern lyrics. PMID- 1224387 TI - [Effects of the cobalt ion on the in vitro growth of mouse fetus fibroblasts (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of cobalt II (CoCl2.6 H2O) on growth and plating efficiency of an established line of BALB/c mouse embryo cells was examined. The degree of inhibition of cell proliferation was dependent on both cobaltous ion dose and duration of treatment. Plating efficiency was enhanced by low doses and/or short time of exposure, but was reduced by treatment with higher doses or of longer duration. PMID- 1224388 TI - [Evidence of an intrinsic defect of lymphocyte reactivity in AKR mice (author's transl)]. AB - Like their AKR/J parent, (CBAT6T6 X AKR/J)F1 mice are carriers of endogenous G MuLV and present a high incidence of spontaneous lymphoma. However, the F1 hybrids do not present the immunological deficits seen in pre-leukemic AKR/J mice since they respond normally to in vitro PHA stimulation and to in vivo LPS immunization. These observations suggest that there is probably no direct relationship between the presence of MuLV and immunological impairment. Studies have been carried out to ascertain whether the altered immunological reactivity seen in AKR/J mice is related to factors intrinsic to the immunocompetent cells or to environmental inadequacy. Thus, (CBAT6T6 X AKR/J)F1 mice were thymectomized, irradiated, reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow and simultaneous transplant of CBAT6T6 and AKR/J thymus, and their lymphocyte response to PHA was assayed. In addition, antibody production following LPS immunization was studied by transferring AKR/J splenic cells to irradiated CBA6T6 or (CBAT6T6 X AKR/J)F1 mice, and vice-versa. The results of these investigations indicate that an intrinsic lymphocyte hyporeactivity is present in AKR/J mice and environmental factors do not modify the reactivity of the transferred immunocompetent cells. PMID- 1224389 TI - [Congenital fibrosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - A case of congenital fibrosarcoma is described and analyzed together with 27 other cases reported in the literature. The rather favourable biologic behaviour justifies conservative therapy based on complete and early surgical resection. PMID- 1224390 TI - [Correlations between clinical control and histopathologic findings in breast cancer after irradiation and radical mastectomy (author's transl)]. AB - 154 cases of breast cancer (30 T1-52; 124 T3-54) treated by irradiation followed by radical mastectomy were subjected to histological revision in order to check the efficacy of radiotherapy in the local control of cancer and to seek correlations between the histological findings and the clinical course of the disease. The tumor disappeared completely only in 24% of cases, the percentage being higher in the initially smaller tumors; the axillary lymph nodes showed disappearance of the metastases in a still smaller proportion of cases, namely 15 20%. Only in 16 cases (10% of cases) were the histological findings negative both at mammary and axillary levels. X-ray therapy and cobalt therapy were of equal value in the local control of the disease, despite the higher doses of cobalt. The patients operated on after radiotherapy had a decidedly better survival rate than those treated with irradiation only, since the former were selected because of their better clinical course and operated on because of this. Of the operated patients those whose axillary histology was negative presented a higher survival rate (75% of patients living) than those whose findings were positive (53%). Factors of negligible importance prognostically were: complete sterilization at mammary and axillary level after radiotherapy, persistence of florid cancer tissue at mammary level and histiocytosis of the axillary lymph nodes. In short, the result of locoregional therapy, even when successful, was not crucial in the general control of the disease, especially in advanced locoregional breast cancer (T3-T4 with axillary metastases). PMID- 1224391 TI - [Convoluted cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (author's transl)]. AB - The recent identification among non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas of a high-grade malignancy entity of possible thymic origin and defined as lymphoblastic convoluted-cell lymphoma allowed the morphologic and radiological diagnosis of nine cases of this disease. Males outnumbered females (6/9) and the age ranged from 6 to 54 years. The histologic diagnosis relied upon the characteristic non cohesive cellularity as well as upon the peculiar cribriform nuclear structure, the convoluted appearance of the nuclei, the anisokaryosis, the paucity of the cytoplasm and the minimal size of the nucleoli. The anatomical distribution of the disease was ascertained in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver and several other extranodal sites. Bone marrow invasion was observed in seven cases and presence of lymphoma cells in the peripheral blood in six. A thymic mediastinal mass was present radiologically in seven cases and lymphography was positive in five. Follow-up data revealed death of four patients within 10 months and survival of two up to 17 months. The cellular morphology of the malignant lymphoma seems to be sufficiently diagnostic. This entity deserves an autonomous position within the classifications of malignant lymphomas as it appears in the functional one proposed by Lukes and Collins (21) as well as in the Kiel classification (13). PMID- 1224392 TI - [Prognosis of melanoma of the vulva (author's transl)]. AB - From 1930 to 1972, 27 cases of melanoma of the vulva were treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Prognosis was evaluated in relation to the therapy, the anatomical site, the lymphnodes metastases and the classification according to Clark. The median survival was 20 months and the 4-yr survival was 19%. The authors reached the following conclusions: site and T of melanoma have no prognostic value; survival is strictly related to the lymphnodes metastases and to Clark's classification: no N+ patients survived longer than two years while 62% of N-- patients are still alive after four years. No survival after 2 years was observed in IV-V class of Clark while a 54% survival after 4 years was observed in II-III class of Clark. Surgery gives the best results while radiotherapy as single treatment is useless and its role as adjuvant postoperative therapy is still uncertain. PMID- 1224393 TI - [Mechanism of action of progestins in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The in vitro interference of some gestagens with the binding of 3H-17-beta oestradiol to cytosol specific receptors was investigated with a view to elucidating the mechanism of action of progestins in the treatment of human hormone-dependent breast cancer. A decrease (up to 85%) of oestradiol binding capacity was observed with high concentrations of progesterone, clogestone and medrogestone. These findings are in good agreement with those previously obtained by the same progestins in our laboratory on rat uterine estrogen receptors in vitro or in vivo. These results provide the support for the hypothesis that the mode of action of progestins in the therapy of mammary and perhaps uterine carcinomas is to some extent related to the inhibition of oestradiol binding to cytosol specific receptors. PMID- 1224394 TI - Histology of chemically induced mesotheliomas in MRC-Wistar rats. AB - Two peritoneal mesotheliomas were induced in rats during a carcinogenicity study of 1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil (NO-DHU) injected intraperitoneally. A review of literature concerning experimental induction of such tumors indicated that they seldom produced with organic compounds and rarely occur spontaneously. In the present study, several reports of chemically induced mesotheliomas of the testes are analyzed and the diagnoses critically reviewed along with other differential diagnoses. PMID- 1224395 TI - Value of the NBT test in the diagnosis of bacterial infection in untreated cancer patients and in those on radio- and/or chemotherapy. AB - As the first step in the study, the results of the NBT test in 83 patients with various untreated neoplasms, including 20 lymphomas, without bacterial infections and in 35 neoplastic patients with this complications were compared with the results obtained in control groups. No significant differences in the results were found between the groups of neoplastic patients without or with bacterial infections and the controls. To evaluate the NBT test during radio- and/or chemotherapy, especially in neutropenia, 45 patients were NBT-monitored. During the study of 102 episodes of neutropenia 43 infections occurred and 30 were NBT confirmed. In remaining 13 cases it was impossible to perform the test because of extremely low neutrophil count (below 500/mul). All 20 infections in patients with normal neutrophil count were NBT-positive. These results confirm the usefulness of the test for infection screening in untreated with malignancies, as well as in patients receiving radio- and/or chemotherapy. However, the test can be taken only in patients without severe neutropenia. PMID- 1224396 TI - [Comparison of radiological findings in children with Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin's lymphomas at disease presentation (author's transl)]. AB - From January 1968 to March 1975, 115 patients with malignant lymphomas, all aged under 15 years were admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan : 57 had Hodgkin's disease (mean age 9.7 years) and 58 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (mean age 7.7 yrs). In this group of consecutive unselected and untreated patients the incidence of lesions radiologically evident at disease presentation was comparatively evaluated in relation to histology, 36 cases underwent a subsequent diagnostic laparotomy with splenectomy. PMID- 1224397 TI - [Study of 12 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testicle (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with initial testicular involvement have been considered in this retrospective evaluation. In 801 cases with referred for treatment to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1962 to 1974 evidence of initial testicular involvement was observed in 1,4% of cases. Of the whole group of testicular tumors treated in our Institute only 3% were classified as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Six out of 12 patients with stage I (2 cases) and II (4 cases) diseases were treated with Cobalt therapy to the retroperitoneal nodes. Only one patient remained free of disease after radiotherapy. Three patients relapsed after primary irradiation and six patients classified as stage IV were treated with chemotherapy. Patients receiving combination chemotherapy had in general a better quality of response and a larger, but not significantly different, survival, compared to patients given simple agent sequential chemotherapy. Since the differential diagnosis between testicular lymphomas and seminomas may cause some difficulties and therapeutic implications are different, clinicians should be alert to this problem: in our case series testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was the most frequent non-germinal tumor of the testicle. PMID- 1224398 TI - [Primary hepatic infantile hemangioendothelioma (author's transl)]. AB - Primary hepatic infantile hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor, characterized by its appearance in early infancy as well as by the frequent association with various malformations and with similar angiomatous tumors of other tissues and organs. It may be single or multinodular and it is often complicated by severe peritoneal hemorrhage. Tow histologic types of this tumor are known: tipe 1 is sharply circumscribed and is considered similar to so called capillary hypertrophic hemangioma, while type 2, by showing aggressive, infiltrative and anaplastic features, is rather close to angiosarcoma. Clinical and pathological data concerning two cases of type 2 primary hepatic infantile hemangioendothelioma are reported. On the basis of experimental results and epidemiological data on hepatic angiosarcoma of adults, a possible etiopathogenetic relationship with maternal exposure during pregnancy to dangerous environmental factors is postulated. PMID- 1224399 TI - [Genetic implications in the cardio-osseus malformation (Holt-Oram syndrome)]. PMID- 1224400 TI - [Surgery of the thymus]. PMID- 1224401 TI - [Vasculitis caused by antithyroid drugs]. PMID- 1224402 TI - [Clinicopathological study of a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with a probable amniotic fluid embolism]. PMID- 1224403 TI - [Comparative study of 3 technics of bladder drainage in gynecology]. PMID- 1224404 TI - [Carcinoids and cancerous diathesis]. PMID- 1224405 TI - [Medullary epithelioma with amyloid stroma associated with pheochromocytomas and ganglioneuromas in both adrenal glands]. PMID- 1224406 TI - [Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome]. PMID- 1224407 TI - [Preventive child psychiatry and early detection: therapeutic intervention in the nutrition of a 3-month-old infant]. PMID- 1224408 TI - [Schizophrenia and catecholamines]. PMID- 1224409 TI - [Family milieu, social habits and aspirations of students using and not using drugs]. PMID- 1224410 TI - [Stuttering]. PMID- 1224411 TI - [Human pharmacology of anorectics. Validity of a questionnaire on appetite]. PMID- 1224412 TI - [Determination of the dose-response curve of a new hypolipidemic molecule: tibric acid (CP-18524). Methodologic and statistical aspects]. PMID- 1224413 TI - [Evaluation by multiple regression analysis of the clinical characteristics of a sample of adult-onset diabetics]. PMID- 1224414 TI - [A special dimension of the nonmedical use of drugs. I. Effect of drugs on sports performance]. PMID- 1224415 TI - [A special dimension of the nonmedical use of drugs. II. Systematic approach to the analytical control of doping]. PMID- 1224416 TI - [Application of clinical pharmokinetic principles in the adjustment of drug dosage]. PMID- 1224417 TI - [Influence of various methods of administration on the pharmacologic effectiveness of the gastric inhibitor factor in rats]. PMID- 1224418 TI - [Tuberculin immunity of hospital personnel: incidence and clinical significance according to professional status, BCG vaccination, and contact with the Koch bacillus]. PMID- 1224419 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the lymphatic capillaries of the kidney in experimental hydronephrosis]. PMID- 1224420 TI - [Operations in ureteral neoplasms]. PMID- 1224421 TI - [Corrective effect of hemodialysis on the circulating blood volume in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1224422 TI - [Characteristics of single-operation twin minicoil and Rhone-Poulens-5 dialyzers]. PMID- 1224423 TI - [Characteristics of protein fractions of urine in kidney diseases in children]. PMID- 1224424 TI - [Surgical tectics in congenital obstructive diseases of the ureter in children]. PMID- 1224425 TI - [Comparative characteristics of surgical approaches to the urogenital venous plexus]. PMID- 1224426 TI - [Rupture of the membraneous portion of the urethra in fractures of the anterior arch of the pelvic ring]. PMID- 1224427 TI - [Kallikrein, nonspecific proteases and trypsin inhibitor in the urine of patients with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1224428 TI - [Increase of blood flow towards the male sexual organs along the branches of the internal pudendal artery (experimental study)]. PMID- 1224429 TI - [Bilateral adenoma of the kidney with a subsequent change into cancer]. PMID- 1224430 TI - [Renal-large intestine fistula]. PMID- 1224432 TI - Presidential address on technologic restraint. PMID- 1224431 TI - [Mechanism of the action of circulating antirenal antibodies in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1224433 TI - Prostaglandin-induced bone resorption by rheumatoid synovia. PMID- 1224434 TI - Progress in the methodology for antenatal diagnosis of the beta chain hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 1224436 TI - Detection, quantitation and pathophysiology of lung "spiders". PMID- 1224435 TI - Natural history of the familial medullary thyroid carcinoma-pheochromocytoma syndrome and the identification of preneoplastic stages by screening studies: a five-year report. AB - 1. In the fifth year of followup, 8 of 12 original patients thyroidectomized for MTC, diagnosed solely by abnormal calcitonin values, are disease free by all criteria. Elevated calcitonin levels are the only manifestation of active disease in three patients with presumed metastases. 2. Routine annual screening of susceptible individuals is a practical measure and has in 6 cases detected the premalignant condition of G-cell hyperplasia and in 1 patient a premetastatic state of MTC. It is premature to conclude that yearly screening is sufficient to detect all cases of premetastatic disease and for this reason we are recommending a yearly screen with pentagastrin and calcium tests and the more convenient pentagastrin test at 6 month intervals for those in the high-risk age group between 8 and 18. If screening at such intervals proves to be ineffective in preventing the disease in every case, consideration must be given to prophylactic thyroidectomy although we are not currently recommending this precedure. 3. Pentagastrin injection is often a more effective secretagogue for calcitonin than is calcium infusion, but this is not uniformly true. We therefore recommend use of both tests as the most appropriate screening procedure. 4. Epinephrine is a major secretory product of pheochromocytomas in the J-kindred and sequential E/N ratios may be of use in the early detection of pheochromocytoma in other kindreds. 5. Adrenal medullary hyperplasia has been found in 3 adrenal glands and is probably a preneoplastic condition analogous to C-cell hyperplasia. PMID- 1224437 TI - Cardiomyopathy and regional scar in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1224438 TI - A physicochemical basis for treatment of enteric hyperoxaluria. PMID- 1224439 TI - Acceptance of the Kober Medal for 1975. PMID- 1224440 TI - Dinner address. How to swim with sharks: the advanced course. PMID- 1224441 TI - Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia: a new syndrome? PMID- 1224442 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: elevated plasma and tissue levels in the watery-diarrhea syndrome due to pancreatic and other tumors. PMID- 1224443 TI - Viral hepatitis, type A: identification by specific complement fixation and immune adherence tests. PMID- 1224444 TI - [Hyams test in patients with surgically treated compensated glaucoma]. PMID- 1224445 TI - [Correlation of rheographic indicators in normal state and in glaucoma]. PMID- 1224446 TI - [Rate of blood oxygen output in certain types of ocular pathology]. PMID- 1224447 TI - [Late outcomes of homoscleroplasty in progressive myopia]. PMID- 1224448 TI - [Results of trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 1224449 TI - [Effect of the focusing apparatus of the optic system on visual acuity in myopia]. PMID- 1224451 TI - [Structure of hypermetropic and myopic types of astigmatism]. PMID- 1224450 TI - [Correction of presbyopia through calculation of the scope of accommodation]. PMID- 1224452 TI - [Artificial crystalline lens fixed onto the iris outside the pupil (extrapupillary iris-lens)]. PMID- 1224453 TI - [Cataract extraction combined with sinusotomy in patients with glaucoma]. PMID- 1224454 TI - [Collapse of the eyeball during removal of complicated traumatic cataracts]. PMID- 1224455 TI - [Clinical characteristics of an aphakic eye after extraction of swelling cataracts]. PMID- 1224456 TI - [Retinoschisis and its clinical relationship to retinal detachment]. PMID- 1224457 TI - [Hakim's reaction in the diagnosis of malignant eye neoplasms]. PMID- 1224458 TI - [Contact microscopy in the study of microcirculation of the eye (experimental study)]. PMID- 1224459 TI - [Relationship between the magnetic field of the earth and the incidence of acute attacks of primary glaucoma and acute disorders of retinal circulation]. PMID- 1224460 TI - [Experience in operating a binocular device for recording of micromovements of the eyes]. PMID- 1224461 TI - [Use of ultrasonic holography in ophthalmology]. PMID- 1224462 TI - [Transplantation of the fistula of the lacrimal canal]. PMID- 1224464 TI - [New measuring rulers for the Filatov-Kalf elastotonometer]. PMID- 1224463 TI - [Dislocation of the punctum lacrimale]. PMID- 1224465 TI - [Auto-ophthalmoscopy in experimental ocular hypertension and acute attack of glaucoma]. PMID- 1224466 TI - [Dynamics of eye diseases in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 1224468 TI - [Glycerin-tonographic test for the evaluation of the condition of the ocular drainage system]. PMID- 1224467 TI - [Pathomorphological and histochemical changes in hypothalamus in glaucoma]. PMID- 1224469 TI - [Rigidity of the ocular diaphragm]. PMID- 1224470 TI - [Configuration of retinal detachment and topography of ruptures]. PMID- 1224471 TI - [Recurrent retinal detachments, their treatment and prevention]. PMID- 1224472 TI - [Concomitant changes in the functions in the twin eye after surgical treatment of pigment degeneration of the retina]. PMID- 1224473 TI - [Results of combined anti-recurrence treatment of herpetic eye disease]. PMID- 1224474 TI - [Combined operation of cataract extraction and sinus trabeculectomy]. PMID- 1224475 TI - [Use of soft contact lenses in different corneal diseases]. PMID- 1224476 TI - [Microforage operation of the sclera in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 1224478 TI - [Certain indicators of external respiration and acid-base equilibrium in children during ophthalmological operations]. PMID- 1224477 TI - [Remote results of combined treatment of retinoblastomas in children]. PMID- 1224479 TI - [Transitory myopia in pregnant women]. PMID- 1224480 TI - [Directional sensitivity of the retina in normal and myopic eyes]. PMID- 1224481 TI - [Dependence of visual acuity of the myopic eye on the defocusing of the image in different types of optical correction]. PMID- 1224482 TI - [Clinico-laboratory examinations in lesions of the optic nerve]. PMID- 1224483 TI - [Hemispherical perimeter for the study of spatial summation in the field of vision]. PMID- 1224484 TI - [Rifadin in the treatment of ocular tuberculosis]. PMID- 1224485 TI - [Method of fixation of the glance in electrooculography]. PMID- 1224486 TI - [Treatment of primary closed-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 1224487 TI - [Method of photography of the anterior segment of the eye]. PMID- 1224489 TI - [Use of Soviet-made videotape recorder in ophthalmology]. PMID- 1224488 TI - [Combined set: "microscope-operating table"]. PMID- 1224490 TI - [Dysgenesis of the iris and anterior chamber angle associated with keratoglobus]. PMID- 1224491 TI - [Concerning the article by I.I. Merkulov "Errors in a classification of the diseases of the optic nerve tract"]. PMID- 1224492 TI - [Significance of the chemical structure and composition of blood substitutes in the genesis of posttransfusion reactions]. AB - The work is concerned with an attempt to formulate grounds for the occurrence of possible posttransfusion reactions and complications as a result of transfusing blood substitutors from the group of synthetic and semisynthetic polymers, protein hydrolysates and aminoacid mixtures. Also, the classification of the reaction types, depending on ehc chemical structure and content of substitutors, is suggested. Some trends of prophylaxis against possible complications and reactions arising as a result of transfusion therapy are delineated, and certain demands are made to the content of new blood substitutors that would provide for a minimum risk in their application. PMID- 1224493 TI - [Treatment of posttraumatic edema of the extremities]. AB - To treat posttraumatic edema of the extremities the authors suggest their method of liquidating edema. The method consists in a periodic production of negative pressure on a limited segment of the extremity proximally to edematous tissues. The principal grounds of the method are described. An experience with treatment of 83 patients is summarized. The results obtained are quite favourable. PMID- 1224494 TI - [Leiomyoma of the esophagus diagnosed as a tumor of the left lobe of the liver]. PMID- 1224495 TI - [Strangulation of a diaphragmatic hernia in the remote period following the Heller-Petrovsky operation]. PMID- 1224496 TI - [Volvulus of the greater omentum]. PMID- 1224497 TI - [Unusual complication of an inferiorly located duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1224498 TI - [Phytobezoar in combination with a stomach ulcer]. PMID- 1224499 TI - [Gigantic cavernous hemangioma of the liver]. PMID- 1224500 TI - [Suppurative false cyst of the pancreas in an unusual localization]. PMID- 1224501 TI - [Prolonged crush syndrome (toxemic compression-positional syndrome]. PMID- 1224502 TI - [Local reaction to sombrevin]. PMID- 1224503 TI - [Differential-diagnostic symptoms of femoral hernia and isolated varicose enlargment of the great saphenous vein of the lower extremity]. PMID- 1224504 TI - [Metastatic abscess with an unusual localization in chronic suppurative diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 1224505 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia (review of the Soviet and foreign literature]. PMID- 1224506 TI - [State of the coagulation system of the blood following treatment of varicose enlargment of the veins of the lower extremity with phlebosclerosing preparations]. AB - The present work is concerned with the study of the coagulation blood system in 50 patients showing varicous veins of the lower limbs in phlebosclerosing therapy. It was found that coagulative properties of blood depend on a stage of the disease. The most pronounced changes in blood coagulation toward hypercoagulation were observed in patients with decompensated varicous veins of the lower limbs 24 hours following the instituted therapy. It is recommended that injection of phlebosclerosing solutions in varicous veins be followed by a strict bed rest during a day. PMID- 1224507 TI - [State of regional hemodynamics and pulmonary ventilation following resection of the stomach]. AB - The state of regional hemodynamics (the brain, liver, lower limbs) and separate ventilation of the lung was studied reographically in 219 patients, in 101 of them after gastric resection for ulcerous disease and in 118 healthy persons. It was found that vitally important organs (the brain, liver, lungs) after gastric resection are adequately supplied with blood, in younger patients peripheral compensatory mechanisms playing the most important role. In aged and senile patients the function of peripheral compensatory mechanisms was markedly reduced. PMID- 1224508 TI - [Results of 7,000 fibergastroscopies]. AB - The authors report 7000 gastroscopic investigations for various gastric lesions. In ulcerous disease with localization of ulcer in the stomach fibrogastroscopy permitted establishing the precise diagnosis in 91.18% of cases, whereas roentgenological studies - in 78.75%. Gastric polyps are also recognized rather more frequently (98.26%) while using gastroscopy than a roentgenological study. An application of fibrogastroscopy in the complex diagnosis of gastric lesions seems to be mandatory since it provides for the correct diagnosis in 100% of patients. PMID- 1224509 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. AB - Twenty-six patients with the Mallory-Weiss syndrome were treated in the clinic, in 23 of them the diagnosis was established at the height of hemorrhage by means of esophagofibroscopy. Nine patients were operated upon, since conservative therapy was a failure. Postoperatively, 2 patients died. Suturing of linear ruptures of the cardiac mucous membrane, ligation of the left gastric artery, vagotomy and pyloroplasty are considered to the operation of choice. The recommended operative procedures are being grounded. The immediate and late results of operative treatment are described. PMID- 1224510 TI - [Roentgeno-morphological changes and reorganization of the functions of the biliary tract following resection of the stomach in peptic ulcer]. AB - One hundred and twenty four patients (males - 102, females - 22) aged 20-59 years were investigated. The first group comprised patients (72) suffering ulcerous disease of the stomach and duodenum, the second (43) - patients investigated in the immediate postoperative period, the third (50) - patients investigated in later postoperative terms. The routine cholegraphy was performed after a standard technic. Structual alterations and functional disorders in the gallbladder and bile ducts concomitant with gastroduodenal ulcerous disease are described. The results of Billroth-I and Billroth-II gastrectomies are compared, and it is condluded that the Billroth-I gastric resection can be considered the operation of choice, since it is not accompaned with any serious changes in the structure and function of biliary passages. PMID- 1224511 TI - [Metabolic alkalosis in patients following resuscitation]. AB - Among 3425 patients treated in the general reanimation department metabolic alkalosis was observed in 445 patients (13%). More than a half of these patients (241) showed marked hemodynamic disturbances on admission (massive blood loss, multiple grave traumas or major operations). The phenomena of hypovolemia and disturbances in peripheral circulation with recommendations on their correction are described. PMID- 1224512 TI - [Surgical treatment of suppurative hydatid echinococcosis of the liver]. AB - Among 140 patients with hydatid echinococcosis of the liver complications were noted in 58 cases: suppuration of the cyst - in 38 (27.1%), cyst rupture in the anterior abdominal wall and abdominal cavity - in 4 (2.8%), in bile ducts - in 10 (7.1%), its rupture into the right lung lower lobe, calcification of the cyst was noted in 4 patients (2.8%). It is concluded that open echinococcotomy with partial excision of the fibrous capsule and drainage of the residual cavity with a rubber tube seem to be the most effective operation for suppurative echinococcosis of the liver. PMID- 1224513 TI - [Surgical approaches to the liver and spleen]. AB - A three-edge arbalest access to subdiaphragmatic organs is suggested. The access in its total or partial extent was tested in 393 operations. This access is considered to be more advantageous as compared with the analogous known ones. PMID- 1224514 TI - [Diagnosis of early disorders of kidney function in lesions of the pancreato biliary system]. AB - The renal function was investigated in 209 patients with the pancreato-biliary pathology. The investigation was carried out dynamically prior to and after the operation. All patients showed functional changes in the kidneys being aggravated in the postoperative period. The concentration and nitrogen excretion functions, the renal function of electrolyte metabolism and maintenance of the acid-base balance were found to be mostly impaired. These changes proved to be the least pronounced in calculous cholecystitis and mostly pronounced in mechanic jaundice. Recognition of early disorders in the renal function may prevent the development of hepato-renal insufficiency, which is one of the main causes of postoperative mortality in patients with the pancreato-biliary pathology. PMID- 1224515 TI - [Humoral indices of immunologic reactivity in the evaluation of the state of patients with cholecystitis before and after surgery]. AB - As a result of studies of the complement and serum lysozyme titra, as well as its bactericide index in 250 patients with cholecystitis, it was found that inflammatory lesions of the bile outflow system were accompanied with a considerable reduction of humoral indices of natural immunity, the degree of this decrease being dependent on a gravity of the disease clinical course and a duration of the inflammatory process. Prompt normalization of the immune response factors postoperatively indicated the favourable outcome. Persistant inhibition of the humoral factors activity in most patients preceded the development of clinical signs of complications. PMID- 1224516 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous perforation of the subcapsular bile ducts in patients with opisthorchiasis]. AB - Ten cases of spontaneous perforation of subcapsular bile ducts in patients with opisthordiasis are analysed. In 8 of them perforation of the bile duct developed against the background of purulent cholangitis. In addition to opisthordiasis during the operative procedure cancer of the liver was found in 3 patients and cancer of the pancreas - in 1. All these patients were operated upon: suturing of the perforated bile duct wall and cholecystostomy were performed in 6 patients, cholecystomy - in 3, incision of a subhepatic abscess - in 1. Postoperatively 6 patients died, 4 of them having neoplasms. PMID- 1224517 TI - [Diagnosis of retrocecal appendicitis]. AB - Based on the analysis of case reports of 223 patients, operated upon for acute retrocecal appendicitis, there was found a definite dependence between the clinical course and anatomical features of the appendix position. Intramural, intraparietal and retroperitoneal forms of the appendix localization present the extreme dificulty for diagnosis. In free localization of the appendicular process retrocecally a typical clinical picture of the disease is observed. PMID- 1224519 TI - [Planning the surgical treatment of mandibular prognathism]. AB - The method for calculating a required displacement of the mandible posteriorly in surgical treatment of prognathism by the technic of oblique osteotomy of the mandibular branches is suggested. The described technic was successfully employed by the author in 56 patients. The technic concerned would reduce the time of a surgical procedure (up to 50-60 min). The main advantage of the technic is that it completely excluded errors in calculating the displacement of the mandible posteriorly. PMID- 1224518 TI - [Preservation of tendon tissue in hordecin solution]. AB - Rabbit tendinous homografts were preserved in 1% solution of an antibiotichordecin (in vaseline oil) during 30 and 60 days, after that these were used to replace a tendon defect of m. gastrocnemius in rabbits. Morphological observations in dynamics have shown that to the 9th month the homograft would be substituted by a tendon regenerate that carries the entire functional stress on the operated limb. PMID- 1224520 TI - [State of the peripheral circulation-in the postoperative period in children with surgical pathology of the lungs]. AB - The results of studies on the state of the peripheral blood flow in 43 patients with surgical forms of pulmonary pathology are reported. Studies were conducted by means of photopletismography and oscillometry pre-and postoperatively. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 15 years. The investigation was performed before the operation and induction of narcosis (initial data), to the end of the operation and narcosis, during the first 2 days postoperatively, as well as in the next days of the first week after the operation. A high informative value of photopletismography and oscillography in estimating the state of the peripheral blood circulation in these patients has been emphasized. PMID- 1224521 TI - [Choice of surgical approach for embolectomy of an artery of the upper extremity]. AB - According to the authors' observations 236 patients with embolism of major arteries of the upper extremities were treated: conservative therapy-in 43, surgery-in 193. Since 1972 in the clinic a unique access in the ulnar fossa with exposure of the brachial artery bifurcation has beem employed for embolectomy from any artery of the upper extemity. A direct access is used only if the necessity of simultaneous correction of the affection leading to embolism (proximally located aneurysms, jugular ribs) might arise. PMID- 1224522 TI - [Pulmonary complications in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. AB - An analysis of treatment in 49 patients has demonstrated that pulmonary complications aggravate the course of the disease and not infrequently are causes of lethal issues. It is considered that an early removal of the primary purulent focus by means of trephination and transosseous perfusion with antibiotic solutions in an acute stage provides for the prophylaxis of pulmonary complications and reduces the mortality. PMID- 1224523 TI - [Development of the hip joint in children following supra-acetabular osteotomy of the bones of the pelvis in children]. AB - The results of 91 supra-acetabular osteotomies of pelvic bones in children followed up for 6 years is presented. It was found that total anatomical and functional rehabilitation of the coxa was noted only in children who underwent supra-acetabular osteotomy of pelvic bones, associated with detorsion-varisation osteotomy of the femoral bone or antero-exterior tilt of its greater trochanter. Supra-acetabular osteotomy of pelvic bones in small children could result in a premature closure of a U-shaped cartilage, asymmetric growth of the bones and subsequent deformation of the pelvis with its oblique position. PMID- 1224524 TI - [Successful surgical treatment of pylephlebitis in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 1224525 TI - [Rectal wounds penetrating the abdominal cavity in children in a fall onto a stake]. PMID- 1224526 TI - [Severe complicated injury in a child]. PMID- 1224527 TI - [Experience in the treatment of open splintered diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones with a compression-distraction apparatus]. AB - The authors present an analysis of the results of treatment for open comminuted fractures of crural bones in 51 patients, using the method of extrafocal osteosynthesis with Ilizarov, Tkachenko, Dem'yanov, Sivash and Gudushauri apparatuses. The data obtained evidence a possbility to apply compression distraction apparatuses for this category of patients. Principal methodical errors, made while applying these devices, and also postoperative complications are analysed. PMID- 1224528 TI - [Remote results of the treatment of fractures of the distal portion of the bones of the forearm]. AB - Under observation were 309 patients with fractures of the distal portion of the antebrachial bones, in whom 311 fractures were observed (in 2 cases fractures occurred twice for a 9-year period). All these patients were subdivided into two groups: the Ist group comprised 139 patients treated at the in-and outpatient center of general surgery, and in the second group (172) patients were treated at the traumatological in-outpatient center. The results of treatment in both groups are analysed, and some appropriate conclusions are made. PMID- 1224529 TI - [Method of x-ray diagnosis of rupture of the lateral ligament of the knee joint]. PMID- 1224530 TI - [Some peculiarities of the treatment of burns of the lower extremities]. AB - The results of treatment in 323 patients with burns of the lower extremities according to the materials of the CITO Burn Department for a 10-year period are reported. The authors described the method of treatment of circular burns of the lower extremities, based on suspension of the latter by needles stretched between arches, in Ilizarov apparatuses and by gauze bands supporting plaster dressings. The method is simple, convenient and facilitates the management of patients and obviates burn wound compression, prevents fusion of transplanted grafts due to compression and would permit to obtain favourable results of the treatment in the shortest time. PMID- 1224531 TI - The dog as a model for the study of hip dysplasia. Growth, form, and development of the normal and dysplastic hip joint. PMID- 1224532 TI - Investigations on the presence of antibodies to several flaviviruses in humans and some domestic animals in a biotope with a high frequency of migratory birds. AB - Data are reported on the presence of HAI antibodies to several flaviviruses (tick borne encephalitis, West Nile, and Ntaya viruses) in humans and some domestic animals in a biotope with a high frequency of migratory birds. The results obtained prove the presence in humans of specific antibodies in a proportion of 11.8% to tick-borne encephalitis and of 25.5% to West Nile and Ntaya antigens. Among domestic animals it was only possible to detect antibodies to West Nile (4.9% in sheep, 4.1% in cattle, and 12% in goats) and to Ntaya antigens (1.9% in sheep, 1.6% in cattle, 8% in goats, and 13.9% in swine). PMID- 1224533 TI - The influence of smallpox revaccination upon the foetus. AB - Serological, virological, anatomo- and histopathological investigations were performed in pregnant women subjected to smallpox revaccination. Serological findings were normal; no vaccinia virus was isolated from 210 placentae collected upon therapeutical abortion. Anatomopathological investigation of 15 placentae showed various lesions, while the embryo were free from any histopathological changes. The data prove that smallpox immunization does not affect the embryo directly, but only through the placenta. PMID- 1224534 TI - Presence of hepatitis B antigen in the saliva of viral hepatitis patients. AB - The presence of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in the saliva of 14 (43.7%) out of 32 patients with viral hepatitis (VH) and antigenemia was revealed by discontinuous counter-immunoelectrophoresis. HBsAg was found in the saliva of both children and adults, more frequently during the first weeks after the onset of illness. The findings point out the possibility of non-parenteral VH transmission (kissing, sneezing, dishes, toys, etc.). PMID- 1224536 TI - Variations in Coxsackie virus pathogenicity in the course of routine isolations in suckling mice and cell cultures. AB - From 1961 to 1973 416 Coxsackie viruses were isolated, most of the isolations (303) being done in the last 5 years. Most of the isolates belong to a group A, with a predominance of types A6 and A8. Many variations were observed in strains belonging to the same type, as concerns their isolation in human embryo cell cultures and suckling mice; many Coxsackie A5, A6 and A8 strains showed a low pathogenicity for these animals. PMID- 1224535 TI - Investigations on HBs antigen subtypes. PMID- 1224537 TI - [Use of a mathematical model of the evolution of morbidity of various virus diseases for the characterization of the epidemiology of influenza in the People's Republic of Rumania. Note I]. PMID- 1224538 TI - Investigations on the presence of antibodies to several alphaviruses in humans and domestic animals of a region with elevated epidemiological potential. AB - The paper reports on serological results obtained by HAI tests against several alphaviruses - eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), western equine encephalitis (WEE), Chikungunya, Midlebourg, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, and Ilheus viruses - carried out in humans and some domestic animals in a region with an intensive circulation of migratory birds. It was possible to detect in human antibodies to EEE, WEE, and Sindbis viruses, but in very low proportions (1.8%, 0.4%, and 0.6%, respectively). Serological results obtained in animals were practically negative: antibodies to EEE virus were found only in one out of 93 horses investigated. PMID- 1224539 TI - [Principles of the correction of some disturbances of homeostasis in acute intestinal infections in children during 1st year of life]. PMID- 1224540 TI - [Clinical characteristics of Salmonella infection in infants]. PMID- 1224541 TI - [Occult forms of dysentery and rational methods of its treatment in children]. PMID- 1224542 TI - [Pathogenesis of hyperbilirubinemia in viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1224543 TI - [Means of transmission of serum hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1224544 TI - [Further improvement of medical care of pregnant women and and newborns in the RSFSR]. PMID- 1224545 TI - [State of the biliary tract in children during and following Botkin's disease]. PMID- 1224546 TI - [Level of glucuronic acid in the blood and urine of healthy children and in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1224547 TI - [Use of the indirect hemadsorption method for detection of the infection of children with respiratory viruses]. PMID- 1224548 TI - [Humoral immunity in various forms of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 1224549 TI - [Fractional duodenal catheterization with a 2-channel spiral catheter in the diagnosis of cholepathies in children]. PMID- 1224550 TI - [Fatty hepatosis in children]. PMID- 1224551 TI - [Causes of mortality in acute appendicitis in children]. PMID- 1224552 TI - [State of the fetus in pregnant women with clinical manifestations of a preparatory period for labor]. PMID- 1224553 TI - [Valve of intradermal hormone tests in the diagnosis of causes of threatened abortion]. PMID- 1224554 TI - [Lactate acidosis and its influence on the course of pregnancy and labor in women with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 1224555 TI - [Dangers of the use of tetracycline during pregnancy]. PMID- 1224556 TI - [Unusual variant of Hirschsprung's disease in a newborn infant]. PMID- 1224557 TI - [Use of antibacterial therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the biliary system in children]. PMID- 1224558 TI - [Detection and preventive medical examination of children with a heavy history in connection with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1224559 TI - [Clinico-morphological studies in infectious nonspecific (rheumatoid) polyarthritis in children]. PMID- 1224560 TI - [Change of electric activity of the brain in rheumatism]. PMID- 1224561 TI - [Cytopathological analysis of the aggressiveness of circulating autoantibodies in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224562 TI - [Human gastric mucosa under the effect of antirheumatic drugs - aspirin, indomethacin, brufen and prednisolone]. PMID- 1224563 TI - [Determination of electric resistance of blood in patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 1224564 TI - [Certain errors in the conception of the pathogenesis of rheumatism. (On the article by A.M. Monaenkova "New theoretical aspects of the study of the pathogenesis of rheumocarditis", "Voprosy Revmatizma" 1974, no. 1, p.3)]. PMID- 1224565 TI - [Importance of the study of free heparin and basophils in patients with infectious nonspecific polyarthritis]. PMID- 1224566 TI - [Use of salicylic electrophoresis after surgery in patients with rheumatic heart defects]. PMID- 1224567 TI - [Problems of active phase of rheumatism in children with heart defects under modern conditions]. PMID- 1224568 TI - [State of the cerebral vessels in children with chorea minor according to rheoencephalographic data]. PMID- 1224569 TI - [Importance of prostaglandins in maintaining homeostasis]. PMID- 1224570 TI - [Ochronosis with severe arthropathy and internal organ lesions]. AB - Observations upon a rarely met congenital disease is reported, developing symptomless up to the age of 40. The degenerative alterations of the big joints and the spine are of a special interest as well as the changes in urine, ear and nose cartilages, scleras and the skin in the armpits. A relation is supposed between the deposition of homogentisic acid and the functional changes in the vessels, latent diabetes and renal complaints. PMID- 1224571 TI - [Temporary restoration of synchronous electrical cardiac activity in a human being after ventricular fibrillation lasting more than 3 hours]. AB - The authors report the results from a continuous reanimation of a patient, aged 68 with thyrotoxicosis and hypertonic heart and frequent ventricular extrasystoles, in clinical death with ventricular fibrillation. The immediate and well performed measures--external hear massage and respiration with Ambu-kept the patient with manifested signs of reanimation: pupil reactions, rosy skin and muscle resistance for more than 80 minutes. The broad wave character of the ventricular fibrillation was kept during the same period. After that the waves became lower and almost receded after three hours and 20 minutes. Electric defibrillation, due to technical reasons, was carried out after that period. It was followed by a restoration of the electric activity of both ventricle and auricle with the presence of AV block--I stage and more severe changes in repolarization, but the mechanical heart work was not restored and the patient died in asystolia. PMID- 1224572 TI - [Amyloidosis of the heart]. AB - Two necropsic cases with heart amyloidosis in seninle age are described. The peculiarity in the first case is the parallel affect of myocardium and live with the absence of a disease, which might lead to secondary amyloidosis. The high elevated gamma-globulins (44%) in that case give grounds an autoimmune determined primary idiopathic amyloidosis to be presumed. The second case is with isolated senile myocardial amyloidosis. PMID- 1224573 TI - [Rhythmic and conductive disorders in the acute stage of cardiac infarct]. AB - Rhythm and conductive disturbances were established in 170 (63,8%) out of 266 patients with fresh cardiac infarction, in the greatest part with prophylactically applied lidocain i.m. With age advancing a growth in their incidence is established but no statistical difference between the age groups 20 59 and 60-90 was found. Rhythm disturbances are found more frequently in women (81,6%) as compared with the men 58,7%) while the incidence in patients with posterior (62, 5%) and anterior (65, 7%) infarction is the same. Th-disturbances due to electrical instability and failure are more frequent in anterior infarction. Statistical difference (P less than 0,001) was established concerning the rhythm disturbances in patients with heart failure and without it, with a prevalence of sinus tachycardia, auricular fibrillation, ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia and bundle branch block. The timely diagnosis and the treatment with medicaments led to the restoration of sinus rhythml in 79 out of 94 disturbances and with electrical shock in 12 out of 16. Parallelly with the classica netirhythm medicines (chinidine and procainamid), newer ones are used as tachmalin, lidocaine, abta-blockers, sympaticomimetics and temporary intracardial electric stimulation. PMID- 1224574 TI - [Catecholamine myocarditis in pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1224575 TI - [Bundle-branch block depending on the heart rate]. AB - Five patients are reported, admitted to the hospital, with diseases predominantly of the cardio-vascular system. During the electrocardiographic examinations bundle branch block was established, depending on heart rate. It fluctuated within the physiological limits from 50 to 90/min. In three of the patients, the bundle branch block appeared with the quickening of the heart rate (tachycardia depending bundle branch block) and in two of the patients--the bundle branch block appeared during the slowing down of the heart action and disappeared with its quickening (bradicardia-depending bundle branch block). A brief literature review is presented and attention is paid to the possible diagnostic errors and the treatment mode of those patients with cardiac tonic and antiarrhythmic medicaments. PMID- 1224576 TI - [Interdependence between the main hemodynamic indices and alveolar-capillary diffusion in mitral stenosis patients]. AB - The basic hemodynamics indices were studied in 100 patients with mitral stenosis as well as the lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) with its components--membrane component (DM) and blood volume in lung capillaries (VC). Certain correlation dependence between the indicies were studied the correlation coefficients were calculated and the regression lines plotted. The author established that the indices of blood output has a considerably direct correlation with blood component (VC) and with the diffusion capacity (DLCO). A moderately expressed reverse correlation exists between VC and the general peripheral resistance. The circulation times have a moderately manifested reverse mutual dependence with diffusion capacity. It is better manifested with DLCO and DM and decreased with VC. PMID- 1224577 TI - [Thromboembolic complications in rheumatism, atherosclerosis and hypertension]. AB - A total of 1084 deceased with basic diseases atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease an rheumatism have been studied retrospectively for 11 years (1962-1972). Thrombo embolic complications were established in 37,7% the examined. Considerably higher incidence of thrombo-embolic complications were found in rheumatism (44%) and atherosclerosis (43%). Arterial and cardiac thrombosis predominate in those three diseases. Venous thrombosis is relatively rare. Pulmonary thromboembolia, the most frequent cause for the lethal end, is found in 43,71% of the deceased with thromboembolias. The chronic cardiac decompensation is an important additional factor, favouring the thrombo-embolic complications. The rheumatic process activity in theumatism plays a relatively not so important role. PMID- 1224579 TI - [Electrokymographic diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. AB - Thirty six patients with myocardial infarction were examined electrokymographically. The parodoxical movements with diastolic collapse, established in 25 of the patients, might be pointed as important features as well as symptomes that aid the diagnostics, being without a pathognomonic significance -considerable decrease of the curve amplitude without or with parodoxical movements and considerable elongation of the latent time in 8 patient. The electrokymographic curve, though rarely, is more indicative than the electrocardiogram. The electrokymographic method surpasses in every respect the diagnostic potentialities of the kymography. PMID- 1224578 TI - [Changes in the corticosteroids and their alpha-ketol metabolites in the urine of hypertension patients treated with metopirons]. AB - Results from the examinations of 20 hypertonics treated with methtopyron 4.5 g/24 h are presented. The values of S, THS, THF, THE and aldosterone in urine are determined, parallelly with plasma cortisol prior to and post hydroxilase blocker. An elevation of urinary THS and DOK was found, with depressed levels of aldosterone in urine and plasma cortisol. Those four indices permit a considerably precise assessment of involving and notinvolving of the different links of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-suprarenal system and the eventual location of the disturbance. Three of the hypertonics did not elevate THS and DOK in urine after methopyron, in spite of the inhibition of the urinary aldosterone and plasma cortisol. That was admitted to be a manifestation of a disturbance in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal functional reserves which might participate in the development and maintenance of the hypertensive disease. PMID- 1224580 TI - [Complications and mortality in temporary and permanent electrostimulation of the heart]. AB - The author, after performing a brief analysis of the observed patients, treated according to the more important methods of heart electrostimulation and illustrating that in four tables discusses the problem of the complications he had observed. He describes briefly the causes of their presence in the clinical practice and proposes a working classification of the latter. Then, proceeding from his experience and the literature data, he discusses each larger group of complications, presenting percentages that were found in his patients in the course of his long work upon that problem. At the end he draws the attention to the mortality problem, causes and percentage, observed among his patients. As a convinience for the clinical practice he subdividies mortality into early and late and presents his good reason for the problem. PMID- 1224581 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the destructive and reparative changes in tuberculosis in those dying of nontubercular diseases]. AB - The evolution of destructive and restorative alterations was morphologically followed up in 82 tuberculotics that died of non-tiberculous diseases. In the majority of the deceased, the restorative alterations were observed with manifested mesenchymal and immunologic reactions with morphological peculiarities as in the treated with anti tuberculous remedies. The destructive alteration are clearly manifested and the restorative manifestations are depressed in tuberculotics with non-treated diabetes and osteomyelitis treated with cortison. In a negligible part of the patients died of non-tuberculous diseases, a reactivation of the foci developed around the fibrocaseous lung foci, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, kidneys and suprarenals, manifested with filamented neutrophyils in the calcified and caseous matter, fresh necrosis, tubercula, specific granular tissue, friable capsule with appearance of lymphoid cells and specific granular tissue. PMID- 1224582 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the gastric juice in some stomach and duodenal diseases]. AB - IgA, IgM and IgC content in blood serum and gastric juice were determined in 89 patients with different gastric and duodenal diseases (57 with duodenal ulcers, 13 with gastric ulcers 8 with chronic atrophic gastritis, 9 with superficial chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis and two with gastric cancer). Immunoglobulin was established in gastric juice (over 0,3 mg/100 ml) in 49 per cent of all the patients examined with gastric and duodenal diseases. No correlation was found between serum immunoglobulin level and their presence in the gastric juice. No correlation exists between the volume of the basal secretion and the presence or absence of immunoglobulins in the gastric juice. Immunoglobulins were established more often in the gastric juice with lower secretion of hydrochloric acid (in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer), while in cases of higher secretion they are more frequently absent. A certain parallelism was established between the changes of hydrochloric acid output and JgA secretion in the gastric juice after stimulation of gastric secretion by Pentagastrin or histamine. PMID- 1224583 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of gastrocolic fistulae and erroneous anastomoses following gastric resection]. AB - Results are reported of a clinical examination and surgical treatment of seven cases with gastro-jejunocolic fistulas and five cases with gastroileoanastomosis. The clinical picture, irrigography, steatorrhea, hypoproteinemia, etc. are stressed upon as important for the diagnosis. The operation result depended on the degree of the resorbtive disturbances, on successful reanimation and frequent postoperative complications. Postoperative lethality is five out of 12 cases. PMID- 1224585 TI - [Some problems in rheumatic valvular defects]. AB - The post-mortem examined rheumatic valvular diseases are confronted for the period 1961-1967 and 1968-1973. Advanced age with one decade is established in the deceased during the second period, as well as increased per cent of thromboembolic complications and chronic cardiac insufficiency and decreased per cent of rheumatic activity. A considerable per cent of rheumatic activity is observed in the deceased during the fourth and fifth decade. No difference concerning sex and valvular lesions are established in both groups. PMID- 1224584 TI - [Stimulation of adrenocortical secretion in healthy persons with hypoglycemia provoked by insulin]. AB - Results are reported from the carried out test for adrenocortical secretion stimulation with hypoglycemia, provoked by insulin in 63 healthy individuals. Plasma cortisol elevates to 37,4 mkg from the average initial levels 16,1 mkg/100 ml. The elevation is with 21,3 mkg/100 ml. The indices for the negative (abnormal) hormonal response are derived--when the elevation is under 5,4 mkg and the plasma cortisol level after stimulation with insulin remains under 19,7 mkg/100 ml. The clinical application of ITT is discussed. PMID- 1224586 TI - [2 cases of the encephalitic form of tuberculous meningitis]. AB - Two cases of tubercular meningitis, with a course under the form of severe acute encephalitis are discussed. The significance of those forms are emphasized, especially from diagnostic point of view, and the importance of the paraclinical investigations are stressed upon as well as the epidemiological data for the diagnosis. PMID- 1224587 TI - [Heart lesion in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 1224588 TI - [Early postinfarction syndrome occurring with paresis of the N. recurrens]. AB - The authors describe, in the paper, an early developed post infarction syndrome in a patient of 32, with extensive anterior infarction, preceeded by one year period of not typical coronary insufficiency, manifested by a dramatic picture-- with rhythm and conduction disturbances and combined with paresis of the recurrent nerve, fading parallelly with post infarction syndrome. PMID- 1224589 TI - [Changes in arterial pressure in peptic ulcer following balneological treatment at Khisar]. PMID- 1224590 TI - [Our experience in using temporary and permanent electric stimulation in conduction disorders]. AB - The results from the observation of 49 patients with complete and incomplete AV block are reported, 33 of them with attacks of MAC syndrome; asystolia 25, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation--8. Temporary electric stimulation is carried out in 31 patients (21 with chronic complete AV block and 10 with incomplete and complete with recent cardiac infarction). In all patients with chronic AV block but one, implantation of a permanent artificial rhythm nuide was necessary. The prognosis of the patients with implanted permanent stimulator is determined by the myocardial state, out of six patients with cardiac insufficiency -- three died in a period of 1 to 12 months. Recommendations are presented for active finding out and dispensary control of patients with conduction disturbances and wider application of temporary electric stimulation in the intensive care and treatment units. PMID- 1224591 TI - [Inverse dynamics in atrioventricular conduction in rheumatic myocarditis]. AB - ECG changes in 1000 patients were studied, 950 with rheumatic disease attack and 150 controls with other diseases. The phenomenon of increase dynamics in AV conduction is established in 67% of ECG in the group of rheumatic patients with attacks, characterizied by inverse non-physiological correlations between heart frequency and atrioventricular conduction. With heart frequency acceleration--AV conduction time (PQ) is lengthened and vice versa--in slowing down of heart frequency--the conduction time PQ is shortened. In the control groups its frequency ranges between 3 to 8%. In healthy individuals and vegetoneurosis it can be isolated met. That inverse dynamics of AV conduction marks the pathophysiological and electrophysiological changes in myocardium in rheumatism and is of high diagnostic value. PMID- 1224592 TI - [Comparative electro- and vectorcardiographic study of patients with systolic overloading in the left ventricle]. AB - The potentialities of the two methods for hemodynamic disturbance degree assessment are studied in 80 patients with arterial hypertension (16-first stage, 59-second and 5-third). Five electrocardiographic and five vectorcardiographic indices are confronted to the systolic pressure in brachial artery. The electrocardiographic indices sensitivity is in the range of 25 to 62% and the sensitivity of vectorcardiographic-from 14 to 50%. The correlation dependence level of the same indices (in 30 patients) is from 0, 37 to 0, 52 for ECG and from 0, 11 to 0, 60 for VCG. Statistically significant differences of the "diagnostic" potentialities of both methods were not established as well. PMID- 1224593 TI - [Changes in the alkaline-acid status and some plasma electrolytes in chronic hemodialysis patients]. AB - Prior to and post hemodialysis, a determination of plasma potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and the indices of acid-base state is performed in 16 patients with chronic terminal renal insufficiency, with 560 hemodialyses, applied once or twice a week with deionized water and dialysis solution with 1, 5 mEq/1 potassium. Considerable hypopotassemia was established after hemodialysis- 3, 3 mEq/1 and in 35% of the cases--hypopotassemia under 3.0 mEq/1. Metabolite alkalosis was established after dialysis: elevated pH in blood from 7,353 to 7,491; standard bicarbonates--from 21, 2 to 29, 1 m Eq/1; basis-excess: from (-3, 78) to (+5, 26) mEq/1; buffer bases: from 41, 3 to 51, 0 Eq/1, normalization of the elevated phosphorus in plasma from 7, 4 mg% to 4, 6 mg%. No significant changes in plasma sodium and potassium, as well as pCO2 were established after hemodialysis. PMID- 1224594 TI - [Place of serum cholinesterase in the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases]. AB - Serum cholinesterase activity (ChE) was studied in 84 patients with chronic liver diseases (cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, chronic cholecystocholangiohepatitis, hepatolenticular degeneration). Most pronounced alterations were found in cirrhosis. Significant difference is not established between cardiac and "noncardiac" cirrhosis but is well established between decompensated and compensated cirrhosis. As a rule ChE is normal in chronic hepatitis and cholecystocholangio-hepatitis. The values in agressive and persisting hepatitis do not differ significantly. Essential correlation of ChE with serum albumins is established. The diagnostic ChE value is confronted with that of the routine laboratory indices. Critical values are established (1500 ME, 1100 ME resp) that may be helpful in the differentiation of cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis, compensated from decompensated cirrhosis resp. PMID- 1224595 TI - [Correlation between the diffusion capacity of the lungs and certain ventilation indices in mitral stenosis]. AB - A study is performed on the correlation relationship between diffusion lung capacity (DLCO) and its components (DM and VC) and the ventilatory indices, VC, FEV1 and FEV 1% VC in 100 patients with mitral stenosis. The determined correlation coefficients and the constructed regression lines show that DLCO and DM have a considerable direct reciprocal relationship with VC and FEVI. The correlation dependence of blood component (VC) with VC, FEV1 and FEV1%VC is low. The close reciprocal relationship of DL CO and DM with VC and FEVI reveals that in patients with mitral stenosis one can judge, to a certain extent, about the severness of the disturbance in the alveolo-capillary diffusion. PMID- 1224596 TI - [Some characteristics of respiratory insufficiency in bronchial asthma and its dependence on certain ventilation indices]. PMID- 1224597 TI - [Thrombagglutination test (TAT) in hyper- and hypocoagulation]. AB - Breddin thrombagglutination test is followed up in patients with hypercoagulation states--atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic myocardiodysthrophia, angina pectoris gravis and acute myocardial infarction and hypocoagulation states--esential and symptomatic thrombopenia. TAT is positive in 88% of the patients with atherosclerosis and in patients with angina pectoris gravis and myocardial infarction TAT is Vth stage in 100%. TAT is zero stage in 91% in patients with thrombopenia and only in 9%-I stage. The term "zero stage" is introduced. PMID- 1224598 TI - [Origin of rectosigmoid cancer from precancerous processes]. AB - Three hundred sixty two patients with rectosigmoid cancer are examined by rectoromanoscopy and biopsy in order to establish those of them with manifestations of a proceeding precancer process. Cancer, originated on the base of single polypus was established in 50,94 per cent and 7,54 per cent in relation with preceeding generalized polyposis, in 30,19 per cent malignant villose tumor is concerned, in 4,71 per cent -- cancer, originated on the base of preceeding ulcerohemorrhagic proctocolitis and in only 1,91 per cent -- malignant chronic fibrosclerosed hemorrohoids. Precancer process is established in 29,29 per cent in all of the examined 362 patients with rectosigmoid cancer and in 70,71 per cent of the cases no manifestations of preceeding precancer disease was established, i.e. the malignancy ratio with established precancerosis towards malignancy without established precancerosis is approximately 1 : 2,5. That fact requires acute attention in all cases with established precancerosis of the terminal segment of large intestine, treatment without delay and dispensary control. PMID- 1224599 TI - [Changes in blood coagulation in diabetic nephropathy]. AB - Investigations on certain hemocoagulation indices are carried out of 52 diabetics, 32 of them with diabetic nephropathy. The following indices were determined: thrombocyte numer, thrombocyte adhesion and aggregation, recalcification and heparinrecalcification time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and prothrombin time, coagulation retraction and thrombelastography. Data for increased blood coagulation are established in diabetics and especially in the presence of nephropathy. Most manifested are the changes in thrombocyte adhesion, in PTT, recalcification and heparin-recalcification time. Changes in thrombelastogram and the rest of the indices are less manifested. In patients with more advanced forms of nephropathy--the increased hemocoagulation is more pronounced. The changes described are considered non diabetes specific and are associated with the accompanying atherosclerosis. Those changes might indicate inclusion of anticoagulants and antiaggregating medicines in the therapeutic program of patients with diabetic nephropathy with the respective indications. PMID- 1224600 TI - [Clinical importance of macroscopic hematuria]. AB - The authors established macroscopic hematuria in 13,8 per cent of the examined 1618 renal patients. It is most often met in patients with chronic calculus pyelonephritis and nephrolithiasis (45,2%). In 9,0 per cent of the patients with chronic glomeruloneshrihs and in 14,9 per cent of those with acute glomerulonephritis the painless macroscopic hematuria is the initial clinical manifestation of the disease. The latter is a frequent symptom (40,6%) in patients with congenital kidney anomalies. In 5,8 per cent of the patients with macroscopic hematuria -- the reason is not elucidated. PMID- 1224601 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the excretory system and their relationship to endemic nephropathy]. AB - The author has studied the congenital anomalies of the urogenital system according to the clinical data of the Nephrology Ward, District Hospital--Vratza, by means of urography, ascending pyelography and reno-vasography. A total of 1960 patients were examined and congenital anomalies of the urogenital system established in 167 (8, 5%). Congenital anomalies of the excretory system, according to the author, are more often met in females (59, 9%) as compated with males (40, 1%) and in left kidney (58, 6%) as compared with the right one (35, 9%). At the same time, the most frequent complication of renal embryopathies was established to be the inflammation process of urinary ducts and kidneys (41, 9%) urinary-calculus disease (19.1%) and endemic nephropathy (8, 9%). The combination of endemic nephropathy and congenital anomalies of the urogenital system is rare (1, 1%) and most likely by chance. The author admits that endemic nephropathy most probably is not causality with the congenital anomalies of the excretory system. PMID- 1224602 TI - [Quantitative prognosis in acute myocardial infarct; the efficiency of the Peel index and its modificantion with 398 patients]. AB - Making use of "coronary prognostic index" of Peel and its modifications, a retrospective assessment is performed on the state of 398 patients with acute myocardial infarction with a mark, equal to the sum of marks of the signs of the initial myocardial period, allowing the prediction of the lethal end in the first 28 days of the onset of the disease. The predicted lethality for the corresponding mark intervals was established to be close to the real and that both systems show similar real lethality for the separate mark intervals. Modified Peel system proved more effective: it provides an average of 0,015 bits more information for the disease outcome than the analogic system of Peel. Peel index and its modification are insufficiently complex but easily accessible and sufficiently provable as to be used in every day practice in order to differentiate the patients with poor prognosis and take better care of. PMID- 1224603 TI - [Studies of the antistreptolysin titer in patients with acute pneumonic processes]. AB - Antistreptolysin O level in blood serum is determined in double tests in 164 patients, 116 out of them with acute pneumonic processes. Antistreptolysin titre was established to be over 300 ASE in about 1/5 of the patients with acute focal pneumonias. In 10,4 per cent of the cases with acute pneumonic processes, an ascending dynamics of antistreptolysin O titre is observed in the course of the treatment and in 2,6 per cent the titre elevation is three and fourfold. In the interpretation of the data of the antistreptolysin titres in patients with acute focal pneumonia the possibility of oculte streptoccocal infection with another localization must not be neglected as well as pathological processes in liver parenchyma, leading to non-specific titre elevation. PMID- 1224604 TI - [Aortic arteritis with a predominant lesion of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 1224605 TI - [Aortic arteritis with renal lesions]. PMID- 1224606 TI - [Complex staged treatment and rehabilitation in hypertension under seashore conditions during the cool months]. PMID- 1224607 TI - [Results of the rehabilitation of hypertension patients through swimming in an enclosed pool under sanatorium conditions]. PMID- 1224608 TI - [Studies of the normal tonometric values of the right branches of the cardiovascular system in young people]. AB - The data from right cardiac catheterization 68 youths (aged 18--22) with murmurs of functional nature are used. Through the methods of oxihemometry, tonometry and intracardial phonocardiography the possibility of clinically supposed heart defect-congenital or acquired--is excluded. Based on statistical processing, the author proposes norms for the pressure in right auricle, right ventricle, pulmonary artery and pulmonary arterioles. PMID- 1224609 TI - [Anemias in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1224610 TI - [Complement-binding reaction with the Toxoplasma antigen in acute focal pneumonia]. PMID- 1224612 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of fibroesophagoscopy and target biopsy of the esophagus]. AB - The results from the 195 performed fibroesophagoscopies and 114 purposeful biopsies in different esophgus diseases are reported. In 65 of the examined -- cancer of the esophagus or cardia ventriculi was establised. The rest 122 patients are with non-malignant disease -- ulcers, polyps, diverticulums, varices, strictures, esophagitis, cardiospasm, etc. Cancer of esophagus and cardia ventriculi is proved in 93.93 per cent on the base of endoscopic data while another diagnosis was given in 29.30 per cent at the X-ray examinations of the same patients and at the clinical examinations of the patients in 40.1 per cent -- diagnostic errors were made. The purposeful biopsy gives 70.58 per cent of positive results and enables the differentiation of the tumor histological characterisitics. PMID- 1224611 TI - [Insulin hypoglycemia, a functional test of the state of the hypothalamo hypophyseo-adrenal system in obesity]. AB - By provoking insulin hypoglycemia (activating the hypothalamus action) and by following-up of the subsequent cortisole response in plasma, the authors study the functional state of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-suprarenal system in 18 patients with obesity, fourteen of them with regulative type, three -- with metabolic and one -- with hypogonadial type. The cortisole response proved to be within the normal limits in the patients with metabolic and hypogonadial obesity type. the insulin test shows pathological deviations in six, out of all 14 patients with regulative type of obesity. In those cases the cortisole response is low, its curve is with a plateau-like progress and represents a reliable index for a lesion in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal region. The normal test does not speak against the existence of similar lesions. In the presentce of other clinical and paraclinical data for hypothalamic-hypophyseal damage, the normal hypoglycemic test shows that the functional link between hypothalamus-hypophysis suprarenals is still preserved and in that sence it also aids the determination of the lesion degree and is of diagnostic value. Based on their experience, the authors recommend a wider application in the clinical practice of insulin hypoglycemic test. PMID- 1224613 TI - [Onset of the disease process in endemic nephropathy]. AB - Patients with endemic nephropathy family aggravation are described, that had left their native endemic villages at the age of 6 months to 6 years and had lived in non-endemic settlements and in spite of that suffered and died of endemic nephropathy. The diagnosis, of all of themt is pathologoanatomically and histomorphologically confirmed. It is concluded that a long time sojourn in the endemic region is not necessary for those born there with endemic nephropathy family aggravation, in order to suffer of the same disease even in the new residence. The author admits, based on those data, that the beginning of the pathological process of endemic nephropathy is during the first infant years, so that the children of sick patients would be the best objects for investigation of the endemic nephropathy initial stage. PMID- 1224614 TI - [Study of the distribution of kidney calculi in Vrastsa District]. AB - The authors have studied the RCD spread in Vratza district according to the material of the therapeutic departments in the district for the period 1969--1973 and according to the material of the out-patient department -- polyclinical--1971 -1973. During that period 16,294 patients with diseases of the urinary system were registered, 6311 out of them with RCD, i. e. 38.7 per cent. The region of Mezdra was established to be the highest affected by RCD in the district (60,8%), followed by Belaslatina region (43.4%), Vratza (40%), Kneza (37.9%) and Orejahovo the last--(22.4%). Females were established to suffer more frequently (56.7%) as compared with males (43.3%) and the peasants 51.8%) insignificantly more often in comparison with the the townsmen (48.7%). All ages are affected by the disease but most frequently the individuals aged 31--50 (49.5%). Workers (36.4%) are those that most frquently suffer of RCD in the district of Vratza, followed by employees (23.4%), cooperative farmers (21.6%), etc. The authors have established that renal calculosis affects most frequently the right kidney (56.6%) as compared with the left (40.4%) and very rarely both kidneys (2.94). PMID- 1224615 TI - [Macleod's syndrome combined with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 1224616 TI - [Carbohydrate tolerance, serum insulin and triglycerides in coronary disease]. AB - The authors set up the task to study the changes in blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin and triglycerides in patients with manifested coronary disease during an oral glucoso-tolerance test in the course of three hours. They examined 32 patients with coronary disease and 19 control subjects, similar in age and body weight, divided into three subgroups: with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), suspiciously-pathological glucose tolerance (SPGT) and pathological glucose tolerance (PGT). They are led by age conformed criteria in the assessment of the blood sugar curves obtained. For a better idea about the insulin response volume, provoked by glucose loading, they compare the sums of the insulinemic values and "insulinogenic index", among the control subjects and the patients examined. The study of the carbohydrate tolerance of the patients examined, show that manifested or suspiciously pathological deviations in carbohydrate metabolism were found in almost 60% of them. Insulinemia during the glucose loading was found to be higher than that of the control subjects, maximal point appearing later and restoration to initial values delayed. The highest absolute insulin values and increased volume of insulin secretion were established in the patients with NGT and the lowest--in patients with PGT. The highest insulinogenic index is in NGT patients and is with about 50% higher than that of the control subjects while in patients with PGT it is quite the reverse, i. e.--glucose tolerance deteriorated parallelly with the reducing of insulin response to glucose stimulus or, in other words--normal glucose tolerance in patients maintained by the increased insulin production. The correlation of blood sugar and insulinemic curves with those of triglyceridemia reveals that with blood sugar elevation and insulinemia during glucose loading--triglyceride level rapidly elevates--i.e. a positive correlation was found among blood sugar, insulinemia and triglyceridemia where triglyceridemia correlates with hyperinsulinemia more intimately than with glycemia. Basing on the data obtained and the general theoretical conditons--the problem of pathogenetic commonness (at least in certain relations) between atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes mellitus is discussed. A practical conclusion is drawn that the establishment of increased serum triglycerides and hyperinsulinism in pathological and even in still normal carbohydrate tolerance in one subject may play the role of an important diagnostic test, speaking of the possible development or for the presence of already manifested atherosclerosis. PMID- 1224617 TI - [Kidney morbidity in Smolyan District based on out-patient-polyclinical network data for the period 1967-1973]. AB - The renal morbidity data in Smoljan district for seven years (1967-1973) are analyzed according to the documentation of the out-patient links. Internal diseases with a total number of 229 704 are covered, 17 261 out of them being diseases of the kidneys. Increased renal morbity was established. The highest increase found is for the urolithiasis group. With respect to appropriate prophylactic measures, the necessity of complex investigations on the causes of the high urolithiasis percentage is stressed upon. PMID- 1224618 TI - [Changes in the large intestine after cholecystectomy]. AB - Aiming at the establishment of the type and incidence of morphological and tonometric large intestine changes post cholecystectomy--64 patients were examined, 36 aged up to 50 and 28 over 50 by means of rectoromanoscopy, transrectoscopic biopsy, X-ray examination (passage and irigoscopy), balloon signography and anal tonometry. Morphological changes--catarrhal type (34.38%) were established to originate often in large intestine post cholecystectomy. Tonometric changes were observed in 56.25%. They are: hypertonic hypokinesia (45.32%) and hyperkinesia (10.93%). All patients with morphological changes are also and with tonometric disturbances. Ergo, 21.87% of the patients are with tonometric disturbances without pathomorphological changes. In the correlation of the morphological with tonometric changes, the catarrhal changes with hypertonic hypokinesia were established to be the most frequently met morbid combination and considerably more rarely--"catarrhal changes with hyperkinesia". Normotonia and normokinesia are most often found in cases with normal mucosa and considerably less rarely--hypertonic hypokinesia. The morphological as well as the tonometric changes are more frequent with age advancing of the patients and the growth of the time post cholecystectomy. Subjective complaints are reported from 56.25% of the patients. The most frequently met are feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, more rarely meteorism and rumble of the intestines and most rarely--pains along the large intestine. Objectively pain findings in the physical examination of abdomen and large intestines are established in 56.25% of the patients. Meteorism is most frequently established and relatively more rarely spastic large intestine and pain with its palpation (almost with equal frequency). Defecation is normal in 29.69% of the patients. The rest complain more often of diarrhea (45.32%) and more rarely of constipation (25%). PMID- 1224619 TI - [Histomorphology of the microcirculation of the skin in physiological and pathological processes]. AB - On the base of skin histomorphological investigations of 985 deceased with different diseases age morphological pecularities in microcirculation were concluded to exist as well as changes depending on the duration and character of the pathological process. The involvement of a great number of vessels is an index for increased functional microcirculation requirements. The microcirculation character cannot be defined only by the morphological pecularities of single capillaries, by quantitative and qualitative changes in them. The capillary changes relfect only part of the microcirculation changes. All microcirculation peculiarities cannot be deciphered by the histomorphological method of the investigation but that method supplies valuable data that cannot be obtained by the other investigation methods. Three stages of changes in microcirculation are specified, being morphologically characterized. The changes in the microcirculation of the nail mantle skin are non-specific, functional, organic, reversible, non-reversible and usually compensated. PMID- 1224620 TI - [Diagnostic value of the electrocardiographic changes during bicycle ergometer loading]. AB - The diagnostic value of ST-T changes in working ECG on veloergometer with submaximal loading is assessed in 286 cases--83 with coronary disease, 44- healthy, 112 with indistinct precordial pains and neurovegetative dystonia and 46 with some other non-coronary heart diseases. The reduction of ST-segment 1 mm with horizontal or descending form is the most accurate criterium in the differentiation of pathological and normal ECG-reactions. An appropriate criterium for coronary disease diagnosis is also the negative T wave with an amplitude of 2 mm or more in at least three leads, regardless of its form and time of appearance. The reduction of ST segment with ascending form gives a considerable opportunity for positive false diagnosis. The false negative diagnosis is 24%. The causes are to be found in the appearance of rhythm and lead disturbances and insufficient loading. PMID- 1224621 TI - [Subacute thyroiditis]. AB - Six cases with subacute thyroiditis of De-Kerven are discussed, considered as a relatively rare disease. The clinical manifestations are analyzed as well as the diagnostic tests, evolution and treatment and the etiological factors, leading to its origination. An opinion is expressed that the disease is not so rare as considered so far. PMID- 1224622 TI - [Thyroid antibodies in juvenile struma]. PMID- 1224623 TI - [Prognostic value of SGOT, LDH and LDH1 activity in myocardial infarct]. AB - The authors follow up SGOt, LDH and LDH1 enzyme activity in 102 patients with first transmural myocardial infarction. The results confirm the considerable diagnostic value of that enzyme spectrum and its significance for the prognostic assessment of the state of such patients. The high values of SGOT and primarily of LDH and LDH1, their persistence during the acute period of myocardial infarction correlate with the percentage of the patients with severe progress of the disease and high lethality. Prognostically unfavourable are especially the values over 800 mU/ml for LDH and 80% for LDH1. In 56.2% of the decreased LDH was over 800 mU/ml and in 70% of the decreased--80% LDH1 enzyme activity was found. PMID- 1224624 TI - [Observation of a male patient with the empty sella turcica syndrome]. AB - One case with secondary developed syndrome of sell turcica is described, after hypophysis radiation on the occasion of acromegaly. Of special interest is the preserved tropic hypophysis secretion with a clinical picture of hypopituitarism (secondary developed hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and hypocorticism) as well as the combination with another brain neoplasm--astrocytoma. PMID- 1224625 TI - [Case of the homozygous form of OArab hemoglobinopathy]. PMID- 1224626 TI - Troubled children. PMID- 1224627 TI - Epidemiology of cancer of the uterine cervix in Jamaica. PMID- 1224628 TI - Single dose treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis with tinidazole (Fasigyn). PMID- 1224629 TI - Clinical aspects of defective luteal phase and its treatment with cyclofenil. PMID- 1224630 TI - Laboratory investigations on four cases of leptospiral meningitis in Jamaica. PMID- 1224631 TI - Counteraction of glucocorticoid--induced hyperglycaemia by hypoglycin. PMID- 1224632 TI - Trends in Caribbean psychiatry part I: the problems. PMID- 1224633 TI - [The action of insulin on ribonucleic acid metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - The incorporation of 3H-uridine into liver ribosomes is reduced in alloxan diabetic rats. This reduction affects mRNA as well as rRNA. Insulin-substitution therapy of diabetic animals restores to normal the incorporation rates of uridine into both mRNA and rRNA. There is a manifest connection between the known reduction of polyribosomes in diabetes mellitus and reduced synthesis of mRNA; moreover, a connection to the reduced production of rRNA seems also to be possible. PMID- 1224634 TI - [Follow-up study of patients implanted with a pulse width controlled pacemaker (author's transl)]. AB - The output of a pacemaker system can be adapted to the individual need of the patient by means of a pulse width controlled pacemaker. The achievement of an optimum pacemaker impulse reduces the energy drain, therby allowing a prolongation of adequate functioning of the implanted pacemaker for up to 5 years. Follow-up studies demonstrate the reliability of a pulse width controlled system. The energy drain, measured in microcoulombs, is lower in all patients implanted with impulse width controlled pacer system as compared with output controlled pacer system. PMID- 1224635 TI - [Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in pleural effusions (author's transl)]. AB - By separation of alkaline phosphatase into isoenzymes, an isoenzyme fraction corresponding to the intestinal isoenzyme was isolated in a case of chylothorax. Since this fraction is transported from the intestine through the thoracic duct, the appearance of this fraction in a pleural effusion is typical of chylothorax. PMID- 1224636 TI - Further studies on effects of some local anesthetics on calcium binding to lipid extracted RBC membrane fragments--effect of modification of carboxyl group with carbodiimide. PMID- 1224637 TI - The in vitro maturation of the mouse oocyte. PMID- 1224638 TI - A simulation of the oxygen profile in the Han River. PMID- 1224639 TI - Unruptured cornual pregnancy--a case report. PMID- 1224640 TI - Neisseria subflava infections--bacteriological aspects of two cases. PMID- 1224641 TI - The health post project: an approach to improve health care delivery at the grass roots in rural Korea. PMID- 1224642 TI - Localization of placenta in scanning by In113m radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 1224643 TI - [The gastroenterology practice]. PMID- 1224644 TI - [Studies on the effects of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) on bile and pancreatic juice secretion in man]. PMID- 1224645 TI - [Significance of exertion blood pressure on the physical capacity evaluation in rehabilitation cardiology]. PMID- 1224646 TI - [Gastric indications for Gatsrocaps with an experience report]. PMID- 1224647 TI - [Management of dyspepsia using herbs]. PMID- 1224648 TI - [The use of female sex hormones in practice]. PMID- 1224649 TI - [Practical problems in the diagnosis and therapy of leukorrhea]. PMID- 1224650 TI - [Are the physicians of France big earners?]. PMID- 1224651 TI - [Therapeutic results using Hepsan in liver-damaged tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 1224652 TI - [Management of venous diseases using Flavan]. PMID- 1224653 TI - [Caution with drugs at the steering wheel. A pharmaceutical society discusses a current topic]. PMID- 1224655 TI - [Biophysical aspects of aging]. PMID- 1224654 TI - [Enzyme adaptation and blood lipid level under various nutritional conditions dependent of age]. PMID- 1224656 TI - [Correlation between median heart rate and survival of various organsims]. PMID- 1224657 TI - [The value of adaptation for the growth processes of the heart]. PMID- 1224658 TI - [The effect of adaptation to anoxia on the wound healing processes in the heart. (Experimental autoradiographic studies)]. PMID- 1224659 TI - [The 1st year of the continuing education is often decisive]. PMID- 1224660 TI - [Disability to work in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1224661 TI - [Theory and practice of spray-disinfection]. PMID- 1224662 TI - [Biology of callus development]. PMID- 1224663 TI - [Result of radical surgery of rectal carcinoma from the view point of a district hospital]. PMID- 1224664 TI - [Radiotherapy of benign diseases. 6: Indications for irradiation in eye diseases]. PMID- 1224665 TI - [Moist antiseptic treatment of wounds using Cidegol]. PMID- 1224666 TI - [Therapeutic results in collum carcinomas from 1958 to 1967 in the area of a district hospital]. PMID- 1224667 TI - [Pharmacology and clinical aspects of dimethylsulfoxide (Damul)]. PMID- 1224668 TI - [Age of menopause in the region of Annaberg]. PMID- 1224669 TI - [Development of ambulatory, speciality-directed, specific diagnostic documentation]. PMID- 1224670 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of virus-induced respiratory tract diseases. 4. Clinical aspects and therapy of virus-induced respiratory tract infections as well as the developmental aspects of antiviral therapy]. PMID- 1224671 TI - [Early complications and mortality of craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 1224672 TI - [Treatment results of achalasia with special reference to recurrences]. PMID- 1224673 TI - [Hazards of infiltration- and induction anesthesia in the nasal and paranasal sinus region]. PMID- 1224674 TI - [Incidence of neurotic disorders in a Kneippsanatorium and resulting consequences]. PMID- 1224676 TI - [Endocarditis in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1224675 TI - [Esophagoscopy]. PMID- 1224677 TI - [Functional disorders of the hip joint and their treatment]. PMID- 1224678 TI - [Concept of functional capacity in disability evaluation]. PMID- 1224679 TI - [Proposal for a general, specialty-directed, diagnostic documentation for the ambulatory-active ophthalmologist]. PMID- 1224680 TI - [Some considerations on clear cell tumors, especially in the lungs (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of 4 cases seen by the author and comparative reports in the literature the following observations were made: 1. Clear cell tumors of the lungs must be considered as semimalignant (or malignana). 2. Malignant degeneration may be associated with a loss of the clear cell character. 3. Clear cell areas are not infrequently seen in common pulmonary carcinomas. 4. Histological differentiation between primary clear cell tumors and metastases (e.g., metastatic hypernephroma) may not be possible. In addition, some general observations on extrapulmonary clear cell tumors will be discussed. PMID- 1224681 TI - [Analysis of middle lobe-resections of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper investigates the reasons for 26 resections carried out the diagnosis of the so-called "Middle-lobe-syndrome". In 25 of them the diagnosis could be confirmed by postoperative pathological examinations. The term "Middle lobe-syndrome" means only a roentgenological findings. Its etiology must be investigated as soon as possible with all diagnostic procedures and too, by operation. This is expecially urgent in men older than 40 years. PMID- 1224682 TI - [The clinical significance of abnormalities of bronchial anatomy (author's transl)]. AB - Abnormalities of the bronchi were found in 0.7-1.4% in patients examined by bronchoscopy or thoracotomy. In most cases there are no clinical symptoms. Anatomical abnormalities of the bronchi are the favoured localization for deformities, chronic inflammations and bronchial neoplasms. The altered topography must be considered if surgery is necessary. Case studies of 12 patients, 1 with bronchus trachealis, 7 with deformities of the lobus superior and 4 of the lobus inferior were analyzed and selected cases are described. PMID- 1224683 TI - [Inhalations with L-arginine in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - 12 patients were treated with L-arginine hydrochloride 1-3 times per day for a period of 4 till 8 weeks. All children had been in control in our hospital longer than one-year. The patients received beside administration of digestant enzymes and vibration massages, inhalations with N-acetylcystein (Mucosolvin). The frequency of the daily inhalations was not changed. We compared the results of clinical, x-rays scintigraphic and laboratory investigations during the period of N-acetylcysteine treatment and after the administration of L-arginine. The mucolytic effect by L-arginine is much less than by N-acetylcystein. PMID- 1224684 TI - [Transbronchial puncture and instillation of contrast medium for the radiographic visualization of a mediastinal cyst (author's transl)]. AB - A new method for preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal cysts is described. A transbronchial puncture of a mediastinal cystic tumor was performed in one patient with a mediastinal enlargement and stenosis of the right main bronchus. Afer aspiration of fluid material a water-soluble contrast medium was instilled under fluoroscopic control via a normal biopsy needle. Summarizing their experiences the indications for this new technique is discussed. PMID- 1224685 TI - [WHO-Expert Committe on Tuberculosis, Ninth Report. Technical Report Series No. 552; WHO, Geneva, 1974 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224686 TI - [Morphological changes in experimental lipid pneumonia (author's transl)]. AB - Male rats showed 6 and 8 weeks after aerosol application of mineral oil and interstitial pneumonia, histiocytic foreign body reaction with foam cells and a focal emphysema. Relations to the correspondent human disease are shortly discussed. PMID- 1224687 TI - [Combined mass X-ray examinations of the respiratory tract (author's transl)]. AB - 2908 persons were investigated by mass chest x-ray combined with mass x-ray of the paranasal sinuses to find respiratory tract diseases. In 412 persons a sinusitis was diagnosed. 212 persons had a positive history, that is headache, cough and/or bronchial secretions, the other 200 persons had a negative history. 91 persons with a negative history and 21 persons with apositive history showed spontaneous remissions. The results of the bacteriological tests and antibiogramms corresponded with the preceding reports. In the investigated population groups a high percentage of new undetected cases of sinusitis was found one year after their previous treatment needing a new treatment. The frequency of undetected sinusitis in adults is often underestimated. Mass chest x ray examinations should be combined with x-ray examinations of the paranasal sinuses. PMID- 1224688 TI - [Etiology and clinical diagnosis of diffuse pleural mesothelioma (author's transl)]. AB - Diffuse malignant mesothelioma are no longer uncommon diseases within the geographical regions of Halle and Merseburg. These tumors are provoked by the deposition of dust particles of asbestos near the pleura. Asbestos particles are not only obtained by mining and preparation the mineral but also in its use for various purposes - in the past in shipyards mainly and now in the chemical industry as well. The period from the first absorption of these dust particles up to the manifestation of the malignoma is said to last 20-40 years approximately. At present, asbestos is contained in a remarkable great variety of products. Consequently, there is now a general danger, independently of the profession concerned. Possibilities of an exact clinical diagnosis will be discussed on the basis of the experience gained with 100 cases. Only with 17 out of 100 cases the oncogenesis was not accompanied by pleural exudation. The Female/male ratio was 1.0/4.5. 1 - the demonstration of mesothelial cell structures by the transthoracic tumour punctate. 2 - the cytological findings of the effusion cell sediment in connection with the determination of the WELTMANN coagulation band in the effusion and in the blood serum or 3 - the pleuroscopy in connection with the excision of material for cytological and histological tests. A therapeutical treatment is not known till now. Highly restricted use of asbestos is an imperative prophylactic measure. PMID- 1224690 TI - [The lupine, a contribution to nutrition in the Andes. 1. General viewpoints]. PMID- 1224691 TI - [The lupine, a contribution to nutrition in the Andes. 2. The quality of proteins in Lupinus mutabilis compared to Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and Soja max]. PMID- 1224689 TI - Effect of dietary fibre on gallstone formation in hamsters. AB - This study aimed at investigating the effect of different sources of dietary fibre on gallstone formation in hamsters. The substances studied were pectin, lignin and psyllium hydrocolloid. The two latter compounds protected hamsters against cholesterol gallstone formation. Lignin resulted in a decrease of the deoxycholic acid conentration and in a rise of the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. These changes which are similar to those observed with cholestyramine suggest that lignin acts as a bile acid sequestrant. Psyllium hydrocolloid effected a similar shift of the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio but it also resulted in a rise of the deoxycholic concentration. This latter finding is not compatible with a bile acid sequestering role of this compound. The addition of alcohol to the drinking-water resulted in the formation of stones rich in pigment. Under these conditions the tendency to form such stones was not checked by either of the investigated substances. PMID- 1224692 TI - [Protein and amino acid composition of newborn rats under defective nutritional conditions]. AB - The law protein nutrition of the nursing rat inhibits the growth of the new born rats. A percentage reduction of the dry substances by decrease of N2-free substances takes place. In relation to g dry substance the body protein content, collagen also, rises. Absolutely, these parts rest unaltered, just so the relation of the parenchymatous protein to collagen. The often support of view that starving provokes a collagen formation of the body, that means an exceed of the framework, can not be confirmed. Though in this paper we can give an explanation for the occurrence of this conclusion. Long interuptions of lactation periods remarkably have no effect on the growth and on the amin compartments of the body of new born rats. Only tryptophane is reduced in favour of the serine fraction in the body of those animals. We discuss this finding as a change of the metabolisme of tryptophane depending of stress. PMID- 1224693 TI - [The Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the Academy of Medical Sciences in the U.S.S.R]. PMID- 1224694 TI - [Achievements of industrial hygiene in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]. PMID- 1224695 TI - [Medical monitoring for radiation protection of subjects occupationally exposed to radiation in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1224696 TI - [Establishments of standards for noxious substances in the atmosphere]. PMID- 1224697 TI - [Traffic noise as an irritating factor in school environment]. PMID- 1224698 TI - [Problems in the environmental pollution with polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCB)]. PMID- 1224699 TI - [Measurement of formaldehyde concentrations in closed rooms]. PMID- 1224700 TI - [Results of comparative studies on the biological properties of S. typhi and S. paratyphi strains for the production of vaccines]. PMID- 1224701 TI - [The ecology of influenza A]. PMID- 1224702 TI - Influenza A2 neuraminidases and their changes during persistance of viruses in tissue cultures. PMID- 1224703 TI - [Cultivation of various human embryonic tissues in vivo]. PMID- 1224705 TI - [Sheltered work in the U.S.S.R]. PMID- 1224704 TI - [Duration of Australia antigenemia in families during hepatitis incubation]. PMID- 1224706 TI - [Indication for surgery in lumbar disk displacement]. AB - After the description of the operative risk and the results of the operation in the lumbar dislocation of the disk the indications for an operation are demonstrated. According to our experiences the indication for the operation of disks may be a necessity in a part of patients, in order to avert remaining lesions. In a second group the operation should be carried out, since conservative measures cannot bring about a change of the complex of complaints and, apart from this, may be dangerous for the patient. In the third group the operation can be indicated, as after conservative treatment recidivations may appear again and again. The contraindications are described in short and our indication for lumbar myelography is demonstrated. PMID- 1224707 TI - [Influence of coronary-effective substances on the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in the serum of patients with angina pectoris]. AB - In a study of patients with angina pectoris the influence of coronary-effective medicaments on the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was investigated. Supplementary establishments were carried out experimentally on pigs. Compared with normal persons patients with angina pectoris had a significantly higher level of non-esterified fatty acids. In an oral dose of 150 mg a day propranolol decreased the non-esterified fatty acids to normal values. Dipyridamol decreased the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the serum in an average dose of 450 mg a day also significantly. The combination of propranolol and dipyridamol did not evoke a particular additive effect on the decrease of non esterified fatty acids. In a dosage of 300 mg a day orally trapymin had no clear influence on the non-esterified fatty acids. D,L-oxyfedrin (64 mg orally a day) increased the concentration of the non-esterified fatty acids in the serum. The decrease of the level of non-esterified fatty acids seems important for the prophylaxis of the infarction. The antilipolytic effect is a desirable therapeutic mechanism among others in the coronary therapy. PMID- 1224708 TI - [Venous capacity and venous drainage capacity of the legs in subjects with healthy vascular systems]. AB - In altogether 102 probands (51 men and 51 woman) with an average of 35 and 27.5 years, respectively, on the two calves and the two ankles the venous capacity and the average inclincation of the tissue to swelling were determined in the deep positioning experiment. Apart from this, with the help of the venous drainage experiment we established the venous reflux speed in the region of the lower extremities. From the 2040 measured values received for each measuring place the mean values x and the standard deviation s were calculated. Besides, it was sought for statistically significant differences between the individual mesuring places as well as between men and women. With the help of these investigation methods we succeeded in establishing several parameters of the venous haemodynamics quantitatively and on an unbloody way and in making them usable for the recognition of disturbances of the venous circulation in the region of the legs. PMID- 1224709 TI - [Relationships between body build, overweight and energy exchange in standardized bicycle erogometer test]. AB - Of 70 healthy probands, among them 28 males and 18 females with moderate to large overweight, by means of indirect calorimetry were determined energy exchange and respiratory quotient in rest as well as with 60 and 95 watt bicycle ergometer load. Furthermore, from body-weight, height and 4 measures of skinfolds relative weight, body surface, fat content of the body and lean body mass were calculated. Energy exchange of obese persons in rest and during work were significantly increased, compared with the control groups the differences decreased with increasing size of load. As to the two degrees of watt in males and females resulted ascertained positive relations between oxygen consumption and all anthropometric sized investigated (correlation coefficient between 0.79 and 0.43). As basis for the calculation for the prognosis of the energy requirement of obese persons the degrees of overweight and absolute body weight appear particularly suitable. PMID- 1224710 TI - [Carditis in mononucleosis]. AB - In this paper are described epidemiology, symptomatology and clinic without entering the variety of the possible appearances of the infectious mononucleosis. Through the affinity of the virus to parenchymatous organs the carditis mononucleosa develops. On the basis of 3 own observations the clinical pictures of pericarditis and myocarditis mononucleosa are described. A late immunological reaction with the development of autoantibodies is discussed as cause of myocarditis. PMID- 1224711 TI - [Generalized allergic reaction to chloralhydrate]. AB - It is casuistically reported on a severe drug allergy of the immediate type compared with chloral hydrate. The unusually manifold allergic symptomatology allows a classification into the feature of the allergic mononucleosis. PMID- 1224712 TI - [New, non-invasive index for recognition of the early stages of cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Proceeding from the highly significant correlation of the pre-ejection period (PEP) with usual measures of contractility a new non-invasive index is given which allows to recognize a decrease in left ventricular contractile adaptability and, therefore, to diagnose early stages of heart failure. The so-called pre ejection index is based on measuring the pre-ejection period in upright and supine posture under resting conditions. By means of series of measurements with 30 normal subjects and 30 patients with latent heart insufficiency is demonstrated that a highly significant separation of the two groups is possible. A newly developed so-called thermistor pulse transducer is described which is essential for an easy application technique. Suggestions are presented for determination of the pre-ejection index by means of a single channel E.C.G. apparatus and for automatic digital data acquisition. PMID- 1224713 TI - [Hematologic function tests in early diagnosis]. AB - The functional tests in form of tolerance tests allow an insight into the adaptibility of the organism to changed inner and outer conditions. The majority of haematological functional tests demands a temporary and economic expediture which excludes it a priori as screening test. According to a previously published phase program for the haematological functional diagnosis a report is given on simple methods for judging the disturbed partial functions of the blood. PMID- 1224714 TI - [The significance of morphologic-hematologic methods]. AB - A survey is given on the value of the haematologo-morphological examination methods, especially the differential counting of leucocytes, the smear of a concentrate of leucocytes and the cytomorphological judgment of the bone marrow. None of these methods is suitable for the search for cases in the sense of a preliminary diagnosis. This is also of importance especially for the differential counting of leucocytes. However, with aimed methods of proceeding these methods are of great diagnostic value, so that they may be very much in front in a graduated diagnostic program. The diagnostic evidence of a cytomorphological preparation of the bone marrow must highly be estimated concerning a situation of deficiency of iron, a diffuse or small nodular metastasizing of the bone marrow or lesion of the bone marrow by exogenic factors. PMID- 1224715 TI - [Screening tests for the determination of risk groups in respiratory insufficiency under conditions of epidemiological serial studies]. AB - A report is given on a system of effective respiratory functional tests which proved its value when used in epidemiological mass examinations in connection with the mass miniature radiography in Berlin, Brandenburg and Halle as well as in mass examinations in Berlin enterprises. Thereby a new development - Pneumotest - is presented, an electronic spirometer for the recognition of ventilatory and distribution analytic preliminary parameters with digital indication of 5 sizes of the breath test manoeuvre which is to be applied as successor of the well-known spirotest device. In this paper the functional capacity of the further developed fluorographic densimetry as preliminary emphysematic test is proved. The application of the rapid helium or O2/N2 breathing back technique for the determination of residual volume and closing volume has in connection with the automatic establishment of the measuring values proved as basic diagnostics for emphysema with a large efficiency and at the same time with high reliability. The digestion of the epidemiological functional data with the help of electronic data processing is carried out in the own microcalculator system following immediately the application during examination. PMID- 1224716 TI - [The information content of bronchial reactivity tests (acetylcholinetest) for screening purposes]. AB - It is described a methodology of the test of bronchial reactivity (acetyl choline test) in the area of occupational medicine. Experiments of retesting resulted in a good reproducibility without regard to the fact that the problems of aerosol dosage and retention are not exactly to be clarified at present. Concerning the information value of tests of bronchial reactivity their value in early diagnosis is emphasized compared with the spirometry without provocation. As essential factors of influence for the results of the tests proved to be the eventually existing diseases of the respiratory tract and the ventilatory initial values. Habits of smoking and age are of less influence. PMID- 1224717 TI - [Transformation surgery in dumping syndrome after Billroth II stomach resection]. AB - After ineffective conservative therapy of the dumping-syndrome the transformation of Billroth's second operation into Billroth's first operation or the interposition of a jejunum segment between reamins of the stomach and duodenum are indicated. The increased risk of operation demands a careful selection of the patients. By means of these interventions an essential improvement of the complaints may be achieved. PMID- 1224718 TI - [The behavior of the parathyroid hormone secretion in hemodialyzed patients with chronic kidney failure]. AB - In 15 patients with chronic renal insufficiency the influence of the haemodialysis on the level of the blood serum of immune-reactive parathormone (iPTH). In the therapy of dialysis a wash with high calcium content (= 8 mg/100 ml) was used. After a single haemodialysis a decrease of the iPTH-level was observed. After a dialysis therapy lasting several months the values of the iPTH concentration in 7 of 8 examined patients were significantly lower than before this therapy. The results cited prove that by means of a wash with high calcium content the increased PTH-secretion may be diminished in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 1224719 TI - [Application of a mathematical model to the penetration of amino acids through a dialysis membrane in chronic hemodialysis]. AB - With the help of a one-pool-model from the clearance values measured for 4 different dialysator models the elimination rates for amino acids are calculated with special regard to the essential amino acids. In these cases the body-weight of the patient also belongs to the calculation of the elimination of the amino acids. The loss of the amino acids under the dialysis procedes corresponding to an e-function and is particularly high during the first period of dialysis. PMID- 1224720 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities in aortic arch syndrome in ambulant care]. AB - The diagnostic possibilities in the syndrome of the aortic arch in the surgery of the outpatient department are described. The importance of the leading symptoms in the anamnesis, the pulse palpation and auscultation, the inspection and the bilateral measurement of the blood pressure is elaborated. It is referred to the value of the simple functional test. Apparative investigation methods which are also used in the outpatient department are mentioned. The exhaustion of all possibilities which are at disposal for diagnosing already the early stages of the syndrome of the aortic arch is regarded as prognostically important in order to prevent irreversible cerebral lesions by a timely induction of necessary therapeutic measures. PMID- 1224721 TI - [Use of efficiency test as a standard method in occupational aptitude evaluation]. AB - The judgment of the functional capacity of the body in the practice of occupational medicine is imperatively necessary for fitness examinations and controls. Issuing from the climbing apparatus method developed by Kaltenbach and Klepzig a simple screening test concerning the functional diagnosis is controlled as to its applicability in the practice of occupational medicine and its evidence with the help of ergometric comparative examinations. 266 healthy workers as well as 92 patients with chronic disease of the respiratory tract or ischaemic heart disease were examined. The results showed: -A good reproducibility of the measurement of the heart rate in the screening test of functional capacity, -a good correlation with submaximal loads on the bicycle ergometer and -a correspondence between the scaled results of the screening test and the loads of the bicycle ergometer from 53 to 71%, on an average 58%. For the whole group of persons examined the correlation coefficient r was 0.52. PMID- 1224722 TI - [Diabetic coma as a task for intensive therapy]. AB - On the basis of 763 cases with diabetic coma from 1960 to 1973 is referred to the advantages of the foundation of a coma ward as department of intensive observation. It is reported on some successful changes of therapy in recent years. The introduction of methods of intensive therapy has led to a significant decrease of lethality. A sufficient administration of potassium (not less than 200 mval/die) and the prevention of a cerebral oedema are actual demands for the improvement of the prognosis of diabetic coma. PMID- 1224723 TI - [Morbidity and mortality of poisonings in hospitalized patients in the German Democratic Republic]. AB - In evaluation of the hospital statistics a survey is given on the kinds of intoxication and their frequency, age distribution and lethality. It is elaborated the necessity of the concentration of patients with intoxications, in order to decrease the lethality. An organisation model for the GDR is designed and the author adopts a definite attitude to th establishment of intoxication centres. PMID- 1224724 TI - [Bases of medical treatment of acute poisonings]. AB - The measures of the physician who is first in charge of the case often decisive for the course of the intoxication. Severe intoxication with disturbance of the vital functions immediately demand the removal of the acute danger to life. The effectivity of the detoxication treatment following the elementary therapy increases with the degree of exactness of the diagnosis. Therefore, already at the place of establishment the differential diagnostics of the cause of intoxication begins. To this belongs the asservation of poisons. In certain intoxications the detoxication is a constituent of the elementary therapy. Since only few antidotes are known the dominant factor of the detoxication treatment is above all in the unspecific detoxication treatment is above all in the unspecific detoxication. Its most important means are the prevention of the enteral resorption as well as forced renal elimination and dialysis. Experiences with barbiturate intoxications only with restriction are to be transmitted to other medicaments. Aslo among the groups of the barbiturates, the barbiturate-free sleeping drugs, the psychopharmaca, analgetics and others certain medicaments distinguish themseleves by characteristic effects which must be taken into consideration during treatment. Indication and differential indication of forced diuresis, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are last not least determined by individual conditions and reactions on the part of the patient, concomitant diseases and complications. Taking into consideration the fact that a schematisation in detail is not to be proposed it is tried to derive and to prove recommendations for the medical action in acute intoxications. PMID- 1224726 TI - [Water intoxication]. AB - In uncharacteristic clinical symptomatology the excess of water or the water intoxication render themselves conspicuous less by the signs of an increased fluid content than by central-nervous disturbances. Among the results of laboratory examinations the hypoosmolarity measured cryoscopically always, the hyponatraemia in most cases prove the excess of free water. Exceptions are discussed. A decreased capacity of the elimination of water pathogenetically plays a larger role than primarily excessive water supply. Apart from acute and chronic renal insufficiency the various forms of the Schwartz-Bartter-syndrome (inadequate ADH-secretion) play an increasingly more important role. The therapy demands the reduction of every supply of free water, the treatment of the evoking cause and only in cases of exception the administration of hypertonic saline solution, at the most dialysis treatment. PMID- 1224725 TI - [Problems of infrequent and often underestimated drug poisonings in emergency medicine]. AB - Intoxication with medicaments which do not belong to the class of sedatives or psychopharmaca are often underestimated and not treated in hospital if they have no influence on the sensorium. In the Central First Aid and Intensive Therapy Department Berlin-Friedrichshain about 400-500 patients with drug intoxications of all kind are treated annually. Out of these on the average 30 intoxications are not conditioned by psychopharmaca, sedatives or analgesics. In these intoxications the drugs in question are above all cardio-active medicaments (glycosides and antiarrhythmics), rauwolfia and ergot alkaloids as well as industry and household chemicals. 3 patients with such intoxications are described concerning their clinical symptomatology, the course and the therapy. PMID- 1224727 TI - [Poisoning with nitrosifying gas]. AB - Nitrosifying gases are nitrogen-oxygen mixtures which are used in many branches of industry or which develop as a sideproduct. They are toxic already in a relatively slight concentration. It is reported on 12 patients who on account of an accident in a Berlin metal factory fell ill with an acute intoxication by nitrosifying gas. Symptoms, clinical and paraclinical findings are compiled and compared with the cases described in literature. Therapeutic orders are discussed. PMID- 1224728 TI - [Acute hemodialysis in internal medicine emergency therapy]. PMID- 1224729 TI - [Recent aspects of thrombogenesis and thrombosis prevention]. AB - Proceeding from experimental and natural conditions the modern opinion concerning the importance of Virchow's triad for the development and prophylaxis of thrombosis is explained. As to the point change of the quality of blood the author enters the newer findings of the behaviour of heparinocytes, fibrinolytic proactivators and split products as well as other endogenous protective mechanisms. The dependence on age of the heparinocytes and thymocytes is compared and the possible common root of the thrombogenesis and the genesis of tumours is taken into consideration. The influence of sexual steroids, nutrition, the consumption of coffee, tea, cigarettes, alcohol, etc., influence of weather and light on the endogenous and medical prophylaxis of thrombosis is discussed. PMID- 1224730 TI - [Primary prevention and non-linearity in cardiovascular adaptation]. AB - The size of the healthy heart and its function stand in a significant reciprocity. An enlargement of the heart in the sense of the formation of the athletic heart is characterized by an optimation of the function. On the basis of a larger sample the functional behaviour of healthy hearts between a size of 600 and 1,380 ml was tested. The function of the heart is not linearly connected with the size of the heat in the whole breadth of adaptation. When a small adaptation level is present a larger functional change is to be attached to a defined change of the size of the heart than in a high adaptation level. The curve of functional indices reveals a parabolic form above the size of the heart. This situation is present in rest, in submaximal load, in the phase of final load and in the phase of after-load. On the basis of representative parameters of the cardiovascular function this fact is demonstrated. The adaptation optimum is found nearly in the middle of the possible phase of adaptation. The author deals with the importance which these findings have for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 1224731 TI - [Clinico-pharmacological studies with Nifedipine--a new coronary substance]. AB - On 19 test persons (10 healthy persons, 9 patients with heart diseases) mechanocardiographic and haemodynamic examinations were carried out with the new preparation Nifedipine (05-072) which effects on the coronary vessels. Insignificant positively inotropic effects with invariable heart rate and cardiac output, decreasing heart action and decreased oxygen consumption were found. Arterial blood pressure and peripheral resistance were only slightly diminished. Own results and reports from literature show that the application of Nifedipine in the ischaemic heart disease appears to be successful. PMID- 1224732 TI - [Problems of hepatitis in dialysis patients, technical personnel and their relatives]. AB - In a centre for dialytic treatment of the district Karl-Marx-Stadt during 16 months patients and staff underwent a continuous clinico-epidemiological observation. By means of determinations of serum enzymes and Au-antigen investigation regularly carried out in these cases the special risk of hepatitis could be confirmed. Hygienic-antiepidemic and organization measures are discussed and recommendations are given concerning the prophylactically more aimed course. Further investigations are necessary in as far as certain basic diseases (i.g., renal insufficiency) have an influence on the Au-antigen-persistence by impairment of the immune system and which epidemiological effects may result from this. PMID- 1224733 TI - [Computer disk for the evaluation of body weight in adult men and women as based on their broca-weight]. AB - In this paper is described a calculating disk for the percental deviation from the Broca-weight. By exact references to the mathematical derivation and to the construction a practical use is striven for. PMID- 1224734 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulins in acute and chronic coronary disease]. AB - 51 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease showed on the average increases of IgA and IgG, but a significance concerning a control group could not be calculated. Compared with the normal group 41 patients with acute myocardial infarction did not reveal a significant increase of all three immunoglobulins. The observations of the course after myocardial infarction had the following result: During the first five days IgG in the majority decreased to 90% of the initial value and in the second to third week it increased to a maximum of on the average 150% of the initial value. 8 patients did not show a change of the IgG level after infarction, in 4 patients the IgG-level still continuously decreased also in the second week. In 23 patients IgA increased to the double in the second and third week, in 18 patients it remained uninfluenced. The increase of IgM was to be established in 15 patients in whom at the same time in increase of IgA appeared. A relation between the values of IgG and the clinical parameters of the myocardial infarction could not be proved. PMID- 1224735 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. AB - Of 48 patients with autoimmunohaemolytic anaemia who were treated in our clinic during the last 10 years 13 could fully be cured, 20 exhibited a satisfying improvement, 7 remained without improvement and 8 died (3 of them of the basic disease). The results obtained allow the conclusion that the therapeutic use of corticosteroids, particularly at the beginning of the treatment as well as in the acute haemolytic attack is justified. Cytostatics, however, are especially suitable for long-term therapy, whereas splenectomy should be performed when no sufficient therapeutic success was achieved and in special cases. Under optimal therapy and repeated control the prognosis is to be regarded as favourable. For this reason treatment and further care by a haematological centre are demanded, since in such a facility are the most favourable conditions for the best care of the patients with autoimmunohaemolytic anaemia. PMID- 1224736 TI - [Cell-mediated immune-phenomenona in progressive chronic polyarthritis]. AB - With the help of the lymphocyte transformation test 34 patients with ascertained progressive chronic polyarthritis and 20 control persons were examined. A proteoglycan fraction from normal cartilaginous tissue was used as antigen. Hereby was found: 1. The antigen-conditioned stimulation of the lymphocytes in the group with progressive chronic polyarthritis was greater than in the control persons. 2. In the formation of the transformation index the difference between the two groups could be statistically ascertained. With the help of the present examination a further proof was given that in the process of rheumatoid arthritis cellular immune phenomena play a part. However, which value cellular immune mechanisms have in the etiopathogenesis of the progressive chronic polyarthritis, cannot be answered with the results of the examinations. PMID- 1224737 TI - [Cell-mediated immune-phenomenona in hyperthyroidism and euthyroid goiter (studies using the lymphocyte transformation test)]. AB - For the establishment of cellular immune phenomena in hyperthyroidism and the euthyreotic struma 27 patients with hyperthyroidism, 18 patients with euthyreotic struma and 33 healthy control persons were examined with the help of the lymphocyte transformation test as to their ability to the blast cell transformation under addition of watery extract of the thyroid gland. In the cases of hyperthyroidism significantly increased transformation indices were found compared with the controls. Also in the euthyreotic strumae increased values were found compared with the controls. They lay at the borderline to significance. Three different extracts were used as antigen. The transformation indices calculated in these cases were partly significantly different. From this is concluded that not in every watery extract of the thyroid gland the responsible antigen exists in sufficient quantity and/or quality. PMID- 1224738 TI - [Immunosuppressive long-term treatment in chronic aggressive hepatitis]. PMID- 1224739 TI - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. AB - A survey of pathogenesis, pathobiochemistry, pathological anatomy, clinic, diagnostics and therapy of the Zollinger-Ellison-syndrome is given. The Zollinger Ellison-syndrome is, it is true, relatively rare, but its limitation from the usual peptic ulcer has great practical consequences. The suspicion of a Zollinger Ellison-syndrome is aroused by therapy-resistent ulcers, which in every third person are associated with a diarrhoea, by recidivations of ulcer after gastric operations and by a large basal secretion of acid. The decisive diagnostic means is the serum gastrin determination. The only promising therapy is, as a rule, the gastrectomy. PMID- 1224740 TI - [Blood coagulation tests in children with cyanotic heart defects]. AB - In 57 children with congenital cyanotic heart disease coagulation analyses were performed before operation. The patients with low haematocrit only sometimes exhibited defects of low degree. In patients with haematocrit values of more than 60% were increasingly found complex coagulation disturbances. Many correlations could be proved between the coagulation parameters. Thrombocytopenia, plasmatic defects and hyperfibrinolysis were parallel. The cause of the changes is to be seen in chronic disseminated intravasal coagulation processes. The results of investigations presented confirm the necessity of preoperative coagulation analyses especially in patients with high haematocrit values. Larger disturbances of coagulation may influence the decision between a palliative intervention or immediate causal operation. PMID- 1224741 TI - [Australia antigen and porphyria cutanea tarda]. AB - In 40 patients suffering from porphyria cutanea tarda the sera were examined for the existence of HBAg and HBAb. Hepatitis was known in the history of 6 patients, in 3 of 23 bioptically examined livers a chronic aggressive hepatitis could be proved. When the transmigration electrophoresis after Pesendorfer and coworkers was used, in no case HBAg and HBAb could be proved. PMID- 1224742 TI - [Electromyographic diagnosis of tetany]. AB - Whilst the classical picture of tetany is easily to be diagnosed, diagnostic problems may arouse if vegetative, visceral or vascular symptoms predominate. The well-known clinical signs of provocation (Chvostek, Trousseau, Bonsdorff) frequently do not allow any diagnostic ascertainment. With the help of the classical electrodiagnostics after Erb (in the positive case the provocation of the cathodal opening contraction with an intensity of current below 5 mA is possible) or the electromyography we, as a rule, succeed in proving the diagnosis. In the EMG characteristic repetetive potentials in derivation from a small hand muscle are found, either spontaneous or after provocation by means of ischaemia and hyperventilation. The electromyographic examination is regarded as the most sensitive method in the diagnostic spectre at disposal and should be used for proving or excluding a tetany in unclear stenocardias, vasomotor circulatory disturbances, in spastic disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, in unclear headache as well as in tetanic cataract and after operations of the thyroid gland. PMID- 1224743 TI - [Clinical aspects of osteomyelofibrosis and osteomyelosclerosis]. AB - The clinical and radiological parameters, the laboratory findings as well as the results of the nuclear-medical examination established in 78 patients with an osteomyelofibrosis or osteomyelosclerosis are compared with the data existing in literature and the problems of diagnostics and therapy of these diseases are derived from this. PMID- 1224744 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus today (continuation)]. AB - In form of a survey report the author enters the modern knowledge and opinions concerning the etiopathogenesis of diabetes. Endogenic (hereditary) and exogenic (above all hyperalimentation and malnutrition, deficient muscular conditioning) factors act together. To the functional capacity and functional reserve of the B cell a central importance is ascribed. The author particularly deals with the possibility of a bihormonal disturbance and with the metabolic syndrome as well as a differentiation into the two most important types of diabetes is performed. As to several problems the results of the Karlsburg team are cited. PMID- 1224745 TI - [Diarrhea in tropical diseases and helminthiasis]. AB - The human parasitoses, in which a diarrhoea can appear or is the obligatory symptom, occurring in warm countries are discussed in a survey. PMID- 1224746 TI - [Cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis (congenital liver fibrosis), a little-known cause of portal hypertension]. PMID- 1224747 TI - [Human infestation with liver flukes]. AB - Casuistic reports supplement parasitological and epidemiological references to the affection of man with Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis felineus. Due to the increase of the tourist traffic must be reckoned with a more frequent appearance of these parasitoses little known in Middle Europe. PMID- 1224748 TI - [Diagnosis of the early stages of diabetes and prevention of diabetes manifestations]. AB - According to our experiences the value of the GIT in the diagnostics of the pre stages of diabetes on account of the recognizability of the two phases of secretion of insulin and the good reproducibility is above the value of the oGTT and iGTT. In consequence of the large methodical expenditure it is left to the highly specialized stationary diagnostics. The development of the carbohydrate intolerance is concomitant with a significant reduction of the glucose-induced insulin secretion in the early phase. In contrast to this, in about 70 per cent the second phase of secretion corresponds to the normal when the pathological carbohydrate tolerance appears and is significantly reduced to 60 per cent only at the time of the manifestation of diabetes. The reduction of weight as well as buformin are suitable therapeutics of the manifestation prophylaxis. In these cases in the adipose asymptomatic diabetes should primarily always be striven for a normalisation of the body-weight, whereas for test persons with normal weight the indication for the buformin-therapy is given. PMID- 1224749 TI - [Pathogenic characteristics of the early stages of diabetes mellitus and preventive consequences]. PMID- 1224750 TI - [Disaccharidases of the small intestine mucosa in infants and children. "Normal values", log normal distribution and age dependence]. AB - In 63 infants and children with a histological normal mucosa of the duodenum, without an isolated defect of enzyme and with a normal increase of xylose and glucose in serum after a combined xylose-lactose loading test the activities of disaccharidases were log normal distributed. The asymmetric distributions were transformed into symmetric ones and the geometric mean (x) as well as the range (+/- 2 s) of maltase, saccharase, isomaltase, lactase and trehalase were calculated. Only the activity of lactase shows a significant dependency on age. In the first year of age the lower limit (x -- 2 s) of this enzyme is much higher than later. PMID- 1224751 TI - [Studies on the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in ulcerative colitis]. AB - Cytotoxic action was examined with 51 Cr labelled fetal human colon epithelial cell cultures -- using lymphocytes of healthy test persons and of patients suffering from ulcerous colitis and colon carcinoma. There was no significant difference as to the cytotoxic action of the lymphocytes between the three above mentioned groups; these results are in contrast to those obtained by previous research. This fact is considered to be due to the different methods applied. In the cases with ulcerous colitis E. coli or E. coli with CEA together formed the antigen against which complex immuno-processes are generated. PMID- 1224752 TI - [Effect of an anabolic steroid (methenolone enanthate) on the intra- and extravasal albumin pool in liver cirrhosis]. AB - 15 patients with a histologically and/or peritoneoscopically proven cirrhosis of the liver were treated for four weeks with 200 mg metenolonenanthate (Depot Primobolan) per week. Before and after the treatment the intravascular and extravascular pool and daily turnover of albumin were measured with 125J-albumin. All patients had a well "compensated" cirrhosis. The only significant difference between the values of the cirrhotic patients and those of a control group of patients was a reduction of the albumin turn-over. The anabolic steroid enlarged the turn-over, the effect was the more pronounced the more pronounced the more the turn over was diminished before the treatment. PMID- 1224753 TI - [Rheologic studies in chronic agressive hepatitis]. AB - The chronic aggressive hepatitis, type II b, is attended by an elevation of the plasma and blood viscosity values, which corresponds to the degree of the mesenchymal and parenchymatous inflammation. This elevation is mainly due to a pathological increase of those immunglobuline fractions which are effective on the viscosity. During the application of a fluocortolon monotherapy, there could be noticed a regression as well as a normalisation of the primarily pathological laboratory parameters, being typical for an aggressive hepatitis. These changes were correlated to a decrease of the blood and plasma viscosity. The improved blood flow property is considered to be caused by the decrease of the IgG fraction. The significance of an improved blood flow property will be discussed in correlation to the effect of the microcirculation, resulting in a better nutrition of the cell with the necessary nutritive substances, as well as on the regression of the inflammatory parameters hereby provoked. In addition to the possible benefits of the introduced cortison therapy will be considered in this context. PMID- 1224754 TI - [Osteopathies and calcium absorption in chronic liver diseases]. AB - Enteral calcium absorption was determined in 18 patients with non-obstructive liver disease (16 with liver cirrhosis, 2 with chronic hepatitis). There was no significant difference in comparison with healthy persons. Osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease probably is not due to impaired calcium absorption but to other complications of liver disease as immobility, muscle atrophy, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholism and malnutrition. Osteomalacia on the other hand, is a complication of long standing obstructive liver disease. In these cases vitamin D treatment is indicated. PMID- 1224755 TI - [The value of gastrocytograms in gastroenterologic practice]. AB - Gastroenterological diagnostics practised in out-patient departments requires a good correlation between costs and rate of success; for this reason the swab probe technique was used for examining the morphology of the stomach. Evaluating the gastrocytogram will have to suffice as a practical method until the day when gastroscopy, cytological tests or biopsies can be done on a large scale in out patient departments. Since -- despite constant probing for tumors -- only a minority of the patients reveal any lesions of a suspect nature in the X-ray, the majority of cases involves gastritis. The gastrocytogram may replace some of the X-rays and secretion analyses; however, it does not constitute an alternative to purposive gastroscopy and biopsy. Eosinophiles and micro-adenomatous cell associations were found to occur in some cases of atrophic gastritis as a special cytological characteristic. PMID- 1224756 TI - [Benign tumors as the cause of extrahepatic occlusion syndrome. Report on a neuroma of the bile ducts]. AB - This is a report of a 29-year-old patient with an extrahepatic occlusion syndrome caused by a neuroma in the common hepatic duct. The diagnosis of an extrahepatic tumor of the bile duct, confirmed by surgery and successfully treated, was made by an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Histological examination revealed the rare finding of a neuroma. PMID- 1224757 TI - [Influence of efferent biliary ducts on the composition of bile acids. Studies on subjects with cholesterol gall stones and a stone-free control group]. AB - Cadaveric livers and their gall bladders were used in order to determine the bile acids following separation by thin layer chromatography; spectrophotofluorimetry was employed. In the hepatic tissue of the lithiasis patients the bile acid concentrations and the ratio of the trihydroxycholanic acid (cholic acid) to the dihydroxycholanic acids (desoxycholic acid and chenodesoxycholic acid) are lower than in the control group. In the B-bile only cholic acid and the quotient cholic acid to chenodesoxycholic acid reveal any significant differences. Also, there exists an established positive correlation between the bile acid concentration in the hepatic tissue and in the B-bile of the alcoholic test persons but not in the cholelithiasis patients. From this we may infer that the concomitant inflammation of the gall bladder has an influence on the composition of the bile acids. PMID- 1224758 TI - [Determination of aryl esterase activity in the human serum using 4-nitrophenyl acetate]. AB - A new determination of esterases and arylesterases (E. C. 3.1.1.2.) with 4 nitrophenylacetate is described. The results are compared with those of the method described by Pilz using phenylacetate. 4-nitrophenylacetate instead of phenylacetate allows a kinetic reaction. The precision of the determination is good, the method easy to handle. Normal values: 1100--2600 U/1 (total esterases), 700--2100 U/1 (arylesterases) at +25 degrees C. PMID- 1224759 TI - [Contribution on the physiological heart growth. (Experimental autoradiographic studies in mice)]. AB - After injections of 3H thymidine or 3H proline, the physiological hearth growth in mice of the CBA strain belonging to various age groups was studied by means of autoradiography. The most important results are the following: The duration of the postnatal growth period is determined by the degree of maturity of the heart at the time of birth. It varies from species to species. 2. In the perinatal developmental phase the percentage of the 3H thymidine-labelled connective-tissue nuclei is higher than that of the muscle nuclei. In this period the connective supporting tissue is considerably strengthened. 3. During the postnatal developmental phase the DNA synthesis in the muscle nuclei aids the preparation of mitoses. After the postnatal duplication of cells the mitotic genes are repressed. The further growth is effected by the increase in weight of the individual fibres. 4. The process of growth is substantially determined by the intracardiac or intramyocardiac pressure and thus by the extension of the muscle fibre. Prior to birth the percentage of the labelled nuclei of muscle cells and connective tissue cells in the right ventricle was higher than in the left ventricular wall. In the postnatal period we observed a shift in the percentage of the labelled cells towards the left ventricular wall. The basis and the median section of the ventricular wall. The basis and the median section of the ventricular wall contain a higher percentage of labelled cells than does the apex cordis. During the first two weeks of live most of the DNA synthesising nuclei of muscle and connective tissue cells are localized in the two inner muscle shells. Later in life no clear distinctions can be demonstrated between the individual ventricular layers. PMID- 1224760 TI - Some observations on the intercalated disc of a rat cardiac muscle. AB - During the experimental investigations special attention was paid to the orthomorphology of the ultrastructure of cardiac muscle intercalated disc in a rat. The contact junction between the cellular membranes of adjacent cells and intercellular spaces are typical for the cardiac muscle intercalated disc. Attention was paid to the three zone system of the junctions, namely: 1. nexus (zonula occludens), 2. fascia adherens (zonula adherens) and 3. macula adherens (similar to the desmosome). Apart from this the cell membranes adjacent to the cells may form digital indentations. A single injection of adrenaline in a dose of 2.4 mg/kg causes sinuate widenings of the intercellular space, but only in the zone of the fascia adherens. The structure of the nexuses and maculae adherentes is unchanged during this time. PMID- 1224761 TI - [Histological and histochemical studies of the mammary gland innervation in cattle (Bost taurus L.)]. AB - With histological and histochemical methods the innervation of the mammary gland of the cow was studies. The skin of the udder has a weak innervation in contrast to the test. In the district of the basement of the gland body nerve stems enter in the teat. In the skin of the teat only isolated free nerve terminals are found. Intraepithelial nerve terminals are missed. In the middle layer of the teat round the blood vessels bundles of nerve fibers and many organs of nerve terminals were shown. The organs of nerve terminals are typical of the teat and present mechanical receptors. It is discussed the functional significance of the afferent and efferent innervation of the mammary gland of the cow. PMID- 1224762 TI - [Columnar organization of pyramidal cells of the visual cortex in the albino rat]. AB - 1. The arrangement of the pyramidal cells of the visual cortex has been investigated by light and electron microscopy in 36 albino rats. 2. It was shown, that the apical dendrites form bundles. The number of dendrites per bundle is about 5 in the lower lamina Vb and 7.5 in the upper lamina Va, the diameter of bundles is about 25.7 mum. The average distance between the centers of bundles is 76,4 mum, and between the peripheries 53.1 mum. 3. The results are compared with physiological and morphological findings. It was shown, that there is an agreement of diameter of bundles und their lateral branching dendrites with diameters of columns of cells and of terminal branchings of specific afferents. 4. The morphological results are graphically reconstructed. PMID- 1224763 TI - [The ventricular surface of the area postrema and the adjacent area subpostrema in the rabbit brain]. AB - The ependymal surface of the area postrema (rabitt) was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flattened ependymal cells show few microvilli. Towards the central canal, the ependymal cells change gradually to a columnar shape; the number of microvilli increases concomitantly. The area postrema ependymal cell surface mostly bears a single cilia. In contrast, a region immediately adjacent to the area postrema, which has been named area subpostrema (Gwyn and Wolstencroft 1968), shows cilia arranged in bunches. These cilia are regularly covered with colloid -- like droplets. A period-acid-bisulfit aldehydthionine method (Specht 1970) permits to identify these droplets with glyproteids.it has been suggested that the droplets might derive from the area subpostrema ependymal cells. Above the ependymal surface of the area postrema, a great number of fine unmyelinated neuronal processes and thicker processes are observed. Some of them show bulb-like endings. These terminals contain small vesicles, dense cored vesicles (400...800 A), and mitochondria which are mostly characterized by a single central prismatic tubule. The plasmalemma of some bulbs is in a synaptic contact with the apical plasmalemma of the ependyma, while other bulbs see to end freely in the ventricle. Some neuronal processes penetrate between ependymal cells of the area postrema into the ventricular lumen. PMID- 1224765 TI - On the origin, development and probable functions of taste bud in the lip and bucco-pharyngeal epithelia of an Indian freshwater major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) in relation to food and feeding habits. AB - 1. Various developmental stages of taste bud have been observed in the fry, fingerling and adult of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). 2. The fries are zooplankton-feeders (carnivorous) and sight-feeders. Therefore, functional taste buds are absent in the lip and bucco-pharyngeal epithelia. Only formative stages of taste bud are present. Some epithelial cells aggregate together to form this structure which has no function in gustation. Moreover, the fires have low R. L. G. valle (0.71;..1.20) due to the carnivorous diet. 3. In the fingerling, the stages of elongation, differentiation and maturation of taste bund develop from the formative stage present in the fries in order to adjust to changed food and feeding habit. The value of R. L. G; (1.21...3.10) also increases. 4. Fully formed taste buds along with the stage of differentiation are found in the adult stage. The adult fish becomes herbivorous and bottom-feeder. Consequently, the value of R.L.G. 3.11...12) becomes highest in this stage. PMID- 1224764 TI - [Electron microscopic identification of spoon-like contacts in the oculomotor nerve of the trout]. AB - In the nc. n. oculomotorii of the trout exist different types of axonal terminals of second order vestibular neurons. In semithin sections there are observed seldom very large end-knobs (calyciferous endings). Electron microscopic pictures of the same terminal show typical spoon-like endings. A random sample like analysis of the mitochondrial density refers to functional differences between the different types of endings. A intramitochondrial cristaline inclusion in the axoplasma of a neuron is shown. PMID- 1224766 TI - [Fine structural study of keratinization of the filiform papillae in the tongue in humans]. AB - The fine structure of the keratinization of the papilla filiformis of the human tongue was described for the first time; Two biopsies of normal tongue tissue were fixed in 2,5% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% osmiumtetroxyde, embedded in Durcopan und contrasted ultrathin sections were examined by electron microscopes JEM 7A and 100B. The findings show a highly configurated epithel-connective tissue border with basal lamina and irregular hemidesmosomes. The epithelial structure of the interpapillary area is identical with the fine structure of the human buccal mucosa, which was classified as non keratinized or incompletely keratinized. Accordingly, a stratum granulosum is missing. After loss of nucleus and organelles, surface cells become flattened, parallel to the surface of the tongue and have a fine fibrillar cytoplasm. The papilla filiformis is formed by cell growth along the secondary connective tissue papillae and consequently tube-like epithelial structures appear. In the papillary area basal and stratum spinosum cells show epidermal structural features. A difference from epidermal and other oral epithelial cells becomes apparent for the first time in the stratum granulosum by the appearance of a great number of round, small, electron-dense KHG, surrounded by ribosomes. The KHG are not associated with tonofilaments. In the area of the walls of the tubes 1...3 mum large, electron-dense structures are formed by fusion of several KHG. With further differentiation these large KHG disintegrate into bulky or granular masses, filling the cell cytoplasm and thus mask the tonofilaments. The cells at the borders of the tubes show a great structural variability. After the disintegration of nucleus and organelles, the cytoplasm is formed by randomly oriented filaments of different packing or by fiber-bundles. Yet the interfibrilla embedding substance, typical of orthokeratinization is mostly lackingmin some cells of the tubeborders, masses of disintegrated KHG substance are masking the fibrillar cell cytoplasm. In other areas, where the KHG do not increase by fusion, intense fibrillar packing and abrupt keratinization becomes apparent. At the rim of the tube fully keratinized epithelial threads are regularly found. These are lacking at the bottom of the tubes. All surface areas show a strong tendency towards desquamation. Thus a more or less wide surface plaque is formed on the tongue, consisting of desquamated and disintegrated surface cells and of bacterial. Groups of little differentiated basal cells, which can be considered as the initial material for an accelerated regeneration, can be evaluated as a truly remarkable finding. This accelerated regeneration might be due to an increased wear of the inclompletely keratinized cells of the bulk of the papilla filiformis of the human tongue. Based on the findings of this study, an attempt was made, to explain the pathological reactions of human tongue epithelium in various systemic diseases. PMID- 1224767 TI - [The postnatal development of capillaries in the triceps muscle of arm of the white rat. Light and electron microscopic studies]. AB - This paper continues former ultrastructural investigations about fetal development of capillaries in the muscle anlage of the fore limb of white rats. Present investigations deal with postnatal ultrastructural changes of the capillaries of the triceps muscle of rats from the 4th up to the 23rd day p.p. Counting of the capillaries with light and electron microscope reveal a linear increase of the capillary to fiber ratio in this period proportional to the growth of the muscle. Related to a defined area however the number of capillaries remains constantly. Ultrastructural changes of capillaries consist in further flattening of the endothelial profiles, decrease in number or organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), while the number of pinocytotic vesicles remains highmthe endothelial joints become less interdigitated, the basement membrane shows an increase in density leading to a temporary decrease in thickness. Since the 9th postnatal day all of the capillaries including buds closely border upon the muscle fibres. The distance between endothelium and myofiber diminishes up to 0,1 mum. PMID- 1224768 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies of slowly adapting abdominal stretch receptors of the American river crayfish Orconectes limosus (RAF)]. AB - The slowly adapting abdominal stretch receptors of Orconectes limosus (RAF) have been investigated morphologically; 1. Despite their variety of size and shape all slowly adapting receptor neurons show common characteristic features which in addition distinguish them clearly from the fast adapting receptor neuron type SN2. The slightly globular cells have always several dendrites (often 4-6). They originate apical or lateral to the neuron, are oriented mainly longitudinal to the muscle fibres and are brodly ramified. The fine dendrites form a 3 dimensional fibrilar network. 2. The structure and distribution of the connective tissue in the "intertendon" of the muscle receptor organ correspond to the dendrite ramification; In this area, some muscle fibres end direktly at tendon like connective tissue structures, but a number of different fibres run uninerruptedly through the whole muscular fascicle. 3. The perikaryon of every sensory neuron shows 2 "cytoplasm types" which are clearly distinguishable one against the other. A characteristic feature of the granular-lamellar neuroplasm that closely surrounds the nucleus are many flat vesicles of the granular endoplasmatic reticulum, accumulations of free ribosomes, numerous mitochondria and Golgi fields. The fibril-rich neuroplasm on the contrary contains only few mitochondria, but very many neurofilaments, here and there also neurotubuli. It projects directly into the dendrites and neuritek. Cell bodies, axon and dendrites are surrounded alternatingly by sheath cells and connective tissue of collagenous nature. The innermost layer of the coat cells borders directly on the neuron membrane. Finer dendrites are enclosed by nothing more but a thin layer of sheath cell plasm and intercellular substance. The dendrite terminals are either stored directly in connective tissue ground substance or border immediately on the sarcoplasm. 5. The axo-dendritic or axo-somatic synapses, respectively, contain numerous ellipsoidal (250-350 X 400-500 A), but also many spherical, vesicles. Some vesicles have a slightly larger diameter (700-900 A) and contain an electron-dense core. The synaptic gap measures 150 to 200 A. The neuromuscular (supposedly excitatory) synapses are filled much lighter with vesicles as compared with those just mentioned, which show a relatively unique form and size (nearly all spherical, phi 400-500 A). There are less vesicles with an electron dense centre. On the average, the synaptic gap is broader (200-250 A) and the contact zone is larger. Apart from these, terminals could be observed in the dendritic ramification area, too, resembling the axo-dendritic and axo-somatic ones, respectively. 6. Finer dendrite branches contain vesicles differing slightly from those mentioned above as far as shape and size are concerned. Their diameters vary between 500 and 1 000 A. "Dense bodies" could be observed sporadically in these vesicles. PMID- 1224769 TI - [Histological and histochemical studies of the kidney of stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. I. Morphological changes of the kidney epithelial cells during the spawning period]. AB - 1; The tubule of kidney of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. consists of four histologically different regions: Proximal tubule I and III, connection segment and collecting tubule. 2. All of tubule segments inclusively the urinary duct out of the proximal tubule I are showing synthesis of secretion. 3. There are producing two various secretion in two distinct species of cells. From the cells of proximal tubule II are secreted and extruded a granular secretion and from the cells of abducted urinary ducts (connection segment, collecting duct and urinary duct) a hyalo-mucous secretion. 4. During the breeding season the morphological variationes were divided into three stadiums, the stadium of differentiation, of producing of secretion and of reproduction. In second stadium were differenced three phases, in particular characterizing by rhythmical variationes of nucleus structure and synthesis of secretion as extrustion. 5. There are discussing the parallels to synthesis of secretion in glandular cells. PMID- 1224770 TI - Studies of the fossil dinosaur bone in the scanning electron microscope. AB - A fossil dinosaur bone, 80 million years old, was subjected to investigation in the scanning microscope. The bone surfaces to be examined were prepared with appropritely modified methods used in the technique of replication in transmission electron microscopy. In the scanning microscope pictures of vascular canals were obtained. The walls of these canals were shown to be formed of collagen fibrils. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the internal surface of the canal wall is made up of bundles of collagen fibrils which run obliquely, corkscrewwise, and in the form of plexus to the long axis of tke canal; Besides, osteocytes of the dinosaur bone were isolated and pictures of their spatial structure together with characteristic points of departure of processes from the cell body were obtained. PMID- 1224771 TI - Three successive ruptured tubal pregnancies. AB - A case of three successive ruptured tubal pregnancies in the same patient is described. This is a rare occurrence. A review of the literature on the conservative approach in the surgical management of tubal pregnancy, is given. PMID- 1224772 TI - Classification and treatment of loss of conductive hearing. AB - During the last decade numerous advances have been made in otolaryngology. The decade has also seen a number of modifications in diagnosis and therapeutic techniques. The most important advances were in the fields of otology and audiology. Therapeutically the treatment of deafness has seen the greatest advances. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound cannot reach the cochlea. The blockage may be due to abnormality in the canal, the eardrum or the osicles, including the footplate of the stapes. Lesions central to the footplate produce perceptive hearing loss. PMID- 1224773 TI - Modification to the conventional wheel for measuring the range of movements of the shoulder joint. AB - A simple modification to the conventional shoulder wheel is suggested. This would enable both the therapist and the patient to make an objective assessment of the range of movement taking place in a painful and stiff shoulder joint. The most common factors in producing an error in the evaluation of range of movement are trunk movement and shoulder elevation. This modification would help to avoid them. It is cheap and easy to manufacture. PMID- 1224774 TI - Editorial: Single dose treatment of gonorrhoea. PMID- 1224775 TI - Human infection with the cestode hymenolepis diminuta. Rudulphi, 1819; Blanchard, 1891. PMID- 1224776 TI - Bilharzia in industry--effect on productivity in a Kitwe foundry. PMID- 1224778 TI - Editorial: Severe anaemia in pregnancy in the tropics. PMID- 1224777 TI - Hydronephrosis in a series of 3,400 post-mortem examinations in Zambia, with special reference to Bilharharzia. AB - An analysis of forty-two cases of hydronephrosis occurring in a series of 3,400 post mortem examinations (1.2%) shows that bilharzia could not be regarded as a cause of death in any of them. This is evident in thirty of the cases, since bilharzial lesions were not present in these. In the other twelve cases in which bilharzial lesions were present major obstructive diseases (carcinoma of bladder, prostatic obstruction) sufficiently accounted for the hydronephrosis in six cases. This leaves six cases, none of them severe, in which bilharziasis might have played a part, though other causes such as congenital ureteric constrictions cannot be excluded: This type of lesion was present to the same extent in the non bilharzial as in the bilharzial group of hydronephrosis. It may be concluded that in Zambia at any rate bilharzia does not seriously contribute to advanced hydronephrosis, but may be responsible for some mild, symptomless forms of the disease. PMID- 1224779 TI - Snail intermediate hosts and the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Lusaka, Zambia. PMID- 1224780 TI - Secondary lesions of the nervous system in some infectious and toxic--allergic conditions in Zambia. AB - A number of toxic or toxic-allergic manifestations were discovered on careful examination of patients admitted in Chipata General Hospital with infective or febrile illnesses. A total of 111 patients were found to present with various forms of radiculities which resolved on treatment of the primary condition. PMID- 1224781 TI - Experience with anal stretch in treatment of piles. AB - Fifty patients in two groups of twenty-five were treated with anal stretch and standard haemorrhoidectomy operation. Thy were followed up for six months. Anal stretch patients had less pain and post operative stay in hospital was minimal (3 days). They also returned to work much earlier. No complications occured in either group. It is felt that the anal stretch method is the preferable of the two. PMID- 1224782 TI - Effect of oral therapy for treatment and prophylaxis of anaemia of pregnancy in an urban Zambian population. AB - The effect of iron and folic acid tablets supplied antenatally was studied in 77 urban Zambian patients with haemoglobin levels of 70% (10.2 grams) or over at first visit. No significant difference was found between treated and untreated groups. A haemoglobin level of 80% (10.2 grams) or over at first visit was found to be no guide to the likelihood of anaemia at term. The practice of providing treatment for these patients on the basis of the haemoglobin level at first visit is of doubtful value. PMID- 1224783 TI - Thyroid parameters in iodine deficiency. AB - Thyroid Plasma Clearance and Free Thyroxine Index were compared in 20 Zambians with iodine deficiency with 12 Zambians and 10 expatriates without iodine deficiency. Mean clearance was similar in the non-deficient groups (19 and 22 ml/min.) but much higher (123 ml/min.) in the deficient group. Mean Free Thyroxine Index was similar in the non-deficient groups (11.2 and 10.3) but significantly lower (8.2) in the deficient group. A relationship between iodine deficiency and low income was seen. No racial difference was apparent. PMID- 1224784 TI - Effectiveness of shortwave diathermy and ultrasound in the treatment of osteo arthritis of the knee joint. AB - Treatment of 100 consecutive knee joints affected with osteoarthritis with shortwave diathermy and ultrasound showed that the latter was somewhat the more effective of the two methods. PMID- 1224785 TI - [The systematic screening of cardiovascular diseases and of their risk factors in a professional collectivity; results and prospects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224787 TI - [Epidemiology and check-ups (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224786 TI - [Mercury in dental offices: a professional hazard (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224788 TI - [Proteins in honey. I. Separation and concentration of proteins in honey (author's transl)]. AB - Several methods for the separation and concentration of high-molecular constituents of honey were tested. Among these, ultrafiltration in stirred cells was the method of choice. The separation and enrichment of high-molecular constituents of honey is described. PMID- 1224789 TI - The effect of inorganic salts and some biologically important compounds on the incorporation of 1-14C acetate into aflatoxins by resting mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - Zn++, Mg++, and Mn++ ions at certain concentrations, stimulated the incorporation of [1-14C] acetate-into aflatoxins by resting mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus suspended in tris-HCl buffer of pH 7.2. Ba++ gave consistant stimulation over a wide range of concentrations. Ethanol markedly inhibited the incorporation. Of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, citric acid gave the maximum stimulation. PMID- 1224790 TI - [Analysis of a synthetic onion aroma (author's transl)]. AB - A complex mixture of compounds possessing an intensive aroma of onions is obtained, when propionaldehyde, propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde are treated with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Dihydrodithiazines, diethyltrithiolane, diethyl methyl-1,3-dithiine and in small quantities diethyltetrathiane, dimethylthiophene, dipropyldisulfide, dipropenylsulfide, alkylpyridines, and the condensation products of aldehydes can be proved by the GC-MS-technic. The compositions of the synthetic onion aroma corresponds slightly with the composition of the natural onion aroma. PMID- 1224791 TI - [GLC-mass-spectrometrical investigation of volatile constituents of wine. IV. Identification of secondary amides in wines (author's transl)w]. AB - Aroma extracts obtained by liquid-liquid extraction of wines from various sorts have been fractioned employing column-chromatography and using silicagel as adsorbent. In the polar methanol-elutions the following secondary amindes have been gaschromatographically separated and identified by means of a mass spectrometer: N-ethyl-acetamide, N-isobutyl-acetamide, N-(2-methylbutyl) acetamide, N-(3-methylbutyl)-acetamide, N-(3-[methylthio]-propyl)-acetamide, and N-(2-phenylethyl)-acetamide. Moreover the sulphur containing compound has been identified by means of an attached flame photometric detector. The different possibilities of the formation of the secondary amides during the fermentation process are discussed. PMID- 1224792 TI - [Proteins in honey. II. Gel-chromatography, enzymatic acitivity and origin of honey-proteins (author's transl)]. AB - The honey proteins were separated into five distinct peaks by freezing and thawing and subsequent chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The enzymatic activities were always located in the same peaks and clearly separated. The elution curves of the individual honeys were very similar. No significant differences were observed neither among floral honeys not between floral and honeydew honeys. The determination of the elution coefficients, however, showed that three of the five peaks originate in the bee the other two in the plant. PMID- 1224793 TI - [Simultaneous, gas-chromatographic determination of ethyleneoxide, ethylenechlorohydrine and ethyleneglycol in grain (author's transl)]. AB - The not comminuted grain (10 g) is extracted for 24 hrs (25 degrees C) with 5 ml methanol (shaking machine), then the fluid phase is separated by centrifugal filtration and directly injected into the GC (10 mu). The GC starting temperature (60 degrees C) is adjusted by cooling the oven with Co2. Yield: EO 73% (concentr. range 25 ppm); ECH 93% (concentr. r. 50 ppm); EG 99% (conc. r. 50 ppm). Standard deviation: EO s = +/- 1,70 ppm (N = 24, conc. r. 10 ppm), ECH s = +/- 1,15 ppm (N = 24, conc. r. 20--30 ppm), EG s = +/- 0,62 ppm, (conc. r. 15--30 ppm, N = 24). PMID- 1224794 TI - [On the nonexistence of propionic acid in various kinds of breeds (author's transl)]. AB - Analyses of 45 samples of sour dough and various kinds of bread have shown that no appreciable amounts of propionic acid are formed during sour dough fermentation. Bread has no natural propionic acid content. PMID- 1224795 TI - [On the phenolic acids of vegetables. II. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of fruit and seed vegetables (author's transl)]. AB - Fruits of solanaceae (tomatoes, eggplant, and sweet peppers) almost exclusively contain hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with caffeic acid dominating. Fruits of cucurbitaceae (cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and zucchini) are extraordinary, because they show very low concentrations of phenolic acids (up to 10 mg/kg) accumulated in the peels. Peas and broad beans have relatively small contents of phenolic acids too. Their husks show like beans considerable concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with dominating p-coumaric acid. In the group of hydroxybenzoic acids derivatives of salicylic, gentisic and vanillic acid could be determined frequently, but mostly as traces. PMID- 1224796 TI - [On the phenolic acids of vegetables. III. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of root vegetables (author's transl)]. AB - In carrots, celeriac, scorzoneras, and horse radish caffeic acid, in small radishes p-coumaric acid, in beets ferulic acid and in radishes probably ferulic acid is dominating after hydrolysis. The contents of phenolic acids in the roots are much smaller than in the corresponding leaves. Carrots, small radishes, horse radish and partially scorzoneras show higher concentrations of phenolic acids in outer tissue layers. In contrary to hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives the contents of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, salicylic and gentisic acid) mostly were small. Partially hydroxycoumarins (aesculetin and scopoletin) identified. PMID- 1224797 TI - [On the phenolic acids of vegetables. IV. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of vegetables and potatoes (author's transl)]. AB - Lettuce, endive and chicory exclusively, cornsalad and sweet fennel almost exclusively contain caffeic acid derivatives beside traces of ferulic acid. Parsley exclusively and spinach almost exclusively show p-coumaric acid derivatives. Compared to root, fruit and seed vegetables the contents of phenolic acids in green leaves are considerably high. Rhubarb is the only vegetable, which contains gallic acid (chief phenolic acid) beside hydroxycinnamic, protocatechuic and vanillic acid derivatives. Furthermore hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (salicylic, gentisic and vanillic acid) occur in cornsalad, sweet fennel, parsley and spinach in small concentrations; cornsalad shows p-hydroxybenzoic acid (ca. 20 mg/kg). Onions (Allium cepa) contain almost only protocatechuic acid beside small amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acid. In the outer dry coloured skins protocatechuic acid reaches concentrations up to 2% of plant material; the internal pulpy tissues show lower concentrations (ca. 20 mg/kg). On the contrary to the bulbs the green leaves of onions like chive and leek contain almost exclusively compounds of ferulic and p-coumaric acid. Garlic even shows a different phenolic acid pattern of skins and internal tissues. The caffeic acid derivatives of potatoes are mainly localized to a 1--2 mm thick outer layer. The different localization of phenolic acids in the different parts of vegetable plants is discussed. PMID- 1224798 TI - [Flavonols and flavones of vegetables. V. Flavonols and flavones of root vegetables (author's transl)]. AB - Root vegetables contain flavon(ol) glycosides in tracers up to small amounts, while the level of their leaves are in part considerable (to more than 1 g/kg, calculated as aglycon). Radish, rutabagas, scorzoneras, and beets contain less than 1 mg/kg kaempferol and/or quercetin; carrots less than 1 mg/kg apigenin and luteolin; celery roots ca. 75 mg apigenin/kg and 14 mg luteolin/kg; horseradish about 20 mg kaempferol/kg and small radish 1-10 mg kaempferol/kg, whereby all these flavones and flavonols occur as glycosides in the vegetables. In leaves of small radish, variety "Eiszapfen", we found besides isoquercitrin (quercetin-3 glucoside) a quercetin-3-0-diglycoside and a kaempferol-0-diglycoside, both with the sugars rhamnose and arabinose, by tlc. PMID- 1224799 TI - [Investigations of fat-quality of maize with special consideration of linoleic acid contents (author's transl)]. AB - In the past years the cultivation of maize in the Federal Republic of Germany has been intensified, and with the processing of localy bred maize a production of maize germ oil from German varieties could be expected. In order to maintain certain essential points about the amplitude of variations in the specimen of fatty acids in the localy bred maize, a greater number of maize samples from cultural practice trials (varieties, locations and fertilizer) were taken for the year 1971 and 1972 and their fatty acid composition was analysed. The following results were obtained: 1. Comparared to maize of foreign origin, processed in the Federal Republic of Germany, in most cases the localy bred, has higher contents of linoleic acid and lower contents of oleic acid. Thus the linoleic acid contents of the Germany maize varies between 54.3 and 68.8% while the foreign maize varies between 39.5 and 58.7%. 2. Great differences in quality exist between the local genotypes (varieties). Also clear, but not so great differences are induced by ecological factors, as locations, weather and nutrient supply. The differences of local environment in the linoleic acid content in case of variety "Inrakorn" varies between 60.8 and 64.5%. PMID- 1224800 TI - [Investigation on fat-quality of embryo, endosperm and crush fractions of maize kernel (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations were conducted on the composition of fatty acids in the fat of the embryo, the endosperm and several crush fractions of the maize kernel. The following results were obtained: 1. The embryo fat contained relatively lower contents of palmitin-, stearin- and linolenic acid, on the other hand higher contents of oleic- and linoleic acid in comparism to endosperm fat. 2. This result was identical to each one of the seven varieties examined. 3. The examined varieties presented clear differences both in the absolute contents of single fatty acids in the embryo and in the endosperm, as well as in the relationship between the components in the germ and in the endosperm. 4. The differences observed between the germ- and the endosperm fat in the crush fractions in some cases were clearly visible, while in other cases were not traceable. PMID- 1224801 TI - Formation of malonaldehyde in frozen baltic herring and its influence on the changes in proteins. AB - The relationship between the malonaldehyde formed as oxidation product of lipids, and changes of proteins in frozen Baltic herring (Clupea harengus var. membranus) was studied. Changes occurred in the muscle proteins due to freezing, so that water-binding capacity, solubility, and the amount of free epsilon-amino groups in these proteins decreased. A close relationship was found between the amount of malonaldehyde and changes of proteins in the different phases of storage. The reaction of malonaldehyde with the free amino groups of the proteins may be one of the factors on which the changes of proteins during frozen storage are based. PMID- 1224802 TI - Nonenzymic browning. XIV. Reaction of phospholipids with 1,4-benzoquinone. AB - Phosphatidylethanolamine reacts with 1,4-benzoquinone with the formation of a red unstable intermediary product consisting of one phosphatidylethanolamine residue and one 1,4-benzoquinone residue. The secondary reaction products are purple, violet, and reddish brown. Consequently, the absorption maximum shifts from 430 nm to 490 nm during the reaction. Finally, brown macromolecular end-products are formed. Phospholipids derived from choline, such as phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, contribute only a little to the browning reactions, in comparison with phospholipids containing a primary amino-group (phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine). The browning of a natural mixture of egg phospholipids depends on the content of derivatives containing a primary amino-group. PMID- 1224803 TI - [Studies on tea. I. Contents of mercury, lead, and cadmium in tea leaves and tea decoctions (author's transl)]. AB - In a survey on 25 teas from different countries for toxic trace elements the concentration of lead was found to be up to 3.08 ppm. of Cadmium up to 0.012 ppm, and of Mercury up to 3.0 ppm, respectively. The actual concentration in the tea decoction is much lower as in the tea leaves, for lead up to 0.02 ppm and for Cadmium below the sensitivity of the method. It was recommended to set the tolerable values for these elements in the tea leaf higher as recommended for the direct consumed foodstuffs or to consider the final concentration in the tea decoction only. PMID- 1224804 TI - [On the occurrence of derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and hydroxycoumarins in citrus fruits (author's transl)]. AB - Oranges, grapefruits and lemons contained p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid in bound form in concentrations of 10-100 mg/kg, whereby p coumaric acid is localized chiefly in the peel. Hydroxybenzoic acids, chiefly salicylic acid and gentisic acid, and hydroxycoumarins were only found in traces. PMID- 1224805 TI - [Cytology and histochemistry of synovial cells in various forms of arthritis]. AB - Synovial effusions from various kinds of arthritis have been examined both morphologically and histochemically. These two methods give complementary evidence, and show (i) that there are two fundamentally different types of cell present in rheumatoid arthritis (ii) that the synovial fluid from septic arthritis can clearly be separated from that of all other forms of arthritis and (iii) that intracellular crystals can be demonstrated in gout. Laboratory methods also give information on the polysaccharide and fat content of synovial fluid, in particular on the lipid material in the cell free supernatant. Large mononuclears in the fluid are probably generated in the local tissue and reflect minimal differentiation from a basic cell type. PMID- 1224806 TI - [Pulmonary function and rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Pulmonary ventilation was studied on 100 rheumatoid arthritics from a medical outpatient clinic, using wholebody plethysmography, spirography, and pneumometry. Findings were normal in 2/3 of the patients; reduced lung capacity was found in only 3-6%. Thus it is doubtful that significant restriction of ventilation is present in chronic polyarthritis. Nevertheless, 1/4 of all rheumatoid arthritis patients have bronchial obstruction with resulting pulmonary emphysema. Whether or not the incidence of respiratory passage obstruction is directly associated with the underlying rheumatoid disease must await further study. PMID- 1224807 TI - 3 cases of osteopoikilosis. PMID- 1224809 TI - Desoxyribonuclease activity in the serum and spleen of rats with mycoplasma induced arthritis. AB - The endodesoxyribonuclease and exodesoxyribonuclease activities were measured in the spleen cytoplasma fraction and serum of rats with mycoplasma induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis. A higher exonuclease activity was found in the spleen cytoplasma of adjuvant arthritis rats. During the regression of mycoplasma arthritis an increased activity of exonuclease was detected in the serum, but in the acute stage of inflammation the exonuclease activity was similar to the control values. A higher endonuclease activity was found in the spleen cytoplasma fraction of rats with mycoplasma arthritis. The possible origin of the endonuclease and its role in arthritis are discussed. PMID- 1224808 TI - [Diagnostic-therapeutic problems on heart involvement in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - 200 in-patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined with regard to the diagnostic criteria for early recognition of rheumatoid heart involvement. 75 patients showed some evidence (37.5%). The criteria are: subjectively, reduced general state, feeling of oppression, disproportional tachycardia and dyspnea: objectively, changes in the electrocardiogram (tachycardia, T-inversions sometimes resembling to infarct pictures, disturbances of repolarization, extrasystoles and AV blocks). The severity of the change may alter rapidly. Severe myocarditides may manifest as heart failure and dilatation of rapid onset. For prognostic and therapeutic reasons the recognition of a heart involvement, despite these often minimal appearances, is important. It is remarkable that there was no correlation between the activity of rheumatoid process, the titre of rheumatoid factor, and the degree of heart involvement. Age and age of onset, duration of disease and sex also showed no correlation with rheumatoid heart involvement. PMID- 1224810 TI - [Changes of Cu status and ceruloplasmin activity in mother and suckling rats during a gradual increase of copper supply]. PMID- 1224811 TI - [Morphology and physiology of perirenal fatty tissue in the calf and the influence of the surrounding temperature on its function. I. Introduction, problem definition, description of animal experiments]. PMID- 1224812 TI - [Morphology and physiology of the perirenal fatty tissue in the calf and the influence of the surrounding temperature of its function. 2. Methodology and experimental results (Experiments I and II)]. PMID- 1224813 TI - [Quality characteristics of the green alga Scenedesmus acutus as studied on pigs and broiling chickens]. PMID- 1224814 TI - [Mineral substitution and supplementation in small ruminants during the growth phase. I. Effect of Ca and P concentrations in feed on growth, skeletal development and ossification]. PMID- 1224815 TI - [Influence of increasing tapioca supplements on nitrogen metabolism in wethers]. PMID- 1224816 TI - [A different interpretation of the Oedipus complex]. AB - Is mans fate irrevocable predetermined or have we a certain amout of free will? We assume, that although restricted by his own developed character, and given circumstances, man has a choice and is capable to influence his destiny. According to Freud our actions and behaviour are often unconsciously motivated and frequently incomprehensible for ourselves. They are then independent of our "will" and capacity of decision--making. Freud observes rightly the ambivalence of seelings between father and son, mother and daughter and regards this as the essential factor for the character-formation of the developing child. However his interpretation that these feelings are always based on libidinous wishes and jealousy seems to the author too farfetched and not fully proved in all cases. In the author's opinion the basic problem of life must be an insolvable one and that is the problem of death. Seen from the father's point of view, the son, on one hand represents the only solution for continuation of his life, the only possibility of victory over death, on the other hand however, he will substitute him one day, make him superfluous and eventually take his place. A similar process takes place between mother and daughter who on one hand would like to enjoy the beauty and success of her daughter (whom she regards as her biological continuation)--by whom however she feels as well pushed aside and made older on the other hand. The Problem, how to vanquish death and the wish for continuation of our existance, the resistance against extinction and replacement by someone else, is of fundamental and inescapable importance. If we understand this, we will find a more profound explicaiton of ambivalent feelings between parents and children. The aim of human development should be, to find the right way, how to satisfy our justified urges in accepting the limits of our capacities and possibilities within the framework of reality.--In doing so, our creative capabilities and our desires for change and progress should not be inhibited. The acceptance of our Self, of the reality of life and of our limitations includes however also the acceptance of death. This inside therefore will have its positive effect also on the development of the ambivalent feelings between parents and children, which we could handle better, if we know and understand their meaning. PMID- 1224817 TI - [Chronic psychogenic urinary retention]. AB - Complete and persistent urinary retention of psychogenic origin, a syndrome standing between conversion reactions and the group of psychophysiological visceral disorders, remained an object of contradictory dispute in regard to its frequency and pathogenesis. Curiously enough, compared with other functional symptomatology, somehow this disturbance has been neglected in literature until now. Urologists, surgeons, and internists have more difficulties than psychiatrists to find out that distinct emotional conflicts and especially unsatisfactory sexual adjustment might have contributed to the development of recurrent or chronic urinary retention which they vainly tried to explain by organic findings. Of course the fact that extensive medical evaluations or even surgical procedures revealed no abnormality except the stout urinary bladder never is suifficient to qualify for "hysterical disease". Every diagnosis has to be established on positive grounds. Hypothetic explanations of mysterious syndromes by supposing more "microscopic" and thus undetected morphological deficiencies and changes as the crucial cause of a disease never should become the protective trick by which a physician avoids confrontation with his patients' psychological problems. PMID- 1224818 TI - [Phobia or fear in rural communities]. AB - In the following paper an attempt is made to demonstrate by means of phobia that neurotic subjective experience can only be understood in its social environment. Patients with phobic symptoms far more frequently come from rural communities and small towns, i.e. from towns which have a ruraltype structure. To support this thesis, empirical-statistical results based on surveys at the Medicopsychological Advice Centre for Students at the University of Gottingen are cited. Further, it is shown that a meaningful integration of this statistical data with psychodynamic and sociological findings is possible. The resulting explanatory model illustrates the attempt to make as comprehensive a statement as possible about the structure of the phobia and its cohesion to social mechanisms. The phobia is not only interpreted as an intrapsychic occurence, but at the same time the boundaries to the respective social conditions are also demonstrated and reference is made to the parallelism of social-historical development and corresponding psychic structure. PMID- 1224819 TI - [Healing of bone defects following removal of osteosynthesis screws]. PMID- 1224820 TI - [Origin of chondromalacia patellae due to a single injury]. PMID- 1224821 TI - [Treatment of post-traumatic arthroses of the hip joint]. PMID- 1224823 TI - [Post-traumatic arthroses of the ankle and foot joints. Therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 1224822 TI - [Femoropatellar arthrosis following surgically treated patella fractures]. PMID- 1224824 TI - [Late results after talus fractures]. PMID- 1224825 TI - [Significance of post-traumatic arthrosis for insurance medicine]. PMID- 1224826 TI - [Role of static corrections using the correct interpretation of the calcanal axis]. PMID- 1224827 TI - [Question of post-traumatic formation of para-articular bone cysts]. PMID- 1224828 TI - [Hip arthrodeses. Experiences with 50 cases from the years 1962-1972]. PMID- 1224829 TI - [Experiences with skull and brain injury patients. Course and late sequelae based on 153 cases with disability compensation of brain contusions and intracranial, extracerebral hematomas in 1967]. PMID- 1224831 TI - [Influence of the measuring technic on the results of blood pressure studies in rats]. PMID- 1224832 TI - [Hereditary infertility in male white Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus Milne Edwards 1867)]. PMID- 1224830 TI - [Model infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in the mouse]. PMID- 1224833 TI - [Spontaneous tumors in a strain of NMRI mice]. PMID- 1224834 TI - [Blood-sugar values in laboratory mice under constant maintenance conditions]. PMID- 1224835 TI - Pharmacological investigations on the cardiovascular system of the anesthetized mink (Mustela vison). PMID- 1224836 TI - [Determination of serum transaminase in laboratory animals using the chamber paper-analysis technic (KAPA)]. PMID- 1224838 TI - [Teaching of the basic principles of polyclinical dispensarization of children during pediatric subinternship]. PMID- 1224837 TI - The influence of 18 and 22 percent dietary protein on the weight of weaned rats. PMID- 1224839 TI - [Characteristics of subprofessional medical personnel of Moscow]. PMID- 1224840 TI - [Complex health survey of the inhabitants of the Nogai territory]. PMID- 1224841 TI - [Economic evaluation of morbidity with temporary disability]. PMID- 1224842 TI - [Dynamics of physical development of school girls in Moscow]. PMID- 1224843 TI - [Factors predisposing to alcohol abuse and the development of alcoholism]. PMID- 1224844 TI - [Improvement of qualifications of physician-practitioners at a medical institute]. PMID- 1224845 TI - [Child health services in Cuba]. PMID- 1224846 TI - [Components of work culture of a therapeutic-preventive institution]. PMID- 1224847 TI - [Organization of traumatological service to patients in the state of alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 1224848 TI - [Ethical obligation and educational function of Soviet physician]. PMID- 1224849 TI - [Communist indoctrination of medical students]. PMID- 1224850 TI - [Certain characteristics of the organization of rural health and means of improvement of its administration]. PMID- 1224851 TI - [Physiological-hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of different forms of the organization of the weekly educational program at the university]. PMID- 1224852 TI - [Training of physicians in oncology]. PMID- 1224853 TI - [Organization of systematic preventive dental care for children in the city of Grozny]. PMID- 1224854 TI - [Role of scientific societies in the improvement of professional qualifications of physicians (from the experience of the Moscow district)]. PMID- 1224855 TI - [Introduction to the Industrial Safety Act]. PMID- 1224856 TI - [Experts--science and practice--hazards]. PMID- 1224857 TI - [Industrial medicine monitoring in a metallurgical plant using electronic data processing]. PMID- 1224858 TI - [Blood changes following long-term exposure to nitrose gases]. PMID- 1224859 TI - [Indications for the surgical management of impression fractures of the skull]. PMID- 1224860 TI - [Clinical picture of cranial osteomyelitis]. PMID- 1224861 TI - [Results after surgical management of hand fractures]. PMID- 1224862 TI - [Stability problems in osteosynthesis of peritrochanteric thigh fractures]. PMID- 1224863 TI - [Neuroradiologic diagnosis of basal tumors of the middle cranial foram]. AB - Analysis of the neuroradiological diagnostics of 6 patients with hemi-basis syndrome. The significance of the different neuroradiological methods of examination are worked out, as well as their intended application, which is dependent on the clinical findings. Conclusions are drawn on the rapid and rational diagnostics. PMID- 1224864 TI - Intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - 10 patients with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage underwent a continuous ventricular fluid pressure recording for at least 22 hours, 21-67 days after the first subarachnoid haemorrhage. 3 patients had normal pressures; 4 patients had pressures somewhat above normal, between 10 and 20 mmHg; three patients had rather a high pressure, with a mean above 20 mmHg and peaks to 45 mmHg. 5 patients had a shunt operation, which seemed to improve the patient's condition in 3 instances; a sixth patient improved during ventricular drainage, but suffered a fatal haemorrhage before a shunt could be inserted. Of those 3 patients who improved after a shunt, 2 had a ventricular fluid pressure somewhat above normal (see Fig. 2) and one a high pressure. Of the 2 patients that did not improve in spite of a well-functioning shunt, one had a pressure somewhat above normal (Fig. I) and one high pressure (Fig. 3). 4 patients did not have a shunt operation; in 3 of these the pressure appeared to be within normal limits, and one patient, though the pressure was somewhat above normal, was in such a good conditon that no operation was thought necessary. One of the patients with normal pressure has spent 12 months in a mental hospital; the others recovered reasonably well, though only one has returned to work. From this small series it seems that a pressure recording cannot predict how the patient is going to become with a shunt; but the recording may help to sortout those with normal pressure, who are not likely to require a shunt, particularly as many complications are on record for shunts. In 2 instances, an aneurysmo re-bled after a high ventricular fluid pressure had been reduced, 40 and 38 days after the first subarachnoid haemorrhage; the risks inherent in changing the pressure conditions within the skull should be remembered. PMID- 1224865 TI - [The origin of intrasellar space-occupying cysts]. AB - One case is documented to verify that cystic hypophyseal tumours do not only stem from adenomas, craniopharyngeomas or as primary craniopharyngeal cysts from epithelial structures of the hypophyseal duct but may also originate from Rathke's cysts or Rathke's cavity. PMID- 1224866 TI - [Extracranial metastasis of meningeal tumors. Malignant meningioma with regional lymph node metastasis]. AB - Metastases of a meningioma occurred in a 45-year-old man 4 years after removal of a falx meningioma and 1 year after removal of a malignant relapse. They were situated in the cervical, nuchal, and supra-clavicular lymph nodes. The review of 63 cases of metastasising meningial tumours from the literature, shows that lymph nodes are the most frequent site of metastases after lung and liver. The spreading of the tumour into the regional lymph nodes requires a penetration of the primary tumour into the galea, where the tumour cells may reach the lymphatic system. According to the literature, lymph node metastases are caused by benign as often as by malignant meningiomas, the majority being cases who underwent operation. Discussed, are the different theories as to why intracranial tumours only rarely show extracranial metastases. PMID- 1224867 TI - [Frequency of metastases to the central nervous system of pleuramesotheliomas and lung carcinomas]. AB - Pleural mesotheliomas and bronchial carcinomas differ from each other regarding the incidence of their metastases in the central nervous system. With bronchial carcinomas in the present autopsy material, this amounted to 18%, whereas with pleural mesotheliomas, metastases were found in only 2,4% of the cases in the C.N.S. PMID- 1224869 TI - Incidence and evaluation of the microbial flora in the lungs of pigs with enzootic pneumonia. PMID- 1224868 TI - [Rupture of the internal carotid artery following blunt cranio-cerebral trauma]. AB - Report on an 18-year-old patient who died 6 hours after a blunt cerebro-cranial trauma due to a hemorrhage from the intracranial extradural part of the internal carotid artery. Autopsy revealed multiple fractures of the cranial basis, hemorrhages due to brain contusion and hemorrhages of the pons as well as a rupture of the wall of the right internal carotid artery within the fractured carotid canal. PMID- 1224870 TI - [Bovine dermatophilosis in Chile. Clinical, bacte iological and histopathological aspects]. PMID- 1224871 TI - [Behavior of precipitating substances from normal organs and cells in comparison with precipitating pancreas antigens in hog chlorea infested pigs]. PMID- 1224872 TI - [Comparative toxicity of chlororganic dienes of trichlorbutadiene derivatives in acute experiments]. PMID- 1224873 TI - [Morphological characteristics of tissue reaction to acetate thread in experimental studies]. PMID- 1224874 TI - [Relationship between posterior-thalamic group of nuclei, ventro-basal complex and somatosensory regions of the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 1224875 TI - [Effect of tobacco powder on the embryonal development of rats]. PMID- 1224876 TI - [Inhalation of oxyglucocycline in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 1224877 TI - [State of intramural neural apparatus of the vermiform process in "cecum mobile" syndrome]. PMID- 1224878 TI - [Certain errors in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 1224879 TI - [Characteristics of the course of acute alcoholic psychoses]. PMID- 1224880 TI - [Histology and histochemistry of connective tissue disorder at late periods after DNP immunization]. PMID- 1224881 TI - [Study of certain biochemical indicators of the saliva and their relation to dental caries susceptibility in sportsmen before and after physical exertion]. PMID- 1224882 TI - [Certain data on the study of persons with transverse palmar crease]. PMID- 1224883 TI - Autoperfused multi-organ preparations. II. Microcirculation in the autoperfused organs. AB - The microcirculation of 46 autoperfused heart-lung-liver-duodenum-pancreas-kidney preparations has been studied and the acid-base conditions were determined. The stability of the autoperfused organ preparation was not ensured by the "multi organ" arrangement, moreover the combination had a detrimental effect, with reduced tissue perfusion leading to hypoxia and acidosis. This general vasomotor breakdown represented a therapeutic drug resistance, so that the organ preparation failed to solve the problem of temporary organ preservation. PMID- 1224884 TI - [Indication for surgery in the treatment of obliterative vascular diseases of the lower limb in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - The guiding principles in assessing the indication for surgery in the case of an occlusive angiopathy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are illustrated by 69 cases. The authors take a definite stand with respect to the therapy to be chosen and recommend a scheme of indications taking into account the complaints due to the angiopathy and impaired respiratory function which might serve as guidance in the indication for surgery. PMID- 1224885 TI - Effect of surgery on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The effect of surgery on carbohydrate metabolism has been studied in 20 patients. The blood sugar and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were determined during various operations. The blood sugar level rose progressively with the duration of the intervention. A difference was detected in the changes of the blood sugar and serum-IRI levels during extra- and intraperitoneal operations. In the first case the rise in blood sugar and serum IRI was slighter and showed no close correlation with time. During intraperitoneal operations, no corresponding insulin response accompanied the increased blood sugar level. PMID- 1224886 TI - [Operability of mediastinal tumors]. AB - The problem of the operability of mediastinal tumours is discussed on the basis of observations made in 500 cases. The importance of angiography in the assessment of operability is stressed. Benign tumours are operable, provided the operation involves no greater risk than the basic disease itself. Exploration of tumours with uncertain preoperative diagnosis is justified if there is no counter indication. Excision of the tumour should be performed if there is no sign definitely pointing to inoperability, i.e. if the histological type of the tumour does not exclude the success of surgery. PMID- 1224887 TI - Mechanism of the development of collatelar circulation III. 133Xe clearance tests in animal experiments. AB - A model of the obstruction of the main artery of the lower extremity was produced in animal experiments. The obstruction was combined on the right side with the constriction of the outflow path, while in this respect the left side served as control. Circulation in the two extremities in the early and late stage was compared by means of the 133Xe clearance technique. In the early stage due to poorer collateral circulation flow on the right side was worse than on the left side. In the late stage the difference was not conspicuous. PMID- 1224888 TI - [Effect of urinary transport function on the development of kidney calculi]. AB - The formation of renal calculus is, according to the currently accepted view, a polyetiological process whose most important components are the composition of the urine and urinary stasis. The second of these factors is discussed. The importance of anatomical lesions is indicated by the finding of a hindrance of flow in 66 of the 100 patients operated for renal calculus. The stasis may, however, have some functional cause, too. X-rays revealed two types of hypomotility: a temporary, or in certain parts constant, lack of contractions and sluggish contractions of normal frequency. Temporary lack or sluggishness of contraction promotes calculus formation because the physiological pyelo-calicous reflux which occurs in three quarters of the intact cases is lacking. These refluxes counteract sedimentation and together with the orthostatic emptying are the most effective factors preventing the retention of calculus nuclei. PMID- 1224889 TI - [Methicillin levels in the human serum, pericardial effusion and myocardium]. AB - The antibiotic level in the serum, pericardial fluid and myocardium of 11 patients prepared for heart surgery was tested by means of the agar-diffusion method after the intramuscular administration of 1 g of methicillin. The mean level after 1 to 3 hours was 14.7 mcg/ml in serum, 1.7 mcg/ml in the pericardial fluid and 8.2 mcg/g in the myocardium. In the case of drug sensitivity, the myocardial methicillin concentration is sufficient for the treatment of Gram positive infections. If the infection is localized in the pericardium, higher doses, local applications, drug combination or complex therapy might be called for. PMID- 1224890 TI - [Septic shock. Clinical review of 72 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a series of 72 observations of septic shock. The overall hospital mortality is 51%. Aggravating factors with worst prognosis are a cirrhosis (90% mortality) and wrong antibiotics before shock occurred (88% mortality). Some therapeutic acts (cannulae, venous catheter, urinary catheter, immuno-depressing treatment) increase penetration of gram positive germs of hostipal origin. The germs account for 30% of cases, the most frequent being staphylococcus. Among gram-negative organisms, one finds colibacilli, pseudomonas and last klebsiella. Usual entrance site was respiratory (33%). On clinical grounds we found equal frequency of "warm" shock with vasodilatation (mortality 30%) and "cold" shock (mortality 67%). A certain degree of renal failure sometimes necessitating dialysis is the rule. Intravascular disseminated coagulation occurred 3 times out of 46; 13 had hemorrhage. Finally acid-base disorders were usually of the metabolic acidosis type with respiratory alkalosis. Treatment consists in restauring volemia with abundant perfusions under control of central venous and arterial pressures and diuresis. Antibiotherapy, bactericidal and with wide spectre or specific for the suspected germ, must be immediately started. Importance of surgical debridement when required is evidenced by the low mortality of those cases (2 deaths out of 12). We use steroids systematically at high dosage, intravenous. Vasoactive or tonicardiac drugs are used selectively. Their efficiency and that of steroids are not prooved. Finally a review of the literature concerning the physiopathology and treatment of septic shock and its complications is presented. PMID- 1224891 TI - [Toxi-infectious shock pneumopathy. A morphological study (author's transl)]. AB - The lungs of 68 septicaemic patients have been systematically studied and compared. The observed lesions include a whole range if alterations usually described in routine sampling of lungs in cases of deaths from diverse diseases. One lesion however appears more frequent and intense: infection of the pulmonary oedema. Inflammatory reactions are associated to acute arteritis at different stages of evolution which, in these patients, was more frequent in cases of shock. PMID- 1224892 TI - [Digestive complications in patients with severe burns (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on 18 patients suffering digestive complications, among 593 burned patients treated during seven years. This clinical analysis mainly stresses the poorly understood intestinal ileus that occurs in such patients. The work includes an appraisal and synthesis of some data from the literature. PMID- 1224893 TI - [Congenital aortic arch anomalies and vascular rings (author's transl)]. AB - The anomalies of the aortic arch are consequences of malformations in the first twelve weeks of the intrauterine life. Embryologically it is possible to explain and classify all of them. Most remain asymptomatic and do not need treatment. About one third of all anomalies are causing tracheo-esophageal compression with consequent complaints. In most cases the symptomatology starts in the first days of life. Some of them can be temporarily treated conservatively. The prognosis of patients, who need surgery is good, even in small infants. Surgery consists mainly in section of the atretic or hypoplastic part of the double aortic arch, section of the aberrant subclavian artery, section of the Botal ligament or duct and liberation of the trachea and esophagus. A normal configuration of trachea and esophagus is reached after several months or even more than a year. There are no reports on reoperations for secondary strictures. In the University Hospital of Nijmegen and Leiden we operated on 17 patients. There were 8 patients of group I A --- Edwards classification -- double aortic arch with both aortic arches open and left Botal duct or ligament; 4 patients of group I B, double aortic arch with one atretic aortic arch with a left Botal ligament; 3 patients of group II B, with a left aortic arch and aberrant right subclavian artery and a left Botal ligament; 2 patients of group III B with a right aortic arch and an aberrant left subclavian artery and a left Botal duct or ligament. Of our 17 patients one died during the operation because of a haemorrhage and overtransfusion; an other one died three weeks postoperatively from an endotracheal bleeding. All the other patients are without complaints and remained so. PMID- 1224894 TI - [Importance of arteriography in the diagnosis of splenic trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Among 26 cases of suspected hemorrhage the authors report 8 cases of splenic trauma. They note perfect agreement between the importance of the radiological lesions and the seriousness of the clinical signs. Given the harmlessness of the investigation and the frequency of the visceral lesions it disclose, the authors recommend arteriography in difficult cases with subacute or chronic evolution. PMID- 1224895 TI - [Post-traumatic bronchial stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have performed plastic reconstruction of a bronchus in a 16 years old patient, 6 1/2 weeks after rupture of the right stem bronchus. This had occurred during a blunt trauma to the thorax. In the acute phase the patient appeared completely cured by suction of the pneumothorax. Later occlusion of the bronchus with total atelectasis appeared. Respiratory function tests, blood gas analyses and pulmonary scintigrams were performed before and 12 weeks after the operation. The authors discuss the data from the literature pertaining to traumatic rupture of the bronchus in its acute phase and during progressive stenosis, for which surgery is warranted. Repair of the stenotic bronchus will make the lungs capable of assuming satisfactory hematosis. PMID- 1224896 TI - [The meaning of hepatic artery ligation in surgery (author's transl)]. AB - On the occasion of a traumatic rupture of the hepatic artery in a 10 year old boy, successfully treated by ligation of the left branch, the meaning of arterial suppression to the liver was studied. Follow-up of 58 cases reported in the literature are reviewed; so is the role of collateral arterial circulation and of portal circulation as compensatory mechanism. A number of provisions tending towards optimal oxygenization of the patient and towards upholding of portal circulation are proposed as treatments against surgical interruption of the hepatic artery. PMID- 1224897 TI - Severe hyponatraemia in diabetic patients treated with chlorpropamide or phenformine. PMID- 1224898 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in uremia]. PMID- 1224899 TI - How far to go with toxoplasmosis. PMID- 1224900 TI - [Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 1224901 TI - [Critical review of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 1224903 TI - Studies on gluconeogenesis and stimulation of glycogen and protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes in alloxan diabetic, normal fed and fasted animals. AB - Hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase in vitro perfusion technique. Net glucose production in isolated hepatocytes obtained from fed, fasted and alloxan diabetic rats was studied. Net glucose production from alanine, pyruvate and fructose was increased by 2-5 fold in isolated hepatocytes obtained from fasted and alloxan diabetic rats. Similar increases in the incorporation of 14C bicarbonate into glucose was also observed. Net glucose production in isolated hepatocytes was also compared to other in vitro preparations. Net glucose production was much higher (2-5 fold) in isolated hepatocytes than that reported previously for liver slices or perfused liver. Studies on glycogen and protein synthesis show a 2 fold stimulation in the incorporation of 1-14C-glucoase into glycogen and U-14C-leucine into protein by the addition of 100 muU of insulin to isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 1224904 TI - Carotenemic, skin colour and diabetes mellitus. AB - Carotenemia with its yellowish-red tint is found in diabetes. The frequency of this phenomenon is unknown and the relationship between skin colour and blood carotenoid level is controversial. Frequently the suspicion of diabetes arising from inspection of the skin colour is in fact confirmed by the usual laboratory tests. We decided to examine skin colour, blood carotenoids, cholesterol and total blood lipid levels in 51 overt diabetics, 42 latent diabetics and 25 healthy subjects as well as 14 patients who had recently suffered an acute myocardial infarction. The healthy subjects showed blood carotenoid levels slightly higher than the patients. As is known, in cases of increased intake of carotenoid-rich fruit and vegetables the yellowish-red skin colour is marked. Diabetic patients however show this phenomenon even though they may not follow such a diet. This finding, although diagnostically useful, does not usually parallel a high carotenoid blood level. From this point of view overt and latent diabetes are similar. PMID- 1224902 TI - A high incidence of positive provocation of plasma pancreatic enzymes in the poorly controlled diabetic subjects. AB - Abnormal responses of plasma lipase, trypsin, and amylase to pancreozymin and secretin in poorly controlled diabetics were found in 42%, 41% and 30% while these responses in well controlled diabetics were 25%, 9% and 9% respectively. Positive provocation of at least one of these enzymes was observed in 67% of poorly controlled diabetics and was significantly more frequent than that (18%) in well controlled diabetics (p less than 0.01). An elevation of fasting lipase and amylase activities was also noted in 26% and 37% in the former in contrast to 0% and 18% in the latter. In the same 6 subjects the degree of abnormal plasma enzyme response was greater in the poorly controlled diabetic state than in the well controlled diabetic state. When insulin effect on plasma lipase response was tested in experimentally diabetic rats, insulin administration for 3 to 5 days normalized the abnormal provocation of lipase observed in chronically diabetic rats. These findings indicate that pancreatic enzymes tend to leak to the systemic circulation in insulin deficiency. PMID- 1224905 TI - The effect of somatostatin on plasma insulin and growth hormone levels in basal conditions and after glucagon in normal and acromegalic subjects. AB - The effect of low-dose somatostatin (2.5 mug/min i.v.) on blood sugar, insulin and GH levels (basal and after i.v. 1 mg glucagon) was studied in 7 normal and 10 acromegalic subjects. No changes in basal values were noted in normal subjects, whereas the insulin response to glucagon was partly inhibited and the glucose response enhanced. Basal blood glucose was likewise unaltered in the acromegalics. There was, however, a significant, though unrelated, fall in both insulin and GH. The insulin response to glucagon was inhibited to a greater degree than in normal subjects. It is clear, therefore, that somatostatin can inhibit the insulin response to glucagon, as well as that to the other stimuli for which data are given in the literature. Acromegalic subjects appear to be more sensitive to inhibition of insulin secretion by somatostatin, though no relation between this and the drug's parallel inhibition of GH secretion can be shown. PMID- 1224906 TI - Comparison between cytochemical changes, concentration of PAS-positive substances in peripheral blood lymphocytes and changes of blood glucose values during the oral glucose tolerance test. AB - The purpose of the study was to analyse the correlation between the blood glucose values and the quantity of PAS-positive substances in lymphocytes observed in different groups of subjects during oral glucose loading. In 300 subjects--100 persons with a normal OGTT, 100 pregnant women (with normal, borderline and diabetic OGTT), 50 diabetic patients, 20 borderline cases of diabetes, and 30 persons with a 'lag form' OGIT--the PAS-index was measured at each point of the OGTT. The values of the PAS-index curve followed the values of the blood glucose level, and the results obtained in different groups of persons were compared. It has been shown that an increased value of the PAS-index is an early sign of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism and that differences between borderline and manifest diabetics, as well as between these groups and normal control persons, are significant. PMID- 1224907 TI - Glucagon, insulin and growth hormone response in obese women. AB - Plasma concentrations of insulin, growth hormone and glucagon were measured during an arginine test in obese women with normal (ON) or abnormal (OD) OGTT and in normal control subjects (N). Plasma insulin levels were higher than normal in both obese groups, while plasma growth hormone and glucagon levels were markedly reduced. PMID- 1224908 TI - [The effect of secretin and cerulein on the alkaline phosphatase of the duodenal juice in normal and in digestive diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224909 TI - [The treatment of cholelithiasis by chenic acid. Present state of a prospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1224910 TI - [Clinical and iconographic study of the localization in the colon of Crohn's disease. 40 personal cases]. PMID- 1224911 TI - [Editorial: Cholelithiasis and chenic acid. Current facts and perspectives]. PMID- 1224912 TI - Report of a case of intractable paraneoplastic diarrhea remarkably improved by an association of diphenoxylate and loperamide. PMID- 1224913 TI - On some theoretical studies on gene differentiation in natural populations. AB - Different mathematical approaches to study the extent of genetic variation of natural populations are reviewed. The modern understanding of the gene structure permits new interpretations of existing concepts like fixation or inbreeding. A more recent measure of genic divergence, which at molecular level is designed to measure net codon differences is also seen to be related with gene diversity in a substructed population. It is argued that such variations are produced and preserved possibly by simultaneous action of migration, mutation, selection, and random genetic drift. At the present moment it is very difficult to isolate out the effect of each factor because of varying degrees of variation at the different gene sites and between different sets of populations. PMID- 1224914 TI - Lower frequency of diabetes among hospitalized Negro than white children: theoretical implications. AB - A review of the case histories of 471 diabetic children admitted to a children's hospital during the decade 1960 to 1970 showed that the proportion of diabetics among hospitalized Negro children was significantly lower than that among white children (3.8 Negro vs. 10.7 white per 1000 admissions same ethnic group, P less than 0.005). However, the proportion of mild diabetes, characterized by absence of ketosis and no insulin requirement, was higher among Negro (18%) than among white diabetic children (0.5%). These differences could not be explained by differences in environmental factors considered. It is suggested that genetic factors may account for a substantial part of this Negro-white difference. PMID- 1224915 TI - Studies on the geographical distribution of Australia antigen. AB - The world distribution of the Australia antigen, the agent responsible for hepatitis in man, is reviewed on the basis of the available literature, with the addition of a personal research on a sample of German donors. PMID- 1224916 TI - Some epidemiological and genetic aspects of congenital heart diseases. AB - This paper presents a general view on congenital malformations and a summary of some anatomic, clinical, epidemiological and genetic aspects of congenital heart diseases. Some "recommendations" for research are also briefly mentioned. PMID- 1224917 TI - Earlobe attachment, hand clasping and arm folding among Tamil Brahmans in relation to cultural and ethnic affiliations. AB - The traits, earlobe attachment, hand clasping and arm folding, are found to show a high degree of homogeneity in the Tamil Brahmans. The latter appear to be closest to the Bengali Brahmans, with respect to all three traits, and differ significantly from other Brahman populations, with respect to earlobe. PMID- 1224918 TI - Frequency of left-handedness among the Andhra Pradesh people. AB - The percentages of left-handed people among the males and females of Andhra Pradesh tribals in India were found to be 15.49 and 7.79, and in Hindus 6.9 and 4.65. The difference between the sexes among tribals is significant. The tribal people studied were Koya Doras, Sugalis (or Lambadis), and Konda Reddis. It is suggested that similar quantitative studies of left-handedness should be made in other tribal and aboriginal populations before they are culturally comditioned to right-handedness. PMID- 1224919 TI - Middle phalangeal hair in some South Indian populations. AB - The study of middle phalangeal hair on a sample of some 5000 nonrelated subjects of both sexes and different age groups, representing 11 South Indian populations, has shown very limited sex and age variability. The frequencies fall within the general range of Indian population groups. Most of the groups tested show genetic homogeneity. PMID- 1224920 TI - The a-b ridge count in the Gujar Pasis and Kureel Chamars of India. AB - The palmar a-b ridge count has been examined in the Gujar Pasis and Kureel Chamars and compared to other Indian populations. PMID- 1224921 TI - Phenylthiocarbamide taste threshold distribution among the Rastogis of India. AB - The PTC taste threshold distribution has been examined among the Rastogis and compared to those of other Indian caste groups of Uttar Pradesh. PMID- 1224922 TI - Letter: Nonrandom anaphase segregation of mitotic chromosomes. PMID- 1224923 TI - Letter: Virus-like particles in human leukemic cells-II. PMID- 1224924 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in Noonan's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Dermatoglyphics in Noonan's Syndrome A dermatoglyphic analysis has been carried out in 7 boys and 5 girls affected by Noonan's syndrome. No deviation from the general population values was found with respect to individual quantitative value, A line termination, absence of C line, a-b ridge count, hypothenar patterns, and presence of p proximal triradius on soles. Whorls were however increased on fingertips and the axial triradius t, as in Turner's syndrome, was in 21% of the cases in position t' or t". PMID- 1224925 TI - Familial 21/22 translocation. AB - A family is described with 21/22 translocation, where chromosome segregation appeared to follow theoretical expectations, rather than empirical risk figures, in male and female carriers alike. The usefulness of prenatal genetic studies in genetic counseling is also demonstrated. PMID- 1224926 TI - [The drug spectrum in rheumatoid arthritis therapy]. AB - The possibilities of medicamental antirheumatic treatment, are reviewed. Drugs are divided in nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs, corticoids and combined drugs, so called basic treatment, and locally administered drugs. Mechanisms of action, indication, and effects of those groups are discussed and literature is briefly reviewed. PMID- 1224927 TI - [Side effects of gold therapy]. AB - 461 courses of chrysotherapy, mechanisms of action, effects, side effects and treatment of the latter are reported. With regard to changes of skin and mucous membranes, of peripheral blood count, urine, and liver enzymes the necessity of periodic controls is stressed. Before gold injection uncommon sensations as e.g. itching or "metallic taste" should be ruled out. PMID- 1224928 TI - [Complications in chrysotherapy in 268 patients]. AB - Side effects of chrysotherapy in 268 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, are reported. The incidence of side effects of all drugs used (Sodiumaurothiosulfate, Aurothiopolypeptide, Sodiumaurothiomalate) was approximately equal. The most common side effects were eosinophilia, exanthema, itching, albuminemia and leukopenia. PMID- 1224929 TI - [The effect of D-penicillamine on the course of chronic polyarthritis]. AB - The report deals with 8 years of clinical experience with long-term application of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. The mode of action of D-penicillamine is discussed. It seems most probable that the influence of D-penicillamine implies an inhibition of the immunreaction. PMID- 1224930 TI - [Non-steroidal antirheumatic therapy and the liver]. AB - In 161 patients with rheumatoid arthritis a raised activity of alkaline serum phosphatase was found in 37.3% and identified as hepatic phosphatase by means of heat inactivation, and partly by determination of isoenzymes using the Polyacrylamidgel-electrophoresis. This relatively frequent finding may be explained as toxic hepatic damage due to antirheumatic therapy, and a drug induced cholestasis. This is caused by several non steroidal antirheumatic drugs, especially upon longer administration, or in higher dosage or both, may be acting as potential hepatotoxic. Therefore, the control of alkaline serum phosphatase and gamma-GT before and during the antirheumatic treatment is recommended. PMID- 1224931 TI - [Induction of chromosome aberrations by antirheumatic therapy]. AB - 1. The comparison between mean structural chromosomal aberration rates after immunosuppressive therapy and the rate of induction of malignant tumours after application of the same cytostatic substances to animals revealed a far-reaching parallelism: Highest mean aberration rates after therapy with procarbazine (Natulan) and cyclophosphamide (Endoxan) - fewer aberrations after mannitol mustard (Degranol) and no definite induction of chromosomal aberrations after azathioprine (Imurel) (8). 2. The possibility of the induction of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood after injection of gold 198 into the knee-joint, could be confirmed (9). 3. The mean chromosomal aberration rates before and after infusiontherapy with phenylbutazone (Butazolidin; 300 mg + 600 mg/die during 9 days) showed no significant difference (10). PMID- 1224933 TI - [Articles of the Belgian Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation]. PMID- 1224932 TI - [Differential indications in rheumatism therapy on the basis of well-known drug side effects]. AB - Special effects and side effects of antirheumatic basic treatment and symptomatic drugs, lead to distinct indications in the management of rheumatic diseases. Chloroquine should mainly be administered in "lupoid" rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.), in systemic lupus erythematosus, and in less active initial stages of R.A., whereas gold and D-penicillamine should be used in more active early stages of R.A. In psoriatic arthritis there is no contraindication for gold D penicillamine, however, is less effective. Immunosuppressive agents may be used in special cases of R.A. and connective tissude diseases. However, strict controls and special care are necessary. Additive organ disorders may lead to individual contra-indications for basic treatment. All these drugs are not harmless and need careful control. In "lupoid" R.A. corticoids are superior to nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs. The association of the conversion of R.A. into necrotizing vasculitis has been suggested. There is, however, no proof for this assertion. The new nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs are assumed to have less side effects, but their real position may be evaluated only after much longer periods of administration. Rare, but severe side effects, especially due to the hematopoetic system, are problbly caused by an incompatibility of the patient. One must not forget the advantages for millions of rheumatic patients. Also, in an age of an exaggerated desire for security, special consideration must be given to these advantages, so that the development of new antirheumatic drugs is not suppressed. PMID- 1224934 TI - Hemodynamics, blood volume, blood gases, and electrolytes in patients before and after aortic valve replacement. PMID- 1224935 TI - Anesthesia for congenital aortastenosis correction. AB - This case report analyses the anesthetic technique and early postoperative treatment of a five months old baby with congenital aortic stenosis. Administration of cardiotonics and diuretics was necessary before surgery because of severe heart failure. The patient was anesthetized with halothane in pure oxygen and ventilated by means of an Engstrom ventilator. Surgical treatment consisted of valvulotomy under extracorporeal circulation and normothermia. Recovery was uneventful. PMID- 1224936 TI - Myocardial contractility during peridural anesthesia. AB - Cardiac contractility was studied in 4 groups of patients using, as parameter, the I/(PEP)2 index proposed by Reitan. 15 patients received 10 mg diazepam i.v. as sedation. The patients in group I were given lumbar peridural anesthesia with 20 ml prilocaine 2%. There was no significant change in the index. The patients in group II were given lumbar peridural anesthesia with 20 ml prilocaine and adrenalin 1/200,000. For 20 to 30 minutes there was a marked rise in the index. The patients in group III received the same lumbar peridural anesthesia as group II, but with a subsequent subcutaneous injection of 50 mg ephedrine HCl. At first the index rose rapidly; this rise was followed by a more rapid return to the initial value. Finally, the patients in group IV, who were under stabilized NLA narcosis, received 2 mg/kg prilocaine intravenously. There was no change in the index before and after the injection. PMID- 1224937 TI - Comparison between fentanyl and morphine for use in analgesic anesthesia during open heart surgery. AB - One hundred unselected adult cardiac patients operated on with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) underwent analgesic anesthesia. In half of the cases, the analgesic used was morphine and for the others fentanyl. Anesthesia was completed with flunitrazepam, pancuronium, nitrous oxyde and a neuroleptic if necessary. Operative, postoperative and recuperation periods were very satisfactory and very the same in both series. Due to its small administrated dosage (average 1.22 mg/kg) the secondary effects of morphine remained discrete. Although its long action suits well the concerned type of surgery there seems to be no reason to prefer it to fentanyl. PMID- 1224938 TI - An advanced emergency care delivery system. AB - In order to provide for immediate expert emergency care at the site of an accident or sudden illness and during the transport to the emergency department, different options have been taken in East and West. In Leuven, Belgium an intermediate solution to the problem ha been chosen, firstly be developing a concise, fully portable set of medical equipment, and secondly by forming a "mobile emergency group" within the emergency department, consisting of nurses (male and female) with experience in critical care and selected through a specially conceived training program. This "mobile emergency group" is capable of administering advanced emergency care at the order of a physician present at the scene, or giving orders by radio. The "mobile emergency group" provides emergency care in the ambulances and in the hospital. PMID- 1224939 TI - A difficult intubation. AB - This paper describes a case of a difficult intubation in a neonate with the Pierre-Robin syndrome. Direct laryngoscopy was impracticable due to the atypical anatomy of the oropharyngeal cavity. The importance of adequate pre-anesthetic examination is stressed. Deep anesthesia during spontaneous respiration can facilitate endotracheal intubation in such cases. PMID- 1224940 TI - Comparison of the immediate effects of etomidate, propanidid and thiopentone on haemodynamics, coronary bloodflow and myocardial oxygen consumption. AB - Since cardiovascular depression at induction is among the most common complications of anesthesia this comparative study was undertaken. Unpremedicated dogs (n = 16) were induced with 3 mg/kg piritramide i.v. and normoventilated (N2O/O2 = 2/1). In 8 animals 0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg Etomidate and 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg thiopentone and in 8 further dogs 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg Propanidid were tested. Equipotent doses of Thiopentone and Propanidid caused a marked myocardial depression, which was seen in a decrease in stroke volume and max dp/dt and in an increase of leftventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure. The increased myocardial O2- cosumption mainly due to the rise in heart rate was covered after Thiopentone by an increase of coronary bloodflow (measured with a pitot-catheter) and an increase of arterio-coronaryvenous difference in oxygen. As the latter decreased after Propanidid, it appeared that Propanidid has coronary dilatory properties. The results demonstrated the uneconomic work of the heart under the influence of Thiopentone and Propanidid. In contrast to this the cardiovascular system after Etomidate remained nearly unaffected. The data of this study suggest the use of Etomidate rather than Thiopentone and Propanidid in cases of shock syndrome, heart and/or coronary insufficiency. PMID- 1224941 TI - Intravenous perfusion of adrenalin during enflurane (ethrane) anesthesia. AB - The effects of an IV perfusion of adrenaline were studied in three groups of patients. The first two groups were anesthestised with enflurane (Ethrane) and the perfusion of adrenaline was started either after stabilisation of cardiovascular parameters, or induction of anesthesia. The third group was anesthetised with halothane, and the perfusion of adrenaline was started after stabilisation of cardiovascular parameters. No significant statistical difference exists between the results obtained in the three groups, and particularly not concerning the incidence of arrythmias. PMID- 1224942 TI - Purification of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes containing poly(adenylic acid). AB - Nuclear 14 S ribonucleoprotein particles containing poly(adenylic acid) were isolated from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and purified by a two step method. The nuclear extract obtained at an ionic strength of 0.1 was treated by pancreatic and T1 ribonucleases and sedimented in a 15-30% sucrose gradient. The 14 S peak containing 50-60% poly(adenylic acid) was chromatographed on a poly(dT) Sepharose column. The particles thus obtained were of high purity: they had an adenosine content of 90% and a protein moiety characteristic of the 14 S nuclear particles i.e. polypeptides with molecular weight of 51 000, 61 000 and 69 000 daltons. PMID- 1224943 TI - Examination with x-ray diffraction of cartilaginous tissues of rats of different ages with and without vitamin D treatment. AB - X-ray diffraction examinations were performed on different cartilages (epiphysis, joint, rib, nose-cartilage and discus intervertebralis) of 10 young and 10 old rats. Half of the animals served as untreated control, the other half was treated daily with 40,000 U of vitamin D3 through a gastric tube for 14 days. The examinations were performed partly with a Philips diffractometer and partly in a Guinier chamber, in order to determine the quantitative and qualitative crystallite size. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Cartilage crystallites, except those of the epiphysis, are more rough-grained in the old than in the young animals. 2. A difference was found between cartilages of the same age but of different types. In epiphysial cartilage thin crystals of medium length are formed while thick ones can be seen in discus intervertebralis, joint and rib cartilage. 3. According to the data obtained with the method of X-ray diffraction the crystals in epiphysial cartilage and discus intervertebralis will be lengthened upon the effect of vitamin D, while those in the rib and nose cartilage shortened and bulkier. It can be imagined that cartilage and bone cells as well as basal substance have an influence on the morphological picture of calcium phosphate. Thus different forms of crystal are formed in cartilages of different functional activity. PMID- 1224944 TI - Studies on serum n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase in pregnancy. PMID- 1224945 TI - Induction of bleeding as simple clinical tests for cervical carcinoma. PMID- 1224946 TI - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. PMID- 1224947 TI - Evaluation of placental dysfunction through phase contrast microscopy. PMID- 1224948 TI - Effects of 2alpha, 3alpha-epithio-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol (epitiostanol) on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in humans. PMID- 1224949 TI - Appearance of placental aminopeptidase isozyme during the course of pregnancy. PMID- 1224950 TI - Simultaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ and early invasive adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. PMID- 1224951 TI - Immunoreactive estrogens in pregnancy. PMID- 1224953 TI - Structural nuclear changes in carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix assessed by a combined microautoradiography-microspectrophotometry system. PMID- 1224952 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in abruptio placentae--report of a case. PMID- 1224954 TI - A case of hypernephroma metastasis to the vagina. PMID- 1224955 TI - The conization rate. PMID- 1224956 TI - Localization of deep invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix--the distal margin and its relationship to the last cervical glands. PMID- 1224957 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the uterus associated with primary gastric cancer. PMID- 1224958 TI - Teratogenic effects of food addictive ethyl-p-hydroxy benzoate studied in pregnant rats. PMID- 1224959 TI - [Early diagnosis of infantile deafness. Difficulties and errors]. PMID- 1224961 TI - [Anatomical, physiological and functional aspects of endotympanic muscles]. PMID- 1224960 TI - [Audiological observations of a patient with auditory agnosia]. AB - A case is reported in which a patient was become unable to identify all kinds of auditory material, including speech, despite only subnormal audiometric thresholds (i.e. "auditory agnosia"). The following audiological disorders were shown: some fragility in the perception of brief sound stimuli, difficulties to apprehending prolonged series of stimuli (rhythms), defective sound localization, an increase in the homolateral and in the contralateral effects of masking sounds. On the other hand, differential thresholds for frequency and for intensity, as well as fusion thresholds, were little affected, or unaffected. A complete dissociation appeared between the auditory evoked potentials and the audiometric thresholds; a year after the first examination, and the following years, the auditory potentials were largely reduced, or even have elapsed for one ear, while the audiometric thresholds seem to remain nearly the same. PMID- 1224962 TI - Rupture of the round window membrane. AB - Considerable interest has been displayed in sudden sensori-neural deafness in recent years, and especially since Blair Simmons postulated that this could be caused by mechanical disruption of the membranes in the inner ear. The literature concerning such reports is reviewed briefly and two cases of rupture of the round window membrane resulting from inner ear barotrauma are reported in detail. Both these cases were experienced divers who had had little difficulty in auto inflation whilst diving. The first case had progressive sensori-neural deafness with mild vertigo, and tympanotomy revealed rupture of the round window membrane in both ears. These ruptures were repaired with plugs of fat, following which his hearing was restored. The second case developed marked vertigo following a dive and was thought to be suffering from decompression sickness. When the appropriate treatment did not help him, tympanotomy was performed and a rupture of the round membrane was found. This was plugged with fat with a most satisfactory result. Both of these cases had difficulty with autoinflation, and had been aware of such difficulties for some time. Nasal problems were responsible for this, and it is strongly recommended that all divers should have normal nasal function and that they should be educated in the technique of autoinflation, and, in particular, in the importance of avoiding forceful autoinflation at all times. A third case of rupture of the round membrane following an injury to the head is also reported. PMID- 1224963 TI - Tympanoplasty of the radical operated middle ear. AB - A type of tympanoplasty is described to restore hearig at patients who had a radical mastoidectomy. The technique of middle ear reconstruction was first studied at the testanimal. It was found that a certain resonance frequency could be of use to get an extra hearing gain. Furtheron amplitude and fase-difference between the round and oval window are explored. The results of 16 patients 5 years after operation are discussed. PMID- 1224964 TI - Application of tympanometry and acoustic reflex measurements. AB - The probe tone of an impedance bridge has a direct effect on the results of tympanometry. The frequency of the probe tone should be close to the resonant frequency of the middle ear. Of three electroacoustic bridges using three different probe tones 800, 625 and 220 Hz, the one using 800 Hz provided the most identifiable tympanographic pattern in cases with ossicular discontinuity. Five different types of tympanograms could be identified when an 800 Hz tone is used. Important clinical information can be obtained by combining the type of tympanogram with the results of stapedius reflex measurements. PMID- 1224965 TI - Clinical trials of betahistine hydrochloride in the treatment of Meniere's disease. AB - Thirty Meniere patients were treated with betahistine hydrochlorid for an average period of 17 months. The majority of them had been resistent to every previous treatment. The results of this new treatment were very gratifying with respect to the attacks of vertigo and the accompanying neuro-vegetative symptoms. The tinnitus aurium proved to be resistent, whereas the auditory acuity was significantly improved in 7 patients. Early treatment with this product at the first signs of Meniere's disease is very likely to hold up the progressive degradation of auditory acuity, during the further spontaneous evolution of the disease. PMID- 1224966 TI - Endolymphatic sac drainage in Meniere's disease. AB - Endolymphatic sac drainage was applied in 7 cases of severe Meniere's disease. The results were favorable in 4 patients, while 3 patients had insufficient relief. The management of Meniere's disease is discussed in relation to surgery. PMID- 1224967 TI - Cryotherapy in the treatment of cancer with special reference to its indications and limitations. PMID- 1224968 TI - [Value of external carotid arteriography in the ENT field]. PMID- 1224969 TI - Bromide partition test in the evaluation of the blood-cerebrospinal barrier in children with congenital hypothyroidism and central nervous system disease. AB - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid bromide partiton was studied in 11 children with congenital hypothyroidism, in 12 children with tuberculous meningitis, and in 10 children with various neurological disorders. The ratio serum bromide per cerebrospinal fluid bromide (bromide index) was below the critical value of 1.65 in 5 of 11 children with hypothyroidism as compared with 10 of the 12 children with tuberculous meningitis. No clear correlation was found between the test and the clinical and laboratory signs of hypothyroidism. The test is a valuable index of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier involvement in hypothyroidism. PMID- 1224970 TI - Sugar metabolism in obese children. AB - In obese children the glucose tolerance curve results in high blood sugar values. A pathologic rise of the serum insulin level may occur even with normal blood sugar curves and the insulin levels tend to be higher in obesity of long standing. In obese children of families with diabetes, post-loading insulin levels were comparatively lower. It is suggested that this weaker insulin response is related to a prediabetic state. PMID- 1224971 TI - [Changes of A-waves during continuous ICP-registration in hydrocephalus]. PMID- 1224972 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition by a brain tissue antigen and electroencephalography in uncomplicated measles. AB - In 11 patients with uncomplicated measles and in 10 control patients with acute enteritis, electroencephalography and leukocyte migration inhibition test using basic myelin protein as antigen were carried out. There were no EEG abnormalities and no migration inhibition in the control group. Leukocyte migration inhibition was observed in 9 measles patients; among these 5 had slight or moderate EEG abnormalities. It is suggested that EEG abnormalities have the same pathological background in uncomplicated measles as in measles encephalitis. PMID- 1224973 TI - Influence of maternal thymectomy on development of the offspring in the rat. AB - Average body weight of the offspring of thymectomized mother rats is significantly less than normal at the age of 17-20 days. At other ages the difference is less pronounced. Though the mortality rate of such offspring seemed to be doubled, the difference was not significant. As compared to the controls, the sham operation itself decreased the thymus weight. PMID- 1224974 TI - Bactericidal capacity of plasma and granulocytes in small-for-dates newborns. AB - The bactericidal activity of plasma and granulocytes as measured against a Staphylococcus aureus strain was significantly lower in small-for-dates than in normal newborn infants. PMID- 1224975 TI - The concentration of invidual monocarboxylic short chain fatty acids in serum of normal children. AB - The normal serum concentrations of short-chain fatty acids C2--C6 (acetic to n caproic) were estimated by gas chromatography in 35 children aged 4-16 years. Individual fluctuations were wide. The highest mean level concerned acetic acid (6.98 +/- 3.71 mug/ml), whereas the mean concentrations of other SFA were considerably lower and did not exceed 1.0 mug/ml except for n-caproic acid (1.34 mug/ml). PMID- 1224976 TI - Monocarboxylic short-chain fatty acids C2-C6 in serum of obese children. AB - The serum concentrations of monocarboxylic short-chain fatty acids (acetic to n caproic) were estimated in 12 children with simple obesity aged 4-16 years and in a control group of 35 normal subjects. In the obese patients, significantly decreased values for acetic and n-caproic acid and an increased total free fatty acid level were found. The presumable causes of the phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 1224977 TI - [Courses of blood sugar, insulin, growth hormone, free fatty acids and glycerin following intravenous and oral glucose load in children of diabetic mothers and of a healthy control group]. PMID- 1224978 TI - [Somatic and mental development of children from diabetic mothers: results of a follow-up at ages between 4 to 16 years]. PMID- 1224979 TI - [Micturition cystography after suprapubic bladder puncture in furosemide diuresis]. PMID- 1224980 TI - The partition of maintenance energy expenditure and the pattern of substrate utilization in intrauterine malnourisheed newborn infants before and during recovery. AB - Total heat production and its major components, as well as the pattern of substrate utilization were measured by indirect calorimetry during a period of several hours in 15 small-for-gestational-age infants between the 2nd and 15th postnatal day (non-growing period) and between 16th and 39th day (growing period). 1. Mean total heat production of the non-growing infants did not exceed 50 Cal/kg/24 hrs. Mean basal metabolism in this period was not higher than that reported for premature infants of similar body size and postnatal age. It is concluded that the caloric input necessary to meet the cost of maintenance was less than that calculated from the components of energy metabolism. 2. Total energy expenditure was significantly higher in the growing period, and its partitioning showed that all the three components (basal-, resting-, and activity metabolism) were contributing to the increment. 3. The increase in total heat production, as well as that of the components, was closely related to the difference in age and body weight at the first and second examination. The individual increment in heat production during growth was determined chiefly by postnatal age and weight gain. 4. Carbohydrate utilization was the dominant component of the total energy expended by the non-growing infants. During recovery, a further rise occurred in carbohydrate oxidation, while there was a moderate decrease in the participation of fat and protein. PMID- 1224981 TI - Activity, energy metabolism and postnatal age relationship in low-birth-weight infants. AB - The relationship between heat production and different activity levels was examined in 30 low-birth-weight (premature and small-for-gestational age) infants. A low level of spontaneous activity was preponderant, with a gradual shift from activity scores near zero to higher intensities with increasing postnatal age. There was a close correlation between activity and heat production. Older infants displayed a greater amount of spontaneous activity and a larger variation in heat production and activity-intensity relationship. The rise in heat production at a given activity intensity was greater in older than in younger infants indicating that the energy cost of identical activity increases with postnatal age. "Maximum" oxygen consumption increased with postnatal age. PMID- 1224982 TI - The effect of stimulation of carotid sinus chemoreceptors on the activity of the sympathetic cardiac nerve and vertebral nerve. PMID- 1224983 TI - Wool growth rate in relation to plasma catecholamine and serum total thyroxine concentrations in growing lambs. PMID- 1224984 TI - Reproducibility of results of hemodynamic examinations in conscious, trained dogs. PMID- 1224985 TI - Acetylcholine content in the central and peripheral nervous system and its synthesis in the rat brain during stress and post-stress exhaustion. PMID- 1224986 TI - In vivo and in vitro 3H-thymidine incorporation into bone marrow cells of mice irradiated with 200 R. PMID- 1224987 TI - Studies on the rate of colour-change mechanism in the fish--Nandus nandus (Ham). As a background response. PMID- 1224988 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat tissues during chronic phospholine poisoning. PMID- 1224989 TI - Changes in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of psycholeptic drugs in radiation-sickness. Effect of x-ray radiation on pharmacodynamic activity of nitrazepam in animals. PMID- 1224990 TI - [Functional organization and pathology of the frontal lobe in humans]. PMID- 1224991 TI - Low dose irradiation in advanced tumours of head and neck. AB - A material of 19 patients with T3 and T4 tumours of the mouth and pharynx was treated by fractionated low dose rate irradiation. Regression occurred in a large proportion of tumours but at the expense of a high rate of necrosis. PMID- 1224992 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the tongue. Histologic grading in the clinical evaluation. AB - In a series of 49 patients with epidermoic carcinoma of the tongue microscopy of the primary biopsy was performed, using a multifactorial grading system consisting of 8 parameters, each of 4 grades. The score value (degree of malignancy) revealed a statistically significant correlation with the frequency of regional metastases. As this was particularly marked in the T1 and T2 groups, it seems to be an important supplement to the clinical evaluation of risk groups. PMID- 1224993 TI - Pre-operative short intensive radiation therapy of T3-T4 laryngeal carcinoma. AB - A group of 33 patients with T3-T4 laryngeal carcinomas received in the period 1968 to 1972 pre-operative irradiation with 60Co followed by surgery. A total dose of 2 500 rad was given in 5 equal sesssions. The tumour free survival rates of these patients are compared to those of a comparable group of 57 patients receiving radiation therapy only. The overall results in the pre-operative group (64%) are superior to those in the group irradiated only. In glottic tumours the results were similar in both groups, but significantly superior in supraglottic tumours receiving pre-operative radiation therapy. The treatment schedule proposed is well-tolerated and surgery is usually performed before the onset of reaction. PMID- 1224994 TI - Evaluation of time-dose factors in glottic tumors. AB - Sixty patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord without nodal or metastatic disease were treated with four fractions per week. No serious complications occurred with the dose and fractionation schedule as outlined. Voice quality after treatment has been satisfactory. After a minimum of two years follow-up the control rates for T1 and T2 tumors are 80% and 81.5%, respectively. All radiation therapy failures were cured surgically. A dose-response curve was constructed for T1 lesions, utilizing the Ellis' formula to derive the NSD, from data from different therapy centers. There appears to be no differences in the parameters studied between four and five fractions per week treatment schedules. A ret dose of approximately 1800 appears somewhat low for optimal control rates in T1 and T2 tumors. PMID- 1224995 TI - Electron depth absorbed doses for small phantom depths. Comparison between different accelerators. AB - Depth dose distributions at small phantom depths in polystyrene were measured with a liquid ionization chamber at six different accelerators. The absorbed dose at 0.5 mm depth relative to the absorbed dose maximum in the central beam varied between 0.77 and 0.92 for 10 MeV electrons. Generally the surface absorbed dose increased with increasing energy or decreasing field size. Results from measurements off axis indicate small differences from the data available for the central beam. PMID- 1224996 TI - Treatment of disseminated carcinoma of the breast by metenolone enanthate. AB - Forty-three patients with disseminated or inoperable carcinoma of the breast were treated with Metenolone Enanthate (Primobolan Depot) with doses of 400 to 1 200 mg/week for at least 3 months. Objective remissions lasting longer than 3 months occurred in 8 out of 41 evaluable patients. Soft tissue metastases responsed best. Liver and brain metastases were unaffected. The therapeutic efficiency of Primobolan Depot is comparable to that of testosterone propionate but the agent is less virilising. PMID- 1224997 TI - Thyroid hormones and lymphoid cells. AB - The impact of D- and L-forms of triiodothyronine and thyroxine on DNA-synthesis of human lymphoid cells was tested in vitro. The incorporation of 14C-thymidine into DNA was increased by addition of large quantities of both types of hormone in either racemic form. PMID- 1224998 TI - Protection of the skin of mice against irradiation with cyclotron-accelerated helium ions by 2-mercaptoethylamine. AB - Mouse skin was exposed to doses of 1 250 to 3 000 rad using a helium ion beam with modal LET of 15 keV per micron. The skin reactions were evaluated for mice treated with a topical application of 10% MEA in a cream base or a placebo 15 minutes before irradiation. A comparison of the skin reactions indicated that the MEA treatment resulted in a DMF of at least 1.2. The implication for radiation therapy was discussed. PMID- 1224999 TI - 99Tcm-solcocitran in the detection of bone malignancy. AB - A new 99Tcm-labelled compound, 99Tcm-Solcocitran, has been introduced for detection of bone and brain malignancy. It is claimed to be specific for neoplastic tissue. In the present material, however, 99Tcm-Solcocitran was less sensitive in indicating metastatic bone lesions in patients than was 99Tcm Diphosphonate or conventional radiography. Both 99Tcm compounds accumulated in fractures in dogs. 99Tcm-Solcocitran seems to offer no advantage over existing techniques in the detection of bone malignancy. PMID- 1225000 TI - [Determination of the diffusion function of 25 MV x-rays in a tissue equivalent medium]. AB - The diffusion function of 25 MV Roentgen rays in a tissue-equivalent material was determined experimentally as a function of the size of the beam and of the depth into the material. In order to characterize the beam, the attenuation of the beam in various materials was previously investigated. The results of the investigation demonstrate the important contribution of diffused radiation to the dose when using very high energy radiation. PMID- 1225001 TI - The new special names of SI units in the field of ionizing radiation. PMID- 1225002 TI - Effect of low temperature on isolated mammalian heart. AB - Effect of perfusion with low temperature Locki solution on the isolated hearts of adult rabbits and mongrel puppies was studied. The study showed no arrhythmias or myocardial fibrillation at low temperatures in the isolated mammalian heart. PMID- 1225004 TI - Evaluation of tricuspid valvuloplasty with mitral valve replacement in severely ill patients. AB - A group of twenty cases of class IV of New York Heart Association Classification is reported. They were selected among 55 cases of mitral valve replacement. Three patients died and this leaves us with a mortality rate of 15% which corresponds with that of others. Tricuspid valvuloplasty had to be carried out in seven cases. In two cases, reported in detail, two commissures and ring had to be repaired. The nature of pathology was organic and functional while in the remaining five cases it was only functional. None of the cases required tricuspid valve replacement. We believe that tricuspid valvuloplasty has an important position in heart surgery and should not be underestimated. Also, we conclude that no patient should be denied operation on the basis of the severity of his disease unless advanced coronary disease or primary myocardiac disease are also involved. PMID- 1225005 TI - Osteochondromatosis of the hip joint. Report of a cast. AB - Osteochondrmatosis of the hip is a rare disease in which segments of synovial membrane become cartilaginous. These may calcify or ossify forming osteocartilaginous masses as loose bodies. It occurs most often in young or middle-aged adults and the etiology of the condition is unknown. The diagnosis can be apparent with due consideration on clinical history and proper X-ray examination of the joint. One case of such disease with typical X-ray findings is reported. PMID- 1225006 TI - [Sacrococcygeal chordoma: therapeutic problems]. PMID- 1225008 TI - Organicity as shown in Bender-gestalt test and the Wechsler Adult intelligence scale. PMID- 1225009 TI - [An unusual case of a fistula under the orbit caused by infection of tooth D1]. PMID- 1225010 TI - [Surgery for traumatic injuries. Therapeutic principles in the treatment of open fractures]. PMID- 1225011 TI - Serum enzyme activity of hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBD) and heat inactivated lactate dehydrogenase (LD) after operations on intracranial aneurysms. AB - The relation between clinical signs of parenchymatous cell damage after brain surgery and the serum activity of the LD-isoenzymes determined either as HBD or as heat inactivated LD, has been studied in 44 patients operated upon for intracranial aneurysms. Seven patients had a postoperative increase of the serum enzyme activity above the upper normal limit. All these showed neurological symptoms as compared to only 14% of those who had a postoperative enzyme level within normal limits. This speaks strongly in favour of a relation between the brain cell damage and the increase of the serum activity of the LD-isoenzyme. Since only 15% of the patients had a pathological enzyme level, it is further suggested that an uncomplicated operation for intracranial aneurysm should not cause an increase of the HBD or heat inactivated LD above the upper normal limit. PMID- 1225012 TI - Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with head injuries. AB - The concentration of CK and LDH in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined in 290 patients with head injuries. The highest concentration of these enzymes appeared in patients with the most severe brain injury. CK correlated somewhat better than LDH with the severity of the head injury. In the group with moderate head injuries there was no significant difference statistically between patients with increased CK level and patients with normal CK level in the cerebrospinal fluid with regard to the duration of posttraumatic headache, dizziness or working disability. PMID- 1225013 TI - [The nosological position and histogenic origin of the so-called cerebellar astrocytomas (author's transl)]. AB - The unusual status of the cerebellar astrocytoma is based upon clinical and histological evidence. "Bergstrand Tumour" is proposed as a new name for it. A new concept of its origin is put forward, namely that it is derived from the "tanycytes" (Horstmann) of the periventricular structures. PMID- 1225014 TI - Epidemiology of chronic subdural haematoma. AB - During the seven year period 1967-1973 a total of 64 residents of the City of Helsinki were diangosed as having chronic subdural haematomas. Forty of the patients were diagnosed during life at the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, and treated surgically. Twenty four were diagnosed at autopsy at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, at which the autopsies in virtually all cases of subdural haematoma in Helsinki are performed. The total of 64 cases gives an incidence of 1.72/100,000/year in the average population, the incidence increasing steeply with advancing age up to 7.35/100,000/year in the age groups 70-79 years. PMID- 1225015 TI - Control of diabetes insipidus by continuous monitoring of the electrical conductivity of the urine with a simple device. AB - An apparatur is desribed for continuous monitoring of electrical conductivity of urine for the control of diabetes insipidus. It consists of a flow through measuring cell connected to the urinary catheter, and a simple conductivity meter. Experiences with this measuring device, and its advantages, are described and discussed. PMID- 1225016 TI - Intracranial ganglioneuromas in children. AB - Two cases of tumours of the sellar and suprasellar region in children, manifested clinically by visual and endocrine disturbances, are reported. In both cases surgical removal of the intracranial tumour was performed. The histological diagnosis was central ganglioneuroma, an extremely rare tumour in children. Also worthy of note was the altogether exceptional location in these children of central ganglioneuromas in the sellar and suprasellar region. PMID- 1225018 TI - Total removal of a craniopharyngioma. Technical note. AB - A technique is described for dealing with large solid calcified fragments of craniopharyngiomas whose size would ordinarily render such a lesion inoperable. PMID- 1225017 TI - [Spinal cord compression caused by spinal aneurysmal bone cyst (author's transl)]. AB - Spinal aneurysmal bone cyst is sufficiently rare for the authors to report this case with rapid evolution and development of paraplegia. Total removal was achieved, and clinical recovery remained complete six months after operation. The pathogenic, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic aspects are briefly reviewed and discussed. PMID- 1225020 TI - [Valve of stereo-electroencephalography in the diagnosis of bilateral temporal epilepsy (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 1225019 TI - Multiple tuberculomas of the brain. Report of a case. AB - A case of multiple tuberculomas of the brain in a pregnant patient is reported. The symptoms and signs suggested a lesion of the cerebellum which was found to be only congested and oedematous at craniotomy. The correct diagnosis was made at autopsy. PMID- 1225021 TI - Flupentixol in depression. PMID- 1225022 TI - [Modification of the cortical response to plurisensory stimuli during noise]. PMID- 1225023 TI - [Observations on the therapeutic usefulness of uridine in epilepsy]. PMID- 1225024 TI - [Colloid cysts of the 3d ventricle]. PMID- 1225025 TI - [2 unusual cases of subdural pseudohematoma]. PMID- 1225026 TI - [Some cases of hydrocephalus treated by bilateral ventriculo-atrial shunt, using the Pudenz-Heyer valve system]. PMID- 1225027 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebral stroke in aged patients]. PMID- 1225028 TI - [Cerebral mediators and intracranial neoplasms]. PMID- 1225030 TI - Prostaglandins and male reproductive physiology. PMID- 1225029 TI - Phosphoprotein metabolism in primary and accessory sex tissues. PMID- 1225031 TI - [Allergy to tuberculin twenty years after the BCG vaccination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225032 TI - [Prevention of tuberculosis in mining areas. The experience of the Nord and the Pas-de-Calais basin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225033 TI - [Evaluation of five years work carried out by the coordination commission for the prevention of tuberculosis in the area of liege (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225034 TI - [Inquiry into chronic non specific lung disease among the communal staff of Rotterdam during 1970 and 1971 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225035 TI - [Tracking-down of chronic obstructive bronchial diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225036 TI - [Comparison of some methods of respiratory exploration in cases of chronic obstructive lung diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225037 TI - [Closing volume. Its importance for early detection of chronic obstructive lungdiseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225038 TI - [Development of the fight against tuberculosis in the Netherlands]. PMID- 1225039 TI - [Development of the fight against tuberculosis in France]. PMID- 1225040 TI - [The fight against tuberculosis in the Netherlands (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225041 TI - [The ambulatory treatment]. PMID- 1225042 TI - [The fight against tuberculosis in West-Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225043 TI - [The fight against tuberculosis in France (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225044 TI - [The fight against tuberculosis in Belgium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225045 TI - [Study of the prevalence of tubercular infection in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225046 TI - [Elastic properties of the lung. Comparison between static and quasi-static measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225047 TI - The advantages of a dynamic method used for graphing the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve of whole blood at pH, pCO2 and chosen temperatures. Methodology and clinical results. PMID- 1225048 TI - [Aeromycoflora in the southern and eastern parts in belgium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225049 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulas in the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225050 TI - [Pulmonary disorders after intake of nitrofurantoine. About two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225051 TI - [Controlled evaluation of a Mistabron treatment in patients with chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225052 TI - [Difference between maternal and fetal pH and the BE-ECF criteria for the evaluation of the status of the fetus during labor]. PMID- 1225053 TI - [Histoenzymatic study of some oxidative-reductive and hydrolytic enzymes in the human amnion in normal, full-term pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by nephropathy]. PMID- 1225054 TI - [Results of extraperitoneal section after Morozov]. PMID- 1225055 TI - [Frequency and prognosis of threat to the fetus in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 1225056 TI - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropins on erythropoiesis (preliminary report)]. PMID- 1225057 TI - [Hypothyroid form of luteal insufficiency]. PMID- 1225058 TI - [Determination of ejaculate properties by the method of Hynie]. PMID- 1225059 TI - [Acute appendicitis or acute adnexitis in women]. PMID- 1225060 TI - [Maternal parity and the alkaline-acid state of the child at the moment of birth]. PMID- 1225061 TI - [Methods for determining the effect of cytostatic drugs on genital carcinoma in vitro]. PMID- 1225062 TI - [Some basic trends in the expanded program of the World Health Organization in studying the problems of human reproduction]. PMID- 1225064 TI - [Case of primary carcinoma of the uterine tubes]. PMID- 1225063 TI - [Role of the midwife in protecting the reproductive function of women]. PMID- 1225065 TI - [Organization of intensive medicine]. PMID- 1225066 TI - [Anesthesia problems during surgery of the extremities in geriatric patients]. PMID- 1225067 TI - [Letter: Combination of repeated vaccinations with oral vaccination]. PMID- 1225068 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of pneumothorax]. PMID- 1225069 TI - [Substitution therapy of hemorrhagic diseases]. PMID- 1225070 TI - [An ECG cushion electrode]. PMID- 1225072 TI - [Removal of poison in oral poison intake]. PMID- 1225071 TI - [Premedication in childhood]. PMID- 1225073 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies on the rat liver following intraperitoneal administration of halothane]. PMID- 1225074 TI - [Bloodless and continuous oxygen monitoring using a transcutaneous oxygen electrode]. PMID- 1225075 TI - [Letter: Side-effects and adverse effects of digitalis therapy]. PMID- 1225076 TI - [Accidental intake of oral ovulation inhibitors through children]. PMID- 1225077 TI - [Reciprocal effects between drugs]. PMID- 1225078 TI - [Effect of diuretics on respiratory insufficiency induced by hemodynamic disorders in burn patients in the shock phase and in the phase of early toxi infection]. PMID- 1225079 TI - [Editorial: The creation of a home for anesthesiology]. PMID- 1225081 TI - [Organization of anesthesia-resuscitation departments (round table). The needs of the surgeon]. PMID- 1225080 TI - [Possible role of methylmethacrylate in cardiovascular accidents observed in orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 1225082 TI - [Surface electromagnetic rheography. Index of peripheral arterial flow in man]. PMID- 1225083 TI - [Organization of anesthesia-resuscitation departments (round table). Wards should or could be a part of anesthesia-resuscitation departments]. PMID- 1225085 TI - [Analgesia with methoxyflurane during emergency transportation]. PMID- 1225086 TI - [Experimental study, in the dog, of hemodynamic changes occurring during prolonged hypothermia and on rewarming]. PMID- 1225084 TI - [An asthma crisis after induction of anesthesia with alfatesine (CT 1341)]. PMID- 1225087 TI - [The abortive effect of halothane]. PMID- 1225088 TI - [Inhibitory effect of halothane on the uterus]. PMID- 1225089 TI - [Intrapulmonary shunt under the effect of large doses of morphine used in cardiac surgery in extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1225091 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulae of the dura mater. Clinical and radiological study of 13 cases]. AB - The authors studied 13 new cases of fistulae of the dura mater. With reference to these 13 cases, and to the literature, they propose a classification according to the type of drainage of the fistula: direct, into a dura mater lake, into a cortical vein. This clasification enables a better clinical and radiological approach to these anomalies. PMID- 1225090 TI - [Von Eulenburg's congenital paramyotonia and aptitude for military service. Cases taken from a family with 25 cases since 1789]. AB - The authors present four cases of von Eulenberg's paramyotonia. From the family history it was possible to follow the condition through seven generations since 1780; it confirms the autosomal dominant nature of genetic transmission, with almost complete penetrance. From the clinical standpoint, the condition observed is particularly pure, occurring exclusively in the cold. At no time were paralyses or adynamia independent of the myotonic phenomena and of temperature variations observed. The laboratory investigations carried out, ionic and enzyme, showed no abnormalities. Electromyographic study showed the presence of numerous true myotonic out-bursts, variable in shape and in amplitude, independant of the myotonic phenomenon, and present in the absence of exposure to cold. The effects of the condition on aptitude for military service are examined and in this respects the author recalls that the history of myotonia is intimately bound up with medico-military problems. PMID- 1225092 TI - [Recrudescence of imported malaria (apropos of 30 recent cases)]. AB - 30 cases of imported malaria were diagnosed in the Laboratoire Central de Parasitologie of the Pitie-Salpetriere C.H.U. in less than five months. The circumstances of appearance and the conditions of the patients' stay, the difficulties of the clinical diagnosis of the primary invasion, the gravity of P. falciparum attacks and the therapeutic schedules are presented. The accent is placed on the deficiencies of correctly prescribed anti-malaria chemotherapy and on the importance of information and sensitization of travellers. PMID- 1225093 TI - [Study of cell mediated immunity in Hodgkin's disease (apropos of 30 cases)]. PMID- 1225094 TI - [Tropical eosinophilia with pulmonary manifestations and postive filarial serology]. PMID- 1225095 TI - [Spontaneous hemothorax associated with a retroperitoneal hematoma during acute renal insufficiency. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1225096 TI - [Atrioventricular blocks during aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 1225097 TI - [Use of thalamic stimulators in the treatment of various types of pain]. PMID- 1225098 TI - Unusual glioma of the optic nerve. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old white girl presented with unilateral proptosis and an orbital tumor that was diagnosed histopathologically as an unusual form of glioma of the optic nerve. The optic foramen was not enlarged but the ultrasonogram indicated a definite retrobulbar mass. PMID- 1225099 TI - The treatment of acute horseshoe retinal tears by transconjunctival cryopexy. AB - During the past 6 years, 59 consecutive eyes with operculated retinal tears have been treated successfully by transconjunctival cryopexy. This type of treatment risks fewer complications than scleral buckling. Its success implies that vitreous traction upon the retina may be short lived in most eyes or that its intensity diminishes considerably after the development of a retinal tear. PMID- 1225100 TI - Granuloma pyogenicum of the conjunctiva. AB - Granuloma pyogenicum or telangiectatic granuloma is an unusual clinical lesion which may occur anywhere on the body, but on rare occasions presents with ocular manifestations. Its occurrence on the lids has been reported in several instances, but few cases of isolated conjunctival changes have been documented. The purpose of this paper is to present a previously unreported case of histologically proven bilateral granuloma pyogenicum of the conjunctiva and to alert other ophthalmologists as to its significance in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival masses. PMID- 1225101 TI - Cataract surgery: review of 500 consecutive cases. AB - We believe that most cataract extraction procedures may be good in competent hands, but that complicated techniques do not necessarily give the best results. With inexperienced residents, or the occasional surgeon, a safe, simple method needs to be used until the skill of the operating surgeon may warrant more advanced techniques. A simple cataract procedure consisting of local anesthesia, limbal-based conjunctival flap, 3 postplaced 7-0 mildly chromicized gut sutures, 2 peripheral iridotomies and tumbling extraction of the lens with capsule forceps (indirect acting) is described. The low incidence of complications of all types would seem to negate the current trend of complicating the procedure. Further reports will include large series of cataracts done by resident physicians rather than by the instructors to try to further justify this position. PMID- 1225102 TI - Modifications of lower lid ectropion procedures. PMID- 1225103 TI - Use of ophthalmic gelfilm in retinal surgery. AB - This report describes our experience with absorbable gelfilm in retinal detachment and intraocular foreign body surgical cases. The material was used as an intrascleral implant in 100 trapdoor retinal procedures. In 10 other cases it was used as a meridional implant under a silicone buckle, and in 2 cases it was used as a vitreous tamponade over the site where an intraocular foreign body was removed. The gelatin was found to be an excellent adjunct in retinal surgery. The material was easy to work with and there were no complications of erosion, extrusion, or infection. The indications for use of this material, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. PMID- 1225104 TI - Surgical management of persistent diplopia in blowout fractures of the orbit. AB - Persistent diplopia continues as a problem in a significant number of patients following the surgical management of a blowout fracture of the orbital floor even when repaired within 15 days of the traumatic incident. Inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles which have been incarcerated in a blowout fracture for longer periods have a worse prognosis for adequate functioning postoperatively. There is some presumptive evidence to suggest a myogenic or neurogenic cause for such dysfunction. Experiments with posterior fractures clearly demonstrate that the nerve entering the inferior rectus can be damaged. Vertical diplopia which persists beyond 3 months following release of entrapped muscle tissue requires surgical correction depending upon the degree of vertical dissociation. Motility surgery was required in 18 of 20 patients with persistent diplopia. Multiple muscle combinations were frequently required to achieve success. The criterion for a successful result was elimination of vertical diplopia in the primary and reading position. The elimination of persistent diplopia in association with blowout fractures of the orbit is usually possible even in late treated cases when one uses specific criteria for success. Three cases were considered cured since there was no diplopia in any direction of gaze, while 17 cases developed single binocular vision in the primary and reading positions. In these latter patients, on extreme upward or downward gaze, diplopia could still be demonstrated in all patients, especially when the individuals were specifically requested to look for diplopia. PMID- 1225105 TI - [Pharyngeal constrictors and deglutition (apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The authors describe four cases of deglutition disorders, even resulting in aphagia in two cases, in which the constrictor muscles of the pharynx were quite clearly entirely responsible. Electromanometry made diagnosis possibe for these patients and it is the only method capable of distinguishing crico-pharyngeal achalasis from paralysis of the constrictor muscles. The authors draw attention to the fundamental importance of this method of investigation in the pathology of deglutition. The propellent role of the constrictors, emphasized by some authors, rather than the upthrust of the tongues seems to be the borne theory out by these cases. Despite surgical ablation as recommended by most authors, or the spontaneous pathological disappearance of the crico-pharyngeal, the condition of the patients described was not improved; therefore it would seem wise, if a decision is taken to operate, not to make any promises to the patients about improvement of function insofar as aphagia is due to paralysis of the constrictors. Diagnosis, it should be remembered, can only be made after electromanometric investigation which is an essential preliminary to any therapeutic decision. PMID- 1225106 TI - [Routine endoscopy of the esophagus in buccal, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers]. AB - We practiced a systematic endoscopy of the upper part of the aero-digestive tract on 160 patients suffering from a cancer in the mouth, the pharynx and the upper part of the larynx. This unit, going from the mouth to the cardia does really exist: it has the same epithelial coating, the same function and is liable to suffer the same damages. It is the seat of many well-known cancerous localizations that always need to be searched for on principle when face to face with any cancer. The endoscopic examination so conceived allowed the authors to find a cancerous association on the very level of the upper sero-digestive tract among 14 per cent of the patients; 4 out of these 14 per cent having oesophageal damages impossible to detect clinically on one hand, and often radiologically on the other hand. Morever, 3 out of 7 of lesions were tiny: from 1 to 3 millimetres, extending the limits of the diagnosis of the cancer of the aesophagus and perhaps leaving better therapeutic possibilities. PMID- 1225107 TI - [Comparative analysis of electrophsiologic audiometric methods (A-EEG and ECoG)]. AB - The authors consider technical problems, problems of interpretation and significance of responses posed by electrophysiological audiometric methods (electro-encephalographic audiometry and electro-cochleography) from their personal experience involving several hundred investigations. They have attempted to assess the respective diagnostic importance of these two method while stressing the fact that they are, in fact, complementary. PMID- 1225108 TI - [Remarkable efficacy of tolnaftate on otomycoses (30 cases)]. PMID- 1225110 TI - [Pharmacological study of some capillaro-active substances]. PMID- 1225111 TI - [Analytic control of drugs containing amino acids. I. Determination of amino nitrogen]. PMID- 1225109 TI - [Ultrasonic echography for exploration of parotid tumors]. AB - The authors describe results obtained with ultrasonic echotomography for differential diagnosis of parotid tumours. A picture of the neoplasms is obtained and its benign or malignant nature is ascertained by graded sensitivity investigation. PMID- 1225113 TI - [Synthesis of some 3-substituted 4-piperazinylpyridine derivatives]. PMID- 1225112 TI - [Titration of organic bases in aqueous phenol and concentrated saline solutions]. PMID- 1225114 TI - [Thin-layer chromatography and UV spectrophotometry in qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs. II. Determination of promethazine in the presence of caffeine (or codeine) in drug mixtures]. PMID- 1225115 TI - [Significance of cyclopropane derivatives in therapeutic chemistry]. PMID- 1225116 TI - [Effect of a protein synthesis inhibitor on the acceptance and dependence of meristematic cells of Allium sativum L. on dimethyl sulfoxide]. PMID- 1225117 TI - [Embryogeny and embryogenic classification]. PMID- 1225118 TI - [The flavonoids of Ribes nigrum]. PMID- 1225119 TI - [Analysis of vinyl chloride in polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C.) with a gasometric method]. PMID- 1225120 TI - [Action of depressant drugs on tympanic reflexes (quantitative electrophysiologic study)]. PMID- 1225121 TI - [The action of phenoxybenzamine and guanethidine on global cardiovascular activity and flow of blood nutrition in the normal and hypertensive rat]. PMID- 1225122 TI - [Action of methadone on the respiration and biliary secretion of the rat]. PMID- 1225123 TI - [Determination of interfacial energy from measures of the rats of dissolution]. PMID- 1225124 TI - [Catalasic activity of macromycetes. Preparation of a purified catalase]. PMID- 1225125 TI - [Use of salts of lithium in therapeutics]. PMID- 1225126 TI - [Technic of angiographic exploration of congenital coronary anomalies in children and adults]. PMID- 1225127 TI - [An anatomo-radiological study of arterio-venous coronary fistulas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225128 TI - [Congenital anomalies in the origin and distribution of the coronary arteries arising from the aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225129 TI - [Congenital aneurysms of the coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225130 TI - [Anomalies of the coronary arteries: haemodynamic and diagnostic problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225131 TI - [Myocardial ischaemia and congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225132 TI - [Anomalies in the origin of the coronary arteries in the infant. Diagnostic problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225133 TI - [The advantages of angiographic control of the coronary trunks, before aortic valve or multiple valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225134 TI - [Surgery of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225135 TI - [Pulmonary atresia and coronary fistula with right-to-left shunt]. PMID- 1225136 TI - [Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. Personal experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225137 TI - [Coronary-pulmonary fistula with angina pectoris in a 54-year-old woman]. PMID- 1225138 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the thoracic systemic circulation with cardiological symptoms but without cardiopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225139 TI - [The Halasz syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225140 TI - [Anomalies of the pulmonary systemic circulation in congenital cardiopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225141 TI - [Comparison of haemodynamic and anatomical data for patients with anomalies of the systemic pulmonary circulation in the course of congenital cardiopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225142 TI - [The standard radiogram and the signs of systemic hypervascularization in cases of pulmonary atresia with IVC (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225143 TI - [Techniques of investigation of the systemic circulation in cases of atresia of the pulmonary arterial system (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225144 TI - [The systemic circulation in patients operated on for congenital heart diseases with pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 1225145 TI - [Collateral aorto-pulmonary circulation in cases of pulmonary atresia with interventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225146 TI - [Endovascular technic of inflatable and reledsable balloonage]. PMID- 1225147 TI - [Radiation dose measurements in intravenous pyelography]. PMID- 1225148 TI - [Metabolic changes in high-dose urography in babies]. PMID- 1225149 TI - [Systematic use of suprapubic bladder puncture for voiding cysto-urethrography in infants and children]. PMID- 1225150 TI - [Involvement of the facial skeleton in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1225151 TI - [Renal injury from blunt trauma in childhood. Radiological evaluation and review]. PMID- 1225152 TI - [Pancreatic and/or duodenal injury from blunt trauma in childhood: radiopaque examinations and radiological review]. PMID- 1225153 TI - [Diagnostic arthrography of traumatic lesions of the knee joint in children]. PMID- 1225154 TI - [Roentgenological studies on dislocations in supracondylar fractures of the humerus]. PMID- 1225155 TI - [Le phenomene du vide intra-articulaire]. PMID- 1225156 TI - [Traumatic injuries to the teeth of children]. PMID- 1225157 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of massive pulmonary haemorrhage of the newborn]. PMID- 1225159 TI - [Pseudotumor of the lungs in children]. PMID- 1225158 TI - [Hydatidosis and pulmonary staphylococcosis in the child]. PMID- 1225160 TI - [Cystic hygroma of the neck exploration with iodinated contrast media]. PMID- 1225161 TI - [Roentgenologic evaluation of pulmonary arteries in normal babies and roentgen appearance of pulmonary vascularity in young infants with congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 1225162 TI - [Complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunts]. PMID- 1225163 TI - [How accurate is the roentgen diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children]. PMID- 1225164 TI - [Lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon (2 case presentations)]. PMID- 1225165 TI - [Juvenile polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 1225166 TI - [Effect of some antibiotics and chemotherapeutic preparations on Leptospira in vitro]. AB - It was shown in vitro with the method of successive serial dilutions that polymyxin M, thilan, streptomycin, neomycin, sodium levomycetin succinate, brilliant green, tripaphlavin, azidin, aminoacrichin, and novarsenol had the most pronounced bactericidal effect on Leptospira. Combination of the antibiotics or the chemotherapeutics apart from azidin and tripaphlavin did not increase the bactericidal effect as compared to their use alone. The clinical and collection strains of Leptospira had the same sensitivity to the substances tested. The above drugs should be tested on animals with leptospirosis. PMID- 1225167 TI - [Comparison of the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin on the pharmacokinetics of penicillins in the body of rats]. AB - Trypsin and chemotrypsin administered intramuscularly to rats in doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg respectively prior to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin or oxacillin administered also intramuscularly were studied with respect to their effect on the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics. The latter 2 antibiotics were additionally studied after their oral administration. It was found that trypsin and chemotrypsin had almost the same effect on the pharmacokinetics of the penicillins in the animals, when administered intramuscularly and the effect did not depend on the doses of trypsin and chemotrypsin (2 and 10 mg/kg). No significant differences in the effect of the enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and oxacillin administered orally was registered. Combination of prior injection of every of the enzymes followed by oral administration of the semisynthetic penicillins resulted in a more pronounced increase in the levels of the antibiotics in the blood serum and organs of the rats as compared to that after intramuscular administration of the antibiotics. PMID- 1225168 TI - [Isolation of Mycoplasma from the urine of patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. AB - Bacteriological analysis of urine of 150 patients with chronic pyelonephritis was performed. As a result mycoplasma was isolated from urine of 25 patients. Mycoplasma and Coli bacteria or Proteus were isolated simultaneously from urine of 10 patients. Biochemical properties and sensitivity to antibiotics of 9 isolates were studied. The data provided recommendation of the urine analysis for the presence of mycoplasma. PMID- 1225169 TI - [Clinical morphological picture of the mucosa of the middle ear in experimental chronic otitis media in rabbits treated with combined antibiotic aerosol preparations]. AB - An new method of treating chronic purulent middle otitis with combined aerosol drugs (oxycyclosol, polysol, levovinylsol, vinysol) was developed at the USSR Research Institute on Antibiotics and tested experimentally on 20 Shinshilla rabbits. A 0.3 ml volume of microbial suspensition: Staphylococcus (group I), Ps. aeruginosa (group II), Proteus vulgaris (group III) and mixed microbial flora (group IV) were administered into the cavities of the middle ear of the rabbits from both sides. The acute process was made chronic by using decreased daily food ration and repeated putting of the rabbit extremeties into cool water. After that the rabbits were subjected to treatment with the above drugs for a week. Damages in the drum cavity mucosa with dystrophy, necrosis and cell separation were observed in the control (not treated) animals. Analogous changes were found also in the auditory tube. Signs of necrosis followed by decomposition were detected in the bone tissue. Only some thickening of the mucosa and bone wall of the drum cavity in the ears and single lymphoid and plasmic cells were recorded in the rabbits subjected to the treatment with the aerosol drugs. PMID- 1225170 TI - [Actinomadura cremea var. rifamycini, a producer of rifamycin O]. PMID- 1225171 TI - [Biosynthesis and the isolation of the new anthracyclin antibiotics, violamycins A, BI, BII and their aglycones]. AB - The conditions of fermentation, isolation and some of the physico-chemical properties of the new anthracycline antibiotics, i. e. viomycin A, BI, BII and their aglycones, produced by a strain of Streptomyces violaceus IMET JA 6844 are described. Violamycin A is mainly a complex of aminoglycosides of epsilon- and dzeta-isorhodomycinone, beta-rhodomycinone and (alpha)2-rhodomycinone. The sugar component is rhodosamine. Violomycin BI is mainly a complex of trisaccharides of the same aglycones mentioned above. The sugar components are rhodosamine, 2 desoxy-L-fucose and rhodinose. Violomycin BII is mainly a rhodosaminyl-2-desoxy-L fucosyl-derivative of epsilon- and dzeta-isorhodomycinone, beta- and epsilon rhodomycinone and (alpha)2-rhodomycinone. Violamycin complexes A, BI, BII mainly consist of 6 aglycone components which are similar to the other members of anthracyline antibiotics but can be diferentiated from them by physico-chemical and biological properties. Epsilon- and dzeta-isorhodomycinone, epsilon- and (alpha)2-rhodomycinone and dzeta-rhodomycinone one of the 8 minor components contained in the mixture of the aglycones of the violomycin complex so far has been determined as constituents of an antibiotic. PMID- 1225172 TI - [Polymorphism of a culture of Actinomyces chromogenes var. trienicus, the producer of chromotrienine]. AB - Variation of Actinomyces chromogenes var. trienicus 141-18 MSU, an organism producing trienin was studied under laboratory conditions. Nine stable spontaneous variants were isolated from the population of the initial culture when grown on Gause medium No. 1. The variants varied in differentiation and biosynthetic capacity, including such characteristics as size and form of the colonies, ability for formation of the aerial mycelium and its colour, capacity for sporulation, form of the spore chains and antibiotic production property. In the secondary structures the spores formed only in 6 variants out of 9 isolates. The spore form and spore membrane surface were close in all sporogenic variants, while there were significant differences in the structure of the sporophores. The variants forming the aerial mycelium of the same colour as that of the initial culture did not differ from it also by the nature of the spore chains (spirals with 3--8 turns). The variants with lighter aerial mycelium than that of the initial population formed straight sporophores or spirals with a small number of the turns (1--3). The comparative study of the antimicrobial spectrum of the variants and the component composition of the synthesized antibiotic complex showed that the asporogenic variants and dwarf variant signifcantly differed with respect to their phenotypes from the other cultures and had no antagonistic action. One of the assporogenic variants had only insignificant activity. All the spore forming variants did not differ from the initial culture in the complex of the antibiotics synthesized. PMID- 1225173 TI - [Effect of gamma-irradiation on some biological and physico-chemical properties of polyene antibiotics]. AB - Deep effect of gamma-rays on polyenic antibiotics was studied. It was shown that gamma-radiation induced radiation-chemical oxidation of the substances. The chromatographic analysis showed that the levorin degradation products were identical to the polyenic products of the antibiotic oxidative destruction. As for mycoheptin and amphotericin B, destruction of their molecules to non-polyenic products was observed. It was found that toxicity of the levorin aromatic heptaen did not practically change after gamma-irradiation in high doses. The toxicity of mycoheptin and amphotericin B, non-aromatic heptaens increased after exposure to high doses of gamma-rays. PMID- 1225174 TI - [Quantitative determination of the kanamycin, prednisone and ephredrine in the aerosol preparation kanpresol]. PMID- 1225175 TI - [Drug resistance of staphlococci]. PMID- 1225176 TI - [Sensitivity of Yersinia enterocolitica to antibiotics]. AB - Sensitivity of 33 foreign and 10 native strains of Y. enterocolitica to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, penicillins, levomycetin and polymyxin was studied. All the strains proved to be resistant to penicillin, oxacillin and ampicillin: they produced penicillinase. The level of resistance to penicillin did not always correlate with penicillin activity. The ability of the native strains to acquire R-factor in vitro from Coli bacteria was shown. PMID- 1225177 TI - [Optical rotary dispersion of some heptaene antibiotics]. AB - Experimental differences in the curves of the optic rotation dispersion (ORD) of cystrans-heptaenic antibiotics were found. The ORD curves of amphotericin B, mycoheptin, levorin components and isolevorin A2, components of criptomycin and candidin were registered. The curves of the ORD which were smooth had been prepared in dimethylsulphoxide in the spectral range at 450 to 600 nm. In the spectral range at 300 to 420 nm the ORD curves appeared to be anomal with a complex Kotton effect, they were prepared in methyl alcohol. The Kotton effect was probably due to asymmetry of the electron membranes of polyenic chromophore induced by the other part of the polyen molecule. This was evident from the fact that the curve of the Kotton effect was situated in the same spectral range as the absorption bond of the polyenic chromophore. The oscillating structure in the absorption spectrum and the curve of the complex Kotton effect were analogous. PMID- 1225178 TI - [Spontaneous and induced variability in Actinomyces rubiginosohelvolus, a new producer of the antibiotic rubomycin]. AB - Mutants possessing 3 times higher activity as compared to the initial culture were obtained as a result of selection of active variants of Act. rubiginosonelvolus, a new organism producing rubomycin against the background of variation induced by N-methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrozoguinidine, diethylsulphate and their combinations. Further selection among the mutants stable to 6 mercaptopurine and riboflavine resulted in obtaining an active culture No. 3912 at least 7 times more active with respect to rubomycin production than the initial soil culture. PMID- 1225179 TI - [Effect of lyophilization methods on the formation of free radicals, the survivability and makeup of a population of the lincomycin producer]. AB - It was shown that a short-time exposure of the spores of Act. roseolus 981 to air (oxygen) on their lyophilization by the chamber method resulted in formation of increased numbers of the free radicals in the lyophilized spores suspension and decreased the survival of the spores on their further storage under vacuum. The phenomena were less pronounced when the exposure of the spores to the air was excluded by using the collector method of lyophilization. This testified to the advantages of the latter method as compared to the chamber one. No effect of the lyophilization methods on the population composition of the spontaneous variants of Act. roseolus 981 was observed. PMID- 1225180 TI - [Optimization of the nutrient medium makeup for the biosynthesis of carminomycin using mathematical methods of experimental design]. AB - The nutrient medium for biosynthesis of carminomycin by Actinomadura carminata, strain 4281 was optimized with the methods of mathematical planning of the experiment. The starting variant of the medium, production of carminomycin on which was assumed equal to 100 per cent was enriched during the experiments carried out according to the patterns of the orthogonal latin squares. The production levels of carminomycin on the above medium was more than 3 times higher than those on the starting medium. PMID- 1225181 TI - [New antibiotically active fluoroglucide from Pseudomonas aurantiaca]. AB - A new metabolite with an antibiotic activity against grampositive bacteria in concentrations of 0.1--1.0 gamma/ml was isolated from the culture fluid of Pseudomonas aurantiaca. The study of its physico-chemical properties showed that it was di-2,4-diacetylfluoroglucylmethan. The conclusion was confirmed by synthetic studies. Di-2,4-diacetylfluoroglucylmethan belongs to the group of the antibiotics, derivatives of fluoroglucin, characteristics metabolites of Pseudomonas aurantiaca. PMID- 1225182 TI - [Trichothecene inactivation by proteolytic enzymes from Trichothecium roseum Lk ex Fr]. AB - Trichothecium roseum Lk ex Fr produces simultaneously trichothecin and proteolytic enzymes possessing fibrinolytic, thrombolytic and esterase activity. In addition to the function of splitting and consuming the substrate, the proteolytic enzymes of T. roseum are probably able to hydrolize the other bond in the molecule of trichothecin, which results in partial inactivation of the antibiotic in both the fungus culture and the model experiment on trichothecin contact with the preparations of the proteolytic enzymes. Presence of proteases of T. roseum may be considered as a protective mechanism for detoxication of the metabolites toxic for the organism. PMID- 1225183 TI - [Mathematical model for the control and standardization of discs]. AB - Analysis of tetracycline and erythromycin diagnostic discs manufactured in the USSR showed their conformity with the requirements of the USA Federal Register. Comparison of the antibiotic amounts extracting and diffusing from the discs showed that as an average 92 and 90 per cent of the extracted amounts of erythromycin and tetracycline respectively diffused into the agar. Subsequently, it is desirable that on control testing of the disc quality both the similarity of the antibiotic content in the discs and the real amount of the antibiotic diffusing into the agar should be considered. A statistically reliable correlation between the values of the growth inhibition zones around the discs with definite and constant amounts of erythromycin, tetracycline or oxacillin and different resistance levels for every staphylococcal strain was found. On the basis of such a control system it is possible to divide the staphyloccal strains into the groups with high, low and intermediate resistance levels to the above antibiotics. However, it is not possible to use such data for accurate calculation of the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration of unknown strains because of a high value of the main error. PMID- 1225184 TI - [Joint action of nitrofuran preparations and bile acids on bacteria of the genus Proteus]. AB - Sensitivity of 25 fresh isolates of Proteus to some nitrofuran drugs most widely used in the clinical practice, such as furacillin, furagin, furazolidone and nitrofurantoin was studied. When the drugs were used in combination with some bile acids, i.e. desoxycholic, dehydrocholic, cholic and glycocholic acids, significant in vitro potentiation of the antibacterial activity of the nitrofurans against the isolates was observed. The combinations of the drugs with desoxycholic acid proved to be most effective. In the presence of this acid the bacteriostatic dose of the drugs decreased several thousand times. Combination of the nitrofurans with the other acids resulted in an increase in the antimicrobial activity amounting to several hundred times. The combinations of the drugs with the bile acids had not only bacteriostatic but also bactericidal effect. PMID- 1225185 TI - [New producer of carminomycin, Actinomycer cremeospinus sp. nov]. AB - An actinomycete strain No. 85 was isolated from a soil sample on media with bleomycin. It was described as a representative of a new species. Actinomyces cremeospinus sp. nov. An antibiotic substance identical with carminomycin, an antitumor antibiotic was isolated from the culture fluid of the strain. PMID- 1225187 TI - [Polymorphism of a culture of the chromomycin producer, Actinomyces aburaviensis var. verrucosus]. AB - Polymorphism of the chromomycin-producing orgnaism Act. aburaviensis var. verrucosus 144--3 was studied. The stable variants differed in the morphologo cultural properties, assimilation of the carbon sources, the component composition of the luminescence substances and the quantitative property of the antibiotic production. A substance with violet luminescence was found in the culture of varient I in addition to chromomycin. Similarity of the phenotypes observed in variants 1 and 2 when grown on complex organic media is explained by intensive chromomycin production by variant 1 on such media. Active colonies may be selected according to the colour due to chromomycin. Forms with an activity almost 4 times higher than that of the initial culture were found among the colonies of variant 2. PMID- 1225186 TI - [Production of active mutants of a new species of rifamycin producer resistant to specific actinophage]. AB - Selection of a phage-stable strain of a new species of the rifamycin-producing organism was carried out. The phage-stable mutants were selected with respect to the virulent phage 2739 isolated from a lysogenic culture of the rifamycin producing organism. Spontaneous phage-stable mutants formed at a rate of 0.8 per cent. Most of them belonged to the morphological colony type with a decreased activity level. No shifts in variation with respect to the property of the antibiotic production were noted under the action of phage 2739. 62 per cent of the phage-stable variants isolated from the secondary growth colonies after infection with the phage were lysogenic and liberated phage 2739 to the culture fluid. Induction of mutations with MNNG, UV and gamma(Co30) rays increased the frequency of the phage-stable mutanta by 1.5 times. Active phage-resistant mutants stable to the phage because of its adsorption and liberating no phage 2739 into liquid media during its cultivation were selected. PMID- 1225188 TI - [Isolation of new species of the genus Actinomadura on selective media with streptomycin and bruneomycin]. AB - In the screening programme using selective media with streptomycin (25, 50 and 100 gamma/ml) and bruneomycin (0.5, 1 and 2 gamma/ml) 3 unusual actinomycetous cultures forming short, rarely long chains of straight, hook-like or spiral spores with 1 or rarely 2 turns were isolated. The study of the cell wall composition of the isolates showed that the walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and a sugar madurose. On the basis of the morphological structure and the cell wall composition the isolates were classified as belonging to Actinomadura. Comparison of the cultures with the Actinomadura species described in the literature showed that the isolates were new species of the genera, i. e. Am. coerulea sp. nov., Am. cremea sp. nov. and Am. salmonea sp. nov. PMID- 1225189 TI - [Study of the biologically active pigments of Actinomyces atrovirens]. PMID- 1225190 TI - [Study of the effect of certain factors on the process of tetracycline antibiotic crystallization]. AB - Since such factors as temperature and time of the process had a significant effect on the residual activity of the mother solution during crystallization of tetracyclines, it was necessary to study the effect of the above factors on the process for determination of the crystallization optimal conditions. The experimental data provided creation of the regression equations and the curves for similar levels of the main parameters for tetracycline and oxytetracycline were calculated. The lowest values of the mother solution activity within the ranges tested were observed at the temperature of 2 degrees and the time of 3 hours. PMID- 1225191 TI - [Study of the flocculation of native solutions of novobiocin and oleandomycin]. PMID- 1225192 TI - [Study of the antiviral action of gentamicin]. AB - Experimental data on the effect of various concentrations of gentamycin on reproduction of VEE and Sindbis viruses in tissue culture are presented. It was found that gentamycin had no cytotoxic effect on the primary tripsinized chick embryon fibroblasts (CEF) when used in doses of 10, 20 or 30 mg/ml and only when used in a dose of 50 mg/ml it induced 50 percent destruction of the cell layer. Multiplication of the VEE and Sindbis viruses in the culture of CEF was inhibited in the presence of gentamycin by 1.5--3.5 lg PFU/ml. Two stages in the virus inhibiting effect of gentamycin were determined on the model of VEE, i. e. the stage of inhibition in the absence of visible damages of the cells and the stage associated with their destruction. The doses of gentamycin higher than 3 mg/ml inhibited in parallel the virus specific synthesis and synthesis of the cell proteins and nucleic acids. At the same time, when gentamycin was used in a dose of 10 mg/ml, no impairement of the cell viability was observed and the cell capacity to produce high titers of the model virus was reduced after incubation without the antibiotic for 24 hours. The antiviral activity of gentamycin were therefore determined by revers inhibition of the cell metabolic activity. PMID- 1225193 TI - [Methods for detecting drug-resistant staphylococci in the human body under natural conditions]. AB - Two methods were compared for determination of drug resistant staphylococci on the nasal mucosa of patients, i. e. the routine method for determination of staphylococcal sensitivity to antibiotics and the method of direct plating out of the starting material onto agarized media containing antibiotics. Staphylococci resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, monomycin, axacillin and less frequent to penicillin were found more often with the 2nd method. A method of proportions was developed for testing sensitivity of staphylococci in purulent inflammatory foci of the patients. It provided characterization of the staphylococcal population from the foci by the number of the antibiotic resistant microbial cells. PMID- 1225195 TI - [Efficient use of a combination of ampicillin and chymotrypsin]. AB - The effect of chimotripsin on the level and duration of the ampicillin concentration increase in rats, as well as the effect of the enzyme on the in vitro antibiotic detection in the blood serum and organ homogenates of the animals was studied. It was found that rational combined use of ampicillin and chimotripsin required the enzyme administration not later than 1 hour before the antibiotic injection. Chimotripsin provided increased ampicillin levels in the blood serum and liver of the rats for at least 5 hours and in the kidneys and lungs for at least 4 hours. The enzyme present in the rats for 2 hours had no effect on determination of ampicillin activity in vitro in the presence of the blood serum and organ homogenates of the animals. PMID- 1225194 TI - [Action of antibiotic combinations with furacilin on the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in intact NAG-vibrio cells]. AB - Furacillin in combination with such antibiotics as tetracycline, levomycetin or neomycin inhibited the synthesis of proteins in the cells of NAG-vibrios. Combination of 8 gamma/ml of furacillin and 0.125 gamma/ml of tetracycline inhibited the protein synthesis by 58.8 per cent, 8 gamma/ml of furacillin and 0.5 gamma/ml of levomycetin inhibited the synthesis by 61 per cent, 8 gamma/ml of furacillin and 4 gamma/ml of neomycin inhibited it by 59.5 per cent. At the same time furacillin alone in concentrations of 16 and 8 gamma/ml inhibited the protein synthesis by 69.1 and 37 per cent respectively, tetracycline alone in doses of 0.25 and 0.125 gamma/ml inhibited it by 51.3 and 34.7 per cent respectively, levomycetin alone in doses of 1 and 0.5 gamma/ml inhibited it by 54.4 and 33.2 per cent, enomycin in doses of 8 and 4 gamma/ml inhibited it by 54.4 and 22.6 per cent respectively. Therefore, when the above antibiotics were used in combination with furacillin the inhibitory effect of the drugs on the protein synthesis was summarized. When furacillin was combined with tetracycline or levomycetin in the above concentrations, the inhibitory effect on RNA synthesis (42 or 32 per cent respectively) was lower than that of furacillin alone (50.5 per cent). When furacillin was used in combination with neomycin, the inhibition of RNA synthesis increased up to 69 per cent. The increase in the inhibitory effect was also noted with respect to the synthesis of DNA. Combination of furacillin with tetracycline, levomycetin or neomhcin decreased the synthesis of DNA by 79.7, 85 or 85.8 per cent respectively as compared to the inhibitory effect of 8 gamma/ml of furacillin equal to 61 per cent. PMID- 1225196 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of glycocycline administered intraportally]. PMID- 1225197 TI - [Functional state of the adrenal cortex in experimental animals administered leyorin and its sodium salt perorally]. AB - The effect of oral levorin and its sodium salt on the function of the adrenal cortex was studied experimentally on albino rats. The functional activity of the adrenal cortex was tested by the content of corticosterone in the peripheral blood determined fluorometrically. The results showed that levorin in a dose of 300 000 Unit/kg and its sodium salt in doses of 300 000 and 1 200 000 Units/kg used orally induced at definite periods of their administration a decrease in the corticosterone blood levels. At the same time a decrease in the weight coefficients of the thymus and prostate was observed. PMID- 1225198 TI - [Study of the therapeutic effectiveness of oxacillin in treating the infectious forms of syphilis]. AB - Data on efficiency of oxacillin therapy as applied to 45 patients with contagious forms of syphilis are presented. The drug was administered orally and intramuscularly to 40 and 5 patients respectively for 20 days. The periods of clearance from Trepanoma pallidum, disappearance of the external syphilis manifestations and the rate of the decrease in the titer of the serological reaction reagins are presented. The levels of oxacillin in the blood serum of 24 patients were determined for 5--6 hours from the moment of the treatment beginning. The study showed therapeutic efficiency of oxacillin. PMID- 1225199 TI - [Acid-base properties and the thermodynamics of amphotericin B ionization in aqeous solutions]. AB - Acid-base properties of amphotericin B, polyenic antibiotic in aqueous solutions was studied. A special procedure provided the use of potentiometric titration for investigation of ionization of the groups of the water-insoluble substance. The ionization constants of the carboxylic and amine groups of the antibiotic were determined at several temperatures. It was found that ionization of the acid group did not depend on the temperature. At the same time the heat effect of the amine group ionization was significant and amounted to about 10 kcal/mole. Thermodynamic analysis of the ionization process of amphotericin B in aqueous solutions was performed. Integral components defining the process energetics were calculated. PMID- 1225200 TI - [Lysogeny in a new species of rifamycin producer]. PMID- 1225201 TI - [Action of heliomycin on the incorporation of labelled protein precursors and nucleic acid in Staphylococcus aureus cells]. AB - In concentrations of 0.05-0.10 gamma/ml geliomycin suppresses inclusion of C14 uracyl into the acid-soluble fractions of the staphylococcal cells. Inclusion of C14-leucine at the same concentrations of the antibiotics was suppressed to a lesser extent. The above concentrations of geliomycin had practically no effect on inclusion of C14-thimine. Suppression of C14-uracyl inclusion was observed in 5 minutes of the cell incubation with the antibiotic, a significant decrease in C14-leucine inclusion being observed only in 30 minutes of the incubation. The effect of geliomycin on the staphylococcal cells within the concentrations inhibiting the microbial growth and suppressing inclusion of labeled uracyl and leucine into the cells was of the bacteriostatic nature. It was supposed that the antibacterial effect of geliomycin was based on suppression of RNA synthesis. PMID- 1225202 TI - [Changes in the mitotic regime of cultures of continuous human amniotic cells (line A1) subjected to the action of decamethoxin]. AB - The effect of decamethoxin solutions on the cultures of the permanent line of the amniotic human cells (A1) was studied. In concentrations of 1000 and 50-500 gamma/ml decamethoxin induced fixation of the cell layer and destruction of cells A1 respectively. Higher dilutions of decamethoxin from 10 to 0.1 gamma/ml induced suppression of the mitotic activity and arrest of the cells in the telophase. Possible causes of the changes in the mitotic regimen are discussed. Therefore, decamethoxin slackened the cell dividing process in vitro and blocked passage of the cells from the telophase into period G1 of the interphase. PMID- 1225203 TI - [Biological and physicochemical properties of the alpha- and beta-forms of cephaloridine]. AB - Alfa- and delta forms of cephalosporin were compared. Biological activity, lantimicrobial spectrum and innocuousness of the forms and their physico-chemical properties were investigated with the methods of infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry and derivatography. No significant differences in the biological properties of alfa- and delta forms of cephalosporin were found. However, the ingrared spectrum of the delta-form was indicative of higher stability of its molecule, which was confirmed by higher thermostability of delta cephalosporin. PMID- 1225204 TI - [Gentamicin stability and a method for its quantititive determination]. AB - Stability of gentamycin in solutions at various pH levels was studied. It was shown that in acid media inactivation proceeded according to the equation of the 1st order reaction. Dependence of the inactivation rate constant on the temperature corresponded to Arrenium equation. A polarimetric procedure for determination of gentamycin providing the assay of the antibiotic levels at various purification stages biginning from the eluates after the ion-exchange columns is described. The results obtained with the above procedure were shown to correlate satisfactorily with those of the microbiological analysis. PMID- 1225205 TI - [Method of oblique illumination in studying the morphology of Staphylococcus aureus colonies sensitive and resistant to antibiotics]. AB - The morphology of the colonies of Staph. aureus sensitive and resistant to antibiotics and the colonies with artificial resistance to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, methicillin, cephaloridin and lincomycin was studied with the method of slanting light. Changes in the morphology of the colonies were most pronounced at the beginning of the microbial resistance development first of all in the cultures of Staph. aureus resistant to cephaloridin and lincomycin. PMID- 1225206 TI - [Effect of penicillin on the intensity of formation of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal populations in the suppurative foci of patients]. AB - The dynamics of sensitivity to penicillin of staphylococcal populations in purulent inflammatory foci of patients treated and not treated with antibiotics was estimated according to 4 indices. No reliable differences in the dynamics of sensitivity to penicillin were found in 2 groups of the patients, when estimation was performed with respect to the frequency of the penicillin resistant or penicillin sensitive staphylococci and detection of the penicillin resistant staphylococci by direct inoculation of the focal excretion to the medium with penicillin. A reliable increase in the percentage of the penicillin resistant staphylococci in the microbial population was observed only in the patients treated with penicillin. PMID- 1225207 TI - [Microexudation phenomenon in the testing of antibiotics]. AB - Changes in formation of the surface protein-polysaccharide layer (microexudate) on the cell surface under the action of inhibitor antibiotics, such as puromycin, actinomycin D and mitomycin C, as well as protein substances with adhesive action, such as horse serum and triprotamine in low doses were characterized quantitatively on a model of HeLa cells ellipsometrically. Under the action of puromycin, actinomycin D and mitomycin C formation of the microexudate ceased, which was in full accordance with the data on ceasation of the intracellular synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA under the action of the above antibiotics respectively. Inhibition of the microexudate formation was reversible. Still, the time of the inhibitory effect of puromycin and actinomycin D was longer than that of mitomycin C. Under the action of horse serum and triprotamine production of the microexudate by the cells was increased and accelerated. Accounting with the relative simplicity of the ellipsometric method and possibility of rapid estimation of the results, the data substantiate the expediency of using the phenomenon of microexudation as a cytopharmacological test. PMID- 1225208 TI - [Change in the alkaline phosphatase activity and glycogen content in the leukocytes of white rat blood under the influence of penicillin preparations]. AB - The contents of alkaline phosphatase and glycogen in the neutrophils of the peripheral blood of unbred albino rats weighing 170-200 gm were determined. Benzylpenicillin and oxacillin in doses of 50000 and 20000 Units/kg respectively were administered intramuscularly once a day over a long period of time. Two phase changes in the contents of alkaline phosphatase and glycogen under the effect of penicillin were found. An increase in their contents was observed on the 5-10th days then it was followed by a decrease. Increase in the contents of the metabolites proceeded simultaneously with enhancing of the digestive capacity of the leucocytes and activity of lysozyme in them. PMID- 1225209 TI - [Effect of streptomycin on the hearing function]. AB - One of the main problems of the modern medicines within the last 10-15 years has been so-called drug disease. Toxic effect of the aminoglucoside antibiotics and streptomycin on the vestibular and auditory analysers is one of frequent and severe complications of their use. According to the author's observations treatment of 200 patients with streptomycin resulted in affection of their hearing in 40 to 80 cases. The ototoxicity was confirmed by audiograms, while the level of clinical signs and subjective complains did not always coincided with the audiograms. Audiometry should be performed at the beginning of the treatment and before the repeated courses of streptomycin therapy, and later it should be repeated during the treatment course every 10-15 days. Under the experimental conditions low doses of streptomycin used at early stages induced fine damages in the sensor cells of the cochlea which could be detected only histochemically. PMID- 1225210 TI - [Actinomyces fulvoviolaceus ver. achromogenes var. nov., a producer of the new heptaene complex, fulvomycin]. AB - An actinomycetous culture designated as LIA-0721 was isolated from a soil sample. It was close to Act. fulvoviolaceus by its morphologo-cultural features and differed from it in production of melanoid pigments and the spectrum of carbohydrate assimilation. This justified its classification as Act. fulvoviolaceus var. achromogenes var. nov. The culture produced new aromatic heptaens, i. e. fulvomycins A, B and C. Their physico- chemical and biological characteristics are presented. PMID- 1225211 TI - [Effect of the degree of dilution of the antibiotic fermentation broths on the filtration indices]. AB - Dilution of the fermentation broths with water before the mycelium separation lowered the specific cake resistance. The effect of the dilution on the filtration duration was different and depended on the fermentation broth type. As for the erythromycin fermentation broth, the time of its filtration decreased after the dilution, while the filtration time of the fermentation broths of the other 2 antibiotic-producing organisms increased after the dilution. PMID- 1225212 TI - [Effect of thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid on tetracycline, erythromycin and levomycetin activity]. AB - The effect of antibiotics was estimated by inhibition of the protein increase in the broth culture of Staph, aureus during incubation at a temperature of 37 degrees for 18 hours. In some experiments preincubation of the antibiotic solutions with the vitamins for 2 hours at light and in dark was used. The antibiotic concentrations in gamma per 1 ml were equal to those of the vitamins. In the experiments with tetracycline and 2-hour preincubation at light the antibiotic in a concentration of 0.1gamma ml inhibited for certain the protein increase by 58.9%, in combination with thiamin it inhibited the protein by 60 per cent and in combination with ascorbic acid by 59%. Riboflavin lowered the activity of tetracycline to a value not differing for certain from the control one. In the experiments with preincubation in dark tetracycline inhibited the protein increase by 55.2%, in combination with thiamin it inhibited the protein increase by 50.5%, in combination with riboflavin by 53% and in combination with ascorbic acid by 57.2%. Erythromycin in a concentration of 0.03gamma/ml when preincubated at light inhibited the protein increase by 48.8% and in combinations with thiamin, riboflavin or ascorbic acid by 23, 27, 47.2% respectively. When preincubated in the darkness erythromycin alone inhibited the protein increase by 47.8% and in combinations with thiamin, riboflavin or ascorbic acid by 32.5, 51.1 or 49.8% respectively. The above vitamins has no effect on levomycetin activity. PMID- 1225213 TI - [Study of the sensitivity of Halprowia (microorganisms of the OLT group) isolated in joint pathology to antibiotics and sodium sulfapyridazine in in ovo experiments]. AB - Sensitivity to antibiotics and sodium sulfapiridasin of the microorganisms of group OLT, i. e. Halprowia and Chlamidia isolated from the joint fluid and synovial of the affected joints in patients with rheumatoid or non-specific infectious arthritis and Raiter syndrome was studied in ovo. The data provided determination of the spectrum of their sensitivity to various drugs. The antibiotics of the tetracycline group, i. e. olemorphocycline, tetracycline and rondomycin were shown to have the highest inhibitory effect. Penicillin and ampicillin only delayed the death of the infected embryons. As for kanamycin and streptomycin used in the doses tested, the agents were not sensitive to them. The isolates were also resistant to sodium sulfapiridasin which once more confirmed the questionable value of this criterion for differentiation of Halprowia. PMID- 1225214 TI - [Dicloxacillin: its chemotherapeutic action and experimental kinetic characteristics]. AB - Activity against 50 clinical staphylococcal strains, chemotherapeutic efficiency, absorption and distribution of dicloxacillin in animals were studied in comparison with oxacillin. It was found that dicloxacillin was superior to oxacillin with respect to a number of their properties. The antibiotic was characterized by a higher antistaphylococcal activity, especially with respect to methicillin resistant strains. It was more effective in treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia and septicopiemia of albino mice. The drug was better absorpted when used orally and was detected in the blood in therapeutic concentrations for long periods of time. The antibacterial titer of the blood serum after dicloxacillin administration was 4 times higher than that of oxacillin. PMID- 1225215 TI - [Comparative study of the circulation of semisynthetic cephalosporins in the blood of rabbits]. AB - Circulation of 4 semisynthetic cephalosporins, such as cephaloridin, cephalotin, cephradin and cephacetryl in the blood of rabbits after their intramuscular administration in single doses of 5 or 20 mg/kg was studied. The above antibiotics were satisfactorily absorbed into the blood reaching the maximum level within 15 to 30 minutes. The blood levels of cephalotin were the lowest and the rate of its elimination from the blood was higher than that of the other drugs. A four-fold increase in the doses of cephalosporins was not accompanied by a proportional increase in their levels in the rabbit blood, the time of the antibiotic circulation in the blood being not significantly changed. PMID- 1225217 TI - [Deformations of the laryngo-tracheal axis during changes in body position. Study using moulages]. PMID- 1225216 TI - [Study of the action of nystatin on the plasmatic membranes of the liver of rabbits]. AB - The effect of mystatin on the plasmic membranes of the rabbit liver after intravenous administration of the antibiotic to the animals in a dose of 5 mg/kg was studied. It was found that intravenous administration of nystatin had no effect on the quantitative content of protein, lipids and nucleic acids in the plasmic membranes of the liver. The method of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel revealed significant changes in the composition of the liver membrane protein due to the treatment with nystatin. The effect of nystatin on the composition of lipids and fatty acids contained in the membrane lipids was also investigated. The data of the thin layer chromatography showed that nystatin did not affect the qualitative composition and the content of separate lipid fractions in the lipids of the liver plasmic membranes. However, the fatty acid analysis of the membrane lipids after intravenous administration of nystatin revealed a number of qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of the lipid fatty acids of the membranes tested. The results showed that nystatin affected the membrane structures of the rabbit liver cells. PMID- 1225218 TI - [Cellulo-adipose sliding spaces of the masticatory apparatus]. PMID- 1225219 TI - [Lumbar nerves and their sympathetic connections in man. Data on 17 dissections]. PMID- 1225220 TI - [Variations in the origin of the renal artery (apropos of 800 arteriographies)]. PMID- 1225221 TI - [Correlations between angular measurements of the base of the skull]. PMID- 1225222 TI - [The Spix spine: anatomic study of a homogeneous population (50 cases)]. PMID- 1225223 TI - [Study of the vascularization of the scapulo-humeral capsule. Anatomic data and surgical application]. PMID- 1225224 TI - [Effect of monosodium L-glutamate on the morphogenesis of newborn rats]. PMID- 1225225 TI - [Rate of growth and pre-pubertal increase in height in French children]. PMID- 1225226 TI - [Correlations between morphometric types of the anterior peroneal muscle and indices of the foot in man]. PMID- 1225227 TI - [Results of a study of the medico-social infrastructure in the district of Louvain]. PMID- 1225228 TI - [Health indicators for the quality of life in the district of Louvain]. PMID- 1225229 TI - [Epidemiological studies of aspecific chronic bronchopneumopathies in homogenous groups of employees of the city of Naples: preliminary results]. PMID- 1225230 TI - [Epidemiological studies of chronic bronchitis in the auxiliary personnel of the A. Cadarelli Hospital. Preliminary results]. PMID- 1225231 TI - [Studies of the incidence of aspecific chronic bronchopneumopathies in auxiliary personnel and hospital service personnel of the V. Monaldi Hospital. Preliminary results]. PMID- 1225233 TI - [Exogenous factors related to chronic bronchitis as determined by multi-center studies in the city of Naples. Presentation and interpretation of the results]. PMID- 1225232 TI - [Current epidemiological studies in iron industry workers]. PMID- 1225234 TI - [Exogenous factors related to chronic bronchitis as determined by multi-center studies in the city of Naples. Motivation, general plan and methods of the study]. PMID- 1225235 TI - [Atmospheric pollution in the city of Naples: presentation of the problem, planning of controls, preliminary results concerning sedimentary dusts collected during the year 1973]. PMID- 1225236 TI - [Anatomo-functional correlations in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 1225237 TI - [Clinical use of isotope-angiocardiopneumography in pneumology and cardiology]. PMID- 1225238 TI - [Sn-calcium gluconate-Tc99m complex--a new positive indicator in pulmonary oncoscintigraphy]. PMID- 1225239 TI - [Case of mixed vascular dysembryoma of the mediastinum]. PMID- 1225240 TI - [Left paramediastinal opacity with contralateral acute empyema]. PMID- 1225241 TI - [Structural dialectic of consciousness]. PMID- 1225242 TI - [Factoral structure of anxiety: normal and neurotic anxiety]. PMID- 1225243 TI - [What is the purpose of phenomenology?]. PMID- 1225244 TI - [Butaclamol in acute schizophrenia]. PMID- 1225245 TI - [Proceedings: Congenital chloric diarrhea. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 1225246 TI - [Editorial: The human chromosomal map]. PMID- 1225247 TI - [Blood insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance tests in the obese child. Influence of age, sex, degree and duration of obesity]. AB - A significant increase in basic and post-stimulation insulin secretion was observed in 173 obese children undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests. The hyperinsulinism, which was not related to hyperclycemia, was more important in older and heavier children. It was also observed however in younger children since the onset of obesity. It may therefore play a role in the maintenance of the obesity but also in its development. Various hypothesis to explain the origin of this hyperinsulinism and the adaptation of the system to it are discussed. PMID- 1225248 TI - [A form of late propionic acidemia]. AB - Report of 3 cases of propionic acidemia which concern one boy (O.M.) in whom a formed diagnosis of hyperglycemia with ketosis had been established, and two sisters (C.V. and K.V.) of another family. The activities of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in O.M. and C.V. fibroblasts were reduced to 4.5 and 2.5% of control. After two severe metabolic crisis, at 6 and 44 months of age, O.M. has at the present time (11yrs) a normal psychical development, and very few neurological disorders. Propionic acidemia was manifested only at 34 months of age in C.V. with a very severe crisis of acidoketosis with hypoglycemia, leading to neurological sequellae which are still important at 56 months of age. The disease was entirely latent in K.V. at 26 months, when the diagnosis was proven; it remains latent at 40 months. These case reports represent a special form of propionic acidemia with late clinical expression. Biological evolution does not seem to be affected by prolonged administration of biotine. PMID- 1225250 TI - [Proceedings: Major blood eosinophilia in infants. Discussion of a case]. PMID- 1225249 TI - [Association of Fanconi's disease and hepatic tumor in a patient undergoing long term androgen treatment]. AB - A Fanconi's disease was discovered in a 9 1/2 year old girl. She received androgens daily and died with a severe aplastic attack after 4 years of evolution. Hepatic involvement of treatment with androgens was regularly checked. Autopsy however, showed a multinodular adenoma of the liver without any malignant manifestation. Relationships between aplastic anemia, long-term treatment with androgens and tumour of the liver are discussed. The difficulty of in vivo diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 1225251 TI - [Proceedings: New case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Attempt at treatment using adenine]. PMID- 1225253 TI - [Proceedings: Rod myopathy ("nemaline myopathy"). A new fatal case]. PMID- 1225252 TI - [Proceedings: Case of acute idiopathic recurring pericarditis]. PMID- 1225254 TI - [Proceedings: Results and duration of phototherapy of icterus in newborn and premature infants. Effect of light on non-albumin-bound bilirubin]. PMID- 1225255 TI - [Proceedings: Disorders of hemostasis and respiratory distress in the newborn infant: hyaline membrane disease and transient respiratory distress]. PMID- 1225256 TI - [Experimental results with new radiopharmaceuticals in autochthon brain tumors of rats (author's transl)]. AB - It could be demonstrated by own investigations that ENU-tumors (brain-tumors induced with Ethyl-Nitroso-Urea) are better for clinical questions than the usual transplantation tumors. In this experimental study the temporal and quantitative condition of accumulation of 64Cu-Dimethylglyoxim and 59Fe-Acetyl-Acetone was investigated in rats with ENU-tumors compared with 99mTc-Pertnetate and and 67Ga Citrate to answer the questions wether 64Cu-Dimethylglyoxim and 59Fe-Acetyl Acetone are qualified for brain scanning. 64Cu-Dimethylglyoxim and 59Fe-Acetyl Acetone show like 99mTc-Pertechnetate and 67Ga-Citrate certain affinity to the tumor. At the same time they accumulate in healthy tissues, too. The kinetice of the single radiopharmaceuticals is different. The rates of accumulation of 64Cu Dimethylglyoxim after 24 hours and of 59Fe-Acetyl Acetone after 4 hours correspond to the rates of accumulation of 99mTc-Pertechnetate after 1 hour. Opposite to this rates of accumulation of 67Ga-Citrate are, because of the high accumulation in the bone, distinctly worse. There are 3 consequences: 1. Brain scintigraphical investigations should not be made with 67Ga-Citrate. 2. Brain scans with 64Cu-Dimethylglyoxim and 59Fe-Acetyl-Acetone will give no better results than scans with 99mTc-Pertechnetate. 3. Further investigations with 64Cu Dimethylglyoxim and 59Fe-Acetyl-Acetone are not indicated. PMID- 1225257 TI - [On the mode of action of heterologous antileukemic sera. Growth of syngeneically transplanted leukemia cells on serum treated neonatally thymectomized mice (author's transl)]. AB - A heterologous antiserum against a Nitrosomethylurea--induced mouse leukemia prevented the outgrowth of syngeneically transplanted leukemia cells in neonatally thymectomized mice. After subcutaneous challenge with 50 000 leukemia ascites cells thymectomized CBA mice at the age of 8 weeks were given 5 intraperitoneal injections each of 0,1 ml of the heterologous serum. While the antileukemic serum protected 9 out of 11 mice all of the 11 mice treated with normal rabbit serum developed a tumor. The absence of the thymus was confirmed by macroscopic control and by the absence of antibodies against the injected rabbit serum. With regard to previous findings showing a cooperation of heterologous antibodies with host cells as responsible for the antileukemic effect this result indicates that the effector cells are thymus-independent. PMID- 1225258 TI - [Relationship between patient delay and prognosis in gastric cancer in an unselected population (author's transl)]. AB - Whereas the morphology of malignant neoplastia is well known, exact information on the natural history of cancer is lacking. Some hints in this direction can be gained from detailed observations of the course of disease and from correlations between duration of history and prognosis. In the literature, views on the dependence of prognosis on duration of delay are conflicting. This was the reason why we examined this relationship in gastric cancer in the region of Erfurt, GDR, based on the unselected data of the cancer registry. 1838 cases of gastric cancer in male in 1960--1969 could be evaluated concerning prognosis and patient delay. In 2575 cases, relationship between duration of delay and clinical stage as well as mode of treatment could be investigated. From the statistical evaluation it was concluded that a long history is a sign of a less aggressive tumour growth. A short delay seems to be an index of adverse host-tumour relations. Better treatment results can be expected by shortening of patient delay. Possibilities to change the situation are discussed. A more centralized organisation of surgical care is proposed. PMID- 1225259 TI - [Problems in the diagnostic of primary gastric stump cancer and recurrences of gastric cancer. A comparison of X-ray diagnostic and endoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - X-ray findings and gastroscopic findings of patients with primary gastric stump cancer and recurrences of gastric cancer are compared. These findings are compared with the observations of operations. The reasons of false diagnoses and doubtful tentative diagnoses were analyzed. In the analysis of X-ray pictures especially the benign operative caused and the postoperative alterations of the wall and mucosa of the stomach must delimit from infiltrative and polypous increasing tumors. The postoperative control examination may be valuable for the diagnosis, because it gives the possibilities for comparison. Roentgenography in double contrast relieves the diagnosis. Stenosing processes of the cardia and anastomose causes difficulties in differential diagnosis in gastroscopy opposite to scared alterations. The aimed biopsy improves the tumor protection. Both examination techniques shows difficulties in recognition of recurrences, which develop from the duodenal stump. Only a special examination technique leads to an improvement of the results. The instruction and experience of the examiner, the knowledge of tumor diagnostics and of the methods of operations and of the postoperative alterations are for the diagnosis of these processes of decisive importance. X-ray examination and endoscopy are two supplementing examination methods. PMID- 1225260 TI - [The present state of chemotherapy of gastric cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic results in stomach cancer are still very poor. Especially in advanced stages of the disease, cytostatic treatment is of little value. The most promising drugs available at present are 5-fluoroaracil or its analogues, Mitomycin C, and Chromomycin A3. Proper combinations of cytostatics are expected to become more therapeutic tools. Further chances of improving therapeutic results are seen in the combination of surgery with irradiation and chemotherapy. Such efforts should include individualization of the therapy with regard to factors of the tumor-host relationships influencing the prognosis, and utilization of tumor-biological data. PMID- 1225261 TI - The fate of pesticides in aquatic environment. I. The persistence of some organophosphorus pesticides in river water. PMID- 1225262 TI - Histological and biochemical alterations in rat's liver and kidney induced by thorium nitrate. PMID- 1225264 TI - [Toxicological problems of environmental protection]. PMID- 1225263 TI - [Aflatoxins and the liver]. PMID- 1225265 TI - [Patho-anatomical characteristics of renal cell cancer]. AB - A total of 61 observations on nephrocellular cancer were carried out. It was established that the tumour was not uniform by its histological structure neither in the primary node nor in metastases. Four variants of a histological structure of the cancer were identified: clear-cell, granular, sarcoma-like, and grandular. The one-type histological structure (one variant) in the primary node and in the most common metastases was identified nearly with the same frequency--in 60-66% of the cases. In the rest of the cases the tumour was of a mixed structure; more often there were observed combinations of 2 variants and more seldom--of 3 or 4 combinations. As a rule, metastases histologically corresponded to the primary node, but had peculiar features of their own depending on their localization. Divercity of morphological structures of tumours should be born in mind in making the histological diagnosis of nephrocellular cancer, partitularly if the volume of tissues obtained is small. PMID- 1225266 TI - [Dynamics of morphological changes in the spleen in lymphogranulomatosis in children (according to the results of the study of surgical material)]. AB - Results of pathomorphological studies of the spleens removed during the operation in 17 children with lymphogranulomatosis are discussed. An attempt is made to follow up stages of initiating and development of a pathological process in the spleen. A classification of specific changes in the spleen with singling out of established morphological variants is presented. It was found out that a lymphogranulomatous process in the cervical lymph nodes "outstripped" the development of specific changes in the spleen. PMID- 1225267 TI - [Transformation in the lymphatic system of the heart and myocardium in congestion with lymph]. AB - Changes in the heart in regional songestion of the lymph were studied both on sectional (26 observations) and experimental (20 dogs) material. It was shown that blocking of the lymphatic ways brought about dilatation and deformation of lymphatic capillaries and vessels, growth of capillaries, formation of lymphatic lacunas, varicosis of the wall of lymphatic vessels, and -- in complete obstruction of the lymph flow -- the appearance of lympho-venous shunts. In the myocardium stroma there were observed oedema, lympho-histiocytic and plasmocellular infiltrations, and in muscle cells -- dystrophic and necrobiotic changes. The degree of manifestation of the disorders depended upon the duration of congestion of the lymph; their outcome is replacing and stromogenous cardiosclerosis. PMID- 1225268 TI - [State of the mucus membrane of the small intestine in upper intestinal fistulas]. AB - In modeled experiments of 23 polyfistulous dogs with a reproduced high complete small-intestine fistula it was established that enteral compensation of water electrolyte losses by means of a saline solution, isotonic and isoionic to the chyme, contributed to the maintenance of the water-salt balance for a prolonged period of time, kept up the animals' life and ensured the return to normalcy following the closure of the fistula. Preservation of the function of absorption by the small intestine was confirmed by the data of morphological investigations of 403 bioptic specimens of the mucosa from various parts of the small intestine repitedly taken in the course of the experiments. The data obtained testify to the absence of atrophy of villi and nakedness of their stroma, despite the intravital detachment of the epithelium into the lumen of the intestine, as well as to hyperproduction of the mucus, dilatation of the vessels of the circulatory and lymphatic systems, to retention of the mitotic activity. PMID- 1225269 TI - [Ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction in myasthenia]. AB - The ultrastructure of neuromuscular synapses were investigated in bioptic specimens of muscles in 15 patients with myasthenia. Changes were detected in the pre- and postsynaptic structures. As a rule, the process initiates with appearance of destructive changes in the terminals of axones and in the adjacent to them areas of the "sole" of the neuromuscular junction, which may lead to destruction of synaptic contacts. In some part of synapses, together with destructive changes, there were observed also regenerative changes. The most representative group of synapses were those possessing the following characteristics of the ultrastructure: an increased electron density of the axoplasm and a greater number of mitochondria in the terminals of the axones; changes in the organization of the symaptic cleft and folds; impoverishment of the "sole" in organellas; all these signs, according to the literature reports, should be considered as typical of myasthenic lesions of the neuromuscular synapses. Collation of the changes observed with the duration periods of the disease, as well as the fact that these changes can be seen in the same patients, justify the assumption about the existence of different stages of the synaptic defect: destructive, destructive-regenerative and myasthenic. From this point of view, the appearance of "myasthenic" synapses may be considered as a result of the proceding destructive-regenerative process. PMID- 1225270 TI - [Influence of iodine preparations and triiodothyronine on the histological structure of the thyroid gland in experimental goiter]. AB - Histological changes in the thyroid gland of rats in experimental goiter caused by administration of 6-methylthiouracil during 9 months, as well as changes in the structure of these glands under the effect of diurnal ingestion with food of microiodine (iodized potassium 2 mg+iodine 0.2 mg per animal), diiodotyrosine (1.25 mg per animal) and triiodthyronine (5 mcg per animal) are described. As a result of the exposure to the above mentioned preparations, there were noted a decrease in the weight of the thyroid glands reduction in the number and size of microadenoms therein, a drop of the intensity of hyperplastic processes in the thyroid epithelium, and an increased proliferation of clear cells. The greatest effect was observed in the animals which received triiodothyronine: weight and histological structure of the glands in these animals was approximating the norm. There were revealed anaplastic changes in the microadenomas remained after the exposure to iodine preparations and triiodothyronine, and an increased proliferation of clear cells with formation of microadenoms out of them. PMID- 1225271 TI - [Chronic gastric ulcer penetrating into the heart]. AB - A case of penetration of chronic gastric ulcer into the thickness of the posterior wall of the heart in a 65-year-old female patient is described. Rupture of the wall at the site of penetration caused hemorrhage into the gastric cavity and the patient died due to loss of blood. PMID- 1225272 TI - [Histological properties of the endothelium of major vessels]. AB - The article deals with histological properties of the endothelium of the major vessels in mammals and in man. Biological features of this tissue and analysis of its organization are discussed. The material presented justifies consideration of the endothelial lining of the major vessels and veins as a specialized tissue of the vascular system which retains its capacity of capillaroformation. Its epitheliomorphic character and belonging to the angiodermal type of tissues are beyond doubt. PMID- 1225273 TI - [Vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the heart in myocardial infarction]. AB - Vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the heart in myocardial infarction were studied on the basis of the material of 21 section observations using histological, histochemical methods and the technique of impregnation of films of the epicardium developed by V. V. Kupriyanov. In the ischemic stage in the zone of ischemia and in perifocal areas there were noted signs of increased vascular permeability and impairment of hemodynamics: plethora of the venous department of the microcirculatory system, stasis of the blood in capillaries, spasm and paresis of vessels of the microcirculation. In the necrotic stage in the zone of necrosis there were observed destruction of vessels of the microcirculatory bed; in the peri-infarction zone--drastic plethora of veins, venules and capillaries, higher vascular permeability, leucostasis, leucopedesis, perivascular cellular infiltrates, destruction of vessels of the microcirculatory bed, dilatation of lymphatic vessels; in the intact zone--venous plethora and elevated permeability. In cases of shocks and collapses in vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the heart beyond the zone of necrosis aggregations of erythrocytes were found. In the reparative stage newly formed vessels in the granulation tissue were observed; In the post-infarction scars sinusoid vascular cavities and arteries of the closing type were noted. PMID- 1225274 TI - [Pathomorphology of the vascular bed of the lungs and pleura in the presence of hypervolemia of the pulmonary circulation]. AB - Blood and lymphatic vessels of the lungs and the pleura in 23 infants aged below one year, who had died of congenital cardiac defects with hypervolemia of the lesser circulation (coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the major vessels, general arterial trunk in combination with septal defects, open arterial canal and other anomalies) and in 5 dogs with artificial anastomosis of Blalock (3), Cooley (I) and Pootts (I) were studied; In treatment of the materials various histological and histochemical methods, micropreparation and impregnation of total preparation according to Ranvier's and V. V; Kupriyanov's techniques were used. The results obtained showed that an excessive blood content of the lesser circulation was accompanied by onset in the vessels of the lungs and the pleura of various accomodative changes, which were particularly pronounced in the system of microcirculation. It was established that functional insufficiency of the adaptive mechanisms led to the "breakdown" of compensation, impairment of blood and lymph circulation in the terminal vascular bed of the lungs and to grave secondary alterations in the organ. It was shown that early correction of hypervolemia of the lesser circulation in the experiment brought about normalization of hemodynamics in the lungs and more or less full recovery of the structure of microvessels of the regional bed. PMID- 1225275 TI - [Morphogenesis of experimental primary pulmonary coccidioidal mycosis]. AB - Morphogenesis of experimental primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in white mice was studied. The aspirated particles of the mycelium by the 5th day formed sporilating sporangiums, the latter being the main cause of a specific inflammatory process. Three stages in the development of the infectious process were singled out: incubation, in the course of which accumulation of the pathogene in the lungs took place (the first seven days), initiation and progressing of pneumonia, culminated with the animals' perish in the course of 12 14 days. PMID- 1225276 TI - [Melanosis of the large intestine]. AB - Studies of 100 appendices and 20 snips of the large intestine in cancer (17) and in Hirschprung's disease (3) were carried out, which showed that enterochromaffin cells containing greyish-brown pigment in cytoplasm, constituted the permanent constituent of the epithelial linings of these organs. A possibility of phagocytosis of this pigment by macrophages of the connective layer of the mucous membrane is described. Basing on the analysis of literature data and her own findings the author comes to the conclusion that the phagocytoused enterochromaffin pigment in macrophages of the mucous membrane corresponds to the so-called melanin of the large intestine. This is evidenced from the similarity of histochemical reachions and the pattern of distribution of the said pigment and the enterochromaffin cells. An analogy with epiphysis is drawn, where as a side product of serotonin--melanin, a specific pigment, is also formed. PMID- 1225277 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of the late results of sigmoid colpopoiesis]. AB - Results of morphological investigations of an artificial vagina of the wall of the sigmoid flexure 29-44 pears after the plastics are presented. In two cases there were revealed atrophy of the mucous membrane, sclerosis of the submucous layer and non-uniform hypertrophy of muscular layers. In one patient signs of nonspecific ulcerative colitis which developed several years before the incision of the artificial vagina were noted. Changes observed in the large intestine following sigmoidal colpopoiesis indicate to the stability of structures of the organs transferred under unusual conditions of existence; PMID- 1225278 TI - [Use of apparatus POOS-I for determination of the DNA concentration of lymphoid tissue]. AB - Using the apparatus "POOS-I" (a device for measuring the reflecting power) the author carried out microspectrophotometric determination of the DNA content in the lymphoid tissue of mice following gamma-irradiation and transplantation of the syngenic and allogenic bone marrow. An amount of DNA was expressed as a relative value representing optical density of histological sections stained after Feulgenmthis method has proved to be a sensitive objective test for evaluation of the extent of lesion and restoration of the lymphoid tissuek0 PMID- 1225279 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue]. PMID- 1225280 TI - [Clinical and morphologic manifestations of the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome (Zellweger's syndrome)]. PMID- 1225281 TI - [Orientation of the wall of the small intestine for electron microscope studies]. AB - A simple and reliable technique for orientation of small pieces of the intestine is suggested; the technique makes it possible to investigate semi-thin sections under light microscope, and ultrastructural topography of the intestine wall--in electron microscope. PMID- 1225282 TI - Retention of 45Ca in rats and lambs associated with the onset of nutritional muscular dystrophy. AB - Nutritional myopathy has been induced in both rats and lambs by feeding diets low in selenium. The distribution of 45Ca, administered as 45CaCl2, has been examined firstly by autoradiography, and secondly by measuring the excretion of 45Ca in urine and faeces. Autoradiographs of skeletal muscle from unsupplemented animals showed radioactivity over discrete muscle fibres at a stage when no abnormalities were apparent using conventional staining techniques. Similar retention of 45Ca was found in some of the tubules in the kidneys of selenium-deficient rats. Total excretion in urine and faeces of lambs, examined for 48 h after intravenous administration of 45CaCl2, showed that in normal animals 18-6% of the dose was excreted, whereas in dystrophic lambs 12-0% was lost. The difference was significant at the 2% level. The respiratory rates of isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria, measured polarographically in the presence of glutamate and pyruvate as substrates, were low for dystrophic rats. Respiratory control indices were 1-0 for the same preparations but for supplemented rats they were all above 1-0. The differences in respiratory rates were significant at the 1% level. The major conclusion drawn from the results of these experiments is that one of the first effects of sleenium deficiency which can be visualized is the abnormal retention of calcium by individual muscle fibres. PMID- 1225283 TI - Characterization of the RNA synthesizing activity of isolated kidney nuclei. AB - The limiting factor in RNA synthesis by isolated kidney nuclei is RNA nucleotidyltransferase at high salt concentrations but at low salt concentrations template availability becomes limiting. alpha-Amanitin inhibits 85% of the activity at high salt concentrations but only 20-50% of the activity at low salt concentrations. Exogenous DNA is utilized at low salt concentrations [up to 0-1M (NH4)2SO4] but not at high salt concentrations. The effect of increasing salt concentration is mainly to cause an increase in the length of chains synthesized. Initiation rates are not increased by high salt concentrations. The apparent Km for UTP is 8-10 muM at high salt concentrations, indicating that assays performed at low UTP concentrations are likely to give inaccurate results. The activation energy for the reaction at low salt concentration is less than that for the reaction at high salt concentration. The RNA synthesizing capacity of kidney nuclei is dependent on the method of isolation, and preparation by a modification of the Chauveau method (Chauveau et al. 1956) yields the most active nuclei. PMID- 1225284 TI - Responses to the lowering of magnesium and calcium concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of unanesthetized sheep. AB - A technique for ventriculolumbar perfusion of the cerebrospinal fluid space has been used to study the neuromuscular effects of low concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the cerebrospinal fluid of conscious sheep. Perfusion with synthetic cerebrospinal fluid solutions containing less than 0-6 mg magnesium/100 ml produced episodes of tetany which were abolished by perfusion with a solution of normal magnesium concentration. This suggests that the low cerebrospinal fluid magnesium concentrations reported in cases of hypomagneseamic tetany may result in changes within the central nervous system that could produce the nervous signs. Perfusates with a calcium concentration below 2-0 mg/100 ml caused hyperpnoea and continuous muscle tremors. Magnesium (0-6 mg/100 ml) and calcium (2-0 mg/100 ml) perfused simultaneously acted synergistically to produce signs characteristic of low levels of each of the ions. PMID- 1225285 TI - Effects of intravenous infusion of mimosine on wool growth of Merino sheep. AB - Merino sheep were given continuous intravenous infusions of L-mimosine for periods of 1 1/2, 2 or 21 days; efficacy as a defleecing procedure and effects on subsequent wool growth were measured. In addition, the amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and cystine were investigates as antagonists to the effects of mimosine. Infusions for 1 1/2 or 2 days at the daily rate of 80-120 mg/kg caused a cessation of wool growth by 1 1/2-2 days from the start of infusion, and all sheep were subsequently defleeced. It was estimated that, on average, fibre growth stopped for 10 1/2-13 days in four sheep after a 2-day infusion, and for 5 1/2 and 9 1/2 days in two sheep after an infusion for 1 1/2 days. There was considerable variation in the time taken for new fibres to recommence growth. During the period 3-5 weeks after infusion of mimosine, length growth rate was consistently greater than the pretreatment rate. Likewise, fibre diameter was greater in three out of the four sheep. As a result, the volume growth rate of fibres was greater post-treatment than it was pretreatment. Infusion for 3 weeks at the daily rate of 21-24 mg/kg did not stop wool growth. However, both length growth rate and fibre diameter were considerably depressed, and after 12 days' infusion, fibre diameter and volume growth rate were reduced to less than half the pretreatment values, and wool fibres were very weak. After the mimosine infusion stopped, fibre diameter increased to above pretreatment values and remained ther for the period of 2-3 weeks studied. The concurrent infusion of tyrosine, phenylalanine or cystine with mimosine failed to prevent any of the effects of mimosine on wool growth. PMID- 1225286 TI - Fate of mimosine administered orally to sheep and its effectiveness as a defleecing agent. AB - Mimosine was administered orally to Merino sheep once daily for periods of 1-3 days, either as the isolated compound or in the foliage of Leucaena leucocephala. A single daily dose of mimosine of 450 or 600 mg/kg body weight was effective for defleecing sheep. A daily dose rate of 300 mg/kg was effective for defleecing sheep if given on two successive days. The effectiveness of a treatment for defleecing sheep was related to the concentration of mimosine in plasma following dosing; defleecing ensued when the concentration of mimosine in plasma was maintained above 0-1 mmol/l for at least 30 h. The main products excreted in urine were mimosine and 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (DHP); small amounts of mimosinamine were also excreted. During the first day following dosing, the major excretory product was mimosine; DHP was an important component during the second and third days. In the three days following the start of dosing, between 32 and 53% of the mimosine given was accounted for as mimosine in the urine. Following an intravenous infusion of mimosine, no DHP was detected in urine; most of the mimosine was excreted intact but a small amount (c. 9%) was excreted as mimosinamine. PMID- 1225287 TI - Effects of insulin hypoglycaemia in the sheep on jugular haematocrit and plasma corticosteroid concentrations. AB - Insulin hypoglycaemia, by acting as a stressor, caused an increase in plasma corticosteroid concentration in sheep. It did not increase jugular haematocrit in splenectomized sheep, but caused an increase, presumably by splenic contraction, in the following sheep: two control, one with one adrenal cortex as its only adrenal tissue, two with denervated spleens, and two splanchnicotomized animals. These preparations showed that insulin hypoglycaemia can cause a splenic contraction in the absence of an increase in plasma adrenaline and after splenic extrinsic denervation. PMID- 1225288 TI - Renal response to intravenous phosphate infusion in the sheep. AB - Renal clearance experiments were performed on six Merino ewes in which plasma phosphate concentrations were increased by the intravenous infusion of isohydric sodium phosphate. As the phosphate load to the kidney increased, the renal tubular reabsorptive capacity became saturated and a definite tubular maximum for phosphate reabsorption (Tmp) was demonstrated. The Tmp was directly related to the glomerular filtration rate and had a mean value of 333-1+/-27-0 (s.e.m.) mumol/min or 416-6+/-13-5 mumol/100 ml glomerular filtrate. Calcium infused concurrently with phosphate in order to maintain plasma total calcium levels did not alter the Tmp. Ultrafilterability of calcium and phosphate in the plasma decreased with phosphate infusion and this was accentuated by an accompanying calcium infusion. The Tmp in sheep's kidney is higher than in non-ruminant animals and the implications of this are discussed. PMID- 1225289 TI - Molecular genetics of avian proteins. XIII. Protein polymorphism in three species of Australian passerines. AB - An introduced species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and two Australian native species, the welcome swallow (Hirundo tahitica neoxena) and the fairy martin (Petrochelidon ariel), have moderately low levels of protein polymorphism compared with domesticated or semi-wild 'managed' species of birds. Genetically varient proteins in these birds include transferrin, esterase, phosphoglucomutase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Egg-white protein polymorphism confirms heterogeneity of egg colour, markings and shape, and suggests that approximately 10% of the 'clutches' in house sparrow nests represent infidelity (intraspecific nest parasitism). For the four enzymes capable of supplying reduced NADP for reductive biosyntheses in growth and detoxification, the house sparrow has more heterozygosity (29%) than either the welcome swallow (9-4%) or the fairy martin (2-3%) and the difference is highly significant statistically. The results are discussed in relation to possible biochemical correlates of MacArthur and Wilson's (1967) evolutionary strategies or r or K selection. PMID- 1225290 TI - Studies on metatherian sex chromosomes. I. Inheritance and inactivation of sex linked allelic genes determining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variation in kangaroos. AB - Wallaroos (Macropus robustus robustus), which have the G6PD-F electrophoretic phenotype, crossed with euros (M.r.erubescens), of G6PD-S phenotype, produced F1 animals which had only the maternal G6PD type regardless of the direction of the cross. When F1 hybrids were backcrossed to wallaroos or euros, backcross progeny of either perental phenotype resulted. Sex-linked inheritance of allelic G6PD genes is shown to occur in wallaroos, euros and red kangaroos (M. rufus). Dose compensation for X chromosomes at the G6PD locus in kangaroow is achieved by inactivation of the allele of male parental origin. PMID- 1225291 TI - The obligation of the radiologist. PMID- 1225292 TI - Fractures of the temporal bone involving the ear. PMID- 1225293 TI - Systemic to pulmonary arterial fistula of the chest wall and lung following lobectomy. PMID- 1225294 TI - Ultrasonic and radiological investigation of abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 1225295 TI - Space occupying lesions of the uterus at hysterography. PMID- 1225296 TI - Aetiology of osteoarthritis. PMID- 1225297 TI - The pathogenesis of congenital malformations. PMID- 1225298 TI - The narrow lumbar spinal canal. PMID- 1225299 TI - Abdominal aortic echography. PMID- 1225300 TI - Angiographic findings in the hypothenar hammer syndrome. PMID- 1225301 TI - Experience with impedance phlebography compared with venography. PMID- 1225303 TI - A modified needle for arterial catheterisation. PMID- 1225304 TI - Letter: Carotid angiography by direct needle puncture: an obsolete technique? PMID- 1225302 TI - Test of chelation process to remove arsenic from a biological system using neutron activation. PMID- 1225305 TI - Results of G.I. series. A.C.R. continuing education and self-evaluation programme. PMID- 1225306 TI - On the relation between testes size and sperm reserves in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). AB - The size, weight and volume as well as the sperm content of the testes of 18 mature, 6-10-year-old camels with unknown breeding history were determined after slaughtering and then related to one another. It was found that the weight and the volume of the testes can be estimated fairly accurately by means of their length. The length of the testes can also be used to calculate the sperm reserves, although more accurate values can be obtained by taking the square numbers of the testes length, breadth, and thickness into account. The average values for gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves of paired testes and epididymides was 6.278 +/- 1.226 X 10(9) and 12.177 +/- 2.316 X 10(9) respectively. The sperm production per gram testes tissue was 40.55 +/- 15 X 10(6). PMID- 1225307 TI - [Studies on the concentration of proteins in the serum of growing cattle]. PMID- 1225308 TI - [Aplasia of the Mullerian duct and endometritis in a cocker spaniel]. PMID- 1225310 TI - [Current state of blood transfusion in Yugoslavia and its perspectives]. AB - The current situation of the transfusion service in this country has been characterised by small-scale operational level, the lack of regional system and basic components of a single service. There is a great variety in the medical and expert point of view starting from the lack of elementary hygienic and technical conditions, down to developed institutions of the European level. This activity has been characterised for the last ten years or so by an effort to win blood givers at all cost, to enhance production of intravenous solutions which in some factories have obtained factory production volume, to determine basic blood groups and a very modest diagnostics for haemolitic diseases of newly born children. A large number of doctors--transfusiologists have obtained specialists' titles, but without any prospects to change the present status of their work: blood conservation, efforts to win blood-givers and determine blood groups. The differentiation between transfusiologists and clinic-engaged personnel has been increasing, thus making the transfusiologists to be far from the problems of modern haematology and clinical therapy. Observing the situation and status of transfusiology in the developed countries of Western Europe, it is possible to state that the transfusiology is developing in the direction of cooperation and team-work with doctors engaged in clinics. Therefore, cooperation with doctors engaged in clinics should be cultivated and organise team work. The intermediary role of doctors-transfusiologist in the cycle of health improvement should be avoided by all means. 90% of packed blood in this country is consumed in the form of full blood or dry plasma and only 10% in the form of desired derivatives, instead of the contrary case, since the precisely set therapy using new haemostatic medicaments is an economical imperative. The electronic data processing of blood-givers enables doctors-transfusiologists to deal with these problems since this is much cheaper and more efficient than when it was done by the doctor. Application of plactic casings, its industrial production, use of multi-channel electronic systems when determining the blood-groups and anti bodies, makes this more of a technical than medical problem dealt by doctors. Production of intravenous solutions and plasma drying requires an inter republican integration into a powerful industrial group, similar to that in Great Britain. Our transfusiologist should in future be engaged in business done by pathologists related to problems of blood patho-physiology, similar to the activities done in USA and other Anglo-Saxon countries. Integration of American Association of Blood Banks with the Association for organs and tissue transplation in USA only underlines this... PMID- 1225309 TI - [Case of implantation of human fetal thymus on the immunological reactivity in patients with Hodgkin's disease]. AB - Five patients with Hodgkin's disease (IV stage) were implanted with fetal human thymus. Implantation were performed under the fascia of rectus abdominis muscle. Thymuses were obtained from fetuses 4-5 month old in aseptic condition and stored in tissue culture medium 199, before implantation. Immunological studies carried out during 4-6 months, revealed the elevation of the number of the lymphocyte in the peripheral blood, normalization of the number of rosete forming cells (RFC) as well as the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Two patients had long improvement of immunological responsiveness, but the other 3 only a transitient one during the first month after implantation. The possibility of the immunologic treatment in the early stages of Hodgkin's disease is discussed. PMID- 1225311 TI - [Elementary concepts and rights in the further development of blood transfusion services in the Socialist Republic of Serbia]. PMID- 1225312 TI - [Our experiences in the blood supply by means of a blood bank]. AB - "GIVE US BLOOD TODAY, YOU'LL GET IT WHEN YOU NEED IT". Under this slogan the blood transfusion service gathers the blood donors offering, in return for the given blood the security that, any moment and in required quantities, the blood will be provided for every donor i.e. every member of any collective that acts on the request and "deposits" blood in so called blood banks", at least twice a year. Agitation among the prospective blood donors is completely confided to prominent people, social and medical workers, who do it permanently, and not from time to time, and who, if possible, are also blood donors, and owing to their own example, more convincing. The obligations between the blood transfusion service and "the investors" are regulated by oral agreement. It is noticed that the mutual moral obligation has more positive influence on the fulfillment of obligation than the administrative measure--a contract. According to this experience, individual work, a personal contact with prospective blood donors, and the feeling of personal security that is offered to them give the best results in motivating the people to become blood donors. PMID- 1225313 TI - [Glass, rubber and plastic material for production of the transfusion and infusion solutions equipment]. AB - In this paper author gives the information about the International Standard (IS) as well as our National Standards (JUS) on the standardisation of the material and the unification of transfusion equipment for medical use. Initiative which was given by the Institute of Blood Transfusion Belgrade in 1953 year, and the past active work organized in the Blood Transfusion Service in Yugoslavia in this field--present the very important contribution in dissolving of many problems which appear in the production of sterile intravenous solutions and sets for transfusion. PMID- 1225315 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 1225314 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of concentrated and rinsed erythrocytes]. AB - The biochemical characteristics of concentrated and rinsed out erythrocytes in time function have been analysed. It has been concluded that five days after conservation and during the same day of preparing there was no evidence of significant differences between complete blood erythrocytes and concentrated and rinsed out erythrocytes. In course of preparing concentrated erythrocytes the number of leucocytes declined rapidly, but not completely. By triple rinsing of erythrocytes the number of leucocytes is somewhat less than in the samples of concentrated erythrocytes, but some leucocytes are left. PMID- 1225316 TI - [Effects of plasmapheresis on the blood donors. Changes caused by long-term plasmapheresis in normal donors]. AB - Following 115 donors during two years of regular plasmapheresis it was proved that the procedure is in no way harmfull for the donor. Even with intensified plasmapheresis to two times a week no substantial fall of protein has been observed. During the procedure a slight haemoconcentration has been seen and the loss of erythrocytes was not greater than 13 ml. PMID- 1225317 TI - [Study on the distribution of erythrocyte population during blood preservation: correlation of the distribution after donating blood]. AB - The aimes of paper attempts to answer following questions: 1. does distribution curve of the blood, that has been preserved for different time intervals, indicated the yeald of conservation, and 2. is there any difference in type of the RBC size distribution between donors who underwent multiple withdrawals and those undergoing single withdrowal. Our results confirms the already known choice in favor of ACD or CPD with Adenin added, this time the choice being supported by the RBC size distribution. Physiological reaction in donors organizm as estimated from RBC size distribution curves suggested that subjects undergoing blood withrowlas for the firs time react in a different fashion that those who are adapted. PMID- 1225318 TI - [Possibilities in the use of post-mortem blood and appraisal of its value for transfusion]. PMID- 1225320 TI - [Probable position of MN gene locus on the human karyotype]. AB - Kariotype of the propositus and his father revealed a balanced reciprocal translocation between long arm of a chromosome No. 2, and the long arm of a No 19 20, so that their complements were 46, XY, t(2q-; 19--20q+). There is no connection with congenital malformations of the propositus, but his and kariotype of his father, as well as blood group pedigree of all members of his family, suggests, likewise to assertion of German and coworkers, that locus for the MN gene is on the long arm of the chromosome No 2. PMID- 1225321 TI - [Up-to-date experiences of the Center for Tissue Typing of the Socialist Republic of Serbia]. AB - Phenotypic, genotypic and haplotypic frequency of HL-A antigens in our population was presented. Special attention to the significance of performed anti HL-A antibodies in the patients heamodialized, and to the typing of their families with aim of obtain the complete results for the list of patients. Waiting of renal transplantation the significance is appointed to the production of own specific anti HL-A test sera. The method of organized kidney transplantation either from living donors or cadaver was presented in our paper. PMID- 1225319 TI - [Providing of polytraumatized persons with blood transfusion, blood derivatives and infusion solutions]. AB - The therapy by blood transfusion, blood plasma and infusion solutions, duration and dosage are individual for each patient and dependent on the previous state of health of a patient, size of injure, degree of bleeding, expressed shock and disturbed general state. For taking care of the polytraumatized persons and especially for taking care of the parenhematozic organs and gastrointestinal bleedings greater quantities of blood are required. We assessed the seriousness of shock and hypovolemia on the basis of the clinical picture, decreased arterial pressure, haemogram, hematocrytes and diuresis. On assessing hypovolemia we used the size of opening and depth of wound, as well as the size of extremity. In treatment of polytraumas there is need for harmonious cooperation of surgeons, orthopedists, transfusiologists, rontgenologists etc. Traumatism is an important and difficult problem of the society and health care; it requires imperatively better organization of the first aid service, medical care on the spot of injury, then, in transport, greater and better organized traumatological and transfuzion service, training and scientific research. PMID- 1225322 TI - [Comparative study of adenosine and inosine as corrigents of ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose) solution in preservation of human blood]. AB - The examination was made on the effects of adenosine and inosine on glycolysis in ACD stored human red cells. Total glycolytic capacity was checked by the incorporation of inorganic phosphate into the acid soluble nucleoside phosphates of erythrocytes. Adenosine and inosine increase the glycolysis in ACD stored human red cells. This stimulation depends on the nucleoside concentration used up to the saturation level (2.0 muM of adenosine or inosine/ml). By the saturation level it was demonstrated that adenosine gives 30%higher stimulation than inosine. It may be concluded that by the same conditions adenosine may serve as a better corrigens for ACD stored human blood. PMID- 1225323 TI - [Clinical and pathohistological characteristics of aplastic anemia]. AB - Clinical symptomatology, pathohystiological characteris of bone marrow and the effects of treatment achieved in 21 patients with aplastic anaemia (a.a.) have been presented in this paper. Compared to one of our previous analised serie the number of patients with a.a. of both sexes and age has doubled for the last few years. The ethiogenesis in 14 cases was of unknown origin. In tree cases chloramphenicol was a cause, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in three other cases and one appeared in pregnancy. Pathohystiology of bone marrow has in 7 cases acellular in 11 hypocellular and in tree partial hypercellular appearance. Immunohaematological examinations yielded positive antiglobuline tests in tree cases (out of 17 examined) and positive thrombocytic antibodies in 2 patients out of 14. Australia antigen has been found positive in 3 patients (out of 18), Au antibodies in one out of nine patients, while three developed manifest serum hepatitis duing the causee of treatment. Tree patients whose final diagnosis was paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria previosly were diagnosed and treted as a.a., while two with a.a. gave positive acid and sugar tests for that syndroma. The treatment in this seria of a.a. was by corticosteroids, testosteron. There has not been any significant impruvement in prolonging the patients lives in this seria comparing the previous one in which there had been given no anabolic hormones. Most of the patients (more than 50%) did not survive more than 24 months. PMID- 1225324 TI - [Significance of radioimmune method for detection of HB antigen in blood donors]. AB - The evaluation of frequency of HBag in 923 blood donors is given: the counterelectrophoresis demonstrates HBag positive cases in 1, 2% the radioimmunoassay (Ausria-125, Abbott) in 1, 5%. The haemagglutination (Hepanosticon, Organon) in 7 cases, which were negative with counterelectrophoresis, and positive with the radioimmunoassay, discovers HBAg in 3 cases. RIA method is more sensitive in the control of HBAg positive donors after two to three years, and in detecting of immuno complexes prepared in vitro. The titre of the antigen is 1000 times higher when made with RIA method, and up to 60 times higher when made with the method of haemagglutination than with the counterelectrophoresis. In 4 cases of hepatitis after transfusion of HBAg negative blood, determined with counterelectrophoresis, have been involved bottles, which were positive only with RIA Method. Austria II-125 (Abbott) method was comparatively tested with counterelectrophoresis on different groups--446 persons. PMID- 1225325 TI - [Case of primary hemorrhagic thrombocythemia]. PMID- 1225326 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation during a course of miliary tuberculosis]. AB - Two patients with tuberculosis complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation are presented. The first patient had spleenic and mesenteric lymph nodes tuberculosis (accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea) lasting for several years) in which DIC was terminal fatal complication. Coagulation disorder was characterized by a decrease of fibrinogen concentration in blood, thrombocytopenia and other disorders as well as haemorrhagic syndrome. The second patient had miliary tuberculosis presented by X-ray changes on the lungs, granuloma in the liver and positive cultures in the sputum. Both laboratory and clinical signs of DIC manifested in the beginning of the disease. Heparin treatment was successful: haemorrhages stopped already 24 hours later, while an increase of fibrinogen concentration and number of platelets in blood proceeded at slower rate. As the patient had overcome the critical period, treatment of the primary disease was successful and led to complete recovery. PMID- 1225327 TI - [Bacteriological control of blood preservation, production of infusion solutions and dry human plasma under conditions of aseptic work and possible sources of their contamination]. AB - In premises for blood conservation, production of dry human plasma and infusion solutions "notwithstanding the permanent measures for desinfection, new bacterial contamination occurs from time to time and whose source are the casings and material originating from non-sterile environment. Bacteriological control, which has primarily a preventive character, enables a due forecast for measures to be undertaken by the appropriate desinfection of the working surfaces and air, satisfactory conditions of aseptic work can be maintained. General hygiene should be paid attention to as well as mechanical cleansing of premises, avoidance of groups for lunch-time etc., since the treatment by desinfectors would not be sufficient for maintenance of aseptic working conditions. In order to prevent the transmission of bacterial contamination, premises for blood conservation should be strictly separated from other operations and also prevent the unnecessary movements of personnel through corridors. The results of the bacteriological control of the personnel show that greater attention should be paid to their health care since the workers there work in closed aseptic systems and thus avoid them as a bacteria transmittors in respect to danger of blood and dry human plasma contamination. It is also necessary to efficiently educate the personnel for work in aseptic conditions and also increase their elementary knowledge from bacteriology and hygiene. The bacterial skin-flora on the spot of donor's venepuncture also presents a certain danger for blood contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the most optimal manner of skin desinfecate together with the most appropriate means having a fast bactericidal and fungicidal action. It would also be useful, on the basis of further test, to suggest certain standard for an allowed number of conditionally pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms which would be used by the instutions performing the blood transfusion and production of the intravenous solutions during their bacteriological controls. PMID- 1225328 TI - Studies on L-arginase of the small intestine. II. Intestinal arginase in young and adult mammals, and its role in maintaining urea body pool. PMID- 1225329 TI - A specific rapid gaschromatographic assay for the determination of isoniazid N acetylation: observation in rats with induced constant urine flow. PMID- 1225330 TI - The influence of prostaglandins A2 and E2 on the kinetics of the renin reaction in the presence of normal and hypertensive plasma. PMID- 1225331 TI - A modified assay for measuring human urinary carcinoembryonic antigenic (CEA) activity. PMID- 1225332 TI - A simple liquid chromatography procedure for p-aminohippuric acid in blood serum and urine. PMID- 1225333 TI - The separation of platelet membranes and the various granular organelles by a simple density gradient procedure using the B14 zonal rotor. PMID- 1225334 TI - Accumulation of 50oxo-L-proline and 5-oxo-D-proline in the blood plasma in end stage renal disease. PMID- 1225335 TI - Serum uric acid in hypertensive patients. AB - Both the average serum uric acid and annual increment were determined in 250 treated patients attending a hypertension clinic. The average serum uric acid was greater in men compared with women, in patients receiving a thiazide diuretic and in patients with a high average plasma urea. The mean annual increment in uric acid was close to zero (0.0017 mmol/litre per year) and was not related to sex, age, blood pressure control, diuretic therapy, or plasma urea. There was an unexplained positive association between annual increment and methyldopa therapy though this drug was not associated with a significantly high average serum uric acid. A table is presented giving the theoretical upper limits for average serum uric acid according to sex, plasma urea concentration, and whether or not a thiazide diuretic has been prescribed. It is hoped that this table will be of assistance in assessing the normality or otherwise of a high serum uric acid found in a hypertensive patient. PMID- 1225336 TI - Effects of heart rate and atropine on 'dual AV conduction'. AB - In patients with evidence of dual AV conduction, a premature atrial depolarization is normally conducted via a fast conducting pathway with a long refractory period. At a critically timed coupling interval, the effective refractory period is reached and now the impulse is conducted over a pathway with a slow conduction velocity and a short effective refractory period. At this moment in the His bundle electrocardiogram, a sudden increase in the AH interval occurs which is called the 'break' phenomenon. This phenomenon was studied in 14 patients, with a history of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, at the patient's own heart rate, at different paced heart rates, and after the administration of atropine. In 11 patients the 'break' phenomenon could be elicited during sinus rhythm,; in 3 when the heart rate was accelerated. The effective refractory period of the fast conducting pathway was prolonged in 9 patients, remained unchanged in 3, and was shortened in 2 when the heart rate was increased. The effective refractory period of the slow conduting pathway was reached when block occurred proximal to the His bundle. This parameter was increased in 8 patients, remained unchanged in 3, and was decreased in 1 patient with augmentation of the heart rate. This effective refractory period was not measured in 2 patients. Atropine led to a shortening of the refractory period of both pathways in 8 patients studied. Atrial echo phenomena indicating the beginning of a re-entry circuit occurred at an AH prolongation that was not always identical to that measured at the point of 'break'. Widening, as well as narrowing, of the echo zone was found, indicating that the re-entry circuit was in a state of labile equilibrium. In cases where shortening of the pathways involved in the re-entry circuit was found, structures other than nodal may exist; therefore paranodal bypass must be considered. PMID- 1225337 TI - Investigation of the safe withdrawal period for propranolol in patients scheduled for open heart surgery. AB - The time necessary for dissipation of radioactive labelled propranolol and its metabolites and the cardiac effects of this agent in the hearts of patients undergoing open-heart surgery were studied. Isoprenaline produced chronotropic and inotropic responses in atrial muscle in tissue bath studies which were normal 8 to 12 hours after withdrawing propranolol. After the administration of either 25 or 75 muCi of 14C-labelled propranolol, the myocardial tissue concentration declined to insignificant levels between 24 and 28 hours. We conclude that withdrawal of propranolol therapy 24 to 48 hours before cardiac surgery should be acceptable. PMID- 1225338 TI - Unstable angina. The problem of definition. AB - Unstable angina is used interchangeably with a variety of other terms to refer to a clinical situation intermediate in severity between chronic effort angina and myocardial infarction. In most reports dealing with this syndrome, the patients were selected according to a number of criteria which varied from one study to another. Some authors recognized subgroups of patients with variable severity while others looked at unstable angina as one single group. This resulted in conflicting observations and consequent dilemmas in the management of these patients. Accurate definitions are, therefore, necessary. It is proposed to divide unstable angina into two main clinical categories. Type I: This includes three subgroups. (A) Patients with known chronic angina and sudden or accelerated progression of symptoms; (B) patients with chronic angina and onset of recurrent attacks at rest; and (C) patients with angina of recent onset and rapid progression into a severe condition. Type II: (severe unstable angima). Any of the subgroups described under unstable angina Type I will qualify for this classification if the patient develops recurrent episodes of prolonged ischaemic chest pains resistant to nitroglycerin lasting for 15 minutes or more. Accurate measurement of symptoms and laboratory criteria are suggested to qualify for the different subgroups of unstable angina. PMID- 1225339 TI - Arteriographic patterns early in the onset of the coronary syndromes. AB - Coronary arteriography in 300 patients within one year of onset of symptoms of coronary arterial disease revealed already severe anatomical coronary disease in three patient groups: those with angina pectoris alone (164 patients), with subendocardial myocardial infarction (63 patients), and with transmural myocardial infarction (73 patients). The number of vessels diseased (larger than or equal to 50% obstruction), distribution of obstruction, and degree of stenosis were similar in the three groups. However, total occlusion of at least one artery was much more common in transmural myocardial infarction and in subendocardial myocardial infarction with elevation of enzyme levels. We suggest that such occlusions occurred at the time of the infarction. Similarities in coronary anatomy between patient subgroups with angina (on exercise or at rest and nocturnal) indicate that factors other than coronary anatomy intervene in precipitating the different types of angina. Vessel disease was not related to smoking, hyperlipidaemia, or hypertension but coronary disease was manifest earlier in life in smokers or those with hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 1225340 TI - The 'rapid filling wave' of the apex cardiogram. Its relation to echocardiographic and cineangiographic measurements of ventricular filling. AB - In order to study the relation between the 'rapid filling wave' of the apex cardiogram and left ventricular filling, simultaneous apex cardiograms, phonocardiograms, and echocardiograms were recorded in 57 patients. Continuous measurements of left ventricular dimension were derived from the echocardiograms by digitization using manual tracing and a computer. Possible errors in the use of a single dimension to assess left ventricular filling were investigated by frame-by-frame analysis of cineangiocardiograms in 37 patients, and the timing of changes in transverse diameter found to correlate closely with those in cavity area. Mitral valve opening, shown as the initial separation of the valve cusps by echocardiography, preceded the 'O' point of the apex cardiogram in all except 3 patients, the 'O' point appearing to correlate more closely with the time of peak rate of outward wall movement. A third heart sound was present in 29 patients, and in 25 of these it occurred later than the peak rate of wall movement (ment interval 51 ms). The end of rapid filling derived from the dimension trace occurred in relation to the third heart sound after a mean interval of 9 ms, with a range from 50 ms before to 80 ms after the third sound. Peak rates of wall movement were similar in patients with and without third heart sounds. The results show that outward left ventricular wall movement begins with a period of acceleration, with peak rates occurring synchronous with the 'O' point of the apex cardiogram and thus with the nadir of the ventricular pressure trace. Outward wall movement becomes less rapid thereafter, so that the rapid filling wave of the apex cardiogram does not reflect the time of rapid filling of the left ventricle. The 'O' point is not related to mitral valve movement nor does the third heart sound bear a consitent relation to any aspect of left ventricular wall movement. PMID- 1225341 TI - Time relation between apex cardiogram and left ventricular events using simultaneous high-fidelity tracings in man. AB - In 10 patients without left heart valvular disease and having normal function of the left ventricle, the left ventricular apex cardiogram with its first derivative (dA/dt), left ventricular pressure with its first derivative (dP/dt), aortic pressure, electrocardiogram, and phonocardiogram were reocrded simultaneously during cardiac catheterization. The apex cardiographic tracings were obtained by means of a transducer with infinite time constant and very high resonant frequency and the LV and aortic pressures with catheter tip-manometers. The onset of the systolic rise of apex cardiographic and LV pressures were found to occur almost simultaneously with the upstroke of LV pressure, preceding that of the apex cardiogram by only 2 +/- 4 ms (mean +/- 1 SD). The summit of the systolic upstroke of the apex cardiogram (called E-point) occurred 37 +/- 9 ms after opening of the aortic valve and 41 +/- 9 ms after peak dP/dt. The peak of dA/dt preceded peak dP/dt by 10 +/- 4 ms. The protodiastolic nadir of the apex cardiogram (called-O-point) occurred slightly earlier (19 +/- 16 ms) than the nadir of the LV pressure curve, with considerable variation. In conclusion, this study using external and internal transducers with similar characteristics gives a new definition of the time relation between the externally recorded apex cardiogram and the haemodynamic events within the left heart in human subjects with normal left ventricular function. PMID- 1225342 TI - Truncus arteriosus communis associated with underdevelopment of the aortic arch. AB - Two cases are reported of truncus arteriosus communis arising entirely from the right ventricle and associated with interruption in one case and tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch in the other. A haemodynamic hypothesis of preferential blood flow is proposed to explain this rare association. PMID- 1225343 TI - Effect of submaximal exercise on fibrinolytic activity in ischaemic heart disease. AB - Fibrinolytic activity and platelet adhesiveness are normal in cases of angina pectoris and healed myocardial infarction, whereas fibrinolytic activity is diminished in acute myocardial infarction. Exercise increases fibrinolytic activity in normal people but the effect on it of submaximal exercise in patients with ischaemic heart disease is not known. Resting platelet adhesiveness and fibrinolytic activity were determined in 20 patients suffering from ischaemic heart disease and eight healthy controls. Both groups were then subjected to submaximal exercise on a motor-driven treadmill. The ST segment of the electrocardiogram and the heart rate were monitored during exercise by an on-line digital computer. Fibrinolytic activity determinations were repeated immediately after exercise. There was a significant increase in fibrinolytic response in both groups but it was significantly less in the ischaemic groups (36-2%) compared with the controls (55-9%) (P less than 0-01). The ST segment depression was 2-3 mm in the ischaemic group and 0-52 mm in controls--also a significant difference (P less than 0-01). There was no correlation, however, between the ST change and the fibrinolytic response. A diminished response in the ischaemic group may favour their predisposition to thrombotic episodes. PMID- 1225344 TI - Transmission of audible praecordial gallop sounds to right supraclavicular fossa. AB - To evaluate the significance of audible gallop sounds in the right supraclavicular fossa we performed simultaneous external heart sound recordings at 50 and 100 Hz at the left ventricular apex, left sternal border, and right supraclavicular fossa in 50 patients with audible gallop sounds at the left ventricular apex. In each patient heart sounds were recorded with a simultaneous jugular phlebogram, apex cardiogram, and carotid pulse tracing. In 44 patients an apical fourth heart sound coincident with the 'a' wave of the apex cardiogram was recorded, and in 32 (73%) the fourth heart sound was audible and recordable in the right supraclavicular fossa. A left ventricular third heart sound, coincident with the rapid filling wave of the apex tracing, was present in 25 patients but was recorded in the right supraclavicular fossa in only 7 (28%). Intracardiac phonocardiography (high-fidelity catheter) was performed in six patients with left ventricular gallop sounds and in each instance arterial transmission of the third or fourth heart sound, or both, was present. Five additional patients had a prominent jugular venous 'a' wave, but only two had a soft parasternal fourth heart sound. Intracardiac phonocardiography in these five patients failed to reveal transmission of right ventricular gallop sounds to the superior vena cava. We conclude that since left ventricular gallop sounds commonly are transmitted to the right supraclavicular fossa auscultation in this area is often helphful in their detection. In addition, a prominent jugular venous 'a' wave sometimes produces recordable presystolic vibrations that are occasionally audible as well. PMID- 1225346 TI - Unusual fracture of cardiac pacing electrode. AB - This report describes a patient with an epicardial demand pacing system in whom pacing failure two months after implantation was found to be due to a fracture of the helical wire electrode within its supporting structure. We know of no report of this site of failure of a Cordis 323-451 or similar electrode. PMID- 1225345 TI - Titrated energy cardioversion of patients on digitalis. AB - Elective cardioversion with titrated energy was carried out under diazepam anaesthesia (38 procedures) in 26 patients on digitalis who presented with supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. Low energy shocks were given to establish the absence of latent digitalis intoxication, not unmasked by previous carotid sinus massage, and to restore sinus rhythm with the lowest possible energy discharge. In the absence of digitalis overdosage, titrated energy cardioversion restored sinus rhythm, at least temporarily, without dangerous ventricular arrhythmias. In one patient this precaution was neglected: a shock of 200 Ws provoked ventricular tachycardia. We present experimental and clinical evidence for the safety and effectiveness of titrated energy cardioversion in patients on digitalis. PMID- 1225347 TI - Psychological construing, 'difficulty' and thought disorder. PMID- 1225348 TI - The body image and object relations: exploration of a method utilizing repertory grid techniques. PMID- 1225349 TI - Adolescent groups and the adolescent process. PMID- 1225350 TI - Hypnosis in the psychotherapy of neurotic illness. PMID- 1225351 TI - Psychotropic drugs and the 'anti-depressed' personality. PMID- 1225352 TI - Hysteria and organic brain disease. PMID- 1225353 TI - Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire scores in patients with hysterical conversion symptoms. PMID- 1225354 TI - Discussion of papers by Merskey, Buhrich and Gadd. I. Hysteria. PMID- 1225355 TI - Psychiatric breakdown following recent parent death. PMID- 1225357 TI - Reaction of Cu++ with some polyamines of biochemical significance, a 13C-NMR study. PMID- 1225356 TI - Similarity in uptake and retention of trace amounts of 31 silicon and 68 germanium in rat tissues and cell organelles. AB - Uptake of Si and Ge (chemical analogue of Si) in rat tissues was compared to establish their subcellular localization and determine if Ge could be used to trace Si in situ. 31Si and 68Ge were found in tissues and in cell organelles after injection of 31Si (OH) 4 or 68Ge (OH) 4. Accumulation of 31Si and 68Ge in the tissues increased for 30 minutes, declined rapidly about 30 minutes and then was gradually but steadily depleted. Simultaneous double labelling with 31Si and 68Ge produced concomitant accumulation and release of both isotopes. After a single IP injection, some 68Ge remained in the spleen and kidney for up to 20 days. The 31Si and 68Ge concentration in the tissues and cell organelles increased linearly with the amount administered (31Si, 10-4 to 10-2 g/kg body wt and 68Ge, 10-9 to 10-3 g/kg body wt). Thus, substitution of 68Ge for 31Si can extend the limit of detection of Si by at least 5 orders of magnitude. Both 31Si and 68Ge were water extractable (47%-74% and 38%-89%, respectively) from liver cell organelles; 45%-81% 31Si and 66%-90% 68Ge were extractable in 10% TCA, while only 10%-59% of either isotope were extractable in organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethanol). A small percentage of Si may be bound or polymerized. PMID- 1225358 TI - [The glycoproteins of dog gastric mucus. I. Isolation and characterization of the glycoproteins from the gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225359 TI - [The glycoproteins of dog gastric mucus. II. Comparison of the glycoproteins secreted by the fundus and the antrum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225360 TI - [Validity of the D-xylose test for the detection of the proximal small intestine lesions. Statistical study of the discriminant parameters and of their cut-off values (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225361 TI - Organ culture of human duodenum and jejunum. PMID- 1225362 TI - [Intestinal recovery in pig irradiated at high doses. Enzymological, histological and functional data (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225363 TI - Morphometric studies on the development of intestinal mucosal atrophy. PMID- 1225364 TI - Classical conditioning of autonomic responses in alert and drowsy subjects. AB - The primary purpose of this experiment was to study classically conditioned autonomic responses of alert versus drowsy subjects. Sixty-nine subjects in conditioning and pseudo-conditioning groups were subdivided into alert and drowsy groups on the basis of EEG recordings during conditioning trials, giving a total of four groups: conditioning-alert, conditioning-drowsy, pseudoconditioning-alert and pseudoconditioning-drowsy. Using the latency criterion to define responses, significant conditioning occurred only in the conditioning-alert group for the following measures: skin resistance anticipatory and UCS-omission responses, and finger plethysmograph anticipatory response. Both conditioning groups showed evidence of conditioned UCS-omission plethysmograph responses. Discussion centered primarily on (1) the implications of the results on the question of the feasibility of learning during sleep; and (2) the importance of including EEG recordings in studies of classically conditioned autonomic responses. The relationship between the various responses was also evaluated. PMID- 1225365 TI - Electrodermal responses, subject control and delay of aversive stimulation. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different delays between a shock releasing motor response and shock (UCS) on the anticipatory and unconditioned SCRs within the subject-control paradigm, assuming a smaller degree of control with increasing delay. Four groups of 12 subjects receiving the UCS with no delay, 0.5,2 and 6 sec delay respectively, between motor response and shock, were run together with a control group not receiving the UCS. The latter group was included to control for the effect of the motor response on the SCR. All groups were given 20 trials with signals when to perform the motor response. The results were that no or very short delay of shock produced larger first interval anticipatory responses than longer delays. For the UCR, it was found that the effect of shock on the UCR was an increasing function of the duration of the delay, when the effect of press on the UCR magnitude was taken into account. PMID- 1225368 TI - The cardiac responses of schizophrenics to orienting, signal and non-signal tones. AB - The cardiac responses of schizophrenics were examined under three conditions: (1) to repeated 75 dB, 1000 Hz (orienting) tones of no attentional significance; (2) to 75 dB, 1000 and 2000 HZ tones presented randomly and requiring a motor response to the 1000 HZ (signal) tone; (3) to 85 dB, 1000 HZ orienting tones. Responses of non-psychotic psychiatric patients were examined to the 75 dB tones. All patients were subdivided upon the basis of electrodermal responsivity during conditions (1) and (3), into groups of responders - no habituation of responses; non-responders - no responses; habituators - responses habituated to criterion. All groups exhibited a decelerative response with a latency of less than 1 sec. The groups were differentiated by the second component of the response to the orienting tones: responders - acceleration; habituators - deceleration; non responders - predominantly no response. All exhibited accelerative responses to the signal tones. Parallels between cardiac and electrodermal responsivity are outlined. PMID- 1225369 TI - The electroencephalogram in the prediction of human reaction time during growth and development. AB - Characteristics of the distributions of electroencephalographic (EEG) half waves recorded in children during performance of a simple auditory reaction time (RT) task were investigated. The purpose was to determine the extent to which difference in these distributions could account for children's slow RT. The durations of a sample of 760 EEG half waves in each of a group of 41 healthy children aged 5-17 yr were measured and distributed into an interval histogram, and the first four central moments of the 41 distributions were computed. All four of the moments-which measure the central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis of the distributions-proved to be significantly correlated (p less than 0.01) with RT. The multiple correlation (R) between RT and the four moments was equal to 0.68 and was statistically significant. R was unchanged when only the measures of dispersion, skewness and kurtosis were used as predictor variables, suggesting that the predictive value of the central tendency is low. The predictive capability of a multiple regression equation based on these three predictor variables was tested in an independent group of 42 children also aged 5 17 yr. EEGs and RTs were recorded and this group was treated in exactly the same way as the other group. The correlation between these children's average RTs and their RTs as estimated from the other group's regression equation was 0.53. These findings suggested that knowing the degree of dispersion, skewness and kurtosis of the children's EEG distributions reduces from chance by about 28% the error of predicting their RTs. PMID- 1225370 TI - Creativity and cortical activation during creative, intellectual and EEG feedback tasks. AB - Thirty-two male subjects were divided into four groups based on their performance on the remote associates test and alternate uses test, two measures of creativity. Right EEG alpha presence was monitored under basal conditions, while subjects took tests of creativity and intelligence, and while they attempted to enhance and suppress the amount of alpha in a feedback situation. High scorers on the alternate uses test operated at a high percentage of basal alpha during all tests while high scorers on the remote associates test showed differential amounts of alpha presence across tests, with the highest percentage of basal alpha during tests of creativity and the lowest percentage during an intellectual test. Both high creative groups tended to show increases in amount of alpha across trials when trying to suppress alpha as well as when trying to enhance it, but did not differ in overall control from the low creative groups. PMID- 1225371 TI - Electrochemical behavior of some commercial dental amalgams in artificial saliva. AB - Cathodic, linear anodic, and anodic polarization studies conducted on three commercial dental amalgams, Caulk Fine Cut Alloy, Spheralloy, and Dispersalloy, showed that all amalgams were in a passive state at the corrosion potential in synthetic saliva solution. The corrosion currents at the corrosion potential were therefore small for all the amalgams, in the range 0.08 to 0.30 muA/cm2. However, the Caulk Fine Cut Alloy and Spheralloy amalgams exhibited a breakdown of passivity and high anodic currents at potentials only approximately equal to 100 mV more noble than the corrosion potential whereas Dispersalloy amalgams maintained passivity at potentials up to 700 mV more noble than the corrosion potential. The breakdown of passivity in Caulk Alloy and Spheralloy amalgams is attributed to the presence of the gamma2 phase (Sn7-8Hg) whereas the passive behavior of Dispersalloy amalgam is attributed to the absence of the phase. It is concluded that none of the amalgams will exhibit severe general corrosion in use, but that both Caulk Alloy and Spheralloy amalgams will exhibit pitting corrosion whereas this type of corrosion should be minimal in Dispersalloy amalgams. PMID- 1225372 TI - Aging of dispersalloy and its effect on the anodic behavior of its amalgams. AB - Anodic polarization measurements of Dispersalloy amalgam in Ringer's solution have shown that its electrochemical behavior is significantly altered by the aging of the alloy at room temperature. Amalgams fabricated from aged alloy are characterized by polarization profiles associated with the presence of Sn7 Hg (gamma2) and Cu-Sn (Cu/Sn less than 3) whereas polarization profiles of amalgams fabricated from relatively fresh alloys are free of current density peaks associated with both of these phases. This aging effect has been attributed to the room temperature oxidation of Ag-Cu eutectic, a component of Dispersalloy. Such oxidation, it has been hypothesized, hinders amalgamation, impairs the effective role of the Ag-Cu eutectic in eliminating the gamma2- phase, and produces corrosion-prone Cu-Sn intermetallics (Cu/Sn less than 3). PMID- 1225373 TI - Design of a hydraulic analog of the circulatory system for evaluating artificial hearts. AB - A major problem in improving artificial heart designs is the absence of methods for accurate in vitro testing of artificial heart systems. A mock circulatory system has been constructed which hydraulically simulates the systemic and pulmonary circulations of the normal human. The device is constructed of 1/2 in. acrylic sheet and has overall dimensions of 24 in. wide, 16 in. tall, and 8 in. deep. The artificial heart to be tested is attached to the front of the device, and pumps fluid from the systemic venous chamber into the pulmonary arterial chamber and from the pulmonary venous chamber into the systemic arterial chamber. Each of the four chambers is hermetically sealed. The compliance of each chamber is determined by the volume of air trapped above the fluid in that chamber. The pulmonary and systemic resistances are set automatically by bellows-operated valves to simulate the barroreceptor response in the systemic arteries and the passive pulmonary resistance response in the pulmonary arteries. Cardiac output is measured by a turbine flowmeter in the systemic circulation. Results using the Kwan-Gett artificial heart show a good comparison between the mock circulatory system response and the calf response. PMID- 1225374 TI - Evaluation of a microcrystalline bovine collagen hemostatic agent in canine solid viscera injury using abdominal impedance plethysmography. AB - Bioelectric impedance as a sensitive noninvasive technique for detecting and monitoring changes in compartmental body fluid volume was used to compare the efficacy of two hemostatic agents in controlling postoperative abdominal bleeding following surgically induced solid viscera injury. Gelatin foam-oxidized cellulose sponge and bovine MCHH were both effective topical hemostatic agents. It appears that MCCH has certain advantages over conventional agents. PMID- 1225375 TI - Limitations and prospects of coronary artery surgery. AB - Coronary atherosclerosis is discussed from the standpoint of natural history and survival. The operative treatment for ischemic heart disease is reviewed beginning with the advent of the venous autograft to the most recent advance, the internal mammary artery graft. Comparative survival between medical and surgical modes of treatment are described as well as factors in the revascularization selection process that directly influence longevity. During the last 6 years, experience in selection and a steady improvement in technical proficiency have brought about a decline in operative mortality and morbidity, thus yielding further improvement in postoperative long-term survival. PMID- 1225376 TI - VoiceBak--speech for the speechless. AB - The use of plastics in this device has and is playing an important role. The early developmental models of Dr. Taub incorporated a lot of cutting and cementing of plastic tubes and parts in experimenting with the valve design. This provided a much needed flexibility to evolve a workable design. The units being manufactured today by LaBarge, Inc. are a product of the workability of the plastics being used. The durability, or toughness, and ease of cleaning are two important features. The molded silicone rubber parts for the fistula flanged tubes and tension collar replaced the hand-dipped latex rubber tubes. The trach interconnect assembly has replaced the metal trach tube, which was a possible source of irritation to some laryngectomees. The use of silicone rubber parts has been a major milestone in the development of the VoiceBak. For the laryngectomee who wants to talk and is psychologically motivated, the VoiceBak can mean the difference between existing and living. For this laryngectomee, the VoiceBak is truly speech for the speechless. PMID- 1225377 TI - Platelet-surface interaction: effects of dextran 70 on platelet retention in extracorporeal surfaces. AB - Dextran 70 infusion into dogs prevents platelet adhesion to extracorporeal surfaces as effectively as direct coating of the surfaces with albumin. This is demonstrated by two experimental approaches. One of these involves a detailed analysis in 14 mongrel dogs of the effects of hemoperfusion on the systemic platelet levels, hematocrits, and dextran concentrations. The second approach is in the form of 23 platelet retention tests carried out in four mongrel dogs. PMID- 1225378 TI - Surface roughness of composite filling materials. AB - Seven commercial composite filling materials were studied as regards 1) differences in their ability to take a smooth polish as measured by an electronic roughness gauge and 2) their relative loss in smoothness due to toothbrushing. A series of test formulations indicated that polishability and ability to retain a good polish are interrelated and are functions of filler particle size and filler hardness. Optimization in the filler particles from the point of view of polishability also results in improved wear resistance to toothbrushing. PMID- 1225379 TI - Effect of non-ionic detergents on the absorption of oleic acid in the anaesthetised rat. AB - The effects of bile salts and of the non-ionic detergents Tween 80 and Pluronic F68 on the absorption and esterification of oleic acid (in presence of monoglyceride) by loops of rat intestine "in vivo" were studied. Absorption of oleic acid was highest from 10mM taurocholate, but was also substantial from the non-ionic detergents. Tween 80 acted synergistically with low concentrations of bile salts. Most of the absorbed fatty acid recovered in the intestinal wall was esterified, the proportion found as triglyceride being greater when a non-ionic detergent had been present. Under the conditions of these experiments a much smaller proportion of radio-active label left the intestine after absorption from 10mM taurocholate than from 2mM taurocholate or from the non-ionic detergents. The detergents Tween 80 and Pluronic F68 in low concentrations may improve absorption of fatty acids where this is impaired due to bile salt deficiency. PMID- 1225381 TI - The kinetics of the interaction of heterologous anti-tumor serum and heterologous complement in non-tumor bearing mice. AB - The persistence of heterologous antitumor serum in the periphery of normal, non tumor bearing mice was analyzed following intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injection. Intravenous injection of guinea pig complement subsequent to antibody administration resulted in the immediate disappearance of tumor specific antibody from the periphery. Such studies suggest that appropriate therapy by the passive administration of antiserum requires the initial administration of antibody to allow for preferential binding to tumor-specific antigens followed by the subsequent injection of complement to mediate tumor cytolysis. PMID- 1225380 TI - Effects of physical training on enzymatic activity of human skeletal muscle. AB - Enzymatic activities of GOT, LDH, MDH and CPK were assessed in four normal subjects, before and after a 12 week training period on a cycle ergometer. Determinations were made in muscle at rest and immediately after submaximal and maximal exercise tests and in serum at rest. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps by the needle biopsy technique. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) increased significantly after training. The after training GOT and MDH muscle resting activities increased significantly. Correlations were found between resting muscle GOT and MDH vs maximal VO2. An increase on resting enzymatic serum activity after training was found for LDH and CPK and a decrease for MDH for the same period. Correlations were found between resting serum and muscle activities of LDH; MDH and LDH serum resting values vs maximal VO2. Finally, it were observed after training increments of muscle activities of GOT and MDH at rest and that these increments correlated adequately with performance. It was also found that muscle GOT activity changes after exercise were modified by training and that it could partly explain serum modifications. Resting serum enzymes levels did not necessarily correlate with muscle levels and these serum levels could be an index of the achieved training. PMID- 1225382 TI - A study on the clinical significance of urinary beta-aminoisobutyric acid in patients with urothelial tumours. AB - Urinary beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB) has been measured in 141 patients with urothelial tumours and 60 controls. Ninetyone of the patients have been followed-up for an average period of about 2 years, which included many determinations of the beta-AIB excretion. Thirtysix patients died during the control periods. Urinary beta-AIB was found to be significantly correlated to the grade of tumour cell dysplasia, but not to the clinical tumour stage. The treatment had no major influence on the excretion. Characteristic changes in the excretion preceding high-grade tumour recurrences are demonstrated. Autopsy findings with tumour tissue in the urinary tract and distant metastases were significantly correlated to a low urinary beta-AIB in the terminal phase of the disease. The results are discussed in relation to the degradation of thymine, the dual origin of beta-AIB and the tumour-host metabolism. It is concluded, that urinary beta-AIB can contribute to the graduation of malignancy, but is not valuable as a general screening procedure for urothelial cancer. PMID- 1225383 TI - Statistical study on double paraproteinemias. Evidence for a common cellular origin of both myeloma globulins. AB - Double paraproteinemias (DPP) are usually considered as resulting from a proliferation of two independent clones of cells. The present study describes a statistical analysis based on 141 published cases of DPP. The incidence of the heavy chain classes as well as of light chain types association has been compared with the frequency of occurence of the same H and L chains in simple paraproteinemias. Computation of the frequency of associations showed that different heavy chains are randomly associated in DPP. However, light chains are more frequently of the same type in both immunoglobulins more so than could be expected on the basis of a biclonal hypothesis (p less than 0.005). This preferential occurence of identical light chains suggests a linkage in the synthesis of two proteins and it favours a monoclonal origin of myeloma cells in DPP. PMID- 1225384 TI - Soluble complexes and antiglobulin factors detection by immunofluorescence and immunoadsorption in rheumatoid sera. AB - In this report is was demonstrated that in rheumatoid factors (RF) positive sera, 19 S IgM rheumatoid factor can form soluble complexes with different proteins (IgG, albumin) of sera. In these complexes the antiglobulin activity of IgM is not inhibited. When immunofluorescence and immunoadsorption procedures are used for the detection of antiglobulin activities of rheumatoid sera, the proteins which are bound to IgM rheumatoid factor, even if they are devoid of any antiglobulin character, may be revealed simultaneously with IgM. Moreover in some cases the detection of IgM may be hindered, while the linked proteins remain detectable. In these conditions, these complexes in RF positive sera may give false negative results for IgM rheumatoid factor, and may give rise to artefactual appearance of IgG and other proteins (albumin antiglobulin-like activities. This paper points out that before investigating IgG and IgA antiglobulin activities, IgM rheumatoid factor should be previously eliminated, for example by immunoadsorption. PMID- 1225385 TI - Post translational modifications of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human leukemias. AB - The modifications of the electrofocusing pattern, the immunological reactivity and the kinetic properties of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase have been studied in malignant blood cells of various leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders. 1. Granulocytic G-6PD forms with decreased isoelectric points have been found in all the acute myeloid leukemias and erythroleukemias, and in most of the chronic granulocytic leukemias and myelofibrosis. In contrast, granulocytic G-6PD from patients with polycythemia vera always was normal. On the same way leukemic lymphocyte or lymphoblast G-6PD was identical to that from normal lymphocytes. 2. The ratio of enzymatic activity to immunological reactivity (=molecular specific activity) was markedly decreased in the myeloblasts of two patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and in the erythroblast-rich cellular fraction of a patient with erythroleukemia. In these cells the decrease of molecular specific activity was parallel to the alteration of the electrofocusing pattern of G-6PD. 3. The enzymatic forms with decreased isoelectric point also exhibited an altered affinity for glucose 6 phosphate. These modifications are post translational alterations of the neosynthesized G-6PD, since this enzyme is a single molecule, coded by the same gene in all tissues; they seem to correspond to an accelerated molecular aging due to an increased concentration of "G-6PD modifying factors". The significance of such an increased concentration of these G-6PD modifying factors in malignant cells is discussed. PMID- 1225386 TI - [Method of quantitative assessment of morphological changes in the central nervous system]. AB - The author present a variant of quantitative assessment of the degree of morphological changes in the central nervous system neurons. It is suggested that the following groups of the changed neurons should be distinguished: swollen neuron with the initial manifestations of breaking large tigroid lumps into smaller ones; swollen neuron with marked phenomena of breaking large tigroid lumps into smaller ones and initial phenomena of hypochromatosis; swollen neuron with total tigrolysis with hyper- and hypochromatosis; dehydrated hyperchromic neuron; vacuolized neuron; contracted atrophic neuron; perished neuron. Each of the mentioned groups is given a mark, characterizing the degree of morphological changes. A formula for the assessment of the degree of morphological changes for individual formations and zones of the central nervous system is suggested. PMID- 1225387 TI - [Organ culture of urinary bladder tissue]. AB - Bladder explants of young rats were cultivated in Carrel flasks on millipore filters, cellophane or polyvinyl chloride film. Nutritional mixture consisted of Eagles' medium, human serum and lactalbumin hydrolysate with addition of glucose, insulin and penicillin. On a millipore filter and a polyvinylchloride film the explants survived for up to 50 days, preserving a histotypical structure of the bladder mucosa. The technique described could be used for modelling various pathological conditions occurring in the urinary bladder. PMID- 1225388 TI - [Changes in local cerebral blood flow during increased general arterial pressure in animals]. AB - General blood pressure was increased in normal rabbits and in the animals with experimental renal hypertension by intravenous injection of noradrenaline; local cerebral circulation was recorded in two areas of the cortex the white matter of the large hemispheres by the method of hydrogen clearance and also by EEG. A number of successive changes of the local cerebral circulation was observed; these changes could be unitypical or different by duration and character on different electrodes. The appearance of pathological forms of electrical activity was noted on the EEG. PMID- 1225389 TI - [Change in cerebral bioelectric activity during whole body hypothermia and regional cooling of the head]. AB - Two series of experiments were conducted on dogs. In the first series of experiments dogs were subjected to deep hypothermia with an external chilling of the organism; in the second series-to the isolated deep hypothermia of the head with the maintenance of normothermia in the organism. Bioelectrical activity of the brain and circulation minute volume were recorded in the animals of both series. As revealed, depression of the bioelectrical activity was more pronounced and a prevalence of slow waves was observed in general hypothermia; at the same time a more even reduction of the electrical activity in all the EEG frequencies under study was seen in the series with local hypothermia. A reduction of the circulation minute volume was also more pronounced in the first series of experiments; in the authors' opinoin this was associated with the difference in the character of the EEG evolution with the same depth of hypothermia of the brain. PMID- 1225390 TI - [Change in phosphatase and acid cathepsin activity in the dog cerebral cortex in terminal states]. AB - Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and acid cathepsin activity increased in the subcellular fraction of the grey matter of dog brain in proportion to the duration of compression ischemia, particularly in the postmitochondrial supernatant. An increase in the alkaline phosphatase and of the acid cathepsin activity in the postmitochondrial supernatant was also observed at the period of clinical death caused by blood loss and preceded by hypotension of different duration and various levels of arterial pressure. Comparison of the above data indicated a common mechanism of proteolysis activation in the nervous tissue in the terminal states under study. PMID- 1225391 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation in rat spinal cord mitochondria in tetanus]. AB - The mitochondria isolated from the spinal cord of rats with local tetanus utilized oxygen and inorganic phosphate more intensive than the mitochondria of normal animals. Ratios of P/O were similar. In experiments in vitro purified tetanus toxin in doses 5 X 10(2) = 1 X 10(5) MLD (for mice) did not effect on oxidation of intact mitochondria. PMID- 1225392 TI - [Effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, DOPA and phenylalanine on lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria membranes]. AB - A method of superweak hemifluorescence was applied to the study of the effect of catecholamines on the process of chain peroxidation of lipids in the membranes of hepatic mitochondria in the presence of of Fe2+ ions. It was revealed that catecholamines in the concentrattion range of 10(-6)--10(-4) inhibited this process. On the basis of a mathematical study of the kinetics of the process a calculation was made of the constants of the antioxidative activity of catecholamines which constituted 1.13-10(4) for noradrenaline, 1.04-10(4) for adrenaline, 7.6-10(3) for dophamine, 5-.10(3)M(-1) for DOPA. The antioxidant action of catecholamines was associated with the presence in their molecule of a free phenol group. The mechanism of inhibition consisted in the interaction of catecholamines with the free radicals the leading of the oxidation chain. It is supposed that the antioxidative action of catecholamines could be of significance for the regulation of permeability of the biological membranes. PMID- 1225394 TI - [Mechanisms of central regulation of blood sugar content]. AB - Acute experiments were conducted on adult cats. Injection of insulin microdose (0.025 U/kg with 0.025 ml of saline) into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus caused an increase in the blood sugar level 10 and 70 min after the injection. Changes of the blood sugar level correlated with the EEG activation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus in response to the insulin injection, spreading to the lateral hypothalamus. However, hormonal stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus against the background of bilateral coagulation of the lateral hypothalamus produced no increase in the blood sugar level in 10 min. This is indicative of the participation of the lateral hypothalamus in the realization of hyperglycemic reactions in response to the insulin injection into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. PMID- 1225393 TI - [Interrelation of oxygen anion-radical generation and lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes]. AB - Consumption of O2-radicals and malondialdehyde accumulation was studied in the liver microsomes (LM) of rat after phenobarbital and 3-methylcholantrene induction, and in the LM of rabbits; there was revealed a suppression of lipid peroxidation, but a sufficiently high level of O2-radical generation. It is supposed that the absence of any direct association between the lipid peroxidation activity and the O2-radical generation in the LM of rats induced with the mentioned agents and in the LM of rabbits depended on increase in the antioxidant level. PMID- 1225395 TI - [Dynamics of Ca2+ transport in rat liver mitochondria in anoxia]. AB - Tetracycline was used as a fluorescent test-antibiotic for Ca2+ ions in rat liver mitochondria. Incubation of the isolated mitochondria under anaerobic conditions at 20 degrees C resulted in a rapid (in 30-min) loss by the mitochondria of the property to accumulate Ca2+. Disturbances of the mitochondrial Ca2+-accumulating property during the survival of the liver developed much more slowly (it took over 2 hours) and were not monotonous; the maximal values were recorded during the 5th-10th and the 60th minutes of survival. PMID- 1225396 TI - [Adrenergic component in the mechanism of action of sodium oxybutyrate]. AB - The influence of sodium oxybutyrate on the adrenergic neurotransmitter content in the nerve fibers and the synaptic vesicles and the uptake of exogenous noradrenaline (NA) by the sympathetic nerves of rat Vas deferens was studied by spectrofluorimetry, fluorescent-histochemistry and cytochemical electron microscopy. Sodium oxybutirate failed to influence the stores of the adrenergic mediator, but was capable of blocking the uptake and accumulation of the exogenous NA. PMID- 1225397 TI - [Histotopography of changes in the enzyme activity of rat brain exposed to fluorophenazine]. AB - The influence of fluorophenazine on succinic-, citric acid-, NAD-H2-and NADP-H2 dehydrogenases in different structures of rat brain was investigated by histochemical methods. Three hours after a single subcutaneous injection of fluorophenazine (1 and 5 mg/kg) the enzymatic activity was the greatest in the limbic and the frontal regions of the cortex. The inhibitory effects of fluorophenazine in these structures were greater than those of the neuroleptics trifluoroperazine, chlorpromazine. PMID- 1225398 TI - [Effect of phenamine and gutimine and gutimine on adaptive changes in arterial pressure occurring during skeletal muscle contraction]. AB - Effects of amphetamine (0,1--11 mg/kg) and gutimin (5--50 mg/kg) on the pressor reflex originating in the exercising muscle were studied on nonanesthetized decerebrate cats. Isometric exercise of the hind limb muscles was elicited by stimulating the spinal ventral roots L6--S1. Amphetamine (0.1 mg/kg) increased the level of arterial pressure and the amplitude of the pressor reflex. Higher doses of amphetamine decreased the pressor reflex to exercises and there was a fall of arterial pressure. Gutimin elevated the arterial pressure and failed to alter the pressor reflex to exercises. PMID- 1225399 TI - [Pharmacologic study of adrenergic mechanisms of compensatory hypertrophy of the ovary]. AB - Treatment of hemicastrated adult female rats with adrenoblockers, chlorpromazine and alpha-methyl-DOPA decreased the ovarian compensatory hypertrophy (OCH) and prevented the stilbestrol suppression of the OCH. Disulfiram (dophamine-beta hydroxylase inhibitor) potentiated the stilbestrol suppression of the OCH. Small doses of L-DOPA stimulated the OCH, and high doses of L-DOPA and dilantin failed to act on the ACH, but potentiated the estrogeninduced OCH inhibition. It is suggested that the FSH secretion was mediated by the release of norepinephrine in the central adrenergic neurons and that the estrogen action inhibiting the FSH secretion was mediated through the stimulation of dophamine release. PMID- 1225400 TI - [Effect of immunodepression on virus multiplication and interferon and antibody formation in animals]. AB - Administration of high doses of imuran had no significant effect on the multiplication of influenza A/PR8 and Coxsackie A6 viruses. However, the serum levels of interferon and antibody were completely suppressed. Peripheral leukocytes of mice given imuran produced no interferon in vitro. These data suggest that the impairment of formation of the antiviral immunity factors resulting from the administration of high doses of immunosuppressants, such as used during the graft rejection crises, could serve as one of the main causes facilitating viral infections in the course of the transplantation therapy. The results could be of practical importance for the development of the optimal immunosuppression schedules during the organ transplantation. PMID- 1225401 TI - [Participation of the lung in capturing subcutaneously injected antigens]. AB - Experiments were conducted on guinea pigs. With the aid of fluorescein-labeled antibodies it was shown that following a single or a two-fold immunization into the footpad complete typhoid antigen was revealed in the lung macrophages as soon as the first days (or after a two-fold administration-in several hours) and persisted there for 30 days. There was a tendency to concentration of the antigen containing macrophages in the perivascular and the peribronchial tissues. The dynamics of the antigen spread along the lymphoid organs is also described. PMID- 1225402 TI - [Components of cholinergic excitation coupling with smooth muscle contraction in the guinea pig taenia coli]. AB - In concentrations of 10(-9)-10(-7) g/ml acetylcholine increased the tone of the smooth muscles of the longitudinal band of the large intestine of a guinea pig, increasing the permeability of the cellular membranes for the entering flux of 45Ca2+. In concentrations of 10(-6) g/ml and over acetylcholine caused a release of the membranous calcium and in the concentrations of 10(-5)-10(-3) g/ml markedly increased the permeability of the membranes of the smooth muscle cells for the 22Na+ ions causing depolarization and an increase in the frequency of the action potentials. It is supposed that the coupling of the cholinergic stimulus with the end effect (muscle contraction) included 3 components: intensification of the entrance of Ca2+ into the smooth muscle cells, release of the membrane calcium and adhesion mechanism. PMID- 1225403 TI - [Accelerated determination of the carcinogenic activity of preparations under study]. AB - There was revealed a correlation between the activity of erythropoiesis and the resistance of the mouse organism both to the induced carcinogenesis and to the growth of the transplanted tumour. By choosing animals with a weakened erythropoiesis into experiment it is apparently possible to decrease considerably the period of the examination of the carcinogenic activity of the preparations under study. PMID- 1225404 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum in spontaneous mouse mammary tumors and lung neoplasms]. AB - The report deals with the LDH isoenzymatic spectrum in the mannary glands, lung, spontaneous tumours of the mammary glands and in metastases into the lung in mature female C3H mice. The difference in the metastases and the tumour LDH isoenzymatic spectrum was in the higher activity of the anode fraction of metastases. The presence of lung metastases was accompanied by a cathode drift of the LDH isoenzymatic spectrum to this organ tissue. PMID- 1225405 TI - [Temperature limits of mitosis in mammalian cell cultures]. AB - Mammalian cells of different origin (11 strains) were cultivated at the temperature of 25--41 degrees to measure the temperature limits of mitosis. Different strains of the cells reacted to the increase or decrease in the cultivation temperature in a dissimilar way. The difference between the upper temperature limit and the optimum one was not over 5 degrees. Cell division did not end with the temperature fall by over 10 degrees. Various cell strains responded to the temperature decrease in a different way. Most cellular population had three cell types. The majority of the cells were capable of dividing at the threshold temperature; some cells could enter mitosis without completing it and stop at the metaphase. The temperature limits of mitosis were not related to the species and tissue origin of the cells. PMID- 1225406 TI - [Presence of biologically active glutamyl peptide in rabbit bone marrow]. AB - The presence of chromatographically pure and biologically active glutamylpeptide in the rabbit bone marrow was shown and methods of its isolation were given. The substances had an unusual circular dichroism contrary to that of the natural proteins. In a concentration of 10(-5) M the isolated peptide decreased the survival of the Chinese hamster culture cells to 30%. It was analogous to the peptide isolated formerly from plants by a number of physical and chemical characteristics; the latter possessed cytogenetic activity and increased the mutagenic action of the ionizing radiation. PMID- 1225407 TI - [Electron microscopic study of monoaminergic fibers in the posterior lobe of the rat hypophysis]. AB - Monoaminergic fibers and their swellings containing dense core vesicles, 700-1000 A in diameter, were found by electron microscopic studies in the posterior pituitary of rat. Most of them are situated far from capillaries and are surrounded by neurosecretory fibers and pituicytes. There are usually no specialized structures at the sites of contact between them. Single monoaminergic fibers come in contact with the capillaries and even penetrate the pericapillary space. Large swelling of these fibers which sometimes occur contain different polymorphous inclusions, degenerating mitochondria and numerous small tubules along with the dense core vesicles. PMID- 1225408 TI - [Nature of rhythmic discharges in ventral spinal cord roots]. AB - Rhythmic "locomotor discharges" recorded in the ventral spinal roots by Perret et al proved to increase during asphyxia and disappeared during apnea. Thus, rhythmic discharges in the ventral spinal roots depended on irradiation from the respiratory centre and could not confirm the fact of existence of a special "locomotor pacemaker". PMID- 1225410 TI - [Role of the inner elastic membrane in forming the surface microrelief of blood vessels]. AB - A study of the aortic walls with and without the endothelial cells by means of the raster electron microscope showed the great folds of the blood vascular microrelief to be formed by the inner elastic membrane. PMID- 1225409 TI - [Synthesis and characteristics of proteins in inner mitochondrial membranes of the myocardium of rats with disseminated necrotic heart diseases]. AB - Two fractions of the inner membranes of the mitochondria were isolated from rat myocardium: complex-the inner membranes-matrix (fraction A); the aggregates of the inner membranes deproved of the matrix (fraction B). Both fractions of the membranes effectuated the incorporation of the radioactive amino acids with the same activity. With the aid of gel electrophoresis the amount of the protein components of A and B fractions was found to bary from 20 to 30. The mol wts were from 10000 to 200000. Disseminated myocardial necrosis produced by novodrine injection based on the ischemic state of the heart led in two days to a considerable decrease in the protein synthesizing activity of fractions A and B. The protein profiles and the mol wt of the membrane protein components displayed no marked changes. PMID- 1225411 TI - [Stimulation of fibrillogenesis in granulation tissue]. AB - RNA synthesis by fibroblasts in healing wounds of mice and passage of the newly formed RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm were studied in control mice and those treated by potassium orotate. Potassium orotate accelerated the passage of the RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the fibroblasts. Formation and maturation of the collagen fibrils in the wounds were studied by scanning electron microscope. PMID- 1225412 TI - In vitro studies of the action of carbon tetrachloride on glucose consumption of Fasciola gigantica. PMID- 1225413 TI - Pilot study on prevalence of ankylostomiasis in Iraq. PMID- 1225414 TI - The value of oral hygiene in the prevention and control of periodontal diseases. PMID- 1225415 TI - The focus of Bilharizia in Erbil. PMID- 1225416 TI - Laboratory studies on the biology of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae). PMID- 1225417 TI - The role of carbohydrates in the biology of the liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica: glycogen content, its utilization and resynthesis by starved flukes. PMID- 1225418 TI - Health of the Arabian cities. PMID- 1225419 TI - Epidemiology of bilharziasis in Iraq in 1972 with special reference to bilharziasis population studies. PMID- 1225420 TI - Comparison of scholastic progress between bilharzia infected and non-infected pupils in a rural school. PMID- 1225421 TI - Exposure of the snail, Ferrissia sp. (Ancylidae, limpet) to S. hematobium miracidia. PMID- 1225422 TI - An autopsy case of muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome. PMID- 1225423 TI - Aplastic anemia and labor. PMID- 1225424 TI - Variations in serum proteins in leukemia. PMID- 1225425 TI - Note on neuroleptanesthesia. PMID- 1225426 TI - Studies on the XYY syndrome--with special reference to psychiatric aspects. PMID- 1225427 TI - [Radioactive pollutants and senile cataracts]. PMID- 1225428 TI - [Mooren's ulcer in the Republic of Zaire (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225429 TI - [Study of the corneal epithelium by electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in kerato-conjunctivitis sicca]. PMID- 1225430 TI - Adolescent cystinosis. A report of the eye symptoms in two cases. PMID- 1225431 TI - [Double homonymous hemianopsia with preservation of central vision caused by bilateral thrombosis of the posterior calcarine arteries]. PMID- 1225432 TI - Ophthalmodynamography in vascular shunts in the carotid artery region. PMID- 1225433 TI - Averaging in E.R.G. and V.E.R. first clinical results. PMID- 1225434 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of bilateral paralysis of the 4th nerve]. PMID- 1225435 TI - Diplopia, plasmocytosis and myelomatosis. PMID- 1225436 TI - Superior oblique click in a variable bilateral Brown's syndrome. PMID- 1225437 TI - Relations between performance on the advance matrices and the EPI in high intelligence subjects. AB - This study continues the investigation of the relationship between performance on tests of intelligence, and the personality parameters of the Eysenckian theoretical framework. Candidates for admission to an honours degree course (n = 281) were given the Advanced Progressive Matrices as a screening device. Those admitted to the course were on later occasions given both forms of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). In view of problems of test-retest on the EPI, scores were analysed in a novel fashion to give three groups: 'introverts', 'extraverts' and 'ambiverts'. The 'introverts' scored significantly highest on the Matrices, but the scores of the 'ambiverts' were lowest. Neuroticism showed little interaction with other variables. These results are discussed in terms of the theory of reactive inhibition. New data on the Advanced Progressive Matrices are given which are significantly higher than the published university norms. PMID- 1225438 TI - Stimulus generalization and anxiety in schizophrenic and normal subjects. AB - Sixty schizophrenics and 60 normal subjects were compared on a test of stimulus generalization. The generalization stimuli were lines differing in length. Both schizophrenics and normals were divided into two groups (30 subjects each) and trained either on a short line or on a long line. In addition to the generalization stimuli, subjects were presented with an irrelevant stimulus (circle). Although there was a significant difference between the generalization gradients of the groups, this difference was limited to generalization stimuli away from the negative training stimulus. The concept of peak shift was invoked to interpret these data. That the groups did not respond to the irrelevant stimulus is inconsistent with interference theory and gives some support to the differentiation between conceptual overinclusion and perceptual overinclusion. The relationship between stimulus generalization and scores on the Manifest Anxiety Scale was inconsistent. PMID- 1225439 TI - A developmental approach to delineate components of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. AB - Two developmentally based tests were devised to study the nature of schizophrenic cognitive dysfunction within a psychopharmacolgical framework and to relate the data to developmental and psychophysiological models. The Colour-Form Preference Test was designed to evaluate cognitive style in terms of early maturational stages and provided a subscale for assessing arousal-related cognitive growth. The Egocentricity of Thought Test, adapted from Piaget's developmental study of right-left positional concepts, enabled investigation in terms of the later stages of cognitive growth. These and other clinical measures were taken of schizophrenic patients at various points of treatment and also administered to a non-psychotic comparison group. Test results supported their validity, reliability, longitudinal sensitivity and capacity for nosological and prognostic discriminations. The data also suggested a distinction between two components of schizophrenic cognitive dysfunction -- one drug-sensitive, which could be considered as arousal-related, and the other drug-resistant, which might best be described as developmental. A two-factor model encompassing the psychophysiological and developmental hypotheses is thus offered as a more comprehensive representation of the cognitive disorder. PMID- 1225440 TI - Colour form representation test: a developmental method for the study of cognition in schizophrenia. AB - The Colour Form Representation Test (CFR) was devised as one of a series of developmentally rooted objective measures of schizophrenic cognitive dysfunction. Based on the observations of Piaget and others in relation to the conceptual use of colour, form and representational cues, it provided a four-level response hierarchy corresponding to the preverbal and early verbal stages of cognitive growth. The CFR was tested with 66 schizophrenics and 42 non-psychotic subjects and found to distinguish between these two groups and among schizophrenic subtypes. It showed significant correlations with measures of cognitive and attentional dysfunction and, longitudinally, was observed to be a reliable instrument that reflected the differential therapeutic outcome of various schizophrenic groups. The research potential of the CFR and its relevance to developmental and psychophysiological theories of schizophrenic cognitive disorder were discussed. PMID- 1225441 TI - Extraversion, neuroticism and cigarette smoking. PMID- 1225442 TI - Constituents of urinary calculi containing struvite. AB - In a collection of 615 stones containing struvite and in which the sequential deposition of the constituents from the nucleus to the surface had been determined, other substances were found to follow a marked deposition of struvite in 139 cases. In 122, the compound was accompanied by struvite, in 16, struvite was replaced by it and in 1, both types of deposition had occurred in different layers. All urinary stone constituents could accompany struvite and many could replace this compound. PMID- 1225443 TI - IgG catabolism in anephric patients. AB - The catabolism of purified human 125I labelled IgG has been studied in patients with chronic renal failure, both nephrectomised and non-nephrectomised, on intermittent haemodialysis. In all patients the T 1/2 of IgG was the same as in normal controls, and using chromatographic separation on Sephadex G200, there was no evidence of alteration of molecular size as a result of dialysis. The results do not support the notion that the kidney is an important site of IgG catabolism in humans. PMID- 1225444 TI - Grey-scale ultrasound imaging: assessment of acute hydronephrosis. AB - Rapid changes in the renal anatomy during the development and resolution of an acute hydronephrosis may require multiple imaging procedures. The ionising radiation hazard limits the extent to which this may be achieved by intravenous pyelography. Grey-scale ultrasound offers a safe, non-intrusive technique for visualising the renal pelvis which may be repeated daily. The value of such an ultrasound facility is illustrated by 3 case histories. PMID- 1225445 TI - Nephroscopy. AB - Nephroscopy is a simple and valuable procedure, which may be used to differentiate between stones within the calyces of the kidney and calcification in the pyramids and to locate stones and stone fragments. The ordinary ifnant panendoscope is a suitable instrument to use. PMID- 1225446 TI - The long-term management and social consequences of ureterosigmoid anastomosis. AB - It is regrettable that while the recognised complications of ureterosigmoid anastomosis - recurrent urinary tract infection, and acidosis- can be avoided and obstructive uropathy can be recognised early and so treated, the operation frequently condemns the patient to a restricted life with an unpleasant ritual of bowel frequency and incontinence. It seems that the lack of awareness of this bizarre life-style and the occasional true successes have allowed the operation to remain in use. Our experience confirms the unpredictability of the end result of ureterosigmoid anastomosis and suggests that the operation should be largely abandoned, in favour of the conduit type procedure. PMID- 1225447 TI - Transperitoneal ureterolithotomy. AB - The transperitoneal approach to the pelvic ureter has many advantages over the extraperitoneal technique for ureterolithotomy but the operation is safe only if contamination of the peritoneal cavity is avoided by establishing extraperitoneal drainage after closing the incision in the peritoneum over the ureter. PMID- 1225448 TI - Urological complications following aortofemoral bypass graft. AB - 3 cases of ureteric obstruction secondary to aortic femoral bypass grafting are presented. This complication has been infrequently reported and we feel that it may be more common than is recognised. In all other published cases the ureter lay behind the prosthesis but the authors present a surgically proved case where the ureter lay in its normal position. The aseptic vascular reconstructive surgical procedures are to be preferred to ureteric reconstruction. PMID- 1225449 TI - Triplication of ureter on one side and duplication on the other. PMID- 1225450 TI - Pathogenesis of ureteric reflux in vesical calculus disease of childhood: a clinical study. AB - A clinical, radiographic and endoscopic study of 34 children suffering from vesical calculus disease and manifesting ureteric reflux has been presented. The oedema and inflammatory changes from the vesical calculus and infection were responsible for the reflux in the majority of these children. The reflux was eradicated by simple removal of the stone. The importance of detailed urological investigation of all the children presenting with lower urinary tract calculi has been emphasised. PMID- 1225451 TI - The management of pyocystis following ileal conduit urinary diversion in children. AB - 27 cases of pyocystis following ileal conduit urinary diversion are discussed. In those cases not responding to medical treatment, vagino-vesicostomy is recommended as an alternative to cystectomy. The operation of prophylactic vagino vesicostomy at the time of the original diversion is discussed. PMID- 1225452 TI - Prolonged bladder distension in the treatment of the unstable bladder. AB - 11 patients underwent 12 prolonged bladder distensions for bladder instability. In no case did the cystometrogram revert from an unstable to a stable pattern, through 6 patients noted symptomatic improvement which was attested as moderate by 2 and marginal by 4. PMID- 1225453 TI - Automatic bladder irrigation after vaginal surgery. AB - Comparing Cystomatic irrigation of the bladder with conventional gravity drainage, there was no decrease in immediate urinary infection rates nor was there any obvious improvement in the speed of recovery of bladder function. PMID- 1225454 TI - Carcinoma of the bladder matastatic to the tongue. PMID- 1225455 TI - Double bladder with complete sagittal septum: diagnosis and treatment. AB - A case of double bladder with complete sagittal septum in which the excluded bladder and septum were removed (together with the silent kidney and ureter) is described. Long-term follow-up has confirmed the success of the operation. Cases of this rare malformation reported in the literature are reviewed and diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 1225456 TI - The nature of the abnormality in bladder neck obstruction. AB - There is no dispute that there exists, in men, a condition of obstruction at the bladder neck in the absence of fibrous stricture or prostatic enlargement. The condition was clearly described by Guthrie (1836) and Young (1913) reported the results ff punch resection operation in over 50 cases. The large measure of success now achieved following resection of the bladder neck in these patients has perhaps been allowed to mask our ignorance of the nature of the abnormality and thus discourage studies of its cause. It is perhaps most often thought to result from fibrosis but a number of studies--for example Baadenoch (1949)--have shown no associated increase in fibrous tissue. Certainly the condition is in no way similar to the hard fibrous stricture seen more often in the distal urethra, or at the bladder neck as an occasional complication of prostatectomy. Our study shows that the obstruction if functional in nature and is due to the tightening of the bladder neck as the detrusor contracts. PMID- 1225457 TI - Suprapubic prostatectomy combined with vesico-urethroplasty. AB - A new look at the operation of suprapublic prostatectomy is suggested in view of the continuing substantial morbidity associated with traditional techniques. The proposition is that a reconstructive as distinct from a simple ablative operation is possible, notwithstanding long-standing beliefs to the contrary. The writer goes on to outline the principles, and to describe and illustrate in detail the steps in a new technique of prostatectomy combined with a urethroplasty, which uses full-thickness bladder wall flaps to provide immediate epithelial cover for the denuded surfaces of the prostatic urethra. The theoretical advantages of such a technique are borne out by the results in the first 400 cases so treated, which are contrasted with those from a comparable personal series of 200 retropubic prostatectomies and other representative series. PMID- 1225458 TI - Urinary tract infection following trans-rectal biopsy of the prostate. AB - An unacceptably high incidence of urinary tract infection was found in a retrospective survey of patients undergoing trans-rectal biopsy of the prostate. The incidence was considerably greater than that found in a prospective survey of bladder endoscopy alone. It is suggested that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis might be worthwhile in this situation. PMID- 1225459 TI - A case of bilateral cystadenoma of the epididymides presenting as infertility. PMID- 1225460 TI - Iglesias resectoscope with continuous irrigation, suction and low intravesical pressure. AB - A resectoscope with continuous irrigation, suction and low intravesical pressure is described. Advantages of this instrument include: no interruption, better endoscopic vision by a continuous clear inflow of more than 600 ml per min, a constant intravesical pressure less than 10mm Hg during the resection, shorter operating time, less bleeding, easier teaching and no more wet floor and wet surgeon. Since the entire amount of irrigating fluid is collected, blood loss can be calculated and the amount of absorption determined. PMID- 1225461 TI - Cysts of the prostrate. AB - 2 rare cases of prostatic cysts are described. The first was considered to be a congenital cyst originating in the Mullerian system and the second a large retention cyst of the prostate. The problems arising from the present classification of prostatic cysts are briefly noted. PMID- 1225462 TI - Penile amoebiasis: an unusual presentation. PMID- 1225463 TI - Spinal motoneurons of the goldfish, carassius auratus. AB - The spinal cord of goldfish (Carassius auratus) was examined in normal and experimental animals by light and electron microscopy. Comparisons of Golgi material and electron micrographs have shown the large ventral horn motoneurons to have dendrites with few spines. The axon may arise from a ventral dendrite. Synapses on the motoneuron may be chemical or combined electrotinic and chemical or electrotonic between dendrites. Transection of the cord produced degeneration of small boutons, but large boutons remained intact. Small boutons were found on dorsal root axons and large boutons on interneurons in Golgi preparations. Boutons en passant may arise from myelinated fibers. PMID- 1225464 TI - Primary afferent fiber distribution at brachial and lumbosacral spinal cord levels in the opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virigniana). AB - This paper describes the spinal cord distribution of primary afferent fibers from forelimb and hindlimb in the North American opossum. Fibers entering the cord distribute to all ipsilateral laminae (I-IX) within their segment of entry, often have a small crossed projection to the contralateral dorsal horn, and extend as well into adjacent segments of lumboseacral and cervical enlargements. Segmentally derived afferents have a longitudinal extent of up to 10 segments into laminae VI and VII, of 5-6 segments into dorsal horn laminae I-IV, and are most restricted in their projection to maina IX (2-3 segments). The total extent and the detailed pattern of distribution of these fibers is very similar to that of previously studied placental mammals. PMID- 1225465 TI - Termination of supraspinal descending pathways in the spinal cord of the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus. AB - Descending fiber projections to the lizard spinal cord were studied using anterograde axonal degeneration. Following hemisection of the cord at the first spinal segment, degeneration was found in the white and gray matter as far down as the 31st (caudal) segment. Degenerating fibers in the white matter were confined to the ipsilateral side and were found in the medial longitudinal fasiculus and the outer half ot the lateral and ventral funiculi. Degeneration was more intense in the dorsolateral and ventromedial funiculi than in the ventrolateral funiculus. In the gray matter, REXED's criteria were applied to Nissl-stained material to delimit boundaries of ten laminae. Degeneration of suprospinal axons was most intense in the medial part of VII, dorsal and ventral commissures to ramify contralaterally in the medial part of VII, in VII, and in medial IX. No degeneration was present in the lateral part of the spinal gray on the contralateral side. In Golgi-stained material, dendrites of lateral IX cells were seen to extend into lamina VII, the dorsolateral part of VII, and the lateral funiculus. Thus, fibers of the ventromedial supraspinal pathway may make axodendritic contact with motoneurons of lateral IX as well as medial IX, ipsilaterally. In addition, there is a possibility of a crossed connection to contralateral motoneurons. PMID- 1225466 TI - Cortical and brain stem projections to the spinal cord of the American opossum, Didelphis marsupialis virginiana. AB - The present report describes the results of experiments designed to study supraspinal systems in the American opossum by several techniques. The data indicate that although spinal fibers from the opossum motor-sensory cortex are small and limited in their distribution, those from the brain stem are comparable in their origin, course, caudal extent and distribution to those described for placental mammals. Such results support the use of the opossum as an experimental animal for nervous system research; but, furthermore, suggest that its marsupial embryology makes it an ideal model for experiments designed to elucidate the ontogeny of the nervous system. PMID- 1225467 TI - Atropine dose in acute myocardial infarction in man. AB - Heart rate response to intravenous atropine therapy in acute myocardial infarction (MI) was assessed from detailed studies performed on 18 of 492 consecutively admitted coronary care unit patients. Atropine was given for extreme bradycardia (less than 40/min) or bradycardia (less than 60/min) coincident with hypotension or ventricular premature beats. 14 patients had posterior and 4 anterior infarction. Degree of cardioacceleration evoked by atropine depended upon drug dose and route of administration. Atropine, 0.0053 0.0088 mg/kg, given within 15 sec increased heart rate by 20-72/min but never beyond a peak rate of 120. Larger atropine doses, 0.120-0.148 mg/kg, increased heart rate by 51-92/min and, in four to five instances to a peak rate exceeding 120/min. Intramuscular atropine was associated with paradoxical slowing of heart rate in one case. Multiple neural, hormonal, and circulatory factors can modify heart rate response to fixed amounts of intravenous atropine but 0.008 mg/kg represents a safe and suitable initial drug dose for use in acute MI. PMID- 1225468 TI - Atrial myxoma: a review of 9 cases. AB - The clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, apexcardiograms, phonocardiograms and echocardiographic features are related to hemdoynamic and angiocardiographic measurements in 9 patients with atrial myxoma (6 left atrial and 3 right atrial tumors). Emphasis is placed on the clinical clues to the diagnosis. Echocardiography has become the most useful non-invasive method of investigation. However, angiocardiography remains the definitive diagnostic procedure. PMID- 1225469 TI - Isolated U wave-inversion in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Three patients are presented in whom an isolated inversion of the U wave preceded by several hours typical electrocardiographic changes of an acute myocardial infarction. The association of transient hypertension and an acute U-wave inversion during this period of myocardial ischemia is discussed. It is suggested that within the appropriate clinical context an isolated U-wave inversion may portend an acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1225470 TI - Fascicular conduction blocks and their relationship to complete heart block in Nigerians. AB - Following electrocardiographic analysis, isolated or combined blocks in the intraventricular trifascicular system including predivisional left bundle branch block with left posterior hemiblock in Nigerians are presented and the underlying causes reviewed. The rarity of complete heart block, despite the not uncommon fascicular blocks, is of interest and may be related to the population age structure considering the invariably slow rate of degeneration of conduction fibres in the system. PMID- 1225471 TI - Five-year follow-up of resting and postexercise phonocardiogram in asymptomatic persons. AB - Phonocardiograms were recorded in 200 clinically normal adults, mean age 51 +/- 6 years, at rest and after a double Master's test. Five-year follow-up clinical data was obtained in 199 of these 200 subjects. The resting fourth heart sound correlated with the subsequent development of coronary heart disease within 5 years (p = 0.036). Neither the postexercise fourth heart sound nor the resing or postexercise third heart sound showed any correlation with the subsequent development of coronary heart disease within 5 years. PMID- 1225472 TI - Persistent reversal of severe systemic hypertension after prolonged toxic reaction to hydralazine. AB - A patient with severe progressive hypertension was treated with parenteral hexamethonium and large dosages of hydralazine. He developed a 'hydralazine syndrome', the etiology of which was not recognized for approximately 9 months. Upon discontinuance of hydralazine the patient was easily kept normotensive for over 20 years, using only small dosages of cryptenamine, reserpine and/or bendroflumethiazide. Similar observations are cited in the literature in seven other patients who were treated with hydralazine for significant periods of time after toxic symptoms occurred. PMID- 1225473 TI - Measures and results of early therapy in acutely bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 1225474 TI - Alterations of portal hemodynamics after splenorenal shunts. PMID- 1225475 TI - A new technique for the treatment of esophageal varices. PMID- 1225476 TI - Mesenterico-caval shunt with jugular vein for portal hypertension. PMID- 1225477 TI - [The value of methotrexate continuous intra-arterial infusion in the management of head and neck incurable cancer]. PMID- 1225478 TI - [Epidemiology and geomedical aspects of cancer]. PMID- 1225479 TI - [Hormones in cancer growth and treatment]. PMID- 1225481 TI - [What's new in radiotherapy?]. PMID- 1225480 TI - [Indications and limitations of chemotherapy]. PMID- 1225482 TI - [The place of surgery in cancer therapy]. PMID- 1225483 TI - The cytotoxic effect of serum from patients with Addison's disease and autoimmune ovarian failure on human granulosa cells in culture. AB - Human granulosa cells growing in culture were used to study the effects of sera from twenty-three patients with idiopathic Addison's disease. There were two women with primary amenorrhoea, thirteen with premature ovarian failure following a normal menarche, and one man with testicular atrophy in this group. The sera from all twenty-three patients contained antibodies which reacted with fresh sections of human corpus luteum using an in vitro immunoflorescence test. Serum fron nine of the twenty-three patients contained antibodies which were cytotoxic to human granulosa cells in tissue culture; the cytotoxic effect was complement dependent, and related to the immunofluorescent staining properties of the serum and dilution of antibody present. No cytotoxic effect was observed when granulosa cells were cultured in serum from the remaining fourteen Addisonian patients, or from normally menstruating women, post-menopausal women or in serum containing organ-specific antibodies to other endocrine tissues. The cytotoxic effect was paralleled by a fall in progesterone production by the granulosa cells. The production of progesterone by cells cultured in any of the non-cytotoxic sera was significantly greater than that produced by cells in the presence of cytotoxic antibody. PMID- 1225484 TI - Leucocytotoxicity in malignant and non-malignant colonic diseases. AB - The survival of cells from five different cultures of allogeneic malignant colonic carcinoma, two from normal adult colonic epithelium and eight from foetal colonic epithelium in the presence of leucocytes from patients with neoplastic and inflammatory disorders of the colon has been compared. Cytotoxicity assessed by the reduction of the number of adherent target cells in microplate wells compared with those surviving in wells treated with tissue culture medium alone was observed with leucocytes from donors in all categories examined including those from individuals without any known abnormality. Patients with ulcerative colitis were the only group to reveal consistent reactivity against cultures derived from all three sources, an observation which may reflect sensitization to organ-related antigens in this disease. In contrast, leucocytes from patients with bowel neoplasia showed reactivity for cells derived from colon carcinoma tissue, which was comparable to that of healthy donors. Evidence for tumour specific cytotoxicity was therefore lacking in this study. It is suggested that the detection of tumour-associated antigens on cultured cells may be limited by a number of factors of which the wide variation in reactivity among controls and unspecified nature of the target cells are likely to be of greatest importance. PMID- 1225485 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene contact sensitization in pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Skin sensitization with DNCB was carried out in forty-five untreated, 106 "on treatment" and fifteen fully treated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis along with fifty-five controls. Mantoux test with PPD was also carried out simultaneously. All the normal controls could be sensitized to DNCB and the degree of sensitization was 4+ in majority of the subjects. In contrast, in untreated patients only eighteen could be sensitized to DNCB and the degree of sensitivity did not reach 4+ in any patient. Similarly, fifty-five patients could not be sensitized with DNCB in the group of 106 subjects who were still suffering from active disease and were on therapy and none gave a 4+ response. The difference in the proportion of subjects who could be sensitized to DNCB in these two patient groups was significantly less in comparison to controls. Among fifteen patients who were fully treated and did not have active disease thirteeen could be sensitized with DNCB, but the degree of response was again found to be less than the controls. All the patients as well as the controls gave a high proportion of Mantoux positivity. These findings indicate that there is a subtle degree of immunodeficiency in pulmonary tuberculosis which improves simultaneously with the clinical improvement. PMID- 1225486 TI - Presence of antibodies specific to cartilage-type collagen in rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - Synovial membranes of rheumatoid arthritis patients were examined by fluorescence microscopy for the presence of cells producing different classes of immunoglobulins and for the incidence of antibodies to human collagens. IgG and IgM immunoglobulins were detected while IgA, IgD and IgE were absent. When consecutive tissue sections were incubated with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labelled collagen preparations, prominent cellular and extra cellular staining was observed only with cartilage-derived Type II collagen. PMID- 1225487 TI - Serum disappearance and catabolism of homologous immunoglobulin fragments in rats. AB - The serum disappearance, metabolic clearance and whole body catabolism of homologous immunoglobulin fragments were studied in rats. The rapid disappearance of Fab fragments from serum in normal animals was no longer present after nephrectomy. In contrast, the serum disappearance curve of Fc fragments was not altered by nephrectomy. The results of three different experiments, however, indicated that similar to Fab fragments, some Fc fragments underwent filtration and degradation in the kidneys. First, the amount of intact Fc fragments excreted in the first day after injection increased from 6% of the injected dose in normal rats to 17% in rats pretreated with sodium maleate. Secondly, nephrectomy eliminated the rapid phase of whole body catabolism of inected Fc fragments. Thirdly, auto-radiographic studies showed localization of Fc fragments in the renal proximal tubule cells in the first 3 hr after injection. An identical localization was seen with Fab fragments. These results support the conclusion that removal from circulation by glomerular filtration and subsequent reabsorption and degradation in proximal tubule cells represent the major mechanism for catabolism of Fab fragments. Although some Fc fragments undergo the same fate, most injected Fc fragments equilibrate with unknown sites where they are possibly bound and made unavailable for filtration in the kidneys. PMID- 1225488 TI - Small lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissues of nude mice. Life-span and distribution. AB - The distribution of small lymphocytes according to life-span in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of the mouse mutant "nude" has been studied by means of auto radiography and scintillation counting to evaluate the localization of B lymphocytes with varying life-span. The vast majority of the lymphocytes in this congenitally athymic mouse are relatively long-lived, although few cells live for 6 weeks or more. Differences in labelling percentages of blood, spleen and lymph node lymphocytes indicated a production of lymphocytes with a short residence time in the spleen. A similar production was not seen in the lymph nodes. While the lymphocytes in the spleen were evenly distributed according to life-span, the paracortical lymphocytes in lymph nodes were found to have a generally shorter life-span than those of the cortex, in opposition to findings in normal mice. The cortical cells which were by far the most numerous in the lymph nodes seemed to be more sessile than para-cortical lymphocytes. The life-span of these latter cells are comparable to those of thoracic duct lymphocytes, and the scarcity of cells in the paracortex reflects the small number of recirculating lymphocytes in nude mice. PMID- 1225489 TI - [Current pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1225490 TI - [Association of proteolytic enzymes with antibiotics. II. Pharmacological studies]. PMID- 1225491 TI - [Clinical studies on the diuretic and saluretic activity of a new quinazolone derivative]. PMID- 1225492 TI - [Current therapeutic problems in minor salmonella infections]. PMID- 1225493 TI - [Association of proteolytic enzymes with a new synthetic diuretic. IV. Pharmacological studies]. PMID- 1225494 TI - [Current biochemical, clinical and therapeutic views on the subject of liver steatosis]. PMID- 1225495 TI - Biochemical genetics of the Truei and Boylei groups of the genus Peromyscus (Rodentia). PMID- 1225496 TI - Giemsa staining of the sites replicating DNA early in human lymphocyte chromosomes. AB - A timetable for the initiation of DNA replication in human lymphocyte chromosomes has been established by a technique which allows detection of areas of chromosomes replicating at a given interval of the S-phase. The resolution of the method, using 33258 Hoechst-Giemsa staining, is more refined than that obtained with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Early replicating regions coincide with R bands. The timetable is rather coarse since replication may start asynchronously in the same region of homologous autosomes of the same metaphase and since even the sequence of bands appearing on individual chromosomes sometimes deviates from the rule. PMID- 1225497 TI - The Giemsa banding pattern of the canine karyotype. AB - The canine metaphase karyotype consists of 78 chromosomes. All autosomes exhibit telocentric or acrocentric configurations gradually diminishing in size. These features make identification of homologous pairs by conventional analysis difficult. Chromosome preparations were derived from short-term cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from clinically normal dogs representing at least four breeds. Most components of the canine karyotype can be distinguished readily. No significant G-banding pattern variations were detected in the individuals screened. An idiogrammatic interpretation of the banding pattern is presented. Apart from bands, other characteristic morphologic features were found which aid in identification. The G-banding pattern of the canine metacentric X is quite similar to that of the banded human X. The canine Y is a minute metacentric having two positive bands. PMID- 1225498 TI - Chromosomal banding patterns in Akodon arviculoides (2n=14),Akodon sp.(2n=24 and 25), and two male hybrids with 19 chromosomes. AB - Chromosomal polymorphism resulting from two pericentric inversions in Akodon arviculoides (2n=14) has been described (YONENAGA, 1972a). In this paper the banding patterns are presented and identification of the inverted segments of the autosomal pairs 2 and 3 is made. The karyotype of Akodon sp., which varies in diploid number (2n-24 and 25), is described and shown to be due to the presence of a small submetacentric chromosome in the 2n=25 individuals. The karyotypes of two 2n=19 males studied show that they are hybrids between Akodon arviculoides (2n=14) and Akodon sp. (2n=24). PMID- 1225499 TI - A double translocation culture t(5;15)t(9;11) with partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. Repository identification No. GM-344. PMID- 1225500 TI - A (6;18) translocation, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-610. PMID- 1225501 TI - An (X;3) translocation, balanced, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-194. PMID- 1225502 TI - A (13;22) translocation, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-627. PMID- 1225503 TI - A (Y;15) translocation, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-118. PMID- 1225504 TI - [Biomechanics and structural arrangement of bone]. PMID- 1225505 TI - [Essential pes cavus]. PMID- 1225507 TI - [Clinico-statistical review of 110 cases of surgically treated cervical disk hernia]. PMID- 1225506 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the distal tendon of the brachial biceps]. PMID- 1225508 TI - [Treatment of comminuted fractures of the femoral diaphysis]. PMID- 1225509 TI - [Post-traumatic bone regeneration (considerations on a case of severe fracture of the pelvis)]. PMID- 1225511 TI - [The influence of various drugs on the intestinal tract]. PMID- 1225510 TI - Antirheumatic drugs: clinical pharmacological and therapeutic aspects. AB - There are many current concepts of the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases which incorporate immunological, infectious and hereditary factors. Rheumatic diseases may sometimes become apparent after trauma, be associated with certain diseases and may be induced by nerve damage and serum sickness. Systemic lupuserythematosus may result from the use of a variety of drugs. At present the body of evidence tends to incriminate immunological factors as well as infectious agents as principal factors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Just as there is uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, knowledge of the mechanism of action of the various drugs used to treat these diseases is also incomplete. Recent progress indicates that inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and possibly lysosomal membrane stabilization are primary modes of action of the anti-inflammatory agents. Certain antirheumatic drugs have also been shown to exert some of their therapeutic effect by interfering with the kallikrein-kinin-kininase system... PMID- 1225512 TI - [The persorption of crystals]. PMID- 1225513 TI - [The excretion of oxalates in urine following oral administration of oxalic acid and magnesium]. PMID- 1225514 TI - Gonadotrophs following removal of the ovaries: a fine structural study of human pituitary glands. AB - The fine structure of gonadotrophs has been investigated in surgically removed pituitary glands of 12 women who because of disseminated breast cancer, underwent bilateral ovariectomy at various periods before hypophysectomy. Compared with the adenohypophyses of 3 non-ovariectomized female subjects with diabetes mellitus, electron microscopy revealed that two cell types were affected by gonadectomy. These cell types corresponded to those which were regarded as FSH gonadotrophs and LH gonadotrophs in previous studies. In addition in the adenohypophyses stimulated by removal of the ovaries, intermediary cell types began to appear suggesting a transformation of LH gonadotrophs to FSH gonadotrophs. The most conspicuous change following gonadectomy was the formation of castration cells. These cells arose from FSH gonadotrophs and exhibited ultrastructural features interpreted as representing the morphologic manifestations of sustained hypersecretion of gonadotrophins. It seemed that castration cells have a limited life span and in their advanced stages of development they show ultrastructural signs indicative of irreversible involution. PMID- 1225515 TI - The influence of testosterone on brain cholesterol. AB - Male sex hormone testosterone propionate induces esterification of brain cholesterol. Esterified cholesterol is absent in the brain of female rats, treatment with male hormone induces esterification. In castrated male rats the esterified cholesterol from brain disappears, whereas supplementation to those animals with testosterone helps in the re-appearance of esterified cholesterol. PMID- 1225516 TI - Effect of thiourea on calcitonin cells of the Indian grey mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy). AB - The thiourea treated mongooses display an increase in the number and size of the calcitonin cells. These cells sometimes are seen accompanied with desquamated epithelial cells within the colloid. The thyroid follicular cells also record an increase in their height. PMID- 1225517 TI - [Radioimmunologic proinsulin determination in the serum using an "insulin catabolizing protease" from the rat liver]. AB - Proinsulin determinations in human serum are of particular interest, because proinsulin represents only a fraction of the biological activity of insulin. Proinsulin like components are determined by means of an "Insulin Degrading Protease" (ISP) which degrades insulin into non-radioimmunoassayable fission products. The radioimmunoassay before and after incubation with this enzyme provides values for the total-insulin and the proinsulin. The preparation of the ISP is done by homogenization and ultracentrifugation of fresh liver tissue followed by dialysation and dryfreezing. After further concentration by adsorption to a calcium-phosphate-gel the ISP degrades pure porcine insulin within 20' down to a rest of 9%, but only 7% of pure porcine proinsulin is altered. The proinsulin values provided this way are reproducible and exact enough for the clinical use. They correspond largely to those methods using chromatographic columns. In 13 persons the proinsulin fraction of the total insulin after stimulation with glucose and tolbutamid has been registered. The proinsulin shows in the oral glucose tolerance test compared to insulin a lower and delayed increase. After tolbutamid only minor changes of proinsulin values have been seen. As long as it is difficult to prepare a proinsulin specific antibody for a direct proinsulin radioimmunoassay, the ISP-method is even qualified for extensive proinsulin determinations in human serum. PMID- 1225518 TI - The effect of alpha-melanophor-stimulating hormone on liver regeneration and incorporation of amino acid in rats' liver protein. AB - Following 25 mug/day synthetic alpha-MSH administration, the liver regeneration of partially hepatectomized rats proved to be increased. The hormone treatment resulted in an enhanced alanine incorporation of the liver proteins, but this effect was uncertain on partially hepatectomized rats. Due to the hormone treatment the low liver protein content of the operated rats became normal. The pseudocholinesterase activity of the liver homogenate of alpha-MSH treated rats was also elevated. On the basis of these experiments authors are supposing some protein synthesis increasing effect of synthetic alpha-MSH. PMID- 1225519 TI - H3-phenylalanine incorporation into protein in the pituitary, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of male rats during postnatal development. AB - Incorporation of H3-phenylalanine and concentration of protein in the anterior pituitary gland (APG), hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of male rats have been studied during postnatal development from day 21 to 120. APG and hypothalamus showed significantly higher rate of amino acid uptake and protein synthesis during the prepubertal phase, decrease at puberty and an age dependent variation thereafter. Protein concentrations and amino acid incorporation in the APG and hypothalamus are possibly influenced by the higher circulating levels of androgens during sexual maturation in marked contrast to their lack of effect on the cerebral cortex. PMID- 1225520 TI - Significance of 3alpha, 17 alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The 3alpha-17alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one (17-hydroxy-pregnanolone) excretion was found by gas chromatography to be as high as the pregnanetriol in urine of 4 virilising CAH female and 2 male patients. According to our results the significance of the determination of 17-hydroxy-pregnanolone is equal to that of the pregnanetriol in the diagnosis of adrenal hyperplasia. As the 17-hydroxy pregnanolone is demonstrable after mild acid hydrolysis, too, it can be applied independently from the pregnanetriol determination. In five out of the six patients we found the excretion of the pregnanediol to be high, too. Its value reached, irrespective of sex, the characteristic quantity of the woman's luteal phase, so it undoubtedly originated from the adrenal cortex. We dealt shortly with the explanation of high pregnanediol excretion. PMID- 1225521 TI - Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum (Chrysosporium lignorum) for the breakdown of cullulose. Functional characterization of five endo-1,4-beta-glucanases and one exo-1,4-beta-glucanase. AB - A strong synergistic response was observed between the five endo-1,4-beta glucanases and the exo-1,4-beta-glucanase obtained from culture solutions of the rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum (formerly called Chrysosporium lignorum), when these enzymes were allowed to degrade de-waxed cotton and Avicel. No synergism was observed if Walseth cellulose, an acid-swollen cullulose, was used. If de-waxed cotton was pretreated with endo-1,4-beta-glucanases, the exo-1,4 beta-glucanase enzyme released much more degradation products than from an untreated cotton... PMID- 1225522 TI - [Steps to improve the organizational and pharmaceutical activities of interhospital pharmacies]. PMID- 1225523 TI - [Let us introduce into the practice of physicians on a wider basis the entire range of drug agents; from the work experience of Voroshilovgrad Province interhospital pharmacies]. PMID- 1225524 TI - [Work organization of an interhospital pharmacy]. PMID- 1225525 TI - [Organization of interhospital pharmacies is an important step in the development of the pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 1225526 TI - [Experience in designing an interhospital pharmacy]. PMID- 1225527 TI - [Results of the socialist competition between pharmacy administration collectives in the Ukrainian SSR in the 3d quarter of 1974]. PMID- 1225529 TI - [Further improvement in the provision of drugs to hospital patients]. PMID- 1225530 TI - [New organization for the giving of drug orders for city pharmacies]. PMID- 1225528 TI - [Poltava pharmacy No. 2 collective, the competition winner in the decisive year of the 5-year plan]. PMID- 1225531 TI - [4-aminoantipyrine and its use in the analysis of drugs]. PMID- 1225532 TI - [Synthesis and properties of bicyclic derivatives of thiazolidine]. PMID- 1225533 TI - [Synthesis of 7-(beta-hydroxyalkyl)-8-hydrazinotheophylline derivatives]. PMID- 1225534 TI - [Derivatives of trichlorophosphazohalide carbazyls]. PMID- 1225536 TI - [Photoelectrocolorimetric determination of codeine and ethylmorphine in drug mixtures]. PMID- 1225535 TI - [Prospects for using IR spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical analysis of penicillin group preparations. I. IR spectroscopy as a method of identifying benzylpenicillins and ampicillins]. PMID- 1225537 TI - [Photoelectrocolorimetric method of determining streptomycin sulfate in the blood after absorption from ointments prepared on various ointment bases]. PMID- 1225538 TI - [Spectrophotometric method of determining salsolin and salsolidin in mixtures]. PMID- 1225539 TI - [Quantitative analysis of emetine hydrochloride based on the polyiodide reaction]. PMID- 1225540 TI - [Identification and photoelectrocolorimetric determination of tetracycline and tetracycline hydrochloride]. PMID- 1225541 TI - [Study of the process of tablet film coating on a fluidized bed using alcohol chloroform solutions of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose]. PMID- 1225542 TI - [Extraction of biologically active substances from corn stigmas with the aid of ultrasound]. PMID- 1225544 TI - [Supplying patients with drugs in hospital therapeutic institutions in the Ukraine]. PMID- 1225543 TI - [Method of determining the work efficiency of pharmaceutical centers]. PMID- 1225545 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of bemosat]. PMID- 1225546 TI - [Chemical study of ground pine alkaloids]. PMID- 1225547 TI - [Control over the activities of the central district pharmacies]. PMID- 1225548 TI - [Comprehensive inspections as one of the most important factors in the control of the subordinate pharmacy network]. PMID- 1225549 TI - [Pharmacy inspector and his role in the organization and control of the pharmacy network]. PMID- 1225550 TI - [Role and tasks of the pharmacy inspector of the organization inspector's section of the pharmacy administration]. PMID- 1225551 TI - [Work of the organization inspector's section in organizing the provision of drugs to the population]. PMID- 1225552 TI - [Synthesis and properties of 1,3-di-(thiazolidinedion-2',4'-yl-3')-propane and its derivatives]. PMID- 1225553 TI - [Oxime phosphazohalide carbazyls]. PMID- 1225554 TI - [Absorption spectra of some drug preparations containing a nitro group]. PMID- 1225556 TI - [Stereochemistry of some optically active coumarin derivatives. I]. PMID- 1225555 TI - [Rhodanine and its 3-substituted derivatives as reagents for the analysis of primary aromatic amines]. PMID- 1225557 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods of isolating coniine from biological material]. PMID- 1225558 TI - [Effect of a preparation of hedge nettle on bile excretion and its physicochemical properties]. PMID- 1225559 TI - [Organizational role of the organization inspector's section in the pharmacy administration]. PMID- 1225560 TI - [Refractometric method of determining the dry residue and moisture in the extracts of certain species of plant raw material]. PMID- 1225561 TI - [Dynamics of the accumulation of phenolic substances in the marsh hedge nettle from the flora of the Ukraine]. PMID- 1225562 TI - [Propolisocide, a polyphenolic preparation of propolis in an aerosol packaging and its study]. PMID- 1225563 TI - [Condensation of some thio- and selenosemicarbazones with symmetrical dichloroacetone]. PMID- 1225564 TI - [Improvement in the technology of molded suppositories on fatty bases]. PMID- 1225565 TI - [Determination of the parameters of the molding instrument in tabletting machines depending on the side pressure in tabletting drug powders]. PMID- 1225566 TI - [Fatty oil of Althea officinalis, stoloniferous valerian and golden wallflower]. PMID- 1225567 TI - A model for conformational coupling of membrane potential and proton translocation to ATP synthesis and to active transport. AB - Acceptance of a membrane potential and/or a proton gradient as a possible means of transmitting energy from oxidations to ATP synthesis rests in part on a satisfactory hypothesis for how the potential or proton gradient could drive ATP synthesis. Recognition that energy input may drive ATP synthesis by change in binding of reactants at the catalytic site has led to the suggestions presented in this paper. These are that in oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation, the requisite conformational changes may be coupled to exposure of charged groups to different sides of the membrane. The cycle of charged group exposure or movement may be driven by the membrane potential or, through protonation and deprotonation, may be coupled to proton translocation across the membrane. Effects of proton gradient and membrane potential may be additive. Similar conformational coupling suggestions may explain proton translocation coupled to ATP cleavage and active transport of metabolites coupled to membrane potential, proton gradients of ATP cleavage. PMID- 1225568 TI - Further analysis of the protein composition of yeast ribosomes. PMID- 1225569 TI - The mechanism of breakdown of tubulin in vitro. PMID- 1225570 TI - 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid, a preferential inhibitor of the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. PMID- 1225571 TI - Haemoglobin Volga, beta27, (B9) Ala leads to Asp, a new highly unstable haemoglobin with a suppressed charge. PMID- 1225572 TI - Hormone-dependent synthesis and secretion of uteroglobin in isolated rabbit uterus. PMID- 1225573 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of human serum albumin. PMID- 1225574 TI - Hemoglobin Castilla beta 32 (B14) Leu leads to Arg; a new unstable variant producing severe hemolytic disease. PMID- 1225575 TI - Hemoglobin C Ziguinchor alphaA2 beta62 (A3) Glu leads to Val beta58 (E2) Pro leads to Arg: the second sickling variant with amino acid substitutions in 2 residues of the beta polypeptide chain. PMID- 1225576 TI - Role of colipase in the interfacial adsorption of pancreatic lipase at hydrophilic interfaces. PMID- 1225578 TI - Inhibition by parathyroid hormone of glycogen synthesis in the perfused rat liver. PMID- 1225577 TI - Paramyosin: chemical evidence for chain heterogeneity. PMID- 1225579 TI - Role of the site of sulpho-conjugation on the formation of hydroxylated corticosterone metabolites in the rat. PMID- 1225580 TI - Fluorescence study of oxidation in azoaldolase. PMID- 1225581 TI - Lysolecithin inhibits an action of bee venom phospholipase A2 in erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 1225582 TI - Phosphate transport in membrane vesicles of Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 1225583 TI - In vitro synthesis of yeast ribosomal proteins. PMID- 1225584 TI - Calcium binding to bovine tubulin. PMID- 1225585 TI - Hb Serbia (alpha 112 (G19) His leads to Arg), a new haemoglobin variant from Yugoslavia. PMID- 1225586 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the major ovine neurophysin (MSEL neurophysin); comparison with a re-investigated bovine MSEL-neurophysin. PMID- 1225587 TI - A new unstable hemoglobin mutated in beta 98 (FG 5) Val leads to Ala: hb Djelfa. PMID- 1225588 TI - Observations of interactions between myofibrillar proteins by chemical cross linking. PMID- 1225589 TI - Isozymes of rat brain AMP deaminase: developmental changes and characterizations of five forms. PMID- 1225590 TI - Calcium binding sites of rabbit troponin and carp parvalbumin. PMID- 1225591 TI - Resistance of the basic membrane proteins of myelin and bacterophage PM2 to proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 1225592 TI - Hydrogen-deuterium exchange of angiotensin II in trifluoroethanol. PMID- 1225593 TI - 30S ribosomal proteins associated with the 3'-terminus of 16S RNA. PMID- 1225594 TI - Light-scattering and chromatographic evidence of anti-depressant-promoted lipid vesicle fusion. PMID- 1225595 TI - Relative effects of somatostatin and two somatostatin analogues on the release of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone. PMID- 1225596 TI - Effect of a discriminating factor on alpha and beta globin mRNA translation. PMID- 1225597 TI - Fine structure of beef heart mitochondrial complex III. PMID- 1225598 TI - Direct autoradiographic visualisation in SDS-gels of lectin-binding components of the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 1225599 TI - Lipogenesis in maintenance cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 1225600 TI - Myosin-like polypeptides in plasma membrane preparations. PMID- 1225601 TI - Cleavable cross-links in the analysis of histone-histone associations. PMID- 1225602 TI - Precursors to small molecular weight RNA components. PMID- 1225603 TI - Stepwise tRNA recognition mechanism and its kinetic consequences. PMID- 1225604 TI - Subunit SA3 is not mandatory for the activity of calf thymus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase AI. PMID- 1225605 TI - Randomly reoxidised soybean trypsin inhibitor and the possibility of conformational barriers to disulphide isomerization in proteins. PMID- 1225606 TI - Molecular morphology of ribosomes: structural alteration of 50S subunits following the removal of proteins L7 and L12. PMID- 1225607 TI - Effect of cytidine-5'-monophosphate on peptidyl transferase activity. AB - The transfer reaction with pA-fMet as a donor substrate is strongly stimulated by CMP, whereas the transfer reaction with CpApCpCpA-acLeu as a donor substrate is inhibited by CMP. These results indicate that the donor site of peptidyl transferase contains specific binding sites for the terminal adenosine and for the cytidylic acid residue in the terminal sequence CpCpA of tRNA and that an attachment of proper nucleotides to the donor site induces a conformational change in peptidyl transferase. PMID- 1225608 TI - Small changes in energy charge affect protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates. PMID- 1225609 TI - Absence of a metabolically induced electrical potential across the mitochondrial semipermeable membrane. PMID- 1225610 TI - The importance of the conformation of the tetrahedral intermediate for the alpha chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of peptide substrates. PMID- 1225611 TI - Isolation and identification of an actin from rat liver. PMID- 1225612 TI - Studies on a DNA polymerse gamma-like enzyme from wheat embryos. PMID- 1225613 TI - The interaction of D and L-alanine with an optically active model membrane system. PMID- 1225614 TI - Joint use of light, X-ray and neutron scattering for investigation of RNA and protein mutual distribution within the 50S subparticle of E. coli ribosomes. AB - The values of the RNA and protein radius of gyration obtained in these studies corroborate the conclusion reported earlier [1] that on average the RNA is nearer to the center of the particle than is the protein. (It should be noted for comparison that the minimal Rg value of the RNA corresponding to its dense packing as a sphere in the center of the 52S subparticle is 49 A.) Moreover, such a great difference in the radii of gyration of RNA and protein implies a definite scheme of mutual RNA and protein arrangement in the 50S subparticle -- namely the distribution of the greater mass of proteins on the RNA surface. PMID- 1225615 TI - The 5'-end groups of alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs are m7G5'ppp5'Gp. PMID- 1225616 TI - Mechanism of polyadenylate polymerase: formation of enzyme-substrate and enzyme- primer complexes. PMID- 1225617 TI - Preparation of active iodinated specific antibodies. PMID- 1225619 TI - Computer analysis of conformational possibilities of double-helical DNA. PMID- 1225618 TI - Ca2+ transport across plasma and mitochondrial membranes of isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 1225621 TI - Ascorbate as a natural constituent of chromaffin granules from the bovine adrenal medulla. PMID- 1225620 TI - Influence of electrostatic surface potential on mitochondrial ADP phosphorylation. PMID- 1225622 TI - A ternary acetylcholine--manganese--ATP complex. PMID- 1225623 TI - Presence of a hypermodified nucleotide in HeLa cell 18 S and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 17 S ribosomal RNAs. PMID- 1225624 TI - Free and membrane-bound rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes: proteins from the large and the small subunits. PMID- 1225625 TI - Thallium activation and inhibition of yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase. PMID- 1225626 TI - The primary structure of protein L27 from the peptidyl-tRNA binding site of Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 1225627 TI - [Study of the safety of hydrogenated palm kernel oil as a base for suppositories]. PMID- 1225628 TI - [Anatomical study of the Moldavian dragon's head herb (Dracocephalum moldavica L)]. PMID- 1225629 TI - [Selection of the optimal conditions for analyzing sodium hydroxybutyrate]. PMID- 1225630 TI - [Experimental design in the study of the analysis of pyrilene by means of photometry]. PMID- 1225631 TI - [Results of the fulfillment of the research plan in the field of pharmacy in 1974]. PMID- 1225632 TI - [Quantitative determination of bemosat]. PMID- 1225633 TI - [Chemicotoxicological determination of levomepromazine]. PMID- 1225635 TI - [Apropos of the article, "The necessity of simplifying the writing of prescriptions" (V. V. Zakusov, D. A. Kharkevich)]. PMID- 1225634 TI - [Simplification to the detriment of the present-day level of international standarization]. PMID- 1225636 TI - [Effect of the material components of the apparatus on the quality of a propazine solution for injections]. PMID- 1225638 TI - [Shelf life of eyedrops containing methyluracil and ATP]. PMID- 1225637 TI - [Generalized characteristics of a layer of the ground herb laciniate nightshade]. PMID- 1225639 TI - [Wates of the herb, thyme, as a source for obtaining a preparation with hypocholestermic action]. PMID- 1225640 TI - [Study of the interaction of physostigmine salicylate and strychnine nitrate with iodine]. PMID- 1225641 TI - [Quantitative determination of antitumor preparations of the type n(C1CH2CH2) 2 NC6H4CH2R by means of UV spectrophotometry]. PMID- 1225644 TI - [New preparations: salasodimethoxine, an agent for the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1225643 TI - [Effect of technological factors on the anti-inflammatory action of zinc ointment]. PMID- 1225645 TI - [The psychodysleptics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225642 TI - [Basic trends in electronic computer utilization in the field of pharmacy abroad]. PMID- 1225646 TI - [Rhythmical and cardiovascular disorders of neuroendocrine origin. Induction and experimental pharmacological reversion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225647 TI - [Activity of phagocytes in neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225648 TI - [Report of a case of hypertriglyceridemia induced by fat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225650 TI - Antibodies with affinity for epithelial tissue in chronic dermatophytosis. AB - Antibodies to dermatophytes which also had affinity for intercellular material of epithelial tissue, were detected in sera from 80% of patients with chronic dermatophytosis using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. The class of immunoglobulins reactive with both the dermatophyte and the epithelial tissue was identified as IgM. IgM antibodies with affinity for arthrospores of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and intercellular substance of epithelial tissue could be removed from sera with mycelium of Trichophyton rubrum. PMID- 1225649 TI - Metabolism of systematically given corticosteroids. AB - In the metabolism of a systemically administered corticosteroid, one of three possible main pathways is determined by the position in the molecule of the substituents which are added in the drugs to the naturally occurring ones. (I) Chiefly, hydrogenation in ring A and/or the 20-position: cortisol, cortisoine, prednisolone, prednisone, and 6alpha-methylprednisolone (II) In the presence of a substituent in the 16-position mainly 6beta-hydroxylation: dexamethasone, betamethasone, and triamcinolone. (III) In the presence of a substituent in the 16-position, and fluorine in the 6alpha-position principally defluorination in the 6alpha-position and 6beta-hydroxylation: fluocortolone and paramethasone. Complete metabolism, in long-term use, can be expected in the case of the substances mentioned under II and III, but not of those under I. Enzyme induction, both actively and passively, is negligible in group I and marked in groups II and III. PMID- 1225651 TI - The effects of some hair oils and unsaturated fatty acids on experimentally induced dermatophytosis. AB - Antimycotic effect of mustard and coconut oils, oleic and palmitic acids on experimentally produced dermatophytic infection on hairy skin in the guinea pigs was studied. Mean Duration of Infection (MDI) was significantly reduced in all experiments where coconut and mustard oils or unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) were used. The significance of these results in realtion to Tinea capitis in humans is discussed. PMID- 1225653 TI - Use of impulse cytophotometry for studying cell kinetics in a case of psoriasis pustulosa et arthropathica. PMID- 1225652 TI - [Reaction of epidermis after long-term action of urea]. AB - The epidermis thins in response to short-term contact with urea, and the results of extensive enzymological and autoradiographical studies suggest that urea acts on processes involved in epidermal proliferation. After long-term exposure of skin to urea, lasting more than 2, 4, or 6 weeks, no further thinning occurs, and there is no tendency for atrophy to develop during this period. This assertion is made on the basis of biometrical, autoradiographical, and cytophotometrical data. It is likely, however that a reduced number of cells synthesizing DNA is not the only change in normal epidermal proliferation leading to the peidermal thinning that was measured. The urea could also alter factors regulating either cell entry into DNA synthesis or the synthetic process itself, or both. These findings clearly are of significance not only in industrial medicine but also in the use of urea in topical dermatological therapy. PMID- 1225654 TI - [Evaluation of topical corticosteroids. Effects on skin temperature and placebo effect (author's transl)]. PMID- 1225655 TI - Ichthyosis hystrix of 'porcupine man' type. Report of a case. AB - Ichthyosis hystrix is a term used to describe an ichthyosiform dermatosis in which formation of hyperkeratotic, verrucose excrescences is a prominent clinical feature. This paper deals with an interesting case of ichthosis hystrix associated with a negative family history and two squamous cell epitheliomas. PMID- 1225656 TI - Analyses in blood of dermatological patients. I. Glutathione and glutathione reductase. AB - Glutathione was estimated in 98 blood samples from dermatological patients; in only two cases, both of contact eczema, a value considerably below normal was found. Glutathione reductase was assayed in blood samples from 139 different patients and 21 normal controls. The activity was significantly higher in atopic dermatitis (17 patients). A significantly greater variable was found among patients with non methotrexate-treated psoriasis (44), light sensitivity (12) and scleroderma (5). In the methotrexate-treated psoriatic group (24) and mean and variability did not differ significantly from normal. In most hospitalized patients a low glutathione reductase activity rose within a few weeks, but in a case of dermatitis herpetiformis a very low level persisted for 3 months. Blood samples with very low glutathione reductase activity, taken from a case of psoriasis and from a patient on griseofulvin treatment, gave a positive peroxide test and tended to hemolyze; these returned to normal together with the glutathione reductase activity. PMID- 1225657 TI - Improvement of refractory psoriasis vulgaris after tonsillectomy. AB - In order to ascertain what effect tonsillectomy may have in the treatment of children and adolescents with recurring psoriasis vulgaris, refractory to topical therapy and courses of penicillin, and triggered by infection, and also to test a possible correlation between tonsillitis and exacerbations of psoriasis, a retrospective study of the course of psoriasis after tonsillectomy, using charts and questionnaires, was undertaken in 74 psoriatic patients. Each patient served as his won control. The average age of the patients at tonsillectomy and the duration of psoriasis were 14.2 years and 4.5 years, respectively, while the average follow-up period was 4.5 years. The clearing of the psoriasis was statistically significant (p less than 0.01) as it occurred throughout the entire follow-up period in one-third of the patients, while an additional third noticed considerable improvement of their psoriasis. After trying tropical therapies of various sorts as well as courses of penicillin, tonsillectomy might be considered for recurring, refractory psoriasis vulgaris in children and adolescents. PMID- 1225658 TI - Ultrastructural abnormalities in the skin nerves of a patient with scleredema adultorum (Buschke) and diabetes mellitus. AB - In an electron-microscopic study of the skin of a patient with scleredema adultorum (Buschke) and diabetes mellitus, the unmyelinated nerve fibres showed accumulations of glycogen. On morphological grounds, these accumulations appeared to be located in the axons. PMID- 1225659 TI - [Melanoacanthoma (author's transl)]. AB - A 87-year-old Caucasian women had a recurrent pigmented tumor on the back. Histologically, the lesion was interpreted as being a melanoacanthoma. It was characterized by a proliferation of unpigmented basaaloid cells with aggregates of large prickle cells, forming small horn pearls; furthermore the tumor contained numerous large dendritic cells with large amounts of melanin granules. A short review of the literature is followed by the discussion of the relationship between melanoacanthoma and irritated seborrheic keratosis. PMID- 1225660 TI - [A case of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 2-year-old boy with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans is described. On of his sisters had keratosis follicularis of the upper arms, forearms, thighs and legs as well as blepharonconjunctivitis chronica catarrhalis bilateralis and was considered as forme fruste of the anomaly. His mother had sparse eyebrows. The mode of inheritance and the Lyon hypothesis are discussed. PMID- 1225661 TI - Woolly hair naevus with ocular involvement. Report of a case. PMID- 1225662 TI - A case of cutaneous amoebiasis. AB - The present report concerns a patient with ulceration around an artificial anus. The condition had been treated for some time as pyoderma gangrenosum but finally proved to be cutaneous amoebiasis; the presence of Entamoeba histolytica was demonstrated. A cure was achieved with metronidazol (Flagy) and diloxanide furoate (Furamide) given orally. PMID- 1225663 TI - Sun and skin. PMID- 1225664 TI - Dermatopharmacology of salicylic acid. I. Range of dermatotherapeutic effects of salicylic acid. PMID- 1225665 TI - Depigmenting action of corticosteroids. Experimental study on guinea pigs. AB - The depigmenting action of corticosteroids was studied on the black skin of the guinea-pig by cutaneous applications followed by repeated histological sections. These experiments demonstrated the depigmenting action of triamcinolone acetonide and betamethasone 17-valerate. The results of this study show the influence of concentration and chemical formula of the corticosteroids on the process of depigmentation. The histological study did not reveal any particular morphological aspect of melanocytes capable of suggesting a mechanism of action by these chemical compounds at the cellular level. PMID- 1225666 TI - A study of the immunological status of patients with dermatophytoses. AB - 22 patients with Trichophyton rubrum infection were studied for some of their immunological parameters. The trichophytin skin test performed with commercially available Dermatophytin (Hollister-Stier) gave immediate positive reaction in 3 patients. All the other patients gave negative delayed and retarded reactions. In vitro response to PHA of the peripheral lymphocytes was significantly depressed in patients compared to the controls. No relationship could, however, be established between the severity, duration or extent of the disease and the depression of the lymphocyte response. IgG and IfA were found to be within normal limits. IgM levels were significantly depressed which was probably artefactual in nature. PMID- 1225667 TI - [Ultrastructure of solid basalioma. A morphometric study (author's transl.)]. AB - A morphometric investigation was made on mitochondria of basalioma cells and the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis lying over the tumor. The mitochondria of the basalioma cells occupy 4.7% and of the epidermal basal cells 5.3% of the cytoplasm. The number of mitochondrial sections yields a relation of 6.6:10 in favor of the epidermal cells. These results demonstrate an alteration in the size of the basalioma cell mitochondria. The possible causes of this mitochondria enlargement were discussed. An attenuation of the activities of the mitochondrial, membrane-bound enzymes in the basalioma cells is caused in all probability primarily by a reduction of the cristae material in comparison to the basal epidermal cells. The nucleus-cytoplasm relation amounts to 6.3:10 in the basalioma cells and 3.0:10 in the basal epidermal cells. PMID- 1225668 TI - Pseudomonas putrefaciens as a cause of infection of venous ulcers. PMID- 1225669 TI - Botryomycosis. AB - A case of botryomycosis was studied in which a coagulase-negative, DNAsenegative Staphylococcus with wide antibiotic sensitivity in vitro was isolated and which could be classified as having a 'low pathogenic capacity'. Nevertheless, there was no improvement with appropriate therapy. IgG and complement (C3) were demonstrated in the grains. Botryomycosis can be considered as a state of 'equilibrium' between the host and the microorganism. It is not clear if this results from low pathogenicity of the organism or from some peculiar characteristic of the host. PMID- 1225670 TI - Letter: Dyskeratosis congenita Zinsser-Cole-Engman form with abnormal karyotype. PMID- 1225671 TI - Mammalian ecological studies on Mount Nimba, Liberia. PMID- 1225672 TI - Size and activity of a cold resistant population of the golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus: Muridae). PMID- 1225674 TI - Some observations on the ecology of rodents of Orongorongo Valley (New Zealand). PMID- 1225675 TI - A new subspecies of Pseudoryzomys wavrini (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae: Cricetinae) from Bolivia. PMID- 1225673 TI - [Eco-ethological study of Manis tricuspis by radio tracking]. PMID- 1225676 TI - On the taxonomy and ecology of the finless black porpoise, Neophocaena (Cetacea, Delphinidae). PMID- 1225677 TI - [New data on the DNA content of postkinetic nuclei of the bats]. PMID- 1225678 TI - [Mammals of France. XIV. Morphological data concerning the Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus (Savi, 1822)]. PMID- 1225679 TI - [Annual report on the Cetacea and Pinnipedia found on the coasts of France. IV. 1974]. PMID- 1225680 TI - [Specificity of the karyotype of Gerbillus nigeriae (Rodentia, Gerbillidae)]. PMID- 1225681 TI - [Preliminary study of the karyotype of Acomys airensis (Rodentia, Muridae)]. PMID- 1225682 TI - Drowning of lechwe by spotted hyaena. PMID- 1225683 TI - The decline of a lechwe population. PMID- 1225684 TI - Notes on territorial behaviour in lechwe. PMID- 1225685 TI - The possible significance of "grass horning" by male lechwe. PMID- 1225686 TI - [Mathematical model applied to the study of the red fox]. PMID- 1225687 TI - Short-term changes in incubation temperature: behavioral and physiological effects in the chick embryo from 6 to 20 days. AB - In 3 experiments we have attempted to determine the extent to which the chick embryo is behaviorally and physiologically responsive to short term changes (.5-2 hr) in the normal ambient incubation temperature. Embryos ranging in age from 6 20 days of incubation have been examined after exposure to temperatures ranging from 30.5 degrees to 44.4 degrees C (normal incubator and nesting temperatures are 37-38 degrees C). At 6,9 and 12 days of age the heart rate and the duration of amnion contractions were significantly altered by exposure to temperature either higher or lower than normal although overt neuromuscular activity (motality) remains unchanged. At 15 and 20 days, however, (hatching occurs on Day 21) the rate of neuromusclar activity is altered at both low and high temperatures. At 20 days, beak-clapping, vocalization, and respiration rates also change reliably upon short-term exposure to both high and low temperatures. The possibility is discussed that embryonic responsiveness to temperature changes in the environment during natural incubation may play some role in later behavioral capabilities. PMID- 1225688 TI - Comparative ontogenetic features of skeletal muscles in physiologically mature and immature mammals. AB - One series of experiments investigated the time required by such indices of the states of skeletal muscles as membrane potential (MP), action potential (AP), and content of total protein and dense residue to acquire values approximating those found in adults. We established that these indices acquire values approximating those found in adults at the beginning of sexual maturation in both rats and dogs. Chronologically, these values require one-fifth the time to become established in rats as they do in dogs. Another series of experiments investigated the same indices in physiologically mature and immature organisms (rats and dogs). We established that they are much lower in immature than in mature organisms. We conclude that under conditions of natural development the main objects of elimination through natural selection in early developmental periods are physiologically immature organisms. PMID- 1225689 TI - Olfactory, thermal, and tactual influences on infantile ultrasonic vocalization in rats. AB - The amount of time infant rats 3-13 days old spent emitting ultrasounds was greater when pups were placed in an empty dish than when placed in a dish containing clean bedding or soiled bedding from the nest. Pups from 5-13 days of age vocalized more when on the clean bedding than when on the soiled bedding. When placed on cloth covered dishes, pups vocalized most to the empty dish and least to the dish containing soiled bedding. The odor of clean bedding elicited less ultrasonic vocalization than the odor of the empty dish only when less than 7 days old. Pups vocalized more to room temperature than to heated conditions. The results indicate that olfactory, tactual, and thermal nest cues influence infantile ultrasonic vocalization in the rat. PMID- 1225690 TI - Olfactory bulbectomy and nursing behavior in rat pups (Wistar DAB). AB - To determine whether bilateral olfactory bulbectomy led to a change in nursing behavior, and thus death, we bilaterally bulbectomized (BX) pups from 14 litters at 2, 7, and 11 days of age. Litters treated on Days 2 and 7 consisted of 3 BX pups, 2 surgical control (SC) pups, and 2 handling control (HC) pups. Litters treated on Day 11 consisted of 1 or 2 BX, 1 or 2 incompletely bulbectomized pups (IBX), 2 SC pups, and 2 HC pups. These litters and 3 additional nontreated litters were observed on Days 4,7,10,13, and 16. A smaller number of BX pups survived through Day 10 than SC, HC, IBX, and nontreated pups. Differential treatment of the BX pups by females or littermates was not found. The females' mammary glands were functional but the BX pup stomachs had little or no milk. The BX pups spent less time nursing and more time away from the female and their littermates than did the other pups. PMID- 1225691 TI - Neurological organization and visual fixation in infants at 40 weeks conceptional age. AB - Neurological organization and visual fixation were found to be unrelated in a group of premature infants tested at their term date. These results are discrepant with those obtained with a sample of full term infants. Separate comparisons made of the neurological and fixation data revealed one significant group difference from the fixation data; all other analyses were nonsignificant. The discrepant findings may have occurred because prematures are subject to developmental disparities in the regulation of arousal, neuromuscular, and visual systems due to differential impact of preterm extrauterine life. PMID- 1225692 TI - Preliminary evidence for the effects of environmental complexity on hybridization of rat brain RNA to rat unique DNA. AB - Hybridization to unique DNA by RNA from brain or liver of rats given varying degrees of experience was investigated. RNA from brain of environmentally enriched rats hybridized to more unique DNA than did brain RNA from nonenriched controls. No significant differences were observed with liver RNA. This provides preliminary evidence for an increased transcription of the unique sequences of DNA in the enriched animals. The technique used has great promise for the investigation of experientially-induced alterations in gene expression. PMID- 1225694 TI - Discrepancy from rearing conditions affects chicks' behavior in a novel situation. AB - Chicks raised in small or large cages were exposed to a relatively large novel situation at 12 or 24 hr of age. At both ages, chicks from small cages had longer latencies to begin moving and lower activity scores. Age itself had no effect. Apparently, chicks learn the characteristics of their home cage shortly after hatching, and discrepancy from the home affects their response to novel situations. PMID- 1225693 TI - Handling rabbits in infancy: in search of a critical period. AB - In Experiment 1 rabbits were handled for the first 10 days of life while controls were not disturbed. In Experiment 2 rabbits were handled on Days 11-20. In Experiment 3 rabbits were handled on Days 1-10, 11-20, 1-20, or were not handled. Starting at 31 days the animals were given an open-field test, a test for exploratory behavior toward novel stimuli, and a test of social behavior. The data were not consistent with the critical period concept. Instead, handling during the first and second 10-day intervals appears to be additive and to approximate the effects of 20 days of handling. PMID- 1225695 TI - Adaptation to novel environments by the rat: effects of age, stimulus intensity, group testing, and temperature. AB - Adaptation of operant bar pressing in a dark 2-bar test box was determined during 2-hr tests for singly tested rats 16-18, 24-32, and 750-800 days old. Rats 16-18 days old failed to adapt during the test, although all other age groups did. Adaptation occurred more slowly for the 120-150 day-old group than for the remaining 2 age groups. Experiments with the 2 youngest groups showed that bright light lowered response levels of both age groups, compared with controls, but failed to alter the course of adaptation. In contrast, group testing resulted in lowered response levels and faster adaptation for 16-18 day-old rats, but higher response levels for 24-32 day-old rats compared with singly tested controls. High temperature (32.5 degrees C) resulted in adaptation for the 2 younger groups. The failure of 16-18 day-old rats to adapt may have been due to lower body temperature while in the test chamber than while in the home cage nest area. PMID- 1225696 TI - Voluntary exposure to light by young and aged albino and pigmented inbred mice as a function of light intensity. AB - Young (5 month) and old mice (23 and 26 months) of the inbred A/J and C5BL/6J strains (N = 80) were isolated in ventilation chambers with ad lib food and water for 1 week at a time. Each animal was allowed to select its own lighting schedule by pressing one lever to turn on a light of either 10.76 or 166.40 lux illumination and pressing another lever to turn the light off. Three-way analyses of variance for Age, Strain, and Illumination effects on parameters of bar pressing, stimulus change, and light duration patterns per circadian period (24 hr) indicate that old mice are less active than young mice and the A/J mice are less active than C57BL/6J mice. Young mice spent more time in the dark than old mice and the A/J albino mice spent more time in the dark than did the C57BL/6J pigmented mice. Other age and strain differences were noted as well and are discussed with respect to some theories of light exposure by nocturnal animals. PMID- 1225697 TI - Effects of phenobarbital given to pregnant mice on behavior of mature offspring. AB - Mature offspring of C57BL/6J mice (Mus musculus) injected daily with phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) for the last third of pregnancy differed from saline and untreated control animals on 3 measures of behavior. Offspring of phenobarbital treated animals had higher locomotor scores than controls during an open field activity test at 75 days of age. Male offspring were also tested on a 1-trial passive avoidance task and treated animals were found to be deficient. Finally, female offspring responded less than controls on fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. The behavioral changes suggest that offspring of mice injected with phenobarbital during pregnancy are less responsive to the stimuli in their environment which maintain behavior. PMID- 1225698 TI - Learning deficits in rats with malnourished grandmothers. AB - Female rats (F0) were maintained on a protein-restricted or a normal diet 1 month prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. Their female offspring (F1) were maintained on a normal protein diet and mated with normal males. In previously reported studies, the 2nd generation offspring (F2) of the malnourished rats have been found at birth to have significantly lower cerebral DNA ( a measure of cell number), cerebral weight, and cerebral protein than normal controls. We now report that these F2 animals show marked learining deficits at maturity on 2 different successive reversal tasks, even though they themselves have never directly experienced malnutrition. Thus, certain behavioral as well as biochemical effects of malnutrition appear to the next generation of animals. PMID- 1225699 TI - Variability of the effects of rearing in a large litter on the development of the rat. AB - The variability in the effects of rearing rats in large litters was examined. Subjects reared in litters of 16 were stunted and delayed in the appearance of eye-opening and fur-eruption as compared with pups reared in litters of 8. However, the effects of the large-litter treatment were not uniform; pups in this group exhibited markedly higher variability with regard to all measures than did pups from small litters. In fact, some pups from the large litters were heavier and some exhibited developmental landmarks earlier than did most pups reared in small litters. PMID- 1225700 TI - Experimental studies of the ontogeny of ultrasonic vocalizations in bats. AB - The ontogeny of FM pulses emitted by bats is a process of maturation that is not easily altered by experimental manipulation during early development. Infants that were hand-raised and infants that were raised by mothers with altered voices (the superior laryngeal nerves were cauterized pre- and postpartum) emitted normal adult calls. Effects of pinching the superior laryngeal nerves of young bats with a cold forcepts on their vocalizations suggest that the development of this nerve and its associated musculature occurs early in the bat's postnatal life. PMID- 1225701 TI - A comparison of live and videorecord viewing of infant behavior under sound stimulation. II. Six-week-old infants. AB - Ten clinically normal 6-week old infants were presented with a series of sound stimuli while their behavior was assessed live by 2 sound-masked observers and simultaneously videorecorded. Two weeks later the same observers assessed the behavior from the videorecords. In both situations, observers were permitted to see the babies for 10 sec at each trial. The first 5 sec was a prestimulus observation period, and the second 5 sec might have contained a sound stimulus. Between trials the observers were allowed 20 sec in which to note (1) prestimulus activity, (2) confidence in response, and (3) facial, digit, and limb movements, and "wholistic" impressions (e.g., "stilling"). The agreement between the live and video situations was fair for prestimulus activity, modest for confidence in response, and fair to good for movement items. The use of videorecorded material for 6-week old infants generally caused rather small losses of relevant information and apparently will not overly distort the findings of experimental or clinical work. This outcome was rather similar to that of our earlier study of neonates. PMID- 1225702 TI - Neonatal thyroxine administration, behavioral maturation, and brain growth in mice of different brain weight. AB - L-thyroxine in amounts of .5, 1, and 2 mug was injected daily from age 5 through 14 days in 3 lines of mice selected for high (H), medium (M), or low (L) brain weight. Controls (injected with vehicle only) of these lines differed in ages of eye-opening, first auditory startle, and perfection of a surface-righting response. Thyroxine at .5 mug/day accelerated the maturation of eye-opening, auditory startle, and aerial-righting response, but had no effect on a grasping response or open-field activity. Brain weights were depressed significantly in all thyroxine treated groups except in the 9k-mug dosage in H mice. PMID- 1225703 TI - Genetic variation in the development of mouse brain and behavior: evidence from the middle postnatal period. AB - Six inbred strains and 3 F2 hybrid crosses of mice were assessed for developmental status at 32 days after conception (about 13 days after birth). Phenotypes measured included body weight, brain weight, maturity of 14 reflexive behaviors, myelination of 80 fiber tracts, and thickness of the external granular layer of the cerebellum. All measures of brain and behavior showed a similar pattern of results: hybrids were generally more advanced than either of their inbred parent strains; differences among inbred strains were large, but differences among hybrid crosses were quite small. Acceleration of F2 mice compared to their homozygous relatives ranged from .5 to 2.4 days mean difference. Developmental ages of inbred litters ranged from 28.7 to 32.2 days, whereas hybrid litters ranged from 31.5 to 32.7 days. PMID- 1225704 TI - Alterations in consummatory behavior of mice produced by dietary exposure to inorganic lead. AB - Mice suckled by mothers given tap water and by mothers given a 5 mg/ml lead acetate solution during lactation were given a choice between tap water and a lead acetate solution after lactation. All offspring demonstrated an immediate aversion to the lead acetate solution. The offspring from the mothers receiving lead acetate during lactation demonstrated a greater aversion to the lead acetate solution than did the offspring from mothers receiving tap water. In addition, the lead acetate offspring drank more total fluid (tap water plus lead acetate solution) after weaning than the control offspring. The results indicate both learned and unlearned changes in motivation for fluid following ingestion of lead via the mother's milk in infancy. PMID- 1225706 TI - Development of dustbathing in Bobwhite quail. II. Effects of early pecking experiences. AB - The development of dustbathing was facilitated among groups of Bobwhite chicks allowed to peck into dust as compared to chicks allowed to peck at dust or those inexperienced with dust. A 2nd study found a consistent, but nonsignificant, facilitation among chicks pecking into dust on Days 1-3 as compared to Days 4-6. In Study 3, groups of chicks pecked into dust on Days 2,4, or 6. Dustbathing development was facilitated among chicks pecking on Day 2, and inhibited among chicks pecking on Day 4, as compared to those pecking on Day 6. The only difference, however, between each of these groups and chicks with no pecking experience in dust (Study 1) was an inhibition of dustbathing among chicks pecking on Day 4. PMID- 1225705 TI - Effects on offspring of chronic maternal methamphetamine exposure. AB - Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley derived rats were administered 1.0, 3.0 or 5.0 mg/kg of methamphetamine HC1 or saline twice daily throughout gestation beginning on Day 1 of pregnancy. Rats were allowed to deliver normally; offspring were culled to 8 and sexed on Day 7, and weaned on Day 21. All females had viable litters except at the 5.0 mg/kg dose where 4 of 7 failed to deliver. The rats given methamphetamine delivered earlier than did controls. Weight gain over gestation decreased as a function of increasing drug dose. No gross anomalies were visible in the offspring. Litter size decreased as a function of increased dose and eye opening was delayed in the drug groups; the 5.0 mg/kg offspring made more conditioned avoidance responses than did the 3.0 mg/kg and saline offspring. PMID- 1225707 TI - Effects of age and genotype on acquisition of an active avoidance response in mice. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which inbred C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice were trained in an active avoidance jump-up task under distributed practice conditions at a variety of ages comprising a large part of their life-span. DBA/2J mice were found to be basically an escaping strain and exhibited little change in behavior as a function of age. C57BL/6J mice developed consistent avoidance behavior when training was initiated at 31-36 days of age. Avoidance behavior appeared to reach a peak in the 45-day-old group and progressively decreased in 145- and 560-day old groups. Increased footshock intensity in old DBA/2J mice enhanced escape responding without increasing avoidance responding. Increased footshock intensity in old C57BL/6J mice enhanced avoidance responding. PMID- 1225708 TI - Effect of undernutrition on metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and on the incorporation of [14C] leucine into protein in the developing rat brain. AB - The effect of undernutrition on the rate of protein synthesis and the development of metabolic compartmentation of glutamate in the brain was investigated by using [U -14 C] leucine as precursor. In the brain of normal rats the incorporation rate of [14C] leucine into protein was at a maximum during the 3rd week after birth, but in the undernourished animal this rate was markedly lower. The biochemical maturation of the brain, followed in terms of the age-dependent increase in the glutamine/glutamate specific radioactivity ratio, was severly retarded in the undernourished animals, mainly as a result of a marked depression in the conversion of leucine carbon into glutamine. However these biochemical effects of undernutrition were reversible: on rehabilitation from Day 21-35 the rate of conversion of leucine carbon, both into proteins and glutamate and glutamine, was restored to normal. PMID- 1225709 TI - Development of visually evoked responses and visually guided behavior in kittens: effects of superior colliculus and lateral geniculate lesions. AB - The development of visually evoked responses (VER's) and visually guided behavior was studied in kittens for 3 months after unilateral lesions of the superior colliculus (SC) or lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) made at an early age. Of 37 kittens studied, data are presented for 6 which met 3 criteria: survival to at least 90 days of age; adequate lesion size and location; and technically satisfactory VER's and behavioral observations at appropriate intervals. The SC and LGN lesions markedly reduced or eliminated different VER components in infancy, but only the effects of LGN lesions persisted to 3 months of age. Visual field behavior deficits occurred following both types of lesions, but only those following SC lesions persisted to 3 months of age. These results are interpreted in terms of the functional status of the structures mediating the VER's and behavior at the time the lesions were made. PMID- 1225710 TI - [Prostaglandins and arterial hypertension: pathogenesis hypothesis and therapeutical prospects]. PMID- 1225711 TI - [Pulmonary cardiogram: its normal and pathological aspects]. PMID- 1225712 TI - [HBAg+ viral hepatitis in the dialysis centers: an epidemiological study of 247 patients]. PMID- 1225713 TI - [Incidence of diabetes mellitus in Lunigiana]. PMID- 1225714 TI - [Study of lactase activity in the development of hepatobiliary drug tolerance]. PMID- 1225715 TI - Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of 14C-1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride and its effect on DNA synthesis in Swiss mice. AB - Light microscopic autoradiographic studies were made on the distribution of 14C 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride in Swiss mice and on the effect of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride on DNA synthesis, using the 3H-thymidine incorporation technique. In the first study, 14C-1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride was administered subcutaneously or orally. Large amount of silver grains were found in hepatocytes and substantially lower amount of silver grains observed in the endothelial cells and epithelial cells of colon. In the second study, repeated injections or oral administrations of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride were given to mice which subsequently received 3H-thymidine treatment. A somewhat higher amount of thymidine incorporation in DNA was noted in the epithelial cells of the colon of subcutaneously and orally treated mice at two occasions and a substantially higher amount in the endothelial cells of blood vessels in liver of mice treated by both routes than in the corresponding controls. In three instances, however, the amount of incorporation decreased; in the hepatocytes and endothelium at 1 week and 24 hr, respectively, after oral treatment, and in the epithelium of the colon at 3 months, after subcutaneous administration. In the mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, a significantly high amount of 3H-thymidine incorporation was observed in the endothelial cells of blood vessel in liver from which tumors later arose, and somewhat high in the hepatocytes in which tumor did not develop. In the epithelial cells of colon, no apparent relationship can be seen between these events. No association was seen in the distribution of 14C-1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride and tumor development in various cells. PMID- 1225716 TI - Immunotherapy of cancer: induction of tumor immunity with a mixture of tumor cell-BCG, and the effect of intratumor injection of BCG and of nonliving BCG preparation. AB - The effect of syngeneic tumor cell mixed with BCG on intradermal tumor growth and on specific tumor immunity was evaluated. (1) With the use of several early transplant generations of syngeneic mouse tumors, the ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 of tumor cell--BCG was confirmed as the best for the present mouse--tumor system. (2) The development of immunity capable of eradicating distant tumor deposit was tested by varying doses of tumor deposit inoculated at the same time as the mixture of tumor cell--BCG. The remarkable efficacy of the tumor cell-BCG mixture on local tumor suppression (7/8) and tumor immunity (5/7) was proved with tumor burden of 10(5) cells or less. Control mice receiving BCG contralateral to the tumor site (10(5)) were not able to achieve tumor immunity (1/8), but were able to reject the local tumor (8/8). (3) The tumor cell--BCG mixture was as effective in a line of rat lung carcinoma as it was in the mouse system in rejecting both the local tumor and the tumor challenge injected intramuscularly. (4) Intratumor injection of BCG or nonliving BCG preparation (in which whole cell wall of BCG is attached to oil droplets) in primary tumors in mice previously sensitized with BCG led to a few instances of complete tumor regression in animals having tumor nodules of 3 to 10 mm in diameter. The survival period of animals treated with BCG or with nonliving BCG preparation was significantly longer than that of saline-treated controls. PMID- 1225717 TI - Phytohemagglutinin skin test: diagnostic value for showing immunodeficiency in patients with cancer. AB - The skin response to 5 mug of purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied in 299 subjects, including 58 normal controls, 92 patients without malignancies, and 149 patients with nonlymphomatous cancer. Other immunological responses, such as in vitro lymphocyte stimulation (62 subjects) and skin response to purified protein derivatives (PPD) (95 subjects), were tested simultaneously to examine their correlation with the PHA skin test. A positive reaction was observed 24 hr after intradermal injection of 5 mug of purified PHA in 56 (96.6%) of 58 normal controls, 40 (49.4%) of 81 untreated patients with cancer, and 24 (35.3%) of 68 cancer patients receiving anticancer therapy. Among 32 patients with gastric cancer tested, impaired skin reactivity to purified PHA was noted in patients in stage III or IV. A correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro responses to PHA in 46 (74.2%) of 62 individuals (P less than 0.001). The PHA skin test was repeated 4 times over a period of three months in patients without malignancies, and no significant change in tehir skin reactivity was detected. In repeated tests, the skin reactivity to purified PHA of patients with lung cancer varied depending on the clinical status, and the extent and type of anticancer therapy the patients were receiving. It is concluded that the PHA skin test is a simple diagnostic method for screening for immunodeficiency in cancer patients before and during the course of anticancer therapy. Other advantages of this test are that no presensitization is required and that it can be used repeatedly. PMID- 1225718 TI - Potentiation of cytostatic effect of sulfur- or chlorine-containing purines and related ribonucleosides by amphotericin-B on cultured mouse leukemia cells. AB - Synergistic effects of sulfur-containing purines and related ribonucleosides (6 thioinosine, 6-thioguanine, 6-thiocyanatopurine, 6-methylthioinosine, 6 thiocyanatoguanine, 6-thiocyanatoguanosine, 6-phenacylthioinosine, 6 nitrobenzlythioinosine, 6-(p-chlorobenzyl)thioinosine, 6-(p nitrobenzyl)thioguanosine, 6-benzylthioinosine, 6-ethylthioinosine, 6 benzylthioguanine, 6-benzylthiopurine, 6-methylthiopurine, and 6 thiocyanatoinosine) and chlorine-containing purine and its ribonucleoside, (6 chloropuine and 6-chloropurine riboside), in combination with the polyene antibiotic, Amphotericin-B, on cell survival and synthesis of DNA were examined in mouse leukemia L5178Y cells. 6-Methylthioinosine, 6-thiocyanatopurine, 6 thiocyanatoinsoine, 6-methylthiopurine, and 6-thiocyanatoguanine (or -guanosine) among sulfur-containing compounds were strongly potentiated by Amphotericin-B, and 6-chloropurine riboside, which is electronically analogous to methylthioinosine, was also enhanced by the polyene. Thiocyanoto or methylthio group at position 6 of the purine ring seems to be important for the polyene mediated potentiation. 6-Methylthioinosine alone had much greater effect on DNA synthesis of HeLa cells than on L5178Y cells, and Amphotericin-B failed to potentiate the action of 6-methylthioinosine in HeLa cells. PMID- 1225719 TI - Electron microscopic study on the response of the normal canine brain to boron neutron capture therapy. AB - The response of normal cerebral tissue of dogs to boron-neutron capture therapy by the currently available improved method was studied by electron microscopy. Peripheral blood capillaries of the neutron-irradiated area in the left cerebral hemisphere were compared with their counterparts in the shielded and non irradiated right hemisphere. No ultrastructural changes, as those noted in classical method of boron-neutron irradiation by the improved technique of boron neutron capture therapy. There was no swelling of endothelial cells, disappearance of cristae of mitochondria, increased pinocytosis, disappearance of ribosomes, enlargement of Golgi apparatus, or increased appearance of endoplasmic reticulum. Basement membrane was not disrupted and was uniform. Pericytes, synaptosomes, and other glial elements remained intact. In contrast to the old clinical trials up to 1961, the renewed boron-neutron capture therapy is regarded not to cause serious damage to the central nervous system. PMID- 1225720 TI - Antitumor activity of carbamoyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil by oral administration. AB - Antitumor activity of 1-carbamoyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil was tested in L 1210 system by oral administration with two reference compounds, 5-fluorouracil and tetrahydrofuryl-5-fluorouracil (FT-207). The compounds tested were methyl-, ethyl-, isopropyl-, phenyl-, and cyclohexyl-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracil, and the therapeutic ratios (ILSmax/ILS30) of these compounds were 1.9, 2.2, 2.3, 1.0, and greater than 3.3, respectively, those of the two reference compounds being 1.7 and 1.0. Cyclohexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil was the most effective of these compounds. PMID- 1225721 TI - Streptococcal preparation as an activator of host-mediated immune response: cellular immunity and alternate pathway of complement. AB - Streptococcal preparation, OK-432, was examined for its ability to initiate a host-mediated immune response. Aged individuals with negative skin response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as well as reduced in vitro blastoid transformation of lymphocytes, were treated with OK-432, and the response to PHA appeared in two out of three cases. The preparation was also demonstrated to convert C3 proactivator of complement when incubated with fresh human serum, as tested by immunoelectrophoresis, indicating the possibility that OK-432 might activate the alternate pathway of complement. PMID- 1225722 TI - Induction of esophageal cancer associated with gastric cancer in a dog by N-ethyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguandine. AB - The experimental induction of gastric cancer was studied in four dogs given oral administration of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) in solution. Esophageal cancer with the regional lymph node metastasis was found in one dog at autopsy, with concomitantly existing gastric cancer. This dog, which ingested a total amount of about 38 g of ENNG, died of weakness on the 513th experimental day. Three remaining dogs are still living and under observation. PMID- 1225723 TI - Combination of non-specific immunopotentiation with Corynebacterium liquefaciens and chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. AB - The effect of combining chemotherapeutics (Mitomycin-C, cyclophosphamide, or 5 fluorouracil) and immunopotentiator (anaeobic Corynebacterium liquefaciens) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice was examined. Mitomycin-C and cyclophosphamide were given intraperitoneally 2 days after the inoculation of tumor cells. 5-Fluorouracil was administered intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days beginning from the second day after inoculation of tumor cells. C. liquefaciens was given intraperitoneally in various time regimens before or after the drug. The best prolongation of survival was observed when C. liquefaciens was given after the administration of Mitomycin-C or cyclophosphamide but no effect was seen in the combination of 5-fluorouracil and C. liquefaciens. These results suggest that non-specific active immunotherapy using C. liquefaciens may be a valuable adjunct to the conventional cytocidal anticnacer chemotherapy with agents such as Mitomycin-C or cyclophosphamide and the most important variable seems to be the time at which the immunopotentiator is given during the therapy. PMID- 1225724 TI - Enhancement of the cancer chemotherapeutic effect of cytosine arabinoside entrapped in liposomes on mouse leukemia L-1210. PMID- 1225725 TI - [Introduction to "Acute and chronic hepatitis"]. PMID- 1225726 TI - [Australia antigen (HBAg) and hepatitis]. PMID- 1225727 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in hepatitis and their therapy]. PMID- 1225728 TI - [Juvenile hepatitis]. PMID- 1225729 TI - [Hepatitis in pregnancy]. PMID- 1225730 TI - [Perihepatitis]. PMID- 1225731 TI - [The so-called granulomatous hepatitis]. PMID- 1225732 TI - [Synoptic presentation of acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1225733 TI - [Fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 1225734 TI - [Subacute necrotizing hepatitis]. PMID- 1225735 TI - [Drug-induced liver diseases]. PMID- 1225736 TI - [Postoperative jaundice]. PMID- 1225737 TI - [A cytogenetic analysis of the antimutagenic action of alpha-tocopherol on spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosomal mutations]. AB - The antimutagenic effect of alpha-tocopherol at concentrations of 1-10(-5)-1-10 mcC/ml was studied with respect to spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosome mutations in Allium fistulosum L. and Vicia faba L. It is established that at these concentrations alpha-tocopherol exhibits a significant antimutagenic activity, decreasing the frequency of chromosome mutations more than by 40-50%. No changes resulting from the antimutagenic effect of alpha-tocopherol were observed in the spectrum of structual mutations of chromosomes. PMID- 1225738 TI - [A medico-genetic study of the population of Western Pamir. VI. Local genetic differentiation in the populations of Western Pamir]. AB - The article comprises the results on the analysis of the structure of the great Pamirs' population (of a higher rank) and of one of its parts, the subpopulation of the valley of the river Bartang. Wright's F coefficient was used for the statistical treatment of the data obtained in the course of the analysis. The FST estimates were obtained from the variances of the frequencies of the genes located in 5 loci (ABO, MN, P, Rh and P.T.C.) culculated for 23 samples of the great populations of the Pamirs and for 9 samples of the population of the Bartang river valley. The general inbreeding coefficient for the Pamirs FIT=0,0323, its random component FST=0,0017 and the non-random component FIS=0.0306. PMID- 1225739 TI - [Viral genome integration with nuclear DNA in chronic viral infection]. AB - A possibility of the integration of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA in the host cell genome is studied under the condition of long-term chronic infection of HEp 2 cells. Molecular hybridization of viral RNA, labelled with 3H-uridine, and of DNA from intact and chronically infected cells was performed in 50% formamide with 0,4 M NaCl with subsequent investigation of the hybridization product by means of equilibrium centrifugation in CsSO4. 0,3 and 0,5 mg of DNA were used in hybridization experiments. It is shown that RNA obviously forms hybrids with DNA from chronically infected cells, whose density varied from 1,55 to 1,46 g/ml, depending on the proportion of RNA and DNA in the hybrids. When the amount of DNA increased, the number of DNA-RNA hybrids increased as well. It is concluded that in nuclear DNA of cells chronically infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus, there are DNA sites, homologous to viral RNA, which are absent in intact cells. PMID- 1225740 TI - [The effect of cystamine on the outcome of dominant lethal mutations and reciprocal translocations in sex cells of mice subjected to gamma-irradiation in different doses]. AB - Protective effect of cystamine (150 mg/kg) against genetic damages induced by gamma-irradiation in germ cells of male mice of CBA strain (at doses of 100, 300, 600 r) was studied. The application of cystamine decreased the frequency of dominant lethal mutations induced by radiation in sperms, spermatids and spermatocytes. The degree of the protective effect of cystamine depended on a radiation dose. The protective effect of cystamine was the highest at the radiation dose of 300 r. It was negligible at the radiation dose of 100 r and was completely absent at the dose of 600 r. Cystamine did not affect the rate of induced reciprocal translocations in the spermatogonia at all the radiation doses used. PMID- 1225741 TI - [Cultured human fibroblast enzymes. III. Enzyme activity in a triploid strain]. AB - Complex investigation of 5 enzymes was carried out in a cell strain with triploidy 69, XXY, derived from a human spontaneous abortus. The activity of 3 enzymes (acid phosphatase, lactate and malate dehydrogenases) in triploid cells proved to be significantly increased as compared to those of 3 diploid strains, whereas the activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased. The activity of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase did not change. The absence of the pronounced genetic dose effect and different alteration of the activities of the enzymes studied may be considered as an expression of a disbalance of enzymes in cytogenetically defective cells. PMID- 1225742 TI - [Heterogeneity and several clinico-genetic correlations in epilepsy under inbred conditions]. AB - The types of inheritance and clinico-genetical correlatins of epilepsy in 291 probands in conditions of inbreeding were studied. The data obtained confirmed the multifactorial (gene-polygene+medium) inheritance of epileptic and convulsive predispositions and contradicted the hypothesis of primarily recessive inheritance of epilepsy. Together with family forms of the disease, which were communicated mainly according to an uncertained and dominant type (rarely recessive type), there were existed forms of eipilepsy with incomplete genetical hereditary predisposition (which were observed in relatives of 2-3 generations only by epileptic features) and phenotypical forms concentrated in sporadic groups. There were found the dependences onthe rate of occurrence of secondary epilepsy (with or without epileptoidness), epileptoid psychopathy and children convulsions in relatives, on the type of inheritance, the age of manifestations, the form, polymorphism of the attacks, the severity of the developement of epilepsy, the expressiveness of epileptoidness in probands and high severity of the disease with distinct epileptoidness inbreeding families. The hereditary heterogeneity of epilepsy, associated, perhaps, with pleiotropy of epileptic (with or without epileptoidness) genes, was assumed. The found clinico-genetical correlaltions mightbe taken into account in medico-genetical prognosis of families burdened by epilspsy in analogous populational-demographic conditions. PMID- 1225743 TI - [Mutations of the brachyury type in mice of the PT line]. PMID- 1225744 TI - [Analysis of deviation from Mendelian segregation (the segregation distortion phenomenon), for example, the t-alleles in mice]. PMID- 1225745 TI - [A complex study of strains of human cells with karyotype anomalies. III. An immunoelectrophoretic analysis of water-soluble antigens]. AB - Antisera to diploid, trisomic and triploid embryonic fibroblast-like cells were obtained after hyperimmunization of rabbits. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis with these antisera revealed up to 9 water-soluble antigens in embryonic cells, which were present in skin fibroblasts from adult donors as well. Trisomic and triploid strains did not differ from the diploid ones by the spectrum of water-soluble antigens. The content of the number of antigens (especially of cathode fractions) in trisomic cells was significantly low as compared with those in control diploid cells, whereas in triploid ones it differed slightly. All the strains were characterized by the presence of proteins immunologically identical to alpha globulin of human serum. PMID- 1225746 TI - [The genetic heterogeneity of hereditary human diseases]. AB - The paper deals with the probability regularities of mutations arising in the same locus (or nucleotide) in human populations. It is shown that in a population of constant size the number of such recurrent mutations tends to an equilibrium value. It is demonstrated that dynamics of this number of recurrent mutations depends on the population structure essentially. This phenomenon is illustrated by comparing non-subdivided and hierarchy populations of the same size. PMID- 1225747 TI - [A representative model of the hierarchic structure of human populations]. AB - The paper deals with the concept of a hierarchy population. The population is hierarchial, if it can be divided into a certain amount of subpopulations in such a way that the set may naturally break into classes (levels). A migration may exist from each sub-population or into a higher one. Such population structures are frequently encountered among the human populations. It is shown that in a hierarchial population a selection is more efficient than in a non-subdivided one. In this respect the role of small populations in evolution is suggested. It was possible to demonstrate that in a hierarchial population there was a higher degree of polymorphism, a higher velocity of the evolutional process, that in a non-subdivided population of the same size. Besides, the level of polymorphism in the hierarchial population increases monotomously with the growth of the amount of generations during rather a long period of time. PMID- 1225748 TI - [A system for assessment of chemical substances on mutagenicity in man: general priniciples, practical recommendations and further elaboration]. AB - As a basis of the suggested test-system, the following conditions are observed: 1) the economy of fulfilment in a short time; 2) the analysis of gene and chromosome mutations in germ and somatic cells; 3) the evaluation of mutagenic effects of not only substance, but also of the products of its metabolism; 4) including in the system only the tests which give the minimal variability between separate experiments; 5) the evaluation of dose-effect relationship. The practical scheme of testing is divided into two parts: a screening and a complete one. The screening programme consists of two tests: a) a test on microorganisms with a metabolic activation in vitro; b) a cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow of mammals. The complete programme of testing includes 4 tests: a) a test on microorganisms with a metabolic activation in vitro and in vivo; b) a test of dominant lethal mutations on mammals; c) a cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow of mammals; d) a cytogenetic analysis in the culture of human lymphocytes. There are good reasons for the principles of selection of substance for testing according to the screening and complete programme: population occurence, economic (or medical) significance, information about relative chemicals showing mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effect. In the group of chemicals which are to be tested according to the screening programme, such ones can be included: industrial chemicals, phosphoorganic insecticides, drugs which are taken by a limited group of patients. The group of chemicals which are to be tested according to the complete programme consists of the following ones: pesticides, food additices, widespread drugs, the chemicals of the group 1, if during one of the tests of the screening programme a genetic effect is detected. At the genetic risk estimation it is advisable to keep to the following rule: a positive effect, identified in any object of the system must in the direct meaning extrapolate on men. The quantitative evaluation of the mutagenic danger of a chemical can be determined by the increase of the spontaneous level of mutations in the test object on the basis of an average dose and exposition of the given chemical in the human population. Those chemicals are subject to the quantitative evaluation, which have shown a mutagenic activity during any of the test-objects; they are also widespread and because of their social or economic value can not be replaced or excluded from taking. From the point of view of genetics any substance with a mutagenic activity is dangerous and must be prohibited from using or replaced by any other non-mutagenic chemical, or limited by the contact of persons of non reproductive age. As a temporary measure from a hygienic point of view, it is recommended to evaluate this chemical as especially mutagenic and prohibit or limit its using, when its average population dose produces 1/10 or more increase of the spontaneous level of mutations. PMID- 1225749 TI - [Chemical and radiation chromosomal mutagenesis in rat liver cells]. PMID- 1225750 TI - [Structure-function features of the long-arm iso-X-chromosome of 45, X/46X, i(Xq) patients]. AB - Differences in the morphology of the human iso-X-chromosome differentially condensed by the treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine were revealed by means of quantitative morphometry. It is shown that these differences are not random and are correlated with the asynchrony of the reduplication of iso-arms. It is assumed that the differences in the structural organization and in the chronology of the reproduction of iso-arms are due to the different degree of their inactivation. PMID- 1225751 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in beta-thalassemia major]. AB - The features of dermatoglyphics in 39 children with beta-thalassemia major and in 47 their parents are studied. The control were 70 healthy children. The patients with beta-thalassemia had more often the prevailence of whorls over other finger patterns. There was an increase of the "atd" angle and some increase in the ridge of counts. Parents had also an increase of the amount of whorls, but this increase was less pronounced than under beta-thalassemia. The changes of the dermatoglyphics in parents of children affected with beta-thalassemia major are suggested to ba a phenotypic feature of heterozygous carrier of the mutant gene. PMID- 1225752 TI - [A comparative study of the cytogenetic effect of a series of phosphoorganic pesticides]. AB - A comparative study of the effect of 12 organophosphorus pesticides on mice was carried out. A statistically significant increase of the frequency of aberrant metaphases in bone-marrow cells of mice was induced by dipterex, metaphos, phosphamidon and imidan. No correlation between the toxicity and the mutagenic activity of the compounds studied was observed. The pesticides studied can be regarded as substances with a slight cytogenetic activity with respect to animals. PMID- 1225753 TI - [Isolation and properties of several auxotrophic mutants of a highly virulent strain of the plague microbe]. AB - 2432 stable auxotrophic mutants were selected from high virulent Yersinia pestis strain 20b after treatment with nitroso guanidine. They were deficient in amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid, citrulline, glycine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, serine, leucine, lysine, ornithine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, valiney, pyrimidine and vitamins (riboflavin, thyamine, nicotinamide). Some mutants were two- and three-fold dependent. The leucine-, histidine-, purine dependent mutants were isolated with the high frequency. All the mutants, like their original strain, grew in R-form; they were sensitive to diagnostic phages, had pesticine-fibrinolysin-coagulase sustem (fraction I) and were calcium dependent. P+ cultures of auxotrophs were not virulent for laboratory animals. PMID- 1225754 TI - [Reparative processes of damaged chromosomes in non-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes by the fractionated irradiation method and temperature variation]. AB - The fractionation experiments were carried out on resting lymphocytes. Non stimulated lymphocytes were X-irradiated at the total dose of 200 r separated into two equal parts by either 5-hour or 20-hour intervals. The whole blood samples were kept during the intervals between the exposure at the temperature of 20degrees C or 37degrees C. All the cultures were made after the last radiation exposure at 37degrees C. Dicentrics and centric rings were scored. It is shown that a fractionation effect takes place in resting lymlf-dose at 37degrees C and is absent at the temperature of 20degrees C. It is suggested that there is the repair in lymphocytes at the stage Go, at least, from the dose of 100 r. PMID- 1225755 TI - [A case of D/3-translocation 45, XX, 13--, 18--, t(18q+,13-)]. PMID- 1225756 TI - [The influence of a magnetic field on chromosome sets and cell division]. AB - An effect of stable magnetic field on karyotype and cell division of human lymphocytes from peripheral blood was studied in tissue culture. Comparative investigations were carried out with lymphocytes, whoch were treated with magnetic field of different tension (0,179; 0,391 and 0,600 Ts) and continuance (30 sec, 30 and 60 min). Lymphocytes, treated with stable magnetic field, were suspended in donor plasma and immediately cultivated after the treatment. The stable magnetic field was found to have a distinct mutagenic effect on cultivated lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. The increase in structural impairements of chromosomes correlated with tension of magnetic field and continuance of its effect. In structural impairements of chromosomes the chromatid gaps and breaks were more often observed but chromosome ruptures and pericentric clearances occurred more rarely. The effect of stable magnetic field on lymphocytes proliferation was studie. Under weak and transient using of magnetic field the proliferation was stimulated, but in rigid conditions--mitosis and blastic transformation were decreased. Continuous effect of magnetic field with weak tension did not inhibite the blastic transformation but influenced on the survival rate of cells in tissue culture, enhancing their lethality. PMID- 1225758 TI - [The biochemical-genetic mechanisms of learning. II. Selection for high and low rate of acquiring a motor conditioned reflex]. AB - Using the model of feeding motor conditioned reflex, polymorphism for the rate of the formation of this response was found in a population of laboratory animals. Selection for high and low rate of the formation of this reflex resulted in significant differences inthis character between two strains already in the second generation. These differences are maintained in subsequent generations. The existing henerogeneity for the rate of the formation of conditioned rsponse in the population is shown to be genetically determined. PMID- 1225759 TI - [The mutagenic effect of different types of irradiation on the sex cells of male mice. VIII. Frequency of development of reciprocal translocations in the spermatogonia of mice subjected to chronic gamma-irradiation]. AB - The frequency of reciprocal translocations in mice spermatogonia after the exposure to chronic gamma-irradiation at doses of 100, 200, 300, 600, 920 r, at the dose rate of 4,2 r/day was investigated. It was shown that the mutation frequency increased insignificantly with the increase of the radiation dose (y =0,8+0.0011x). The comparison of the data obtained with earlier results revealed no changes in the yield of translocations at the reduction of the dose rate from 10 r/day to 4,2 r/day. The investigation of the genetic radiosensitivity of mice spermatogonia after a chronic gamma-irradiation showed a tendency to increase in their radioresistance. PMID- 1225760 TI - Linkage relationships of markers on chromosome 17 of the house mouse. PMID- 1225761 TI - Inheritance of the macrophage alloantigenic marker (Mph-1) in inbred mice. PMID- 1225762 TI - The maintenance of genetic variability by mutation in a polygenic character with linked loci. PMID- 1225763 TI - Mapping the adrenal lipid depletion gene of the AKR/J mouse strain. PMID- 1225764 TI - New compound (1) chromosomes and the production of large quantities of X/O males in Drosophila hydei. PMID- 1225765 TI - [Thermal comfort]. PMID- 1225767 TI - [Observations on the flow of gases and overheated steam through porous walls]. PMID- 1225766 TI - [Requirements of ventilator installations in smallpox eradication centers]. PMID- 1225768 TI - [Dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen input in measurements of biochemical oxygen requirements]. PMID- 1225769 TI - [Air pressure recovery in high-pressure air-conditioning installations]. PMID- 1225770 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in solid emissions from a foundry]. PMID- 1225771 TI - [Evaluation of emissions from dry cleaning installations]. PMID- 1225772 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 1225773 TI - Fatal intoxication with diphenlhdantoin: report of two cases. PMID- 1225774 TI - Nitrite test for methaqualone. AB - Details of a simple qualitative test suitable for detecting milligram quantities of methaqualone are presented. A similar reaction undergone by 2,4, 6 triaminopyrimidine suggests that the mechanism involves diazotisation of an intermediate product. PMID- 1225775 TI - The significance of amylase in forensic investigations of body fluids. AB - Amylase levels in body fluids are reported, and it is shown that high amylase levels may occasionally occur in body fluids other than saliva. Low amylase levels are reported in a saliva component which has been previously described as being rich in blood group active material. The use of amylase activity in the localisation and identification of saliva is discussed in detail and guidelines for the interpretation of results are proposed. PMID- 1225776 TI - [Pulmonary lesions observed in victims of an aircraft accident]. AB - The authors have studied the lungs of some of the victims of a recent important aircraft accident. The results have been compared to the literature and to an experimental study of decompression effects on animals. The observed injuries were those which are classically reported, consisting of pulmonary haemorrhage, acute traumatic pseudo-emphysema and laceration. There was no characteristic distribution except for the traumatic emphysema which was mostly subpleural and on the edges of pulmonary lobes. The general aspect can be called tiger-like lung; the injuries had a very heterogeneous distribution. The comparison of this study to the literature and to our experimental work shows that the observed pulmonary injuries were not characteristic and could not indicate the cause. The peculiar aspect of these lungs is well named "traumatic lung". It seems very difficult to determine the etiology of each elementary injury. PMID- 1225777 TI - The toxicology of twelve cases of death involving methadone: examination of postmortem specimens. AB - The drug levels in postmortem specimens from 12 cases of poisoning involving methadone have been determined using a general toxicological extraction method. In 8 of the cases, drugs other than methadone were also found. The relevant known case histories are described. PMID- 1225778 TI - The recovery of alkaloids after their location on thin layer chromatograms. AB - A method was developed for the recovery of 29 alkaloids from TLC plates after they had been complexed with either potassium iodoplatinate (for tertiary amines) or carbon disulphide (for primary and secondary amines). A comparison was made between the percentage recoveries of these alkaloids from 5 different types of TLC plate. In addition, the stability of these alkaloids on TLC plates over a 7 day period was studied. Assays were, where possible, carried out by UV spectrophotometry but gas chromatography was used for alkaloids which possessed low UV absorbtivity values. All the alkaloids extracted from TLC plates were examined by low resolution mass spectrometry. PMID- 1225779 TI - Scanning electron microscopy in the investigation of bite marks in foodstuffs. AB - The purpose of the present study was to assess the value of utilizing SEM in the examination of bite marks in foodstuffs. Six students, whose front teeth showed no conspicuous irregularities, were asked to bite off a part of some selected foodstuff consisting of butter, cheese, Norwegian brown sweet cheese, apples, carrots, bananas, chocolate and chewing gum. The texture and the varying stickiness of the foodstuffs seemed to be of significance as far as the details of the bite marks were concerned. In butter, chewing gum and Norwegian brown sweet cheese, fine details were discerned, thus justifying the use of SEM. Both scratch marks of the front teeth and impression marks of the incisal edges were studied. Only the latter revealed details of value for the identification by means of the SEM. Often small enamel defects were found at the incisal edge of the front teeth. These defects showed a great number of individually characteristic details. Where dentin was exposed at the incisal edge, further characteristic details could also be found. Thus, the use of SEM seemed to be of value in special cases as a supplement to conventional investigation methods. PMID- 1225780 TI - Dental identification of fire victims. AB - In a recent review of 100 cases of dental identification, 60 were involved with fire. This figure excluded 3 air crashes in which 120 victims died, and in which fire was of a minimal consideration. This preponderance of burn cases prompted some observations and some queries, relative to fire, their type, temperatures and durations. Burn cases present a fund of useful knowledge in identification purposes. PMID- 1225781 TI - Identification and differentiation between colored pencils. AB - With pencils of any color, the first step certainly involves visual examination to distinguish between the color tints and to study the quality of the stroke itself. In many instances by this step alone, 2 pencils can be distinguished if they are the product of 2 different manufacturers. In other words, the most useful of all tests is the visual examination. In the case of red pencils, infrared luminescence reveals significant information and should be resorted to in those instances where two questioned strokes are extremely similar. Study under ultraviolet radiation may also help to establish similarities or differences which are not readily discernible by visual examination. However, reflected infrared examination and study with dichroic filters have no particular value when dealing with red pencil although chemical spot testing may be of some assistance. In the case of blue pencils, a number of brands absorbs infrared radiation to a different extent and some give off distinctive infrared luminescence, so that these 2 tests can assist in distinguishing between certain similar colors or tints. Also, study through dichroic filters has value. Thus, the combination of these 3 tests can be of some advantage, but in most instances, particularly with dark blues, examination under ultraviolet radiation is not particularly helpful. Chemical spot testing has some limited advantages but generally only in combination with all other tests. In the case of green pencils, the same pattern of testing may be used as with blues. Many of the greens absorb infrared rays and some have bright infrared luminescence. Ultraviolet radiation can cause certain greens to fluoresce in a distinctive way. Thus, with each color studied, differences can be revealed and similarities established. Colored pencils are a distinct group of writing instruments. Within any color classification, there is a variety of shades or tints. Although it is not psosible to determine the make of pencil used in any particular writing, it is possible under many circumstances to distinguish between the work of different makes and grades of red, blue and green pencils, as well as other colors which have not been covered by this paper. While visual examination will separate the many different makes, other tests are described which will further assist in grouping or separating colored writing strokes. For a number of reasons, and particularly because of manufacturing procedures of different companies, not every make of pencil is distinctive, but there has been found to be a definite variety within each color group, and many makes are distinguishable. PMID- 1225782 TI - The significance of the postmortem discovery of gastric contents in the air passages. AB - The significance of the finding of gastric contents in the air passages at postmortem examination is discussed and references quoted to indicate that without clinical corroboration of aspiration of gastric contents, the purely autopsy diagnosis of such aspiration is to be regarded with reservation. In a series of routine medicolegal autopsies, gastric contents were shown to be present in a quarter of all cases, irrespective of the cause of death. This figure also appeared to hold for autopsies upon infants and the special dangers of ascribing infant victims of the "sudden death in infancy syndrome" to the aspiration of vomit is pointed out. PMID- 1225783 TI - Liability and compensation independent of medical negligence: the new Swedish system. AB - On the 1st of January 1975 a new system of Treatment Injury Insurance was introduced in Sweden. (Until then the rules of tort law governed all liability insurances.) Almost all medical attendance within, and much of the attendance outside, hospitals is managed by County Councils (Landstingen). The new insurance is contracted by the managing County Council to a pool of Swedish Insurance Companies. The total amount of the premiums for this first year is calculated to be 16 milj Skr (4 milj $ = 1/2$ per inhabitant per year). By treatment injury shall be understood "injury or illness of a physical nature...as a direct consequence...of...treatment (excepting natural or probably consequences of an act justified from a medical point of view), or of incorrect result(s) of technical examination or clinical diagnostics, or of accidents in hospitals, doctors' offices or in connection with ambulance services". PMID- 1225784 TI - Medicolegal problems in determining cause of death in motor vehicle accidents. PMID- 1225785 TI - The dynamics of stab wounds. PMID- 1225786 TI - [A progressive step backwards]. PMID- 1225787 TI - [Local cryosurgical management of colonic and rectal cancer]. AB - Complex experimental investigations created the basis for cryosurgical treatment of colon and rectum cancer. 27 patients were chosen for cryotherapy according to strict indication. Especially developed instruments and technique are presented. A three year-follow up-study shows 19 patients alive, most of them without recurrence or troubles. Immediately after starting with cryosurgical treatment patients recover remarkably. In collaboration with the Dept. of Microbiology (Rhein.-Westfal. Techn. Hochschule Aachen) the possibility of a special cryoimmunological response is investigated. PMID- 1225788 TI - [Pulmonary edema]. PMID- 1225789 TI - [Therapy of malignant melanoma]. AB - The treatment of malignant melanoma is described (preoperative, one-time radiation with 10 000 roentgen, excision, endolymphatic radionuclid therapy in localisation of the tumor on the legs, following operative and radiological treatment in metastatic tumors). The statistical reports are analyzed. It seems that the survival rats is not dependent alone on the extent of the surgical intervention. PMID- 1225790 TI - [Pathophysiology and immunity conditions in gramnegative bacteria-induced infections. Introduction to extended education and training arrangements]. PMID- 1225791 TI - [Activation of the blood coagulation system during gram-negative infections and endotoxemias]. AB - Blood coagulation may be activated by the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The extrinsic clotting system is put into action by tissue thromboplastin, originating from injured tissue cells, but also from damaged leukocytes and erythrocytes. Tissue thromboplastin is a phospholipoprotein with an enzymatic component, capable of converting the clotting factor VII to its activated form, factor VIIa, which in turn activates factor X. The factor Xa-complex (containing also factor Va, phospholipid, and calcium) is the prothrombinconverting principle. The intrinsic clotting system is based on factors which are contained in the circulating blood. Its activation requires the availability of phospholipid and of activated factor XII (factor XIIa), or factor XIa. Factor XII is activated by collagen, i.e., whenever the vascular endothelium is injured, and to a lesser extent also by "activated" blood platelets. Platelets in turn are activated primarily by thrombin, collagen, and, in a self-perpetuating process, since all these materials are released from activated platelets, also by adenosine-5-diphosphate, adrenaline, and serotonin. The activation of platelets leads to a variety of morphological and biochemical alterations, culminating in their aggregation and in the selective release from storage organelles of different substances, among them those mentioned above. Of particular importance is the fact that in the course of platelet alterations, procoagulant phospholipid also becomes available on the platelet surface. The significance of the activation of the intrinsic system is seen in the possibility of the initiation of a self-sustained process which, after a primary event, e.g. vascular or cellular injury, will continue to convert prothrombin into thrombin. The effects of endotoxin on the blood clotting system show striking species differences. In the rabbit, endotoxin, with the involvement of factors of the complement system, will directly act upon blood platelets and thus initiate intravascular, intrinsic coagulation. In man, endotoxin remains without a direct effect on platelets and alternative possibilities of initiating thrombin formation must be considered. One possibility is extrinsic activation via tissue thromboplastin from injured leukocytes. Another pathway, which is supported by several experimental findings, starts out with endotoxin-mediated endothelial damage. Endothelial cells are in fact severely affected by endotoxin and may even be removed from the vascular wall, thus making accessible the subendothelial activator of factor XII. Thrombin in turn affects the vascular endothelium: therefore, one initiated, the process of intravascular activation of coagulation will perpetuate, this the more as platelets in turn will be stimulated into activity. The possible intervention of other vasoactive factors must also be considered... PMID- 1225793 TI - [Diagnosis and pathogenesis of celiac disease]. PMID- 1225792 TI - [Sulfation of gall acids. A new quantitatively important metabolic pathway]. PMID- 1225794 TI - [Concentration of antibiotics in the human lung. Clinical studies of Reverin distribution in various pulmonary lobes]. AB - On 12 patients with bronchial carcinoma serum and lung-tissue concentration levels of tetracyclin were measured. The concentration levels of the antibiotic were twice as high in the lung tissue as in the serum. In the lower lobe of the lung significantly higher values were measured than in the upper lobe. The demonstrated tissue levels of Pyrrolidino-methyltetracyclin (Reverin) in human lung are high enough to be effective in pulmonary bacterial infection. PMID- 1225795 TI - [Diabetes therapy. Continuation 1: Principles of diabetes therapy]. PMID- 1225796 TI - [The keloid. Thoughts on therapy]. AB - The possibilities of treatment of prophylactic treatment of keloids are described based on results in 96 patients. First therapeutic trials should be conservative. If the external treatment is not successful, the treatment with X-ray in combination with surgical measures in the best therapy. PMID- 1225797 TI - [Management of postoperative pain using Dolo-Neurotrat-doubele-blind study]. PMID- 1225798 TI - [Mobile pediatric care]. PMID- 1225799 TI - [Human genetics. Clinical and preventive aspects from the viewpoint of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Clinical genetics and genetic counselling can be applied effectively only, if close cooperation is secured between the clinical geneticist and the physician in the field. The limited capacity of all institutes of human genetics makes it mandatory that general practicioners and the various specialists preselect patients for special genetic work-up and counselling. Quite often it is their obligation also to secure and document findings, prerequisite for effective genetic counselling, which would be lost otherwise. Special points are discussed and illustrated with typical cases. PMID- 1225801 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic therapy in childhood]. PMID- 1225800 TI - [Treatment of heart-rhythm disorders in infancy and childhood]. AB - According to own experiences and after a review of the literature a survey of therapy of cardiac arrhythmias in infancy and childhood is given. In this age group most of the occurring cardiac arrhythmias are harmless and pass without serious circulatory disturbances. Therefore in these cases no specific treatment is necessary, except of course the treatment and management of the disease which is causing the arrythmia. This report is concerned more detailed with the therapy of rhythm disturbances which are life threatening or will become fatal if they continue untreated for a longer period. In spite of the therapeutic recommendations given we are aware of the fact that it is impossible to predict the success of therapy. This turned out to be so especially in the case of tachycardias. The difficulties in long-term management of postoperative heart block are mentioned. Antiarrhythmic drugs, their indications, efficacy, side effects and contraindications are listed in separate tables ("FdM-Tabellen fur die Praxis" Nr. 30/1975, Fortschr. Med. 93, 30: 1447, 1975). PMID- 1225802 TI - [Oto-vertebral syndrome]. AB - The oto-vertebral syndrome is supposed to be caused by an early embryonic exogenous damage which at the same time affects the development of the ear and vertebral column and possibly also causes cardiac anomalies. Animal studies showed that the malformation syndrome originates in the 6th-7th week of embryonic development. The extent of the malformations of the ear and the vertebral column varies. Frequently seen are dysplasia of the external ear and dystopia and atresia of the external ear canal as well as vertebral malformations, mostly involving the thoracic region. Only 4 case reports have been published in the literature. The differential diagnosis includes Goldenhar-syndrome, oculo vertebral syndrome. Thalidomide-syndrome and chromosomal aberrations. Therapy depends on the extent of the malformations. In case of atresia of the ear canal hearing is first of all improved with a hearing aid, operative procedures are to be planned later on. Child development is promoted with acustic stimulation. PMID- 1225803 TI - [Serum bilirubin determination in newborn infants. A new micromethod for the determination of serum of plasma bilirubin in newborn infants]. AB - A micro-method for determination of bilirubin concentration (c) of plasma or serum from newborns was developed. Photometer-readings of the extinction (E) of diluted serum (S) at the bilirubin absorption-band were done against diluted serum as blank, made free from bilirubin by the oxydative power of Chloramin T. Reagents: 1/15 M Na2(HPO4)/K(H2PO4) buffer pH 7,4 (B) and 2 g/dl Chloramin T in B(C). Blank: 0,6 ml C + 0,02 ml S; sample: 0,6 ml B + 0,02 ml S. Reaction time: 4 -8 min; filter Hg 436 nm; 1 cm light-path. c (mg/dl) = E X 43,5. Accuracy was determined by a calibration curve (x: mg/dl c of diazo-method; ): E of micro method); b = 1,008. Reproducibility in series at 14,2 mg/dl resp. 47,9 mg/dl was 1,5% resp. 1,6%. Linearity between E and c is good up to 48 mg/dl c. Specifity was only reduced by serum hemoglobin (h). Sodium heparinate (50 E./ml S) and carotin (952 microgramm/1) had no effect upon E; plasma anticoagulated with heparinate therefore can be used instead of serum. Concentration of h is without importance for clinical purposes; 100 mg/dl h causes about 0,2 mg/dl wrong depression of c. PMID- 1225804 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis]. AB - Chronic pancreatitis is considered a progressive damage of the anatomic structure of the pancreas. Alcoholism and diseases of the bile tract are to be considered in the first place among the many etiologic factors. The pathogenetic principle is an intrapancreatic activation of enzymes combined with autodigestion. The leading symptome is abdominal pain. Besides laboratory tests and X-ray examination the main methods of diagnosis are the examination of endocrine and exocrine function of the pancreas, endoscopic-radiological cholangio pancreaticography (ERCP) and sonography. More than half the patients with chronic pancreatitis can be treated satisfactory by a diet poor in fat, the abstinence of alcohol and the substitution of enzymes. PMID- 1225805 TI - [Non-epileptic episodes of unconsciousness. Pathophysiology and clinical aspects]. AB - Originally syncopes were defined as seizures without organic (W. Schulte), nowadays all periods of unconsciousness not caused by epilepsy but by primary or secondary cardiovascular diseases are included. Precipitating factors, pathophysiology, symptoms and differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 1225806 TI - [Prognostic criteria in multiple sclerosis]. AB - The clinical data of 812 patients with Multiple Sclerosis were recorded on optical mark reader-sheets and analyzed with the help of a computer program. In addition to statistical data on the sex ratio, mean age at onset, mean duration of illness the influence of some factors on prognosis were evaluated. The ability to work and walk was dependent on the duration of the disease and the type of the course, independent however of the age at onset and of the sex. The correlation between the clinical data and laboratory results is expected to give clues to the etiology and/or pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 1225807 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis. New possibility of psoriasis treatment using long-wave UV light and a photosensitizer]. AB - Report about the effect of the therapy of psoriasis with topical application of Meladinine and blacklight as inaugurated by Mortazawi and Oberste-Lehn as well as Tronier. In a high percentage of patients treated a regression of the lesions could be observed. As this therapy is possible for ambulatory patients the number of cases in need of stationary treatment may be reduced. PMID- 1225808 TI - [New method for the more precise differentiation of melanomas. Significance of formalin-induced fluorescence for the prognostic evaluation of malignant melanomas]. AB - The value of formalin-induced fluorescence method in diagnosis of malignant melanoma. With this method in the case of malignant melanoma the melanin producing cells can be clearly demonstrated. Shape and arrangement of the tumor cells in the epidermis are to be judged accurately. It is possible to distinguish special cases of lentigo maligna melanoma from superficial spreading melanoma. In the first kind of tumor the cells mostly have long dendrites like melanocytes, whereas in superficial spreading melanoma we predominantly find round cells which only seldom show dendrites. Furthermore the fluorescence method is of great value in exact determination of the level of invasion. Only in this way it is possible to detect single tumor cells in connective tissue, in vessels and in fat tissue. Also in examination of lymph nodes even single cells or small clusters of melanoma cells can be detected. PMID- 1225809 TI - [Acquired ichthyosis as a cutaneous symptom of Hodgkin's disease. Paraneoplastic syndrome]. AB - A case-report of a patient with acquired ichthyosis is given. The symptoms of the main disease-ascites, heavy edema, cachexia and general dissolution-became manifest at the same time as the cutaneous manifestations. The histological examination of a neck lymph node showed metastases of a carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The autopsy resulted in the diagnosis M. Hodgkin. The dermatosis (ichthyosis) is explained as cutaneous pareneoplastic syndrome. The pathogenesis of the disease and the possible role of A-vitaminosis resp. disturbance of vit. A metabolism in the manifestation of the cutaneous manifestations is discussed. PMID- 1225810 TI - [Behavior of the human organism in time zone flights. 2. Sequelae of desynchronization]. AB - The responses of the human organism to time zone flights are reviewed. The physical and biological principles which are connected with dysrhythmic phenomena following shifts of environmental time cues are demonstrated. Quantity and quality of desynchronotic symptoms of psychophysiological functions are described and their significance for performance ability and health of the air traveller, in particular with respect to the possibility of pathogeneous effects, are discussed. PMID- 1225811 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of arterial hypertension urinary the new combination "saluretic and beta-sympatholytic"]. AB - 91 hypertensive patients were treated for 8 weeks with a combination of Trasicor80Esidrix. For the first 2 weeks the fixed daily dose was 2 X 80 mg Trasicor and 25 mg Esidrix. From the third week of treatment onwards, the Esidrix dosage was maintained; the dosage of Trasicor 80 was either maintained, increased, or later decreased, according to the results obtained. Following 8 weeks treatment, the systolic blood pressure decreased from 190,4 (+/- 23,0) to 156,0 (+/- 17,7) mmHg, the distolic pressure decreased from 105,9 (+/- 13,5) to 87,6 (+/- 8,3) mmHg. The most marked decrease was recorded after the first week of treatment. In 84% of the cases, the results of the treatment were classed as good and very good; in 11% of cases the treatment was moderately successful, and in 4 patients (5%) the treatment had no effect. The tolerability of Trasicor80Esidrix was remarkably good (in 94% of cases, according to the physician's assessment). 10 patients complained of side effects, and 4 of them discontinued the treatment. Tasicor80Esidrix has been shown to be a safe, simple and practical form of treatment arterial hypertension. It was possible to maintain the selected initial dose of 2 X 80 mg Trasicor and 25 mg Esidrix in 2/3 of the patients. PMID- 1225812 TI - [Drug therapy of venopathies]. PMID- 1225813 TI - Evidence of an enzymatic 17alpha leads to 21 hydroxyl transfer in the biosynthesis of cortexolone from 17alpha-hydroperoxyprogesterone by adrenal cortex microsomes. AB - The concept of a possible biogenetic intramolecular relationship between several pairs of hydroxylated positions of corticosteroids, in particular between positions 17alpha and 21, has been proposed by us some time ago. We now present evidence that to a certain extent such a relationship can indeed exist. 18O labelled 17alpha-hydroperoxyprogesterone was incubated under ordinary oxygen atmosphere with the microsomal fractions of bovine adrenal cortex. Following extensive purifications by thin-layer chromatography, we have isolated a metabolite with mobility characteristics corresponding to those of authentic 17,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (cortexolone). According to its mass spectrum, this metabolite has a molecular weight of 350, i.e. 4 atomic mass units higher than the molecular weight of non-labelled cortexolone. No conversion of 17alpha-hydroperoxyprogesterone to cortexolone was observed with a previously heat-inactivated preparation. The presence of 4 additional mass units in the cortexolone metabolite means that the latter has preserved two 18O-labels in the molecule, one at position 17alpha and the other one at position 21. This can only be explained by a rearrangement reaction of the hydroperoxide group in such a way that it is accompanied by a C-17alpha to C-21 hydroxyl transfer. In the inverse case, when non-labelled 17alpha-hydroperoxyprogesterone was incubated under 99% 18O2-atmosphere, non-labelled cortexolone of molecular weight 346 was also found. PMID- 1225814 TI - Isolation and some observations of the properties of a bovine neurohypophysial milk-ejecting factor. AB - A substance possessing milk-ejecting activity has been isolated from an acetone powder preparation of bovine posterior pituitary glands by Sephadex G-25 chromatography of the neurophysin-neurohypophysial hormone complex. While the material possessed an oxytocic activity of 2.8 IU/mg as measured on the isolated rat uterus, the milk-ejecting activity was more than three fold greater, 9.6 IU/mg. The peptide had an antidiuretic activity of 0.133 IU/mg and a pressor activity of 0.083 IU/mg. Neither the uterine-stimulating action nor the pressor activity was destroyed by incubating the peptide with 0.01 M sodium thioglycollate at 65 degrees C for 5 min. The oxytocic activity was antagonized neither by 1.4 X 10(-6) M atropine nor 3.3 X 10(-7) M phenoxybenzamine. PMID- 1225815 TI - The effect of maternal hypothyroidism on maternal and fetal tissue glucose-1-14C incorporation in rats. AB - These experiments were conducted to help elucidate the mechanism for the impaired fetal development occurring during maternal hypothyroidism. The disposition of glucose was measured using glucose-1-14C. Maternal hypothyroidism depressed glucose utilization in thematernal-fetal system. Maternal net glycogen synthesis from the labeled glucose was impaired. However, while the fetal glycogen storage system may be capable of at least relatively normal glycogen synthesis, abnormally low levels of glycogen were measured. If, as the data suggest, enzymatic deficiencies do not exist, the low liver glycogen might be a result of the inability of the maternal-placental system to provide adequate substrate to the fetus. PMID- 1225817 TI - Validity of a screening test for typing serum cholinesterase variants among Greek populations. AB - A screening method for determining the abnormal phenotypes of human serum cholinesterase variants in a population survey was investigated. The test appeared to be satisfactory in detecting abnormal genotypes, but not assigning them into correct classification. The results of the population survey indicate that there may be a higher frequency of ChU1ChD1 genotype than those reported earlier. Family studies of the suxamethonium-sensitive propositi in this population demonstrate that abnormal genes ChD1, ChF1 and ChS1 are segregating, according to the usual Mendelian type of inheritance pattern. The possibility of a relatively high frequency of these abnormal genotypes among the Greek population has been indicated. PMID- 1225816 TI - Studies on the minimal dosage of melatonin required to inhibit pineal antigonadotrophic activity in male golden hamsters. AB - Blinding adult male golden hamsters was followed by atrophy, within 12 weeks, of the testes and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands) and by a significant reduction in pituitary prolactin levels. In experiment 1 blind hamsters received subcutaneously implanted melatonin-beeswax (1:24 mg) pellets at the following intervals: once per week, per 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks, or only one pellet during the 12-week experimental period. The melatonin-beeswax pellets, regardless of the frequency of implantation, overcame completely the inhibitory effects of blinding on reproduction and nearly completely the depressant action of light deprivation on pituitary prolactin levels. In the second study the melatonin beeswax pellets were implanted subcutaneously into blind hamsters every 2 weeks. The pellets contained either 1 mg, 500, 100, 50, or 1 mug melatonin. With the exception of the 1-mug dosage, melatonin again negated almost totally the inhibitory action of darkness on the gonads and accessory organs and also, for the most part, prevented the drop in pituitary prolactin levels. Based on these studies, when melatonin is chronically administered subcutaneously in a beeswax pellet the minimal dosage of melatonin required to counteract the inhibitory effect of darkness on reproduction seems to be less than 3.6 mug/day. The effects of chronic melatonin treatment are similar to those of pinealectomy. PMID- 1225819 TI - A, 1;6, translocation associated with congenital glaucoma and cleft lip and palate. AB - A translocation of a part of the long arm of a chromosome No. 1 onto the long arm of a chromosome No. 6 was observed in a 2 1/2-year-old boy with mental retardation, harelip, cleft palate and congenital glaucoma. Different banding methods revealed that the translocation t(1;6)(q23;q27) apparently was balanced. The conncection between the patients' symptoms and the chromosomal rearrangement might be fortuitous or produced by the chromosome aberration. PMID- 1225818 TI - Partial D 15 trisomy. A case and general review. AB - A profoundly retarded girl with cyanotic congenital heart disease, recurrent myoclonic seizures, an external strabismus and not very unusual facial features was found to have a 47, XX chromosome complement. The extra chromosome is a small G-size chromosome with small projections extending from the ends of the long arms and no satellites observed on the short arms. By Geimsa-trypsin banding techniques this aberrant chromosome appears to be a partially deleted D 15 chromosome. A comparison of the clinical features is made with those described in the nine other reported specifically identifies cases of 'partial trisomy 15'. For clinical and chromosome morphology reasons, this was felt not to be trisomy in the G group nor an extra Y. We speculate that the long arm projections are satellites derived from a ring-type intrachromosomal translocation. PMID- 1225820 TI - Suxamethonium sensitivity and segregation of human serum cholinesterase variants at locus, Ch1, among twelve British families. AB - Sera from 39 individuals with suxamethonium apnoea have been examined. The likelihood of the ChU1ChD1 heterozygotes developing suxamethonium apnoea has been calculated. The results indicate that 1 in 4,000 of normal homozygotes and 1 in 400 of ChU1ChD1 heterozygotes develop suxamethonium apnoea. The period of suxamethonium apnoea in these individuals has been found shorter than that usually seen in ChD1ChD1 homozygotes. An approximate estimate of the frequency of the ChF1 and ChS1 genes has also been calculated. Twelve British families of these suxamethonium apnoea propositi have been examined. The inheritance pattern in all these families was found to be of the Mendelian type. Three of these families have been found to be segregating for the rarer ChF1 gene and two for ChS1 gene, respectively. This present study provides an additional piece of support to the hypothesis that the ChF1 and ChS1 are alleles determining the synthesis of usual and atypical cholinesterase together with the likelihood of ChU1ChD1 heterozygotes having occasional suxamethonium apnoea. In addition, the present report indicates that there may be cholinesterase variants besides dibucaine and fluoride-resistant, 'silent' and C5. PMID- 1225821 TI - A boy with 46, X, del, Y, due to a de nove mutation. AB - A newborn male referred for genetic investigation because of a large sized head and dysplastic ears, but with apparently normal male genitalia was found to have a deletion of all of the brightly fluorescent part of the long are of chromosome Y and absence of the Y fluorescent body on buccal smear. His father and his two brothers had normal Y chromosomes. Social and family history as well as marker investigation make illegitimacy most unlikely and leaves an occurrence of a new chromosomal mutation in the father the most probably interpretation. Follow-up of the infant to the age of 9 months revealed a large baby with normal development. PMID- 1225822 TI - Consanguinity and demography in some Chilean populations. AB - Spatial and temporal changes in the rates and the patterns of consanguinity are studied in some (indigenous as well as admixed) populations of Chile. Relationship between the variation of infant mortality and late fetal death rates with the degree of inbreeding is also explored. The need of a temporal study of these demographic variables is also emphasized to elucidate the influence of marriage structure or determined reproductive patterns on the genetic and demographic aspects within these populations. PMID- 1225823 TI - Linkage studies in Lenz microphthalmia. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) phenotype studies were done on a black family with X-linked heredofamilial bilateral microphthalmia (HBM). Three crossovers and three non-crossovers were detected in three informative matings of four generations yielding a recombination value of 0.5. These findings do not provide evidence for linkage between the G6PD and HBM loci, suggesting either that the G6PD and HBM loci are far apart on the X chromosome or that HBM in this family is inherited as an autosomal dominant male sex-limited trait. PMID- 1225824 TI - Haptoglobin type Hp-Jo and hypohaptoglobinaemia in a Danish family. Preliminary report. AB - The occurrence of the rare Hp 2-Jo type in a Danish family is reported. By subtyping procedure the 2alphaJ polypeptide chain was demonstrated for the first time in an HP 2-Jo sample. Apparently independent of the transmission of the HpJo gene hypohaptoglobinaemia was found in a rather high proportion of the members of the kindred. PMID- 1225825 TI - Parathenar palmar pattern: a dermatoglyphic sign of possible clinical significance. AB - The frequency of a 'double proximal axial triradius' (DPAT), which results in a palmar parathenar pattern, has been reported to be increased in those with ventricular septal defect (BSD). We scored the presence of this pattern in 313 patients with congenital heart defects (including 86 with isolated VSD), 176 with cystic fibrosis (CF) or relatives of those with CF, and 333 with no known clinical disease who were unrelated to individuals with CF. The frequencies in these three groups were 1.6, 2.3, and 0.6%, respectively. None of those with isolated VSD defect had a DPAT. All five individuals in the heart defect group with a DPAT had pulmonic stenosis. Of the total of eleven individuals in our series with DPAT patterns, eight were affected only on the right hand. The frequency of DPAT in individuals with no known disease in this series was 4/406=1.0%, more than double the frequency in a control series, published previously by DAVID, 5/1,129=0.4%. If the 73 relatives of those with CF are excluded from our own 'control' group, the frequency of DPAT in this group is then 0.6%, closer to the results in DAVID's control series. PMID- 1225826 TI - Incidence of congenital heart disease in Hungary. AB - A survey was planned for establishing the point prevalence at birth of congenital heart disease and for assessing at the same time the efficacy of a screening for such anomalies. This model included: (1) exact determination of the population under survey; (2) approximately complete ascertainment of all persons in the population studied; (3) identical principles of cardiologic screening; (4) application of modern cardiologic diagnostic methods, and (5) a sample of over 2,000 persons. 23 cases of congenital heart diseases were found among 2,259 children born 1963 in a defined Hungarian territory. This means a point prevalence of 10.2+/-2.1% live births. (An additional 6 doubtful cases were not taken into account.) From the 12 cases diagnosed in vivo, 10 were detected by the screening. PMID- 1225828 TI - Cytological investigations on the effects of I131 in male mice. PMID- 1225827 TI - Distributions, sex and age effects, and joint associations between phenotypes of 14 genetic systems in an Australian population sample. AB - The distribution of phenotypes of 14 polymorphic systems in a Melbourne sample have been determined. Some differences between males and females were found and the proportion of males of each PGM phenotype was shown to depend on the gene dosage in a linear manner. Among the more prominent effects of age noted, the median age of P1+ females was higher than for P1--females and this finding was associated with a positive linear regression of the proportion of P1+ women on age. No age effect was observed in males in this system. Some evidence for associations between phenotypes were found in 9 pairs of polymorphic systems. PMID- 1225829 TI - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist on gastric secretion in albino rats. PMID- 1225830 TI - The correlation of vaginal cytology with urinary oestriol and pregnanediol in third trimester of normal and abnormal pregnancies. PMID- 1225831 TI - Immunologic studies in amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 1225832 TI - Levels of some nucleic acid hydrolases during growth inhibition and subsequent regression of mouse fibrosarcoma by treatment with rotenone. PMID- 1225834 TI - Tissue response in hydatidosis. PMID- 1225835 TI - Bile salt metabolism in intestinal tuberculosis increased glycine: taurine ratio of conjugated bile salts. PMID- 1225833 TI - Morphological features and probable mode of evolution of cirrhosis of the liver in adults in North India. PMID- 1225836 TI - Urinary steroid hormone patterns: III. Effect of continuous daily administration of low dose megestrol acetate. PMID- 1225837 TI - Surveillance for carcinogenesis in women using Cu-IUD for contraception. PMID- 1225838 TI - The psychosomatic approach in the practice of medicine. AB - The psychosomatic approach requires of the practitioner broad knowledge and skills relevant to the psychosocial, metabolic and physical responses of patients. The approach, being holistic, becomes appropriate in many different clinical situations (and should not be restricted to a few so-called psychosomatic diseases). Wise physicians and perceptive laymen have recognized the validity of an holosomatic approach for over 4000 years. Although the prevalence and incidence of psychosomatic disturbances are difficult to estimate (and probably underestimated in many surveys), data support the statement that family physicians should employ a psychosomatic approach in at least 15 per cent of cases. The general internist will probably encounter primarily psychosomatic disturbances in about 30 per cent of his patients; for example, many common presenting symptoms such as fatigue and chest pain arise in a setting of psychological stress. Apart from a sound knowledge of the genesis and manifestations of metabolic and structural changes, the physician must be familiar with the causes and symptoms of psychological disorders. Skillful interviewing and histroy-taking provide the data necessary to analyze and unravel psychosomatic interplay. Psychotherapeutic interviews often enable both the patient and the physician to understand the clinical problem: this understanding appears to aid recovery. PMID- 1225839 TI - The doctor-patient relationship in the practice of medicine. AB - The patient-doctor relationship is based on the principles of interaction, collecting data and integration of both interaction and data into an overall diagnosis/therapy. Patients with functional abdominal disorders are seen as representatives of today's general patients and a study of their management in present medical practice is reported, as revealed through literature. The literature reveals an almost complete neglect of intractional and intergrational principles. This holds true even for psychosomatically oriented literature, which offers some crude clinical guidelines at best. Thus the primary physician gets little support from psychosomatic medicine in understanding the full meaning of the doctor-patient relationship. The clinical implications of the relationship are demonstrated through a short case history and implications for future training are described which are based on the primary physician's actual working experiences. PMID- 1225840 TI - Bodily communication and psychotherapy: a psychosomatic approach. AB - In the management of patients it is often important to combine physical and psychotherapeutic treatment methods according to the individual patient's needs. In analytically oriented psychotherapy more attention can usefully be paid to the patient's bodily attitudes and behavior than has been customary. A psychosomatic approach which can be applied to the psychotherapeutic process is described, and theoretical considerations are discussed. PMID- 1225841 TI - Management of the persistent somatizer. AB - Patients who suffer and complain of symptoms for which no adequate organic pathology is found present serious management problems. Patients who display somatization phenomena are discussed with respect to incidence, psychopathology and predisposing factors-social and cultural, early life experiences, personality characteristics and individual psychodynamics. Although primary prevention of somatization is not yet feasible, early recognition and treatment are possible. The role of the psychiatrist includes: formulation of diagnosis; assessment for therapy; planning of treatment; and, at times, becoming the primary therapist. The family physician has the best opportunity for early detection and prevention of chronicity of somatization phenomena. Pharmacotherapy, behavior modification and some newer approaches in the management of these persistent somatizers are discussed. PMID- 1225842 TI - Teaching psychosomatic medicine to medical students, residents and postgraduate fellows. AB - The teaching objectives of a psychosomatic program are discussed--in particular, to teach skills and methods of observation; to help students to acquire information about mind-body relationships in health and disease; to help future practitioners develop the capacity for clinical reasoning which includes psychological and social considerations; to effect modifications in attitudes and behavior towards patients and their families; and to present to students the model of a physician who has a major interest and considerable competence in two areas of medicine--the psychosocial and the physical-physiologic-biochemical. A description of the general organization of the liaison service is presented, and the specific aspect of teaching programs for medical students, medical interns and residents, psychiatric residents, and liaison fellows are outlined. Implications for the future of liaison teaching are mentioned. PMID- 1225844 TI - Aspects of work style and work difficulty in borderline personalities. PMID- 1225843 TI - Epilogue: meditations on psychosomatic medicine. AB - Presented are some personal views on the state of psychosomatic medicine as a science. It is suggested that the field needs more precision in language including exorcism of value judgments from certain dimensions, less circularity in stress-strain reasoning, more complex hypotheses, more emphasis on social support as a central variable and more acceptance of divergent research styles. PMID- 1225846 TI - The analyst undisguised in the initial dream in psychoanalysis. PMID- 1225845 TI - On the generation and classification of defence mechanisms. PMID- 1225847 TI - Some difficulties and satisfactions inherent in the practice of psychoanalysis. PMID- 1225848 TI - The attachment-autonomy conflict in agoraphobia. PMID- 1225849 TI - The narcissistic function of masochism (and sadism). PMID- 1225850 TI - A contribution to the understanding of the confusion of tongues. PMID- 1225851 TI - The use of the averaged evoked potential in the evaluation of central nervous system disorders. PMID- 1225852 TI - Clinical applications of averaged evoked responses to somatic stimulation. PMID- 1225853 TI - Baroreceptor and vasomotor function in neurological disease. PMID- 1225854 TI - Binocular and monocular visual evoked responses in the differential diagnosis of psychogenic and disease-related visual disorders. PMID- 1225855 TI - An electrophysiological study on pathways of the cortico-striato-pallido-center median systems in the cat. PMID- 1225856 TI - The clinical interruption of ongoing cerebral circuits. PMID- 1225857 TI - The training of a neurologist. PMID- 1225858 TI - Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. AB - These results suggest that Ara A, within its nontoxic dose range, may be efficacious in the treatment of neonatal HSV infection, provided the drug is given early in the course of the disease. Such studies as this have prompted a large scale multi-institutional study, which hopefully will provide a greater insight into the natural history of this usually devastating disease. The information gathered undoubtedly will lead to better and more specific antiviral agents as well as diagnostic techniques for earlier identification of neonatal HSV disease. PMID- 1225859 TI - The poxviruses: vaccinia and variola. PMID- 1225860 TI - Chlamydial eye disease. AB - In the United States, chlamydial (TRIC) agents cause a small but important segment of infectious ocular disease. Elsewhere in the world, trachoma still represents the single greatest cause of blindness. The description of these diseases in this chapter is a brief introduction to a subject about which volumes have been and will continue to be written. Barring unforeseen developments, these agents will continue to plague humankind beyond the end of the twentieth century. PMID- 1225861 TI - Orthomyxoviridae. PMID- 1225862 TI - Selective solubilization of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza viruses. AB - A novel approach is described for the isolation of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza viruses. In contrast to published procedures, the two glycoproteins are selectively solubilized, leaving an intact viral subparticle which contains lipid, RNA and non-glycoproteins. The pronounced differences in size allow a simple separation of the solubilized proteins from the virus 'core'. PMID- 1225863 TI - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genomes of two orbiviruses: D'Aguilar and Eubenangee. AB - The orbiviruses D'Aguilar and Eubenangee were shown to possess RNA genomes separable into ten segments by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Although there were minor differences in the molecular weights of corresponding genome segments of the two orbiviruses, the overall patterns were more similar to each other than to that of the reovirus type 3 genome. PMID- 1225864 TI - Development of standard reference materials for air quality measurement. AB - The National Bureau of Standards is engaged in a continuing program involving gaseous Standard Reference Materials for air pollution measurements. Preparation of such materials requires definition of the stability, homogeneity, and accuracy of the samples. This information is obtained by long term studies of the gas systems, by development of absolute methods of analysis, and by analysis of large numbers of samples prepared in bulk. The results of studies, extending over several years, of low concentration of carbon monoxide in nitrogen and nitric oxide in nitrogen are reported. Over one thousand samples of these materials have been analyzed and the stability with time and the within-batch homogeneity have been characterized. Accuracy is achieved by use of gravimetric standards and with dynamic dilution systems. Accuracy attainable by either method is described. The use of permeation tubes of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide is necessary in some situations because of the reactivity of the gases. Data covering the stability and accuracy of these devices has been collected over a period of several years. PMID- 1225865 TI - Effect of population and health care environment on hospital utilization. AB - A path analytic test of a causal model linking a county population's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the way its hospital services are delivered, and the health care resources available to it with its rate of short-term general hospital utilization is performed using data from 56 New York State counties. The results generally support the model and point to the central importance of an area's hospital bed supply for an understanding of its hospitalization rates. The path analysis reveals the patterns of direct and indirect effects of population and health care environment variables on hospitalization rates and supports the contention that health care environment characteristics intervene between population and hospitalization. The practical implications of these results for those in the health care field are discussed. PMID- 1225866 TI - Costs of providing dental services for children in public and private practices. AB - This study compares the costs of providing children's dental services in three practice settings: private practices, public mobile clinics, and public fixed clinics. Some 15,000 children were provided comprehensive dental care over a three-year period. Results indicate that costs per visit and per child were lowest in mobile clinics and highest in private practices. The differential was partially explained by differences in productivity but mostly by the fact that the price of services in public practices represented costs of production, whereas in private practices they represented market values. PMID- 1225867 TI - Predicting demand for publicly dispatched ambulances in a metropolitan area. AB - A model to predict demand for publicly dispatched emergency ambulance service in Los Angeles County is constructed using 1970 census tract and land usage data and 1973 population and utilization data. Although data were not available for many communities within the county, results indicate that the mode, which uses four socioeconomic variables, can accurately explain actual variations in ambulance demand for individual communities in Los Angeles County and for larger regions within the county. PMID- 1225869 TI - Analysis and control of nurse staffing. AB - An information and reporting system based on a regression analysis of historical nurse staffing data is described. The system provides a concise monthly report from which administrators can evaluate the efficiency of scheduling procedures used by nurse supervisors to meet varying patient loads. PMID- 1225868 TI - Determinants of hospital utilization in the Netherlands. AB - Hospital use in the Netherlands is examined in a cross-section analysis of 1969 and 1971 data for 120 service regions. Elasticities of admissions with respect to bed supply and supply of general practitioners are calculated, and the substitutability of first level care (by general practitioners) for hospital care is considered. Substitution effects found indicate that the Dutch government's plan to reduce the ratio of hospital beds to population is feasible. PMID- 1225870 TI - The inverse Gaussian distribution as a model of hospital stay. AB - Properties of the inverse gaussian distribution are presented with comments on fitting the distribution to lentgh-of-stay data. A conceptual framework for the hospitalization process is described; it suggests that the inverse gaussian distribution has considerable potential as both a descriptive and prescriptive model of length of stay, especially in the setting of psychiatric hospitals. PMID- 1225871 TI - The gingivitis iron test. AB - Mixed saliva stimulated by mastication was sampled under standardized conditions in 50 recruits before and after a 10-day period of intensified oral hygiene. The degree of gingivitis was assessed (1) with the Sulcus Bleeding Index and (2) with the spectrophotometric determination of blood iron in the saliva samples. Oral hygiene reduced (1) the SBI from 1.1+/-0.6 to 0.6+/-0.4 and (2) salivary iron from 0.6+/-0.5 to 0.3+/-0.4 mug, both differences being highly significant (PF is less than 0.001). SBI and iron data were significantly but not strongly correlated (r=51). PMID- 1225872 TI - Plaque inhibition and staining by hibitane and vantocil. AB - In a first 2-day experiment, inhibitions of plaque formation by 0.05% Hibitane and Vantocil rinses were similar. In a second 7-day test, the same 2 antimicrobials again showed similar degrees of plaque depression. The Vantocil group exhibited significantly more severe tooth surface staining than the Hibitane group. PMID- 1225873 TI - The precision of three enamel biopsy methods for fluoride determination. AB - 3 different enamel biopsy methods were tested on 2 maxillary permanent incisors on each of 90 schoolchildren. In methods A and B the round biopsy field was bordered by copalite varnish, while method C utilized a scotch tape border. The biopsy itself resulted from etching the enamel surface with 2N perchloric acid for 7 sec for method A, and 14 sec for methods B and C. Flouride was measured with the fluoride activity electrode. The doubled etching time caused only a 30 to 40% increase of enamel removal. Method C showed the best reproducibility. PMID- 1225874 TI - Uptake and retention of fluoride by intact and etched enamel. AB - 180 fluoride biopsies were taken in 30 children from the labial surfaces of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth. The average thickness of the biopsied surface enamel was 8.35+/-0.75 mjm. Intact, not treated enamel had an average F-content of the integral of 550 ppm. 7 days after one 3-min topical application of amine fluoride on intact enamel the average F-concentration was the integral of 1150 ppm. 7 days after one amine fluoride application on enamel previously etched with pyruvic or orthophosphoric acid, the average F-content was the integral of 3400 ppm and the integral of 2800 ppm respectively. PMID- 1225875 TI - Fluoride retention after rinsing with sodium fluoride and amine fluoride. AB - Fluoride retention from fluoride rinses (250 ppm F), calculated from F concentrations and volumes of expectorates, and fluoride clearance, determined in whole saliva samples collected 1, 5 and 10 minutes after rinsing, were studied in 70 adults. F-retention from a 1:1 oleylamine-cetylaminefluoride rinsing solution (15 ml. 15 sec) was 410 mjg F, from a sodium fluoride rinse 343 mug F. 563 mug F were retained from a 30-sec amine fluoride rinse. Fluoride clearance was significantly slower after cetylaminefluoride rinses than after NaF rinses. Prerinsing with sodium lauryl sulfate or cetylaminechloride annihilated the F clearance superiority of cetylaminefluoride over NaF. PMID- 1225876 TI - Facilitatory effect of lingual nerve stimulation on masseteric EMG Activities of the cat. AB - Unitary EMG activities in masseter muscle of decerebrate cats were recorded during repetitive stimulation (20-50 Hz) of the lingual nerve and during vibration. These two kinds of stimuli facilitated EMG activities, whereby their effects could summate. Masseteric EMG response was also obtained during jaw opening phase of the cyclic jaw movement. With the jaw cyclically moved at a widely opened position: motor units discharged even at the jaw closing phase during simultaneous lingual nerve stimulation or during vibration. Based on the results obtained, two possible pathways for lingually induced excitation of masseteric EMG can be speculated on: an excitatory pathway from the lingual nerve to the masseteric motoneurons, secondly a direct pathway to masseteric motoneurons. As facilitation of masseteric EMG was obtained with the threshold lower than that of jaw opening reflex, separate afferent fibers concerning these two reflexes should also be considered. PMID- 1225877 TI - [The management of intratemporal facial nerve lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Intratemporal lesions of the facial nerve can be divided into operative lesions, lesions due to birth trauma, trauma through the external auditory canal, gunshot injuries, lesions caused by fractures of the temporal bone and lesions due to intratemporal tumours. Bell's palsy and palsies due to inflammation are not included in this paper. The lesions caused by fractures are discussed in more detail. In longitudinal fractures the nerve is always damaged at the site of the geniculate ganglion and not at the pyramidal segment, as accepted until now. Of the lesions caused by tumours the neurinomas are discussed. A very rare case of a combined extra- and intra-temporal neurinoma is presented. The progress of the electrophysiological findings (nerve excitability test, electroneurography) are most important for the indication for exploration of the nerve, especially in lesions due to fracture. Surgery is necessary only in cases of imminent or complete denervation and not in cases of neuropraxia. The methods of intratemporal facial nerve surgery are: 1. anastomoses (cross-over) between the facial nerve and other cranial nerves (IX, XI, XII), 2. decompression, 3. suture (including rerouting), and 4. nerve grafting. The oldest method of anastomosing with the hypoglossal nerve, is a useful technique if other techniques of nerve repair have failed. Since the introduction of transtemporal surgery of the internal canal decompression can bedone from the stylomastoid foramen to the porus acousticus. The end-to-end suture of a severed nerve gives good results. Nerve defects can be corrected by shortening the nerve bed. The following methods are used: 1: rerouting of the pyramidal segment (Bunnel, Martin), 2. rerouting at the stylomastoid foramen (Mundnich), 3. transtemporal rerouting of the first genu (Ganglion geniculi) with preservation of the labyrinth (one case is demonstrated). 4. transmastoidal-translabyrinthine rerouting in cases of a destroyed labyrinth. Nerve grafting is the method of choice with large defects. In the temporal bone special suture techniques are unnecessary. The approximation of the stumps must be free of tension. PMID- 1225878 TI - [Ventricular cord hyperplasias of the larynx-pathogenesis and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Primary hyperplasia of the ventricular cords can produce voice disturbance or can be a secondary change caused by a primary voice disorder. Primary hyperplasia, besides inflammation or tumour, arises in aging people by a metaplastic process of the glandular epithelium of the ventricular cords. These lesions are called "grandular-cystic ventricular cord hyperplasias". Secondary hyperplasias are mainly of a fibrous nature. These "fibrous-vicarious hyperplasias" arise in hyperkinetic functional voice disorders, in pareses or in some cases of extensive chronic hyperplastic or oedematous laryngitis if the vocal cords can no more be used for normal phonation. Endolaryngeal microsurgical excision from the ventricular cords followed by voice exercises enables us to treat the "ventricular cord voice" successfully within a short time. PMID- 1225880 TI - [Orbital decompression (author's transl)]. AB - Decompression of the orbit for retro-orbital haematoma is not usually performed. On the other hand it is recommended when ophthalmoscopy shows impending thrombosis secondary to a massive orbital haematoma. In such cases both surgical decompression of the orbit and splitting of the optic nerve sheath should be done. The indications for the surgical exposure of the optic canal are: 1. When there is progressive change on perimetry of the visual fields; 2. When there is radiological evidence of narrowing of the optic canal; 3. When there is papilloedema. Because of the magnitude of the surgery it is only rarely utilized, and a conservative management is most frequently better. PMID- 1225879 TI - [Light and electron microscopy of rhinoscleroma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the case of a 50 year old male patient whose rhinoscleroma, localized to the upper respiratory tract, was demonstrated by the isolation of Klebsiella bacilli and histologically. Electron microscopically the Mikulicz cells were characterized by fused vacuoles occupying the largest portion of the cytoplasm and displacing the damaged cytoplasmic organelles. Phagosomes and dense bodies reminiscent of Russel bodies also occurred in the Mikulicz cells, in the vacuoles of which formations representing Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis were demonstrated. A light halo was visible around some of these formations. It could not be, however, decided whether these halos represented the mucous sheath of the bacillus or an artifact only. In the plasmacells the authors observed the bag like dilatation of the ergastoplasm and the presence of Russel bodies. Transitory forms were not seen among the plasma and Mikulicz cells. As a result of the treatment, Klebsiella disappeared from the nasal mucosa of the patient. The authors wish to follow by means of electron microscopy the changes of the granulation tissue and pathogens following antibiotic therapy. PMID- 1225881 TI - [Microcoagulation in the treatment of facial spasm (author's transl)]. AB - A method for the surgical treatment of facial spasm is described. The nerve trunk is exposed in the mastoid region and the sheath is opened. With a bipolar electrode, microspots are burnt spirally round the nerve trunk and also at a few places in the centre of the nerve after pulling the bundles apart. Three cases are reported and assessed in comparison with the methods of Miehlke, Fisch, Rosemann and Schaupp. The more rapid and easier delineation of the nerve trunk in the event of a recurrence are considered an advantage compared with the extratemporal methods. PMID- 1225882 TI - [The use of plastic prosteses in laryngeal and tracheal stenoses (author's transl)]. AB - A "T" shaped polyvinylpyrrolidine tube was used to resolve cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea. The plastic prosthesis is softened by heat. According to clinical experience the prosthesis insures unhindered respiration, free expectoration, speech and deglution. A number of successes are demonstrated. PMID- 1225883 TI - [Assignment of tasks in head surgery]. PMID- 1225884 TI - Editorial: Epilepsy, asthma, and the amphetamines. PMID- 1225885 TI - Immunization precautions for highly sensitive individuals. PMID- 1225886 TI - Asthmatic children away from home: a comparative psychological study. AB - The essential difference that emerged from a comparison of the fantasies of Rapidly Remitting and Nonremitting asthmatic children was found to be in the area of emotional awareness. The children who lost their asthmatic symptoms when separated from home were found to have some awareness of angry feelings toward parental figures whom they experienced as hostile and/or rejecting. They were also found to be aware, to some extent, of longings for a relationship with a person who would provide nurturing care or guidance. The Nonremitting children, on the other hand, were found to be lacking in any awareness of either angry feelings or longings for a nurturing relationship. A study of the test materials of both groups of children reveals that these feelings are present in all eight children. Yet they have been totally repressed in the Nonremitting children, while the Rapidly Remitting children have, apparently, not felt the need to resort to such massive repression. Thus a second area of difference, implied in the first, emerges when we compare these two groups of children in terms of defensive ego functioning. Abramson's emphasis on the central importance of the period in which the child's emotional conflict arose proved to be valid for this study. He predicted that those children whose asthma begins at or near the period of toilet training will be the same ones who will have most difficulty giving up their asthmatic symptoms. Although I have not been able to validate dates for onset of asthma, it's clear, I hope, from the foregoing discussion that the Nonremitting children all suffer from conflicts arising in the anal period of development. This is not so (or much less so) for the Rapidly Remitting children who, however, often have conflicts which are just as severe. Each of the Nonremitting children, on an unconscious level, is waging a battle with mother over who will get the upper hand: this is the central conflict. Though these children are outwardly compliant much of the time, they betray their inner antagonism by withholding and being stubborn. Each has developed very skillful, though passive, methods for resisting adult authority. What are the implications for these findings? Our Nonremitting children do not always show obvious signs of emotional disturbance. Because they tend to be well behaved, they are often considered healthy and well adjusted. While the Rapidly Remitting children are insisting (often dramatically) on getting help, the Nonremitters are busy "fitting in". Though they are slow to respond to individual psychotherapy and milieu treatment, they need it as much as do those who are more immediately reponsive to our therapeutic efforts. PMID- 1225887 TI - Asthma as a lethal disease: the Cincinnati experience. PMID- 1225888 TI - Blood volume studies in chronic renal failure using radioactive CR. PMID- 1225889 TI - Jejunal mucosa of inhabitants of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. PMID- 1225890 TI - The role of dietary phytate in the pathogenesis of nutritional osteomalacia. PMID- 1225891 TI - Radioimmunoassay for serum digoxin. PMID- 1225892 TI - Urban--rural trends in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease. PMID- 1225893 TI - Unstable haemoglobins in haematologic disorders. PMID- 1225894 TI - A clinical trial with mebendazole in ascariasis and ankylostomiasis. PMID- 1225895 TI - The relationship of alcohol and hyperlactatemia in diabetic subjects treated with phenformin. PMID- 1225896 TI - Editorial: 'Normal' jejunal mucosa. PMID- 1225897 TI - Heat stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation and death in a long distance runner. PMID- 1225898 TI - Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (a case report). PMID- 1225899 TI - Letter: Boiled garlic and blood fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 1225900 TI - Letter: Nephrotic syndrome: a clinico-pathological study. PMID- 1225901 TI - Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus in vitro. Improved model for the elongation process by protein subunits. AB - The in vitro assembly reaction of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), especially the elongation process of partially reconstituted RNA (PRR) by protein subunits, was observed by electron microscopy. After addition of TMV-protein subunits, the PRR appeared as rods with a clump at one end, believed to be a complex between added protein subunits and the RNA tail protruding from PRR. The subunits entrapped on the RNA tails in the forms of clumps were progressively incorporated into the growing rods on incubation, ending with the formation of completely reconstituted rods. The clumps were also observed after addition of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) protein subunits to rods partially reconstituted from RNA and TMV-protein. In this case, the protein subunits, seen as clumps, did not become incorporated to form elongating rods. An improved model for the elongation of TMV rods is proposed. The elongation process is composed of two steps, with the first step being the interaction of protein subunits with the RNA tail protruding from the growing rod. Any protein having a specific binding site for TMV-rna, not limited to TMV-protein, will react in the first step. The second step is the incorporation of the protein on the RNA tail into a rod-shaped structure, with consequent elongation of the growing rod. It appears that only protein homologous with that in the partially reconstituted rods can partake in the second step. PMID- 1225902 TI - The disulfide bridges of ribonuclease U2 from Ustilago sphaerogena. AB - RNase U2 was partially hydrolyzed with chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] and sulfuric acid, and in each case the resulting peptides were separated by gel filtration, ion exchange column chromatography and paper electrophoresis. From the results of amino acid analysis of cystine-containing peptides and their oxidized components, the three disulfide bridges were located between the cystine residues at positions 1 and 53, 9 and 112, and 54 and 95. PMID- 1225903 TI - Dephosphorylation of tubulin-bound guanosine triphosphate during microtubule assembly. AB - 1. Tubulin purified from porcine brain in the presence of GTP contained 0.16 mole of GDP and 0.73 mole of GTP per 60,000 g of protein. 2. Microtubules reconstituted from the purified tubulin contained 0.43 mole of GDP and 0.41 mole of GTP per 60,000 g of protein. Guanine nucleotide bound to the exchangeable site of tubulin was converted to GDP during microtubule assembly, while GTP at the non exchangeable site remained intact. 3. Guanine nucleotide which had been bound to the exchangeable site of tubulin before microtubule assembly was also exchangeable during disassembly. PMID- 1225904 TI - Exchange of phospholipids between mitochondria and rough or smooth microsomes in vitro. AB - Phospholipids in mitochondria can be exchanged with those in two microsomal fractions from rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough microsomes) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth microsomes) in vitro in the presence of cell supernatant. The amounts of phospholipids transferred from each submicrosomal fraction to nitochondria were slightly different. The compositions of the phospholipids transferred to mitochondria from both microsomal fractions were the same, though these two fractions actually had different phospholipid compositions. PMID- 1225905 TI - Studies on the circadian rhythm of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. III. Circadian rhythm in the kidney. AB - Phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase [EC 4.1.1.21] activity in rat kidney shows a circadian rhythm with the highest activity between 0200 h and 0800 h and the lowest activity between 1400 h and 2000 h. The rhythm was observed in both sexes and throughout the year. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide effectively blocked the circadian increase in enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the circadian increase in phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase activity is due to net synthesis of enzyme protein through newly synthesized mRNA. In experiments with kidney cortex slices, gluconeogenesis from the radioactive precursor, [14C]malic acid, was considerably higher at 0200 h than at 1400 h, varying in parallel with the change in the enzyme activity. PMID- 1225906 TI - Comparison of the activities for polypeptide synthesis of polysomes prepared with different detergents from normal and regenerating rat liver. AB - When prepared in the presence of deoxycholate, the activities for polypeptide synthesis of polysomes from normal and regenerating rat liver were similar. However, when the polysomes were prepared in the presence of either Triton X-100 or Lubrol WX, the polysomes from regenerating liver had about three to four times more activity than those from normal liver. On the other hand, the activities for polyphenylalanine synthesis of ribosomes from regenerating rat liver were similar irrespective of whether these ribosomes were prepared in the presence of deoxycholate or Triton X-100. PMID- 1225907 TI - DNA dependent RNA polymerase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. V. Characterization of a factor repressing RNA polymerase II as a ribonucleoprotein. AB - Previously we reported the isolation of a factor, named the R-protein, which strongly repressed RNA polymerase II [EC 2.7.7.6] of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In the present work this factor was found to contain much RNA (ratio of RNA to protein, 2.3 to 1). The RNA was G:C rich, with a very high content of guanylic acid (about 38%). On equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in Cs2SO4 solution, the RNA became distributed above free RNA, but after digestion of the R protein with pronase the RNA cosedimented with free RNA. Thus the R-protein is a complex of RNA and protein. PMID- 1225908 TI - Amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of chicken AI hemoglobin. AB - Adult chicken hemoglobin is heterogeneous and contains two major components, AI and AII (1). The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of the AI component from white leghorns (small A type) was determined and compared with that of the alpha chain of the AII component, previously determined by the authors (2). An unexpectedly large difference of 65 amino acids was found between these two chains. PMID- 1225909 TI - Acceleration of intradermal catabolism of guinea pig IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies by challenge with antigen. AB - The intradermal catabolism of antibodies injected in guinea pigs to provoke skin reactions was studied using 125I-labeled guinea pig IgG1 and IgG2 anti-ovalbumin antibodies. Disappearance of both the IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies from injected sites was accelerated by intravenous injection of the antigen. The antigen antibody complexes produced in vitro were also catabolized more rapidly than free antibodies, when estimated using 125I-labeled antibodies. On the other hand, the catabolism of normal IgG2 was not influenced by local anaphylactic reaction elicited by IgG1 antiovalbumin antibody coexisting at the sites. Therefore, the enhanced catabolism of antibodies on challenge was not caused by increased vascular permeability due to anaphylactic reactions, but by more rapid elimination of immune complexes formed at the sites. The Fc parts of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies played an essential role in the enhancement of catabolism since the catabolism of the F(ab')2 fragments was not accelerated by complex formation with ovalbumin, but rather reduced. PMID- 1225910 TI - Circadian rhythms in digestive enzymes in the small intestine of rats. I. Patterns of the rhythms in various regions of the small intestine. AB - The activities of the digestive enzymes, maltase [EC 3.2.1.20], sucrase [EC 3.2.1.26], trehalase [EC 3.2.1.28], Leucine aminopeptidase [EC 3.4.11.1], and alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1] were measured in various regions of the small intestine of rats. The activities of all these enzymes were much higher in the jejunum than in the ileum, and in the distal regions of the ileum no sucrase, trehalase or alkaline phosphatase activity was detected. In the jejunum, the activities of all the enzymes tested exhibited clear circadian variations with the highest activity at 0000-0400 h and the lowest at 1200 h when the rats were fed ad libitum. In the ileum, maltase and sucrase also exhibited circadian variations, but the amplitude of the rhythm was smaller than that in the jejenum. Trehalase and alkaline phosphatase did not show any circadian variation in the ileum. Leucine aminopeptidase showed a circadian variation in the ileum with the same amplitude as in the jejunum. The phase of the circadian variations shifted about half a day when the rats were fed in the daytime, but the amplitude of the rhythm did not change. PMID- 1225911 TI - A simple rapid separation of C1-esterase using an immunoadsorbent column. AB - An immunoadsorbent-antibody (egg albumin-Sepharose-antibody) column was found to be suitable for the rapid separation of C1-esterase from normal human serum. About 1.54 mg of C1-esterase, with a specific activity of 447 units/mg was obtained in voer 80% yield from the 20 ml of human serum. PMID- 1225912 TI - Studies on the substrate specificity of Taka-amylase A. XII. Investigation of the active site of Taka-amylase A by examining the properties of p-phenylazobenzoyl Taka-amylase A. AB - 1. When p-phenylazobenzoyl Taka-amylase A (PhAB-TAA) was incubated at pH 6.5 with hydroxylamine for 3 hr at 20degrees, some of the p-phenylazobenzoyl residues that had been introduced into Taka-amylase A (TAA) [1, 4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1, Aspergillus oryzae] were liberated as a hydroxamic acid, and the activity pattern of PhAB-TAA changed to that of intact TAA. This result suggested that the p-phenylazobenzoyl residues liberated had been bound to the tyrosyl residue located near the active site in the enzyme. 2. The transferase action of TAA or PhAB-TAA was studied using phenyl alpha-maltoside as a substrate and maltotritol as an acceptor. Unlike intact TAA, PhAB-TAA was not able to transfer the maltose residue to maltotritol, and this suggested that the p-phenylazobenzoyl residue was located near one of the aglycone-binding subsites, causing steric hindrance. PMID- 1225913 TI - Viscosity and molecular weight of hyaluronic acids. AB - The intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) and the molecular weight (M) by sedimentation equilibrium were determined for hyaluronic acids of low (M=104--7.2X10(4)) and high (M=3.1X10(5)--1.5X10(6)) molecular weights. Double logarithmic plot of [eta] against M gave different lines for the two groups. The relationship between [eta] and M was [eta]=3.0X10(6)XM1,20 for the former and [eta]=5.7X10(-4)XM0.46 for the latter group. The molecular weight at the point of intersection of the two lines was about 1.5X10(5). The rheological behavior of the hyaluronic acids below M=2.1X10(4), for which the value of reduced viscosity was independent of concentration, was different from that of the hyaluronic acids above M=5.1X10(4), for which the value of reduced viscosity increased with concentration. PMID- 1225914 TI - Studies on the substrate-induced spectral change of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes. AB - The spectral changes of cytochrome P-450 caused by the addition of small molecules to liver microsomes were investigated precisely and the following conclusions were reached. 1. The Type I spectral change was entirely due to the interaction of the cytochrome with a hydrocarbon residue in a ligand. To induce the modified Type II spectral change, the presence of a hydroxyl group in a ligand was required. Compounds which contain a basic amino group induced the Type II spectral change. 2. The Type I spectral change was caused by the interaction of a ligand with the 419-nm form of cytochrome P-450, with its concomitant conversion to the 394-nm form. Whereas, compounds inducing modified Type II spectral change interacted with the 394nm form of the cytochrome. In this case, however, the 394-nm form was not converted back to the 419-nm form but was converted to a new state showing an absorption peak at 416 nm. The Type II spectral change-inducing interaction of a ligand with the cytochrome could occur with all forms of the cytochrome. 3. Both Type II and modified Type II compounds bound to the cytochrome at heme iron, and converted the cytochrome into modified ferrihemochromes. On the other hand, the Type I interaction occurred ina protein moiety of the cytochrome, and probably caused a conformational change of the cytochrome accompanied either by weakening of the internal ligand interaction or by displacement of the ligand with another one having a weaker field at the heme iron. 4. Type I and each of other two types of binding of compounds with cytochrome P-450 could occur simultaneously. PMID- 1225915 TI - Isolation of L-dynurenine 3-hydroxylase from the mitochondrial outer membrane of rat liver. AB - Outer membrane preparations of rat liver mitochondria were isolated, after the mitochondria had been prepared by mild digitonin treatment under isotonic conditions. L-Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase [EC 1.14.13.9] was solubilized on a large scale from outer membrane by mixing with 1% digitonin or 1% Triton X-100, followed by fractionation into a minor fraction I and a major fraction II by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The distribution of total L-Dynurenine 3 hydroxylase was roughly 20 and 80% in fraction I and II, respectively. Fraction I consisted of crude enzyme loosely bound to anion exchanger. In the present investigation, fraction I was not used because of its low activity and rapid inactivation. In contrast, fraction II consisted of crude enzyme with high activity, excluded from DEAE-cellulose column chromatography in the presence of 1 M KC1. In addition, fraction II was purified by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography with linear gradient elution, adding 1 M KC1 and 1% Triton X-100 to 0.05 M Tris-acetate buffer, pH 8.1. After isoelectric focusing, the purified enzyme preparation was proved to be homogeneous, since the L-kynurenine 3-hydroxylase fraction gave a single band on disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be approximately 200,000 or more by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and from the elution pattern on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. A 16-Fold increase of the enzyme activity was obtained compared with that of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was determined to be pH 5.4 by Ampholine isoelectric focusing. PMID- 1225916 TI - Inhibition of 6-methylsalicyclic acid synthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin. AB - Cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of beta-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) synthetase [EC 2.3.1.41] and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase [EC 4.1.3.5], was studied to determine whether it inhibits 6-methylsalicylic acid synthesis, in which so-called "polyketide" formation, a condensation step similar to that in fatty acid synthesis, is involved. In fact, 100 mug/ml (4.5 X 10(-4) M) of cerulenin inhibited 60% of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthetase activity and 68% of fatty acid synthetase activity of Penicillium urticae. PMID- 1225917 TI - Amino acid composition and physiochemical characterization of chondroitinase from Arthrobacter aurescens. AB - The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of chondroitinase AC [EC 4.2.2.5] from Arthrobacter aurescens were determined, and its physicochemical properties were examined. 1. The enzyme has been shown to be a glycoprotein containing mannose, glucose, glucosamine, and glucuronic acid (3:5:4:2). 2. Its molecular wieght was estimated to be 76,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, 75,000 80,000 by SDS disc electrophoresis, and 75,800 by sedimentation veolcity. No subunits were detected in the molecule. 3. The physicochemical properties determined include: sedimentation coefficient (s(o)20, w=5.14 S), diffusion constant (D(o)=6.09 X 10(-7) cm2/sec), frictional ratio (f:f(o)=1.19) and apparent partial specific volume (v=0.73 ml/g). 4. The optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism of the enzyme were investigated. The contents of alpha-helix and beta-structure of the enzyme were estimated to be 16 and 25%, respectively. PMID- 1225918 TI - Inhibition of alpha-glucan phosphorylase by alpha-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride. AB - Alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl fluoride was found to inhibit strongly the action of alpha glucan phosphorylase b[EC 2.4.1.1] from rabbit muscle, and that of the enzyme from potato tubers rather weakly. The inhibition is highly specific, being competitive with respect to glucose 1-phosphate and noncompetitive with respect to polysaccharide, during polysaccharide synthesis. In the reverse process, it is competitive with respect to Pi. These results have been explained by assuming that the inhibitor binds to the glucose 1-phosphate site of the enzyme, occupying both subsites which normally bind the glucosyl and phosphate moities of the substrate, but does not directly interact with the polysaccharide site. Based on this assumption, the dissociation constants of the enzyme-inhibitor and enzyme polysaccharide-inhibitor complexes have been evaluated (0.43 and 0.20 mM for the muscle enzyme, respectively; 24 and 23 mM for the potato enzyme, respectively). Glucosyl fluoride also acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to AMP. A high concentration of AMP causes an inhibitory effect on the action of the muscle enzyme, the effect being menifested in the presence of glucosyl fluoride. PMID- 1225919 TI - Enzymic hydrolysis of di-D-fructofuranose 1, 2'; 2, 3' dianhydride with Arthrobacter ureafaciens. AB - Enzymic hydrolysis of di-D-fructofuranose 1, 2'; 2, 3' dianhydride with the bacteria Arthrobacter ureafaciens was studied to elucidate its mechanism. Hydrolysis of the difructose dianhydride to D-fructose, which did not occur with yeast invertase [EC 3.2.1.26], was found to occur on incubation with an enzyme preparation from an autolysate of the above bacteria. However, incubation with enzyme which had been treated at 60 degrees for 30 min yielded an intermediate hydrolysis product. The product isolated was found to be inulobiose and to be hydrolyzed to D-fructose by the original enzyme, as well as by yeast invertase. It was thus shown that the hydrolysis of the difructose dianhydride to D-fructose with the crude enzyme took place not in a single step but in two separate steps at 2, 3' and 1, 2' linkages. It was not determined whether the entire process is mediated by one and the same beta-fructofuranosidase or by different enzymes. PMID- 1225920 TI - Blood group A activities of glycoprotein and glycolipid from human erythrocyte membranes. AB - It is known that ABO blood group substances in human erythrocyte membranes are sphingoglycolipids, but recently several authors have reported that the glycoproteins of the erythrocyte membranes also have ABO blood group activities in addition to MN blood group activities and virus hemagglutination inhibitor activity. We solubilized blood group A erythrocyte membranes with lithium diiodosalicylate and separated the glycoprotein fraction by phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation. This fraction was apparently not contaminated with glycolipid, but it showed weak blood group A activity. The activity of the glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membranes was one-sixth of that of the lgycolipid fraction from the same amount of membranes. The glycoprotein components were purified by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration in SDS. The main component isolated, PAS 1, still showed blood A activity. PMID- 1225921 TI - A polysome-membrane binding system from rat liver. I. Basic characterization of the binding system. AB - A simple reaction system was developed to examine the binding of polysomes to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and to investigate the fate of ribosomes and nascent chains during protein synthesis in vitro. The system conssited of Sephadex G-25 treated post-mitochondrial fraction prepared from rat liver (Sephadex-PM) as a source of membranes, and radioactive free polysomes prepared from another rat liver. The following results were obtained. 1. Nascent chains on free polysomes labeled in vivo were transferred to membranes in vitro. The process required protein synthesis. 2. This reaction occurred in two steps: a) Binding of the free polysomes to membranes in the absence of protein synthesis. b) Release of ribosomes, leaving nascent chains on the membranes, requiring protein syntehsis. 3. A portion of the ribosomes found on membranes in vivi (membrane-bound ribosomes) was also released from the membranes during incubation in vitro, leaving their nascent chains on the membranes. The significance of the transfer of nascent chains from free polysomes to membranes in vitro is discussed in the light of known polysome-membrane interaction in vivo. PMID- 1225922 TI - On the activation of bovine plasma factor XIII. Amino acid sequence of the peptide released by thrombin and the terminal residues of the subunit polypeptides. AB - A blood coagulation factor, Factor XIII, was highly purified from bovine fresh plasma by a method similar to those used for human plasma Factor XIII. The isolated Factor XIII consisted of two subunit polypeptides, a and b chains, with molecular weights of 79,000 +/- 2,000 and 75,000 +/- 2,000, respectively. In the conversion of Factor XIII to the active enzyme, Factor XIIIa, by bovine thrombin [EC 3.4.21.5], a peptide was liberated. This peptide, designated tentatively as "activation peptide," was isolated by gel-filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. It contained a total of 37 amino acid residues with a masked N-terminal residue and C-terminal arginine. The whole amino acid sequence of "Activation peptide" was established by the dansyl-Edman method and standard enzymatic techniques, and the masked N-terminal residue was identified as N-acetylserine by using a rat liver acylamino acid-releasing enzyme. This enzyme specifically cleaved the N acetylserylglutamyl peptide bond serine and the remaining peptide, which was now reactive to 1-dimethylamino-naphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride. A comparison of the sequences of human and bovine "Activation peptide" revealed five amino acids replacements, Ser-3 to Thr; Gly-5 to Arg; Ile-14 to Val; Thr-18 to Asn, and Pro 26 to Leu. Another difference was the deletion of Leu-34 in the human peptide. Adsorption chromatography on a hydroxylapatite column in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate was developed as a preparative procedure for the resolution of the two subunit polypeptides, a or a' chain and b chain, constituting the protein molecule of Factor XIII or Factor XIIIa. End group analyses on the isolated pure chains revealed that the structural change of Factor XIII during activation with thrombin occurs only in the N-terminal portion of the a chain, not in the N-terminal end of the b chain or in the C-terminal ends of the a and b chains. From these results, it was concluded that the activation of bovine plasma Factor XIII by thrombin must be accompanied by a limited proteolysis of the arginyl-glycyl bond located in the N-terminal region of the a chain, liberating the "Activation peptide." The possibility of activating Factor XII with other porteinases was examined using Factor Xa [EC 3.4.21.6], Factor XIIa, kallikreins [EC 3.4.21.8], urokinase [EC 3.4.99.26], trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4], ficin [EC 3.4.22.3], papain [EC 3.4.22.2], and bromelain [EC 3.4.22.4]. Among these enzymes, only bromelain and trypsin showed clear activating effects. PMID- 1225923 TI - Retarding effect of dodecyl alcohol on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of SDS micelles and SDS-protein polypeptide complexes. AB - Micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are significantly retarded by the addition of a small amount of dodecyl alcohol to a sample solution in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The phenomenon can be ascribed to the decrease in charge density due to the incorporation of dodecyl alcohol into SDS micelles. The effect is extended to SDS-protein polypeptide complexes when the amount of SDS micelles is insufficient to accomodate the dodecyl alcohol. A similar effect is likely to occur when SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is applied to a sample containing lipophilic materials. PMID- 1225924 TI - Tryptic peptides from the beta polypeptide chain of AII component of chicken hemoglobin. AB - The aminoethylated beta polypeptide chain in AII component from the hemoglobin of adult chicken was digested with trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] and the resulting peptides were separated and purified by ion exchange chromatography, paper chromatography, and gel filtration. Eighteen tryptic peptides, which were nonoverlapping, accounted for all of the amino acid residues in the beta polypeptide chain. The amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides were established by a combination of enzymatic digestion and subtractive Edman degradation. PMID- 1225925 TI - Degradation of rod outer segment proteins by cathepsin D. AB - The degradation of proteins of the rod outer segment (ROS) fraction by partially purified cathepsin D [EC 3.4.23.5] from the retinal pigment epithelium was studied. The ROS fraction, prepared from bovine eyes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, had little cathepsin D activity. Partially purified cathepsin D, obtained from crude extract of bovine retinal pigment epithelium using bovine serum albumin as a substrate, hydrolyzed the porteine of the ROS fraction. The rate of degradation of ROS proteins was proportional to both the enzyme concentration and the incubation time. With ROS proteins as substrate, the optimal pH of cathepsin D was about 3.5. The degradation of ROS proteins was inhibited by pepstatin. PMID- 1225926 TI - Modification of the gas-liquid chromatography procedure and evaluation of a new column packing material for the identification of anaerobic bacteria. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography has become a useful aid for the identification of anaerobic bacteria in the clinical laboratory. When many extracted samples are to be analyzed, time is of prime importance. By altering the operating conditions of the chromatograph, we have decreased the total elution time of the volatile fatty acids examined to approximately 12 min. There is, however, a decrease in the ability to resolve propionic and isobutyric acids. A new column packing material, SP-1220 (Supelco), was found to give excellent separation of propionic and isobutyric acids as well as demonstrating the presence of formic acid which was not seen with the previously used Resoflex. Extracts of clinical isolates of anaerobic organisms were processed using the altered conditions and new column packing material with excellent resolution of all acids. The use of SP-1220 in the clinical laboratory will facilitate the identification of anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 1225927 TI - Uracil and pyruvate requirements of anaerobic growth of staphylococci. AB - Sixty-six strains of staphylococci recently isolated from human skin and identified as members of the three recognized species of staphylococci, and 21 stock strains representing most of the Baird-Parker subgroups of staphylococci and micrococci were studied. All 16 skin strains of Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated weak to moderate anaerobic growth in the basal medium, growth stimulation by either uracil or pyruvate, and best growth when both were added. The 20 skin strains of S. epidermidis responded similarly to S. aureus but with a tendency toward heavier growth. The 28 isolates of S. saprophyticus generally gave little or no growth in the basal medium, no increase due to pyruvate alone, a weak response to uracil alone, and, with three exceptions, gave moderate to good growth when both supplements were present. The Baird-Parker strains from subgroups S-II and S-III responded like S. epidermidis; those from subgroups S-V, S-VI, M-1, M-2, M-3, and M-6 generally responded like S. saprophyticus; and those from subgroups M-4 and M-5 failed to grow anaerobically in all media. PMID- 1225928 TI - A scheme for the identification of thermophilic actinomycetes associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - A scheme has been developed for the identification of thermophilic actinomycetes associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eighty strains, 10 Micropolyspora faeni, 6 Saccharomonospora viridis, 52 Thermoactinomyces candidus, 7 T. vulgaris, 4 T. sacchari, and 1 T. dichotomica, either isolated from patients' environment or received as authentic strains, were studied. In addition to the cultural and microscopic morphology in various media, each strain was subjected to an array of biochemical tests. These tests included decomposition of tyrosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, gelatin, casein, esculin, and arbutin. Using a rapid thin-layer chromatography method, the isomer of diaminopimelic acid and sugar in the whole cell hydrolysate were studied. The thermophilic actinomycetes can be identified in a reasonable period of time using a combination of all these tests. PMID- 1225929 TI - Wound infection by Prototheca wickerhamii, a saprophytic alga pathogenic for man. AB - Biopsy of a wound infection of the palmar fascia in a young diabetic woman revealed characteristic periodic acid-Schiff-positive Prototheca species cells with a rosette configuration and internal septation. Prototheca wickerhamii was cultured repeatedly from the wound drainage and the biopsy tissue. Several diagnostic features distinguishing Prototheca species, saprophytic algae, from yeasts are: the formation of endospores by mitosis; greater variation in cell size (2 to 15 mum); the presence of cytoplasmic granules, particularly in old cultures; and the absence of budding forms and pseudomycelia. The organism was resistant to 5-fluorocytosine and the minimal inhibitory concentration of amphotericin B was 12.5 mug/ml. With the exception of the tetracycline group, all other 16 antibacterial agents tested appeared completely ineffective in vitro. A synergism between amphotericin B and tetracycline was clearly demonstrated by the use of the checkerboard method. Infection by Prototheca species may be more common than presently realized due to the common expedient of identifying yeast like isolates as "yeast--not Candida albicans." PMID- 1225930 TI - A space-saving media table. AB - A space-saving media table designed to facilitate pouring large quantities of plated media in a small area is described. PMID- 1225931 TI - Evaluation of Aspergillus differential medium. AB - The new Aspergillus differential medium distinguishes effectively between members of the Aspergillus flavus group and other Aspergillus species of interest in medical mycology. PMID- 1225932 TI - Comparison of the reversed passive hemagglutination with radioimmunoassay methods for hepatitis B antigen. AB - Radioimmunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B antigen has been accepted in many diagnostic laboratories now. The question of nonspecific positives has always been a matter of controversy. Two improved radioimmunoassay tests, namely Ausria II-125 by Abbott Laboratories and a radioimmunoassay method by Connaught Laboratories Limited (Hebria), were compared with the original Ausria 125I. Included in the comparison was the reversed passive hemagglutination test (Auscell, Abbott). Five hundred sera of clinical patients were tested. Fifty-five or 11% were found to have hepatitis B antigen. Three tests, Ausria 125I, Ausria II-125, and Hebria showed the same number of positive sera, whereas Auscell missed one. However, Ausria 125I indicated two additional false positives. Dilution experiments, however, indicated that Ausria II-125 and Hebria were the most sensitive tests, with the reversed passive hemaglutination showing the least sensitivity. Therefore, the new Ausria II-125 and the Hebria radioimmunoassay tests are preferable in view of their sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 1225933 TI - Lichen striatus: a model for the histologic spectrum of lichenoid reactions. AB - Three phases of lichenoid reactions are defined: 1) the primary phase, 2) the established phase; and 3) the senescent phase. Lichen striatus is characterized by a primary pattern that may be apparent in the epidermis, the hair follicles, and rarely the sweat glands and ducts. Focal areas of established lichenoid reaction, that are indistinguishable from lichen planus, are common. They usually are confined to the tips of elongated rete ridges. Established lichenoid patterns are occasionally present in hair follicles and are indistinguishable from those seen in lichen planopilaris. Eccrine hidradenitis, a feature of lichen striatus, is rarely seen in lichen planus. Lichen planus may be an adaptive epidermal response to a clone of aggressive lymphocytes and, as such, may be a manifestation of auto-immunity. In lichen striatus, senescent lichenoid patterns resemble those seen in lichen nitidus. PMID- 1225934 TI - Recalcitrant pustular eruptions of the extremities. AB - Forty-seven biopsies of pustules from patients with recalcitrant pustular eruptions of the palms and soles were examined blind and the results were subsequently compared among three clinical sub-groups: acrodermatitis continua, pustular psoriasis and pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. With the exception of three cases, it was not possible to make a diagnosis of psoriasis on the basis of histology alone. Histological findings were otherwise uniform and typical: intra epidermal, unilocular, well-delineated pustules. No significant differences were found among the three subgroups. In view of the uniform histology, the unknown etiology and the uncertain clinical classification, the authors prefer the clearly descriptive term pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. PMID- 1225935 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: an electron microscopic study. AB - The ultrastructural changes in seven cases of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus are described. An interesting epidermal alteration was the presence of collagen fibrils in the intercellular space; furthermore, the basal cells were altered by condensation and homogenization of the tonofibrils. The basement membrane was not uniform and often multilayered. The anchoring fibrils were numerous. In the cutis intertwining strands of fine filaments, bundles of immature collagen and normal collagen could be found. In lichen sclerosus et atrophicus the dermo-epidermal interrelationship is disturbed. PMID- 1225936 TI - Modulation of dermal cell activity during hair growth in the rat. AB - Interaction between connective tissue cells and hair growth in the rat has been studied by radioautography after in vivo and in vitro pulse labelling with thymidine, uridine, histidine, leucine and proline. The connective tissue, which surrounds and integrates the hair bulbs as a unit, contains cells of various types which have a cyclic metabolic activity. This cyclic activity is coordinated with the hair growth cycle. The number of nuclei which actively synthesize DNA in the dermal cells, mainly those of endothelial and migratory cells, significantly increases during the short and transient anagen 4 substage. RNA and protein synthesizing activities are also present in all cell types and seem modulated by the hair cycle although to a lesser degree. This data provides an important basis for the interpretation of similar studies in alopecia areata. PMID- 1225937 TI - An electron microscope study of Darier's disease. AB - An electron microscope investigation was performed on cutaneous biopsies from four patients with Darier's disease. Suprabasal lacunae with acantholytic cells a prominent feature. Basal cells and acantholytic cells showed an increase in tonofilaments. Corps ronds appeared as vacuolated cells. PMID- 1225938 TI - Darier's disease. PMID- 1225939 TI - The effect of alpha and beta adrenergic receptor stimulation on the adenylate cyclase activity of human adipocytes. AB - The effects of the mixed agonist epinephrine and the beta agonist isoproterenol, each alone and in combination with the alpha adrenergic blocker phentolamine and the beta blocker propranolol on the adenylate cyclase activity of human adipocyte membrane fragments were determined in a calcium free buffer. Neither phentolamine (10 muM) nor propranolol (32 muM) affected basal adenylate cyclase activity. Epinephrine (10 muM) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and this effect was slightly enhanced by phentolamine. The combination of epinephrine plus propranolol depressed adenylate cyclase below the basal level. Isoproterenol (10 muM) markedly stimulated adenylate cyclase; the addition of phentolamine caused an equivocal further increase while the addition of propranolol depressed adenylate cyclase activity to, but not below, the basal level. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that human adipocytes have both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and that these receptors are associated with the cell membrane adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 1225941 TI - Perceptual processing in dichotic listening. AB - Subjects heard two lists of 4 items each presented simultaneously to the two ears at a rate of four pairs of items per sec. A recall cue presented immediately after the test list signalled report of 4 of the 8 items. In recall by spatial location, the cue indicated whether the items on the right ear on left ear should be recalled. In recall by category name, the cue indicated the superset category (e.g., letters or words) of the items to be recalled. Recall by spatial location was not significantly different than recall by category name. This results argues against the idea of a preperceptual auditory storage that holds information along spatial channels for 1 or 2 sec. The final experiment showed that recall by spatial location is significantly better than recall by category name when the report cue is given before, not after, the list presentation. These results show that spatial location can be used to enhance semantic processing and/or memory of 1 of 2 simultaneous items, but only if the relevant location is known at the time of the item presentation. PMID- 1225940 TI - The effect of divalent cations on bovine spermatozoal adenylate cyclase activity. AB - The effect of divalent cations on bovine sperm adenylate cyclase activity was studied. Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were found to satisfy the divalent cation requirement for catalysis of the bovine sperm adenylate cyclase. These divalent cations in excess of the amount necessary for the formation of the metal ATP substrate complex were found to stimulate the enzyme activity to various degrees. The magnitude of stimulation at saturating concentrations of the divalent cations was strikingly greater with M2+ than with either Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ or Co2+. The apparent Km was lowest for Zm2+ (0.1 - 0.2 mM) than for any of the other divalent cations tested (1.2 - 2.3 mM). The enzyme stimulation by Mn2+ was decreased by the simultaneous addition of Co2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and particularly Zn2+ and Cu2+. The antagonism between Mn2+ and Cu2+ or Zn2+ appeared to have both competitive and non-competitive features. The inhibitory effect of Cu2+ on Mn2+-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was prevented by 2,3 dimercaptopropanol, but not by dithiothreitol, L-ergothioneine, EDTA, EGTA or D penicillamine. Ca2+ at concentrations of 1-5 mM was found to act synergistically with Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ in stimulating sperm adenylate cyclase activity. The Ca2+ augmentation of the stimulatory effect of Zn2+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ appeared to be specific. PMID- 1225942 TI - Order information in dichotic memory. AB - Three experiments were performed using a recognition probe procedure to test the subject's recognition of the order of two items from a dichotically presented list. In all three experiments subjects were unable to recognize simultaneous items as having been simultaneous unless the critical pair was the last pair in the list. In contrast, they were able to identify the order of items not originally presented simultaneously at better than a chance level. Performance did not differ as a function of whether the two critical items were presented to the same or different ears. The data were interpreted as indicating that subjects divide attention between competing inputs in the dichotic memory task and that the eary-by-ear order of report is a result of the format in which the items are stored. PMID- 1225943 TI - Electron microscopic study on the lens of riboflavin-deficient albino rat. AB - Although cataract was recognized as a typical symptom of ariboflavinosis soon after the discovery of riboflavin, some reports appeared thereafter which denied its occurrence. In the present study electron microscopic examination of the lens of rat fed on synthetic riboflavin-deficient diet revealed swelling degeneration of mitochondria and vacuolation of cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the lens. These changes are similar to those observed in the initial period of cataract caused by other agents. PMID- 1225944 TI - The influence of thiamine deficiency on porphyrin synthesis and porphyrin proteins. AB - 1. Studies carried out in cell-free rat-liver extracts showed an inhibitory effect of thiamine deficiency on porphyrin synthesis. 2. Extracts of normal and thiamine-deficient rat livers were incubated with the cofactors and substrates of the thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme, 2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate carboligase. There was a marked inhibition of porphyrin synthesis when the substances were added either individually or together. 3. Thiamine deficiency resulted in a decrease of haemoglobin concentration and catalase activity whereas a rise in tryptophanpyrrolase activity and cytochrome b5 and P450 concentration was observed. PMID- 1225946 TI - Effects of dietary protein level on the energy metabolism of rats during exercise. AB - The experiments were designed to study the effects of exercise of various intensities in albino rats fed diets containing 8 per cent or 20 per cent casein. Male rats about 7 weeks old were divided into exercise groups and control (non exercise) groups. The exercise groups were forced to run 57 km or 76 km in total during a 28-day period. The oxygen uptake of rats was measured in order to study the influence of exercise on energy metabolism of rats and the effects of training. Body weight and food intake were also measured. 1. In all exercise groups the total amount of food intake and body weight gain during the exercise period were smaller than those of the control groups, regardless of the protein levels of the diets. but while the rats were kept at rest after the exercise period, the food intake and body weight of these groups increased and approached those of the control groups. 2. No difference in resting metabolism was observed both in the 8 per cent and 20 per cent casein groups. At lower speeds up to 1.5 km/hr the 8 per cent casein group indicated lower oxygen requirement during the exercise but at speeds higher than 2.0 km/hr the oxygen requirement was definitely higher than that of the 20 per cent casein group. The estimated optimum speed for rats weighing 300 g on the average is somewhere between 1.5 and 2.0 km/hr is calculated on the basis of oxygen requirement for running 100 m. 3. The obvious effects of training on oxygen uptake were seen in the 20 per cent casein group after four weeks' training, although no effect was found in the 8 per cent casein group. PMID- 1225945 TI - Several properties of the partially purified proteinase inhibitor in eggplant exocarp. AB - A proteinase inhibitor was isolated and partially purified from the exocarp of eggplant, Solanum melongena L., by means of acetate buffer extraction, heat treatment, salting-out and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. This preparation showed inhibitory activities on various proteinases; trypsin [EC 3.4.4.4] and Pronase were strongly inhibited while alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.4.5] and Nagarse were weakly inhibited. The inhibitor was a protein substance, and, therefore, it was gradually inactivated by the long-time incubation with Pronase. The inhibition mode was non-competitive on trypsin and competitive on Pronase on the basis of Lineweaver-Burk plots. The investigations on the inhibition behavior in the co-existence of two kinds of proteinases suggested that the inhibitor was not of multi-headed type. PMID- 1225947 TI - The uptake of thiamine and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) by isolated guinea pig atria. PMID- 1225948 TI - The subependymal plate and the genesis of gliomas. AB - A case of experimentally induced glioma in the rat is described, whose origin is clearly linked with hyperplasia of the subependymal plate. PMID- 1225949 TI - An analysis of the effect of ischaemia on testicular ultrastructure. AB - Permanent ischaemia of the rat testis results in the formation of fusion multinucleate cells and macrophages from cells of the innermost cellular layer, in the ischaemic testis. The macrophages are replaced by fibroblasts after 25 days of ischaemia. Similar changes are visible in the contralateral testis which also demonstrates the evolution of multinucleate spermatids by karyokinesis without cytokinesis. Binucleate spermatids and double-headed spermatozoa have only one acrosome, and spermatozoa with two middle pieces are enveloped by a single cytoplasm. The sequential ultrastructural changes following ischaemia are described and it is suggested that cells of the inner cellular layer can alter their characteristics according to demand. PMID- 1225950 TI - The fine structure of the reticulum cells in lymph-nodes from cyclophosphamide treated thymectomised mice. AB - In mice depleted of lymphocytes by thymectomy and cyclophosphamide treatment the popliteal lymph nodes showed macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and a heterogeneous group of cells here described as reticulum cells. Some of these both within and outside the germinal centres had fine long processes, i.e., were dendritic, and some had deep cytoplasmic invagination. Interdigitating cells were not a feature of the nodes and there was little evidence of migration of cells through post-capillary venules. PMID- 1225951 TI - Fibrosis of the conducting tissue in infancy. AB - The conducting tissue of the heart was studied in a group of 38 cases of the sudden infant death syndrome and in a control group of 28 children dying of known causes. A variable amount of fibrous tissue was found in the atrioventricular complex in almost every case. There was a statistically significant increase in fibrous tissue with age in both groups and there was also significantly more fibrosis in the sudden infant death group compared with the controls. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed and it is suggested that the results might be of aetiological significance in the sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 1225952 TI - The ultrastructure of organising experimental mural thrombi in the pig aorta. AB - This ultrastructural study of experimentally produced mural thrombi in the pig aorta has shown that at 3 days there are, amongst the other constituents, two distinct cell populations, macrophages and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Over the subsequent 2 wk the mesenchymal cells, which appear to be homogeneous initially throughout the thrombus, gradually differentiate on the surface to form an endothelial lining, in the superficial layers to form myointimal cells and ultimately smooth muscle and, in the deeper layers, to form new capillaries which join with endothelial lined clefts from the surface. The morphological evidence supports the postulate that the early stage of organisation of a mural thrombus in effected by pluripotent precursor cells from the circulating blood. The new endothelium, myointimal cells, capillaries, intimal smooth muscle and the extracellular tissues characteristic of an organising thrombus all appear to derive from this common source. In this study we saw no evidence to suggest that, at this stage, there was a contribution from the cells native to the vessel wall which, however, may be involved in the later stages of organisation. PMID- 1225954 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra. AB - Three cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra are presented. The tumour in the first case was associated with urethritis glandularis and is thought to arise from previous glandular metaplasia of the urethral mucosa. The tumour in the second case resembled the clear-cell carcinomas of the lower female genital tract and is thought to be of embryonic rest origin. The tumour in the third case is thought to arise from the paraurethral glands. PMID- 1225953 TI - Chronic gastritis--a simple classification. AB - Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from 241 patients with examined. Chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration of the gastric mucosa was found in 181 patients and this graded as mild, moderate or severe. The presence or absence of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia was noted. True superficial gastritis was observed in only three cases. PMID- 1225955 TI - Neonatal hypoglycemia. PMID- 1225956 TI - Some remarks concerning the fetal heart rate total dip areas. AB - It was ascertained whether the sum total of the dip areas 60 minutes prior to delivery is an evaluating parameter for judging the fetal state. The cardiotokograms of 62 deliveries with a normal newborn state (newborn index 1) and forty with a pathological newborn state (newborn index 2 and 3) were digitally computer [5]. By proper programming numerous decriptive dip parameter can be determined, e.g. the amplitude, duration, area, lag time, recovery time, fluctuation before, within, and after the dip. The sum total of the dip areas was calculated from the CTG 60 minutes before delivery. Only cardiotokograms with at least two decelerations were included. The pathological newborn group has a larger mean sum total of dip areas than the group with a normal index (Fig. 1). This difference, however, is not significant. Mean values were calculated for other descriptive parameters, e. g. dip fluctuations, lag time, dip amplitude etc. These also differ only slightly between the two groups. (Fig 2). Hence they give no satisfactory decription of the fetal state. By including several dip parameters simultaneously [7] an evaluating parameter can be determined for both decelerations. The various descriptive parameter are given different weights and are added up (discrimination analysis). In analogy to the sum total of the dip areas the sum total of the evaluating parameters was calculated. The difference between the two groups with respect to these evaluating parameter sums is significant. (Fig. 3). The sum of total dip areas alone does not appear to be a sufficient FHR parameter for evaluating the fetal state. Evaluation is significantly improved by considering simultaneously several descriptive parameters. PMID- 1225957 TI - Smoking during pregnancy and placental weight: a multivariate analysis on 3759 cases. AB - The analysis of a survey of 3759 births shows that the difference in placental weight between smokers and nonsmokers is, if not nil, at least minimal, and that is definitely less than might be expected taking birth weight and other factors into consideration in a multivariate analysis (Tab. II). The distortion between the fetal and placental weights, which are very closely correlated, assigns to smoking a peculiar place among the factors influencing these two weights, a result which may lead to various interpretations. PMID- 1225958 TI - Individual correction of birth weight for parental stature with special reference to small-for-date and large-for-date infants. AB - The aim of the present paper is to determine how parental stature measurements should be used to "correct" birth weight in order to improve the diagnosis of small or big-for dateness. A first approach, based on the pattern of coefficients of correlation between maternal and paternal weight and height, and birth weight (Tab. I), may be criticized for two reasons: 1) it does not take into account the possible variations of this pattern of correlations from one subcategory (for instance of age) of the sample to another and ii) it makes no difference between "genetic" and "environmental" components of parental influence on birth weight. A second approach takes into account the variations of parental stature measurements, of birth weight and of the pattern of correlations according to mother's age (Tabs. II and III). Briefly: The correlation between birth weight and mother's weight increases, the correlation between birth weight and father's weight decreases when mother's age increases (except for mother's older than 34), and these coefficents have the same value in the youngest group (mothers less than 21). These observations are consistent with the hypothesis of the predominance of the "genetic" component in the youngest group, which leads to the establishment of the coefficients to apply to each parental stature measurement by means of a multiple regression analysis carried out on this only group (Tab. IV). For the whole population, the correction must finally be calculated using the weights of parents at 20 years (or, if unknown, an approximate value). The correction is about ten grams per kilogram of mother's and eight grams per kilogramm of father's weight deviations from the mean values of the population to which they belong. PMID- 1225959 TI - An endocrine model for the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation as demonstrated by the determination of total estrogen and pregnandiol 24-hour urinary excretion in 222 at risk pregnancies. AB - A reliable method for surveillance of chronic impairment of nutritive placental function is described. The techniques are simple, tested for their reliability, without need for isotopes or special apparatus and hence inexpensive. Using 222 pregnancies at risk it is shown that the simultaneous determination of a fetal (estrogen) and a placental (pregnandiol) parameter makes the early diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation possible. Estrogen diagnosis alone has a reliability of 90.1% with 1.8% falsely pathological and 8.1% falsely normal findings (Tab. I). Simultaneous pregnandiol determinations increase the number of falsely pathological findings to 8.1% but reduce that of falsely normal ones to 2.7%. No small for date (SGA) infants are found here. It consists of 5 cases of imminent (3 times actual) premature delivery and one postmature one. Hence our technique indicates the risk of intrauterine growth retardation in all cases but not the risk of premature or postmature delivery. Early diagnosis (from week 20) indicates that impairment of placental function as indicated by decreased pregnandiol excretion, occurs weeks or months earlier than decreased estrogen excretion (Fig. 1). This can be explained only by assuming that the rate of estrogen excretion is usually not dependent on the placenta but on the capacity of the fetal adrenals and liver. Thus our results indirectly confirm those of others who claim that the fetus can synthetize estrogen precursors without the need for placental pregnenolon by using acetate. Thus it appears that the synthetic pathway is independent of the placenta at the beginning plays a quantitative role also. Since the placenta can form aromatic compounds even when its nutritive function is severely impaired, our finding is further proof that estrogen excretion reflects fetal and not fetoplacental well-being. It follows that pathological estrogen excretion indicates fetal injury that has already occurred. The requirement that a sensitive parameter of placental function be hence determined in time is met by pregnandiol assays. Low pregnandiol excretion often precedes low estrogen excretion which leads to a SGA infant, indicating that pregnandiol excretion is closely correlated to placental nutritive function. Synthetic reactions in the fetus require energy and hence depend on the placenta. Normal estrogen excretion frequently observed in the presence of prolonged decreased pregnandiol excretion must hence indicate that the fetus can compensate for placental insufficiency. In the placenta this can be demonstrated by hyperplasia of the capillaries. This is reflected in the undulating excretion of pregnandiol (Fig. 1), where compensation (new vessel formation) and depression (lesion of vessels) make these contradictory placental processes "visible". The functional unity of the fetus and the placenta is finally also demonstrated by the fact that each prolonged compensatory phase of the placenta is reponded to by the fetus with a clearly compensatory excretion of estrogen (Fig. 1)... PMID- 1225960 TI - Uterine hemodynamics and fetal response to vena caval occlusion in sheep. AB - The present experiments should show if vena caval occlusion (V. C. O.) results in a decrease in uterine blood flow and increase in uterine vascular resistance (UVR). We are further interested to know, if V. C. O. influences fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal blood pressure (BP). PMID- 1225961 TI - The measurement of fetal growth during pregnancy by ultra-sound (B-scan). AB - We have followed fetal growth by ultrasonographic B-scans. In addition to percentile curves of the biparietal skull diameter we have established percentile curves for measurements of the fetal trunk (sagittal thoracic diameter and length of trunk). The percentile curves for the biparietal diameter were obtained from 5400 individual measurements; the percentile curves for the trunk measurements utilized 1300 individual measurements. These cases were from almost entirely unselected material from our special prenatal clinic. This resulted in a larger variation than the percentile curves for biparietal diameter of other authors [Campbell and Newman]. However, these authors selected their material for "normal pregnancy" while we insured that neither "corrections" of the normal variation nor subjective criteria for exclusion have introduced a systematic error. The advantages of ultrasonography for monitoring of the pregnancy are self-evident: repeated examinations are possible, the examination takes little time, and the method is safe. The determination of the biparietal diameter for estimation of fetal development alone is insufficient because trunk measurements may indicate developmental disturbances (dystrophy and hypertrophy) before the growth of the biparietal diameter of the skull is affected. Furthermore, comparison of the fetal skull and trunk measurement may indicate errors in measurement or malformations (hydrocephalus, microcephalus). The following percentile curves are illustrated graphically: 1. Gestational age versus biparietal diameter (Fig. 1). 2. Biparietal diameter versus weeks of gestation (Fig. 2). 3. Length of gestation versus sagittal thoracic diameter (Fig. 3). 4. Length of gestation versus length of trunk (Fig. 4). 5. Sagittal thoracic diameter versus length of trunk (Fig. 5). PMID- 1225962 TI - Some observations of the luminal contents of the proximal vas segment in cases of vasectomy. PMID- 1225963 TI - Perinatal mortality in antepartum haemorrhage. PMID- 1225965 TI - Effect of food on erythrocyte sedimentation rate. PMID- 1225964 TI - Effect of food ingestion on certain clinically important biochemical investigations. PMID- 1225966 TI - Contraception in cardiac cases. PMID- 1225967 TI - Traumatic avulsion of hemidiaphragm. PMID- 1225968 TI - Retroperitoneal liposarcoma. A case report. PMID- 1225969 TI - Editorial: The cost of saving life. PMID- 1225970 TI - Letter: Gaps in the literature in London medical libraries. PMID- 1225971 TI - Editorial: Sterilization. PMID- 1225972 TI - Focus: current issues in medical ethics. Child sterilization. PMID- 1225973 TI - Homosexuality and the medical profession: a behaviourist's view. AB - That a homosexual -- man or woman -- is neither a sinner nor a sick person is the thesis of this paper by an authority on sexual deviation. Therefore, such a man or woman neither needs penance and pardon nor cure in the medical sense. Nevertheless such individuals sometimes need the help of doctors and must be treated with understanding. The medical profession also has, in the view of the behaviourist school of psychiatrists, of which Dr Bancroft is a member, the duty of influencing social attitudes towards homosexuals. Obviously homosexuals who come into conflict with the law are special cases, and must be treated as such but this is not 'medical' treatment so much as social control even if drugs and other forms of therapy are used. PMID- 1225974 TI - The teaching of medical ethics. AB - The following description of the situation in Maastricht in the Netherlands is unique as this is a new faculty of medicine and the opportunity has been taken to build the teaching of medical ethics into the curriculum from the start. PMID- 1225975 TI - A note on nursing ethics in the USA. AB - In this note on nursing ethics, Mr Martin Bunzl, a philosopher who is involved in seminars on medical ethics at his university, describes the ethical dilemmas of the nurse in the USA. He sets out the arguments to support the view that a nurse ought always to follow the orders of the physician and critically evaluates them both from an ethical and a legal standpoint. The practical implications of the view that a nurse's responsibility is to do what is in the best interests of patients are also discussed. PMID- 1225976 TI - Authority. PMID- 1225977 TI - Editorial: A false dichotomy? PMID- 1225978 TI - Initiation problems and time structuring in brief sex therapy. AB - The paradox of "spontaneous work" appears to be basic to therapeutic intervention in many sexual problems. One area where the paradox of spontaneity and effort is especially acute is that of initiating sexual activity. Numerous couples have initiation problems, whether or not a specific sexual dysfunction also exists. This paper explores the dynamics of initiation difficulties and elaborates a treatment technique that is already part of most approaches to brief sex therapy: time structuring, or scheduling of sexual homework sessions, in such a way as to relieve the anxiety associated with beginning sexual contact. PMID- 1225979 TI - Imagery, shaping, and orgasm. AB - Shaping is the gradual addition of more or different increments in the learning of complex skill or response pattern. As applied to imagery or fantasy during sexual activity, it provides another tool to be utilized by the therapist. Imagery is seen as a normal if not inevtiable covert level of the sexual response pattern. Careful inquiry will nearly always reveal imagery during masturbation which can be deliberately incorporated with intercourse. The effect of this procedure is to increase both excitatory and orgiastic capabilities. PMID- 1225980 TI - Group treatment of sexual dysfunction in men without partners. AB - This paper describes various group techniques used to treat sexually dysfunctional men who have no regular sex partners or whose partners are unwilling or unable to come for treatment. The relative effectiveness of two male co-leaders versus a male and female combination is also discussed. Preliminary results show that the program has been successful in achieving the goals of most of the members. Many of the men also reported favorable changes in nonsexual areas. Group treatment, therefore, does seem promising as a viable, relatively inexpensive, and efficient method of dealing with the sexual problems of men without available partners. PMID- 1225982 TI - Homosexuality--illness or life-style? AB - This paper addresses the issues of the labeling and selective discrimination of homosexuals. Psychiatry is encouraged to adhere to the medical model and treat the homosexual patient who is in conflict and motivated by inner turmoil and distress rather than assuming the job of society's regulator and the judge of acceptable behavior. The author discusses the concept of gender identity and presents evidence for the idea that homosexual behavior has its etiology in early child development. The cultural stigma of gender dysphorias is also discussed in detail as playing a sigificant role in the eventual character formation of an adult homosexual. PMID- 1225981 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of transvestites and transsexuals. AB - Transvestism and transsexualism are defined. The incidence of both as well as male versus female ratios are discussed. Etiology of each is considered. Psychotherapists can be used for proper diagnosis and couseling and, on occasion, for therapy for transvestites. Methods for this therapy are suggested. The need for establishing rapport is emphasized, and items to cover in a sex history are enumerated. Reality factors in sex changes are items that the therapist must grapple with. Factors that delineate differential diagnosis of transvestism and transsexualism are pointed out. Prevention of transsexualism in younger children is discussed. PMID- 1225983 TI - Dyspareunia. AB - Dyspareunia--painful intercourse--is a common cause of sexual difficulty. The following paper discusses, for both males and females, the common causes of dyspareunia and in many instances the appropriate treatment. Painful intercourse for the male is related either to the prepuce, glans penis, penile shaft, testicles, or urethra and prostate gland, whereas painful intercourse for the female is related to the vaginal opening, clitoris, vagina, or uterus, tubes, and/or ovaries. Each of the above is discussed. PMID- 1225984 TI - The two-professional marriage: a new conflict syndrome. AB - The two-professional marriage that begins during the period of preprofessional or professional training is apt to break down during the immediate postraining period. Reasons for this occurrence are discussed in the light of marital dynamics and adult developmental issues, with special emphasis on female professional role development. PMID- 1225986 TI - Comparison of visual and tactile learning in octopus after lesions to one of the two memory systems. AB - Sets of animals with lesions to either the vertical lobe or median inferior frontal lobe were trained first visually and then by touch. Lesions of the vertical lobe system did not affect the increase produced by food in tendency to attack a moving figure in the visual field. Any lesion that interrupted the circuit through the vertical lobe greatly impaired the capacity to inhibit attacks on crabs when these attacks resulted in shocks. Removal of the median inferior frontal lobe did not impair this capacity to learn not to attack a crab in the octopus's visual field. The capacity to learn to respond positively to a black disc but to avoid a white one was grossly impaired by an interruption of the vertical lobe circuit. After such operations the animals showed a strong preference for white over black. The capacity to learn to discriminate between black and white was not affected by removal of the median inferior frontal lobe. Animals with interruptions of the vertical lobe circuit could learn to make discrimination between white as a positive figure and black as a negative one, but they made more mistakes than controls. Most mistakes consisted of attacks on the negative (black) figure, but there were also some failures to attack the white. In tactile discrimination between rough and smooth spheres given successively, animals with vertical lobe lesions were, under some circumstances, less accurate than controls. They took more objects than controls. They were less able than controls to reverse the the discrimination. After removal of the median inferior frontal lobe tactile discrimination was greatly impaired. The animals showed a strong preference for rough objects and could not learn to take smooth objects. However, they showed improvement in discrimination when trained with smooth negative and are therefore not wholly incapable of long-term memory storage. PMID- 1225985 TI - Divorce and the single life: divorce as development. AB - This article deals with the potential for growth and development during the postdivorce period, using a conceptual frame of reference, development psychoanalytic psychology. PMID- 1225987 TI - A hybrid compartmental model for the alligator Purkinje cell. I: Preferred somatopetal conduction of dendritic spikes and soma-axon interaction. AB - A compartmental hardware model of an alligator Purkinje cell is described, consisting of a branched dendritic tree with four zones of spike generation and electrically excitable soma and initial-segment regions. Passive properties of the model compartments are represented by a cable analog circuit. Simulated action potentials, generated by a combination of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing conductance changes, are triggered in active compartments when the simulated membrane potential passes through preset thresholds. These were set at values corresponding to 28mV depolarization in the dendrites, 22 mV in the soma, and 7 mV in the initial-segment compartment. Synaptic inputs consisting of brief (0.35 msec) rectangular conductance changes give rise to exponentially decaying postsynaptic potentials in the input compartment which are electrotonically spread to other compartments. Orthodromic activation of the model neuron by computer-generated random pulse trains generates a simple spike discharge in the initial-segment compartment without evoking complex spikes. Synchronized excitatory input to the same compartments, however, does evoke a complex spike response in the soma and initial segment, coupled with dendritic spikes. Following antidromic activation of the model neuron, dendritic spikes are not generated, demonstrating a tendency in the dendritic tree for preferential conduction of spikes toward the soma. Investigation of some of the factors underlying this tendency suggests that variations in voltage attenuation due to dendritic geometry, convergence of electrotonically spread dendritic spikes, and the relative durations of dendritic and somatic action potentials may contribute to it. The presence of a threshold gradient in the dendritic tree, proposed by Llinas and his coworkers, was not found to be necessary to explain this tendency toward somatopetal conduction, although it cannot be excluded by the model. Examination of the role of the conically shaped initial-segment region suggests that this zone may provide a low-pass filter for signals conducted electrotonically from the axon to the soma, blocking repolarization of the soma during the complex spike burst generated in the axon. PMID- 1225988 TI - Central adrenergic neurons in DOCA-salt hypertension. AB - The effects of various doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected into the hypothalamus on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension were studied. The development of hypertension was prevented in the group treated with the highest dose of 6-OHDA, and the onset of hypertension was delayed in a dose-dependent fashion in the groups treated with the lower doses of 6-OHDA. Catecholamine histofluorescence observations showed that the cannula tips placed the drug lateral to the third ventricle. The most prominent change observed was a marked unilateral reduction in the fluorescence of the dopaminergic nerves of the caudate-putamen and in the number of cell bodies in the substantia nigra. These results suggest possible sites of central aminergic control of blood pressure. PMID- 1225989 TI - Nicotine-induced reflex depression of alpha motoneuron activity in the absence of fusimotor-spindle feedback. AB - The effects of nicotine on the stretch reflex and on electrically induced monosynaptic and cutaneous polysynaptic reflex responses at a lumbosacral level were studied in lightly anesthetized (chloralose-urethane) cats in which the regional fusimotor-spindle loops had been interrupted by ventral rhizotomy. Doses of 15-40 mug/kg injected into the superior vena cava or the right atrium produced depression of the reflex responses in extensor and flexor alpha motoneurons after latent periods of 1-3 sec, while gamma activity was initially accelerated. The early phase of this alpha depression was abolished by bilateral vagotomy. Sebacylcholine (a nicotinic agent) and acetylcholine also caused depression of evoked alpha activity in the absence of spindle feedback. It is concluded that nicotine activates a viscerosomatic reflex by exciting sensory receptors in the cardiopulmonary region and that alpha motor depression results independent of the changes in gamma activity. However, alpha depression with delayed onset can still be elicited by nicotine after vagotomy and Renshaw blockade, and this effect is also duplicated by sebacylcholine and abolished by hexamethonium. In the doses used, spindle or skin afferents were not excited by nicotine. Thus, two more mechanisms are described by which nicotine can depress alpha activity. Both are reflex in nature, one implicating vagal, the other nonvagal peripheral receptors. PMID- 1225990 TI - Selective changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier after pharmacological or surgical deafferentation. AB - Unilateral eye removal results in an increased delivery of blood-borne glucose, norepinephrine, choline, and tyrosine, but not of proline, to the denervated optic lobes. Administration of reserpine to chicks increases penetrance of norepinephrine into the brain but not of tyrosine, choline, or proline. Selective alterations in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier may represent a mechanism for the modulation of the delivery of critical nutrients to the brain. PMID- 1225991 TI - In vivo measurement of 32P in the brain of a freely moving rat. AB - A new method for measuring the uptake of materials labeled with radioactive phosphorus (32P) in the brain of a freely moving rat is described. The rate of uptake in the brain of a single animal of 32P-labeled phosphate was compared to the uptake rate in the animal's blood or liver. A comparison was made between the uptake following an intravenous (IV) or an intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The effect of convulsions caused by injections of metrazol on the kinetics of 32P uptake in the brain is described. PMID- 1225992 TI - Associative recall and formation of stable modes of activity in neural network models. AB - Models of neural networks with recurrent inhibition are studied, as well as one model which also includes recurrent excitation. The models are intended as possible descriptions of the cerebral cortex. Each network model is composed of neuron models called pyramidal cells and stellate cells in accordance with the names of two types of cells in the cortex. Inputs and outputs of the network are connected to the pyramidal cells while feedback is provided by the stellate cells. Connections within the network are random. During a learning phase the pyramidal cell excitatory synapses become facilitated according to a two conditional facilitation rule. This is the basis of the model's ability for associative learning. The associative retrieval of information can be studied during a subsequent association phase. This has been done by simulation on a digital computer. It was shown that all of the models considered can be designed to perform a so-called decision-making function. This means that if the associating input pattern is similar to several patterns which occurred during learning the model can decide which similarity is greatest by responding with the appropriate associated pattern. The model also including recurrent excitation differs from the simpler models in that it can become stabilized in so-called stable modes of activity which are self-sustaining and remain even after the input has been turned off. Normally, only one stable mode can be active at a time. However, through careful choice of construction parameters it was possible to obtain a model in which a maximum of two stable modes could be activated independently of each other. Physiological and psychological interpretations are discussed and so are the limitations of the models, which are evident in certain situations. PMID- 1225993 TI - Single-cell responses associated with rhythmic slow-wave potentials in rat superior colliculi. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the features of rhythmic slow-wave potentials in the superior colliculi of rats and to study the relationship between these potentials and the activity of single colliculi neurons. In contrast to studies in other portions of the visual system, rhythmic slow-wave potentials in the colliculi fell within a single limited range of frequencies from 9 to 26 cycl/sec. Single-cell recordings revealed that numerous collicular neurons were also responding rhythmically, with discharge frequencies generally coinciding with those established for collicular slow-wave potentials. In some animals slow-wave and single-cell potentials were recorded simultaneously through adjacent electrodes, and in all instances the frequency of discharge of single neurons coincided with the frequency of oscillation of the slow-wave potentials. These data suggest that rhythmic postsynaptic potentials in individual collicular neurons may be the mechanism by which rhythmic slow-wave potentials are generated. PMID- 1225994 TI - Histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the central thermoregulatory pathways of the rat. AB - The effects of pyrilamine and burimamide (histamine H1- and H2-receptor blockers, respectively) on the hypothermic response to histidine loading have been studied in rats. The antagonists were injected into one of three sites in the brain: the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic nuclei, the lateral ventricle, or the third ventricle. Only injections of burimamide into the third ventricle blocked the hypothermic response to systemic injection of histidine. Behavioral studies revealed that, after histidine, the animals increased their time of exposure to a heat lamp, which suggests that efferent heat loss pathways had been activated. Previous studies have shown that H1-receptor antagonists will block the hypothermic effect of histamine injected into the rostral hypothalamus. These data suggest that there are, at least, two sets of histaminergic receptors on the neuronal pathway through the hypothalamus: H1-receptors in the rostral hypothalamus and H2-receptors on neurons lying close to the wall of the third ventricle. Activation of this thermoregulatory pathway leads to increased heat loss and a fall in body temperature. PMID- 1225995 TI - Nerve growth factor-induced rapid activation of RNA labeling in dorsal root ganglionic dissociates from chick embryos. AB - Dorsal root ganglionic cells, from 8-day chick embryo, undergo anabolic declines when incubated in vitro without Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) or other supportive agents. To determine whether the decline could be opposed by delayed administration of the NGF, cells were incubated without the factor for varying times, then supplies with it and tested periodically with pulses of radiouridine or radioleucine. The decline in RNA labeling was actually reversed by a delayed addition of NGF, and the effect was fully elicited within less than 10 min from the treatment. With delays up to 6 hr, this rapid activation by NGF fully restored the incorporation rate exhibited by fresh cells or by cells continuously incubated with NGF. From the hour 8 on, the NGF-induced activation of RNA labeling fell progressively shorter of restoring maximal performance until, by 18 hr, it was no longer significant. The residual (irreversible) decline in RNA labeling, starting after 6 hr, developed with a time pattern coincidental with that of the irreversible decline in protein labeling also displayed by those untreated cells, and similar to the appearance of RNA degradation and the acceleration of protein degradation. All four such "degenerative" events were fully prevented by NGF when administered with delays shorter than 6 hr, and only interrupted (or delayed) by NGF delivered at later times. Additional experiments revealed that, over the first 6 hr, NGF also prevented or reversed a decline in TCA-soluble radioactivity of the cells, an effect which was not blocked by actinomycin D. This rapid increase of soluble radioactivity could be responsible for the rapid activation of RNA labeling and may also be involved in the prevention by NGF of the later developing degenerative events. PMID- 1225996 TI - Food intake of weanling rats with lesions in the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei in response to intragastric loading and caloric density manipulation. AB - Male rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions shortly after weaning in the ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (DMN) hypothalamic nuclei, respectively. A third group of rats served as sham-operated controls. The animals were subjected to intragastric preloading with 33% d-glucose and egg-white solutions and a 33% corn-oil suspension, and ad libitum feeding was assessed hourly for the first 7 hr after preloading. The pattern of food-intake depression was similar in all groups but the quantitative greatest depression was found in the DMN rats. The response of these three groups of animals to a diet diluted with 20% alpha cell, a nonnutritive bulker, showed an initial failure to meter calories by both VMN and DMN rats which, however, was compensated for during the remainder of the 24 hr test period. In response to a 50% glucose-chow mixture, both VMN and DMN rats, as well as the controls, showed the same pattern and behaved like mature dynamic hyperphagic rats inasmuch as they did not eat more of this mix than of the standard diet. After a 48-hr fast, both VMN and DMN rats showed refeeding hypophagia rather than hyperphagia. The data suggest that Panksepp's contention that the VMN in the mature rat is involved in long-term satiety regulation may be extended to the weanling rat with VMN destruction. Thus, this controlling role appears established early in ontogeny. PMID- 1225997 TI - Binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid and taurine to synaptosomal fractions of regions of the feline CNS. AB - The "binding" of 3H-gamma-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA) and 14C-taurine (7 X 10(-5) M) to synaptosomal fractions of the feline CNS was studied using differential centrifugation and double-isotope methods. Of the regions examined, the "binding" of GABA (in nmole/mg protein) occurred to the greatest extent, in cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, and colliculi and, to a lesser extent, in caudate nucleus, corona radiata, and fornix. Distribution ratios revealed that GABA binding was greater in the cerebral cortex than in caudate nucleus, brain stem, spinal cord, and white matter regions. The binding of taurine (in nmole/mg protein) was lowest in cerebral cortex and highest in brain stem and spinal gray regions. Distribution ratios for taurine indicated that its accumulation was similar in all CNS regions studied, except for slightly higher values for cerebellar cortex and fornix. These results indicated that preferential binding of both GABA and taurine exists among regions of the feline CNS. PMID- 1225998 TI - A psychoneural model of visual contrast. AB - A typical set of visual contrast data can be described by a function which relates brightness responses to the luminance stimulus provided by a target that is viewed against an illuminated surround. This brightness-luminance function is represented by a psychoneural visual-contrast model having two channels, one corresponding to the brightness of the target and the other to the brightness of the surround. The principal ascending and descending pathways in each channel are represented by a submodel which is equivalent to the intensity-perception model described by MacKay. The interaction between the channels, which accounts for the perception of contrast, takes the form of nonlinear lateral inhibition. Brightness responses calculated with the use of the psychoneural contrast model correspond very closely to the data upon which the brightness-luminance function is based. PMID- 1225999 TI - Prolonged unit responses in thalamic reticular, ventral, and posterior nuclei following lateral hypothalamic and midbrain reticular stimulation. AB - In unanesthetized postcollicular cerveau isole rats, prolonged responses over 10 sec periods following intracranial stimulation (0.2 sec, 100 Hz, 0.5 msec. 600 muA cathodal pulses) were studied with extracellular recordings of 150 nucleus reticularis and 122 ventral and posterior thalamic units. After medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or midbrain reticular (RET) stimulation, most nucleus reticularis units showed significantly decreased firing, and the MFB and RET effects converged on 64%. None was excited. In ventral and posterior thalamus, however, long-lasting unit responses were mixed. MFB and RET stimuli elicited significantly increased firing in 17% and 20% of the units, respectively, and decreased firing in 21% and 16%, respectively. Convergence of MFB- and RET elicited responses occurred in 25% of the cells, but none showed convergence of opposite responses which might reflect believed motivational differences between the stimuli. Similar stimuli delivered to ventral medial thalamus evoked pronounced excitation of nucleus reticularis discharge, contrasting the MFB and RET effects and confirming previous reports by others. The substantial responses elicited by MFB and RET stimuli in nucleus reticularis fulfill previously proposed criteria for definition of an arousal dimension in terms of single cell activity. The similarity of MFB and RET effects in the posterior nucleus of thalamus raises questions regarding its role in nociception. PMID- 1226000 TI - 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol sulfate (MOPEG-SO4) in ventricular and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid of dogs. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from the lateral ventricles and cisternal space from beagle dogs under light pentobarbital anesthesia. Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglyco-sulfate (MOPEG-SO4) levels in the liquor taken from these two regions were evaluated, and the ventricular-cisternal ratio (V/C) was calculated for each monoamine metabolite. A marked similarity in the V/C ratio of 6:1 for 5-HIAA and 5:1 for MOPEG-SO4, as compared to a much higher V/C ratio of 18:1 for HVA, perhaps reflects the more diffuse distribution of norepinephrine and serotonin, precursor amines, as compared to dopamine in the CNS and also emphasizes the probable existence of an active transport mechanism for the removal of MOPEG-SO4, as has been well documented for 5-HIAA and HVA. PMID- 1226001 TI - Spontaneous and flash-induced multiple unit activity in the hypothalamic gonadotropic areas: effects of photoperiod and of optic nerve section in quail. AB - The present study was devoted to recording of spontaneous and flash-evoked multiple unit discharges in the gonadotropic areas of the quail hypothalamus and to investigate the influence of the length of the day and of bilateral optic nerve section. Blinding resulted in a marked decrease of MUA in the tuberal region which was musch less important in the dorsal part of the nuclear infundibular complex. Burst and continuous patterns of discharges subsisted in tuberal and dorsal areas of blinded quail but responses to flash were completely suppressed. Lengthening the photofraction led to a very strong reduction of firing rates in both tuberal and dorsal hypothalamic regions. Furthermore, flash stimulation was no longer effective in intact photostimulated quail (18L-6D). Flash-evoked modification of MUA in gonadotropic regions were differentiated in a clear-cut fashion from specific responses which were obtained in the visual system. PMID- 1226002 TI - Glucose preference and caloric regulation in weanling rats with ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions. AB - Weanling male rats received electrolytic lesions in the ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (MDN) hypothalamic nuclei, respectively. A third group served as sham operated controls (CON). After the two hypothalamic syndromes had been well established, the animals were subjected to (1) a glucose preference test assessing the choice between a 10% w/v and a 35% w/v d-glucose solution, and (2) a test examining the anorexigenic effect of intraperitoneally injected glucose. Weanling rats with VMN lesions, like their mature counterparts, consistently preferred the stronger over the weaker glucose solution throughout the experiment (16 days). Weanling DMN rats, on the other hand, showed a bimodal response, initially like that of the CON rat, toward the end of the experiment, like that of the VMN rats. The weanling CON animals behaved differently from their mature counterparts, inasmuch as their preference for the dilute solution became evident only toward the latter part of the test. An analysis of the calorie intake shows that calories from glucose are similar in all three groups of rats, that the pattern and magnitude of caloric intake in DMN and CON rats are almost identical, and that the total caloric intake (from chow plus glucose) is reduced in the DMN rats because the calorie component from chow is profoundly reduced. In response to intraperitoneally injected glucose, VMN rats show a longer depression of food intake than has been reported for mature VMN rats. The CON and DMN rats recovered quicker and reached preinjection levels of food intake sooner than the VMN rats. The data indicate that in the weanling VMN rat, as in its mature counterpart, the VMN are involved in long-term feeding behavior and do respond to the metabolic signal arising from administered glucose. Nevertheless, the principle factor in their preference seems to be taste rather than solely a metabolic signal. The data show that the DMN are less involved in this sensing and integrating mechanism. In essence, the DMN rat functions quite normally, but its control system is set at a subnormal level. PMID- 1226003 TI - [Critical study of technics of absorption of radiocalcium. Determination by double isotope labels and study of urinary excretion of calcium]. PMID- 1226004 TI - [Bone histomorphometry in acute and chronic renal insufficiency. Criteria of definition of osteomalacia]. PMID- 1226005 TI - Caffeine-induced potentiation of twitches in frog single muscle fiber. AB - To clarify the detailed mechanism of caffeine-induced twitch potentiation in single muscle fibers isolated from semitendinosus muscles of the frog, the fibers were stimulated by the different patterns of repetitive pulses. On rapid application of 1 mM caffeine to the fiber, progressive potentiation of the twitches were observed in all cases, and as the stimulation frequencies were increased (from 0.1 to 5Hz), the periods taken to the fully potenitated twitch were shortened from 23 sec to about 4 sec on the average. If the repetitive stimulations at 2 Hz were stopped for a while during the potentiating phase of an ordinarily stimulated fiber, the fully potentiated twitch occurred later than that observed in the ordinarily stimulated fiber. It was confirmed that facceine did not have any significant effects on both the features of the action potential and themagnitude of the resting potential of the single muscle fiber. These results indicate that the responses of the fiber themselves play an important role in the caffeine-induced twitch potentiation, and its mechanism was discussed with reference to the behavior of the fiber membrane and the triadic junction through which caffeine is assumed to act on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1226006 TI - The role of the positive dynamic current on the action potential of cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The role of positive dynamic current (chloride current) on action potenitals of cardiac Purkinje fibers was studied. The removal of most extracellular chloride ions brought about a slowing of the repolarization process. The most prominent effect was noted onthe initial rapid repolization (phase 1) of the action potentials. Purkinje action potentials showed marked and consistent slowing of phase 1 with increasing rate of stimulation. The removal of (Cl-)0 caused marked loss of these frequency dependency in phase 1 and this effect was more prominent with slow rate of stimulation. The slopes of phase 2 and phase 3 also changed with varying frequency of stimulations but these changes were not affected much by chloride removal. Chloride conductance at the peak of the positive dynamic current increased linearly with membrane voltages from -20 mV up to +20 mV. Above this voltage, the conductance reached a plateau. A steady-state current voltage relationship was not influenced much by the chloride removal except slight decrease 031% in membrane conductance near the resting membrane potential. The increase in frequency of pulses produced marked decrease in the positive dynamic current in the voltage clamp experiments. These results suggest that the positive dynamic current mainly contribute to the electrogenesis of phase 1 in Purkinje action potentials. PMID- 1226007 TI - Effects of norepinephrine and thyroxine on the turnover rate of plasma free fatty acids. AB - Effects of norepinephrine infusion on rectal temperature, plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentration and its turnover rate were studied in rats treated chronically with norepinephrine, thyroxine, or both. Chronic treatments with these hormones resulted in greater increases in rectal temperature and FFA turnover rate in response to norepinephrine as compared with the alterations in controls. Norepinephrine-induced elevation of FFA concentration was smaller in norepinephrine-treated and norepinephrine plus thyroxine-treated rats than in controls, and in thyroxine-treated rats the elevation was similar to that of controls. The regression coefficient of FFA concentration of its turnover rate was greater in all the treated groups than in controls although positive correlations were observed among both variables in the former and the latter. From the results it was inferred that the greater increase in removal of plasma FFA was produced by norepinephrine in parallel with the greater increase in rectal temperature by norepinephrine in rats treated with norepinephrine or thyroxine than in the controls. The effects of norepinephrine infusion were also studied in surgically thryoidectomized rats. In thyroidectomized rats adapted to warm or cold, the smaller increases in rectal temperature and ithe turnover rate of plasma FFA were induced by norepinephrine as compared with the changes in intact rats. The alterations in FFA concentration produced by norepinephrine were less in warm-adapted thyroidectomized rats and greater in cold-acclimated thyroidectomized rats than in respective controls. PMID- 1226008 TI - Electrical and mechanical properties of longitudinal and circular muscles of the guinea-pig ileum. AB - The membrane potential of the electrically quiescent circular muscle fibre is higher than that of the spontaneously active longitudinal muscle fibre. The length constant of circular muscle fibres is longer than that of the longitudinal muscle. The electrical activity of the longitudinal muscle membrane is enhanced by caffeine and PGE1 is suppressed for the circular muscle. Isotonic K Krebssolution generates a large tonic response of the contracture of longitudinal muscle tissue, but in circular muscle it is small. Following an inward current pulse, a large rebound contraction of the circular muscle was generated during K INDUCED CONTRACTURE BUT IT WAS SMALL IN THE LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE TISSUE. Caffeine suppressed the K-induced contracture of both tissues but enhanced the rebound contraction of the circular muscel. Verapamil and lanthanum suppressed the mechanical responses of both muscle tissues but rebound contraction evoked in isotonic K Krebs solution was of longer duration in circular muscle tissue than in longitudinal muscle tissues. It is postulated that both muscle tissues possess different electrical and mechanical properties, and that these differences are not caused by nervous activity. PMID- 1226009 TI - The effect of procaine on the mechanical and electrical activities of the smooth muscle cells of the guineal pig urinary bladder. AB - Procaine (1-15 mM) enhanced the spontaneous contractions of the urinary bladder smooth muscle. When a low concentration of procaine was added to normal Krebs solutions, spontaneous rhythmic contractions were enhanced. On increasing the concentration of procaine, a rise in tone (resting tension) of the preparation was observed and gradually decreased with time. The action of procaine of enhancing spontaneous contraction was observed in Na-deficient (sucrose substitutiona) and Na-free (Tris substitution) Krebs solutions. Tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-7) G/M) DID NOT INHIBIT THE EFFECT OFPROCAINE ON MECHANICAL RESPONSE. In normal Krebs solution, procaine depolarized the membrane and increased spike frequency. The peak potential of the spike increased at 1 mM of procaine, but was suppressed at concentrations of more than 5mM. After-hyperpolization of the spike was diminished by procaine and spike duration was prolonged. The maximum rate of rise of the spike was increased immediately after application of 1 mM of procaine, but decreased wiith time. The maximum rate of fall of the spike was markedly decreased by procaine. Relative membrane resistance was increased by the application of procaine. From these results it is suggested thatprocaine mainly reduces K conductance and causes depolarization, and that enhanced spontaneous contractions are caused by depolarization and increased spike activity. PMID- 1226010 TI - [Reaction type and disease experience]. PMID- 1226012 TI - [Poisoning with carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin in childhood]. PMID- 1226011 TI - [Chronic-persistent hepatitis in childhood]. PMID- 1226013 TI - [Chronic glomerulonephritis in childhood from a biopsy viewpoint]. PMID- 1226014 TI - [Endocrine dwarfism. I. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypothalamo hypophyseal dwarfism]. PMID- 1226015 TI - [Angle block glaucoma and prophylactic iridectomy in the eye without symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - 58% of 114 patients who had been treated stationarily with an angle block glaucoma in one eye and who had had conservative therapy got an attack in the second eye in the course of 5 years from 1960 onwards till 1970. From 1970 onwards 77 patients were treated by prophylactic iridectomy in the eye without symptoms with a narrow chamber angle; no patient has an acute attack since then received. PMID- 1226016 TI - [Trabeculectomy, a fistulizing operation with refixation of the scleral flap (author's transl)]. AB - The study is based on 122 trabeculectomies performed on eyes with open angle glaucoma (glaucoma simplex). Satisfactory control of intraocular pressure was achieved in 80 to 90 percent of the eyes. Refixation of the scleral flap into its bed with sutures is an essential feature of the operation. This provides a valve mechanism. As a rule the valve does not open postoperatively unless the intraocular pressure has again reconstituted itself to some extent. Clinical advantages are: 1. Generally the anterior chamber has normal depth at the first postoperative day. 2. Postoperative hypotony is rare. 3. Usually postoperative inflammation is of low degree and of short duration. 4. Short hospitalisation. At present trabeculectomy is the authors operation of choice in eyes with glaucoma simplex. PMID- 1226017 TI - [Keratoprosthetics (author's transl)]. AB - General and special problems of keratoprosthetics are discussed with regard to experineces obtained from 38 prosthetic Cardona operations on 32 patients. PMID- 1226018 TI - [Plasmocytoma of the orbit (author's transl)]. AB - After a survey of the clinical picture of plasmcytoma including histological, internal and radiological findings the special aspects of affections of the orbit are described and demonstrated by four own cases since 1955. The authors propose the differentiation between plasmocytomas with bony erosive changes, solitary or multiple, and extrameudllary myeloma for theapeutical and prognostical reasons. The extramedullary myeloma of the orbit has a better prognosis and should be treated by local excision of the tumor with following radiation (CO-60). In case of bony erosive changes the extension of the tumor has to be considered, in case of multiple involvement of the body the radiation should be prefered as a palliative treatment in combination with chemotherapy. PMID- 1226019 TI - [Examination of function by scintillography after dacryocystorhinostomy (author's transl)]. AB - By means of a radiotracer 99mTc-pertechnetate the function of the lacrimal system was determined after dacryocystorhinostomy. The results of the examinations demonstrate that the function of the lacrimal system is more quickly normalized if the lig. canthi int. is fixed to the periosteum of the os lacrimale. PMID- 1226020 TI - [Alternate day squint (author's transl)]. AB - 3 cases of cyclical convergent strabismus (48 hour rhythm) were investigated. In contrast to intermittant strabismus, cyclical strabismus is not fatigue dependant. An alteration in the rhythm of the cyclical esotropia was produced by wearing prisms, red glasses or occlusion for several days. This observation indicates that centrally inaugurated rhythm processes can be altered by peripheral sensory influcences. In the case of our third patient, who was not operated upon, there was a cyclical strabismus which persisted from the age of 4 to 19 years, before changing to a constant convergent strabismus. The other two patients, following strabismus surgery, had a small angle esophoria with good fusion and stereopsis. PMID- 1226021 TI - [A contribution to the study of the correlation between the depth of the anterior chamber and the coefficient of aqueous humor outflow (author's transl)]. AB - The depth of the anterior chamber was measured and the coefficient of the aqueous humor outflow was ascertained by means of tonography in 88 normal eyes. The mean value of the depth of the anterior chamber established was 2095+/-0.42 and the median value of the outflow coefficient of the aqueous humor was found to be 0.27+/-0.07. Both values showed a regular distribution. A statistically significant correlation was established between the two values. Expressed through a correlation coefficient this would mean in practice that the coefficient of aqueous humor outflow is affected up to 10 percent by the value of the depth of the anterior chamber. PMID- 1226022 TI - [Scanning electron microscope investigations on soft contact lenses (author's transl)]. AB - In this article soft contact lenses made from various substances were examined by the SEM with regard to their ultrastructural nature under various experimental conditions. It was established, that the contact lens material of various chemical compositions was homologous, free from streaks and bubbles and absolutely smooth in the surface and fracture planes. Dirty lenses showed deposits on and in the surface, whose origin and composition is explained. PMID- 1226023 TI - [Blood-filled macrocysts of the retina. A comtribution to the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid (author's transl)]. AB - In 3 cases of bloodfilled macrocyst of the retina diagnosis malignant melignant melanoma was made twice. The differential diagnosis of macrocyst of the retina and of malignant melanoma of the choroid is discussed. The macrocyst of the retina is a special form of of retinoschisis. It differs as well in the age group of the patients as in its localisation from presenile and senile retinoschisis. As a complication of macrocyst an oral tear of the retina must be considered. PMID- 1226024 TI - [Does cryoextraction really improve cataract-surgery? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - In the past 8 years 1058 out 3970 cataract operations, that is 26.7%, were performed with different cryoextractors. There was an increase in frequency from 41 operations in 1967 to 410 in 1974. Since March 1974 the cryoextractor from the Opticon Company was used exclusively. The experiences with the cryoextractor are reported and the results compared with the extraction by aspiration. PMID- 1226025 TI - [Circumscribed detachment of Descemet's membrane after cataract operation (author's transl)]. AB - A circumscribed central bullous detachment of Descemet's membrane occuring on day 8 after an uncomplicated cataract extraction is reported. The lesion responded to conservative management and resolved without sequelae. PMID- 1226026 TI - [An attack of glaucoma after a cataract operation associated with pigment degeneration of the retina (author's transl)]. AB - From four cases the appearance of acute glaucoma attacks after cataract-operation in association with pigment degeneration of the retina is described. We could show in none of the cases the previous presence of glaucoma. It is concluded from this there is an increased danger of an acute pressure rise in operative procedures in association with pigment degeneration of the cornea as a result of dysregulation of the intraocular fluid mechanics. Appropriate preventive measures are recommended. PMID- 1226027 TI - [Problems concerning the enucleation of both eyes in cases of incurable retinoblastoma (author's transl)]. AB - Despite considerable advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma tumor growths cannot be arrested in a proportion of cases. The consent fro the removal of both eyes constitutes a burdensome decision on the part of the child's parents, so that it is quite frequently refused. A short movie illustrating the behaviour of a 6-year-old boy, who had undergone bilateral enucleation because of retinoblastoma should aid the parents having to face a similar situation. PMID- 1226028 TI - [Clinical feature and histopathology of v. Hippel-Lindau's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A case of familial v. Hippel-Lindau's disease is described. Both clinical symptomatology and histological changes, not only of the eye but also of other organs are considered and the findings are compared with reports in the literature. PMID- 1226029 TI - [The "synoptometer" as basis for surgical indication and postoperative follow-up study in cases with complicated extraocular muscle diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Determinating the objective angle of squint with the usual diagnosis procedures false results are not uncommon. On the other hand muscle-function cannot be estimated in the extreme direction of gaze because of interference with the patient's nose and orbital margin. The newly developed "Synoptometer" (Oculus Dutenhofen, W-Germany) provides the possibilities of determination the objective angle of squint in the extreme direction of gaze; false results can be prevented. This new instrument offers wide range of diagnostic possibilities for the evaluation of extraocular muscle paresis and for surgical indications; typical cases are demonstrated. PMID- 1226030 TI - [Dissociated nystagmus: congenital or acquired? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - A case of probably not congenital dissociated pendular nystagmus is reported in which on the contrary to similar published cases no neurological disorder is present. PMID- 1226031 TI - [Pigment dispersion in a family with albinism (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on a family wherein two males showed albinism; of the female members, who all had been light blonde in childhood, two were carriers (one of them with pigment changes in the iris and the fundus), a third had no ocular changes, while the fourth showed the typical phenomenon of bilateral idiopathic pigment dispersion without glaucoma. The occurrence of pigment dispersion in a family with albinism has not yet been described. It is regarded as accidental combination. PMID- 1226032 TI - [A new type of trephine (screw trephine) (author's transl)]. AB - A description of a new type of trephine is given with its technical advantages during a fistulizing procedure in glaucoma surgery. PMID- 1226033 TI - [Possibilities of application of the ERG-apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - An ERG-Testapparatus is described. This apparatus makes the judgement of the b waves amplitude possible. Experience in the practical employment of this apparatus and its rang of application in ascertaining ophthalmological diagnosis, as well as its limitations in the judgement of such an ERG, are discussed. PMID- 1226034 TI - [Loss of an eye after two blunt injuries within one year with blindness after the first injury caused by retinal detachment in a 10-year-old boy with bilateral congenital high myopia and cataract (author's transl)]. AB - The liability in the second accident to a blind eye is only for the treatment and rehabilitation costs. In the first accident a cataract operation performed early after the accident made the judgement of the original connection between the retinal detachment which caused the blindness and the accident itself difficult. PMID- 1226036 TI - [Ocusert. Synopsis of a round-table discussion]. PMID- 1226035 TI - [The german language in modern medicine (author's transl)]. AB - The widespread carelessness in modern language use is also evident in medical literature, as can be demonstrated by many examples. A return to a higher standard of language use should be aspired to. PMID- 1226037 TI - [The chemistry of prostaglandins--biosynthesis, metabolism, total syntheses (author's transl)]. AB - Extensive recent research has established that Prostaglandins (PG) are a widespread new class of biomediators. From polyunsaturated fatty acids PGs are formed enzymatically upon a variety of stimuli and then act at low concentrations. Participation has been shown so far for inflammation and pain, gastric secretion, various regulatory functions and others. Total synthesis has been achieved on a number of routes. Structure variations aim at a greater specificity and a less rapid metabolistic breakdown. Therapeutic possibilities are indicated. PMID- 1226038 TI - [Capacity of nitroblue tetrazolium-reduction of neutrophilic granulocytes (author's transl)]. AB - A modification of the NBT-reaction is described which allows a differentiation of the NBT uptake and NBT-reduction. By means of this method it has been shown that the capacity of NBT-reduction of neutrophil granulocytes taken from hematologically healthy persons is independent of the probands' age and, moreover, of the presence of acute infections and their etiology. It has been shown, that the increase in the NBT-reduction of neutrophilic granulocytes of newborns and persons with acute bacterial infections results from an increased NBT-ingestion. To grive an example of a strongly reduced capacity of NBT reduction of the neutrophilic granulocytes 2 patients suffering from fatal granulomatous disease in childhood have been examined. PMID- 1226039 TI - The diagnostic significance of intrahepatocellular hepatitis-B-surface-antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis-B-core-antigen (HBcAg) and IgG for the classification of inflammatory liver diseases. (Studies on HBsAg-positive and -negative patients). AB - Liver biopsies of patients with inflammatory liver diseases and clinically healthy HBsAg-carriers were examined for presence of intracellular HBsAg, HBcAg and IgG by direct immunofluorescence. The studies revealed the following results: 1. In most cases healthy HBsAg-carriers had HBsAg in the cytoplasm, but they did never show HBcAg in the nuclei of hepatocytes. 2. In the early phase some patients with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis had HBcAg and/or HBsAg in their hepatocytes. In a normal course with complete recovery the immunoelimination may clear either phenomenon at variable stages of the disease. 3. Cases one year after complete recovery of acute virus B-hepatitis had no HB-components in their liver tissue. 2 cases without immunoelimination of HBsAg developed chronic active hepatitis within one year and had HBcAg in their liver cell nuclei. 4. Patients with HBsAg-positive CAH and highly inflammatory activity had HBcAg in the nuclei and a low percentage of cells with HBsAg in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. HBsAg negative cases with CAH never had HB-components in their tissue. 5. Patients with HBsAg-positive and -negative CAH in complete remission never had HBcAg and HBsAg in their hepatocytes. 6. Most cases with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis positive for HBcAg had also IgG in the same liver cell nuclei. The coincidence of this finding gives strong evidence for the presence of anti-HBc in these liver cell nuclei. The importance of this finding for the course of the disease is unknown. PMID- 1226040 TI - Side chain oxidation of ifosfamide in man. AB - Ifosfamide as well as its stable alkylating metabolites namely carboxy-Ifosfamide and two dechloroethylated compounds were determined in the urine of a patient with progredient lung carcinoma who had been treated with 6 g of the drug. Quantitative measurements were carried out using a colorimetric procedure which consists of TL-spectrophotometric determinations on sheets which had previously been sprayed with 4-pyridinaldehyde-2-benzothiazolylhydrazone. In the case investigated the Ifosfamide was found to have been converted largely into two dechloroethylated compounds (48%) and only a small portion of carboxy-Ifosfamide (2.2%). PMID- 1226042 TI - Effect of drug use on sexual behavior. PMID- 1226041 TI - [Lymphocyte sensibilisation by fetal antigens in man after immunisation with xenogeneic fetal cells and with malignant tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Specific lymphocyte sensibilisation in man can be shown one to four months after injection of xenogeneic fetal cells by means of in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by the previous injected lyophilised fetal antigens. Adult lyophilised xenogeneic cells demonstrate no stimulatory effect. In the same test positive lymphocyte stimulation against lyophilised fetal cells can be demonstrated in about 50% of a group of patients with malignant tumors. These preliminary findings could be a possible link in evaluating the effects of fetal cells as a form of tumor immunotherapy in man. PMID- 1226043 TI - [Epidemiological survey on symptomatology of subject exposed to carbon disulphide (author's transl)]. AB - Some epidemiological parameters were recorded in a group of 185 workers of a rayon viscose factory. An higher prevalence rate of diseases and an higher relative risk for respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular and nervous morbidity in exposed people were found. In order to put into evidence the existence of chronic CS2 intoxication in non-occupationally CS2-exposed people, the authors suggest to investigate morbidity in people who live near these factories. PMID- 1226045 TI - [Toxic polyneuropathy in shoe-industry workers. A longitudinal electromyographic study (author's transl)]. AB - A longitudinal electromyographic study was carried out on fifteen shoe-industry workers (one man and fourteen women) affected with toxic polyneuropathy. The mean values of age, duration of exposure and lenght of the follow-up period were 23.2 years, 4.2 years and 12.2 months, respectively. Twelve subjects (80%) had a sensory-motor involvement of both upper and lower limbs; in the remainder, only the latter were affected. From a clinical standpoint, the polyneuropathy was classified as mild in seven subjects (46.6%), moderate in four (26.7%) and severe in four. On the basis of electromyographic criteria (maximal motor nerve conduction velocity; features of voluntary contraction tracings; existence of spontaneous activity recorded in different points of the same muscle), the polyneuropathy could be defined as mild in two patients (13.3%), moderate in three (20%) and severe in 10 (66.7%). In eight subjects (53.3%) the electromyographic abnormalities disappeared completely, through a gradual improvement in six and alternative phases of improvement and worsening in two. As for the remainder patients (7, viz. 46.6%), improvement and worsening in two. As for the remainder patients (7, viz. 46.6%), four showed a reduction of their electromyographic abnormalities, whereas no significant changes occurred in the last three. The obtained results are discussed and the following conclusions drawn: 1. the lower limbs are mostly affected, both clinically and electromyographically; 2. the clinical symptoms do not parallel the electromyographic findings; 3. the course of the disease appears to be independent of the initial electromyographic pattern; 4. recovery appears to occur in most instances within approximately eighteen months since the onset of symptoms, generally without significant residual deficit. Finally, the role of electromyography in the diagnosis and the follow-up study of the observed toxic polyneuropathy is underlined. PMID- 1226044 TI - [Urinary excretion of hippuric acid in workers exposed to toluene. Recommendation for a group biological standard (mac) (author's transl]. AB - Four groups of workers of the rotogravure, shoe and plastic industries, all exposed to toluene, were studied by the authors. Hippuric acid was measured by a colorimetric method, on urines collected at the end of the work shift. From the obtained results, the authors believe that the biological standard (MAC) for an homogeneous working group could be 1100 mg/liter. Such a threshold, which could however be further revised, ought not to be exceeded; higher toluene concentrations will require technical changes of the working environment. PMID- 1226046 TI - [Measurement of "flow-volume" curves and "closing volume" in occupational medicine. Normal findings in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described for measuring, by a single test, some functional respiratory indexes, such as lung volumes, dynamic tests (flow-volume curve included), rapid He and CO2 curves, "closing volume". The normal values of "closing volume" and of forced expiratory flows obtained in 114 healthy subjects (65 men and 49 women) are then reported. Such values are comparable to those obtained by other authors. An equipment is used by the authors which is easily transportable to the workplace; their method can therefore be used for surveys of workers exposed to occupational respiratory risk during a working shift. The described respiratory index should be able to detect in a pre-clinical stage the early functional changes in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 1226047 TI - [Study on the incidence of EPH-gestoses in Istria]. PMID- 1226049 TI - [Study on the therapeutic and side-effects of an iron preparation with delayed action in the treatment of sideropenic anemia]. PMID- 1226048 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thromboembolic disease]. PMID- 1226050 TI - [Shock lung]. PMID- 1226051 TI - [Sepsis due to Mima polymorpha]. PMID- 1226052 TI - [EPH gestoses]. PMID- 1226053 TI - [Polyclinical service in infectology]. PMID- 1226054 TI - [Some reasons for the lack of student interest in the general practice]. PMID- 1226055 TI - [Electrocoagulation of the carcinoma of the rectum under special circumstances]. PMID- 1226056 TI - [Cell culture of human basalioma--a model for studies of the biological character of the tumor]. PMID- 1226057 TI - [Pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid bone: surgical treatment through reconstruction and bridging of the broken off part]. PMID- 1226058 TI - [Treatment of metastatic hypernephroma with progestins]. PMID- 1226059 TI - [Unusual congenital gastric obstruction]. PMID- 1226060 TI - [Surgical correction of hypospadias using the preputial skin for urethroplasty]. PMID- 1226061 TI - [Transbronchial cytodiagnostic aspiration biopsy]. PMID- 1226062 TI - [Intercostal approach to the kidney]. PMID- 1226063 TI - [Characteristics of clinico-pharmacological articles in our medical journals]. PMID- 1226064 TI - [Use of needles with increased surface activity of Co60 on their ends according to afterloading principle]. PMID- 1226065 TI - [Dynamic scintigraphy in diagnosis of aneurysms and arteriosinus anastomoses of cerebral vessels]. PMID- 1226066 TI - [Liver scanning with labeled colloid solution and methionine]. PMID- 1226067 TI - [Expediency of association of radioisotope and ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 1226068 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the radiation hazard and the effectiveness of protection during contact of Sr85 with excoriations and intact integument of man]. PMID- 1226069 TI - [Clinico-physiological shifts in occupational effects of radiation and radiowaves]. PMID- 1226070 TI - [Calculation of reliability of recording of focal lesions of the internal organs]. PMID- 1226071 TI - [Universal pass-through ionization chamber-filter for therapeutic x-ray apparatus]. PMID- 1226072 TI - [Evaluation of AU198-labeled colloids of different dispersity in radioisotope lymphography]. PMID- 1226073 TI - [Results of short-focus radiotherapy of cancer of the lower lip]. PMID- 1226074 TI - [Functional state of the hematopoietic system during treatment of distant metastases of thyroid neoplasms with radioactive iodine]. PMID- 1226075 TI - [Bone marrow hematopoiesis in patients with lymphogranulomatosis during the process and at remote periods after radiotherapy by a radical program]. PMID- 1226076 TI - [Role of esophagoscopy in the evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative radiation therapy of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 1226078 TI - [Tumor reoxygenation and radiosensitivity in different irradiation regimens]. PMID- 1226077 TI - [Dynamics of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes after radiation therapy]. PMID- 1226079 TI - [Blood lymphocytes during irradiation under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 1226080 TI - [Dosimetric basis of combined roentgen and electron therapy of neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes]. PMID- 1226081 TI - [Punched cards for documentation of data in short-distance radiotherapy]. PMID- 1226082 TI - [Use of complex compounds of In113m with certain amino acids for scanning]. PMID- 1226083 TI - [Method of calculation of absorbed doses in radioisotope study of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 1226084 TI - [Use of scintillation chamber in radioisotope diagnosis]. PMID- 1226085 TI - [Pathogenetic basis of early therapy of experimental acute radiation sickness]. PMID- 1226086 TI - [Immediate results of radioisotopes teletherapy with the use of a lead grid in neglected forms of lung cancer]. PMID- 1226087 TI - [Bi-dimensional correction of x-ray images]. AB - The frequency and contrast characteristics of the unit of the shadow image formation point to a material weakening of the high-frequency components in the spectrum of spatial frequencies already during the formation of the X-ray image. To compensate for this weakening that also takes place in other subassemblies of the television X-ray installation the introduction of an aperture corrector is necessary. As such a corrector in transmitting an image of little mobile objects a bidimensional aperture corrector set up on the transmitting television tube can be effectively used. PMID- 1226088 TI - [Improvement of optic characteristics of the x-ray protective glass]. AB - The optic characteristics of the roentgen protection glass (RPG) are shown to be capable of being improved through application of a translucent coating onto its working surface. This eliminates losses due to reflection from the RPG of a luminous flux proceeding to the examiner from the fluorescent screen of the X-ray apparatus. The proposed improvement of optic characteristics of the RPG will make it possible to cut down by 15 per cent the dose rate of ionizing radiation to which both the patient and the physician are exposed during roentgenoscopy. PMID- 1226089 TI - [Preparation of an elastic compound on the basis of oligomer OUA]. AB - An elastic compound with polymerization duration of 4 hours at 40 degrees has been devised. The use of the new compound helped speed up the fabrication of new functional subassemblies and improve working conditions in the manufacture of medical radioelectronic equipment. PMID- 1226090 TI - [Furnishing therapeutic-prophylactic institutions with x-ray equipment]. PMID- 1226092 TI - [Biomedical engineering industry in the final year of the Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 1226091 TI - [Evaluation of technical equipment for roentgenological examination of children]. AB - A procedure involving an assessment by marks of the roentgenological examination (of chest organs in children) based on the availability of special equipment and apparatus and on the relative level of the radiation load on the patients and the personnel is proposed. The assessment in marks is determined as a result of an analysis of medical and technical data. Examination procedures demanding additional or special equipment are singled out and a standard series of apparatus and equipment needed for realization of these examinations has been drawn up. PMID- 1226093 TI - [Registration of failures (defects) in electric circuits of the x-ray apparatus]. PMID- 1226094 TI - [Methods of evaluation of the quality of x-ray images]. PMID- 1226095 TI - [Demand for modern distillation equipment]. PMID- 1226096 TI - [Experience with the operation of a panoramic tomograph]. AB - The first results obtained by clinical trials of a panoramic tomograph of the Soviet design and make are discussed. The apparatus has a movable armchair, this making it convenient to examine seriously ill or debiliated patients. The pictures of the jaws, teeth, maxillotemporal articulations, nasal cavity, maxillary sinuses are fully suitable for diagnosing major diseases of the dentomaxillary system. PMID- 1226097 TI - [Experience with the operation of a device for roentgeno-endoscopic examination]. AB - An appliance for roentgeno-endoscopic investigation permitting rotation of the patient is made in the shape of a crable that turns through 130 degrees and is firmly held in all positions of the X-ray apparatus mounting. The appliance provides good conditions for a multifarious roentgenological control over the manipulations with the bronchoscope, catheters, biopsy instruments and allows it to perform selective bronchography, pneumomediastinography angio- and lymphography. The appliance facilitates the arrest of the intrabronchial hemorrhage after biopsy and does not hamper the performance of reanimation procedures in cases of cardiac arrest. The use of the appliance increases the irradiation (absorbed) dose to which the service staff is exposed at their workplace by no more than 10 per cent. PMID- 1226098 TI - [Appliance for preventing of drying-out of ink in the pens of recording devices]. PMID- 1226099 TI - [Telescopic atomizer PT-1 for medical glue]. PMID- 1226100 TI - [Trends in the development of equipment for mass x-ray examinations]. PMID- 1226102 TI - [Television set for visual analysis of roentgenograms]. PMID- 1226101 TI - [External kymographic transducer]. PMID- 1226103 TI - [Removable chair attached to the table for radiation therapy]. PMID- 1226104 TI - [Angiographic method of examination of the lower limbs with the isotope control and automatic extension of the table]. PMID- 1226105 TI - [Roentgen-television set with the device for dosage rate regulation]. PMID- 1226106 TI - [Substantiation of requirements for basic informative characteristics of tomograms]. AB - In order to estimate the clinical efficiency of the method of layer-by-layer roentgenography a comparison of the apparatus with different translocation trajectories of the tomographic system has been made. The efficiency of the tomographs was appraised by such parameters as: coefficient of purity, thickness of the section and the degree of blurring. Investigations showed that the circular trajectory is to be preferred to the non-linear one. The adoption of such a trajectory enables it to simplify the design of the non-linear tomograph, makes it less costly and convenient in handling. PMID- 1226107 TI - [Study of the characteristics of flexible fiber endoscopes]. AB - An important step in constructing flexible fibre endoscopes is elaboration of methods for measuring their Optical and phototechnical characteristics. Methods and patterns of setups for measuring the field of vision angle, the field of fixation angle, resolving power, transmission coefficient and other parameters of flexible endoscopes are proposed. The knowledge of such parameters enables the key characteristics of endoscopes to be calculated, viz. the Optimal efficiency, informative capacity, information density per unit area of the fibrous band utilized in the device, etc. PMID- 1226108 TI - [Rod-like optics of endoscopes]. AB - The optical characteristics of endoscopes can be made more effective and the quality of the image improved through incorporation in their optical systems of rod-like components. The use of rod-like components in the rigid choledochoscope helped increase three-fold the optimal efficiency by comparison with that in the formerly manufactured device provided with an optics that was made up of small thickness lenses. PMID- 1226109 TI - [Manual opthalmoscope OR-2]. AB - An ophthalmoscope of the OP-2 type has been designed and built to investigate the eye fundus in white and "red-free" light and also intended for use with an orange photofilter. The device enables the eye fundus to be examined without restoring to a medicamentous dilatation of the pupil. The illumination produced by the ophthalmoscope is nearly twice as great as the one provided for by the earlier manufactured ophthalmoscope, model sigma0-61. The slit and diaphanoscopic attachments that go with the ophthalmoscope allow it to see the "optical sections" of the cornea, the iris, as well as the crystalline lens and also to make demonstrable sections to the eye with lesser transparency, this enabling one to judge about the presence of tumours and other pathological conditions of the eyeball. PMID- 1226110 TI - [Requirements for modern apparatus for x-ray diagnosis, radioisotope diagnosis and radiation therapy]. PMID- 1226111 TI - [Increasing the technical level of medical endoscopes]. PMID- 1226112 TI - [Artistic design of medical steam sterilizers]. AB - The shaping of any manufactured product provides for a solution of a number of problems associated with improvement of its quality. In this connection the designer should take into consideration not only the ergonomic factors, but also seek to make the object under construction to meet artistic and esthetic demands. An analysis of shortcomings incident to the autoclaves type AIII-1M turned out by the industry helped to create a series of sterilizers with novel design features and of a larger capacity whose servicing requires from the opserator the least physical efforts. A comprehensive solution of the problem as to the composition, simplicity and regularity of the shape, along with proper external shaping of individual functional components secure favourable conditions for the operation of the sterilizer and also make it possible to adopt it as a basic unit in building up centralized sterilization installations. PMID- 1226113 TI - [Scientific-technical and economic cooperation between the organizations of the USSR, the German Democratic Republic and the Hungarian People's Republic in the area of endoscopic technology]. PMID- 1226115 TI - [Development of the production of medical endoscopes]. PMID- 1226114 TI - [Development of fiber endoscopes and some aspects of gastrointestinal endoscopy]. AB - Clinical evaluation of the up-to-date fibre endoscope models makes it possible to set apart 3 successive stages in the course of creating gastro-intestinal endoscopy, viz. construction of instruments with side optics, making esophagofibroscopes with end optics and transformation of esophagofibroscopes into panendoscopes. Depending upon the nature of the disease and the diagnostic objectives to be fulfilled various types of fibre endoscopes, both new and old, are recommended for clinical use. PMID- 1226116 TI - [1st experience with the use of a flexible fiber endoscope]. AB - X-ray examinations as a basic method of recognizing pathological processes in the descending segments of the intestinal tract do not always make it possible to ascertain the nature of the affection. An effective diagnostic method is endoscopy that can be implemented with the help of the Soviet-made flexible fibre endoscope, model CBO-1. The device is reliable in operation, easy and convenient to handle and allows it to examine not only the sigmoid flexure, but the descending segment of the large intestine as well. PMID- 1226117 TI - [Distinctive features and methods of use of the choledochoscope with the fiber light guide KhVS-1]. AB - In current surgical practice there are used rigid and flexible choledochoscopes with a glass fibre. The choledochoscope provided with a glass fibre, model XBC-1, designed by the All-Union Research Institute of Instrument Making, is a highly efficient apparatus that enables it to carry out detailed visual examinations of the major bile ducts. The procedure of examining the bile ducts with the new model of the choledochoscope is safe for the patient and is within an easy grasp of any surgeon familiar with the technique of surgery of the biliary tract. PMID- 1226118 TI - [New unified rectoscopes with fiber light guides for the study of adults and children]. PMID- 1226119 TI - [Study of biomedical engineering at medical schools]. PMID- 1226120 TI - [A flexible Russian sigmoidoscope with fiber optics]. AB - A brief characteristics of endoscopes manufactured by the leading specialized firms is given. At the same time optical and mechanical systems of the Soviet made sigmoidoscope, model CBO-1, an apparatus equipped with fibrous optical elements for transmission of ligh and image, now in batch production, are described. Data derived from a comparative investigation of the resolving power of the CBO-1 unit and of the analogous devices manufactured by the firm "Olympus" are presented. PMID- 1226121 TI - [Pharmacology of psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 1226122 TI - [General guidelines for the use of psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 1226123 TI - [Pharmacological profile of tranquilizers and broad-spectrum psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 1226124 TI - [Therapy and prevention of manic-depressive disorders using psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 1226125 TI - [Psychopharmaceuticals in neurology]. PMID- 1226126 TI - [Long-term therapy of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1226127 TI - [Problem of informing cyclothymic patients and their relatives]. PMID- 1226128 TI - [Prediabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 1226129 TI - [Behavior disorders in childhood and their therapy]. PMID- 1226130 TI - [Treatment of mouth candidiasis in leukemia patients with parenterally administered miconazole]. PMID- 1226131 TI - [Acetate photometabolism in Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii]. AB - The cells of Ectothiorhodospira were cultivated under autotrophic conditions and assimilated 14C-acetate in the presence of bicarbonate. The label was incorporated rapidly into phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) and phosphorous esters (PE) of sugars, into compounds of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), aspartate, glutamate. After some time the content of the label became the highest in glutamate and decreased in other compounds. The same products were formed upon the assimilation of acetate by the cells cultivated in its presence. However, the amount of PGA and PE of sugars, especially those formed in the presence of sulphides, was less, and their curve had a positive slope. Fluoroacetate inhibited the incorporation of 14C from acetate in the cells and caused an increase of labeled citrate. Iodacetate inhibited almost completely the fixation of CO2 by the cells in the presence of sulphide; the fixation of carbon dioxide constituted about 60 percent of the control if both sulphide and acetate were present in the medium. Therefore, the assimilation of acetate by Ect. shaposhnikovii can be accomplished via the glyoxylate shunt and TAC, and also as a result of action of pyruvate synthase and the production of C4- and C5-organic acids with the participation of CO2. The pathways of acetate metabolism depend on the growth conditions and on the presence of sulphide in the medium. PMID- 1226132 TI - [Preliminary metabolism of D-ribose by Candida bombi]. AB - The activity of D-ribokinase increases and its constitutive synthesis takes place in the yeast Candida bombi after its adaptation to D-ribose. The activity of the enzymes of preparatory metabolism of D-ribose via the reductive pathway after the adaptation to this pentose is low and no growth is found in the medium containing ribitol; therefore, metabolism of D-ribose in C. bombi proceeds via the kinase pathway. D.ribokinase of C. bombi is briefly characterized. PMID- 1226133 TI - [Activity of microorganisms decomposing cholesterol]. AB - The rates of cholesterol decomposition was compared among cell suspensions of different microorganisms. Fifty seven cultures were studied: 2 strains of actinomycetes, 23 strains of proactinomycetes, 22 strains of mycobacteria, and 10 strains of bacteria. During four hours of incubation, 11 strains virtually did not decompose cholesterol at all, 10 strains decomposed it by up to 20 per cent, 21 strains by 20 to 70 per cent, and 15 strains by 70 to 100 per cent. The highest activity was displayed by Mycobacterium rubrum 297 and Mycobacterium sp. 2B, which decomposed all cholesterol in the sample within 4 hours. The high activity was also displayed by Proactinomyces sp. 2006, Nocardia opaca JMET 7030, and Nacardia erythropolis JMET 7252. PMID- 1226134 TI - [Interaction of acridine orange with teichoic acids of Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - Teichoic acids of the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus 209-P belong to the class of ribitol teichoic acids and can bind actively the molecules or acridine orange, changing its optical properties. The intravital fluorochromy of the cells with acridine orange may be caused by the sorption of its molecules by the teichoic acids of the cell wall. PMID- 1226135 TI - [Change in Bacillus anthracoides spores and their content of dipicolinic acid during germination]. AB - The content of dipicolinic acid (DPA) was assayed in the spores of Bacillus anthracoides 96 during various stages of its growth. The content of DPA was ca. 10.7 per cent of the dry biomass weight in the seven-day-old culture containing 96 to 99 per cent of the spores in a "starvation" medium. The morphology of the culture was modified, and the content of DPA in the spores fell to 3.6 per cent half an hour after the inoculation into the medium favourable for the growth (MPA). During the following one to four hours of the germination, the refraction index of the spores and the content of DPA in them decreased (the content of DPA to 2 per cent). PMID- 1226136 TI - [Effect of different factors on the germination of spores in S and P- variants of Bacillus brevis]. AB - The effect of temperature, duration of heating and the presence of L-alanine and L-glutamine in the medium on the spore germination was studied with the S and P- variants of Bacillus brevis which did not contain gramicidin S and with the R and P+ varants obtained on a defined medium with beta-phenyl-beta-alanine, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gramicidin S. The experiments were carried out according to the scheme of complete factor experiment. Germination of the spores was found upon their incubation in a defined medium with L-alanine within two hours after their preliminary heating at 80 degrees C during 45 minutes (S variant), at 60 degrees C during 45 minutes (R variant+trace amounts of gramicidin S), at 80 degrees C during 15 minutes (P+ variant/trace amounts of gramicidin S). Germination of the spores of the P- variant was best upon heating to 60 degrees C during 45 minutes. Gramicidin S is presumed to inhibit, to a certain extent, germination of the spores of its producing culture. PMID- 1226137 TI - [Dynamics of the formation of extracellular protease and the ATP pool in a thermophilic strain of Bacillus brevis]. AB - The dynamics of varying ATP concentration was studied in the cells of the thermophilic strain of Bacillus brevis 224 synthesizing a neutral exoprotease. Some irregularities during the primary and secondary growth of the culture corresponded to the changes in the amount of ATP. A sharp decrease (by a factor of ca. 100) in the level of ATP pool was detected in the bacterial cells after 2.5 hours of their exponential growth; their growth ceased and the synthesis of protease was depressed. A decrease in the rate of the enzyme synthesis coincides with an increase in the concentration of ATP in the cells. PMID- 1226138 TI - [Heterogeneity of the genus Actinomadura Lechevalier a. Lechevalier]. AB - Studies of the morphology of Actinomadura spp. have shown that the genus comprises several morphological types of actinomycetes which differ by the presence and structure of the sporophores on the aerial and substrate mycelium. The actinomycetes differ also by the fatty acid composition of lipids in the mycelium, and can be subdivided into three groups: (1) fatty acids with a straight chain prevail; (2) fatty acids with branched chains of the iso- and anteiso structure predominate; and (3) fatty acids with straight and branched chains are contained in almost equal amounts. Therefore the genus separated on the basis of differences in the composition of the cell wall was heterogeneous according to the properties used in the taxonomy of the actinomycetes at the level of genus. These data prove that morphological properties have to be taken into account in the taxonomy of the actinomycetes. PMID- 1226139 TI - [Characteristics of a new species of budding purple bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll b]. AB - A culture of phototrophic purple bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll b has been isolated. The bacterium forms a sessile bud and, along with producing motile swarmer cells, it produces immobile oval cells surrounded with a slime capsule. It grows on media with simple organic substances in the presence of yeast extract or vitamins, under anaerobic conditions in the light or under microaerophilic conditions in the darkness. Besides organic substances, the culture assimilates hydrogen sulphide and thiosulphate as electron donors; it is incapable of assimilative sulphate reduction. In the light, the bacterium oxidizes thiosulphate to sulphates, without accumulation of molecular sulphur. The bacterium is classed as a new species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas- Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis nov. sp. PMID- 1226140 TI - [New species of thermophilic bacilli--Bacillus thermocatenulatus nov. sp]. AB - Detailed study of the obligate-thermophilic aerobic spore-forming bacterium, indentified earlier as Bacillus megaterium, allowed to describe it as a new species--Bacillus thermocatenulatus nov. sp. This organism is characterized by a high content of GC in DNA (69 mole percent). PMID- 1226141 TI - [Cytomorphological characteristics of Hydrodictyon reticulatum Lagerch]. AB - The growth of the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the cytoplasm-nucleus ratio (CNR) were studied in the alga Hydrodictyon reticulatum Lagerch. The nucleus divides at the maximum values of CNR; CNR decreases between divisions. The synthesis of the nuclear matter takes place immediately after the mitosis, the growth of the cytoplasm prevails before the nuclear division. This unusual phenomenon can be presumably explained by the fact that Hydrodictyon is a polynucleate organism. PMID- 1226142 TI - [Tolerance to H202 of Mycobacterium carotenum and its carotinoidless mutant]. AB - Mycobacterium carotenum is more tolerant to the action of hydrogen peroxide than its white, carotenoidless mutant. This elevated tolerance to H2O2 correlates with a higher content of DNA, RNA, and polysaccharides in the cells; it is not related to the content of proteins and lipids, or to the level of the catalase and peroxidase activity. PMID- 1226143 TI - [Lysogeny in heat-tolerant hydrocarbon-oxidizing actinomycetes of species Actinomyces griseomycini]. AB - Six strains of thermophilic hydrocarbon-oxidizing Actinomyces griseomycini were tested for lysogeny. The lysogenic state was detected in the four strains and their phages were isolated. The phages isolated from the three strains were virulent and cause lysis of the host culture. All isolated phages were specific and did not cause lysis of other actinomycetes species. However, the phages had different activity towards the six studied strains of Actinomyces griseomycini. One phage induced lysis only of its indicator culture, other phages caused lysis of four strains, including those two from which no phage was isolated. All phages produced negative colonies of identical morphology. The morphology of their particles was also the same. The phages induced cross-resistance and were characterized by thermoresistance. PMID- 1226145 TI - [Use of gamma-irradiation of soil for analyzing the state of microbial coeneses]. AB - Increasing doses of gamma-irradiation eliminate some physiological and ecologo trophical groups from microbial cenoses in soil. Soil fungi are least resistant to the action of gamma-irradiation (do not grow on agarized soil (AS) at a dose of 0.5 Mrad). Actinomycetes are more resistant (do not grow on AS at a dose of 0.75 Mrad). Bacteria are most resistant to irradiation. Asporogenous bacteria do not grow on agarized soil at a dose of 1.25 Mrad. Sporogenous bacteria survive at higher doses (1.75 Mrad). The method of gamma-irradiation permits to accomplish differential analysis of ecological groups of soil microflora and experimental synthesis of microbial associations. The effect of gamma-irradiation on soil enzymes is weak compared with autoclaving. gamma-Irradiated soils may serve as a substrate for model experiments during analysis of microbial associations. PMID- 1226144 TI - [Fractionation of stable sulfur isotopes during microbiological processes in Slavyansk lakes]. AB - The isotopic content of sulphur in sulphates increases with depth in waters containing hydrogen sulphide of the meromictic lakes Repnoe and Veisovo as a result of microbiological reduction of sulphates. At the same time, hydrogen sulphide enrichments 19 to 25% of the light isotope 32S in the lake Veisovo, and 24 to 32% in the lake Repnoe. The fractionation of sulphur isotopes, manifested in the enrichment of sulphides with lighter isotopes, and that of sulphates with heavier isotopes, was found also in the bottom deposits of the lake Repnoe. The isotope and microbiological data suggest that, in the zone of mass growth of the phototrophic sulphur bacteria in the lake Repnoe, there are two processes of fractionation: (a) due to the bacterial reduction of sulphates; and (b) due to anaerobic oxidation of hydrogen sulphide, resulting in the enrichment of hydrogen sulphide with the light isotope 32S by 5 to 7 promille. PMID- 1226146 TI - [Growth of nodule bacteria in soil]. AB - As was found with the aid of capillary microscopy, the nodule bacteria of pea and lupine in soil are encountered as rods, bacteroids, and cocci. The rod-like cells form bacteroids not only in the nodules but also outside, in soil. The bacteroids are viable and later reproduce the coccoid cells (arthrospores). The rods and bacteroids prevail in soil during flowering of the legumes, and the cocci are predominant at the end of vegetation. PMID- 1226147 TI - [New species of yeast from soil--Candida podzolica sp. n]. AB - A new species of Candida podzolica is described. This species is widely distributed in podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils of the forest zone and in krasnozem. The yeast belongs to the nitrate-negative species of the genus Candida Berkhout, which do not ferment sugars, and is similar to the species C. humicola and C. curvata inhabiting soil. C. podzolica has a peculiar shape of the cells and does not produce films in liquid media. Extracellular polysaccharides contain glucose, mannose, galactose, and xylose; G+C in DNA is 62 mole percent. PMID- 1226148 TI - [Yeast flora of plant rhizosphere and phyllosphere]. AB - The species belonging to the genera Cryptococcus and Hansenula with saturnian spores predominate in the rhizosphere of agricultural plants. The sporiferous strains of Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora apiculata, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and asporogenic Candida krusei and Trichosporon cutaneum prevail in the rhizosphere of wild plants. Candida krusei and Trichosporon cutaneum prevail in the rhizosphere of wild plants. The cultures of Rhodotorula, Candida krusei and Metschnikowia pulcherrima are typical of the phyllosphere of both cultural and wild plants. The phyllosphere of cultural plants contains also the asporogenic strains of Cryptococcus, Candida tropicalis, Trichosporon pullulans, Tr. cutaneum, and Hansenula, while Hanseniaspora apiculata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae predominate in the phyllosphere of wild plants. The yeast flora of the majority of studied plants is diverse and comprises 10--20 species (in cabbage, potato, linden, aspen, and pear trees). The rhizophere and phyllosphere of some plants contain only 2 to 4 yeast species (onion, hop, wild apple). PMID- 1226149 TI - [Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on algal growth on soddy-podzol soil]. AB - The effect of various fertilizers and lime on the composition of algae and their content in soil was studied both in the field and laboratory conditions. The maximum yield of the algae was found upon continuous combined introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially together with lime. In short-term experiments, the maximum yield was also registered upon combined introduction of the fertilizers and lime. PMID- 1226150 TI - [Enzymatic breakdown of steroids during 11 alpha- and 11 beta-hydroxylation of the 21-acetate of Reichstein's "substance S" by Tieghemella orchidis (fam. Mucoraceae)]. AB - By-products of the transformation were studied, which were formed in the process of 11alpha and 11beta-hydroxylation of 21-acetate of the Reichstein substance "S" by the culture of Tieghemella orchidis. The following steroid derivatives, known before, were isolated: epihydrocortisone, 6beta-hydroxy derivative of the Reichstein substance "S", hydrocortisone, cortisone. The following steroid derivatives were isolated from the initial chloroform extract of the fermentation medium, and identified: prednisolone, androstendione, testololactone, and 1,2 dehydro derivatives of the Reichstein substance S" and its 21-acetate. The quantitative ratio between the products of transformation depended on the conditions of growth and transformation. These compounds seem to be intermediate metabolites in the course of the steroid destruction via the pathway common for fungi and involving the destruction of D ring of the steroid molecule. PMID- 1226151 TI - [Saccharomyces phenotypes (killer, neutral, sensitive) in viticulture and methods for their determination]. AB - A method for determination of the Saccharomyces phenotypes-- "killer" (K), neutral (N), and sensitive (S) -- has been elaborated. These phenotypes were studied in the collection cultures of the Institute of Viticulture and Viniculture and in the samples of fermented grape must. The phenotypes K and N prevailed in the samples, and the phenotype S in the collection cultures. The interconversion of the phenotypes K, N, and S was shown to be possible. PMID- 1226152 TI - [Rapid selection of microorganisms producing extracellular lipases]. AB - A method for rapid selection of microorganisms producing extracellular lipases is described. The method is based on diffusion of the enzyme into agar containing olive oil. The hydrolysis zones revcal by 0,05--0,25% OSO4 solution. PMID- 1226153 TI - [Formation of keto acids by barotolerant marine bacteria under atmospheric pressure]. AB - Production of keto acids by washed cells of the barotolerant strains was studied under atmospheric pressure on a glucose-mineral medium in balloons made of the copolymer of ethylene with propylene. Production of keto acids in these conditions requires elevated concentrations of glucose and minimum concentrations of ammonium nitrogen. Active aeration inhibits the accumulation of keto acids by the barotolerant bacteria. The majority of the barotolerant bacteria did not form free extracellular keto acids, other bacteria liberated comparatively small amounts of these acids. The ability to accumulate keto acids was different in particular strains. PMID- 1226154 TI - [Migratory and recurrent pneumonias (authors transl)]. AB - Pneumonia migrans and pneumonia recurrens are rarely seen non typic developments of pneumonia mostly due to viral infections. We observed the course of a pneumonia migrans on a 38-year old woman with development of new pneumonic infiltrations in other lung segments before definite healing. A 34-year old gravida developed a pneumonia of the right upper lobe immediately after total healing of the lower lobe of the same lung. The atypic course of the disease is looked for in an insufficient local immunity. PMID- 1226156 TI - [Letter: Pulmonary edemas in mountain climbings]. PMID- 1226155 TI - [Protective effect of beta-adrenergic substances on the allergic rhinitis (author's transl)]. AB - The protective and curative effect of Th 1165a (Fenoterol) and Salbutamol on the allergic rhinitis is reported. 70 patients with positive nasal provocation tests (speezing, rhinitis and eosinophilia of the secretions) were tested some days later with the same allergen after application of 100 mug TH 1165a. Protective effect could be shown in 64 patients who did not react with clinical symptoms. Another 85 patients were treated in the same way after a positive nasal provocation test and the clinical symptoms disappered within 5 minutes. In 10 patients nasal resistance was measured objectively by bodyplethysmography. Salbutamol showed the same protective and curative effect in 30 patients proved in the same way as described before. Application of the substances in the contralateral nostril had no systemic effect. PMID- 1226157 TI - [Letter: Antidiuretic effect of reserpine]. PMID- 1226158 TI - [Letter: Hypovolemia]. PMID- 1226161 TI - [Procedure for the detection of mycobacteria in examination material]. PMID- 1226160 TI - [Determination of plasma D-Xylose]. PMID- 1226159 TI - [Swollen lymph nodes of the neck as a cardinal symptom of lymphoepithelioma (Schmincke-Regaud) (author's transl)]. AB - Of two cases of lymphoepithelioma (Schmincke-Regaud) is given report. Swollen lymph nodes of the neck, which in the beginning have been thought to be inflammatory, persisted in the first case five years, at the second patient one year before diagnosis. In both cases the tumor originated from the epipharynx. After X-raying both patients since 2 1/2 years are free of recidivation. PMID- 1226162 TI - [Industrial hygiene in working areas]. PMID- 1226163 TI - [First fulfilment of the law 37 of the Lombardian region in the matter of protection of the worker's health]. PMID- 1226165 TI - [Occupational exposure connected with special technological cycles: physical agents]. PMID- 1226164 TI - [Occupational exposure connected with special technological cycles: chemical agents]. PMID- 1226166 TI - [Duties of the industrial hygienist in the working areas. Criteria and principles for technical analytical surveys]. PMID- 1226167 TI - [Cooperation between the occupational physician and industrial hygienist]. PMID- 1226168 TI - [Syndical organizations and relationship between industrial and work hygienists in health protection in the working areas]. PMID- 1226169 TI - [Criteria for examinations of new installations with the purpose of industrial hygiene]. PMID- 1226171 TI - [Some problems in the installations for energy production]. PMID- 1226170 TI - [Evaluation of the risk parameters in a small room for production of chlorine sodium]. PMID- 1226172 TI - [Noise in a mechanical coppersmith workshop]. PMID- 1226173 TI - [Chemical aids in foundries]. PMID- 1226174 TI - [Problems of industrial hygiene in the rubber industry]. PMID- 1226175 TI - [Chemical agents in the mechanical industry]. PMID- 1226176 TI - [Solvents and climate in the viscous textile industry]. PMID- 1226177 TI - [Considered limited values of chemical pollutants and particles in the workroom areas, proposed by the Italian Society of Industrial Medicine and the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists for the year 1975]. PMID- 1226178 TI - [Diseases due to vegetable textile fibres]. PMID- 1226179 TI - [Bronchopneumopathies due to cereals in grain silos workers: clinical, radiological and functional picture]. PMID- 1226180 TI - [Bronchopneumopathies due to cereals in grain silos workers: etiological and pathogenetical aspects]. PMID- 1226181 TI - [Technology and hygiene in foundries]. PMID- 1226182 TI - [Occupational hazards in the environment of ferrous metal foundries-radiological aspects (study of 466 cases)]. PMID- 1226183 TI - [Epidemiology of pneumoconiosis in the cast iron foundry]. PMID- 1226184 TI - [Chronic aspecific respiratory diseases in foundry workers]. PMID- 1226186 TI - [New portable apparatus for continuous radiotransmission of the heart rate in work areas]. PMID- 1226185 TI - [Thermal and noise pollution]. PMID- 1226187 TI - [Evaluation of biological indices in exposure to the risk of lead]. PMID- 1226188 TI - [Radiological study of the pulmonary circulation in pneumoconioses]. PMID- 1226190 TI - [Implementation of a screening program for some hereditary metabolic diseases in the Autonomic Region of the Aosta Valley]. PMID- 1226191 TI - [Physiopathology and diagnostic evaluation of platelet aggregation in pediatrics]. PMID- 1226189 TI - [Macruz index in the E.C.G. of workers exposed to the hazards of welding]. PMID- 1226192 TI - [Formation of fibrin and platelet aggregation in normal and pathological pregnancy and in maternofetal exchange]. PMID- 1226193 TI - [Recent findings in the therapy of Wilson's disease]. PMID- 1226194 TI - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Presentation of 5 cases]. PMID- 1226195 TI - [Glomerular kidney diseases with monosymptomatic hematuria in children. Clinical aspects, histological aspects and possibilities of development]. PMID- 1226196 TI - [Prevention of arteriosclerosis during childhood: preliminary research]. PMID- 1226197 TI - [Complications of salmonellosis in pediatric age. Description of 15 cases]. PMID- 1226198 TI - [Otitis media in premature infants]. AB - From the 253 infants admitted to the praemature unit of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs in 1971 87 showed signs of respiratory tract infection. 44 of these babies suffered from otitis media diagnosed by means of tympanal suction-drainage. This reliable diagnostic method is completely harmless and less traumatic than paracentesis. We have isolated Gram negative bacteria from the tympanal secretion in three quarters of the cases Bacterial culture proved to be negative in only two infants. We should like to stress that tympanal suction drainage--apart from its good therapeutic effect--is also beneficial to the anatomical development of the ear: the early embryonal tissues sucked out in this way could disturb the transformation of embryonal tissue to normal mucoperiosteum. The persistent embryonal tissue thickens the tympanal mucosa. This is a factor promoting inflammation. PMID- 1226199 TI - [Nutritional difficulties in children undergoing intermittent hemodialysis]. PMID- 1226200 TI - [Therapy of growth disorders in chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 1226201 TI - [Therapy of uremic osteopathy]. PMID- 1226202 TI - [Psychosocial care and rehabilitation in terminal kidney insufficiency in childhood]. PMID- 1226203 TI - [A special brain tumor in the early babyhood (author's transl)]. AB - A case of "mixed glioma" in early infancy is reported with characteristic histology and extension causing elevated cerebro spinal pressure. Incidence and problematic nature of these brain tumors are discussed briefly. Possibly a tumor inducing irritation in utero stimulates embryonic pluripotent cells of glia to proliferate, which differentiate during further life to form various tumor cells. In this way they produce the picture of a "mixed glioma". The term "congenital tumors of the brain" is examined critically. PMID- 1226205 TI - [Calculation of thermal protein changes in food with heat conduction. Determination of reaction rate and activation heat]. AB - The velocity constant k of protein changes is commonly determined by heating as abruptly as possible to a given temperature for various periods. Its dependence on temperature or activation heat is deduced from the k value determinations at different temperatures, using the ARRHENIUS diagram. In contrast to this, the authors determined the k and E values in a temperature field for a constant reaction time. This is done directly in the foodstuff which is introduced (in ball form) into a bath of constant temperature. In case of foodstuffs with mere heat conduction, there are in the interior innumerable spherical shells subjected to the same thermal stress which increases from within towards the exterior. Thermal protein changes (such as the thermal coagulation of egg white and muscle proteins and the formation of metmyochromogen) which can be visualized directly or, in case of enzymatic denaturation, indirectly by colour reactions, using the presence-absence method, may be observed if the ball is cut in half. This procedure (termed "change-over method" by the authors) permits to calculate the unknown k and E values from the radius of the visible inner circle. (This applied also to cylindrical forms.) Since this method allows to estimate approximately these reaction kinetic constants directly in the foodstuff under conditions encountered in practice, it is in many cases better suited for simulating, calculating, or optimizing desirable or undesirable protein changes occurring during thermal processing than the mere model experiment with abrupt heating which does not reproduce the changes in the reaction medium occuring during the slow increase or decrease in temperature. PMID- 1226204 TI - [Effect of enzymatic meat tenderizers]. AB - Tenderizing preparations which are applied intramuscularly or via the blood vessels spread throughout the endomysium and the perimysium and produce there their effects (especially on the collagenous portion of the connective tissue) during cooking in certain ranges of temperature. Sarcoplasmic proteins are also attacked, whereas myofibrillary proteins are not affected. Consequently, in contrast to natural meat ageing, only the collagen-induced background toughness is actually eliminated, and the actomyosin-induced toughness is influenced only in so far as the degradation of the connective tissue causes a general structural loosening of the meat. PMID- 1226206 TI - [Newer methods for characterization of protein molecules and their functional groups]. PMID- 1226207 TI - [Rheological properties of wheat gluten and their relation to molecular parameters]. AB - In the light of the general results of protein chemistry and of the interrelationships up to now established, it is stated that the factors which determine the mechanical properties are complex in nature. Though the amino-acid composition (cystine content, amino acids with hydrophobic side-chains) and the ratio of the wheat gluten fractions (ratio of high molecular protein components to low-molecular ones) exert some effect on the rheological properties, the linkages and the interactions between the different fractions play the main role in the development of the mechanical properties of the gluten. Among the various linkages and interactions which occur in protein architecture, the disulphide linkages, the hydrogen bonds (amido group, primary amino group) and the hydrophobic interactions (side-chains of proline, leucine, isoleucine, glutamine, etc.) are of great importance. The complex evaluation of data about the content of disulphide linkages, the degree of amidation of the glutamic and aspartic acids and the amount of amino acids with hydrophobic side-chain gives a significant insight which might be of practical value. PMID- 1226208 TI - [Structural differences between various quality glutens and between their protein components]. AB - The rheological differences between glutens of varying quality are determined by the non-uniform "packing density" of the protein components in the gluten complex which is due to the different amounts of the structure-stabilizing disulphide and hydrogen linkages. There is no direct relationship between the gluten quality and the protein composition of the gliadine fraction. On the contrary, it is apparent that structural differences between the gluteline fractions from glutens of varying quality are essential. Some recent knowledge concerning such differences is discussed. PMID- 1226209 TI - [Reduction dynamics of S-S bonds in wheat gluten]. AB - The new method of S-S bond determination was elaborated. It was based on the reduction of S-S bonds using 2-mercaptoethanol/ME/, the separation of the excess of ME using the Sephadex column and the application of ELLMAN's reagent for the determination of reduced SH groups. Using this method much higher contents of total S-S bonds, as well as of intermolecular ones could be observed, than by using Na2SO3 as a reducing agent. During the experiments on the reductivity of intermolecular S-S bonds in all investigated samples of gluten under the action of ME initially the increase of SH groups and then some steady state period could be noticed, in which no increase occurred, followed by further reduction. This means, that the one more type of S-S bonds, more accessible for the reducing agent of all may exist. It is suggested, that it can be the quaternary S-S bonds joining together separate molecules to form complexes able to disperse. As the observed "plateau" representing those bonds occurs at different level of the reduction percent and at the different time, after the reduction have been started, does the amount and strength of those bonds not influence the gluten quality. PMID- 1226210 TI - The protein complex of bread dough as an interacting system. AB - The interactions occurring in the protein complex of wheat dough have been characterized by the extraction and molecular sieving techniques supported with optical methods as well as with some rheological examinations. The effects of wheat albumin, soya globulin and beta-lactoglobulin preparations have been determined. The interactions of dough protein complex with soluble pentosans isolated from rye flour and with lipid fractions of wheat embryo were analysed as well. In most cases the advanced aggregation, leading to formation of high molecular weight product similar to glutenin fraction and the increase of insoluble protein fraction were observed. The albumin, globulin and gluten type proteins participated in the interactions. The beta-lactoglobulin generally caused an intense disaggregation of the dough protein complex. The increase of low molecular weight fraction contents was, however, accompanied with formation of some quantities of the high molecular weight complex. PMID- 1226211 TI - [Some new results from isolation and fractionation of low molecular weight wheat proteins]. AB - The alcohol-soluble wheat gluten fraction (gliadine) and the petroleum-ether soluble wheat protein fraction (purothionine) were isolated and analysed. The gliadine fraction was itself fractionated by gel chromatography (Sephadex G-100). The partial hydrolysis of sub-fractions (molecular weight 20000-30000) yielded (after separation by gel and ion-exchange chromatography) several peptide fractions. The amino-acid composition and the N- and C-terminal groups of the gliadine fractions were determined. Characteristic differences were stated between various fractions. By means of gel chromatography, purothionine was separated into 4-6 fractions. The study of the amino-acid composition and of the N-terminal groups of the fractions revealed differences in both properties. PMID- 1226213 TI - [Role of plant protein in human nutrition]. PMID- 1226212 TI - [Protein screening in wheat and broad bean specimens in Gatersleben]. AB - Actually and in future times plant proteins will constitute the main and primary source of proteins in animal feeding and human alimentation. Therefore, the main efforts to resolve the world nutrition problems are focused on the increase of the protein production and the improvement of the nutritional quality of plant seed proteins. In this regard plant breeding occupies one of the most important strategic positions. With the aim of selecting forms with elevated grain protein content and improved protein quality the systematic screening of collections of wild forms and cultivated cereals and leguminoses constitutes a pre-requisite of successful breeding work in relation to the above-mentioned task. In 1970 the Central Institute of Genetics and Investigation of Cultivated Plants at Gatersleben, GDR, belonging to the Academy of Sciences, started a systematic protein screening with about 10000 wheat, 6500 barley and 450 broad bean specimens, which are parts of the World Collection of Cultivated Plants at this institute. Protein determination was performed by the traditional KJELDAHL method. Limiting amino acids, essentially lysin from cereal grains, were estimated by automatic ion exchange technique. The annual analytic capacity amounted to 6000 to 8000 samples. First results and problems of wheat- and broad bean-screening are reported in the present publication. PMID- 1226214 TI - [Seed globulins from legumes. III. Seed globulins from broad bean (Vicia faba L.)]. AB - The seed globulins from Vicia faba predominantly consist of two components, vicilin and legumin, which are exclusively deposited within the protein bodies of the storage cotyledons. The globulin biosynthesis commences with high intensity within a distinct phase during seed development as a consequence of reactivated genetic information. Isolation and purification of vicilin and legumin were achieved by a combination of zone precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Purity was controlled by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide e gels at pH 4.3 and by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, respectively. Vicilin prepared by zone precipitation and ion exchange chromatography consists of several serologically different proteins. One of them occupies the legumin position on polyacrylamide gels, although not identic with legumin, as revealed by tandem immunoelectrophoresis. The serological nonrelationship of vicilin and legumin was confirmed. Vicilin is characterized by micro heterogeneity which seems to indicate a molecular polymorphism. PMID- 1226215 TI - [Characterization of thermally treated milk proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis]. PMID- 1226216 TI - [Formation of bitter peptides in cheese and from casein]. AB - Whereas a slightly bitter taste is desirable in certain foods, it is an off flavour in cheese which may even lead to unfitness for consumption. Bitter principles from cheese have been found to be peptides with molecular weights ranging from 2000 to 3000. For the purpose of further characterization, bitter peptides were isolated from enzymatic casein hydrolysates as well as from bitter cheese and purified. 30 proteases from different origins proved to be able to form peptides with bitter taste of varying intensity from casein. Present experience shows that the formation of bitter peptides during casein hydrolysis can be inhibited only to a very small measure. Bitter peptides are extrmely resistant to proteases, which is probably attributable to their high contents of hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophobic bonds. The detection of only N- or C terminal amino acid in each of 11 different bitter peptides shows that peptide chains are present and not cyclic peptides as repeatedly assumed. It must be aimed at avoiding the cheese defect "bitter" by using appropriate starter cultures and rennet substitutes as little disposed as possible to produce bitter peptides. PMID- 1226217 TI - [Criteria for indirect evaluation of protein status of organisms]. AB - The value of the determination of blood protein and amino acids is discussed. The results suggest that the serum albumin concentration is perhaps not very sensitive index of the protein value. But the level of plasma amino acids may yield valuable information of the protein state. However, there is no evidence that the use of the plasma amino-acid level as an indicator of the protein value is exclusively profitable. Determination of the urea level in the blood under standardized experimental conditions may be a good indirect estimation of the adequate protein ratio in an individual. Various enzyme activities seem to be no conclusive indices of the state of protein nutrition. A simple determination of the urinary nitrogen might perhaps be a satisfactory method for evaluating the protein quality for an individual. The determination of urinary urea closes not seem to be a more valuable indicator than the protein state. It has been shown that the diameter of the myofibrils depends on the adequate protein ratio in the feed. The weights of several muscles and different organs are also in agreement with the supply of protein. Furthermore, the author discusses the correlation of the nitrogen concentration in a single leg of the rat to that in the total body as a possible indirect method for determining the protein value. PMID- 1226218 TI - [Protein evaluation based on intermediary protein metabolism criteria]. AB - The activities of ornithine carbamyl transferase, arginase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase increase in the liver of the rat if the biological value of the dietary protein decreases. Experiments with pigs revealed in the blood serum an analogous high correlation between the biological value of the dietary protein and the activities of arginase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, leucine aminopeptidase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase. The most favourable possibility of protein evaluation on the basis of criteria of the intermediary protein metabolism consists in the determination of the blood urea concentration provided that the protein carrier supply is standardized. This procedure which has been elaborated by BERGNER and co-workers in 1968 for the determination of the protein quality was confirmed by TAYLOR and co-workers in 1974 on healthy individuals as a reliable and elegant measuring technique with highly significant correlation. It is concluded that the true biological value of protein carriers or protein mixtures which are intended for human nutrition can on principle be determined only in studies with healthy individuals. PMID- 1226219 TI - [Evaluation of protein quality in human and animal foodstuffs]. AB - Having mentioned the present criteria for the evaluation of the protein quality, which are almost exclusively based on a numerical value, the author explains and discusses the principles of new criteria suggested since 1969. The following criteria are presented: the "Index d'Equilibre de la Proteine" of Arnould; the criteria "Total Amino Acid Value" and "Essential Amino Acid Value", outlined by GLEM-HANSEN and EGGUM; the "Nitrogen Efficiency Ratio" of EGGUM; the model of a nitrogen balance function, developed by RUFEGER; the multicompartment model for studying the resorption and metabolism kinetics of nitrogen and amino acids, as extended by KRAWIELITZKI; the functional conception of the relationships between the parameters of the nitrogen metabolism and of the laws of growth, according to GEBHARDT, and the method for determining the true amino-acid digestibility according to DAMMERS [7], EGGUM [8], WIESEMULLER [23], POPPE and co-workers [19], UHLEMANN [22] and HERRMANN [12]. Finally, the author gives suggestions for further research on the evaluation of protein quality. PMID- 1226220 TI - [Digestion and resorption of proteins]. AB - A survey is given of the ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelial cell, especially of its lumenward membrane. Special attention is paid to the peptidases which are located in the ciliated border and within the cell. The authors deal with the purification of the membrane-bound aminopeptidase which is of importance in splitting dietary peptides and illustrate its specificity by the cleavage of casein. The amino acids which are liberated by peptide splitting have in part aminopeptidase-inhibiting properties. The possible digestion physiological consequences are discussed. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the composition of the content of the distal part of the small intestine of the rat with regard to its possible dependence on the composition of various dietary proteins. The composition of the peptides of the intestinal content is essentially undependent of the amino-acid composition of the diet. There is no enrichment of certain amino acids. The importance of the resorption of the peptides is also evidenced by resorption studies in which enzymatic hydrolysates of proteins (i.e. peptide mixtures) were confronted with a free amino-acid mixture of the same over-all composition. Taking glycyl-glycine-glycine as a model, the authors demonstrate that, in determined ranges of concentration, tripeptides may in part be resorbed without degradation. Finally, the importance of peptide resorption is evaluated and conclusions are drawn as to further studies on the physiology and physiopathology of digestion. PMID- 1226221 TI - [Interaction between proteins and oxidized lipids]. AB - Oxidized lipids react with proteins to form lipoproteid complexes in which the lipids are bound to the proteins in part by physical forces, in part by covalency. The free radicals resulting from the cleavage by hydroperoxides are the major precursors of the lipoproteid complexes. The interaction is associated with protein denaturation and oligomer formation. The lipids contained in the lipoproteid complexes are only in part extracted by chloroform-methanol; in part not until after acid or alkaline hydrolysis. The nutritive value of the protein moiety is diminished by the reaction of the hydroperoxides with methionine and cysteine and by the reaction of the peroxidic radicals and aldehydes with lysine and other basic amino acids. Secondary reactions of the lipoproteid complexes lead to brown coloured, only partly soluble compounds which often impair the organoleptic value. The rancidity products of the fats are neutralized by the reaction with proteins. The action of highly unsaturated oxidized lipids on proteins results in the development of a fishy aroma. PMID- 1226222 TI - [Simultaneous isolation of proteins and fats from oil seeds. I. Principle of procedure]. AB - The principle of the procedure for the simultaneous isolation of proteins and fats from oil seeds is illustrated by the isolation of these constituents from sunflower seeds. This procedure is based on the displacement of oil and the extraction of protein by an aqueous electrolyte solution after comminution of the pretreated seeds, removal of the insoluble cell components and separation of the extracts into a fat-containing and a protein-containing phase. The globulins are precipitated isoelectrically; the albumins, by using complexing agents or thermal coagulation. The liberation of the oil from the concentrated fat emulsion is achieved immediately in a mechanical way or after addition of destabilizers. The results are discussed with regard to the yields obtained and the composition of the final products. PMID- 1226223 TI - [Some details of isolation of total protein from biomass of monocellular organisms, for dietary purposes]. PMID- 1226224 TI - [Physicochemical aspects of synthetic food production]. AB - The authors discuss the general approach to the problem of the protein architecture and the working of proteins to synthetic foods. They present the main results from relevant studies on the compatibility and interactions of proteins and polysaccharides in aqueous media and deal with possibilities of influencing the structure formation and the physical properties of gels of given composition. PMID- 1226225 TI - [Production of synthetic caviar as example of processing of proteins in synthetic foods]. PMID- 1226226 TI - The stimulatory effect on gonadotropin release of implants of estradiol or progesterone in certain sites in the central nervous system. AB - The sites of stimulatory feedback of ovarian steroids on gonadotropin release were examined. In estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats, estradiol or progesterone was implanted stereotaxically into various hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic areas. Both steroids elevated plasma LH and FSH levels at 6 h when implanted unilaterally into the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area. Bilateral implants at this site were ineffective; presumably, this was due to the destructive lesion produced by the cannulae since in sham-implanted or anteriorly deafferented rats systemic estrogen was also ineffective. Unilateral estradiol implants in the medial basal hypothalamus elevated LH and FSH at 30 but not at 6 h. Maximum increases of plasma gonadotropins occurred 30 h after implantation of estradiol in the medial amygdaloid nuclei; progesterone implants at this site elevated only FSH at 6 h. Dissociation in the release of LH and FSH was also observed following implantation of estradiol into the hippocampus. Plasma FSH levels were dramatically reduced at 30 h while LH was slightly elevated. Progesterone implants in the hippocampus or medial basal hypothalamus did not alter plasma gonadotropin levels. PMID- 1226227 TI - Effects of stress on plasma corticosterone and growth hormone levels in rats with median eminence-pituitary islands. AB - The effects of stress on plasma corticosterone and growth hormone (GH) were determined in adult female rats 24 h after forebrain removal in order to study the anatomical substrate essential for stress-induced alteration of pituitary function. Rats with median eminence-pituitary islands (MEPI) showed significant increments in plasma corticosterone levels 15 min after immobilization-blood withdrawal stress. Rats with basal hypothalamic-pituitary islands (BHPI) showed comparable increments, suggesting that the presence of hypothalamic tissue in addition to median eminence did not enhance the steroid response. A subsequent study demonstrated that MEPI rats are capable of a 2nd response, 6 h after the first. MEPI rats also showed a significant 50% increase in plasma GH levels 15 min after immobilization-blood withdrawal. In a final experiment, MEPI rats showed corticosterone but not GH responses to immobilization applied without blood withdrawal. These data offer further evidence that some stressful stimuli can alter pituitary functions under short-term conditions in the absence of hypothalamic or other forebrain neurons. PMID- 1226228 TI - Compensatory adrenal growth is neurally mediated. AB - We have tested the possibility that compensatory adrenal growth is neurally mediated. Small unilateral electrolytic lesions were made in the ventral hypothalamus of young male rats. Subsequently, unilateral adrenalectomy was performed on the side ipsilateral or contralateral to the hypothalamic lesion. Four days later the animals were killed and the remaining adrenal was weighed; the location and extent of the hypothalamic lesions were determined. Lesions placed on the same side as adrenalectomy prevented compensatory growth of the remaining gland (p less than 0.005), while lesions on the side opposite to the removed adrenal did not interfere with compensatory adrenal growth. We conclude from these findings, and from a review of some anatomical studies, that compensatory adrenal growth is effected through a reflex that involves both afferent and efferent neural limbs. PMID- 1226229 TI - Lateral asymmetry in patients with nervous and mental disease. A preliminary study. AB - Hand preference and the performance of thumb-to-finger opposition by the right and left hands were tested in four samples: manic-depressives, schizophrenics, nonpsychotic patients with diseases of the central nervous system and normal control subjects. The schizophrenics and manic-depressives both showed significantly more pure dominance (e.g. right-handed, and superior right thumb opposition) than the normal controls, while the nonpsychotic patients with diseases of the central nervous system showed significantly more cross-dominance (e.g. right-handed, but superior left thumb opposition) than the normal control subjects. PMID- 1226230 TI - Schizophrenia susceptibility and HL-A antigen. AB - The phenotype frequencies of HL-A specificities have been investigated in 47 chronic schizophrenics subdivided in an older and a younger group. The frequency of HL-A 9 was significantly increased in the psychotics as compared to a reference group of 1,263 healthy blood donors, pregnant women and potential kidney donors. Deviations in frequency were also found concerning W 19 and HL-A 5. As HL-A 9 was mainly found in the older group of schizophrenics, it is suggested that HL-A 9 might be associated to some form of schizophrenia with a chronic course. PMID- 1226231 TI - Hypno-analgesia and acupuncture analgesia: a neurophysiological reality? AB - The effects of hypnosis, acupuncture and analgesic drugs on the subjective experience of pain and on objective neurophysiological parameters were investigated. Pain was produced by brief electric stimuli on the wrist. Pain challengers were: hypnosis (induced by two different video tapes), acupuncture (at specific and unspecific loci, with and without electrical stimulation of the needles), morphine and ketamine. Evaluation of clinical parameters included the subjective experience of pain intensity, blood pressure, puls, temperature, psychosomatic symptoms and side effects. Neurophysiological parameters consisted of the quantitatively analyzed EEG and somatosensory evlked potential (SEP). Pain was significantly reduced by hypnosis, morphine and ketamine, but not during the control seesion. Of the four acupuncture techniques, only electro-acupuncture at specific loci significantly decreased pain. The EEG changes during hypnosis were dependent on the wording of the suggestion and were characterized by an increase of slow and a decrease of fast waves. Acupuncture induced just the opposite changes, which were most significant when needles were inserted at traditional specific sites and stimulated electrically. The evoked potential findings suggested that ketamine attenuates pain in the thalamo-cortical pathways, while hypnosis, acupuncture and morphine induce analgesia at the later CNS stage of stimulus processing. Finally some clinical-neurophysiological correlations were explored. PMID- 1226232 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on the use of a new suture material: polyglycolic acid]. AB - Experimental and clinical investigation of polyglycolic acid, a new synthetic suture material, is reported. Experimental work was done on single-layer intestinal sutures, while clinical employment of the material was extended to various general surgery operations. There were few signs of inflammation at the site of implant, indicating that the new material has a greater degree of inertness than chronic catgut, restulting in optimal tolerance on the part of the body. PMID- 1226233 TI - [Use of a new oral antibiotic in surgery]. AB - Results with pivampicillin, a new ampicillin with complete gastric absorption and capable of producing high tissue levels, in the prevention and treatment of postoperative infection in 31 cases are presented. The antibiotic was effective in 29 cases, 4 of which had a prior history of antibiotic intractability. Side effects consisted of slight gastric disturbances, with suspension of treatment in 1 case only. No clinically significant changes in the laboratory data were noted. PMID- 1226234 TI - [Residual cystic stump. Its significance in post-cholecystectomy syndromes]. AB - Twelve patients with residual cystic stump syndromes are presented. Since such stumps play a part in the pain symptomatologies observed the day after cholecystectomy, it may be assumed that they are the site of alterations, whether in the stump it self or outside, but in all events in the biliary trunk; the choledochus and Oddi's sphincter are most commonly involved. In the 12 reported cases, the stump was abnormality long, dilated and the scene of chronic inflammation. Association with calculosis of the choledochus presents and aetiopathogenetic difficulty, since it is hard to determine the predominance of either condition; it was, in fact, present in 6 cases. Greater importance must be attached to amputation neuroma or sclerosing odditis. While it cannot always be shown that the residual stump is responsible for post-cholecystectomy syndromes, its removal on diagnosis is recommended when pain and dyskinesis are present. PMID- 1226235 TI - [Intestinal lymphagiectasis of surgical interest]. AB - Surgical management of a case of intestinal lymphangectasis with unusual features is reported. The view that the picture was one of early segmentary enteritis was supported by some aspects of the course and various anatomopathological features. PMID- 1226236 TI - [Toxic megacolon]. AB - Reference to the literature dealing with idiopathic rectocolitis and its complications, with particular attention to megacolon, is followed by the presentation of two cases of ulcerous colitis complicated by toxic megacolon and a picture of acute abdomen. Emphasis is placed on the clinical features of such complications and the surgical treatment required in accordance with the degree of seriousness of the case. PMID- 1226237 TI - [Intestinal obstruction in newborn infants. Clinical cases]. AB - Eleven cases of intestinal occlusion (4 personal and 7 culled from hospital records) are presented. The importance of certain symptoms, early diagnosis and the need for minimum trauma in surgical management are discussed. PMID- 1226238 TI - [Differentiated tumors of the thyroid. Correlations between radicality of the exeresis, recurrence and survival]. AB - An analysis is made of the results obtained in 50 papilliferous and 39 follicular thyroid tumours operated between 1949 and 1969, and forming part of a series of 150 thyroid cancer cases. If not radically managed, papilliferous tumours recur in the neck lymph nodes, though successful reoperation and survival for many years are possible. Follicular forms however, recur in the gland itself in 50% of cases, and prove fatal in one case out of three, even if reoperated. If the first operation is radical, the results are excellent when the tumour is contained in the thyroid, and will be good even when there are already metastases in the neck nodes. Recurrences in this site can be successfully reoperated and a cure obtained. Results will be poor, however, when invasion of the neck itself has begun. PMID- 1226239 TI - [End-to-end venous graft in cases of femoro-popliteal obstruction]. AB - A series of 112 cases of direct femoropopliteal revascularisation is presented, along with a new method and a description of its somewhat limited indications. The advantages and disadvantages of direct venous graft as opposed to the conventional by-pass are explained. If used in accordance with its specific indications, however, the new method offers results that are fully comparable with those obtained by a by-pass. PMID- 1226240 TI - [Repair of voluminous laparoceles]. PMID- 1226241 TI - [Reimplantation of the gallbladder. Indications and results]. AB - There is no good reason why a gallbladder that has been compressed and displaced by a parasitic or malformative cyst, but is otherwise free of anatomical or irreversible lesions, should be irrevocably sacrificed. Treatment of the primary lesion can thus be followed by re-implantation of the gallbladder. The indications for this surgical technique and its limitations are described with reference to a personal series. PMID- 1226242 TI - [Study of the therapeutic activity of fentonium in gastroduodenal ulcer]. AB - Personal experience with phentonium, a new synthetic synaptolytic, in the treatment of 26 patients with gastric or duodenal ulcerous conditions and of 4 other patients with gastroduodenitis is reported. Some subjective symptoms (pain, pyrosis, etc.) were taken into consideration and radiographic controls were carried out before and after treatment in order to determine the effect on the evolution of the ulcer niche. Phentonium was administered initially in all cases by the parenteral route (intravenous or intramuscular) in the dose of 10, 20 or 40 mg daily, according to the clinical picture, in one or two divided doses for varying periods (on the average 25 days) and in half the cases treatment was continued by the oral route at the dose of 60-80 mg daily (3-4 tablets) for about 20 days; in 3 cases treatment was continued by the oral route at the dose of 60 80 mg daily (3-4 tablets) for about 20 days; in 3 cases treatment was continued respectively for 5, 14 and 15 months. The therapeutic effect was evaluated as very favourable in 24 cases, discrete in 4 cases, scarce or absent in 2 cases. The time of disappearance or marked attenuation of the symptoms was very brief. The general tolerability of the preparation was excellent. On the basis of the observations made, it is concluded that phentonium represents an effective drug with a high therapeutic index in the treatment of ulcerous disease. PMID- 1226243 TI - [Clinical use of a new absorbable suture material in general surgery]. AB - Results with a new, completely absorbable synthetic suture material made of polyglycolic acid (Dexon) in abdominal and anorectal surgery are reported. It is considered that this material can usefully be employed in the place of known absorbable materials and, under certain conditions, non-absorbable materials. No complications due to inflammation and mucosa ulceration following transparietal migration of stitches in the sero-serous or seromuscular layer of the intestine were noted. The results obtained when stitches were left in situ in 37 intradermal sutures, on the other hand, were not so satisfactory and some scars were judged cosmetically poor after 6 months. These results are felt to be caused by Dexon's long absorption time. In cases of this kind, therefore, it should only be used in the form of removable, single stitches. PMID- 1226244 TI - [Treatment of hypertrophic and keloid cicatrices with thiomucase]. AB - As hypertrophic and keloid scars are formed essentially by fibrous connective tissue, the therapeutic response of an enzyme with specific action on mucopolysaccharides of the fundamental connective tissue substance (Thiomucase) was studied. This compound has been used with desamethazone phosphate in the ratio of 1:1 with promising results. PMID- 1226245 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic problems in heteroplastic dysembryomas of the mediastinum (HDM)]. PMID- 1226246 TI - [Uremic osteopathy. Clinical, histological, radiological and radioisotope study]. PMID- 1226247 TI - [Translumbar pyelography in the diagnosis of obstructive nephropathy in uremic phase]. PMID- 1226248 TI - [Glutamine metabolism and renal production of ammonia in man under normal conditions and in metabolic acidosis]. PMID- 1226249 TI - [Renal incapacity to utilize glutamine for ammonia production in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1226250 TI - [Effectof carbamyl-dibenzo-azepine and ethyl parachlorophenoxyisobutyrate on urinary excretion of water and solutes in pitressin-deficient diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 1226251 TI - [Use of some enzymological research in clinical nephrology. Study of renal clearance of lysozyme and malate dehydrogenase and urinary alpha-glucosidase]. PMID- 1226252 TI - [Influence of various therapeutic treatments on the glucose and lipid metabolism in chronic uremia]. PMID- 1226253 TI - [Growth retardation in chronic renal diseases in childhood]. PMID- 1226254 TI - [Research on some factors of hemostasis in patients with chronic uremia during conservative and dialytic therapy]. PMID- 1226255 TI - [Long-term treatment with propranolol of hypertension resistant to dialysis]. PMID- 1226256 TI - [Antirenin activity of practolol in uremic subjects under hemodialysis treatment]. PMID- 1226257 TI - [Clinico-morphological correlations in uremic osteodystrophy of patients with conservative and hemodialytic treatment with special regard to the ultrastructure]. PMID- 1226258 TI - Toxicological and teratological studies of a rapeseed protein diet in rats and mice. AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, a fed a rapeseed protein diet (containing 0.2 mg glucosinolates/g protein concentrate) from day 0, showed no teratological effects on the 18th day. However, rats which were permitted to deliver, developed anorexia and weight loss after day 18. A reddish discharge, not blood, from the nose stained the fur of most animals fed rapeseed protein. A similar discharge developed in dams fed on lab chow but fasted after day 18. At delivery, dams would neglect the newborn during the first 24 h but would then resume their diet and litter care. Surviving litters of rapeseed-fed animals were comparable to controls in weight after 3 weeks. Vitamin supplementation did not prevent these effects. Force feeding the diet by gavage aggravated these toxic effects and prolonged the gestation period. No toxic effects were seen until day 18 of gestation when the rapeseed protein diet was fed to rats 3--6 weeks before mating. Control rats given glucosinolates by gavage did not show any adverse effects. The rapeseed protein diet had no effect on NMRI mice during pregnancy and on litter care up to 3 weeks. PMID- 1226259 TI - Effect of non-ionic detergents on the absorption of fat and alpha-tocopherol in the rat. AB - Malabsorption of rat and alpha-tocopherol was induced in rats by feeding cholestyramine and the effect of Tween 80 and Pluronic F 68 was assessed. Tween 80 did not influence the malabsorption of fat or alpha-tocopherol. Pluronic F68 did not change alpha-tocopherol absorption but did significantly improve fat absorption. The proportion of radioactivity remaining in the liver 5 days after a labelled dose of alpha-tocopherol was increased when Tween 80 or Pluronic F68 was present, perhaps indicating increased absorption via the portal vein. Serum cholesterol levels were not affected by the different diets. The greatly increased excretion of faecal bile salt on dietary cholestyramine was unchanged by the detergents. PMID- 1226261 TI - An investigation in rats, into the metabolic consequences of early ingestion of dietary carbohydrates. AB - Weanling rats were given diets containing a high proportion of either glucose, sucrose or fructose until they reached 200 g weight, when they were either transferred to a control (chow) diet for 4 weeks or killed. The results were compared with rats receiving a control diet throughout. The triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in liver and in serum had returned to values similar to the control animals 4 weeks after being given the control diet. The fatty acid profile of liver TG and adipose lipid tended to take longer to return to normal. PMID- 1226260 TI - Effect of dietary rapeseed oil on hepatic hexobarbital metabolism in mice. AB - The effect of dietary rapeseed oil (RSO) on hepatic hexobarbital metabolism has been studied in short-term experiments in mice by measuring both the activity of mixed function oxidase system in microsomal preparations in vitro and the in vivo hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. Moreover, the fatty acid pattern of liver tissue, with particular regard to erucic and gadoleic acids, was analyzed gas chromatographically. The hexobarbital metabolism in young RSO-fed (RSO containing 52% of erucic acid and 7.4% of gadoleic acid; 50 cal% for 3 days) is lower by about 44% than in controls treated in the same way with peanut oil, independently of sex. RSO did not have a statistically significant effect of hexobarbital metabolism in adult animals of both sexes. As to the dose-response study, the prolongation of the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in young male is statistically significant when fed with 30 cal% in RSO for 3 days, while it is not more statistically significant in mice fed 15 cal% in RSO. In RSO mice (50 cal%) erucic and gadoleic acid account both for about 10% of the total fatty acids in the liver tissue, while they are quite absent in controls. It causes a relative deficiency of linoleic and arachidonic acids, known to be essential for synthesis and maintenance of the membranes supporting hepatic microsomal enzymes responsible for the metabolism of some drugs. PMID- 1226262 TI - Effect of dietary substitution of sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides on the activity of aromatic hydroxylase and the level of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes of growing rats. AB - The effect of dietary substitution of starch by sucrose, glucose, fructose or an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose on the activity of biphenyl hydroxylase and the level of the major terminal mixed function oxygenase, cytochrome P-450, has been studied in hepatic microsomal preparations from growing rats. The substitution of sucrose for starch depressed the contration and total activity per liver of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase and the concentration, but not the total amount, of cytochrome P-450 in weanling rats. The absolute amount of these enzymes in whole liver was not, however, similarly depressed by the constituents of sucrose, namely glucose and fructose, either when given alone or in equimolar mixture. All these sugars, however, depressed the total activity of biphenyl 2 hydroxylase. The activity of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase in the liver of weanling rats, but not of adults, was reduced when the level of sucrose in the diet was reduced from 60 to 10%. PMID- 1226263 TI - Effects of calcium solubility on adsorption by rats with induced achlorhydria. AB - Gastric X-irradiated, achlorhydric rats and sham-operated controls were fed diets containing very soluble calcium chloride or calcium gluconate or slightly soluble calcium carbonate or tricalcium phosphate for 3 weeks. Calcium was absorbed more efficiently by achlorhydric rats from the very soluble salts from the slihtly soluble salts. The control rats absorbed calcium from the very soluble and slightly soluble calcium salts with similar efficiency. Achlorhydric rats fed slightly soluble calcium salts developed weaker bones with a lower mineral content than did those fed very soluble calcium. Apparently, the very soluble dietary calcium offset the impaired calcium absorption of achlorhydric rats. Calcium solubility had no significant effect on the bones of control animals. PMID- 1226264 TI - Role of vitamin B6 on leucine-induced metabolic changes. AB - Administration of leucine at 3% level in the diet has been shown to increase tryptophan oxygenase activity and to decrease kynureninase activity in the liver and to increase quinolinic acid excretion in the urine of rats fed low amounts of vitamin B6 (0.5 mug/g diet). Vitamin B6 at 3 mug/g of diet was able to reverse the effects of leucine on enzyme activities, but not on quinolinic acid excretion. Isoleucine at 0.2% level could counteract the leucine effect on kynureninase but not on tryptophan oxygenase. Administration of leucine also decreased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brain. Simultaneous administration of isoleucine could counteract the effects of leucine on brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA partially at low amount of vitamin B6 but completely at higher levels of vitamin B6 in the diet. PMID- 1226265 TI - Effect on dietary sucrose and fructose on the metabolism and lipid fractions in liver in the rat. AB - Male and female weanling rats were fed one of the following diets for 26 weeks: 60% (w/w) starch as control (59% of energy content); 20 (20), 40 (39) or 60% (59%) sucrose; or 20% (20%) fructose. With increasing levels of dietary sucrose the livers of male rats but not those of females, were progressively heavier. Livers of rats of both sexes showed progressively higher total lipid levels mainly as a result of high triglyceride levels. The 20% fructose diet produced the same effect as the 40% sucrose diet. The incorporation of 14C-glucose into liver lipids in vitro, and the production of 14CO2 were both depressed by sucrose and fructose feeding in both sexes. PMID- 1226266 TI - [Effect of dietary magnesium levels on cardiac lesions in rats fed a diet rich in rapeseed oil]. AB - Cardiac lesions (histiocyte infiltration and fibrosis) obtained in rats fed rapeseed oil and 3 magnesium levels (high, low and normal) during 30 or 50 days are quantified by their size. Correspondence factorial analysis is used to compare the results. After 30 days, less cardiac lesions of histiocyte infiltration or fibrosis appear with rats fed a diet high in both rapeseed oil and magnesium than with normal or low magnesium diet. After 50 days, cardiopathogenic effects are less severe with normal magnesium diet than with the others (high or low). In both cases, more severe lesions are seen with low magnesium diet. It is concluded that magnesium overload in the diet does not protect against the cardiopathogenic effects of a diet containing high levels of rapeseed oil. Classical nephrocalcinosis and hypomagnesemia are seen with a low magnesium diet (70 ppm). PMID- 1226268 TI - [Effect of unsaturated dietary fats on growth and lipogenesis in rats]. AB - In the growing rats weighting between 70 and 300 g, when 20% of the total daily energy intake consists either of 'lard (with 36% oleic acid) or sunflowerseed oil (with 61% linoleic acid)', lipogenesis, proteinogenesis, feed efficiency ratio and body compositions are identical. With the nutritional conditions used during these experiments, the occurrence of a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids level in the diet cannot be considered as an exogenous factor able to modify the parameters studied. PMID- 1226267 TI - Influence of a long or medium chain triglyceride diet on intermediary hepatic metabolism of the rat. AB - Two groups of rats were given, ad libitum, diets containing 20% fat for 4-5 weeks. The fat consisted of either long chain (LCT) or medium chain triglycerides (MCT). A third group of rats was given a low fat control diet. No difference in weight increase could be found between LCT and MCT rats. Total lipids and cholesterol concentrations in the plasma were the same whatever the diet. The high fat diets caused an increase in hepatic acetyl-CoA, citrate, malate and ketone body concentrations. Concentration of ketone bodies in the blood, however, decreased. No ketonuria occurred in any case. Hepatic levels of adenosine 5' triphosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate and inoganic phosphate seemed higher in MCT rats than in LCT rats. The levels of these substrates were increased in both groups compared with the control group. LCT rats had hepatic (NS) and blood (HS) lactate and pyruvate concentrations below the corresponding figures for control rats. Hepatic and blood lactate concentrations in MCT rats were at least equal to or slightly higher (NS) than those of control rats. Hepatic glucose and glycogen and blood glucose concentrations were higher in rats given the high fat diet. PMID- 1226269 TI - Effect of ethanol on the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue of male and female rats. AB - The effect of a single large dose of ethanol on the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue of previously fasted male and female rats was followed over a 16-hour period. Feeding of ethanol caused an increase in the plasma triacylglycerol concentration in both male and female rats. This has previously been attributed to an increased secretion of triacylglycerols from the liver into the plasma. The present results show that there is probably not any significant increase in the uptake of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue after ethanol feeding in male and female rats, since there was no major increase in the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue. This may be a prerequisite for the ethanol-induced increase in the plasma triacylglycerol concentration and shows the unphysiological nature of ethanol as a source of energy. PMID- 1226271 TI - Patterns of urinary iodine excretion in a newly identified goitrous area of central Sicily. AB - The results of a clinical survey, relative to goiter prevalence and carried out on 2,805 male and female subjects aged from 6 to 15 years, in five small towns in the province of Caltanissetta (Sicily), are reported. Along with clinical examinations, urinary iodine determinations were performed. The identification and classification of goiter have been carried out according to criteria suggested by WHO. Considering both sexes together, 33.6% of the children presented type 1 goiter, and 4.6% presented type 2. Goiter prevalence in the five areas studied appeared to be related to the differences in the iodine content of the various drinking waters. The patterns of urinary iodine excretion, expressed as I/C ratio and derived from determinations performed on 924 of the total number of subjects examined, are reported. An analysis of these data shows that the school population as a whole, in these endemic goitrous areas, presented I/C values significantly different between goiter subjects and non-goiter subjects. PMID- 1226270 TI - Long-term effects of starvation-refeeding in the rat. AB - The effects of one vs. two episodes of starvation-refeeding were studied in young male rats as a function of elapsed time between the two episodes of starvation refeeding. Starved-refed rats ate more and gained weight faster than ad libitum fed rats. The difference in weight gains could be attributed to the greater amount of body fat in the starved-refed rats. The responses of four NADP-linked liver dehydrogenases:isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD)/LS-isocitrate:NADP oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.42), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)/D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.49); 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD/6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.44); and malic enzyme (ME)/L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.40) were studied. Starvation-refeeding caused an overshoot of G6PD, 6PGD, and ME, but not of ICD. A second episode of starvation caused an even greater enzyme overshoot; this difference persisted for 3 weeks with G6PD and for 2 weeks with 6PGD and ME. No significant differences in blood cholesterol were detected. PMID- 1226272 TI - Nutritional regulation of lipid metabolism in rats. VII. Effect of overnight fasting on liver lipids of rats fed different levels of essential fatty acids. AB - Effect of dietary levels of essential fatty acid (EFA), 20% corn oil, 5% corn oil, 20% lard and no fat, on the overnight fasting-induced changes in the concentration and composition of liver lipids of rats was investigated. The increase due to fasting in triglyceride (TG) was not observed when the liver previously contained relatively large amounts of the glyceride. In contrast, phospholipid levels were similarly and significantly increased. Overnight fasting induced increases in percentage of linoleic acid in TG and arachidonic acid in TG and arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine, the extents of those being nearly paralleled with decreasing dietary levels of EFA. These changes are interpreted as a reflection of the compensatory action of the body. PMID- 1226273 TI - Some effects of different dietary carbohydrates on pregnancy and lactation in rats. AB - Female rats were fed from weaning on diets with sucrose, starch, glucose or fructose as the carbohydrate source. Animals were killed at various stages throughout pregnancy and early lactation. Maternal plasma triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, free fatty acids, glucose, insulin and corticosteroids were measured. Lipogenic activity was assayed in the livers, adipose tissue and mammary tissue, and the results compared with those from non-pregnant rats. Insulin, corticosteroids and hepatic lipogenesis were also assayed in the embryos and in newborn pups. Dietary sucrose and fructose produced a significantly higher concentration of plasma TG in the non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating rats than did starch and glucose. All the diets led to an increase in TG concentration at the 20th day of pregnancy, which returned to the original concentration 2 days post-partum. The hypertriglyceridaemia of late pregnancy was accentuated by the feeding of sucrose and fructose. Maternal concentrations of plasma glucose were significantly reduced towards the end of pregnancy in all dietary groups. The replacement of starch by sucrose, or of glucose by fructose, enhanced hepatic lipogenesis. Fructose but not sucrose depressed fat synthesis in the adipose tissue. Hepatic fatty acid synthetase activity was increased in late pregnancy on all diets except that with starch. Late pregnancy intensified hepatic lipogenesis in rats fed sucrose or fructose. The results are discussed in relation to the metabolic changes during pregnancy and to sucrose feeding. PMID- 1226274 TI - Effect of pantothenic acid deficiency on microsomal lipids of rat liver. AB - Microsomal lipids of the liver from control rats and pantothenic acid (PA) deficient rats, kept on a diet for a period of 75-116 days, were examined. Separation of individual phospholipids revealed a significant decrease in phosphatidyl choline in PA deficiency. PMID- 1226275 TI - [Crural amputation stump by Pirogov's method and prosthesis in the invalids]. PMID- 1226276 TI - [Psychotherapy in the prosthetic clinic]. PMID- 1226277 TI - [Model of walking with hip prosthesis with external source of energy]. PMID- 1226278 TI - [Vascular changes in congenital hand deformities in children]. PMID- 1226279 TI - [Surgical treatment of dysplastic coxarthroses]. PMID- 1226280 TI - [Intra-articular pressure in coxarthrosis]. PMID- 1226281 TI - [Surgical treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head in adults]. PMID- 1226282 TI - [Indications for endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 1226283 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activity in tissues of the region of pseudarthroses]. PMID- 1226284 TI - [Pathologic fractures of the tubular bones of the hand]. PMID- 1226285 TI - [Outcome of treatment and work capacity evaluation of patients with traumatic dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle]. PMID- 1226286 TI - [Certain problems of surgical tactics in anomalies of the hand]. PMID- 1226287 TI - [Method of control of postural adjustment of a patient in preparation of orthopedic corset]. PMID- 1226289 TI - [Method of compression arthrodesis of the ankle joint]. PMID- 1226288 TI - [Characteristics of prosthesis of patients with amputation defects of the anterior and medial sections of feet]. PMID- 1226290 TI - [Basic stages and trends in the development of the problem reparative bone regeneration]. PMID- 1226291 TI - [Certain general principles of energy metabolism in traumatic shock]. PMID- 1226292 TI - [Hemodynamics, gas composition and electrolyte balance in experimental traumatic shock]. PMID- 1226293 TI - [Use of serotonin in traumatic shock]. PMID- 1226294 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cerebral fat ombolism, intracranial hematomas and inflammatory processes in the brain after trauma]. PMID- 1226295 TI - [Complications and their treatment in industrial trauma associated with shock in miners]. PMID- 1226296 TI - [Ischemic toxin]. PMID- 1226297 TI - [Lethal outcome in patients with fractures]. PMID- 1226298 TI - [Depressed fractures of bones of the cranial vault in infants under 1 year of age]. PMID- 1226299 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange in shock after acute trauma]. PMID- 1226300 TI - [Outcome of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children treated with corticosteroid hormones and their physical and sexual development]. PMID- 1226301 TI - [Errors and complications of treatment of injuries of arteries of the limbs]. PMID- 1226302 TI - [Prolonged crush syndrome of the limb associated with injury of main vessels]. PMID- 1226303 TI - [Tomographic examination in traumatic spondylitis]. PMID- 1226304 TI - [Prevention of bedsores during treatment of patients with spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 1226306 TI - [Correction of contractures of the knee joint caused by Little's disease]. PMID- 1226305 TI - [Causes of lethal outcome in patients with trochanteric fractures of the femur]. PMID- 1226307 TI - [Correction of hemodynamic disorders in patients with tuberculous spondylitis under conditions of long-term hypokinesia]. PMID- 1226308 TI - [Our experience with organization of an orthopedic-traumatological department]. PMID- 1226309 TI - [Oxygen consumption in traumatic shock]. PMID- 1226310 TI - Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein levels in a Japanese rural population. PMID- 1226311 TI - Peripheral blood findings of young females through the result of blood tests on students of a women's college. PMID- 1226312 TI - Relationship between osmotic fragility of red blood cells by coil plant centrifuge and peripheral blood findings in lead workers. PMID- 1226313 TI - False abdominal aortic aneurysm. A case report. PMID- 1226314 TI - [Morphology of myometrial and decidual arteries in normal pregnancy, in toxemia of pregnancy, and in maternal diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - 127 specimens, obtained by different methods from the myometrium and the placental bed after parturition, are investigated histologically. This material includes normal pregnancies as well as cases of maternal diabetes with and without hypertension and cases of hypertension in EPH-gestosis. The different parts of the arterial system (spiral arteries, basal arteries, radial arteries) are separately investigated. Physiologically, the pregnancy induces changes in the wall of the decidual arteries and possibly in the distal part of the radial arteries. The fibromuscular layer including the elastic fibers were destructed and replaced by fibrin and connective tissue. For this reason, in these parts of arteries it is very difficult to separate pathological from physiological changes. PMID- 1226315 TI - [Changes in hemodynamics in various forms of experimental hypertension in young, adult and old animals]. PMID- 1226316 TI - [Biosynthesis of corticosteroids from progesterone-C14 by the adrenals of rabbits in the dynamics of the development of experimental renal hypertension]. PMID- 1226317 TI - [Leukopoietins following leukopheresis in dogs]. PMID- 1226318 TI - [Influence of thermal processing in vitro on the toxic properties of skin extracts]. PMID- 1226319 TI - [Causes of hypoxia in hemotransfusion shock in dogs]. PMID- 1226320 TI - [Influence of heparin on the energy metabolism of the brain and kidneys of rats under conditions of normoxia and hypoxic hypoxia]. PMID- 1226321 TI - [Characteristics of glycolysis in the tissues of the brain and myocardium of rats in acute ischemia of the brain]. PMID- 1226322 TI - [Influence of massive doses of vitamin B1 on some mechanisms of natural immunity]. PMID- 1226323 TI - [Dynamics of the development of the initial phase of aseptic inflammation in alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 1226325 TI - [Reaction of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system to surgical intervention in renal ischemia in dogs of various ages]. PMID- 1226324 TI - [Influence of anti-cardiac antibodies on the contracting cells of the heart of a duck enmbryo in culture]. PMID- 1226326 TI - [Influence of angiotensin II on the fatty acid level in the triacylglycerides of the blood plasma of rabbits]. PMID- 1226329 TI - [Influence of fever on the coagulation system of the blood]. PMID- 1226327 TI - [Influence of the tumor process induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and benz(A)pyrene on the development of sarcoma 180 transplants]. PMID- 1226328 TI - [Some spasmogenic properties of the peritoneal fluid in intestinal obstruction in experiments]. PMID- 1226330 TI - [Experimental model of cholestants with subsequent restoration of bile outflow]. PMID- 1226331 TI - [Lysosome-cation test]. PMID- 1226332 TI - [Method of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the blood serum proteins of rabbits]. PMID- 1226333 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of some antineoplastic agents in "normal" rats and bled rats (preliminary findings)]. PMID- 1226334 TI - [Cytology of breast needle-aspirates studied on bioptic and surgical material and correlation with the respective histological aspects]. PMID- 1226335 TI - [Australia antigen and viral hepatitis: correlations and relations between mother and fetus]. PMID- 1226336 TI - [Accessory spleen in the scrotum]. PMID- 1226337 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in epithelioid sarcoma]. PMID- 1226338 TI - [The "small airways disease" and its early diagnosis]. AB - The "small airways disease" constitutes the initial, silent step of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies and remains misknown for a long time. Discussion is made of an anatomic and physiologic definition of these small airways and authors insist on the concept of MEAD's equal pressure point. The classical technics of functional study (spirometry, determination of the resistances in the airways) are of poor help for evidencing the lesions of these airways; more specifical technics have been advanced (flow-volumes curves, frequency-dependence of the compliance...). Their meaning and their place in the detection and diagnosis of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies is presently object of numerous discussions. PMID- 1226339 TI - [The small airways obstruction: an assay of structure-function correlation]. AB - A review is made of the structural lesions responsible of the small airways obstruction: stenosis of the peripheral membranous bronchioles, either segmental stenosis or diffuse narrowing; loss of bronchioles consecutive to the inflammatory destruction of their walls; mucus plugs; fine or metabolic modifications of the distal bronchiolar epithelium. It is probable that these two latter lesions,--mucus plugs and lesions of the bronchiolar epithelium--, are reversible. Nevertheless, we don't know presently what are among these various bronchiolar lesions those responsibles for the alteration of the functional tests used in the study of early obstruction of the small airways. PMID- 1226340 TI - [Regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion in the beginning chronic bronchopneumopathies]. AB - The regional distribution of lung ventilation and perfusion was determined in five normal subjects and in patients suffering from chronic bronchitis or asthma with variable functional repercussion, and also in some cases of beginning lung emphysema. The system of detection under use is a scanning camera coupled with a computer. In the case of chronic bronchitis or of asthma, there exists, the more often, a redistribution of lung ventilation and perfusion from the bases towards the vertices. The alterations are less evident in the cases of emphysema submitted to study. The limits of the method are object of discussion. Its application to the early detection of bronchopneumopathies does not appear as possible. PMID- 1226342 TI - [Frequency dependance of compliance]. AB - Resistance of peripheral or "small" airways is only a small part of the total pulmonary resistance (Raw). Even considerable obstruction in these airways will have little effect on total resistance. Conversely this will lead to inequality in the time constants of units in parallel, and dynamic lung compliance (C dyn) shall fall as respiratory frequence increases. C dyn is measured from simultaneous recordings of transpulmonary pressure (esophageal balloon) and volume obtained from a volume displacement plethysmograph. If Raw and static compliance are found to be normal, the frequency dependance of compliance will result from peripheral airway obstruction only. Early stages of chronic airway obstruction can be established by this method. However this appear not suitable for wide-scale studies. PMID- 1226341 TI - [Determination of the closing volume and its value in the early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease]. AB - The determination of the closing volume appears as a good test for the early detection of obstructive lung diseases and of disorders in the ventilation distribution. Easy to perform, its use should become extensive. To make use of this investigation under the better possible conditions, it is strictly necessary to respect methodologic norms and an excellent technology and to be aware of some morphologic anomalies in the curves. PMID- 1226343 TI - [The maximary expiratory flow-volume curve]. AB - The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve is obtained by recording simultaneously, in the course of a forced expiration, the volume in abscissa and the flow in ordinate. Mention is made of the various recording technics and also of the ways for quantifying the results (determinations of the instantaneous flows at various volumes). The clinical applications of the flow-volume curves are taken in consideration. The advantages and inconvenients of this method are discussed. PMID- 1226344 TI - [Pulmonary airflow and beginning obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 1226346 TI - [Respiratory function changes in a group of heavy smokers following substitution of a less irritating cigarette for the smokers' habitual cigarette]. PMID- 1226345 TI - [Determinations of the carbon monoxide diffusion at the early stages of chronic obstructive lung disease]. AB - The determinations of the diffusion capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLco) with single breath or steady state methods find their elective indication in the diseases affecting electively the alevolar-capillar membrane, particularly in the cases of fibrosis. In the course of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies, they are more or less disturbed by the anomalies in the distribution of lung ventilation and perfusion that coexist with them in a constant mood. Nevertheless, it has been proved that the fall in DLco and in the relation DLco/alveolar volume is one of the elements that contribute to recognize lung emphysema and to make the distinction between the same and chronic bronchitis or asthma. It is also well established that DLco is lowered in the smokers, but the meaning of this fact is presently bad known: artefact due to the presence of carboxic-hemoglobin; lesion of the alveolar-capillar membrane or anomaly in the bronchiolar permeability. DLco is also diminished in some asymptomatic subjects bearers of a deficiency in alpha-l-antitrypsin and may be also encountered in the course of beginning lung emphysema with anatomic authentication. In some cases, the fall in DLco might therefore bear witness, prior to any spirographic alteration, of the involvement of the alveolar-capillar membrane, but not of the true bronchial obstruction. PMID- 1226347 TI - [Comparison between the closing volume comportments and the Vmax/V curve in patients with obstruction of the small airways]. AB - Three groups of patients with obstruction of the small airways and normal main airways were submitted to study by determining the closing volume and the V max/V curve. In the first group (beginning chronic bronchitis) was noted an alteration of the curve with normal closing volume in almost all the cases; in the second group (asthma in the remission phase) the closing volume was increased and the curve normal in a part of the patients, -while in the other part the closing volume was normal and the curve altered; in the third group (recent heart infarct), a significative increase in the closing volume was noted with a slightly altered curve: improvement of the tests was obtained after administration of diuretics, the improvement being far more noticeable for the closing volume than for the V max/V curve. The closing volume is therefore an extremely sensitive test of the obstruction of the small airways when the obstruction interests before all the basal zones of the lungs. When the resistances of the small airways are irregularly distributed, the determination of the V max/V curve is, conversely, more useful. PMID- 1226348 TI - [Modifications in the closing volume due to the inhalation of tobacco smoke]. AB - Two methods, the one making use of nitrogen and the other of body plethysmography were applied to a group of normal young subjects in order to value the effects of the inhalation of tobacco smoke on the "closing volume". The results obtained with the two methods are different; according to authors, this phenomenon may be explained on the base of the physiopathologic meanings of the closing volume, under the condition to admit that tobacco smoke may promote an early closure and before all disorders in the distribution of the residual volume. PMID- 1226349 TI - [Comparison in patients with chronic bronchitis of the data offered by the output volume loop and the transfer capacity of CO]. AB - The present study concerns 78 cases of chronic bronchitis (mean age : 55,3 years) submitted to a complete enough functional respiratory study (spirometry, RV, blood gases) and distributed into three groups:--Group I: 78 cases, mean age : 55 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination and determination of the transfer capacity of CO (by making use of the method under single breath : 54 cases,--or the method with steady state : 24 cases).- Group II : 15 cases, mean age 54 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination, determination of the transfer capacity of CO with the method under single breath and to a determination of the V (60-70%) CT output on the output-volume loop.--Group III : 13 cases, mean age 53,9 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination, determination of the transfer capacity of CO with the method under steady state and a determination of the V (60-70%) CT output on the output-volume loop. The comparison of the data and the study of the eventual correlations between the various parameters determined suggests that the determination of the V (60-70 %) CT on the V/V loop is a more reliable parameter of the obstructive ventilatory syndrome than the determination of the disorders in the transfer capacity of CO. This latter method of study under steady state appears often modified when there exists an alveolar (as yet mentioned by other authors); however, this is not the case when the test is performed under single breath. In the detection of chronic bronchitis, the informations obtained with the determination of the V (60-70 %) CT output appear thus to assume a great value, but these results necessitate to be verified in a greater number of patients. PMID- 1226350 TI - [Normal value and age and sex correlations of mean expiratory output (25-75%). Diagnostic value in early obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. AB - The maximum output of half-expiration (MMFR) or DME 25-75% is studied in 136 subjects, evalued as non obstructive, after the determination of the MEVS/VC X 100. The values noted are reported to the body surface (S) in order to eliminate the biometric differences. A highly close correlation, of the exponential type, is thus put in evidence for each sex between the DME/S and the age of the subjects. The study of the DME in subjects with obstructive Tiffeneau makes possible: a) to determine an inferior limit of the normal condition; b) to bring confirmation of the fiability of the test. The study of the determination of the DME/S is then performed in subjects with normal MEVS/VC X 100 and clinically suspect of bronchial obstruction (tobacco addicts, patients at stage I of chronic bronchitis, asthmatic patients outside the attacks). The DME determination lets appear the presence of a bronchial obstruction in almost one half of the subjects submitted to study. PMID- 1226351 TI - [Pediatric spirometry as a prognostic test of adult obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. AB - Authors study the spirometry of 40 asthmatic children between 6 and 12 years in age. Spirometric determination was performed immediately after the asthmatic attack and also at least 15 days after the last attack. The cases have been subdivided into four groups for what concerns Tiffeneau's index and Mottly's index. The group of subjects with abnormal Tiffeneau's and Mottly's indices is of particular interest. There exists probably in such subjects a beginning emphysema that might lead up, at the adult age, to a picture of obstructive bronchopneumopathy. PMID- 1226352 TI - [Lung ductances and the determination of lung diffusion capacity in silicosis]. AB - A study of the behaviour of global and partial lung ductances for CO having for aim to value the lung diffusion function in 97 silicotic workers was undertaken by authors. The workers were divided into three groups according to the Cincinnati classification. The mean values of the global ductance for CO let appear a fall in all the groups when comparison is made with the standard values previously registered in a group of normal subjects. The partial ductances have put in evidence a fall in the mean values below the normal values, only for what concerns the alveolar-capillar ductance for groups 2 and 3. The study of partial ductances in bronchitic and non-bronchitic silicotic subjects lets appear in the first ones a fall in the ventilatory and alveolar-capillar ductances,-- and in the second ones an isolated fall in the alveolar-capillar ductance. PMID- 1226353 TI - [The actual state of diagnostics and therapy of carcinoma of the prostata (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226354 TI - [Penis carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226355 TI - [Hormonal regulation of the level of angiotensinogen in the blood plasma]. PMID- 1226356 TI - [Functional state of the thyroid gland and thyrotropic activity of the hypophysis in patients with dyspituitarism of the puberto-adolescent period]. AB - The authors report the results of study of the thyroid gland function in 72 patients with dyspituitrism of the puberto-juvenile period; the thyrotropic activity of the hypophysis was also studied in 37 of these patients. It was revealed that the TTH level could change both in the direction of decrease and of elevation; the inorganic phase of the iodine metabolism was reduced and the organic one--elevated. Such disproportion between the inorganic and organic phases of iodine metabolism in this disease was attributed to the hormonal disbalance, the excess in the organism of glucocorticoids and estrogens. PMID- 1226357 TI - [Study of the level of lipids in the blood serum of patients with Shereshevsky Turner syndrome]. AB - A comparative study of serum cholesterol, total lipoprotein and triglyceride level in patients with the XO karyotype and in normal subjects (XX) showed cholesterol and total lipoprotein to be increased in these patients; as to triglyceride level--it proved to be unchanged. The type of hyperlipoproteinemia was established in 7 of 18 patients examined; all of them under 30 years old. Thus, the incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia in the XO patients was sharply increased; this seems to be related to the low estrogen level. PMID- 1226359 TI - [Excretion of testosterone in men with various forms of hypogonadism]. AB - A reduction of testosterone excretion in men with hypogonadism is reported in literature; however, the clinical peculiarity of its individual forms are not considered in these works. This paper treats of testosterone excretion in 43 patients with various forms of hypogonadism, of this number in 36 before and after a single testosterone-propionate loading. There was seen a reduction of testosterone excretion in hypogonadism. Secondary hypogonadism coursed against the background of a more marked insufficiency of testosterone excretion than the primary one. In a number of hypogonadism cases testosterone excretion remained unchanged and their clinical signs were caused by an inadequate realization of the androgenic effect. In hypogonadism an increase of the urinary excretion following its administration did not always correspond to the dose of the administered hormone, which could serve as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of development of the disease. PMID- 1226358 TI - [Excretion of estriol in pregnancy complicated by diabetes]. AB - A study was made of estriol excretion in the urine of women during normal pregnancy and in pregnancy against the background of diabetes. It was revealed that estriol secretion was decreased in pregnant women suffering from diabetes. As supposed there existed an interrelationship between the diabetic status and the level of estriol excretion. PMID- 1226360 TI - [Excretion in the urine of glucuronides of testosterone and androstenedione in women with climacteric neurosis and without neurosis]. AB - The author elaborated a method of study of the urinary excretion of the testosterone and androstendione glucoronides and applied it in 20 women (4 healthy women of reproductive age, 10 women at the postmenopause with a climacteric neurosis, and 7 healthy women during the climacteric). In healthy women the mean values of testosterone and androstendione urinary excretion showed no significant difference from those in women of the reproductive age and during the climacteric. It is supposed that the level of urinary excretion of these hormones showed but little change with the progress of age. As to women with a climacteric neurosis, there was no significant change of the mean values of urinary excretion to testosterone and androstendione in comparison with healthy women of the same age. This suggests that the androgenic function of the adrenal glands in this neurosis showed no significant change. Patients with a climacteric neurosis displayed higher variations in the values of the urinary excretion of testosterone and androstendione glucoronides, which was possibly associated with disturbances of regulation of the production of the androgens by the hypothalamic centres. PMID- 1226361 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in a patient with pituitary dwarfism]. PMID- 1226362 TI - [2 cases of Sipple's syndrome]. PMID- 1226363 TI - [Dynamics of inhibition of the hypophyso-adrenal function in the administration of isotonic solutions of hydrocortisone into various hypothalamic nuclei]. AB - Injection of 1% hydrocortisone solution into the arcuate, ventromedial or supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus inhibited the activity of the hypophysis adrenal system. This inhibition began 0.5 hours after the administration of the hormone into the microcellular nuclei and reached the maximum in 2 hours when the corticosteroid secretion was cut by about half. After the injection of hydrocortisone into the supraoptic nucleus inhibition of the hypophysis-adrenal system began later than in its administration into the arcuate or the ventromedial nucleus. In this case the level of corticosteroids began to decrease two hours after the injection, and in 3 hours it was half of the initial one. Apparently hydrocortisone retarded the synthesis of the corticotropine-releasing factor in the hypothalamic nuclei. PMID- 1226364 TI - [Influence of DOPA, dopamine and melatonin on adrenal function in rats]. AB - Experiments were conducted on Wistar rats, 160 to 180 g in weight. Epiphysectomy and pseudoepiphysectomy were carried out 14 days before the main experiment. Adrenal gland function was assessed by the rate of secretion of aldosterone and corticosterone into the adrenal vein and by the content of adrenaline in the adrenal glands. DOPA, dopamine and melatonine were administered into the third cerebral ventricle in a dose of 1 gamma per 100 g of weight, and intravenously in a dose of 100 gamma per 100 g of weight. Intraperitoneally melatonin was injected in a dose of 1 mg/100 g twice a day for 3 days. It was shown that administration of DOPA to males and of dopamine to females into the third ventricle of the brain increased the rate of aldosterone secretion in the intact rats. With different methods of administration melatonine decreased the rate of aldosterone and corticosterone secretion in the intact rats. Intravenous injection of melatonine to epiphysectomized rats stimulated the rate of secretion of the mentioned hormones. PMID- 1226365 TI - [Autoregulation of the somatic function of the adenohypophysis in intact and thyroidectomized rats]. AB - Experiments conducted on male rats showed exogenous STH (2 mg daily for 10 days, subcutaneously) to cause a reduction in the STH content in the adenohypophysis and in the incorporation of labeled amino acids into the SHT in vitro both in intact and in thyroidectomized animals. Exogenous STH somewhat normalized the increase in body weight and the weight of the adenohypophysis of the thyroidectomized animals. A conclusion was drawn that autoregulation of the somatotropic function of the adenohypophysis persisted under conditions of a marked thyroid hormone deficiency. PMID- 1226366 TI - [Influence of destruction of the subcommissural organ on the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex]. AB - Experiments were conducted on 30 rats; a study was made of the morphometric and quantitative enzymatico-chemical changes in the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex in stereotaxic disturbance of the subcomissural organ; there was established a marked atrophy of the glomerular zone, a significant reduction of the diameter of the nuclei of the adrenocorticocytes and depression in these structures of the enzymatic activity of the energy metabolism. Histophysiological characteristics of the glomerular zone can be assessed as its hypofunctional condition and indicates an association between the functional activity of the subcommissural organ and the production of aldosterone. PMID- 1226367 TI - [Organotropicity and the dynamics of the clearance of exogenous labelled TSH from the blood under conditions of stimulation and blockade of the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis]. AB - Experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats. Incorporation into the kidney, the liver and the thyroid gland of I131-TSH and its elimination from the blood was studied. The rate of I131-TSH elimination from the blood plasma varied depending on the level of the endogenous TSH in the circulating blood of the recipient rats. The half-elimination period of the I131-TSH from the blood plasma of the intact rats constituted 10.4 minutes. In these animals the labeled hormone accumulated in the thyroid gland only 30 minutes after its administration. In case of an increase of the blood level of endogenous TSH following thyroidectomy the period of half-elimination of the I131-TSH from the plasma fell to 3.6 minutes; with reduction of the endogenous hormone level due to the block of the hypophysial secretion by triiodothyronine the period of the I131-TSH half elimination rose to 39.4 minutes. In the latter case the labeled hormone failed to be incorporated into the thyroid gland. A conclusion was drawn on a possibility of assessing the level of the thyrotropic activity of the hypophysis on the basis of the changes in the period of the I131-TSH half-elimination from the blood plasma of the recipient animals. PMID- 1226368 TI - [Blood sugar level and immunoreactive insulin in the blood plasma in pregnant women with supposed prediabetes in the dynamics of a normal glucose tolerance test]. AB - A study was made of the blood sugar level and blood plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) on fasting stomach and in the GTT dynamics in 33 pregnant women with a possible prediabetes and also in 8 nonpregnant women and 20 pregnant women of the control group. GTT proved to be normal in all the women under study. There proved to be no significant difference between the blood sugar level on fasting stomach and in the GTT dynamics in pregnant women of both groups and in the nonpregnant women. In comparison with nonpregnant women, pregnant women of both groups displayed a higher mean blood sugar elevation during the whole GTT period--in the II and III trimesters. Blood plasma IRI in the pregnant women with a possible prediabetes and in the pregnant women of the control group on fasting stomach and in the GTT dynamics showed no significant difference between one another. In comparison with nonpregnant women, pregnant women of both groups showed an increase in IRI content of fasting stomach and in the GTT dynamics beginning from the II trimester and reaching the maximal level during the III trimester of pregnancy. IRI over glucose index did not differ in pregnant women of both groups from the nonpregnant women. Thus it was revealed that hyperinsulinemia in pregnancy in practically healthy women and in women with a possible prediabetes was compensatory in character. PMID- 1226369 TI - [Influence of DOPA on the reactions of fetuses of adrenalectomized and ovariectomized rats to adrenaline stress]. AB - It was shown that administration of noradrenaline precursor--L-DOPA (45 mg/kg) to pregnant adrenal- or ovariectomized rats restored the reaction of their fetuses to stress to the level characteristic of fetuses, whose mothers were falsely operated with their adrenal glands and ovaries remaining in situ. It is supposed that during the prenatal development in rats stress-reaction was realized with the participation of noradrenaline of the maternal CNS. PMID- 1226370 TI - [Study of the characteristics of transcortin and the progesterone binding protein of the plasma of pregnant guinea pig]. AB - Experiments were conducted with the plasma of pregnant guinea pigs; it was shown that the corticosteroid-binding protein (CBP) of the plasma in a pregnant guinea pig (in difference from the CBP of other species) bound cortisol only, and not progesterone. Progesterone-binding protein (PBP) of these animals bound progesterone, but not glucocorticoids and their metabolites. The binding capacity of CBP proved to be several hundred microgram per cent of cortizol and of PBP- about 100 microgram per cent of progesterone. The association constant of the CBP with cortisol constituted 10(6) M-1, and of the PBP-10(-8) M-1. These proteins are also analysed according to a number of other parameters. PMID- 1226371 TI - [Influence of epiphysectomy on the metabolism of electrolytes]. AB - On the 5th day after epiphysectomy rats displayed a reduction of the kidney excretion of Ca and Mg with a simultaneous increase of these elements in the tissues. By the 10th day after the operation the mentioned indices were restored to the preoperative level, but there occurred an increase in the urinary excretion of Na and a reduction of its tissue content. DOCA administration to the epiphysectomized rats eliminated the changes in the Mg and Ca excretion, but failed to influence the Na excretion. Apparently, the hormones of the epiphysis are necessary for the manifestation of the Na-retention action of the mineralocorticoids. PMID- 1226373 TI - [Influence of glucocorticoid hormones on the pool and intracellular distribution of ubiquinone in the tissues of rats]. AB - Experiments on the study of the effect of glucocorticoids on the content and intracellular distribution of oubichinon in the liver, heart and spleen were conducted. Hydrocortisone (2.5 and 5 mg/100 g) and cortisone (5 mg/100 g) was injected subcutaneously for 10 days. It was found that hydrocortisone in a dose of 2.5 and cortisone in a dose of 5 mg/100 g failed to influence the total level of oubichinon in the tissues under study. Administration of hydrocortisone in a dose of 5 mg per 100 g of weight was accompanied by an increase in the oubichinon concentration in the spleen. A study of the intracellular distribution of the coenzyme indicated an elevation of its content in the hyaloplasma and its reduction in the mitochondrial fraction. On the basis of the data obtained it could be supposed that glucocorticoid regulation of the oubichinon level was realized at the subcellular level. Possibly, glucocorticoids altered the membrane permeability for oubichinon causing its redistribution in the cell. PMID- 1226372 TI - [Hormonal and pyridoxine induction of threonine dehydratase in the rat liver]. AB - The activity of threonindehydratase in the liver of intact and adrenalectomized rats increased considerably after the administration of cortisol. A simultaneous with cortisol administration of insulin or testosterone led to inhibition of the corticosteroid induction of the enzyme. On the contrary, thyroxin increased both the basal activity of the enzyme and its response to the administration of cortisol. Besides the hormone, threonindehydratase cofactor (in the form of pyridoxine) led to an increase in the enzymatic activity. However, cofactor induction was expressed only in rats with intact adrenal glands. PMID- 1226374 TI - [Restoration of antibody synthesis by means of thymus extract in neonatally thymectomized animals]. AB - One of the fractions of the thymus extract of a calf obtained by the authors restored the synthesis of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes in neonatally thymectomized mice and rats. Fractions isolated anologously from the tonsils and the lymph nodes failed to influence the antibody genesis. The data obtained are in favor of the endocrine function of the thymus of significance in the establishment and regulation of the immunological reactivity. PMID- 1226375 TI - [Problems of transfusiology in cardio-vascular surgery (Soviet-American scientific cooperation)]. PMID- 1226376 TI - [Current status and prospects of the development of the problem of blood substitutes]. PMID- 1226377 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of some blood substitutes used for filling the extracorporeal circulation apparatus]. PMID- 1226378 TI - [Isolation of a purified preparation of hemoglobin and study of its properties]. PMID- 1226379 TI - [Treatment of burn shock with blood substitute solutions and sorbitol]. PMID- 1226380 TI - [Some urgent problems in transfusiology and hematology]. PMID- 1226381 TI - [Clinical use of decalcinated gelatinol]. PMID- 1226382 TI - [Circulation of rheopolyglucine in the circulatory bed and its excretion from the organism]. PMID- 1226383 TI - [Use of hemodesis in cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 1226384 TI - [Hydrolysate therapy in the clinical picture of internal diseases]. PMID- 1226385 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of homologous antibotulinic plasma]. PMID- 1226386 TI - [Peculiarities of the cellular composition of the peripheral blood of donors of antistaphylococcal plasma]. PMID- 1226387 TI - [Buffered, balanced infusion solutions of lactosol]. PMID- 1226388 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the quality of a solution of placental albumin produced according to various regulations]. PMID- 1226389 TI - [Determination of the hygroscopic properties of dry plasma, fibrinogen and thromboplastin]. PMID- 1226390 TI - [Possibility of the use of pleural fluid for the production of standard ABO system isohemagglutinizing serum]. PMID- 1226391 TI - Central metabolic and humoral factors involved in the neural regulation of feeding. AB - Evidence is summarized for the theory that long-term regulation of energy balance is elaborated by an interface between matabolism and brain activity within the medial hypothalamus, while short-term satiety effects are a more direct consequence of dampened activity in lateral hypothalamic feeding circuits. Possible relationships of these functions to autonomic control circuits are discussed. PMID- 1226392 TI - Cholecystokinin: a putative satiety signal. AB - The intestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) elicits satiety in rats and inhibits food intake in rhesus monkeys. This behavioral effect is specifically related to the C-terminal octapeptide structure of CCK and is a new biological effect of the hormone. Endogenous CCK released by food entering the duodenum may inhibit feeding and elicit satiety under physiological conditions, but no experimental evidence is availabe on this point. Until such evidence becomes available, we believe that CCK should be considered a putative satiety signal. The satiety effect of CCK suggests a therapeutic role of CCK for human hyperphagia and obesity. An interesting therapeutic alternative to administration of exogenous CCK is the release of endogenous CCK by nutrients such as amino acids. These nutrients can be ingested as preloads which are calorically trivial, but which release significant amounts of CCK. Such preloads inhibit food intake in rhesus monkeys. Their efficacy in man has not been determined. PMID- 1226394 TI - Triglyceride metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue of obese animals. AB - Experiments were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of triglyceride accumulation in epidiymal adipose tissue of obese mice made by goldthioglucose injection. Specifically, fat mobilization and its deposition were investigated. In goldthioglucose-treated mice, the weight of the epididymal adipose tissue was 1,200 percent of that of control mice, while adrenaline-induced lipolysis and lipase activity of the tissue were 272 and 450 percent of control respectively. These results suggest that deposition of fat far exceeds fat mobilizing activity in the adipose tissue of the obese mice. It was found that triglyceride synthesis from glucose increased in the adipose tissue of these mice. Therefore, it is suggested that obesity in gold thioglucose-treated mice may not be due to decrease in fat mobilization but to increase in triglyceride synthesis from carbohydrate. PMID- 1226393 TI - Studies on the nervous regulatory mechanism of blood sugar levels. AB - Intraarterial injection into the carotid artery or intravenous injection of glucose caused a decrease in efferent discharge rate of the adrenal nerve and an increase in discharge rate of the pancreatic branch of the vagus nerve. Decrease in blood sugar level following administration of insulin increased adrenal nerve activity and caused a decrease in the activity of the pancreatic branch of the vagus nerve. Administration of 2-DG resulted in an increase in adrenal nerve activity and a decrease in pancreatic nerve activity. Glucose also caused a decrease in discharge rate of afferent nerve fibers from glucoreceptors in the liver. The results suggest the existence of a nervous regulatory mechanism of blood sugar levels. PMID- 1226395 TI - Direct fiber connections between the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus in the rat: an electron microscope study. AB - The direct fiber connections between the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus, especially the ventromedial nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus have been studied by electron microscopy using the orthograde terminal degeneration technique. The results obtained are as follows: Typical electron dense degeneration of the axon terminals is constantly recognized in the neuropil of the lateral hypothalamus on the same side following a lesion of the frontal cortex. On the other hand, the degenerating terminals are found in the field of the neuropil of the frontal cortex following the lesions of either the VMH or the LH, exclusively ipsilaterally. The present study demonstrates the existence of direct fiber connections from the frontal cortex to the LH and from the LH to the frontal cortex in the rat, and suggests the possible existence of a direct projection from the VMH to the frontal cortex. PMID- 1226396 TI - Role of sensory factors in chewing and feeding behavior. AB - Since feeding behavior has a complex physiological background, in the physiology of feeding behavoir not only the mechanisms in the hypothalamus, but also input and output physiologic factors which stimulate and/or inhibit the central network for feeding and aversion behavior, must be considered. Normal feeding and aversion behavior are accomplished by a series of highly co-ordinated physiological functions involving various parts of the body, and humoral, hormonal, metabolic, and sensory and motor functions for feeding behavior must be well considered from a wider wiew point. For this purpose, morphological, biochemical, and neurophysiological extensive approaches to study the feeding behavior mechanisms are essentially important. In the present paper, neurophysiological network concerning feeding and aversion behavior was under discussion. Particularly, relations between input, central and output factors for these behaviors were considered. As an input factor, a role of the nerve impulses of the chorda tympani and lingual nerves was evaluated. As a central factor, involvement of the neurons in the cortical taste area was discussed, and response patterns of cortical taste neurons to negative and positive taste information was analyzed with regard to taste perception mechanisms. In addition, mechanisms in the posterior hypothalamus for the taste aversion behavior were explained through ablation and recording techniques in the rat; and the neuromuscular mechanisms of chewing, which complete the feeding behavior, were also discussed. Importance of such comprehensive systematic approach to proper understanding of feeding and aversion behaviors was emphasized. PMID- 1226397 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory effects of globus pallidus and substantia nigra on the lateral hypothalamic activity in the rat. AB - Stimulation of the rat globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN), while recording in the lateral hypothalamus, revealed mutual interconnections. Stimulation of GP produced an EPSP-IPSP sequence, while SN stimulation produced EPSP only. Antidromic LH spikes were obtained with either stimulation. Inhibitory interneurons responsible for the IPSP are located in the dorsolateral part of the LH. In the LH, only glucose sensitive neurons were specifically facilitated by SN stimulation and inhibited by GP stimulation. Dopamine and noradrenaline, applied electrophoretically to these neurons, yielded inhibition in a dose response manner, denying the possibility of dopamine as an excitatory transmitter substance. The mutual interrelationship between the LH and other centers, including the frontal cortex, may well influence motivation of feeding and other behavior. PMID- 1226398 TI - Excitatory control of hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus by basolateral amygdala in rats. AB - Effects of single and repetitive stimulation of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (AL) on the rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH) activity were investigated. Extracellular single unit discharges and evoked potentials were recorded in the VMH and stria terminalis using microelectrodes. Three effects of AL stimulation on the VMH were observed: exitation, inhibition, and disinhibition. Disinhibition may, in fact, be inhibition of inhibitory interneurons within the VMH. Finally, a tentative concept of the neural network within the VMH is discussed. PMID- 1226399 TI - Organization of some brainstem and limbic connections of the hypothalamus. AB - Electrophysiological and anatomical studies allow the formulation of some features of organization of the lateral hypothalamus: (1) The HVM is the major source of modulatory inpur to the lateral hypothalamus; (2) There is a high degree of convergence of afferent paths in the lateral hypothalamus resulting in the same type of postsynaptic firing pattern, whether it be inhibition or excitation; (3) The response to afferent activation is usually quite simple, consisting of either a brief excitatory period or a fifty to several hundred millisecond inhibition. Complex firing patterns in a response to afferent stimulation are rare; (4) Descending hypothalamic output activates two classes of neurons in the midbrain; (a) an output with a strong synaptic drive acting upon cells which are not spontaneously active and which do not respond to arousing stimuli, and (b) an output with moderate to weak synaptic drive acting upon cells that are spontaneously active and excited by peripheral arousing stimuli. PMID- 1226400 TI - Innervation of hypothalamic and limbic areas by the cholinergic, the GABA-ergic and the catecholaminergic nerve fibers; a quantitative analysis. AB - By measuring activities of enzymes involved in synthesis of acetylcholine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine or noradrenaline, extent of innervation of cholinergic, GABA-ergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic fibers were analysed in discrete brain areas and subareas of the baboon and the rabbit with a special reference to the hypothalamus and the preoptic ares. In the latter area, cholinergic and dopaminergic innervation increases medio-lateraly on the one hand, and noradrenergic innervation reversed on the other hand. GABA-ergic innervation is almost evenly distributed in this structure. By placing electrical lesions in the lateral hypothalamus, an analysis was made of inputs of these innervations. PMID- 1226401 TI - Brain mechanisms in the control of feeding: a new neurochemical profile theory. AB - A new theory is presented in which two profiles of chemical activity are postulated to regulate the intake of food. One is a peripheral profile which consists of the ratio of all blood-borne substances, one to another, that are involved in energy balance, lipid deposition, and other aspects of long and intermediate term regulation. The changes in the ratio are presumably monitored by structures in the CNS. The second profile consists of the chemical activity of transmitter and other neurohumoral factors within the same structures in the CNS. The ratio in their release provides appropriate neural signals which serve to activate or inhibit the various events of the feeding mechanism. The preliminary attempts to characterize, by GC-mass spectrometry, profile constituents in samples of fluid collected from the fasted and satiated cat are described. The recent results of experiments on the role of the forebrain catecholamines in food intake are also presented. PMID- 1226402 TI - Effects of essential amino acids on central neurons. AB - Effects of eleven essential amino acids ejected by means of electrophoresis through five barrel glass microelectrodes on the frequency of extracellularly recorded action potentials of brain cells were determined. Data were collected on 129 cells from four different parts of the brains of 22 female hooded rats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and urethan. Eleven cells were tested in the cerebral cortex, 57 in the thalamus, 33 in the zona incerta, and 28 in the lateral hypothalamus. Of the eleven amino acids tested, cells of the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamus appear to be the most responsive and increases in discharge frequency were observed for all the amino acids except lysine and cystine. Cystine seems to be unusual in that it is the only amino acid tested which produces a decrease in the spontaneous discharge frequency. Cells of the cerebral cortex were not considered responsive in terms of the criteria of this study and displayed relatively high thresholds to all the essential amino acids. These results indicate some differential sensitivity of certain cells of the brain to essential amino acids which might be related to the centrally mediated anorexia which develops when rats are fed disproportionate amounts of these same amino acids in the diet. PMID- 1226403 TI - Comparison of the effects of intracranial injections of 6-OHDA and guanethidine on consummatory behavior and monoamine depletion. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been used extensively to study the effects of catecholamine depletion on feeding and drinking behavior. The results from these experiments are variable and do not clarify the involvement of catecholamines in these behaviors. Guanethidine, which has been used in studies of the peripheral autonomic nervous system, provides an alternative method of catecholamine depletion. In the experiments reviewed here the effects of injections of 6-OHDA and guanethidine into the rat brain on consummatory behavior and temperature regulation have been compared and related to changes in monoamine levels as shown by fluorescence histochemistry. Injections of 6-OHDA into anterior hypothalamic areas have lethal effects on food deprived animals. This effect may be explained in terms of loss of ability to regulate temperature. Animals whose catecholamines were depleted by guanethidine injections into anterior lateral hypothalamus showed a consistent reduction in food and water intake and an elevation of body temperature. Reconciliation of these findings appears difficult. However, a comparative study of the intracranial diffusion patterns of guanethidine and 6 OHDA has revealed marked differences in the extent of diffusion as seen with the fluorescence histochemical method when injected acutely or chronically into the lateral hypothalamus, the substantia nigra or the amygdala of the rat brain. Cannulation damage extended up to 1 mm in diameter. Generalized damage was far greater for 6-OHDA (2 mm) than for guanethidine (0.3 mm). At the doses used guanethidine, but not 6-OHDA caused specific damage to catecholamine-containing neurons up to a distance of at least 3 mm from the cannula tip. Guanethidine was less selective for dopaminergic compared to noradrenergic neurons. These differences between the effects of the two drugs are explained in terms of their unique pharmacological properties and their estimated decay in CNS tissue. An attempt has been made to account for the differences in behavioral data and in particular the variability of the 6-OHDA data in terms of the differences in the type of damage produced by the two drugs and the extent of their diffusion. It is also argued that the different patterns of damage would not easily be distinguished by biochemical analysis, and further, that changes in injection volume and concentration may lead to different damage patterns. PMID- 1226404 TI - Relationship between endogenous, natural feeding patterns and body composition in the rat. PMID- 1226405 TI - Variability and discrimination reversal learning in the open field following septal lesions in rats. PMID- 1226406 TI - Effects of water deprivation, NaCl injection, and seven aversive taste stimuli on drinking in two normal mouse strains and one with diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1226407 TI - Hyperdipsia produced by severing ventral septal fiber systems. PMID- 1226408 TI - Unimpaired maintenance of a conditioned avoidance response in the rat with diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1226409 TI - Lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic units: in search of the osmoreceptors for thirst. PMID- 1226410 TI - Lateral preoptic single unit activity: effects of various solutions. PMID- 1226411 TI - Genetic analysis of simple water escape behavior: test of a major-gene hypothesis. PMID- 1226414 TI - A vector model for perceived object rotation and translation in space. PMID- 1226412 TI - Neuronal plasticity in the afferent visual system. I. Effect of flicker stimulation on responses of retinal and geniculate units in the cat. PMID- 1226413 TI - Neuronal plasticity in the afferent visual system. II. Conditioned modifications in geniculate neurons. PMID- 1226415 TI - Psychotherapy of bodily disease. An overview. PMID- 1226416 TI - Psychiatric care of burn patients during wartime. PMID- 1226417 TI - The child, vulnerable in the mother's desire. AB - In this paper, by presentation of some clinical material, the author wishes to demonstrate that in some cases it is possible to detect very early in the phantasies and/or the psychosomatic manifestations of expecting mothers what later will be experienced by the infant as the loss of the first object of love. This loss, with its deeply destructive consequences (in terms of personality development) is one of the factors that can possibly sign the entrance to child psychosis. Although one can rarely attribute, with certainty, the onset of such severe emotional disturbances to only one factor, the hypothesis can be maintained that the desires and wishes of the woman, while expecting a baby, play a determining role on the fate of child. One should also add that it is not infrequent to observe various changes and fluctuations in the attitudes of mothers after the child is born. Still, the material of the cases under discussion (of which only two will be presented here) seems to point towards a development in which the pre-birth way of experiencing the child on the part of the mother puts a definite and particular sign on the object relations to follow. PMID- 1226418 TI - Muscular tension and psychopathology. A comparison of four psychopathological groups by general physiotherapeutic examination of muscular tension. AB - From 1968 to 1970, 136 test patients divided in four groups have been examined by general physiotherapeutic muscle tension examination. Group 1 were psychotic patients, group 2 were neurotic patients, and both groups were inpatients in a psychiatric hospital. Group 3 were ambulant patients at a physical institute and group 4 were healthy control persons. Each group was examined by five different, independent clinical muscle tension investigations: (1) examination of posture when standing and lying supine; (2) examination of respiration standing and lying supine; (3) examination of resistance to passive movements; (4) examination of muscle elasticity on palpation, and (5) examination of the patients reaction to the palpation. Altogether 47 variables were investigated, and of these 34 gave results which were statistically significant. This study confirms that there is a systematic connection between muscle tension and psychic conditions and the physiotherapeutic muscle tension investigation can contribute to diagnosing the degree of psychopathology and could be an aid in the selection of treatment. It is of interst to find out whether there is a connection between tension of the skeletal muscles on the one side and psychopathology on the other. A possible connection between the two might open the door for a comprehensive understanding of somatical and psychological illnesses, and offer the possibility for a more concise and direct treatment. PMID- 1226419 TI - Short-term dynamic psychotherapy; three models of treatment. PMID- 1226420 TI - Combined inpatient and outpatient group psychotherapy: a therapeutic model for psychosomatics. AB - A special strategy of psychotherapeutic approach to psychosomatic patients is described including a 3-month period of inpatient and a 2-year period of outpatient group psychotherapy. Additional therapeutic procedures applied during the time of hospitalization are a special kind of sensitivity training ('sensual awareness' -- 'konzentrative Bewegungstherapie') and analytic ergotherapy. The therapeutic techniques used are psychoanalytic with special regard to the scenic figures which arise during the course of a session. The 'scenic function of the ego' represented in, e.g., certain body movements, sitting-arrangments, and talking-sequences offers the opportunity of a possible access to the often poor phantasy life of the psychosomatic patient, suffering from what we call the Pinocchio syndrome. The key structure of the model implies the arrangement fixed prior to the onset of therapy between patients and therapist, to stay together as a closed in- and outpatient group for 2 years. This enables the patients to take the risk of new emotional experiences under the cover of protected living conditions in the hospital, as well as the chance to check and confirm these experiences under the pressure of the regular social conditions they live in. PMID- 1226421 TI - [Studies of the circulation in patients with essential hypertension during the 1st and 2nd standard exercises of autogenic training]. AB - A group of ten hypertensive patients were examined as to their circulation at rest, before, and during, the first and second standard exercises of autogenic training. During the exercise there was a significant reduction in cardiac time volume. The expected simultaneous decrease in the total peripheral resistance could not be demonstrated by our methods. Its apparent rise is interpreted as a result of its dependence on the heart beat volume, but can also be understood as an abnormal reaction of a pathological functional state. To clarify this further it would be necessary to establish an isolated determination of that circulatory parameter. It could be shown that the minute-volume component of hypertension can be affected by autogenous training. PMID- 1226422 TI - [Stereotyped movements and autonomous rhythms]. AB - The present study is concerned with the pathogenesis of jactatio capitis, of the stereotyped movements of oligophrenics, of dements, and of long-stay hospitalized defect schizophrenics, as well as with stereotyped movements in domestic animals. This leads to a discussion of the significance of rhythmically alternating innervation for pathological and normal movements. The relevance of rhythmic events for movements in inanimate systems is emphasized and the analogies which exist between movement in the organic and in the inorganic sphere are pointed out. PMID- 1226423 TI - Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of lithium. AB - The authors have studied the clinical response, EMG and EEG changes in 12 depressed patients after 28 days of lithium carbonate treatment of 1,200 mg daily. The findings confirm: (1) a high correlation between the degree of improvement and the RBC lithium: plasma lithium ratio on the 28th day; (2) a slight decrease in motor conduction velocity (m.c.v.) and increase of M-response duration during lithium treatment; (3) no correlation between EEG and lithium levels and percentage of improvement. PMID- 1226424 TI - The effect of trance on memory content. AB - In a Yucatecan crisis cult of short duration, the millenary expectations are remembered long after the dissolution of the cult. So is Satan who, it is felt, tempted the congregation. The cultural innovations instituted during the cult, however, are almost immediately forgotten. The differential recall is shown to be related to the quality of the trance behavior during the cult and to the threatening versus neutral content of the memory material. PMID- 1226425 TI - beta-Hydroxy fatty acid production during fatty acid oxidation by heart mitochondria. AB - The effect of various incubation conditions on the production of beta hydroxylaurate, -myristate, and -palmitate by isolated rabbit heart mitochondria oxidizing palmityl carnitine was studied. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed to identify and measure submicrogram quantities of methyl esters of these beta-hydroxy fatty acids (FA). Alpha Deuterated esters of beta-hydroxy-FA served as internal standards. The total amount of the three beta-hydroxy-FA in fresh mitochondria was 0.045 mug/mg of protein. Malate, ATP, rotenone, and 1-carnitine together effected an NADH:NAD ratio of 8 and the accumulation of 0.896 mug of beta-hydroxylpalmitate. Omission of carnitine decreased the beta-hydroxy-FA by 65 percent. Omission of palmityl carnitine resulted in no beta-hydroxy-FA. Without rotenone the NADH:NAD ratio was 0.5 and there accumulated only 0.085 mug of beta-hydroxy-FA/mg of protein/10 min. Succinate, in place of malate, effected an NADH:NAD ratio greater than 10 but only 0.465 mug of beta-hydroxy-FA/mg of protein/10 min. We conclude that elevated mitochondrial NADH:NAD ratios facilitate beta-hydroxy-FA accumulation by slowing beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA oxidation. Cardiac hypoxia may prompt beta-hydroxy-FA accumulation and/or release. PMID- 1226426 TI - Influence of isoproterenol, propranolol, and D 600 on the de novo synthesis of adenine nucleotides in rat hearts. PMID- 1226427 TI - Inhibited adenine nucleotide translocation in mitochondria isolated from ishcemic myocardium. AB - Experiments conducted in healthy mongrel dogs indicate that acyl-CoA levels are raised and adenine nucleotide translocase is inhibited during ischemia. The biochemical findings are accompanied by ultrastructural evidence of myocardial cell damage. These results raise the possibility that the inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocase may be a key disturbance in cellular metabolism. PMID- 1226428 TI - Energy metabolism in the infarcted cardiac muscle: the interaction of contractile protein and mitochondria. AB - In order to investigate the behavior of the energy-converting system in the myocardium, an experimental in vitro model was developed which consisted of contractile protein (myosin B) and mitochondria (Mit) prepared from canine cardiac muscle. In this system, ATP produced in Mit from added ADP caused the superprecipitation of the myosin B (My-B). One hour after the onset of experimental myocaridal infarction in the dog, the superprecipitation was very low in the system if Mit prepared from the infarcted myocardium were used, regardless of the origin of the myosin B. The respiratory control index of Mit prepared from infarcted was lower than that from noninfarcted myocardium, but the ADP:O ratio in Mit from infarcted myocardium, was little deteriorated. The findings indicate that a transferring process of an energy source from Mit to myosin B was markedly impaired in the infarcted myocardium. They also throw light on the mechanism by which the myocardium ceases its contraction at an early stage of infarction. PMID- 1226429 TI - Correlation between coronary venous inosine concentration and myocardial wall thickening during regional ischemia. AB - Correlations between local mechanical and metabolic events were studied during partial decrease in flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery in the open-chest pig. During ischemia, systolic ventricular wall thickening decreased. Concomitantly, the concentration of inosine, hypoxanthine, lactate, and potassium in the regional anterior coronary vein increased, whereas the concentration of these compounds in the femoral artery did not change. A negative correlation was observed between the venous inosine concentration and the decreased myocardial wall thickening during ischemia. This study indicates that the local venous inosine concentration is a sensitive indicator of regional myocardial ischemia in the pig. PMID- 1226430 TI - Correlation between biochemical and contractile changes after myocardial ischemia and revascularization. AB - Regional contractility measured as myocardial fiber shortening ceased 15-30 sec after coronary occlusion; myocardial ATP content was unaltered at this time. Contractility returned promptly if occlusion was released within 45 min. With occlusion of 1-3 hr, delayed recovery of contractility was observed 2 weeks after reperfusion; the extent of recovery diminshed with increasing period of occlusion. Concomitantly, there was parallel recovery of synthesis of ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) in reperfused myocardium. PMID- 1226431 TI - Release of (14C) adenosine from the guinea pig heart during autoregulation. AB - The radioisotope method applied in the studies presented appears to be of particular advantage for the sensitive measurement of changes in adenosine release from the myocardium. The data obtained provide evidence that conditions which alter the oxygen supply to the heart such as lowering the perfusion pressure, temporary interruption of coronary inflow, and reducing oxygen content in the perfusion medium are accompanied by an enhanced release of adenosine. These results further support the concept that adenosine is a mediator in the regulation of coronary flow. PMID- 1226432 TI - Creatine release from the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - Creatine release from the isolated perfused rat heart decreases during the first 40 min of perfusion to a constant rate which is maintained for at least a further 50 min. Reoxygenation after a period of 15 min of anoxia is accompanied by an increase in creatine release. The highest rate of release occurs during preperfusion after the excision of the heart. These losses might contribute to impairment of function after anoxia. PMID- 1226433 TI - Uptake and phosphorylation of (14C) creatine by mouse cardiac muscle in vivo. AB - Tracer doses of [1-14C]creatine were given intravenously to mice and the total activity of cardiac muscle compared with skeletal muscle and diaphragm were determine periodically thereafter for up to 5 days. An inverse relationship was found between the rate of uptake, i.e., turnover of creatine in vivo and total muscular creatine, cardiac muscle exhibiting the most active turnover of all muscles. Similarily, the in vivo labeling of intracellular creatine phosphate of cardiac muscle proceeded at a rate much faster than in skeletal muscle. Hypoxia (10 percent O2--90 percent N2) during the equilibration of the pulse label inhibited both the uptake of creatine and its intracellular phosphorylation. We suggest that the rapid metabolism of creatine is related to the predominance of mitochondrial oxidation in cardiac muscle, creatine serving as a carrier of high energy phosphate groups from mitochondria to myofibrillar ATP and reflecting a directed intracellular energy flux. PMID- 1226434 TI - Myocardial high energy phosphates in experimental thyrotoxicosis in guinea pigs. AB - Experimental thyrotoxicosis was produced in guinea pigs by daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.7 mg/kg thyroxine (T4) or 0.15 mg/kg triiodothyronine (T3), as shown by an increase of PBI over 50 gamma percent, weight reduction of 20--30 percent, and increase in heart rate of 30--50 percent. Control animals received solvent only. Metabolites were determined in heart muscle on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day using freeze-stop technique and enzymatic methods: creatine phosphate (CP), ATP, ADP, AMP, glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P), fructose diphosphate (FDP), pyruvate, lactate, and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In thyrotoxic animals there was a decrease in CP which became significant after 3 days and more pronounced after 7 days. The ratio of CP to Pi decreased. G-6-P and FDP levels increased. The results were identical after administration of T4 and T3. ATP decreased slightly and ADP increased slightly after T4. Propranolol up to a dose of 3 mg/kg or practolol up to 10 mg/kg given daily i.p. on the 4th to 7th day did not prevent either the T4-induced decrease in high energy phosphates or the increase in G-6 P. PMID- 1226435 TI - Effects of changes in the concentrations of substrate and oxygen on the perfused rabbit heart. AB - Rabbit hearts were perfused with bicarbonate-buffered fluid containing 1.0 mM glucose and 1.5 mM lactate. Pairs of redox substrates were measured in the perfusion fluid and the heart after perfusate concentrations of beta hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) and oxygen were varied. The perfusate lactate to pyruvate ratio was shown to accurately represent the tissue ratio. The intracellular redox state varied independently of changes in substrate uptake. Increasing perfusate beta-HB concentration caused increased beta-HB uptake, decreased lactate uptake, and unchanged glucose uptake. Decreased perfusate oxygen tension caused inhibition of lactate and beta-HB uptakes and, when exteme, caused increased glucose uptake. The combination of a modest reduction in oxygen tension and increased perfusate beta-HB concentration caused a more reduced environment in the tissue than either change by itself. This combination of changes may have additive deleterious effects as suggested by clinical observations. PMID- 1226436 TI - Utilization of endogenous lipids and glycogen in the perfused rat heart: effects of hypoxia and epinephrine. AB - The interaction of hypoxia and catecholamines in the regulation of heart tissue lipid and glycogen utilization was studied in isolated perfused rat hearts with lipids prelabeled in vivo with [1-14C]palmitate. In well oxygenated hearts, epinephrine stimulated triglyceride mobilization by approximately 2-fold. In hypoxia, net mobilization of triglycerides was negligible with or without added epinephrine. Thus, the effect of hypoxia to reduce triglyceride mobilization would favor the accumulation of neutral lipid in the myocardium Glycogenolysis was markedly enhanced in hypoxic hearts and epinephrine produced little further stimulation. In well oxygenated hearts, epinephrine increased glycogen mobilization by 3-fold. PMID- 1226438 TI - The uptake of free fatty acid in the rat heart. AB - During the perfusion of isolated rat hearts with [1 - 14C]palmitate or [1 - 14C]oleate the rate of incorporation of label into lipids is greater in the microsomal fraction, less in the mitochondrial fraction, and least in the cell sap fraction. The degree of esterification is greatest in the microsomal fraction and greater for oleate than for palmitate. There is an early and high degree of labeling of phospholipid in the microsomal fraction. The specific activity of mitochondrial free fatty acids is higher than that of microsomal or cell sap free fatty acids. PMID- 1226437 TI - Transmural gradients in the ischemic dog left ventricle: metabolism of endogenous triglycerides and glycogen. AB - Regional differences in glycogen and triglyceride metabolism were found in the ischemic dog left ventricle. Under these conditions, the subendocardium was characterized by a faster rate of glycogenolysis and the least ability to mobilize tissue triglycerides relative to subepicardial and midventricular zones. PMID- 1226439 TI - Effect on myocardial metabolic pattern of local complete and incomplete ischemia. AB - After local complete ischemia at normothermia of 60, 100, 140, and 180 min duration the status of the adenylic acid-creatine phosphate system in the canine myocardium recovered to 98, 85, 74, and 30 percent of the control values, whereas glycogen was restored even more. In the infarcted myocardium the extent of alterations of the metabolic status was a function of the residual blood flow. Deviations from a regular metabolic status developed if the blood flow dropped below about 35 ml/min/100 gm. This critical flow rate is expected to vary with the energy requirement of the heart, but it is in keeping with results obtained by Rudolph and coworkers (personal communication) who found that patients with a myocardial blood flow below 30 ml/min/100 gm had a life expectancy of less than 1 month. In the nonaffected myocardium, both in experiments with local complete ischemia and in experiments with infarction, the metabolic status was always within normal ranges. This is in contrast to results published by Gudbjarnason (1971/1972) and Gudbjarnason, Puri, and Mathes (1971), who found that in noninfarcted myocardium tissue levels of ATP and creatine phosphate decreased to about 50 percent of the control values and that there was no restoration to normal values within 10 days after infarction. PMID- 1226440 TI - Myocardial substrate uptake in men during exercise under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 1226441 TI - Metabolism of norepinephrine in noninfarcted heart muscle after experimental myocardial infarction. AB - A marked, reversible decline in cardiac norepinephrine (NE) stores was noted after experimental myocardial infarction. Uptake and accumulation of tracer dose of dl-[7-14C]norepinephrine appeared to be unchanged as well as the rate of degradation. Despite marked variations in pool size the subcellular distribution appeared to be unchanged, and no preferential uptake into any subcellular fraction was observed. PMID- 1226442 TI - The role of linoleic acid in hypoxia-induced changes of the action potentials and the force of contraction of isolated papillary muscles of the guinea pig. AB - With sufficient oxygen supply to isolated papillary muscles of the guinea pig no specific effect of linoleic acid on the parameters of muscle function could be detected. During hypoxia, however, there was a marked reduction in effective refractory period and in contractile force which had the same order of magnitude in substrate-free and in linoleic acid-containing medium. With glucose in addition to linoleic acid, the shortening in refractory period could be delayed, although no influence on the impairment of force of contraction was observed. Conversely, the decrease in both action potential duration and force of contraction could be delayed considerably in hypoxic perfusion media containing increasing concentrations of glucose. PMID- 1226443 TI - Erucic acid metabolism by cultured beating heart cells of the postnatal rat. AB - Cardiac erucic acid metabolism has been studied with beating heart cells in culture. It has been shown that erucate is taken up by these cultured cardiac myocytes. These cells are unable to oxidize it directly but require delaying intermediary steps to shorten the erucic acid chain before its complete oxidation. This long latency time of erucate oxidation would explain its accumulation within the different cellular lipid classes. It is suggested that the occurrence of large amounts of erucate in the different phospholipids might affect cellular and mitochondrial membrane structures. Evidence is reported that erucate does not affect the oxidative capacity of the myocardial cell but because of its accumulation dilutes other fatty acids which will then be oxidized at a lower rate. PMID- 1226444 TI - Changes in myocardial water and solutes after ischemia. AB - Myocardial ischemia was produced in six dogs by arterial occlusion. Tissue contents of H2O, Na, Ca, and amino acids increased; K and (in one dog) Mg decreased. Variability in composition increased. Cell changes were evaluated with a method of appraising variability in composition between biopsies, and calculated (in three dogs) using extracellular fluid (ECF) volumes measured with [60Co]EDTA. Cell contents of H2O, Na, Cl, Ca, amino acids, and the molar quantity of nondiffusible solutes increased. Contents of K, nondiffusible anions (epicardium only) and total ionic strength of cell fluid decreased. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 1226445 TI - Measurement of extracellular fluid after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The volume of distribution of [60Co]EDTA in normal dog myocardium is slightly less than that calculated from tissue contents of H2O, Cl, K, and their extracellular fluid (ECF) concentrations subsuming a steady state across cell membranes. The volume of distribution of [3H-]sorbitol was substantially higher than the measured CoEDTA space. [60Co]EDTA can be measured in ischemic myocardium that remains perfused. Extraction of [60Co]EDTA and [3H-]sorbitol is incomplete from dried biopsies. PMID- 1226446 TI - Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of serum aspartate aminotransferase in the early phase of myocardial infarction. AB - The behavior of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) (E.C. 2.6.1.1) has been quantitatively evaluated in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction. For this purpose a new electrophoretic procedure on Cellogel strips with spectrophotometric evaluation has been used. An increase of the mitochondrial fraction of AAT has been observed in the very early phase of myocardial infarction (i.e., 6 hr after the onset of symptoms). The serum increase of the mitochondrial AAT precedes those of other enzymes, including creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 1226447 TI - Myocardial enzyme loss: factors leading to reduction or exacerbation of release. AB - In studies with the isolated, perfused, K+ arrested rat heart the release of four myocardial enzymes was studied during 7 hr of anoxia. The effect of several potential protective agents upon enzyme release was measured. Anoxic perfusion with exogenous supplies of glucose afforded considerable protection; the duration of anoxia that could be tolerated without significant release was greatly extended and the extent of overall release was greatly reduced. Limited oxygen availability also afforded considerable protection and the effect was additive with glucose. It is proposed that maximum protection is achieved with procedures aimed at maximizing cellular levels of ATP during hypoxia. The use of "membrane stabilizers," e.g., methyl prednisolone may also have some protective effects. It is proposed that the onset of myocardial enzyme release is associated with the transition from reversible to irreversible cellular damage. Significant metabolic protection can be achieved during the phase of reversible damage. In contrast, after the onset of irreversible damage, little can be done to halt or reduce enzyme loss. Under certain circumstances, e.g., reoxygenation after an extended period of anoxia, attempted protection may lead to exacerbation of damage. PMID- 1226448 TI - Carnitine palmityltransferase activity during myocardial ischemmia and at low ionic strengths. AB - Carnitine palmityltransferase activity was measured in mitochondria isolated from control and ischemic dog heart. The ischemic activity demonstrated a decrease in both the Vmax and the Km of the enzyme for 1-carnitine when measured in the presence of 160 muM palmityl-CoA. The kinetic response of the mitochondrial carnitine palmityltransferase to ischemia was mimicked by assay of the enzyme from control mitochondria in a medium of low ionic strength. The effect of ionic strength on enzyme activity was directly correlated with binding of palmityl-CoA to the mitochondrial membranes. The decrease in carnitine palmityltransferase activity in ischemic mitochondria may reflect a decrease in palmityl-CoA binding to the enzyme active site. The depression in ischemic carnitine palmityltransferase activity may represent an early defect in mitochondrial metabolism. PMID- 1226449 TI - Protein synthesis in cell-free systems from totally ischemic rat myocardium. AB - Ribosomes and cell sap were isolated at different times from excised rat hearts stored in a moist chamber at 37 degrees C and their capacity for protein synthesis was tested. The incorporation rate of labeled amino acids by ribosomes with cell sap from control hearts showed a slow decrease after the first hour of incubation. Polysome profiles as well as incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine in the presence of polyuridylic acid indicated an increase in the amount of monoribosomes during storage of the organ. The activity of cell sap prepared from such hearts after 1 hr and measured with ribosomes from control hearts was also decreased. The reduction in the capacity for protein synthesis noted separately with ribosomes and with cell sap from stored hearts is additive if both components are prepared from stored hearts. PMID- 1226450 TI - Dissociation of inotropic and chronotropic effects of isoproterenol on the isolated working rat heart after coronary artery ligation. AB - Acute regional ischemia was achieved by left coronary artery ligation in the isolated working rat heart preparation. After an early decline in left ventricular performance, the preparation showed good mechanical stability. Electrical stimulation beyond 5.5--5.7 stimuli/sec had a negative inotropic effect. When dl-isoproterenol was added to the perfusion fluid aortic output showed a biphasic response but left ventricular peak systolic pressure rose to preligation values as heart rate reached 400 beats/min, suggesting dissociation of inotropic and chronotropic effects in these experimental conditions. PMID- 1226451 TI - Modification of acetylcholine action by bivalent cations on the perfused heart of the frog. AB - When frog heart is perfused with high calcium Ringer solution it may be stimulated by a low dose of acetylcholine. This stimulant action is mediated through atropine-sensitive receptors and is blocked by certain calcium antagonists such as local anesthetics, cobalt, magnesium, and phenoxybenzamine. However, the nicotinic action of high doses of acetylcholine on atropinized heart is not blocked by cobalt and magnesium ions. PMID- 1226453 TI - Which of caffeine's chemical relatives are able to evoke contractures in mammalian heart? AB - At concentrations between 0.5 mM and 10 mM caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, imidazole, 2-methyl imidazole, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide, naphazoline, antazoline, and tolazoline in normal MacEwen solution induce contractures in rat and guinea pig myocardium. 9-Methylxanthine, 1,3,9-trimethylxanthine, hypoxanthine, or 2-imidazolidone, when similarly applied, do not. These observations, and similar results from frog heart, can be interpreted assuming that an unsaturated position 9 nitrogen in a xanthine molecule or in the equivalent position of an imidazole group is necessary for the release of calcium into the sarcoplasm to be initiated and therefore for a contraction to develop. The site of action of these compounds is likely to be the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1226454 TI - Temperature-dependent ethanol inhibition of [14C]leucine incorporation in mouse heart slices. AB - The incorporation of [C14]leucine into mouse heart slice proteins was temperature dependent, being maximal at 37 degrees C. Ethanol (200mM) produced an irreversible inactivation of the incorporation which was strongly temperature dependent, being only 8 percent at 34 degrees C, but 66 percent at 42.8 degrees C. The inactivation was proportional to the concentration. At 41.8 degrees C, even 40 mM ethanol produced a significant inhibition of incorporation. Ethanol affected the oxygen consumption of the slices much less than the [C14] leucine incorporation. Both acetone and dimethylsulfoxide produced similar, although less pronounced, effects. It is concluded that ethanol potentiates the heat inactivation of [C14] leucine incorporation into mouse heart slices due to its solvent effect. PMID- 1226452 TI - Coronary vasodilator properties of ethyl adenosine 5-carboxylate hydrochloride (Abbott-40557). PMID- 1226455 TI - Myocardial cell damage due to ethanol. AB - The effect of ethanol on the myocardial metabolism of experimental animals was studied in acute and in chronic models. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal injection of ethanol in a dose of 250 mg/100 gm of body weight there was a significant increase of glycolysis and slight decrease of mitochondrial respiration as well as of respiratory control ratio. No changes were observed in the concentration of high energy phosphates in the heart muscle. The metabolic changes in these acute experiments were of a transitory character; they disappeared parallel with the decline of ethanol level in the blood and in the myocardium. The chronic alcoholic model was observed for 10 weeks. Ethanol (250 mg/100 gm) was injected daily. The analyses of the heart muscle were carried out 24 hr after the last injection of ethanol. In this model ethanol also provoked considerable disturbances of metabolic processes in the myocardium: decrease of glycolysis and of glycogen content, decrease of mitochondrial respiration as well as of respiratory control ratio of isolated mitochondria and decrease of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate with simultaneous increase of inorganic phosphate in the myocardium. PMID- 1226456 TI - Hemodynamic, metabolic, and ultrastructural consequences of hyperosmolal mannitol after myocardial anoxia. AB - Recovery from anoxia has been evaluated in the isovolumic nonrecirculating paced perfused rat heart. Seventy studies were performed consisting of 1) 15 min of aerobic perfusion (AP), 2) AP + 15 min of anoxic perfusion, 3) AP + 15 min of anoxic perfusion + 15 min of reoxygenation. Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate + 5 mM glucose (KRB) was compared with KRB + mannitol (osmolality, +60 mOsm). Mannitol decreased myocardial water content. It improved recovery of hemodynamic function after reoxygenation. With KRB alone left ventricular systolic peak pressure (LVSp) decreased by 32 percent and maximum dP/dt by 50 percent. With mannitol added LVSp decreased 18 percent and dP/dt 21 percent (p less than 0.01). No effect on energy metabolism was demonstrated. KRB and mannitol did not differentially affect total coronary flow, lactate, and glucose extraction, tissue glycogen, creatine phosphate, or adenine nucleotide concentrations. No significant difference in capillary filling was demonstrated by microfil injection. Mannitol appears to improve LV function by direct myocardial osmotic action unrelated to enhanced energy production. PMID- 1226457 TI - An explanation for the positive inotropic effect of hypertonic solutions. AB - Hypertonic solutions of mannitol and sucrose have positive inotropic effects on both cardiac and skeletal muscle in vivo and in vitro. By increasing the tonicity of dog plasma of 50 mOsm in vitro with sucrose or mannitol Ca++ activity. The negative results with calcium proteinate and simple salt solutions suggest that the increased activity increases of 20--50 percent can be measured with a calcium specific electrode. Increased tonicity had no effect on calcium proteinate complexes. By increasing the tonicity of solutions of small molecular weight complexes, a 5--50 percent increase in Ca++ activity results, depending on the specific complex used. Increasing the tonicity of solutions of inorganic salts such as CaSO4 or CaCl2 did not increase Ca++ activity seen with small molecular weight complexes is caused by dissociation of the Ca++, not by an interaction of the sucrose or mannitol solutions with the electrode. The absolute change inducible in a 10(-3) M solution of a small molecular weight complex is in the range of 0.5 mEq/l, a physiologically significant range. Thus it is suggested that part of the positive inotropic effect of increase osmolarity is a result of increased Ca++ activity from small molecular weight complexes in plasma and interstitial fluid. PMID- 1226459 TI - Is substrate supply of the myocardium limited by capillary exchange? AB - Data of tracer wash-out kinetics of substrates and other substances permit the calculation of myocardial capillary exchange rates. Transfer rates calculated from these data and from known plasms substrate concentrations are close to the extraction rates observed by several authors. The substrate pattern offered for the myocardial cell, calculated from the capillary transfer, is also very similar to that extracted. These findings indicate that myocardial substrate consumption is determined and, under certain circumstances, even limited by capillary exchange. Limitation of capillary substrate transfer might act as a bottleneck of myocardial energy metabolism and might induce myocardial cell necrosis under certain conditions. PMID- 1226458 TI - Influences of dietary fats on the coronary flow and oxygen consumption of the isolated rat heart. AB - The influence of various diets on the coronary flow (Qcor) and oxygen consumption (VO2m) of Langendorff-perfused rat hearts was studied. The diets contained 23 percent of the total amount of calories as proteins and sufficient amounts of minerals and vitamins, while the amounts of starch and type of fat were varied. In the Langendorff set-up, the perfusion pressure (Pp), and/or the developed left ventricular pressure (PD) were varied to change Qcor and VO2m. At Pp = 50 and 90 mm Hg, Qcor and VO2m of the isolated hearts of rats fed 50 percent of the total number of calories (cal%) as sunflower seed oil (50 SSO) or 50 cal% palm oil (50 PO) for 3 days were 10--20 percent higher than those of the hearts of rats fed pellets (11 cal% fat). At Pp = 80 mm Hg and at various levels of PD, Qcor of the isolated hearts of rats fed 50 SSO or 45 PO + 5 SSO for 3 months was about 20 percent higher than that of the isolated hearts of rats fed a high carbohydrate diet. No differences were found in VO2m or in the maximum obtainable value of PD. When rats were fed mixtures (total amount of fat 50 cal%) of SSO and hardened coconut oil (CO) for 3 days, Qcor increased with increasing dietary SSO. The value of Qcor of the isolated hearts of rats fed a high carbohydrate diet containing 5 cal% SSO was in between the values of the groups fed 50 SSO and 45 CO + 5 SSO. Perfusion of the latter two groups of hearts with substrate-free medium increased Qcor by about 35 percent. The total hypoxanthine + inosine output in these two groups of hearts was about 4.0 nmoles-min-1, and remained contstant during perfusion with substrate-free medium. We conclude that the composition of the diet influences the coronary flow of isolated perfused rat hearts. The amount and the type of dietary fat influence both the magnitude and the direction of the effects. The relationship between the type of dietary fat and its effects on coronary flow is complex. PMID- 1226460 TI - The effects of polyamines on cardiac protein biosynthesis. AB - Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine were able to stimulate cell-free protein biosynthesis at low Mg++ ion concentrations. The addition of polyamines to the perfusate of an isolated perfused rat heart preparation caused an increased rate of [14C]phenylalanine incorporation into myocardial protein. Spermine increased the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid into the myocardium. PMID- 1226461 TI - Changes in myocardial collagen in normal development and after beta blockade. AB - During development the total mass of collagen increases to the same degree in each ventricle independently of the mass of muscle. At birth the concentration of collagen is the same in each ventricle. Thereafter a greater quantity of muscle is developed in the left ventricle than in the right ventricle, so that the concentration of collagen in the right ventricle comes to exceed that in the left. In the mature rabbit the concentration of collagen is higher in the atria than in the ventricles, higher in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle, and higher in the epicardium than in the endocardium. Beta blockade has no effect on the content of myocardial collagen. PMID- 1226462 TI - Diffusion in the gas phase: the effects of ambient pressure and gas composition. AB - Gas transport across the pores of a hen's egg shell occurs by a process of diffusion in the gas phase and for any particular gas depends upon its diffusion coefficient and the pore geometry. The egg shell is thus a convenient model for measuring the diffusive permeability of the shell to a given gas species when its diffusion coefficient is altered by either a change in ambient pressure or by changing the second gas in the diffusion pathway. In this study the permeability of the shell to water vapor and O2 was inversely proportional to ambient pressures over the range of .06 to 8 atmospheres' absolute (ata). The permeability of the shell to water vapor in a He environment (KH20, He) was 2.4 times KH20, air. If KO2, N2 is taken as unity, the permeabilities of the shell to O2 in He, Ar, CO2 and SF6 are 3.38, 0.95, 0.88, and 0.52, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the Chapman-Enskog equation, from which binary diffusion coefficients can be predicted for given gas pairs and ambient pressures. These results also provide explantations for the structural modification of egg shells in altitude-adapted chickens, and for the reduced insensible water loss in man at high ambient pressure. PMID- 1226463 TI - Effects of ambient PO2 on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and red cell ATP concentrations in a benthic fish, Pleuronectes platessa. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that acclimation of mammals and fish to hypoxic conditions elicits opposite responses in red cell organic phosphate levels (an increase and a decrease, respectively). This investigation focuses on the "reverse" response - when the benthic fish Pleuronectes platessa, which occurs locally under hypoxic conditions, is subjected to higher oxygen tensions. Compared to the hypoxic (PO2 =30 mm Hg) situation the ATP:Hb ratio in increased (1.1 to 1.8) and oxygen affinity is increased (i.e. P50 changed from 18 to 30 mm, at pH 7.7 and 15 degrees C) by acclimation to Po2 of 150 mm Hg. Under hyperoxic conditions (Po2 =300 mm Hg) the ATP:hemoglobin ratio and blood P50 showed a surprising decrease and returned to values comparable to those in hypoxic fish (to 1.3 and 18 mm Hg, respectively). When "stripped" of organic and inorganic ions hemoglobin solutions prepared from fish acclimated at 30 and at 150 mm Hg have the same P50 and Bohr effect values, showing that the intra-erythrocytic factor rather than changes in the hemoglobin molecules, are involved. The pure hemoglobin shows high sensitivity to ATP at physiological concentrations. There is evidence that apart from the direct helcotropic effects, ATP decreases oxygen affinity in the red cells through modification of the Donnan distribution of protons across the red cell membrane. Fish acclimated to 30 and 150 mm Hg oxygen tensions showed the same oxygen consumption rates at the same oxygen tensions. PMID- 1226464 TI - Oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in pregnancy. AB - The oxygen consumption (Vo2) of 12 normal women was measured at monthly intervals during pregnancy and 2, 6 and 12 weeks and 6 months postpartum. At each study session measurements were made sitting at rest, during standard steady-state exercise on a bicycle ergometer, and for 10 minutes of recovery. A significant increase in exercise Vo2 was observed in late pregnancy when compared to paired postpartum values. The oxygen debt incurred by standard exercise was also greater in late pregnancy than 12-14 weeks postpartum. PMID- 1226465 TI - Ventilation during rest and exercise in pregnancy and postpartum. AB - The expiratory minute volume (Ve), respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), carbon dioxide production (Vco2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (FETCO2) and pressure (PETCO2) were measured at monthly intervals in 12 normal women during pregnancy and two, six and 12 weeks, and six months postpartum. At eacy study, measurements were made sitting at rest and during steady-state exercise at 306 kpm/min on a bicycle ergometer. During pregnancy, a significant increase in VE occurred, both at rest and during exercise, due to a significantly greater VT. Although VCO2 was significantly increased at rest throughout pregnancy and with exercise in late pregnancy, the respiratory exchange ratio (R) was not significantly altered during pregnancy. The FETCO2 was lower during pregnancy than postpartum, both at rest and during exercise. The ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) was greater at rest near term and during exercise throughout pregnancy. However, resting physiologic dead space increased during pregnancy. Alveolar ventilation (VA) was calculated on the basis of three alternative assumptions: (1) that PETCO2 during exercise accurately reflects mean alveolar PCO2; (2) that the physiological dead space does not change during exercise; and (3) that mean alveolar PCO2 does not change from rest to exercise. Exercise VA, calculated on the basis of any of these three assumptions, is greater during pregnancy than postpartum. PMID- 1226466 TI - Respiratory function of blood in hibernating and non-hibernating hedgehogs. AB - The oxygen affinity of the blood of hibernating hedgehogs has been investigated previously by Clausen and Ersland (1968) and Bartels et al. (1969). The results of these studies were conflicting in so far as Bartels et al. (1969) found an increase of the O2 affinity during hibernation resulting in a P50 of 23 mm Hg at pH 7.4 37 degrees C, while Clausen and Ersland reported a P50 of 33.6 mm Hg under the same conditions, a value which was only slightly different from the one found in nonhibernating animals (Bartels et al., 1969). PMID- 1226467 TI - Central ventilatory responses to O2 and CO2 at three levels of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation. AB - Two series of experiments were performed on anesthetized dogs to study the steady state ventilatory responses of the central respiratory mechanism to hypoxia and hypercapnia at three different levels of cartoid body stimulation. A cross perfusion technique was used to perfuse a recipient dog's carotid bodies with blood of desired oxygen tension from a donor dog. Central hypoxia and hypercapnia were induced by allowing the recipient dog to spontaneously breathe specific gas mixtures for 6-min periods. PMID- 1226468 TI - Activity of medullary respiratory neurones during reflexes from the lungs in cats. AB - We have studied in cats the discharge pattern in response to lung inflation and deflation of 283 medullary respiratory neurones, 173 being inspiratory and 110 expiratory. The ventral respiratory nucleus, near the nucleus ambiguus, was particularly investigated. The neurones were classified into bulbo-spinal neurones, laryngeal motoneurones and propriobulbar neurones by antidromic invasion from the spinal cord or the vagus nerve (collision test). The bulbo spinal neurones responded in the same direction as spinal motoneurones in the Hering-Breuer reflexes: depression of inspiratory neurones and facilitation of expiratory neurones by inflation of the lungs. All the expiratory laryngeal motoneurones and some inspiratory laryngeal motoneurons responded in the opposite direction to the Hering-Breuer reflexes: depression of expiratory motoneurones and facilitation of inspiratory motoneurones. The function of propriobular neurones could be inferred from their response to Hering-Breuer reflexes: one group of propriobulbar neurones responded in such a manner as to be linked to the activity of the bulbo-spinal neurones; the other group responded in accordance with the activity of the laryngeal motoneurones. PMID- 1226469 TI - The interaction of chemo- and mechanoreceptor signals in the control of airway calibre. AB - The volume of an isolated tracheal segment and of the intrathoracic airways (intrathoracic portion of anatomical dead space) were measured during independent changes in ventilation minute volume and alveolar PCO2 and PO2, in order to assess the separate effects of chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor signals upon airway calibre. The results were highly dependent upon initial airway tone, initial airway constriction favouring dilator responses and vice versa. Increasing alveolar PCO2 caused reflex airway constriction if ventilation was held constant. The magnitude of this response was reduced if ventilation was maintained at a high level and increased if it was held at a low level. Increasing ventilation caused reflex airway dilatation even if end tidal PCO2 was held constant. The size of the dilatation was reduced at high PCO2s and increased at low PCO2s. The interactions of the chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor signals and of the effect of initial airway tone put a limit on airway dilatation during hyperventilation and particularly during hypercapnic hyperventilation. These mechanisms also limit the airway constriction following reductions in ventilation. They are consistent with the existence of an airway control system which adjusts airway calibre to minimise the work of breathing. PMID- 1226471 TI - [Rigorous attitude and principle concerning the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer (study over 5 consecutive years)]. PMID- 1226470 TI - [Varicella pneumonia in adults. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 1226472 TI - [Pericardial and myocardial changes during acute viral diseases]. PMID- 1226474 TI - [Congenital latero-cervical cysts]. PMID- 1226473 TI - [Choice of surgical treatment in Crohn's disease and its effects on recurrence of the disease]. PMID- 1226475 TI - [Neurologic complications of pancreatitis]. PMID- 1226476 TI - [Process control and management of mine ventilation by means of a computer]. AB - The application of process control to mine ventilation, as described in this paper, has two aims 1. to improve safety in mines, by a rapid and, if possible, continuous matching of the air distribution with the variable methane and heat emissions in the mine workings, 2. to limit the adverse effects of perturbation in the mine ventilation system. The principles are discussed and the computer flow sheets given. The colliery where the installation is proposed, is presented. Pressure, air flow, methane concentration, temperature and humidity are measured underground. Readings are collected and transmitted through the telephone network to a computer where they are processed in real time. The next step will be to install the airflow regulating devices and to control them remotely by computer. The computer programs will be progressively introduced in the control routine. Nevertheless, the important regulating actions will not, at least during the initial period, be automaticaly executed unless supervised by man. PMID- 1226477 TI - Investigation of the blood flow in the maxillary sinus. AB - Plethysmographic measurements of the blood flow in the mucosa of the human maxillary sinus was reported in 1974, but the errors of the method were not completely known. By measuring the absorption of the radioactive gas 133Xe by the antral mucosa simultaneously with plethysmography a comparison between the two methods is possible. A good correlation between the two methods was found in the only subject investigated so far. PMID- 1226478 TI - The indirect measurement of nasal airway resistance. AB - This is a comparative study of two indirect methods for measuring nasal airway resistance. 1. In 499 patients, nasal airway resistance was studied with the alternating pressure principle. Using mathematical and computer analysis, nasal resistance averaged 18,7 and 15,4 mm H2O/1/sec., respectively. This correlates well with literature data of nasal resistance, as defined by different methods. 2. In 760 patients nasal airway resistance was studied with the body plethysmograph. The mean value was 11,5 mm H2O/1/sec. We believe, that there is a methodical failure due to leakage of the mask during exspiration against a mechanical closing mechanism of the body plethysmograph. PMID- 1226479 TI - Controlled specific immunotherapy of the nasal atopy. AB - 61 extrinsic nasal atopic patients (26 Grass-positive, 35 D.pt.-positive) underwent a longitudinal study of some clinical-diagnostic parameters in order to establish their usefulness for a specific controlled therapy. The symptoms diary drawn up by the patient himself together with the research of the threshold and nasal responsiveness by the RRM provocation test and the evaluation on the same patient of the endo-point of the blocking antibodies result, at present time, the most suitable means to carry out in a satisfactory way a controlled specific therapy. PMID- 1226480 TI - Push-down of the external nasal pyramid by resection of wedges. AB - A technique of wedge resection is used for reduction of an extreme projection of the bony nasal pyramid. In these cases the push-down technique is inadequate, and resection of the dorsum is considered too destructive. The method consists of the resection under direct vision of a bony triangle at the base of the bony pyramid. To this end, a subperiosteal tunnel about 7-8 mm wide is created on the lateral and medial surface of the nasal bones via vestibular incisions. PMID- 1226481 TI - [Bone disease in secondary hemochromatosis. Clinico-radiological study]. PMID- 1226482 TI - [Study of an antiserum suggesting the existence of an HL-A locus different from those described up to now]. PMID- 1226483 TI - [Determination of H.S.A.P. (Heat Stable Alkaline Phosphatase) in the normal and pathological pregnancy]. PMID- 1226484 TI - [Study on the therapeutic use of mineral waters with special regard to the waters of Sirmione]. PMID- 1226485 TI - [Prognostic value of the serum HCG radioimmunoassay in threatened abortion]. PMID- 1226486 TI - [Biological significance of the hypercupremia in pregnancy]. PMID- 1226487 TI - [Aspects of coagulation in pregnancy]. PMID- 1226488 TI - [Clinico-statistical comparative data on menarche and menstruation disorders in girls with birth weight equal or less than 2500 gramms and in girls of the same age with normal birth weight]. PMID- 1226489 TI - [Clinical experiences with the use of prostaglandin F 2 alpha for the induction of labor]. PMID- 1226490 TI - [Clinical experiences in the use of oral preparation of prostaglandin E 2 (tablets of 0,5mg) for labor induction]. PMID- 1226491 TI - [Behavior of plasma levels of progesterone during labor induced by oral administration of PGE 2]. PMID- 1226492 TI - [Preliminary note on juvenile dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 1226493 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on vesico-ureteric reflux. PMID- 1226494 TI - Renal blood flow and function during neuroleptanaesthesia and at elevated intravesical pressure. An experimental study in the pig. AB - During two hours of neuroleptanaesthesia in five pigs, renal blood flow was unchanged, whereas renal vascular resistance and the mean arterial blood pressure increased. The glomerular function was not significantly altered. The tubular function was moderately impaired. The intravesical pressure was successively elevated in seven pigs. This caused no changes in renal blood flow. The renal vascular resistance increased parallelled by a slight increase of the mean arterial blood pressure. Both glomerular and tubular function decreased when the intravesical pressure was elevated to 50 mm Hg or above. PMID- 1226495 TI - Renal blood flow and function at elevated ureteric pressure. An experimental study in the pig. AB - The unilateral ureteric pressure was successively elevated in five piglets. Bilateral studies of renal blood flow and related parameters (cardiac output, renal vascular resistance, mean arterial and mean venous blood pressures) revealed no significant changes. At a unilateral ureteric pressure of 10 mm Hg, there was a temporary decrease in the renal vascular resistance in both kidneys concomitatnt with an increase in renal blood flow. Glomerular and tubular function decreased successively as the unilateral ureteric pressure was increased. At a retrograde pressure of 75 mm Hg, some renal function was still preserved, probably due to pyelolymphatic backflow. PMID- 1226496 TI - Renal blood flow and function in vesico-ureteric reflux. An experimental study in the pig. AB - A unilateral, free, vesico-ureteric reflux was surgically created in six piglets. Three to four months later, glomerular and tubular function had decreased by about 50 per cent. The reflux also caused a reduction in the kidney's capacity to maintain a steady blood supply when the intravesical pressure was elevated. PMID- 1226497 TI - Experimental myopathies and muscular dystrophy. Studies in the formal pathogenesis of the myopathy of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. PMID- 1226498 TI - The contributions of the family to the development of competence in children. PMID- 1226499 TI - The normality of deviance: an alternate explanation of schizophrenia in the family. PMID- 1226500 TI - The family's contribution to the etiology of schizophrenia: current status. PMID- 1226501 TI - Family and biologic variables in the same etiologic studies of schizophrenia: a proposal. PMID- 1226502 TI - Letter: Pros and cons of community vs. hospital treatment. PMID- 1226503 TI - Structured learning therapy--skill training for schizophrenics. PMID- 1226504 TI - Families and the etiology of schizophrenia. Fishing without a net. PMID- 1226505 TI - Exposure to methylene chloride. III. Metabolism of 14C-labelled methylene chloride in rat. AB - The accumulation of methylene chloride and its metabolites in different organs and tissues was studied in an experimental series comprising 10 rats. Each rat was exposed for 1 h to radioactive methylene chloride (14C) in a concentration amounting to 1,935 mg/m3 in inspiratory air. Radioactive carbon atoms were found in the isolated carbon monoxide after exposure. There was also a close correlation between the activity of carbon monoxide extracted from the blood sample and the amount of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in the specimen. The largest concentration of methylene chloride and its metabolites per gram of tissue was found in white adipose tissue. This concentration had declined by more than 90% 2 h after exposure, whereas the concentration in the liver declined by about 25% during the same period. The amount accumulated in the brain displayed a decline of about 75% 2 h after exposure. Thus the examination showed that the increased concentration of COHb in the blood during exposure to methylene chloride is due to the metabolism of methylene chloride into carbon monoxide. PMID- 1226507 TI - The epidermiologic relationship between pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure. AB - This paper describes an investigation of 85 notifications of either probable or possible mesothelioma to the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1953 through 1969. The investigation covers characteristic epidemiologic features and the possibility of the mesothelioma being connected with occupational or other exposure to asbestos. The incidence rate of pleural mesothelioma was estimated at 1.1 per million per year. The male/female ratio was 1.3:1, which greatly differed fsrom that for malignant neoplasms of the bronchus or lung in Finland in 1960. The mean age at dealth from mesothelioma was over 7 years lower than that for bronchial carcinoma. The ratio of the crude incidence rates for the urban and rural populations was 4.2; the corresponding ratio for cases of carcinoma oopulations was 4.2; the corresponding ratio for cases of carcinoma of the bronchus or lung was 1.2 in Finland in 1960. THE LAST OCCUPATIONS OF THE 82 DECEASED PERSONS, OBTAINED FROM THE DEATH CERTIFICATES, WERE DIVIDIED INTO THREE CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO POSSIBLE ASBESTOS EXPOSURE. Exposure was present or probable in 9 (11.0) cases, 28 (34.2 %) had a possible exposure, and in 33 (40.2 %) cases exposure was absent or unlikely. The occupation of 12 (14.6) persons was unknown. Additional information of possible exposure history was obtained by interviewing the relatives of 10 mesothelioma patients. For half of the persons a definite, although in some cases trivial, exposure to asbestos could be ascertained. For the other five persons no exposure, either occupational, neighborhood or domestic, to asbestos could be traced. The residental distribution of the 85 persons with mesothelioma revealed no clustering of cases. PMID- 1226506 TI - Female work capacity during the menstrual cycle: physiological and psychological reactions. AB - Changes in physical and mental work capacity during the menstrual cycle were studied in 12 healthy woemen with severe menstrual distress. Physiological and psychological tests were performed before, during, and after menstruation. Heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion were measured during work on a bicycle ergometer ar two submaximal work loads corresponding to 40 and 70 %, respectively, of individual maximal oxygen uptake. Mental work capacity was studied with the aid of performance tests of psychological functions such as attention, short-term memory, perceptual speed, perception of time, and reaction time. No change in heart rate or oxygen uptake could be observed over the three phases of the menstrual cycle. However, pulmonary ventilation during work varied significantly. It was highest in the menstrual phase. At the same heart rate exercise on the bicycle ergometer was perceived as more exerting in the menstrual phase than in either the premenstrual or postmenstrual phase. Among the performance tests significant results were obtained only in a test of reaction time, which was slightly impaired during the menstrual phase. The results of the performance tests do not however support the assumption that menstruation affects a woman's mental work capacity. PMID- 1226508 TI - Vascular effects of carbon disulfide: a review. PMID- 1226509 TI - Exposure to methylene chloride. I Its concentration in alveolar air and blood during rest and exercise and its metabolism. AB - Fourteen subjects were exposed to about 870 and 1,740 mg/m3 of methylene chloride in the air during rest and physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The duration of each exposure period was 30 min. Each subject was exposed during four periods. The concentration of methylene chloride in the alveolar air increased in the beginning but had a tendency to level off at the end of each period. There was a high correlation between the alveolar and arterial concentration of methylene chloride. The uptake of methylene chloride was about 55 % of the supplied amount at rest, about 40% at a work load of 50 W, and about 30 and 35 % at 100 and 150 W, respectively. The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) increased both during and after exposure. With exposure to 1,740 mg/m3 a concentration of COHb in the blood of about 0.85 g/100 ml was reached. This value corresponds to about 5.5 % COHb. PMID- 1226510 TI - Exposure to methylene chloride. II. Psychological functions. AB - The effect of the solvent methylene chloride on psychological functions such as reaction time, short-term memory, and numerical ability was studied in 14 healthy male subjects. Each subject was tested repeatedly during exposure to 870, 1,740, 2,600, and 3,470 mg/m3 of methylene choride in inspiratory air and during control conditions. Samples of sub ject alveolar air were taken every third minute during the experiments. No statistically significant impairement in the performance of examined functions could be observed during exposure to methylene choride as compared to control conditions. Inexposure to the highest concentration a greater irregularity of response was obtained for subject reaction time than under control conditions. PMID- 1226511 TI - [Determination of specific IgE serum antibodies using the Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test (RAST) and its significance for the diagnosis of atopic allergy]. AB - The Radio Allergo Sorbent Test (Phadebas-RAST) is a recently developed radioimmunological in-vitro test for determining IgE specific serum antibodies in reaginic allergy. The overall correspondence between RAST and skin tests in 1,128 tests with a total of 19 allergens was 70.2%. The agreement between positive RAST and skin tests was 22.1%. In instances of disagreement the combination of a positive skin test and a negative RAST was much more frequent (24.1%) than the reverse (5,7%). The agreement between RAST and skin tests was 94.5% for cat epithelium, 89.3% for egg white, 86.2% for timothy pollen, 84.2% for milk, 80.3% for mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 78.8% for birch pollen, 71.9% for dog epithelium, 67.7% for horse dandruff, 57.3% for moulds and only 40.3% for house dust. Positive RAST results for atopic patients with respiratory allergy usually indicate a clinically relevant sensitization (positive case history or positive provocation test), while negative results do not rule out the possibility of significant sensitization. Circulating reagins were detected in 9.4% of the mite and 12.7% of the mould RAST, although the skin tests were negative. The greatest discrepancy between RAST and inhalation test results occurred with house dust (47% agreement, only 12% positive correlation). The RAST was negative in 53% of the cases with positive provocation tests. The first step in the diagnosis of allergy is still a thorough case history combined with careful prick and intracutaneous testing. When the case history and skin tests are in disagreement, RAST may be helpful as a supplementary test. In addition, the RAST may be useful in clarifying cases in which the patient is on continuous steroid or antihistamine therapy, as well as for children who are frightened of skin tests. If house dust asthma is suspected, it is advisable in all but a few instances to utilize the bronchial provocation test to confirm the diagnosis and for initiation of specific desensitization. PMID- 1226512 TI - [Psychological care of the child cancer patient]. AB - The basic problems surrounding the psychological care of children with cancer are outlined and possible solutions are considered. Parent-related problems are suitable guidance to parents about the nature of the disease and understanding for the possible resultant reactions, and the building of a doctor-parent relationship which can help the parents to accept the loss of their child more easily. In regard to the child-related problems, it is important that the child is informed about all new situations, that his problems are taken seriously and that he receives as much warmth and security as possible. The child is then able to adjust to the threatening situation in which he finds himself and his fears will be lessened. Only then, a clarifying dialogue between the doctor and the child is possible, as long as this is thought necessary, and it is possible that it may help the child to an easier death. In conclusion, the reactions of the staff when faced with an incurable sick child that reminds them of their own mortality are discussed. Suggestions are made that may lead to a better contact between the child with cancer and the doctor. PMID- 1226513 TI - [Restoration of growth contact inhibition in malignant melanocytes from man, mice, and hamsters]. AB - Contact inhibition of growth is the in vitro property whose loss is most closely correlated with in vivo tumorigenicity. A contact inhibited line of hamster melanocytes produces a diffusible high molecular weight protein (melanocyte contact inhibitory factor, MCIF) which restores contact inhibition of growth to hamster malignant melanocytes. MCIF, extracted from culture medium of confluent contact-inhibited cultures, is now shown to restore the same capacity for in vitro growth regulation to malignant melanocytes of human and murine origins. In all 3 species MCIF produces characteristic changes in growth and morphology of cultures, with significant reductions of saturation densities. MCIF, the first protein identified which restores contact inhibition of growth to malignant cells, may be the prototype for a closely related class of surface-associated proteins concerned with regulation of normal cell-cell interactions leading to feedback inhibition of growth. PMID- 1226514 TI - [Difficulties of treatment of phlebitis and the evaluation of its sequelae]. PMID- 1226515 TI - [Immunotherapy in odonto-stomatology: apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 1226516 TI - [Treatment of restrictive respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1226517 TI - [Treatment of severe arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1226518 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 1226520 TI - [Trial of sulpiride in child psychiatry]. PMID- 1226519 TI - [In favor of an adapted isoniazid posology]. PMID- 1226521 TI - From "boy" to "colleague": processes of role transformation in professional socialization. PMID- 1226522 TI - Convergences and divergences: anthropology and sociology in health care. PMID- 1226523 TI - Medical anthropology: some contrasts with medical sociology. PMID- 1226524 TI - Knowledge about where to find help: a preliminary analysis. PMID- 1226525 TI - Images of mental illness and the mentally ill among nurses in a developing country. PMID- 1226526 TI - The Spanish health planning experience: 1964-1975. PMID- 1226527 TI - Minor psychiatric disturbance in young adults. The use of the general health questionnaire in the estimation of the prevalence of non-psychotic disturbance in different groups. PMID- 1226528 TI - Mortality decline in India, 1951-1961: development vs public health program hypothesis. PMID- 1226529 TI - Neurotic wives in a modern residential suburb: a sociological profile. PMID- 1226530 TI - Relationship between psychotherapy skills and level of training in a psychiatric residency program. PMID- 1226531 TI - Behavioural science theory in medical education. PMID- 1226532 TI - Fear and rejection of patients by health practitioners. PMID- 1226533 TI - Toxoplasma antibodies in Indonesian and Chinese medical students in Jakarta. AB - The presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in medical students of Indonesian and Chinese ancestry was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test with titers of 1:256 or greater considered positive. The sera from 90 Indonesian and 203 Chinese male (146) and female (147) students between 20 and 30 years of age were tested and positive titers detected in the sera of 16 (18%) Indonesians and 14 (7%) of the Chinese. There were no difference between the presence of positive titer and between males and females of either ethnic groups. Both groups denied eating raw or partly cooked meats and no correlation could be found between the ownership of domestic cats, the eating of exotic meats and positive titers. PMID- 1226534 TI - The role of cell-mediated immunity in Taenia taeniaeformis infections. AB - A functional cell mediated immunity (CMI) response was recorded in rats experimentally infected with Taenia taeniaeformis larvae. The presence of CMI was manifested in the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction recorded between 12 hours and 24 hours on elicitation with antigen. The time course of the immediate type hypersensitivity (ITH) over 10 weeks showed 2 peaks around the 2nd and the 6th weeks of infection, whereas the DTH response was generally weaker and more uniform over the same time course. Transfer of peritoneal cells from infected rats conferred partial protection to normal recipient rats against a challenge infection. However, optimal protection was only about 50% with transfer of 0.625 X 10(7) cells/rat, and no increase in protection was possible even with transfer of higher cell concentrations. PMID- 1226535 TI - Further evaluation of blood circumoval precipitin test (filter paper) and stool formalin-ether method in schistosomiasis japonica field surveys. PMID- 1226536 TI - Ancylostoma malayanum, Alessandrini, 1905 in Thailand. AB - Ancylostoma malayanum was recorded from a Malayan Sunbear, Helarctos malayanus, in Nakorn Sri Thammarat Province, Southern Thailand. Comparison of the body measurements recorded by various authors were presented. The morphological features were described and illustrated, including the anogenital papillae. PMID- 1226537 TI - Ascariasis control and/or eradication in a rural community in the Philippines. PMID- 1226538 TI - Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in small towns and villages of Penang Island, Malaysia--an ovitrap survey. AB - An ovitrap survey was carried out in April and May of 1975 at twenty-one locations scattered throughout Penang Island excluding the City of Georgetown. The results showed the ubiquitous presence of Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti was recorded only in Tanjung Tokong Lama, an area adjacent to the City of Georgetown. In the survey, Ae. albopictus females were found to prefer the outdoor ovitraps than indoor ones. The effectiveness of ovitrap in Aedes survey was discussed. PMID- 1226539 TI - The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 27. The life cycle of A. (P.) robertsi population samples from Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, and Sri Lanka. AB - To provide background data for an investigation of biological interrelationships between Argas (Persicargas) robertsi Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Kohls and 3 arboviruses (Kao Shuan, Pathum Thani, and Nyamanini) isolated from this tick species, domestic pigeons were used as experimental hosts to study the life cycle of population samples from Taiwan (TA), Thailand (TH), Indonesia (IN), Sri Lanka (SR), and Australia (AU). The life cycle (at 28-30 degrees C and 75% RH) required 2-10 months. Biological data for the different population samples varied possibly owing to atavistic retention of seasonally adjusted properties associated with diapause and the migratory habits or breeding cycles of wild hosts, or to different rearing times of the various samples. There were 2-4 nymphal instars in SR and AU samples and 2-5 instars in TA, TH, and IN samples. Nymphs and adults fed within a few days after molting or oviposition and usually emitted coxal fluid while feeding. Males molted from earlier nymphal instars than females. PMID- 1226540 TI - Canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) in Thailand. AB - An epizootic of canine ehrlichiosis has occurred in military working dogs in Thailand. During the epizootic, 161 cases of ehrlichiosis were identified serologically in a population of 316 dogs, and 54 dogs exhibited clinical signs of disease. The epizootic is being controlled by elimination of ticks, by serologic identification and treatment of carriers with 30 mg/lb body weight/day of tetracycline for 14 days, and by continuous daily prophylactic administration of 3 mg/lb body weight/day of tetracycline. Clinical and serologic recognition of ehrlichiosis among pet dogs in widely separated regions of Thailand suggest that the disease has been endemic in Thailand for an extended time. Under such circumstances it is possible that pet and stray dogs have served as a source of infection for the epizootic in military working dogs. PMID- 1226541 TI - Serum haptoglobins in pregnancy. AB - Serum haptoglobin types and levels were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and a colorimetric method based on the peroxidase activity of the haptoglobin methaemoglobin complex in 220 pregnant women and 120 normal female subjects. The frequency distributions of haptoglobin types in the 2 groups of subjects were similar. No correlation between the number of gravida or duration of pregnancy and serum haptoglobin levels were observed in pregnant subjects. Haptoglobin values were found to be low in 39% of pregnant women and a direct relationship between these low haptoglobin levels and the haemoglobin concentrations was observed. The cause of low haptoglobin values was probably haemodilution and increased blood estrogen concentrations during pregnancy. PMID- 1226542 TI - Capillaria hepatitis in the Indonesian house shrew, Suncus murinus. PMID- 1226543 TI - Sundathelphusa philippina (Martens 1868) the new name of the crustacean intermediate host of mammalian lung fluke (Paragonimus) in the Philippines. PMID- 1226544 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1226545 TI - Transmammary transmission of Ancylostoma tubaeforme in mice. PMID- 1226546 TI - [Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus in injuries and infectious pathology]. PMID- 1226547 TI - [The traumatology of the middle part of the face (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226548 TI - [Nasal trauma in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226549 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of malar bone fractures]. PMID- 1226550 TI - [Symptomatology and treatment of recent injuries of teeth and the alveolar process (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226551 TI - [Special splinting technique for the functional treatment of mandible fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226552 TI - [Penetrating injuries of pharynx and oral cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226553 TI - Cancer mortality declines in 1975. PMID- 1226554 TI - Population growth of metropolitan areas to continue. PMID- 1226555 TI - Married women in the Canadian labor force. PMID- 1226556 TI - The purification of methylene blue and azure B by solvent extraction and crystallization. AB - Detailed schemes are described for the preparation of purified methylene blue and azure B from commercial samples of methylene blue. Purified methylene blue is obtained by extracting a solution of the commercial product in an aqueous buffer (pH 9.5) with carbon tetrachloride. Methylene blue remains in the aqueous layer but contaminating dyes pass into the carbon tetrachloride. Metal salt contaminants are removed when the dye is crystallized by the addition of hydrochloric acid at a final concentration of 0.25 N. Purified azure B is obtained by extracting a solution of commercial methylene blue in dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide (pH 11-11.5) with carbon tetrachloride. In this pH range, methylene blue is unstable and yields azure B. The latter passes into the carbon tetrachloride layer as it is formed. Metal salt contaminants remain in the aqueous layer. A concentrated solution oa azure B is obtained by extracting the carbon tetrachloride layer with 4.5 X 10(-4)N hydrobromic acid. The dye is then crystallized by increasing the hydrobromic acid concentration to 0.23 N. Thin layer chromatography of the purified dyes shows that contamination with related thiazine dyes is absent or negligible. Ash analyses reveal that metal salt contamination is also negligible (sulphated ash less than 0.2%). PMID- 1226557 TI - A technique for cytological preparations following enzymatic digestion of pollen mother cell walls. AB - A technique is presented for making meiotic chromosome preparations with enzymatic digestion of pollen mother cell walls with cellulase. This technique has given excellent chromosome definition from early pachytene stages on. Such chromosome preparations were found useful for in situ nucleic acid hybridisation studies on plant chromosomes. PMID- 1226559 TI - [Ultrastructure of sheep metaphase chromosomes identified by study of total preparations of metaphase plates]. AB - The data obtained suggest wide possibilities of using the elaborated method of the whole metaphase plates investigation under the electron microscope to disclose the specific characters of the structure of individual chromosomes. Each chromosome has a definite number of bands of condensed DNP material. The number and disposition of bands are essentially the same in homologous chromosomes. The Giemsa-positive disks which could be seen after differential chromosome staining correspond to the bands of condensed material. PMID- 1226558 TI - [Ultrastructure of trophocyte nuclei in polytrophic ovarioles of Chrysopa perla (Neuroptera)]. AB - The light and electron microscope and autoradiographic studies (H3-uridin incorporation) were carried out on the trophocyte nuclei of imago polytrophic ovarioles of Chrysopa perla (Neuroptera), from the trophocyte differentiation up to their degeneration. Like the oocytes, one of the seven nurse cells o every ovariole chamber contains extrachromosomal DNA bodies. This nurse cell is formed during differential mitoses in the germarium as one of two prooocytes. In contrast to extrachromosomal DNA of oocytes the trophocyte DNA bodies are less active structures. Several (2--4) complex nucleoli develop in the trophocytes of Chrysopa in the early stages of oogenesis. They consist of three main components: the chromatin mass, fibrillar bodies and granular strands. Such nucleoli grow, through increasing in number of fibrillar bodies and granular strands. They are most developed by the start of the vitellogenesis. At the middle vitellogenesis the general nucleolar structure modify due to the beginning of trophocyte degeneration. The consecutive stages of nuclear degeneration are described. The trophocyte nucleoli synthesize RNA still in germarium. The most intensive RNA synthesis is observed at the beginning of the vitellogenesis to decrease by the beginning of trophocyte degeneration. PMID- 1226560 TI - [Denaturation time of actomyosin exposed to different chemicals]. AB - The frog sceleton muscle actomyosin denaturation time dependence on the concentration of salts (NaCl and CaCl2) and organic chemicals (carbohydrates, narcotics and alcohols) was investigated. The following effects were detected: phase change in denaturation time associated with the rise of concentration of chemicals under study; actomyosin stabilization effect; coincidence of concentrations giving rise to protein stability with those increasing the survival time of isolated frog sceleton muscles in vitro (literature data); denaturation effect of alcohols used, both in high and very low concentrations. PMID- 1226561 TI - [Effect of naphthenic acids on the permeability of ascitic tumor cells to potassium ions]. AB - Ascite cells were treated with naphthenic acid preparation, containing a mixture of naphthenic acids with average molecular weight equal to 240, and with a fraction of this preparation differing in the boiling temperature. A 5-10(-7)M and higher concentrations of the preparation and its fraction brought about an increased permeability in ascite cells for K-ions. The effectiveness of naphthenic acids is associated with their hydrophobic properties, which was characterized in the present communication by the value of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance calculated according to the Davies formula. PMID- 1226562 TI - [Character of neuronal functional associations according to the content of RNA and SH-groups in the cat cerebral cortex]. AB - A new principle of taxonomy was used for determination of the spaceal character of the neuron cortex associations based on RNA and SH-group contents. The experiments were performed on the intact cat's somatosensory cortex, and after epileptiform activity induced by electrical stimulation. In the intact cortex, the neuronal mosaic of metabolic activity (determined by RNA and SH-group contents) was meshed, whereas in the hemisphere with epileptiform activity this mosaic was formed by less numerous but larger groups of cells. The functional significance of these groups is discussed. PMID- 1226564 TI - [Possibility of using irradiated non-dividing target cells for evaluating the cytolytic activity of leukocytes in vitro]. AB - Immune allogeneic cells of lymph nodes, spleen and peritoneal exudate lyse in vitro dividing and irradiated non-dividing target cells with the same intensity. The number of target cells lysed during the immune attack are more precisely registered in irradiated non-dividing cells. PMID- 1226563 TI - [Hippocampus morphology in tissue culture]. AB - Explants of the hippocampus of newborn rats were studied neurohistologically and with electron microscope within 5--35 days of explantation. Two zones are found in the culture of the hippocampus: a zone of explant, and a zone of outgrowth. Neurons, glial cells and a network of their fibres are compactly arranged in the center of the former, whereas, the latter involves a layer of migrated glial cells. The explant is surrounded by glia limiting cells. Three types of neurons are identified in the long living culture of the hippocampus: pyramidal, polymorphic and granule cells. Numerous nerve endings observed in the hippocampic explant can be recognized as axodendritic, axosomatic and glomerular synapses. The availability of several types of neurons, a variety of synapses and their complication during outgrowth of the culture are suggestive of a formation in the hippocampic explant of a functional reflex activity. PMID- 1226565 TI - [Effect of far and near ultraviolet radiation on the DNA content in the unicellular flagellate alga Dunaliella salina]. AB - Effects of far (254 nm) and near (above 300 nm) ultraviolet radiation on DNA in Dunaliella salina were compared. DNA synthesis was delayed by both the kinds of UV radiation applied in isoeffective doses (ld0 and LD90), but the extent of inhibition of DNA synthesis was much stronger after action of far UV rays. PMID- 1226566 TI - [Comparison of the dimensions of synaptic vesicles in axon profiles forming synapses on the bodies and dendrites of cat motor cortex neurons]. AB - The synaptic vesicle sizes in the cat motor cortex presynaptic elements was estimated by variational statistics. Populations of axonal profiles synapsing on the pyramidal neurone bodies were found to have significantly smaller synaptic vesicle sizes as compared to the axonal terminals at the dendrite branches and dendrite spines. PMID- 1226567 TI - [Preparation of isolated cells by alkaline dissociation of formalin fixed tissue]. AB - A procedure is described for preparation of isolated cells by treating formaldehyde fixed tissues with a 50%-solution of KOH. This results in complete yield of cells from a variety of organs (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, etc.). The alkali-treated cells entirely retain their morphological and tinctorial peculiarities. It was shown that preparations derived from alkali-treated tissues were useful for a series of quantitative cytological and cytochemical techniques: cytofluorometric estimation of nuclear DNA; interferometric determination of dry cell mass; autoradiographic studies of nuclear DNA synthesis; cell number counts; evaluation of cell distribution according to the number of their nuclei; estimation of the mitotic index. PMID- 1226568 TI - [Device for transmembrane voltage clamping in conditions of rapid transient processes]. AB - The voltage clamp system is proposed for studying the membrane ion currents with a characteristic time order 1 mu second. PMID- 1226569 TI - [Cardiac herniation after pneumonectomy]. PMID- 1226570 TI - [Induction of bladder tumours in the mouse by direct implantation of 20 methylcholanthrene. (author's transl)]]. AB - Plain paraffin was pellets and pellets containing 1% and 5% 20-MCA were implanted in the bladder of 219 C57 X IF and Swiss mice of both sexes. One hundred and fifty four survived and were killed after 40-42 weeks; 56 had been implanted with plain pellet and 98 with pellet containing the carcinogen. Only one bladder tumour (1,8%) developed in the former, whereas 35 tumours (35.7%) were found in the latter group. When a pellet containing 20-MCA was used, the tumour incidence was related to the strain and sex of the animals, rather than to the amount of carcinogen in the pellet. As a matter of fact, irrespective of the concentration of 20-MCA, females C57 X IF gave a significantly higher tumour yiels (87.5%) than males and Swiss mice of both sexes. It is concluded that when bladder implantation is used to induce tumours in mice, the results must be strictly referred to strain and sex. Besides tumours, areas of marked epithelial hyperplasia were seen in bladders implanted with either plain pellet or pellet containing 20-MCA. The possible meaning of this hyperplasia is briefly discussed and the need for further investigation stressed. PMID- 1226571 TI - [Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in the course of primary malignant tumors of the ovary. Cutaneous reactivity. (author's transl)]. AB - The present possibilities of clinically evaluating cell-mediated immune potential using skin reactivity to microbial protein antigens (streptokinase streptodornase; tuberculin; formalin-killed parotitis virus) together with a contact sensitized such as dinitrochlorobenzene are examined. A single evaluation index for the set of cutireactions is proposed and, as a practical example, the delayed hypersensitivity data based on intradermal and patch tests in 41 cases of primary malignant tumor of the ovary are reported. There is a definite correlation between immune impairment and cancer spread, with a survival prognosis value even in initial cases. PMID- 1226572 TI - [Effects of Hodgkin cytotoxic serum on blast transformation of normal and Hodgkin human peripheral blood lymphocytes]. AB - The PHA-resposiveness of normal and Hodgkin patient human peripheral blood lymphocytes has been studied before and after incubation with Hodgkin cytotoxic sera. The following conclusions have been reached: (a) Hodgkin cytotoxic serum is capable of decreasing the PHA-responsiveness of normal lymphocytes and of furtherly impairing the already defective PHA-responsiveness of Hodgkin lymphocytes. (b) The impaired PHA-responsiveness can be restored to the original levels by eluting the cytotoxic antibody. Control experiments in which normal and Hodgkin lymphocytes were put in contact with normal and Hodgkin non-cytotoxic serum showed no decrease of PHA-responsiveness. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that the presence of serum cytotoxin is at least partly responsible for the immuno-incompetence of T-lymphocytes characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1226573 TI - [Pleuroparenchymal and cardiomediastinal reactions in the radiotherapy of malignant lymphomas. (author's transl)]. AB - The radiographic documentation for over 300 malignant lymphoma patients who received radiotherapy to the hilo-mediastinal regions at the National Cancer Institute of Milan is examined with a view to ascertaining the pleuroparenchymal and cardiomediastinal sequelae of irradiation in a fairly homogeneous series in respect of treatment techniques. Early and late lesions of varying severity, mild, marked and severe, were found in 60% of the patients. Only in 15% were the lesions severe; in 6% pronounced pleural effusions were found and in 1.2% exudative pericarditis. To identify the etiological factors, the lesions were correlated with several variables: patient age, disease stage, pretreatment condition of the intrathoracic organs, radiotherapeutic techniques and doses, and combined therapy with Bleomycin at the doses usually given in the treatment of lymphomas, where relevant. Of these factors only the radiotherapeutic technique (site and number of fields, division of dose) and especially the dose absorbed seem to be relatively closely related to the frequency and severity of the post irradiation lesions. There seem to be other factors in the genesis of these lesions, probably related to individual reactivity, but for these we have no evaluation parameters. PMID- 1226574 TI - [Histopathologic and ultrastructural study of tumors induced by murine sarcoma virus (msv) (author's transl)]. AB - Various growth phases of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) induced tumors in suckling and young adult BALB/c mice have been studied by light and electron microscopy. In the early phase (3-6 days following M-MSV), observations at the injection site of the thigh muscles consisted of endo- and perimysial edema "activated" muscle satellite, cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, scattered type C virus particles within the muscle fibers, muscle fibers and endomysial cells undergoing necrosis and macrophage and granulocyte infiltration. During the overt tumor phase (6-12 days following M-MSV), observation of neoplastic tissue disclosed proliferation of several cell type (endothelial, periosteal, fibroblasts, etc.), poorly differentiated myoblasts along with atypical rhabdomyoblast-like cells and sarcolytes, type C virus budding from muscle fiber and myoblast plasma membrane, and intense degenerative and regenerative changes in the muscle fibers together with more profuse granulocyte infiltration. The regressive phase (13-21 days following M-MSV) presented reduced cellularity of the neoplastic tissue, a decrease in blast cells, diminishing granulocyte infiltration with contemporaneous appearance of prominent lymphocyte foci and gradual disappearance of virus particles. Although many cell types of mesenchymal origin proliferate following M-MSV infection, the above morphological findings indicate that striated muscle is a preferential site for virus replication and transformation. Furthermore, the peculiar virus cell relationships leading to cell lysis and continuous recruitment of newly infected cells have been widely documented. In the light of these findings it is suggested that, besides the host immune control of virus spread and tumor cell multiplication, the non clonal growth pattern of M-MSV induced tumors is a crucial factor in determining the spontaneous regression which occurs with high frequency in this experimental system. PMID- 1226575 TI - [Study of the retroperitoneal lymphatic spread of mullerian ovarian carcinoma, using lymphography]. AB - From January 1973 to May 1974, 117 patients with ovarian carcinomas were evaluated with lymphography. The tumors were staged and classified histopathologically according to FIGO (1971). Considering all cases, lymphography showed nodal metastases in 44 patients (38%). Lymphography was positive in 36% of serous cystoadenocarcinomas, in 26% of mucinous cystoadenocarcinomas, in 15% of endometrioid carcinomas and in 36% of unclassified carcinomas. Of the 10 cases not identified by cell type, lymphography was positive in 40% of cases. In 68% of cases bilateral involvement was found. The site of metastatic nodes was in 32% of cases only in the iliac chains were both involved. Considering the single node chains we found 36% of para-aortic, 27% of common iliac, 35% of external iliac and 2% of inguinal involvement. Metastases were observed, regardless of histological type, in 25% of cases in stage III, 62% iin stage IV, 54% in recurrences and only in 5% of cases in stage I. Therefore the lymphatic spread seems to occur in more advanced stages and in recurrences. In 28 of 117 patients node biopsy was performed. Histological-lymphographic correlation was correct in 7/7 positive cases and in 19/21 negative cases (93%). These results show that lymphography is a reliable tool in the evaluation of ovarian cancer. PMID- 1226576 TI - [Characteristics of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus with report of a case]. AB - The case of a 72 year old woman with primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus, subjected twice to surgical operation with a 17-month interval and still alive 35 months after the onset symptoms is reported. In order to outline the biologic behaviour of this rare neoplasm, 44 similar bibliographic cases are analysed and comparisons made between melanoma and carcinoma of the esophagus as well as between melanomas of the esophagus and of the skin. PMID- 1226577 TI - Serum copper levels in patients with solid tumors. AB - The serum copper levels were investigated in 125 patients with solid tumors: 34 patients with bronchial cancer, 35 with gastric cancer, 31 with breast cancer and 25 with melanoma. Analysis showed that serum copper was extremely high in 82% of the patients with bronchial carcinoma, while in the other examined groups no significant changes were observed. According to these results, serum copper could be a diagnostic factor in patients with bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 1226578 TI - [Experimental study of the relationships between activation of erythropoiesis and hematotoxicity of some antitumoral agents (author's transl)]. AB - The changes in the blood toxicity of some antitumoral chemotherapeutic agents in the presence of erythropoiesis activation by bleeding are evaluated. The general toxicity seems to be unaffected but the damage to erythropoiesis proved, in absolute terms, to be more severe in the bled animals. The recovery of hematopoiesis was slower after some drug than others. These results are discussed in the light of present knowledge of hematopoietic kinetics and of the relationships between antiblastic drugs and staminal hematopoietic compartments. PMID- 1226579 TI - [Nuclear morphology in false negative and negative rectal biopsies (author's transl)]. AB - An typical nuclear structure consisting of a cribriform and condensed chromatin pattern with hyperchromasia, a small nucleolus and a moderately increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio was observed in the epithelial cells of the crypts and in the stromal and muscular cells of 51 out of 70 oncologically negative biopsies of the rectal mucosa. The subsequent retrieval of all clinical and histologia data revealed that the 51 cases included 39 of adenocarcinoma of the large intestine either present (15 cases) at a variable distance from the false negative biopsy or removed previously (24 cases), 7 of extra-intestinal malignant tumor (parotid gland, urinary bladder, endometrium, breast, stomach, metastatic, anus) and 5 with benign conditions of the large intestine. Of the remaining 19 cases whose biopsies did not reveal the atypical nuclear structure 16 had benign lesions of the large intestine and nowhere evidence of malignancy, two had an adenocarcinoma of the large bowel (one present and one removed previously) and one a carcinoma of the anus. In the rectal biopsies examined the atypical nuclear structure was detected in 93.9% of the cases with a malignant tumor either present or removed previously and in 19% of the cases with benign conditions. The morphologic evidence indicated that the atypical nuclear structure was compatible with a possible distrubance of the mitotic cycle since the findings were restricted to the generative compartment of rectal epithelium. The results are discussed in connection with their possible practical use as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation and interpretation of false negative and negative rectal biopsies as well as with their possible significance in the biology of tumor-bearing hosts. PMID- 1226580 TI - [Neurinoma of the abdominal vagus and replapsing peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - A singular association of neurinoma of the abdominal vagus with relapsing peptic ulcer is reported. The singularity lies in the exceptional finding of a neurinoma of the left abdominal vagus -- not previously recorded in the literature -- and in the concomitant severe relapsing peptic ulcer, for which the nerve lesion may have been partly responsible. PMID- 1226582 TI - Hematology and blood chemistry in saturation diving: I. Antiplatelet drugs, aspirin, and VK744. AB - Blood chemistry and cellular parameters were studied before, during, and after saturation (2.4 ATA) dives in the HYDRO-LAB habitat on two separate occasions. In both, platelet count fell greater than 20% 12-24 hours after surfacing and moderate (5%) reductions in hemoglobin, red-cell count, and packed-cell volume were observed. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were depressed postdive as were most plasma enzymes (GOT, GPT, CPK, LDH, ALP). The latter changes were very slight. In the first study, the incidental ingestion of aspirin by some divers did not prevent the loss of platelets even though the platelet-release reaction in response to ADP was inhibited. In the second study the platelet suppressive drug VK744 was administered, on a double-blind randomized basis, to six divers, six others taking a placebo capsule. Dosage of VK744 was 300 mg TID for 2 days before, 5 days during, 3 days after saturation dive. The drug inhibited the postdive loss of circulatory platelets and in fact the treated group showed a rebound in platelet count above control values, 48-72 hours postdive. Megathrombocyte counts indicated the production of new platelets in both groups at this point. The treated group also showed a marked and significant reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, suggesting an antilipidemic effect of the drug. Theses results confirm previous observations and indicate that postdecompression loss of platelets may be related to sequestering of reactive platelets, possibly by microbubbles, and that the phenomenon can be inhibited by some antiplatelet drugs. PMID- 1226583 TI - Hematology and blood chemistry in saturation diving: II. Open-sea vs. hyperbaric chamber. AB - Hematograms, platelet function, and blood-enzyme chemistry were compared in two similar saturation-excursion dives, one conducted in a hyperbaric chamber and the other in the open sea. The chamber dive was more stressful in that it was preceded by a series of bounce decompression dives (one of which produced a 100% incidence of cutaneous pruritus in four subjects) and in that the excursions from saturation depth (60 fsw or 2.818 ATA) were longer and deeper (producing one case of O2 convulsions, one of confirmed decompression sickness, and several of Doppler-detected vascular bubbles). The chamber dive was associated with a marked and significant reduction in circulating platelet count; significant increases in plasma enzyme activities in the victim of O2 toxicity (LDH, CPK) and in one subject with Doppler bubbles and questionable bends symptoms (LDH, GOT, GPT) but not in another; and mild but significant anemia. In the open-water dive, one subject, who developed symptoms of gastroenteritis, showed moderate elevation of LDH, GOT, and GPT activity. No significant change in platelet counts occurred. Both dives were associated with elevated white-cell counts, apparently as a result of numerous minor infections, and reduced sensitivity of platelets of ADP induced aggregation. PMID- 1226581 TI - [Spectroscopic studies on the self-association mechanism of biomembrane lipid components and their interaction with water and alcohols in a non-polar medium]. AB - Main thermodynamic and spectral parameters are determined for dimers of cholesterol, water and complexes of lecithin with cholesterol, 7 dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and other donors of proton. On the basis of analysis of the obtained quantitative data, a conclusion is drawn on a comparative contribution of certain functional groups of lecithin to the entalpy and entropy values with inermolecular interaction with cholesterol, 7-DHC and other hydroxyl containing compounds. A decrease in mobility of water molecules evidences for a configuration stability of lecithin complexes with water... PMID- 1226584 TI - Changes in hemostatic parameters in fish following rapid decompression. AB - The effect of rapid decompression on the stress-accelerated blood coagulation system of male and fingerling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was examined after simulated 100- and 200-fsw dives. Blood samples taken either through a dorsal aorta cannula or from a severed caudal peduncle were analyzed for total plasma protein and fibrinogen concentrations, prothrombin times (PT), and partial thromboplastin times (PTT). The effect of mild decompression (100-fsw) on the hemostatic mechanism of both adult and fingerling coho salmon indicated an alternating fibrinogen concentration, declining from normal levels 1 min after decompression, followed by an increase 10 to 15 min later with an eventual loss of fibrinogen to one half the original level an hour after decompression. Partial thromboplastin times were found to increase 10 to 15 min after decompression occurred. Prothrombin times showed an increase 1 hour after decompression in adult salmon, whereas in fingerlings, prothrombin times increased almost immediately from normal levels. The effect of severe decompression (200-fsw) showed similar trends, but at an accelerated rate. It was concluded that both mild and severe decompression activates the hemostatic mechanism of fish which may eventually result in consumption coagulopathy at a greater rate than reported for experimental mammals. PMID- 1226585 TI - Measurement of helium elimination from man during decompression breathing air or oxygen. AB - Air breathing was compared with oxygen breathing during decompression from an 80 20% helium-oxygen dive to a depth equivalent to 120 fsw (4.6 ATA) in a dry chamber to see which was the most efficient gas for helium elimination. Helium elimination was measured in a closed circuit system for 90 min at the 40-fsw (2.2 ATA) stop. No significant difference was found in the efficiency of helium elimination breathing either air or oxygen in the five subjects tested. PMID- 1226586 TI - Nitrogen elimination in man during decompression. AB - The effect of ambient pressure on inert gas elimination during decompression was investigated using human subjects breathing air in a dry hyperbaric chamber. This was done by measuring nitrogen recovery during three different decompression schedules following identical simulated dives. Five subjects were used, each with normal pulmonary function. In each case the simulated dives consisted of exposure for 40 min to air at 4 ATA corresponding to a depth of about 100 fsw and 28 degrees C. Following these exposures each subject was decompressed in different experiments to 50 fsw (2.515 ATA) and to 10 fsw (1.303 ATA) while breathing a mixture of 80:20 helium-oxygen. In addition, two of these subjects were denitrogenated isobarically, at 100 fsw, breathing 80:20 helium-oxygen. Significant differences in nitrogen-elimination rate were observed, with nitrogen removed most effectively at 50 fsw and least at 100 fsw. To explained these unexpected results it is tentatively suggested asymptomatic bubble formation occurred at both 10 and 50 fsw. PMID- 1226587 TI - Calculation of the percentage of a narcotic gas to permit abolition of the high pressure nervous syndrome. AB - A theoretical method is derived for computation of the interactin of pressure and a weak anesthetic such as nitrogen or other narcotic gases in a two-dimensional material so as to prevent signs and symptoms of the high pressure nervous syndrome. A ratio of one part nitogen to 9 parts helium (pressure) is derived, which is in excellent agreement with previous human experiments in men at 31 ATA, with PO2 = 0.5 ATA. PMID- 1226588 TI - Calculation of the relative speed of sound in a gas mixture. AB - Since the frequency spectrum of a voice signal is directly dependent on the velocity of sound, studies of speech spectra include the problem of calculating the speed of sound in the gas mixture being used. A computer program written in BASIC has been developed to calculate the speed of sound relative to air in various diving gas mixtures. In addition, a set of tables available as a separate technical report has been generated using this program. These tables are designed to provide a standard reference for reporting spectral shifts in speech due to different gas mixtures under normal diving conditions. PMID- 1226589 TI - Disorientation with middle ear barotrauma of descent. AB - Disorientation and vertigo, which develops in divers during descent, is objectively demonstrated with dysbaric electronystagmographic tracings. Middle ear barotrauma of descent is verified as a valid etiology in the classification of vertigo associated with diving and may present as either a transitory or a more persistent disorder. PMID- 1226590 TI - Demyelinating activity of cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients tested in a new model system, the optic nerves of xenopus tadpoles. PMID- 1226591 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to isolated human oligodendroglia in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1226592 TI - A comparison of the effects of anticonvulsant drugs and cerebellar stimulation on the thalamocortical motor system. PMID- 1226593 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome and Hodgkin's disease: three cases with immunologic studies. PMID- 1226594 TI - Nervous system dying-back disease produced by 2,5-hexanedione. PMID- 1226595 TI - The pathogenesis and treatment of copper deficiency in steely-hair syndrome. PMID- 1226596 TI - Topographic blood flow in experimental nervous system tumors and surrounding tissues. PMID- 1226597 TI - Percussion contraction of muscles without action potentials (myoedema) - effects of nervous system lesions. PMID- 1226598 TI - Preliminary studies on pyruvate metabolism in Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 1226599 TI - The sixth year after L-dopa: quality of life and insights derived. PMID- 1226600 TI - Method for evaluating language competence in neurological patients. PMID- 1226601 TI - Pure motor hemiplegia. PMID- 1226602 TI - Aporphines in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1226603 TI - The relationship between spasmodic torticollis and essential tremor. PMID- 1226604 TI - Experimental studies of the temperature dependence of nerve conduction in experimental allergic neuritis. PMID- 1226605 TI - Photodynamic therapy of experimental gliomas. PMID- 1226606 TI - Adrenocortical hormones as agents in the production of hypertensive cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 1226607 TI - Sleep-related periodic myoclonus in patients complaining of insomnia. PMID- 1226609 TI - Invasive thymoma and myasthenia gravis: a twenty-year experience. PMID- 1226608 TI - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on the drug metabolism in man as measured by the elimination rate of antipyrine from saliva. PMID- 1226610 TI - The differential diagnosis of tremor in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1226611 TI - A reaction time study of hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1226612 TI - Improvement of aphasics' comprehension by use of novel stimuli. PMID- 1226613 TI - The role of spinal fluid bulk flow in limiting brain water content changes. PMID- 1226614 TI - A method for estimating average discharge frequency of the motoneuron in voluntary muscle contraction. PMID- 1226615 TI - Neurology and cerebral death - definitions and differential diagnosis. PMID- 1226616 TI - Multiple sclerosis: an epidemic disease in the Faeroes. PMID- 1226617 TI - Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide inhalation in acute ischemic cerebral infarction. PMID- 1226618 TI - Acute uremic encephalopathy in the rat: defective sink action of the cerebrospinal fluid for acid metabolites. PMID- 1226619 TI - Is the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy due to angiospasm or "Breakthrough"? PMID- 1226620 TI - Effects of combined administration of alpha and beta adrenergic blockade on cerebral circulation and metabolism in cerebral infarction. PMID- 1226621 TI - A comparison of carotid and venous injection of antitumor agent BCNU. PMID- 1226622 TI - Is neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis a single disease entity? PMID- 1226623 TI - Innervation of capillaries in the cat brain: an electron microscopic study. PMID- 1226624 TI - Prolonged response to edrophonium in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 1226625 TI - Treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: comparison of dantrolene sodium and diazepam. PMID- 1226626 TI - Ultrastructural studies on herpes simplex virus encephalitis in suckling mice. PMID- 1226627 TI - Persistence of intraventricular air after pneumoencephalography: its failure to distinguish between cerebral atrophy and normal pressure hydrocephalus. PMID- 1226628 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an epidemiological study in israel. PMID- 1226629 TI - Distribution of herpes simplex virus in guinea pig brain following corneal inoculation. PMID- 1226630 TI - Selenomethionine Se 75 thymus scans in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 1226631 TI - Automated tilt table for regulation of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. PMID- 1226632 TI - The outcome of medical coma: prediction by bedside assessment of physical signs. PMID- 1226633 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin-G(IgC) of extravascular origin in normals and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): clinical correlation. PMID- 1226634 TI - Steroid therapy in refractory pseudotumor cerebri of childhood. PMID- 1226635 TI - Far-field reflections of brain stem sensory evoked responses. PMID- 1226636 TI - Possible role of gangliosides in epilepsy: effects of epileptic seizures on cerebral gangliosides. PMID- 1226637 TI - Criteria of cerebral death. AB - This critical survey of the current means of determining cerebral death has indicated certain shortcomings in each of the sets of criteria currently in use. It is apparent that criteria applied at a point in time and based upon a single organ system-clinical history and findings, EEG examinations or cerebral blood flow determinations - will fall short of absolute accuracy. The clinical examinations alone have an accuracy approximating 90%, the EEG findings have greater accuracy but a much smaller scope. Cerebral blood flow studies, short of four-vessel angiography, achieve about the same accuracy, but their scope is not yet determined. The combination of all three may prove to be optimal. PMID- 1226638 TI - Computerized axial tomography of intracerebral hemorrhage: a clinical and neuropathologic study. PMID- 1226639 TI - Cherry red spots and progressive myoclonus without dermentia: a distinct syndrome with neuronal storage. PMID- 1226641 TI - An immunological induced defect of neuromuscular transmission in rats. PMID- 1226640 TI - An autosomal dominant form of necrotizing encephalomyelopathy resembling a spinocerebellar degeneration. PMID- 1226642 TI - Long-term administration of corticosteroids followed by thymectomy. PMID- 1226643 TI - In vivo correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization in man. PMID- 1226644 TI - Hemispheric regional cerebral blood flow patterns during brain work in cases of left hemiparesis. PMID- 1226645 TI - The pathogenesis of the encephalopathy of purulent meningitis: effects of leukocytes on brain metabolism. PMID- 1226647 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm--etiology and definitive treatment. PMID- 1226646 TI - Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve. PMID- 1226648 TI - Effects of transmitter agonists and antagonists of brain DNA synthesis. PMID- 1226650 TI - [Method of determination of physiological tension in the muscle after its displacement]. PMID- 1226649 TI - [Results of reconstructive jejunogastroplasty in dumping syndrome]. AB - 135 reduodenizations were performed for grave forms of the dumping-syndrome. Clinico-roentgenological investigations of patients in later terms after reduodenization have evidenced the development of great morphological and functional compensatory changes of the gastric stump, jejunal graft, duodenum and other portions of the small intestine. The results of reconstructive surgery in different terms of observations are presented. PMID- 1226651 TI - [Long-term peridural anesthesia in fractures of pelvic bones]. AB - A continuous peridural anesthesia was used in 20 patients with pelvic bones injuries. Puncture of the peridural space was performed in an appropriate patient's posture. During 3--15 days 5--12 ml of 2% trimecain solution were infused via a catheter. For patients being in a shock condition the anesthetic dose was 3-4 ml less. 4-5 minutes following injection of the anesthetic in the peridural space pain at the site of fracture disappeared, there was noted a stabilization of hemodynamic indices, and the ventilatory and cardiac functions were improved. Anesthesia contributes to an early restoration of intestinal peristalsis, diuresis, active management of patients in bed. Strict rules of its conduction being followed, continuous peridural anesthesia is an effective method of analgesia in pelvic bones injuries, associated with a traumatic shock, that enabled to use it in traumatological practice. PMID- 1226652 TI - [Complications of peridural anesthesia]. AB - Peridural anesthesia is believed to be a complicated kind of analgesia yielding grave complications (syncope, apnoe, collapse, persistant and pronounced hypotension, nematomyelia, paraplegia of the lower extremities, Brown--Seguard syndrome and many others). This king od anesthesia is permissible only in an anesthesiological or reanimatological department. The frequency of complications depends on a level of injecting the anesthetic, patient's status and age. The former is the greater the higher the level of the peridural space puncture. To combat against complications occurring while using this kind of analgesia everything necessary for reanimation provision (intubation of the trachea, closed and open heart massage, etc.) should be ready at hand. PMID- 1226653 TI - [Complications during puncture of the subclavian vein]. AB - Based on the data of pertinent literature and personal author's material the technic and complications in cannulation of the subclavian vein are analysed. There were 39 complications among 1309 punctures (pleural puncture--in 11, puncture of the subclavian artery-in 20, and thrombophlebitis-in 8). All these complications were not serious and easily liquidated. PMID- 1226654 TI - [Characteristics of anaphylactic reactions to antibiotics administered under anesthesia]. AB - Wide application of active chemical and biological substances in medical practice is inevitably associated with the appearance of adverse side reactions sometimes hazardous for patients' life. Especially grave allergic reactions are observed to antibiotics administered under narcosis. Narcosis would inhibit an anaphylactic response, but with its cessation when the allergen concentration in blood is high enough an extremely rapid anaphylactic reaction would develop that promptly resulted in a terminal patients' condition. Three case reports are described. Reanimation measures proved to be a success only in 2 cases. PMID- 1226655 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in peptic ulcer after stomach resection]. PMID- 1226656 TI - [Pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 1226657 TI - [Outcomes of strangulated hernia]. AB - The article is concerned with the results of treatment in 9795 patients with strangulated hernia in the Leningrad City within a 14-year-period. The causes of 527 cases of mortality are studied in detail, and recommendations on improvement of the results of treatment in this category of patients are given. PMID- 1226658 TI - [Pseudomyxoma of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 1226659 TI - [Goiter with multiple recurrences]. AB - An analysis of treatment of 38 patients with multiple recurrences has demonstrated that these are caused by various factors, a combination of several causes and predisposing factors being noted in the majority of patients. Most frequently, multiple recurrences develop in persons operated upon in young age. The clinic of multiply recurrent goiter is characterized by a great variety, and its diagnosis should be established basing on the complex investigation, using all up-to-date methods of study. A predominance of nodular forms of goiter in patients with multiple reocurrences and their frequent malignant transformation necessitate active surgical tactics. PMID- 1226660 TI - [Drainage for treatment of suppurative-inflammatory processes]. PMID- 1226661 TI - [Catheterization of the subclavian vein with polyvinyl chloride catheters]. PMID- 1226663 TI - [Results of vagotomy in duodenal ulcer not responsive to conservative treatment]. AB - In the article, an analysis of the results of vagotomy with pyloroplasty in 114 patients showing duodenal ulcer is presented. It is concluded that patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer and minimum changes in the duodenum should not be subjected to vagotomy, though, as a rule, they have a lot of complaints. In patients with marked ulcerous changes in the duodenum vagotomy yields quite satisfactory late results. PMID- 1226662 TI - [Therapeutic value of ascorbic acid in the pre- and postoperative periods in complicated ulcer disease]. PMID- 1226664 TI - [Lipid ang glucose absorption after vagotomy with conservative resection of the stomach]. AB - Vagotomy in association with economic gastric resection under conditions of maintained food passage along with duodenum results in no impairment of fat and glucose absorption. The absorption of fat and glucose after selective and trunk vagotomy shows the same character. PMID- 1226665 TI - [G.S. Toprover's gastrostomy]. AB - Based on the analysis of 76 case reports of esophageal cancer (55 patients), cancer of the cardiac portion of the stomach (15 patients) and other organs, in which the G.S. Toprover gastrostomy was performed, the main drawbacks of the operation were revealed, and the causes of lethal issues following the operation after this technic are analysed. It is emphasized that putting in circular sutures on the gastrostome conus results in their cutting through with subsequent impairment of the fistula hermeticity, and some modified more improved methods of gastrostomy are recommended. PMID- 1226666 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis of localized inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity]. AB - The method of radioindication of localized inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity was studies experimentally and clinically. Experimental studies were conducted on 48 animals with induced abscesses of different localization. The animals were injected RISA-J131 intravenously. A focus of inflammation has shown increased gamma-radiation that reached its maximum 24 hours following injection of the substance. A selective selective RISA-J131 accumulation in localized inflammatory foci was rather clearly seen on the obtained scannograms by means of an apparatus "Scinticard Numeric". Using this method 11 patients aged from 14 to 57 years were investigated: 4 males and 7 females. In neoplastic character of the disease scannograms have shown an even distribution of the isotope over the abdominal cavity. A selective accumulation of the substance in the region of an inflammatory focus was observed in inflammatory infiltrations. Radio-indication may be used as a valuable adjunct to topic and differential diagnosis of abscesses and inflammatory infiltrations of the abdominal cavity. PMID- 1226667 TI - [Resection of extrahepatic bile ducts in cancer]. AB - Resection of the bile ducts for cancer was performed in 9 patients. Indications for such operations are well demarcated tumors located in the zone of triple junction of the ducts. Radicality of surgery and improvement of its results are largely contributed by an extensive resection of the duct with removal of the cellular tissue, lymph nodes of the hepatoduodenal ligament with obligatory cholecystectomy. A reconstructive stage should be terminated by constructing hepatico-gastroanastomosis with a controlled transnasal drainage. PMID- 1226668 TI - [Roentgeno-surgical comparisons in choledocholithiasis]. AB - The results of roentgenological investigation of bile ducts are analysed in comparison with the revision findings during cholecystectomy and choledochotomy. Among 61 patients concretions were diagnosed in 37, and in 13 pa tients lethiasis of the ducts was suspected. In 6 observations no concretions were revealed, in 5 patients inadequate contrasting did not allow to judge the state of ducts. Emphasis is laid on the importance of infusion-drip administration of a contrast solution and simultaneous tomography of the ducts for the improved diagnosis of lithiasis. PMID- 1226669 TI - [Duodenal tonus in certain diseases of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1226670 TI - [Surgical tactics in bilateral diseases of the kidneys and ureters]. AB - A bilateral affection of kidneys and ureters necessitating surgical therapy occurs and not rarely. The routinely used surgical tactics in such cases is an intervention on both aspects by turn with an interval of 2--4 months. Based on clinical data obtained, it is concluded that such policy is not well grounded and needs a revision in favour of a one-moment intervention performed bilaterally irrespective of a character of the disease. Observations relative to patients with different bilateral affections of kidneys and ureters, who underwent a one moment bilateral intervention with favourable issues, are analysed. PMID- 1226671 TI - [Surgical treatment and prevention of myocardial infarct]. AB - In modern surgery of coronary arteries both surgical therapy of early stages of acute infarction and its surgical prophylaxis in preinfarction conditions seem to be quite feasible. 100 consecutive operations for ischemic heart disease are analysed. The principal type of surgery is a mammary coronary anastomosis. Among the mentioned patients one had a progressive acute myocardial infarction, resulting in death, and 14 patients were in primary preinfarction conditions. A surgical classification of acute disturbances in coronary circulation is described. Marked segmental stenoses of large coronary vessels underlie preinfarction status. Mosaic electrocardiotopography is of great value in recognition of preinfarction conditions. An early recognition and urgent surgical intervention are absolutely necessary in preinfarction state patients. PMID- 1226672 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute paraproctitis]. AB - Based on the experience with surgical therapy of 1178 patients with acute paraproctitis, a detailed statistic and morphological analysis of the disease is given. The authors have proved the possibility of a one-moment radical operation practically for all forms of acute paraproctitis. The suggested methods are grounded on incision of a pararectal abscess in the intestinal lumen onto the involved Morgan cript. If partial or even complete incision of the anal compressor proves to be necessary during the operation, the authors would apply its suturing or non-tamponade method of the postoperative management. PMID- 1226673 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital spindle-shaped aneurysms of the internal jugular vein]. AB - In 6 of 12 investigated patients resection of a congenital aneurysms of the internal jugular vein was accomplished. In 2 of them venous patency was restored by means of a longitudinal-lateral suture after resection of a sac-shaped aneurysm, while in 4--following circular resection of a spindle-shaped aneurysm the vein was reconstructed by an end- to-end anastomosis. Phlebographic studies in 2 patients 10 and 12 months after reconstruction of the internal jugular vein have demonstrated great perspectives of employing such operation in clinical practice. PMID- 1226674 TI - [Role of arterial wall in the process of local thrombus formation after endarterectomy]. AB - The authors have studies the capacity of the endarterectomized arterial wall to release tissue factors of hemocoagulation in blood circulation. According to the investigations performed in 11 patients the endarterectomized artery releases into the circulation at least 3 substances showing a procoagulative action: thromboplastic factor, antiheparin substance and fibrinolysis inhibitors. The dynamics of these substances release into the circulation was studied by the authors experimentally on 74 dogs. The greatest disorders in the hemocoagulation potential at the site of endarterectomy were observed on the day of operation. The operated arterial wall would release the thromboplastic factor during 9 days, antiheparin substance during 5 days and fibrinolysis inhibitors up to 4 days following the operation. Arterial fragmentation is accompanied with reduction of the profibrinolysin content of tissue activator in the operated heart region. There was found a relationship between the process of regeneration of the endarterectomized arterial wall and dynamics of the release of tissue factors of hemocoagulation from it. PMID- 1226675 TI - [Treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the ong tubular bones with antistaphylococcal plasma]. AB - The results and methods of treatment in 26 patients showing posttraumatic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones with antistaphylococcal plasma are described. This is a preliminary report, but it is believed that intramedullary, intravenous and local administration of antistaphylococcal plasma neutrolizes staphylococci in the wound and blood, produces a greater reactivity of the body and proves to be a rather effective measure in combating against staphylococcal infection in osteomyelitis. PMID- 1226677 TI - [Role of microtrauma in pathogenesis of Tietze's syndrome]. PMID- 1226676 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthrosis of the lower third of the femur]. AB - The results of surgical for pseudarthrosis of the lower third of the femur in 11 patients, using a modified King technic, are reported. To improve fixation of a distal fragment the authors suggest to employ two CITO pins with diverging ends at the level of femoral condyles with an additional compression by two rings of the Ilizarov apparatus. Plaster cast immobilization was not utilized. This method of fragments fixation provides an early motion of the knee joint. Roentgenologically and clinically the consolidation of fragments was noted after 4--5 months, the knee joint function being restored. PMID- 1226678 TI - [Plastic surgery of splenic wounds with heterogenic preserved peritoneum]. AB - Heteroperitoneum was employed with hemostatic purposes for splenic injuries, Experiments were conducted on 80 dogs. The results of studies have evidenced the development of aseptic inflammation at the site of a contact between the spleen and a graft. The proper splenic capsule and omentum are the source of development of new connective tissues. Gradually, heteroperitoneum is subject to fibrillolysis, fragmentation and fusion. Six-seven months following the operation heteroperitoneum is completely substituted by newly-formed connective tissues. A newly-formed capsule is considerably thicker than the proper splenic capsule, and its structure differs but little from the latter. One case of clinical application of the heterogenous preserved peritoneum with hemostatic purposes in splenic trauma is described. PMID- 1226679 TI - [Surgical treatment of diaphyseal fractures of digital phalanges]. AB - At present, widely used intraosseous and paraosseous methods of osteosynthesis of digital phalanges are traumatic for soft tissues and hand joints, and provide inadequate security of fragments. A closed transosseous osteosynthesis with fine metallic needles is free from these shortcomings. Its main advantage lies in the fact that it requires no immobilization in a plaster dressing. This enables to start therapeutic exercises early enough and to gain better functional results after digital fractures. 178 patients were operated upon. The results obtained were studied in 68 patients: good-in 43, satisfactory-in 21, poor-in 4. PMID- 1226680 TI - [Bronchographic diagnosis of disorders of pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 1226682 TI - [Bronchographic symptom for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1226681 TI - [Study of certain indicators of bronchial function by the method of stereoroentgenogrammetry]. PMID- 1226683 TI - [Changes in the peripheral bronchi in cavernous forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1226684 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1226685 TI - [Role of electroroentgenography (conventional and one with direct image enlargement) in the diagnosis of peripheral cancer and metastases into the lungs]. PMID- 1226686 TI - [Transthoracic needle biopsy in the diagnosis of localized pulmonary lesions]. PMID- 1226687 TI - [Bronchography as a method of evaluation of the results of radiation therapy of bronchial cancer]. PMID- 1226688 TI - [Emergency angiography]. PMID- 1226689 TI - [Angiography in neurosurgical practice]. PMID- 1226690 TI - [Angiographic characteristics of arteriovenous cerebral aneurysms]. PMID- 1226691 TI - [Use of electroroentgenography for examination of the brain (pneumoencephalo electro-roentgenography)]. PMID- 1226692 TI - [Comparative evaluation of zonography and tomography in the study of nonspecific processes in the lungs]. PMID- 1226693 TI - [Chronic abscess of the upper segment of the posterior mediastinum simulating a neoplasm]. PMID- 1226694 TI - [Case of unusual course of metastases in the lungs]. PMID- 1226695 TI - [Paragonimiasis of the lungs, diagnosed with the aid of transthoracic puncture]. PMID- 1226696 TI - [Experience in the sanation of a pedigreed poultry farm pullorum disease]. AB - A trial was carried out for the sanitation of three elite flocks of a total of 3578 chickens on a pedigree poultry farm applying the method of eliminating the infected birds. These were detected with the use of the whole-serum agglutination reaction (after Huddleson) and the tube agglutination reaction (after Wright). No means whatever were used to control the disease. Routine microbiologic methods were employed, however, to examine the eggs, embryos, and chicks obtained from these flocks. Thorough disinfection on the premises including all equipment as well as deratization were conducted after each investigation and elimination of infected birds. PMID- 1226697 TI - [Comparative study of microbial and mold pollution of the air in locations for poultry-keeping in various technologies]. AB - Experiments were carried out to establish the microbial and mold contamination of the air on premises where birds were raised following varying patterns of tending and feeding. It was found that on premises for layers, raised in cages, the microbial contamination of the air was 2-3 times lower. The results obtained showed that the main source of air contamination in places where birds are kept is the litter (the other alternative being the floor type of raising). Differences were established in the egg laying, on the one hand, and the forage intake per 'market' egg, on the other, comparing the two types of raising. As all other factors of microclimate were within the normal range of zoohygiene standards, the basic factor which was incriminated to affect both productivity and forage intake per egg was the amount of the microbial flora of the air. Studies have shown that the number of birds per unit of area is an important factor determining the microbial contamination of the air and the health condition of birds. PMID- 1226698 TI - [Study of anemia in spirochetosis of poultry by means of radioactive iron]. AB - Radioactive iron was used to follow up some hematologic indices in birds infected with irradiated spirochetes of the Borrelia anderina species. Used were a total of 90 cockerels, aged two months, divided into three groups. Ist group - cockerels inoculated with spirochetes that had been gamma-irradiated at the rate of 40000 R; IInd group-cockerels inoculated with untreated spirochetes; and IIIrd group - normal cockerels. The infective material consisted of strain Rouen spirochetes of the Pamoukchii serotype. Radiometric studies were also carried out to find out to what extent radioactive iron was incorporated in the erythrocytes and was deposited in the liver, spleen, and marrow of the investigated birds. Classical methods of investigation were employed to determine the erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte counts, the hemoglobin content (after Sahli) as well as the erythrocyte pack after the method of Todorov. It was found that the inoculation of gamma-treated spirochetes led to sub-clinical changes in the hemopoiesis of the cockerels. Such changes, however, were negligible and were rapidly overcome by the birds. So they could successively be referred to in the specific immunoprophylaxis of spirochetosis. 59FeCl3 can be successfully applied in the study of anemia in birds caused by sbirochetosis. PMID- 1226699 TI - [Comparative study of the antigenic composition of strains of Borrelia anserina. 2. Antigenic structure and immunobiologic relationships of a newly isolated strain]. AB - Agar immunoelectrophoresis and an immunofluorescence method were used to analyse antigenically a newly isolated spirochete strain of the Borrelia anserina species. It was established that by its antigen structure it could not be classified under the already described two serologic types, Surnevo I and Pamoukchii. The strain possesses five antigens common to serotype Surnevo I and four antigens common to serotype Pamoukchii. Besides, it has also one typespecific antigen. This strain was said to belong to a new, third serotype named venets. PMID- 1226700 TI - [Localization of Listeria in white mice]. AB - A total of 115 albino mice were infected through venous, subcutaneous, and oral administration of a suspension of 32P-labeled Listeria organisms at the concentration of 1.5 billion microbial cells per cu. cm. Each day following inoculation as many as four animals on an average were investigated (up to 120th hour) for all of the routes of infection used. It was established that via venous application the Listeria organisms reached all viscera and the brain in highest numbers. The greatest localization of Listeria introduced venously and orally was found in the first 24 hours in the liver. The localization of the organisms in animals infected per os proved similar to that found with the venous route of inoculation, however, showing weaker intensity. Listeria were found in the brain regardless of the route of infection. PMID- 1226701 TI - [Serologic typing of strains of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from sheep]. AB - Typed were a total of 85 strains of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from lambs, weaned lambs, and adult sheep in cases of septicemia and broncho-pneumonia applying the hemagglutination-inhibition reaction and making use of capsule antigens and anti-capsule hyperimmune sera. It was found that 74 strains belong to biotype A, five belong to biotype T, and six remained untyped. Most wide spread in this country proved serotype A2--35 strains, followed by serotype A6- 14 strains. PMID- 1226702 TI - [Comparative study of the intensity of production of LPV oncornavirus by T-9 cell line and an infected culture of human diploid cells]. AB - A culture of transformed cells, T-9 line, producing LPV oncornavirus and a culture of human diploid cells (HDC) infected with a cell-free ultrafiltrate of these transformed cells were examined in the electron microscope. The study was aimed at determination of the optimal time and intensity of LPV oncornavirus production by one cell of transformed and infected cultures. LPV oncornavirus production in T-9 cell culture was found to have a pattern of slowly developing, non-intensive two-wave process, whereas in infected HDC culture the process was progressing actively resulting in an increase of the amount of intracytoplasmic type A particles and extracellular type B and C virions by 10- and 15-fold, respectively, within 48- 96 hours for T-9 culture and 96 hours for infected HDC. Cell transformation was found to be apparently preceeded by the infectious process the intensity of which decreased as fibroblast cell culture was transformed into a culture of epithelioid cells. PMID- 1226704 TI - [Further study of J-96 transplantable cell oncornavirus]. AB - The symplast-forming capacity of oncornavirus of continuous J-96 cells was studied by KS-test. Syncytia were formed upon combined cultivation of KS cells with J-96 cells and cells of human embryo skin-muscle tissue infected with J-96 virus as well as upon direct inoculation of KS cells with oncornavirus J-96. Formation of syncytia of KS cells correlated with the amount of J-96 cell oncornavirus. The possibility of using KS-test for titration of J-96 virus and antibody to it has been demonstrated. PMID- 1226703 TI - [Immunological characteristics of LPV oncornavirus produced by T-9 human cell line]. AB - The results of immunological study of oncornavirus (LPV strain) produced by a continuous human T-9 cell line are presented. The method of immunodiffusion in agar revealed the following constituent antigens in the virus: (a) those identical to internal and external antigens of Mason-Pfizer oncornaviruses particles; (b) those specific only for LPV virus and not common in other known oncornaviruses of mammals. These antigens were common in LPV virus from T-9 culture and from xenogeneic T-BHK culture in which Mason-Pfizer virus antigens were absent completely; and (c) interspecific antigen of oncornavirus C type present in minimal amounts. Localization of the above antigens in virus particles of LPV oncornavirus was confirmed by the electron immunoenzyme method. Upon separation of virus polypeptides in polyacrylamide gel it was found that the antigens cross-reacting with Mason-Pfizer virus as well as LPV specific antigens were localized both in the main inner virus protein and in the surface glycoprotein. PMID- 1226705 TI - [Electrophoretic motility of RNA of recombinant influenza virus strains X-7 and X 9]. AB - The electrophoretic motilitiy of RNA of recombinant influenza virus strains X-7 and X-9 differing in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase was studied. The genome of these viruses was found to be fragmentary and to consist of 7 RNA molecules. Significant differences in the electrophoretic motility of the middle-molecular RNA compounds of influenza X-7 and X-9 virus were demonstrated, particularly of the V fragment the molecular weight of which was lower in influenza X-9 virus. PMID- 1226706 TI - [Chronic infection of cells with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Further characteristics of the system]. AB - From HEp-2 cells chronically infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus clones were obtained which produced no virus antigens and contained no sequences homologous to virus RNA. Expression of oncornavirus in the system under study was demonstrated. The possibility of transduction of cell genes by a defective virus strain was established. Preliminary experiments showed the possibility of integration of virus genome in tick egg DNA in transovarial transmission. PMID- 1226707 TI - [Study of measles virus (strain L-16) in J-96 cell culture by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence]. AB - The vaccine L-16 strain of measles virus was studied in a continuous line of J-96 cells (clone L-41) by the electron microscope and fluorescent antibody techniques. Cytological studies revealed a direct correlation between the intensity of symplast formation and the infective virus dose. The fluorescent antibody technique established cytoplasmic localization of the specific virus antigen. The results of electron microscope examinations of ultrathin sections of J-97 culture revealed in the cell cytoplasm and intercellular space some structures morphologically similar to virus-like particles previously described. PMID- 1226708 TI - [Properties of new antigens and viral antigens of transplantable cultures of human malignant cells]. AB - Physico-chemical and immunological differences between a new virus-associated antigen of human cell cultures and the antigen of oncornavirus D persisting in them were established and shown to facilitate their detection and differentiation. The activity of the new antigen is lost or decreases considerably after treatment with ether or chloroform but is retained after heating at 60 degrees C. The viral antigen is relatively stable to ether and chloroform but is inactivated at a temperature of 60 degrees C. The peculiar physicochemical properties of the new and virus antigens may be used for search of approaches for preparation of monospecific virus antisera containing no antibody for the new antigen of cells in human tissue cultures. PMID- 1226709 TI - [Study of arenaviruses in the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. AB - The indirect hemagglutination test with erythrocytes sensitized with antibody to LCM and Tacaribe viruses, most typical members of of arenaviruses, has been developed. This test is a sensitive method for detection of arenaviruses in infected materials in vitro. The indirect hemagglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination-inhibition test revealed cross-interaction between LCM and Tacaribe viruses which opens new approaches for group and species identification of arenaviruses. PMID- 1226710 TI - [Infectivity of fowl plague virus RNA in the process of infection]. AB - The conditions for isolation and detection of the infectious properties of nucleic acid preparations extracted from cells infected with fowl plague virus were studied. It is suggested that double-stranded virus-specific RNAs possess the infectious properties. PMID- 1226712 TI - [Preservation of tissue culture cells by deep freezing]. AB - The effect of polyethylene oxide, mol. wght 400 and 4000, the rate of freezing in liquid nitrogen, and thawing in a water bath at 37 degrees C on the survival rate, the growth activity, miotic activity and the activity of some oxidation reduction enzymes of the most important links of the chain of biological oxidation, SDG, NAD-H2, NADP-H2- diaphorases, electrophoretic motility of continuous human and animal tissue culture cells, RH HEp-2, SPEV were studied. The developed regimen of freezing at a rate of 30 degrees per minute retains 95% viable cells. The miotic activity, enzymatic activity and electrophoretic motility of frozen-thawed cells did not differ from those of the controls. PMID- 1226713 TI - [Bonafton in experimental influenza]. PMID- 1226714 TI - [Production of a noninfectious ornithosis hemagglutinin preparation]. AB - One of the main obstacles to introduction of the HI test in to extensive use is the high infectivity of the causative agent suspensions used as the source of hemagglutinin (HA). The sterilizing effect of UV-rays, high temperature (56 -60 degrees C) and beta-propiolactone was studied in attempts at preparation of noninfectious ornithosis HA. Only BPL was found to be effective. By this method of treatment of the allantoic fluid a noninfectious preparation of ornithosis HA was obtained which was highly active and stable upon storage. It may be used for diagnostic studies in clinical laboratories. PMID- 1226711 TI - [Unfragmented nucleocapsid of influenza virus in infected cells]. AB - In the cytoplasms of chick embryo fibroblast and Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells infected with influenza virus (fowl plague virus), in addition to fragmented virus nucleocapsid larger nucleocapsid structures were found which sedimented in the region of 90 -120S. The structures were detected upon short 3H-uridine label of the cells. Their buoyant density in cesium chloride was higher than that of the fragmented nucleocapsid (1.34 -1.39 g/cm3). In electron microscope, the structures were visualized as thin nonhelical filaments 3.5 nm in diameter, their morphology being no different from that of a similar rapidly sedimenting structure isolated from the nucleoplasms of the same cells. To determine the possibility of transfer of the rapidly sedimenting structure from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, a cell-free system was used containing nuclei from influenza virus-infected cells labeled with 3H-uridine for 5 min, as well as the cytoplasm from uninfected and unlabeled cells. The presence of a labeled rapidly sedimenting structure in the cytoplasm of the cell-free system suggests that the structure is synthesized in the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm. The relation of this structure to the fragmented nucleocapsid is unknown. It may be assumed to be its intracellular precursor. PMID- 1226716 TI - [Dynamic radioisotope studies of the regional functions of the lung (a preliminary report)]. AB - A critical analysis on the non-isotope method potentiallities is presented in the paper as well as the radioisotope xenon mode for examinations of gas ventilation and diffusion. The advantages of 133xenon are listed, the main being as follows: regional investigation parallelly in four zones, completely safe for the patient without loading procedures, precision and availability for mass investigations. The authors recommend its wider application in practive, based on a great many radioisotope investigations of healthy and sick individuals. PMID- 1226715 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of the adrenaline test in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - By the application of adrenaline test in malignant gastric diseases was concluded that after adrenaline subcutaneous injection-arterial pressure is decreased instead of increased as the normal functional effect of adrenaline is. The diagnostic value of adrenaline test in malignant gastric diseases is stressed, based upon 120 observations of the authors. The test is positive in 80 per cent and is proposed to be put into practice in the complex with all the rest examinations of the patients with malignant gastric diseases. The test is easy to perform and does not require special training. PMID- 1226717 TI - [Experience with the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins on Celogel]. AB - Hydroxycellulose gel foils (cellogel) were used for the serum lipoproteid separation in conditions of routine practice, Ninety four serum tests of patients with hypertension were investigated as well as with coronary disease, essential hyperlipoproteidemia, diabetes and infarction-acute stage. Total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum were determined to the same patients. The ratio between the numerical values of the latter is confronted to the ratio between the percentage part of beta-lipoproteids and the sum of the same parts of chylomicrons and pre-beta-lipoproteids. The results are presented graphically. The phenotypes were attempted to be determined to a separate group of patients with manifested hyperlipoproteidemia. PMID- 1226718 TI - [Our experience with the 131-I treatment of thyrotoxicosis]. AB - The authors analyze 100 patients, with thyrotoxicosis, 84 females and 16 males, treated with 131J. The enlargement of the thyroid gland was II degree in 57 per cent and III degree in 34 per cent, and I and II - for the rest of the cases. In 77 per cent the body weight of the patients was below the norm. Exophthalmos was observed in 48 per cent. As a result of treatment an involution of a series of pathological symptoms developed- tachycardia, ECG changes, exophthalmos, degree enlargement of the thyroid gland, blood indicies, weight, capacity for work. Euthyroidism was established in 86 per cent, partial remission in 12 per cent and hypothroidism - in 2 per cent, when followed up during an interval of 2-13 years. No genetic or blastomogenic changes were observed. Observations is recommended in the later periods after the treatment. PMID- 1226719 TI - [Changes in the hemodynamics in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The basic hemodynamic indices were determined in 50 diabetics by the method of dye-dilution. Changes in heart-capacity were established as well as an increase in plasma and blood volume decrease in blood flow speed and a tendency towards decrease of functional fitness of the cardiovascular system. The mentioned changes are associated with diabetes mellitus duration, with the presence of diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic nephroapathy, coronary disease, etc. The existing arterial hypertension effects hemodynamics especially unfavourably. In patients with diabetes and acidoketosis hyperkinetic type of circulation is found with decrease of the cardiovascular system functional fitness. PMID- 1226720 TI - [Acute circulatory insufficiency in the early phase of myocardial infarct: its frequency, clinical forms and the outcomes with 1400 patients]. AB - The authors found acute circulatory insufficiency (cardiac asthma, pulmonary edema or cardiogenic shock in 26.2 per cent of the patients among the followed up 1400 patients with myocardial infarction. Insufficiency is more frequently met among women (36 per cent) while among men it is 22 per cent and grows with age advancing of the patients. A substantial number of the patients with acute circulatory insufficiency were admitted to the hospital in grave states, and failed to be affected by the complex therapeutic approach, and 62 per cent of them died. Total mortality rate in all 1400 patients is 28 per cent and in the patients without circulatory insufficiency- 13 per cent. In spite of the fact that of serious morphological picture was established in the deceased with acute circulatory insufficiency- the authors find it necessary to apply the following in the patients with acute myocardial infarction: simultaneity in the performance of diagnostic and therapeutic measures; attempt to detect the "signal signs" of the acute circulatory insufficiency as early as possible, and effective treatment with inclusion of new methods, offered by the modern science. PMID- 1226721 TI - [131-I-hippuran clearance and isotopic nephrography in patients with endemic nephropath]. AB - The authors carried out investigations on renal function with isotope nephrogram and 131J-hippuran clearance in 30 patients with endemic nephropathy - three with and 27 without nitrogen retention. In all patients, especially in advanced stages, a considerable decrease of the effective renal plasma flow was established. The radioisotope nephropathy also provides evidence for diffuse bilateral and symetric alterations in the complete renal function. The statement was confirmed that in the course of endemic nephropathy, all renal structures are gradually involved, but the functions of tubules and interstitial tissues are especially severly disturbed. PMID- 1226722 TI - [Proteinuria selectivity in patients with glomerular nephropathy determined by a biochemical route]. AB - The authors applied a new method for biochemical determination of proteinuria selectivity by means of ceruloplasmin clearance, used as a protein with high molecular weight as well as those of haptoglobulin and albumin -used as proteins with low molecular weight. The investigation was carried out among 94 patiens with different glomerulopathies. The equivalence of both the biochemical methods was confirmed statistically. In 58 of the examined patients, proteinuria selectivity is determined simultaneously and by the JgG clearance and trasferrin accoringing to the method of Cameron et al. (with immunodiffused plaques) and immunoelectrophoresis and by the clearance of alpha2-macroglobulin and transferrin. Nd. statistically significant and authenical differences were established between the proteinuria selectivity determined by the relationship between the clearances of ceruloplasmin and albumin, of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobulin (biochemically determined) and of Jg G and transferrin (determined with the aid of immunodiffused plaques and immunoelectropphoresis). All that gives ground the authors to consider the results from the biochemical and immunochemical methods rather similar. That fact, the low prime cost and the possibility the biochemical methods to be put into practice in well equipped clinical laboratories emphasize their importance for the everyday nephrologist practice as well. PMID- 1226723 TI - [Normal values of cardiac indices established by separate measurement of the heart after the method of Muller]. AB - Hearts of 286 deceased (143 males and 143 females) aged 16 to 80 were examined in order to establish the normal values of heart indices. The lethal cases were caused by diseases, not affecting heart weight or by forced death without somatic diseases. The results are presented in tables according to age and sex and are statistically processed. The highest values for the net heart weight, the weight of left and right ventricle and the thickness of their walls were established in the age group 31-40, for both sexes, and the lowest- in the age group of 71-80. The ventricle index, the percentage of the left and the percentage of the right heart ventricle, both in the separate age groups for both sexes, and in the summarized material for both sexes between 16 to 80 years show a marked constancy. PMID- 1226724 TI - [Dynamic tracing of effective renal plasma flow with 131-I-hippuran]. AB - Results are reported from the carried out dynamic follow-up of the effective renal plasma flow (ERP), determined by 131I-hippuran in 55 patients according to the method of single injection. An improvement of the ERP values was established in 56,4 per cent, while the simulataneously performed isotope nephrography (ING) gave considerably lower percentage. That fact emphasizes the advantage of 131I hippuran clearance, not only for the diagnosis of disturbed renal function but in the dynamic follow-up of the developed improvement as well. In patients with deteriorated ERP values, the carried out ING showed deterioration in only 42.9 per cent. The carried out parallel investigations for establishing the dynamic changes in the renal function reveal the higher sensitivity of 131I-hippuran clearance as compared with ING. PMID- 1226725 TI - [Effect of alcohol on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity]. PMID- 1226726 TI - [Possibilities of a corrected orthogonal vectorcardiogram (Frank) in the hemodynamically overloaded ventricular musculature]. AB - The possibilities of the orthogonal corrected Frank system to establish the degree of the hemodynamic disturbance are analyzed in 220 cardiac patients. The sensitivity of the vcg-indices in patients with right-ventricle loading reaches up to 72 per cent and in patients with-left-ventricle-up to 100 per cent. The highest correlation coefficient in patients with right ventricle loading is 0.73 and in patients with left-tventricle-0.65 (p less than 0.01). the inferior diagnostic value of vcg-indices in patients with aquired heart defects is stressed. The value of the separate vcg-indices is discussed. PMID- 1226727 TI - [Comparative 131-cesium scintigraphic and electrocardiographic studies of patients following the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. AB - The determination of the extent and site of morphological changes in heart muscle, while still living, after a healed myocardial infarction is of a doubtless theoretical and practical interest. Certain possibilities, in that respect, are revealed by the myocardium scintigraphy with131 cesium. The authors present the results from the scintigraphic and electrocardiographic investigations of 45 patients with a past history of myocardial infarcticn examined in a period of 1 to 6 months post the infarction. PMID- 1226728 TI - [Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery]. AB - A case with a large aneurysm of the pulmonary artery trunk is described, with a many-year course with non-elucidated-probably complex, etiology. The case was clinically and roentgelogically admitted to be the more frequently met aortic aneurysm. The diagnosis was made by means of right heart catheterization and angiocardiography. PMID- 1226729 TI - Sympathetic influence on vascular smooth muscle contractility in renal hypertension in the rabbit. AB - The relation between sympathetic activity and vascular smooth muscle contractility in renal hypertension has been examined using, as a model, isolated central ear arteries from renal hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. The isolated arteries were perfused with Krebs solution and vasoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline and nerve stimulation were studied. It was found that in the absence of a functional sympathetic nervous system in arteries of renal hypertensive rabbits, the vascular smooth muscle showed marked decrease in response to noradrenaline. The results obtained indicate that trophic influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the vascular smooth muscle is essential for the integrity of the muscle and pertinent to renal hypertension in the rabbit. PMID- 1226730 TI - The fate of amphetamine and norephedrine in the Tamarin monkey compared with man. AB - When [14C] (+/-)-amphetamine sulphate (0.3 mg/kg) was injected into Tamarin monkeys, some 70-80% of the 14C was excreted in the urine in 24 hours. Some 75% of the 24-hour excretion was unchanged drug, 7% was free and conjugated benzoic acid and 7% was hydroxylated in the aromatic ring to give mainly 4 hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine). With similar doses of [14C] norephedrine hydrochloride nearly 90% of the 14C was excreted in 24 hours, most of this being unchanged drug. Only 3-4% was metabolized at the side chain and there was no aromatic hydroxylation. The results were compared with those obtained earlier in man, rat, rabbit and guinea pig. Quantitatively the metabolites of amphetamine, norephedrine and preludin in the tamarin were more like those in man than in the other three species. PMID- 1226732 TI - Responses to intravenous tolbutamide by Nigerians--a preliminary study. AB - Sixteen normal adult Nigerians (10 males and 6 females) were randomly selected for an intravenous tolbutamide test. The mean fall of blood sugar at 30 minutes corresponded closely to values observed in the Caucasians; however, there was a delay in the return of blood sugar to fasting level even at 240 minutes following tolbutamide administration. In spite of the low individual blood sugar levels attained during the study, no associated symptoms were observed. The possible contributory role of the counter-regulatory mechanisms in explaining the differences in the response to tolbutamide between the Nigerian and the Caucasian is discussed. PMID- 1226731 TI - Some aspects of gallstone: a clinico-biochemical correlation. AB - Bile samples obtained from gallbladders and common bile ducts of patients operated on for gallstone disease in the surgical unit, Medical School, University College Hospital, London between October 1971 and October 1972 were analyzed. The results presented support the view that the presence of cholesterol gallstones is usually associated with abnormal bile in which the relative concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol differ markedly from those found in normal or non-lithogenic bile. PMID- 1226733 TI - The effects of drugs on human foetal intestine. AB - The longitudinal muscle of human foetal intestine, of gestational age between eight and twenty-six weeks, has been studied in vitro using standard pharmacological methods. Muscarinic receptors and adrenoceptors have been identified in both the small and large intestine. The muscarinic receptors are similar to those of adult tissue whereas the adrenoceptor population of foetal intestine differs from that reported for adult tissue. In the foetal small intestine there is a predominance of beta receptors and the foetal colon contains alpha receptors which are involved in a contractile response to sympathomimetic amines. The responses to nicotine show that cholinergic and adrenergic fibres are present in the intestinal wall of the 12-week foetus. PMID- 1226734 TI - Proceedings: Pharmacological screening of snake bite remedies. PMID- 1226735 TI - Proceedings: Dietary elaidate (trans-octadecenoate): biochemical--phamacological implications. PMID- 1226736 TI - Proceedings: The effect of benzaldoxime-oxyacetic acid on electrically induced seizures in young chicks. PMID- 1226737 TI - Proceedings: Pharmacological effects of Vernonica amygdalina extract. PMID- 1226738 TI - Proceedings: Effects of debrisoquine and propranolol on nerve-mediated and noradrenaline-induced contractions of the isolated rat hypogastric nerve-vas deferens preparation. PMID- 1226739 TI - Proceedings: Toxic sciatic neuropathy from intragluteal drug injections. PMID- 1226741 TI - Proceedings: Defects in histidine metabolsim in the brains of malnourished animals. PMID- 1226740 TI - Proceedings: Effect of ketamine on sciatic nerve conduction. PMID- 1226742 TI - Proceedings: Ototoxicity of antibiotics--a review. PMID- 1226743 TI - Proceedings: Toxic effects of chloroquine on the ultrastructure the kidney of the rat. PMID- 1226744 TI - Proceedings: The effect of dopamine on strychnine-induced convulsions in young chicks. PMID- 1226745 TI - Proceedings: Histopathological effects of anaphylatoxin in the guinea pig. PMID- 1226746 TI - Proceedings: In vitro studies of puff adder (Bitis artertas) venom. PMID- 1226747 TI - Proceedings: Effect of different anaesthetic agents on biliary excretion of 3H-N (2 hydroxy ethyl) 2-phenyl ethyl carbamate in rats. PMID- 1226748 TI - Proceedings: Cation content and transport in erythrocytes of normal and hypertensive Nigerians: a preliminary report. PMID- 1226749 TI - Proceedings: Establishing a colony of Dunkin-Hartley strain guinea-pigs in Ibadan. PMID- 1226750 TI - Proceedings: Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon, Organon). A new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. PMID- 1226751 TI - Proceedings: Methaemoglobin forming activity of alkoxy-substituted anilines. PMID- 1226752 TI - Proceedings: Fixed drug eruption. PMID- 1226753 TI - [Practical experience in the transport of newborn infants at risk by means of a mobile intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - The development of perinatology gives premature and other newborn infants at risk a better chance of survival. The transport of these infants from the delivery room to the neonatal intensive care centre is a complicated procedure and its inherent dangers for the newborn infant increase with distance. Success depends on special transport facilities and the mobile van equipment is described. The results of experience in the transport of 218 newborn infants at risk are discussed. The necessity of initial emergency preparative measures for the transportation of the ill infant is illustrated by 2 cases. PMID- 1226754 TI - [The normal level of cadmium, copper and zinc in blood of the viennese population (author's transl)]. AB - The blood content of cadmium, copper and zinc was determined at autopsy in 150 cases of sudden death. In conjunction with a previously-published paper on the blood lead level (mean 26.0 mug0/0) of the Viennese population, these investigations should give the basis for the detection and diagnosis of contamination with heavy metal traces in the blood. Patients with such contamination should be followed up at regular intervals. The results are statistically examined in regard to their variation, standard deviation and reliability. The concentrations of copper and zinc correspond with the values quoted in literature (mean 123.8 mug0/0 Cu, mean 722.1 mug0/0 Zn). The higher blood level of cadmium in comparison with the literature (mean 15.9 mug0/0 Cd) might be caused, among other things, by the increased industrial use of this metal. PMID- 1226755 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma (histiocytosis-X) with lung and bone manifestations]. AB - A 26 year-old male presented with a spontaneous pathological fracture of the right femur caused by an osteolytic lesion. A chest X-ray demonstrated the coexistence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrocaseous tuberculosis and widespread malignancy were ruled out by appropriate investigations. The differential diagnosis, as based on the histological examination of the bone tumour, rested between hyperparathyroidism complicated by pulmonary disease and eosinophilic granuloma with lung manifestations. Hyperparathyroidism was ruled out by the absence of clinical and biochemical evidence of a disturbance of calcium metabolism. The diagnosis of histiocytosis-X was established by the histological appearance of the lung biopsy. PMID- 1226756 TI - [Frequencies of hl-a phenotypes, genes, and haplotypes in the viennese population (author's transl)]. AB - Using the data obtained by typing 450 unrelated people of the Viennese population, the phenotype and gene frequencies of 37 HL-A factors governed by the 3 SD loci were determined. The haplotype frequencies involving SD-1 und SD-2 genes were calculated and the associations between the 3 SD loci have been analysed. PMID- 1226757 TI - [Vitamin b6 depletion in women with hyperemesis gravidarum (author's transl)]. AB - The serum pyridoxal 5-phosphate (vitamin B6) level was measured in 20 women with hyperemesis gravidarum before and after therapy with vitamin B6. Control specimens were obtained from 22 healthy pregnant, women during the first trimester, 18 healthy prgnant women during the last trimester and from 29 healthy non-pregnant women of comparable age. The determinations were performed by means of decarboxylation of L-tyrosine-1-14 C. PMID- 1226759 TI - [Generalized secondary amyloidosis in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - During a period of 6 years (1968 to 1973) 177 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were submitted on one or more occasions to biopsy of the rectal mucosa for the diagnosis of amyloidosis. The indications for biopsy were as follows: 1. proteinuria, even in an intermittent form, 2. progressive type of rheumatoid arthritis with high inflammatory activity, 3. rheumatoid arthritis of longer than 2 years duration with a marked tendency to joint destruction. The histological specimens were stained with Congo red and investigated in polarized light. The biopsy for amyloidosis was positive in 80 patients (45.2%) of whom 14 showed no proteinuria, even of an intermittent nature. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis survived maximally 5 years after amyloidosis had been diagnosed. No successful therapy of amyloidosis has been devised. PMID- 1226758 TI - [Urinary oestrogens and vaginal cytology in late pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - 72 vaginal wall smears were taken from 51 women in late pregnancy. The following indices were evaluated: Eosinophilia, pyknosis, Crowded cell and Folded cell index. These indices were compared with urinary oestrogen levels. Statistical evaluation showed no relation between these indices and the total oestrogens in the urine. The Aetiology of the oestrogenic appearance of the smear some days before delivery in spite of constant oestrogen values is discussed. PMID- 1226761 TI - [Attainment and preservation of normal exercise capacity after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Results of physical rehabilitation were studied in 2 groups of patients. Group A consisted of 16 men and at least 24 (mean 51.5) months had elapsed after myocardial infarction before they were entered into a training programme with supervised once-weekly classes in a school gymnasium. By contrast, the interval between infarction and onset of training was less than 12 (mean 7.0 months in the 21 patients of group B, who had exercise classes twice a week. Group A achieved an average increase in estimated aerobic capacity of 32% (p less than 0.001) in 10 months of training, group B of 33% (p less than 0.001) in 4.7 months. Further participation of group A for 26 more months resulted in an additional improvement of 11% (p less than 0.05). Differences between the groups in aerobic power and different methods of exercise testing and training are discussed. The results indicate that early physical training of groups of patients helps them to obtain a normal exercise capacity with a year after myocardial fixation. Without such intervention patients often remain restricted, but with supervised training their physical power may be improved significantly even if years have passed after the heart attack. PMID- 1226760 TI - [A comparative study of the value of skin tests and radio-allergo-sorbent tests in inhalation allergies (author's transl)]. AB - Skin tests were performed and the specific IgE levels determined by means of the radio-allero-sorbent test (RAST) in fifty patients with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and extrinsic bronchial asthma. An overall correlation between in vitro and in vivo diagnosis was found in 87% of cases. The results of this study indicate that in such allergies the RAST might well be of value as a screening test. In addition it is a valuable supplement to the skin tests, particularly in the elucidation of the diagnosis in problematic cases. PMID- 1226762 TI - [The simultaneous investigation of liver and kidney function in the presence of dopamine (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of dopamine on liver function and on renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate was studied in 13 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. Hence, the BSP retention and 131I BSP clearance was determined and also the clearance of 99mTc DTPA and of 125I hippuran in decreasing concentrations, as well as under steady state conditions. Methodological problems arising from the application of the slope clearance technique in cirrhotic patients are discussed. Dopamine did not affect the BSP clearance and BSP retention, but a significant increase in renal plasma flow was observed. The glomerular filtration rate was not significant altered. PMID- 1226763 TI - [The measurement of 75selenium in duodenal juice--an advance in the diagnosis of pancreatic function (author's transl)]. AB - The radioactivity in the duodenal juice following the intravenous injection of 75Se-1-selenomethionine was measured in 17 normal subjects and in 14 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The mean values of radioactivity were significantly lower during certain periods of the investigation in the patients with pancreatic insufficiency as compared with the normal subjects. The individual values, however, scattered widely and the standard deviations were large. There was a highly significant correlation between the volume of duodenal juice and the 75Se radioactivity, but no significant correlation was established between the duodenal juice radioactivity and bicarbonate or enzyme concentration i.e. specific parameters of exocrine pancreatic function. It is possible that observation period may bring less equivocal results, but this appears of doubtful practicability. Measurement of the 75Se-1-selenomethione radioactivity in the duodenal juice is only an indirect indicator of exocrine pancreatic function. It does not appear to represent any significant advance in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency, since the information provided by these older established methods is more reliable and is obtained within a similar space of time. PMID- 1226764 TI - [An acute psychotic episode following adrenalectomy in cushing's syndrome]. AB - A marked cortisone psychosis with initial depressive symptoms developed following left adrenalectomy in a 41 year-old female patient suffering from Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. On deterioration of the clinical picture with the development of delusional ideas, verbal hallucinosis with imperative voices was observed. The administration of neuroleptic drugs favourably influenced the psychosis, which disappeared with a final depressive stage, thereby enabling removal of the second hyperplastic adrenal gland. The physical signs showed a good remission, except for the severe myopathy and osteoporosis; the pathologically-altered serum potassium level and the erythrocyte potassium content returned to normal. PMID- 1226765 TI - [Bilirubin determination: a comparison of the bilirubinometer, the diazo method of Jendrassik and grof and the micromethod of shinowara (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226766 TI - [Cell aging in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Human diploid fibroblast cultures in the phase of degeneration were compared with logarithmically-growing young cultures. Old cultures contain cells of increased size showing all signs of intact protein synthesis by means of the light and the electron microscope. DNA synthesis and cell division do not occur in old cultures. Premature chromosome condensation is still possible in old cells after fusion with mitotic cells of a fast-growing culture. PMID- 1226767 TI - [Quantitative morphological analysis of bone remodelling in an experimentally induced skeletal disease (author's transl)]. AB - In the lumbar vertebrae of lathyritic rats bone remodelling was investigated using histomorphometrical and tetracycline labelling methods and a newly developed, computer-aided photometrical quantitation of mineral densities in microradiographs. The morphometrical analysis showed a high-graded decrease in cancellous bone due to increased resorption and cessation of endochondral bone formation. On the other hand, increased formation of new bone in sites of muscular insertion led to the formation of exostoses. Disturbed mineralisation of the newly-formed bone is indicated by increased osteoid volume and diffuse labelling with tetracycline. These findings were confirmed by the quantitation of the mineral densities. The mineralisation defect is related to the disturbed collagen synthesis in lathyrism. PMID- 1226768 TI - [Light and electron microscopic localization of enzymes: 5'-nucleotidase (author's transl)]. AB - 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5), an important enzyme in the metabolism of nucleotides, is generally accepted as a plasma membrane marker. The enzyme selectively splits phosphoric acid from 5' mononucleotides. Several methods are available for the histochemical localization of enzymes (antigenic properties of the enzyme protein, enzyme properties and activity and labelled specific inhibitors). Only the method based on enzyme properties has been used up to now in the case of 5'-nucleotidase. Free phosphoric acid liberated during the dephosphorylation of substrates such as AMP or IMP is rendered visible at the sites of 5' nucleotidase activity in the tissue by precipitation as lead or calcium phosphate. An improvement in the light microscopic technique is achieved by the use of freezedried tissue embedded in glycol methacrylate, whereby the histochemical reaction can be performed on semi-thin sections. Since lead phosphate is electron dense, these precipitates can easily be detected in the electron microscope too. Wide species and organ differences are found with respect to the distribution of 5'-nucleotidase activity. The well-known localization of the enzyme on the outer cell surface according to biochemical studies is confirmed by electron microscopic findings. A purely catabolic function of 5'-nucleotidase, as propounded in the literature, seems dubious since high 5'-nucleotidase activity was demonstrated in rapidly proliferating tissue too. PMID- 1226769 TI - [Therapy of secondary atelectasis by pulmonary lavage in full-term and premature infants (author's transl)]. AB - Obstructive atelectasis can be successfully treated by means of pulmonary lavage. Atelectasis of this type may result from the formation of mucous plugs in the bronchi during or after prolonged artificial ventilation, after thoracic surgery and after vigorous suction. The pathophysiological alterations taking place during routine suction of an intubated and ventilated infant are discussed. The technique of pulmonary lavage with lukewarm physiological saline through an endotracheal tube is demonstrated in 2 newborn infants, in whom atelectasis occurred as a complication of long-term ventilation. PMID- 1226770 TI - [Attempts at placental localization by means of plate thermography (author's transl)]. AB - The value of plate thermography in the determination of placental localization was investigated in 120 cases, and compared with the results obtained by the ultrasonic B-Scan method. The duration of pregnancy in these cases ranged from 15 to 37 weeks. The results of plate thermography corresponded with ultrasonic localization in 94 cases (78.3%), but the placenta was incorrectly localized by plate thermography in 26 patients. The highest degree of correspondence was observed in the group of anterior wall placentae, the localisation of the placenta by plate thermography being correct in 52 out of 62 cases. The group of posterior wall placentae showed the lowest rate or correspondence, plate thermography giving the correct localization in only 32 out of 45 cases. Hence, plate thermography does not appear to be of sufficient accuracy for clinical use or scientific investigations. Furthermore, no accurate determination of placental surface area and placental thickness is possible with plate thermography. For all these reasons it may be concluded that this method is greatly inferior to the ultrasonic B-Scan method in respect to placental localization. PMID- 1226771 TI - [The value of the Coxsackie B virus complement fixation test (author's transl)]. AB - Enteroviruses were isolated from 27 patients during 1973 and 1974, 21 of these were Coxsackie B, 4 were ECHO and 2 were polio viruses, 5 further viruses could not be identified. Sera from 14 of the Coxsackie patients were investigated twice by means of the Complement Fixation Test (CFT). 11 of them showed a significant rise in antibody titre against one of the 6 different Coxsackie B viruses. No strong correlation was established between the result of the CFT and the isolated type of virus. Nevertheless, the CFT can be helpful in the diagnosis of a Coxsackie B infection. About 200 such cases with varied clinical features were diagnosed in the Department of Virology, Vienna University over the past 3 years by means of the CFT. PMID- 1226773 TI - [The physician's technical error]. PMID- 1226774 TI - [Tension pneumothorax as an anesthesia complication]. PMID- 1226772 TI - [New aspects of acidosis management in neurosurgical pediatrics]. PMID- 1226775 TI - [Experience with a combination of sulfametrol and trimethoprim (Lidaprim) in otorhinilaryngologic infections]. PMID- 1226776 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of early stomach carcinoma]. PMID- 1226777 TI - [Polymorphism of erythrocyte glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in the Vienna population]. PMID- 1226778 TI - [Comparative studies in influenza vaccines]. PMID- 1226779 TI - [Allergic patients and allergens observed over a period of 10 years. A statistical study]. PMID- 1226780 TI - [The effect of transcerebral impulse currents on labor pain]. PMID- 1226781 TI - [Bloody-sputum- -origin and consequence]. PMID- 1226782 TI - [Crippling polyarthrosis and chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 1226783 TI - [Etiology of malignant tumors]. PMID- 1226784 TI - [Marfan's syndrome associated with Addison's disease and acromegaly]. PMID- 1226785 TI - [New aspects of treatment of cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 1226786 TI - [Lead content of the placenta and urinary excretion of delta aminolevulinic acid in the mother and newborn infant as a graduator of the differential exposure to lead. (4. Report on the lead load of different occupational and population groups of the Vienna area)]. PMID- 1226787 TI - [Pharmacological effect of Solcoseryl on the metabolism of the brain. Animal experiments and clinical research]. PMID- 1226788 TI - [Fat embolism as a cause of sudden death]. PMID- 1226790 TI - [Examination and evaluation of enlarged lymph nodes]. PMID- 1226789 TI - [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland in adrenogenital syndrome]. PMID- 1226792 TI - [Leukocytosis - what is behind it?]. PMID- 1226791 TI - [Differential diagnosis of splenomegaly]. PMID- 1226793 TI - [Thrombopenic hemorrhages. Pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and therapy]. PMID- 1226794 TI - [Blood sedimentation. Technic of the rapid method using conventional equipment and significance of "immediate sedimentation" for early diagnosis in the office]. PMID- 1226796 TI - [Therapeutic influence of cerebrolysin on the long-term stress barrier after an accident]. PMID- 1226797 TI - [Results of a long-term study on the therapeutic effectiveness of xanthinol nicotinate in chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 1226795 TI - [How dangerous is the pill?]. PMID- 1226798 TI - [New aspects of the pathology and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 1226799 TI - [Current nuclear medicine thyroid diagnostics]. PMID- 1226800 TI - [Thyroid hypofunction in childhood]. PMID- 1226801 TI - [Current status of the surgical management of thyroid diseases]. PMID- 1226802 TI - [Manual lymph drainage: its effectiveness, indications, and contraindications]. PMID- 1226803 TI - [Letter: Treatment of phimosis in the young child]. PMID- 1226804 TI - [New preparation for the treatment of inflammatory ear diseases]. PMID- 1226805 TI - [Experience with a calcium-anabolic combination in osteoporosis]. PMID- 1226806 TI - [Single-dose treatment with simplotan 500--progress in the therapy of urogeintal trichomoniasis]. PMID- 1226807 TI - [Hoarseness and its possible causes]. PMID- 1226808 TI - [Chronic otitis media]. PMID- 1226809 TI - [Treatment possibilities in ocular nystagmus]. PMID- 1226810 TI - [Practical sensitivity of the usual urinary glucose rapid test]. PMID- 1226811 TI - [Letter: Headache]. PMID- 1226812 TI - [Subungual hematoma]. PMID- 1226813 TI - [Kamillosan therapy in dermatology]. PMID- 1226815 TI - [Letter: Blood sedimentation]. PMID- 1226814 TI - [Therapy of chronic persistent ulcus cruris with phlebostatic edema in chronic phlebostasis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 1226816 TI - [Dangerous situations through diagnostic errors in old age]. PMID- 1226817 TI - [Emergency surgery in old patients]. PMID- 1226818 TI - [Acute conditions in cardiovascular diseases in aged patients]. PMID- 1226819 TI - [Apoplexy- -differential diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 1226820 TI - [Eye emergencies in aged patients]. PMID- 1226821 TI - [The bone tissue in old age osteoporosis]. PMID- 1226823 TI - [Geriatric rehabilitation as a task and problem]. PMID- 1226822 TI - [The pros and cons of sodium fluoride therapy in osteoporosis]. PMID- 1226824 TI - [Gerohygienic aspects of early and late rehabilitation]. PMID- 1226825 TI - [Geriatric rehabilitation under stationary conditions]. PMID- 1226826 TI - [Clinico-psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of older citizens]. PMID- 1226828 TI - [Rehabilitation of the aging and aged patient from the orthopedist's point of view]. PMID- 1226827 TI - [Various logopedic problems in geriatric rehabilitation]. PMID- 1226829 TI - [The rehabilitation of aged patients from a surgical viewpoint]. PMID- 1226830 TI - [The effect of hormonal disorders on connective tissue function (autoradiographic studies)]. PMID- 1226840 TI - [Tasks of laboratory diagnostics in the securing of the quality of medical care]. PMID- 1226838 TI - [Neurogenesis and regeneration in the brain of teleosts in relation to age. (Autoradiographic studies)]. AB - 54 healthy female Lebistes reticulatus and 11 Xiphophorus helleri of various age groups were injected with 3H-thymidin. The duration of the radio-active test was one hour. By means of autoradiograms of serial sections of the brain, the post natal persistence of matrical zones was demonstrated in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and in the medulla oblongata. The age dependency of the 3H-thymidin index produced the same results in all matrical zones: high values in young animals, followed by a steep decrease and a steady state in older animals. In 30 other laboratory animals (Lebistes reticulatus Teleostei), out of which 15 were juvenile and 15 were adult females, a unilateral lesion of the central tectum was effected. On the 5th, 7th, 8th, 15th, and 25th days following operation the animals were given a single injection of 3H-thymidin (absolute activity 10 muCi/g body weight; duration of the radio-active test: one hour). Labelled meningeal cells were observed in the traumatic region. In the course of regeneration there takes place a migration of cells into the puncture channel. No labelled cells were observed in the tissues adjacent to the lesion nor in the cell column. The proliferation of cells takes place in the matrical zones. By determining the 3H-thymidin index we were able to show that the proliferation activity is being increased. In the matrical zones of the non operated tectum opticum too, the number of DNA synthesizing cells is increased. PMID- 1226841 TI - [Pharmacodynamic effect of the combined administration of Hylase "Dessau" and Myocuran in ambulatory surgery]. PMID- 1226842 TI - [Studies on the antigenicity problems of Hylase "Dessau"]. PMID- 1226843 TI - [Administration of Hylase in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 1226844 TI - [Observations of the course of scleroderma after combined Hylase-carnitine therapy]. PMID- 1226845 TI - [Treatment with hyaluronidase in dermatology]. PMID- 1226846 TI - [Clinical problems in tuberous sclerosis]. PMID- 1226847 TI - [Hypertension sub partu and its effects on the child]. PMID- 1226848 TI - [Principles of struma management in puberty]. PMID- 1226849 TI - [Development of mental abilities in medical students]. PMID- 1226850 TI - [What possibility does an ambulatory-active pediatrist possess for contribution to the improvement of ambulatory care?]. PMID- 1226851 TI - [Notes on the drug addiction law of the German Democratic Republic and on the medical and legal position of the addicts]. PMID- 1226852 TI - [Social medicine aspects in pregnancy interruption]. PMID- 1226853 TI - [First experiences with the transrectal suction biopsy of the prostate gland for the cytological diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 1226854 TI - [Lung pathology following acute chlorine gas inhalation]. PMID- 1226855 TI - [The value of eosinophilia in the diagnosis of allergic otitis media]. PMID- 1226856 TI - [Diffuse foam cell pneumonia following fatty embolism treated with lipostabil. A contribution to the pathology of therapy]. PMID- 1226857 TI - [Rectal carcinoma in women. A contribution to preventive medicine]. PMID- 1226858 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast neoplasms]. PMID- 1226859 TI - [Results of an ophthalmological serial study in 626 2 year old children]. PMID- 1226860 TI - [Results of ophthalmologic studies in all nursery schools of an agrarian region]. PMID- 1226861 TI - [The diagnostic value of the blood sedimentation reaction in children]. PMID- 1226863 TI - [Dipidolor (piritramid)--a new morphine-like analgesic]. PMID- 1226862 TI - [Griess' test as a bedside test]. PMID- 1226864 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of ascaridiasis of the kidney and kidney carcinoma]. PMID- 1226865 TI - [Portal vein thrombosis following the administration of ovulation inhibitors. A case report]. PMID- 1226867 TI - [The essence and the tasks of soviet psychology. II]. PMID- 1226866 TI - [Results of empirical questioning of various population groups on knowledge and attitudes to hereditary diseases, possibilities of their treatment, and to human genetic family counseling]. PMID- 1226868 TI - [The significance of immunologic phenomenons in pulmonary diseases of children (author's transl)]. AB - Under special conditions the lung develops reactions of hypersensitivity, e.g. by the contact with antigens consisting of foreign proteins, organic dusts or different pathogen organisms. It must be distinguished between uncomplicated allergic and autoimmune diseases. The exact separation is difficult, because transitions from one state to the other are possible. The autoimmunisation is a very complicated phenomenon, where endogensou cells are effective as auto antigens and induce the development of auto-antibodies. From the pathological anatomical point of view thate are no typical structural changes in the lung, which define a disease as a special autoimmune disease. But the prevalence of round cells in inflamed tissue, the appearance of granuloma with epithelial cells point to immunological phenomenons. Examples for allergic diseases are: "Asthma bronchiale, pigeon-breeder disease, mite-allergy, farmer's lung, drug-induced allergy", and for autoimmune diseases: "Lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." The drug-therapy consists of corticoids and immune suppressive drugs. PMID- 1226869 TI - [Asbestos as an envoronmental carcinogen (author's transl)]. AB - Relations between asbestosis and bronchial carcinoma and also since a long time for diffuse malignant pelural and peritoneal mesothelioma have been ascertained for professional exposure to asbestos. On the other hand such relations can be proved statistically for non-professional environmental influence only with malignant serosa tumors. Their increased occurrence goes parallel to the hyaline (calcified) pleura-plaques, to another professional and non-professional consequence of asbestos dust inhalations. There is not enough evidence to accuse asbestos to be a carcinogen causing also other malignomas. It is sure, the number of uncontrolled persons, occupationally or nonoccupationally exposed to asbestos, is still very high. Nevertheless no increased risk of cancer, provoked by asbestos can be supposed for the public at present. For selected population groups, however, increased occurence of mesothelioma cannot be denied, at least in the past. Favorable Favorable conditions exist for the solution of problems still unsolved in asbestosis control, due to the registration of all persons exposed to asbestos dust, and due to the commitment of notifying all tumors. PMID- 1226870 TI - [Significance of the acetylcholin-test in screening and evaluation of recurrent and chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. AB - 156 healthy persons, 198 patients with recurrent bronchitis and 112 patients with chronic bronchitis showed different reaction to the acetylcholin test. Frequency of cough-reaction (bronchosensorial hyperreactivity) was high-significant lower in healthy persons (17,3%) than in patients with recurrent (30,8%) or chronic bronchitis (54,5%). Frequency of obstructive reaction (bronchomotorial hyperreactivity) was less but still significant different in these 3 groups (32,7%; 39,4%; 52,7%). The author proposes to pay more attention to acetylcholin cough-test. PMID- 1226871 TI - [Animal investigations after application of human kveim antigen (author's transl)]. AB - Guinea pigs and mice, receiving subcutan injections of human Kveim antigen with and without previously application of BCG-vaccine, showed only in few cases histological pictures, bearing a great resemblance to the positive human Kveim reaction. PMID- 1226873 TI - [Results in the surgical management of tracheal stenoses (author's transl)]. AB - After a review of the methods for treating tracheal stenosis, own results of 20 cases are reported, concerning 6 with subglottic stenosis, 7 localized in the cervical and 4 in the thoracic region, in 3 other cases the cervical and thoracic region was involved. The stenosis was the sequela of tracheotomy in 12 cases, of extended inflammations in 3 cases, of benign subglottic tumors in 3 cases and 2 following intubation. 3 dilatations, 7 tracheopexies and 7 tracheoplastics were performed. In 1 patient the stenosed portion was resected followed by end-to-end anastomosis. Complete unrestricted respiration was achieved in 11 patients, adequate breathing at rest in 4 patients, and 3 patients had to continue wearing a tube. 3 patients died, 2 of them from other causes and 1 from inadequate postoperative care. The treatment procedures must be individualized to each patient, according to the different causes, sites, types of the tracheal stenosis, to improve diagnostics, and the preoperative and postoperative care. Great patience from the side of the patient as well as the physician is necessary to relieve the patient suffering from his severe dyspnea. PMID- 1226872 TI - [Morphological changes in experimental lipid pneumonia (author's transl)]. AB - The morphological changes were investigated by male rats after aerosol application of mineral oil above a period of three weeks. Beginning in the second week, there was a permanent increase of macrophages and foam cells in the alveolar septa and alveolar lumina in closed relation to the deposited mineral oil, visible by dark field illumination. The macrophages and foam cells showed a high activity of non-specific esterasis and acid phosphatasis whereas the activity of adenosine triphosphatasis clear decreased. In the third week the formation of focal granulomas started predominantly existing of histiocytes and only few foam cells. PMID- 1226874 TI - [Angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia of the lung ("zwiebelschalenlymphom") (author's transl)]. AB - This is the author's second report on angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia of the lung ("Zwiebelschalenlymphom") rarely described in German medical publications. Obviously the tumor has its origin in the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes. The resection of the upper lobe of the left lung was indicated. PMID- 1226875 TI - [Observer error in interpretation of chest-radiophotographs (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 434 radiophotographs (70 X 70 mm) containing 40 patients with known abnormal symptoms and 15 resp. 21 pictures with suspected abnormalities were interpreted by 85 chest physicians. 84% (average of 77 readers) of the known symptoms were found in the right localisation. The mean value of 8 diagnosticians with only little routine in reading radiophotographs, was 65%. The number of correct findings with respect of the 40 plus 15 resp. 21 abnormalities lies near 80%. Nearly 10% of the true negative cases were described as positive by the diagnosticians. The number of false positives varies considerably (between 0% and 50%) for different interpreters. The number of true positive findings when the films are read by two observers independently increases only when we combine two readers with poor results in finding true positive cases. But dual reading means nearly twice as much false positive findings. The repetition of reading the films by the same interpreter gives nearly the same results as the first reading. PMID- 1226876 TI - [Polychemotherapy for inoperable bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - In the therapy of carinomas the best results had been achieved by radical operation. The operable carcinomas, especially the bronchial carcinomas, couldn't be found among clinical patients in such amount as we would like. X-ray therapy in the manner of high voltage radiation shows remarkable results, which is now common knowledge. For the most inoperable carcinomas only a general therapy may give certain positive therapeutical aspects. The own results with polychemotherapy in 847 patients with bronchogenic carcinomas or lung-metastases in advanced stages are shown. In spite of all limitations the polychemotherapy shows possibilities and some certain changes for symptomatic help in desperate cases. PMID- 1226877 TI - [Immunological aspects of chemotherapy for bronchial carcinomas. (author's transl)]. AB - Provided that immunoreactivity exists against cancer cells, there are a number of biologically and medically relevant phases and processes such as old age, genetic defects, postradiologic and postchemotherapeutic metabolism, which can be accompanied or followed by short-term and persistent, partial or subtotal immune deficiency states, respectively. It will depend on several factors, which are difficult to elucidate heretofore, whether the tumour will bypass the concequences of immunogenecity, i.e. the stimulation of tumour immunity. Some of these factors are being studied in experimental and immunoclinical test systems. The critical representation of this paper ought to reinforce investigations into the essential parameters as well as the perpetuation of well planned randomized prospective studies on the basis of immunoclinical methods. PMID- 1226878 TI - [Investigation to improve the survival of patients with bronchial carcinomas "radically operated" (author's transl)]. AB - The conservative postoperative treatment of patients with successfully resected bronchial carcinoma is described. The drug employed was ISCADOR, deriving from mistle. A comparison is made between 37 treated and 41 untreated cases. After 3 to 5 years 22 of group one and only 9 of group two (controls) are still alive. PMID- 1226879 TI - [Cytostatic chemotherapy and sensitivity tests (oncobiograms) (author's transl)]. AB - The success of cytostatic chemotherapy depends on the numerous factors. Thus, apart from pharmacokinetic and cell kinetic factors, particular attention is being attached to the resistance at cell-biochemical level. In the past decade, a number of screening tests has been devised to avoid the use of ineffective cytostatic drugs in therapeutic schedules. The use of organ culture technique is described for cytostatic sensitivity tests in patients with operated bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 1226880 TI - [Diaphragmatic and lung abnormalities (author's transl)]. AB - This report deals with diaphragmatic abnormalities, their origin, anatomy, clinical features, therapy and prognosis. A rare deformity of the diaphragm: aplasia of the left side combined with hypoplasia of the left lung and a mediastinal abnormality is described and problems of diagnosis and surgical therapy are discussed. PMID- 1226881 TI - [Considerations on bodyplethysmography (author's transl)]. AB - Bodyplethysmography and spirometry are complementary methods in several respects. On the basis of measurements in 102 persons highly significant correlations between body plethysmographical and spirometrical results in the assessment of restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defects as well as of increased residual volume are shown. Differences between the results of both methods are looked upon as useful informations. PMID- 1226882 TI - [Misdiagnosed peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinomas in radiographical follow-ups (author's transl)]. AB - By means of chest radiograph-series it is pointed out that adenocarcinomas of the lung show only a slow growth in the initial stage. Therefore failures in diagnosis are not uncommon despite of well timed abnormal findings in X-ray investigations. In the differential-diagnosis the special use of tomography plays an important part. The existence of metastases has to be supposed when the radiological presence of a solitary nodule is evident during some years, even if the primary tumour itself shows only a very slow growth. PMID- 1226883 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnostic of endobronchial foreign bodies (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic Difficulties in 27 cases of inhaled or swallowed foreign bodies are critically reviewed. Possible sources of diagnostic errors are emphasized. 25 foreign bodies were removed by endoscopical procedures. 1 fatal case concerning an eight months' old child is described in extenso. One foreign body localized in the upper esophagus and causing the symptoms of tracheal stenosis was removed by esophagotomy. PMID- 1226884 TI - [Surgery of mediastinal tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226885 TI - [IVth scientific conference of the department of thoracic surgery in the society for surgery of the gdr 5/10/1973 in halle (saale) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1226886 TI - [Difficulties with diagnosis and surgical treatment of mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostical and therapeutical problems of mediastinal tumors are reported, and their management is described. Lethality was 9% (causes related to the operation, including final stages of advanced tumors). PMID- 1226887 TI - [Longterm results of surgical treatment in mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. AB - 94 mediastinal tumors have been operated. There were no problems concerning the indication with benign tumors, but a number of technical difficulties with malignant tumors. Early removal is recommended, thus early diagnosis is most important. PMID- 1226888 TI - [Experience with mediastinoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Results of 330 mediastinoscopies are presented. Mediastinoscopy showed to be a safe and reliable method in the diagnosis of systemic lymphatic disorders. Mediastinoscopy was not performed as a routine method. Therefore it is difficult to evaluate its significance in the qualification for surgical treatment in the carcinoma of the lungs. Nevertheless the use of this method may spare unnecessary explorative thoracotomy in many patients. Possibilities of therapeutic use of mediastinoscopy are presented. PMID- 1226889 TI - [Indications and longterm results of surgery in mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. AB - Most important for the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors are X-ray methods (incl. tomography and pneumomediastinum). Early operation is important for all kinds of tumors. The lateral thoracotomy (Perelman) is recommended. Longterm results are good with benign tumors. This can not be said for malignancies because of their usually late discovery. PMID- 1226890 TI - [Experiences from early detection and surgical treatment of mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. AB - 87 mediastinal tumors were operated at the Halle Universitatsklinik between 1951 1973. 42.5% were diagnosed occasionally by the yearly X-ray mass screening. 47.5% were benign, 34.4% malignant. The lower proportion of malignancies is attributed to the rapid growth of the tumor and the long interval between the screenings (1 year). Results, localizations and treatment are reported. PMID- 1226891 TI - Surgical treatment of myasthenia by thymectomy. AB - From 1967 to 1973 Thymectomies for Myasthenia gravis have been done at the Zakopane Chest Surgery Hospital. Preoperative duration of the disease was some 2 1/2 years. Histological types: Thymoma 6, Thymus persistens 61, malignant lymphatical growth 1. Postoperatively 9 patients had a myasthenic, 6 a cholinergic crisis. These and other respiratory troubles made necessary 14 prolonged intubations and 6 tracheostomies. Depending on the clinical picture small doses of cholinergic drugs were given. Lethality was 1.5%. Long-term results (1/2-6 years p.o.):22.6% needed no drug therapy, and 62.9% only in small doses, 6.5% showed subjective improvement and 6.5% no change. PMID- 1226892 TI - [Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. AB - Experiences with 13 thymectomies for myasthenia gravis between 1966-1973 are reported. Incomplete median sternotomy was preferred. Myasthenic or cholinergic respiratory failure was a major complication after surgery. Daily measurements of VC were useful indicators to dedect beginning failures. Results depend on duration of the disease and histological type of lesion. Recommendation of thymectomy at an early stage of the disease is justified. PMID- 1226893 TI - [Myasthenia gravis: surgical treatment with thymectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Thymectomy may be an effective treatment of Myasthenia gravis. 25% of the 16 patients had a complete remission of the disease, 70% remarcable improvement. Half of the patients were able to resume working. Diagnostic methods, surgical and postoperative problems are discussed. Lateral left thoracotomy is recommended. PMID- 1226894 TI - [Differentiation and identification of mycobacteria by means of thin-layer chromatography of their lipids. I. Application for the classification of rapidly growing mycobacteria (author's transl)]. AB - Experiences with the analysis of mycobacterial lipids by means of thin-layer chromatography are described. The influence of different media used for the cultivation of the strains, the age of cultures and heating of the bacteria on the lipid patterns was investigated. 25 strains of rapid growers belonging to various species were examined by a definite procedure. As the results indicate the lipid analysis allows a differentiation of more species than with the usual culture and enzymatic methods. The conclusions especially for taxonomic problems are discussed. PMID- 1226895 TI - [Complex function of mucuos membrane of the upper respiratory tract and its possibilities of irritation (author's transl)]. AB - The increase of air pollution problems and occupationally exposed noxious substances require an intensification of research in the field of mucosa of the respiratory tract. Interrelations of structure and function of the mucosa are considered. Open problems including resorption are discussed. Due to the relatively limited range of reactivity of the respiratory mucosa, the continuous functional and defense stress may result in subacute and chronic inflammatory changes. The reasons for this reactivity pattern are elucidated and the various endogenic and exogenic factors and the stages of inflammation are characterized. The protection against infection and the immunological system are discussed in the light of modern scientific findings, showing that the basic functions of the mucosa and the unspecific (congenital) as well as specific (acquired) factors - the immunoglobulins - make necessary further investigations. PMID- 1226896 TI - Comparison of the helium rebreathing method and the x-ray film densitometry in epidemiological screening tests of CNSLD (author's transl). AB - Two methods for the examination of the residual volume were compared under the special conditions of epidemiological studies. The X-ray Photo Densitometry RV/TLC is measured as a quotient of the brightness of the lung radiographs during inspiration and expiration maximums. The Helium Rebreathing method is a gas mixture technique. The correlation between both methods proved to be significant (r = 0,60). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods for epidemiological studies were discussed. PMID- 1226898 TI - [Clinical and experimental examinations of drug-aerosols for the practice (author's transl)]. AB - Drug examination is regulated by drug legislation and special instructions for examination methods. Drug aerosols and inhalants for therapeutic purposes have to been examined regarding the different liquids, solutions, carriers and technical devices such as nozzles, ultrasonics and propellants for administration as a nebulized aerosol. Indications and contraindications of these inhalants, their local compatibility and reactions to the bronchial mucosa, their desired therapeutic effects, localized and general side-effects, localized and general side-effects have to be determined and are discussed. The data of these examinations have to be correlated with clinical and paraclinical results. PMID- 1226897 TI - [Importance of acetylcholine-test for workers under medical supervision by industrial physicians and the prophylactic examination of patients with obstructive lung-diseases (author's transl)]. AB - 2316 persons, predominantly underground miners, aged up to 64 years were investigated with the acetylcholine-test (ultrasonic aerosol device for individual inhalation "TuR", USI3, 0,2% solution, 3 min duration of inhalation) to detect bronchial hyperreactivity (decrease in the first-second-flow-test about 30% compared with the initial value 5 min. after finishing inhalation). This method permits an early diagnosis of bronchial obstruction and helps to distinguish between a stable and unstable reaction of the bronchial system. In 75 (4,4% from 1714) patients without and 57 (14% from 434) patients with manifest ventilation disorders a bronchial hyperreactivity was found. Restrictive disorders did not influence bronchial hyperreactivity. With increasing degrees of manifest bronchial obstruction a highly significant prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity was demonstrable. Patients with a slight manifest bronchial obstruction tended significantly more frequent to intensified bronchospastic reactions. Periodical health examinations for early detection and dispensary care for persons with bronchial obstruction and obstructive respiratory diseases should be attained. The standardization of this examination is discussed, because in 60,2% there was a positive cough reaction and in 2% the inhalation had to be stopped prematurely. The one-step-method of inhalation with a acetylcholine solution (0,1%) is proposed. PMID- 1226899 TI - [Parasternal fine-needle-biopsy in patients with mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 16 fine-needle-biopsies in 12 cases of primary and 4 secondary mediastinal tumours, 3 of them with impairment of venous return flow. Cytological examination of the material permitted in 12 cases a clear decision especially regarding further therapeutical measures. With the exception of one case of pneumothorax no complications were observed. PMID- 1226900 TI - [Chronic berylliosis of the lungs with special regard of pathomorphology (author's transl)]. AB - The course of the disease of a berylliosis of the lungs is described with a patient, who had been working with berylliumoxide in the laboratory of a porcelain factory for about 21 months between his 16th and 20th year of life. At the age of 22 berylliosis was diagnosed radiologically and recognized as a occupational disease. At 32 years of age the patient died from the sequences of berylliosis. In this case-study the particular damages due to berylliosis are discussed depending on the different beryllium compounds. The chronic berylliosis of the lungs is pointed out in a pathologically anatomical way. It is supposed that an allergic reaction of the organism is reponsible for the pathogenesis. Special demands in the field of industrial medicine are resulting from the course of the disease. PMID- 1226901 TI - [The cytologic diagnosis of rare lung tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The cytologic diagnosis of typical cell pattern originating in rare lung tumours gets a supplementary value for an accurate diagnostic prediction in addition to histologic examinations. Comparison was made by use of light and electron microscopy between three bronchogenic carcinoid tumours, two melanomas metastasizing to the lung, and one plasmacytoma in the lung. The cytologic diagnosis from dab smears and the electron microscopy are able to give an accurate diagnostic decision examinating some single difficult cases by - demarcating the cells of carcinoid tumours from the oat cells originating in undifferentiated small cell anaplastic carcinomas - differentiating plasma cells using May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained smears - detecting melanin by using electron microscopy in the nonpigmented melanomas metastasizing to the lung. PMID- 1226902 TI - [Interstitial lung fibrosis and diabetes insipidus (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a case of Diabetes insipidus associated with Hamman-Rich-Syndrome. The importance of early lung biopsy is stressed for the analysis of this case. PMID- 1226903 TI - [Illumination level and performance. Classification of experimental principles]. PMID- 1226904 TI - [The influence of single impulses in the development of acoustic trauma in the metal-processing industry]. PMID- 1226905 TI - [Various medicolegal aspects of fatal work accidents]. PMID- 1226906 TI - [Results of epidemiological studies on health hazards through partial body vibration in metalworking occupations]. PMID- 1226907 TI - [Views on the validity of sulfur dioxide emission parameters illustrated on the example of the city Gera]. PMID- 1226908 TI - [Various community hygiene problems of the healt-promoting modification of the rural environment]. PMID- 1226909 TI - [Experimental studies on the thin-layer chromatographic separation and identification of isomeric toluidines in waters, using specific spary reagents]. PMID- 1226910 TI - [Noise parameters for the city of Leipzig and the district town of the Leipzig region]. PMID- 1226911 TI - [The arsenic baiting technic using Rodex ant-killing varnish D1 in the control of pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis L.)--brief report]. PMID- 1226912 TI - [Studies on the antiviral effectiveness of chemothermal disinfecting washing procedure]. PMID- 1226913 TI - [Salmonella and Shigella findings in a large city (1968-1972)]. PMID- 1226914 TI - [Use of EDP (electronic data processing) in the organization of a vaccination system. Control mechanisms and correction of errors]. PMID- 1226915 TI - [Opinions of worker groups on healthy behavior patterns]. PMID- 1226916 TI - [Sociomedical and economic significance of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1226917 TI - [Waiting times and the appointment system]. PMID- 1226918 TI - [New statistical model for the description of the temporal course of air pollution concentrations, particularly of dust components]. PMID- 1226919 TI - [Air pollution and influenza epidemic in Sofia]. PMID- 1226920 TI - [Contamination of human milk with DDT in the Halle (Saale) urban area]. PMID- 1226921 TI - [Use of embryonal chick trachea organ cultures as a test model for testing antiviral substances against influenza viruses]. PMID- 1226922 TI - [Comparative studies on the demonstration of influenza A viruses in cell culture with FITC- and POD-marked antibodies]. PMID- 1226923 TI - [Comparative data on the spectrum of drugs prescribed by general pracitioners and internists]. PMID- 1226924 TI - [Status of health education in the system of pedagogical science]. PMID- 1226925 TI - [Medical aspects of spinal cord in injuries resulting from traffic accidents]. PMID- 1226926 TI - [Rehabilitation of aged people with special reference to the locomotor system]. PMID- 1226927 TI - [Diagnosis of bone tumors]. AB - For the prognosis of the relatively rare bone tumours the time of neglect has an essential importance. At every suspicion of a bone tumour a systematic diagnostics which is directed to the clarification of the malignity should be carried out. The anamnesis often contains references which particularly allow an early recognition of the disease. Only the synopsis of anamnestic, clinical and paraclinical, radiological and bioptical findings ascertains the correct diagnosis. The modern diagnostic methods are discussed concerning their differential-diagnostic valency and range of indications. The close collaboration between peripheral and central institutions on the one hand and between surgeons, radiologists and pathologists on the other is necessary to make a certain diagnosis of the bone tumour in shortest time. A national and central register of cases of bone tumours would be recommendable. PMID- 1226928 TI - [Projection variations in the roentgenologic study of the gall bladder reflex]. AB - On 505 positive cholecystograms was comparatively investigated the assessibility of radiograms after the provocative meal in different projections. The most favourable conditions for the evaluation were present at the projection in the 2nd oblique diameter p.a., which is recommended for application. PMID- 1226929 TI - [Old and new standardized color test for the determination of aspartate aminotransferase in the differential diagnosis of heart infarct and angina pectoris]. AB - The usability of the new and old standardized colour test for the determination of the aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) (set of test instruments VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden) in the differential diagnosis between acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris are compared. Concerning this problematics the new colour test does not evoke a better separation effect than the old one. Since with the change-over there were connected considerable uncertainties in the clinic it is recommended in case of a future standardisation to publish the regions of reference and first clinical experiences before the change-over. PMID- 1226930 TI - [Clinical-biochemical study of systemic panchondritis]. AB - With the help of a casuistic and the results of own investigations clinical, differential-diagnostic, biochemical, pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of panchondritis systemica are described. The very rare clinical picture, which coincides with chondrolysis and perichondritis, manifests itself intermittently in the region of the auricles, the nose, the cartilaginous parts of the ribs as well as of the chondroskeleton of the respiratory system and in most cases has a fatal termination. Probably on the basis of the pathogenetically decisive changes of the basic substance in addition to this arthritic symptoms, symptoms similar to Bechterew's disease, carditic as well as ocular and internal ear symptoms may appear. Results of own investigations refer to considerable abnormalities in the glucosamine glycan metabolism, in which case the question must remain open, whether these biochemical and immunologic factors are to be regarded as the primary pathogenetic cause. For avoiding irreparable and dangerous defects of the cartilage a sufficiency dosed treatment with corticoids is necessary. PMID- 1226931 TI - [Dependence on age of the effects of catecholamines in man I. Effect of noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline on blood pressure and heart rate]. AB - In 2- to 3-year-old, 18- to 34-year-old as well as 57- to 75-year-old persons the effect of a one hour's permanent infusion of noradrenalin (0.0625 mug/min kg), adrenalin (0.025 mug/min kg) and isoprenalin (0.0142 mug/min kg) on blood pressure and hear rate is investigated. In a concerning age uniform dosage/body weight isoprenalin and adrenalin increase the heart rate of the older organism on a larger scale than in the younger. The increased sensitiveness of the heart of old persons to beta-adrenergics is to be taken in consideration in therapeutic use with regard to cardiac side effects. In juvenile adults the systolic blood pressure is more increased by isoprenalin as well as the diastolic blood pressure by noradrenalin than in older persons. The concerning age different cardiovascular effects of the investigated adrenergics in man are discussed in connection with findings of animal experiments with regard to aging in the sensitiveness of adrenergic receptors. PMID- 1226932 TI - [Bacteriuria--findings in diabetics]. AB - The frequency of bacteriuria in 2.058 unselected diabetics obtained with the help of microscopic slides was 9.67%. Here women (n=1,325) with 13.5% have an essentially higher share of constant bacteriuria (number of germs more than 10(5)/ml) than men (n=733) with 2.4%. In very old men older than 75 years a clear increase to 14.6% could be proved. A relation between duration of diabetes and frequency of bacteriuria could not be ascertained. On the other hand there existed a dependence on the form of therapy of diabetes. A constant bacteriuria was present in dietetically led diabetics at 7.3%, in those persons treated with oral antidiabetics at 10.2%, in diabetics treated with insulin at 13.8%. The slide culture is clearly superior to the hitherto still used bacteriological and biochemical methods and is recommended particularly for screening tests. PMID- 1226933 TI - [Value of the propranolol test in the differential diagnosis of repolarization disorders in the ECG]. AB - The propranolol-test was inaugurated as a simple method for the differentiation, whether repolarisation disturbance in the ECG is based on an organic or a functional cause. In order to determine the value of this test, in this study ECG strips were done at rest and under bicycle exercise before and after assessment of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on 41 patients with organic heart disease (most of them with chronic ischaemic heart disease [CIHD]) and 20 patients which had no evidence of heart disease. 19 of 26 patients with heart disease and ST segment changes already in the ECG at rest had a false positive propranolol-test. Ischaemic ECG-responses under exercise conditions were diminished by the beta adrenergic receptor blockade, too. These results are in coincidence with findings that give evidence of considerable sympathetic component in the multifactorial origin of coronary insufficiency and of protective therapeutic efficiency of beta adrenolytic substances. It is concluded that the propranolol-test brings no further information--at least with regard to CIHD--whether repolarisation changes in the ECG are organic or not. PMID- 1226934 TI - [The Stewart-Treves syndrome]. PMID- 1226935 TI - [Prevention of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in syphilis using high doses of methylprednisolone]. PMID- 1226936 TI - [Scientific session of the Austrian Dermatologic Society, March 8, 1975]. PMID- 1226937 TI - [Inguinal "pomade" crust of infants]. AB - A thick crust of a very peculiar appearance (table 1) was found in the groins of babies overtreated with ointments and oils. The condition was not diagnosed before and even treated with corticosteroid ointments. The crust disappeared when the parents changed the care of the baby and avoided greasy preparations. It was easy to remove the crust by dissolving them with oil. PMID- 1226938 TI - [The clinical picture of berloque dermatitis]. PMID- 1226939 TI - [Results of physical chemistry studies on the quality of hair]. PMID- 1226940 TI - [Quantitative protein determinations in the seminal plasma]. PMID- 1226941 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum]. PMID- 1226942 TI - ["Mixed connective tissue disease" a newly created disease concept within collagenoses]. PMID- 1226943 TI - [The mechanism of action of vitamin A acid]. AB - Although vitamin A acid has been used successfully in medicine for several years, the mode of action is still unknown. Clinical investigations have shown, that the application of vitamin A acid is associated with elevation of serum levels of vitamin A and after high dosage side effects develop similar to hypervitaminosis A. Several possibilities regarding the mode of action of vitamin A acid are discussed; it seems to be most likely: 1. The vitamin A depots of the body are mobilized by vitamin A acid. 2. The release of lysosomal enzymes is dependent on the serum level of vitamin A. 3. The unlimited DNS and RNS syntheses are inhibited by the action of lysosomal enzymes. 4. Disturbances in this control mechanism cause anomalies in the process of keratinization and the cellular turnover of epithelial tissues. PMID- 1226945 TI - [Erysipelas at the University-dermatology-department at Heidelberg 1960-1973]. PMID- 1226944 TI - [Studies on the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris with dexamethasone and nandrolone decanoate]. PMID- 1226946 TI - [5-year results with N.C. Petersen's surgical management of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 1226947 TI - [Vitamin A-acid therapy of mollusca contagiosa in Hemophilia A]. PMID- 1226948 TI - [Experimence with mesterolone in male fertility disorders]. PMID- 1226950 TI - [Frequent errors in laboratory studies]. PMID- 1226949 TI - [Effect of a cytostatic triple-drug-interval therapy on human germinal epithelium]. PMID- 1226951 TI - [Serum activity of enzymes indicating cholestasis in patients with cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 1226952 TI - [Elimination half-life values of serum enzymes indicating cholestasis]. PMID- 1226953 TI - [Resorption and excretion of facultatively liver-toxic diphenolic "contact" laxatives]. PMID- 1226954 TI - [Biliary clearance and intrahepatic distribution of sucrose and sodium ferrocyanide in cholestasis due to ethinyl estradiol]. PMID- 1226955 TI - [Fat tolerance and post-heparin lipases in patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 1226956 TI - [Homo- and heterozygotic differentiation in Wilson's disease]. PMID- 1226957 TI - [Angiotensinogen synthesis rate of the isolation-perfused rat liver in experimental liver damage]. PMID- 1226958 TI - [Effect of acute uremia on the amino acid metabolism of the liver]. PMID- 1226959 TI - [Liver necrosis as a result of endotoxinemia in the rat with portocaval shunt]. PMID- 1226960 TI - [Contamination and manifestation rate of hepatitis B in a dialysis unit]. PMID- 1226961 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative radioimmunologic determination of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen in hospital personnel]. PMID- 1226962 TI - [Contact hepatitis--comparison of hepatitis A and B]. PMID- 1226963 TI - [Anti-HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis with a severe disease course]. PMID- 1226964 TI - [Excretion of hepatitis B antigen in the saliva and urine during acute type-B virus hepatitis]. PMID- 1226965 TI - [Prospective study on hepatitis B antigen-(HBsAg)-positive, healthy blood donors]. PMID- 1226966 TI - [Does anti-HBs protect against post-transfusion hepatitis?]. PMID- 1226967 TI - [HBsAg and anti-HBs in chronic, inflammatory liver diseases]. PMID- 1226969 TI - [Cellular immune reaction in acute and chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 1226968 TI - [HL-A and immune reaction against Australia antigen (HBs-Ag)]. PMID- 1226970 TI - [Spontaneous and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in acute virus hepatitis]. PMID- 1226971 TI - [Partial immunodeficiency and increased hepatitis risk in massive transfusions and extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1226972 TI - [Detection of IgG in isolated hepatocytes in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1226973 TI - [Immunological determination of aldolase isoenzyme in liver diseases]. PMID- 1226974 TI - [Mesenchyma-suppressing therapy of chronically active hepatitis using D penicillamine]. PMID- 1226975 TI - [Incidence and diagnosis of sarcoidosis in outpatients]. PMID- 1226976 TI - [Reduction of cerebral glucose oxidation: a survival mechanism during fasting]. PMID- 1226977 TI - [Conversion of insulin secretion under isocaloric high-carbohydrate or high-fat reducing diets during weight reduction in adipose patients]. PMID- 1226978 TI - [Behavior of ketone bodies, blood lipids and of various laboratory-chemistry parameters during isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat reducing diets]. PMID- 1226979 TI - [Therapy of adiposity using reduced-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate isocaloric formula diets (comparative studies)]. PMID- 1226980 TI - [Transport of free fatty acids and energy metabolism during hypo- and hypercaloric formula diets]. PMID- 1226981 TI - [Experiences with the ambulatory zero diet in 111 patients]. PMID- 1226983 TI - [Gas chromatographic analysis of blood lipoproteins during treatment with a diet high in fat and protein]. PMID- 1226982 TI - [Effect of various sugars on carbohydrate and lipid-metabolism parameters in normal and overweight patients]. PMID- 1226984 TI - [Effect of a diet high in fat and protein and low in carbohydrates on the feeling of satiation, lipoproteins, uric acid and insulin in the blood of children]. PMID- 1226985 TI - [Triglyceride metabolism in healthy subjects and patients with hyperlipemia following administration of a standardized high-caloric carbohydrate and fat meal]. PMID- 1226986 TI - [Determination of two triglyceride lipases (TGL) from the post-heparin plasma following selective enzyme antibody precipitation]. PMID- 1226987 TI - [Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) of various vascular sections in man]. PMID- 1226988 TI - [Incidence of hyperlipoproteinemias in childhood]. PMID- 1226989 TI - [Nonspecifically increased antistreptolysin titer in hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 1226990 TI - [Plasma glycosphingolipids in hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 1226991 TI - [Dynamic behavior of lipids and lipoproteins during pregnancy and puerperium with special reference to hormonal influences]. PMID- 1226992 TI - [Effect of intravenous endotoxin injections on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)]. PMID- 1226993 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on alcohol-induced hyperlipoproteinemias and Zieve's syndrome]. PMID- 1226994 TI - [Effect of alcohol on cholesterol metabolism]. PMID- 1226995 TI - [Effect of essential phospholipids (EPL) on plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in vivo and in vitro in the rabbit]. PMID- 1226996 TI - [Determination of uroporphyrinogen I synthase in whole blood--a method for the diagnosis and early recognition of acute intermittent porphyria]. PMID- 1226997 TI - [Effect of thiopurinol on renal uric acid and oxypurine excretion in man under modified formula diet with a constant purine content]. PMID- 1226998 TI - [Partial neutralization of allopurinol-induced orotaciduria through ribonucleotides]. PMID- 1226999 TI - [Free amino acids in the blood serum of healthy subjects and patients with arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1227000 TI - [Studies on juvenile diabetics, adjustment control during constant and variable insulin dosage with and without addition of dimethylbiguanide]. PMID- 1227001 TI - [Glucose tolerance, insulin and lipids in adipose patients following one week of fenfluramine administration]. PMID- 1227002 TI - [Glucose metabolism during steroid and biguanide therapy using tritiated glucose]. PMID- 1227003 TI - [Peripheral proinsulin level in the hyperinsulinism of obese subjects]. PMID- 1227004 TI - [Effect of work on the carbohydrate metabolism of muscles in diabetes]. PMID- 1227005 TI - [Insulin, proinsulin and c-peptide in serum of induced hypoglycemia]. PMID- 1227006 TI - [Diagnostic relevance of 3-hour blood glucose value and serum insulin concentration in the oral glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 1227007 TI - [Effect of vincristine on glucose assimilation in man]. PMID- 1227008 TI - [Studies on delayed insulin allergy using cell-migration-inhibition technics in diabetics]. PMID- 1227009 TI - [Differential diagnosis of renal glusosuria]. PMID- 1227010 TI - [Simultaneous diagnosis of anterior pituitary function in diseases of the diencephalo-hypophyseal system]. PMID- 1227011 TI - [Pre- and postoperative examination of the functional reserve in partial function of the anterior hypophysis in hypophyseal tumors]. PMID- 1227012 TI - [Inhibition of endotoxin-, hyperthermia- as well as arginine-induced growth hormone secretion due to somatostatin in healthy subjects and insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 1227013 TI - [Aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism]. PMID- 1227014 TI - [Experiences with lateral diagnosis of adrenal cortex adenomas in primary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 1227015 TI - [Renin-angiotensin and aldosterone system during carbenoxolone-induced escape phenomenon]. PMID- 1227016 TI - [Therapy of Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 1227017 TI - [Evaluation of the circadian cortisol rhythm using a three-point daily profile of plasma cortisol]. PMID- 1227018 TI - [Diagnostic value of plasma catecholamine determination in primary adrenal cortex insufficiency]. PMID- 1227019 TI - [Liver cirrhosis and plasma hormone concentration in the male]. PMID- 1227020 TI - [Endocrinological results in a patient with testicular feminization (karyotype 46, XY) with special reference to basal and HCG-stimulated serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations]. PMID- 1227021 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of thyreotoxic crisis]. PMID- 1227022 TI - [Significance of thyroid gland stimulating factors (LATS and LATS-protector) for the disease course of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 1227023 TI - [Displacement of thyroid hormones from the link of serum proteins and heart mitochondria through drugs]. PMID- 1227024 TI - [Value of various metabolic parameters in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 1227025 TI - [Selective parathyroid hormone determination for the localization diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 1227026 TI - [RNA-tumor-virus-like particles in human melanomas with specific relationship to a melanoma virus in mice]. PMID- 1227027 TI - [Experimental studies on the effect of purified phytohemagglutinin on melanoma growth in mice]. PMID- 1227028 TI - [Incidence of class D and E immunoglobulins in malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 1227029 TI - [Incidence and prognosis of paraproteinemias]. PMID- 1227030 TI - [Diagnostic problems in IgD-plasmacytoma]. PMID- 1227031 TI - [Immunoglobulin-secretion capacity in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients with Hodgkin's disease, determined in saliva]. PMID- 1227032 TI - [Platelet function in paraproteinemias]. PMID- 1227033 TI - [Genetic disposition and bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 1227034 TI - [Autoregulatory growth inhibition in experimental tumors]. PMID- 1227035 TI - [Experimental and clinical findings on tumor therapy with hyperthermia]. PMID- 1227036 TI - [Tumor therapy using polynucleotide dye complexes]. PMID- 1227037 TI - [Alternative program for the treatment of advanced lymphogranulomatosis (LG) following failure of de Vita's classical chemotherapy: The post-MOPP schedule]. PMID- 1227038 TI - [New Chemotherapeutic possibilities in the management of metastasizing testicular teratomas]. PMID- 1227039 TI - [An integrated program for chemotherapy and radiotherapy of inoperable small-cell bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 1227040 TI - [Hemodynamic and contractility effects of tilidine (Valoron)]. PMID- 1227041 TI - [Pharmacologic mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of diazoxide in an acute test]. PMID- 1227042 TI - [Effect of atropine, propafenon and disopyramide on "sino-atrial conduction time" in man]. PMID- 1227043 TI - [Episodical renin secretion during propranolol and pindolol administration in normal subjects]. PMID- 1227044 TI - [Sisomycin--comparative pharmacokinetic studies and clinical experiences with a new aminoglycoside antibiotic]. PMID- 1227045 TI - [Possibilities for errors in the statistical analysis of clinico-pharmacological results]. PMID- 1227046 TI - [Number and type of drug side-effects in a medical clinic]. PMID- 1227047 TI - [Effect of diazepam and phenytoin on penicillin-induced convulsions]. PMID- 1227048 TI - [Drug metabolism during cholestyramine administration in the rat]. PMID- 1227049 TI - [Resorption of digoxin]. PMID- 1227050 TI - [Plasma half life and fading rate of digoxins]. PMID- 1227051 TI - [Comparative studies between serum glycoside concentration and systolic time intervals in healthy subjects following administration of beta-methyldigoxin]. PMID- 1227052 TI - [Biological availability of digoxin in combination drugs]. PMID- 1227053 TI - [Enteral availability and suggested dosages for methyl proscillaridin in decompensated heart patients]. PMID- 1227054 TI - [Erythrocyte electrolytes as parameters of an effective digitalization]. PMID- 1227055 TI - [Influence of rifampicin on the metabolism of digitoxin]. PMID- 1227056 TI - [Influence of rifampicin on the metabolic clearance of galactose and antipyrine as compared with hexobarbital]. PMID- 1227057 TI - [Effect of food ingestion and distribution on the resorption of tolbutamide]. PMID- 1227058 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of amobarbital]. PMID- 1227059 TI - [Programmed ECG-course]. PMID- 1227060 TI - [Spectrum analysis of first and second heart sounds]. PMID- 1227061 TI - [The modular laboratory computer system Giessen]. PMID- 1227062 TI - [Round-table discussion: Sense and nonsense of the significance test]. PMID- 1227063 TI - [Attitude to health and preventive medicine]. PMID- 1227064 TI - [Blood pressure and clinico-chemical findings in 11,471 outpatients]. PMID- 1227065 TI - [Studies on the epidemiology of juvenile hypertension in Cologne]. PMID- 1227066 TI - [Angiographic findings in peripheral arterial occlusive diseases of the legs in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia and other risk factors]. PMID- 1227067 TI - [Results of a multiphasic screening test]. PMID- 1227068 TI - [Incidence of bland struma in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1227069 TI - [Incidence distribution of the so-called risk factors among ovulation inhibitors]. PMID- 1227070 TI - [Interactional tendency in psychosomatic thinking]. PMID- 1227071 TI - [Working hypotheses of clinical psychosomatics]. PMID- 1227072 TI - [Experiences with a ward model for the integration of psychosomatic treatment ideas into internal medicine patient care]. PMID- 1227073 TI - [Function of the hospital round within the scope of internal-psychosomatic patient care]. PMID- 1227074 TI - [Demonstration and interpretation of inter-action processes during medical consultation with a female patient suffering from irritable colon]. PMID- 1227075 TI - [Therapeutic group work in a medical clinic]. PMID- 1227076 TI - [Normocalcemic tetany as a psycho-functional syndrome. Consequences for the medical handling of patients suffering from tetany]. PMID- 1227077 TI - [Interaction analysis in a dialysis unit]. PMID- 1227078 TI - [Psycho-physiologic study on the behavior of hemodynamic circulatory parameters in various task situations prior to and following intravenous administration of propranolol]. PMID- 1227079 TI - [The psychotherapist as a cardiac pacemaker]. PMID- 1227080 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias from the psychosomatic viewpoint]. PMID- 1227081 TI - [Physicians behavior patterns in the treatment of patients with functional disorders--possibilities of an integration-oriented diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 1227082 TI - [Importance of the excess consumption of cooking salt in food in the origin of arterial hypertension (Report I)]. PMID- 1227083 TI - [Gnotobiology in experimental and clinical surgery]. PMID- 1227084 TI - [Relation between coronary blood flow and arterial hypertension (experimentally and in clinical practice)]. PMID- 1227085 TI - [Study of some biologically active substance in patients with meningococcal infections]. PMID- 1227086 TI - [Rehabilitation of World War II disabled operated on at the A. V. Vishnevskii Surgical Institute in connection with blind gunshot wounds of the lungs]. PMID- 1227087 TI - [Medical-biological and genetic study of some populations of the indigenous inhabitants of Siberia in connection with the problem of adaptation. Peculiaritis of the morbidity of 2 groups of the Northern Atai]. PMID- 1227088 TI - [Means of reactivation of the processes of regeneration in the aged organism]. PMID- 1227089 TI - [Mental disorders occurring following extirpation of the larynx and peculiarities of rehabilitative therapy in these patients]. PMID- 1227090 TI - [Antibodies against nucleic acids and their possible role in the development of pathological processes]. PMID- 1227091 TI - [Changes in the anti-tumor resistance of the organism depending upon the period of nonspecific immunologic intervention]. PMID- 1227092 TI - [Amyotrophic leukospongiosis (Miotch's disease)]. PMID- 1227093 TI - [Microecology and immunoglobulins of the digestive secretions and coprofiltrates of humans in normal and pathological states]. PMID- 1227094 TI - [Effect of super-high frequency fields of varying intensity on the balance and metabolism of copper, manganese, molybdenum and nickel in experimental animals]. PMID- 1227095 TI - [Mechanism of the adaptogenic action of ultraviolet radiation]. PMID- 1227096 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet radiation on tolerance of the organism to the action of chemical substances]. PMID- 1227097 TI - [Combined use of ultraviolet radiation for the control of acute respiratory diseases]. PMID- 1227098 TI - [Health aspects of the microbial contamination of reservoirs]. PMID- 1227099 TI - ["Potable water" standard (GOST 2874-73)--new stage in the development of water hygiene]. PMID- 1227100 TI - [Total pulmonary diffusing capacity in healthy school-age children during standard physical exertion]. PMID- 1227101 TI - [Express methods of determining toxicity, MPEL and safety evaluation of chemical compounds in the external environment]. PMID- 1227103 TI - [Changes in modern views on infection and means for improving the effectiveness of treatment]. PMID- 1227102 TI - [Health aspects of the prevention of cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 1227104 TI - [Dysovarian (climacteric) cardiopathy]. PMID- 1227105 TI - [Periodic disease--disease of the leukocytic granules]. PMID- 1227106 TI - [Current aspects of the viral etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1227107 TI - [Delayed-type hypersensitivity and Australia antigen in viral liver diseases]. PMID- 1227108 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and treatment of opisthorchiasis in relation to the effect of exogenous and endogenous factors]. PMID- 1227109 TI - [Tumorous dermatomyositis]. PMID- 1227110 TI - [Lymphocyte metabolism and its relation to the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1227111 TI - [Urinary excretion of IgG immunoglobulins in kidney diseases]. PMID- 1227112 TI - [Enzymochemical characteristics of alcoholic liver in man and experimental animals]. PMID- 1227113 TI - [Role of immunodepressants in the treatment of chronic active (lupoid) hepatitis]. PMID- 1227114 TI - [Pulmonary and alveolar ventilation, gas exchange and pulmonary diffusing capacity in women in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by nephropathy]. PMID- 1227115 TI - [Effect of pulmonectomy in pregnant rats on the state of gas exchange in their progeny]. PMID- 1227116 TI - [Role of disorders of intermediate metabolism in the pathogenesis of certain dermatoses in children]. PMID- 1227117 TI - [Pathogenesis of the urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome]. PMID- 1227118 TI - [Problems of organization of health education of patients for the prevention of mycoses]. PMID- 1227119 TI - [Use of prodigiosin in the inhalation therapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 1227120 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of staphylococci isolated from patients with chronic pyoderma]. PMID- 1227122 TI - [Rare case of congenital ichthyosis]. PMID- 1227121 TI - [Certain indicators of immunity and allergy in exudative erythema multiforme]. PMID- 1227123 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 1227124 TI - [Results of the study of sensitivity to histoplasmin of the population of different climatic zones of USSR]. PMID- 1227125 TI - [Pathomorphology of chronic deep pyoderma]. PMID- 1227126 TI - [Pathogenesis of hemodynamic disorders in the vessels of the nasal mucosa in various forms of rhinitis]. PMID- 1227127 TI - [Influence of endonasal corticosteroid therapy on the level of histamine in the blood of patients with vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 1227128 TI - [Intravenous novocaine anesthesia in otorhinolaryngologic tumor operations]. PMID- 1227129 TI - [Treatment with pyrogenol of perceptive disorders of olfaction]. PMID- 1227131 TI - [Some results of the scientific and practical development of otolaryngology in the Ukraine]. PMID- 1227130 TI - [Vascular reactions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in adenoids]. PMID- 1227132 TI - [Thermistor thermometry of the walls of the maxillary sinus in the diagnosis of sinusitis]. PMID- 1227134 TI - [Cellular structure of tissue of the palatine tonsils cultivated in vitro]. PMID- 1227133 TI - [Morphohistochemical study of the cartilage of the larynx following laser irradiation]. PMID- 1227135 TI - [Tracheostomy and prolonged nasotracheal intubation in the treatment of severe forms of acute laryngotracheobronchitis]. PMID- 1227136 TI - [Influence of chronic tonsillitis on the course of congenital lateral cysts and fistulas of the neck and the tactics of surgical treatment]. PMID- 1227137 TI - [Use of halothane anesthesia in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 1227138 TI - [Nonspecific diseases of the otorhinolaryngologic organs in patients with tuberculosis and their treatment]. PMID- 1227139 TI - [Experience in the observation and comparative analysis of the pharyngitis morbidity of workers in a metallurgical plant for the past 25 years]. PMID- 1227140 TI - [Peculiarities of the perception of bone-conducted sound according to data of tonal threshold audiometry in patients with syphilis]. PMID- 1227141 TI - [State of hearing and health in retired miners]. PMID- 1227142 TI - [Traumatic nasal fistulas]. PMID- 1227143 TI - [Treatment of acute rhinitis in children by means of ethonium electroaerosols]. PMID- 1227144 TI - [Use of chlorophilliptum in otorhinolaryngologic diseases of staphylococcal etiology]. PMID- 1227145 TI - [State of the function of external respiration and of pulmonary gas exchange in patients with nasal pathology causing difficulty in nasal breathing]. PMID- 1227146 TI - [Effectiveness of dispensary treatment of patients with chronic otitis]. PMID- 1227147 TI - [Carbuncle of the nose complicated by thrombosis of the cavernous sinus with a favorable outcome]. PMID- 1227148 TI - [Removal of a sewing needle from the soft tissues of the posterior wall of the pharynx]. PMID- 1227150 TI - [Anomalous styloid process]. PMID- 1227149 TI - [2 cases of prolonged undiagnosed complications of congenital parotid fistulas]. PMID- 1227151 TI - [Allergic reaction to novocaine administration]. PMID- 1227152 TI - [Case of tracheostomy in carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 1227153 TI - [Case of actinomycosis of the nose]. PMID- 1227154 TI - [Case of a stapedial artery in a human]. PMID- 1227155 TI - [Forceps for the insertion of transplants in plastic surgery of the nose]. PMID- 1227156 TI - [Method of study of the functional properties of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring in normal and pathologic states]. PMID- 1227157 TI - [Intubation method for artificial respiration in experimental animals]. PMID- 1227158 TI - [Funnel for endo-aural electrophoresis]. PMID- 1227159 TI - [Device for sound manometry of the auditory tube]. PMID- 1227160 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of tuberculous contamination in bacteriology laboratories. Results of a survey on 23 laboratories]. AB - The authors have carried out a survey of 23 bacteriology laboratories to investigate tuberculous contaminations which took place from 1967 to 1972 in these laboratories. They have reviewed 20 accidents in 74 technicians who performs searches for tuberculous bacilli, and 29 accidents in the total amount of 379 technicians working in these 23 laboratories. A comparison of these results with the previous published investigations shows a rather high number of cases reported in our country. A review of the possible causes of contaminations leads to suspect bacterial aerosols and to put forward the use of laminar flow enclosures as a prevention. The authors have tested several vertical flow instruments built to different patterns. All three convenient enclosures have an architectural characteristic: their blowing ceiling overhangs the working plane. As these instruments have been under examination for three years in a laboratory where contaminations are very likely to happen, they have obtained interesting results. PMID- 1227161 TI - [Salmonella isolated in effluents of Herault stations (author's transl)]. AB - Investigation for Salmonella in the effluents of 97 purification plants has underlined the importance of Salmonella endemy in the county of Herault before and during the summer. The existing systems of purification do not eliminate sufficient pathogenic bacteria from waste waters. PMID- 1227162 TI - [Salmonella isolated in water supplies (author's transl)]. AB - Salmonella were identified eleven times in 2128 samples of treated and untreated drinking water, by straightforward identification of lactose-negative bacteria on filtrating membranes normally used for colimetry. Counting of faecal E. coli, Coliforms and Streptococci revealed that nine of these water samples were nonetheless up to bacterial standards for drinking water. PMID- 1227163 TI - [On the occurrence of fatty acids in animal fats. 1st communication (author's transl)]. AB - The fats of a number of organs, and of sausages made from these organs, were examined regarding their composition of fatty acids. The main emphasis was placed on determining the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The values were expressed as "arachidonic acid equivalents", on the effects of lowering the level of lipids in the blood. In the tested organs the fat contained 9-19% arachidonic acid equivalent. In the sausages that fat contained 5.9-8.9% arachidonic acid equivalent (i.e. 2.1-2.5 g arachidonic acid equivalent per 100 g of sausage). High contents of arachidonic acid were found particularly in fat from livers. PMID- 1227164 TI - [Investigations on the influence of insecticides on autoxidation processes. X. Formation of peroxides from octadecenic acid methylester in the presence of water and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (author's transl)]. AB - According to the range DDT less than DDE less than heptachlor less than heptachlorepoxide, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides promote the formation of peroxides from cis- and trans-9-octadecenic acid methylesters within the lipid and the water phase of the investigated model system. Compared with DDT and heptachlor the metabolites DDE and heptachlorepoxide proof as more efficient prooxidants; this may be explained by their higher reactivity. According with these observations the amount of insecticides, especially of heptachlor and heptachlorepoxide, that can be extracted from the model system with petroleumether after 72 hrs of autoxidation is markedly diminished. From that it is concluded, that in the investigated lipid-water-system the insecticides not only have a catalytic effect, but also are in part immediately involved in the formation of peroxides from 9-octadecenic acid methyl ester. PMID- 1227165 TI - [Investigations on the influence of insecticides on autoxidation processes. XI. Formation of secondary metabolites from octadecenic acid methyl ester in the presence of water and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (author's transl)]. AB - For determining the influence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides on the formation of secondary metabolites from peroxidized 9-octadecenic acid methylester by autoxidation within 72 hrs, substances reacting with phosphomolybdanic acid have been separated by TLC. Furthermore the increase of metabolites containing carbonyl groups and the variation of the ratio of polar to unpolar OH-groups in the metabolites have been determined by IR spectrophotometry. All results proved, that the trans-9-octedecenic acid ester is autoxidized more rapidly than the cis-ester. Moreover the insecticides principally favour the formation of secondary metabolites from the lipidperoxide. This effect increases in the range DDT, DDE, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide. If the increase of metabolites with carbonyl groups is chosen as a measure for the prooxidative effect, the effect appears equally high for the cis- and the trans ester. But the hydroxyl index is changed depending on the kind of the insecticide added and the steric configuration of the lipid. PMID- 1227166 TI - Interactions of malonaldehyde with collagen. IV. localisation of malonaldehyde binding site in collagen molecule. AB - The amino acid sequences were determined of three peptide fragments, isolated from a pronase digest of collagen modified by malonaldehyde. The hypothesis was confirmed that lysine, and not tyrosine residues, participate in the formation of crosslinkages. PMID- 1227167 TI - Determination of chloramine T in dairy products. AB - A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of traces of chloramine T (Activin, Halamid) in dairy products. Proteins are removed and the hydrolysis product toluene-4-sulphonamide is extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue is oxidized with an alkaline potassium permanganate solution. The oxidized product is isolated by ether extraction and the residue is subjected to reduction with Raney Nickel catalyst in a sodium hydroxide solution. The sulphonamide group is split off and the benzoic acid thus formed is subjected to a gas chromatographic analysis. PMID- 1227168 TI - [Lead-content of foodstuffs. 3. Lead intake from total daily diets (author's transl)]. AB - The lead contents in the total daily diets of four adults were determined over a period of one week. On average, the weekly intake was found to be 0,85 mg Pb per person. This value is less than one third of the "provisional tolerable weekly intake" of 3 mg Pb, as recommended by the FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. The average weekly intake of lead per kg body-weight was found to be 11,8 mug Pb. PMID- 1227169 TI - [Activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the serum and bones of zinc-deficient and zinc-replenished cows]. AB - In a study with five lactating dairy cows fed a semisynthetic diet, the changes in the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the serum, bones and milk were investigated in response to dietary depletion and repletion of zinc. During a six week depletion period (6 mg Zn/kg dry matter) the alkaline phosphatase in the serum decreased to only 82% of its initial level which, however, was reduced already due to a low zinc intake before the start of the study. After 19 weeks of depletion the activity had decreased to 43% of its initial level. Additions of zinc during the repletion increased the activity very clearly and to much higher values than the ones at the start of the study. Thus this effect of repletion was as large as that for the zinc content in serum and milk. The serum alkaline phosphatase indicated a dependence on the performance and represents a sensitive indicator of the zinc status. The activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the bones (Tuber coxae) decreased to 68% of its initial level after six weeks of zinc depletion. The alkaline phosphatase in the milk was not influenced by the zinc supply. PMID- 1227170 TI - [Influence of chromium as a trace element on the hormonal regulation in the rat. 2. Physiological function of chromium in carbohydrate metabolism]. AB - Young growing rats were fed additional doses of Cr-III-acetate to a balanced basic diet. The investigations of Cr metabolism indicated: 1. Rats supplied with sufficient Cr as well as those on Cr-poor diet showed the same level of blood glucose. With the Cr-poor group however a significantly smaller glycogen depot in the liver was obtained. 2. After a starving period the hypoglycaemic status of Cr supplied rats was significantly lower than that of the Cr-depleted controls. 3. Adequate charge of adrenalin to hypoglycaemic rats showed a rise of blood glucose to the same physiological level with both Cr-supplied groups and control groups. Adding adrenalin the level of blood glucose of Cr-supplied rats decreased significantly higher than that of the controls. 4. With rats, being made hypoglycaemic by a starving period and than fed higher doses of glucose up to a slight hyperglycaemia, supplementation of sulfonylurea decreased the level of blood glucose more with the Cr-supplied groups than with the control groups. The experiments proved that adequate feeding of Cr to rats led to a higher level of bound insulin in the blood. The depot of insulin is easier mobilizable. It may be assumed that Cr acts as a insulin activator. However it seems more likely to consider other effects of Cr probably as activator to the permeability of cell membranes which as well may explain the higher glycogen depot of Cr supplied animals. PMID- 1227171 TI - [Influence of the quality and quantity of feed components on digestion, the digestive energy of feed and the required nitrogen feed uptake in the adult rat]. AB - In this study performed with 14 different food mixtures, the qualitative and quantitative effect of the food components on the digestive energy yealds, and the required nitrogen food comsumption, was investigated on the adult rat. The apparent complete digestion of a food with semi-synthetic components is app. 23% higher than by natural components of the standard food. An increased raw-fibre content of 3-4% decreased the entire digestion of the semi-synthetic components app. 5%. Further observations indicated that an increase in protein digestion as well as general digestive activities were directly related to an increased quantity of semi-synthetic proteins (soya protein, casein). It was however noted that although a high amino acid value was present (92,2%-85,3%), a considerably lower value existed for the protein digestibility of natural components (73,1%). From the calculated daily requirements of 1,5 gN/kg (body weight) of digestible protein, it was established, through investigation on the relationship between the "volume of food consumed in order to satisfy the protein requirement" and the protein content of the ration, that there is a direct dependence between the volume of food consumed and its protein content. In addition a dependence exists between the protein content of the ration and the energy consumed. This relationship between the quantity and the quality of the dependent components and the required essential nutrients have been discussed. PMID- 1227172 TI - [Urinary calculi in paraplegia]. PMID- 1227173 TI - [Cystic dysplasia of the kidney]. PMID- 1227174 TI - [Polycystic kidney degeneration]. PMID- 1227175 TI - [Post-traumatic renal changes following facultative conservative management]. PMID- 1227176 TI - [Retroperitoneal ureter-ureter anastomosis (transureteroureterostomy)]. PMID- 1227177 TI - [The clinical picture of acute abdomen in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1227178 TI - [Acute renal failure in neomycin-treated pancreatitis patients]. PMID- 1227179 TI - [Review of 15 years of hemodialysis management in acute renal failure]. PMID- 1227180 TI - [Determination of glomerular filtration through the determination of urinary volume at a specific weight of 1001]. PMID- 1227181 TI - [Improvement of Collins' perfusion solution]. PMID- 1227182 TI - [Current status of the problem of Balkan nephropathy]. PMID- 1227183 TI - [Kidney dysfunction in compensated glomerulonephritis and the possibilities of its morphological substantiation]. PMID- 1227184 TI - [The insulin half-life as a kidney function test]. PMID- 1227185 TI - [Pathogenesis of pyelonepritis following prednisone therapy]. PMID- 1227186 TI - [Clinical experience with intravenous depressan ampules]. PMID- 1227187 TI - [Modification of the reaction capacity of chronic uremia patients through hemodialysis]. PMID- 1227188 TI - [Monitoring the nutritional status of dialysis patients using skinfold-thickness measurements]. PMID- 1227190 TI - [Problems in the conservative management of renal insufficiency using a strict protein-deficient diet (potato-egg diet)]. PMID- 1227191 TI - [Interstitial cystitis=autoimmune cyatitis? Interstitial as a participating disease in lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1227189 TI - [Stress electrocardiographic findings in patients under regular hemodialysis]. PMID- 1227192 TI - [Extrarenal kidney calices]. PMID- 1227193 TI - [Report on the 1st Congress of the Society of Scientific Nephrologists of the U.S.S.R]. PMID- 1227195 TI - [Dynamics of physical development of Moscow schoolchildren in the years 1926 1970]. PMID- 1227194 TI - [Renal hypertension]. PMID- 1227196 TI - [Effect of certain socio-hygienic factors on the incidence of perinatal mortality]. PMID- 1227197 TI - [Study of specific functions of women-workers of the Sverdlovsk factory of rubber goods]. PMID- 1227198 TI - [Development of surgical service in the Tambov district]. PMID- 1227199 TI - [Training and specialization of public health physicians in environmental health]. PMID- 1227200 TI - [Certain factors affecting morbidity with temporary disability among the crew of the merchant navy]. PMID- 1227201 TI - [Trauma among agricultural workers in the Yaran region of the Kirov district]. PMID- 1227203 TI - [Industrial safety for juveniles at mobile working sites]. PMID- 1227202 TI - [Farewell to the "Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Arbeitsschutz"]. PMID- 1227204 TI - [Preventive check ups for subjects exposed to cadmium]. PMID- 1227206 TI - [Fire prevention through a self-closing cabinet]. PMID- 1227205 TI - [Evaluation of the effectivenss of personal protective devices at working sites with high concentrations of mercury vapors]. PMID- 1227208 TI - [The East German Congress of Gynecologists, May 27-31, 1974 at Magdeburg--in retrospect]. PMID- 1227207 TI - [Morals in medicine]. PMID- 1227209 TI - [Immunologic studies in relation to cryotherapy of gynecologic diseases]. AB - The interesting nexus of problems related to the behaviour of the T-cell effected immunity situation of patients treated by means of cryosurgery and operations, was commenced by examinations of 118 women in regard of the transformability of lymphocytes. By the help of swab-preparations and especially of the PHA stimulated lymphocyte transformation test, patients have been controlled in regard of vulva carcinoma, cervix carcinoma, condyloma, kraurosis vulvae and other portio findings being in need for medical attendence. Though the results are not to be regarded without reserve, the cryotherapy seems to improve the T cell effected immunity situation in some of the patients suffering from vulva carcinoma. Up to now, the controls have also shown that they may reveal prognostic suggestions in certain cases. PMID- 1227210 TI - [Radioimmunologic studies on serum gonadotropic hormones during oral contraception]. AB - In 10 women serum FSH- and LH-concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were measured daily throughout a complete cycle. 2 patients exhibited untreated biphasic menstrual cycles. 2 women were under the treatment of a combined estrogen - progestagen preparation, 1 woman was taking a sequential preparation, and 5 patients were treated with a weekly dose of a recently developed depot - estrogen (ethinylestradiolsulfonate). While the untreated women showed typical serum FSH and LH-patterns characteristic of the biphasic menstrual cycle, patients on combined therapy were found to have a continuous low FSH- and LH-level except in the postmenstrual phase of the cycle, in which the values were slightly elevated. Serum-FSH-concentration in the woman on the sequential preparation remained constant throughout the treatment peroid, while serum LH-pattern showed multiple peaks. In the same manner, serum LH-patterns in women on the weekly depot- estrogen regimen were characterized by nearly regularly appearing LH-peaks, which seemed to be correlated with the estrogen intake. The cause and clinical significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1227211 TI - [Therapeutic results in cervix carcinomas during the period 1962-1966]. AB - At the Frauenklinik Finkenau in Hamburg, from 1962 to 1966 a total of 586 women were hospitalised for initial treatment of a carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The results of treatment are compared with those continously published by our clinic since 1946. The absolute 5-year-cure-rate amounted to 59,6%. Stage I was treated by operation, mostly Wertheim, and afterwards, like stages II to IV, with radiation. Cytostatic agents, mostly Trenimon, were applied in addition to initial therapy to about 25% of the patients. Trenimon was also used for recidive therapy. The value of this additional therapy has been published in another study. The observed complications are described in details. Patients with hydronephorsis have recently been reexamined by X-rays. The absolute 5-year-cure rate amounted to 88.4% for stage I, to 65,3% for stage II, to 37,4% for stage III and was 0% for stage IV. The relative 5-year-cure-rate of stage I-patients, treated by Wertheim-operation amounted to 95,2%. PMID- 1227212 TI - [1st lymphogram and lymphographic course monitoring in the surgical management of cervix carcinoma]. AB - The results of pre-lymphographic examinations and the post-operative control of 503 patients with cervix-cancers will be evaluated. In order to justify the lymphographic results, the histological results of 353 cases of examined patients could be analysed. Agreement between lymphographic and histological results amount to 75%. As a result of this, the individualized therapy of cervix cancers will be discussed. Thereby, special significance is given to the question of percutane radio-therapy. Only by micro-cancers with normal lymphogram, the lymphadenectomy will be desisted. Otherwise, the modified hysterectomy with vaginal cuff and bilateral lympadenectomy will be carried out. In 5% of the examined patients, primarily lumbar metastasis by operable cases could be diagnosed. New lymphnode metastasis appeared in 5% of the operated patients. Important for the individualized therapy is an exact praetherapeutic, especially histological diagnosis through conisation as well as a subtle histological examination of operated material including the exstirpated lymph-node. PMID- 1227213 TI - [Sex behavior of female patients following therapy for cervix carcinomas]. AB - Report about behaviour in sexuality of 201 patients after treatment of carcinoma cervicis at the Department of Gynecology of Karl-Marx-University Leipzig in 1965 to 1966. The data of interest were sexual behavior 2 years before treatment and that 5 years after. The informations were got by direct interrogation and with the help of a standardized form. PMID- 1227214 TI - [Precanceroses of the cervix uteri--contribution to diagnosis within the scope of pregnancy interruption]. AB - The report deals with the early diagnosis of the carcinoma of the cervix under the aspect of the induced abortion between 1972 and 1974. In 5313 cases of induced abortion, we diagnosed 13 carcinoma of the cervix of the group 0 (0,26%). The medical treatment was carried out by means of conization and hysterectomy, respectively. The significance of the searching for the carcinoma during the pregnancy is mentioned. PMID- 1227215 TI - [Serum FSH and LH levels in women following surgical castration and during hormonal management of menopause symptoms]. AB - Using the radioimmunological method, FSH and LH levels were determined in women immediately after surgical castration and after an elapse of 18 months to two years. A twofold increase in FSH was found already two days after castration, while an increase in LH only after six days. Increased FSH and LH levels were observed as late as after two years when upon the administraion of estrogens and androgens, the feed-back mechanism of the pituitary still plays a role. In women with pronounced menopausal disturbances the FSH and LH levels were followed up after the application of Folivirin and Agofollin-Depot over a period of two weeks. There was a constant decrease in FSH of all women immediately after the injection, while the responses in LH were subject to variation, the decreased LH levels being found in all the women only towards the end of the second week. Folivirin was found more suitable for mastering the menopausal disturbances. PMID- 1227216 TI - [Management of female patients with the Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. AB - The treatment by wedge resection of the ovaries in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome has been considered in 47 cases. The periods were restored to normal in 31 of cases. Ovulation occurred in 19 of cases. Pregnancy was achieved in 15 cases of 39 patients complaining of infertility. The authors discuss the method of wedge resection, the results of therapy, the problems of the recidivation and deal with the oncological, hormonal and psychical follow-up care of the patients. The authors' own principles of treatment are also summed up. PMID- 1227217 TI - [Large chorangioma]. AB - The clinical picture with its fetomaternal complications and the pathological and anatomical condition of a chorioangioma connected with the placental tectorial membrance and measuring 5 cm by 10 cm by 2,5 cm are described. Data in the literature on chorioangiomata are compared with the case described in this paper and discussed in detail. PMID- 1227218 TI - [30-year experience with operated-on and not-operated-on renal dystopy]. AB - One hundred and thirty-eight patients with dystopic kidney were followed-up for 30 years. The operated and non-operated patients were considered separately. The condition manifested itself mostly after the age of 20. Under regular medical control, the condition can be treated by conservative methods. The possibility of an ectopic kidney should be thought of even when complaints are not typical or there are few symptoms. PMID- 1227219 TI - Auto-alloplastic arterial prostheses. AB - Substitution of a resected portion of the aorta by means of auto-alloplastic tubes formed in the omentum was performed in animal experiments. The tubes containing a fibrocollageneous polyester net behaved favourably both functionally and morphologically. The method might find promising application in clinical use. PMID- 1227220 TI - Treatment of gastric, intestinal and hepatic injuries with collagen and adhesive. AB - Gastric, intestinal and hepatic injuries induced in dogs were treated with a collagen preparation and an adhesive. The animals survived the intervention and absorption of the materials applied proceeded parallel to the healing process. PMID- 1227221 TI - [Acute renal failure following para-aminosalicylic-acid therapy]. AB - A case of renal failure due to para-aminosalicylic acid allergy is reported. The need to check renal functions in the case of symptoms indicative to PAS allergy is stressed. PMID- 1227222 TI - [Bacteriological studies in gallbladder and bile duct diseases]. AB - In 373 hospitalized patients with bacteriologically positive bile samples, the aetiology was clarified by laboratory methods in 80% of clinically verified gallbladder and biliary duct infections and in 15.5% of diseases related to the biliary duct. The relationship between anacidity and biliary duct infection and the high incidence of biliary duct infections at advanced age are pointed out. About 90% of the cultures yielded intestinal bacteria and in more than 50% of the bile samples, E. coli was present. PMID- 1227223 TI - [Antibiotic management of bacterial bile-duct and gallbladder infections]. AB - The sensitivity to antibiotics of the various bacterium strains has been studied in the bile samples of 373 patients with gallbladder and/or biliary duct infection and the clinical effect of antibiotic therapy applied to 325 instances was recorded. The antibiograms suggested an increased resistance mainly of the intestinal bacteria isolated from the bile samples. An increase in the ratio of polyresistant strains was observed. Gentamycin, neomycin, polymixin and kanamycin were the most potent in vitro. Parenterally administered chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline acted favourable in most cases of biliary infection. This therapy was successful even against pathogens resistant in vitro to chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline. The higher efficacy of aimed antibiotic therapy compared to randomly applied treatment is stressed and confirmed by numerical data. PMID- 1227224 TI - Acute renal failure caused by leptospirosis. AB - Three patients with severe leptospirosis leading to anuria and treated with haemodialysis are reported. One patient died. The pathomechanism and the underlying pathological and histological changes of the renal failure are discussed. It is stressed that the clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis is often difficult, as other infectious diseases,first of all infectious hepatitis, frequently present the same symptoms. PMID- 1227225 TI - [Evaluation of the left ventricular function in patients with coronary disease by means of atrial pacing]. AB - In 18 patients with coronary artery disease and in 12 control subjects, left ventricular function was studied by means of rapid artial pacing. The results were compared with the cardiac dynamics, as determined by left ventricular dysfunction although the angiograms portrayed normal contractility at rest. It has to be assumed, that abnormal myocardial function was only evident during the pacing stress. On the other hand, if the angiogram showed local hypokinesis, the hemodynamic effect of this slightly abnormal contraction could be determined by atrial pacing. Moreover, rapid atrial pacing often produced myocardial ischemia and anginal pain in patients with coronary heart disease. In these cases the transient "anginal" depression of left ventricular function could be separated from the chronic hypoxic "preanginal" dysfunction. This may be of vale in terms of surgical revascularisation. PMID- 1227226 TI - [Long-term results in pacemaker therapy]. AB - The range of age, life expectancy and problems of functional control in pacemaker patients, are reported. The results demonstrate the dependability of pacemaker treatment, provided that there is an adequate functional control. The life expectancy, in comparison with total population, was found to be similar. PMID- 1227227 TI - [The question of indication for surgery in renovascular hypertension]. AB - 11 of 22 patients with angiographical identified unilateral stenosis of renal artery underwent a reconstruction of vessels. 11 patients were treated according to conservative methods. To achieve a prognosis, we compared pressure gradient and methods based on determination of plasma renin activity (PRA) including the difference of concentration of PRA in both renal veins as well the relationship between the concentration in the renal veins and peripheral blood and the suppression of the renin secretion in the undamaged kidney. In cases when all prognostic criteria were in positive accordance, operation was successful (7 cases). When there was no accordance, we noticed a correlation between pressure gradient and surgical success in 3 cases and predicaments based on PRA and success in 2 cases. Pressure gradient is pointed out as important parameter, 3 of non operated patients showed a progression of this disease. PMID- 1227228 TI - Anatomy and medicine. PMID- 1227229 TI - Heterotopic thyroid follicles in the accessory mesonephric lobes of Heteropneutes fossilis (Bloch). AB - The presence of heterotopic thyroid follicles is reported in the accessory mesonephric lobes of Heteropneustes fossilis. They are found rarely and singly, scattered in the substance of these lobes, in the early stages of development; but in the adult organ they occur in groups. There is no regular distribution and proper arrangement of these follicles. They are mainly located in close proximity to blood vessels and are considered to have migrated to their heterotopic positions along them. They show some signs of functional activity in the adult animal. PMID- 1227230 TI - Seasonal histological changes in the ovaries of a mountain stream teleost, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray and Hard). AB - In S. richardsonii, unlike its testis, the whole of the ovary is fertile. The oogonia pass through seven maturation stages to form the ripe ova. The residual oogonia are responsible for the development of the new crop of oogonia. The zonation of the ooplasm reveals that a majority of the oocytes have a darkly stained inner and a lightly stained outer zone. The yolk nucleus probably has some relationship with the process of vitellogenesis. The nucleoli are produced by the division and fragmentation of the nucleolus. Extrusion of nucleoli appears to be associated with the formation of yolk. The formation of yolk globules in the oocyte begins in the periphery of the ooplasm and moves inward till the whole of the ooplasm in impregnated with yolk. As the yolk vesicles are PAS-positive in this fish, they contain mucopolysaccharides. The ovarian cycle can be divided into five stages. The ovary becomes much enlarged and distended in the month of October and delicate and thin in March. The spawning season extends from late October to December and the ovary exhibits asynchronism. PMID- 1227231 TI - Anatomical, neurohistological and histochemical observations on the tongue of Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter). AB - The staining and demonstration of neural elements in relation with other associated structures was most satisfactory at pH 5.2, incubation period 20 h, and temperature 40degreesC. Ganglia of various shape and size were observed on or near the fungiform, filiform and foliate papillae. In the region of the fungiform papillae, a chain of ganglia (parasympathetic) was observed. The nerve cells of these ganglia showed cholinesterase (ChE) activity. The neural networks of the foliate papillae were connected with the neural terminal network and occasionally to the ganglia. The innervation of blood vessels (artery and vein) was profuse. At times ganglia were noticed on the periphery of the artery. Neuromuscular spindle-like structures were noticed occasionally. Dot-like free nerve endings were also observed. The ChE activity was very marked in the muscle fibres lying in the region of the circumvallate papillae but was less marked in the muscle fibres lying in the region of the filiform and fungiform papillae. PMID- 1227232 TI - Neuroglial relationship in experimental central demyelination in rabbits. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in the rabbit, initially showed inflammatory lesions, followed by demyelination. The EAE lesions also exhibited an ascendency in their appearance, i.e. they involved the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum in that order. During the inflammatory stage of EAE, the astrocytes became hypertrophied and the oligodendrocytes were seen to be degenerating. The inflammatory cells included lymphocytes, plasma cells, and gitter cells. When demyelination had set in, there appeared a paucity of oligodendrocytes and a marked astrocytosis in and around the lesions. The relationship of the oligodendrocytes with the maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system is discussed. PMID- 1227233 TI - Significance of the pattern of motor innervation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of cat. AB - Simple and compound forms of motor endings, showing a particular distribution, were found in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the cat. The muscles carrying compound and multiple endings were stained densely black with Sudan black B; while the muscles with simple and single endings showed black and pale fibres. A probable relationship is suggested between the contraction properties and the pattern of motor innervation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the cat. PMID- 1227234 TI - Anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the India goat, Capra aegagrus. AB - The anatomy and neurohistology of the tongue of the Indian goat, Capra aegagrus, have been described. The apex linguae is notched in the centre. The foramen caecum is found to be absent. The sublingua could not be traced. The filiform papillae are the most common and divided into three types: the simple, giant, and true filiform papillae. The true filiform papillae are the most developed of the three types. The foliate papillae are absent. There are 13--14 circumvallate papillae arranged in two rows in a V-shaped pattern. The fungiform papillae are large and could easily be seen with the naked eye. They are scattered over the entire dorsum, being in abundance at the tip. The tongue of the goat is richly innervated. On the dorsum, the lamina propria is innervated by thick nerve fibres. In the fungiform papillae quite a large number of nerve fibres could be seen. The circumvallate papillae are also abundantly provided with nerves. A few ganglion cells are found below the circumvallate papillae. Thick nerve fibres are seen across the numerous glands and their ducts. Muscle fibres and connective tissue are also richly innervated. PMID- 1227235 TI - Identification of sex from tarsal bones. AB - Bone weight as a discriminative factor for identification of sex was studied in tarsal bones (172 calcanei and 164 tali) from the Varanasi region. The DPs for the weight of these bones identified sex correctly in a good percentage of cases, especially from the male bones. The findings suggest weight of tarsal bones as a useful metrical feature for discriminating sexual dimorphism. PMID- 1227236 TI - Evidence for normal cum accessory neurenteric canals in a human fetus. AB - Multiple anomalies, including a vertebral cleft in the cervicothoracic region containing the posterior pharyngeal diverticulum, and duplication of the lower lumbar spine with absence of sacrum and coccyx, are described in a stillborn anencephalic female monster. It is postulated that vertebral division at two levels is evidence of two neurenteric canals, a caudal normal canal and a cranial accessory one. This supports the 'accessory neurenteric canal' theory for vertebral divisions in the cervicothoracic regions. Other associated defects, such as exomphalos, ectopia vesicae and craniorhachischisis, are correlated with the presence of a single umbilical artery. PMID- 1227237 TI - The articular disc of the hand. AB - The carpal articular disc have been studied in serial sectioned embryonal and fetal hands. It can be concluded that the articular disc is an extensive fibrous system that comes from the ulnar edge of the distal end of the radius and reaches, bordered by the deep layer of the antebrachial fascia, the base of metacarpal V. In this course, insertions take place into the ulnar aspect of the head of the ulna, into the ulnar styloid process and into the ulnar carpals. Emphasis has been laid upon the fact that the sheath of the m. extensor carpi ulnaris tendon is part of the fibrous system of the disc. The positions of the dorsal tendons seen with respect to the fascial implicate a mutual shift during pronation and supination of the hand. The relations between the so-called ligamentum subcruentum and prestyloid recess have been established, the presence of cartilaginous primordia in the developing dis has been discussed. We come to the conclusion that the evidence for drawing a parallel between phylogenetic and human embryological phenomena is still insufficient. In this connection we have stressed the modus of development of the pisotriquetral joint space. PMID- 1227238 TI - Histochemical investigations on the symphysis menti in the human fetus related to fetal skeletal maturation in the hand and foot. AB - Histochemical investigations on the symphysis menti region were performed on 72 human embryos and fetuses of crown-rump lengths (CRL) ranging from 16 to 162 mm, presenting skeletal maturity indices (CNO = composite number of ossified bones in the hand and foot) ranging from 0-0 to 19-11. The symphysis menti region is described in five developmental stages according to morphology and histochemical reactions at the interzone, enchondral bone formation, and Meckel's cartilage. The stages are described according to histochemical reactions for glycosaminoglucuronoglycans, collagen, glycogen, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and non-specific AS esterase. Silver impregnation followed by X-ray and histochemical control for Ca++ deposits supplemented the study. Special attention was paid to a fusion of the bilateral Meckel's cartilages in the midline characteristic of stage II. This is a finding not previously recorded in human fetuses. It is suggested to designate this fusion 'the rostral connection'. Histochemically, the fusion appeared as ordinary cartilage matrix (chondroitin-4- and/or-6-sulphate). The absence of a rostral connection characteristic of stage III is discussed. On the basis of reactions for glycosaminoglycans and activity of hydrolytic enzymes, the symphysis is characterized as a growth zone, active in mandibular growth in width as well as in length, during the first half of the prenatal period. The material available did not justify a description of skeletal development in the symphysis menti as a function of CRL, of skeletal maturation in the hand and foot, or as a function of a combination of these parameters. PMID- 1227239 TI - Influence of the hypophysis on mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - Hypophysectomy significantly decreased the capacity to synthesize protein by isolated liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria. Total hypophyseal extract, growth hormone or thyroxine administered to the whole animal in adequate doses prior to sacrifice enhanced protein synthesis to values similar or higher to those of the control, especially in the case of thyroxine. PMID- 1227241 TI - Effect of beta adrenergic blockade on surviving to acute hypoxia in mice. AB - A significant protection against the lethal effects of hypobaric and isobaric hypoxia is observed in mice treated with propranolol. Previous acclimatization to chronic hypoxia does not introduce variations on this protective effect of the beta adrenergic blocking drugs. Similar effects were found using histotoxic anoxia provoked by sodium azide administration. A significative reduction of body temperature is observed under the effects of the blockaders. These findings suggest a reduced need of oxygen in the treated animals. Neutralization of the effects of epinephrine released as a consequence of the hypoxic stress is proposed as the protection mechanism. PMID- 1227242 TI - The effects of noise upon the electrical activity of the cat cortex. AB - Short periods of high intensity noise (100 db) were applied to cats under barbiturate or chloralose anesthesia and to some awake animals immobilized with gallamine. In the animals under barbiturate anesthesia, the noise increased the mean frequency of the ECG spindles recorded in the suprasylvian cortex. The cortical evoked responses to somatic and visual stimulation were modified in their late components during the noise periods. These late waves became more apparent and seemed to prolong the duration of those evoked responses. The changes in the cortical evoked responses were observed not only on those of the primary somatosensory and visual areas but also in those of the suprasylvian cortex. PMID- 1227240 TI - Ionic movements in the isolated chicken retina during spreading depression. AB - The effects of adding tetrodotoxin, zinc, tetraethylammonium and manganese ions and the effects of the changes in calcium concentration in the bathing solution were studied upon the initiation and propagation of spreading depression waves elicited in the isolated chicken retina. The spreading depression (SD) was unaffected by tetrodotoxin in the concentrations used to block action potentials on axons. Tetraethylammonium and zinc ions had only a slight effect slowing the rate of propagation, an effect which was relieved by increasing the potassium or the calcium concentration. Zero calcium gave rise to the appearance of spontaneous waves of SD and a late loss of the excitability of the preparation. Low calcium concentrations slowed, and high concentrations increased, the rate of propagation. The late and prolonged increase in light reflectance was diminished under high calcium. Manganese blocked the responses. This blocking effect was antagonized by calcium simply by elevating its concentration above that of manganese. PMID- 1227243 TI - Histological study of the operative zone in dogs with parotid gland grafts in the sella turcica. AB - No remnants of adenohypophyseal tissue were found in 83% of the 70 dogs studied; in 17% of the animals remnants amounting to from 1 to 3% of normal hypophyseal tissue were found. These traces showed significant histological and cytological changes, and were most frequently found located on the floor of the sella turcica at some distance from their usual site. It is doubtful whether these residua have any functional significance, since the hypophysectomized dogs with such remnants had a survival time that corresponded to that of dogs with total hypophysectomy (6 months). The microscopic structure of the fragment of transplanted parotid (salivary gland) presents rich vascularization, changes in cellular distribution and a loss of the excretory duct. A better histological aspect was observed in the transplanted cells of the dogs with longer survival time. An important correlation exists between functional behavior of the operated animals and the histological state of the transplanted parotid tissue. PMID- 1227244 TI - Activity and learning in neonatally hormone treated rats. AB - The degree of activity and the performance in active avoidance learning were determined in adulthood, from neonatal hormone treated and intact rats. The treated groups were androgenized females and castrated males and females. Normal males and females composed the intact groups. Activity was measured in two tests situations, i.e., open field and shuttle box. Similar results were obtained in both tests, and a positive correlation coefficient was found between them. Intact females showed more activity than males; castration and testosterone injection in females decreased their activity. On the contrary, castration in males increased it. The effects of the treatments on the performance in the active avoidance task were similar to those described for activity, with the only exception that castration in males did not produce a significant effect in this test. Nevertheless, no correlation was found between activity and avoidance learning scores. The validity of the classification of different types of behavior as sexual or non-sexual is discussed. PMID- 1227245 TI - The scope and potential of antibiotic conversion by microorganisms. AB - Almost 50 antibiotics have been reported to be modified microbiologically and the changes observed were grouped into 16 types of reactions. Most of the products of the reactions were antibiotically inactive, several have assumed a considerable clinical significance and others are of real or potential economic value. The catalysis in most instances has been effected by whole cells and in a few cases the respective enzymes were isolated, purified and crystallized. PMID- 1227246 TI - Microbial degradation of steroid alkaloids. Effect of nitrogen atom in the side chain on the microbial degradation of steroid alkaloids. AB - The microbial dehydrogenation of steroid alkaloids follows the dehydrogenation pattern of steroids until the 3-keto-1,4-diene stage. No side-chain cleavage or degradation of the steroid nucleus is observed. Side-chain cleavage of tomatidine is achieved only by previous induction of side-chain splitting enzymes. PMID- 1227247 TI - Biosynthesis of bacitracin on a protein thiotemplate. AB - The dodecapeptide bacitracin A is the major constitutent of a family of antibacterial peptides produced by Bacillus licheniformis. The non-ribosomal biosynthesis of bacitracin has been studied in cell-free extracts. Bacitracin synthetase has been fractionated on Sephadex G 200 column into two fractions; both fractions were required for bacitracin biosynthesis. On the other hand, on a Sepharose affinity chromatography column, using L-leucine as ligand, three fractions were obtained; all three were required for bacitracin biosynthesis. During bacitracin synthesis, the enzyme components contain a number of thioester bound peptides. The nature of the peptides suggested that the synthesis proceeds towards the C-terminal end of the molecule. It is assumed that by sequential addition of thioester-bound amino acids, bacitracin A could be synthesized on the surface of the enzyme containing phosphopantetheine. PMID- 1227248 TI - The biosynthesis of hydroxynalidixic acid. AB - Analytical methods have been worked out for the study of the human metabolism of nalidixic acid. Under pathological conditions the excretion of its metabolites differed from that observed in healthy volunteers. The cause of these variations was studied on the basis of individual excretion curves. The results showed that human and microbial biotransformations were identical. The possibilites offered by the new methods in drug research are discussed. PMID- 1227249 TI - Microbiological hydroxylation of norethisterone. AB - Hydroxylation of norethisterone by a large number of fungi has been investigated. 1alpha-Hydroxy-, 6beta-hydroxy-, 10beta-hydroxy-, 10beta,11beta-dihydroxy-15alpha and 15beta-hydroxy-derivatives were formed from norethisterone. The microbiological dehydrogenation of 10beta-hydroxy-norethisterone resulting in 10beta,17beta-dihydroxy-17-ethynyl-1,4-estradien-3-one was also observed. The structure of transformation products was established by chemical and spectroscopical methods. PMID- 1227250 TI - Cleavage of cardiac steroid glucosides by pure beta-glucosidase from Aspergillus ventii. AB - Electrophoretically pure beta-glucosidase (beta-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) A3 from Aspergillus wentii was shown to deglucosylate cardiac steroid biosides, triosides and tetraosides with a terminal beta-D-glucoside residue linked to the aglycon sugar in 1 leads to 6 or 1 leads to 4 position. In dependence on the structure and conformation of the aglycon, the deglucosylation rate may vary by six orders of magnitude. PMID- 1227251 TI - Steroid receptors in Streptomyces hydrogenans: isolation and characterization of a high affinity receptor for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. AB - There are different steroid binding receptors in the cytosol of Streptomyces hydrogenans. A high molecular weight component binds 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (17beta-hydroxy-5alphaH-androstan-3-one) with high affinity. Partial purification is achieved by density gradient centrifugation and filtration on Sephadex G-200. 5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone and progesterone compete for the same binding sites on the receptor. Cyproterone and testosterone are not bound. As it is easy to isolate the binding fraction, a simple assay for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone or progesterone in biological samples is available. PMID- 1227252 TI - Variation in the Azotobacter population from several habitats in the botanical garden in Poznan. AB - The abundance of Azotobacter was estimated in the rhizosphere of 13 plant species from four habitats in the Botanical Garden in Poznan. The results have shown that within the particular habitats the plant exerts a pronounced influence on the abundance of Azotobacter. The morphological differences between Azotobacter populations obtained from various habitats confirm the specific effect of the plant on this bacterium. PMID- 1227253 TI - Synthesis of auxins by fungi isolated from the roots of pine seedings (Pinus silvestris L.) and from soil. AB - Synthesis of auxins by fungi grown with and without tryptophan has been studied. 26 out of 30 fungal strains produced detectable amounts of auxins in tryptophan contain media. 18 strains produced but very small amounts of auxins in media without this amino acid. By means of paper chromatography, chromogenic reagents and biotest three active substances could be distinguished. They were found on the chromatograms run with isopropanol, ammonia, water (10:1:1 v/v) at Rf 0.05- 0.2, 0.3--0.5 and 0.8--1.0. Most strains produced active substances with Rf 0.3- 0.5. PMID- 1227254 TI - Degradation of urea by bacteria and algae in mass algal cultures. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the role of bacteria and algae in the degradation of urea in industrial waste waters. The microflora accompanying algae in continuous cultures on waste waters from the nitrogen fertilizers industry was found to include bacteria capable of intensive degradation of urea. Urea hydrolyzing bacteria are with time eliminated from the algal culture. This elimination can be attributed to algal metabolites which inhibit the development of sensitive bacteria. The Chlorella vulgaris strain used in the treatment of wast waters from the nitrogen fertilizers industry did not hydrolyse urea. PMID- 1227256 TI - Effect of the concentration of nitrogen compounds on microbial reduction of sulphates. AB - A change of the N/S ratio in the reaction medium affects the degree of the microbial reduction of sulphates to sulphides (x'). The time interval between the initial and the log phase of the process (t0) also varies, depending on the N/S ratio. It was demonstrated that optimal reduction conditions by the studied strain of Desulfovibrio desulphuricans exist in media of N/S=0.33. PMID- 1227255 TI - The production of extracellular polysaccharides by a hydrocarbon assimilating yeast. AB - Investigations were made on the extracellular polysaccharides production by a hydrocarbon assimilating yeast. The yeast Candida lipolytica was grown on two different media containing n-hexadecane as the sole carbon source. Polymeric materials precipitated from the culture medium with ethanol were determined gravimetrically at various growth periods. The hydrolysis of the precipitated material and their chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of mannose, glucose and galactose in the yeast extract-containing medium. The proportions of these sugars differed at various growth periods. The hydrolysates of the polymers of the yeast extract-free medium contained more xylose than those of the yeast extract containing medium. PMID- 1227257 TI - [Main tasks of the preventive health service for students in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1227258 TI - [Profile of the college and the health status of students]. PMID- 1227259 TI - [Health status of students in technical vocational schools (TVS) under the new teaching conditions]. PMID- 1227260 TI - [Screening as a method of health monitoring of students in Finland]. PMID- 1227261 TI - [Longitudinal examinations as the basis of psychopreventive measures within the scope of student health care]. PMID- 1227263 TI - [Growth trends of college students in Czechoslovakia during 1951-1971]. PMID- 1227262 TI - [Personality studies on students of teacher's colleges with reference to their suitability for this profession]. PMID- 1227264 TI - [Spare time of college students]. PMID- 1227265 TI - [Living conditions od a selected group of college students]. PMID- 1227266 TI - [Studies of illumination as a contribution to the hygienic analysis of living and study conditions in colleges]. PMID- 1227267 TI - [Housing and care for students in student homes in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1227268 TI - [Housing conditions of Erfurt medical students]. PMID- 1227270 TI - [Health education at the Hungarian teacher's colleges]. PMID- 1227269 TI - [Experience in the training of dialectic cadres in university hygiene- demonstrated on the example of the polytechnical college in Warsaw]. PMID- 1227271 TI - [The necessity for health education of students in the light of a poll among dialectic cadres of the polytechnical college in Warsaw]. PMID- 1227272 TI - [Organization and preliminary results in the field of preventive health care for student of the Pavia University]. PMID- 1227273 TI - [Hygiene of living and study conditions of studying women with children]. PMID- 1227274 TI - A contribution to the synovial fluid immunopathology in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies. AB - The role of the autoimmune or autoallergic process in Progressive Chronic Polyarthritis, has been the subject of a great deal of study in the last four decades. In this work, using the synovial fluid of 312 patients suffering Chronic Progressive Polyarthritis and other arthropaties, the immunopathologic aspects of these diseases are studies. The following techniques had been used: 1. Total protein determination 2. Animal immunization. 3. Gel diffusion. 4. Immunoelectrophoresis. 5. Cellogel electrophoresis. 6. Radial immunodiffusion. 7. Absorption. After a systematic discussion of each of the results obtained (comparing these findings with those of other authors) we have arrived to the following conclusions. 1. The great importance of the immunoglobulins' role in the immunization process and their relation with high total protein titres, especially in PCP. 2. The importance of the IgA role in Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Acute Lymphatic Leukemia, behaving in the former as a Rheumatoid Factor with autoantibody nature. 3. An antigenic community between plasma and synovial proteins, and protein fractions. 4. The existence o af synovial "self" protein could not be demonstrated "in vivo". PMID- 1227275 TI - [Quantitative study of immunoglobulins A and G in the salivary secretion of asthmatic patients]. AB - "Quantitative study of IgG and IgA in the saliva of asthmatics." In this paper the data obtained from the quantitative determination of the IgG and IgA contents of saliva in a group of 56 asthmatic patients of different ages and a group of 54 non-asthmatic healthy controls are compared and discussed. The method of Mancini has been used for measuring the contents of IgG and IgM, both in serum and saliva, the correction proposed by Hobbs has been applied to these values. The following findings are reported: 1. The IgG and IgA levels in the saliva of asthmatic patients (both children and adults) showed a trend to an increased dispersion, when compared with the values observed in the corresponding normal healthy controls. 2. In the group of asthmatic children studied, the measurement of the concentration of these immunoglobulins in saliva showed, as a whole, a significative decrease of IgA (p less than 0,001) and an increase of IgG (p less than 0,01). It is not possible, however, from this data to infer any type of correlation between the concentration of IgA or IgG in saliva and etiology or clinical picture. On the other hand, no statistical difference could be demonstrated between the concentration of these immunoglobulins in the saliva of the group of adult asthmatic patients and the corresponding healthy controls. 3. The present data does not support the existence of any correlation between the concentration of these immunoglobulins in saliva and serum in a group of asthmatic patients. It is of interest to point out, however, that the only three adult asthamtic patients with an IgA serum concentration higher than 400 mg/100 ml. show increased IgA levels in saliva. The authors are planning to proceed this study adding in furture cases the measurement of IgE and IgD with the purpose of confirming the difference found between the concentrations of IgA and IgG in the saliva of asthmatic children versus healthy controls, and of looking at the existence of other significant differences or correlations. PMID- 1227276 TI - [Incidence and most frequent age at hospitalization in bronchial asthma]. AB - A revision of all the clinical histories of asthmatic children discharged from our hospital in the period from January 1st until December 31st 1972, is performed. Sex, age and number of hospitalizations are taken into consideration. A total of 650 clinical histories comprised all the parameters established to alizing 1002 admissions. An incidence of 6,9% of all admissions corresponded to asthmatic children being the age group 0 - 4 the most frequently involved, with a total of 490 patients corresponding to 75% of all patients studied. The age group 0 - 4 comprised 763 of the 1002 admissions, corresponding to 76% of all admissions. A male predominance was found corresponding to 50% of all patients. The older age groups presented less incidence of admissions; this may be to a tendency towards less acute symptoms as the children grow older; the homeostatic mechanisms of the child are more mature; a small percentage refused to be hospitalized. The age groups 0 - 4, are considered of high risk, due to severity of symptoms this age group usually presents at the moment of hospitalization. During 1973, a total of 73 defunctions due to asthma bronchitis and emphysema were recorded in children less than 15 years old, out of which 85% corresponded to the age group 0 -4. PMID- 1227277 TI - [Autoantibodies in normal subjects]. PMID- 1227278 TI - Immunological studies in breast cancer. AB - In the present study elevated IgM serum levels have been found in patients with breast cancer who presented sinus histiocytosis and had no node metastases. IgG values were increased in Stage II. This finding further strengthens the view that immunological phenomena play a significant role in the biological behaviour of breast cancer. PMID- 1227279 TI - Evaluation of total IgE in diverse allergosis. Comparative study with other techniques. Part I. AB - Three hundred patients whose ages ranged between 10 and 50 years were studied. They were classified, according to the number of sensitizing allergens, their sensitization frequency, the clinical syndrome diagnosed, and the therapy followed by each one of them. Intracutaneous tests with twenty-nine groups of allergens and the determination of total IgE, were carried out on each of them. A statistical evaluation was performed on the results obtained, for the purpose of proving mathematically the certainty of these values. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: 1) The mean values of IGE found coincide with those discovered by other authors, except in the cases of parasytosis and atopic dermatitis. 2) The expression "mean value of IgE" is incorrect for comparative effects with respect to normal levels, since a great diffusion of individual values with respect to this mean value, were observed in all the circumstances studied. 3) A different reaginic response is noticed in the patients studied: from 50 to 70% presented extremely elevated values of serum IgE. Points 1) and 3) are being submitted to an exhaustive re-examination. PMID- 1227281 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition. The detection of cellular responsiveness and serum 'blocking' factors in malignancy. PMID- 1227280 TI - [Immunological studies on patients with mycosis fungoides]. AB - Recently, much has been published on the immunological status of patients affected with various lymphomas. In the particular case of Mycosis fungoide, there was no general agreement on the immunological status of the corresponding patients. In fact, Lopez Borrasca et al, found severe depression of cellular immunity in such patients. On the contrary, Blaylock and Clendenning found very little change in cellular immunity, but a very high serum-IgA. We want to offer our experience on this problem with the immunological survey of four patients with the Alibert-Bazin-form of Mycosis fungoide. The following tests were performed on each patient: a) Intracutaneous test with candidina, PPD and other bacterial antigens. b) Sensitization to a concentrate solution of dinitrochlorobencene (DNCB). c) Lymphocyte Transformation Test (LTT), with phytohemagglutinin as mitogen. d) Quantitative determination of IgG, IgM, IgA and beta1C, with the radial immunodiffusion technique (Mancini et al.). e) Agar immunoelectrophoresis. The following results were obtained: 1) The cellular immunity was markedly depressed in the four patients when any of a, b or c-test was performed. 2) All the patients showed very high levels of serum IgA, 150% higher than control. The reason for this is unknown. On the contrary, IgG in serum was less elevated and IgM and beta1C serum levels were normal. 3) No monoclonal bands were found in any case (immunoelectrophoresis). 4) No definite conclusions could be reached due to the limited number of cases, but the uniformity of results should encourage to carry this work further. PMID- 1227282 TI - Suggested reduction of permissible exposure to plutonium and other transuranium elements. AB - The historical development of the value of maximum permissible body burden ot 239Pu is presented and present considerations for the revision of this standard are given. Some evidence is presented that the linear hypothesis may not be sufficiently conservative at low dose rates and especially for the actinide elements. Until certain questions are answered about the particle problem, it will not be possible to set a satisfactory maximum permissible body burden for 239Pu based on lung as the critical organ, but in the meantime some studies suggest that the present maximum premissible body burden based on bone should be reduced at least by a factor of 200. PMID- 1227283 TI - Efficiency of dust sampling inlets in calm air. AB - Measurement of airborne dust concentrations usually involves drawing a sample of the dust-laden air into the measuring instrument through an inlet. Even if the surrounding air is calm, theoretical calculations predict that large particles may not be sampled accurately due to the combined effects of gravity and inertia on the particles near the sampling inlet. Tests were conducted to determine the conditions of particle size, inlet radius, and flow rare necessary for accurate dust sampling. A coal-dust aerosol was sampled simultaneously through inlets of different diameters at the same volume flow-rate and collected on filters. The dust was removed from the filters and the particles were counted and sized with a Coulter counter. Results showed that published criteria for inlet conditions for correct sampling are overly restrictive and that respirable-size particles are sampled correctly in the normal range or operation of most dust sampling instruments. PMID- 1227284 TI - Sulfuric acid effect on the deposition of radioactive aerosol in the respiratory tract of guinea pigs. AB - The effect of inhalation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosol on respiratory deposition of radiolabeled streptococcus aerosol was investigated in guinea pigs. A 60 minute exposure to 3020 mugm/m3 H2SO4 (1.8 mum CMD) resulted in a 60% greater total respiratory deposition rate than control animals and a proximal shift in the regional pattern of deposition to the nasopharynx. Dose-response experiments revelaed that a concentration of 30 mugm/m3 H2SO4 (0.25 mum CMD) also induced a proximal shift in the regional pattern of particle deposition but in this instance the shift was to the trachea. The interrelationship between mass concentration of H2SO4 and its particle size to the interpretation of these results is discussed. A hypothesis concerning the relationship of these data to previously reported respiratory physiologic effects of H2SO4 inhalation and to a pathophysiologic mechanism which may underlie effects attributed to sulfur oxides by epidemiologic studies is described. PMID- 1227285 TI - Asbestos emissions from baghouse controlled sources. AB - There is virtually no information published on the absolute efficiency of baghouses in reducing the emmisions of fine particles of asbestos. This lack of information is unfortunate because serious occupational health problems may result from the common practice of recirculating air to conserve energy. Emission testing has been conducted at five asbestos processing plants where the emissions are controlled by baghouses. The results showed that the mass removal efficiency frequently exceeded 99.00%. Membrane filter samples of the effluent were examined by optical and electron microscope. It was observed that despite the high mass efficiency, the number of fibers emitted, which were greater than 1.5 mum in length, was about 10(4)-10(5) fibers/m3, while the number of fibers less than 1.5 mum was 10(7)-10(8) fibers/m3. The significance of the size of the fibers in terms of probably health impact is briefly discussed. PMID- 1227286 TI - Effect of the 2.0 mg/m3 coal mine dust standard on underground environmental dust levels. AB - The 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act established environmental dust standards for underground coal mines. The Act requires that the average concentration of respirable dust in the active workings of a mine be maintained at or below 3.0 mg/m3; and, that effective December 30, 1972, the 3.0 mg/m3 standard be reduced to 2.0 mg/m3. This paper discusses the current status of dust levels in our underground coal mines, the effect of the 2.0 mg/m3 standard on underground dust levels, and associates the current levels with specific operations and occupations. The comparison is made between current levels and those existing prior to December 30, 1972. PMID- 1227287 TI - Temperature regulation training in a cooling environment. AB - Twelve young men were given biofeedback training to enable them to increase finger temperature at will. They were dressed in warm clothing, including gloves, and placed six at a time in an environmental chamber at 7 degrees C for three hours daily for eight work days. Each was to attempt six rewarmings per session. Finger temperature was presented to the subject on a multipoint recorder. Data from 554 attempts were analyzed. A training effect was not noted, but successful rewarmings were present from the start. The 12 subjects varied considerably in ability to rewarm, from 89% to 28% successes. They were divided into the most and least consistent who, nevertheless, remained over 10 degrees C above air temperature. These performances were compared with another group wearing identical, or even much more insulative, handwear under roughly comparable conditions but without voluntary rewarming; the advantage of periodic feedback rewarming to maintain finger temperature in such conditions was obvious. PMID- 1227288 TI - A charcoal sampling method and a gas chromatographic analytical procedure for carbon disulfide. AB - Research is reported concerning an acceptable method for sampling and analyzing samples for carbon disulfide. Test atmospheres of carbon disulfide were generated dynamically using the syringe injection method, ant the theoretical concetnration verified by a liquid absorbent, colorimetric method. The CS2 was adsorbed on charcoal tubes, eluted with benzene, and quantitated with a gas chromatography equipped with a sulfer flame photometric detector. The results compared with the colorimetris analysis. The sensitivity of this method is 1 mug on a charcoal tube. The charcoal tubes were also tested for breakthrough volumes, holding power vs time, and the effect of air transport and temperature cycles. PMID- 1227289 TI - Noise exposure and hearing levels of workers in the sheet metal construction trade. AB - Hearing and noise levels were measured at a jobsite involving sheet metal construction work and at a sheet metal fabrication shop. Noise levels up to 114 dBA (slow response) were measured when various powered hand tools were used. Noise levels exceeded 85 dBA between one-fourth and one-third of the time. Impact noise levels averaged about 120-125 dB peak SPL. Audiometric examinations showed that this group of construction workers had hearing losses, with the majority of the loss occurring in the 3KH(Z) to 6 KH(Z) range. In addition the loss became more severe with increasing age. Temporary threshold shifts were observed both on the jobsite and in the shop after a single eight-hour exposure. PMID- 1227291 TI - On the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of heroin addiction. PMID- 1227290 TI - Absorption, distribution and excretion of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate. AB - Data from a radiotracer study in rabbits and rats to determine the absorption, distribution, and excretion of terephthalic acid (TA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) following oral, intratracheal, dermal and ocular administration indicate the following: (1) a rapid absorption and excretion of 14C-TA and 14C-DMT with no evidence of tissue accumulation in rats following single or repeated oral and intratracheal administration; (2) no evidence of skin irritation in rats after a single or repeated dermal application of 80 mg of 14C-TA or 14C-DMT and no significant skin absorption of 14C-TA; (3) recovery of approximately 11% of a single dose and 13% of five repeated cutaneous doses of 14C-DMT from the urine and feces of rats within 10 days after initial dosing; (4) no significant absorption of 14C-TA when applied to the conjunctival sac of one eye of eight rabbits; (5) excretion of approximately 33% of a single ocular dose (50 mg) of 14C-DMT in the urine and feces of rabbits within 10 days after instillation with no evidence of tissue accumulation or ocular damage. These results suggest that TA and DMT are rapidly absorbed and excreted and that no significant quantities of these compounds accumulate in the tissues following single or repeated oral, intratracheal, dermal, or ocular administration to laboratory animals. PMID- 1227292 TI - Implementing a national study of a new maintenance drug. PMID- 1227293 TI - l-alpha-acetylmethadol and methadone in Buffalo: safety and efficacy. PMID- 1227294 TI - Methadone and l-alpha-acetylmethadol in a treatment program in Brooklyn. PMID- 1227295 TI - LAAM (l-alpha-acetylmethadol) study in St. Louis. PMID- 1227296 TI - Realistic goals for antagonist therapy. PMID- 1227297 TI - Naltrexone pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism: current status. PMID- 1227298 TI - Clinical experience with naltrexone. PMID- 1227299 TI - Antagonist study in St. Louis. PMID- 1227300 TI - The clinical usefulness of narcotic antagonists: preliminary findings on the use of naltrexone. PMID- 1227301 TI - Clinical use of naltrexone (EN 1639 A). Part II: experience with the first 50 patients in a New York City treatment clinic. PMID- 1227302 TI - Patient deaths in a narcotic antagonist (naltrexone) and l-alpha-acetylmethadol program. PMID- 1227303 TI - Naltrexone study guidelines: good vehicle--wrong destination. PMID- 1227304 TI - [Adenoid hypertrophy and radiographic diagnosis]. PMID- 1227305 TI - [Cold allergy manifested in tropical climate]. PMID- 1227306 TI - [Impedancimetry]. PMID- 1227307 TI - [Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the jaws]. PMID- 1227308 TI - [Humoral repercussion of childhood amigdalectomy. Immunoserologic and immunohistologic evaluation]. PMID- 1227309 TI - [Results of systomatic neurootological tests in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1227310 TI - [Preserved and molded tympanic homografts]. PMID- 1227311 TI - [Considerations on the treatment of speech disorders in cerebral palsy]. PMID- 1227312 TI - [Giant mucocele of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 1227313 TI - [Melanoma of the nasal fossa]. PMID- 1227314 TI - [Electrocochleography]. PMID- 1227315 TI - [Vocal cord implant in the recurrent paralysis]. PMID- 1227316 TI - [A clinical case of a fire arm wound (air gun) in the cervical region. Clinical manifestations and treatment]. PMID- 1227317 TI - [Papillary lymphomatous cystadenoma (Warthin's tumor) of the larynx]. PMID- 1227318 TI - [Impedancy and its clinico-surgical correlation]. PMID- 1227319 TI - [Atresia of the choanae]. PMID- 1227320 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of colonic type of the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 1227321 TI - [Embryological study of Jacobson's vomeronasal organ in the rat]. PMID- 1227322 TI - [Histochemical aspects of protein metabolism of Corti's organ in experimental labyrinthotoxia]. PMID- 1227323 TI - [Bekesy's automatic audiometry in patients of advanced age]. PMID- 1227324 TI - [Otorhinolaryngologic emergencies]. PMID- 1227325 TI - [Total laryngectomy in large exterior tumors]. PMID- 1227326 TI - [Technical variations in supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy]. PMID- 1227327 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral facial paralysis caused by Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome]. PMID- 1227329 TI - [Histopathology of cancer of the glottis]. PMID- 1227328 TI - [Histochemistry of glycogen in Corti's organ in relative rest and after sound stimulation]. PMID- 1227330 TI - [Audiopneumomanometry]. PMID- 1227331 TI - [Vestibular sedatives]. PMID- 1227332 TI - [The role of cardiac insufficiency in septic shock. Physiopathologic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 1227334 TI - [Simplified preoperative determinations of hemostasis]. PMID- 1227333 TI - [Latent deficiency of antihemophilic factors]. PMID- 1227335 TI - [Guidelines for the treatment of hemorrhagic complications of disorders of hemostasis]. PMID- 1227336 TI - [Surgical experience in hemophilia. Apropos of 220 operations in 136 hemophiliacs]. PMID- 1227337 TI - [Lessons drawn from about thirty case reports on hemophiliacs supplied by several C.H.U]. PMID- 1227338 TI - [Problems posed by surgery in a hemophiliac with circulating anticoagulants. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 1227339 TI - [Known and unrecognized hemophilia in surgery]. PMID- 1227340 TI - [Study of taeniarhynchosis in 5 districts of the People's Republic of Bulgaria with reference to chemoprophylaxis. Report given during the IVth symposium of the GDR on "Taeniarhynchosis-Cysticercosis" on April 26th, 1974 in Schwerin]. AB - 1968-1972 in five districts of DR Bulgaria 666 persons with Taeniarhynchus saginatus infection were registered, 64% of these tapeworm carriers lived in the country, 36% were townspeople. The incidence of infection in women was twice as high as in man. There were differences in incidence in jobs, 21.6% in farm workers, 20.2% in industrial workers, 13.8% in workers in the tobacco industry, 14.2% in housewives, 12.1% in pulls, 9.2% in office workers and 8.1% in pensioners carried tapeworms. Only 1.4% of animal breeders were infected with T. saginatus. The incidence of infestation increased in relation to the age. - In the Kardschali district, the tobacco farmers with a disease incidence of 34.8% represented a large part of the total incidence in the country. The private keeping of animals is still widespread in the country. The disease incidence increases between the age groups 20-40 years. The reason for the above is people eating increased uncontrolled animals. Individual food preparation habits and ignorance of the source of meat also account for spread of infection of people. As a trial three prophylactic methods were tested to establish a reduction of this disease. PMID- 1227342 TI - [Taeniarhynchosis in the GDR. Data on the incidence during 1966-1973. Report given during the IVth symposium of the GDR on "Taeniarhynchosis-Cysticercosis" on April 26th, 1974 in Schwerin]. AB - In GDR since 1965 infection with Taeniarhynchus saginatus became a notifiable disease. The infection can be transmitted through food but also can infect people directly. The infection can only reach man through officially tested meat and processed meat. Infection of T. saginatus increased from 1966-1973 per 1000 inhabitants from 1.5 to 4.5 in some districts, Magdeburg, Gera, Suhl and Karl Marx-Stadt, in some others even higher. The highest rate of infection was found in persons between 21 and 50 years old. The control of taeniarhynchosis is an urgent problem of public health. Firm medical measures are submitted for discussion. PMID- 1227341 TI - [Observations on the extensity and intensity of cysticercosis in cattle in the Peoples Republic of Poland. Report given during the IVth symposium of the GDR on "Taeniarhynchosis-Cysticercosis" on April 26th, 1974 in Schwerin]. AB - The bladder worm of cattle, Cysticercus bovis is found all over the world with a tendency towards a constant increase in incidence. An account of long term investigation in cattle, older than three months, being carried out in slaughter houses in a variety of towns and districts in Poland. This gradual increase was also observed in a rise from 0.32% to 0.67% in the disease as the average within the country. According to the trend of events of the infection it was possible to distinguish five groups with a variable course of parasitosis. Details are given for the difference of occurrence. Although there is little knowledge of public health intensive measures are taken in many parts of the country to combat this parasite and to ensure the health of the population of the country. PMID- 1227343 TI - [Human taeniarhynchosis in the CSSR. Report given during the IVth symposium of the GDR on "Taeniarhynchosis-Cysticercosis" on April 26th, 1974 in Schwerin]. AB - In the CSSR Taeniarhynchosis is not a notifiable disease. The details of frequency of occurrence of this disease are mainly based on investigations by the government medical laboratories, Prague. The number of persons infected with Taeniarhynchus saginatus increased in the last six years to 1700. Therefore this represents an increase of three times with carriers of tapeworm, as much compared with the results of previous years. The reason for this is not regarded as unsatisfactory veterinary observation by the government but the increase in consumption of raw beef. PMID- 1227344 TI - [Histology of the larval intestinal tract of the goat warble fly Przhevalskiana silenus]. AB - The goat warble fly from Afghanistan studied in the present paper should be named Przhevalskiana silenus (Brauer) (=Crivellia silenus Brauer) according to recent studies (Wetzel 1972). In the present paper the histology of the gut of all three larval stages is described. Pharynx and oesophagus are well developed in L1. There are no important histological differences to L2 and L3. In contrast to L2 and L3 in L1 the mid gut runs down in a straight line without any looping. There is a cell clot in the first stage which is not present in the second and third one. While in L1 the lumen of the gut is filled with a fine astructural mass there are many blood cells to be found in the gut lumen of L2 beside other nutritive substances. The mid gut in this stage shows a clear histological and functional differentiation in three main sections. The cells of the first and third section secernate, while the second section does not possess secernating cells at all. In L3 there is no secretory activity in the first section of the mid gut at any time, while the cells of all the rest of the mid gut show a merocrine secretion. Neither in L2 nor in L3 any of the two types of cells differing in size in the mid gut's (ED2) epithelium ever secernates. In the mid gut of L1 unspecific esterases have been found. In L2 the same enzymes are produced in the same place. In addition proteins are produced in the salivary glands. They obviously get secernated by the second portion of the salivary glands, which are developed in this stage. PMID- 1227345 TI - [Clinical study and surgical treatment of Leriche's syndrome]. PMID- 1227347 TI - [Neurologic complications of axillary arteriography]. PMID- 1227346 TI - [Iatrogenic trauma of the left subclavian artery. Complex surgical treatment]. PMID- 1227348 TI - [Demonstration of isoenzymes of human serum N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases, during pregnancy]. AB - The N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase activity (EC 3.2.1.30) in human serum during pregnancy is increased. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, without sodium dodecyl sulfate-uree, of the total serum allowed after incubation with the N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoyl-O-anisidine) coupled with the diazonium salt of O-amino-azotoluene to localise two zones of enzymatic activity. An electrophoresis of the same samples in exponential gradient polyacrylamide gel, shows 6 to 8 zones of different enzymatic activities. PMID- 1227349 TI - [Determination of the phenotypes of several erythrocytic enzymes by cellulose acetate electrophoresis]. AB - The authors describe simple and rapid separation technics by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, phosphohexose isomerase, lactate dehydrogenase iosenzymes in the red cells. These technics are derived from those of Rattazi et al. for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Sonneborn for 6-phosphogluconate dehycrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase and acid phosphatase. PMID- 1227350 TI - [Automation of fluorometric enzymatic determination of free and total cholesterol. Application to the determination of the esterification rate]. AB - A fluorimetric, authomatical method for determination of free and total cholesterol in serum is described. Cholesterol esters are splitted into free cholesterol and fatty acids by cholesterol esterase. In the presence of oxygen free cholesterol will be transformed by cholesterol oxydase in delta 4 cholestenone with formation of hydrogen peroxyde. Hydrogen peroxyde oxidizes in the presence of catalase inethanol to formaldehyde which gives with ammonium ions and acetylacetone 3-5 diacetyl 1-4 dihydrolutidine measured by fluorimetry. Withour cholesterol esterase, the reaction allows a measurement of free cholesterol in plasma. So the ratio of ester to total cholesterol is determined by the two steps. Accuracy and precision are very good. Results are well correlated with those obtained with reference methods. PMID- 1227351 TI - [Emergency myocardial revascularization with assisted circulation for early extension of infarction]. AB - In order to reduce the oxygen consumption of the myocardium and preserve the areas around the infarction, still alive but undergoing ischemia, 8 patients with early extension of their infarction were placed under circulatory assistance by intra-aortic counter-pulsation. In 8 patients, the pain disappeared and did not recur, permitting left ventriculography and coronary arteriogrpahy. This examination is often considered high risk, but in no patient in our series, during the acute phase of myocardial infarction, were there any complications. 6 patients underwent operation, and aortic counter-pulsation was used during the post-operative period. In all, eight coronary by-pass operations were carried out and, in one case, part of the ventricular wall was resected. All patients are still alive, none have heart failure or residual angina; the follow-up period is now 2 years for the first case. PMID- 1227352 TI - [Prolonged anuria during bacterial endocarditis]. AB - The authors report a case of anuria which lasted 3 months in a patient with sub acute streptoccocal endocarditis. The investigations led to the discovery, at the level of the kidneys, of arterial aneurysms, renal infarction and diffuse endo capillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, with deposits of complement and immunoglobulin and finally, interstitial nephritis, perhaps of metastatic origin, which was probably the lesion responsible for the renal failure. Renal function progressively improved and hemodialysis was stopped at the 6th month after correction of the mitral and aortic valve disease. PMID- 1227353 TI - [Infectious complications of malignant lymphomas. Evaluation of 411 infections observed in 629 patients]. AB - The main clinical and paraclinical characteristics of 411 infections which occured in 629 patients with malignant lymphoma, treated between 1960 and 1973, are reported here. The theoretical interest of such cases is emphasized, they permit one to contrast Hodgkin's disease with other forms of lymphoma in view of the very marked paraneoplastic immune deficiency in the first group. The practical, diagnostic and therpeutic problems raised are exceptionally difficult and may become even more simple with more efficacious anticancer therapy which, curing more regularly patients from their blood disease, avoids the factors which favour these infections. PMID- 1227354 TI - [Primary cancer of the liver and HB antigen (Australia antigen) Epidemiology and genetic studies]. PMID- 1227355 TI - [Delayed pressure urticaria and hypocomplementemia]. PMID- 1227356 TI - [Subcutanaeous and anal amyloid tumors associated with oligoarthritis, revealing a myeloma. Report and discussion of a case]. PMID- 1227357 TI - [Cauda equina syndrome during retroperitoneal fibrosis: discovery of another coincidental etiology]. PMID- 1227358 TI - [Postradiotherapy renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1227359 TI - [10 cases of giant lumbo-sacral neurinoma]. AB - Among giant tumours of the cauda equina, apart from ependymomas, neurinomas merit a special place. Depending on their site, they give rise to severe lumbar pain or root pain, with, almost constantly, aggravation during the night. X ray suggests the diagnosis when one finds displacement of the bone without inflammation, a regular bony defect, well-limited and asymmetric, and when the tumour is frequently prolonges in several directions across the bony orifices, sometimes giving a very large paravertebral mass which requires a double approach during surgery. The prognosis of isolated neurinomas is excellent, with disappearance of the pain immediately after operation, regression of the neurological signs or, at any rate, stabilisation when the latter are important. As far as the problem of spinal stability is concerned, this has been solved by sufficient spontaneous bony reconstruction. PMID- 1227360 TI - [Para- and tetraplegia caused by decompression accident (deep sea diving). Study of 9 cases with more or less severe sequelae]. AB - The authors report 9 cases of para and tetraplegia due to decompression sickness following deep sea diving. Poor technique was the cause of 8 of these cases, but one remained totally unexplained. The sequelae were serious; 3 dorsal paraplegias, which were functionally complete, 4 incomplete tetraplegias giving rise to permanent disability. In 2 cases there remained some spasticity of the lower limbs, in some cases associated with genito-urinary disorders. The authors review recent physiopathological theories. -- Blood disturbances may be due to the presence of gas bubbles which aggress the organism and give rise to coagulation disorders. -- The formation of the bubbles may be the cause of the spinal lesions, e.g. liberation in situ, gas embolism; the bubbles may form in various parts of the circulation and may cross the pulmonary barrage. Bubbles probably form in the lung itself, in the pulmonary veins and in the aorta, including the spinal capillaries. There is some slowing of the circulation, secondary to increased pressure, and pulmonary stasis may also play a harmful role. Finally, the dorsal spinal segments, which are the most poorly vascularised, are particularly exposed. This corresponds to the clinical findings. As far as treatment is concerned, the authors emphasize that recompression with hyperbaric equipment, should be carried out as an emergency, especially in unconsciuos subjects, together with other appropriate treatment. Such facts are important now that deep sea diving is becoming more and more commonly practised. PMID- 1227361 TI - [Myelopathy and macrocytic anemia associated with a folate deficiency. Cure by folic acid]. AB - The authors report a case of myelopathy associated with macrotic anemia. The prior inefficacy of treatment with B1, B6 and B12 vitamins, in spite of a normal Schilling test, suggested the possibility of folate deficiency, the concentration of which was found very low in the serum (1.5 mg/ml). The addition of folic acid to the vitamins already administered without success, was followed by rapid recovery of the anemia and a frank neurological improvement maintained after 10 months follow-up. The rare similar cases observed in the world literature are analysed here. The other neurological manifestations, due to folate deficiency, the etiological circumstances and the methods of diagnosis are recalled. PMID- 1227362 TI - [Phospho-calcium metabolism after operation for hyperthyroidism]. AB - Study of data concerning calcium and phosphorus after removal of an adenoma in 60 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, showed that serum calcium levels always fall. Serum phosphorus usually rises, but not always. There is a fall in urinary calcium in cases which previously had increased calcium in the urine. Phosphorus in the urine falls, but in a variable manner. The authors discuss the role of bony lesions and renal failure. PMID- 1227363 TI - [Persistent hyperthyrocalcitoninemia after total thyro-parathyroidectomy for medullary cancer of the thyroid gland in a child with complex neurocristopathy]. PMID- 1227364 TI - [Hyperthyreosis, thyroiditis and severe hypercalcemia]. PMID- 1227365 TI - [2 atypical cases of Felty's syndrome with agranulocytosis]. PMID- 1227366 TI - [Hemolytic anemia disclosing accidental lead poisioning]. PMID- 1227367 TI - [Effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on lactate dehydrogenase. Quantitative and isoenzymatic study]. AB - Light, acute vitamin C deficiency or repletion had no uniform effect on lactiodeshydrogenase, each organ reaching specifically (skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, spleen, liver adrenals, testes). There was no correlation with the age of the animal except in the case of testicular lacticodeshydrogenase isoenzymes. Reduction of food intake caracteristic of the late state of scurvy had no effect on the distribution of isoenzymes which was also independent of quantitative variations of enzyme activity. Vitamin C repletion restored the normal distribution of isoenzymes in spleen and liver but not in skeletal muscle. In the last phase of acute vitamin C deficiency, lactiodeshydrogenase activity was generaly elevated (heart and skeletal muscle excepted). When ascorbic acid was given back lacticodeshydrogenase activity remained elevated in liver and spleen but was lowered in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1227368 TI - [Effects of rapeseed oil on production of corticosterone by rats subjected to stresses (physical effort, cold]. AB - Investigations were carried out on male Wistar rats from an own animal farm of the Institute of Food and Nutrition. The animals were kept on two types of diet containing 50 p. 100 of calories from rapeseed or sunflower oil. The investigations on the effect of rapeseed oil on functional changes of rat adrenals in animals exposed to graded physical exercise were performed on 40 rats aged 3.5 months at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were divided into two groups and were given during 6 weeks diets containing rapeseed or sunflower oil. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups. Administering further these diets one subgroup was left without physical exercise during 7 days, the 2nd group was exposed to graded physical exercise during 45 min. daily during 7 days. Physical exercise was graded by means of special rotating drums driven electrically and provided with running-tracks. Each rat had a daily run of 630 m., and during 7 days this distance was 4 410 m. The investigations on the effect of rapeseed oil on functional changes of rat adrenals in animals exposed to low temperature were performed on 40 rats aged 3.5 months at the beginning of experiment. After 6 weeks on diets each of the two groups was divided into two subgroups. Administering further the same diets one group was left in the laboratory and the other subgroup was placed for 2 weeks in a room at 4 degrees C. After the experiment the animals were decapitated and their adrenals and plasma were taken for corticosterone determinations by the fluorimetric method. Differences were demonstrated in the effects of rapeseed oil and sunflower oil during these stresses. During graded physical exercise the corticosterone level in the adrenals of rats kept on diet with rapeseed oil was unchanged, while it rose significantly in the group receiving sunflower oil. In the plasma the corticosterone level increased during physical exercise in both groups, but in the group receiving rapeseed oil this increase was lower. During exposure to low temperature the adrenal corticosterone level decreased in the group receiving rapeseed oil and was unchanged in the group on sunflower oil. In the plasma the corticosterone level increased on exposure to low temperature in both groups but less in the group receiving rapeseed oil as compared with the group on sunflower oil. PMID- 1227369 TI - [Rearing of a biotype of Myzus persicae Sulzer on synthetic media. III. Respective nutritive value of L-methionine, L-cysteine and sulfates]. AB - The respective influence of some different components of a synthetic diet on the survivial and the fecundity of one strain of Myzus persicae Slz. have been established by experiments with the deletion of some components and with variations of their concentrations. 1. L.methionin is the only essential amino acid amd the variations of its concentrations are related with variations of the fecondity of the aphids. 2. When the amount of L. methionin is inadequate to satisfy the whole sulphur requirements, the supply of L. cystein or inorganic sulphur is beneficial. 3. The nutritional values of L. cystein and of inorganic sulphur seem to be identical. 4. The fecundity of the aphids is depending on the concentration of the everall L. aminoacides and on the amount of L. methionin in the synthetic diet without any interaction between these two factors. So, it can be assumed that the concentration of overall L.amino-acids and the concentration of L. methionin exert separate controls of the fecundity of the aphids. PMID- 1227370 TI - [Value of alkane-produced protein and three animal meals for growth and body nitrogen of meal worms (Tenebrio molitor L.)]. AB - Different types of chemical and biological procedures for screening protein quality of many foods are available. It is recognized however that such assays cannot be part of a routine screening technic. For good technologists and plant breeders in search of novelties, the main problems arise from the small size of samples available and the need to evaluate a large number of materials in a short period of time. The development of more accurate, economical and/or faster bioassay methods would be useful for solving some of the general and applied nutrition problems. The possibility of using larvae of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a bioassay test organism for nutritional evaluation of proteins has been suggested (8) and previous investigations (9, 10, 11, 12,13, etc.) indicated that these larvae can be used in such studies because of a short, rapid growth period and a sensitivity to slight changes in protein quality and quantity. The present investigation was designed to asses the nutritional quality of artificial diets containing various levels of BP-protein (pure n-alkanes grown yeast or yeast G) when fed to larvae of T. molitor. The results were compared with those of Difco vitamin-free casein, fish and meat meals studied in the same manner. The chemical compositions of these proteins sources was also reported. Defatted meals of the samples were used to prepare diets containing from 0,6 to 20 p. 100 of dietary protein. The basic protein free diet used contained: dextrose: 97 p. 100, McCollum's salt mixture: 2 p. 100, cholesterol: 1 p. 100 and a solution of B-vitamins and zinc chloride: 0,1 ml/g. The dextrose portion of the diets is adjusted as the protein concentration fluctuates. Larvae of T. molitor, Gembloux strain, race F, ranging in weight from 9,60 to 12,00 mg were selected from stock cultures, rearing in the ground wheat-Brever's yeast medium. They were starved for 48 hr. and were weighed again before being placed on the test diets for 4 weeks. Groups of thirty larvae having an average initial weight of approximately 10 mg were reared individually in vials at 27 degrees C and 70 p. 100 relative humidity with 1,5 g of diet each. At the end of the experimental period,the larvae were weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg and the gains in fresh weight were recorded. Then, all the larvae from the same diet, previously killed with chloroform were used from nitrogen determinations. Data on gains in weight and body nitrogen of larvae were analyzed, using analysis of variance and NEWMAN and KEUL's multiple range test. The results suggest that the protein levels allowing maximuum growth and body nitrogen vary from 9 to 12 p. 100 and these levels were suitable for the comparisons. Based on the criterion of larval weight, the nutritional quality of the protein sources was : BP-protein greater than casein = fish meal greater than meat meal (P less than 0,01)... PMID- 1227371 TI - [Correlations between placental weight and some biometrical values of the newborn infant analyzed by an electronic calculator]. PMID- 1227372 TI - [Role of the midwife in the control of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity]. PMID- 1227373 TI - [Study of the placental transfer of aminosidine]. PMID- 1227374 TI - [Anemia and pregnancy]. PMID- 1227375 TI - [New chromatographic method for evaluation of fetal pulmonary maturity]. PMID- 1227376 TI - [The role of spores and crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in the infection of Laspeyresia pomonella L. (Tortricidae) (author's transl)]. AB - Susceptibility of Laspeyresia pomonella to the crystal toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is demonstrated by forced and free ingestion of purified preparations. The effect of spores alone is weak and cannot be expressed by a relationship between dose and mortality. Crystals and spores exhibit better activity when they are associated. PMID- 1227377 TI - [Gill repartition of two Monogenea: Diplectanum aequans (Wagener 1857), Diesing 1958 and D. laubieri Lambert and Maillard 1974 (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea) simultaneous parasites of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (author's transl)]. AB - The close observation of the gill habitat of two Monogeneans Diplectanum aequans (Wagener 1857) Diesing 1858 and Diplectanum laubieri Lambert and Maillard 1974 shows the microbiotopes of these two simultaneous parasites of the Sea-bass: Dicentrarchus labrax. The authors propose to study the distribution of the Monogeneans with references to three theoretic axes in the gill chambers. For the Diplectanum, the populations spread on each of these axes according to preferential gradients. PMID- 1227378 TI - [New data on Dicrocoelium hospes Looss, 1907: anatomy of the adult and life cycle. Preliminary paper (author's transl)]. AB - The morphological and anatomical studies of Dicrocoelium hospes Looss, 1907, from Togo set off several differences with Dicrocoelium lanceolatum Rudolphi, 1819: shape and dimensions of the body, shape and disposition of the testes, shape, dimensions and location of the vitellaria, structure of the uterus coils. The first intermediate host is found, they are three species of Limicolaria, one of them being L. aurora. The cercaria is described, its chaetotaxy confirms the validity of species D. hospes. Two species of ants: Dorylus sp. and Crematogaster sp. may be the second intermediate host. PMID- 1227379 TI - [Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda). XXXIII. Apropos of 11 species described or collected by P. Oschmarin in the Far East (author's transl)]. AB - The collection of the Microphallidae collected by P. Oschmarin includes the following species: 1) Maritrema magnicirrus, M. gratiosum, Maritrema sp.; 2) Basantisia halcyonae, B. longa, B. ramai -- Belopolskiella prolecithum; 3) Microphallus oviformis; 4) Levinseniella acanthophalla, L. bucephalae tringae; 5) Spiculotrema littoralis. The writer describes and illustrates the anatomy of several of those species; consequently he proposes the following changes of systematic: 1) Maritrema gratiosum sensu Oschmarin is a new species: Maritrema (Maritrema) chiriacae; the Maritrema sp. could be M. sachalinicum Schumakowitsch; 2) The genus Belopolskiella and Basantisia are synonymous; the species prolecithum and longa are synonymous. Besides B. prolecithum and B. tamsuiensis could be synonymous but it is not proved; 3) L. acanthophalla and L. bucephalae tringae are both synonimisided with L. bucephalae Yamaguti, 1939. PMID- 1227380 TI - [Rat and bilharziasis in Guadeloupe. New data (author's transl)]. AB - Examination of rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) shows that their infection by Schistosoma mansoni is not restricted to any particular habitat. PMID- 1227381 TI - [Redescription of five species of Onchocerca (author's transl)]. AB - Five species of Onchocerca are redescribed: O. reticulata, Diesing, 1814; O. cervicalis Railliet et Henry, 1910; O. volvulus (Leuckart, 1893); O. gutturosa Neumann, 1910; O. armillata Railliet et Henry, 1908. Despite the variability of some characters such as length of tail and spicules, arrangment of caudal papillae, these species are well characterized by a set of elements, the two most important of which are the female cuticle and the anatomy of the microfilariae. PMID- 1227383 TI - [Functional inhibition of the sweat glands of mice by central nervous system depressants]. PMID- 1227382 TI - [New nematodes of the genus Trichospirura Smith and Chitwood, 1967, in Malaysia. Remarks on the evolution of the family Rhabdochonidae (author's transl)]. AB - Description of Trichospirura willmottae n. sp. parasite of the salivary ducts of Tupaia glis and T. sp. (single virgin female) parasite of the intestine of Myotis mystacinus in Malaysia. The two species are very closely related to the type species, a parasite of the pancreatic ducts of brasilian Primates, and can be differentiated mainly by the mensurations of the posterior extremities of the bodies. While the genus Rhabdochoma, parasite of the intestine of fresh-water fishes, underwent a very similar, but more or less pronounced, morphological evolution, it became adapted to many different hosts: Sea-fishes, Saurians, Mammals and to many locations. This evolutionary line includes six genera; Trichospirura, the only parasite in Mammals, is one of the more evolved. Some remarks are made on the host-distribution of Trichospirura, on the relationships between Rabdochonidae and Cystidicolidae and on the osmo-excretory apparatus of Trichospirura. The hypertrophy of this apparatus, which could be the consequence of the passage during the course of evolution from aquatic to terrestrial life, is comparable to that of the Pneumospirurinae. PMID- 1227384 TI - [Ultrastructural study of non-keratinized cells of the epidermis]. PMID- 1227385 TI - [Experimental model for the quantitative study of the transfer of melanin from melanocyte to keratinocyte in vitro]. PMID- 1227386 TI - [Cultures of human primary malignant melanoma: development of malignant melanocytes in vitro]. PMID- 1227387 TI - [Malignant melanoma and HL-A antigens]. PMID- 1227388 TI - [The immunological status in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 1227389 TI - [Morphology of spores of Sporotrichum schenckii in tissue and in culture]. PMID- 1227390 TI - [Appearance of desmosome plaques of cells of the horny layer of the human epidermis, under the scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 1227391 TI - [Chronic granulomatous candidiasis. Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 1227392 TI - Immune response in mice and lack of response in guinea-pigs and in rabbits to DNP on polysaccharide. AB - The immunogenicity of three DNP-LE conjugates possessing different numbers of haptenic determinants per molecule of carrier (DNP 3-LE, DNP6-LE, DNP 13-LE) has been tested in mice. All conjugates induce only 19S anti-DNP antibodies, but the lowest conjugate is more immunogenic. Lack of response to DNP-LE is observed in guinea-pigs and in rabbits, animals in which native LE is not immunogenic. The immune response is not affected in mice tolerant to LE, when immunization is performed intravenously. These results are discussed with a view to determine the role played by a T-independent carrier in the antibody synthesis against a hapten. PMID- 1227393 TI - [A micromethod for measuring macrophage chemotactic factor(s) in the supernatants of mouse lymphocyte cultures stimulated by concanavalin A]. AB - A micromethod is described for the measurement of the macrophage chemotactic factor (s) released by activated murine lymphocytes in culture. Lymphocytes are stimulated by various doses of concanavalin A in the wells of a tissure culture microplate. Two wells are used for thymidine incorporation measurement and three wells for the chemotactic assay. For this assay, microchambers are prepared from segments of a disposable tuberculine syringe closed on oneend by gluing a small Millipore filter. These chambers are placed in the wells of the tissue culture plate so that the filter is just in contact with the supernatant of the lymphocyte culture. They are then filled with 5.104 macrophages obtained from the peritoneum of normal mice suspended in 100 mul of medium 199 supplemented with bovine serum albumin. The macrophages migrate into the filter more deeply in experiments with stimulate lymphocytes than in experiments with non-stimulated cultures. The distance travelled by the macrophage is measured by the difference between the microscope focal adjustments for the top of the filter and the deepest migrating cells respectively. PMID- 1227394 TI - [Antigenic structure of a fragment of human serum albumin]. AB - The antigenic structure of a fragment (F1) of human serum albumin (HSA), carrying one of the antigenic sites of the whole molecule, has been studied. Previous studies have shown that this fragment is made of two peptide chains linked by a disulfide bond. One of these chains named alpha has 28 residues and one intrachain disulfide bond giving rise to a loop of 9 or 10 residues. The chain occurs under two forms: the beta chain made of 25 residues and the gamma chain which differs from the beta chain by the absence of the two last C-terminal residues (F. Bellon and C. Lapresle, Biochem. J., 1975, 147, 585-592). The alpha and beta chains both inhibit independantly at 100% the agglutination by an anti albumin serum of red cells sensitized with F1. Chains alpha, beta and gamma displace anti-HSA antibodies fixed upon an immunoadsorbent prepared with F1. Chain alpha is more active than chain beta which in turn is more active than chain gamma. Reduction and alkylation of alpha and beta chains abolish almost completely their immunological activity. Immunoadsorbents prepared with alpha or beta chains adsorb all of the anti-F1 antibodies from an anti-HSA serum. Antibodies isolated from each chain are inhibited by both chains. Chains alpha and beta induce in rabbits the formation of antibodies reacting with F1 and HSA, alpha chain being a better immunogen than beta chain. PMID- 1227395 TI - The effects of caput ligation on the testicular function of dog. PMID- 1227396 TI - [Problem of microtubular accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum cavities. Observations on neurons in sympathetic ganglia]. PMID- 1227397 TI - Detection of possible heteroduplexes in somatic Chinese hamster cells DNA by molecular autoradiography. PMID- 1227398 TI - [Aneurysms of the interventricular septum]. PMID- 1227399 TI - [Leiomyoma of the lung (clinical case and review)]. PMID- 1227400 TI - [Neurofibroma of the thyroid (report of a case)]. PMID- 1227401 TI - [Cavernous neoplasms of the lung (apropos of 28 cases)]. PMID- 1227402 TI - [Esophago-gastric reflux and its complications]. PMID- 1227403 TI - [Acquired esophago-tracheo-bronchial fistulas (observations on a case)]. PMID- 1227404 TI - [Pericardio-celomic cysts (observations on 8 cases)]. PMID- 1227405 TI - [Unusual cases of intralobar pulmonary sequestration]. PMID- 1227406 TI - [Determination of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against influenza virus A/Port Chalmers/1/73 in samples from the Roman population (1962-1974). Relation of antibody titers to those obtained against previous influenza A strains]. AB - The h.i.a. titer has been determined against the strain of the A/Port Chalmers/1/73 influenza virus in 805 serum samples obtained in Rome from as many adults during six distinct periods between spring 1962 and summer-autumn 1974. PMID- 1227407 TI - [Concentrations of some antibiotics in the nasal fossa and in maxillary sinus]. AB - An inquiry of the concentrations of two antibiotics (Tobramycin and Cefazolin) in the mucoses of nasal fovea and of maxillaris sinus was performed after in intramuscolar injection of the two drugs. It results that therapeutically efficacious concentrations were obtained. PMID- 1227408 TI - [Preliminary studies on the incidence of bovine brucellosis in the Democratic Republic of Somalia]. PMID- 1227409 TI - [Evaluation of various culture media for isolation of Pseudomonas]. PMID- 1227410 TI - [Sensitivity to phages in strains of the genus Brucella]. PMID- 1227412 TI - [Selective inhibition of the response to the allograft of a virus in mice]. PMID- 1227411 TI - [Oncogenic and antigenic characteristics of ATPC/TC cells]. PMID- 1227413 TI - [Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to the cat by the intake of swine and sheep meat spontaneously infected and normally slaughtered]. PMID- 1227414 TI - [The decrease of tension double breaks in the connective layer of damaged windshields as a parameter of the time interval following an accident]. PMID- 1227415 TI - [Significance of chemical analysis findings on blood extravasates]. PMID- 1227416 TI - [Criminal and criminological research of the Criminal Institute of the Federal Criminal Department. Thoughts on planning and organization]. PMID- 1227417 TI - [ Unusual suicide through hanging]. PMID- 1227418 TI - [Criminal psychiatry evaluation of sexual aberrations]. PMID- 1227419 TI - [Sudden death following foreign body entrapment in the esophagus]. AB - Case report about a 53 year old man, suffering from sudden suffocation, caused by inflammatory laryngeal edema following a foreign body traping in the esophagus with consecutive abscess and phlegmona of the esophageal wall. PMID- 1227420 TI - [Identification of a burned torso and reconstruction of homicide]. PMID- 1227421 TI - [Documentation of chemical-toxicological findings]. PMID- 1227422 TI - [Foreign bodies in the pharynx--homicide or suicide?]. PMID- 1227423 TI - [Aggression and schizophrenia. A study with Rosenzweig's P.F.T. test]. PMID- 1227424 TI - [Iatrogenis amphetamine poisoning]. PMID- 1227425 TI - [Retard neuroleptics and community assistance in schizophrenia]. PMID- 1227426 TI - [Properties and isoenzymes of acid phosphatase in erythrocytes and various tissues (kidney, liver, spleen, small intestine mucosa, testis, myocardial and skeletal musculature) of cattle]. AB - The substrate that was split most rapidly by acid phosphatase was p nitrophenylphosphate. Two peaks of activity were obtained at pH 4.6-4.8 and 5.1 5.4. The enzyme remained stable for a long time when refrigerated. It was inhibited strongly by urea and tartrate, and slightly by fluoride and L phenylalanine. Mercaptoethanol elicited pronounced activation of the enzyme. Four different forms of isoenzyme, giving rise to 11 phenotypes, were identified. A suitable analytical technique was electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel with phosphate-citrate buffer. Mean activity was 3.15 +/- 0.41 units per gramme of haemoglobin haemolysate. Some of the isoenzyme preparations showed considerable variation in activity. There was no change in enzyme activity after temporary hypomagnesaemia. Acid phosphatase activity was high in testis, kidney and intestinal mucosa; myocardium, liver and spleen showed moderate activity. Five isoenzymes were demonstrable in a starch column and six in PAA gel. PMID- 1227427 TI - [In-vitro and in-vivo studies on the percutaneous absorption of systemic P 32 labelled insecticide organophosphorus compounds in cattle]. AB - The influence of chemical composition and formulation on the absorption of radiophosphorus-labelled trichlorphon, butonate and dimethoate was investigated with isolated strips of bovine skin. Other factors studied were polarity of the solvent, concentration of pesticide, and effect of surface-active agents and dimethyl sulphoxide. Absorption experiments were also carried out on cattle and sheep, and the results were compared with those of the in vitro tests. PMID- 1227428 TI - [Experimental infection of guinea pigs with Chlamydia. 1. Pathomorphological studies]. AB - The changes that occurred following nasal instillation of a bovine strain of Chlamydia psittaci were characterized by hypertrophy and proliferation of epithelial cells and exudates containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes, with acute bronchopneumonia and less intense inflammatory reactions in nasal and tracheal mucosa, spleen and pulmonary lymph nodes. The intestines, liver, kidney and brain were scarcely affected. There was little prospect of complete recovery from the clinically mild, or even subclinical, pneumonia within the period of observation since the causal agent was present continuously from the 12th hour to the 91st day after infection. PMID- 1227429 TI - [Effects of Entomoxan on various lymphatic organs of the chicken]. AB - The effect of an organochlorine compound (Entomoxan) on the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus was followed in chicks given a ration containing 15 ppm daily for 8 weeks, starting at 3 weeks of age. Birds were killed 2,4,6 or 8 weeks after the start of treatment. Total protein, RNA, DNA, nitrogen, free amino acids and water content were determined in both lymphatic organs. Two weeks of treatment with Entomoxan produced a stress-like effect, with loss of weight of both organs and important biochemical changes. Such changes were still present after 4 weeks, although there was no longer any difference in organ weight in comparison with the controls. After six weeks of treatment the changes in the bursa were slight and there were no changes in the thymus. Some changes were still present at the 8th week, but ther was no indication of a stress effect. PMID- 1227430 TI - [Behavior of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and glucose concentrations in the plasma of ewes in the perinatal period]. AB - Blood samples were taken from 40 ewes in a flock of the Merino meat breed at the spring lambing once daily from five days before lambing to 3-4 days afterwards. Blood calcium ranged from 9.4 to 10.8 mg/100 ml, phosphorus between 3.6 and 4.9 mg/100 ml and magnesium from 2.1 to 2.6 mg/100 ml. There were no statistically significant changes in mineral concentrations at the time of parturition. Plasma glucose increased as parturition approached, averaging 46 mg/100 ml five days before lambing, twice this figure at lambing, followed by a rapid fall to pre lambing values. A comparison with similar observations in cows showed that there was no essential difference in blood glucose between the two species, but there were considerable differences in the concentrations of minerals, attributable to differences in average age of the groups of animals examined, and to the higher milk yield of cows. PMID- 1227432 TI - [Treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 1227431 TI - [Protective effect of rhodanates in laboratory and farm animals]. AB - Immunization with soluble or corpuscular antigens produces a rise in thiocyanate content of the blood of guinea-pigs, sheep, calves and fowls. Animal possessing a high thiocyanate concentration (2-3mg/100ml) usually have the highest antibody titres. Formation of humoral antibodies is increased by administration of thiocyanate during immunization, and there is significant correlation between thiocyanate concentration and antibody titre. In the intensive fattening of veal calves, the use of thiocyanate during the first 21 days of fattening has reduced mortality by up to 60%. Morbidity was halved during the 103 days of the fattening period. Illness was not only less common in the thiocyanate-treated group, but it was also milder. It is suggested that addition of thiocyanate to the food may also have a nutrient effect. PMID- 1227433 TI - [Idiopathic megaesophagus. Results and sequelae of its surgical treatment]. PMID- 1227434 TI - [Functional and histologic study of the small intestine in chronic alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1227435 TI - [Social and occupational consequences of partial gastrectomy for gastric or duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1227437 TI - [Rational bases of the prognosis of operated gastric cancer]. PMID- 1227436 TI - [Gastric heterotopia of the ileum (Meckel's diverticulum excepted). Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1227438 TI - Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. PMID- 1227439 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of colon and rectum in Berlin, capital of the G.D.R., 1960- 1969 (author's transl)]. AB - The situation of detection and treatment of colonic and rectal cancer in the capital of the G.D.R. Berlin is described for the period 1960--1969 and analyzed in comparison to other periods and regions. This study is based on the regional cancer registry and therefore free of the selection bias in clinical statistics. In the ten year period, 3855 new cases were registered (colon 2158, rectum 1697). The proportion of old patients is high, 66 percent were 65 years and older, 28% 75 and more years old. About 41% of patients seek medical advice within four weeks after first symptoms and about 60 percent of cancers were treated within one month after first consultation. The locaized stages I and II amounted to 46 percent of cases. There was only loose relation between duration of history and stage of disease. In nearly 39% of cases radical operation was performed and 27% were not treated by surgery. 5-year survival rates of colonic and rectal cancer in the period 1960--1964 amounted to 12% for all stages irrespeitive of method of treatment and 31% for patients after radical surgery. Survival rates depend on stage, on mode of treatment and on age. In the period from 1955 to 1973, proportion of old patients increased, distribution of stages remained nearly constant but proportion of cases radically operated on increased by 3%. Comparison of the regions of Berlin and Erfurt showed only small differences. Compared with international reports, survival rate is very low in Berlin, presumably due to complete registration of new cases and high number of very old people with colonic and rectal cancer. PMID- 1227440 TI - [Prognosis of colonic and rectal cancer under selection free conditions (author's transl)]. AB - Incidence of cancer of colon and rectum shows increasing tendency in G.D.R. It is necessary to orientate practical medicine in this direction respecting future needs in scientific and therapeutic view. Published results of treatment deceive in true prognosis, because they are commonly from special hospitals. Effects of selection, lack of uniform definitions and faults in statistics may lead to unfounded optimism. Reports on treatment results which are free from selection bies are rare till now. The National Cancer Registry in the Erfurt Region gave crude absolute five-year-survival rates of 10.3% in colonic cancer and 10.8% in rectal cancer for the years 1960-1966. Radical operations resulted in survival rates of 26.4% and 27.4%. The author draws conclusions concerning education of general practitioners, improvement of diagnostic facilities, and centralized organization of special medical care for cancer patients. PMID- 1227441 TI - [Surgical treatment of lung cancer. Actual situation and perspective (author's transl)]. AB - Resection by pneumonectomy or lobectomy is the treatment of choice in lung cancer. At the Robert-Roessle-Clinic the 5-year survival rates have been improved by this method of treatment from 21% (120 of 570 cases) in the period 1949--1961 to 34% (163 of 498 cases) in the period 1962-1968. The increased survival is due, above all, to earlier detection by annual x-ray mass screening. The same conclusions could be drawn with regard to the results of a cooperative study of 17 chest clinics in the GDR reporting about more than, 11 000 operated cases. To guarantee and to improve this high level of detection and treatment of lung cancer the reorganization of the screening procedure with regard to high risk groups in man is necessary. PMID- 1227442 TI - Corynebacterium hofmanni bacterophage criterion in the taxonomy of Corynebacterium genus. PMID- 1227443 TI - Ultrastructural changes of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni in the brain of the experimentally infected white mouse. PMID- 1227445 TI - [Ophthamopathy determined by Candida humicola]. PMID- 1227444 TI - Changes of some hepatic and renal mitochondrial enzymes following infection or vaccination with Coxiella burneti. PMID- 1227446 TI - [Cryptococcus species isolated from an ocular lesion]. PMID- 1227447 TI - [The relationship between the lymphatic vessels of the nerves of the human lower extremity and the perineural spaces]. AB - The lymphatic vessels and perineural spaces of superficial and profound nerves of the extremity were studied on the material of 50 lower extremities of corpses of humans by the method of intratissue and direct injection. Initial lymphatic capillaries and extraorganic lymphatic vessels and their paravasal plexuses were found. It is concluded that closed lymphatic capillaries having no immediate connection with the perineural space are the roots of the lymphatic bed in the nerve. PMID- 1227448 TI - [Morphologic and cytophotometric indices of the state of the neurons of the spinal cord and spinal cord ganglia following exposure to gravitational stress]. AB - The work presents data on the state of the neurons of the spinal ganglia and the spinal cord of the lumbosacral part in 96 cats subjected to single stresses (10g) and repeated ones (6g). The material was stained with thionin after Nissl. RNA was detected after Einarson. Photometry of the sections was made in MUP.5. Morphological changes were shown to be more pronounced in sensory cells. The method of cytophotometry established the increase by 25% amount of RNA in their cytoplasm after single stresses. Repeated stresses resulted in depletion of RNA. The amount of RNA returned to the initial level within 2 days after single stresses and within 3 days after repeated rotations. The shifts were much less pronounced in motoneurons. PMID- 1227449 TI - [Morphologic changes in the nervous apparatus of the pharynx, esophagus and stomach of cats following a single gravitational stress]. AB - Under investigation were the pharynx, oesophagus and stomach of 23 cats subjected to a single maximum endurable gravitation stress. The material was treated after Bielschowski-Gross. It has been established that as early as within 48--72 hours after gravitation effects there appear changes of different elements of the nervous apparatus of the organ under study such as increased argirophilia of nervous structures and reactive changes of different sensory nerve terminations. Motor animal nerve terminations do not change. Most of myelinated afferent fibres and non myelinated vegetative fibres undergo reactive changes. Within 7 days there appear certain myelinated fibres which are in the stage of granular desintegration, PMID- 1227450 TI - [The density of the lymphatic bed of the small intestine mucosa]. AB - The investigation was performed on 35 corpses of men, 8 corpses of cats, 7--of pigs and 5--of horses. The following methods were used: polychrome injection of arteries, veins, lymph capillaries and vessels, macro-microdissection, staining after van Gieson and with hematoxylin-eosin, impregnation with 0,25--1% solution of silver nitrate, dehydration and clearing, calculation of thickness of loops per 1 mm2 and their depth by means of ocular micrometer. The lymphatic bed of the serous membrane was established to be better developed in representatives of carnivora (cats) and omnivora (pigs), than in herbinorous horses. The monolauer capillary lymphatic network was revealed in horses while in carnivora (cats) and omnivora (pigs) the network of lymph capillaries and the bundle of lymphatic vessels were revealed. The lymphatic bed of the serous membrane was sufficiently developed in young animals. Local distinctions were established along the length and width of the small intestine, which might be explained by different functions of different portions of the gut. PMID- 1227451 TI - [A morphometric analysis of the structure of the atrioventricular node of the sheep heart]. AB - The work deals with the geometry of the structure of different sections of the atrio-venticular (A-V) node of the sheep's heart and measurement of the diameter of fibres in its three zones: atrio-nodal (A-N), the node proper (N) and transition of the node into His bundle (NH). The revealed difference in the diameter of contacting fibres of N and NH areas under worse conditions of conducting may contribute to block of excitation. The geometrical features of A-N and N areas contribute to prolonged delay of excitation and geometrical parameters of the site of contact between N and NH zones to its block. PMID- 1227452 TI - [The anatomy and topography of the human axillary lymph nodes]. AB - The anatomy and topography of the right and left axillary nodes were studied by the method of polychrome injections in 25 corpses of adult people dead from trauma or illnesses not related to lesions of axillary lymph nodes. Injections were made into the skin of fingers, palm and back of the hand, in the delta shaped area, lateral surface of the chest and exterior half of the mamillary gland and also immediately into the lymph vessels of the upper extremity found with the help of interstitial injections. Detailed data on the topography of axillary lymph nodes relative to the walls, blood vessels and nerves of the axillary fossa were obtained, and the relations between the nodes were specified. From the topography of the axillary lymph nodes under study and approaching the lymph vessels as well as from literature data it is expedient to divide the axillary lymph nodes into 6 groups: lateral, medial, posterior, inferior, central and apical. PMID- 1227453 TI - [The intratruncal structure of the connections between the sympathetic trunk and the human brachial plexus and their individual differences]. AB - The intratrunkal structure of 219 superficial and profound connecting branches between the sympathetic trunk and humeral plexus was studied in 18 people. Staining after Weigert--Pal was used followed by calculation of the absolute number of myelinated fibres. Individual features were revealed both in the diameter and in the intratrunkal plexus structure of connections as well as in the amount of myelinated fibres in similar connecting branches in different people. Qualitative distinctions between superficial and profound connections were noted. Intratrunkal characteristics of the reflect the general form of the structure of the sympathetic trunk. They constantly contain myelinated fibres coming not only from the thoracic part of the spinal cord but also from its jugular part. Their pathway is the more complex and diversive the more distributed are ganglionic masses of the sympathetic trunk. It goes from segments C4--C5 in the scattered form of the sympathetic trunk structure and from segments C6--C7--C8 in the concentrated form. PMID- 1227454 TI - [Nervous regulation of the proliferative activity of tissues]. AB - The work generalizes the literature evidence on the problem of nervous regulation of the tissue proliferative activity as well as personal data demonstrating the increased rate of tissue proliferation under conditions of deep inhibition of the function of the sympathetic part of the nervous system obtained by means of immunosympathectomy. It is supposed that the regulating effect of the sympathetic part of the nervous system upon the proliferative activity of tissues is mediated by adrenaline, acting as a cofactor of chalon mechanism of the intratissue regulation of the cellular proliferation. PMID- 1227455 TI - [Compensatory-adaptive transformation of the superficial cerebral veins in dogs of different ages following exclusion of the superior sagittal sinus]. PMID- 1227456 TI - [The dynamics of morphofunctional changes in the microcirculation of the pelvic extremity after modeling the chief stages of its replantation]. AB - Under study was the effect of autotransplantation in its "pure form" upon the morpho-functional reconstruction and structural mechanisms of adaptation of the blood and lymphatic links of the microcirculatory bed of extremities during early postoperation period up to 10 days. The pathophysiological state of the extremity sufficiently close to its autotransplantation was obtained by means of circular transection of soft tissues of the medial third of the femur together with the nerves and deep collecting lymphatic vessels. It was found that after modeling the main stages of replantation in the fascia and periosteum of the operated extremity there developed a spasm of the arteriolar link and dilatation of the venular and lymphatic links of the microcirculatory bed. The areas of leukocytic infiltration with the phenomena of diapedesis and microhemorrhages were revealed along the course of postcapillaries and venules in the paravasal connective tissue. The amount of functioning arteriole-venular anastomoses was increased. Against the background of pronounced oedema of soft tissues of the operated extremity the venous pressure increased and the rate of the capillary bloodflow in the skin and muscles decreased. The above changes tend to be reduced by the 10th day after modelling the main stages of replantation of the extremity. PMID- 1227458 TI - [The ultrastructure and function of human skeletomuscular tissue]. AB - The electron microscopic study of the intact somatic muscle of man has established that skeletal muscular fibres have a well developed lysosome apparatus. This apparatus is localized near nuclei under the sarcolemma and is represented by 3 types of lysosomes: primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes (phage lysosomes, digestive vacuoles) and residual bodies. These three morphological types of lysosomes reflect different stages of the functional activity of these organelles. The role of the lysosome apparatus in the process of intracellular digestion and self-renewal is shown. The presence of a peculiar "digestive center" of the muscle fibre has been established which is located in the perinuclear zone. PMID- 1227457 TI - [An electron microscopic study of the acinar cells of the submaxillary salivary glands of white rats]. AB - Numerous rows of rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi apparatus with condensation vacuoles and other ultrastructures typical for secreting cells of the exocrine type (secretory granules, smooth and covered vesicles, lysosomes, microtubules, mitochondria) were found in glandular acinar cells of the submaxillary salivary glands of albino rats. The substantial features of the given object are: firstly, low electron density of the content of the secretory granules which seems to be connected with high content of polysaccharides in the secretion and secondly, the presence of special inclusions covered with a typical three-layer membrane. The latter together with the rest of the content of the granules may come into the lumen of the central duct of the acinus and intercellular secretory capillaries. PMID- 1227459 TI - [Roentgenogrammetry and roentgenodensitometry in assessment of several morphologic changes]. AB - The work deals with the significance of quantitative rentgenological methods in morphological studies. The results of these methods used for estimation of certain developmental changes in the skeleton as well as for estimation of experimental data on the reparation of the bone tissue are analyzed. It is also shown that the quantitative rentgenological estimation of the state of soft tissues is possible. The role of rentgenogrammetry and rentgendensitometry in the intravital characteristics of the morphological changes associated with different factors is stressed. PMID- 1227460 TI - [The structure of fibroblasts and the fibrous structures of connective tissue according to raster electron microscopic findings]. AB - Raster electron-microscopy investigations of the structure of fibroblasts and fibrous structures of the connective tissue of the lung, lymph nodes capsules, epicardium of the heart of rats in the norm and in experimental silicosis were carried out. It is shown that collagenous fibrillas, aggregating into fibres and bundles, form multilooped supporting carcass for the man matter. In silicosis the supporting carcass is thicker, the volume of the main matter is smaller. Fibrocytes are of roupher outlines and contain no reticulum of collagenous fibrillas on their surface. PMID- 1227461 TI - [The cytochemistry of phagocytic cells in sensitized animals]. AB - Studies of phagocytic cells of the abdominal cavity in rats in experimental candidosis were carried out. The processes of interaction between phagocytic cells and the pathogene in intact animals and after the vaccination, were analysed. It was established that in parallel with an increase in the functional activity, phagocytes changed morphologically and cytochemically: their nucleo cytoplasmatic ratio drastically dropped, motility increased, as well as the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. In the sensitized macrophages there appeared activity of alkaline phophotase (in intact macrophages in rats this enzyme was not revealed). Particular attention was paid to the activation of the hexose monophosphate cycle regulating phagocytosis, and to accumulation in neutrophiles of bactericidal free aldehydes. Enzymatic characteristics and differences between peritoneal macrophages and neutrophilic leucocytes were shown. PMID- 1227462 TI - [The cytochemistry of antibacterial cationic proteins of leukocytes during phagocytosis and inflammation]. AB - The article deals with data on lysosomal cationic proteins. Many properties of cationic proteins of leucocytes justify the assumption about their possible genetic affinity to nuclear histones. A high antibacterial activity of cationic proteins justified a more profound investigation into their role in phagocytosis and in formation of anti-infectious resistance in inflammation foci. The question concerning cationic proteins as mediators of inflammation is discussed. The suggested methods for staining cationic proteins may be used in determination of the fate of phagocytized bacteria, in studies of cytochemistry of cationic proteins of leucocytes, in identifying viable and perished bacteria in inflammation foci in bacterial infectious processes. PMID- 1227463 TI - [Large cell neurosecretory nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus of mice following exposure to antibodies to nerve growth factor]. AB - Studies of morphology of the secretory hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system under conditions of inhibition of the function of the peripheral region of the sympathetic nervous system were carried out. Desympathyzation was achieved by administration to newly born animals of antibodies to the factor of growth of nerves. In addition to the survey histological methods, morphometry, autoradiography and spectrophotometric investigations were also used. The aim of the work was to establish with the help of the methods referred to above the functional state of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal secretory system (HNSS) under deep immunological desympathyzation of the organism. The data obtained confirm the existence of a functional connection between the peripheral region of the sympathetic nervous system and HNSS. A hypofunctional state of the sympathetic department caused a rise in the functional activity to HNSS--in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus there were observed enlarged neurones and their nuclei; this was accompanied by an intensification of the biosynthesis processes and secretion of neurosecretory material, neurohypophysis containing lesser amounts of neurosecret than in the norm. The rise of the functional activity of HNSS was accompanied by a higher specific hormonal effect upon the periphery (the effect of the hormone on "target"), which was confirmed by manifestations of working hypertrophy of the medullar of kidneys. The reaction of HNSS was apparently mediated through a complex of pathological changes in the organism and was directed at the maintenance of the optimal tonus of vessels and at preservation of homoestasis as a whole. PMID- 1227464 TI - [Regarding the article by L.D. Liozner, "Regeneration of pathologically altered organs"]. PMID- 1227465 TI - ["Podagric kidney" accompanied by development of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1227466 TI - [Solid cancer of the thyroid gland (with amyloidosis stroma) combined with corticosteromas of the adrenals]. PMID- 1227467 TI - [Statistical assessments of the results of visual histochemical studies (as an example, the study of transitional cell tumors of the urinary bladder)]. PMID- 1227468 TI - [Complications following catheterization of veins]. PMID- 1227469 TI - Displacement of cerebellar tissue into spinal canal. A component of the respirator brain syndrome. AB - Displacement of cerebellulr tonsillar tissue into the subdural and subarachnoid space around the spinal cord was found at autopsy in eight patients who had had a variety of neurological diseases. The common factors were brain swelling and prolongation of survival by the respirator from 14 to 96 hours. Superimposed massive edema and intravitam autolysis caused by the artificial prolongation of life was the final outcome and is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of this condition. Unless the spinal cord has been examined, many pathological changes will not be appreciated. PMID- 1227470 TI - Cerebral atherosclerosis. Intimal proliferation and atherosclerosis in the cerebral arteries. AB - An ultrastructural study of the cerebral arteries obtained at autopsies on humans from infancy to old age was done. Intimal thickenings at bifurcations in infancy and childhood constantly showed various quantities of cellular debris that were seemingly dervied from the cellular constitutents of the wall, together with thickening, lamination, redundancy, and separation of basement membranes from the related cells. The extracellular lipid appeared to be derived from the transformation of cellular debris. Basement membrane changes indicated a serious disturbance in the relationship of mural cells to the connective tissues that was suggestive of interference with cohesion of the vessel wall. These morphological changes, hitherto overlooked, were more pronounced with age and in overt atherosclerosis, and were remakable similar to those induced experimentaly by hemodynamic stress. PMID- 1227471 TI - Epithelial-nerve intermingling in benign breast lesions. AB - Intimate intermingling of benign ductal epithelium and nerves was observed in two specimens of breast tissue with extensive adenosis and papillomatosis. The ducts were not situated within lymphatic channels. Rencent investigations have cast doubt on the very existence of "perineural-lymphatics." And while perineural and intraneural spread of malignant cells is unquestionably frequent, growth and extension seemingly occur along loose connective tissue spaces and not within preformed channels. We suggest that the designation "epithelial-nerve intermingling" appropriately describes this phenomenon, and, whereas this is most frequently found with carcinomatous cells, benign epithellum may and, occasionally does, participate. Thus, epithelial-nerve intermingling is neither necessarily indicative of malignant neoplasia nor should it be a decisive criterion in determining the extension of known malignant neoplasm, unless the epithelial cells are clearly atypical. PMID- 1227473 TI - Multiple lymphangioendothelioma of the spleen in a 13-year-old girl. AB - A 13-year-old girl had a history of an upper-quadrant abdominal mass for about six months. On exploratory laparotomy, multiple discrete large nodules were seen in the spleen. Histologically, the spleen had the unusual appearance of lymphangioma, in that there was a tremendous proliferatiion of endothelial cells that formed either papillary projections in the lumina of the cavernous lymphatic vessels or a solid mass of cells without the lumina. The changes were suggestive of sarcomatous transformation, but the evidence was not conclusive. A term "lymphangioendothelioma" is proposed for this multinodular tumor. PMID- 1227472 TI - Lassa virus hepatitis. Observations on a fatal case from the 1972 Sierra Leone epidemic. AB - During a recent outbreak of Lassa fever in Sierre Leone, a 20-year-old woman developed an acute febrile disease with tonsillar exudates and hemorrhagic manifestations. Lassa virus was isolated in cell cultures from pharyngeal secretions and pleural fluid and was identified by complement fixation. Typical arenavirus particles were observed in these infected cell cultures. In a liver biopsy specimen, diffuse hepatocellular damage and focal necroses were evident, with a spectrum of liver cell change, ranging from slight vacuolizaiton to frank lysis. Virus was frequently observed in nearby extracellular spaces and was clearly associated with hepatocytes rather than sinusoidal cells. The demonstration for the first time of Lassa virus particules in human tissue provides direct evidence that the virus is responsible for the observed pathologic changes. PMID- 1227474 TI - Electron microscopical study of a family with myotonia congenita. AB - Biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle from a family that had three female siblings with clinical features of recessive-type myotonia congenita were examined by light and electron microscopy. Fibers examined by the former technique appeared normal. Although some variation in size and shape of mitochondria and sarcomere fragmentation were focally observed by electron microscopy in affected members, they were also encounted in those without clinical manifestations. Importantly, no changes in sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, or transverse tubular system were encountered. Capillary basement membrane thickness was within normal limits. The evidence strongly suggests that myotonia congenita represents an entity distinct from myotonia dystrophica and that its pathogenesis may be related to a biochemical rather than ultrastructal aberration. PMID- 1227475 TI - Letter: Breast cancer demonstration projects. PMID- 1227476 TI - Letter: Pancreatic acinar adenomas. PMID- 1227477 TI - [Cooperation between rheumatologists and orthopedists--prerequisite of successful rheumatic surgery]. PMID- 1227478 TI - [Temperature measurements during polymerization of bone cement]. PMID- 1227479 TI - [Experimental studies on the strength of the bond between bones and bone cement]. PMID- 1227480 TI - [Regularities of aging of bone tissues from a morphological viewpoint]. PMID- 1227481 TI - [Functional roentgen diagnosis of the cervical spine, with special reference to childhood]. PMID- 1227482 TI - [Surgical reinforcement of the lumbosacral joint of the spine using spliting of the sacrospinal muscle--a new surgical method]. PMID- 1227483 TI - [Results of a study on the clinical aspects, therapy and sociomedical significance of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 1227484 TI - [Hoffa's fatty tissue hypertrophy as a solitary disease and in combination with meniscus lesion]. PMID- 1227486 TI - [Operative management of clavicular fractures]. PMID- 1227485 TI - [Arthroceles in meniscus lesions]. PMID- 1227487 TI - [Development of a folding, collapsible electric wheelchair]. PMID- 1227488 TI - [Indirect pelvic development. An anatomical study with consideration of clinical aspects]. PMID- 1227489 TI - [Results of resection-angulation arthroplasty]. PMID- 1227490 TI - [Hip arthrodesis using intramedullary nails]. PMID- 1227491 TI - [Incidence of hip dislocation]. PMID- 1227492 TI - [Late complications after variable rotation osteotomy]. PMID- 1227493 TI - [Diagnosis, therapy, and evaluation of post-traumatic femur head necrosis]. PMID- 1227494 TI - [Simultaneous fracture of the trochanteric area and femoral diaphysis in the same leg]. PMID- 1227495 TI - [Studies on climate factors influencing the effectiveness of cattle production in the Syrian Arabic Republic. I. Effect of climate factors; climatic conditions in the SAR]. AB - No previous investigations are available on climatic influences on the performance in cattle production in the Syrian Arab Republic. The reports found in the literature on the effect of the climate, especially of temperature and atmospheric moisture, are classified into physiological compatibility ranges for cattle. This makes it possible to compare different climatic regions. In the second part of the paper the values found for temperature and moisture in an experimental cowshed in the SAR will be assessed. PMID- 1227496 TI - Partial and complete castration of fat-tailed sheep in northern Iraq. AB - 30 (3 X 10) male Karadi lambs aged 6 to 10 months were left uncastrated (group I), were partially castrated (group 2) and completely castrated (group 3) and kept for 14 weeks under experimental conditions. During the experimental period, the partially castrated animals surpassed the animals of groups 1 and 3 in live body weight. The total gain weight was highest in group I. There were highly significant differences between the three groups in some body dimensions investigated. The TDN units required per unit increase of live weight were 10.70 (group I), 12.35 (group 2), and 13.01 (group 3). The mortality rate was 20% in group 3, and zero per cent in the other two groups. PMID- 1227497 TI - Toxic skin reactions caused by tributyltin oxide (tbto) in socks. AB - During some hot summer-days in 1973 about 70 cases of acute feet dermatitis were reported among soldiers from one regiment. They had used newly laundered socks from the same batch. The socks were disinfected with a solution containing TBTO and a quarternary ammonium compound, but by mistake a roughly 7 times too high concentration of the solution had been used. Patch tests with TBTO, quarternary ammonium compound and standard substances were negative. There was no suspicion of phototoxicity in these cases, but according to the literature TBTO may be photodynamic and several case reports relate specifically to sunny summerdays. We consider our cases to be due to the primary irritant properties of TBTO. As the span between optimal concentration for disinfection and the primary irritant concentration is narrow, we consider it inappropriate to use this substance for disinfection of textiles which are to be in direct contact with the skin until it has been established whether, for example, sweat may extract TBTO from treated fibres. PMID- 1227498 TI - [Dermatologic aspects of glass-fiber production]. AB - Workers in glassfiber industry are prone to develop skintroubles. Therefore an investigation was made to the factors responsible for symptoms. Patchtests were performed in 66 out of totally 160 workers on the spinfloor (spinners) with a standard series of common contact allergens and with raw materials and finishers used in glassfiber industry. In 36 (54%) persons positive tests were observed. Epoxy resin was found to be the most prominent allergen; 16 (or 24%) reacted to the substances. Positive reactions to finishers for the most part were caused by a hypersensitivity to this resin. Only 4 out of 56 spinners, intensively investigated for skintroubles, were found symptom-free. Besides burn and traumatic reactions to glassfiber the skintroubles ranged from a practically normal skin with some vesicles to extensive erythematous and papulous eruptions at the limbs, neck and face. Countings were made of the number of glassfibers present at the skin of the spinners after the end of the work. It was found that even after showering a great many glassfiber remain at the skin. The investigations indicate that skintroubles in workers in glassfiber industry may be elicited by two factors: an allergy to substances in the finishers, and traumatic (irritative) effects of glassfiber penetrating the skin. PMID- 1227499 TI - Luteal 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and the formation of delta4-3-oxo steroids in the rat after weaning or treatment with 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine during lactation. AB - Natural or early weaning of rat litters caused an increased activity of maternal luteal 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and a decreased release of delta4-3 oxo steroids in vitro. 2. Compound CB-154 (2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine) caused an increase of 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity in mid-lactation but not in early lactation. 3. Prolaction did not prevent these increases in enzyme activity. PMID- 1227500 TI - The effect of convulsions induced by flurothyl on ribonucleic acid synthesis in rat cerebral cortex during the recovery phase. AB - The effect of convulsions, induced by flurothyl, on RNA synthesis in purified unfractionated nuclei and the cytoplasm of rat cerebral cortex was studied by using a double-label technique involving injection of [3H]- and [14C]-orotate intracisternally. 2. Intact RNA was extracted in 80% yield by an enzymic method by using a proteinase in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate followed by deoxyribonuclease. Electrophoresis on 1.5% polyacrylamide-0.5% agarose gels revealed the presence of giant nuclear RNA of size up to approx. 300X 10(6) daltons and mRNA of maximal mol.wt. 9 X 10(6)-16 X 10(6). 3. Nuclear RNA synthesis was decreased to 27% in the first 15 min after convulsions but rapidly increased, so that at 1 1/2 h it was 124% of the control, and at 6 h 147%. 4. Labelling of cytoplasmic RNA was decreased to 15% at 15 min after convulsions but had not recovered to control values by 6 h. 5. Analysis of radioactive gel patterns and the 3H/14C ratio at six time-points (15 min-6h) showed that the major effect was inhibition of the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA resulting in a sharp decline in the export of newly synthesized RNA from the nucleus. 6. Cytoplasmic RNA patterns indicated that specific messengers were synthesized at different times during the recovery of the cell after convulsions. PMID- 1227501 TI - Subcellular localization of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase in adult rat brain. Evidence for at least two small glutamate compartments in brain. AB - The subcellular localizations of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) in brain tissue of adult rats were compared with each other and with those of NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.41) and monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4; kynuramine as substrate). Crude mitochondrial fractions from brain tissue were centrifuged in continuous sucrose density gradients. gamma-Aminobutyrate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase were always found at a higher density than NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase. When centrifuged for 1 h at 53 000gav., there was a slight difference between the distribution profiles of glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma aminobutyrate transaminase. This difference was larger when the centrifugation time was only 15 min. It is concluded that there are subpopulations of brain mitochondria with differing proportions of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. The results are discussed in relation to evidence obtained with labelled precursors in vivo that there are at least two small glutamate compartments in adult brain. PMID- 1227502 TI - Some aspects of fatty acid oxidation in isolated fat-cell mitochondria from rat. AB - Mitochondrial were prepared from fat-cells isolated from rat epididymal adipose tissues of fed and 48 h-starved rats to study some aspects of fatty acid oxidation in this tissue. The data were compared with values obtained in parallel experiments with liver mitochondria that were prepared and incubated under identical conditions. 2. In the presence of malonate, fluorocitrate and arsenite, malate, but not pyruvate-bicarbonate, facilitated palmitoyl-group oxidation in both types of mitochondria. In the presence of malate, fat-cell mitochondria exhibited slightly higher rates of palmitoylcarnitine oxidation than liver. Rates of octanoylcarnitine oxidation were similar in liver and fat-cell mitochondria. Uncoupling stimulated acylcarnitine oxidation in liver, but not in fat-cell mitochondria. Oxidation of palmitoyl- and octanoyl-carnitine was partially additive in fat-cell but not in liver mitochondria. Starvation for 48 h significantly decreased both palmitoylcarnitine oxidation and latent carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in fat-cell mitochondria. Starvation increased latent carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in liver mitochondria but did not alter palmitoylcarnitine oxidation. These results suggested that palmitoylcarnitine oxidation in fat-cell but not in liver mitochondria may be limited by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 activity. 3. Fat-cell mitochondria also differed from liver mitochondria in exhibiting considerably lower rates of carnitine-dependent oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA or palmitate, suggesting that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity may severely rate-limit palmitoyl-CoA oxidation in adipose tissue. PMID- 1227503 TI - Myofibrillar protein turnover and urinary N-tau-methylhistidine output. Response to dietary supply of protein and energy. AB - The urinary excretion of total N-tau-methylhistidine by the growing rat was measured to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and energy restriction on muscle protein turnover in vivo. 2. Young male rats (about 100 g initial wt.) were fed on one of three diets. Group I (controls) received an adequate 18% lactalbumin diet for 28 days, on which they sustained maximum growth. Group II (protein-depleted) was fed for 14 days on 0.5 lactalbumin diet, which caused loss of weight; this was followed by repletion for 14 days with the control diet. Group III (protein-energy restricted) received a 1% lactalbumin diet at one-half the food intake of group II for 14 days, and this was also followed by 14 days of repletion with the control diet. 3. The controls showed a progressive rise in the daily urinary output of N-tau-methylhistidine, which was proportionally slightly less rapid than the body-weight increase. 4. The protein-depleted group II showed a marked and progressive decrease in N-tau-methylhistidine excretion, which was proportionally greater than the fall in body weight; during repletion, N-tau methylhistidine output rose in parallel with body-weight increase, but it did not reach the value attained by the control group. 5. Group III, restricted in both dietary protein and energy, showed an initial small increase in daily N-tau methylhistidine output, which contrasted with the sharp loss of body weight during this period. After 11 days on this restricted diet, group III then underwent a decrease in N-tau-methylhistidine output, which persisted into the first 4 days of the repletion period, after which output of the methylated amino acid became the same as for group II. 6. Creatinine output, used as an additional metabolic measure of muscle metabolism, showed a fairly constant relationship to body weight in groups I and II during depletion and repletion. However, rats with protein-energy deficiency (group III) underwent a marked increase in output of creatinine per unit of body weight, which also persisited into the repletion period before it fell to more normal values relative to body weight. 7. Analysis of the N-tau-methylhistidine content of actin isolated from a group of protein depleted rats revealed a small (5%) but significance (P less than 0.02) decrease relative to well-nourished controls. 8. Hence, the rate of muscle protein degradation, as indicated by changes in urinary N-tau-methylhistidine output, appears to respond sensitively and in opposite directions to insufficiency of protein of energy in the diet. PMID- 1227504 TI - Effect of adenosine on the adenine nucleotide content and metabolism of hepatocytes. AB - ADENOSINE (0.5 MM) added to hepatocyte suspensions increased the intracellular concentration of ATP and total adenine nucleotides within 60 min up to three fold. 2. Adenosine at 0.5 mM inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate by about 50%. At higher adenosine concentrations the inhibition was less. There was no strict parallelism between the time-course of the increase of the adenine nucleotide content and the time-course of the inhibition of gluconeogenesis from lactate. 3. Adenosine abolished the accelerating effects of oleate and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on gluconeogenesis from lactate. 4. Gluconeogenesis was no significant effect of adenosine with fructose, dihydroxyacetone or glycerol. With asparagine, adenosine caused anacceleration of glucose formation. 5. Adenosine incorporation into adenine nucleotides accounted for about 20% of the adenosine removal. 6. Inosine, hypoxanthine or adenine compared with adenosine gave relatively slight increases of adenine nucleotides. 7. Urea synthesis from NH4Cl under optimum conditions i.e. in the presence of ornithine, lactate and oleate, was also inhibited by adenosine. The inhibition increased with the adenosine concentration and was 65% at 4 mM-adenosine. Again there was no correlation between the degree of inhibition of urea synthesis and the increase in the adenine nucleotide content. 8. The basal O2 consumption, the increased O2 consumption on the addition of oleate and the rate of formation of ketone bodies were not affected by the addition of adenosine. The [beta-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio was increased by adenosine, provided that lactate was present. 9. The increase of the adenine nucleotide content of the hepatocytes on the addition of adenosine may be explained on the assumption that adenosine kinase is not regulated by feedback but by substrate supply. PMID- 1227506 TI - The activation of non-phosphorylating electron transport by adenine nucleotides in Jerusalem-artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) mitochondria. AB - In isolated plant mitochondria the oxidation of both succinate and exogenous NADH responded in the expected manner to the addition of ADP or uncoupling agents, and the uncoupled rate of respiration was often in excess of the rate obtained in the presence of ADP. However, the oxidation of NAD+-linked substrates responded in a much more complex manner to the addition of ADP or uncoupling agents such as carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone to mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate plus malate failed to result in a reliable stimulation; this uncoupled rate could be stimulated by adding AMP or ADP in the presence of oligomycin or bongkrekic acid. Spectrophometric measurements showed that the addition of AMP or ADP resulted in the simultaneous oxidation of endogenous nicotinamide nucleotide and the reduction of cytochrome b. ADP was only effective in bringing about these changes in redox state in the presence of Mg2+ whereas AMP did not require Mg2+. It was concluded that AMP activated the flow of electrons from endogenous nicotinamide nucleotide to cytochrome b, possible at the level of the internal NADH dehydrogenase. PMID- 1227505 TI - Changes in cellular composition during magnesium deficiency. AB - Mg deficiency increased the water content of the liver, kidney, heart and thigh muscle in the rat and decreased the proportion of nitrogen in the dry matter of the same tissues. Changes in the concentration of metals also occurred. 2. Cellular fractional indicated that the Mg and K depleted in liver occurred primarily in the heavy-mitochondrial and microsomal fractions respectively. The calcification of liver and kidney was due to preferential deposition of Ca in the heavy-mitochondrial fraction. 3. The proportion of cellular nitrogen present in the heavy-mitochondrial and microsomal fractions was markedly decreased in the liver and kidney of the Mg-deficient rats, and the proportion in the supernatant fraction increased. 4. Electron microscopy revealed that the cross-sectional areas of liver cells and all their mitochondria were decreased in Mg deficiency. The number of mitochondrial per cell was decreased even more severely and the average area of a mitochondrion was greater in deficient rats than in control animals. 5. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the location of the primary metabolic disturbance during Mg deficiency. PMID- 1227507 TI - Enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis in small-intestinal mucosa of foetal and neonatal guinea pigs. AB - 1. The activities of some enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis were measured in homogenates obtained from the intestinal scrapings of 62-66-day foetuses and 2- and 8-day-old guinea pigs. 2. The ratio of protein concentration/DNA concentration was significantly higher (P greater than 0.001) in homogenized tissue from the neonatal compared with the foetal guinea pigs. Enzyme activities were therefore expressed relative to both protein and to DNA. 3. The specific activities (relative to DNA) of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatase were higher in homogenized tissues from neonatal than in those from the foetal guinea pigs. These activities are probably involved more in cell proliferation than in the absorption and transport of triacylglycerol. Its activity was not significantly different in the foetal and neonatal guinea pigs when expressed relative to DNA but it was lower in the neonatal guinea pigs when expressed relative to protein. The entry of food into the intestine after birth is therefore not necessary for its activity. PMID- 1227508 TI - An investigation of the location and possible compartmentation of the precursor pool of phenylalanine for protein synthesis in human granulocytes. AB - Evidence is presented that in human granulocytes the immediate precursor pool of phenylalanine for protein synthesis in vitro is intracellular significant compartmentation. PMID- 1227509 TI - Role of cytosolic rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in the oxidation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism in vivo. AB - The activity of a high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver cytosol was increased by phenobarbital induction. No corresponding increase in the oxidation rate of acetaldehyde in vivo was found, and it is concluded that cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase plays only a minor role in the oxidation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism. PMID- 1227511 TI - Monoamine oxidase activity in blood platelets from patients with cyclophrenic depressive syndromes. PMID- 1227512 TI - Fallacies in the determination of total fluorine and nonionic fluorine in the diffusates of unashed sera and ultrafiltrates. PMID- 1227510 TI - Colchicine inhibition of the heparin-stimulated release of clearing-factor lipase from isolated fat-cells. AB - When isolated fat-cells are incubated at 25 degrees C in serum-based media containing glucose, insulin and heparin, the rise that occurs in the clearing factor lipase activity of the incubation medium is inhibited by colchicine. The rise in the fat-cell clearing-factor lipase activity that occurs during similar incubations in the absence of heparin is not affected by colchicine. PMID- 1227513 TI - Application of selective demasking to the spectrophotometric assay of erythrocyte zinc. PMID- 1227514 TI - Thiamine deficiency and the hepatic pentose phosphate cycle. PMID- 1227515 TI - Effect of nitro blue tetrazolium dye on the hexose monophosphate shunt activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 1227516 TI - A comparison of four preparations of erythropoiesis regulatory factors. PMID- 1227517 TI - [Irreversible degradation rate of free essential amino acids in vivo]. AB - A method for determining "in vivo" the irreversible degradiation rate of essential free amino acids has been described. This rate of degradation is not uniform from one amino acid to the other, but is specific for each one. It can be modified by food intake. Under the influence of a moderate quantity of growth hormone the irreversible degradation rate of six amino acids (Ileu, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr and Val) was significantly decreased. This does explain the general anabolizing effect of the hormone. The administration of moderate quantities of coritsone has a specific effect on the degradation of essential free amino acids; it increases the rate of degradation of Met, Thr and Val but the rate of degradation of Ileu was unchanged. Therefore the catabolic effect of cortisone could presumably be explained by an accelerated rate of degradation of some essential free amino acids. PMID- 1227518 TI - [Heat production by breast neoplasms. IV. Influence of growth rate and probability of lymphatic dissemination during spontaneous development]. AB - Growth rate and heat production of breast carcinomas have been investigated during the natural evolution of 21 untreated cancers, all with small tumour size (greater than or equal to 3 cm) and most of them were treated by surgery (excision of growth, mastectomy). Three original facts have thus been discovered : a) the specific heat power 1 (i.e. the heat quantity generated by the tumour per untis of volume and time, computed from from intramammary temperature and thermal conductivity measurements made using of fluvographic needle probes), is typical of each cancer and re7ains remarkably constant during the growth in spite of themorphological and of the morphological and circulatory changes; b) the tumour doubling time tau2v (calculated from measurements of the tumour size effected at various stages of the evolution by assuming an exponential growth), is univocally related to 1 by a hyperbolic law so that the faster the tumour is growing themore heat generates; c) q is significanty higher and tau2v shorter in all cases where the histological examination has revealed signs of lymphatic dissemination (carcinomatous lymphangitis, lymph node metastases,...). Practically q represents a quantitative criteria useful for setting with objectivity the pre-therapeutical prognosis of cancers clinically classified T1 or T2 and of circumscribed no palpable cancers. Similar but less accurate prognostic information may also be obtained by cutaneous thermography (infrared, liquid crystals) considering the intensity, extent and topography of the skin hyperthermia frequently elicited by the cancer. Thid aid to prognosis of the thermal methods is all the more valuable as the tumour doubling time cannot be evaluated under the customary clinical conditions. PMID- 1227519 TI - Follow-up report on the syndrome identification and consultation service. PMID- 1227520 TI - Probable Marden-Walker syndrome: evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance. AB - Two first cousins, the offspring of consanguineous marriages, had features suggestive of Marden-Walker syndrome. Phenotypic similarities and differences for Schwartz-Jampel syndrome have been discussed. Main features of the Marden-Walker syndrome are failure to thrive, marked motor and mental retardation, and multiple malformations in the form of peculiar facies associated wilth poor muscle mass, mild congenital joint contractures, pigeon breast, kyphoscoliosis and arachnodactyly. Peculiar facies is due to blepharophimosis, congenital ptosis, hypoplastic mandible and low-set and malformed ears. Posterior median cleft of the palate as well as cardiac and renal anomalies were noted in the case reported by Marden and Walker. Our Case 2 had dextrocardia. The present report suggests autosomal recessive inheritance of this syndrome. PMID- 1227521 TI - A patient with the Larsen syndrome. AB - A child with the Larsen syndrome is described. His multiple malformations included a flattened nasal bridge and other unusual facial features, a cleft palate, a poorly developed larynx and dislocations involving several joints. PMID- 1227522 TI - The Larsen syndrome, autosomal dominant form. AB - A mother and her newborn with the characteriestic facial features, congenital dislocations and other associated skeletal anomalies of the hands, feet and vertebras associated with the Larsen syndrome are described. It seems likely that the mode of inheritance in this family is that of an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 1227523 TI - Cutis laxa and associated anomalies. PMID- 1227524 TI - A previously unrecognized X-linked syndrome of dysmorphia. PMID- 1227525 TI - The Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. AB - The Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome (SCS) is characterized by craniosynostosis, low-set frontal hairline, parrot-beaked nose with deviated septum, ptosis of the eyelids, strabismus, refractive error, tear duct stenosis, dystopia canthorum, brachydactyly and abnormal dermatoglyphic patterns. The syndrome follows an autosomal dominant mode of transmission with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. Many cases of SCS have been previously reported but erroneously diagnosed as Crouzon syndrome, "pseudo-Crouzon" syndrome, simple craniosynostis, microcephaly or other inappropriate diagnostic category. Based on the findings in 6 kindreds with 31 affected individuals and an analysis of well-documented cases from the literature, the syndrome is delineated. Close attention to minor skeletal anomalies and "incidental" findings is emphasized. PMID- 1227526 TI - Roentgencephalometric studies of the premature craniofacial synostoses: report of a family with the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. AB - Five affected individuals in 4 generations of a family with acrocephalosyndactyly (McKusick ACS Type III; Saethre-Chotzen syndrome) are reported. Serial roentgencephalometric data obtained pre- and postoperatively on the proband were compared with similar measurements on the affected mother and maternal uncle, both of whom have not had operative corrections, and the proband's unaffected older brother. Similarity in skull form among the affected individuals was demonstrated. Head circumference as an index of cranial growth or intracranial capacity was misleading in assessing the intellectual potential of the affected adults. In contrast, cranial capacity, as measured by the modulus, was found to be more reliable. PMID- 1227527 TI - The Kleeblattschadel anomaly. AB - Two cases with the characteristic features of the Kleeblattschadel anomaly are presented. The precise etiology of this rare syndrome is unknown and no genetic or environmental factors have been identified to date. Within the spectrum of disorders characterized by craniostenosis, the Kleeblattschadel anomaly appears to represent the most severe degree of expression. An early aggressive neurosurgical approach to correct the cranial malformation did not significantly alter the poor prognosis in these two patients. PMID- 1227528 TI - Limb malformations in the cloverleaf skull anomaly. AB - An Egyptian child with the rare cloverleaf skull anomaly had associated limb malformations which suggested that he had the Pfeiffer syndrome with severe skull involvement. The cloverleaf skull is an anomaly which may occur as a part of several syndromes. Careful study of skeletal changes, particularly limb malformations, may be the clue to the different syndromes with which cloverleaf skull may be associated. PMID- 1227529 TI - The Aarskog-Scott syndrome in four brothers. PMID- 1227530 TI - Polysplenia syndrome with skeletal and central nervous system anomalies. AB - A case of polysplenia syndrome with severe skeletal and central nervous system anomalies is presented. Similar cases from the literature with particular reference to skeletal anomalies are discussed. The need for systematic radiologic examination in cases of "splenia" syndromes is emphasized. PMID- 1227531 TI - New syndromes of mental retardation. AB - During a survey of a selected group of residents of an institution for the mentally retarded, four previously undescribed syndromes were found. They were characterized as follows: cerebral maldevelopment, dwarfism and cataracts (autosomal recessive inheritance); cerebral maldevelopment, dwarfism and facial osteoproliferation (autosomal recessive inheritance); cerebral maldevelopment and colobomata (autosomal recessive inheritance); and cerebral maldevelopment and acrocephaly (X-linked recessive inheritance). PMID- 1227532 TI - Three familial midline malformtion syndromes of the central nervous system: agenesis of the corpus callosum and anterior horn-cell disease; agenesis of cerebellar vermis; and atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. AB - Three syndromes are presented in which major midline malformations of the central nervous system were associated with characteristic somatic and neurologic features in 2 or more sibs. The malformations may be suspected on clinical grouds but require confirmation by pneumoencephalography. In 3 French-Canadian sibships from the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean area of Quebec, patients with areflexia, muscular wasting and slowly progressive weakness in a paraparetic distribution were proved to have agenesis of the corpus callosum and anterior horn-cell disease, a syndrome not previously described. In another family, mental retardation, ataxia and episodic hyperpnea were associated with agenesis of the cerebellar vermis in 4 sibs. In yet another French-Canadian family, atrophy of the cerebellar vermis was associated with mental retardation, ataxia and a mild pyramidal syndrome. Because malformations of this nature are usually considered sporadic or multifactorial in origin, recognition of these specific clinical syndromes with probable autosomal recessive inheritance is important from the point of view of genetic counseling and prevention. PMID- 1227533 TI - Holoprosencephaly: birth data, benetic and demographic analyses of 30 families. AB - Thirty families were studied to determine genetic and evnironmental factors involved in holoprosencephaly. Those with chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Many factors appear to cluster in proband families, such as mental retardation, mental illness, endocrine disorders, increased twinning and poverty level socioeconomic status. The empiric recurrence risk was 6%. Among 7 with lobar holoprosencephaly, there were 3 females and 4 males, while there were 19 females and 6 males with alobar holoprosencephaly. PMID- 1227534 TI - Mulibrey nanism: review of 23 cases of a new autosomal recessive syndrome. AB - Mulibrey (muscle, liver, brain, eye) nanism is probably an autosomal recessive condition characterized by progressive growth failure of prenatal onset, triangular face with hydrocephaloid skull, general thinness and muscular hypotonicity, peculiar voice, venous congestion caused by pericardial constriction, and pigment dispersion and yellowish dots in ocular fundi. Two thirds of the patients had cutaneous nevi flammei and one third cystic fibrous dysplasia of the tibia. Probably a substantial portion of the affected are lost by early abortion and others by infantile death. The physical capacity and life expectancy seem to vary depending on the degree of the cardiac affection. PMID- 1227535 TI - Growth deficiency, facial dysmorphogenesis and brachydactyly: a new syndrome. PMID- 1227536 TI - The syndrome of generalized lipodystrophy. PMID- 1227537 TI - Congenital Marfan syndrome. PMID- 1227538 TI - Marfan syndrome treated with propranolol. PMID- 1227539 TI - The Marfanoid hypermobility syndrome. PMID- 1227540 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with probable recessive inheritance and hydroxylysine deficient collagen. PMID- 1227541 TI - Generalized dysmorphia of a similar type in two unrelated babies. PMID- 1227542 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with aortic aneurysm. PMID- 1227543 TI - Skin cancer in a patient with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 1227544 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta with aortic valve replacement. PMID- 1227545 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta with floppy mitral valve syndrome. PMID- 1227546 TI - Opalescent dentine with osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 1227548 TI - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. PMID- 1227547 TI - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva treated with diphosphonate. PMID- 1227549 TI - Congenital generalized fibromatosis. PMID- 1227550 TI - Stiff skin syndrome. PMID- 1227551 TI - Cornelia de Lange syndrome in an Egyptian child. PMID- 1227552 TI - Another disorder with prenatal shortness of stature and premature aging. PMID- 1227553 TI - New syndrome of skeletal, dental and hair anomalies. AB - A Brother and sister are presented with the following abnormalities: dolichocephaly with tendency toward premature closure of the sagittal suture; antimongoloid slant of the eyes with epicanthal folds, full cheeks, everted lip, multiple oral frenula, mildly high-arched palate, and microdontia with possible enamel defect; posteriorly rotated low-set pinnae with deficient cartilage; a small short thorax with pectus excavatum; unusual dermatoglyphics, and abnormal hair growth and stucture; disproportionate shortening of the fibulae and the middle and distal phalanges of the toes and fingers; and somewhat flattened epiphyses. A paternal aunt gave birth to a stillborn dwarfed male with some of the same clinical features. Although an autopsy was obtained, unfortunately no roentgenograms were made. PMID- 1227556 TI - Hallerman-Streiff syndrome. PMID- 1227555 TI - Mohr syndrome and skeletal dysplasia, ? New syndrome. PMID- 1227554 TI - Two male sibs with a previously unrecognized syndrome: facial dysmorphia, hyperextensibility of joints, clinodactyly, growth retardation and mental retardation. PMID- 1227557 TI - Treacher Collins syndrome. PMID- 1227558 TI - Apert syndrome. PMID- 1227559 TI - Trapezoidocephaly, midfacial hypoplasia and cartilage abnormalities with multiple synostoses and skeletal fractures. PMID- 1227560 TI - The Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome in sibs. PMID- 1227561 TI - Ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 1227563 TI - Cerebral gigantism. PMID- 1227562 TI - Association of microtia with supravalvular aortic stenosis. PMID- 1227564 TI - Low birthweight dwarfism. PMID- 1227565 TI - Low birthweight syndrome with asymmetric skeletal anomalies and persistent proteinuria. PMID- 1227566 TI - Oligophrenic, low birthweight dwarfism in sibs. PMID- 1227567 TI - Low birthweight syndrome in two brothers. PMID- 1227568 TI - Aarskog-Scott syndrome of unusual facies, joint hypermobility, genital anomaly and short stature. PMID- 1227569 TI - A child with facial and skeletal dysmorphia reminiscent of Schwartz syndrome. PMID- 1227570 TI - A possible new syndrome. PMID- 1227571 TI - Syndrome of polydactyly, micromelia, genital hypoplasia and respiratory distress (Majewski syndrome). PMID- 1227572 TI - Marden-Walker syndrome. PMID- 1227573 TI - Study of a child with an "idiopathic" malformation/mental retardation syndrome. PMID- 1227574 TI - Two new familial cases of the G syndrome. PMID- 1227575 TI - The C syndrome. PMID- 1227576 TI - Syndrome of onychotrichodysplasia with chronic neutropenia in an infant from consanguineous parents. PMID- 1227577 TI - [Content and proliferative activity of granulocyte and macrophage cell-precursors in mice]. PMID- 1227578 TI - [Development of 7--11-week-old human embryonic gonads in organ culture]. AB - The author suggests a simplified method of organic culture of the human gonads. Gonads (160) from 7--11-week embryos were cultivated on millipore filters in penicillin bottles. During the first week of cultivation the central necroses were observed both in the male and the female gonads, but later they disappeared in some of the explants. In the ovaries from the 9--11-week embryos the germ cells underwent development which continued to the pachytene stage, while in the ovaries from the 7--9-week embryos the development of the germ cells failed to reach the leptotene stage. In the case of testis germ cells they remained at the stage of spermatogonia. PMID- 1227579 TI - [The fluorescent catecholamine reaction in neurons of the intervertebral sensory ganglion]. AB - Falck and Hillarp's method (modified by E.M. Krokhina) was applied to the study of intervertebral ganglia in 45 cats; Nissl's, Unna's methods, and staining for lipofluscin, as well as Masson-Fontana's method for detection of serotonin were used in parallel. Two types of neurons were revealed: a) neurons of the first type with a yellowish-white granularity in the region of the axon hill, dispersed yellowish granules and diffuse greenish fluorescence in the perikarion; b) neurons with an orange granularity accumulated in clustered along the whole territory of the perikarion. Both types of the neurons were surrounded by single adrenergic nerve fibers. PMID- 1227580 TI - [The nature of differences in beta-adrenergic receptors]. AB - Results of investigation of the affinity between teranol (practalol), alpheprol (alprenolol), propranolol to beta-adrenoreceptors of various organs confirmed the division of these receptors into two subtypes. The action of isadrin on beta1 adrenoreceptors of the myocardium and smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract was accompanied by changes in Ca2+ entrance into the cells. With the action of isadrin on beta2-adrenoreceptors of the trachea and the vessels there was seen an intensification of the Ca2+ ions from the cells and a reduction of the smooth muscle tone. PMID- 1227581 TI - [Pathomorphologic characteristics of the regional lymph nodes in hydronephrosis]. AB - The dependence of pathomorphological changes in the regional lymphatic ganglia of the dog's kidney upon the duration of experimental hydronephrosis is shown. The development of necrosis in some of them points out indirectly to the participation of the renal lymphatic system in carrying off the urine saturated with toxic products persisting in it for a long period. Increased dilatation of intermediate and medullary sinuses is connected with continuous inflow of the lymph that contributes to its congestion and then leads to the retrograde flow. A mechanical obstraction appears on the way of lymph and this fact aggravates mechanical insufficiency of the lymph circulation. At the same time this particular case is lymphogenic sclerosis, which is induced by acumulation of disturbed metabolism products in the intermediate tissue brought by the lymph. PMID- 1227582 TI - [A simple method for objective assessment of the state of blood flow in small blood vessels]. PMID- 1227583 TI - [Characteristics of human embryonal hepatocytes cultivated in vitro]. AB - A simple and reproducible method for cultivation of human embryo (7--12-week) hepatocytes in a monolayer is presented. The culture showed the capacity for limited growth, displayed a viability for 4 to 6 weeks without being subcultured, and retained some specific characteristics: synthesis of serum protein (albumin and alpha-fetoprotein), a significant amount of glycogen, a high activity of monaminooxidase, and a characteristics response to a high concentration of glucocorticoids. These properties are useful as markers for genetic experiments or for selection. PMID- 1227584 TI - [The effect of cholinergic substances on individual mechanoreceptors--Pacinian corpuscles]. AB - Acetylcholine and nicotine application to the intact pacinian corpuscle failed to stimulate the spike activity, but changed the sensitivity to the mechanical stimulation: low concentration (1.10(-6) g/ml) increased the sensitivity and high concentration (1.10(-4) g/ml) decreased it. This influence can be attributed to the action of these substances on the structures which generate the action potentials. Acetylcholine application to decapsulated pacinian corpuscles stimulated the appearance of the spike activity. This reaction was possibly connected with the acetylcholine influence on the mechanoreceptive zones proper. Tubocurarine or hexonium application of decapsulated pacinian corpuscles led to depression of the sensitivity of the receptor to the mechanical stimulation that can also be explained by the participation of acetylcholine in the process of adequate receptor stimulation. PMID- 1227585 TI - [Formation of a specific antigen in spinal cord synaptic structures of rats with local tetanus]. PMID- 1227586 TI - [The effect of cervical sympathetic ganglia extirpation on the growth of rats during postnatal ontogenesis]. AB - Bilateral extirpation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia carried out during the first month after the birth of ratlings caused a delay in growth by 40 60%. Section of pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers and also sham operations failed to lead to any significant changes. Normal growth and skeletal development were disturbed in gangliectomized rats: the zone of growth of the proximal end of the tibia was much narrower in the operated animals than in the intact ones and there was a delay in the spread of secondary ossification centres. PMID- 1227587 TI - [The effect of functional overstrain of the central nervous system and endocrine disorders on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in dogs]. AB - In a chronic experiment (up to 6 years) on dogs (13) a protracted functional overstrain of the CNS was associated with an additional action changing the hormonal background (castration and mercasolyl injection). A steady hypercholesteremia, atherosclerotic changes in different intraorganic arteries, particularly in the myocardium, developed in dogs; dystrophic processes occurred in the parenchyma of various organs. An important role of functional overstrain of the CNS as one of the leading factors of the "risk" determining the development of disturbances of the regulation of lipid metabolism and formation of the atherosclerotic process in the vessels was demonstrated. PMID- 1227588 TI - [The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the development of infarct-like myocardial necroses experimentally induced in rats by a single administration of novodrin (isopropylnoreadrenaline)]. AB - It appeared that acetylsalicylic acid considerably decreased both development of the infarction-like foci of necrosis and primary damage of the myocardial cells experimentally induced in animals by direct action of novodrin and expressed in the course of the first hour. This led to the supposition that acetylsalicylic acid not only prevented platelet aggregation, but also increased the resistance of the myocardial cells to the injurious action of catecholamines. PMID- 1227589 TI - [Mechanisms of catecholamine synthesis disorders in the adrenals of rats subjected to physical fatigue]. AB - There was a depression of transformation of noradrenaline, DOPA and thyrosine added in vitro, into catecholamines in the adrenal glands of rats after swimming for a period of 8 hours. This permitted to suppose a depression of the activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transpherase, DOPA-decarboxylase, and, possibly, of tyrosine hydroxylase under these conditions. After the end of swimming, in the presence of 1-tyrosine, there is at first an activation of noradrenaline synthesis, and then there occurs a gradual normalization (on the 7th day) of adrenaline formation. In rats trained for a period of 2 months the extent of reduction of the catecholamine synthesis in the adrenal glands in response to the 8-hour swimming was much less in comparison with the untrained aniamals. PMID- 1227590 TI - [Change in the rheologic properties of blood during the early postreanimation period]. AB - Experiments were conducted on nembutal-anesthetized cats; a study was made of the dynamic viscosity of the blood, and also of an aggregation capacity of the blood formed elements for two hours of the postresuscitative period. There was established an increase in the viscosity both in the zone of a low (1.82 dynes/cm2) and high (10.94 dynes/cm2) sear stress. A definite role in increase of the blood viscosity is played by a rise in the hematocrite index and by enhanced aggregation capacity of the blood formed elements. PMID- 1227591 TI - [The functional state of the thyroid gland following partial pancreatectomy]. AB - In Wistar rats a study was made of a functional condition of the thyroid gland 1, 6 and 24 hours after partial pancreatectomy. The following signs-served as criteria of a functional condition of the gland: the amount of neutrone-activated iodine in iron, iodine-absorptive capacity of the gland by I131, the amount of protein-bound stable and radioactive iodine in the blood, a morphological condition of the gland structures. It was demonstrated that, despite the initial intensification of the process of synthesis and secretion in the thyroid gland, its secretory activity fell by the end of the experiment. This reduction is regarded as an adaptive response to partial insulin deficiency. PMID- 1227592 TI - [Decrease in the reactivity of rats to androgen under conditions of alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 1227593 TI - [The effect of sporofusarin on the cell membranes of isolated perfused liver]. AB - A study was made of the effect of sporofusarin (mycotoxin produced by Fusarium Sporotrichiella v. Sporotrichoides) on the functional activity and permeability of cell membranes of the isolated perfused rat liver. Sporofusarin (in the end concentration of 5.9 . 10(-5) M) produced a marked depressive effect on the rate of bile, formation, urea synthesis and oxygen consumption, and also caused an early and marked disturbance of permeability of the lysosomal and plasma membranes of hepatocytes (an increase in the activity of the enzymes--beta acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulfatases A and B, beta galactosidase in the supernatant fluid of liver homogenate and in the perfusata). It is supposed that depression of the functional activity of the liver under the effect of sporofusarin resulted from damage of the membrane structures of the cell, and, primarily, of lysosomes. PMID- 1227594 TI - [RNA synthesis in the brains of rats with changes in the function of their central nervous systems]. AB - A method of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was applied to the study of the RNA synthesis in the phenol nuclei and the cytoplasm of the cells of the higher portions of the brain in rats under normal conditions, during training of these animals in the motor-defence habit in a complicated labyrinth, and in active control (irregular presentation of motor-defence stimuli). Behaviouristic stimulation and an irregular presentation to the animals of the same stimuli as in the elaboration of habits, but not leading to their formation, activated the RNA synthesis in the phenol nuclei with sedimentation characteristics of 18S, 28S and over. Thy cytoplasmic RNA displayed an increase in the labeled precursor incorporation in the 18S region. PMID- 1227595 TI - [Change in the optical rotatory dispersion characteristics of serum albumin of patients with appendicitis and cholecystitis]. AB - The authors studied the optic rotation dispersion of serum albumin in patients suffering from cholecystitis and acute appendicitis. Conforming changes in these forms of pathology characterized by despiralization processes were established. A method of purification of albumin from its modified forms, possibly causing the mentioned changes in the albumin structure is suggested. PMID- 1227596 TI - [The effect of neutotropic substances on motor excitation in dogs induced by amizil]. AB - The motor activity of dogs was quantitatively recorded before and after the intramuscular injection of amizyl (2 mg/kg). Amizyl was found to induce hyperactivity for 2-3 hours. Galanthamine (3 mg/kg) blocked the effect of amizyl. Etaperazine was the most active substance of the neuroleptic tranquillizers tested. Chlorpromazine and diazepam deranged the dogs' state. Diazepam and haloperidol potentiated the effect of amizyl. Motor hyperactivity induced by amizyl is supposed to be connected with anticholinergic mechanisms; no neuroleptics with cholinolytic properties should be used for the treatment of amizyl intoxication. PMID- 1227597 TI - [Antagonistic effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on several effects of aminoxyacetic acid]. AB - A well-known protective effect of aminooxyacetic acid against thiosemicarbazide convulsions was confirmed; it was shown that a similar, although somewhat weaker activity, was exerted by sodium hydroxybutyrate. Surprisingly, the effect of aminooxyacetic acid was diminished by sodium hydroxybutyrate. Sodium hydroxybutyrate in combination with aminooxyacetic acid decreased the protective activity of the latter against thiosemicarbazide convulsions and diminished the extent of GABA accumulation characteristic of aminooxyacetic acid action. This effect is attributed to the competition between the aminooxyacetic acid, sodium hydroxybutyrate and GABA for alpha-ketoglutarate-GABA-transaminase and possible for the GABA-ergic receptor. PMID- 1227598 TI - [ The effect of prostaglandin E1 and noradrenaline on the tone of cerebral vessels and arterial pressure]. AB - Acute experiments were conducted on cats; it was found that prostaglandine (PG) E1 produced a contrary effect on the tone of the cerebral vessels and on systemic arterial pressure depending on the presence of ethanol in its solution. Blocking of PG biosynthesis with indometacine promoted a marked increase in the vasoconstrictor reaction of the cerebral vessels and aided elevation of arterial pressure in response to noradrenaline administration. It is supposed that disturbance of PG biosynthesis in the organism could play a definite role in the genesis of hypertension and cerebrovascular disturbances. PMID- 1227599 TI - [Stimulation of cellular immunity and immunologic memory be somatotropic hormone]. AB - The role of somatotropic hormone (STH) in the development of delayed hypersensitivity and immunological memory was studied in guinea pigs. The STH injected at periods of sensitization and realization of delayed hypersensitivity stimulated the skin reactions. Suppression of the endogenic STH by the antiserum to the guinea pig. STH prevented development of hypersensitivity at both periods. Hypersensitivity was restored after the cessation of antiserum effects. The period of sensitization proved to be most sensitive, whereas the period of immunological memory persistence remained resistant. PMID- 1227601 TI - [Effect of the lining of the thymus gland on hematopoietic stem cell kinetics in a suspension of embryonic mouse liver]. AB - A study was made of the kinetics of hemopoietic stem cells in the organic culture of a suspension of mouse embryonic liver cultivated directly on the filters and on the preliminarily grown embryonic thymic feeder. It was shown that stem hemopoietic cells were retained in the course of one month of cultivation in the embryonic liver suspensions; during the first two weeks hemopoiesis in the suspension practically failed to differ from such in the fragments of the same age and cultivation period, whereas during the subsequent periods hemopoiesis proved to be more active in the suspension cultivated on thymic feeder. A possible participation of the thymus in the hemopoiesis is discussed. PMID- 1227600 TI - [The effect of strophanthin following administration of homocardiac antigen to animals with experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - A study was made of strophanthin sensitivity and hemodynamic effect of glycosidein immunization of rabbits with a homocardiac antigen on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the reproduction of myocardial infarction. The titre of anticardiac autoantibodies proved to decrease on the 10th day after the ligation of the coronary artery, and also there was a sharp reduction of strophanthin sensitivity by the values of the minimal lethal dose and the toxic one (causing cardiac arrhthmia). Changes in strophanthin tolerance under conditions of administration of the antigen from the myocardium with infarction are associated with the intensive immunopathological shifts in the heart. PMID- 1227602 TI - [Thermal sensation and the thermoregulatory vascular reactions in man]. AB - It was shown by the method of continuous highly sensitive thermometry of the human skin with a simultaneous recording of the verbal reports of the thermal feeling that the most important thermoregulatory reactions of the dermal vessels of the limbs were definitely related to the particular temperature sense. PMID- 1227603 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the mitotic activity and of the number of nuclei synthesizing DNA in sarcoma 37 in white mice]. AB - Circadian variations in the frequency of mitoses and the number of nuclei labed with thymidine-H3 in sarcoma-37 of mice were investigated. It was shown that the circadian rhythm of mitotic activity was composed of diurnal variations in the frequency of labeled and unlabeled mitoses. The G2-phase of mitotic cycle of the cells with labeled mitosis was approximately one hour. The G2-phase of the cells with unlabed mitosis lasted four hours and more. It is suggested that there are two cell populations in sarcoma-37. PMID- 1227604 TI - [Fluctuations in amino acid-H3 incorporation into the proteins of the isolated retina]. AB - The rate of amino acid incorporation into the mouse retina proteins was measured in dynamics of dark adaptation and at different terms of their stimulation by light. It was found that variations in dry weight of the ganglion retinal cells and in the incorporation of amino acids into their proteins occurred rhythmically, with the period of about one hour. PMID- 1227605 TI - [Kinetics of the main sections of the hematopoietic system in the process of postradiational regeneration]. AB - After a sublethal (200 rad) irradiation of mice there occurred during the first 24 hours in the bone marrow a marked reduction of the number of the stem (to 4%), committed precursors of granulocytes and macrophages (to 20%) and of the morphologically-identified cells (to 50%). Complete restoration of hemopoiesis was observed by the end of the 2 weeks after the irradiation and was primarily due to the exponential growth of the number of the stem cells and their intensified proliferation. An increase in the number of the committed precursors was retarded to the moment of restoration of the normal amount of cells in the bone marrow. PMID- 1227606 TI - [Projections of the somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex into the thalamic nuclei]. AB - Results of morphological studies of degenerated fibers indicated that the first somatosensory area of the cortex was connected by the descending cortico-thalamic fibers with the posterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus. The second somatosensory area was simultaneously connected with the caudal portion of the posterior ventral nucleus and with the nuclei of the posterior group of the thalamus. The mentioned cortico-thalamic connections were distributed by the somatotopic principle. PMID- 1227608 TI - [Histological changes in the kidneys in prolonged alloxan prediabetes, latent and manifest diabetes]. PMID- 1227607 TI - [Proliferation of piriform neurons in the rat cerebellar cortex in the pre- and postnatal periods of development]. AB - The method of histoautoradiography with the use of H3-thymidine was applied to the study; there were established the periods of appearance in the cerebellar anlage of albino rats of neuroblasts differentiated into the piriform neurones of the cerebellar cortex; dynamics of the proliferative activity of these cellular elements in the course of the pre- and postnatal periods of development of the experimental animals was investigated. On the basis of the material obtained a conclusion was drawn that the last cell divisions (the result of cell differentiation were Purkinje's cells of the cerebellar cortex) stopped by the 13th--15th day of the embryonic development. No incorporation of the labeled precursor into the DNA of the nuclei of the differentiating piriform neurons occurred later. PMID- 1227609 TI - [Cytological study of a continuous swine embryonic kidney cell line with a persistent Toxoplasma infection]. AB - Invasion of the PEK cell culture by toxoplasma did not cause any sharp disruption of the vital activity of the cells and failed to lead to their rapid degeneration. The observed changes in the morphology of the host cells were apparently chiefly the result of a purely mechanical pressure of the vacuoles on the nucleus and the cytoplasm, although the extreme forms of disturbances of the cell morphology were possibly associated with their greater injury. No complete "selfpurification" of the cells apparently occurred, since despite the marked reduction in the number of parasites a possibility of reinfection with toxoplasma of the culture at the later periods after the infection could not be excluded. PMID- 1227610 TI - [Study of the nature of toxic factors in burns on sterile guinea pigs]. AB - Experiments were conducted on sterile and contaminated guinea pigs. The toxicity of the serum and the water-salt extracts of the internal organs after the burn was studied by the action on the leukocyte migration in a culture. Despite the complete absence of the microbial flora, the toxic properties of the serum and of the extracts of the internal organs of the sterile animals were the same as in the contaminated organs. The data obtained pointed to the important role of the histiogenic factors in the development of burn intoxication. PMID- 1227611 TI - [Role of aldosterone in the initial stage of 2 forms of experimental vasorenal hypertension]. AB - The role of rat adrenal mineralocorticoid function in the development of experimental reno-vascular hypertension was studied. Na-retention action of aldosterone was blocked by means of verospiron. Daily excretion of aldosterone proved to be significantly increased in rats with unilateral stenosis of the renal artery (the contralateral kidney was intact). In ischemia of the only kidney there was seen no change in the activation of adrenal mineralocorticoid function. Administration of verospiron strongly suppressed the development of the first form of reno-vascular hypertension and had no effect on the blood pressure in rats with stenosis of the only kidney. PMID- 1227612 TI - [Relationship between the curve of the instantaneous pressure gradients and the enveloping heart sound]. AB - The curve of instantaneous pressure gradients between the communicating chambers of the heart represents the "enveloping" one of the cardiac sounds. This curve is proportional to the curve of the instantaneous rates of the blood flow in the given area of the system. Consequently, the higher the pressure gradient, the greater the rate of the blood flow and the greater the oscillation range on the phonocardiogram. PMID- 1227613 TI - [Electromyographic indices of lesion to the spinal cord following its trauma]. AB - There was revealed a possibility of making a more precise diagnosis of the extent of the spinal cord trauma with the aid of electromyography, even at the early period of treatment. The following indices revealed on the attempt to move indicated the absence of anatomical section of the spinal cord: 1) with the level of the trauma at D5--D10 the absence of retardation in time of inclusion into the activity of the lower portions of the long muscles of the body in comparison with their upper portions; 2) with the level of the trauma at D10--L5--L1--the presence of the activity in the muscles of the hip and the shin recorded even in the form of individual potentials of low amplitude; 3) irrespective of the level of the trauma, the appearance of the activity in the symmetrical muscles of one foot on the attempt to move the other one. Even in the presence of one positive index the motor functions were restored in the majority of the patients by the restitution type. PMID- 1227614 TI - [Interrelationship of the cardiovascular and digestive systems in the genesis of experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - In chronic experiments (up to 2 years) on dogs on atherogenic diets the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract, cholesterol, the phospholipid level in the blood and in the intestinal secretion as well as the morphology of the small intestine and the vascular system were examined. At the early stages of atherosclerosis (up to 4 months) the rise of the blood cholesterol level was followed by an increase in the periods of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, a rise of cholesterol discharge by the small intestine, and the development of the hypertrophic process in the mucous membrane. At the later stages a change in the mucous membrane of the small intestine was observed with development of a dystrophic-atrophic process, a disturbance of motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract and of the correlations between the cholesterol content in the blood and its discharge by the small intestine. This period was characterized by a high and persistent hypercholesterolemia and pronounced atherosclerotic changes in the vascular system. PMID- 1227615 TI - [Effects of stimulating the caudal zones of the mesencephalic reticular formation on the postcruciate cortex of the cat]. AB - The influence of the electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral (DL) and the ventromedial (VM) portions of the caudal area of the mesencephalic reticular formation on the neuronal activity of the lateral zone of the gyrus sygmoideus posterior was investigated in cats. The mesencephalo-cortical influences were mainly excitatory in character; the predominance of the neuronal reactions with a short latency (3--12 msec) during the VM stimulation and reactions with a longer latency (20--25 msec) during the DL stimulation was revealed. The VM and the DL were found to influence both cortical neurones, the ones sensitive to somesthetic stimuli (mono-, di- and polyvalent) and the ones which failed to respond to the electrocutaneous stimulation of the limbs. PMID- 1227616 TI - [Functional and biochemical parallels in two-stage devascularization of the liver]. AB - Experiments were performed on mongrel dogs. Biochemical changes of the blood and functional disturbances in the organism were studied after a two-stage devascularization of the liver at different periods after the second stage, i.e. after the ligation of the hepatic artery. Early disturbances in the intermediary metabolism were the consequence of the two-stage devascularization, i.e. of the rise of the pyruvate and the lactate, an increase of ammonia in the blood and serum transaminases. Biochemical changes of the blood precede and accompany the encephalopathia and serious hemodynamic disturbances in the organism. The mentioned method was capable of causing hepatic coma. PMID- 1227617 TI - [Bone strength in hypokinesia]. AB - Experiments (20- and 100-day) on rats showed that decrease of the animal motor activity with preserved static function of the extremities led to a marked thinning of the cortical layer of the femoral bone. However, the ability of the whole bone to bear mechanical load decreased but slightly. An increase in the firmness of the bone tissue as a result of its mineralization compensated for the cortical layer thinning. PMID- 1227618 TI - [Survival rate of dogs in the recovery period after prolonged hypovolemic hypotension]. AB - Survival and completeness of the central nervous system functional restoration were investigated during the postreanimation period in 76 dogs, depending upon the duration of the hypovolemic hypotension, arterial pressure level and the subsequent transfusion therapy. Early polyglucine infusion to dogs who suffered 4 hours of hypovolemic hypotension increased the percentage of survived dogs and of dogs with complete neurological restoration as compared to the animals untreated with polyglucine. PMID- 1227619 TI - [Molecular forms of acid proteinases of the brain]. AB - Molecular forms of cathepsin D bound with subcellular structures were studied in the grey matter of the large hemispheres. Free and bound forms of the enzymes exposed to solubilization with detergent triton X-100 were fractionated by passage through a Sephadex G-100 column. Gel chromatographic analysis demonstrated three peaks of acid proteinase activity. Different areas of solubilization curves of acid proteinases corresponded to different molecular forms of cathepsins. The initial S-shape areas of solubilization curve corresponded to the first high molecular weight peak of the enzyme activity in the grey matter, whereas the subsequent linear ones -- to the second peak; the activity of free forms of the enzyme corresponded to the third peak. PMID- 1227620 TI - [Specificity and mechanism of serotonin stimulation of adenylate deaminase activity]. AB - Adenylate deaminating activity was stimulated in the liver mitochondria of rats in vivo not only by serotonin or synthetic indolylalkylamines, but also by phenyl and imidazolalkyamines. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide protein biosynthesis inhibitors prevented stimulation of adenylate deaminating activity. Theophylline, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, produced a similar effect only when the extent of stimulation of adenylate deaminating activity was comparatively high. PMID- 1227621 TI - [Presence of a renin inhibitor in the plasma of intact dogs]. AB - The authors elaborated a method of determination of the plasma renin inhibitor based on the statement that with successive dilution of the plasma the velocity of the renin + substrate reaction in the presence of an inhibitor fell more slowly than the extent of dilution, and, on the contrary, in the plasma without any inhibitor the rate of the reaction decreased more than the value of the plasma dilution. This statement follows from the equations of the reaction suggested by Dixon and Webb (1966). With the aid of this method the presence of the renin inhibitor in the plasma was found in 8 of 19 intact dogs examined. PMID- 1227622 TI - [Change in the glycogen content and its incorporation of glucose-1, 6-C14 in the myocardium on the administration of hydrocortisone]. PMID- 1227623 TI - [Free amino acids and some enzymes of placental amino acid metabolism at different stages of its development]. AB - There were revealed changes in the content of free amino acids and in the activity of glutamic dehydrogenase, aspartic- and alanine-aminotransferases in the course of development of the placenta in guinea pigs. The greatest values by the indices under study were reached by the 25th--30th days of pregnancy, i.e. by the period of final formation of the placenta. By the 40th day of pregnancy the activity of the enzymes and the content of free amino acids fell, and from the 45th day persisted at a certain stable level up to the occurrence of labour. PMID- 1227624 TI - [Participation of ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine in brain mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in white rats]. AB - It was shown that introduction of ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine in a concentration of 0.05 mumol into the fraction of the brain mitochondria increased the endogenous respiration and the P/O value. In insulin hypoglycemia introduction of the mentioned substances led to a proportional increase in the level of respiration and nonorganic phosphorus; due to this energy provision remained at the level of the intact rat indices. PMID- 1227626 TI - [Effect of audiogenic convulsions on the activity of n- and m-forms of lactate dehydrogenase in the neurons and neuroglia of different sections of central nervous system]. AB - It was shown spectrophotometrically that in Krushinsky-Molodkina and Wistar rats the ratio of the activity of the aerobic H-forms of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) to the activity of the anaerobic M-forms was higher in the neurons of the cerebral cortex and the Purkinje's cells of the cerebellum and in their glial cells satellites than in the motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord and their perineuronal glia. In Krushinsky-Molodkina rats (with genetically determined high sensitivity to audiogenic convulsions) epileptiform attacks under the effect of sound were accompanied by a marked activation of both the H- and the M-forms of LDH in the cortical neurons in the absence of any shifts in the perineuronal glia. On the contrary, the activity of all the forms of LDH was unchanged in the spinal motor neurons, whereas in the neuroglia cells surrounding these neurons there was a distinct increase in the activity of the H-forms of LDH. In the Purkinje's cells of the cerebellum an increase and in the glial cells satellites -- a reduction of the activity of the M-forms of LDH in case of convulsions was seen. PMID- 1227625 TI - [Adrenoreception characteristics of the neurons of the superior cervical and caudal mesenteric sympathetic ganglia of the cat]. AB - Experiments were conducted on the supeior cervical and the caudal mesenteric sympathetic ganglia of a cat; it was shown that dophamine (DA), similarly to noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A), depressed the cholinergic conduction. The activity of DA in the superior sympathetic ganglion was less than that of the NA and A 2- and 3-fold, respectively, and in the caudal mesenteric ganglia DA was 50 times more active than NA by the capacity to depress the cholinergic conduction. The effects of DA and NA in the superior cervical ganglia were eliminated by dyhydroergotamine, phentholamine and haloperidol, but not by tropaphen and chlorpormazine. In the caudal mesenteric ganglia the inhibitory effect of NA was decreased by phentholamine, dihydroergotamine and chlorpromazine, but not by haloperidol. On the contrary, haloperidol and chlorpromzine decreased the depressive effect of DA on the cholinergic conduction in the caudal mesenteric ganglion, whereas phentholamine, dihydroergotamine and deseryl proved to be ineffective. It is supposed that the manifestation of the dopaminergic mechanism of inhibition of cholinergic conduction in the caudal mesenteric sympathetic ganglion could underlie the dilatation of the mesenterial and renal vessels and its hypotensive action caused by DA. PMID- 1227627 TI - [Intracellular mechanism of the action of imipramine and diazepam]. AB - The content of noradrenaline during the action of antidepressant imipramine and a tranquilizer diazepam was determined in rats by differential centrifugation of the hypothalamus tissues. Imipramine was found to decrease the noradrenaline content in synaptosomes, whereas diazepam failed to evoke any similar effects. Thus, in the action mechanism of the first substance the adrenergic compound was of definite importance, while in the mechanism of the second one it took no part. PMID- 1227628 TI - [Effect of aminazine on cerebral circulation]. AB - In acute experiments on anesthetized cats intravenous injection of chloromazine (2--3 mg/kg) caused a reduction in the tone of the cerebral vessels and decreased the general arterial pressure. The cerebral blood circulation increased with the stable arterial pressure or its moderate decrease. With a significant fall of arterial pressure the cerebral blood flow proved to decrease. PMID- 1227629 TI - [Study of the correlation between the effects of phenamine and reserpine on models of the caudate arrest reaction]. AB - Chronic experiments were conducted on cats. It was revealed that the effect of d, 1-amphetamine reducing the inhibitory effects of the caudate nucleus on the motor function persisted after the reserpinization of the animals. Reduction of the inhibitory function of the caudate nucleus in the form of increased threshold of the causate retardation of movement under the effect of d,1-amphetamine was expressed more 24 hours after the administration of large doses of reserpine (0.3 mg'kg). This could be the result of increased sensitivity of dopaminergic receptors of the niqro-striate routes to the mediator by the principle of denervation. PMID- 1227630 TI - [Study of the mechanism of postcoital contraception in the combination of streoids and the central m-cholinolytic, amizil]. AB - Experiments on female rats showed the blocking of the M-cholinoreactive system with amizyl to significantly contribute to the estrogen/norsteroid contraceptive effect during the postcoital periods. This effect was accompanied by decrease in the gonadotropin level and by the change in the LH/FSH ratio, this creating an unfavourable background for implantation of the fertilized ovicell in the endometrium. There was a change in the transport rate in the tube and a delay in the decidual reaction. Changes in the rate of the ovicell transport were not accompanied by distrubances in the process of fertilization or with the cytotoxic action. Mestranol and ethynylestradiol in combination with norethynodrel (1:20) and with the central cholinolytic amizyl were agents with future prospects for short-term postcoital contraception. PMID- 1227631 TI - [Study of some oxidoreductases in nerve tissue culture]. AB - A change in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, of the NAD- and NADP diaphorases was studied in the dissociated culture of the cerebellum of neonatal rats under the effect of immune serum of the animals with an experimental allergic pertussis encephalomyelitis. There was revealed an increase in the activity of oligodendrocytes following a 3-hour exposure with the immune serum and a reduction of the activity of the enzymes under study in the same cells after a 12-hour exposure of the cultures with the serum. In difference from oligodendrocytes, the astrocytes displayed a high activity of all the enzymes under study after a 12-hour exposure. PMID- 1227632 TI - [Study of the rat parotid blood capillaries during a 3-hour feeding cycle]. AB - Regularities attending the change in the lumen diameter and the area of the endothelial cells were studied in the capillaries of the rat parotid gland during the secretory cycle under conditions of circulatory ischemia. The mean lumen diameter and the area of endothelial cells failed to change during the secretory cycle and during the occlusion of the carotid artery. It is thus supposed that enhanced capillary blood flow during the discharge of saliva could be explained by the growing number of the functioning capillaries. PMID- 1227634 TI - [Experimental study of the morphogenesis of nutmeg fibrosis of the liver]. AB - Partial structure of the inferior vena cava over the diaphragm carried out experimentally in dogs let to blood stasis in the liver. Biopsy material obtained at different experimental periods demonstrated that fibrosis began to develop from the central and collective veins as a result of proliferation of the fibroblasts of the vein adventitita and "emigration" of the fucsinophilic fibers into the adjacent parenchyma. In parallel there occurred a neoformation of the connective tissue in the areas of hemorrhages and necroses associated with proliferation of the Kupffer's cells. Nutmeg fibrosis proved to have a cellular genesis and as associated with increased tropocollagen activity of fibroblasts. PMID- 1227633 TI - [Functional characteristics of light and dark cells]. AB - Comparison of peculiarties attending the structure of mitochondria in the dark and light cells with the results of studying the respiration of condensed, intermediate and orthodoxic mitochondria showed that dark cells containing condensed mitochondria were at the state of rest or specific activity associated with a high level of bioenergetic and biosynthetic processes. Light cells with a preponderant content of intermediate mitochondria are characterized by the state of active specific activity accompanied by a high energy potential, intensified energy expenditure and a reduction of the level of biosynthetic processes. Light cells with a prevalence of orthodoxic mitochondria are characterized by a low level of energy provision and a predominance of the processes of decomposition of structures over their resynthesis. PMID- 1227635 TI - [Combinatorial relations in the EEG spectrum]. AB - The geometric mean frequency of any EEG wave divides its frequency band B into sub-bands b and s. For the wave beta the values s, b and B are the subsequent elements of the geometric progression with denominator equals to the invariant of the gold section. A hypothesis was proposed that all the EEG waves were described by the system SG of the recurrence equations. This system was derived by the generalization of the Fibonacci generating function. Theoretical invariants Ilambda of the system and experimental ratios b/s were found to coincide with the quadratic mean error equals to 1%. The system SG predicts the existence of the EEG waves, rho and sigma (55-118, 118-225 cycles per sec.), which have not yet been discovered experimentally. PMID- 1227636 TI - [Reaction of rat embryo tissues to mechanical trauma and to infection with Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209)]. AB - Experiments were conducted on albino rat embryos. A study was made of healing of the skin wounds and the reaction of the tissues to the intrauterine injection of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209). In horizontal cut the orthotonic position of the fetus and retraction of the skeletal muscles prevented wound contraction and epithelialization of its surface. In vertical cut the margins of the wound were approximated and healing took place without formation of granulation tissue by epithelialization of the wound surface 2 days after the operations with regeneration of the squamous epithelium. To the action of the pathogenic staphylococcus the embryos responded by a local untypical reaction with the prevalence of alterative changes and the accumulation of the histiocyte like cells near some colonies. There was no exudative inflammatory reaction either during the trauma or in injection of a staphylococcus culture at all the periods of the intrauterine life. PMID- 1227637 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the spermatogenic epithelium and in the basic components of the blood-testis barrier in adult rats following repeated administration of estradiol dipropionate]. AB - Electron microscopic studies of the testes were conducted in intact adult Wistar rats and in rats given repeated injections of a 0.1% solution of estradiol dipropionate-0.3 mg week for 10 weeks. Administration of the hormone caused focal inhibition of spermatogenesis (6 weeks) accompanied by development of destructive changes in the spermatogenic cells. These pathological changes were reversible and disappeared two months after the cessation of the hormone injection, and the spermatogenesis was restored. Development of the pathological changes in the spermatogenic epithelium was accompanied by disturbances of the fine structure of the main components of the blood-test is barrier (Sertoli cells, tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules). PMID- 1227638 TI - [Method of morphometric study of the kidneys]. AB - The authors describe two measuring and counting method suitable for the morphometric and histometric analysis of the main structures of the kidneys: the volume of the cortical substance and medulla, the pelvis and vessels; the quantity, the size and the volume of glomeruli. PMID- 1227639 TI - [Change in factor XIII activity in plasma during thrombocyte aggregation]. AB - On addition to rat plasma, platelet-enriched, of active factor XIII (XIIIa), there occurred along with increase in the aggregation induced by ADP, a reduction in the activity of factor XIII in the plasma. Addition to the plasma of inactive factor XIII failed to influence either the degree of aggregation, or the change in the activity of factor XIII in the plasma in comparison with control samples. In platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, addition of factor XIII was accompanied by a marked fall of its activity in the plasma. In comparison with control, the extent of aggregation in this case decreased. The observed differences in the character of aggregation coursing in the presence of factor XIIIa when different aggregating agents (ADP and thrombin) were used were apparently due to the interaction of active factor XIII with thrombin added to the plasma in the capacity of an aggregating agent. PMID- 1227640 TI - [Thyroid gland function in heatstroke]. AB - Development of thermal stroke in rats with the action of high external temperature (45 degrees C) was accompanied by a reduction of accumulation of I131 in the thyroid gland, a fall in the protein-bound-iodine--I131 and in the amount of thyroxin in the peripheral blood plasma, and also by a fall in the rate of disappearance from the blood of Nal131 injected intravenously. A relative decrease of the content of mono- and particularly of diiodthyrosines, and also, slightly, of iodthyronines occurred in the trypsine hydrolyzates of the thyroid gland at the moment of the thermal stroke development. PMID- 1227641 TI - [Mechanism of hypoprothrombinemia and hypoproconvertinemia in experimental thyrotoxicosis]. AB - The changes in the thromboelastogram (TEG), the activity and disintegration of prothrombin and proconvertin were studied in experiments on rats with thyrotoxicosis induced by giving thyroidin per os. In marked thyroidin intoxication the majority of TEG indices shifted to hypocoagulation. The most distinct changes were: delayed thrombin formation, an increase in the general coagulation constant, and a decrease in the maximal amplitude. Besides, a decrease of the activity and an increase in prothrombin disintegration (particularly of proconvertin) was observed. It is supposed that increased disintegration of these procoagulants is of great importance in the pathogenesis of hypoprothrombinemia and hypoproconvertinemia in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 1227642 TI - [Erythrocyte resistance to destructive factors during craniocerebral hypothermia]. AB - Experiments were conducted on dogs; a study was made of the effect of cranio cerebral hypothermia on the erythrocyte resistance to the action of chemical and osmotic hemolytics. A reduction of the body temperature of the animals from 38 to 24 degrees C led to a reduction of the chemical resistance of red cells. Erythrocytes with the maximal stability disappeared from the circulation; cells with diminished stability became prevalent. A change of erythrocytes to the group with a minimal resistance was accompanied by redistribution erythrocytosis, this indicating the loss of the hemolytic function of the erythron. The osmotic stability of red blood cells under conditions of chilling either increased somewhat or persisted of the initial level. PMID- 1227643 TI - [Segmentary topography and ventilation gradients in human lungs]. AB - Segmentary topography of the air volume was studied by regional electroplethysmography of the lungs. A distinct apical-basal gradient was shown to be present in men tested in supine position, along with the dorsal-ventral gradient; the origin of the apical-basal gradient could not be explained from the point of view of the gravitational mechanism. A possibility of recalculation of the electroplethysmographic index of the percentage of the air content in the lobe of the lung to the regional air volume index in the lungs, and the principal possibility of calculation of the regional total lung capacity index with the help of electroplethysmography was shown. PMID- 1227644 TI - [Effect of polyethylene glycols of linear structure and different molecular weights on rat liver lysosomes]. AB - The action of nonionic detergents--polyethyleneglycols of the linear structure with various molecular weight (from 700 to 15 000) on the lysosomes of rat liver was studied. Triton X-100 activated the acid phosphatase of the sum total fraction of lysosomes to a greater degree than the rest of the polyethyleneglycols. The action of polyethyleneglycols on the activation of acid phosphatase in the lysosome subfractions was inconstant. The result obtained is explained from the aspect of the morphological and biochemical heterogeneity of lysosomes. On the basis of comparison of personal data and literature data a supposition is put forward that the resistance of lysosomes to the action of the polyethyleneglycols in vitro and in vivo was the same. PMID- 1227645 TI - [Subcellular distribution of acid hydrolases in rat liver during toxic hepatitis]. AB - Changes occurring in the lysosome population were assessed by the results of studies of intracellular distribution of the marker lysosome enzymes--acid phosphatase and acid RNAase. An acute (pure CCl4-0.15 ml per 100 g of weight into the stomach) and chronic (inhalation poisoning after Rabinovici and Wiener) toxic hepatitis was accompanied by an increase in the specific activity of the enzymes in the fraction of heavy mitochondria, this pointing to the change in the sedimentation properties of the lysosomes. An increase in "nonprecipitable" activity of the acid RNA-ase in chronic toxic hepatitis served as the sign of injury of the lysosome membranes. PMID- 1227646 TI - [Dynamics of the amino acid composition of the medium during cultivation of isolated organs by the directed perfusion method]. AB - The dynamics of the amino acid composition of the medium under conditions of adequate perfusion of the isolated organs of a dog (sternum, kidney and liver) was studied. It was found that after a 6-hour perfusion of the complex of organs the amount in the perfusion medium of such amino acids as histidine, lysine, alanine, considerably increased, whereas the amount of arginine, serine, aspartic acid, threonine with glutamine, isoleucine, proline, leucine and valine decreased as compared with their initial concentration. The dynamics of the amino acid medium composition during a 4-hour perfusion was studied in experiments with the isolated sternum. The concentration of alanine, lysine and histidine increased in the medium. At the same time there was seen a decrease in the concentration of serine, aspartic acid, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenyl-alanine. PMID- 1227647 TI - [Supramolecular changes in preserved corneal tissue exposed to alpha-tocopherol]. AB - Kinetics of chemifluorescence of the tissue of the cornea of isolated dog eyes (induced by 1% hydrogen peroxide) was confronted to the results of determination of the ultrastructural changes in the 30th day the eye preservation in a moist chamber at 4 degrees C with and without replacement of the chamber humour of the eye with alpha-tocopherol. The results of investigations pointed to profound changes of free radical processes in the structural components of the corneal cells with changes in the periods and conditions of preservation. It is supposed that these disturbances underlied the trigger mechanisms of the autolysis. Stabilization of the lipoprotein complexes of the cell in preservation is apparently determined by the capacity of antioxidants, particularly of alpha tocopherol to maintain oxidative processes at a constant level. PMID- 1227648 TI - [Phospholipids in albino rat blood and liver at various stages in the development of experimental pancreatitis]. AB - In experimental pancreatitis in rats there was revealed a marked reduction, particularly on the 3rd-7th day of the disease, of neutral phospholipids in the blood plasma and formed elements. With the development of pancreatitis no polyglycerophospholipids (an important fraction of acid phospholipids participating in the formation of the oxidative enzymatic systems) were revealed in the liver. The described phenomena are regarded as significant pathogenetic factors leading to the development of fatty infiltration of the liver in pancreatitis. PMID- 1227649 TI - [Mechanism of action of naphthylvinylpyridine]. AB - Naphthylvinylpyridine (NVP) in the cat cerebral cortex (50 mg/kg) and in the mouse brain (100 and 250 mg kg) caused inhibition of choline acetyltransferase (ChA) and didn't influence the acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine (Ach) content in the mouse brain. NVP (25 mg/kg) failed to influence the ChA activity. Pretreatment with NVP (25 and 250 mg/kg) increased the duration of hexenal sleep in mice greatly, and a dose of 250 mg/kg (but not of 25 mg/kg) enhanced the atropine activity in mice poisoned with armine. NVP (250 mg/kg) reduced the release of Ach from the cerebral cortex of a cat, spontaneous and evoked by atropine and electrical stimulation of the reticular formation of the brain stem. A conclusion was drawn that the pharmacological effect of NVP when the latter was applied in combination with atropine and armine could be connected with the anti-Cha action and the inhibition of the newly formed Ach, rather than with depression of the microsomal enzymes. PMID- 1227650 TI - [Radioprotective effect of pyrazolone derivatives]. AB - The intraperitoneal injection of analgin (1000 mg/kg), antipurine (400 mg/kg), amidopyrine (100 mg/kg) 3 hours before the irradiation of mice in a dose of 800 R led to survival of 30 to 45% of the animals (against 12.5% in control) and to increase in the average duration of life of the animals that perished. 80-95% of mice survived the period of "intestinal deaths" (the 7th day after the irradiation) after combined prophylactic use of purasolone derivatives and cystamine before the irradiation of these animals in a dose of 1050 R. The radioprotective effect of pyrasolone derivatives given in therapeutic doses was less pronounced. PMID- 1227651 TI - [Effect of Clematis fusca preparations on androgen target organs]. AB - The effect of Clematis fusca (Clematis fusca Turcz.) preparations of the prostate and seminal vesicles was studied in castrated rats. There was seen an intensification of the functional activity of these organs, similar to the result of the methyltestosterone action. Substances with an androgenic effect are supposed to be present in the plant under study. PMID- 1227652 TI - [Bone marrow interferon]. AB - The nucleated cells of the bone marrow of mouse, rat, guinea pig, chick, cattle and humans proved to be capable of producing interferon in vitro following induction with the Newcastle disease virus. The production of interferon by these cells was characterized by high stability. The bone marrow interferon was not inferior in its activity to the corresponding interferon prepared with the blood leukocytes or splenic cells. PMID- 1227653 TI - [Activity of acid phosphatase and succinate and dehydroorotate dehydrogenases during the interaction of allogeneic lymphocytes and target cells in tissue culture]. AB - A study was made of the activity of acid phosphatase in interaction of lymphocytes and target cells; it was shown that in the lymphocytes its greatest increase occurred in the 1- and sometimes in the 3-hour cultures; sometimes the activity of the enzyme in the L-cells increased by the 3rd-6th hour. The initial activity of acid phosphatase was greater in the immune lymphocytes; later, on their addition to the L-cell culture, there was no significant difference in the changes in the activity of the enzyme in the immune and normal lymphocytes. In the L-cells the activity of acid phosphatase was lower on addition of normal lymphocytes in comparison with the immune ones. The activity of dehydrogenases in the lymphocytes increased by the 3rd hour of the incubation period and was greater in the immune lymphocytes than in the normal ones. The activity of the succininc- and dehydroorotic dehydrogenases altered practically at the same periods in the L-cells as in the lymphocytes. The intensification of the activity of the redox enzymes and of the acid phosphatase during the first hours of contact pointed to the rapid activation of the effector lymphocytes. PMID- 1227654 TI - [Selective adsorption of immune lymphocytes, synthesizing DNA, on corresponding target cells]. AB - Lymphocytes of inbred mice immunized with allogenic tumour cells were labelled in vitro or in vivo by 3H-thymidine, washed out and incubated with target cells in the presence of "cold" thymidine. A fraction of labelled small and medium lymphocytes was demonstrated by autoradiography to be absorbed rapidly and specifically onto the corresponding target cells. When the non-labelled immune lymphocytes were preincubated with target cells for 2 hours, and 3H-thymidine was added to the medium at various time periods, the percentage of labelled small and medium lymphocytes which adhered to the target cells appeared to be reduced in the course of the incubation, with the target reaching the initial value after an 8-hour contact. Small and medium immune lymphocytes which synthesize DNA are supposed to be the effector killer fraction which do not transform into blasts during the interaction with the target cells. PMID- 1227655 TI - [Immunochemical properties of naturally occurring antiglobulin factors homoreactants]. AB - The naturally-occurring antiglobulin factors to the pepsin fragments of the homologous IgG (homoreactants or agglutinins) present in the human and rabbit sera and gamma-globulin preparations, behaved in Sephadex G-200 gelchromatography as proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 250,000 daltons. It was shown that the human pepsin homoreactant failed to penetrate through the placenta. Since the pepsin homoreactant was absorbed specifically by the insolubilized antibodies against the Fc portion of the IgG molecule, the data obtained could indicate that the homoreactant activity was associated with the IgG molecules of the unusual structure. PMID- 1227656 TI - [Local Shwartzman phenomenon in germ-free guinea pig]. AB - Eleven germfree and two monoassociated with the Citrobacter guinea pigs, and 25 conventional animals were injected with the heat-inactivated Citrobacter or E. coli for the induction of the local Schwartzman phenomenon. All the gnotobiotic pigs gave a positive reaction. Infiltration at the site of intracutaneous injection was found in all the conventionals, but in none of the gnotobiotics. The data are discussed from the aspect of primary and secondary sequelae of the absence of host microflora. PMID- 1227657 TI - [Modifying effect of darkness on the growth of mammary cancer and on the efficacy of experimental hormone therapy]. AB - A study was made of the effect of different light regimen on the changes in the reactive properties, and also of the efficacy of hormone therapy of the transplantable rat mammary carcinoma (RMC-1). In darkness the percentage of the take of the carcinoma proved to be less, and also the growth of the RMC-1 was delayed; there was also a marked increase in the efficacy of estrogen-therapy of mammary carcinoma. It is supposed that more effective treatment of the RMC-1 in darkness was associated with the change in functional activity of the hypothalamo hypophyseal system. PMID- 1227658 TI - [Colony formation inhibition in human bone marrow stromal cells exposed to a factor formed in vitro by peripheral blood leukocytes]. AB - Addition of human peripheral blood leukocytes or a medium in which the leukocytes were cultivated to the monolayer culture of human bone marrow produced an inhibitory action of the growth of the fibroblast colonies. This effect was not associated with the immunological incompatibility of the cells in a culture- autologous blood cells produced the same action as the heterologous ones. The factor inhibiting the fibroblast growth failed to depress the growth of other cells, of macrophages in particular. PMID- 1227659 TI - [Sequential maturation of skeletal muscle groups during postnatal ontogenesis of rats]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats during the early postnatal period; a study was made of the membrane potential (MP) establishment of the fibers of the skeletal muscles of the neck, the anterior and the posterior limbs. At birth the most mature were the muscles of the neck, and the least -- the muscles of the posterior limb. Establishment of the stationary MP level in the muscles of the neck occurred during the first week after birth, in the muscles of the anterior limbs -- by the 10th-12th day, and of the posterior limbs -- by the 15th-20th day. The order of maturation of various groups of the skeletal muscles was associated with the peculiarities of the neuro-trophic influences at various age periods. Muscles of the neck were characterized at all the developmental stages by a rhythmic low-frequency electromyographic activity. In the muscles of the limbs the rhythmic electromyographic activity was transformed into the discharge high-frequency activity by the period of termination of increase of the MP of the muscles. PMID- 1227660 TI - [Effect of splenectomy and India ink blockade of Kupffer cells on hepatocyte mitotic activity following hepatectomy]. AB - Splenectomy was carried out in one group of rats 48 hours before partial hepatectomy. The second group was given an injection of 2 ml of a 1% India ink solution into the spleen for the purpose of block of the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver four days before partial hepatectomy. An increase of the mitotic activity of hepatocytes occurred in both experimental groups at later periods than in control ones. PMID- 1227661 TI - [Membrane permeability of brain cell processes after death]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats. A study was made of persistence of semipermeability of the membranes of the cell processes of the brain (contraction) with the action of a hypertonic buffer at various periods after death. The membranes of the processes proved to retain the property of semi permeability even 48 hours after death. Prefixation of the postmortem material in the glutaraldehyde did not influence the sensitivity of the membranes of the processes to the osmotic strength of the surrounding solution. PMID- 1227662 TI - [Hyperplastic processes in cardiac muscle mitochondria exposed to toxic doses of adrenaline]. AB - Experiments were conducted on albino rats; a study was made of hyperplastic processes in the mitochondria of the myocytes of the heart with the action of toxic adrenaline doses. A solution of adrenaline chloride was injested intramuscularly (3 mg/kg). Three types of mitochondria were revealed in electron microscopic study. Mitochondria of the first type were of the size and structure characteristic of the muscle cells of the myocardium. Mitochondria of the second type had a very dense, finegrained matrix and a great number of cristae per unit of the area. Mitochondria of the third type had two "sections" under the common external membrane, differing from one another by the matrix density, distribution and number of cristae. It is supposed that the ultrastructural peculiarities of each of the types reflected their functional condition. PMID- 1227663 TI - [The external laryngeal nerve]. AB - An investigation on the external laryngeal nerve is carried out from cadeverous material (24 thyroid glands). Various origins of the nerve are reported. The relationships are investigated. They are particularly important on the superior pole of the thyroid gland. The nerve may pass at a variable distance of the superior pole of the thyroid gland. The size of the gland and particularly the more the more or less early intramuscular course of the nerve through the fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle determine the relationships. Those relationships will be made closer if the nerve is adherent to the thyroid sheath, passes forward of the superior thyroid artery or between the supra polar branches. The collateral nervous branches for the thyroid gland or for the thyroid vessels, the arterial branches which passed into the pharyngeal constrictor muscle with the nerve may also change the relationships. Practical applications in thyroid surgery are made through this investigation. PMID- 1227664 TI - [Measurement of tibiofibular torsion with profile radiography. Relation to the shape of the plantar arch]. AB - This study deals first with the measure of the tibio-fibular torsion, on one radiography in profile. The film has only to be set in a parallel direction to the medial edge of the foot, therefore to the first metatarsus. The malleoluses can easily be marked, with some practice. The angle of the torsion can be calculated from its tangent, therefore from the ratio of the distance between the two malleoluses seen in profile, to the bimalleolar distance which could be measured in a front wiew. The latter is in a nearly fixed ratio with the antero posterior diameter of the lower extremity of the tibia. We then get the formula: (see article) which gives us the torsion from a single radiography taken in profile, centered upon the malleoluses. The same incidence makes it possible to measure the medial plantar arch. The A. have then lodeed for the correlation that should exist, in series of both sexes in France and Congo: a more hallow plantar arch = a stronger T.F.T. The results are very significant indeed, for approximatively r = -- 0,650 in series of 85 individuals. PMID- 1227665 TI - [Substitute pathways of the arterial system of the lower extremities]. AB - Some ideas emphazied by RENARD and his collaborators were rediscovered.- Anastomosis doesnt always signify compensation and it is often difficult to appreciate the functional importance of the anastomoses shown by arteriographies. -The most valuable compensations are made by short ways. Long ways only come into action when the shorter are obliterated. Finally a certain number of arteries play an important role in the compensatory circulation, that is:--the system of lumbar arteries--the hypogastric artery--the origin of the deep femoral artery. PMID- 1227666 TI - [Anatomical study of the arch of the internal saphenous vein (saphena magna) in man]. AB - The Authors present 40 dissections of the saphena magna with different branches. The variability of number is shown and they call attention to 5 cases of double vein. Two classifications are described. (MINNE, 1958; MORIN, 1970). It is very difficult to put all cases in these classifications. Later, the authors plan to show topographic marks for the saphena magna. PMID- 1227667 TI - [Intra-osseous vascularization of the astragalus]. AB - Using micro-angiography and Spalteholz's technic on twenty cadaveric feet. The arterial vascularisation of talus is described. They emphasize the importance of the internal arterial pedicle coming from the arteria tibialis posterior and entering the corpus tali through its internal wall. PMID- 1227668 TI - [Comparative anatomy of the arterial and venous vascularization of the septomarginal trabecula in man and mammals]. AB - By means of naked-eyed dissections and microscopic examinations of the right ventricle in 71 mammals, the authors explained the contents of the trabecula septomarginalis. Besides the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle, they always observed a long artery running deeply from the left coronary artery to the anterior papillar muscle where it joins some right coronary vessels. A few various venous capillaries may be observed going to the anterior interventricular vein or mouthing into the right ventricular chamber (Thebesian veins). PMID- 1227669 TI - [Sinus of the cerebellar tentorium]. AB - Post-mortem anatomical study on the "Tentorial sinus", in 23 skulls, using a retrograde veinous injection of a mixture of Rhodopas and lead tetroxide. Present in more than half the cases, this sinus actually constitutes a true sinus, principally draining the superior and inferior hemispheric veins of the cerebellum, traversing the posterior section of the tentorium cerebelli and opening into the lateral or straight sinus. PMID- 1227670 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the tibia in the adult]. AB - The arterial vascularization of the tibia in an adult is examined by microangiography (with micropaque).--The proximal epiphysis vessels originate in the periarticular circle of the knee; some are vertical, others horizontal; the condylus medialis is more vascularized than the condylus lateralis.--The metaphysis is vascularized by the arteria nutriciae terminal branches and by numerous vessels originating in the periosteal system.--The diaphysis depends on the nutrition (arteria nutriciae tibialis) and periosteal systems: these two systems are equally important in the two upper thirds but in the lower third the nutrition system is more important.--The proximal metaphysis receives numerous arteries coming from the periosteal system; they anastomose with the terminal ramifications of the arteria nutriciae.--The distal epiphysis is vascularized by three pedicles: anterior, posterior, and medial, whose branches anastomose. These pedicles are provided by the perimalleolar circle. PMID- 1227671 TI - [Fibrous arch of the adductor muscle of the thumb (musculus Adductor pollicis)]. AB - In 8 out of 30 cases we found the fibrous arch of the Adductor pollicis muscle. In 4 cases, the resistant arch is situated between the 2 fasciculi of the Adductor Pollicis and inserted on the upper third of the third metacarpian on its anterior face. Il resists a traction of 500 g.; in 4 other cases, it is less resisting. The connections with the deep cubital vasculo-nervous fasciculus are important, especially the deep branch of the cubital nerve which can be compressed at this level. PMID- 1227672 TI - [Organogenetic analysis of the variation of insertions of the fibular collateral ligament and the biceps muscle at the knee]. AB - Concerning a displacement in distal direction of the insertions of the ligamentum collaterale fibulare and of the tendo musculi bicipitis femoris on the superior epiphysis of the fibula, the authors describe in detail and in millimetrical scale the permanent existence of bundles, additionnal to the main insertions known up to now, and of a sheath envelopping the ligament. The study of the organogenesis of these formations, followed by their dissection at an adult stage allow to estimate the genetical, mechanical, and constitutional factors explaining the usual variations of these structures. PMID- 1227673 TI - [Significance of echotomography B in the analysis of pronation]. AB - By an ultrasonic technique (B. scan), the authors have analysed dynamically, the wrist during pronation. They could show that when the elbow is bended at 90 degrees, the distal tip of the radius effects a circular movement of great radius but low grade value, while the ulna draws in the opposite direction a nearly complete small circle. PMID- 1227674 TI - [The development of the triangular ligament in man]. AB - The origin of the carpal articular disc has been studied in serial sectioned embryonal and fetal hands. In particular the complex; ulnar styloid process- triangular disc--carpal joint has been considered. In this development a relation is brought about between the so-called lig. subcruentum and the prestyloid recess. It has to be emphasized, that both pre-styloid recess and pisotriquetral joint space originate as isolated spaces. PMID- 1227675 TI - [Differential and constitutional anatomy of the intramuscular septa of the leg (septa intermuscularis eruris)]. PMID- 1227676 TI - [Proximal interphalangeal articulation in man]. AB - A report is presented on microdissections of the proximal interphalangeal joint, in particular the proximal attachments of volar plate and tendon sheath. The proximal anchorage of the joint capsule is assured by three components, occurring bilaterally. A. Laterobasal and retrochlear fibres. B. An internal cord which inserts along the inner side of the line of attachment of the osteofibrous sheath of phalanx I; C. The cruciform ligament of the sheath which is inserted at the outer side of the osteofibrous sheath of phalanx I. PMID- 1227677 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the human bulbo-uretral glands]. AB - The study based on the dissection of 79 specimens of bulbo-urethral glands describes their arterial vascularisation. 1. The glands receive their main arterial vascularization from the artery of the bulb of the penis. The vessel reaches the surface of the gland from above and from both sides. 2. Supplementary sources of vascularization may take their origin from the int. pudendal artery, urethral art., perineal art., or an anastomosis between the cystic inferior art. and the pudendal int. artery. 3. The artery of the bulb of penis is variable. It may divide into two (often) or three (seldom) branches penetrating the bulb of the penis. One case with two arteries of the bulb (both from the pudendal int. artery), has been described. 4. The glandular arterioles ("short or intraglandular" ones) take their origine inside the gland (type I) or exist as supplementary arteries ("long or extracapsular" ones) branches from near arterial truncs (type II). If the gland is placed in the musculature of the uro-genital diaphragm and it is well separated from it by a connective-tissue capsule, the capsule receives its own ("capsular") branches, which are a supplementary source of vascularization for the gland (type III). 5. The existence of "long or extracapsular" branches is in connection with lobation of the gland. Every lobule receives its own branch from an "extracapsular" artery. 6. Only one slight right left assymetry was observed. PMID- 1227678 TI - [Superficial iliac circumflex artery and veins]. AB - Study on the superficial circumflex iliac vascular pedicle. The artery can take its origin separately from the common trunk of the common femoral artery. The decisive element is shown by the variations in course and diameter of the artery, which, in nearly 40% of the cases, seems relatively slender. In thoses cases, the sub cutaneous abdominal artery seems be the essential vascular element. Concerning the veins, they steadily join a principal vein, subjacent to the artery, sometimes doubled by a subordinate vein, satellite of the artery. All these notions incite to some prudence in using flaps that depend for their vascularisation on the superficial circumflex iliac pedicle. PMID- 1227679 TI - [Ovarian changes after early androgenization in the rat]. PMID- 1227680 TI - [Ultrastructural location of aspartate aminotransferase in the cerebellum of mice]. AB - The histochemical location of aspartate aminotransferase by ultrastructural observation in the mouse cerebellum has been investigated. The enzymatic activity was observed specifically in the fibre endings of basket cells and in the probable terminations of golgi cells axons. This observation suggests the intervention of aspartate aminotransferase in the specific function of the cerebellum inhibitor axons. PMID- 1227682 TI - [Correlation of the dorsal tendinous variations of the hand with the arrangement of the entire tendinous extensor to the back of the finger in man]. AB - The supplementary tendons attached to the supernumerary muscles of the forearm and the wrist form a particulary deep layer which has it's own tendon sheats and they join principally for the first varitey (musculus extensor communis pollicis et indicis) the back and the base of the first phalange; for the second variety (musculus interosseus dorsalis accessorius) the insertions on the side of the base of the first phalange. PMID- 1227681 TI - [Small veins of the heart auricle]. AB - A rich venous network in the atria of the human heart, has been demonstrated by the "corrosion-fouille" technic with direct injection. The atrial veins may be arranged in 2 main groups:--the group of the Coronary Sinus for the left atrium.- the group of venae cordis parva for the right atrium (1), the interatrial septum and the neighbouring parts of the left atrium. The venae cordis parva may be subdivided into:--those descending to the right atrio-ventricular sulcus and ending in the right atrium or in a "right coronary collecting channel" (2) (small cardiac vein, Adachi common channel, Parsonnet subendocardial vein of the right atrium).--and those opening by the Lannelongue foramina into the right atrium. Are described 4 principal foramina and veins, arranged in 2 groups:--the group of the S.V.C. ostium, corresponding to the Superior Atrio-Septo-Nodal artery, with 3 veins, the Anterior Lateral vein (or vein of the cavo-auricular notch) for the Sino-Atrial node, descending along the sulcus terminalis, the Anterior Superior and Posterior Superior veins for the interatrial septum, the adjacent parts of the right and left atria. The large ramus from the top of the left atrium, a tributary of the Posteror Superior Vein, corresponds to the homonymous collateral of the Superior A.S.N. artery.--the group of the Coronary Sinus ostium, corresponding to the Inferior A.S.N. arteries, with the Anterior Inferior vein, returning blood from the A-V node region. Of these 4 veins, only one originates on the lateral side of the S.V.S. ostium; the 3 remaining lie on the interatrial septum, near the corresponding angles: Anterior-Superior, Posterior-Superior and Anterior-Inferior. PMID- 1227683 TI - Editorial: The wheel keeps turning. PMID- 1227685 TI - Highlights of other VA research programs. Sensory aids. PMID- 1227684 TI - Thermographical investigation of decubitus ulcers. AB - 1. Posterior body reference thermograms indicate that in general a similar thermal body pattern of humans does exist. 2. The buttocks, hips, and thighs of a nude subject are thermally cool regions, possibly indicating poor vascular circulation and/or large fat concentrations. 3. Thermograms of the same anatomical area on the same subject under controlled environmental conditions are thermally similar. 4. The scapular region is from 1 to 2 deg F hotter than the sacral region for subjects reclining on Mylar. 5. The 1 deg temperature differential thermograms and the reference thermogram while the subject is on Mylar, in many ways, denote the geometrical shape of the underlying bone structure, especially the bones of the scapulae and sacrum. 6. On the degree temperatue differential thermograms, the anatomical regions most accused of being decubitus ulcer prone are the regions of highest temperatures: the scapulae, sacrum, elbows, and calves. 7. During reactive hyperemia, the visible red flare over the sacrum and coccyx becomes very intense in the first few minutes and then gradually diminishes. The thermal flare persists longer than the visible flare. The extended duration of the thermal flare over the visible red flare is attributed to a continued local elevated metabolic tissue rate caused by the previous engorgement of blood. 8. The thermal mottling seen in the first minute after releasing the load is believed to have been caused by the rapid infusion of blood and the dilation of affected vessels responsible for making up the blood flow debt which occurred during the period of ischemia. 9. A posterior body heating effect noticed immediately after the subject left the Mylar film has been attributed to the insulative qualities of the film. The cooling effect is more difficult to explain, but it is thought that the higher than average room temperature caused an increased evaporative cooling rate response of the two subjects either before getting off the film or immediately after getting off and therefore reduced the temperature of the skin. 10. The maximum reactive hyperemic temperature difference, the difference between the initial standing reference thermogram and the maximum flare temperature observed during tissue hyperemia, may be as high as 12 deg F. 11. Males on the average have larger flare patterns than females, 5.7 in.2 and 4.7 in.2, respectively. The flare areas were computed from thermograms taken 2 to 3 minutes after off-loading of tissue. 12. With the average distance from the buttock's fold to the highest and lowest thermal flare indication being lower for females (3.2 and 5.9) than for males (3.8 and 6.4), a relationship between the site or decubitus ulcer formation and the pelvic bone structure of the sexes may well exist. 13. No two thermal flare patterns are similar either in size or in shape. Thermal flare patterns occur along the centerline of the body at the sacrum and coccyx level. 14... PMID- 1227686 TI - Electrocutaneous feedback for artificial limbs. Summary progress report. February 1, 1974, through July 31, 1975. PMID- 1227687 TI - A versatile joint rotation device for externally energized upper-limb prostheses. PMID- 1227688 TI - Proportionally controlled linear power assist device for artificial arms. AB - A new prosthetic add-on device is being developed which promises to provide an economical means of adding power assist to a patient's existing conventional cable-operated prosthesis. Only minor modifications by a prosthetist would be required. Patients wearing conventional cable-operated above-elbow prostheses, who lack adequate function because they cannot generate the necessary cable excursion, are expected to dramatically improve their performance with little or no retraining. The proposed system will operate at speeds comparable to those of a conventional cable-operated prosthesis. The system will retain considerable function even if there is no power assist, and it will imporve the quality of the sensory feedback normally associated with a conventional cable-operated body powered prosthesis. PMID- 1227690 TI - Reentry in the atrium. AB - Studies with isolated atrial preparations of the rabbit showed that the occurrence of a single early premature beat may cause reentry not only in nodal tissue (SA node and AV node) but also in working myocardial tissue. In the SA node an early premature beat will cause a reentrant activation of the atrium only when the SA node is driven by an ectopic pacemaker. If the SA node is discharging spontaneously, no reentry could be demonstrated. In this situation the early impulse can not reach the center of the SA node because of a sinoatrial entrance block. Since the AV node fibers normally do not discharge spontaneously, an atrial premature beat may find an alternative route through the node and reenter the atrium. Such a reentrant beat or echo beat can start a tachycardia based on a circus movement of the impulse through the AV node. A supraventricular tachycardia can be started too by an early premature beat in the isolated left atrium, containing only working myocardial fibers and no slow conducting fibers as the nodal fibers are. By careful mapping the spread of activation during the premature beat and the subsequent beats of the tachycardia, a unidirectional block of the impulse of the premature beat was demonstrated. The impulse then turned around and invaded the blocked area retrogradely and reentered the area where it originated. This circus movement of the premature impulse was maintained during the subsequent tachycardial beats, showing that even in a small area of atrial muscle, containing no anatomical obstacle, a circus tachycardia can take place. To describe this kind of circus movement a new model (the "leading circle" concept) is introduced and briefly discussed. PMID- 1227689 TI - [Safety problems during the use of electromedical apparatus in man]. AB - The stimulating action of an electric current on the human body is determined by the strength of the current, the direction, frequence and duration of action of the current. Measurements of sensation have shown that even with strengths of currents of about 15 to 20 mA (50 Hz), a complete cramp of the arm musculature occurs, whereby a voluntary relaxation of the part under tension is no longer possible. The inner resistance of the human body (without skin resistance) is between 650 and 1300 Ohm, according to the direction of the current. Electric field strengths on the heart have shown that disturbances of heart action always occur when the electric field produced by an outer circle of current round the heart is in the order of 80 mV/cm. This means that currents passed through the heart of even 80 muA can produce lethal ventricular fibrillation. On the basis of practical examples from clinical cases, the danger of micro shocks is shown. The question of a security check list is discussed. PMID- 1227691 TI - [Action potentials and ionic currents]. AB - Our knowledge of the ionic currents underlying the cardiac action potential has much increased in recent years. Principally three membrane current components are characterised, of which the change carries are sodium ions, calcium ions and potassium ions. Different drugs influence the current components in various ways. For an extensive description of the ionic currents in the heart, the bibliography is given. PMID- 1227692 TI - His bundle electrography. AB - In this presentation the use of His bundle electrography in the diagnostic localization of atrioventricular conduction defects is discussed. The recording of the His potential allows an identification of conduction disturbances at a level above, in, or below the His bundle. Atrioventricular conduction can be stressed and latent conduction abnormalities thereby unmasked by atrial stimulation tests, such as the gradual increasing of the atrial driving rate, or the application of single atrial premature beats of which the coupling interval is gradually shortened. These stimulation methods make a quantitative characterization of the impulse conduction in the different parts of the A-V conduction system possible. PMID- 1227693 TI - [The left-fascicular blocks ("hemiblocks")]. AB - The left ventricular impulse conduction system is composed of two, three or more fasciculi. The blocking of the impulse in one fasciculus is termed a left fascicular block or "hemiblock" for short. The anatomical variations of the left ventricular impulse conduction system, and the possibility of partial blocking, makes the electrocardiographic diagnosis more difficult. The ECG criteria of left fascicular blocking - with special regard to the left anterior fascicular block - and their combinations with the right block (bilateral bifascicular block) are discussed. A bilateral trifascicular block without total AV block (in presence of a third left ventricular fascicle) is diagnosable in the ECG. The limits of electrocardiographic diagnosis of the fascicular impulse conduction disorders are shown and the importance of anamnestic and clinical data are emphasised with regard to therapy. Frequency and etiology of fascicular blocking are noted. PMID- 1227694 TI - [Propagation of stimuli]. AB - Cardiac muscle is considered as a biological cable, similar to fibres of skeletal muscle or nerve. "Local currents" within the core of the cable and through the extracellular space are responsible for the propagation of membrane excitation. Conduction velocity depends on (i) fibre diameter, (ii) specific resistance of the core and interstitial fluid, (iii) strength of possible inward current through the surface membrane. Conduction delay and possible block is found at sites of transition between terminal Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle. Monophasic action potentials of somewhat different shapes are recorded from various parts of the heart. A slow upstroke is characteristic for sites of low conduction velocity (SA-node, AV-node). A progressive decrease of resting potential in the phase of diastole is typical for regions showing a tendency to automatic impulse generation (SA-node, AV-node, Purkinje fibres). Cardiac muscle is a functional syncytium. This statement is based on (i) measurements of electrical resistance between cells and (ii) diffusion experiments using tracer substances. Progressive de-coupling is observed under various pathological conditions, resulting in slow conduction or block. PMID- 1227695 TI - [Ophthalmology in the face of problems of occupational visual aptitude and rehabilitation of persons with poor vision]. PMID- 1227696 TI - [Industrial ophthalmology and occupational visual aptitude]. PMID- 1227697 TI - [Spectral chromatism and visual aptitudes in work of assembling miniaturized parts. Ergophthalmologic experimentation in a group of electronics factories]. PMID- 1227698 TI - Adrenal venography and ultrasound in the investigation of the adrenal gland: an analysis of 58 cases. AB - Adrenal venography has been carried out in 58 patients with the left adrenal vein being successfully catheterized in 91 per cent and the right in 77 per cent. Of the 30 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, 11 adenomas (12-35 mm diameter) have been demonstrated at venography and two of 15 mm suspected, all of which were confirmed surgically. Aldosterone levels in the adrenal vein plasma were raised on the affected side. In the group of proved micronodular hyperplasia, two patients had surgically confirmed macronodules and venography demonstrated one of 12 mm diameter. Two adenomas of 11 mm and one macronodule of 15 mm have been demonstrated at venography in the remainder who have not had an operation. Ultrasound was carried out in 12 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, ten of which had tumours at venography. Two adenomas measuring 30 and 31 mm were outlined by ultrasound and confirmed surgically. Seven adenomas, including one macronodule (10-25 mm in diameter) were not defined. Three intra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas (45-90 mm) and one extra-adrenal (80-85 mm) were demonstrated at arteriography, identified by ultrasound and confirmed surgically. Of the ten patients with Cushing's syndrome three had enlarged glands at venography, this was confirmed surgically. Cumulative experience from this analysis and published reports indicate that venography will demonstrate tumours of 10 mm or more in diameter and outline enlarged glands; aldosterone assays will lateralize tumours as small as 3 mm; ultrasound will outline tumours of 30 mm and selective adrenal arteriography will demonstrate tumours of 10 mm. One patient developed acute adrenal cortical insufficiency with intra-adrenal extravasation on one side and thrombosis of the central vein on the opposite side. A second case developed temporary adreno-cortical insufficiency. Published reports indicate that the risk of complication is about 1 per cent. The report includes an anatomical study of the efferent adrenal veins in 50 patients paying particular attention to the diameter, number of accessory hepatic veins, and the angle of entry and position of the right adrenal vein. PMID- 1227699 TI - Intraluminal iliac venous calcification. AB - Two patients with bilateral intraluminal iliac venous calcifications have been reported. Both patients are elderly multiparous females with long-standing peripheral venous disease and a history of previous gynaecologic surgery. The iliac thrombosis may have occurred at the time of delivery or pelvic surgery. These are the first such cases to be reported in the English literature in the last 25 years and the only example documented with venography in the recent world literature. PMID- 1227700 TI - Axial hypocycloidal tomography of the orbits. AB - Axial hypocycloidal tomography has been applied to the investigation of 168 patients with suspected pathology in the orbit. Of these 75 had histological or angiographic confirmation of a space occupying lesion, and 55 patients showed positive evidence of abnormality. The X-ray changes observed include osteolysis and hyperostosis of the bony walls of the orbit, enlargement of the orbit-local and generalized, soft tissue abnormalities, and changes in the optic canal and superior orbital fissure. The most important evidence of the presence of a tumour or granuloma in the orbit was given by a positive "medial wall sign". This consists of a flattening or incurvation of the medial boundary of the orbit, best demonstrated by axial tomography. The sign was seen in 36.6 per cent of patients with proven intra-orbital space occupying lesions in the series. Axial hypocycloidal tomography is now an indispensable part of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected orbital tumours and the procedure is complementary to other non-invasive investigations of the orbit, such as axial computerized tomography and ultrasonography. PMID- 1227701 TI - Chronic Gaucher's disease: radiological findings in 17 South African cases. AB - This paper reports radiological findings in a series of 17 South African patients with chronic (adult or non-neuronopathic) Gaucher's disease. Osteoarticular signs are briefly analysed on the basis of their pathogenesis. The visceral findings included an enormous calcified spleen and three cases with pulmonary lesions. Important advances have been made recently in diagnosing. Gaucher's disease and detecting carriers by demonstration of deficiency of beta-glucosidase. Radiographs are not diagnostic, but they may provide valuable clues to the nature and extent of lesions in bone, and they are essential in orthopaedic management of Gaucher's disease. PMID- 1227702 TI - The measurement of sequential changes in cortical bone geometry. AB - A method is described whereby the sequential changes occurring in the thickness of the cortices of the metacarpal shafts may be observed. The method utilizes pairs of hand radiographs from which the total bone width and medullary width of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpals are determined in duplicate using needle-tipped Vernier calipers. The errors are discussed and the precision of the method is shown to compare very favourably with the precision of the most recent densitometric techniques. The rate of loss of bone in post-menopausal women is evaluated, and is shown to be dependent upon the number of years elapsed since the menopause. PMID- 1227703 TI - Ultrasound recording of fetal breathing. AB - Apparatus for recording fetal chest wall movements is described. Special reference is made to technical considerations which can improve the quality of records obtained. Fetal breathing was observed in 44 out of 45 recordings. Maternal respiration and pulse could give rise to potentially confusing signals which were identified by recording these parameters on a separate channel. PMID- 1227704 TI - Deconvolution analysis of the scintillation camera renogram. AB - A scintillation camera with digital data store has been used to assess renal function. Analysis of the renogram by deconvolution, using an on-line digital computer, shows promise as a means of expressing renal function in terms of tubular transit times for 123I-Hippuran. PMID- 1227705 TI - Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes after partial-body exposure to 60Co gamma-irradiation and in vitro exposure to 230 kV X-irradiation. AB - Small yields of chromosome aberrations were present in lymphocytes from 12 patients observed at first metaphase in culbure. Blood samples were obtained at various times, up to three days, after single partial-body therapeutic exposure ranging from 75 to 400 rads of 60Co gamma-irradiation. When all patients were considered there was no correlation between treatment dose and aberration frequency, but on subdivision into two groups on the basis of whether the reticuloendothelial system was involved in the cancer, linear regression analysis could be fitted to the data for each group. An in vitro dose response curve for dicentrics induced by 230 kV X rays at a dose rate of 23.3 rads per minute was constructed for use as a standard calibration curve for 48 hour cultures. The yield of dicentric aberrations was best fitted by a power law model, Y = kDn in which k = (1.59 +/- 0.66) 10(-4) and n= 1.49 +/- 0.08, (P =0.96). PMID- 1227706 TI - Polysplenia. AB - Polysplenia is a rare syndrome of visceral anomalies. The diagnosis in vivo may be difficult. Recently Vaughan, Hawkins and Elliott (1971) stressed the importance of visceral arteriography for a correct diagnosis. A patient with this condition was seen by us and the angiographic findings are reported hereby. PMID- 1227707 TI - A false positive hepatic filling defect resulting from a splenic cyst. PMID- 1227708 TI - Letter: Dose error due to a mercury shutter. PMID- 1227709 TI - Letter: Fractionation schedules and a quadratic dose-effect relationship. PMID- 1227710 TI - Letter: The lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin after in vitro irradiation. PMID- 1227711 TI - [Regularion of bronchial motoricity at different levels of the bronchial tree]. PMID- 1227712 TI - [Symptomatic significance of closing volume and closing capacity in the diagnosis of obstruction of the small airways]. PMID- 1227713 TI - [Symptomatic value of the difference between the functional plethysmographic residual capacity and the residual capacity measured by the dilution method, in obstructive diseases of the small airways]. PMID- 1227714 TI - [Bronchologic and physiopathologic contribution to the determination of the topography of bronchial obstructions]. PMID- 1227715 TI - [Bronchial lability index]. PMID- 1227717 TI - [Sulpiride and lactation]. PMID- 1227716 TI - [Campaign against tobacco in Sweden]. PMID- 1227718 TI - [Studies on the clinical efficacy of a new antiarrhythmic agent: bunaftine]. PMID- 1227719 TI - [Exercise electrocardiography and dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 1227720 TI - [Dihydroergotamine test in electrocardiography]. PMID- 1227721 TI - [Approach to functional heart disease]. PMID- 1227722 TI - [Supplementary treatment of congestive heart failure using folic acid]. PMID- 1227723 TI - [Anoxic encephalopathy. Physiopathological adjournment and clinical implications]. PMID- 1227724 TI - [Articular rheumatism in the old age. Suggestive case]. PMID- 1227725 TI - [Importance of dynamic electrocardiography in professional soccer]. PMID- 1227726 TI - [Interartrial communication]. PMID- 1227727 TI - Bone scans in the early detection of cancer. PMID- 1227728 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 1227729 TI - Adrenal cortical carcinoma in a child. PMID- 1227730 TI - Disorders of hemostasis in acute leukemia: part I. PMID- 1227731 TI - Interferon as an antiviral and anticancer agent. PMID- 1227732 TI - Chemotherapy of neuroblastoma. PMID- 1227733 TI - Disorders of hemostasis in acute leukemia: part II. PMID- 1227734 TI - A case of ovarian papillary serous carcinoma of low malignant potential. PMID- 1227735 TI - Familial gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 1227736 TI - The management of advanced Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1227738 TI - Conservative management of distal large bowel cancer invading the urinary bladder. PMID- 1227737 TI - Combination chemotherapy. PMID- 1227739 TI - Epidemiology of breast cancer. PMID- 1227742 TI - Possible involvement of semen in cancer. PMID- 1227741 TI - Carcinoma of the thyroid in children. PMID- 1227740 TI - Sarcoid-like lung disease following fresh water aspiration. PMID- 1227743 TI - Hyperthermia in cancer research. PMID- 1227744 TI - [Undesired and harmful interferences during the use of combinations of psychopharmacologic agents]. PMID- 1227745 TI - [Case of gouty pubic symphysis syndrome]. PMID- 1227746 TI - [Preventive treatment of B type hemophilia: comparative evaluation between plasma and a concentrate of factor IX]. PMID- 1227748 TI - [Comparison between insulin blood level, serum-insulin binding activity and lipid pattern in obese and dyslipidemic subjects]. PMID- 1227747 TI - [Effect of carbidopa and L-dopa combination on the secretion of growth hormone in normal subjects and in patients with Parkinsonism]. PMID- 1227749 TI - [Treatment of Parkinson's disease associated with psychosis]. PMID- 1227750 TI - [Current medical treatment in the disorders of the extrapyramidal nervous system]. PMID- 1227751 TI - [Effects of propranolol on plasma changes following lipid load in diabetic subjects]. PMID- 1227752 TI - [Controlled clinical study of large doses of etaphenone in coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1227753 TI - [Use of alpha-methyldopa in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1227754 TI - [Lung cancer in advanced phase: is chemotherapy useful?]. PMID- 1227755 TI - [Music therapy]. PMID- 1227756 TI - [Study on the use of general anesthetics and associated drugs : Genoa, 1975. Exercise in didactics]. PMID- 1227757 TI - [Clinical studies on the activation of the GH-secreting system in man]. PMID- 1227758 TI - [Studies on drug dependence : trazodone]. PMID- 1227759 TI - [Therapy of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1227760 TI - [Significance of the serum insulin-binding activity determined by Welborn's method]. PMID- 1227761 TI - [Pharmacological basis of analgesic therapy]. PMID- 1227762 TI - [Activity against clotting and platelet aggregation of the anticoagulant fraction of venom from Agkistrodon rhodostoma]. PMID- 1227763 TI - [Current views on the liver-protective therapy: clinical evaluation of 4-amino-5 carbamide imidazole 2,4-dihydroxy-6-pyrimidine carbonate]. PMID- 1227764 TI - [Andropause and its treatment]. PMID- 1227765 TI - [Functional evaluation of endocrine areas in breast dysplasias]. PMID- 1227766 TI - Iron poisoning in children. AB - In the present state of our knowledge it must be concluded that the outstanding anatomic changes directly attributable to acute iron poisoning are in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. Both seem to be due to the direct action of iron upon living cells. In the stomach and small bowel the changes appear to be due to the corrosive effect of the iron salt whether in solution or in tablet form. And the anion may indeed play the predominant role as demonstrated by the observation of the severe corrosive changes observed when accumulations of ferrous sulfate tablets occur in areas of the stomach or small bowel. That the mucosal barrier to iron is broken down seems incontrovertible. And it is no longer tenable to assume that the severe complications of iron poisoning are due to the local necroses in the gastrointestinal tract. The liver, being the first parenchymal organ encountered by absorbed iron, is involved to a varying degree. The anatomic changes can progress to frank necrosis in severe cases. And even in those where overt histologic damage is not demonstrable, alterations in biochemical function occur. Anatomic changes in other parenchymal organs are probably largely secondary to dehydration, shock, hemorrhage, and infection. But the possibility of disordered enzyme systems here as well must be borne in mind though so far not demonstrated. In severe cases where hemorrhages play so large a role, albeit infrequently, the specific action of iron in interference with coagulation mechanisms is of the utmost importance. The role of therapy with deferoxamine in production of shock is discussed below. In this connection breakdown of the mucosal barrier with release of apoferritin and ferritin as a hypotensive mechanism has also been suggested by Smith. PMID- 1227767 TI - Characteristics of heavy users of outpatient prescription drugs. AB - One hundred fifty-eight users of eight or more different prescription drugs in a three-month period were identified, using computerstored pharmacy data. Compared with 99 "light" users of only one or two different drugs, these heavy users were more likely to be older, female, and white and to have blue collar occupations, if male, or to be housewives, if female. Heavy drug use was associated with greater use of other medical care and was usually a persistent characteristic. Prepayment for drug prescriptions was not associated with heavy use. Among heavy users were found some severely ill individuals, and some with emotional problems that appear to contribute to symptoms and requests for drugs. In a 21-month period, adverse drug reactions were experienced by 28% of heavy users as compared with 8% of light users. PMID- 1227768 TI - Determination of phencyclidine (PCP) in urine and illicit street drug samples. PMID- 1227769 TI - The Marihuana Control Act of 1975 - H.R. 6108. PMID- 1227770 TI - [Stenosis of the common trunk of the left coronary artery. Importance of associated coronary involvement. I. Angiographic study]. PMID- 1227771 TI - [Stenosis of the common trunk of the left coronary artery. Importance of associated coronary involvement. II. Developmental aspects]. PMID- 1227772 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina. Discussion of various transient elevations of the S-T segment recorded in the absence of pain]. PMID- 1227773 TI - [Temporal arteritis and Horton's disease]. PMID- 1227774 TI - [Heart diseases and pregnancy. Pregnancy in cardiac patients. Present physipathological concepts]. PMID- 1227775 TI - [Postoperative acute necrotizing enteritis]. PMID- 1227776 TI - [Phonocardiographic monitoring of valve prostheses]. PMID- 1227777 TI - [Phonomechanographic diagnosis of valve prosthesis dysfunctions caused by obstruction]. PMID- 1227779 TI - [Measurement of the blood oxygen content. Comparison between coulometry and other methods]. PMID- 1227778 TI - [Stimulation in the diagnosis and treatment of ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1227780 TI - [Systolic clapping sounds]. PMID- 1227781 TI - [Pharmacologic study by mass spectrometry of myocardial perfusion. III. Effects of propranolol]. PMID- 1227782 TI - [Coarctations in atypical position. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1227783 TI - [A rare complication of persistent ductus arteriosus: pulmonary valve insufficiency due to Osler's disease]. PMID- 1227784 TI - [Craniopharyngioma with secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 1227785 TI - [Amenorrhea: an interview]. PMID- 1227786 TI - [Productive films in patient groups]. AB - For 3 years I have been trying to establish creative teamwork with a group of drug-addicted adolescents with the aim of stimulating imagination by visual means, thus enlightening hidden problems, and showing a way to self representation. Especially with these patients an attitude of mistrust makes verbal access difficult. The group consists of some eight adolescents of about the same age, with whom I in no way try to interfere through provocation. We meet twice a week. On one day we discuss ideas, scripts and technical problems, the other day being dedicated to the practical side. My position in the group equals that of the hierarchic dynamic basic formula according to Raoul Schindler. The group is allocentric, work being aimed at common achievement. We try to create a feeling of solidarity, reduce tensions, and encourage individual relationships. So far we have accomplished four films. Teamwork has helped us to come to know each other better. The interpersonal relationships have improved. The barrier between doctor and patient has been completely obliterated. PMID- 1227787 TI - [Spiritual manifestations in prehistoric images]. AB - Having visited the places of prehistoric cult and cave paintings of the Franco Cantabrian region, central Sahara, Monte Bego and Val Camonica as well as Switzerland and Austria, the author attempts to outline a chronological profile of the occidental prehistoric art. The evolution is marked by a progressive extension of the mental horizon and of the ability to abstract, the emergence of a more analytical and composed way of thinking, the development of an anesthetic representation power which no doubt were the basis of the invention of writing. PMID- 1227788 TI - [The relationship between the structuralism of Levi-Strauss and linguistic methods. An attempt at applying structuralist phonologic models to the study of pathologic language]. AB - The structuralism which is generally accepted as a 'good French' school of thinking, presents in some of its applications the short-time character of fashion in such a way that one often forgets what this philosophy implicates. In this essay, the author intends to show that even though a structural method really exists, one cannot say who exactly is 'the father' of structuralism. But during the long maturity period of thought that resulted in structuralism, one important step has been made in France by Levi-Strauss who has been using a great number of linguistic concepts, and at the same time has contributed to the consequent progress realized in that discipline. In the light of linguistics and of the works made by Levi-Strauss some notions are redefined: those of structure, those of oppositions in the systems, those of relations inside one system, and the interactions between 'significant' and 'signifie'. Born from recent research in mathematics and cybernetics, the notion of Model, very fertile in linguistics, is an important element in the Levi-Strauss structural methodology. With the help of examples taken from phonetics and phonology, the author intends to show how to elaborate a model, of what nature are the links between the observed object and the model, and what can be the applications of that method in the study of pathological languages; the author also intends to show that the main interest in a model of structural type is its explicative and previsional quality. A critical study of the structural analysis makes it possible to show the real contribution of structuralism: the author presents new ways that have been revealed by structuralism and some developments later on favorized by this discipline, mainly in linguistics. Remark. In this study of structuralism, the author places herself on the level with 'method' and not with 'philosophy'. PMID- 1227789 TI - [Color game--trial of a preventive method]. AB - The 'Colour Game' is a methodically elaborated game using finger-paints. It is a form of adult education. An aid to mental hygiene and to the prevention of mental illness, it is intended to help people of today who are unable to cope with the demands of life and consequently feel frustrated. It is important for them to take preventive measures to avoid becoming mentally ill. Over a period of years this game as a means of communication between generations has produced some very suprising experiences. It promotes understanding between parents, even grandparents, and children, and thus affords some interesting aspects from the gerontological point of view. Clinical trials with groups of adults and mentally ill children have so far yielded positive results. PMID- 1227790 TI - Art - a strategic and empirical therapy? AB - Art therapy in Britain has progressed on two main lines, the empirical (aesthetic) and the strategic (psychological). In the writer's experience neither approach is adequate to deal with one particular style of creative expression, referred to as the basic archaic, linear style, and indicative of severe autistic regression when it becomes stereotyped. Attention is drawn to the importance of the appearance of fragments of other (transitional) styles that may appear and offer the key to therapeutic progress. PMID- 1227791 TI - [Anastomosis between the thoracic duct and esophagus in the treatment of experimental cholestasis]. PMID- 1227792 TI - [The multiparametric sequential system. A new method for the diagnosis and therapy of shock]. PMID- 1227793 TI - [Local regional chemotherapy: various considerations of our results]. PMID- 1227794 TI - [Motility of the irritable colon associated with duodenal ulcer and cholelithiasis: pre- and postoperative evaluation]. PMID- 1227795 TI - [Instrumental diagnosis of deep venous obstructions in the lower limb. II. Test of maximal venous flow]. PMID- 1227796 TI - [The profile of pressure gradients in the diagnosis of obliterating arterial diseases of the lower limbs]. PMID- 1227797 TI - [Familial diffuse polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 1227798 TI - [In vitro cultures of human solid tumors and their treatment with antiblastic drugs]. PMID- 1227799 TI - [Comparative anatomo-surgical study on the biliary and pancreatic excretory apparatus of the most common experimental animals]. PMID- 1227800 TI - [Gastrinemic and cortisolemic values in brain-damaged patients. (Attempt at a pathogenetic interpretation of stress ulcers)]. PMID- 1227801 TI - [The significance of estrogen substitution in postmennopausal uveitis]. PMID- 1227802 TI - [Proof and tracing value of lactate dehydrogenase for investigation of sper traces]. PMID- 1227803 TI - [Caloric reduction and calorie reduced foods]. PMID- 1227804 TI - [The portal circulation in liver parenchymal lesions, due to Wilson's disease and treated for a long time with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 1227806 TI - [The participation of the pancreas in diseases of the bile ducts in internistic, surgical and pathologic-anatomical patients]. PMID- 1227805 TI - [The excretory capability of the adult liver after cholecystectomy, choledochotomy and temporary external drainage]. PMID- 1227807 TI - [Membranous digestion under pathological conditions]. PMID- 1227808 TI - [Pathogenetic relationship between acute infectious enterocolitis and chronic unspecific enteropathy]. PMID- 1227809 TI - [Food incompatibility dependent on age, sex and disease]. PMID- 1227810 TI - [Morphological findings in drug induced lesions of the digestive tract]. PMID- 1227811 TI - [Bromsulphalein clearance and hyperbilirubinemia in Gilbert's syndrome]. PMID- 1227812 TI - [Types of insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1227813 TI - [The perforation of a peptic ulcer, situated near the cardia, into the left ventricle]. PMID- 1227814 TI - [The role of electroshock in the era of psychopharmacology]. AB - Since the introduction of medicamental therapies in psychiatry, the electroshock technique has been put aside. After having noticed the fact "figures in hand", the speaker: --Reminds the practical conditions of electroshock, its principal indications during depressions and schizophrenia. --Compares the various convulsive techniques and especially the unilateral electroshock as well as those based on the use of pharmacological agents. --Proposes applicable therapeutical rules divided into six points and meant for "resistant" depressions. PMID- 1227816 TI - [Antidepressives and anesthesia]. AB - Anesthesia and anti-depressors have a bad name: is their reputation justified? In the opinion of the Anesthesiologist, it is justified in a large part concerning the IMAO, because there is no absolutely secure solution in large scale surgery. On the other hand, the value of accidents must be reset in its proper place. Only the hypertensive increase is very worrying, not so the drop in tension, and it is often the therapeutical gesture which induces the catastrophe. As far as the tricyles are concerned, they never lead to real problems, if we are aware of the treatment to be applied. PMID- 1227815 TI - [Limits of efficacy and tolerance of antidepressive medications]. AB - About 35 to 40 % of all depressions still resist antidepressants either imipraiminic or M.A.O.I. In some cases recourse to E.S.T. may even be required. Recurrent monopolar depressions, hypochondriac depressions in aged patients, depressive states in psychotic evolutions are among the most difficult to be treated. Some factors of resistance (such as side benefits) happen in reactive and neurotic depressions and are independent of the pharmacological action. Among the problems of tolerance that have not been completely solved it is interesting to note, in the case of the tricyclics, confusional states and the dangers of toxicity for the heart, and in the case of M.A.O.I. the numerous forbidden associations (such as morphine-like substances, tricyclics, sympathicomimetic drugs...). The new compounds with supposed antidepressive action, such as hypothalamic factors (T.R.H. or M.I.F.) or the 5 H.T.P. represent research hypotheses rather than safe ground of treatment. The problems of maximal doses and long-acting antidepressants are also discussed. PMID- 1227817 TI - [General anesthesia for electroshock therapy]. AB - Those are a few reflexions to be pondered by psychiatrists, to remind them what are the dangers connected with anesthesia for electroshock-therapy. Some of those risks are well-known: inhalation of gastric liquids, recess in ventilation. Others are somehow more obscure: hyperkalemia, extended curarization after injection of succinylcholine. The risk is therefore still present: to know it is to be ready to face it. PMID- 1227818 TI - [The aging of the mentally ill]. AB - The growing old of patients levels and reduces the affective impact of the mental diseases in the way of leucotomia (Muller). The author considers this problem of these patient's destiny. The fact of sending them to retreat-home may recreate new-focus of segregation. The chimiotherapy becomes illusory when treating old people (iatrogene pseudo-dementia. Irreversible tertiary effect of the medical treatments). The old psychotic dies more peacefully than the old person who has become psychotical late in life with a kind of serenity which evokes a bonze's wisdom, identification pattern for the young people. Is schizophrenia a chronic disease or is it made chronic by our society? Is there an analogy between the residual mental automatism and the Far-Eastern extasis? PMID- 1227819 TI - [Psychiatry and sectorial politics]. AB - The organization in "sectors" of psychiatric assistance represents one answer to the need to perfect the treatment of mental illnesses and to promote an effective prophylaxis. "Sectorial politics" derive at the same time from the broad principles of community psychiatry as well as from a necessary evolution of hospital assistance. Faced with the perspectives the psychiatrist may experience difficulties regarding his own "situation" and fears concerning the manner in which he will be "utilised". He tends to amplify in order to better denounce, the various risks of deviation of "sectorial politics": demedicalisation, abusive "psychiatrisation", threats to individual liberties, etc... However, the effective participation of all psychiatrists constitutes the best guarantee that these risks will be avoided. PMID- 1227820 TI - [Moreno's psychodrama]. AB - Moreno's psychodrama is a technique of training and of group therapy which obeys the laws of sociometry. At the beginning of his career, Moreno as Freud, found himself in a transcultural position which allowed him to better observe the "classical occidental individual" captive of his stereotypal "Tinned culture". The psychodrama aims to the liberation of the human being alienated in his individuality thus giving him back a creative and relational spontaneity owing to the cathartic value of the collective game and drama (taken is its etymological sense). The new American society, issued from the old Europe, allowed him to practise his theoretical conceptions of sociometry. If the Psychodrama is a method of remarkable efficiency in the training of dynamic psychology of groups, its therapeutics indications must be given with the greatest caution, in order to be at any time under medical control, specifically psychiatric control. PMID- 1227821 TI - [Psychiatry and the control of procreation]. AB - Natural human reproduction is now controlled by medical means -contraception, surgical sterilization, free abortion-but for some couples (with a sterility problem) procreation is assisted by biological artifices-heterologous artificial insemination-or simulated by legal artifices = adoption (in France adopted children are officially notified as born from their adopting parents). These new biological methods and customs may create emotional disturbances and problems of identity. Psychiatrists have to know, to prevent or to treat them. This is a new pathology and there is a new role for psychiatrist. PMID- 1227822 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic study of a new antidepressive agent, mono methyl-amino-propyl-dibenzo-bicyclo-octadine hydrochloride (Ciba 34, 276 Ba)]. AB - A clinical trial on fifty patients studied a new compound with a quadricyclic structure, Ciba 34.276-Ba or Maprotiline in any category of depression. The product was found to have notable antidepressive properties, capable to act on the melancholic depressions of the manic depressive psychosis and of involutive melancholia. The best results were noted in the neurotic and reactive depressions perhaps because a tranquilizing activity marked in the majority of the cases. The clinical tolerance was found good and the side effects which reminded of those caused by derivates of Imipramine, remained moderate while the biological tolerance was perfect. The modifications of the electroencephalogram were of two types, one of them suggesting thymoanaleptic activity, the other suggesting rather a sedative activity. PMID- 1227823 TI - [Betahistidine hydrochloride in the treatment of vertebro-basilar insufficiency]. AB - The therapeutical results with betahistidine -HCl in 50 patients with vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency (VBI) are reported. Betahistidine was given in an average dosage of 4 mg three times daily. The basic clinical criterion for evaluation was the presence of vertigo in all patients. Patients with long-tract symptoms were excluded from the study. Clinical evaluation was assessed following a 4-point rating scale. Three examinations were carried out, i.e.: (I) prior to the therapy; (II) one month thereafter and (III) six months after the first examination. There were: a mild but definited improvement in 22 %, a good improvement in 44 %, a very good one in 16 % and no improvement or worsening of the condition in 18 % of the patients. No side effects were noticed. A double blind study was carried out in 10 patients with positive results. The reported data are showing that this drug is a useful short and long-term treatment in cases with "nuclear" forms of VBI where vertigo is predominent. PMID- 1227824 TI - [Correlations between human portal and peripheral venous insulin and proinsulin concentrations under glucose infusion]. AB - In 8 female patients carbohydrate tolerance was proved by means of glucose infusion test 3 days after cholecystectomy. Parameters analyzed in portal and peripheral vein blood are compared with that of 47 healthy persons. All patients demonstrate a pathological carbohydrate tolerance after cholecystectomy, further characterized by an increased lipolysis, a paradoxical rise of HGH, a diminished insulin secretion during the early and increased IRI output in the second phase. There is a significant positive correlation between portal and peripheral vein IRI concentration despite the rising portalperipheral venous IRI difference with raised portal venous IRI concentration. Corresponding differences for proinsulin concentrations can be established in the early phase only. Relations existing between blood glucose and IRI are shown by multiple regression analysis. They suggest that the altitude of IRI concentration is determined by previous blood glucose concentration. PMID- 1227825 TI - [Comparison between the oral glucose tolerance test and the glucose infusion test in the characterization of protodiabetes]. AB - Within 3 days the 2-hour glucose infusion test (GIT) and the 50gm oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) were performed in 113 normal weight and 33 obese persons suspected to protodiabetes and in 14 control subjects respectively. The results are compared with criteria from a group of healthy persons without any heredity of diabetes worked out in our laboratory. In about 66 per cent of the investigated subjects a concordance between both tests could observed in carbohydrate tolerance. Abnormal results were found more frequently after the oral glucose application. From these finding it was concluded a higher sensitivity of the oGTT. On the other hand followup studies of the disagreed diagnosis have shown that in 91 per cent the test results of the GIT were reproduced. The insulin secretion pattern agreed in 70 per cent between both tests. Whereas the insulin secretion pattern during the oGTT does not allowed to differ between the groups using the glucose infusion test we were able to observe a significant diminished hormone release in the initial as well as in the late phases, if the carbohydrate tolerance was pathologically. Summarizing the results we concluded that the GIT is characterized by a good reproducibility and a higher diagnostic importance than the 50 gm oGTT. PMID- 1227826 TI - [Results of long-term biguanide therapy as a preventive measure in protodiabetes]. AB - 55 patients with pathological glucose tolerance received a long term treatment with buformin (200 mg daily). In 43 of the protodiabetics the duration of treatment was one year, in 29 of them two years and in 11 three years. The age of the patients was 38 years and the mean relative body weight was 118 per cent. The effect of buformin on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion was tested with the glucose infusion test before and after the periods of treatment. After one year we found in 58 per cent, after two years in 69 per cent and after three years in 64 per cent of the protodiabetics an improvement of glucose tolerance. In these groups the results showed a rise of the IRI in the low responder and a decrease of the IRI in the high responder. The good effects on glucose tolerance were not demonstrable in the compared groups with long-term treatment of diet only. PMID- 1227827 TI - Testosterone concentration in testicular venous blood of adult rats and seminal citric acid and fructose concentration as well as weight of accessory sex organs. AB - In 31 adult rats of Wistar strain (body weight 231 +/- 14g) the relationships between testosterone concentration in testicular venous blood of an individual rat and weight of accessory sex organs (testes, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, levator ani muscle) and citric acid and fructose concentrations in seminal vesicles were investigated. No direct relationship was found between testosterone concentration and the above parameters. The correlation coefficient varied from 0.042 to 0.394. PMID- 1227828 TI - In vitro production of aldosterone by the rat adrenals after in vivo potassium- and sodium-loading and depletion. PMID- 1227829 TI - Further studies on prostaglandins. III. Effect of prostaglandins on thyroid activity as assessed by 125I. AB - The effect of crude prostaglandins extraced from prostate glands of camels as well as that PGE1, on the thyroid activity of male immature Boskat rabbits, was investigated. The iodinated amino acid fractions (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in the serum of the injected groups were determined in control and treated animals. Cytological work on sections of the thyroid glands of the treated and control rabbits were performed to study the effect on subcellular level. The results indicate that both crude and pure prostaglandins have a stimulating effect on thyroid activity. This was indicated by the increased 125I uptake of the thyroids of rabbits and evidenced histologically. PGE1, was found to be more effective as compared with the crude prostaglandins. The indinated amino acid and hormone fractions in the serum of the treated groups showed that T2 was increased as a result of injection of the crude prostaglandins, and T4 was increased after PGE1 injection. Tables and figures explained diversed effect. PMID- 1227830 TI - The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) as endocrinological test model. Thyroxine transport in blood. AB - By comparing in-vivo and in-vitro investigations the transport protein of thyroxine in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was determined. Electrophoretic and auto-radiographic methods were applied. Both investigations show the alpha-globulin to be a thyroxine-binding protein. The contradictions to other investigators are discussed. The experimental animal as an endocrinological model of the thyroid for questions of human medicine is recommended. PMID- 1227831 TI - Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex in leukemia L 1210-bearing mice. AB - Mice of the DBA strain were inoculated with 4.5 x 10(6) L1210 ascites cells and the time response of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex was studied. The amount of neurosecretory material was determined in the neuroendocrine cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, throughout the hypothalamo neurohypophysial tract and in the neural lobe of the hypophysis. Three methods of response evaluation were employed: the amoount of neurosecretory material was estimated according to an arbitrary scale, by cytophotometry while for the hypothalamic cell-nuclei the karyometric method was used. The existence of a functional interrelation between the presence of leukemic cells and the activity of the hormonogenic sites in the hypothalamus is suggested. A clear response to the tumor inoculation was established both in the amount of stainable substance and in the nuclear volume of the secretory neurones. It is suggested that an accelerated synthesis and release of neurosecretory material in tumor recipient mice reduces renal excretion in order to compensate a dehydration caused by the production of ascitic fluid. PMID- 1227832 TI - The effects of CBG on the in vitro reduction of 3H-progesterone by liver homogenates and cell suspensions. AB - The effects of CBG on 3H-progesterone metabolism by ovine, bovine and rat liver homogenates and bovine and rat liver cell suspensions were studied. As a source of CBG served plasma from "estrogenized" women. Same plasma, pretreated at 60 degree for 20 min. served as control. It was found that the amounts of 3H progesterone remaining after incubation were higher in the presence of CBG, as compared with control incubations, when using the homogenates. No such effect was observed in case of cell suspensions. PMID- 1227833 TI - [Rat ovarian function after post or prenatal injection of clomiphen]. AB - If newborn rats are subcutaneously injected with 0,075--0,100 mg of Clomiphene Citrate within the first 5 days, it results that 73.7% of the females remain anovulatory. The percentage rises to 100 if 0,125--0,400 mg are given in several injections. The identical treatment has no influence on the testicular function. Prenatal administration to pregnant rats (total amount 0,250--2,70 mg in repeated subcutaneous injections) interrupts the pregnancy in a high percentage, but has no effect on the later gonadal function of the foetuses. Equally ineffective is the prenatal intra-amniotic injection of clomiphene (0,125--0,250 mg into each amniotic cavity). In this respect the action of Clomiphene differs from the action of testosterone and also of estradiol, as these two hormones produce the identical effect after intra-amniotic as after postnatal administration i.e. they are effective if passage through the placenta is avoided. Clomiphene, postnatally effective, loses its effectiveness when intra-amniotically injected, although the placenta is eluded. An inactivating action of the amnion fluid could be the explanation of this phenomenon. PMID- 1227834 TI - Urinary androgen response of 8 girls with precocious puberty given cyproterone acetate. AB - The effects of cyproterone acetate (CA), daily oral administration of 100 mg/m2, on the levels of urinary androgen excretion and velocity of skeletal maturation were studied in 8 girl patients with precocious puberty. Under therapy, testosterone excretion fell within a short time, and velocity of skeletal maturation normalized when the treatment was prolonged. Other beneficial effects such as stoppage of vaginal bleeding and no further growth of breast size and public hair, were also observed. Of 3 subjects, who were given CA for a period of 2--3 yrs, 2 showed further increments in testosterone excretion levels. PMID- 1227835 TI - [The morphology and function of rat C-cells. 4. Determination of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and total nitrogen in the femora of untreated parathyroidectomized or thyreoparathyroidectomized and hormonally substituted female rats]. AB - Female Wistar rats of a live weight of about 160 g and fed with a standard laboratory diet, were parathyroidectomized, or thyroparathyroidectomized and treated with thyroxine, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin. thyroxine and parathyroid hormone, or thyroxine and calcitonin. On the 15th day post operationem, and after twelve days of hormone treatment, the concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and total nitrogen were determined in the femur bone. Parathyroidectomy resulted in a decrease of phosphorus concentration in bone. After thyroparathyroidectomy (Tx), the concentrations of inorganic phosporus and nitrogen diminished during some days, whereas the calcium content decreased continuously. Thyroxine application normalized the concentration of inorganic phosphorus. The osteolytic and nitrogen-anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone took place only in simultaneous treatment with thyroxine. The injection of calcitonin had a nitrogen-anabolic effect on bone; the simultaneous treatment with thyroxine induced a loss of calcium out of bone, and a deposition of calcium phosphate in renal tissue. Calcitonin did not inhibit a significant decrease of calcium concentration in the femur bone; the hypophosphatemic effect was always present. The metabolism of bone tissue, influenced by hormonal actions, probably determined the localization of the deposition of inorganic phosphorus, deserting the serum under the influence of calcitonin. PMID- 1227836 TI - [The behavior of the ketone bodies acetoacetate and D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate in the blood of hyperthyroxinemic and hypothyreote rats]. PMID- 1227837 TI - The effect of exogenous TSH and Achilles tendon reflex time in man. AB - The effect of exogenous thyrotropin (TSH) -- 3 X 10 IU daily -- on Achilles tendon reflex time (ART) was investigated in the group of 38 in-patients, treated for thyroid cancer. A significant shortening of ART was recorded in a subgroup of hypothyroid persons after the 2nd and 3rd dose of TSH. Moreover, a significant correlation was proved between initial values of ART and their changes after the 2nd and 3rd TSH injection in this group. No significant interrelationship was observed between changes of thyroid function and ART after TSH administration. In interpretation of this finding the possibility of direct effect of TSH on muscle metabolism in hypothyroid man should be considered. PMID- 1227838 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in rats after partial or total isolation of the medial hypothalamus. AB - After medial hypothalamic deafferentation at complete (CD), frontal (FD), or frontolateral (FL) levels, at the same time with adrenocortical hormone determination, sensitivity to insulin and insulinemia were determined at a postoperative time, when adenohypophyseal hormonogenetic process concerned to ACTH and growth hormone, is reverted to the normal. The glucose assimilation coefficient (K) was followed weekly for a month postoperatively. Insulin sensitivity decreased after CD and increased after FD. FL and CD rats had significantly elevated plasma insulin level, despite normoglycemia. The changes recorded in plasma insulin level and sensitivity to insulin are attributed primarily to the CNS defect. After hypothalamic isolation, K is unchanged. This might point to the creation of new set point for hypo- and hyperglycemiating system, respectively. We concluded that the presence of nervous connections of the medial hypothalamus with surrounding nervous structures is necessary for a normal carbohydrate metabolism control. PMID- 1227839 TI - A thymic factor increasing the blood sugar level. AB - The thymus extract prepared by using isotonic NaC1 solution causes hyperglycaemy and the thymectomy, too, produces the same effect. Consequently, the active substance of the thymus is produced elsewhere in the organism and being stored within the thymus, gets into the extract by homogenizing its cells. Both the thymectomy and the thymic factor increase the effect of alloxan and this sensitizing effect can be prevented by pretreatment with prednisolone. PMID- 1227840 TI - Immunoreactive insulin and obesity in women. AB - The authors investigated basal and glucose stimulated (50 g by mouth) IRI values in women with normal weight and obese women (58) under conditions of balanced body-weight and after its reduction. The body composition was determined (from body density), and from specimens of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue also the size of fat cells and their total number. In obese women significantly higher IRI levels (basal and stimulated) were found as compared with controls and these values had a marked tendency towards normalization after reduction of body weight. The authors found significant relations between IRI values and the degree of obesity, fat content and lean body mass. The closest correlation was found between the stimulated IRI values and Broca's index (r = +0.8227). Between the loss of body-weight and body fat and between changes of IRI in obese subjects no significant relations were found. Investigation of the relationship of IRI and the size and total number of fat cells revealed marked associations between basal values and the sum of stimulated IRI values and the size of the fat cell. Relations between IRI and the total number of fat cells were not significant. When investigating the relationship between the incidence of obesity in the family and IRI values it was revealed that the group of obese women with obese mothers, as compared with the group who had neither parent obese, had a significantly higher basal IRI value and IRI value after stimulation with glucose during the 120th and 180th minute, the higher basal value in the group with an obese father was not significant. After weight reduction the differences between basal and stimulated IRI values were not significant. PMID- 1227841 TI - Elevated free testosterone in the plasma of early pregnant women bearing male fetuses and of hypersexual men. PMID- 1227842 TI - The effects of testosterone administered neonatally on the incorporation of 3H leucine into protein by thyroid gland of rat: a neonatal priming. AB - Rats were castrated on day 2 after birth, given one injection of testosterone pronate (TP: 2.5 mg) or oil just after operation and then received TP or oil when adult. 3H-Leucine was injected intravenously 2.5 hours before killing. The incorporation of labelled amino acid into protein was investigated in the thyroid glands. Males receiving TP both neonatally and when adult incorporate twice as much labelled leucine into protein as compared to their counterparts. Grain density was highest in the thyroid gland of early hormone treated rats when challanged with testosterone in adulthood. Thyroid gland priming by early hormone treatment has been discussed. PMID- 1227844 TI - The mechanism of liver splanchnomegaly produced by a transplantable pituitary mammotropic tumor in rats. AB - The mechanism of liver splanchnomegaly developed in rats bearing a transplantable pituitary mammotropic tumor which secretes large amounts of ACTH and prolactin has been studied. The results indicate that in the first phase of tumor growth liver enlargement could be due to hypertrophy, and later mainly to hyperplasia which overcomes hypertrophy. The adrenal glands were found to play an essential role in the process of liver splanchnomegaly because adrenalectomy prevented the disproportional growth of the liver. Evidence is presented showing that glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones responsible for the development of liver splanchnomegaly. PMID- 1227843 TI - Effect of ovariectomy and replacement therapy on the tissue lipid pattern in rats. AB - Ovariectomy increases the percentage of total lipids in liver, kidney and uterus of intact cyclic rats. Estrogen and progesterone, when administered individually to ovariectomized rats, caused a decrease in the total lipid content of all tissues. Th effect of progesterone in estrogen-primed rats is not significant. Triglyceride and cholesterol content increases after ovariectomy; treatment with estrogen in ovariectomized rats led to a decrease in the concentration of these lipids. Progesterone has no significant effect on these lipids but showed an antagonistic action when given in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats. The proportions of ethanolamine, choline and inositol phospholipids decreased after spaying and increased when estrogen was given to spayed rats. Progesterone alone had effect only on the uterus whereas progesterone administered to estrogen primed rats showed an antagonistic effect in all tissues. PMID- 1227845 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay of progesterone in plasma of farm animals. AB - A radioimmunoassay technique has been developed for measuring progesterone directly, without extraction, in 20-mul-aliquots of plasma. The assay was performed in disposable polystyrene test-tubes. Working range of the calibration curve was 0.3 to 10 ng/ml, the precision rangin from 30 to 6%, respectively. The results obtained by the presented method are fully comparable to those reported by others. This method has been applied to farm animals, but is also applicable to other species whose plasma has a low affinity for progesterone. PMID- 1227846 TI - Total and free testosterone in plasma of hypo- and agonadal men. AB - Plasma total testosterone (T), apparently free T and testosterone binding globulin (TeBG) capacity determined in 14 normal men aged 30-40 years were 461 +/ 100 ng/100 ml, 9.4 +/- 3.0 ng/100 ml and 5.7 +/- 1.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively, whereas in 16 hypogonadal men the corresponding values were 38.6 +/- 27.2 ng/100 ml, 0.47 +/- 0.41 ng/100 ml and 10.4 +/- 3.4 X 10(-8) M showing the TeBG capacity significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in hypogonadal than in normal men. Treatment of 5 hypogonadal subjects with 250 mg testosterone enanthate plus 50 mg testosterone propionate decreased (p less than 0.001) the TeBG level from 14.7 +/ 2.5 X 10(-8YM to 8.3 +/- 1.4 X 10(-8) M on day 8 after a single injection. According to this difference in TeBG, the free T fraction in plasma rose from 0.94% to 1.9% of the total T concentration. These results suggest that alteration of total plasma T affected the TeBG capacity. Decreased T levels raised and increased T concentrations suppressed TeBG, but with a delayed response to the changed T concentrations. The initial mean values in 12 patients with prostatic cancer aged 60-74 years were 397 +/- 165 ng/100 ml, 4.05 +/- 1.8 ng/100 ml and 11.9 +/- 3.3 X 10(-8) M, respectively. The TeBG capacity in these patients was significantly higher and the free T concentration significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than those of the younger normal males. After treatment with 12 g diethylstilbestrol diphosphate and orchidectomy, the TeBG increased to 33.3 +/- 13.1 X 10(-8) M and the plasma free T concentration decreased to the minimal value of 0.053 +/- 0.04 ng/100 ml. PMID- 1227847 TI - Effect of glucose infusion on venous blood levels of immunoreactive proinsulin activity, insulin activity and fat parameters in healthy and protodiabetic subjects. AB - Concentrations of immunoreactive insulin activity (IRI) and proinsulin activity (IRP), blood glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, cholesterol, triglycerides were analyzed in 140 subjects suspect of protodiabetes and 50 healthy persons before, during and after a glucose infusion test (GIT). The protodiabetic subjects were classified into normweight, overweight, obese, hyperlipemic groups with diet or with Regadrin therapy and each of them subdivided into such with normal and such with pathological carbohydrate tolerance. Norm- and overweight subjects with asymptomatic diabetes were characterized by a significant reduction of insulin secretion during both phases. Obese patients with or without hyperlipoproteinemia demonstrated an increased IRI reaction during the late phase of secretion. Carbohydrate intolerance was associated with an enhancement of basal triglyceride levels and a reduced depression of glycerol and FFA during the GIT. There were no differences in fasting or reactive IRP concentrations between healthy and protodiabetic subjects with normal carbohydrate tolerance. In asymptomatic diabetes the IRP levels were increased during the late secretion phase, but the percentage of IRP in total IRI was normal or--in existing high response--significantly reduced in comparison to norm response. The results do not support an enhanced IRP secretion as the cause of carbohydrate intolerance. PMID- 1227848 TI - Ovulation induced by the intraventricular infusion of norepinephrine in rats made anovulatory by neonatal administration of various doses of testosterone. AB - Gradually increasing doses of neonatal TP decrease the rate of ovulation induced by intraventricular infusion of 100 mug of NE. This finding suggests that the reduced functional capacity of the LH-RH-producing neurons in androgen-sterilized rats may account for the difference between the ovulatory action of NE in anterior hypothalamus-lesioned and androgen-sterilized rat. PMID- 1227849 TI - Heavy metal contamination from geothermal sources. AB - Liquid-dominated hydrothermal reservoirs, which contain saline fluids at high temperatures and pressures, have a significant potential for contamination of the environment by heavy metals. The design of the power conversion cycle in a liquid dominated geothermal plant is a key factor in determining the impact of the installation. Reinjection of the fluid into the reservoir minimizes heavy metal effluents but is routinely practiced at few installations. Binary power cycles with reinjection would provide even cleaner systems but are not yet ready for commercial application. Vapor-dominated systems, which contain superheated steam, have less potential for contamination but are relatively uncommon. Field data on heavy metal effluents from geothermal plants are sparse and confounded by contributions from "natural" sources such as geysers and hot springs which often exist nearby. Insofar as geothermal power supplies are destined to multiply, much work is required on their environmental effects including those caused by heavy metals. PMID- 1227850 TI - Distribution of metallothionein-bound cadmium and cadmium chloride in mice: preliminary studies. AB - Metallothionein from livers of mice was isolated by gel chromatography and isoelectric focusing. One of two forms thus obtained contained 32 percent cysteine. This form, labeled in vitro with 109Cd, was injected intravenously in mice, and the distribution of 109Cd was studied. Animals killed after 4 hrs had over 80 percent of the injected dose in the kidneys. Protein obtained after gel chromatography, containing both forms of cadmium-binding protein, was also labeled in vitro with 109Cd and injected intravenously. Animals killed 4 hrs after injection had 50 percent of the injected dose in the kidneys. Whole-body measurements and wholebody autoradiography demonstrated that approximately 40-60 percent of the injected dose had been excreted in urine. The results show a selective accumulation of metallothionein-bound cadmium in the kidney and indicate possible differences in distribution and excretion of cadmium depending on binding to different forms of low molecular weight cadmium-binding proteins. PMID- 1227851 TI - Methylmercury in the environment: a review of current understanding. AB - The danger of methylmercury poisoning appears to be slight when the environment is not directly contaminated with methylmercury. Sediments rapidly bind mercury and decrease its availability to aquatic organisms. Sediments further have a greater propensity to demethylate than to methylate mercury. In noncontaminated aquatic ecosystems, the concentrations of methylmercury and inorganic mercury are many times lower than those that have been found to cause toxicity, even in the most sensitive organisms. Methylmercury bound to protein is comparatively less toxic than methylmercury salts, and selenium present in this protein appear to be one of the major detoxifying agents for methylmercury. This is particularly important in seafood, where there is an excess of selenium compared to methylmercury. PMID- 1227852 TI - Developmental and behavioral changes in the rat during chronic exposure to lead. AB - Young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given drinking water containing 5 or 50 ppm Pb for 40 days prior to mating. Pregnant females were continued on these regimens throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning the offspring were similarly exposed through adulthood. Reflex development, body weights, and locomotor activity were measured in the offspring. Significant delays were noted in the development of the righting reflex at 5 and 50 ppm and in eye opening at 50 ppm. No difference was observed in development of the startle reflex at either dose. Mean body weights of treatment groups during this developmental period were not significantly different from controls. Locomotor activity was measured in adult males utilizing a residential maze. Both levels of lead produced a significant reduction in locomotor activity. When groups were treated with d amphetamine (4.0 mg/kg subcutaneous), lead treatment caused a dose-related diminution in the amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. These results indicate that rats exposed to low levels of lead from conception until adulthood show a delay in nervous system development. As adults, these animals exhibit hypoactivity and decreased responsiveness to amphetamine. PMID- 1227853 TI - Methylmercury-cholinesterase interactions in rats. AB - The interaction of methylmercury hydroxide (MMH) and cholinesterases was studied in male and female rats. MMH administered subcutaneously in doses of 10 mg/kg for 2 days reduced the level of plasma cholinesterase (ButChE) by 68% in females and 47% in males while brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was unaffected. Normal females had higher but more variable ButChE levels than normal males. In a time course experiment, a single dose of MMH (10 mg/kg) reduced ButChE levels when mercury levels reached 22 mug/ml in the blood. A 10% reduction in brain AChE was observed at 72 hours; however, mercury reached a concentration of only 2.0 mug/g in brain tissue. The determination of the Michaelis constant Km and maximum velocity value Vmax for butyrylcholine and ButChE in control and MMH-treated (1 mg/kg) animals indicated that MMH reduced Vmax only. Since no loss in ButChE activity occurred when MMH and control plasma were incubated in vitro, MMH is not a direct inhibitor of ButChE. Because only the inactive monomeric form of ButChE contains free sulfhydryl groups, it is postulated that MMH combines covalently with the sulfur, preventing formation of active enzyme. By analogy, it is believed this is also the case with AChE. PMID- 1227854 TI - Arsenic pollution at Obuasi Goldmine, town, and surrounding countryside. AB - Human hair samples from mine workers and Obuasi citizens; various food items; drinking and washing water from Obuasi town; vegetation and soils from the countryside bordering on the goldmine; and geological materials from the mining process were collected and analyzed by volumetric, gravimetric, colorimetric, and neutron activation methods in order to assess the degree of arsenic pollution brought about as a result of the goldmining operations at Obuasi. PMID- 1227855 TI - Analysis of control methods: mercury and cadmium pollution. AB - Physical system conceptual models are developed to illustrate the various interconnecting pathways of metal flow. Economic use of mercury and cadmium, as representative toxic heavy metals, is inventoried, and the losses of each from the pathways of economic use are compared. Distinctions are made between high volume consumers and industries that are responsible for a large percent of total emissions or effluent loads. The pathways of the metals in the environment are traced via the conceptual models. A global mass balance is presented for mercury. The problem of high local concentrations vs. global metal flow is reviewed. Impacts of the metals on human health are categorized by type of effect. Available control strategies and abatement measures are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of each on the problems of metal pollution, as illustrated by the physical models. PMID- 1227856 TI - Health effects of fossil fuel combustion products: report of a workshop. AB - Judgemental positions are presented on research priorities in regard to the health effects from stationary sources of fossil fuel combustion products. Hopefully, they can provide guidance for efforts to ensure that national energy needs are met with minimum environmental and economic burdens on the public. The major areas include epidemiological studies, controlled biological studies, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, trace elements, monitoring and analysis. PMID- 1227857 TI - Determination of platinum, palladium, and lead in biological samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - A flameless atomic absorption method for the coextraction of platinum and palladium from biological and environmental samples by high molecular weight amine (HMWA) is given. Also, methods for lead determination in biological samples by use of extraction flameless analysis and direct aspiration-flame analysis are reported. A study of lead contamination of Vacutainer tubes is given. PMID- 1227858 TI - Levels of platinum, palladium, and lead in populations of Southern California. AB - Results of an epidemiology study of populations living near a freeway and in the high desert area of Southern California for levels of platinum, palladium and lead are presented. Three age groups (children, young adults, and mature adults) were sampled twice for blood, urine, hair, and feces. Air, water, and soil samples were collected in the areas of the residences of the two populations. The primary objective of this study was to obtain baseline levels of these metals prior to the introduction of the catalytic muffler. The samples were collected in September 1974. PMID- 1227859 TI - Whole body retention in rats of different 191Pt compounds following inhalation exposure. AB - The whole body retention, excretion, lung clearance, distribution, and concentration of 191Pt in other tissues was determined in rats following a single inhalation exposure to different chemical forms of 191Pt. The chemical forms of 191Pt used in study were 191PtCl4, 191Pt(SO4)2, 191PtO, and 191Pt metal. Immediately after exposure most of the 191Pt was found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Movement of the 191Pt through the gastrointestinal tract was rapid, most of the 191Pt being eliminated within 24 hr after exposure. Lung clearance was much slower, with a clearance half-time of about 8 days. In addition to the lungs, kidney and bone contained the highest concentrations of 191Pt. PMID- 1227860 TI - Cardiovascular actions of palladium compounds in the unanesthetized rat. AB - The natural occurrence of palladium (Pd) is rare. It is obtained as a by-product during the extraction of platinum and, until the present time, its uses were small in number--principally in the manufacture of jewelry, dental alloys, chemical catalysts, and electrical contacts. Interest in Pd toxicology has been limited to occupational exposures and even that has been sparse. Recently Pd has been chosen as one of the metals to be incorporated into the automotive catalytic converter material. Palladium chloride has been shown to be extremely toxic when given to rabbits intravenously. Animals rapidly injected quickly died with damage chiefly to the heart. This heart damage was not explained or further defined, and other references addressing this subject have not been found. The objective of our study was to investigate and attempt to characterize toxic actions of soluble Pd compounds on the cardiovascular system of the unanesthetized rat. Surgically prepared rats were monitored for ECG, aortic blood pressure, cardiac contractility (dp/dt), and respiration before, during, and 1 hr following intravenous injections of Pd2+ salt solutions. Our findings indicate that injected Pd2+ profoundly disturbs the electrical integrity of ventricular myocardium. Effective doses induce cardiac arrhythmias with the consequential fall in blood pressure; the extent of the response is dose related. An immediate cardiovascular effect is seen when doses of 0.4 mg/kg or more of Pd ion as PdSO4 is administered over a 40-sec period of time via the femoral vein. Pd(NO3)2 and PdCl2 appear to have similar activity. To achieve and equal response three times as much Pd is necessary as (NH4)2PdCl4 or K2PdCl4. PMID- 1227861 TI - Effect of platinum and palladium salts on thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat tissues. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of PtCl4 or Pd(NO3)2 at levels of 28 or 56 mumole/kg body weight decreased the thymidine incorporation into DNA of spleen, liver, kidney, and testis. Spleen was most sensitive to both the platinum and the palladium salt. In liver, DNA syntheses in parenchymal cells and stromal cells were about equally sensitive to PtCl4. In control rats, only 20-30% of the 3H in the acid-soluble fraction of liver or spleen was in the form of thymidine and its phosphate esters 2 hr after the intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine; prior injection of PtCl4 (56 mumol/kg body weight) did not change the pattern. PMID- 1227862 TI - Heavy metal exposure from foods. AB - The Food and Drug Administration has a continuing program of monitoring foods for their content of lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, arsenic, and selenium to determine trends of increasing or decreasing levels. The monitoring protocol is that of the Total Diet Study, in which "market baskets" of typical foods and beverages consumed by 15- to 20-year-old American males are collected in various geographical locations at regular intervals during the year, divided into food classes, composited, and analyzed. Cadmium has the most widespread distribution of the six heavy metals and mercury the most limited. The analytical values for lead may be underestimated because of limitations of the methodology; these do not apply to the other five elements. A tabulation by year shows that the levels of these elements in foods do not vary significantly from one year to the next. Average intakes of lead, cadmium, and mercury are below the WHO/FAO tolerable intakes for adults; such tolerable intakes have not been established for arsenic and selenium. Increases in concentrations of these elements in foods would be considered undesirable, however. PMID- 1227863 TI - Levels of toxic metals in marine organisms collected from Southern California coastal waters. AB - Emission of toxic trace metals into southern California coastal waters has resulted in the extensive accumulation of the elements within marine sediments. The current study was undertaken to evaluate concentrations of trace metals in bottom-dwelling marine fauna collected from two sampling areas. Analyses carried out on muscle samples of the dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) and the crab (Cancer anthonyi) by proton-induced x-ray emission analysis showed considerable concentrations of arsenic and selenium. Samples of gonads, digestive gland, and muscle from the crab Mursia gaudichaudii analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed elemental concentrations in muscle similar to the crab Cancer anthonyi and much higher metal levels in gonad and digestive gland. These findings suggest the need for further studies concerning the relationship between emission of metals into the marine environment and their abundance in marine fauna. PMID- 1227864 TI - Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in acute lead encephalopathy: a reappraisal. AB - Acute lead encephalopathy was induced in adult guinea pigs by administering daily oral doses of lead carbonate. During the development of the encephalopathy, the structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated with electron microscopy and tracer probes. Blood, cerebral gray matter, liver, and kidney were analyzed for lead, calcium, and magnesium content. The animals regularly developed an encephalopathy after four doses of lead. There were no discernible pathomorphologic alterations in the cerebral capillaries or perivascular glial sheaths. Furthermore, no evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction was demonstrated with Evans blue-albumin complex or horseradish peroxidase. Blood-brain barrier permeability to radiolead was not increased in the intoxicated animals. During the development of the encephalopathy there was a progressive rise in the lead concentration in all tissues. Concurrently, there was a significant rise in brain calcium. These results suggest that the encephalopathic effects of lead may be mediated directly at the neuronal level. PMID- 1227866 TI - Mass balance of trace elements in Walker branch watershed: relation to coal-fired steam plants. AB - A mass balance study of trace element flows at the TVA Allen Steam Plant at Memphis showed that most of the released Hg, some Se, and probably most Cl and Br are discharged to the atmosphere as gases. The elements As, Cd, Cu, Ga, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn were concentrated in fly ash compared to slag and were more concentrated in the ash discharged through the stack than in that collected by the precipitator, while Al, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Mg, Mn, Rb, Sm, Sr, Ta, Th, and Ti showed little preferential partitioning between the slag and the collected or discharged fly ash. The elements Cr, Cs, Na, Ni, U, and V exhibited behavior intermediate between the latter two groups. This information about stack emissions of trace elements from the Allen Plant was used to estimate the likely range of air concentrations and input (dry and wet deposition) to the Walker Branch Watershed. The watershed, which is on the ERDA reservation at Oak Ridge, is within 20 km of three coal-fired steam plants, two in the TVA system and one belonging to ERDA. The estimated input values are compared to measurements of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in wet precipitation falling on the watershed during 1973 and 1974. Dry deposition of these elements could not be measured directly but estimates indicated that this could be of the same order of magnitude as the rainwater input. A six-month mass balance indicated that the watershed efficiently retains Pb (97-98% of the atmospheric input,) Cu (82-84%), while Cr (69%), Mn (57%), Zn (73%), and Hg (69%) are less well retained. PMID- 1227865 TI - Specificity of the effects of lead on brain energy metabolism for substrates donating a cytoplasmic reducing equivalent. AB - Lead chloride, at concentrations of 67 muM in the incubation media, inhibits the potassium-stimulated respiration (3 to 30mM increase in K+) of rat cerebral cortex slices. The inhibition observed was dependent upon the substrate provided. In the presence of 10mM glucose or lactate, 35-50% inhibition of the response was observed, but no evidence of an effect could be observed when 10mM pyruvate served as substrate. In consonance with these observations, spectral measurements during the course of the response revealed an attenuation of the initial NAD(P)H oxidation followed by a substantial accumulation of the intermediate in slices metabolizing glucose, but not those metabolizing pyruvate. In vivo treatment of adult rats with six intrapertoneal injections spaced over a 14-day period gave rise to essentially similar findings at cerebral cortical lead concentrations averaging 0.41 mug/g (range equals 0.34-0.52) and above. No effect was observed at brain lead concentrations averaging 0.17 mug/g. These data suggested that lead interfered with the oxidation of the NAD(P)H produced by the initial oxidations of glucose in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of cytoplasmic NAD(P)H oxidation by brain mitochondria is of peculiar importance in a tissue relying almost exclusively upon the metabolism of glucose in vitro. PMID- 1227868 TI - Observations on the sandfly (phlebotomidae) fauna of Setit Humera (Northwestern Ethiopia). PMID- 1227867 TI - Placental transfer of cadmium in rats: influence of dose and gestational age. AB - Placental transfer rates of cadmium were investigated in rats in relation to dose (0.1, 0.4, and 1.6 mg Cd/kg) and the gestational age (12, 15, and 20 days) when rats were treated. Pregnant rats were injected intravenously with a single dose of 109CdCl2 (approximately 20 muCi/animal), and animals were sacrificed after 24 hr. 109Cd concentrations were measured in the fetus, placenta, maternal liver, and blood. Cadmium crossed the placenta at all doses and at all gestational ages tested. However, higher percentages of administered cadmium accumulated in the fetus with increasing dose and increasing gestational age. For example, after pregnant rats were injected with low, middle, and high doses of Cd on day 12 of gestation, fetuses accumulated 0.0001, 0.0028, and 0.0095 per cent of the injected dose, respectively. Percentages of administered Cd detected in placental tissue did not change consistently with dose but Cd levels did increase with gestational age. Placental to maternal blood Cd concentration ratios increased with gestational age but not with dose. Maternal liver to fetal liver concentration ratios were 295, 137, and 27 for low, middle and high doses, respectively, 24 hr after pregnant rats were treated on day 20 of gestation. These results are discussed in relation to placental damage, metallothionein inducibility, and fetotoxicity. PMID- 1227869 TI - A preliminary report on onchocerciasis in North Western Ethiopia. PMID- 1227870 TI - Common bacterial pathogens in Addis Ababa, 1969-1974. I. frequency of isolation. PMID- 1227871 TI - Abdominal typhoid peritonitis. PMID- 1227872 TI - Manpower training in the field of health in Ethiopia. PMID- 1227874 TI - Health care in socialist countries. PMID- 1227873 TI - Immuno-metabolism in leprosy. PMID- 1227875 TI - [Effect of promedol and fentanyl on the permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier of rats for noradrenaline-H3]. AB - In tests situations with rats it was shown that promedol and phentanide produce an analgetic action accompanied by a reduced flow of tagged norepinephrine from the blood into the brain. A parallelism between the dosage of the substances and the intensity of the analgetic effect and the degree of changed permeability of the blood-cerebral barrier could be noted. PMID- 1227876 TI - [Effect of lithium and cesium ions on the effects of catecholamines and serotonin introduced into the rat hippocampus]. AB - Local micro-injection of dophamine, norepinephrine and serotonin into the dorsal hippocampus of rats in doses of 5gamma does not affect the muscle tone and spontaneous motor activity of the animals, but lengthens the latent period of the conditioned avoidance reflex (CAR). When administered into the hippocampus in the same dose 15 minutes after injection of lithium chloride (1gamma equiv) dophamine inhibits stronger the CAR and noticeably stimulates the motor activity. At the same time, a preliminary injection of lithium cloride into the hippocampus does not change the action of norepinephrine and serotonin on the length of the latent CAR period, but, when used against the background of lithium chloride, norepinephrine depresses the motor activity. PMID- 1227877 TI - [Neurophysiological mechanisms of the action of stimulators on the memory]. AB - Aethimizol - and strychnine-induced improvement of the short-term memory in dogs is attened by a rising level of excitability of the mesencephalic reticular formation, ventral hippocampus and of the frontal region of the neocrotex. And, conversely, with the stimulats producing a facilitating effect on the memory the excitability of the dorsal hippocampus, mamillary bodies and the dorso-medial amygdala becomes less intensive. At the same time, the function of the anterio ventral thalamus, basolateral amygdala and also of the primary visual and accoustic regions of the neocortex remains unchanged. Aethimizol exerts an inhibitory effect on the lateral and ventro-medial hypothalamus whereas strychnine raises the excitability of the later and does not change the function of the ventro-medial hypothalamus. The lack of stimulating effect of caffeine on the memory is due to a different organization of the brain. PMID- 1227878 TI - [Pharmacological properties of some p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives]. AB - Among some derivatives of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (dialkylaminoethyl, diethylaminoethylmercaptomercaptan and tropine ethers, dialkylaminoethylene amides) there have been discovered compounds with marked neurotropic, locally anesthetic, antiarrhythmic and antihypoxic properties. PMID- 1227879 TI - [Effect of choline chloride and calcium pantothenate on neuromuscular pathology caused by the administration of triamcinolone]. AB - On isolated phrenico-diaphragmal preparations of 17-days old and adult rats it is shown that introduction of triamcinolon (for 3 days in amounts of 1.4 mg/kg) results in disruption of the neuro-muscular transmission, manifesting itself in a less intensive reaction to exogenous acetylcholine and alpha-tubocurarine. Administration of choline chloride and calcium pantothenate following that of triamcinolon does away with these effects of the glucocorticoid. PMID- 1227880 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the reaction of the myocardial adenyl system to pharmacological sympatholysis]. AB - Rats aged 7, 30 days and 3-5 months were given intraperitoneally single doses (2.5 mg/kg) of reserpine. The content of the adenyl system compounds (ATP, ADP, AMP and inorganic phosphorus) was determined. It was shown that as regards the extent of ATP and ADP depression the 7-day old animals proved more sensitive to reserpine than were adult animals. PMID- 1227881 TI - [Experimental study of the anti-arrhythmia action of unithiol]. AB - Tests conducted on 70 rabbits showed that cardiac rhythm disorders produced by introduction of a 10% calcium chloride solution was prevented by the administration of unithiol. With developing arrhythmia in the muscle of the rabbits' heart the level of sulfhydryl groups went down. The introduction of unithiol was followed by a rising content of sulfhydryl groups, especially in the myocardium of the left ventricle. PMID- 1227882 TI - [Comparison of the anti-arrhythmia and local anesthetizing actions of some substances]. AB - A comparison of antiarrhythmic activity of substances (stimulation of the heart with electric current and measuring the duration of the refractory peroid) as against their local anesthetic properties (the eye cornea of the rabbit and the ischiatic nerve of the frog) proved the existence of a close correlation between the ability of substances to abolish arrhythmia, caused by an electric stimulation of the heart, and their capacity to produce a conduction anesthesia in the ischiatic nerve of a decapitated frog. PMID- 1227883 TI - [Pharmacology of a new anti-angina preparation, nonachlazin]. AB - Data on pharmacology of nonachlazine-a new antianginal preparation effective in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease-are presented. The drug tends to greatly improve the blood supply of the heart. Its beneficial action comes from the ability to intensively and protractedly enhance the coronary blood flow, thus increasing the oxygen reserve of the heart with the contractility of the myocardium rising without any substantial changes in the cardiac output and work. PMID- 1227885 TI - [Effect of cordiamine and corasol on the tonus of the lymphatic vessels]. AB - The action of cordiamine and pentylene tetrazole upon the tonicity of the thoracic and jugular lymph trunks and the arterial pressure was studied in acute experiments on dogs by employing perfusion with Lock's solution under constant pressure. It is shown that pentylene tetrazole forces down, as a rule, the lymph vessels tone, while cordiamine primarily brings it up. PMID- 1227884 TI - [Effect of trimethoxybenzoate-1,2-oxyethylbenzimidazole and dibazol on the blood supply of the brain]. AB - Tests staged on cats demonstated that intact animals and under conditions of the cerebral circulation restricted through intra-arterial infusion of serotonin-1,2 oxyethylbenzimidazole trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride and dibazol caused with their intracarotic injection a material increase of the blood supply to the brain, exercising a vasodepressor action on the major functional divisions of its vascular system. PMID- 1227886 TI - [Synthesis and study of iophendylate (ethyliodophenylundecylates) in experimental myelo-, lympho- and hepathography]. AB - An oily roentgen-contrast medium - iophendylate, whose physico-chemical properties are identical to those of the English oily medium - Myodil has been synthesized. Procedures for an experimental myelo-, lympho- and hepathography with the use of iophendylate have been worked out and tried. The medium is shown to posses high roentgencontrast properties and satisfactory tolarebleness. PMID- 1227887 TI - [Antiheparin properties of synthetic polycations]. AB - The toxicity of differently structured polymeric compounds for mice (intravenously) and their antiheparin properties in in vitro and in vivo tests were studied. The antiheparin activity display polymers containing amino groups or onium atoms of nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus in various structures. The antagonism to heparin is due to the polymers being endowed with polycationic properties. PMID- 1227888 TI - [Effect of gangleron on the free amino acid content in the gastric mucosa and in the biological fluids of rats with experimental ulcers]. AB - Tests set up in albino rats with experimental peptic ulcer showed the gastric mucosa and the blood serum to contain a materially reduced quantity of free amino acids with their increase in the gastric juice. Introduction of gangleron contributed to a considerable rise in the level of the most of free amino acids in the mucosa of different gastric areas and in the blood serum. Under the effect of gangleron the content of free amino acids continued at a high level. PMID- 1227889 TI - [Effect of reasec on the motor function of the esophagus and cardiac sphincter in cats]. AB - Acute experiments with cats demonstrated that intravenous injection of reasec in doses of 0.25-0.45 ml/kg inhibits the contractile activity of the smooth muscles part of the esophagus, including the cardiac sphincter. The motoricity in the proximal sections of the esophagus formed by the striated muscles did not change against the background of the reasec's action. PMID- 1227890 TI - [Study of the embrotoxic properties of the repellent diethyltoluamide]. AB - With application to the skin of an albino female-rat over the whole period of its pregnancy of the repellent diethyltolueneamide (DETA) in doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg the overall embryonal fatality was found to go up, the size and weight of the rattlings to be down; there was recorded a lagging development of the newborns and a high postnatal death rate. The preparation could easily overcome the placental barrier, it was demonstrable in the placenta, fetuses, as well as in the bodies of newborn rattlings, even 3 months after their birth. PMID- 1227892 TI - [Effect of chlorophos on energy metabolism in the placenta and in the organs of the intrauterine fetus]. PMID- 1227891 TI - [Effect of chloridine on some biochemical indices in pregnant rats]. AB - Experiments conducted on rats demonstrated that introduction of chloridine (35 mg/kg) on the 13th day of gestation causes maldevelopment of the fetuses in 81.5 per cent of the cases. The blood serum of female-rats receiving the teratogenic compound showed a change in the content of the pre-albuminic and albuminic fractions, the appearance of an unusual proteinic band in the beta-globulins zone and also perversion of the isoenzymatic spectrum of the serumal lactate dehydrogenase, as well as a 2.9-fold increase of its specific activity. PMID- 1227893 TI - [Study of the mechanism of action of tegretol in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. AB - Less pronounced intensity of extrapyramidal hyperkineses and aggravation of motor disturbances in patients with diffuse sclerosis occurring under the effect of tegretol prompted the authors to study the action of this drug on the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Daily administration of tegretol in a dose of 375 mg/kg retarded the development of the affection and produced a marked adynamia in the animals. Slowing down of the dominant rhythm and depression of its amplitude were recorded on the EEG. Shifts in the potassium and sodium content and reduced brain cholesterase activity were noted. The authors ascribe these changes to a mediated action of tegretol upon deep-seated cerebral structures. PMID- 1227894 TI - [Effect of 7 days of administration of prednisolone and methandrostenolone on the incorporation of glycine-1-c14 into liver, thymus and splenic proteins]. AB - Daily injections of prednisolone (10 mg/kg) for a space of 7 days to albino male rats cause an increased synthesis of nuclear and mitochondrial proteins without changing the protein synthesis of other liver fractions. Following injection of prednisolone the protein synthesis in the spleen went up and in the thymus remained unchanged. This was paralleled by stronger decay processes of the lymphoid organs. Under identical conditions methandrostenon intensified the proteins synthesis in the nuclear fraction of the liver alone. It made run low the processes of the thymus and spleen proteins biosynthesis without affecting materially the weight of the lymphoid organs. PMID- 1227895 TI - [Protein makeup of the lung cell nuclei of rats under the action of beryllium]. AB - A study into the protein composition of cellular nuclei of the rats lungs under the effect of beryllium disclosed a disturbed proportion of individual nuclear protein fractions manifesting itself in the falling level of the globulin fraction and in the increased, content of the other proteinic components of the nucleus, viz. desoxyribonucleoproteinic, fractions of the acid and, especially, "residual" protein. PMID- 1227896 TI - [Olivomycin-C14 distribution in the body of mice with Ehrlich's carcinoma resistant to the preparation]. AB - Tests on mice with Ehrlich's carcinoma (solid and ascitic forms) evidenced that following a single intravenous injection of glycomycin-C14 its maximal concentrations are definable in 30 minutes--1 hour in the kidneys, liver, spleen and the blood (plasma). Six to seven percent of the total radioactivity of the tumor cells fell to the share of the nuclear fraction, while the rest of 93-94 per cent was made up by the remaining cellular components. PMID- 1227897 TI - [Mechanism of the hypothermic action of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors]. AB - Experiments set up on mice demonstrated that galanthamine, hydrobromide, physostymine salicilate and iodomethylate produce a fall of the renal temperature, the hypothermal effect being proportional to the suppression of the cerebral cholinesterase. Anticholinergics benactyzine and atropine were largely capable of preventing hypothermia produced by the introduction of galathamine hydrobromide, the latter increasing the resistance of the animals to the action of high temperature. PMID- 1227898 TI - [Comparative effect of sydnocarb and phenamin on the bioelectrical activity of the brain]. AB - In tests with cats and rabbits sydnocarb in doses of 3,4-8.5-17 mg/kg (per os or intraperitoneally) produces a more lasting reticulo-cortical activation than does amphetamine used in respectively equimolecular amounts. According to the EEG finding there is also observed a substantial difference in the nature of interaction of these stimulants with chlorpromazine, reserpine and imipramine. PMID- 1227899 TI - [Experimental analysis of the effects of the psychostimulant sydnocarb]. AB - Used in a dose of 2-15 mg/kg in dogs and in a dose of 2-40 mg/kg in rabbits sydnocarb produced a stimulating effect, this being born out by conditioned reflex, electrographic and behavioral tests. Already the next day following introduction of the drug this effect in tests with dogs gave place to an inhibitory action. Introduction of the agent in all of the study does exerted a certain influence on the heart rate. At the earliest the electrographic effects were recorded in the cortical structures of the rabbit's brain, but proved most intensive in the limbic structures, when the dosage of the drug was increased up to 15-40 mg/kg. PMID- 1227900 TI - [Correlation between the distribution of triftazin in certain organs of rats and its pharmacological effects when administered by different methods]. AB - Correlation between the dynamics of triftazine (stelazine, trifluoperazine) distribution in the brain, liver, and blood plasma of rats and the dynamics marking the development of cataleptic and antiagressive effects and also upset motor conditionation was studied. It was found that following oral administration of triftazine it slowly reaches the organs, the greatest part being adsorbed in the liver. On the contrary, of its intramuscular administration is characteristic a quicker accumulation in the organs and then the level of the neuroleptic in the brain and plasma is higher and in the liver - lower than with its oral introduction. A dissimilar dynamics of triftazine in the brain explains the difference of its pharmacological effects with diverse modes of administration. When given by mouth the content of the drug in the brain is insignificant and it rises but slowly, this being matched by a correspondingly slow development of the effects of triftazine. With the intramuscular route of introduction the neuroleptic's content in the brain rapidly reaches a high level, while its pharmacological effects are characterized by a quicker development than this is the case with its oral administration. PMID- 1227901 TI - [Experimental data on a new cholinesterase reactivator from the group of thiohydroximic esters]. AB - Experimental data on the effectiveness of p-brombenzothiohydroximic S diethylaminoethylate (diethyxime) -a new cholinesterase reactivator - are presented. The diethyximetoxicity with its single and multiple administration to animals was studied. The drug is shown to display a marked antidotal action when used in a dosage range of 490-10 mg/kg. Diethyxime is shown capable of restoring the activity of cholinesterase inhibited by dimethyldichlorovenylphosphate, of preventing the neuro-muscular block of the impulses conduction and of normalizing the function of the cardiovascular system. The drug is less toxic than is presently employed reactivator diproxime and it does not produce any side-effects on a number of organs and systems of the organism with its multiple administration to worm-blooded animals. PMID- 1227902 TI - [Effect of cholinesterase inhibitors and reactivators on the blocking action of dicarboxylic acid amino esters on neuromuscular conduction]. AB - Inhibition of active cholinesterases in cats with armine or the GT-165 compound (0,0-diethyl-S-/beta-arylmethylamino) ethyl/thiophosphate methylsulphomethylate) potentiases ten- and hundred-fold the blocking action of subecholine and its derivatives on the neuro-muscular condution. The cholinesterase reactivator dipyroxime (2-5 mg/kg) quickly lifts the conduction block, provoked by muscle relaxants of the subecholine type under the cholinesterase inhibition. The subecholine analogue with a single propyl radical at each atom of nitrogen does not display any pressor action and, upon inhibition of cholinesterases, it blocks the neuro-muscular conduction when used in a dose of 0.1-0.2 gamma/kg. The maximal potentiation of the blocking action exerted by subecholine and its analogues is achieved in inhibiting not only pseudocholinesterase but acetylcholinesterase as well. PMID- 1227904 TI - [Ethacrynic acid does not disrupt homeostatic reactions of the kidneys to hemodynamic shifts]. AB - Arterial pressure and diuresis were determined in anesthetized dogs against the background of single (15 mg/kg) and continuous (5 mg/kg/rhr) intravenous administration of uregit (etacrylic acid). Acute hemodynamic shifts produced by compression of common carotid arteries, vena cava anterior, intravenous administration of ephedrine (1 mg/kg) or of sodium nitrite (3 mg/kg) were attended by an increased renal excretion of sodium, potasium and water in hypertension and their passage - in hypertension. Mechaninisms governing the express regulation of the water and electrolytes homeostasis and their relation to the active transpor of sodium are considered. Arguments in favour of a conjecture as to the localization of the mechanism responsible for the express regulation of the electrolytes homeostasis in acute hemodynamic shifts are advanced. PMID- 1227903 TI - [Effect of tranquilizers (diazepam and chlordiazepoxide) on the blood supply and activity of the heart]. AB - The effect of diazepam (0.15 and 0.5 mg/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) on the blood supply and cardiac action were investigated in experiments on cats anesthetized with urethan and chlorasol. Both these compounds were found to lower the vascular resistance to the blood flow, to bring down the coronary circulation rate and the oxygen intake of the heart. The preparations exert a marked influence on the work of the heart and the state of hemodynamics. Diazepam causes the development of an appreciable hypertension, bradycardia and reduces the cardiac ejection. Chlordiazepoxide produces a less pronounced fall of the arterial pressure, bradycardia and reduced the cardiac ejection. Unlike chlordiazepoxide diapezam reduces the contractibility of the myocardium, this being manifested in lessening the maximum acceleration of the blood flow in the aorta and in an increase of the systolic contraction time. Inhibition of the myocardium contractility occurring under the influence of diazepam may, to a certain degree, explain more pronounced hypotension observable on administration of this preparation. PMID- 1227905 TI - [Effect of dibazol, euphylline, No-Spa and galidor on thrombocyte osmotic resistance and blood clot retraction]. AB - The osmotic resistance of thrombocytes and the blood clot retraction are shown to diminish in the presence of nospanum and holidor in the plasma and blood. A double logarithmic relationship between the values characterizing the action on the osmotic resistance of thrombocytes and the blood clot refraction, on the one hand, and concentrations of some of the study substances, on the other, was revealed. With parenteral introduction the fall of the osmotic resistance of thrombocytes and an increase in the amount of the retracted serum were noted to occur with a protracted subcutaneous injection of dibasol (5 mg/kg), whereas euphylline (24 mg/kg) caused only a smaller degree of retraction. PMID- 1227906 TI - [Increasing rat liver glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity by administering phenobarbital]. PMID- 1227907 TI - [Study of the dynamic distribution of azafen in the organs and tissues by using direct fluorimetry]. AB - A quantitative method of direct fluometry of the samples without any preliminary extraction of the preparation, devised by the authors helped demonstrate that after its intravenous administration the cyclic antidepressant azaphen rapidly penetrates via the blood-cerebral, blood-ophthalmic, placental and other blood histological barrier and is then quickly eliminated from the organism. PMID- 1227908 TI - [Comparative effect of ether, chloroform and fluothane on brain cortical neurons]. AB - In tests staged on 35 cats it was established that chloroform and fluothane display the biological activity which is 5 times as high as that of ether with respect to the brain cortex neurons. The reactive properties of individual neurons of the brain cortex are dissimilar and this, other conditions of anesthetization being equal, determines their unequal resistance to the action of anesthetics. PMID- 1227909 TI - [Effect of reserpine on the arrest reaction in stimulation of the caudate nucleus in cats]. PMID- 1227910 TI - [Effect of aminazine, tryptazine and droperidol on the uptake and accumulation of exogenous noradrenaline]. AB - Spectrofluorometry, fluorescent histochemistry and cytochemical electron microscopy were employed in studying the capacity of the neuroleptics trifluoroperazine, chlorpromazine and droperidol to bar the capture and accumulation of exogenous norepinephrine (NE) in the tissue, of adrenergic nerve fibers and synaptic vessels of an isolated Vas deferens of the rat. Trifluoroperazine and droperidol were found to be devoid of the property to inhibit the capture and accumulation of NE in the tissue, nerve fibers and in the synaptic vesicles. Chlorpromazine blocked the accumulation of the neurotransmitter, when the mediator was added in a concentration of 1 gamma/ml and failed to produce an inhibitory effect, when NE was used in a greated concentration (30 gamma/ml). It is concluded that all the studied neuroleptics do not hinder the neurotransmitter gaining access into synaptic vesicles, when it is accumulated in the axoplasma. PMID- 1227911 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of dioxonium]. AB - An investigation in the pharmacokinetics of a new peripheral muscle relaxant dioxonium and of its carbon-labeled analogue (with respect to the N-methyl groups) was carried out. An intravenous administration of dioxonium-C14 was found to bring about a biphasic change in radioactivity of the blood plasma. The stoppage of curarization, irrespective of a dioxonium dose, is seen to occur at a definite radioactivity level in the blood plasma. Major radioactivity following introduction of dioxonium-C14 is observed in the organism of the rats in the skeletal muscles and in the kidneys. The drug is eliminated from the organism through the kidneys in an unchanged and pharmacologically active form. PMID- 1227912 TI - [Characteristics of the reaction of the renal tissue adenylic system to the beta adrenoblockader, trasicor (oxprenolol), in early postnatal ontogeny]. AB - Trasicor (oxprenolol) was introduced intraperitoneally to mongrel albino rats of 4 age groups (7, 14, 30 days old and adults) in single effective and resistance doses, following which the ATP, ADP, AMP and NP content in the renal tissue homogenates was determined. At early stages of postnatal ontogenesis the animals are shown to be less sensitive to the drug than in the case of adult rats. Possible increases in the dosage of trasicor in the pediatric practice are deemed permissible. PMID- 1227914 TI - [Effect of phentolamine and anaprilin on the makeup and distribution of electrolytes in the myocardium]. AB - Acute tests with rats demonstrated that the adrenoblocking agent phentolamine acts predominantly on the potassium level in the myocardium, raising its total, intra- and extra-cellular content. The effect of anapriline was mainly on sodium. Thyramine, which like adrenoblocking agents displays a catecholine-reducing effect, did not produce any similar changes in the potassium and sodium content. PMID- 1227913 TI - [Effect of etimizol, caffeine and theophylline on some carbohydrate metabolic indices of the rat brain and myocardium]. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of aethimizol (25 mg/kg) was seen to bring down the quantity of glycogen, to raise the level of lactic and pyruvic acids and to increase the ration of lactate/pyruvate in the brain tissue of the rat. Caffeine and theophylline (25 mg/kg) caused similar, but not so pronounced changes in the content of the said substrates. All the 3 agents--aethimizol, caffeine and theophylline had some effect on the metabolic processes in the heart muscle. PMID- 1227915 TI - [Effect of aminazine and droperidol on the coronary circulation and its regulation]. AB - Experiments conducted on dogs with the help of resistography showed chlorpromazine capable of reducing the resistance of the coronary vessels, whereas droperidol and not have any regular effect on the resistance of the cardiac vessels to the blood flow. Both drugs inhibited pressor and depressor reflexes on the coronary vessels reproduced by the stimulation of afferent fibers of the tibial and vagal nerves, as well as the response of the coronary vessels to the administration of epinephrine and norepinephrine. PMID- 1227916 TI - [Tryptazine penetration through the placental barrier]. PMID- 1227918 TI - [Dynamics of furazolidone absorption and elimination in the body of rats administered prednisolone and butadion]. AB - In experiments set up on rats the dynamics of furazolidone concentration in the organism on its introduction into the stomach in possible combinations with prednisolone and butadion was studied. As evidenced, when in combination with the said drugs the blood furazolidone concentration enhances quite significantly, this being especially ostensible in cases of simultaneous introduction of prednisolone and butadion, mainly because of a delayed elimination of furazolidone with urine. No correlation between the furazolidone concentration dynamics in the gastro-intestinal tract and in the blood was noted. PMID- 1227917 TI - [Morphofunctional manifestations of rat adrenal cortical reaction to the administration of sodium bromide under conditions of hypodynamic stress]. AB - Experiments conducted on rats by employing functional and morphological methods of investigation showed bromine to weaken the function of the adrenal cortex in intach rats, producing changes analogous to those of a hypodynamic stress (2-hour immobilization on the operating table). A combined preliminary introduction of bromine and immobilization is attended by a less pronounced stress reaction and brings about normalization of the ascorbic acid content in the adrenals with the appearance of well-marked morphological signs pointing to the compensation of the adrenal cortex functions. PMID- 1227919 TI - [Effect of estradiol dipropionate and its combination with insulin on pentosephosphate dehydrogenase cycle activity in the liver and the uterus]. AB - Experimental investigations have shown estradiol-dipropionate and insulin to induce an elevated activity of glucose-6-phosphate- and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase in the uterus and the liver. Insulin potentiates the inducing action of estradiol on the pentosophosphate cycle dehydrogenases when both of them are used concurrently. For insulin to display its inducing effect a definite level of endogenous estradiol in the organism is necessary, for insulin fails to exert a specific influence on the study of dehydrogenases in sexually immature and ovariectomized animals. PMID- 1227920 TI - [Anabolic activity of some dicyclopentanone derivatives]. AB - Anabolic activity of 1,5-bis(1-carbethoxy-2-oxocyclopentyl-1) pentane in a dose of 1 mg per 100 g of body weight manifests itself in an accelerated growth of the animals, increased weight of m. levator ani and also in a rise of the protein level in the blood and the skeletal muscle. Because of the absence of androgenic properties in the substance under consideration its anabolic coefficient is twice as high by comparison with methylandrostendiol. Following hypophysectomy there could be observed a certain decline in the anabolic activity of 1,5-bis(1 carbethoxy-2-oxocyclopentyl-1)pentane. PMID- 1227921 TI - [Pharmacological properties of a gelatin hydrolysate and its effect on some skin metabolic processes]. AB - Experiments have shown that gelatin hydrolysate is non-toxic, does not possess any allergic and local irritating properties. It stimulates the regenerative capacity of the epidermic cells, tends to improve the blood- and lymph circulation, intervenes in the protein and water-electrolyte metabolism, intensifies oxidative processes and normalizes the acid-base equilibrium of the skin. PMID- 1227922 TI - [Effect of delagil and hydrocortisone on specific lymphocyte blast transformation in vitro]. AB - The effect of delagil (chloroquine) and of hydrocortisone taken in different concentration on the lymphocytes blast-transformation reaction in donors, stimulated with streptococcal nucleoprotein, was enquired into. Differences in the action of drugs on this reaction were uncovered, viz. delagil suppressed the specific stimulation of lymphocytes in all cases, both in therapeutic and toxic concentrations of it in the culture medium, whereas hydrocortisone inhibited the bacterial stimulation only in one half of instances and in the others- intensified it. The inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone gained in strength with its elevated concentration in the culture medium. PMID- 1227923 TI - [Prospidin-C14 blood level, distribution in the organs and tissues and excretion from the body of rats]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats with sarcoma-45 and intact ones to study the prospidin-C14 content in the blood, distribution of the drug among the organs and tissues and its elimination from the organism. A single intravenous introduction of prospidin-C14 was found to be followed by its quick (in 2 hours) disappearance frob the blood. During the first 15 minutes the distribution of the drug over the organs and tissues was of a non-uniform nature and different from the distribution of other known antineoplastic agents, with relatively high concentrations of prospidin-C14 being demonstrable in the kidneys, lungs, the skin, intestine, bones, pancreas and low ones--in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The elimination of the drug from the organs and tissues is non-uniform. Prospidin-C14 and labeled products of its transformation are quickly (during the first 24 hours after administration) passed from the organism, chiefly with urine. PMID- 1227924 TI - [Chemotherapeutic activity of bonafton in experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits]. AB - Bonaphthone (6-naphthoquinone-1,2) administered per os produces a prounced therapeutic effect in experimental herpetic keratitis of rabbits, induced by the virus of herpes simplex. With the topical appllication of bonaphthone in the form of an ointment the drug also produces a curative action in herpetic keratitis of rabbits. Combined application of bonaphthone locally and enterally in dealing with herpes in rabbits also acts beneficially, the same as its separate use. PMID- 1227925 TI - [Experimental data on the toxicity of nonachlazine, a new antianginal agent]. AB - The results obtained by a study of acute and chronic toxicity of nonachlazine--a new original coronary-active agent endowed with antianginal properties are reported. Nonachlazine has been found to have a sufficiently wide range of therapeutic action. With its repeated (for 36 days) oral introduction to rats in an effective dose of 10 mg/kg the drug does not produce any adverse effect on the general condition of the animals, reduces but insignificantly their weight gain, fails to exert any damaging effect on the blood system, does not change biochemical characteristics featuring the function of the liver, nor evokes any pathohistological changes of the internal organs. Nonachlazine has no locally irritating effect on the gastro-intestinal tract and is a compound producing but a slight stress action. PMID- 1227926 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the toxicity of potassium hydrocarbonate and chloride]. AB - The toxicity of potassium hydrocarbonate and chloride was compared in tests on 113 albino rats. It was noted that following introduction of maximal amounts of potassium chloride death occurred earlier in these animals than in the ones which received equivalent doses of potassium hydrocarbonate. Simultaneous administration of sodium hydrocarbonate reduced the toxicity of potassium hydrocarbonate and potassium chloride. Morphological investigations brought out that toxic doses of potassium hydrocarbonate led to shifts of the carbohydrate and lipids metabolism. Some mechanisms underlying the action of potassium chloride and potassium hydrocarbonate are discussed. PMID- 1227927 TI - The protonmotive Q cycle: a general formulation. PMID- 1227928 TI - Albumin as the major metal transport agent in blood. PMID- 1227929 TI - Active and inactive forms of pyruvatedehydrogenase in skeletal muscle as related to the metabolic and functional state of the muscle cell. PMID- 1227930 TI - The location of the major polypeptide of the ox heart mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 1227931 TI - Ribopolynucleotides modified at pyrimidine residues are cleaved selectively by T2 ribonuclease at purine residues. PMID- 1227932 TI - Effect of thenoyltrifluoroacetone on oxygen consumption and energy conservation in isolated rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1227933 TI - Quantitative determination of neuraminic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 1227935 TI - Cyanogen bromide fragments of the cardiac I light chain from bovine myosin: evidence for sequence homology with rabbit skeletal myosin alkali light chains. PMID- 1227934 TI - Subcellular localisation of iron during accelerated ferritin synthesis. PMID- 1227936 TI - Enhancement by immunoglobulin M of oxygen consumption of leukocytes during phagocytosis. PMID- 1227937 TI - Fractionation of plant chromatin with immobilized RNA-polymerase. PMID- 1227938 TI - Cytochrome P-450 associated with free polysome fractions. PMID- 1227939 TI - Acetylcarnitine metabolism in blowfly flight muscle mitochondria. PMID- 1227940 TI - Benzoylglutamic acid, a metabolite of benzoic acid in Indian fruit bats. PMID- 1227941 TI - Chromatin conformation as affected by shearing and by the removal of a portion of non-histone proteins. PMID- 1227942 TI - Magnetic enzyme membranes as active elements of electrochemical sensors: specific amino acid enzyme elctrodes. AB - The basic principle of the described magnetic enzyme electrodes is a kinetic accumulation of CO2 at the active layer electrode interface. The local pCO2 level is linked to three simultaneous phenomena: substrate diffusion in, enzyme reaction CO2 diffusion out. After a transient state there is a stationary state between the quantity of CO2 produced by the enzyme reaction and the CO2 diffusing from the active membrane to the bulk solution. Continuous determination of free amino acids in biological media is useful in biological processing, fermentation, medicine, pharmaceutical industries and biological research. No methods are presently available for any specific continuous measurement of lysine which is of nutritional importance in protein industrial syntheses; of phenylalanine and tyrosine which have to be monitored in several inborn diseases (phenylketonuria being the most important of them); of arginine and histidine which play a still imperfectly understood part in neurochemistry. The use of decarboxylase bearing membranes as sensors in such measurements could offer several novel advantages: (a) a simple device made of a currently manufactured electrode slightly modified by the use of an enzyme membrane; (b) The absence of any enzymic consumption due to the immobilization and the negligible consumption of substrate during the measurements; (c) The sensitivity which can be sharpened by a systematic study of the membrane parameters; (d) the continuous response of the electrode as long as it is in contact with the substrate solution; (e) the further feasibility as a miniature sensor. The magnetic device introduced allows obviously a convenient use of the enzyme electrode, the active part can be removed and replaced without disturbance for the pCO2 electrode itself. The enzyme electrodes are not only useful at the applied point of view but also at the fundamental point of view by allowing a direct measurement of an intra membrane concentration. The influence of simple structures on enzyme kinetics was studied with enzyme electrodes by our group, in the case of memory and oscillations obtained with enzyme systems. PMID- 1227944 TI - The binary code for protein-nucleic acid recognition with repulsive guanine: application to tRNA case. PMID- 1227943 TI - Magnetic enzyme membranes as active elements of electrochemical sensors. Lactose, saccharose, maltose bienzyme electrodes. AB - The direct monitoring of sugars such as lactose, maltose, saccharose is not only useful at the applied point of view but also at the fundamental point of view for studying enzymology, especially in microbiology and fermentation. Benzyme systems were extensively used in solution for analytical applications in industry and medicine. The progress in the field of immobilization of bienzyme systems [1-3], especially within membranes [4-5], makes possible the production of new analytical devices. From the studies dealing with concentration profiles in artificial enzyme membranes [14], evidence was obtained for a well defined relationship between the local concentration of a metabolite and concentration of the first substrate in the bulk solution. In the described systems a substrate is transformed into glucose within a membrane, the glucose is then transformed in gluconic acid with a local oxygen consumption. The local pO2 level is linked to the glucose oxidase velocity, which is only linked to the glucose production, that is to say to the concentration of the first substrate. The enzyme electrode is based on the transformation of kinetic phenomena (reaction rates) into absolute values (local concentrations) through the diffusion-reaction coupling process. The manufacture of magnetic enzyme electrodes [6] allows convenient use of the active sensors. The pO2 electrode has some adventages, namely the specificity based on the selectivity of the gas permeable membrane and the linear relationship between the oxygen and the output of the electrode. pCO2, pH, ion electrodes give a logarithmic response as a function of the concentration. The grafting of a multienzyme system on a sensor allows a study of sequential systems in a defined context with a measurement of the local concentration of the metabolites. The tool is useful for both kinetics [4] and regulation studies [5]. PMID- 1227945 TI - Purification of rat liver epoxide hydratase to apparent homogeneity. PMID- 1227946 TI - Translation of the messenger RNA for rabbit uteroglobin in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 1227947 TI - Antibody competition for plasma protein-bound estriol. PMID- 1227948 TI - Rat liver soluble nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with high affinity to polynucleotides. PMID- 1227949 TI - Binding of UDP-glucose to homogenates of normal and denervated skeletal muscle. PMID- 1227950 TI - Prediction of the three-dimensional structure for ribosomal protein L25. PMID- 1227951 TI - Origin of 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha,20alpha,21-triol 3-sulphate in pregnant women. PMID- 1227952 TI - K+ fluxes and the mitochondrial membrane potential. PMID- 1227953 TI - Membrane-ribosome interactions: artefacts resulting from the temperature dependent formation of ribosomal aggregates. PMID- 1227954 TI - Binding and arrangement of non-histone proteins in chromatin-like structures from mammalian cells. PMID- 1227955 TI - Comparison between the 3'OH end RNA sequence of two strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) which may be aminoacylated. PMID- 1227956 TI - Low concentrations of C6-substituted purines retard the G0 leads to G1 transition of bovine lens epithelium cells. PMID- 1227957 TI - Salt response of ribosomes of a moderately halophilic bacterium. PMID- 1227958 TI - Respiration-linked proton translocation in Azotobacter vinelandii. PMID- 1227959 TI - Cell surface effects of pokeweed observed by electrophoretic light scattering. PMID- 1227960 TI - Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase; a lipogenic enzyme in rat tissues. PMID- 1227961 TI - The quantitation of glucosamine and galactosamine in glycoproteins after hydrolysis in p-toluenesulphonic acid. PMID- 1227962 TI - A hypothesis on membranous proteins specialized in lateral transport. PMID- 1227963 TI - The amino-terminal sequence of an invertebrate trypsin (crayfish Astacus leptodactylus): homology with other serine proteases. PMID- 1227964 TI - Stimulation of triacylglycerol synthesis by Z protein in rat liver and intestinal mucosa. PMID- 1227965 TI - Differences in the carbohydrate portion of the alpha subunit of porcine lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH) and thyrotropin (TSH). PMID- 1227966 TI - Control of pyruvate dehydrogenase interconversion by palmitoyl-coenzyme A as related to adenine nucleotide translocation in isolated fat cell mitochondria. PMID- 1227967 TI - The primary structure of tRNAPhe from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 1227968 TI - Intercellular adhesion of neuroretina chick embryo cells: enhancement by bovine serum albumin and derivates. PMID- 1227969 TI - The amino acid sequence of gnu pancreatic ribonuclease. PMID- 1227970 TI - On the presence of pantothenic acid in the three complementary enzymes of bacitracin synthetase. PMID- 1227971 TI - Solid phase Edman degradation. High yield attachment of tryptic protein fragments to aminated supports. PMID- 1227972 TI - [Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose from glucose selectively deuterated in position 6: NMR study]. AB - D-glucose specifically deuterated at C-6 was prepared and used for the biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose with Acetobacter xylinum. The material obtained was converted into glucitol hexaacetate and analyzed by 250 MHz n.m.r. and mass spectrometry. These spectra indicated that about 70% of the starting D glucose was incorporated without modification of deuteriation at the C-6 position. However an explanation is required of the finding that deuterium was also incorporated at the C-2 and C-1 positions of the cellulose, arising respectively from the 6 pro-R and 6 pro-S positions of the initial D-glucose. PMID- 1227973 TI - Structure of the vasoactive intestinal octacosapeptide from chicken intestine. The amino acid sequence. PMID- 1227974 TI - The anomeric configuration of N-acetylneuraminic acid released by the action of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. PMID- 1227975 TI - Erythrocyte glyoxalase 1 polymorphism in an African and English population. PMID- 1227976 TI - Rapid release of free fatty acids during cell breakage and their effects on a sugar-proton cotransport system in Chlorella vulgaris. PMID- 1227977 TI - The degradation of rRNA in ribosomes by ribonucleases present in rat liver sub cellular fractions. PMID- 1227978 TI - The constituent polypeptide chain of porcine thyroglobulin. PMID- 1227979 TI - Isolation and chemical composition of the NADH: semidehydroascorbate oxidoreductase rich membranes from rat liver. PMID- 1227980 TI - Glutamine cognate codons in rabbit haemoglobin mRNAs. PMID- 1227981 TI - [Conformational changes before and after DNA synthesis increase cytogenetically lethal radiation damage]. AB - Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts were synchronized by mitotic selection and showed cytogenetic lethally acting radiation damages, which depended on age at irradiation time. The development of cell cultures was followed by counting of the killed cells in the 3rd daughter generation of the irradiated ones and by evaluation of the colony size spectra 73.5 h after innoculation. At a dose of 300 rads two narrow but high peaks of radiation sensitivity were induced, which appeared at the beginning and at the end of the S-phase of the cell cycle and therefore are reduced to conformation changes of the DNA. Consequently the DNA super-structures linking pieces of the nucleoprotein-fibre during fastening to, and detaching from, the nuclear membrane are assumed to be the loci of the increased radiation sensitivity. PMID- 1227982 TI - Conjugation of foreign compounds in the elephant and hyaena. PMID- 1227983 TI - Early glucocorticoid-dependent stimulation of RNA polymerase B in rat thymus cells. PMID- 1227984 TI - Evidence that the temperature-dependent association of ribosomes with smooth microsomes determined by centrifugal separation may be an artefact. PMID- 1227985 TI - Perturbation of lipid structures by fluorescent probes. PMID- 1227986 TI - Formation and enzymic properties of dimeric RNase P. PMID- 1227987 TI - Effect of fasting on the rates of lactate turnover and oxidation in rats. PMID- 1227988 TI - Hb Newcastle: beta92 (F8) His replaced by Pro. PMID- 1227989 TI - [Interaction of the visceral and musculocutaneous afferent systems in the secondary somatosensory zone of the cat cerebral cortex]. AB - The convergence of visceral and somatic afferent systems in the secondary somatosensory areas of the cat cortex was studied by means of evoked potentials. The suprathreshold stimulation of the sciatic and brachial plexus nerves depressed the test potentials evoked by the pelvic and mesenteric nerves stimulation. Maximal depression was observed at paired stimulation of visceral nerves. Comparison of the data obtained with mono- and bimodal stimulation suggests that duration of the response restoration period depends on the functional groups of neurons. PMID- 1227990 TI - [Levels of slow bioelectric organization of the human brain]. AB - A certain relation between spontaneous pattern and responses to tests of the slow electric processes (SEP) and the order of value of the measured potential was revealed within a single subcortical area of the human brain. A close relation between the constant component (within the range of 110 to 1 mV) and the markedness and character of clinical signs, was observed. A reproducible SEP response to psychological or motor tests was revealed within the ranges of the SEP variable component (from 1000 to 100 mcV and from 5-10 to 50-100 mcV) regarded, respectively, as the ranges of moderate and weak bioelectric signal. The subcortical equivalent and changes of the reproducible pattern in response to meaningless trigrams and words were only observed within the weak signal range. Existence of certain individual ranges of the SEP constant component was revealed in separate neuronal-glial populations. The data obtained show physiological and informative variability of SEP within a single neuronal-glial population in different ranges of the recorded potential's value, which may provide premises for elucidating neurophysiological mechanisms, of different levels for regulation of the links constituting cerebral systems for maintenance of various activities. PMID- 1227991 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of stimulating the vestibular nuclei on the sensomotor cortex of cats]. AB - The evoked potentials in the anterior suprasylvian and posterior sigmoid gyri to the bulbar vestibular nuclei stimulation were recorded in relaxed anesthetized cats. Neuronal discharges of 70 units in the forelimb cortical zone in the posterior sigmoid gyrus were also recorded. 26 neurons responded to the vestibular nuclei stimulation, 6 of them were identified as cortico-rubral neurons. All of them were activated by the radial-nerve muscle branch stimulation. There was no neurons characterized by the muscle-vestibular convergence from the pyramidal tract neurons. The muscle-vestibular afferent system projection to the cortico-rubral neurons is supposed to play a major role in the tonic muscle coordination of the forelimbs. PMID- 1227992 TI - [Changes in the blood supply and oxygen tension of the brain following afferent somatic stimulation]. AB - Effect of somatic afferent C fibres stimulation on rCBF (H2 - clearance method) and cerebral tissue pO2 was studied in 20 dogs. MABP and partial pressure of the arterial blood gases were stabilized before and during 3 min stimulation of the sciatic nerves. The blood flow was changed by 32% in the thalamus and by 17% in the hypothalamus during ipsilateral stimulation. Contralateral sciatic nerve stimulation caused smaller but still a significant fall of the rCBF and increase of the CVR in both regions. Parallel to these changes, tissue pO2 decreased by 19% in the hypothalamic and by 25% in the thalamic areas as compared with the prestimulation level. PMID- 1227993 TI - [Response of hypothalamic neurons to midbrain stimulation in the presence of increased levels of corticosteroids in the blood]. PMID- 1227994 TI - [Influence of the potassium ion on function of the frog neuromuscular synapse]. AB - Effects of different concentrations of potassium ions on function of motor neural endings were studied in the frog neuromuscular - muscular preparations. Quantitative relations between change of the muscle fibers' membrane rest potential and parameters of spontaneous or evoked release of transmitter, and the potassium ion concentration in the medium, were revealed. A positive specific effect of relatively low (about 8.7 mM) concentrations on the quantum composition of transsynaptic signals, was shown. The data obtained confirm the supposed participation of the potassium ions in reverse transsynaptic regulation of the neuromuscular - motor synapse function. PMID- 1227995 TI - [Accommodation as a biological system of automatic regulation]. AB - Contour of the accommodation reflex was regarded as an analog of a closed system of automatic regulation. The gradient of impulses frequency in the visual fibers was taken as a criterion of estimation of anobject focused image on the retina. The data obtained when studying the accommodation contour in the regimen of the test-object fixation at different distances or at its insignificant (+/- 10 mm) sinusoidal displacement in regard to 2 fixated positions (200 and 460 mm), are discussed. PMID- 1227996 TI - [The effect of adrenotropic substances on contraction of the rat ductus deferens induced by the action of adrenaline and transmural stimulation]. AB - In the rat isolated ductus deferens, effects of isadrine, propranolol and phentolamine on contractions following exogenous noradrenaline and transmural stimulation, were studied. Low concentrations of isadrine diminished the responses to these factors. The inhibiting effect of a mimetic was blocked by propranolol which indicates presence of beta-adrenoreceptors in the rat ductus deferens; low concentrations of phentolamine blocked the exogenous adrenaline effect while the response to transmural stimulation increased. As the data show, the adrenoreceptors' sensitivity to noradrenaline is decreased by phentolamine 5 10(-8) M by 2.5 times while the mediator concentration increases by 3.3 times in the receptors vicinity. Alpha-adrenoreceptors are concluded to differ from beta those in that the former do participate in regulation of noradrenaline release in response to neural impulses. PMID- 1227997 TI - [The effect of adaptation to increased muscular activity on bodily sensitivity to insulin]. AB - Systematic exercise increased the organism's sensitivity to the metabolic effect of insulin. When trained animals were subjected to low doses of insulin they showed a more significant decrease in the blood sugar and the free fatty acid contents as compared with the control (i.e. unadapted to systematic exercise) animals. No visible difference in glycogen contents was found due to the effect of hypoglycemic seizures which developed rather rapidly and were more obvious in trained animals. Administration of large doses of insulin did not cause any difference in the metabolic reactions of trained and untrained animals. PMID- 1227998 TI - [The influence of mediators on renal secretion of tissue hemocoagulating and fibrinolytic compounds into the circulatory bed]. PMID- 1227999 TI - [A quantitative analysis of atrioventricular conduction in the dog heart]. AB - In acute experiments on dogs, refractory period of atria and atrio-ventricular conductive system (AVCS), as well as the extent of atrio-ventricular delay at different time intervals between electrical stimuli applied to the atrium myocardium, were studied. On decrease of the time intervals, the atria refractory period becomes shorter while that of the AVCS increases. The value of the AVCS effective refractory period, at that, coincides with the delay extent of atrio ventricular conduction. At long intervals between the atria stimuli, the atria refractory period, that of the AVCS, and the atrio-ventricular delays are all equal. The obtained quantitative characteristics of atrio-ventricular conduction are used for checking the previously proposed mathematical model of disturbances of the ventricles rhythm on fast electric activity of the atria. PMID- 1228000 TI - [Myogenic constriction of myocardial arterial vessels following an increase in the pulsations of coronary perfusion pressure]. AB - In isolated cat hearts, increase of coronary pulse pressure without change of the mean coronary perfusion pressure was followed by constriction of coronary arteries. The analysis of data eliminated extravascular (contractile activity of the heart, tissue pressure) and metabolic factors as a possible cause of the coronary arterial constriction. This leaves out that the observed reaction of myocardial vessels was a result of the coronary arterial smooth muscle contraction in response to the distending action of the increased pulse pressure. PMID- 1228001 TI - [Mechanisms of development of thermoregulatory tone and cold shivering]. AB - In rabbits, muscle potentials in response to factors increasing (low external temperature, inhalation of helium - oxygen mixture, electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus) and decreasing the thermoregulatory muscle activity (high external temperature, inhalation of hypoxic mixture, electrical stimulation of the anterior preoptic hypothalamus), were studied. The thermoregulatory muscle tone and the cold chiver were shown to be independent forms of specific muscle activity with different regulating mechanisms. The increase or decrease of the muscles electrical activity occur because of a change of the muscle potentials amplitude rather than a change of the muscle oscillations frequency. PMID- 1228002 TI - [The influence of muscular activity on the activity of acid proteinases and acid phosphatase in the muscles and liver]. AB - Different shifts of the skeletal muscle and the liver acid proteinases and acid phosphatase during exercise were observed. The increased activity of acid proteinases in trained animals cannot be accounted for by any lyzosome disruption, which is more stable at exercise in trained animals. The data obtained indicate a better preservation of biochemical homeostasis in skeletal muscles of the animals adapted to prolonged exhaustive physical work. PMID- 1228004 TI - [A device for transforming graphic records of impulse activity into a form suitable for automatic processing]. PMID- 1228003 TI - [The effect of hypophyseal protein extracts on hemodynamics and the rhythm of cardiac activity]. PMID- 1228005 TI - [Modification of a system for studying isolated muscle systems]. PMID- 1228006 TI - Molecular population genetics and evolution. PMID- 1228007 TI - Dermatopharmacology of salicylic acid. II. Epidermal antihyperplastic effect of salicylic acid in animals. AB - The influence of salicylic acid on pathological epithelial proliferation has been evaluated by means of the peidermal hyperplasia inhibition test in the guinea pig. 3% w/w salicylic acid dissolved in ethanol reduced surface epithelial hyperplasia by 15%, i.e. exhibited activity comparable to that of hydrocortisone 0.1% w/w. 1% w/w salicylic acid dissolved in a dimethylacetamide-acetone-ethanol mixture exerted an even greater degree of antihyperplastic activity on the surface epithelium (-18%) and also a marked inhibitory effect on deep epithelial proliferation (-10%). PMID- 1228008 TI - Studies on the species, amount and base composition of nucleic acids in psoriatic scales and normal horny layer. AB - The amount of RNA as well as DNA is considerably increased in psoriatic scales as compared with normal horny layer; RNA was characterized as a low-molecular tRNA; as concerns the base composition of DNA, no particularities in comparison with other DNA species were found, and the base composition of tRNA revealed that cytosine and guanosine are in excess; pseudouridine could not be detected in psoriatic tRNA. PMID- 1228009 TI - Treatment of melasma (chloasma) by local application of a steroid cream. AB - 15 patients with melasma were treated with betamethasone 17-valerate in a cream base containing DMSO. One patient with secondary pigmentation was also entered in the trial. In nine patients results were favourable and in three results were moderate. This effect could be ascribed to the steroid. PMID- 1228010 TI - Immunohistological development of the Kveim reaction. AB - A follow-up of immunohistological events of Kveim reactions was made by taking biopsies from Kveim test sites at various intervals. Immunoglobulins were present in one half of the specimens taken at 2-7 days, but not earlier. 2-week-old reactions showed immunoglobulins in 50% of the cases and older reactions in 79%. Out of 52 specimens examined with specific conjugates, IgM was demonstrated in 42, IgG in one, and IgA in one reaction. Complement (C3) was seen in 83% out of 47 specimens examined. Complement and immunoglobulins were found in vessel walls but not elsewhere in the tissues. PMID- 1228011 TI - Provocation tests with antiphlogistica and food additives in recurrent urticaria. AB - 100 patients (53 women, 47 men) suffering from recurrent urticaria were tested with different food additives such as 8 dye additives, 7 preservatives and 7 antiphlogistica. In total did 62 patients react with urticaria and/or angio oedema. 39 patients had reactions to two or more substances while 23 patients reacted to only one substance. Reactions were induced most frequently by aspirin (27/80), dextropropoxyphene (11/45) and the azo dyes tartrazin (20/96) and sunset yellow (13/86/. Asthmatic symptoms occurred in 3 and purpura in 2 patients. 13 patients out of 100 reported of immediate reactions to different foods. PMID- 1228012 TI - [Perforating granuloma anulare (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228013 TI - Studies on Indian Medicinal plants: part XXXII. Constituents of Ananas comosus (Linn.) Merr. leaves. PMID- 1228014 TI - Studies in antifertility agents: part XIV--SECO-Steroids VII: Synthesis of 2 alpha- & 2 beta, 6 beta-dimethyl-3 beta-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-trans-bicyclo (4.3.0)nonan-7-ones & some related compounds. PMID- 1228015 TI - [Fertility and embryonic mortality after unilateral ovariectomy in white rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228016 TI - [Investigation of chromosomal aberrations in blastocysts past in vitro storage of semen up to 6 days in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228017 TI - [Determination of progesterone in the blood plasma of pregnant cows before and after application of estrogen and prostaglandin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228018 TI - Reproductive capacity of German Landrace boars I. Gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves. PMID- 1228019 TI - [Experiments about the separation of X- and Y-spermatozoa based on different velocity of migration (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228020 TI - Sexual excitation function of hamster vaginal scretion. PMID- 1228021 TI - Sexual excitation function of hamster vaginal secretion. PMID- 1228022 TI - Copulatory behavior and nest building behavior of wild house mice (Mus musculus). PMID- 1228023 TI - Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act. A preliminary report of the first twenty months of implementation. PMID- 1228024 TI - Termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration with and without sterilization. PMID- 1228025 TI - Vacuum aspiration of the uterus. PMID- 1228026 TI - Intra-amniotic hypertonic saline (5 per cent) for mid trimester abortion. PMID- 1228027 TI - Experience with endouterine Cu T device. PMID- 1228029 TI - The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on carbohydrate metabolism: measurement of glucose, glycogen, pyruvate, and lactate after 1-month of treatment in female rats. PMID- 1228028 TI - Serum levels of human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) following intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline. PMID- 1228030 TI - Trends in female sterilisation in a teaching hospital. PMID- 1228031 TI - Use of urinary estrone and other parameters in monitoring gonadotropin therapy. PMID- 1228032 TI - 2,420 O.P.D. vacuum aspirations with a new suction curette. PMID- 1228033 TI - Clinical experience with menstrual regulation, (100 cases). PMID- 1228034 TI - Menstrual regulation. PMID- 1228035 TI - A study of total platelet count, adhesive platelet count and platelet adhesiveness in various phases of normal menstrual cycles. PMID- 1228036 TI - Correlative clinical and morphological findings in women using IUD. PMID- 1228037 TI - Free amino acids content of endometrium in sterile women. PMID- 1228038 TI - Vaginal cytology in oral contraceptive. PMID- 1228039 TI - [Reproduction and growth in breeding of four species of rodents from Senegal]. PMID- 1228040 TI - The critical oestrogen content of combined oral contraceptives. PMID- 1228042 TI - [Chronic obstructive disease of the airways: epidemiological evaluation, anatomico-functional irreversibility and its contribution to respiratory infalidity (introductory note)]. PMID- 1228041 TI - [Chronic obstructive disease of the airways: diagnostic significance and proposal for an operative protocol]. PMID- 1228043 TI - [Incidence of chronic bronchopneumopathies in the activities of Provincial Antituberculous Center in Ancona]. PMID- 1228044 TI - [Role of atmospheric pollutants in the genesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 1228045 TI - [Chronic obstructive lung disease: status current methods in its functional diagnosis]. PMID- 1228046 TI - [Prospects of early functional diagnosis: the closing volume]. PMID- 1228047 TI - [Radiology in chronic obstructive disease of the airways: diagnostic problems with special regard to the pre-clinical phase]. PMID- 1228048 TI - [Early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 3 years of experience]. PMID- 1228049 TI - [Alcohol and the heart]. PMID- 1228050 TI - [Current therapeutic prospects in the hepatorenal syndrome]. PMID- 1228051 TI - [Renal transport and blood levels of uric acid during long-term administration of a derivative of pyrazinamide, the morphazinamide]. PMID- 1228052 TI - [Complications of acute myocardial infarct (AMI) and their prevention. Experience at a small intensive coronary care unit (ICU)]. PMID- 1228053 TI - [Maduromycosis in Italy]. PMID- 1228054 TI - [Contributions to the changes in shape of the primate cranium with notes on the conditions of the sagittal flexion. IV. Complex bridging criteria (linear analysis) and angle analysis]. PMID- 1228055 TI - [The spleen of the cervidae (Gray, 1821). Quantitative-morphological studies on the spleens of stags (Cervus elaphus, L.1785) and of deers (Capreolus capreolus, L. 1758)]. AB - The macroscopical and microscopical structure of 17 spleens of Cervus elaphus and 9 spleens of Capreolus capreolus is described. The spleens of both species exhibit structural characteristics which resemble those of the reticular "non sinusoidal" type. These include: spleen arterial ramifications of the "magistral type" (SCHABADASCH), bilayered capsule, well developed smooth muscle cells containing trabecular networks, numerous muscle cells in the red pulp, poorly developed white pulp, splenic vein of large diameter, lack of veins associated with trabeculae, a thick tunica media in trabecular arteries and in arterial vessels of the hilus region, poorly developed SCHWEIGGER-SEIDEL sheaths, and splenic nerve trunks of considerable diameter. These structural features are comparable to those in other ruminant species having storage type spleens. However, there are differences in certain quantitative parameters between the spleen of Cervus elaphus and that of Capreolus capreolus, i.e., spleen weight versus body weight, relative volume of trabecular networks and capsular tissue, and relative amount of smooth muscle cells in trabecular tissue. On the basis of these quantitative parameters the spleen of Cervus elaphus and that of Capreolus capreolus can be classified into the system of spleen types as described by v. Herrath(1953) and should thus be ordered between the extreme storage type spleen and the extreme metabolic type spleen. The quantitative data observed in the spleen of Cervus elaphus are similar to those seen in the horse, whereas the data of the spleen of Capreolus capreolus can be compared to that of the sheep and the cow. PMID- 1228056 TI - [Frequency of chromosome anomalies in children dying in the perinatal period]. AB - 348 different tissues were sampled for cultivation from 300 infants perinatally, died: a) from 118 fetuses, died at the antenatal period, 143 samples of four types of tissues were taken (kidney type -27, skin type-10, gonad type-74, blood type -32); b) 72 samples of blood and 13 samples of gonad were taken from 75 fetuses died at the intranatal period; c) 120 samples (blood type -86, gonad type -86) were taken from 97 newborn infants, died at the early neonatal period. Positive results of the growth of cultures were found in 46% (15.4% -from antenatally dead fetuses, 71.8% -intranatal deaths of infants, 64.2% -early mortality of the newborn). Among the 22 antenatally dead infants 3 appeared to have chromosome anomalies (13.6%); 1) 47, XY, +22; 2) 69, XXX; 3) 46, XX/46, XY. Among 61 intranatally dead infants 3 were found to have karyotype anomalies (4.9%): 1) 47, XX, +18; 2) 47, XY, +21;3) 46, XX/46, XY. 5 (6.5%) of the 77 newborn, dead in the first days after parturition, had the anomalies of the following types: 1) 45, XO; 2) 47, XYY; 3) 47, XY; +13; 4) 47, XY, +21; 5) 46, XX, 13q-. The total frequency of chromosome anomalies among 160 perinatally dead infants was 6.9%. PMID- 1228057 TI - [Dysembryogenesis in hereditary nephritis]. AB - In 75 children with hereditary nephritis, in 27 ones with hematuric form of acquired nephritis and in 55 parents dysplastic symptoms were investigated. A high differential and diagnostic value of disembriogenetic stigmata for hereditary nephritis is demonstrated. It is considered that connective tissue stigmata are one of the symptoms of hereditary nephritis. Some genetic and ontogenetic aspects of displastic symptoms formation in this case are discussed. PMID- 1228058 TI - [New data on the genetic structure of dimorphic populations of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.)]. AB - Long-term (1965-1974) Mendelian crossbreedings of two coloured forms (black and red) of Cricetus cricetus, carried out by the author, have shown that dominant melanistic mutation exists in a homozygous state. Thus, it is proved experimentally that natural population of C. cricetus consisting of black and red individuals is a dimorphous one by the phenotype and a polymorphous one by the genotype. The structure of the population includes the black homozygotes (genotype AA), black heterozygotes (genotype Aa) and red recessive homozygotes (genotype aa). All three forms are fully fertile and give quite viable and fertile progeny. PMID- 1228059 TI - [Semilethal spotted mutants of Chlorella]. AB - Mutant colonies of Chorella vulgaris Beijer, having the region of colourless cells either in the center or in the periphery of a colony, are found. Spontaneous mutation rate varied within 1-40-10(5). The size of a mutant colony comprised about 1/2-1/3 of the diameter of a middle initial strain colony. Colonies with a mutant sector were also observed besides completely mutant colonies. Ways of the formation of mutant phenotypes are studied. It is found that from the initial spotted green colony those of the type "death in the periphery" and, through a number of intermediate stages, "death in the center" are formed. The colony development can stop at some successive stage or to result in the death of all the cells. The period of forming the mutant phenotype is found to depend on the colony growth rate. PMID- 1228060 TI - [Effect of mutant RNA polymerase on spontaneous mutagenesis in bacteriophage T4]. AB - The frequency of spontaneous reversion in r-mutants of phage T4 is determined in order to study the influence of mutant RNA polymerase on the level of spontaneous mutations in phage T4. The rate of spontaneous mutagenesis in the phage is found to be increased in strains with mutant RNA polymerase. PMID- 1228061 TI - [Characteristics of hybrid strains of actinomycetes, prepared by crossing Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces lividans 66 strains]. AB - Pecularities of crosses between strains of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and S. lividans 66 are described. Recombinants which contain different contributions from parental chromosomes are shown to arise in these crosses. Due to a low frequency of recombination which seems to be the result of incomplete homology between A3(2) and 66 chromosomes, heteroclone and heterokaryone colonies are formed. These may be considered to be intermediate stages in the process of recombinant formation. Results of crosses between A3(2) derivatives of various fertility types are analysed in view of a suggestion that there exist two modes of genetic material transfer in Actinomycetes: by means of conjugation and via heterokaryone formation stage. The study of recombinant properties reveals that in the presence of sex plasmid SCPI F two substances are formed, one of which (IAM) inhibits airial mycelium and the other (ISM)--substrate mycelium growth. In addition, not only SCPI presence but the involvement of certain A3(2) genes seems to be required for ISM synthesis. A part of recombinants is shown to possess some new antibiotic properties differing from those of original parental strains namely extension of their antimicrobic spectrum for Actinomycetes and bacteria. PMID- 1228062 TI - [The thermosensitivity of the T2L bacteriophage mutant with aberrant head shapes]. PMID- 1228063 TI - [Enzymes of cultured human fibroblasts. IV. Enzyme activity in trisomy C strains]. AB - The activity of five enzymes (AIP, AcP, GOT, LDH, MDH) was investigated in four cell strains derived from spontaneous abortuses with C-trisomy (three cell strains with trisomy 7, one--with trisomy 9). Significant differences in the activity of three enzymes were revealed. In all the strains AIP activity was lower and GOT activity--higher than in diploid strains. Lowering of AcP level was found in three strains (two cell strains with trisomy 7, one--with trisomy 9). The data obtained are evaluated as a result of disturbed regulatory interrelations in an abnormal genome. PMID- 1228064 TI - [A decrease in twin births and factors involved in multiple pregnancy]. AB - The object of this investigation were the causes of the decrease of the frequency of twin births during the last two decades. In Moscow this frequency decreased from 1,19% in 1956 to 0,7% in 1973. Among the births the proportion of first births was observed to increase, as well as the proportion of very young mothers. The effect of this process on the women characterized by a tendency to polyembryony was more conspicuous, than in the average on the population as a whole. During the last decades the process of acceleration of puberty was observed both in the mothers of twins and in all the women in general. However a somewhat later onset of first menstruations is characteristic of the women having a tendency to polyembryony-Hormonal changes taking place in the course of acceleration are apparently one of the causes of the decrease of the twin births frequency. PMID- 1228066 TI - [Planning concept for the installation of emission-related industrial facilities]. PMID- 1228065 TI - [Model procedure for biological phosphate removal from communal waste water. III. Biological phosphate removal from biologically precleaned community waste water from a purification plant]. PMID- 1228067 TI - [Model study of the sulfur dioxide pollution capacity in the Ingolstadt-Neustadt region]. PMID- 1228068 TI - [Computation of the effect of sulfur-reduction measures on the regional SO2 emission. SO2 as a temporary and regional problem]. PMID- 1228069 TI - [Measurement and recording of pollutants, waste gas quantities, and temperatures in industrial smokestacks]. PMID- 1228070 TI - [Air pollution from leaks in factories of the mineral oil industry within the scope of the emission declaration following the Federal Emission-Prevention Law]. PMID- 1228071 TI - [Selected emission-reducing measures for refinery facilities with special reference to low and high burner systems]. PMID- 1228072 TI - [Problems in the loading of refinery products]. PMID- 1228073 TI - [Current status of retrograde desulfurization and prognosis on its realization]. PMID- 1228074 TI - [Hypothesis for one cause of vocal cord nodules in alto singers]. PMID- 1228075 TI - [Comparative studies of pulse by telemetry in stutterers]. PMID- 1228076 TI - The effect of anesthesia of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve upon phonation: an aerodynamic study. PMID- 1228077 TI - A study of the electromyographic activity of the musculus orbicularis oris. PMID- 1228078 TI - [Intelligence of laryngectomees relative to artificial voice capacity]. PMID- 1228079 TI - [Voice fitness examinations of adolescents]. PMID- 1228080 TI - [Determination and clinical assessment of the condition of the average individual speaking voice. Experimental study]. PMID- 1228081 TI - Acoustic impedance measurement and autistic children. PMID- 1228082 TI - [Orienting reflex in children's audiometry]. PMID- 1228083 TI - Passive and active lingual discrimination among deaf children. PMID- 1228084 TI - [Participation of foreign workers in prenatal care]. AB - On admission for delivery of foreign patients no or only few results of routine examinations during prenatal visits are available. Therefore the participation of foreign employees in prenatal care was reviewed. Of the 1,383 births in our clinic during 1972 there were 214 foreign mothers, 206 of them could be included in this investigation. Results show that quantity and quality of prenatal routine examinations were clearly not sufficient and adequate compared to German patients. PMID- 1228085 TI - [Colposcopic findings during hormonal contraception]. AB - The best way to recognize individual differences and alterations of colposcopic findings is by photography. The results of an improved colpophotographic technique is the reproduction of the complete portio. In consequence we can observe the changes of the cervix epithelium which often are extensive and hypertrophic and which in some cases are to be found during the time of hormonal contraception. The different effects of the combination-pill and of the sequential pill are described, the question of individual disposition concerning these alterations is discussed. PMID- 1228086 TI - [1st report on programmed chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma]. AB - A prospective study with regard to a cytostatic drugs combination treatment, partly synchronized and carried out in team work, of advanced ovarian carcinoma is being accomplished at the II. Women's Clinic of the University of Munich. The team consists of one oncologically orientated internal specialist, one radiotherapist, and one surgeon. The therapeutic procedure should be discussed; a report is given about the experiences gained so far in 41 patients, i.e. until May 1st, 1975. PMID- 1228087 TI - [Etiology and epidemiology of breast carcinoma]. AB - Statistics indicate that the cure-rate for breast cancer has improved little over the last 35 years. That fact and the gradual increase in incidence of mammary cancer among women of the Western World serve to stimulate investigations to learn how and why mammary cancer develops. To examine the problem from a new perspective, we review the prevalence of mammary cancer reported in domesticated and zoo animals. The disease proves to be exeptionally rare in all mammals except: 1) cats and dogs, which live among humans, and 2) certain strains of laboratory mice and rats. Since the mammary tumors of these animals are sensitive to certain hormones, drugs, dietary changes etc., they serve as ideal models for studying the etiology of the disease. Because hormones promote growth and development of the mammary gland they are especially important in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Studies of viral etiology of mammary cancer in animals are compared with those reported in humans. From the fact that a completed first pregnancy at the age of 18 protects a woman against developing a mammary cancer later in life, but a first pregnancy at about 30 years does not, some investigators believe that high levels of estriol during pregnancy act to protect the breast. From our review of breast cancer we postulat" instead that it is the apocrine function of the breast itself that affords the protection of early birth. Carcinogenic substances taken up by the estrogen-sensitized developing epithelium are discharged with the colostrum before they can transform cells. When the first birth occurs however at age 30 the carcinogens absorbed and stored in the estrogenized epithelium from puberty on have many years for transforming the cells. Dogs and cats exposed to the same polluted world as man develop mammary cancers more commonly when they first bear young late in life. Those receiving antifertility agents develop more breast cancers than those which bear first when young. Cows develop no mammary cancers because they lactate so much. High doses of carcinogens readily induce mammary tumors in some rat strains, more readily when given after a pregnancy than before. Oriental women who move to America and change their living and dietary habits develop more often mammary cancer than those who stay in their home country. PMID- 1228088 TI - [20 years of cytodiagnosis of cervix carcinoma at the Univ.-Frauenklinik Freiburg/Br. (1954-1973). Voluntary quality control]. AB - The development and efficiency of the cytological laboratory at the Freiburg University Hospital (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology) are demonstrated. The number of examinations and detected cervical carcinomas are reported. The different groupes of cervical smears according to the Papanicolaou classification are discussed. High value is set on voluntary check-up (quality control) on all cytological laboratories efficiencies. PMID- 1228089 TI - [Growth hormone in the newborn infant during the first 6 days of life]. AB - Human Growth Hormone (HGH) of the newborn during its first days of life is approximately 61 ng/ml, then it falls between the third and fourth day. This fall in serum concentration principally occurs when the infant stops losing weight and starts regaining it. Experiences show that HGH of newborn does not stem from the mother. PMID- 1228090 TI - [Side-effects of ovulation inhibitors]. AB - The discussion about the side-effects of oral contraceptives received new aspects through the publication of the prospective British Study "Oral Contraceptives and Health" (by the Royal College of General Practitioners) in 1974. This article is divided into the following sections: Beneficial side-effects (elimination of symptoms in dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, acne vulgaris, menorrhagia and anemia). Harmless side-effects (harmless symptoms not implying illness). Clinically important side-effects (menstrual disorders, facilitation of moniliasis and trichomoniasis, diseases of the circulatory system, thrombo-embolism). Oral contraceptives have no adverse effects on the fertility of women. Significant is the conclusion that pregnancy and children are normal after the use of oral contraceptives. There are no indications of an increased risk of cancer. The results of the British study confirm a reduced incidence of benign breast tumors in women using oral contraceptives. The suggestion to select a pill-type considering the hormonal constitution of a woman did not prove to be of help. The original proposal of changing the pill-type according to the observed side effects therefore remains valid. A classification of the used oral contraceptives into the groups "with gestagen accentuation", "hormonally balanced" and "with estrogen accentuation" will help the physician to prescribe the most useful type. An extensive table summarizes the most frequent side-effects, explains their causes and recommends ways of eliminating the symptoms by changing the pill-type. PMID- 1228091 TI - [Blood group expertise in the clarification of disputed paternity]. AB - The article gives a review of the legal situation of the illegitimate child in the GFR and of the principles in the statement or refutation of paternity. The directives, valid for the blood group expertise on parentage and the biostatistical evaluation of blood group results are discussed. Finally a survey of the value of a positive or negative biostatistical hint for paternity is given. PMID- 1228092 TI - [Therapy of chronic bronchitis]. AB - 53 patients suffering from chronic bronchitis were treated over various periods with Brondiletten retard. The improvement achieved in 42 patients included amelioration of the clinical symptoms cough, secretion and dyspnoea; the lessening of bronchial obstruction could be verified by spirographic analyses. PMID- 1228093 TI - [Rescue helicopter. Use, duties, financing]. PMID- 1228094 TI - [Instrumental treatment of cardiac emergencies]. PMID- 1228095 TI - [Is factor XII deficiency a contraindication to surgery?]. AB - The case of an 18-year-old girl with a moderately severe Hageman factor deficiency (Factor XII 2.5%) is described. In this girl, an osteotomy of the pelvis after Chiari was carried out. Both the operation itself and the postoperative healing process were without complications and no signs of any abnormal tendency to haemorrhage were observed. Blood transfusions were not necessary. On the basis of this observation and a review of the literature for the attempt is made to establish general guide lines the procedure to be adopted for surgery in cases of Hageman factor deficiency. PMID- 1228096 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in gynecology and obstetrics]. AB - The differential diagnoses of consumption coagulation and hyperfibrinolysis are demonstrated in 15 patients with coagulation disturbances by simple laboratory methods. Therapy and complications are discussed. PMID- 1228097 TI - [Surgical therapy of obesity]. AB - The experimental series by dogs and pigs show no specific absorption place in the small intestine--except the high selective absorption of vitamin B12 in the last ileum loop. Potassium absorption is better in the upper jejunum. For all other substances the conditions for absorption are the same in the jejunum as in the ileum. Calcium, carotin and cholesterol need a sufficiently extensive surface and show therefore a direct relation to the length of the small intestine. For the treatment of the extreme obesity we perform the jejunoileostomy with different lengths of jejunum and ileum. The hypercholesterinaemia type II can be treated by a partial ileum bypass. By the diminished absorption of the bile salts a sufficient decrease of the cholesterol level is possible, which amounts to about half the earlier value. The jejunoileostomy reduces not only overweight, but also improves the carbohydrate metabolism and lowers the increased fat levels. PMID- 1228098 TI - [Behavior of the human organism in time-zone flights. 1. Circadian rhythm and its desynchronization]. PMID- 1228099 TI - [Therapy of angina pectoris. A task of everyday practice]. AB - The current state of the medicamentous treatment of angina pectoris is presented as a standardized programmed guideline for general practice: 1. Prequisite for proper initial therapy is an exact diagnosis of a true stenocardia. 2. The intermediate treatment of coronary heart disease aimed at an effective lasting prophylaxis of angina pectoris attacks is based on a combined therapy with nitrates and beta-blockers. The mode of action of nitrates and beta-blockers is mentioned, side effects and contraindications are presented as limiting factors. The effects of nitrates, beta-blockers, and so-called vasodilators are exemplified by the new coronary drugs Sensit, Adalat and Pexid. After corresponding spot testing and clinical trials in 150 ambulant patients, Sensit is considered especially suited for wide application in the general practice. In the majority of patients there was a convincingly positive effect on general performance. The exertion tolerance increased by an average of 25 watts. Frequency, duration, and severity of stenocardic attacks are reliably influenced. In 68% of the patients, a remarkable regression and even sometimes a complete compensation of pathological ECG changes are achieved. The first results are seen approximately 2 weeks after commencing therapy, the maximum after 4 to 6 weeks. This improvement could be maintained by continuing regular medication, especially as the drug showed an astonishingly low incidence of side effects. PMID- 1228100 TI - Effects of dexamethasone on viscera and post natal development of neonatal rats. PMID- 1228101 TI - Some observations on separation of the umbilical stump in the newborn. PMID- 1228102 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Report of a case. PMID- 1228103 TI - Editorial: Antenatal detection of thalassemia. PMID- 1228104 TI - The choice of anti-microbial therapy in urinary infections in children. PMID- 1228106 TI - Clincial trial of metronidazole (Aristogyl) in giardiasis in children. PMID- 1228105 TI - A clinical study of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole (septran) in the treatment of bacterial diarrhoeas. PMID- 1228107 TI - Social and cultural aspects of malnutrition. PMID- 1228108 TI - Radiographic evaluation of ascites in 25 children. PMID- 1228109 TI - Recent developments in the understanding and treatment of childhood asthma. PMID- 1228110 TI - Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 1228111 TI - Malabsorption in children: a review. PMID- 1228112 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1228114 TI - Ganglioneuroma of mediastinum: a case report. PMID- 1228113 TI - Family welfare scheme: a preliminary survey. PMID- 1228115 TI - Letter: Myths and falacies in pediatrics. PMID- 1228116 TI - Learning objectives, specific learning outcomes and learning experiences for postgraduate training in child health. PMID- 1228117 TI - Blood biochemical tests in the diagnosis of malnutrition. PMID- 1228118 TI - Role of antibiotics in the management of diarrhoeas in infancy and childhood. PMID- 1228119 TI - Bacillary dysentery in hospitalised children: a clinical study of 98 cases. PMID- 1228120 TI - Radioisotopic evaluation of renal parenchymal disorders in children. PMID- 1228121 TI - Peritoneal dialysis: I. Experience in 28, cases. PMID- 1228122 TI - Peritoneal dialysis. II. Principles, applications and problems. PMID- 1228123 TI - Nariala: an experimental in undergraduate education. PMID- 1228124 TI - Pathology and pathogenesis of neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia. PMID- 1228125 TI - Determination of X- and Y-chromatin in amniotic fluid cells: technical aspects. PMID- 1228126 TI - The impact of family size on child nutrition and health. PMID- 1228127 TI - Impact of nutrition on intelligence. PMID- 1228128 TI - Primary school children in rural Punjab: nutritional and anthropometric profile. PMID- 1228129 TI - A study of behavioural growth during second year of life. PMID- 1228130 TI - A diagnostic study of 120 cases of nutritional rickets. PMID- 1228131 TI - Tuberculous and pyogenic meningitis: a diagnostic dilemma. (A retrospective study of 116 autopsied brains). PMID- 1228132 TI - Tuberculous meningitis: review of 50 cases. PMID- 1228133 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid electrophoretic proteinograms in tuberculous and pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 1228134 TI - Some aspects of congenital syphilis. PMID- 1228135 TI - Pancreatitis in children. PMID- 1228136 TI - Apert's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 1228137 TI - Bullous urticaria pigmentosa: a case report. PMID- 1228138 TI - Mumps myocarditis with cardiac failure: preceding parotitis in two sisters. PMID- 1228139 TI - The incidence, clinical profile, morbidity and mortality of hypothermia in the newborn. PMID- 1228140 TI - Bilirubin binding test as a guide in the evaluation of the severity of neonatal jaundice. PMID- 1228141 TI - Hematological profiles in Indian childhood and juvenile cirrhosis of liver. PMID- 1228142 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test as a diagnostic aid in systemic infections. PMID- 1228143 TI - Human maternal attachment. PMID- 1228144 TI - The causes of neonatal mortality: an analysis of 250 autopsies on newborn infants. PMID- 1228145 TI - Anterior fontanelle during infancy. PMID- 1228146 TI - Childhood poisoning. PMID- 1228147 TI - Neonatal hypoglycaemia and congestive cardiac failure: a case report. PMID- 1228148 TI - Some observations on Taenia saginata cysticercosis in slaughter cattle in Nigeria. PMID- 1228149 TI - Immune response of patients with gastrointestinal tumors in pre- and post operative conditions. PMID- 1228150 TI - Experimental obstructive jaundice and change of gastroduodenal serotonin content in the rat. PMID- 1228151 TI - Some problems in radiation exposure of pregnant women. PMID- 1228153 TI - Experimental studies on the adequate trigger mechanism in assisted circulatory device: special reference to the adequate trigger time intervals. PMID- 1228152 TI - The 12alpha-hydroxylase of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. PMID- 1228155 TI - [Plethysmography on patients with tracheal and laryngeal stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - Body plethysmography developed from pulmonary physiology in recent years has application to measurement of nasal airway resistance. It is a practical method of measurement of resistance due to upper respiratory tract obstruction. A report on cases with stenosis of the trachea and larynx is here made and it shows that this is a suitable method to assess the indication for or results of surgery to the larynx or trachea. PMID- 1228154 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of malignancy of the ear, nose, and throat (author's transl)]. AB - The management of malignancy continues to change, and the basis of this change is improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic tech techniques and the search for new therapeutic principles. Examples of each group are given although their practical value is uncertain. They are important because they attempt to make methods of basic research in tumour biology applicable to clinical medicine. PMID- 1228157 TI - [Disturbance of equilibrium due to poisoning with organophosphate pesticides (author's transl)]. AB - An organic phosphate insecticide poisoning is described, and the otologic findings elaborated. Disturbances of equilibrium were observed through a four month period and documented by electronystagmography. Although damage of the central vestibular system was found, subjective complaints by the patient resolved completely within four months of the poisoning. However, thereafter both positional nystagmus and nystagmus after passive movements of the head could be observed. During the entire study period, neither hearing loss nor tinnitus occurred. After a review of the literature, the disturbances of equilibrium were designated as a sequela of the organic phosphate insecticide poisoning. PMID- 1228156 TI - [Intubation microtraumatic lesions of the larynx (author's transl)]. AB - Laryngeal microtrauma and seeding of laryngeal malignancy to the lower respiratory tract after short-term intubation is reported. These findings have been confirmed by cytology of smears taken from the endotracheal tubes used on 40 patients. Dysphonia without macroscopically visible laryngeal changes is caused by microtraumatic lesions. The authors advise very gentle intubation to avoid such consequences. Dissemination of infection and malignancy remains unsolved. PMID- 1228158 TI - [Ideopathic hypoglossal nerve paralysis - a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A paresis of the right hypoglossal nerve of spontaneous onset and of 4 years duration in a 20 year-old student is reported. The aetiology despite thorough investigation over 18 months was unknown, and there were no signs of recovery. PMID- 1228159 TI - [The problem of the origin of acoustic evoked responses (author's transl)]. AB - The acoustic evoked response on the human scalp is analogous to potentials within many different levels of the central nervous system. Under special functional conditions such as the binaural interaction, evoked responses correspond only to subcortical potentials, indicating that the response does not represent cortical activity. PMID- 1228160 TI - Threshold adaptation of hearing and vibratory sensation. AB - Bekesy tracings were obtained in three normal subjects for vibratory sense of the midfinger before and after cooling by ethyl chloride, and for hearing levels after pure tone stimulation of the ear. After a mild cooling was applied on the finger, there were no observable differences in Bekesy tracing amplitude width or pulsed stimulus threshold when compared to before-cooling tracings. For steady stimuli, however, there was reduction in the amplitude width only at the top portion of Bekesy spikes without affecting the bottom portion. After a profound cooling, there was an elevation of thresholds for both pulsed and steady stimuli, and the reduction in amplitude widith for steady stimuli. The reduction in amplitude width seemed to appear before threshold shift. During the recovery, these changes returned to original conditions in the reverse order. Similar results were found in hearing after stimulation of the ear by a pure tone. The above findings are explained on the basis of perstimulatory fatigue of rapid form. PMID- 1228161 TI - Analysis of half-list scores on the PB-K 50 as a function of time compression and age. AB - Half-list speech discrimination measures have certain advantages in clinical measurement, particularly with children. In the present study, half-list and whole-list comparisons of the PB-K 50 measure under normal and time-compressed conditions were made on children's speech discrimination scores. Results indicated that half-lists of the PB-K 50 can be used effectively in the clinical setting, a practice which has clinical precedence. PMID- 1228163 TI - Cross-modal facilitation of response in behavioral audiometry with children. PMID- 1228162 TI - Response to short-duration signals, pre- and postmenses, in subjects using oral contraceptives and subjects not using oral contraceptives. AB - Sixteen female subjects were studied to determine threshold change occurring during and postmenses at thresholds of 1 and 4 kHz for signal durations of 500, 20, and 2 msec. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (p less than 0.05) for the thresholds of 1 and 4 kHz at any duration over the three test times. However, there was a significant second degree trend present at 1 kHz for the 20-msec signal. A comparison was made between the thresholds obtained by nine subjects who were using an oral contraceptive and seven subjects who were not. A significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the groups was found at 4 kHz for the 2-msec signal duration in that the group using oral contraceptives obtained threshold at a lower intensity than did the group not using oral contraceptives. PMID- 1228164 TI - Practice effects in industrial hearing screening. AB - Two samples of employees were drawn at random from the total population of approximately 12,000 employees in one large company. The base-line audiograms and two subsequent annual retests were studies on a sample of 118 employees to determine whether the mean threshold values improved with subsequent years of testing. In addition, the audiometric earphones were reversed so that the right ear was tested first on an automatic audiometer, followed by the left ear on a different sample of 400 employees in an effort to determine whether there is a significant difference between the first and second ear tested. Results indicate that subsequent retests do not show significant improvements. It is possible, however, the small improvements of 1 or 2 dB reported by other investigators over several years of testing may not be seen when mean values are used on populations of this size. Of more importance, however, was the fact that a consistent and significant difference was seen between the first and second ear tested, with the first ear tested showing the poorer threshold. When earphones were reversed, the left or previously poorer ear, showed better thresholds than the right in the low and midfrequencies. The right ear continued to show better thresholds in the high frequencies, regardless of which ear was tested first. PMID- 1228166 TI - Guest editorial: the audiologist as advocate. AB - An advocacy process, utilizing the audiologist as advocate, is proposed for auditorily impaired individuals, with six stages: personal contact, assessment, recommendations, implementation, follow-through, and follow-up. The advocacy program is illustrated by general guidelines and by a specific example. The advocacy process enables the hearing-impaired individual to become more independent through individualized programming. PMID- 1228165 TI - Susceptance and conductance changes in acoustic reflexometry. AB - Acoustic reflexometry was performed on 30 otologically and audiologically normal subjects. An otoadmittance meter was used as the reflex indicator. The magnitude and direction of susceptance and conductance changes were recorded for the acoustic reflex at 220- and 660-Hz probe (carrier) tones. Susceptance and conductance changed in a negative direction (decreased) in 100% of the reflex responses when the probe tone was 220 Hz. With 660-Hz probe tones, susceptance changed positively (increased) and conductance negatively in about 90% of all the reflexes. There was an inverse relationship between probe frequency and magnitude of admittance change during reflex. A direct relationship was found for the amount of input admittance phase shift and probe frequency. PMID- 1228167 TI - An investigation of the Auditec of St. Louis recordings of the Central Institute for the Deaf spondees. AB - The Auditec of St. Louis recordings of the Central Institute for the Deaf spondees were investigated with normal hearing subjects and found to have an unnecessarily large range of audibility. Consequently, an 18-item test with greater homogeneity of audibility was proposed. Articulation function slopes of about 10% per decibel were obtained with both the 18- and 36-item tests. The articulation function of the 18-item test did not reflect its improved homogeneity. The mean speech reception threshold was 5 dB better than ANSI-1969 specifications, and speech detection threshold was found to be 9 dB better than speech reception threshold. A derived speech reception threshold can be obtained by adding 5 dB to the lowest threshold at which any spondee is identified. PMID- 1228168 TI - Editorial: Will the lung have an endocrine function? PMID- 1228169 TI - Diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma with onset past middle life. PMID- 1228170 TI - Identification on the second developmental level. PMID- 1228171 TI - Inhibition of intestinal absorption of phenylalanine by phenylalaninol. AB - Plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in rats which had been orally administered L-phenylalaninol and L-phenylalanine were determined. Since these amino acid levels in rats administered L-phenylalanine solution containing L phenylalaninol were significantly lower than those in rats administered L phenylalanine alone. L-phenylalaninol appears to inhibit the intestinal absorption of L-phenylalanine. This effect was more potent than that of cycloleucine. L-phenylalaninol inhibited the phenylalanine transport of everted sacs. The Km value of L-phenylalanine was 3.44 X 10(-3) M and the Ki value of L phenylalaninol was 7.69 M 10(-3) M from Lineweaver-Burk plots. From these two curves, it appeared that L-phenylalaninol may competitively inhibit the intestinal transport of L-phenylalanine. The effects of L-phenylalanine, L phenylalaninol and cycloleucine on the urinary excretions of Na+ and K+ in rats were also examined. Potassium excretion which increased on oral administration of L-phenylalanine, was suppressed by the administration of L-phenylalaninol but not administration of cycloleucine. L-phenylalaninol alone enhanced Na+ excretion in urine. These results confirmed that L-phenylalaninol shows inhibitory effects as potent as those of cycloleucine on the intestinal absorption of L-phenylalanine. PMID- 1228172 TI - Purification and properties of sulfoacetaldehyde sulfo-lyase, a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme forming sulfite and acetate. AB - Sulfoacetaldehyde sulfo-lyase, which decomposes sulfoacetaldehyde to sulfite and acetate, was extracted from a bacterium grown on taurine, and purified, and characterized. A method for assay of enzyme activity was devised on formation of a bisulfite adduct with benzaldehyde. The enzyme was purified 14-fold from an extract of cells grown on taurine and appeared homogeneous on disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 85,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme required thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and Mg2+ for activity and preincubation with TPP and Mg2+ was required for maximum activity. The optimum pH for activity was 7.5. The Km value for TPP was determined to be 2.7 muM and that for sulfoacetaldehyde to be 5.0mM. Sulfite was produced only from sulfoacetaldehyde among a variety of sulfonates tested. rho Chloromercuribenzoate, EDTA, and sulfite, a reaction product, inhibited the enzyme reaction. The enzyme seemed to be inducible, since activity was found in extracts of cells grown on taurine but not on peptone. PMID- 1228173 TI - Electrophoretic properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate and related changes in its concentration in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in a protein sample solution migrates in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a band with a mobility higher than those of protein bands. Behind this band, which is mostly composed of SDS micelles, SDS concentration is raised uniformly in a gel column as a result of the retardation effect of the gel matrix on SDS micelles. Electrophoretic patterns of SDS were obtained when SDS was omitted from various portions of the gel electrophoretic system. PMID- 1228174 TI - Effect of cobalt on heme biosynthesis in rat liver and spleen. AB - 1. Succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity in rat liver decreased to about 60% of the control value after a single injection of cobalt or in a steady state of intoxication, but the activity in the spleen was unaltered. 2. Incorporation of radioactive glycine and 5-aminolevulinate into heme of the liver was markedly inhibited by cobalt treatment. 3. 5-Aminolevulinate synthase [EC 2.3.1.37] activity in the liver decreased to 40% of the control value 4 hr after cobalt injection, and completely recovered 20 hr later. Phenylhydrazine-induced 5 aminolevulinate synthase activity in the spleen was not decreased by cobalt injection. 4. Porphobilinogen synthase [EC 4.2.1.24] activity in the liver decreased and reached its minimum value (42% of the control) 12 hr after cobalt injection. On the other hand, the activity in the spleen showed a marked increase 24 hr after coblat injection. 5. Ferrochelatase [EC 4.99.1.1] activity in the liver was essentially unaltered by cobalt treatment, while the activity in the spleen was elevated dramatically after 24 hr. 6. Concentrations of cobalt after a single injection were about 0.3 mM and 0.03 mM in the liver and spleen, respectively. 7. Inhibitions of 5-aminolevulinate synthase and porphobilinogen synthase activities by cobalt in vitro were not as marked as expected from in vivo experiments. PMID- 1228175 TI - The biosynthesis of transfer RNA in insects. I. Increase of amino acid acceptor activity of specific tRNA's utilized for silk protein biosynthesis in the silk gland of Bombyx mori. AB - 1) To detect the quantitative changes of amino acid acceptor activity of tRNA's from the posterior and middle silk glands of Bombyx mori at various ages, a relatively simple and rapid method was established using a mixture of radioactive amino acids in Chlorella hydrolysate. 2) The acceptor activities of silk gland tRNA for 15 amino acids tested seemed to be almost on the same level at the end of the 4th moult stage. During the 5th instar, however, characteristic increases were observed in glycine, alanine, and serine acceptor activities in both silk glands. 3) In the posterior silk gland, which produces fibroin, the acceptor activities for glycine and alanine increased more than that for serine. In the middle silk gland, which produces sericine, the acceptor activity for serine increased more than those for glycine and alanine. 4) In the light of observations on the increase of corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities in the silk glands, a functional adaptation of tRNA synthesis in the tissue is discussed. PMID- 1228176 TI - Resolution of anomeric 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glycosides by cation-exchange chromatography. PMID- 1228177 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay. II. A simple method for synthesis of the rabbit antibody-beta-D-galactosidase complex and its general applicability. AB - Rabbit anti-human IgG antibody was mildly reduced in the presence of 10 mM 2 mercaptoethylamine and then coupled to beta-D-galactosidase [EC 3.2.1.23] from Escherichia coli using N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide. Human IgG and the anti-human IgG antibody-beta-D-galactosidase complex were successively adsorbed on Sepharose 4B binding rabbit anti-human IgG antibody. In this way amounts of human IgG as small as 5X10(-15) moles could be measured by determining the activity of beta-D galactosidase bound to the Sepharose. PMID- 1228178 TI - Effect of temperature on hemolysis of human erythrocytes induced by dilauroyllecithin. PMID- 1228179 TI - The self-instructional materials project: progress and prospects. AB - Faculty members in the Health Sciences Consortium have developed replicable, exportable units of instruction under the direction of the Self-Instructional Materials Project. The project distributes currently 350 packages and lists 570 in it's Directory of Self-Instructional Materials. Published evaluation studies indicate improvement on national board exams with greater efficiency and savings in time when compared with other forms of instruction. One study shows similarity of results with students who use the materials in hospitals away from the university. Four basic activities are necessary to initiate and enlarge the collection of units available on each campus: training, production, tryout/revision and sharing. Analysis of trends for each set of activities is projected over a five-year period. As training activities decline, greater emphasis is placed on quality control and procedures for sharing materials that are under development. PMID- 1228180 TI - The mountain goes to Muhammed: broadcast television for continuing education in nursing. AB - To meet the needs of North Carolina nurses for leadership training as well as their need to have continuing education in their local community, the Continuing Education Program of the School of Nursing designed a course in leadership using the medium of broadcast television combined with direct instructor contact. Phase I prepares a group leader to coordinate Phase II in the local work-setting. Phase II is a series of ten two-hour classes in the participating home agency consisting of 1/2 hour of televised input-lecture, quizzes, dramatic vignettes and graphics- combined with 1 1/2 hours of practice which is guided by a workbook. PMID- 1228181 TI - The schools of medical illustration. AB - Presented is an overview of the schools of medical illustration that have been accredited by The Association of Medical Illustrators. Requirements for admission are given; curriculae are listed by quarters, semesters, or year; tuition rates; points of special emphasis. The material presented has been submitted by the directors of the various schools. PMID- 1228182 TI - Letter: Reflections. PMID- 1228184 TI - Misusing a valuable educational medium. PMID- 1228183 TI - An old prison--a new technology. A model for televised resources to a State Correctional Facility. AB - The experiences from these initial efforts have been favorable without exception. Educational activities for both staff and residents have steadily increased, not merely in number but in quality of resources. A tremendous number of man hours have been productively uttilized which otherwise would have been wasted in travel. The opportunity for immediate medical and psychologic care from a variety of facilities is now available. Indeed, it is felt that the Interact system in conjunction with the Windsor Correctional Facility has demonstrated a model which can be replicated and expanded upon elsewhere. PMID- 1228185 TI - Facial restoration. AB - Medical science has demonstrated that fiction can be turned into fact. It is prophesied that man will be able to liver longer due to the development of synthetic organs. Sophisticated facial prostheses will be included in this progressive field. Perhaps the next century will make synthetic substitutes past history with the transplantation of organs as established practice. Or, perhaps some of the latest developments of growing skin or the use of carbonated teflon inserts will replace currently used plastics. In the meantime, we must continue to work within the limitations of our present technology. PMID- 1228186 TI - Medical education in isolated areas by cycling videocassettes. AB - A fresh perspective on an old and growing problem. How to reach and teach impoverished and isolated people, out of range of standard broadcast methods, the rudiments of health and hygiene? Suggested is a carefully prepared system of cycling videocassettes, to effect the dissemination of current medical information from leading medical centers to medical and paramedical people in the "bush". Conversely, the feedback from the field would benefit the medical centers in terms of customs, semantics, and specific case histories. Hopefully, such intercommunication will lead to a marked improvement in human relations. PMID- 1228187 TI - What do you people do-now that everything has been illustrated? AB - A noted anatomist asked recently this illustrator "What do you people do-now that everything has been illustrated?" It is disconcerting to be obliged to defend the need for the existence of the profession of medical illustration and makes the nape of the neck turn pink. The question has festered for months and this "defensive answer" pertains to the work performed by the Health Sciences Illustration Department at the University of Washington. For the novice and layman such a question opens usually Pandora's box of reply. As with the original Pandora of Greek mythology, only Hope remains in the box-and it is hoped that other engaged in medical education will be more aware of our profession and its broad and everchanging contributions. PMID- 1228188 TI - Some thoughts on continuing education. PMID- 1228189 TI - The ambulatory clinic patient as a learner. AB - The implementation of a patient education center in an ambulatory clinic is described. A case of study illustrates the methods of assessment, teaching, evaluation, and patient contracting that are utilized. Ways of evaluating the educational effectiveness of planned educational programs built into the health care system are explored. PMID- 1228190 TI - The changing role of the medical illustrator? AB - The author takes issue with the claim that the role of the medical illustrator is changing today. Not so, he says. The role is the same, and the need is as great as it ever was. Rather, some medical illustrators are changing in the desire to expand their field and become "biocommunicators.' Such expansion, the author suggests, is not for everyone, and those who choose to continue in their traditional role need make no apologies. It is a vital one. PMID- 1228191 TI - Letter: Medical illustration. PMID- 1228192 TI - Information networks in biomedicine. AB - The term information networks refers to systems of information retrieval and dissemination designed for the sharing of knowledge among individuals, groups and institutions. In the biomedical field, information networks may be categorized loosely according to their structure (direct, centralized, or cooperative) and their function (educational, service-oriented, or research-oriented). This article describes a number of current biomedical information networks, focusing on those with an educational function. Although most of the networks mentioned here are relatively successful, certain serious problems are encountered commonly in the planning, implementation, utilization, and evaluation of all kinds of biomedical information networks. PMID- 1228193 TI - Double-blind cross-over study of clopirac and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1228194 TI - [Open trial for the evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of i-p chlorophenyl-2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrole acetic acid (clopirac) in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228195 TI - [Studies of the therapeutic effectiveness of clopirac in osteoarthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228196 TI - [Double-blind study of indomethacin and CP 172 AP (clopirac) in lombarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228197 TI - [Clopirac in the treatment of posttraumatic inflammation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228198 TI - [Pharmacological study of clopirac, a new anti-inflammatory agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228199 TI - [Review of the clinical studies in rheumatoid arthritis with several non steroid anti-inflammatory agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228200 TI - [Study in double-blind comparing clopirac to indomethacine in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228201 TI - Editorial: By way of introduction. PMID- 1228202 TI - Doctor-patient communication and outcomes among diabetic patients. AB - This study reports on 242 diabetic patients from the practices of 42 physicians. Communication from physician to patient was studied to determine the effect of communication on subsequent patient outcomes. Patients and physicians were questioned on instructions provided for diabetic management and self-care. The average level of effective communication for all patients in the study was 67 percent. Insulin-dependent diabetics had the best communication scores, those controlled on diet alone the poorest, while oral medication patients were intermediate. Although overall communication scores showed no significant correlation with diabetic control status, patient satisfaction, compliance in taking prescribed medication, or frequency of hospitalization, specific communication items were highly correlated with corresponding behavioral outcomes. PMID- 1228203 TI - Alternate methods for health priority assessment. AB - Four methods for assessing priorities of health problems were use in a 15-county Appalachian region. Despite overall similarities the tendency is for providers to focus on categorical disease problems while consumers focus more on organization and financing problems. Only one of the methods described, community diagnosis, uses objective data; thus, the health professional must assume an educational role and help consumers use and interpret data. Prioritization of health problems allows for more appropriate use of limited resources. PMID- 1228205 TI - Evaluating health programs: Where do we find the data? AB - This paper examines the data requirements for impact evaluation in the light of recent federal efforts to improve the evaluation of health programs. Typically, new health programs are launched before there is sufficient time or administrative interest in devising appropriate evaluation methodology. Therefore, any evaluation of such a program must be designed retrospectively. We argue that the best and typically only sources of data appropriate for such evaluations are pre-existing administrative statistics and archival records. The potential and limitations of these data sources are reviewed. PMID- 1228204 TI - Some influences on public participation in a genetic screening program. AB - To identify the psychosocial factors associated with voluntary cooperation in mass genetic testing, stratified random samples of 500 participants and 500 nonparticipants were drawn from an identified at-risk population for Tay-Sachs disease. Participants were relatively younger and better educated, reported higher levels of perceived susceptibility to being a carrier, and also stated more often that the impact of learning of being a carrier would be low. Participants were also more likely to indicate they would not alter plans for future progeny. Recommendations are made for enhancing participation in future genetic screening programs of this type. PMID- 1228206 TI - The planning and development of the New York City neighborhood family care centers. AB - Between 1967 and 1969 the New York City capital budget listed monies for the planning and construction of 15 new ambulatory care centers to provide comprehensive medical care to medically underserved areas of the city. Because of the urgent need, an effort was made in planning the centers to minimize the number of agency approvals. By adopting this approach, the appropriateness of the centers to their target populations became secondary to the process of negotiating the bureaucracy. In spite of this tactical decision, by 1970 construction had begun on only 1 center. This case study discusses the events from 1967 through 1969 that relate to the effort to expedite bureaucratic processing of the facilities. PMID- 1228207 TI - Who's using medicines? AB - Data derived from 1968-69 household survey of 3,481 persons in the Baltimore Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area revealed rates of medicine use and characteristics of users. In the 2 days before interview, 56% of the study population used one or more medicines. Users of prescribed medicine (33%) averaged 1.8 different kinds, and users of nonprescribed medicine (36%) averaged 1.4 kinds. Among users of prescribed medicine, 39% were also self-medicating. Pain relivers, vitamins, and cough and cold medicines were the most frequently used types. Two-thirds of physician visits were associated with an injection, immunization, medicine, or prescription. Rates of use for both prescribed and nonprescribed medicine were higher in females and varied with age, with nonprescribed varying less than prescribed. Nonwhites were less likely than whites to use either prescribed or nonprescribed medicines in all social status categoreis. Use of prescribed medicine increased with the increasing severity of acute and chronic illness, but use of nonprescribed medicine varied little with morbidity. Use of prescribed or nonprescribed medicine did not vary with economic class. Differences in use by age, sex, and race could not be accounted for by differences in morbidity, physician visits, or use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1228208 TI - A comparison of health care utilization by husbands and wives. AB - A chart review of married couples seen in family practice compared husband-wife visit rates. Wives were found to utilize services significantly more often: for all visits, for all visits excluding those related to pregnancy, for well-care visits, for psychological support visits, and for somatic illness visits (including sex-related illnesses), but not for non-sex-related somatic illness visits. There was no significant correlation in visit-rate frequencies within husband-wife pairs. PMID- 1228209 TI - Editorial: A tale of two cities. PMID- 1228210 TI - Epidermal apoptosis: cell deletion by phagocytosis. AB - Apoptosis is a process found in many tissues by which devitalized cells are eliminated in an orderly manner. In skin, apoptosis occurs following sunburn, in Bowen's disease and in basal cell carcinoma. Scattered cells are observed in which the cytoplasm has become condensed and dyskeratotic. These dyskeratotic cells are phagocytized, either in toto or in fragments by surrounding keratinocytes. This process involves the condensation, fragmentation, phagocytosis and digestion of individually degenerated cells. The mass of a tissue is thus related to the balance between cell formation (mitosis) and cell destruction (apoptosis). In epidermal and other surface tissues, the rate of exfoliation must also be considered. PMID- 1228211 TI - Ultrastructure of halo nevi. AB - An ultrastructural study was conducted on eight halo nevi. Some of them were of recent onset. Others had an evolution of several months. The distribution of the population of the dendritic cells in the depigmented epidermis of the halo was more polymorphous at the early stage when few melanocytes with abundant cytofilaments and some Langerhans cells were seen. At an advanced clinical stage, only Langerhans cells were present in the basal layer. In the dermis abnormal nerves as in vitiligo were observed. The inflammatory infiltrate does not seem to appear at the early stage of involution of the nevus. At the advanced clinical stage, small mononuclear cells were also noticed among the inflammatory cells (lymphocyte-like cells, macrophages, mast cells). It is suggested that an initial stage of inhibition of both the melanocytes and the nevus cells may be responsible for the development of the depigmented halo. This stage precedes the appearance of a dermal lymphomacrophagic infiltrate that leads to the destruction of the nevus. PMID- 1228212 TI - Some ultrastructural aspects of lymph-node cells and hepatocytes in papular acrodermatitis of childhood. AB - Ultrastructural examination of the inguinal lymph-nodes of six patients with papular acrodermatitis of childhood with hepatitis B antigenemia showed the presence of several Langerhans cells and, in three cases, the presence of some mononucleate cells, the cytoplasm of which contained groups of 20-50 spherical particles, approximately 150 A in diameter and with an electron-dense core. In the hepatocytes of two of these patients we observed spherical particles ranging in size between 150 A and 220 A, having an electron-lucent core and scattered throughout areas limited by a membrane. PMID- 1228213 TI - [Feto-infantile births and deaths. Statistical data]. AB - After a period of stability between 1968 and 1971 the birth-rate was lowered slightly in 1972-1973. The first projections worked out by INSEE lead us to predict that there will be a considerable drop in the number of births in 1974 (800, 000 as against 855,000 in 1973). Perinatal mortality has dropped rapidly since 1969. The rate for France is now better than that for Scotland or the Federal German Republic and is catching up on England. It is however still far behind the rates for the Scandinavian countries and Holland and Belgium. PMID- 1228214 TI - [Use of the Doppler signal in the determination of fetal cardiac rhythm]. AB - The authors, after going over in brief the technical details of the physical characteristics of ultra-sounds and in particular the Doppler effect, describe a new cardiotachymeter using ultra-sounds which they have developed at the Baudelocque Maternity Hospital in Paris. In the first month in which they used this apparatus they kept 37 records on women who had not yet started labour and 36 records on women who were in labour. In 9 of the latter group they recored the fetal cardiac rhythm by the external route using ultra-sound pick-up and a recording by internal route using the fetal electrocardiogram. Tracings were comparable. It is interesting to note that even when uterine contractions are very strong indeed or the mother moves a lot the ultra-sound pick-up very rarely loses the fetal signal. PMID- 1228215 TI - [Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. Results at the maternity department of the Hopital Saint-Antoine in 1972]. AB - The authors report the results of checking for toxoplasmosis in a maternity hospital in Paris in one year. 3,409 women were checked. 19 cases of toxoplasmosis were detected and treated. 4 of these were cogenital toxoplasmosis, of which 3 were obvious. We have to point out that sero-conversion did not occur during the survey after we had started to prescribe hygienic diets to patients in the survey. The difficulties accompanying this form of prophylaxis have been analysed. PMID- 1228217 TI - [Forceps delivery under local-regional anesthesia in current obstetrical practice. Apropos of 400 cases]. AB - We herewith report 400 cases of forceps delivery under local regional block anesthesia of the internal pudental nerves. They were carried out together with routine episiotomy. The indications were the purely classical ones and the results were good. There were very few fetal complications and these were in all instances mild. There were very few maternal complications. So long as some precautious are taken we have in our hands an excellent method for extracting a baby with instruments and it should not have come into disrepute as it has (in comparison with the vacuum extractor). PMID- 1228216 TI - [Comparative efficacy of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha in the treatment of dyskinesia in primiparas at term]. AB - Fifty primiparous women who were in the 25 per cent of patients with the least favourable rate of dilatation of the cervix were treated with drug perfusion therapy for exactly three hours and were assessed graphically three times, each time after 60 minutes. 25 patients, randomly distributed, received between 5-10 and 15 mulli-units of oxytocin per minute and the other 25, 12.5-25 and 37.5 microgrammes ofprostaglandin F2 alpha per minute. The statistical analysis of the results that we obtained has established that: I. both drugs generally behaved with the degree of efficiency one would expect from the doses given; 2. when the cervix is resistant to one of the two products it is generally sensitive to the other; 3. that dystocias do exist refractiory to both drugs, but they are rare. PMID- 1228218 TI - [Simple procedure for extra-amniotic internal tocography]. AB - The authors have developed a method of internal tocography which can be used when the membranes are intact and which is as simple in its conception as procedures that are usually for intra-amniotic tocography. PMID- 1228219 TI - Effect of vitamin A on 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl), 1,1-dichloroethylene concentration in rat liver. AB - Residual amounts of 2, 2-bis-(p-chlorophyenyl), 1, 1-dicholroethylene (p,p' DDE) and the concentrations of total lipids and triglyceride were studied with respect to the internal organs of rats which had been dosed with p,p' DDE and fed on the diet free from vitamin A or containing excess of vitamin A. Either the absence or excess of vitamin A was found to increase triglyceride content and p,p' DDE storage level in the liver. However, the ratio of p,p' DDE stroage level in the liver to content of liver triglyceride was almost constant independently of the vitamin A treatment. It is suggested that the dose of vitamin A has some influences upon the metabolic processes of liver triglyceride in rats and changes the storage level of P,P'DDE in the organ. PMID- 1228220 TI - Effect of various nucleotides and drugs on microsomal thiamine diphosphatase activity in rat brain. AB - The basic properties of microsomal thiamine diphosphatase (TDPase) in rat brain were examined. It was mainly localized in the microsomal fraction. Microsomal TDPase showed an absolute requirement for divalent cation which was best satisfied by Ca++. Theophylline (1 mM), NADP (0.1 mM) and NADPH (0.1 mM) significantly inhibited its activity. However, caffeine, theobromine, NAD and various putative neurotransmitters did not affect the enzyme activity. UDP was inhibitory and IDP was a competitive inhibitor, but ATP had no effect on the enzyme activity. PMID- 1228221 TI - Micro-determinations of alpha-tocopherol in tissue lipids. AB - It has been shown that the determination of small amounts of tocopheral in tissue lipids by methods that use, in sequence, saponification, extraction, TLC and colorimetric assay, is greatly influenced by the concentration of soap in the saponification mixture. Soaps appear to interfere with the recovery of tocopherols during the subsequent extraction step. Based on this knowledge a method is described that was used to measure as little as 15 to 20 ng of tocopherol in 3 to 4 mg of lipid obtained from rat retinas. Presumably the method would be applicable to other tissues as well. The results show that the rat retina is readily depleted of tocopherol if none is included in the diet. PMID- 1228222 TI - Comprehensive examination of protein distribution profile in wheat grain. AB - A wheat grain was divided into three portions, endosperm, germ and bran, and the protein profile of each was examined comparatively after sequential extraction with isopropyl alcohol, sodium chloride, lactic acid and KOH solutions. Recovery of the protein in the extracts was 93-96%. The relative protein concentrations of the four soluble fractions of endosperm were very similar to those of bran, but germ showed a distinct distribution of the soluble proteins. Soluble protein fractions of endosperm, germ and bran, particularly their NaC1 soluble fractions, exhibited distinct individuality upon examination by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. Indeed, it was suggested that the gel electrophoretic profile could serve as a criterion for the quality evaluation of wheat flour. On the other hand, the KOH soluble proteins of endosperm, germ and bran, which gave indiscrete electrophoretic patterns, existed predominantly in highly aggregated forms which disintegrated upon exposure to 1% SDS or by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 1228223 TI - Effects of dietary protein level on catabolic rates of myosin and actin the rat revealed by urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. PMID- 1228224 TI - An improved synthetic medium suitable for tissue culture of various mammalian cells. AB - A new mixture of synthetic medium, DM-153, was designed to obtain a higher rate of proliferation of various cells and to be adoptable for both of closed and opened systems of culture. The activity was compared to that of other synthetic media by cultivation for 2 weeks. In the presence of 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum, DM-153 exhibited the highest rate of proliferation of rat liver cells, strain RLC 10(2), than did Eagle MEM, DM-145 or lactalbumin hydrolysate which had been employed as a routine growth medium for the cells. In the absence of any high molecular weight substances in the medium, both of DM-153 and DM-145 showed higher rate of proliferation of rat liver cells, strain JTC-25-P3, than that obtained by MEM. In the case of primary culture of human blood lymphoid cells supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, DM-153 resulted in apparently higher rate of cell survival than did RPMI-1640. The mixture DM-153 was confirmed to be suitable as a multi-purpose synthetic medium. PMID- 1228225 TI - Transmissible enterocolitis in hamsters caused by Tyzzer's organism. AB - An outbreak of enteric form of Tyzzer's disease occurred in a golden hamster colony, and 60% of diseased animals examined were found to have severe enterocolitis without hepatic lesions. Organisms were detected within mucosal epithelial cells, especially in the lower ileum, cecum and colon showing degenerative and necrotic changes, and in some cases organisms were also detected in the smooth muscle layer. Infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells in the lamina propria and submucosa was observed. Hamsters either having been cage mates with diseased ones or given perorally cecal contents from affected animals, suffered from severe diarrhea and were shown to have necrotic foci in the liver. By intravenous inoculation with affected hamster liver homogenate into cortisone treated mice, hepatic lesions characteristic of Tyzzer's disease were produced. Moreover, such infected mouse liver was found to cause severe diarrhea in hamsters when administered perorally. PMID- 1228226 TI - The in vitro activity of Midecamycin against various Vibrio species. AB - The susceptibility of various Vibrio species to Midecamycin was studied by the tube dilution method. A MIC of 100 mug per ml of Midecamycin in BHI broth was taken as an indicator of bacterial resistance. All Vibrio cholerae classic biotype strains tested, were sensitive to Midecamycin. In respectively, 87.4%, 60.7% and 89.5% of Vibrio cholerae El Tor biotype, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio NAG strains tested, were sensitive to Midecamycin. PMID- 1228227 TI - Accelerated death of AKR/J mice by ascitic tumor of C3H mice. PMID- 1228228 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte membrane receptors in cultures treated with mitogen: enhancement of rosette forming activity. PMID- 1228229 TI - Letter: Biphasic immune reaction against tumor antigen. PMID- 1228230 TI - Studies on proteinase level in gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands in pyridoxine deficient animals. AB - Proteinase activity was detected in different parts of the alimentary tract and digestive glands. In control group, the enzymatic activity is predominant in duodenum and pancreas and quite small in oesophagus and intestine. A significant lowering of the enzymic activity was detected in all the organs in pyridoxine deficient animals. The enzymic response was found to be similar in both control and isonicotinic acid hyarazide (I.N.H.) with extra pyridoxine fed animals. PMID- 1228231 TI - Evaluation of a technique of circumoval precipitin test using blood taken on filter paper and a microtiter technique of complement fixation test of Schistosoma japonicum. AB - For the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) blood was taken on quantitative blood sampling filter paper by finger prick from outpatients at the Schistosomiasis Control Pilot Project, Palo, Leyte, Philippines. The volume of serum available per strip of filter paper was 0.04 ml and this was extracted at 1:3, 1:5 and 1:8 dilutions. Lyophilized eggs of Schistosoma japonicum were mixed with the diluted serum on a microscope glass slide and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 days. The reaction was read following the criterion made by Yokogawa et al. [11]. The serum at 1:8 was too dilute to make correct diagnosis; serum at 1:3 dilution contained too much hemoglobin which made microscopic observation difficult and the extract at 1:5 was found to be appropriate. There was no remarkable difference in antigenicity among 3 preparations of lyophilized eggs from Kofu strain, Japan, and those of new and old preparations from Philippine strain. Under the best condition, false negative results appeared in 15.3% of 152 outpatients in Leyte and false positives in 2% of 50 human sera collected in Tokyo. This method of COPT is not satisfactory for the diagnosis of individual cases but is useful in the epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma infections because of the simplicity of blood sampling from dwellers of infested areas and also because it shows nearly the same sensitivity as that of a single fecal examination by the MIFC method. A microtiter technique of complement fixation test (CFT) was also studied. This method, however, was less sensitive than the COPT or a single fecal examination as to give 23.7% false negatives. Frequency distributions of CF and COP titers were analysed among egg positive, egg negative and treated groups. The results showed that treatment with stibophen had little influence in lowering the serum response, especially in COPT. PMID- 1228232 TI - A novel fluorimetric determination of sphingosine. AB - A fluorimetric method to determine sphingosine and the related bases at nmole level is described. For the fluorescence labeling of the long chain bases, pyridoxal was conjugated to the amino groups of the compounds. The method is applicable to sphingolipids after hydrolysis or methanolysis even in the presence of largeamount of contaminating amino-containing substances. PMID- 1228233 TI - Masking of some charged groups in a protein with beta-structure. AB - Reactivity of amino groups, phenoxy groups of tyrosine residues and some other charged groups of Tricoplusia ni granulosis virus granulin, which had rigid subunit structure abundant in beta-configuration, was investigated. It was found that there were nonreactive alpha-amino, phenoxy and some other groups in the native protein, and that they became reactive after an alkaline treatment which brought about conformational change of the protein to a random structure. The possibility of the contribution of the beta-structure for the masking of these residues is discussed. PMID- 1228234 TI - A successful method for mass culture of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Troussart, 1897). AB - Comparative studies have been carried out to find out an optimum condition for efficient mass culture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Troussart, 1897), the most dominant species of the house dust mites. Among various food materials tested for culture media, the mixture composed of 2 parts of powdered laboratory animal food, 2 parts of dried yeast and 1 part of dried fish powder was found to be most fitted. The humidity content of the medium was best when adjusted to 16% beforehand and thin layer of the food medium was prepared in Roux's-bottle with a paper plug. The plug of the bottle was opened once a week and the medium was mixed thoroughly by shaking to prevent clotting. When about 15,000 mites were inoculated into 100 g of culture media, the highest yield was obtained with relative humidity regulated at 75% and the temperature at 25 degrees C after 12 weeks of incubation. Purified mites were separated from culture media by floatation with saturated NaCl solution and the average yield of the mice was 2 to 3 g in wet weight per 100 g of the food mixture. PMID- 1228235 TI - Time-dependent distribution of 203Hg-methylmercuric chloride in tissues and cells of rats. AB - The time-dependent distribution of 203Hg-methylmercuric chloride has been studied in the tissue cells of rats by means of microautoradiographic examination and in the liver cells by means of electron autoradiography. Furthermore, the radioactivity of 203Hg in the various organs was measured at the same time. A possible way was suggested to prove that methylmercury might enter the brain through the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier as well as through the blood-brain barrier. Silver grains were selectively localized on the macrophages and glial cells in the paraventricular sites adjacent to the ventricles, subsequently in the submeningeal sites of brain cortex, and also localized on the macrophages and glial cells in the molecular and Purkinje cell layers near the fourth ventricle. Following administration, silver grains rapidly increased in the liver and kidney and then showed a relatively variable decrease. The density of grains was the most concentrated in the endothelium in the liver. A conspicuously large amount of radio activity was noted in the lumen of tubules at the earlier stages and later was found in the epithelial cytoplasm of the proximal and distal tubules in kidney. Radioactivity was remarkable in the blood and certain organs compared to that present in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The damaged cells in the brain, liver, kidney and muscle were not always related to the amount of mercury. There may be some differences between the intoxicity of organic mercury to the cells and sensitivity of the nerve cells themselves to organic mercury. PMID- 1228236 TI - Detection of HBs antigen with latex particles coated with human antibody prepared by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-sepharose. AB - Human HBs antibody was isolated by affinity chromatography on HBs antigen absorbed to concanavalin A linked to Sepharose 4B. When a human anti-HBs immunoglobulin preparation obtained by Cohn's cold ethanol fractionation method was used as a starting material, the antibody was concentrated about 10 times in terms of the passive hemagglutination titer with a recovery rate higher than 50%. Latex particles coated with human anti-HBs antibody thus prepared were proved to be useful in detecting HBs antigen in human blood samples. In its sensitivity and in rapidity of its performance, the antibody-coated latex agglutination test seems to be superior to conventional immunodiffusion techniques. PMID- 1228237 TI - Proceedings: Immunological specificities of Clostridium botulinum type C and D toxins. PMID- 1228238 TI - Proceedings: Scrutiny of the endotoxin-like substance in human placenta. PMID- 1228239 TI - Proceedings: Effect of antiserum against bacterial endotoxin on febrile response to lipopolysaccharide in host. PMID- 1228240 TI - Proceedings: Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type A toxins. PMID- 1228241 TI - Proceedings: Antigenicities of two fragments of Clostridium botulinum type B derivative toxin. PMID- 1228242 TI - Proceedings: Structure-function relationship of tetanus toxin: studies on "complementary" polypeptide fragments of the toxin. PMID- 1228243 TI - Proceedings: Studies on the hemolytic action of staphylococcal alpha toxin. PMID- 1228244 TI - Proceedings: Morphological changes of FL cells induced by thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PMID- 1228245 TI - Proceedings: Neuraminidase-sensitive gangliosides: possible tissue receptors for thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PMID- 1228246 TI - The role of bronchoconstriction in cough reflex. AB - To investigate the role of bronchoconstriction in the cough reflex, we compared antitussive effects of several drugs with their ability to effect the respiratory tract (i.e. bronchodilation vs. bronchoconstriction). Antitussive activities of five drugs administered either intravenously or orally on electrically-induced cough were evaluated in the non-anesthetized dog. The antitussive activities were as follows: morphine, 0.1 mg/kg (i.v.) and 0.5 mg/kg (p.o.); codeine, 1.0, 4.0; picoperidamine, 2.0, 9.8; piclobetol, 7.6, 9.0; HH-197, 12.5, 143.0, respectively. Morphine, codeine and HH-197 caused bronchoconstriction, but picoperidamine and picrobetol caused bronchodilation. The antitussive and bronchodilatation effects of isoproterenol were abolished by propranolol. Each bronchoconstricting drug (i.e. morphine, codeine and HH-197) was administered concurrently with isoproterenol (10 mug/kg, i.v., and non-antitussive activity), and the cough reflex was observed. Compared with the single administration of each drug, respiratory resistance was decreased and the antitussive effect was increased. These results indicate a strong correlation between bronchodilatation and increased antitussive activity. PMID- 1228247 TI - 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in uterine smooth muscle. AB - When studying some of the properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors in the rat uterine muscle using phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) as an antagonist it was found that the specific receptors for 5HT in the smooth muscle were selectively blocked by PBZ; a period of 20-minute exposure to the antagonist was required for maximal effect. The blockade produced was of long duration and the recovery of response was relatively slow; it was incomplete throughout the 4-hour observation period. A concentration of 1 X 10(-8) g/ml PBZ produced a parallel shift of the dose response effects while higher concentrations reduced both the slope and maximal response. The reasons for such a shift were discussed. 5HT produced a rapid onset and offset of effect suggesting that the site of 5HT receptor is on the surface of the cell membrane. Moreover, 5HT could protect its own receptor against PBZ blockade. PMID- 1228248 TI - The modification of inotropic action of ouabain by 6-hydroxydopamine and alpha methyl-p-tyrosine in dogs. AB - The action of ouabain on myocardial inotropism pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine was studied. Inotropic action of ouabain was not changed by depletion of catecholamines in the brain, in which the central sympathetic neurons were destroyed by an intraventricular administration of 6 hydroxydopamine. Systemic administration of 6-hydroxydopamine and alpha-methyl-p tyrosine reduced ventricular catecholamines to 5.3% and 20.8% of the control, respectively. Percent increase of contractility by ouabain after the pretreatment of 6-hydroxydopamine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine was reduced to 16.7% and 50.3% of the control, respectively. The results obtained suggest that catecholamines in the myocardium play some important role in producing cardiotonic action of cardiac glycosides. Brain catecholamines or the central sympathetic nervous system do not appear to participate in the exertion of the positive inotropic action of cardiac glycosides. PMID- 1228249 TI - Effects of passive immunization with rabbit anti-phenobarbital IgG on cyclobarbital-induced sleeping time and hepatic enzyme activities of C3H mice. AB - Effects of normal rabbit IgG (N-IgG) and phenobarbital specific IgG (Ab-IgG) on cyclobarbital-induced sleeping time were studied. Ab-IgG was specifically purified by Immunoadsorbent from rabbit antisera obtained by immunization with p azophenobarbital bovine gamma globulin. N-IgG was purified from normal rabbit sera by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The aggregate-free IgG were passively immunized to C3H mice 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of cyclobarbital which has a high binding affinity to the antibodies. The pretreatment with N-IgG prolonged significantly cyclobarbital-induced sleeping time as compared with that of saline treated group, however, in the Ab-IgG treated group the duration of the sleeping was much the same as that seen in the saline group. To determine whether Ab-IgG has any influence on barbiturate tolerance, effects of N-IgG and Ab-IgG on the activities of hepatic enzymes in 9,000 X g supernatant (alkaline RNase and aminopyrine demethylase) of the mice were examined at 40 hours after cyclobarbital administration. The activities of both enzymes which could be induced by cyclobarbital were decreased significantly in Ab-IgG treated group as compared with those on N-IgG group. These results are discussed with relation to barbiturate tolerance. PMID- 1228250 TI - Effects of polyamines on the central nervous system. AB - Effects of polyamines on the central nervous system were studied in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of Spermidine (SPD) and Spermine (SPM) decreased spontaneous motor activity as measured by either the photo-cell counters method or the open-field test and lowered rectal temperature. A significant prolongation of sleeping time after pentobarbital was confirmed in small doses of SPD and SPM which had slight influence on spontaneous motor activity. The time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine was elongated by SPD and SPM. SPM in small doses inhibited writhing responses induced by 0.7% acetic acid. In addition, methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned avoidance response were blocked by SPM in doses which decreased spontaneous motor activity. In all experiments, SPM appeared to have a powerful pharmacological activity compared with SPD. LD50 for SPD and SPM was 620 (500-769) mg/kg i.p. and 310 (200-480) mg/kg i.p., respectively. PMID- 1228251 TI - Influence of various factors and drugs on cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in the rat. AB - The cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer reported by Selye et al. was investigated and the optimum conditions for the production of ulcers in rats were established. A single subcutaneous administration of cysteamine between 200 and 500 mg/kg produced ulceration in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum within 18 hr. Female and older rats were more susceptible to cysteamine than male and younger ones, respectively. Atropine methylbromide inhibited duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine dose-dependently and pyloric ligation immediately prior to cysteamine dosing completely inhibited ulceration. Tegragastrin or bethanechol increased the severity of cysteamine-induced ulceration. These data suggest that gastric juice may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cysteamine-induced ulcers. The present study provided an excellent animal model for studying the mechanism of duodenal ulcers and screening of antiulcer agents. PMID- 1228252 TI - Effects of antitussive drugs on the activity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in cats. AB - Reflex responses in the recurrent laryngeal (RL) nerve to stimulation of superior laryngeal (SL) nerve and the effects of antitussive drugs on these reflex responses were studied in order to elucidate the site of action of these drugs in encephale isole cats. The RL nerve fibers were classified into four types by discharge patterns in respect to phases of artificial ventilation; type I: no spontaneous discharges, type II: discharges in phase with inflation of the lung, type III: discharges in phase with deflation of the lung, type IV: tonic discharges. Repetitive stimulation of the SL nerve elicited tonic burst discharges or short burst discharges in all types of RL nerve elicited tonic burst discharges or short burts discharges in all types of RL nerve, while the same procedure inhibited ongoing discharges of the type III and IV fibers only. The inhibited fibers tended to have slow conduction velocities (20-80 m/sec). Administration of antitussive drugs such as codeine, dextro methorphan and oxymetebanol as well as pentobarbital decreased the frequency of the after spike discharges in the RL nerves evoked following repetitive shocks to the SL nerve, but had no effects on the inhibition of RL nerve discharges evoked by the stimulation of the same nerve. The neuropharmacological implication of these findings as related to the cough reflex are discussed. PMID- 1228253 TI - Incidence of epinephrine-induced pulmonary edema in rabbits and accompanying metabolic changes. AB - Searching for an experimental condition to produce pulmonary edema of uniform high grade severity in rabbits, five different doses of epinephrine (38,60, 100, 160 and 260 mug/ml) were infused at a rate of 0.29 ml/min for 20 min into the femoral vein of fed and fasted animals. Body temperature was maintained at 38 to 40 degrees C. The incidence of pulmonary edema was not dose-dependent, and was approx. 70% by the administration of 60 to 260 mug/ml of epinephrine solutions. In general, the edema was more severe in the fed group than in the fasted. The highest dose of epinephrine was often fatal in the fasted group. One hundred mug/ml (approx. 10 mug/kg/min), fed was regarded as a favourable condition for the experiment. The amounts of lung lipids increased in edema (+) cases of the fed groups. The plasma potassium level was elevated in proportion to the dose of epinephrine. The clotting time of blood was markedly prolonged in edema (+) rabbits. The significance of these observations was discussed in regard to the mechanism of epinephrine-induced pulmonary edema. PMID- 1228254 TI - Separation of cholinergic proteolipids from quenched rat cerebral cortex and resolution of properties at low temperature. AB - Proteolipids from rat cerebral cortex quenched at -196 degrees C were extracted and fractionated at subzero temperature (-60 degrees C). On Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, acetylcholine and cholinergic blocking agents such as dimethyl-d tubocuratine and decamethonium were observed to bind to different fractions of proteolipids showing that the receptor fractions for acetylcholine and that for cholinergic blockers need not be the same. The acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity was demonstrated to be absent in both types of receptor fraction. The specificities of binding by cholinergic substances to proteolipid fractions prepared at -60 degrees C persisted at room temperature with some loss in specificity for acetylcholine. Since these specificities were not observed in previously reported experiments at room temperature, it appears that the structures of proteolipids extracted at the two temperatures differ. The appearance of specificities in the proteolipids prepared at low temperature suggest that their structures are in better approximation to those in vivo that presumably are highly specific. The importance of the protein moiety of proteolipids as a discriminator for the neurotransmitter is discussed. PMID- 1228256 TI - Studies on caerulein (FI6934). Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of caerulein. AB - 35S-Caerulein (35S-FI6934) was administered intramuscularly into rats (280 mug/kg), rabbits (380 mug/kg) and mice (3.3 mg/kg). Blood level of radioactivity in rats and rabbits reached the maximum at 5 and 15 min after administration, respectively, and then decreased rapidly. In both rats and rabbits, the radioactivities were excreted mainly into the urine. The physiological activity of FI6934 was detected in the blood of rats and rabbits collected within 15 and 30 min after injection respectively, and in the bile of rats collected within the first 2 hr. In rats, the radioactivities were densely distributed in kidney, liver, pancreas, and intestine. Four metabolites of 35S-FI6934 were isolated by paper chromatography from rat urine (i.m., 500 mug/kg). The main metabolites, F-I and F-II, were negative to nynhydrin and to the Ehrlich reagent and carried no physiological activity. 35S-Chym-I, which was prepared by digesting 35S-FI6934 with chymotrypsin, was injected to rats (i.m. 16 or 8 mg/kg/. The metabolite, C I, isolated from the urine was considered to have a very similar structure to F-I from the results of paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. By amino acid analysis, the structure of C-I was estimated to be as follows: Pyr-Gln (or Glu) Asp-Tyr-Thr-Gly. (see article). PMID- 1228255 TI - A double column procedure for the simultaneous estimation of norepinephrine, normetanephrine, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in brain tissue. AB - A double column procedure was devised for simultaneous estimation of norepinephrine, normetanephrine, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and 5 hydroxytryptamine in brain tissue. Columns of aluminum oxide were placed on columns of Amberlite CG-50 by use of a specially devised column holder so that the effluent from the upper columns could flow directly into the lower ones. Perchloric acid extracts of brain samples were passed through the doubled columns after the pH was adjusted with K2CO3. Norepinephrine and dopamine in the extracts were adsorbed on aluminum oxide in the upper columns while normetanephrine, 3 methoxytyramine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were retained by Amberlite CG-50 placed under the aluminum oxide columns. The amines adsorbed on both columns were eluted in a small volume of dilute HC1 and each of the amines was determined fluorometrically. Some modifications were incorporated into the existing methods for developing fluorescence from the amines to increase the sensitivity. The recovery rate throughout the entire procedure for the authentic amines added to brain homogenates was in the neighborhood of 90% or higher with little column to column variation. The procedure was tested in the estimation of the five amines on various parts of single brains of normal or pargyline-treated rats. PMID- 1228257 TI - Regional changes in brain catecholamine content following administration of guanethidine to neonatal rats. AB - Norepinephrine(NE), dopamine(DA) and serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) contents were estimated in the different regions of the developing rat brain following guanethidine injection at the neonatal period for the purpose of determining the influence of guanethidine on development of the monoamine neuron in the brain. Despite a nonsignificant change in the weights of all regions of the brain, guanethidine caused a significant reduction of NE content in the limbic-striatum at day 7 and 30 and an increase in mesencephalon-ponsmedulla at day 30. DA concentration in the limbic-striatum at day 7, 14 and 30 and in the neocortex at day 7 showed a decrease with guanethedine treatment. The change in 5 HT content was not induced with guanethidine in all regions and all days examined. These results suggest that guanethidine, crossing the blood-brain barrier at the neonatal stage, induced the degeneration of the nerve terminals and "collateral accumulation" of catecholamines in the central NE and DA neurons. PMID- 1228258 TI - Clinical studies on streptococcal preparation (OK-432) combined with mitomycin-C, 5-FU and cytosine arabinoside in advanced cancer patients. AB - Streptococcal preparation (OK-432), a new type of anti-cancer agent, was given to the patients with advanced cancer in combination with Mitomycin-C, 5-FU and Cytosine arabinoside. OK-432 was administered intramuscularly with a daily dose of 2.0 KE consecutively or locally into the tumor with a large-dose of 100 KE. Most cases tolerated the long term administration of OK-432 without any severe side effects and the highest dose reached was 314 KE during 161 days of treatment. Of the 53 patients evaluated, 31 were given the initial large dose intratumoral OK-432. Thirteen were judged 0-C and Category 1 according to the Karnofsky criteria for a response rate of 44.8 per cent as compared with 12.5 per cent in the group without the initial large-dose administration. PMID- 1228259 TI - Reevaluation of parasternal lymph node dissection in the treatment of mammary cancer. AB - One hundred and forty one patients with mammary cancer underwent the extended radical mastectomy with parasternal lymph nodes dissection between January, 1966 and December, 1974. From the basis of the present report involvement of parasternaly lymph node chain was evaluated retrospectively with respect to the stage, location, size, histological type of cancer, metastasis to axillary and subclavicular lymph nodes, and the five-year survival rate. The parasternal as well as subclavicular and axillary lymph node involvements were not found in non infiltrating cancer. The more the stage of cancer advanced, the more frequently the parasternal lymph nodes were involved regardless of the location of cancer in the breast. The parasternal lymph node chain alone was rarely involved, but frequently affected along with the axillary lymph nodes. When the parasternal lymph nodes were involved, the five-year survival rate was extremely poor, even after their surgical removal. Subsequently, addition of parasternal lymph node dissection does not seem to be beneficial. PMID- 1228260 TI - Portal hypertension due to hepatic artery-portal vein arteriovenous fistula--a case report. AB - A case of portal hypertension secondary to traumatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula with portal fibrosis was successfully treated by ligation of the afferent hepatic arteries which decreased significantly portal pressure and corrected the abnormal blood inflow to the portal vein via A-V fistula resulting in a recovery of the disturbed liver function. Collateral blood supply from the left hepatic artery into the right hepatic lobe was found to be quite satisfactory after the ligation of the hepatic artery. Hemodynamic data and clinical findings of the present case suggest that the mechanism responsible for the portal hypertension is the inflow block resulting from the interruption of portal venous flow by the inflow of arterial blood via A-V fistula and the subsequent increased blood pressure in portal vein radicals. PMID- 1228261 TI - Occlusion of superior mesenteric artery and effect of corticosteroid in dogs. AB - In twenty dogs the effects of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) for two hours on several conditions likely to be responsible for the lethality of animals or men following release of SMAO were evaluated with and without corticosteroid administration. Six of ten dogs without steroid treatment died from irreversible shock within 24 hours. However, ten steroid treated dogs maintained an adequate blood pressure and survived until sacrifice 24 hours after SMAO. Release of lysosomal hydrolases, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia or plasma loss seemed not to have exerted important effects on the fate of animals, because their differences between the groups were not significant. Hence the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of corticosteroid administered should be sought elsewhere. PMID- 1228262 TI - General rule for clinical and histological record of mammary cancer. Japan Mammary Cancer Society. Part II. Histological classification of mammary cancer. PMID- 1228263 TI - Pathological studies of Marek's disease in Japanese quail. PMID- 1228264 TI - Parasites of the Japanese badger, Meles meles anakuma Temminck, especially on Isthmiophora melis (Schrank, 1788) Luhe, 1909. PMID- 1228265 TI - Influence of thymectomy on leukocyte migration inhibition test in myasthenia gravis and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1228266 TI - Enodotoxin-induced non-specific resistance to Trypanosoma equiperdum in neonatally thymectomized or splenectomized Wistar rats. PMID- 1228267 TI - Heterotransplantation of human neoplasms in nude mice. PMID- 1228268 TI - [Present status and perspectives in the development of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy of malignant tumors]. PMID- 1228269 TI - [Gastromucoprotein secretion after drainage surgery on the stomach and vagotomy for ulcers]. PMID- 1228270 TI - [Electrolyte balance and secretory function of the stomach in patients with ulcers]. PMID- 1228271 TI - [Mechanical properties of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal]. PMID- 1228272 TI - [Preventive asepsis of the pleural cavity following pneumonectomy using fibrinolytic agents]. PMID- 1228273 TI - [Donor problem in allotransplantation of tissues and organs]. PMID- 1228274 TI - [Detection of predisposition to the dumping syndrome and its prevention]. PMID- 1228276 TI - [Postresection alimentary dystrophy]. PMID- 1228275 TI - [Pancreatic disease following gastric resection for complicated peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1228277 TI - [Bile sectretion after gastrectomy in cancer patients]. PMID- 1228278 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernias]. PMID- 1228279 TI - [Artificial pneumoperitoneum in the differential diagnosis of diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 1228280 TI - [Changes in capillary circulation and lymphatic resorption in keloid scars following burns]. PMID- 1228281 TI - [Radicalfunctional mastectomy using Patey's method]. PMID- 1228282 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the fingers and hands in manganese mine workers]. PMID- 1228283 TI - [Use of rheopolyglucin in the treatment of obliterative atherosclerosis of the legs]. PMID- 1228284 TI - [Treatment of paraproctitis]. PMID- 1228285 TI - [Tumors of the gastric stump after resection for ulcer disease of the stomach]. PMID- 1228286 TI - [Massive hemorrhage after gastric resection]. PMID- 1228287 TI - [Left cardiac ventricle penetration due to a gastric ulcer]. PMID- 1228288 TI - [Spontaneous ruptures and perforations of the esophagus]. PMID- 1228289 TI - [Incorrect diagnosis of incarcerated hernias in elderly patients]. PMID- 1228290 TI - [Perforation of the transverse colon simulating acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 1228291 TI - [Perforation of the cecum by a fish bone simulating acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1228292 TI - [Rupture of the main bronchus due to nonpenetrating chest injury]. PMID- 1228293 TI - [A tube with an illumination system for operations on dilated varicose veins in the legs]. PMID- 1228294 TI - [Babcock's tube with an illumination device]. PMID- 1228295 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 1228296 TI - [Postoperative complications and mortality in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1228297 TI - [Injuries of the bladder in inguinal herniorrhaphy]. PMID- 1228298 TI - [Analysis of the fatal outcomes in strangulated external abdominal hernias]. PMID- 1228299 TI - [Incarcerated eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach]. PMID- 1228300 TI - [Rare observation of multicentric cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 1228301 TI - [Polycystic neurinoma of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 1228302 TI - [Ileocecal invagination caused by a leiomyoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 1228303 TI - [Sympathogonioma as a cause of acute small intestinal invagination]. PMID- 1228304 TI - [Operative treatment of bilateral tumors of the adrenals]. PMID- 1228305 TI - [Cancer of the lower lip in young persons]. PMID- 1228306 TI - [Extensive osteochondroma of the sternum]. PMID- 1228307 TI - [Giant chondrosarcoma of the scapula]. PMID- 1228308 TI - [Stomach cancer after an operation for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1228309 TI - [Comparative assessment of the Billroth I and Billroth II operations in stomach cancer]. PMID- 1228310 TI - [Reasons for the nonradical surgical treatment of cancer of the proximal section of the stomach]. PMID- 1228311 TI - [Complex psychosomatic approach in evaluating the work capacity of patients operated on for stomach cancer]. PMID- 1228312 TI - [Chromogastroscopy in the diagnosis of stomach cancer]. PMID- 1228313 TI - [Diseases of the operated and artificial esophagus as seen in x-rays]. PMID- 1228314 TI - [Endoscopic semeiotics and the diagnosis of sarcomas of the stomach]. PMID- 1228315 TI - [Melanoma and leiomyosarcoma of the rectum]. PMID- 1228316 TI - [Recovery of intestinal patency after Hartmann's operation]. PMID- 1228317 TI - [Complications of sarcoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 1228318 TI - [Possibility of the pharmacological regulation of homeostasis using Rantarin FM in the surgical treatment of oncological patients]. PMID- 1228319 TI - [Lymphographic determination of metastatic lesion of the lymph nodes]. PMID- 1228320 TI - [Chordoma of the sacrococcygeal portion of the spine]. PMID- 1228321 TI - [Indications for an emergency operation in patients with catecholamine-producing tumors]. PMID- 1228322 TI - [Use of the greater omentum for treating radiation necroses and edema of the upper extremities following Halsted's mastectomy]. PMID- 1228323 TI - [Differential diagnostic significance of liver rheography in obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 1228324 TI - Effects of aminophylline and the removal of external Na on the antispasmodic action of isoproterenol in isolated rat rectum, particularly in relation to Ca. PMID- 1228325 TI - Influence of the removal of external Na on the tonus and drug-induced contraction of the isolated rat rectum, particularly in relation to Ca. PMID- 1228326 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of brucelloses in human and animal medicine]. PMID- 1228327 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic human brucellosis. Its importance in the rural milieu]. PMID- 1228328 TI - [Prevention and treatment of human brucellosis]. PMID- 1228329 TI - [Brucella vaccines and prevention of brucellosis]. PMID- 1228330 TI - [Development and factors of spreading of brucellosis in Morocco]. PMID- 1228331 TI - [Partial results of an epidemiologic survey on brucellosis in Morocco]. PMID- 1228332 TI - [Animal dietetics]. PMID- 1228333 TI - NIH gerontology research support: policy evaluation of in vitro cell lineage studies. AB - Populations of cultured human diploid cells, used extensively in research on aging, are not well understood in terms of kinetics and mitotic activity of constituent cells. NICHD has supported, by contract, cell lineage studies to elucidate such cell characteristics contributing to the cell population degeneration and death. The policy of NICHD (NIA) encouragment of such studies has been evaluated. A need for cell lineage and related data from cultured-cell populations is recognized, and research necessary to achieve these data will be encouraged. Grant applications to this end are sought. PMID- 1228334 TI - Age-dependence of heat-induced strand separation of DNA in situ in postmitotic cells of rat brain as revealed by acridine orange microfluorimetry. AB - Acridine orange microfluorimetry as well as Feulgen microfluorimetry were applied on smears of cerebral and cerebellar cortex of young (2-month-old) and old (24-27 month-old) female Wistar rats. The strand separation of DNA caused by thermal denaturation was measured between 50 degrees and 90 degrees C in the nuclei of cortical nerve cells and cerebellar granular cells. In the young nerve cell nuclei a considerable DNA-loss was observed after thermal denaturation, therefore, corresponding corrections should have been made on the heat denaturation curves. The old nerve cell nuclei of brain cortex showed a much higher heat stability than the young ones, whereas in the cerebellar granular cells the age-dependent difference was much less expressed. Our observations on chromatin in situ show the same tendency as do the findings obtained on isolated chromatin by others. The results are discussed first from a methodical point of view then the arguments are listed suggesting a possible role of interprotein cross-links in the age-dependent stabilization of the chromatin gel. PMID- 1228335 TI - On the regeneration of aortic endothelium at different ages. AB - In order to study the physiological regeneration of the endothelium, "Hautchen", preparations of aortic endothelium were produced from 15 rabbits of different ages and studied autoradiographically. By determining the number of 3H-thymidine labelled cells, the mitotic rate and the total number of cells per 0.12 mm2, we arrived at the following conclusions: (1) The mean generation time of endothelial cells increases with advancing age. The extension of the mean generation time of the endothelial cells, as deduced from the decrease in the 3H-thymidine labelling index and in the mitotic rate, mainly occurs during the first four months of life. (2) Neither between topologically different aortic segments nor between such portions of the aorta as are exposed to different flow-mechanical stresses could any considerable differences with regard to the reproduction rate of their endothelial cells be detected. The raised endothelial turnover in the area of the iliac bifurcation requires further studies. PMID- 1228336 TI - Ovarian development in athymic nude mice. The size and composition of the follicle population. AB - Mice homozygous for the Mendelian recessive mutation nude show a reduction in the size and changes in the composition of the ovarian follicle population. Follicular loss was first evident at 2 months of age and was specifically due to a reduction in the numbers of small (primordial) follicles and medium follicles in the initial growth stages. The first ovulation was delayed until 2 1/2 months of age. By 4 months an overall reduction in all fractions of the follicle population had occurred and ovulation had ceased. These developmental changes are discussed in relation to the role of the thymus gland in sexual maturation and reproductive function in the female mouse. PMID- 1228337 TI - Ovarian development in athymic nude mice. II. The growth of the oocyte and follicle. AB - Congenitally athymic mice homozygous for the Mendelian recessive mutation "nude" develop well defined morphological and quantitative changes in the ovarian follicle population. A decline in follicle numbers at 2 months of age is preceded by a retardation in follicle growth at 1 month of age. The growth of the oocyte and its nucleus are not affected by the nude mutation. However, the rate of growth and maximum size of the oocyte nucleolus are reduced in nudes. These developmental events are discussed in relation to the genetic activity of the oocyte, the role of pituitary gonadotrophins in follicular and oocyte growth and the possible role of the thymus gland in these processes. PMID- 1228339 TI - Lack of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase change during human senescence. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD), widely distributed in aerobic organisms, catalyzes dismutation of the superoxide free radical, O2-, to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and apparently protects against oxygen toxicity. In human erythrocytes, O2- arises from autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin and SOD activity is copper-dependent. Since human erythrocyte copper content has been reported to decline in the fifth decade of life, we investigated the age dependence of human erythrocyte SOD activity. The mean SOD activity, assayed by inhibition of epinephrine autoxidation, was 415 +/- 66 units/g cells or 50 +/- 11 units/mg non-Hb protein. No significant difference was observed between young and old adults, and no correlations were detected with sex, state of health of the donor, or with blood hemoglobin content. The lack of general decline of SOD activity with age narrows the possible mechanisms for an involvement of O2- in senescence. SOD may yet decline in other longer-lived tissues or, as suggested by Fridovich, a constant low level of damage may be caused by imperfect scavenging of O2- by SOD. If such a mechanism is operative, it appears not to affect synthesis of SOD in erythrocyte precursor cells into the eighth decade of human life. PMID- 1228338 TI - A histochemical and ultrastructural study of lipofuscin accumulation in thyroid follicular cells of aging domestic cats. AB - Enzyme activity and fine structure of thyroid follicular cells were investigated in domestic cats at ages: 2 and 8 months, and 1, 3, 5 and 8 years. The following major changes in the follicular cells with advancing age were observed: with histochemistry--an increase in acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities confined to numerous granules (vesicles); with electron microscopy -- an increase in colloid vesicles, the appearance and increase in size and number of lipofuscin vesicles, and the increase in number of follicular cells containing numerous colloid or lipofuscin vesicles. It is our opinion that the numerous enzymatically active granules of the older groups, observed with histochemistry, are synonymous with the lipofuscin vesicles and many of the colloid vesicles observed with electron microscopy. The cellular changes involving increased enzymatic activity and lipofuscin accumulation with advancing age would correlate with decreased thyroid function reported in the literature. These observations, therefore, would suggest increased autophagic activity involving organelle or unneeded product degradation. PMID- 1228340 TI - Biosynthesis and operating mechanism of estrogens in ovariectomized animals under the effect of -SH groups. AB - This paper is part of a series aimed to investigate the mechanism of the action of Folcysteine, a substance that has the capacity to release in the body active SH groups and has been proved to be effective in the control of menopausal troubles. As an experimental model the ovariectomized rat, rather similar, from the viewpoint of the hormonal balance, to the aged female, has been considered. Under these conditions, the effect, at the uterine and adrenalian level of the treatment with two different doses of estradiol with Folcysteine alone as well as associated with estradiol, has been investigated. Our results indicate that the active -SH groups released by Folcysteine intensify the effect of estrogens upon the uterine tissue and stimulate the estrogen biosynthesis at adrenalian level. PMID- 1228341 TI - Alteration in cellular RNAs during the in vitro lifespan of cultured human diploid fibroblasts. II. Synthesis and processing of RNA. AB - Incorporation of tritiated uridine into cellular RNA is decreased in senescent human fibroblast cultures when measured per cellular RNA content. Since early and late passage cells demonstrate similar kinetics of RNA precursor pool labeling and saturation, this decreased tritiated uridine incorporation reflects decreased RNA synthesis. However, cellular RNA contents are markedly elevated in senescent cell cultures. When data are measured per cell number or DNA content, net RNA synthesis is slightly increased in senescent cultures. Separation of labeled RNAs by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the same diminished specific activities (CPM/RNA) and increased net synthesis (CPM/cell number) of major ribosomal and transfer RNAs. However, this slight increase in RNA synthesis is probably not of sufficient magnitude to completely explain the observed increase in cellular RNA content in senescent cells. PMID- 1228342 TI - Vaginal lubrication. PMID- 1228343 TI - Should androgens be used to treat impotence in men over 50? PMID- 1228344 TI - Medical illustration in the UK. PMID- 1228345 TI - A synergistic approach to organising educational support services in medical schools--the Malaysian experience. PMID- 1228346 TI - High--speed cine angiography. PMID- 1228347 TI - Skin wrinkling in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1228348 TI - Some aspects of medical cinematography. 2. Basic principles of picture editing. PMID- 1228350 TI - Special problems of medical colour photography intended for reproduction. PMID- 1228349 TI - Making enlargements from small fibre-optic transparencies. PMID- 1228351 TI - Effects of cumulative context and guessing methods on estimates of transition probability in speech. PMID- 1228352 TI - Dyslexia and eye movements. PMID- 1228353 TI - Using the permutational model to predict grammatical patterns. PMID- 1228354 TI - Immediate recall of sentences plus digits: a new approach. PMID- 1228355 TI - Phonological patterns in a case of aphasia. PMID- 1228356 TI - A psychophysical study of rate of continuous speech stimuli by means of direct magnitude estimation scaling. PMID- 1228357 TI - Context and complexity in working class language. PMID- 1228358 TI - Slips of the tongue and lexical storage. PMID- 1228360 TI - [The pseudolymphoma of the stomach(author's transl)]. AB - The pseudolymphoma of the stomach can be diagnosed neither by clinical, nor by X ray or endoscopic examination. In most cases surgery is done because gastric carcinoma is suspected, and the diagnosis of lymphoma is established upon microscopic examination of the resected specimen. In many cases complications such as bleeding, ulcers or erosions give rise to further diagnostic procedures. Prognosis is good. Surgery is the therapy of choice. 4 cases are reported and histological criteria of pseudolymphoma especially as compared to lymphosarcoma are discussed. Two different approaches are delineated in regard to ulcerative pseudolymphoma and lymphatic hyperplasia respectively. PMID- 1228359 TI - [X-ray quiz series I, sequence 6, cases 20-22]. PMID- 1228361 TI - [Melanosis coli(author's transl)]. AB - Melanosis coli is caused by deposits of malanin- or lipofuscin-containing pigments in the colon mucosa; it is a conspicuous sign of long standing abuse of anthrachinonic laxatives. Melanosis coli can be easily diagnosed during rectoscopy, using morphological as well as histological criteria; nevertheless this condition is often overlooked or goes unnoticed. Abuse of laxatives, which is denied or concealed rather often by patients, does however explain in many cases otherwise unexplained abdominal complaints. Four cases are reported demonstrating the diagnostic significance of colonic melanosis. PMID- 1228362 TI - [Are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases precancerous conditions?(author's transl)]. AB - Cancer risk in patients with ulcerative colitis is higher than in patients with Crohn's disease, the reason for this difference being unknown. In ulcerative colitis the risk of malignancy justifies a prophylactic colectomy when the disease begins in childhood or in adolescence involving the total colon and lasting for more than 10 years. In Crohn's disease malignant tumors have been described in 43 cases of terminal ileitis and in 32 cases of granulomatous colitis. The cancer risk is low and does not justify a prophylactic colectomy. PMID- 1228363 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of serum triiodothyronine. I. Results with and without stimulation by TSH]. PMID- 1228364 TI - [Pasmid analysis: new model in epidemiology]. PMID- 1228365 TI - [Value of the detection of hyaluronic acid in pleural fluids]. PMID- 1228366 TI - [Comparative study of various manual and automatic methods of determination of blood cholesterol]. PMID- 1228367 TI - [Monitoring of a heart patient after surgery. I. Monitoring of a patient with a valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1228369 TI - The sodium pump: a ghost story. AB - Evidence that the sodium plus potassium activated adenosinetriphosphatase ((Na + K)-ATPase) is present and functions normally in a red blood cell ghost is summarised. The case is then argued that since ghost move neither sodium nor potassium against an electrochemical gradient, the (Na+ + K)-ATPase is not in itself sufficient to generate transmembrane gradients of sodium and potassium ions. If it is not sufficient in ghost, then it cannot be sufficient in intact cells, but most somehow work co-operatively with the cytoplasm. An alternative hypothesis to that of carrier-mediated transported is then proposed, and shown to be consistent with data on intact cells, membrane homogenates, ghosts, and membrane vesicles derived from bacteria. PMID- 1228368 TI - [Intestinal parasite infestation in Etimesgut area]. PMID- 1228370 TI - Immune modulation and disease patterns in population groups. AB - A hypothesis which explains disease prevalence among different socio-economic groups following early infantile modulation of cell-mediated immunity by infection and nutrition related stress is presented. Wealthy populations living under highly hygienic circumstances can develop their cell-mediated immunity to genetic expectation while their humoral systems remains unstimulated. Primitive populations protect the infant's immune development by breast feeding and suffer from temporary cell-mediated immune deficiencies due to intercurrent infectious disease and famine later on. Intermediary populations harbour a small percentage of people, whose cell-mediated immune system has been permanently damaged by infection in early childhood, leading to a high incidence of diseases linked to cell-mediated immune deficiency. The possible cocarcinogenesis of the cell mediated immune deficiency following repeated gastroenteritis and persistent stimulation of B cells, leading to alpha heavy chain disease and primary intestinal lymphoma, or due to falciparum malaria in newborns and its impact on the EB virus genome in development of Burkitt's lymphoma, are discussed. PMID- 1228371 TI - Flatulent dyspepsia: a tiered symptom complex? AB - The symptom complex of flatulent dyspepsia is ill-defined but is made up of at least nine individual symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms is not known and thier change after cholecystectomy in gall-stone patients is unpredictable; they disappear completely in less than half the patients. We studied the symptoms in one hundred and thirty nine patients, using various computer programmes to see if the changes after operation could be predicted and if some of the symptoms were linked or formed "clusters". The results did not show any standard relationship between the symptoms. We have therefore, proposed the hypothesis of a tiered symptom complex to explain these observations. They could be produced by a motility disorder affecting different parts of the gastro intestinal tract to a varying degree. PMID- 1228372 TI - A plea for a comparative approach to evaluation of the physiological significance of regulatory mechanism observed in in vitro studies. AB - Regulatory mechanisms proposed on the vasis of in vitro studies using purified enzymes should be evaluated for their physiological significance in different species and under various conditions. The procedures presently employed for such evaluation are examined, and it is suggested that difficulties of application or interpretation arise, especially in studies on highly differentiated organisms. The use of comparative enzymology as an alternative approach to this problem is proposed, using in the main data obtained in studies on pyruvate carboxylase to illustrate the potential of this method. Some problems which arise in the use of comparative studies in this context are considered. PMID- 1228374 TI - Analysis of 2-category data from two matched samples. PMID- 1228373 TI - An improved method for measuring the size of myocardial infarctions. AB - A new method is proposed for the estimation of infarction size from several measurements of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. This method develops the previous method of Shell and co-workers by introducing the concept of a time- dependent fractional disappearance rate for CPK (kd(t) from the blood. This method would allow more accurate estimates to be made of infarction size. PMID- 1228375 TI - Results of a modified transvesical prostatectomy--a review of 100 cases. PMID- 1228376 TI - X-ray diagnosis in urinary tract infection. PMID- 1228377 TI - Certain aspects of hystero-salpingography. PMID- 1228378 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. PMID- 1228379 TI - Episiotomy repair: a comparison of catgut and polyglycolic acid sutures. PMID- 1228380 TI - The grossly enlarged or "Missing" sella. PMID- 1228381 TI - The incidence of pineal calcification in the adult Singapore population. PMID- 1228382 TI - 3 case reports of Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 1228383 TI - Ramsay-Hunt syndrome with complete recovery of cranial nerves. PMID- 1228384 TI - Editorial: The case for a unified organization for post-graduate medical education. PMID- 1228385 TI - A survey of ward behaviour of long stay psychiatric patients. PMID- 1228386 TI - A study on mental retardation in Malaysian children. PMID- 1228387 TI - Smoking habits among medical students in the University of Malaya. PMID- 1228388 TI - Some observations of the typhoid outbreak in Sungai Padang, Perlis. PMID- 1228389 TI - A rational approach to infant feeding in the management of sugar intolerance associated with infantile enteritis. PMID- 1228390 TI - Prolonged formation of a cortical dominant focus by anodal polarization. PMID- 1228391 TI - Long lasting retention of cortical dominant focus in rabbit. PMID- 1228392 TI - Effects of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine on the concentration of brain noradrenaline and the level of plasma growth hormone of rats. PMID- 1228393 TI - Argon laser treatment of brain tumor sensitized with acridine orange. PMID- 1228395 TI - Hypersensitivity to glycyrrhizin. A case report. PMID- 1228394 TI - A new colorimetric method for alkaline phosphatase activity using alpha-naphthyl phosphate as a substrate. PMID- 1228396 TI - Kupperman's menopausal index in male subjects. PMID- 1228397 TI - [Legal questions related to blood transfusions]. PMID- 1228399 TI - [Quality control system for screening studies using the SMA 12/60 and the SMA 6/60 multiple analysers]. PMID- 1228398 TI - [Uric acid and gout]. PMID- 1228400 TI - [Cancer as the subject of congresses and research tasks]. PMID- 1228401 TI - [Pressure relationships in the thorax under normal and disease conditions]. PMID- 1228402 TI - [Minor surgery for those unexperienced in surgery]. PMID- 1228403 TI - [Exarticulation of the knee joint--a future standard amputation in the old age and in arterial occlusive disease?]. PMID- 1228404 TI - [Routine use of induced preoperative hemodilution in vascular surgery]. PMID- 1228405 TI - [Multidimensional presentation of peripheral arterial flow profiles with a Doppler ultrasonic procedure]. PMID- 1228406 TI - [Orthopedics in philately (2)]. PMID- 1228407 TI - [Acute blood vessel injuries due to clavicle fractures]. PMID- 1228408 TI - [Thermal damage of the common femoral artery following alloarthroplastic replacement of the hip joint]. PMID- 1228409 TI - [Effect of conjunctisan-A eye drops on lens opacities]. PMID- 1228410 TI - [Test strips for the very sensitive determination of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in urine]. PMID- 1228411 TI - A clinical trial of procarbazine plus vincristine plus bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea plus imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno in metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - Only a limited percentage of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma respond to single-agent chemotherapy. Vincristine, procarbazine, imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno (DTIC) and bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea (BCNU) have been used as single agents by various investigators. A response rate of +/- 20% was seen with vincristine (1-3) and BCNU (3, 4), and a response rate of 20-30% has been observed with DTIC (3, 5-8) and procarbazine (3, 9, 10). Newer agents such as triazeno imidazole carboxamide mustard (TIC mustard) (11), chloroethyl cyclohexyl nitrosourea (CCNU) (12), and chloroethyl methylcyclohexyl nitrosourea (methyl CCNU) (13) have not so far proved superior. During the last years various drug combinations have been tried in an effort to improve the results of treatment in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. In 1959 Moon reported objective response in 9 out of 20 patients who received a minimum of two courses of a combination of BCNU and vincristine (14). In a randomized trial performed by Acute Leukemia Group B (15), only 24% responded to this combination as compared to 32% and 29% for two different DTIC schedules. There were 120 patients who entered onto this protocol. A combination of DTIC plus cyclophosphamide plus vincristine was reported to give a 25% response (16). Workers at the Mayo Clinic reported objective response in 4 out of 18 patients treated with a combination of DTIC plus vincristine as compared to 1 out of 19 using CCNU (12). Costanza and co workers (Eastern Co-Operative Oncology Group study) reported that 12 out of 61 patients responded to treatment with DTIC plus BCNU as compared to 9 out of 51 on DTIC alone (17); while Cohen (18) and co-workers reported that 10 out of 16 patients treated with the triple combination of vincristine plus BCNU plus DTIC showed significant response and concluded that this combined approach in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma warranted further study. Preliminary analysis of an Eastern Co-Operative Oncology Group protocol showed no statistical advantage of DTIC plus methyl-CCNU over each drug on its own (19). The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible advantage of combining DTIC plus vincristine plus BCNU plus procarbazine in courses of treatment. All of these agents are of some value on their own and all four have possible different mechanisms of action. PMID- 1228413 TI - Prognosis of black children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - To assess the racial differences in survival of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, we analyzed data for 1,675 white and 126 black children, diagnosed from 1955 to 1969. Blacks had a significantly shorter median survival and lower one year and three-year survival rates than whites. There was substantial variation in racial differences by age. In addition, much of the variation between races seemed to be due to socioeconimic factors rather than strictly racial ones. Identification of the specific factors responsible for the poorer survival of children from lower social classes is sorely needed. PMID- 1228412 TI - Combination chemotherapy based on a model of cell recruitment by partial synchronization. AB - A noncomparative, phase II clinical trial on chemotherapy of leukemias and solid tumors has been undertaken. It has been attempted: (a) to synchronize cells by a first administration of an M-dependent agent (vincristine or VM 26) which blocks them during the mitotic phase (M) (this has been verified by the mitotic index), from where they start again to go into the other phases of the cycle, more or less at the same time (this has been verified by the labeling index) and (b) to destroy a greater number of cells by a second administration of cycle-dependent or phase-dependent agent(s). Remarkable results have been obtained, the most interesting one being apparently complete remissions or regressions given by the sequence of two agents in patients who during previous trials proved to be resistent to both agents administered separately. The chemotherapy protocols thus composed are administered intermittently, comprising cycles with free intervals, the duration of which depends on the time of the bone marrow and blood restoration. The hematological, immunological, and visceral tolerance is, on the whole, satisfactory. PMID- 1228414 TI - Intravenous catheter infection study: a prospective trial in patients with neoplastic disease. AB - This study was designed to determine the frequency and significance of infection at the site of indwelling intravenous catheters. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to have an intravenous infusion utilizing either a plastic cannula or or a short metal needle. Both of these groups were further randomly divided into two groups, one having the intravenous catheter removed every 48 hr and the other having the catheter changed only when necessary. One hundred and eighty-seven catheters from 50 patients were cultured. Eleven (5.9%) of the catheters were found to be colonized by organisms. Metal needles and plastic cannulas were infected with similar frequency. The incidence of local infection was not influenced by concurrent antibiotic therpy, local phlebitis, or the level of the granulocyte count during the period of intravenous infusion. Six of 31 catheter tips in place for longer than 56 hr were colonized by organisms, compared with 5 of 156 catheter tips in place for less than 56 hr (p less than 0.0001). The study indicates that indwelling intravenous catheters should be changed at least every 48 hr in order to prevent colonization of the tip of the intravenous catheter. PMID- 1228416 TI - [Meteorology and pollution]. PMID- 1228415 TI - Response of 65 measurable epidermoid bronchogenic tumors of known spontaneous doubling time to four different chemotherapeutic regimens--strategic deductions. AB - Variations in the dimensions of 65 bronchogenic epidermoid tumors of known spontaneous doubling time were studied under the influence of four chemotherapeutic regimens: cyclophosphamide, 19 cases; Mitomycin C, 20 cases; CCNU, 9 cases; and a five-drug combination, 17 cases. Several parameters were measured, and escape was defined as the moment in time when the growth curve during treatment became parallel to the spontaneous growth curve. The parameters measured were nature and distribution of responses (unchanged progression, slowing-down, plateau, regression), duration of response, time required to achieve maximum response, and time lapse between maximum response and escape. Regarding application to lung cancer, we have concluded from out results that Mitomycin C should replace cyclophosphamide in combination chemotherapeutic regimens. With regard to general strategy, our results suggest that the drug regimen should be changed as soon as maximum response is reached or immediately following the first course if progression continues unchanged. Moreover, in all of the 27 patients whose tumors regressed, escape occurred within less than three months from the onset of the treatment. In view of this fact and insofar as chemotherapy is considered for adjuvant therapy aiming at complete eradication, sequential combinations would be preferable to prolonged administration of a single agent or combination. PMID- 1228417 TI - [Sulfurous-salt hydropinotherapy in minor hepato-digestive pathology. Preliminary results with Acqua Marcia di Acqui]. PMID- 1228418 TI - [Little-known salutary waters]. PMID- 1228419 TI - [Comparative study of methods of potentiometric and spectrophotometric reading in Fricke's dosimetry]. PMID- 1228420 TI - Sr90 beta irradiator. PMID- 1228421 TI - [Lessons of physical climatology for physicians]. PMID- 1228422 TI - [Climatology of the vertical thermal gradient in the 1st 120 meters above the Po Plains]. PMID- 1228423 TI - [Therapeutic waters and thermal rehabilitation in chronic diseases of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 1228424 TI - [Spa treatment of respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 1228425 TI - [Physical climatology for physicians]. PMID- 1228426 TI - [Italian lakes in regard to current tourism]. PMID- 1228427 TI - Risk from ionizing radiations in the transport of radioactive materials. PMID- 1228428 TI - [Congenital abnormalities of the lower extremities: pseudoarthrosis of the fibula]. PMID- 1228429 TI - [A case of I-cell disease]. PMID- 1228430 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the neck in an infant. Possibility of diagnosis by ultrastructure]. PMID- 1228431 TI - [Familial translocation D/D]. PMID- 1228432 TI - [Consumption coagulopathies and connatal infections]. PMID- 1228433 TI - [A case of suspected laterocervical pseudoaneurysm]. PMID- 1228434 TI - [A case of ulcerative colitis in a 10 year old girl. Clinical and psychodiagnostic study]. PMID- 1228435 TI - [Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and its diagnostic limitations]. PMID- 1228436 TI - [Pigment incontinence type Block-Sulzberger. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1228437 TI - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. PMID- 1228438 TI - [True hermaphroditism, lateral variety. contribution to the ultrastructural study of the gonadal tissue]. PMID- 1228439 TI - [Infantile obesity with reference to its psychosomatic interpretation]. PMID- 1228440 TI - [Trisomy 13. Description of a case with rare malformations]. PMID- 1228441 TI - [Immunological and laboratory modifications in patients with acute rheumatoid arthritis. Considerations and comparisons between 128 patients treated with penicillin and lincomycin]. PMID- 1228442 TI - [A case of post-hepatitis bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 1228443 TI - [A case of 18q- studied by various methods (R,G and C bands)]. PMID- 1228444 TI - [Clinical considerations on 2 cases of congenital malformations in children born to mothers with chronic alcoholism. (1. Italian cases)]. PMID- 1228445 TI - [Some considerations on the education concerning the sexuality in the newborn and in infants]. PMID- 1228446 TI - [Hypogonadism in infancy]. PMID- 1228447 TI - [Radiological problems in neonatology. Handling of clinical problems]. PMID- 1228448 TI - [Sarcoma of the clivus. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 1228449 TI - [Case of sideroachrestic anemia sensitive to treatment with vitamin B6]. PMID- 1228450 TI - [Postoperative renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1228451 TI - [Partial replacement of the ureter with a Scurasil prosthesis]. PMID- 1228452 TI - [Use of the Dale and Laidlaw coagulometer in the assessment of blood coagulation in urologic patients]. PMID- 1228453 TI - [Case of ceco-vesical fistula]. PMID- 1228455 TI - [Zoon's plasma-cell balanitis]. PMID- 1228454 TI - [Recurrence of papilloma of the renal pelvis on the ureteral stump many years after nephrectomy]. PMID- 1228456 TI - [Unusual case of eosinophilic cystitis simulating carcinoma]. PMID- 1228457 TI - [Survival of a case of lesions of the vena cava with section of the right renal vascular peduncle in closed injury of the abdomen]. PMID- 1228458 TI - [Observations and treatment of 328 cases of bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 1228459 TI - [Renal biopsy in children]. PMID- 1228460 TI - [Granulomatous prostatitis]. PMID- 1228461 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of uretero-vaginal fistulae]. PMID- 1228463 TI - [Ureterocele]. PMID- 1228462 TI - [Case of metahemorrhagic pseudocyst of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 1228464 TI - [Urinary incontinence due to malformations]. PMID- 1228465 TI - [DNA fusion in the presence of catecholamines and substances close to them in structure]. AB - Using an Cphi-4A spectrophotometer (USSR), denaturation of DNA containing approximately 2% residual protein has been studied in the presence of catecholamines and their precursors: epinephrine, beta-3,4-dioxyphenylalanine, norepinephrine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. All these substances, excluding phenylalanine, induce positive excessive hyperchromicity (as compared to initial DNA). The correlation between this effect and molecular structures of the substances studied has been shown to exist. An increase of DNA hyperchromicity in the presence of catecholamines has been found to result from the oxygen presence in the aromatic rings of the catecholamines molecules. It is assumed that the interaction between the negative O-atoms in catecholamines and bivalent metal cations in the nucleoprotein complex weakens the DNA-protein binding. This leads to an additional disorientation due to the heat of nucleic acid bases, which were previously bound by the residual protein. PMID- 1228466 TI - [A theoretical conformational analysis of several substrates of cholinesterase having a cyclic ammonium group structure]. AB - Conformational possibilities of pirrolidine analogues of acetylcholine beta-(N methyl pirrolidinium)-ethyl ester of acetic acid and beta-(N-ethyl pirrolidinium) ethyl ester of acetic acid and beta-(N-ethyl pirrolidinium)-ethyl ester of acetic acid were investigated by the method of atomic potentials. The conformational energy was considered as a sum of non-bonded and electrostatical interactions, torsional energy and distortions of bond angles. It has been shown that the replacement of the nitrogen methyl group to ethyl group results in decrease of the average barrier height between two gauche conformations of the O--C--C--N fragment. Comparison of conformational properties of some cholinesterase substrates permit to draw a suggestion that the barrier height influences the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 1228467 TI - [The effect of acridine dyes on the molecular structure of DNA]. AB - DNA--acriflavin complexes have been investigated by the methods of flow birefringence and viscometry. The intrinsic viscosity and the optic anysotropy of the complex increase with the increasing quantities of binding dye. Experimental data are treated on the basis of different models of binding. At high ionic strength (mu = 0,1) one type of binding takes place which is described by the intercalation model. In this case the thermodynamic rigidity of DNA-molecule within the complex is proportional to "r". In solutions of low ionic strength (mu = 0,001), two types of DNA-acriflavin binding occur: intercalation and external binding. At low ionic strength, the spectrophotometric titration technique is shown to give a reduced value of "r". PMID- 1228468 TI - [The interaction between newly-formed mRNA and ribosomal particles during retarded translation]. AB - The formation of polyribosomes in mouse liver cells at the reduced-rate translation was studied by treatment with cycloheximide (CHI) and aurintricarboxylic (ATA) acid. An increase of polypeptide synthesis time by 1.7 2.7 times (0.5 mg CHI per 25 g of weight or 15 mg ATA per 25 g) leads to a delay of the entrance of newly formed cytoplasmic D-RNA into polyribosomes. These results are in agreement with the model of polyribosome formation from ribonucleoprotein precursors containing cytoplasmic D-RNA. On the other hand, in the presence of a CHI dose (5 mg/25 g) causing a dramatic (240-fold) increase of polypeptide synthesis time, the kinetics of entrance of newly formed D-RNA into polyribosomes does not differ from the normal one, and amount of the incorporated mRNA is even somewhat higher than under normal conditions. It is suggested that in this situation ribosomes are moving along the newly formed mRNA, and their movement is not accompanied by the synthesis of completed polypeptide chain. PMID- 1228469 TI - [Fusion of complexes of DNA and extended ligands]. AB - The theory of melting of DNA complexes with extended ligands (ties) is considered. Influence of ties interacting electorally with certain DNA regions and influence of extender ties, interacting unelectorally on the helix coil transition parameters is compared. It has been shown that both types of ties cause, coincided qualitatively, but differed quantatively, shifts of melting temperature and change of the melting range width of DNA. Comparison of theory with experiment in the case of DNA complexes with ribonuclease is given. PMID- 1228470 TI - [The influence of proteins bound to single-stranded DNA on RNA and poly(A) synthesis. I. Antibodies against DNA]. AB - The influence of antibodies to DNA of T4 and SPOI phages as well as to DNA of E. coli on RNA and poly(A) synthesis by E. coli RNA polymerase has been studied. Antibodies to the phage DNA specifically inhibit RNA and poly(A) synthesis by 30 to 60% only in case of homologous DNA, the stage of elongation being inhibited predominantly. A comparison between the effects of the antibodies upon different stages of RNA synthesis on the native DNA and on the synthetic oligonucleotide template (dT)12 allows to draw a conclusion that upon inhibition of the synthesis the antibodies interact with a single-stranded site of the template not covered with RNA polymerase molecule, this site being formed during transcription of double-stranded DNA. PMID- 1228471 TI - [Analysis of conditions for the quasistability of the process of polynucleotide renaturation]. PMID- 1228472 TI - [Ribonucleoproteins containing mRNA in the cytoplasm of mouse plasmacytoma cells]. AB - The rapidly labelled postribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) found in the cytoplasm of mouse plasmacytoma cells were investigated. It has been shown that 45S and 80S particles contain relatively high molecular weight (approximately 12-17S) pulse labelled RNA similar to the polyribosomal mRNA. No other postribosomal RNP was found which would contain an RNA with similar sedimentation characteristics. In CsC1 density gradients, the postribosomal RNP gives two peaks. One of them, the rapidly labelled component (rho 1.52 g/cm3) is found only in 45S RNP. The other rapidly labelled component (rho 1.36-1.41 g/cm3) is revealed in all investigated regions of sucrose gradients. The latter contains relatively low molecular weight RNA (approximately7-9S). These RNP are supposed to be informosome-like particles. The components with a buoyant density of 1.52 g/cm3 may represent an mRNP-45S subparticles complex. The rapidly labelled mRNA of 80S particles is released after EDTA treatment in the form of mRNP with a buoyant density of 1.45-1.47 g/cm3. PMID- 1228473 TI - [Accomplishments and perspectives of health services development in the next 5 years in Socialist Republic of Macedonia]. PMID- 1228475 TI - [Problem of organization, work and competence of the Institute for Health Protection in the Socialist Republic of Serbia]. PMID- 1228474 TI - [Reorganization of national health services in England-an event worth knowing by world health professionals]. AB - Based on the experience gained on the study tour through Great Britain, authors present their observations on health service in this country. A direct reason for the study tour was a desire of Great Britain to provide to health care planners of other countries an insignt into the status of health care system resulting from the last reorganization in 1974. In the introductory part, presented are essential data on health service and a review of basic concepts. A special emphasis is given to the uniformity of the service, provision of comprehensive care as well as to an encouragement of general practitioners to take central positions in the united health service. Further, details on reorganized system and an evaluation of these changes are presented. Shown are data on rationality of service and through a comparison with other countries it is concluded that health service of Great Britain is probably most rational in the western hemisphere. Finally, authors express their belief that further advancement and organizational improvement of the service will be made. PMID- 1228476 TI - [Place of an intensive care unit in the organization of regional health care]. PMID- 1228477 TI - [Workers without absenteeism-how many of them?]. PMID- 1228478 TI - [Protective effect of oxime in phosphamidon poisoning]. PMID- 1228479 TI - [Unrecognized aneurysms of the circle of Willis]. AB - The authors present, among 200 intracranial arterial aneurysms, 13 cases where the angiographic diagnosis of the aneurysm had been difficult. Among them, there were ten mistakes through default, and four mistakes through excess. Angiographic studies were done early, about the third day following subarachnoidal hemorrhage, so that conscious patients may have rapid surgery. The main diagnosis defaults were observed in aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery (cases 1, 2, 3, 4, 6), where the flexurae and arterial anomalies explain the diagnostic mistakes; double anterior cerebral artery, median anterior cerebral artery of Lazorthes, early origin of the frontopolar artery or of the callosomarginal artery. The aneurysms of the posterior wall of the carotid bifurcation, were hidden by this artery in the A.P. view and by the middle cerebral artery in the profile view (cases 5 and 7). Oblique views are necessary for the two localizations of these aneurysms. The middle cerebral aneurysms (case 8) may be hidden by a bony superposition. The Ziedses des Plantes subtraction method obviates this diagnostic default. Aneurysms of the peripheral branches of cerebral arteries (case 9) are filled later and slightly. Aneurysms of an artery less than 3 mm wide (posterior communicating artery, lenticular artery) are difficult to discriminate from their enlarged infundibulum (case 10). The small size of the aneurysm is not the only explanation of the difficult diagnosis. Indeed, few aneurysms are not evidenced by the first angiography, done at an early stage, even if any spasms exist. Only repeated angiographies could show the aneurysm particularly in young people. We repeat the angiography 15 to 20 days after the first one, and even some months later. In two young patients, angiographic studies were repeated a few times in three years and were normal; but after four years in one case and five years in the other, a new subarachnoidal hemorrhage occurred, and only then was the aneurysm shown by a new angiography (cases 4 and 5). In our series, the angiographic spasm could not afford an explanation for the diagnostic default. This, soon after the subarachnoidal hemorrhage, might be explained by the hemostatic clot which compresses or plugs the aneurysm. Further, the clot's lysis occurs, and the aneurysm can be evident. A double conlcusion must be drawn: --first, the angiography must be repeated if the image is dubious; the angiographic technique must be perfect and varied (oblique view, subtraction method, enlargement technique). Mistakes through excess, leading to useless operations, are as dangerous as mistakes through default; --secondly, great care should be exerted when reading and interpreting the X-ray films in the post operative period in order to evaluate the surgical results, as well as in the preoperative period. PMID- 1228480 TI - [Pneumographic signs of poorly compensated hydrocephalus]. AB - A definition of "Hydrocephalus not completely arrested" is not easy to be given. Cerebral pneumography represents the most detailed neuroradiological examination. In spite of this, neither its analysis nor its measurements bring definite criteria for the favorable moment of locating a shunting system in that case. These criteria are reviewed systemetically. It is pointed out that only a careful synthesis of all signs can give a univoque answer, may be doubtful but never wrong. It is suggested from the personal experience that radioisotope cisternography is better suited for judging the state of compensation of an hydrocephalus. Radioisotopes do that without undue risks. It may be but one good reason for explaining the annual decrease in the number of pneumo encephalographies (PEG) registered almost everywhere in the world. Other factors may be involved. No doubt that PEG has lost its first place in the study of patients who may have some kind of non tumoral hydrocephalus. PMID- 1228482 TI - [Cerebral metastases, clinical study and therapeutic indications. A propos of 37 cases]. PMID- 1228481 TI - [Traumatic obliteration of the middle cerebral artery. Pathogenic considerations]. AB - Report on one case of traumatic obliteration of the middle cerebral artery together with a review of the pathogenetic theories published till presently on this subject. Three factors are retained in the case object of the present work: -compression of the arterial wall in the Sylvian fissure, as a consequence of contusion and cerebral edema, --disorders in the platelets aggregation, --high blood pressure. PMID- 1228483 TI - [Posterior osteosynthesis in the treatment of spinal cord tumors]. AB - Prognosis of cancerous tumors of the spine depends above all on their neurological consequences. The authors have wondered whether osteosynthesis of the spine -- in addition to decompressive surgery -- can improve patient's survival and fonctional results. 23 patients, 20 with a metastatic tumor and 3 with a plasmocytoma were treated in this way. All of them had neurological deficits, 4 had isolated radicular symptoms, 1 a cauda equina syndrome and 18 a spinal cord compression (7 of which were complete). 20 of these patients suffered intractable pain of the spine. All the patients underwent decompressive surgical removal of tumor through laminectomy, associated with a bilateral posterior metallic osteosynthesis. The type of osteosynthesis consisted of two metallic plates placed along each articular column and screwed into the articular processes and the vertebral body through the pedicles of the adjacent normal vertebrae. Cobaltotherapy was added in 14 cases, hormonotherapy in one case and radioactive 131 1 in one another patient. Selective spinal angiography, performed in one case of thoracolumbar tumor was found useful in the location and avoidance of Adamkiedwicz's artery. With regard to the complication, there were two operative wound infections requiring reoperation. Our series -- in comparaison with others -- prove the effectiveness of the combined procedure. Patients without complete spinal deficit had a 20 months survival average. Patients with complete deficit had the same survival as in comparative group. But all the 20 patients suffering pain in the spine were substantially relieved. Such a combined procedure is indicated in cases of tumors involving the vertebrae, whether or not the epidural space is invaded especially when there are riskes of unstable fracture and only partial neurological deficits. The technique may be extended even to complete paraplegia because of its worth while antalgic effects. Thus this method -- by consolidating the spine -- relieving pain and consequently allowing kinesitherapy to be resumed earlier is able to improve the functionnal status and increase survival of the patients. PMID- 1228484 TI - [Prognostic elements at early stapes of severe spinal cord injuries (value of pain sensitivity]. AB - The prognosis in serious spinal cord injury remains difficult. The neurologist has a large number of elements at his disposal, but their reliability is uncertain. Clinical information, experimental work and recent data on medullar vascularization makes it possible to isolate diagramatically in the spinal cord a medium layer which contains the pyramidal and spino-thalamic tracts. The neighbourhood of these two fasciculi confers them a similar vulnerability to severe injury. Thus when an injured tetraplegic or paraplegic patient recovers his sensitivity to pain, he finally must recover his motor function and on the contrary, the recovery of motility is impossible without a return of pain sens. Clinical observation is in consequence of major importance as it shows that the recovery of sensitivity to pain, in the case of a patient with a serious spinal cord injury, is an argument for a favourable prognosis, whereas the recovery of an isolated tact perception does not in itself makes it possible to hope for eventual recovery of motor power. PMID- 1228485 TI - [The neurosurgical forms of Hurst's acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis]. AB - Within the group of acute encephalitis, H.A.H.L. is individualized mostly by its post mortem pathology. But several cases of recovery were recently published, the diagnostic being based on biopsy material. In 4 of our 8 cases, a comparison between the biopsy and post mortem examinations was possible : in/the diagnostic of H.A.H.L. was unequivocally confirmed, in 2 H.A.H.L. is nearly certain, in 1 it is doubtful. These considerations do not contradict the necessity of an emergency brain decompression in many instances of acute encephalitic states. PMID- 1228486 TI - [Variations of the cerebral blood flow after hyperbaric oxygenation in traumatic coma]. AB - We have previously shown (Ref. I) the absence of variations in average cerebral blood flow, measured by the method of LASSEN, following treatment of traumatic coma by means of hyperbaric oxygenation patients presenting with brainstem contusion, during 2 hours of HBO (at 2.5 times atmospheric pressure) measurements of cerebral blood flow were made using a single detecting probe, before and two hours after terminating HBO. Measurements in 9 patients demonstrated variations in cerebral flow greater than predicted by experimental error (+/- 4%): 5 measurements (these with initial flow less than 31 ml/mn/100 g increased following OHB, while 4 measurements (these with initial flow greater than 31 ml/mn/100 g) decreased following OHB. In order to determine the significance of these variations, we studied the correlation between two methods of calculating cerebral blood flow : the exponential (bicompartimental) method, and the stochastic method, assuming lambda the coefficient of partition, tobe equal to I. These two method of calculation appear to be independant ; thus, the observed correlation (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01) tends to validite the measured variations in flow. This finding is further supported by the calculated correlation between the change in flow as measured by the exponential and that measured by the stochastic method (r = 0.684, p less than 0.05). Thus, we feel that measured changes in flow represent changes in cerebral perfusion, and cannot be attributed to the method of calculation. The bio exponential method of calculation of flow, D = Dg + Dw (with Dg = fg. Wg = "index of grey perfusion" and Dw = fw. Ww = "index of white perfusion", where fg = lambda1. (see article), and where Wg and Ww represent the percentage of the grey and white substance) permit calculation of a highly significant correlation between the change in flow and the grey perfusion index (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01). This correlation, previously described in the literature, appears to explain the observed findings in terms of the variations in perfusion of the grey compartment. However, there exists an equally significant correlation, but negative, between the variations of the grey and white perfusion index (r = 0.824, p less than 0.01). This correlation seems to indicate the presence of an inverse relationship between flow to grey and white substances, tending to minimize the variations of the total flow after OHB. We can then formulate an explanatory hypothesis: if one assumes that the diminution of intracranial pressure during OHB, by decreasing cerebral edema, hastens the recovery of perfusion in the damaged zones, then the response to therapy with hyperbaric oxygenation should differ, depending on whether the tissues were healthy or damaged. Healthy tissues should show a decrease, while damaged zones should show an increase in flow following OHB. This mechanism would appear to explain, in relation to lesions located predominantly in grey or white matter, the observed negative correlation between blood flow to the two compartments. PMID- 1228487 TI - [Frontobasal injuries and csf fistulas. Attempt at an anatomoclinical classification. Therapeutic incidence]. AB - The authors present a classification of trauma to the cranial base, based on observation in 80 cases. There are five types. Type I : involves only the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. Type II : involves the face (craniofacial disjunction of the Lefort II type or crush face) and extend upward to the cranial base and, in occurency, to the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, because of the facial retrusion. Type III : ivolves frontal part of the skull and extend down to the cranial base. Type IV : is a combination of types II and III. Type V : involves only ethmoidal or sphenoidal bones. Cerebrospinal fluid leak is unfrequent in types II, and transitionnal, if it occurs ; but it often occurs in types III, IV and V which include in every case a dural tear. Correct diagnosis facilitates treatment. Fractures of types I and II can be fully treated by maxillo-facial surgeons, whereas for types III, IV, and V, they need the help of a neuro-surgeon. PMID- 1228488 TI - [Nephrographic study with 131 iodine hippuran in surgical diseases of the uropoietic apparatus]. AB - Personal experience with 131I-Hippuran nephrography, particularly in surgical cases, is described. The examination is a useful aid to the diagnosis diagnosis of recent colic and in the investigation of cases where a negative finding has been obtained with other radiological means. Its pre- and post-operative employment in the evaluation of renal function is also discussed. PMID- 1228489 TI - [Statistical analysis of correlations between tonsillectomy and malignant neoplasms of the thyroid]. AB - An analysis of correlations between tonsillectomized patients with thyroid cancer and a control group with respect to sex, histological type and blood group did not throw up anything of statistical significance. Of great statistical significance, however, was the age factor in sufferers from malignant cancer, whether or not their tonsils had been removed; in fact tonsillectomized subjects were affected by malignant cancer at a younger age than those who had not undergone the operation. It is concluded that, at the moment of greatest immunological production, the tonsils seem to represent a barrier to the onset of malignant cancer in general, and thyroid types in particular. PMID- 1228490 TI - [Statistical notes on the age and survival of 178 patients operated for malignant breast tumors]. AB - Age and survival data in a series of 178 patients operated for malignant breast tumour during the period 1957-67 are statistically assessed. The mean survival period was 9 yr. Young subjects had a greater chance of survival, while their mortality rate was the lowest after the fifth year. PMID- 1228491 TI - [Potential of the esophageal, gastric and duodenal mucosa in normal subjects]. PMID- 1228492 TI - [Intravenous lipid tolerance test in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1228493 TI - [Secretory and hormonal features of the protopathic functional gastric hyposthenic syndrome]. PMID- 1228494 TI - [Blood lipid picture in patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 1228495 TI - [Preliminary endoscopic evaluation of the antiulcer action of sulglycotide]. PMID- 1228496 TI - [Endoscopic study of the duodenal bulb: comparison with radiological findings]. PMID- 1228498 TI - [Current status of enteroscopy]. PMID- 1228497 TI - [Fibroendoscopy in the diagnosis of postoperative peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1228499 TI - [Glycopeptide sulfate in the treatment of gastritis and of gastric and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 1228501 TI - [The physiopathology of menopause. Introduction to the theme]. PMID- 1228500 TI - [2 cases of Brunner's glands adenoma of the duodenum]. PMID- 1228503 TI - [Psychopathological aspects of menopause]. PMID- 1228502 TI - [Current concept of the hormonal state in menopause]. PMID- 1228504 TI - [Gonadotropin secretion in menopause]. PMID- 1228505 TI - [Clinical problems of menopause]. PMID- 1228506 TI - [Modern concepts of menopausal therapy]. PMID- 1228507 TI - [5 cases of uterine sarcoma]. PMID- 1228508 TI - [Serious complications of septic abortions. Pelviperitoneal complications (II)]. PMID- 1228509 TI - [Case of vaginal enterocele : notes on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of prolapse following hysterectomy]. PMID- 1228510 TI - [Problem of maternal phenylketonuria]. PMID- 1228511 TI - [Intraepithelial carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Clinico-diagnostic studies and therapy in 90 cases]. PMID- 1228512 TI - [Intrapartum unitary parameters preselected by computer using the ultrasonic Alert-biophysical systems]. PMID- 1228513 TI - [Sonar in the diagnosis of threatened abortion]. PMID- 1228514 TI - [Respiratory autogenic training in the psychological obstetric preparation for childbirth]. PMID- 1228515 TI - [Rheo-ophthalmography in diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 1228516 TI - [Ophthalmochromoscopic characteristics of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 1228517 TI - [Campimetric studies in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1228518 TI - [Effect of blood sugar level on the volume of accommodation in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1228519 TI - [Complex diagnosis of intraocular neoplasms by the method of radiophosphorus examination and posterior diaphanoscopy]. PMID- 1228520 TI - [Regeneration of nerve fibers of the optic nerve (the 3rd neuron of optic pathway)]. PMID- 1228521 TI - [Comparative study of clinical course of experimental glaucoma and transitory ocular hypertension and possibility of their differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1228522 TI - [Significance of accommodation spasm in the pathogenesis of mixed astigmatism and its correction in the presence of anisometropia]. PMID- 1228523 TI - [Genetic heterogeneity of retinoblastoma cells]. PMID- 1228524 TI - [Changes in the main functions of macula lutea after the use of ultrasonics in complex treatment of complicated myopia]. PMID- 1228525 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the optic nerve]. PMID- 1228526 TI - [Papain electrophoresis in treatment of eye diseases]. PMID- 1228527 TI - [Role of metabolic disorders in the decline of visual functions, and certain problems of conservative treatment of patients with glaucoma]. PMID- 1228528 TI - [Remote observations of microstructures of the anterior chamber angle after anti glaucoma operations]. PMID- 1228530 TI - [Mechanism of voluntary nystagmus]. PMID- 1228529 TI - [Changes in the functional state of cardiovascular system before and after extraction of senile cataract]. PMID- 1228531 TI - [Changes in the organ of vision in persons working with synthetic urethane rubber]. PMID- 1228532 TI - [Study of bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex in dysbinocular amblyopia according to electroencephalographic data]. PMID- 1228533 TI - [Scientific work Organization at the Center of Child Vision Protection in Krivoi Rog]. PMID- 1228534 TI - [Rare case of favorable outcome in extensive penetrating injury of the eyeball with intraocular foreign body]. PMID- 1228535 TI - [Iris-retractor for cataract extraction with preservation of the round pupil]. PMID- 1228536 TI - Combined modality therapy for localized Hodgkin's disease. A seven-year update of an early study. AB - Some clinical trials have indicated that combination therapy with intensive radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy significantly prolongs the disease free interval of patients with Hodgkin's disease confined to lymph nodes. The present report updates the results of a small previously published study of combined-modality treatment of stages I and II Hodgkin's disease. Although patients tested with radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy have the longest median complete remission duration, patients treated with radiation alone have a superior survival rate. Follow-up in this study ranges from 34 to 93 months after the completion of all therapy. PMID- 1228537 TI - Hydrazine sulfate and preneoplastic exfoliated cells. AB - Animal experiments and most encouraging clinical trials substantiate that hydrazine sulfate inhibits the paraneoplastic systemic energy-losing cycle. The question arises: could hydrazine sulfate offer an alternative to surgery for patients with preneoplastic exfoliated cells? Research data indicate that clinical trials are appropriate. PMID- 1228538 TI - Redistribution of radiocolloid uptake after focal hepatic radiation. AB - A woman with colonic carcinoma metastatic to the liver received 2,200 rad external beam radiation to the right hepatic lobe. A repeat liver scan, 2 months after conclusion of radiation therapy, showed a shift in the distribution of radiocolloid uptake to the left lobe and spleen. This altered pattern was likely related to the large volume of hepatic tissue included in the radiation portal, with damage to the radiated area. The clinician must be alert to abnormalities induced not only by neoplastic disease, but by the therapy utilized. PMID- 1228539 TI - A study on delayed hypersensitivity aspects of immune response in patients with carcinoma of bronchus in relation to radiotherapy. AB - Results of a preliminary study on the delayed hypersensitivity aspects of immune response in 45 patients with carcinoma of bronchus revealed by sequential skin testing are presented. Short-term prognosis and the immune reactivity thus studied appear to be well correlated. Anergy before treatment and allergy changing to anergy following radiotherapy tend to be associated with grave prognosis and conversely persistently allergic patients fare better at least on short-term prognosis. Contrary to the usual impression that radiations are immunodepressant, this study reveals increased skin tests reactivity following radiotherapy in 7 out of 17 immunocompetent patients. Recent literature on human and animal studies appear to support this phenomenon of increased immune reactivity in certain situations following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The few publications are reviewed. A much more elaborate controlled in vivo and in vitro study is now underway to reveal the immune profile of patients with cancer particularly in relation to radiotherapy. PMID- 1228541 TI - The ribosomes of the Novikoff tumor cells: isolation, general properties and electrophoretic analysis of the protein moiety. AB - The ribosomes from Novikoff tumor and rat liver cells were extracted, purified and analyzed. The isolated ribosomes are active in Poly-U directed Poly-Phe synthesis. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that the Novikoff tumor cells contained, in contrast to liver cells, almost no polysomes. The ribosomal proteins from the ribosomes were extracted and subsequently analyzed by gel electrophoresis. No differences between the ribosomal proteins of the normal and neoplastic cells could be detected by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Two-dimensional urea gel electrophoresis showed great similarities between the ribosomal proteins of the two kinds of cells. However some differences could be detected. PMID- 1228540 TI - Effects of selected sulfhydryl inhibitors on nonhistone chromosomal proteins of HeLa cells. AB - Effects of the SH inhibitor sodium iodoacetate, alone and with adjuncts menadiol diphosphate, sodium malonate, sodium fluoride and heparin, on incorporation of tryptophane-3 H into nonhistone chromosomal proteins of HeLa cells were examined. The drugs block incorporation of tryptophane-3 H into nonhistone chromosomal proteins far more than incorporation of leucine-3 H into total cellular proteins. Drug effects on thymidine phosphorylation and DNA synthesis in HeLa cells exceed corresponding effects on fibroblasts from normal healing wounds. PMID- 1228542 TI - A critical analysis of xeroradiography of the breast. AB - Xeroradiography is a process that utilizes an electrostatically charged selenium coated aluminum plate to record the radiographic image instead of the familiar X ray film, and employs the same basic principles of positioning and exposure technique used in conventional film mammography. The latent image of charges remaining on the selenium plate after exposure to X-rays is developed with a coating of blue toner powder, and transferred to a special plastic-coated paper for interpretation and permanent storage. Resolution in xeroradiography is adequate and, combined with the characteristic edge enhancement, allows clear visualization of the fine internal structures of the breast. Xeroradiography is proposed to have the following advantages over film mammography: easier to interpret, requires less radiation, greater detail, a more rapid, easier, dry developing process, and is probably more accurate. Reports from several centers of xeroradiography reveal increased confidence in mammographic interpretation and in increase in the diagnosis of minimal breast cancers. PMID- 1228543 TI - Morphological alterations induced in organ cultures of human fetal trachea and bronchi by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). AB - Human fetal respiratory tract was exposed to the action of N-nitrosodiethyl-amine (DEN), a potent carcinogen for other species, in a organ culture system. The dose of 15 mul/ml DEN elicited an intensive proliferative response of the respiratory epithelium while higher doses were toxic. PMID- 1228544 TI - Inducing tumor immunity by specific tumor antigens. AB - A handy experimental model for testing anti-tumor agents and for studying tumor immunity is the use of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in Long-Evans hooded rats. This neoplasm is so easily transplantable and growth is so rapid that a large series of animals can be studied in a relatively short period of time. PMID- 1228545 TI - Quantification of CEA in human gastrointestinal cancers grown in in vitro long term organotype culture. AB - Two malignant tumors of the human gastrointestinal tract (obtained surgically) have been cultivated in vitro in long-term organotypic tissue culture. Of these line AZ110 (maintained for 6 years) originated from a primary adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon, whereas line Z200 (grown for 14 years) originated from a hepatic metastatic nodule of a gastric adenocarcinoma. Extracts of these tumors and comparable surgical specimens were evaluated quantitatively for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using radioimmunoassay. Both cultured lines exhibited CEA levels that were somewhat higher than comparable surgical specimens. PMID- 1228546 TI - Epidemiological trends of tuberculosis in low and high prevalence countries. PMID- 1228547 TI - Tuberculosis and its control in Indonesia. PMID- 1228549 TI - Cryosurgery of massive recurrent cancer. PMID- 1228548 TI - IVth International Symposium on the Locoregional Treatment of Tumors. IV. Cryosurgery: Rapporteur's introduction. PMID- 1228550 TI - Application of low temperatures in brain surgery. A critical review based upon an experience of 10 years' duration. PMID- 1228551 TI - Cryosurgery for the treatment of neoplasms of the oral cavity. PMID- 1228552 TI - Cryosurgery for hemangiomas. PMID- 1228553 TI - Cryosurgery for oral cancer. Technique and five-year survival. PMID- 1228554 TI - Cryosurgery in metastatic malignant melanoma. PMID- 1228555 TI - Results with cryotherapy in skin tumours. PMID- 1228556 TI - Long-term results of cryotherapy in the management of inoperable carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 1228557 TI - Locoregional treatment of tumors. Arterial radiotherapy. Rapporteur's introduction. PMID- 1228558 TI - Treatment of cancer by the intra-arterial injection of radioactive isotopes. PMID- 1228559 TI - Locoregional treatment of neoplasms by radioactive infarct particles introduced via arterial catheterization. PMID- 1228560 TI - The treatment of metastatic cancer of the liver from primary cancers of the rectum and colon. Results of different means of therapy. PMID- 1228561 TI - Regional internal radiation for hepatic cancer. PMID- 1228562 TI - Personal experience with endoarterial radiotherapy in 8 cases of renal tumour. PMID- 1228563 TI - [Proceedings: Histopathology and immunofluorescence of myxovirus hepatitis in sensitive and genetically resistant mice]. PMID- 1228564 TI - Proceedings: In vitro assessment of virus-induced tumor immunity in the adenovirus/hamster system. PMID- 1228565 TI - [Proceedings: Determination of the combined effects of antibacterial drugs by means of gradient plates]. PMID- 1228566 TI - [Proceedings: The efficacy testing of Salmonella typhi vaccines in animal experiments]. PMID- 1228567 TI - [Proceedings: Comparative study of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases in salmonellae]. PMID- 1228568 TI - [Proceedings: Early identification of antibiotics in a screening program using streptothricin as an example]. PMID- 1228569 TI - Loffler's endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis. Pathological aspects. PMID- 1228570 TI - Endocarditis parietalis eosinophilica-are there idiopathic forms? PMID- 1228571 TI - Endocardial fibroelastosis. PMID- 1228572 TI - African human trypanosomal pancarditis involving the conduting system and all valves. PMID- 1228573 TI - Medionecrosis aortae. PMID- 1228575 TI - Unexplained pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 1228574 TI - Early inflammatory changes in thromboangiitis obliterans. PMID- 1228576 TI - Pathological features of thromboangiitis obliterans and arteritis temporalis and some unusual manifestations. PMID- 1228577 TI - Pathology of Buerger's disease. Clinico-pathologico-angiographic correlation. PMID- 1228578 TI - Endarteritis obliterans or arteriosclerosis obliterans. PMID- 1228579 TI - Geographic patterns of immunity and vascular disease. PMID- 1228580 TI - Arterial lesions in polymyalgia arteritica. PMID- 1228581 TI - Vascular lesions in intracranial tuberculosis. PMID- 1228583 TI - Proceedings: Introductory address. PMID- 1228582 TI - Phlebitis saltans, symptom or disease entity. PMID- 1228584 TI - Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. PMID- 1228585 TI - Proceedings: Plexiform Lesions. PMID- 1228586 TI - Proceedings: The epidemic of primary pulmonary hypertension in Europe. PMID- 1228587 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension, an unexplained epidemic in Sri Lanka. PMID- 1228588 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 1228589 TI - Proceedings: Epidemiological remarks. Discussion. PMID- 1228590 TI - Discussion remarks; cellular contraction in pulmonary hypertensive disease. PMID- 1228591 TI - Pathology of endocarditis parietalis eosinophilica Loffler. PMID- 1228592 TI - Endocardial fibrosis and eosinophilia. PMID- 1228593 TI - Skeletal effects of cholesterol feeding. AB - The effect of a 4% supplement of cholesterol to a standard diet on knee joints and vertebral columns was investigated in male mice of strain C57B1. The experimental diet was fed from the time of weaning through the 18-month period of observation or from the age of 1 year to the end of the experiment at 18 months of age. The incidence of osteoarthrosis was increased in mice fed cholesterol from the age of 12 months on. The incidence of spondylosis was increased after lifelong feeding as well as after feeding of cholesterol during the second year of life. This increase involved both, spondylosis associated with or uncomplicated by prolapse of intervertebral discs. The incidence of simple disc prolapse was not affected by the experimental diet. PMID- 1228594 TI - Presence of HBsAg in the bile of subjects with acute HBsAg viral hepatitis. AB - During acute HBsAg serum positive viral hepatitis, the surface antigen was not detectable in duodenal bile but was almost always present in gallbladder and hepatic bile when cholecystokinin was intravenously administered. The immunologic nondemonstrability of HBsAg in duodenal bile is probably due to the presence of a factor elaborated by the intestinal mucosa. The possible role played by this factor in the non transmission of type B viral hepatitis via faecal-oral route is suggested. PMID- 1228595 TI - [Editorial: Pathology of the so-called idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 1228596 TI - The role of macrophages in the cytotoxic killing of tumour cells in vitro. II. The morphology and ultrastructure of target cell - macrophage interaction in vitro. PMID- 1228597 TI - [Histopathological aspects of the intestinal mucosa in chronic hepatitis of the child]. PMID- 1228598 TI - [Analysis of proteins and phospholipids in human amniotic fluid. II. Study of a lipoprotein fraction characteristic of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1228599 TI - [Mixed (gliosarcomatous) nature of giant-cell sarcoma of the brain]. PMID- 1228601 TI - [Erythron reactivity in hypoxemic states in children with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1228600 TI - [Iron metabolism in microfocal pneumonia in young children]. PMID- 1228602 TI - [Importance of certain cellular reactions for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1228603 TI - [Differential diagnosis of tuberculous intoxication in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1228604 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of chronic tonsillogenic staphylococcal intoxication in preschool and schoolchildren]. PMID- 1228605 TI - [Changes in the blood energy system in children with a diagnosis of lingering subfebrile states]. PMID- 1228606 TI - [Use of cerebrolysin and ATP in treating infantile cerebral paralysis]. PMID- 1228607 TI - [Retabolil and nerobolil treatment of children with familial spastic paralysis]. PMID- 1228608 TI - [Clinical morphological changes in simple hypertrophic hemangiomas following their ultrasonic irradiation]. PMID- 1228609 TI - [Duodenal intubation of nursing infants]. PMID- 1228610 TI - [2 observations of esophageal achalasia in children]. PMID- 1228611 TI - [Clinical aspects of viral and staphylococcal pneumonias in childeren]. PMID- 1228613 TI - [Zinc content in the blood of the mother and fetus and in the placenta and amniotic fluid in full-term and premature labor]. PMID- 1228612 TI - [Serotonin content and its metabolic pathways in the biological media of the fetoplacental complex in the dynamics of labor]. PMID- 1228614 TI - [Intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure indices by a puncture-less method in newborn infants with intracranial birth trama who were born with the aid of cesarean section surgery]. PMID- 1228615 TI - [Some data on the state of the blood coagulation system in the newborn infants of mothers with arterial hypotension]. PMID- 1228617 TI - [Comparative evaluation of some laboratory methods of diagnosing pregnancy]. PMID- 1228616 TI - [Changes in certain enzymes in young children with pneumonia]. PMID- 1228618 TI - [Clinical and experimental characteristics of the effectiveness of the method of chorionic tissue implantation in the early periods of pregnancy in the overall treatment of inflammatory processes of the female genitalia]. PMID- 1228619 TI - [Sex chromatin, an index of the activity of an inflammatory process of the genitalia]. PMID- 1228620 TI - [Sarcoma of the corpus uteri]. PMID- 1228622 TI - [Respiratory arrest after the intravenous administration of promedol]. PMID- 1228621 TI - [Effect of vaccum extraction of the development of the newborn infant based on the results of immediate and late observation]. PMID- 1228623 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the uterus in the 11th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 1228624 TI - [Tissue respiration indices in pneumonia in children]. PMID- 1228625 TI - [Some problems of the etiology, clinical aspects and the overall therapy of acute digestive disorders in young children]. PMID- 1228626 TI - [Use of vitamin A preparations in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal diseases in infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 1228627 TI - [Makeup of the intestinal microflora in healthy nursing infants at various times of year]. PMID- 1228628 TI - [Some indices of the functional state of the stomach in children with liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 1228629 TI - [Macroerg metabolism in chronic angiocholecystitis in children]. PMID- 1228630 TI - [Effect of potassium orotate on the clinical laboratory indices of viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1228632 TI - [Allergic skin test and the neutrophil alteration reaction as indices of specific allergy in dysentery in children]. PMID- 1228631 TI - [Health resort treatment of children who have had severe forms of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1228633 TI - [Some indices of nonspecific immunity in glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228634 TI - [Use of some immunodepressants and indocide in the therpay of diffuse glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228635 TI - [Morphological nature of chronic gastritis with normal and increased gastric secretory function in children]. PMID- 1228636 TI - [Determination of the biological age and evaluation of the physical development of rural students by the degree of their sexual maturity]. PMID- 1228637 TI - [Combined method of anesthesia and acceleration of labor]. PMID- 1228638 TI - [Blood copper oxidase and copper content in primiparae during pregnancy and in the dynamics of labor as dependent on age]. PMID- 1228640 TI - [Characteristics of the course and management of labor in women with a large fetus]. PMID- 1228639 TI - [Placental respiration in the dynamics of the development of normal pregnancy]. PMID- 1228641 TI - [Dynamics of the tissue sulfhydryl group content in fetuses]. PMID- 1228642 TI - [Possibilities of using the "Gravimun" immunological test for the diagnosis of pregnancy in forensic obstetrical practice]. PMID- 1228643 TI - [Histomorphological changes in the endometrium in tuberculous infection]. PMID- 1228644 TI - [Functional disorders of the kidneys and upper urinary tracts in cervix uteri cancer]. PMID- 1228645 TI - [Role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis in children]. PMID- 1228646 TI - [Case of a combination of torsion of the crus of an ovarian cyst and acute phlegmonous apendicitis]. PMID- 1228647 TI - [Catamnestic observations of children with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 1228648 TI - [Determination of plasmatic growth hormone in the pediatric age]. PMID- 1228649 TI - [Predisposition to the round back in relation to the phases of growth]. PMID- 1228650 TI - [Special criteria for the diet therapy of simple obesity in childhood]. PMID- 1228651 TI - [Therapeutic abservations in 10 cases of neuroblastoma]. PMID- 1228652 TI - [Etiopathogenetic and clinical considerations and chromosome study in a case of multiple congenital arthrogryposis]. PMID- 1228654 TI - [Clinical evaluation of acute glomerulonephritis in children during a recent 17 years]. PMID- 1228653 TI - [Characteristics of acute diffuse glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1228655 TI - [Comparison of results of proteinuria selectivity with kidney biopsy data in diffuse glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228656 TI - [Dependence of the level of immunoglobulins in blood and urine on the type of glomerular filtration of proteins in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228657 TI - [Immunological indices in diffuse glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228658 TI - [Indices of the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity of the urine and renal tissue in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228659 TI - [Pediatric nephrology and modern medicine]. PMID- 1228660 TI - [Localization of fibrinogen and fibrin in the kidney glomerulus in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228661 TI - [Dynamics of lysozyme in diffuse glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228662 TI - [Changes in the kidney function and capillary permeability in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228663 TI - [Comparative clinico-roentgenological picture in diffuse glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1228664 TI - [Effect of glucocorticosteroids on the level of complement and properdin in patients with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1228665 TI - [Clinico-morphological studies of the kidneys in hereditary and acquired nephritis in children]. PMID- 1228666 TI - [Isolation of L-form bacteria from the urine of children with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1228667 TI - [Significance of the reaction of passive hemagglutination for diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228669 TI - [Comparison of radionephrography with clinical methods in the study of kidney function in children with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1228668 TI - [Primary vesico-renal reflux and pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228670 TI - [Myocardial contraction in children with different phases of pyelonephritis using ballistocardiography and kinetocardiography]. PMID- 1228671 TI - [Antibacterial and therapeutic effect of nitrofurans in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228672 TI - [Effect of prodigiozan on clinico-immunological indices in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228673 TI - [Comments on classification of pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1228674 TI - [Oligonephronia - a variant of congenital nephropathy]. PMID- 1228675 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels in capilarotoxic nephritis in children using kidney puncture biopsy (literature survey)]. PMID- 1228676 TI - [Experience in the work of the base pediatric polyclinic]. PMID- 1228677 TI - [Organization of pediatric oncological service]. PMID- 1228678 TI - [Tumors of the posterior cranial fossa in children, with symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 1228679 TI - [Characteristics of tumors in children (according to autopsy data of the city of kherson)]. PMID- 1228680 TI - [Endolymphatic chemotherapy in the treatment of diffuse forms of oncologic diseases in children]. PMID- 1228681 TI - [Pathogenesis of large-intestinal polyps in children]. PMID- 1228682 TI - [Pseudoneoplastic formations in the stomach and intestine in pediatric practice]. PMID- 1228683 TI - [Prevention of serum hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1228684 TI - [Use of enzymatic spectrum of blood serum indifferential diagnosis of viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1228685 TI - [Hexokinase acitivity of blood serum of children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1228686 TI - [Changes in the level of transferrin and ceruloplasmin in children having recovered from hepatitis]. PMID- 1228687 TI - [Roentigenological study of bilary tract condition in children during and after infectious hepatitis]. PMID- 1228688 TI - [Importance of certain tests in the objective evaluation of completeness of recovery of children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1228689 TI - [Effect of neuroleptic drugs on the blood level of potassium and sodium in children with severe forms of acute intestinal infectious diseases]. PMID- 1228690 TI - [Antibacterial therapy of dysentery in children]. PMID- 1228691 TI - [Comparative clinico-electrocardiological characteristics of adaptation of newborn infants after acute and chronic asphyxia]. PMID- 1228693 TI - [Problems of deontology in pediatric practice]. PMID- 1228694 TI - [Deontology in pediatrics (problems and views)]. PMID- 1228692 TI - [Clinico-laboratory parallels in hereditary spherocytosis in children]. PMID- 1228695 TI - [Case of familial erythrocytic enzymopathy caused by glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. PMID- 1228696 TI - [Clinical evaluation of urinary syndrome in children]. PMID- 1228697 TI - [Mondor's disease in the mother as a cause of staphylococcal infection in a child]. PMID- 1228698 TI - [Incidence of typhoid fever and viral hepatitis in the city of Rome. Modifications observed in relation to the Italian cholera epidemic]. PMID- 1228699 TI - [20 years of experience with anti-influenza vaccination]. PMID- 1228700 TI - [Comparative study on the immunilacient prevention of diseases due to cold]. PMID- 1228701 TI - Some serum biochemical changes associated with chloroform-induced renal tubular necrosis in mice. AB - The chloroform--induced renal tubular necrosis is associated with the rise of serum urea, creatinine and potassium. The highest values, observed 24 hours after chloroform administration, are respectively: 75 mg% (norm 32 mg%), 1.75 mg% (norm 0.25 mg%), 6.1 mEq/1 (norm 4.4 mEq/1). They gradually decreased with the progress of renal regeneration. These transient, rather little biochemical deviations justify the good conditions and eventual survival of chloroform-poisoned mice. The contribution of possible glomerular lesions to the disturbed renal function is taken into consideration. PMID- 1228702 TI - Effect of low-magnesium diet on the histology and the activity of certain enzymes of rat myocardium. AB - Rats kept on a low-magnesium diet for 14 weeks developed increasing clinical symptoms, from slight trophic changes to inhibition of growth. Focal fragmentation of myocardial fibers was followed by focal fuchsinophilia and later -by focal necrosis. Increasing morphological lesions were associated with calcium salts deposition in the degenerated myocardial fibers, connective tissue and wall of cardiac blood vessels. The low-magnesium diet did not affect the activity of ATP-ases and cytochrome oxidase. The areas of myocardial degeneration and necrosis were free of the activity of alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase. PMID- 1228703 TI - Histological studies on the regeneration of small-intestine epithelium of rats irradiated with sublethal doses of X rays. AB - The dynamics of regeneration of small-intestine epithelium was studied in rats irradiated with X-rays in sublethal doses of 550, 600 or 750 R. Sixty-two irradiated and 22 control animals were used in the experiment. They were killed 1,2,4,6,8,14 and 25 days after the irradiation. Specimens of duodenum and jejunum were examined histologically, the sections being stained with H.E. and p.a.S. Already 1 and 2 days after irradiation the intestinal villi became shorter and deformed. The blood vessels were damaged, the enterocytes showed features of degeneration and vocuolization, the epithelium was detached by the exudate which accumulated in the stroma. Irradiation markedly disturbed the regeneration of intestinal epithelium in the period from the 1st to the 6th day. Cytological calculations indicate that on the 1st and 2nd days after irradiation the number of epithelial cells of the villi, and particularly of young cryptal ones, markedly dropped. On the 4th and 6th days increased proliferation of young cryptal cells considerably surpassed the physiological rate. The accompanying disturbances in differentiation consisted in a decreased acidophilic to basophilic cells ratio and in retardation of maturation of goblet cells. The absolute number of goblet cells was increased, as well as their proportion to the number of enterocytes. PMID- 1228704 TI - Significance of serum lipoproteid-X (LP-X) determination for the diagnosis of cholestasis in chronic liver diseases. AB - Among 179 patients with various chronic diseases of the liver the authors found in 20 cases histological evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis and in all these cases lipoproteid X (LP-X) was present in the serum. In the group of 159 patients without evidence of cholestasis in microscopic examination of liver tissue LP-X was demonstrated only in two cases (1.3%). The results of investigations confirm the view that detection of LP-X in the serum is a specific and sensitive index of cholestasis and its value in the diagnosis of this condition is greater than that of determinations of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, leucinamino-peptidase activity or cholesterol in the serum. PMID- 1228705 TI - Blood fibrinogen level in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. AB - The plasma fibrinogen levels were determined in patients with chronic gastric and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer comparing the results with those in a control group comprising healthy subjects. No statistically significant rise in the level of fibrinogen in peptic ulcer or its changes during treatment were found. A great rise in the blood level of fibrinogen was observed in 67% of cases of gastric cancer. PMID- 1228707 TI - Studies on the behavior of lymphocytes in the direct lymphocytotoxicity test (DLT) in surgical patients: II. Dynamics of immunological reactivity in selected cases. AB - The results of investigations on the dynamics of immune reactivity are presented in 6 cases selected from 38 surgical patients. The investigations were carried out during surgical treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, malignant neoplasms of the alimentary tract, and extensive chronic inflammatory processes of the soft tissues. The evaluation of immune reactivity of these patients was based on the results of the direct lymphocytotoxicity test (DLT), the intensity of the autolymphocytotoxic reactions in the cold (15 degrees C) test, morphology and other changes of lymphocytes (various forms, lysis, leukergy) and on their ability to undergo blastic transformation in vitro after stimulation with PHA. The joint evaluation of investigations carried out repeatedly in these diseases may be useful for tracing the dynamics of immune reactivity in surgical patients. PMID- 1228708 TI - Activity of lysosomal enzymes and glycogen content of phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy controls a continuous rise in acid phosphatase activity was observed in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and the activity index was higher in patients than in controls. Differences were also observed between these groups in the activity of nonspecific esterase, beta glucuronidase, and glycogen content at different hours of culture. PMID- 1228706 TI - Studies on the behavior of lymphocytes in the direct lymphocytotoxicity test (DLT) in surgical patients: I. Diagnostic value of the test. AB - The results of the investigations of immunological reactivity in 120 surgical patients are presented. The direct lymphocytotoxicity test (DLT) was used. Negative results were found in only 20 patients; in the remaining 100, the number of damaged lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, examined in vitro was dependent on: 1) the type of surgical procedure (e.g. open reduction and internal fixation of long-bone fractures), 2) severity of surgical disease, 3) interaction of drugs used, and 4) infection, most probably viral. A high percentage of damaged lymphocytes was found firstly, in patients suffering from severe wound infections; secondly, in those with disorders of the peripheral arteries during the postoperative course and thirdly, in patients with advanced malignancy of the alimentary tract. The results of these investigations--regarded by the authors as a preliminary report--indicate that the DLT could be introduced routinely as part of pre- and postoperative examinations of surgical patients in order to evaluate their immunological reactivity. PMID- 1228709 TI - Recurrent goiter. AB - The authors report on 134 patients operated upon in the years 1950 through 1973 for recurrent goiter at the Department I of General Surgery, Institute of Surgery, Medical Academy in Poznan. The causes of recurrence, manifestations, indications for operation and the types of operations, postoperative complications and results of follow-up examinations are discussed. PMID- 1228710 TI - Electron microscopic lesions of supraoptic and para-ventricular nuclei of rat thalamus in adrenal insufficiency. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of the rat brain in adrenal hypofunction evoked by bilateral adrenalectomy are described. Marked ultrastructural changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, the changes being less pronounced in the suproaoptic one. The changes indicated enhanced synthesis of neurosecretory granules activating the so-called "creation" surface of the Golgi complex. The increased synthesis of neurosecretory granules in adrenal hypofunction might indicate that some of them could be CRF carriers. It is not possible, however, to find by exclusively morphological methods the morphological equivalent of CRF. The higher intensity of the changes found in the paraventricular nucleus suggests that the latter possibly plays a more important role in the regulation of ACTH secretion. PMID- 1228711 TI - Effect of extensive resection of small intestine on the enterochromaffin cells of the remaining intestinal segment. AB - The authors discuss the problem of quantitative changes in enterochromaffin cells in the rat small intestine after its extensive resection. An increase was found in the number of these cells in the peripheral part of the intestine 4 to 8 weeks after the operation. These quantitative changes are explained by the regenerative activity in this period. PMID- 1228712 TI - Cytochemical abnormalities of the leukocytes of peripheral blood of rabbits in chronic experimental intoxication with mercuric vapors. AB - Cytochemical changes were studied in leukocytes in peripheral blood smears from rabbits chronically exposed to mercury vapor. Experimental animals were exposed in a toxicologic chamber to air containing metallic mercury in concentrations of 2.0-2.5 mg/m3 for 3 hours daily over 12 weeks. In the poisoned rabbits, as compared with controls, alkaline phosphatase activity was depressed in granulocytes, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in granulocytes and lymphocytes. The activities of acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, the color reaction with Sudan black B and the p.a.S. reaction were not affected. PMID- 1228713 TI - Regulation and grinding ability of grit in the gizzard of Norwegian willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus). AB - Fluctuations in grit composition in the gizzards of willow ptarmigans and the grinding ability of various grit assortments from wild ptarmigans were examined. We confirmed reports of other investigators that larger, fewer and rounder stones were present in the winter than in the autumn. Experiments showed that ptarmigans prefer stones with diameters between 2-5 mm. Birds on a constant diet maintained a constant stone intake throughout the year. The composition of gizzard grit was influenced by the availability of stones as well as of the type of food the ptarmigans ate. Using an artificial gizzard, grit from birds shot during the autumn was found to be a more efficient grinding material than grit from winter birds. We suggest that other functions than grinding, such as supplying minerals, may be equally important functions of the grit. PMID- 1228714 TI - Combining ability in a diallel cross of three lines of Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - Three random-bred lines of Japanese quail were crossed in a 3 X 3 diallel to estimate their combining ability for hatchability, growth rate, and age at 25, 50, 75 and 100% lay. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a 3 X 3 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (3 lines of sire X 3 lines of dam X 2 ambient-temperature stresses X 2 sexes). Approximately 1200 eggs in three hatches were set; 496 progeny measured for five week body weight; and 212 hens observed for age at maturity. General combining ability effects were highly significant for percent hatchability. Specific combining ability was not important for hatchability in the three lines tested. Data on body weight revealed highly significant effects due to general combining ability, specific combining ability, sire X sex interaction, hatch, ambient-temperature stress and sex. Data for age at 25, 50, 75 and 100% lay indicated that general and specific combining abilities as well as maternal effects were all highly significant. PMID- 1228715 TI - Photoacceleration of embryonic development in depigmented Japanese quail eggs. AB - Pigmented and depigmented Japanese quail eggs were incubated either in the presence of a light source for one week or in the dark. Acceleration of embryonic development was apparent by the first day of incubation in the depigmented eggs exposed to light. Embryonic weights of eggs exposed to light were significantly (P less than .05) greater than eggs incubated in the dark by the fourth day of incubation. Air cell temperatures of depigmented eggs were significantly (P less than .05) lower than pigmented eggs by the fourth day of incubation when both groups of eggs were exposed to a light source. Thus photoacceleration appeared to be a real effect, and great enough to overcome the lower egg temperature at which these embryos developed. Embryos developing in lighted depigmented eggs can decrease the hatching time of other groups incubated with them. PMID- 1228716 TI - Dietary calcium levels in pre-lay and lay diets in Leghorn pullets. AB - Four experiments over a period of four years with 1350 first-year pullets were designed to determine the influence of the calcium and phosphorus levels in the pre-lay diets on the growing birds and on their subsequent performance. Several dietary calcium levels in the lay period were studied, as well as the interaction between the pre-lay and lay diets. During the growing phase the pullets fed 3.0% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower body weight at 20 weeks of age than thep ulletsin the other pre-lay treatments. Feed consumption and feed efficiency were also adversely affected by this treatment, and sexual maturity was significantly (P less than 0.05) delayed. Early lay mortality from this treatment was evident. On the basis of egg production, egg weight, shell deformation and percent poorly shelled eggs (PSE) at point-of-lay, the pre-lay diets did not influence lay performance nor was there an interaction between any combination of pullet and lay diets. As the calcium levels of the lay diets increased, egg production, feed consumption and shell rigidity increased. The 1.5% calcium level did not maintain bone mineralization as compared to the 3.0 and 4.5% calcium levels. It was noted that shell quality on the basis of PSE and deformation does not begin to deteriorate immediately after the onset of production. In fact there is a short period of time where the egg shells improve and then there is a gradual decline in shell rigidity. The layers fed the lay diet containing 1.5% calcium produced eggs weighing an average of 57.4 g. This was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than the eggs of the 2.3, 3.0 or 4.5% calcium fed groups which produced eggs weighing 59.1, 58.6 and 59.4 g. respectively. PMID- 1228717 TI - Efficacy of lyophilized turkey herpesvirus vaccine against Marek's disease in broilers. AB - Field trials involving approximately 1,250,000 chickens vaccinated with cell-free turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine and 635,000 chickens vaccinated with cell associated HVT vaccine howed both vaccines equally effective in reducing condemnations (attributable to Marek's disease) at the poultry processing plant. Vaccinated chickens were progeny of hens vaccinated at 1 day of age with cell associated HVT vaccine. The maternal antibody did not interfere with the ability of either the cell-free or cell-associated HVT vaccine to provide protection for chickens against challenge from the virulent Marek's disease virus. PMID- 1228718 TI - The histology of cardiac blood clots in chicks exhibiting the "flip-over" syndrome. AB - Chickens exhibiting "flip-over" syndrome were found on necropsy to have a blood structure in the heart chamber. Histological studies showed that this structure is formed of erythrocytes, leucocytes, fibrin and serum. Fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and thrombocyte agglutination were not observed. These observations indicate that the structures studied are post-mortem blood clots. PMID- 1228719 TI - Metabolizable energy (M.E.) values of three protein supplements as determined with chicks and laying hens. AB - The M.E. values of three protein supplements that are produced and/or processed in Lebanon and Jordan were determined employing the method of Hill and Anderson (1958). Two experiments were conducted using broiler-type chicks in one experiment and White Leghorn laying hens in the other experiment. Nitrogen corrected M.E. values expressed in kcal./kg. dry matter were found to be 2513, 2690 and 3215 for the soybean, sesame and poultry by-product meals, respectivel, as determined with chicks, and 2522, 2747 and 3155 as determined with laying hens. Hence, it was concluded that chicks were as efficient as laying hens in energy utilization of these protein supplements. For all practical purposes, it was recommended that metabolizable energy values, of commonly used protein supplements, determined with either chicks or laying hens could be used in poultry ration formulation. PMID- 1228720 TI - Reproductive response to intermittent light regimens in Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - The effect of intermittent light regimens of one hour of light interspaced with dark periods of one, two or three hours, repeated three, four, five or six times per day was determined for age to first egg, hen day percent production and egg production for a 126 day experimental period in females, and the age to initial response of the cloacal gland in males. Three broad classes of response were noted based on the equivalent light period (ELP), which is defined as the interval from the beginning of the first intermittent light period to the end of the last intermittent light each 24 hour period, or the length of the single six and 14 hour light periods in the control groups. Group 1 was non-stimulated and had an ELP of less than or equal to 10 hours. There was an intermediately stimulated group with an ELP of 11 hours, and a stimulated group with an ELP of greater than or equal to 13 hours. The responses in males and females were parallel. Light intensity of either 460 lumens (average) or 2.6 lumens (average) intensity had little effect on the responses in females or males. Single, long duration exposures to light of less than or equal to 10 hours gave responses similar to intermittent regimens with ELP of less than or equal to 10 hours, while those with durations of 11 and 12 hours were intermediate and those of greater than or equal to 13 hours were equivalent to those with ELP of greater than or equal to 13 hours. PMID- 1228721 TI - Energy needs of dwarf (dw) broiler breeder hens. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the daily energy needs of the dwarf broiler breeder hen. In the first study, hens were control-fed diets ranging from 325 to 400 M.E. kcal./hen/day with ample amounts of other essential nutrients. Hens did not totally consume all of their daily allotment so in a second study the calorie allowance ranged from 260 to 320 M.E. kcal./hen/day. From the results of these studies it is estimated that the daily energy requirement of the dwarf broiler breeder hen is greater than 249 but no more than 269 M.E. kcal./day. PMID- 1228722 TI - Effect of papain injection on mineral concentration in tissues of roosters and hens. AB - A study was made of the effect of injected papain on the concentration of calcium, iron, copper, zinc and selenium in tissues of roosters and laying hens. Half the males and females were injected intravenously with a papain solution and the other half with 0.9% sodium chloride. The roosters and half the laying hens were injected one-hour ante-mortem and the others injected 24 hours ante-mortem. The laying hens had less Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca in the skeletal muscle than the roosters, and less Fe and Cu, but equivalent amounts of Ca and Zn, in the kidneys. In the roosters the kidney contained approximately five times as much Se as the muscle. The liver contained equivalent concentrations of Se in the roosters and laying hens. Papain had no effect on the concentration of any of the elements in the tissues. There was no significant difference in the concentration of the minerals between one-hour and 24-hour ante-mortem injections of the papain in the laying hens. PMID- 1228723 TI - The anemia caused by aflatoxin. AB - The effects of graded doses of dietary aflatoxin (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mug./g.) on hemoglobin, packed blood cell volume, erythrocyte count, leucocyte counts, bone marrow lipid, and bone marrow nucleic acids of chickens were measured. The hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte count were reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) to about the same extent by any given dose. Microscopic examination of stained smears of the bone marrow revealed a hyperplastic response including the granulocytic elements. Chemical analyses of the marrow revealed a decreased lipid content and an increased content of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. Total leucocytes were increased about three fold by aflatoxin (10 mug./g). Differential leucocyte counts revealed that the heterophils were increased while the eosinophils were unaffected and the basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were decreased. The increase in nucleic acids of the marrow and in circulating leucocytes occurred with doses which inhibit growth rate. These data suggest that aflatoxin causes a hemolytic anemia in chickens, that aflatoxin, by itself, is not involved in the hemorrhagic anemia syndrome of chickens, and that aflatoxin does not cause in chickens a general inhibition of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis as assumed from studies on rats. PMID- 1228724 TI - Effect on reserpine on humoral immune responsiveness in young chickens. AB - The role of reserpine in modifying a primary humoral immune response was evaluated in three experiments with young chickens. It was found that chickens injected with reserpine prior to an intravenous antigenic challenge with sheep red blood cells exhibited an enhanced primary humoral immune response. The enhanced response occurred concomitant with an elevation in adrenal cortical activity as evidenced by the significant elevation of serum corticosterone in the reserpine-treated chickens. These data suggest that both the adrenal cortex and medulla may influence immune responsiveness in the chicken. PMID- 1228725 TI - The effect of level of feed intake on metabolizable energy values measured with adult roosters. AB - Two experiments were made with S.C.W.L. roosters to test the hypothesis that the apparent M.E. value of a feedingstuff is affected by the level of intake. In the first experiment the birds were starved for 18 hr. and then fed varying amounts of whole wheat. Excreta voided during the 24 hr. experimental period was collected quantitatively and assayed for gross energy. Energy voided as excreta increased in a linear manner as the intake of wheat increased. The apparent M.E. value also varied with wheat consumption according to the equation M.E. (kcal./g.) = 3.17X - 8.5/X where: 3.17 kcal./g. is the true M.E. value of the wheat; 8.5 kcal. represents the sum of the metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy losses; and X is the weight of wheat consumed (g). A supplementary observation was that the metabolic fecal and endogenous nitrogen excretion of the roosters was 144 mg./kg./24 hr. In the second experiment corn oil was placed in the crops of starved roosters and the energy voided as excreta in 24 hr. was measured. The true M.E. value of the corn oil was 9.40 kcal./g. but the apparent value varied with intake. It is therefore concluded that the original hypothesis is correct. The findings of these experiments may explain some of the reported variations in M.E. data. A new approach to the assay for M.E. is proposed. PMID- 1228726 TI - Effects of dietary aflatoxin on certain egg yolk parameters. AB - Aflatoxicosis was induced in laying hens by incorporating graded amounts of aflatoxin into a commercial layer ration (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mug./g. of feed). After four weeks liver size and liver lipid were increased by aflatoxin while egg production and egg size were decreased (P less than 0.05). Total yolk weight and the yolk as percent of total egg weight were lowered (P less than 0.05). The dry weight and lipid content of the yolk were not affected. Yolk and plasma carotenoid concentrations were elevated (P less than 0.05). The data suggest that plasma and yolk lipids respond to the inhibition of lipid synthesis and transport from the liver by aflatoxin, but plasma and yolk carotenoids which are dietary in origin necessarily increase when egg production decreases during aflatoxicosis. PMID- 1228727 TI - Production measurements affected by X-irradiation of chicken semen. AB - Single Comb White Leghorn (S.C.W.L.) and Dark Cornish semen was X-irradiated with 1000 r. and introduced into S.C.W.L. hens to produce S.C.W.L. and crossbred chicks. The irradiation reduced the fertilizing capacity of the semen about 25 percent and the hatchability of the embryos about 38 percent. Semen of the two breeds was affected differently since there was much less alteration of embryonic development among purebred, S.C.W.L. chicks than among Cornish-sired crossbreds. As is typical, crossbred chicks gained weight faster than purebred S.C.W.L. irrespective of radiation damage. After irradiation, live weight was 4 percent less at 16 weeks of age for the crossbreds but no substantial effect on growth was evident for the S.C.W.L., although they were significantly heavier at hatching in the irradiated population. The rate of egg production in the first 30 days declined 15 percent under pressure from the irradiation damage. The distribution, as well as the frequency, of embryonic mortalities changed after parental semen irradiation. The majority of embryonic deaths occurred during the first 6 days of incubation with a coincidental decrease in the proportion of deaths occurring late during incubation. Posthatching mortalities were not affected for S.C.W.L. but were doubled for Cornish up to 16 weeks old. PMID- 1228728 TI - Genetic differences in susceptibility to ulcerative enteritis in Japanese quail. AB - Six lines of Japanese quail were derived from a single foundation population. Four of the lines were selected on the basis of family mean three week body weight, two were unselected and all lines were randomly mated. Quail were housed in wire batteries during the brooding, rearing and laying periods. During the brooding period, hover temperature and floor space per chick were similar from line to line. For the rearing and laying periods, floor space per chick was approximately the same from line to line. During an outbreak of ulcerative enteritis (diagnosed on the basis of gross and histopathology) in generation 31 and again in generation 34, mortality ranged from zero for males of one control line to approximately 50 percent for females of one selected line. Analysis of variance showed that incidence of mortality differed significantly among lines and between sexes. Mortality was generally higher in selected than in control lines and in females than in males. It is suggested that susceptibility to ulcerative enteritis in quail may be a polygenically inherited trait and that the breeding which accompanied selection for body size may have made some loci homozygous for susceptibility alleles. PMID- 1228729 TI - A rapid technique for the cleaning and concentration of Eimeria oocysts. AB - A technique using 1% sodium bicarbonate, ether and centrifugation was developed for cleaning oocyts of Eimeria tenella, E. maxima or E. mivati. The speed and efficiency of this technique was compared with the sedimentation technique currently used in many laboratories. Parameters measured were percent sporulation after cleaning and number of oocysts recovered. Suspensions of oocysts cleaned by bicarbonate and ether consistently yielded a similar or superior percent sporulation. In four of the five trials bicarbonate and ether recovered a larger number of oocysts from feces. To determine the storage stability of oocysts cleaned with bicarbonate and ether in comparison with sedimentation cleaned oocysts, suspensions of Eimeria tenella and E. mivati were stored at 4 degrees C. and atssayed initially after harvest and a three month intervals thereafter. The parameters of bird weight gain, lesion score, mortality and feed conversion were measured to test viability of oocysts. Bicarbonate and ether cleaning had no initial deleterious effect on oocyst viability. After 6 months storage, oocysts of Eimeria cleaned with bicarbonate and ether maintained viability similar or superior to oocysts cleaned by sedimentation. PMID- 1228730 TI - The ability of blood plasma from drinking water vaccinated turkeys to protect against a lethal challenge of Pasteurella multocida. AB - Turkeys were vaccinated against fowl cholera with the Clemson University avirulent Pasteurella multocida vaccine strain (C.U. strain), using the drinking water route. Plasma was harvested from these turkeys, which later withstood challenge with a highly virulent P-1059 strain of P. multocida. Baby chicks were injected between the thigh and abdominal cavity with the immune plasma and simultaneously, into the breast muscle, with the same highly virulent strain referred to in the foregoing. The results demonstrated that plasma from turkeys vaccinated by the drinking water route protected baby chicks against intramuscular challenge with a virulent strain of P. multocida and suggest that a favorable systemic immunologic response did occur. This is in contrast to the Minnesota M-2283 strain which, reportedly, produces a localized protection only, when used as a drinking water vaccine. PMID- 1228731 TI - Effect of forced molting on quantity and quality of semen in turkey breeder males as influenced by diet. AB - Broad Breasted White turkey males were induced to molt by imposing periods of nonstimulatory light and short periods of water and feed deprival starting at 54 weeks of age. Birds kept under 8 or 10 hours of light per day began to molt within 3 weeks, and most had terminated semen production within 4 weeks. When returned to stimulatory light, the birds began to produce semen within 4 weeks and reached peak production within 10 weeks. However, this level of production was lower than the original level attained as young birds. The recycled males produced approximately 20 percent more semen than the males kept under constant stimulatory light, and the semen from the recycled males contained 1 to 2 billion additional sperm per ml. The percentage of normal sperm decreased with increase in age of birds irrespective of light treatment. A skip-a-day-per-week feeding schedule imposed on all males from 54 to 78 weeks of age had no appreciable effect on body weight or efficiency of feed utilization. Also, imposition of feed and water restrictions had no apparent effect on early termination or recovery of semen production. PMID- 1228733 TI - Specific response of chicken intestine to calcium influence on D-galactose absorption. AB - A comparison was made of the D-galactose uptake by rat, hamster and chicken intestine utilizing calcium-containing or calcium-free incubation fluid. The Wilson-Wiseman technique was employed. Qualitative differences were found in the response of the different intestines to calcium requirements as regards sugar active transport. No significant differences were observed in oxygen consumption. PMID- 1228732 TI - Effect of herring oil on body weight, comb size and gonadal development in the chick. AB - A diet with 20% herring oil (0.55% linoleate) gave comparable growth responses to a diet containing 20% corn oil (12.07% linoleate) in 4-week-old male and female White Leghorn chicks. No additive or synergistic growth responses were noted in female chicks fed a mixture of herring oil and corn oil. Decreased testes size and changes in testicular histology occurred in young cockerels fed herring oil. Comb responses were dissimilar in male and female chicks fed fish oil. PMID- 1228734 TI - Characterization and growth-depressing activity for chickens of several natural phenolic materials. AB - Several natural phenolic materials were analyzed for gallic acid and were further characterized for dialyzability and flavonoid content. These materials were added to a diet and fed to broiler strain chicks for 4 weeks. The depression in growth caused by these phenolic materials was compared with that of tannic acid on a gallic acid equivalency basis. The activities relative to tannic acid (congruent to 100) were as follows: methyl gallate, 195; valonia, 117; wattle, 114; allepo tannic acid, 107; eucalyptus, 105, myrobalan, 98; tara crystals, 76; mangrove, 72; quebracho, 39; gallic acid, and ellagic acid, O. It was impossible to clearly relate the growth depressing activity of the materials to hydrolyzability or relative content of smaller phenols. PMID- 1228735 TI - Internal structure of the chicken erythrocyte after exposure to hydrogen plasma as seen with SEM. AB - Smears were made of either whole chicken blood or washed blood cells. The smears were exposed to hydrogen plasma for varying periods of time and examined with the scanning electron microscope. The pitted surface of the nucleus was clearly seen along with the granular cytoplasm. After prolonged etching nuclear material appeared homogeneous and smooth. PMID- 1228736 TI - The behavior of chickens following embryonic treatment with testosterone propionate. AB - This study was designed to investigate an initial response and the flocking behavior of chicks treated embryonically with testosterone propionate (TP). The high (1.28 gm. %) and low (0.32 gm. %) levels of TP interfered with the response of these chicks to a specific stimulus. However, only the high level TP depressed the flocking response. TP administered prior to day 13 of embryonic development will depress sexual behavior in the chicken. These data suggest that TP influences a variety of behavioral patterns in the chicken. PMID- 1228737 TI - [Anxiety and memory performance. Empirical studies on children]. PMID- 1228738 TI - [2 cases of trichotillomania]. PMID- 1228739 TI - [Active searching for information in German and American children]. PMID- 1228740 TI - [Functional use of language in undirected play of small children]. PMID- 1228741 TI - [Management of a case of encopresis using phantasy therapy in a group of children]. PMID- 1228742 TI - [Juveniles from foreign-worker families]. PMID- 1228743 TI - [The frequency and immediate causes of the death of diabetic patients according to findings from a study of clinical and patho-anatomic materials]. PMID- 1228744 TI - [The effect of epiphysectomy on the concentration of aldosterone, corticosterone and transcortin in the peripheral blood]. AB - Experiments were conducted on female Wistar rats, weighing 120-130 g. Epiphysis in rats was removed 3 weeks before the principal experiment. Aldosterone was determined in the peripheral blood by the radioimmunological method, corticosteron--spectrophotometrically, binding capacity of transcortin, free, bound and sum-total 11-OCS--by the method of gel filtration in biogel. In intact rats at the phase of metaestrus aldosterone content in the peripheral blood constituted 45.2 +/- 4.62 ng/100 ml. Epiphysectomy produced a reduction of aldosterone content (32.4 +/- 3.69 ng/100 ml) and an elevation of corticosterone level and of transcortin binding capacity in the female rats. PMID- 1228745 TI - [Potassium metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. AB - A method of radiometry of the whole body in the low-background chamber was applied to the study of the content of total potassium (by K40) in the organism of 67 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus of various severity and in 76 healthy individuals. there was revealed a marked reduction of the total potassium level in diabetics. The more severe the diabetes--the greater the potassium deficiency. Total potassium level had a tendency to normalization after treatment with insulin, potassium salts and vitamins. PMID- 1228746 TI - [Plasma testosterone levels of diabetic men]. AB - The authors present the results of clinico-sexological study in 57 patients suffering from diabetes and in 12 apparently healthy men in whom blood plasma testosterone content was studied. The patients with diabetes displayed a significant reduction in the testosterone concentration with the advance of the patients' age, increased duration and severity of diabetes, and also its inadequate compensation during the disease in the presence of microangiopathy and peripheral neuropathy. The role of diabetic metabolic, vascular and innervational disturbances in reduction of the androgenic function of the testes in diabetics was demonstrated. In patients with the late stages of progressive impotence the level of testosterone was sharply decreased. This fall was less pronounced in the patients at the stage of the initial disturbances. It was revealed that the androgenic insufficiency of the testes was of great significance in the complicated pathogenesis of impotence in diabetes. Recommendations are presented on the prophylaxis of androgenic insufficiency of the testes in diabetes, and on the use of the testosterone preparations in the general complex therapy of impotence of men suffering from diabetes. PMID- 1228747 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of aldosterone in the peripheral blood of diabetic patients]. AB - The paper treats of the specific, accurate, highly sensitive, economic radioimmunological method of aldosterone determination. The authors used commercial reagent kits for the radioimmunological determination of aldosterone, this facilitating the work of investigators, and permitting to examine many samples for a short period of time. The method can be suggested for both the experimental and clinical practice. PMID- 1228748 TI - [Hyperaldosteronism in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - In 30 patients with a moderately severe and severe form of thyrotoxicosis a study was made of urinary aldosterone excretion following acid hydrolysis, by thin layer chromatography. During decompensation the majority of the patients displayed an increased aldosterone excretion. Medicinal compesation of the disease did no lead to normalization of the mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal glands, whereas aldosterone excretion remained high in many of the patients. To ascertain the mechanisms of increase of aldosterone excretion in thyrotoxicosis a correlative analysis was carried out of associations between the aldosterone excretion and the circulating blood and plasma volume, potassium blood plasma content, catecholamine and 17-oxycorticoid excretion. On the basis of the results obtained and literature data it was supposed that intensified beta adrenergic activity of the nervous system and increased catecholamine production participated in increase in the mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal glands during thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 1228750 TI - [Changes in the electrolyte composition of the blood of humans and animals under the influence of thyrocalcitonin]. AB - A study was made of the effect of the thyroid hormone thyrocalcitonin (TCT) on the electrolyte composition of the plasma and erythrocytes. In healthy persons and in the patients with various diseases of the cardiovascular system administration of 1 Unit of TCT per 1 kg of weight led to a significant reduction of the total plasma calcium and its diffusible fraction and also of plasma sodium. A course treatment with the hormone led to the enhancement of the hypocalciemic effect. In dogs administration of 10 Units of TCT per 1 kg of weight produced a more pronounced hypocalciemic effect. The rest of blood electrolytes displayed no significant changes. PMID- 1228749 TI - [Excretion of hypophyseal luteinizing hormone, dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid during the sexual cycle]. AB - A study was made of the excretion of the luteinizing hormone (LH) of the hypophysis and of the 5-oxyindolacetic acid in the course of 18 clinically-normal menstrual cycles. There proved to be a significant correlative association in the excretion of dophamine and of the LH in the middle of the cycle. As a rule, the peak of dophamine excretion coincided with the peak of the LH excretion. No statistically significant association between the 5-oxyindolacetic acid excretion and the LH excretion was found in the course of the cycle. PMID- 1228751 TI - [Glucose tolerance disorders in pregnant women]. AB - The authors present the results of study of 582 women with the use of glucose tolerance test. Disturbances of this tolerance were revealed in 11.3% of cases, and latent and manifest diabetes--in 4%. The detected disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism were independent of the periods of pregnancy and parity. They were much greater in the older women with normal weight. The authors consider prophylactic dietetic measures to be expedient in women with disturbed glucose tolerance. PMID- 1228752 TI - [Gonadotropic hormone excretion in men with hypogonadism and its dynamics under the influence of exogenous testosterone]. AB - The work is a clinico-laboratory study and and treats of the results of determination of gonadotropine excretion before and after the administration of testosterone to the patients with various forms of hypogonadism. The prevailing effect of testosterone on the excretion of the gonadotropic hormones could be blocking, stimulating or neutral depending on the clinical variant of hypogonadism. Thus, a change of sensitivity of the central link in the hypophysis gonad system to the action of the peripheral hormones could apparently be of definite significance in the pathogenesis of hypogonadism; this should be taken into consideration in the elaboration of rational schemes of its therapy. PMID- 1228753 TI - [The effect of hydrocortisone on the synthesis of lipids from different precursors]. AB - A study was made of the intensity of lipid synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue of rats following a single administration of hydrocortisone (3, 6, 24 and 48 hours) from various labeled precursors. In the liver the hormone stimulated the synthesis of lipids from the acetate-I-C14 and lactate 1,3-C14 but blocked the lipogenesis from glycerine-1,2-C14 and glucose-1-c14. In the adipose tissue hydrocortisone intensified the lipid synthesis from glucose-1-C14 only and inhibited the lipid synthesis from other precursors. The action mechanism of the hormone on the lipogenesis is considered in association with the primary intensification of gluconeogenesis in the liver. PMID- 1228754 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in the sex chromatin of diabetic women of different ages]. AB - There was revealed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of occurrence of sex chromatine (SC) in the patients (female) suffering from diabetes mellitus aged from 15 to 65 years before the treatment in comparison with the healthy women. After the compensation of the carbohydrate metabolism there was noted its further reduction in the patients aged from 25 to 65 years. In 15-65-year women who contracted diabetes mellitus there was an increase in the circular form of the SC bodies looking like thickenings of the nuclear membrane; SC bodies of round shape enlarged as well in women aged from 25 to 65 years. Oval, triangular and semicircular forms decreased in all the age groups. After the compensation of the carbohydrate metabolism the content of the SC bodies of various shapes remained the same as at the beginning of the disease without returning to the normal level. The area of the SC bodies enlargement was statistically significant in women who fell ill with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1228755 TI - [The effect of synthetic derivatives of testosterone on the activity of acid proteinases, DNA-ase and RNA-ase in the liver and serum of female rats]. AB - A study was made of the effect of a 30-day administration of various doses of testosterone-propionate and methyltestosterone to intact female rats given a ration rich in protein on the activity of acid DNA-ase, RNA-ase and proteinases in the liver and the blood serum. The ration itself, rich in proteins, increased the activity of acid RNA in the liver of rats and gave a significant seasonal variations in the activity of RNA-ase and proteinases. Administration of the same doses (1 mg daily) of testosterone-propionate or methyltestosterone produced a different effect on the nuclease metabolism. In the first case there was observed a reduction of the RNA-ase activity, and in the second--of the DNA-ase. Possibly this partially explained a different extent of anabolic properties of these two androgens. An increase in the dose of methyltestosterone to 5 mg, on the contrary, produced activation of RNA-ase in the liver and the blood serum, which could promote the manifestation of catabolic properties. PMID- 1228756 TI - [Progestin and estrogen concentrations during the reproduction of sables]. AB - Competitive protein-binding analysis and radioimmune method was applied to the study of the content of progestins and estrogens in the blood and urine in female sables of different age (kept in cages) at periods corresponding to the estrus, diapause and true pregnancy. Sables with a normal course of pregnancy displayed a regular increase in the progestin level already at the period of diapause, although relatively small in value. The period of true pregnancy is attended by a pronounced elevation of the progestine level, with a maximum in the middle of pregnancy. The estrogen level falls at the period of diapause (as compared with the estrus period). The period of true pregnancy is accompanied by a marked elevation of the estrogen level several days before labour, with a fall after them. Examination of the estrogen and progestin levels in sables can aid in the establishment of pregnancy and differentiation of its normal course from the pathological one. PMID- 1228757 TI - [The state of heat exchange and thermoregulation in animals castrated at different ages]. AB - A change of the indices of thermal metabolism and of thermoregulation in male rats with reduction of the gonad function in the aging animals and following castration at different age was studied by means of calorimetric unit permitting to record total heat emission, "direct" heat production, and also the body temperature of the animals in experiments of any duration. Functional "cold" test was used to assess the adaptive possibilities of thermoregulation. Old unoperated males showed a reduction of background values of heat exchange, diminished increase of the indices of heat production and lesser rate of body temperature restoration following the "cold" test. Castration of old animals produced no effect on already changed indices of heat exchange. But in the young castrated males there was a reduction of the initial values of heat emission and of heat production, and a change of thermoregulation reaction in response to chilling. Administration of testosterone-propionate to young castrated animals led to a partial restoration of the indices under study. PMID- 1228758 TI - [Effect of massive blood loss and blood transfusion during surgery on the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system and glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 1228759 TI - [Changes in blood serum proteins in oncological patients before and after surgical treatment]. PMID- 1228760 TI - [Use of erythrocytic suspension, preserved and mannitol solution, in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1228761 TI - [Effect of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields on erythrocytes preserved at low temperature]. PMID- 1228762 TI - [Role of Lewis blood group system in blood transfusion complications]. PMID- 1228763 TI - [Blood transfusion in patients with severe form of hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome complicated by massive internal hemorrhage]. PMID- 1228764 TI - [Blood substitution by direct method in acetic acid poisoning]. PMID- 1228765 TI - [Case of massive transfusion of blood of different group]. PMID- 1228766 TI - [Blood preservation at low temperature with the aid of preserving solution without addition ofglucose]. PMID- 1228767 TI - [Photocolorimetric determination of ethacridine lactate in the solution used for blood preservation]. PMID- 1228768 TI - [Stabilization of blood by the systems of single treatment (SVSK-1)]. PMID- 1228769 TI - [Effect of ultra-low temperatures on hepatitis B antigen]. PMID- 1228770 TI - [Method of study of hypotonic hemolysis of erythrocytes (according to kinetics of discharge of intracellular potassium and hemoglobin)]. PMID- 1228771 TI - [Method of reinfusion of blood effused into serous cavities]. PMID- 1228772 TI - [Modification of installation of ceramic candles F-7 for sterilizing filtration of protein solutions]. PMID- 1228773 TI - [Obtaining of distilled water for the needs of a blood transfusion center]. PMID- 1228774 TI - [Problems of prevention of post-transfusion type B hepatitis]. PMID- 1228775 TI - [Achievements and perspectives of phthisiobronchology]. PMID- 1228776 TI - [Nonspecific endobronchitis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (according to bronchoscopic data)]. PMID- 1228777 TI - [Etiological role of nonspecific microflora in bronchopulmonary pathology (based on bacteriological and immunological data)]. PMID- 1228778 TI - [Residual changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after long-term antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 1228779 TI - [Radioisotope pulmonometric studies of pulmonary circulation in tuberculosis of the lungs]. PMID- 1228780 TI - [Chronic nonspecific lung diseases in patients cured of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1228781 TI - [Dynamics of the indicators of pulmonary ventilation in patients with disseminated tuberculosis of the lungs before and after surgery]. PMID- 1228782 TI - [Methods of graduate training of phthisiologists at the present-day level]. PMID- 1228783 TI - [Function of external respiration in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1228784 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological importance of detection of Australia antigen in patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 1228785 TI - [Role of chronic tonsillitis in the development of recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1228786 TI - [Kidney diseases after nephrectomy in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1228787 TI - [Structural-functional mechanisms of adaptation of human lungs under conditions of Far North]. PMID- 1228788 TI - [Degree of hazard presented by M. avium for farm animals and man]. PMID- 1228789 TI - [Anatomo-pathological characteristics of intrapulmonary fibrous tissue formation during treatment of destructive forms of tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific pneumonia]. PMID- 1228790 TI - [Teaching the subject of tuberculosis at the Sanitary-Hygienic Chair of the Medical Institute]. PMID- 1228791 TI - [Variant of roentgenological image of lobar azygosm vein]. PMID- 1228793 TI - [Asbestos bodies in the autopsy findings of the inhabitants of Zagreb and their relationship to malignant tumors]. PMID- 1228792 TI - [Case of side effect of rifadin]. PMID- 1228794 TI - [Pulmonary form of mucoviscidosis in the adult age]. PMID- 1228795 TI - [Chylothorax]. PMID- 1228796 TI - [Demons-Meigs syndrome]. PMID- 1228797 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with malignant tumors of the respiratory system]. PMID- 1228798 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer: presentation of personal results]. PMID- 1228799 TI - [Recent news in the treatment of tuberculosis. Our current therapeutic state]. PMID- 1228800 TI - [Some peculiarities in the clinical picture of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic patients]. PMID- 1228801 TI - [Effect of hospital treatment on further regularity of the tuberculosis therapy]. PMID- 1228802 TI - [Improved diagnosis of pulmonary echinococcosis]. PMID- 1228803 TI - [Neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum]. PMID- 1228804 TI - [Massive metastatic adenopathy of the hilus and mediastinum in patients with carcinoma of the kidney]. PMID- 1228805 TI - [Flow volume curve in the study of bronchial lability]. PMID- 1228806 TI - [Results of electroencephalographic and familial studies in Wilson's disease]. AB - The results of electroencephalographic and familial studies of 31 Wilson's disease patients coming from 26 kindreds are presented. Prior to treatment, 8 patients showed pathological conditions, while 9 and 11 patients showed borderline and normal conditions, respectively, it having not been possible to determine electroencephalographic conditions characteristic of Wilson's disease and find any relationships between the intensity of E.E.G. changes and the clinical picture and stage of development of the disease, respectively. Under penicillamine treatment, there was observed a tendency toward normalization of pathological conditions rather than deterioration of normal E.E.G. findings. So far as familial studies are concerned, the authors report the results obtained for 9 fathers, 19 mothers, and 24 siblings from a total of 21 kindreds; what is remarkable in this connection is the comparatively small percentage of normal E.E.G. findings for healthy siblings. It was only in one single kindred that it was possible to observe similarities between E.E.G. variations of individual family members. PMID- 1228807 TI - [Amnestic episodes. (Isolated episodes of confusion with amnesia, amnesic ictus, transient global amnesia)]. AB - The author, by giving an outline of one particular case as well as a survey of the relevant literature on transient global amnesia, describes the characteristic clinical picture that is characterized by a sudden loss of what is known as the short-time memory, which usually lasts for several hours, as well as by retrograde amnesia which sometimes dates back to many years. The condition gradually fades away within a few hours or during a night's sleep, and what remains is lack or loss of memory for the episodic period or sometimes retrograde amnesia. Relapses were not observed in the majority of patients. The disease usually develops in people in their sixth to eighth decades of life. The cause of the disease is not yet fully understood. Accordingly, it is justified to use such terms as autochthonous or cryptogenic amnestic episodes. The disease is also discussed from a differential diagnosis point of view. PMID- 1228808 TI - [Electroencephalographic findings in vertebro-basilar circulation disorders]. AB - The method of electroencephalography was used for examining 86 patients with clinical signs of vertebrobasilar blood supply disorders and bulbopontine localization of ischemic phenomena. Light to moderate diffuse alterations were found which manifested themselves, on the one hand, in a reduction in tension with a tendency toward desynchronization of the alpha rhythm and, on the other, in interspersed theta waves, sometimes with temporal localization. The determination of the location of the vascular process depends upon both the clinical syndrome and the performance of function tests during the electroencephalographic examination. The disproportion between the excellent organization of the bioelectrical activity and the severe clinical picture is sufficient reason to consider vascular damages to the pontobulbar portion of the brain stem. PMID- 1228809 TI - [Different responses in word association tests in normotensive and hypertensive subjects]. AB - Activation of latent associations by word stimuli of different emotional relevance as well as the accompanying electrophysiological tracings reveal statistically significantly characteristics in juvenile essential (arterial) hypertensives as compared to normotensives. This applies to the verbal reactions as well as to the electrophysical concomitants. Under additional cognitive demands both groups achieve better performance. This rise is significantly greater, however for hypertensives than for normotensives. Our special recording system permitted exact phonographic registration of the verbal stimulus and reaction as well as of the PGR. PMID- 1228810 TI - [Rearing behavior of parents of schizophrenic juveniles]. AB - The educational behavior of parents of schizophrenic juveniles with both favorable and unfavorable prognoses is discussed. The study reported by the author is based upon a three-factor concept of education, which comprises conflictive, laudatory, and fundamental situations. Consequently, parents of schizophrenic juveniles with either favorable or unfavorable prognoses will show different reactions in conflictive, laudatory, fundamental, and abnormal situations. (Statistical evidence of the results was obtained through the use of quality levels.) The results and their possible interpretations are discussed, and recommendations for behavioral or familial therapy, respectively, are given. PMID- 1228811 TI - [The importance of frontal chest x rays for the forefield diagnosis of complete transposition of the large vessels]. PMID- 1228812 TI - [Radiological early diagnosis of colon tumours with double contrast method (Malmo modification according to Welin) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228814 TI - [The value of postoperative cholangiography (author's tranls)]. PMID- 1228813 TI - [The value of preoperative radiological diagnosis for the differential diagnosis of infectious hepatitis and obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228815 TI - [Cholelithiasis in childhood survey and report on 14 radiologically diagnosed cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228816 TI - [Critical remarks on mammography]. PMID- 1228817 TI - [Dimer x myelography for the diagnosis of lumbar prolapse of the intervertebral disks (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228818 TI - [Parital and complete posttraumatic disinsertion with appositional calcifications in the radiograph of the pelvic skeleton of adolescent sportsmen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228819 TI - [First experiences with new compensation foils in the radiological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228821 TI - [The radiological diagnosis of lateral ligamental lesions on the knee-joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228820 TI - [On the radiation exposure in the standardized method of chest examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228822 TI - [Negative psychoanalysis and Marxism. Reflections on an objective theory of subjectivity]. PMID- 1228823 TI - [Psychoanalysis as social theory]. PMID- 1228824 TI - [A psychosomatic model of the pathogenis of ulcers]. PMID- 1228826 TI - Protective action of sex hormones against mast cell depletion and other deleterious effects of magnesium deprivation. AB - Dietary magnesium deficiency has been more damaging to the mast cells in females than in males. Estradiol at a dose of 1.5 mg per week for 4 weeks and testosterone at a dose of 3 mg per week in the males have resulted in lesser mast cell depletion in the magnesium-deficient animals. Large doses of testosterone have also improved in the condition of the skin, decreased the severity of other magnesium deprivation symptoms such as nephrocalcinosis, bone hyperplasia and nervous manifestations in the males. Testosterone has had no beneficial effect on mast cells of the females but the large dose has protected the kidney against nephrocalcinosis. Estrogen administration has aggrevated the production of kidney stones in the females. PMID- 1228825 TI - Blockade of amine depletion by nisoxetine in comparison to other uptake inhibitors. AB - Nisoxetine, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-3-phenyl-N-methyl-propyl-amine, is a new inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake. Nisoxetine antagonized 6-hydroxydopamine induced depletion of norepinephrine in mouse heart with an ED50 of 0.9 mg/kg but had no effect on p-chloroamphetamine-induced depletion of serotonin in mouse brain at doses up to 32 mg/kg. Using the antagonism of these depleting agents to estimate inhibition of uptake into noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons, we compared nisoxetine to several known amine uptake inhibitors. The order of effectiveness in antagonizing 6-hydroxydopamine action was protriptyline greater than desmethylimipramine greater than EXP 561 greater than nisoxetine greater than nortriptyline greater than chlorpheniramine greater than desmethylchlorimipramine greater than imipramine greater than doxepin greater than amitriptyline greater than chlorimipramine, with fluoxetine and its N demethylated metabolite (103947) having no effect. In blocking p chloroamphetamine, the order of effectiveness was EXP 561 greater than fluoxetine greater than 103947 greater than chlorpheniramine greater than chlorimipramine, with desmethylchlorimipramine, protriptyline, and nortriptyline having marginal effects and nisoxetine and the other drugs no effect at the highest dose tested, 32 mg/kg. Nisoxetine is thus one of the more potent and specific inhibitors of norepinephrine uptake, differing remarkably from fluoxetine to which it is related structurally. PMID- 1228827 TI - [Menopause]. PMID- 1228828 TI - [Synthetic organic dyes in liquid solutions. Contribution to the study of their stability]. AB - The A. studied the influence of storage conditions in regard to ten certified dyes contained in liquid pharmaceutical preparations: aqueous solution, simple and modified syrups and elixir, buffered at pH 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 7.0 AND 8.0. The diffuse light is the most important factor in the alteration of colorants in liquid dosage forms. The room temperature had influence over the following dyes: amaranth, F.D. & C. Red n; degrees 1; F;D. & C. Blue n. degrees 2; F.D. & C. Red n. degrees 4 and F.D. & C. Violet n. degrees 1. PMID- 1228829 TI - [Effect of irradiation and heat on the agglutination and mitogenic capacity of phytohemagglutinins]. AB - The authors studied the effect of ionizing radiation on hemaglutinating and mitogenic activity of phytohemaglutinis (PHA) in solution. 10 Krad (electron beam) are needed for the destruction of 50% of the aglutinating capacity. The mitogenic effect is more resistent to irradiation (70 Krad for 50% inactivation) maybe because both effects are due to different molecules. Changes were also followed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamida. The resistence to irradiation showed to be exponential function of the concentration of PHA in solution. PMID- 1228830 TI - [Value of proteins of the flour of cheastnuts of Para]. AB - The authors have made some chemical analysis of the deffated Brazil-nut flour. The average protein content was about 46% and aminogram showed that all the essential aminoacids were present in the protein, and a high concentration of total sulfur aminoacids was found. The chemical analysis also showed an utilization of about 54% for the Brazil-nut flour and 55% for the casein. However, the biological value of the casein prepared diet was higher than that prepared with Brazil-nut flour. PMID- 1228831 TI - [Comparative study of methods for the determination of urea in biological fluids]. AB - The authors have studied comparatively two methods to determine urea in relationship to the reference technic that utilizes urease. The authors observed that the diacetylmonoxime with thiosemicarbazide method showed the most similar results in comparison with the reference technic. PMID- 1228832 TI - [Identification of aminoacidopathies using thin layer chromatography of urine]. AB - The aminoacidopathies, inborn errors of aminoacids metabolism, are rare pathological conditions that have mental retardation as secondarty cause. Using TLC with cellulose as adsorvent and using specific solvents and developer, we can obtain early diagnosis of a great number of those biochemical deviations. The authors based themselves in Ersser's publications to effect this research, now in its initial phase. The author's principal aim is to transform the semi quantitative method into a quantitative one and to early diagnose the metabolic errors of aminoacids. PMID- 1228833 TI - [Chemical study of rosemary of Campinas. II]. AB - The flavone glycoside isolated from the leaves of Holocalyx glaziovii Taub. (syn. Holocalyx balansae Mich.) gave on hydrolysis kaempferol and rhamnose. The glycoside was identified by chemical, spectroscopic and chromatographic methods as kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). PMID- 1228835 TI - [Carnol as a stabilizer of the emulsion I system]. AB - "Carnol" insaponificable fraction from "chalky" carnauba wax, was tested for its emulsified system estabilizing abilities. The required HLB of test system, made up of mineral oil, water, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate and sorbitam monooleate, was 9.0. 1% of carnol (w/v) formed A/O emulsions (HLB less than or equal to 7.0), 2% carnol estabilized O/A emulsions with the required HLB of the test system and 3% carnol estabilized both types of emulsions. PMID- 1228834 TI - [Ratio of heat loss in a polyphasic system]. AB - The relative thermal differential (dtr) is proposed as a predictor for the thermal loss rate in a polyphasic system. The dtr enables one to predict the thermophoric element temperature in a closed system. Simplied grids for the calculation of linear equations and their correlation coefficients are presented. PMID- 1228837 TI - [Influence of proles vegetable enzymes on meat]. AB - Studies on the enzymatic digestion of food proteins are being carried out "in vitro" in order to prepare protein hydrolysates to be added to specific diet. The digested product is lyophilized to preserve its solubility characteristics. PMID- 1228836 TI - [Correlation between non-empirical electronic parameters and the therapeutic action of aminoacridine]. AB - By using the omega technique of molecular orbital calculations, certain non empirical electronic parameters (charge density, HOMO and LEMO) in acridine, five monoaminoacridines, and five diaminoacridines were determined. High correlations were found between: a) pKalpha and electron density at the ring nitrogen; b) pKalpha and LEMO; c) electron density at the ring nigrogen and bacteriostatic index; d) LEMO and bacteriostatic index. However, no good correlation was seen between HOMO and both pKalpha and bacteriostatic index. It was also found that LEMO values in acridines allow them to act as good electron acceptors in a charge transfer process. PMID- 1228838 TI - [Acid hydrolysis of mandioca]. AB - The influence of time of hydrolysis, pression of the process, ratio of mass of flour and volume and concentration of the acid solution was studied in the hydrolytic processes for Cassava flour. The aim was to obtain fermentable sugars, and the results were submitted to variance analysis. PMID- 1228839 TI - [Investigation on fats of Virola surinamenis; I. Glyceride and acid composition, and chemical nature of various unsaponificable components]. AB - The A.A. report a work done on the influence of hypophysectomy on fluoride metabolism by the bones of rats. The results obtained indicate that hypophysectomy enhances F concentration in bones and teeth. The F retained is function of the growth of the animals and depends on the type of mineralization of the colagen matrix. All these effects seem related to the thyroid hypofunction subsequent to the pituitary removal. PMID- 1228840 TI - [The andropause: slander or calumny? The andropause]. PMID- 1228841 TI - [Psychological aspects of aging in men]. PMID- 1228842 TI - [Androgens and psychosocial behavior in men]. PMID- 1228843 TI - [Memory and intelligence]. PMID- 1228844 TI - [Subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis or Van Bogart's disease (Principal cases and denomination of the disease)]. PMID- 1228845 TI - [Unwanted pregnancy and abortion]. PMID- 1228846 TI - [Preparation of immunoglobulins G,A,M (IgGAM) for therapeutic use. Conditions for enrichment in IgA or in IgM]. AB - Antibodies directed against viruses and bacteria are not equally distributed among the main classes of immunoglobulins, e.g. IgG, IgA and IgM. It has been found that IgM is mostly concerned with certain antibacterial activities (Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas) and IgA with high antibody titers for poliomyelitis virus I whereas antibody activities against many viruses such as influenza and measles virus occur preferentially in the IgG population. Furthermore, isolated immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes are actually well known. In the light of these findings, new concepts of immunotherapy have developed. Massive i.v. IgG-therapy is already widely used in congenital and acquired severe hypogammaglobulinemia. Preparations enriched in IgA and IgM are needed to complete the immunotherapeutical possibilities. Such a fraction called IgGAM has already been prepared in our Institute. Fraction III obtained during large scale fractionation is used as starting material and caprylic acid for the precipitation of most proteins other than the immunoglobulins present in fraction III. The immunoglobulin concentrate is finally obtained by ethanol precipitation of the caprylic acid supernatant. The present study is concerned with various modifications of the initial technique in order to obtain fractions more specially enriched in IgA or in IgM. In some cases the standard IgGAM fraction has been submitted to a further fractionation step, such as adsorption of IgG on DEAE-cellulose or precipitation of certain immunoglobulins achieved by Rivanol or by lowering the salt concentration. In other trials the fractionation procedure starting from fraction III has been modified. Rivanol has been used as a precipitating agent for the subfractionation of fraction III. It is well known that IgG is soluble in the presence of Rivanol. This technique was thus used in order to obtain preparations enriched mainly in IgM and IgA. The precipitate obtained after the addition of Rivanol was dissociated by NaCl and the solution further subfractionated by caprylic acid. In a similar way PEG was associated with the caprylic acid precipitation step. PEG precipitates proteins mainly in function of their molecular weight. However, the enrichment of IgM of the final fraction did not exceed 32% and much IgM was lost under the experimental conditions. It proved easiest to suspend fraction III in distilled water leaving IgM in the precipitate; it is dissolved and the solution submitted to a slightly modified caprylic acid precipitation step. This fraction contains 35-40% IgM, few (2-6%) IgA and about 50% IgG whereas an IgA (35%) enriched fraction is obtained when fraction III is solubilized with acetate at pH 6.2 and then submitted to precipitation by caprylic acid under slightly modified conditions as compared with our standard IgGAM. Thus, simple modifications of the standard procedure allow to prepare fractions enriched more specially in IgM or IgA. Fractions poor or almost devoid of IgG can also be obtained... PMID- 1228847 TI - [Application of a reversed passive hemagglutination test to the detection of HBs antigen]. AB - In this report we present an evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and ability to detect HBs Ag carriers of a new reversed passive hemagglutination test, using immunochemically purified chimpanzee anti HBs bound to stabilized human erythrocytes. The method was shown to have a sensitivity equal (within one two fold dilution) to that of the Ausria I 125 ratio immuno assay, and in a double blind comparison detected essentially the same number of Hbs Ag containing specimens among volunteer blood donors. The method therefore provides an economical method for the third generation testing of blood donors. The methodology which has been described incorporates a definitive specificity test in which serum drawn before and after immunization of chimpanzees with purified HBs Ag is compared for its ability to neutralize the hemagglutination reaction. The use of serum from the same animal for this purpose avoids the theoretical possibility that antiglobulin antibodies directed at subclass determinants such as Gm of Inv could be differentially inhibited due to possible subclass differences in the blocking sera employed. A reliable test for specificity of HBs Ag screening results is essential to avoid false notification of donors that they are carriers of hepatitis B virus. PMID- 1228848 TI - [Routine detection of HBs antigen in organisms from transfused blood]. PMID- 1228849 TI - [Detection of HBs with latex tests]. AB - Since 1971, several inert particles have been tested and proposed for HBs antigen screening, none of them being really used in routine. An evaluation is realized and presented, pointing out the main characteristics and the practical problems. We report our experience on two types of latex, simultaneously conducted through manual techniques and through Groupamatic 360 equipments. For one of them, TG Antigex, sensitivity and specificity are very satisfying and several batches are presently tested in order to quantify the reproducibility and stability features of the reagent. PMID- 1228850 TI - [Experimentation in Lille with the passive hemagglutination test for the detection of Australia antigen. Comparison with other methods]. AB - Among 5347 blood donors sera, the reverse passive hemagglutination test (RPH) enabled to detect 3,55% of HB ag (whereas 2,43% by EID). On the other hand, among 180 patients, the rate of positive reactions was observed to be the same for both techniques, which must be attributed to the presence of higher titer antigens. In the two series all positive reactions found by RPH method were also tested by RIA; this enabled to eliminate a great number (18% and 27%) of false positive reactions, which remain the disadvantage of the method. It must be also noticed that the complement fixation reaction gave the same results as the RIA. PMID- 1228851 TI - [Detection of HBs antigen by hemagglutination inhibition tests; experiment with standardization]. AB - The standarization of a reagent for automated detection of HBs antigen by an inhibition of the hemagglutination reaction is described. Its advantages are its specificity, its fast efficiency, its low cost. But, its handling is delicate and requires a good technicity. PMID- 1228852 TI - [Comparative study of three commerical preparations for the detection of Australia antigen]. AB - 2,944 sera from blood donors (420 of them being new donors) were tested in four techniques: Counterelectrophoresis (CEP) and three commercial tests: Ausria II, Auscell and Hepanosticon. Over 10 HBs Ag detected by RIA, 8 were evidenced by the Auscell test and 6 by the Hepanosticon Test. False positive results (approximately 3%) represent a disadvantage to the reverse hemagglutination method; this rate increased considerably in a group of 386 patients sera also tested. The authors conclude that the results obtained with the reverse hemagglutination technique are nearing those of RIA. PMID- 1228853 TI - [Evaluation of various radioimmunological techniques for the detection of antigen HBs]. AB - The different radioimmunoassay technics routinely used for detection of HBs Antigen are Ausria I, Ausria II, RIA and CLB/RIA. Classification of these techniques either liquid or solide phase, is realized by nature of the tracer (Antigen or Antibody radioiodinated). The sensitivity and the specificity are presented as the comparison with other reactions. There is no significative difference on 1089 tested samples between Ausria I and RIA. The percentage of false positives in RIA or CLB/RIA reactions is 1.5% when the incubation is at 20 degrees C and 1% when it is at 37 degrees C. Advantages, disadvantages, cost prices, automation and possibility of computer treatment are discussed. The utilization of reference sera is proposed and the problem of the utilization en France of the radioactive products is approached. PMID- 1228854 TI - [Detection of Australia antigen in Grenoble]. AB - The reverse passive hemaggluatination (RPH) technique for HB ag. detection is presently used at the Grenoble Blood Center; this technique has been slightly modified with a view to lowering the cost. A microtechnique which gave preliminary good results, is also described. PMID- 1228855 TI - [Fetomaternal hemorrhages and their importance in perinatal pathology]. AB - Transplacental haemorrhage is usually studied as an aspect of Rh immunisation prevention. In this paper the authors emphasize importance of this syndrome in noe-natology, as massive transplacental blood loss may result in severe foetal and neo-natal anemia or even lead to intra uterine death. Different technics for evidencing the presence of fetal cells in the mother's circulation are first discussed, the acid elution method appearing to be the easiest and fastest one. Results of nearly 40.000 Kleihauer's tests screening routinely performed in Paris at the time of delivery, are reported. The much higher frequency of very large transplacental haemorrhage is pointed out in cases of stillbirth. On a practical point of view, routine testing for transplacental haemorrhage finds its major interest in Rh prevention. A formula is proposed by one of the authors to calculate the most accurate dose of passive anti-D antibody in relation with quantitation of fetal haemorrhage. At last the autors attempt a new approach to the problem of neonatal unexplained anemias. Two different types of fetal bleeding are postulated, either chronic associated with haematologic signs of regeneration, or massive at the time of delivery without haematologic symptomatology. These condtions could lead to two different clinical pictures, either hydropsfetalis when chronic, or hypovolemic schock when massive and immediate. PMID- 1228856 TI - [Automatic pre-transfusion serology]. AB - This paper describes an automated apparatus combining Rosenfield's and Lalezari's antibody screening and identification basic technics. PVP bromelin and low ionic strength acid polybren channels are used; agglutinates are decanded; the remaining cells are hemolyzed and the optical density is then measured through a colorimeter and recorded on a chart; speed is of 40 samples an hour. This machine was also used for irregular antibody screening and identification. Sensitivity is shown to be equal to that of manual technics for ABO, Lewis, Lutheran as well as K, S, M, Kpb, Xga, U and Vel antibodies detection. Nevertheless, a much greater sensitivity is achieved (titers 3 to 10 times higher) than by manual technics for Rh, -k, S, Fya antibodies detection. Polybren channel is suitable for anti-Rh, Duffy, I and M (human detection; bromelin channel however, has a greater sensitivity for other specificities. Anti-M and anti-N sera from rabbits were shown to be non specific when using this machine. Over almost 15 000 sera tested, no antibody (detected by manual techniques) escaped the automated screening. This antibody detection machine was applied to compatibility tests prior to transfusion. (21 480 units were tested. aimed to be transfused to 5 611 patients). A third, PVP without bromelin, was set in parallel in order not to let escape any anti-M, even a weak one. The sera distributor was slaved to the cells distributor so that the whole procedure was automated. Furthermore, each serum was tested against red cells to be transfused, but also against the patient's own red cells to be transfused, but also against the patient's own red cells and against two selected red cells panels, so as to ensure irregular antibody detection at the same time. Using this machine, 3 to 4% of the cell samples were rejected, i.e. more than with usual techniques. All manually detected antibodies were identified, but also some others, which showed only weak reactions by classical techniques. Total results can be obtained within 20 to 30 minutes, which is quite rapid, compared to techniques using for example antiglobulin tests. PMID- 1228858 TI - [Blood microfiltration. Scanning electron microscopic study of the aggregates retained by a transfusion filter made of polyurethane foam]. AB - Preliminary studies of the transfusion filter Bentley PF 127, a polyfilter type with a graded serie of diameters of microfenestration are reported. Dog blood has been used in all instances of the trial phase. Variations of the hematological factors as well as biochemical disparities have been examined and all deposits were assessed by means of scanning electron microscope. Amounts of deposits increased with the blood age. As far as banked dog blood develops less microaggregates during storage than human blood, the SEM pictures reported are a plea for banked blood microfiltration in any transfusion to human beings. The deposits which were trapped in the polyurethane foam, had previously passed through a screen filter with pore size slightly wider than the standard one (250 microns instead of 170 microns). Unfortunately the possibility of thrombus formation is serious as far as banked blood is rather fragile, and due to a slow flow rate, the time of blood contact with the filter is enough to allow thrombus development. However, the amounts of clots greatly increased with the age of the blood. The importance of filtration by adsorption was not very visible. The future of such a depth filter is questionable: should we prefer a transfusion screen filter with small pore size, the efficiently of which is determined by its pore size, and which traps the microaggregates by mechanical retention, or a depth filter which is supposed to retain the microaggregates regard less of the size but which could be very easily thrombus invaded and does not allow a suffisant blood flow rate for patients needing large amounts of blood in period of initial resuscitation? The debate is open but we should recognize that a screen filter with small pore size is widely used in the hospitals. PMID- 1228857 TI - [Preservation of erythrocytes by freezing in liquid nitrogen. Use of an I.B.M. blood regenerator]. AB - The freezing of blood permits preservation of red cells over long periods of time, several months or years. Leucocyte and platelet contamination of red cell concentrates to be frozen is negligible. The amount of the various red cell metabolites (2.3 D.P.G., A.T.P., etc.) is maintained. Washing of thawed red cells removes the remaining plasma proteins and cell residues. The freezing method employed is that of Row et al. The protector used is 28% glycerol added in equal amounts to red cell concentrate to be frozen. The blood bag is kept in liquid nitrogen at -- 196 degrees C. Thawing takes place in a water bath at 45 degrees C. Wash solution is the IBM Blood regenerator. The solution used for removing glycerol is hypertonic natrium chloride. The following parameters have been investigated: --hemoglobin level; --osmotic fragility; --the amount of 2.3 D.P.G.; --residual glycerol after thawing; and clearance of leucocytes and platelets following each step of the protocol. Preliminary data regarding these features and therapeutic efficiency of processed blood are satisfactory. PMID- 1228859 TI - [Technics of erythrocyte preservation in the liquid phase and be freezing]. PMID- 1228860 TI - [A blood donor with the phenotype Bi]. PMID- 1228861 TI - [Phenotype A2B: expected and observed frequencies]. PMID- 1228862 TI - [Studies on Hempas erythrocytes]. PMID- 1228863 TI - [A Coombs positive baby]. PMID- 1228864 TI - Antibodies against the human pancreas in acute and chronic liver disease. AB - Different immunofluorescence reactions in the exocrine pancreas were observed with the sera of patients with acute and chronic liver disease. In the majority of cases the antibody, frequently associated with the antibody against the smooth muscle, reacted with diffuse organ-specific antigens in the cytoplasm; in one patient it reacted with fibrillar antigens in the cells, while in another case the fluorescence was due to antibodies against non-specific ribosomal antigens. The occurrence, nature and significance of these reactions are discussed. PMID- 1228865 TI - Studies on pancreatic scintiphotography. PMID- 1228866 TI - Conformational changes in chromatin from density inhibited WI-38 fibroblasts stimulated to proliferate. AB - Quiescent confluent monolayers of WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts can be stimulated to proliferate by replacing the old medium with fresh medium plus 10% serum. Circular dichroism spectra of chromatin from stimulated cells between 2 and 10 hrs after stimulation show an increase in positive ellipticity maxima and a blue shift in the 250-300 nm region. These changes are reversed when the stimulated cells enter DNA synthesis (which, in the present conditions, begins to increase at 12-15 hrs and reaches a peak at 20 hrs). The circular dichroism changes occurring 3 hrs after stimulation have been studied in greater detail. They consist in a 35% (average) increase in positive ellipticity and a blue shift in the 250-300 nm region. Changes in the gamma less than 244 nm region are less consistent. The differences between chromatins of stimulated and unstimulated cells are abolished when both chromatins are washed with 0.25 M NaC1. This procedure removes 10-12% of chromosomal proteins, which chromatograph with non histone proteins. DNA, RNA and histones could not be detected in the 0.25 M NaC1 extract. In gel electrophoretic profiles of radioactively labelled chromosomal proteins from stimulated and unstimulated WI-38 cells there were no detectable differences between histones. The non-histone proteins of stimulated cells showed one radioactive peak which was increased above the level of non-histone proteins from control cells. These results show that structural changes occur in the chromatin of WI-38 cells stimulated to proliferate several hrs before the onset of DNA synthesis. The fact that differences in the chromatins can be abolished by washing with 0.25 M NaC1 could give a clue as to the mechanisms responsible for these structural changes. PMID- 1228867 TI - Experimental determination of the operative parameters for a double antibody solid phase radioimmunoassay of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones in serum. AB - The experimental parameters of a Double Antibody Solid Phase (DASP) radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the determination of serum luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones, are described. The lowest detection limits can be fixed at about 20 pg LH and about 10 pg FSH. Evidence of parrallelism among the dose-response curves and the dilution curves of different sera is provided for FSH-RIA and for about 92% of the tested sera for LH-RIA. The antisera dilution curves are reported (final titres: (/160 - 10(3) for anti-LH and 1/40 - 10(3) for anti-FSH). The traditional cross-reaction study in buffer indicates that 5.38 and 46.8) muU TSH/ml mimic 1 ng LH/ml and 1 ng FSH/ml respectively. The regression-line equations of antigen recovery (f = found, e = expected) are: lH f = 0.94 LH e + 0.91 and FSH f = 1.05 FSH e + 0.17; the same equations when TSH is added become: LH f = 1.30 LH e + 1.46 and FSH f = 1.40 FSH e -- 0.37. It is concluded that LH-RIA is interfered by TSH over 8-10 muM TSH/ml and in function of TSH concentration; FSH-RIA is not interfered by TSH up to 4-5 ng FSH/ml; for higher FSH levels, TSH interferes according to a linear law (angular coefficient 1.40) and not in function of its concentration. LH and FSH levels throughout normal menstrual cycle in follicular phase, centre peak and luteal phase are: 3.14 +/- 1.16, 16.71 +/- 12.99, 2.31 +/- 1.04 ng LH/ml (mean +/ 2SD) and 3.57 +/- 0.95, 5.72 +/- 2.90, 2.57 +/- 0.80 ng FSH/ml (mean +/- 2SD) respectively. Finally, the within-assay coefficient of variation is 7.65% for LH RIA and 3.16% for FSH-RIA. PMID- 1228868 TI - [Comparative study of the action of x-rays (LD 50/30) on the thymus and bursa of Fabricius in young Wyandotte breed chicks (Gallus domesticus)]. PMID- 1228869 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the parvocellular and magnocellular elements of the preoptic nucleus of Coris julis L]. PMID- 1228870 TI - [DNA synthesis in polytenic chromosomes of the hybrid Anopheles atroparvus Anopheles labranchiae (Diptera : Nematocera)]. PMID- 1228871 TI - [Post-embryonal development and molts in Batillipes pennaki Marcus (Heterotardigrada)]. PMID- 1228872 TI - [Significant parameters of EEG potentials evoked by acoustic stimulation]. PMID- 1228873 TI - [New findings on the velocity of minimal conduction of the motor fibers of the nerve in normal subjects]. PMID- 1228874 TI - [Electroencephalographic abnormalities with absence of clinical manifestations: their clinical significance and prognosis with special reference to the activity of flying]. PMID- 1228875 TI - [Homolateral and controlateral disturbances in the tactile discrimination of the hemispheric lesions]. AB - Ten normal controls and 45 brain-damaged patients, affected by lesions of the right (N = 25) or of the left (N = 20) hemisphere were given a test of two points discrimination, in order to check the hypothesis of a different organization of the somesthetic function at the level of the dominant and of the minor hemisphere. Somatosensory thresholds were measured at the level of the back of the hands and of the back of the feet by means of a modified version of the Weber two-point aesthesiometer. When patients with lesions of the right and of the left hemisphere were compared the following results were obtained: --somatosensory thresholds were higher on the contralateral than on the ipsilateral side of the body in both groups of patients; --ipsilateral defects were found in about 20% of the brain-damaged patients, but no relationship was put in evidence between laterality of lesion and ipsilateral sensory defects. PMID- 1228876 TI - [Neuropathological study of a case of progressive familial myoclonic epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - We previously reported (Europ, Neurol., 3, 347-364, 1970) on two clinical observations of progressive myoclonus epilepsy in the same family. Now, we complete the clinical study showing the neuropathological findings concerning one of the two patients who died at the age of twenty. Degenerative neuronal alterations were found involving the olivo-cerebello-rubral system and, in a minor degree, the brain stem and thalamic structures. No Lafora bodies were found. These pathological features make it possible to suggest a differentiation from a first group of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (Unverricht-Lundborg) and another group (with epileptic manifestations) of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (Ramsay Hunt). We agree with the suggestion of other authors that it is difficult to establish precise differentiations between these groups at neuropathological level. We think however that the distinction is still possible on the basis of the clinical picture. Our observations cupport the hypothesis that our patient is an "abiotrophic" case of Unverricth-Lundborg syndrome, as we previously had suggested on clinical and especially neurophysiological findings. PMID- 1228877 TI - [Angioscintigraphy in the study of cerebrovascular accidents (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors analyse the results of cerebral angioscintigraphy, performed with gamma camera on-line with a MED II system, in 158 cases of ischemic stroke, 13 cases of hemorragic stroke and 29 cases of cerebral neoplasm. 84 cases of ischemic stroke and all the cases of hemorragic stroke and neoplasm had contrast angiography. The dynamic study has provided additional information in 51.3% of the cases of ischemic stroke (63.7% when the internal carotid artery involvement alone is considered), in 84.6% of the cases of hemorragic stroke and in 58.6% of the neoplasm cases. The same information moreover is almost always able to clarify the cause of the positive rectilinear brain scans, frequently uncertain in strokes. In cases of ischemic stroke correlations are considered between angiography and angioscintigraphy. In particular the value of the method is discussed as a screening procedure for the detection of extra-cranial vascular disorders, amenable of surgical therapy. The authors conclude that angioscintigraphy is the method that, separately considered, provides most of the useful information in the diagnosis of stroke. PMID- 1228878 TI - [Posterior partial rhizotomy and a new technique, posterior partial radiclotomy, in the treatment of tonic spasticity (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison between G r o s' technique and a new personal technique, performed in 24 patients suffering from spastic syndromes, offers an opportunity for a reappraisal of Foerster's method of treating spasticity. The best results were obtained in patients with postural spastic disorders. Because the posterior partial rhizotomy did not result in a complete preservation of deep sensation in all patients operated on, it seems questionable whether this technique should be performed in spastic patients who are acquiring (or have already acquired) an independent standing position of deambulation. The technique which we propose, the posterior partial radiclotomy, did not cause any sensory disorder and appears of therapeutic value also and especially in patients suffering from spastic syndromes of moderate degree. PMID- 1228879 TI - [Facial hemispasm and anomalies of the terminal portion of the vertebral artery (author's transl)]. AB - A revision is suggested of the concept of "essential hemifacial spasm": 23 cases have been studied in whom the facial spasm was the only symptom present, while in 8 other cases in addition to the spasm of facial muscles other symptoms were noticed suggesting a pathology of the ponto-cerebellar angle. In many cases the symptom "spasm" and other concomitant symptoms are a direct consequence of an irritation due to compression on the nerve root (and/or on other nervous structures) owing to stretch of the distal tract of the vertebral artery or of the initial segment of the basilar artery. In five cases the AA. studied the vertebro-basilar circulation and in four patients they have actually found pathological elongations of the great vessels. In 18 other cases it was only possible to assume the presence of analogous alterations. The AA. suggest a study of the vertebro-basilar circulation in all the patients with "essential hemifacial spasm". PMID- 1228880 TI - [Internal maxillary artery and collateral circulation in thrombosis of internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - From 53 cases of thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the neck, collateral circulation through external carotid branches was angiographically demonstrated in 34 subjects. Anastomosis between external and intracranial circulations was seen to take place through three ways formed by internal maxillary, superficial temporal and facial arteries. The role of internal maxillary artery is emphasised as the most important pathway in the connections between the two circles. PMID- 1228881 TI - [Surgical treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Physiopathological considerations and follow-up of 20 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The standard surgical procedures on either peripheral or central nervous system in the treatment of primary spasmodic torticollis are: myotomy, neurotomy, cervical rhizotomy, cortical topectomy, prefrontal lobotomy and a variety of stereotaxic nucleotomies and tractotomies (globus pallidus, thalamus, subthalamus, midbrain). These procedures are briefly reviewed. Some newly proposed operations are than discussed (Svien's labyrinthine suppression and Mazar's interruption of cortico-capsular head-turning pathways). The former surgical intervention is based on physiological and experimental evidence than an altered influence of the reticular substance of the midbrain on the "central" vestibular circuits may be relevant in the genesis of primary spasmodic torticollis. The results are reported of 20 personal cases treated with various surgical procedures with a maximum follow-up of 14.4 years (mean = 6.7 years). It is concluded that at present the most effective and reliable treatment is bilateral anterior rhizotomy of C1-C3 combined with unilateral or bilateral neurotomy (or spinal rhizotomy) of the 11th cranial nerve. The results were rated clinically as useful in 66.6% of the 15 patients treated with this procedure. PMID- 1228882 TI - [On the behaviour of the main immunoglobulin fractions in the CSF in the course of inflammatory conditions involving the CNS (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - Variations of the main immunoglobulin fractions in CSF were studied in 79 children with various inflammatory processes of CNS (purulent and viral meningitis, post-infectious meningoencephalitis, polyradiculoneuritis, etc). This study was extended to a group of non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Increased values of CSF immunoglobulins (especially IgG and IgA) were found in the group of purulent meningitis and in the group of post-infectious meningoencephalitis. IgM was detected in very few cases. Generally, a correlation was observed between highest concentrations of CSF immunoglobulins and degree of meningeal inflammatory response, even if this was a component of other neurological diseases. It is suggested that the rise of CSF IgG and IgA may depend upon the CSF-blood barrier damage, as it occurs in most inflammatory diseases studied. On the contrary, a production "in situ" of CNS could explain the presence of cerebrospinal IgM. PMID- 1228884 TI - [Schools and hospitals]. PMID- 1228883 TI - [Regional cerebrovascular circulation. Measurement technics, regulation, changes in cerebrovascular disorders, and pharmacologic modification]. PMID- 1228885 TI - [Hygienic problems of drinking water supply by means of technical installations]. PMID- 1228886 TI - [Drinking water hygiene and drinking water legislation]. PMID- 1228887 TI - [Hygienic viewpoints in the disposal of waste water]. PMID- 1228888 TI - [Waste disposal]. PMID- 1228889 TI - [Air-hygienic-meteorological pilot study]. PMID- 1228890 TI - [Housing and morbidity]. PMID- 1228891 TI - [Traffic and industrial noise - practical experiences and basis for calculations]. PMID- 1228893 TI - [The crisis and decline of the central city. Examples from the U.S.A]. PMID- 1228892 TI - [Effects of noise and equivalent permanent noise level]. PMID- 1228894 TI - [Human-ecological basis of space use]. PMID- 1228895 TI - [The responsibility of the public health physician in city and regional planning]. PMID- 1228896 TI - [Green space rule and environmental hygiene]. PMID- 1228897 TI - Occupational lead exposure in Finland. IV. The polyvinyl chloride plastic industry. AB - One hundred and fifty-two workers from ten polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic factories were studied for lead exposure. Blood lead (Pb-B) concentration was measured for all the workers, urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala) for 130 workers, erythrocyte alpha-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ala-d) activity for 59 workers, and blood hemoglobin concentration or 93 workers. The median Pb-B for all the workers was 37 mug/100 ml, and the highest median found for one factory was 63 mug/100 ml. The highest single Pb-B value found was 126 mug/100 ml. The jobs with the heaviest lead exposure were those of mixing and weighing lead stearate powder. It is assumed that replacing the powder with a granule form of lead stearate will diminish the hazard of lead exposure in the future. Urinary ALA concentrations and erythrocyte ALA-D activities corresponded well with the Pb B concentration, but the hemoglobin values did not show any relation to lead exposure. It is concluded that in the PVC plastic industry of Finland the risk of exposure to lead is high and regular health examinations should be performed. PMID- 1228898 TI - Electrophysiological studies on rabbits in long-term exposure to carbon disulfide. AB - Electroneuromyography was performed as part of a multidemensional study of experimental carbon disulfide poisoning of rabbits. Ten rabbits were exposed by inhalation of 750 ppm of carbon disulfide for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 10 weeks. A slowing of the motor conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was clearly observable during the course of exposure. This slowing preceded clinical paralysis, which became severe in the hind limbs within 9 weeks. Although the amplitude of the motor response to stimulation diminished markedly towards the end of the exposure period, a response of about 2 mV was always elicitable. Definite fibrillations could be noted in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rabbits after exposure for 9 weeks. In the two rabbits allowed to recover, the fibrillations continued for up to 2 months after the cessation of the carbon disulfide exposure. As the paralysis was very severe, even though the nervous conductivity was rather well preserved, it was assumed that a lesion at the spinal cord level was combined with neuropathy. These experimental findings from rabbits agreed well with results from clinical studies of workers occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide. Some similarities, but also differences, were observable between neurophysiological findings in carbon disulfide and other forms of experimental toxic neuropathy. PMID- 1228899 TI - Determination of toxic metals in blood by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. AB - An application of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the analysis of various toxic metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium) in whole blood was studied, and two techniques for sample preparation (vacuum drying and nitric acid combustion) were compared. The acid combustion method appeared to be superior on the basis of the accuracy and precision of the determinations. The tungsten-target X-ray tube was suitable for determining manganese, nickel, and vanadium, the lowest limits of detection being 0.021 mug/ml, 0.035 mug/ml and 0.017 mug/ml, respectively, and the precisions being between 4.25 and 6.92%. The sensitivity and reproducibility for lead, cadmium, and chromium were unsatisfactory. A comparison between the recoveries of X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption analyses demonstrated that the X-ray method is suitable for determining manganese, vandium, nickel, cadmium, and lead. The poor sensitivity of the X-ray method, however, restricts its practical use. For vandium the results obtained by X-ray fluorescence were superior to those measured by a colorimetric method. No significant differences were observed between the results of single component and multicomponent analyses at the metal concentrations usual in physiological and toxicological cases. PMID- 1228900 TI - Charcoal sampling method for determining the concentration of styrene in air. AB - The vapors of styrene (vinylbenzene) were trapped on charcoal in a glass tube. Air from the worker's breathing zone was sucked through the tube by a battery operated, modified, MSA personal sampling pump. The sampler and pumping system were worn by the worker. The styrene were eluted with dimethyl formamide and estimated by gas chromatography. The range and sensitivity of the method when sampling with a flow rate of 0.2 1/min during 1 h were 5 to 1,500 ppm, and during 4 h they were 2 to 400 ppm. The recovery (accuracy) was over 90%. The precision for the method, in terms of relative standard deviation, was 8.4%. PMID- 1228901 TI - Blood lead levels and erythrocyte delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase activity of selected population groups in Helsinki. AB - The levels of lead in the blood of the adult general population in Helsinki were determined during the period May 1972-June 1973. The possibility of occupational exposure to lead was scrupulously excluded.As control groups rural population groups were sampled in the commune of Pertunmaa and the communes of Haapajarvi and Pyhajarvi. The concentrations of air-suspended particulate lead were studied during 1 year in Helsinki and Pertunmaa; the population groups were sampled from the geographical vicinity of the sampling sites. Care was taken to ensure the accuracy and precision of the analytical methods at experienced laboratories. The annual mean concentration of lead in air in Helsinki ranged from 0.43 to 1.32 mug/m3. The corresponding mean at the rural sampling site (Pertunmaa) was 0.025 mug/m3. From an international standpoint, the Pb-B levels were low. The highest mean Pb-B value in groups of the general population occurred in the rural male group (12.3 mug/100 ml); and the lowest, in the female respondents of the Pertunmaa survey (7.9 mug/100 ml). A group comprising 86 male streetsweepers from Helsinki displayed a Pb-B mean value of 13.3 mug/100 ml, and 28 traffic-directing policemen displayed a mean of 13.5 mug/100 ml, a finding indicating a slight increase in lead absorption. No effect on the Pb-B levels of traffic alone was detectalbe within the general population; thus no statistically significant differences were found between downtown and rural or suburban Pb-B levels. The observation that the Pohjois-Haaga suburbanites disclosed higher Pb-B levels. The observation that the Pohjois-Haaga suburbanites disclosed higher Pb-B levels than did other suburbanites indicates that factors other than traffic should be borne in mind in the assessment of the effect of traffic on lead absorption. The delta amino-levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) assay proved useful and reliable in the discrimination between separate groups whose Pb-B levels differed to a small but measurable extent. The negative correlation between Pb-B and ALAD activity was found to prevail at a statistically significant level still at Pb-B levels of 10 mug/100 ml or lower. PMID- 1228902 TI - Relationship between work environment and anamnestic health status. Use of predictors, indicators and indices for the evaluation of medical and environmental factors. AB - Experience with computerized medical record systems in handling medical data in hospital and health screening environments has led to the development of a new approach to the evaluation of medical data. Predictors and indicators quantify the "information value" of medical data and can, theoretically, do so for all types of data. This paper describes the methodology and presents the results obtained when the technique was applied to the anamnestic data of the medical history and environmental data about the conditions in the work environment. Over 4,000 individuals who underwent multiphasic health screening were used as a data base for this study. From these 4,000 persons 3,164 were used for the calculation of anamnestic predictors and indicators and 1,013 for the environmental predictors and indicators. Anamnestic environmental indices were calculated upon 77 test individuals so as to correlate the association and dependence of the two indices. PMID- 1228904 TI - Effects of a welding helmet and dust respirators on respiration at rest and during exercise. AB - The influence of welders' protective devices on respiration at rest and during exercise was studied under laboratory conditions. During exercise the devices caused increased ventilation and increased arterial carbon dioxide tension. In the case of the welding helmet the increase was probably a consequence of increased dead space. It is concluded that the physiological affects on respiration are of minor importance in themselves, but they should be taken into account when the degree of exposure to welding fumes is evaluated. PMID- 1228903 TI - Methods for measuring trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in blood and urine after exposure to trichloroethylene. AB - A description is given of procedures for the analysis of trichloroethanol, conjugated trichloroethanol, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in blood and urine. The determination of TCA is effected by measuring its decarboxylation product chloroform. The methods depend on extraction with isooctane and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography. PMID- 1228906 TI - [Histogenesis of the central nervous system of the fetus in various developmental periods and at various levels]. PMID- 1228905 TI - Problems related to shift work. A field study of Swedish railroad workers with irregular work hours. AB - A group of 132 engineers from the north of Sweden was included in the study. A subsample of about 50 subjects was selected for further laboratory investigations during a light and warm summer period and a dark and cold winter period. The mean for the hours of sleep noted on the sleep records was significantly lower for night work than for day work. The amount of sleep during night work was significantly less during the light period than during the dark period as was the amount of sleep during the day off. Body temperature measured during work followed a daytime pattern and had a low amplitude. Potassium excretion and the blood levels of cortisol displayed a stable circadian rhythm with a daytime pattern. Many environmental factors made the results of catecholamine data difficult to interpret. The frequency of reported peptic ulcers was higher in the engineer group than in some other groups. PMID- 1228907 TI - [Bartter's syndrome - nanosomia with hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 1228908 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1228909 TI - [Methodology in the treatment of ulcer disease. Current methods]. PMID- 1228910 TI - [Determination of individual serum protein fractions in acute and chronic inflammations of the middle ear]. PMID- 1228911 TI - [Health condition of the apprentices in the industry of Leskovac region]. PMID- 1228912 TI - [Mild form of Hirschsprung's disease in a boy with idiopathic diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 1228913 TI - [Subocclusion and malabsorption syndrome in diffuse polyposis of the small intestine]. PMID- 1228914 TI - [Case of herpes zoster and varicella in a child]. PMID- 1228915 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in children. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 1228916 TI - [Neonatal intestinal pneumocystosis]. PMID- 1228917 TI - [Infections in diabetic children]. PMID- 1228918 TI - [Unusual forms of plasmacytoma]. PMID- 1228919 TI - [Treatment of complications and sequelae of tracheotomy]. PMID- 1228920 TI - [Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on the ovarian dysfunction]. PMID- 1228921 TI - [Role and significance of arterial anastomosis in establishing the collateral circulation in the abdomen]. PMID- 1228922 TI - [Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Genetical, clinical and electrodiagnostic study of 2 families]. PMID- 1228923 TI - [Our approach to the medical treatment of gastric ulcer]. PMID- 1228924 TI - [Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 1228925 TI - [X-ray and clinical aspects of a case of malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia (M. Jaffe-Lichtenstein)]. PMID- 1228926 TI - [Characteristics of autosensitization in nonspecific lung diseases with a productive course of the inflammatory process]. PMID- 1228927 TI - [State of the immunological reactivity in respiratory diseases of nonspecific etiology]. PMID- 1228928 TI - [Some indices of microbial allergy in the infectious-allergic form of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1228929 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the destructive forms of cancer and tuberculosis of the lungs]. PMID- 1228930 TI - [Clinical and functional study of the effectiveness of a new Soviet preparation of etimizol in bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis]. PMID- 1228931 TI - [Change in the contractile capacity of the left and right cardiac ventricles depending on the severity of the course of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 1228932 TI - [Participation of the lung in the metabolism of biologically active compounds]. PMID- 1228933 TI - [Pulmonary insufficiency in chronic bronchitis (its pathogenesis and reversibility)]. PMID- 1228934 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of protracted bronchitis]. PMID- 1228935 TI - [Bronchographic evaluation of the state of the bronchial tree in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1228936 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of oligosymptomatic acute pneumonias]. PMID- 1228937 TI - [Inhalation-perfusion scanning of the lungs in evaluating pulmonary ventilation and circulation in chronic inflammatory processes]. PMID- 1228938 TI - [Change in the functional dead space in the lungs]. PMID- 1228939 TI - [External respiration and blood histamine and serotonin levels in chronic pneumonia in the exacerbation phase]. PMID- 1228940 TI - [Ventilation and gas exchange reactions to physical loading (60 W) in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1228941 TI - [System of determining the degree of activity of chronic pneumonia based on factor analysis]. PMID- 1228942 TI - [Functional signs of a threatening onset of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1228943 TI - [Bronchospastic syndrome]. PMID- 1228945 TI - [Characteristics of conservative treatment of stomach ulcer in middle-aged and old persons]. PMID- 1228944 TI - [Markedness of the immunopathological component and its detection in infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1228946 TI - [Comparative characteristics of therapeutic effectiveness of a number of drug combinations in patients with ulcer disease]. PMID- 1228947 TI - [Study of biochemical composition of bile in complex treatment of noncalculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 1228948 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1228949 TI - [Characteristics of clinical course of early liver cirrhosis developed immediately after serum hepatitis]. PMID- 1228950 TI - [Functional state of the small intestine in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 1228951 TI - [Functional state of the bile secretory system and exocrine function of the pancreas in gastric and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1228952 TI - [Perforation of anastomosis of the transverse colon at remote postoperative period during prednisolone treatment]. PMID- 1228953 TI - [Antibodies to smooth muscle in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1228954 TI - [Vitamin A and carotene content of blood serum in patients with Botkin's disease]. PMID- 1228955 TI - [Acute alcoholic hepatitis as a nosological form]. PMID- 1228956 TI - [Characteristics of albumin metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1228957 TI - [Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1228958 TI - [New theories of pancreatic external secretion: pancreatic hypersecretion]. PMID- 1228959 TI - [Exocrine function of the pancreas in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1228960 TI - [New aspects in the problem of chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 1228961 TI - [Certain indicators of carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism and endocrine function of the pancreas in obesity before and after treatment]. PMID- 1228962 TI - [Clinico-morphological aspects of chronic gastritis]. PMID- 1228963 TI - [Results of duodenoscopy in dynamic observation of duodenal ulcer under conditions of gastroenterological clinic]. PMID- 1228964 TI - [Parietal digestion in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1228965 TI - [Clinical aspects and certain problems of pathogenesis of ulcer disease in its association with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1228966 TI - [Pentagastrin test in intragastric pH-metry]. PMID- 1228967 TI - [Importance of quantitative determination of chlorine in gastric contents for diagnosis of secretory disorders in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 1228969 TI - Age-dependent changes in the morphology of brown adipose tissue in mice. AB - The multocular fat cells of brown adipose tissue of the mouse show an age dependent change to the unilocular fat cell type. This change starts immediately after birth and continues throughout life. This morphological change can be correlated with the animal's age-dependent decrease in tolerance to a cold environment. PMID- 1228968 TI - [Method of treatment of chronic stomach ulcers by injecting prolonged-action celnovocaine into the gastric submucosa through fibrogastroscope]. PMID- 1228970 TI - Uptake of colloidal thorium dioxide by the mouse connective tissue mast cell. AB - The ability of the mouse mast cell to phagocytize colloidal thorium dioxide, Thorotrast, was investigated employing the mouse connective tissue air pouch. The connective tissue mast cell of mouse was found to have limited capability to ingest the particulate Thorotrast in comparison to the rat peritoneal mast cell which ingested this material readily. Fibroblasts and macrophages in the connective tissue removed injected Thorotrast very rapidly in contrast to mast cells that demonstrated limited phagocytic capabilities. The tissue mast cell of the mouse, therefore, should not be considered a part of the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 1228971 TI - The measurement of iron in rat liver tissue and subcellular fractions using atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - To permit the measurement of iron in small amounts of liver tissue or subcellular fractions, a procedure based on wet ashing and atomic absorption spectroscopy has been developed. This procedure, which can detect iron down to a concentration of 0.1 mug/ml, has been used with ferric chloride and Jectofer (iron-citric acid sorbitol complex) solutions as well as liver homogenates and subcellular fractions. Interference from constituents of liver tissue has not been observed and measurements on fractions appear to be quantitative. Individual determinations had a variability of approximately 10%. PMID- 1228972 TI - Aflatoxin effects with liquid crystalline cholesteryl esters of duckling sera. AB - An objective of this study was to determine indicator parameters of blood sera that are symptomatic for degenerative hepatic cholesterogenesis and lipid transformations induced with carcinogenic mycotoxins. A technique was developed for electrophoretic separation of liquid crystalline cholesteryl esters within beta lipoprotein fractions of duckling sera. These birefringent moieties decreased to 110 mug/mg low-density lipoprotein during 10-day bioassay periods for normal, nontoxin fed ducklings, but remained unchanged--179-189 mug/mg-for toxin-fed principals ingesting 0.988 mug aflatoxin/g feed throughout the bioassays. Their composition was principally cholesteryl esters with liquid crystalline characteristics determined by the oleate and linoleate content. Increased cholesterol levels--11.4% to 17.1% within sera of the nontoxin group- resulted in more frequent spherulitic mesoforms. The 0.9% to 1.8% taurochenodesoxycholate content within all sera samples induced stable cubic liquid crystalline forms. With polarized microscopy, cholesteric anisotrophs of sera were unique in composition and iridescent visage for each aflatoxin level regime. This specific dicroism was correlated with the corresponding hepatic histology. PMID- 1228974 TI - Electromyographic activity of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the human tongue. AB - In healthy human subjects, electromyographic activities (EMG) were obtained from various tongue muscles. Main actions such as protrusion, retraction, and changing of the shape of the tongue can be correlated with the EMG activity of the respective muscles. Amongst all tongue muscles the paired genioglossus (protruder) is of greatest importance since it prevents a relapse of the tongue with occlusion of the airways and the attendant risk of suffocation. To counteract the relapse of the tongue, the tonic activity of the genioglossus is markedly increased in the supine position; this activity is further increased with cervical flexion. In addition, the genioglossi are activated during respiration, particularly during the inspiratory phase. These activity patterns reflect the important role the genioglossus plays in the mechanics of maintaining an open air passage to the lungs. PMID- 1228973 TI - Antimetabolites of pantothenic acid, ureido- and carbamoyl-derivatives. AB - Pantothenic acid analogs have been synthesized that contain alkyl and/or arylureido and carbamate functions in the beta-alanyl portion of the amide moiety of the vitamin. The analogs are inhibitory to growth of lactic acid bacteria at concentrations as low as 0.6 mug/ml, and the inhibitions are competitively reversed by supplements of pantothenic acid. The carbamate derivatives are more toxic to growth of Lactobacillus plantarum 8014 and Pediococcus cerevisiae 8042 than the ureido analogs, and chloro-substitutents on the aryl group significantly increase the toxicity of the analogs. PMID- 1228975 TI - Serum parathyroid hormone: a double antibody radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) using a double antibody system is described. Because of the immunolgoical heterogeneity of the hormone in human serum, the standard used has been serum from a patient with parathyroid carcinoma. With the use of the synthetic 34 amino acid N-terminal fragment of PTH, the anti-PTH antiserum was determined to react primarily with the N-terminal end of the molecule. PTH was detectable in the sera of 25% of normal subjects and elevated in 18 of 19 patients with parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma. Serum PTH levels were elevated in 3 of 5 patients with parathyroid hyperplasia. PMID- 1228976 TI - Effects of exogenous ATP on short-circuit current and potential difference of the isolated frog skin. AB - The addition of ATP (10(-3) M = final concentration) to the bathing medium of either side of the isolated frog skin resulted in parallel increases in potential difference and short-circuit current. Reductions in these electrical parameters induced by anaerobic conditions and sodium azide could be partially reversed by exogenous ATP. The response is apparently not mediated by cyclic adenylic acid, as it was not enhanced by theophylline. Ouabain failed to reduce rates of phosphate liberation induced by ATP, although potential difference and short circuit current were reduced. PMID- 1228977 TI - [Editorial: Hospital medicine]. PMID- 1228978 TI - [Treatment at home versus treatment in the hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228979 TI - [The cooperation of general practitioner and practising specialist (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228980 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine in every day's consultation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1228981 TI - [Indirect blood pressure measurement (sphygmomanometry) and possibilities of error]. PMID- 1228982 TI - [Management of psoriasis]. PMID- 1228983 TI - Sudan mucosal leishmaniasis. AB - New cases of mucosal leishmaniasis and the first case of espundia-like muco cutaneous leishmaniasis are reported from the Sudan. Cases previously reported are reviewed and the geographical distribution, clinical features, pathology, immunology and treatment of the disease are described. The majority of cases came from the known kala azar endemic regions of the central Sudan. The disease was seen in adult males, it commonly affected the mouth and nose causing in some cases permanent damage to teeth and nasal septi. In the lesions, the cellular infiltrate was composed mainly of histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The number of parasites present was inversely related to the number of lymphocytes but was not related to the number of plasma cells. The level of the increased serum immunoglobulins was not constantly correlated with the number of any particular cell in the infiltrate. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) was effective in the majority of cases. PMID- 1228984 TI - Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis. AB - A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death. PMID- 1228985 TI - Systemic amyloidosis in Uganda. An autopsy study. AB - Seventy-nine cases of systemic amyloidosis were found in a survey of the autopsy records of 23 years at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, an incidence of 0-57%. The variable world incidence is described. Fifty-two cases were secondary to chronic inflammation and in 27 cases no underlying disease was apparent. Primary amyloid is more common than might be expected, and appears to occur at a younger age to that seen in developed countries. The organ distribution of primary and secondary amyloid is similar, with heavy renal involvement. These findings might be explained by chronic antigenic stimulation enhanced by impaired thymic dependent immunity. Secondary amyloidosis is not as common as would be anticipated in view of the high incidence of chronic inflammatory disease. PMID- 1228986 TI - Relative effectiveness of neutron and gamma radiation of trypanosomes for immunizing mice against African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 1228987 TI - Passive transfer of immunity in human Schistosomiasis mansoni: effect of transfer factor on early established infections. PMID- 1228988 TI - Micro-organisms in filarial larvae (Nematoda). AB - Unusual bodies have been described in the hypodermal tissues of larval Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi. Ultrastructural evidence indicates that these bodies are probably Gram-negative micro-organisms. It appears that the presence of large numbers of these bodies in an early embryo may affect development adversely. Their importance at later stages of development of filariae is not known. PMID- 1228989 TI - A case of serum IgM deficiency in an area of high endemicity of malaria (Northern Nigeria). PMID- 1228990 TI - Preliminary notes on the prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Brazil. PMID- 1228991 TI - Meriones persicus, another probable reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. PMID- 1228992 TI - Letter: Chloroquine psychosis. PMID- 1228993 TI - Letter: Onchocerciasis and streptocerciasis in patients with leprosy. Altered Mazzotti reactions. PMID- 1228994 TI - Opportunist mycobacterial pulmonary infection and occupational dust exposure: an investigation in England and Wales. AB - This paper reports a study in England and Wales in which the industrial and non industrial dust exposures and smoking habits of those whose pulmonary disease was due to opportunist mycobacterial infection were compared with a control group of similar age and same sex whose infection was with M. tuberculosis. Of 70 males, 53 were found to be infected with M. kansasi, 9 with M. xenopi, 6 with M. intracellulare and 2 with other opportunist mycobacteria. Only 8 females were found, of whom, 5 were infected with M. kansasi, and 3 with M. intracellulare, Those infected with M. kansasi were on average 6.5 years younger than those infected with other opportunist mycobacteria. There was no evidence of differences between patients infected with M. kansasi and their controls in various indices of past exposure to dust. A significantly higher proportion of patients infected with M. kansasi gave a history of current dust exposure at the time of diagnosis than patients infected with M. tuberculosis. There was an apparent association between infection with M. kansasi and exposure to the dusts of the metal grinding trades, but no association with a previous history of coal mining. The study suggests that the systematic establishment of the current occupations of all new patients suffering from disease due to M. kansasi should enable the occupations with high risk to be identified. PMID- 1228995 TI - Occupation and Kansasii infection in Cardiff residents. AB - Cardiff men with M. kansasii infections were matched with tuberculosis cases and their occupations compared. A significant association emerged between kansasii infection and certain types of dusty work. PMID- 1228996 TI - [The treatment of helminthiasis with thiabendazole]. PMID- 1228997 TI - [1974-1975 influenza season and results of the laboratory studies]. PMID- 1228998 TI - [Microcrystalloscopic identification of drugs derived from guanidine. III]. PMID- 1229000 TI - [The behavior of protozoa in an electric and electrolytic field]. PMID- 1228999 TI - [Phenol inactivated Semple vaccines, field survey and potence studies]. PMID- 1229001 TI - [Various biological activity studies on anabolic preparations]. PMID- 1229002 TI - [Bacteriological stool examination in 100 children]. PMID- 1229003 TI - Methods of war against communicable enteric diseases. PMID- 1229004 TI - [Problems of interactions between drugs and plastic containers]. PMID- 1229005 TI - [Case of alpha heavy chain disease]. PMID- 1229006 TI - [Congenital ectodermie dysplasia (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 1229007 TI - [Behcet's disease]. PMID- 1229008 TI - [Criteria of diagnosis of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 1229010 TI - [Tuberculosis of the breast]. PMID- 1229009 TI - [Intracardiac thromboses]. PMID- 1229012 TI - [Pleural puncture biopsy with Abrams' needle]. PMID- 1229011 TI - [Pseudo-surgical aspects of intestino-peritoneal tuberculosis]. PMID- 1229014 TI - [Rachitic lung. Apropos of 11 cases]. PMID- 1229013 TI - [Clinical case: respiratory distress in an adult disclosing a tracheal plasmocytoma]. PMID- 1229015 TI - [New data on the hypothalamo-hypophyso-gonadotropic axis]. PMID- 1229017 TI - [Nutritional state of patients with renal insufficiency on periodic hemodialysis (apropos of 7 cases treated in Tunisia)]. PMID- 1229016 TI - [Male Turner's syndrome (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 1229018 TI - [A case of isolated laryngocele]. PMID- 1229019 TI - [Massive pulmonary hemorrhage in newborn infants. Etiologic and clinical considerations apropos of 24 fatal cases]. PMID- 1229021 TI - [The familial long Q-T-syncope syndrome (an unusual case of the Romano-Ward syndrome)]. PMID- 1229020 TI - [Hydatid balloon type images; radiographic clearance in 5 years]. PMID- 1229023 TI - [Complications of acute appendicitis in children]. AB - Among 976 children with acute appendicitis 966 were operated upon, 169 of them (17.4%)-for common appendicitis, 401 (41.2%)-for phlegmonous appendicitis, 396 (40.4%)-for gangrenous appendicitis; 10 children were subjected to surgery due to the presence of appendicular infiltration. Preoperatively, in 137 (13.7%) patients peritonitis was observed: local-in 90, diffuse and progressive-in 47. There was noted a dependence of complications on the terms of the disease and patients' stay at the hospital prior to surgery. Following the operation in 98 (10.1%) patients different complications were observed: the postoperative wound suppuration (61), inflammatory processes in the abdomen (infiltrations, abscesses in 33), intestinal obstruction (2), intra-abdominal hemorrhage (1), enteric fistula (1). There were no lethal issues. The preoperative complications were conditioned by gravity and advanced forms of the principal lesion, technical drawbacks in operation and treatment of purulent peritonitis. PMID- 1229022 TI - [Anti-reflux operations in children with primary vesico-renal reflux]. AB - Antireflux operations after the Gregoir-Lich technic was performed in 50 children on 72 ureters; resection of the distal ureteral portion with neoimplantation after the Politano-Leadbetter technic was accomplished in 31 patients on 46 ureters; nephroureterectomy-in 4 patients due to destruction of the organ. Morphological studies of 50 by the defect in development of muscles of the distal ureteral portion (diffuse, hyperplasia of muscle bundles, focal or segmental underdevelopment of muscles, etc). In insignificant muscle hypoplasia chronic inflammation resulting in sclerosis is of major importance for pathogenesis of insufficiency of the uretero-vesical segment. The changes described are manifested in the clinico-roentgenological picture of the disease. In reflux, grade III-IV, according to the R. A. Bridge and C. W. Roe classification resection and neoimplantation of the ureter after the Politano-Leadbetter technic seem to be indicated; in grade II antireflux Gregoir-Lich surgery may be performed. PMID- 1229024 TI - [Acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children, simulating "acute abdomen"]. AB - The author reports three cases of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis, in which the symptoms of "acute abdomen" were predominant. In the first patient an erroneous laparotomy was performed. Some characteristic features in diagnosis of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis with such clinical picture are analysed. PMID- 1229025 TI - [Diagnosis of intermuscular lipomas in children]. AB - According to the data of literature intermuscular lipomas are observed in children, but rarely. The diagnosis of intermuscular lipomas presents certain difficulties since these tumors are frequently taken for sarcomas. Biopsy seems to be an important diagnostic method. From 1967 to 1972 the authors observed intermuscular lipomas in 3 children. One case report of a large intermuscular lipoma of the femur in a 2 year-old child is described. Surgery is considered to be the principal method of treatment for intermuscular lipomas. Recurrent intermuscular lipomas should be regarded as a warning against liposarcoma. PMID- 1229026 TI - [Inflammation of the appendix in strangulation of the cecum in left inguinal hernia]. PMID- 1229027 TI - [Errors in diagnosis and treatment of injuries of cervical vertebrae]. AB - An analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic errors is presented based on observations of 264 patients with injuries to the cervical spine and their sequelae. Errors in interpretation of x-ray films could arise through improper knowledge of the roentgenological picture of cervical vertebrae, especially of the first and second. In clinics of general surgery skeletal extension is employed only in limited cases, whereas in applying the Glisson loop axial deformities of the spine could be eliminated but not always to a full extent. Errors in estimating the capacity for work result in development of post traumatic insufficiency of the cervical spine and osteochondrosis. PMID- 1229028 TI - [Errors in recognition of acute diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity and urinary tract]. AB - In the paper, an analysis of diagnostic errors in treatment of 731 patients is given. 499 of these patients were directed to the clinic with acute abdominal diseases, while clinical investigations revealed pathological changes in the urinary tract. In the second group consisting of 232 patients, directed to the clinic with the urinary tract pathology, acute diseases of the thoracic and abdominal organs were recognized. Based on the analysis of clinical findings and the literature data, the author indicates that in the differential diagnosis of these lesions the primary attention should be given to a careful questioning of patients and available methods of exploration, since complicated diagnostic apparatuses seem to be necessary only in special cases. PMID- 1229029 TI - [Acute ischemia of the left half of the large intestine after aorto-iliac reconstruction]. PMID- 1229030 TI - [Treatment of patients with injuries of the ligaments of the knee joint]. AB - 178 patients with various ligamental injuries were treated according to the technique elaborated at the Institute. To restore ligaments preserved tendon homografts from the long fibular tendon with a remained terminal bone fragment were employed. The techniques of Gay-Growth-Smith and Sitenko underlie the methods of tendinoplasty applied. Following the operation therapeutic exercises, using water basin, massage, mechanotherapy and different kinds of physical therapy were employed differentially. Good results were obtained in a vast majority of patients (91.6%). PMID- 1229031 TI - [Bronchological examinations under intravenous anesthesia and artificial pulmonary ventilation by the Sanders method]. PMID- 1229032 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 1229034 TI - [Removable fixator of the pin and supporting platform for the G.A. Lizarov's compression-distraction apparatus]. PMID- 1229033 TI - [Removal of a foreign body from the infratemporal fossa]. PMID- 1229035 TI - [Restoration of work capacity after radical operations in gastric cancer (survey of Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 1229036 TI - [Diagnosis of an osseous form of hyperparathyroidism]. AB - Under observation were 66 (50.3%) of 130 patients with an ossific form of hyperparathyroidism. Fourty five patients showed the classical picture of Recklinghausen disease, and 21-only diffuse osteoporosis. The correct diagnosis would be established 4-5 years following the onset of the disease. During the period of most distinct manifestations pains in bones were noted in 93 per cent of cases. Two thirds of patients showed marked atonia and fatigue. Pathological fractures were multiple and were observed in 45 of 66 patients (totally 125 fractures). Great importance in establishing the diagnosis of the form of hyperparathroidism is attached to roentgenological investigation of all bones and biochemical assay of blood and urine. PMID- 1229037 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cystic formation in the lungs]. AB - Twenty cystic formations in the lung were studied in 9 male and 11 female patients. The study was based on the principle of correlation of clinical, roentgenological and morphological data. In 12 cases solitary pulmonary cysts were recognized. All of them proved to be pseudocysts, i. e. of an inflammatory destructive origin: as a cleared abscess (5) or sanated tuberculous cavern (7). The cavities of true (bronchial) cysts were studied in 6 observations. It has been found that they are conditioned by previous tuberculous bronchoadenitis and related with scarring stenosis of bronchi. In one observation a cystic pulmonary formation was doubtlessly of a congenital character and proved to be an extrapulmonary bronchial cyst (extralobar sequestration). PMID- 1229038 TI - [Functional morphology of gastric mucosa in the syndrome of celiac artery stenosis before and after decompression]. AB - Under study were morphological changes in the gastric mucosa in 40 patients with the syndrome of abdominal ischemia due to a varying degree of stenosis of the celiac artery, and in 8 patients without any changes in the celiac artery. In 10 cases the mucous membrane was studied histoenzymologically. In a marked stenosis of the celiac artery there was observed an atrophy of the mucosa and decreased general activity of succinate-, lactate, and NAD-N-dehydrogenases on account of a decreased number of cells, in which these enzymes are revealed. In early stages of the disease restoration of blood flow would result in normalization of the mucous membrane structure. PMID- 1229039 TI - [Bio-and histoenzymatic methods of examination in the evaluation of liver function in temporary compression of the hepato-duodenal ligament]. AB - The experiments with a compression of the hepato-duodenal ligament for 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 minutes were conducted on 75 dogs. A correlation of the data obtained in bio-histoenzymatic studies on the liver condition after various terms of compression of the hepato-duodenal ligament allowed a conclusion as to irreversible changes in the liver after 50 minutes of exsanguination. PMID- 1229040 TI - [Changes in blood serum proteins and blood electrolytes in patients with rectal fistulas and hemorrhoids]. AB - Changes in blood serum and electrolytes were studied in 113 patients with rectal fistulas and hemorrhoid. The data obtained provided the opportunity for estimating objectively the intensity of inflammatory and destructive processes in pararectal cellular tissue. PMID- 1229041 TI - [Prognostic importance of lymphocytosis in obliterating endarteritis]. AB - Based on observations of 317 patients with obliterating endarteritis, the most persistant effect following the complex therapy was noted in patients showing lymphocytosis after the treatment. The overwhelming majority of patients with unfavourable issues of the therapy showed lymphopenia. So, of 67 patients showing lymphocytosis after 2--3 courses of the therapy 48 patients proved to be practically recovered. But there was no recovery among 30 lymphopenic patients, and in 13 cases the extremity had to be amputated. Among 220 patients showing the normal amount of lymphocytes the repeat course of the therapy resulted in a complete recovery in 19, in 2 cases the extremity was amputated. PMID- 1229042 TI - [Histamine content in the tissue of lower limbs in varicose veins]. AB - The histamine level was studied in the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and in the vein of the upper third of the femur and lower third of the medial crural surface in 24 patients with venous varicosity of the lower extremities. The histamine concentration in the femoral skin was found to be within normal physiological limits. The histamine content in crural tissue was dependent on the presence of trophic changes in the skin, and it was the higher the more grave were these changes. As a result, the authors make a conclusion that histamine plays some role in formation of general microcirculatory shifts characteristic of development of trophic disorders in the skin in case of the disease concerned. PMID- 1229043 TI - [Hemodynamic disorders in nonspecific chronic leg ulcers]. AB - The state of regional hemodynamics in crural ulcers was studied in 180 patients by means of hemodynamic tests, oscillography, capillaroscopy, thermometry, phlebotonometry, phlebography. studies of blood biochemistry and gas content, as well as acidbase reserves. The changes observed proved to be not identical in varicous, thrombotic, ischemic, traumatic and pyogenic ulcers. The pathogenetic importance of and conditions for a secondary development of some or other hemodynamic disorders were determined, which being kept in mind permit an individual approach to the therapy, including the methods of correction of arterial and venous blood flow. PMID- 1229044 TI - [Certain principles of prevention of recurrences after surgical treatment of tongue cancer]. AB - Based on the analysis of late results, obtained in the combined treatment for cancer of the tongue in 138 patients, the materials of studying intra- and extraorganic lymphatic bed on 119 anatomical preparations of the tongue and bottom of the oral cavity, as well as the data of an acute experiment on 12 dogs, the authors offer reasonable grounds for some principles of prophylaxis against local recurrences in surgical removal of the tongue and bottom of the oral cavity for cancer. The suggested technic of surgical intervention can be used practically both by specialists of oncology and surgery, who are well experienced in the face and jaw surgery. PMID- 1229045 TI - [Causes of death at the early post-traumatic period]. AB - The causes of lethal issues in the acute period in 897 patients with grave associated injuries are analysed in detail. A definite morphological substrate of injuries would underline grave functional disturbances. The principal causes of mortality in trauma were as follows: acute massive blood loss (35.5%), primary damage of the ventilatory apparatus and acute respiratory insufficiency (24.8%), impairment of the specific function of vitally important organs (29.7%), or various combinations of these leading mechanisms of tanatogenesis. Most frequent hazards of an acute period of grave injury in the practice of treatment and reanimation (delayed diagnosis, inadequate infusion therapy, aspiration and regurgitation) are emphasized. Based on the results of the analysis made, some trends of improvement of modern methods of reanimation and treatment are delineated. PMID- 1229046 TI - [Pelvic bone fractures in middle-aged and old persons]. AB - Patients having pelvic fractures make 5% of all patients over 60 years of age with bone fractures. Transport traumas (traffic accidents) are predominating. Of 63 persons shock of a different degree due to massive intratissue blood loss was observed in 17. Three objects from this group died as a result of uncompensated shock (1) and septic complications (2). Forty six patients were admitted in a satisfactory condition, three of them died from concomitant complications (pneumonia, diabetic coma). PMID- 1229047 TI - [Surgical fixation of the spine in fractures in the thoracic and lumbar segments]. AB - Posterior alloplastic fixation of a damaged spinal portion was accomplished in 68 patients. In 20 cases fracture was associated with spinal dislocation. In such cases when a compressive spinal fracture is accompanied with insignificant signs of spinal concussion one should follow an expectation policy, since an early operation may be inherent in some additional trauma and result in inhibition of regenerative processes. For spinal fixation Lavsan was employed in 23 patients, a tightening device-in 28, metallic CITO plates-in 17. In 6 objects fixation with the plates was associated with arthrodesis of intervertebral junctures. Late results were studied in 49 patients. In 40 cases the results were good, in 4 satisfactory, in 5-poor. The best results were noted in fixation of the damaged portion with the plates, these should be preferred to other fixators in fracture dislocation of the spine. PMID- 1229048 TI - [Principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of occupational injuries in ballet dancers]. AB - In the paper, a 20-year experience with practice of the sport and ballet-trauma department at Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedy, named after N. N. Priorov, and 7-year activities of the medical-ballet dispensary at Bolshoi Theatre of the USSR on diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of occupational traumas in ballet-dancers are summarized. Some basic principles of diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis in occupational injuries in ballet-dancers are described. As a result of the employed prophylactic measures the incidence of trauma has fallen thrice as low. PMID- 1229050 TI - [Gunshot dowel injuries]. AB - In the practice of building construction a panel mounting pistol is widely used for driving in special fastening parts. Injuries would frequently result from the fastening member ricocheting from the object. On the example of 19 injuries a necessity of surgical treatment in such patients due to grave damages of tissues and organs is warranted. PMID- 1229049 TI - [Osteosynthesis with bone screws in closed oblique and screw-like fractures of the long tubular bones]. AB - 295 patients subjected to screw osteosynthesis for closed oblique and screw-shape fractures of crural, brachial and antebrachial bones were under observation. The use of screws of a cylindrical form with a somewhat conus-like head and deep slit seems to be most rational for osteosynthesis. To apply screws properly two drills should be available. One should be equal to the diameter of a screw, the other 0.5 mm less. Following screw ostenosynthesis an adequate plaster dressing is applied for 2-3 months. The results of the treatment were good in 280 patients (95%) and poor-in 15 patients (5%). The causes of failure were as follows: improper indications to screw osteosynthesis, an early cessation of immobilization of an extremity in a plaster dressing, and too early loading on the extremity. PMID- 1229051 TI - [Abdominal wound with multiple injuries of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 1229052 TI - [Remote results of treatment of hypospadias]. AB - Based on the experience with surgical treatment of 11 patients showing radiation necrosis, it is concluded that the vascular wall is resistant to the effect of x rays. The presence of ulcer of any size with pulsating vessels on its bottom should not be the reason for rejecting surgery. PMID- 1229053 TI - Mouse encephalitis induced by avirulent Semliki forest virus. AB - Encephalitis caused by avirulent Semliki Forest virus was studied at regular intervals for 6 weeks in experimentally infected mice. The most obvious lesion was perivascular cuffing. Microglia were predominant near the vessels early in the infection. The cells of the cuffs were mostly lymphocytes. Although the virus produced acute encephalitis, which gradually resolved by 6 weeks, at no time were there abnormal neurological clinical signs. The cells of the brain and the immune response reacted to eliminate the virus. PMID- 1229054 TI - Pathogenetic studies of infection of the bovine fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus. II. Ocular lesions. AB - Twenty-three susceptible pregnant heifers were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus at 150 +/- 1 days of gestation. Seven additional heifers were inoculated between 65 and 115 days of gestation. Acute ocular lesions were seen in fetuses taken 17-21 days after inoculation of the dams at 150 days. By the fourth week, the acute lesions were beginning to resolve, and in newborn animals focal to total retinal atrophy was seen. The acute lesions were characterized by a mild to moderate retinitis that resulted in various degrees of destruction of the different layers, mononuclear cuffing of inner retinal vessels, proliferation of pigment epithelium, and choroiditis. Residually there was an absence of cellular elements in the atrophied areas of the retina, frequently a loss of layering and various numbers of pigment-containing cells. Moderately severe acute inflammation was seen in the retina of the fetus taken at 22 days after inoculation of its dam at 95 days. Ocular lesions did not occur in the other fetuses taken from heifers inoculated at earlier stages of gestation. PMID- 1229055 TI - [Systemic cutaneous and subcutaneous amyloidosis in the horse]. AB - A 9-year-old horse had numerous firm, painless nodules of the skin and subcutis. Moderately vascular granulation tissue with numerous uni- or multinuclear reticuloendothelial cells was in the nodules and the regional lymph nodes but not in the viscera. By using special stains and electron microscopy, widespread amyloid deposits, mainly in the cytoplasm of reticuloendothelial cells, were identified. Amyloid was probably produced within the reticuloendothelial cells, then expelled from the dying cell and deposited in the intercellular space. PMID- 1229056 TI - Inhaled feed particles in experimental pigs with and without vitamin A deficiency. AB - An attempt was made to experimentally reproduce an unusual respiratory disease of pigs fed a dusty mixture of finely ground peas, wheat, and barley. Groups of vitamin-A-deficient piglets from this herd were either given dry feed and daily exposure to dust from the feed or were given wet feed. Vitamin-A-fortified pigs of another stock were also given the dry feed and dust exposure. The upper and lower respiratory tracts, renal pelves, and interlobular ducts of salivary glands were studied histologically. The distinguishing features of lungs were starch particles from feed (up to 31.2 mum in diameter) in all lungs (but more in lungs of pigs given dry feed), free alveolar macrophages, giant cell formations, and mild degenerative processes of respiratory epithelium. The epithelium of most renal pelves was marked by mucinous degeneration. PMID- 1229057 TI - Giant cell tumor of soft parts. A report of an equine and a feline case. AB - Masses removed from the superficial fascia of the jugular groove of a 12-year-old Arabian mare and from the femoral canal of a 7 1/2-year-old female cat appeared to be counterparts of the human malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts, even recapitulating the clinical behavior of the respective subgroups. Histologically, both neoplasms contained the characteristic features of the malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts: large multinucleate giant cells, pleomorphic mononuclear giant cells, histiocytes, fibroblasts and fibrocytes that were sometimes sarcomatous, and foci of hemorrhage and necrosis. Ultrastructural characteristics of the giant cells suggest mesenchymal origin with osteoblastic or chondroblastic differentiation. PMID- 1229058 TI - Age-dependent resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. III. Effects of epithelial cell kinetics on coronavirus production and on atrophy of intestinal villi. AB - Coronavirus titers in small intestine, degree of villous atrophy and apparent rates of regeneration of intestinal villi were compared in newborn, 3-week-old and adult pigs for 1 week after they were exposed to the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine. The response within the newborn group was homogeneous, resulting in high virus titers, maximal villous atrophy and comparatively slow regeneration. In general, virus titers were lower, villous atrophy was less severe and regeneration more rapid in both older groups than in the newborn pigs. However, the response varied greatly in the older groups. The 3 week-old group was divided into two populations. The major population had low virus titers and developed partial villous atrophy, whereas the minor population had marked villous atrophy and virus titers comparable to those of the newborn pigs. These observations support the hyposthesis that the accelerated replacement of villous epithelium in the small intestine of pigs during the first 3 weeks contributes to the innate age-dependent resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis. The accelerated replacement of villous epithelial cells in older pigs contributes to resistance in two ways. The increased proliferative capacity of crypt epithelium results in a more rapid regeneration of atrophic villi; and the comparatively young villous absorptive cells resulting from accelerated replacement produce less virus per cell than the older ones of the newborn pig. PMID- 1229059 TI - The ultrastructure of macrophages in granulomatous colitis of Boxer dogs. AB - Thirteen cases of granulomatous colitis of Boxer dogs were studied by electron microscopy to define the contents of macrophages and to seek infectious agents. Macrophages were of three types. The most numerous were distended with residual bodies composed of membranes and parallel pairs of membranes, many arranged in circular patterns. A second common form had heterogeneous cytoplasm distended with phagosomes containing numerous small granular spheres of various sizes and electron densities. The least common were "young" macrophages containing phagocytic vacuoles. Rare macrophages in four of 13 dogs contained bacteria. Macrophages in five of the dogs contained abundant coccoid, coccobacillary of lobulated granular structures, 100-500 nm in diameter, resembling chlamydia. Transition from phagocytic particle to phagosome to residual body was apparent. Granulomatous colitis of Boxer dogs is probably caused by a lipid-rich, ribosome rich, coccoid to coccobacillary organism that possesses a cell membrane and sometimes a nucleoid, and ranges from 100 to 500 nm in size. PMID- 1229060 TI - Brain stem gliomas in cats. PMID- 1229061 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma in Indian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 1229062 TI - Infiltrative transitional-cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in a buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 1229064 TI - [Climatic evaluation of a territory for the organization of rest and recreation]. PMID- 1229063 TI - Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with various types of estrogen derivatives. PMID- 1229066 TI - [Meteoropathological reactions and their prevention in hypertension at Jurmala health resort in Riga]. PMID- 1229065 TI - [Cellular and humoral factors of autosensitization and the immunological reactivity of bronchial asthma patients under the influence of microclimate treatment in salt mines]. PMID- 1229067 TI - [Effect of a general thermal procedure on the human cardiovascular system adapted and nonadapted to cold]. PMID- 1229068 TI - [Changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system in cervicothoracic osteochondrosis in combination with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis under the influence of pulsed ultrahigh-frequency, decimeter and centimeter wave therapy]. PMID- 1229069 TI - [Measured walking as a method for the physical rehabilitation of patients in the early posthospital stage following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1229070 TI - [Development of experimental myocarditis under conditions using various concentrations of hydrogen sulfide baths]. PMID- 1229071 TI - [Effect of nitrogen baths on the state of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the peripheral vessels]. PMID- 1229072 TI - [Use of copper electrophoresis in the overall treatment of acute pneumonia in young children]. PMID- 1229073 TI - [Effect of therapeutic electrophoresis by different methods on blood oxygen saturation in children with whooping cough]. PMID- 1229075 TI - [Effect of individual sea bathing on patients having undergone myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1229074 TI - [Urgent problems of treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease by means of physical factors]. PMID- 1229076 TI - [Therapeutic effect of artificial carbonate baths on patients with coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1229077 TI - [Reactions of patients with certain diseases of blood circulation system to procedures of exercise therapy (according to tele-electrocardiographic data)]. PMID- 1229078 TI - [Heliotherapy in certain diseases of blood circulation system]. PMID- 1229080 TI - [Effect of general contrast baths on hemodynamics in healthy persons]. PMID- 1229079 TI - [Proteinization of adrenergic hormone mediators in the myocardium with the use of peloids]. PMID- 1229081 TI - [Exercise therapy in complex treatment of cervical osteochondrosis in the pre- and postoperative period in diskectomy with anterior spondylodesis]. PMID- 1229082 TI - [Change of exocrine pancreatic secretion in patients with chronic cholecystitis under the effect of Karmadon mineral water (Spring No. 3)]. PMID- 1229083 TI - [Effect of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field in continuous and pulse regimens on the indicators of serotonin metabolism in patients with ulcer disease]. PMID- 1229084 TI - [Use of iodine-bromine baths in complex pathogenetic treatment of patients with psoriasis at the Nal'chik health resort]. PMID- 1229085 TI - [Microbial count as an index of the possibility of transport of mineral waters]. PMID- 1229086 TI - [Apparatus for automatic signalization during the conduction of climatotherapeutic procedures]. PMID- 1229088 TI - [Importance of the sanatorium-health resort stage of treatment in the system of medical rehabilitation of patients]. PMID- 1229087 TI - [Health resort and physical therapy factors in the rehabilitation of patients with the most frequently encountered diseases]. PMID- 1229089 TI - [Importance of sanatorium treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with vibration disease]. PMID- 1229090 TI - [Treatment of patients with diffuse glomerulonephritis in local specialized sanatoria]. PMID- 1229091 TI - [Clinical-physiological characteristics of patients with scoliosis and the use of exercise therapy in their treatment at specialized boarding schools]. PMID- 1229092 TI - [Dynamics of the functional state of the parenchymal cells of the liver in patients with gout and deforming osteoarthritis under the influence of radon baths and their combination sith electrosleep (according to the data of radiohepatography with Bengal red-I131)]. PMID- 1229093 TI - [Effectiveness of staged sanatorium-health resort treatment of adolescents with rheumatic diseases of the cardiovascular system in Kislovodsk]. PMID- 1229094 TI - [Influence of sanatorium-health resort treatment on the activity of some enzyme systems of the bile and blood in children with diseases of the biliary tract]. PMID- 1229095 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of inductothermia in the complex treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the hepato-biliary system]. PMID- 1229096 TI - [Influence of heparin electrophoresis on the functional state of the myocardium in patients with coronary atherosclerosis]. PMID- 1229097 TI - [Functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal system in children in the process of adaptation to the climate of the southern coast of the Crimea]. PMID- 1229098 TI - [Morphological and histochemical study of the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of iodine-bromine-sodium chloride baths in experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 1229100 TI - [Influence of ultrasound on the indices of the function of external respiration in patients with silicosis]. PMID- 1229101 TI - [Therapeutic swimming as a method of rehabilitative therapy in the sequelae of pelvic fractures]. PMID- 1229099 TI - [Changes in the sensitivity and reactivity of the frog heart to acetylcholine following the action of constant magnetic fields]. PMID- 1229102 TI - [Permeability of the circulatory capillaries in children with infectious nonspecific polyarthritis, before and after sanatorium-health resort treatment]. PMID- 1229103 TI - [Value of the internal use of radon water for the purpose of increasing therapeutic effectiveness]. PMID- 1229104 TI - [Level of benz(A)pyrene in dried fruit prepared in domestic tunnel dryers]. PMID- 1229105 TI - [Influence of qualitatively different fats on the level of cholesterol and phospholipids in the blood serum and liver on rats in choline-protein insufficiency]. AB - The effect of lard and sunflower oil making part of a cirrhogenic ration with a high content of fat and deficient protein and choline on the level of total and esterified cholesterol and phospholipids in the blood serum and liver was studied. The experiments lasted for 150 and 210-240 days. Changes in the level of cholesterol and phospholipids in the blood serum and liver of the rats were noted to occur from the first days of developing fat dystrophy (fatty degeneration) of the liver, these changes gaining in intensity with lengthening of the test periods and progressive development of the pathological process. The quality of the fat influenced the extent of the upset cholesterol and phospholipids metabolism, since the saturated fat which accelerated and intensified the development of lipohepatosis and cirrhosis caused a significantly greater accumulation of the cholesterol ethers in the liver and reduction of these ethers, as well as of phospholipids in the serum. An addition of choline to the rations prevented the development of lipohepatosis, but failed to avert upsets of the lipids metabolism. PMID- 1229107 TI - [Influence of various amounts of dietary protein on the age-related peculiarities of protein synthesis]. AB - In tests set up on young and old rats receiving isocaloric food rations with 9, 18 and 36 per cent of casein and by using glycin-20(14) the intensity of the tissular and serumal proteins biosynthesis was studied. An elevated content of protein in the rations of young animals, as distinct from the old ones, promotes activation of the assimilation and dissimilation phases of the proteinic metabolism. A low protein content in the rations finds its expression young animals in restriction of adaptation possibilities, in reduced intensity and in lowered intensity of the protein synthesis, although it continues at a higher level than in older animals. Differences in the level of the studied figures in young and old animals are pronounced least with the 18 per cent ration, this bearing proof to the absence of any essential age-specific difference in the requirements of the organism in food proteins, when its content in the rations is optimal. PMID- 1229106 TI - [Metabolism of Co58 labelled vitamin B12 in white rats under normal conditions and in starvation]. AB - The effect of complete facting on the distribution of vitamin B12-Co58 in the organs of albino rats and excretion of the label from their organism were studied. Complete fasting did not alter the order in which the summary amount of the labelled compound accumulated in different organs. After 2 days of complete fasting in animals sacrificed 3 and 24 hours following introduction of the tagged vitamin the incorporation of the atter in the organs drastically decreased by comparison with controls. In the group of animals sacrificed 3 hours after introduction of the tagged vitamin two peaks of mounting relative specific radioactivity (RSR) of the organs were detected, viz. on the 4th and 11th day. In the group of animals sacrificed 24 hours after introduction of the vitamin B12 CO58 the RSR of the organs began to rise starting from the 4th day and continued up to and including the 11th day of complete fasting. On introduction of B12-Co58 to the animals complete fasting doubled the rate of the radioactivity passage with urine and feces. PMID- 1229108 TI - [Influence of an anti-atherosclerotic diet containing a protein enricher on the clinico-biochemical indices of patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Observations covered two groups of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The first, control group (50 patients) received a course of treatment with antiatherosclerotic diet, while the second (50) was kept on a curative diet that included a protein enrichment agent. It was found that the patients of the lastly named group demonstrated, along with an improved general condition and diminution of basic clinical manifestation of IHD, a more noticeable fall of all the lipid fractions and also a more distinct and significant reduction of an elevated permeability of the capillaries to protein. The results obtained justify recommending inclusion of the protein enrichment agent in the diet of patients with IHD, to increase the biological value of the ration and the effect of the ongoing dietotherapy. PMID- 1229109 TI - [Influence of reducing diets on the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of the fatty tissue in patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity]. AB - The glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity by the fatty tissue in patients with alimentary adiposity was studied. A well-marked fall of the activity by comparison with controls, especially in patients with hyperlipidemia, was revealed. Following treatment of the patients with reduction diets their falling body weight was paralleled by significantly rising activity of the fatty tissue G 6-P-D. Tests in vitro failed to show pyridozine and pyridoxal-6-phosphate to affect the activity of the enzyme. PMID- 1229110 TI - [Influence of the storage and culinary processing of irradiated potatoes on the cytogenetic activity of extracts obtained from them]. AB - Male-rats (25--27 g) were given perorally extracts separated from potato subjected to gamma-radiation in a dose of 10 krads (test groups) and from nonirradiated tubers (controls). The extracts were introduced for a period of one week, daily in an amount of 1 ml. The male from the test groups (each numbering 8 -10 animals) received extracts of the raw potato stored for 4 months after irradiation and of the potato subjected to thermal treatment (cooking) after 1 day, 1 and 4 months of its storage. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells was determined by the anaphase method. Altogether about 34 thous. cells (500-600 from each animal) were counted. The results testified to a significantly reduced frequency of chromosomal aberrations (bridges and fragments) occurring in the bone marrow cells of the mice which received extracts from the raw stored irradiated potato and from thermally treated freshly irradiated tubers, as compared to extracts obtained from the raw freshly irradiated potatoes. The extracts of irradiated potato cooked after 1 and 4 month of storage did not display any mutagenic properties. PMID- 1229111 TI - [Degree of oxidation of oils in the production of canned food]. AB - Data on the degree of the thermal oxidation of vegetable oil in some samples of canned fish are reported and these indicated that the oil contains on the average 1.5 per cent of the oxidation products. A comparatively high degree of the oil oxidation is, apparently, due to the fact that the fish processing factories lack clearcut instructions as to the way and the timing with which is to be used in direct-heat fish ovens. PMID- 1229112 TI - [Dialdehyde starches and their hygienic evaluation]. AB - The paper carries some information on modified starches. Tests were staged on albino rats (males and females) to investigate samples of maize dialdehyde starches with the degree of oxidation of 0 (control), 5, 10 and 25 per cent. For 20--25 days the animals were fed on a synthetic diet in which the whole of the starch was replaced with the dialdehyde starch. As demonstrated, the 25% oxidation starch produced an adverse effect on the rats, viz. the animals lagged in the weight gain, suffered from diarrhea and the content of the intestinal enzymes was below that in controls. Feeding of the rats on starch with a lower degree of oxidation was attended by retardation in weight but did not produce any noticeable functional intestinal disorders. PMID- 1229113 TI - [Estrogenic effect of white head cabbage (Brassica aleraceae)]. AB - An extract obtained from dessicated white cabbage with the help of chloroform and introduced subcutaneously or perorally to sexually immature mice in an equivalent corresponding to 5 g of the dry product for a space of 4--6 days displayed an extrogenic action. Long-term storage, souring, cooking of the cabbage result in a somewhat diminished estrogenic activity of the cabbage. PMID- 1229114 TI - [Washability of syntanol DS-10 from kitchen utensils]. PMID- 1229115 TI - [Level of trace elements in chicken meat]. PMID- 1229116 TI - [Gel chromatographic method of selective extraction of synthetic dyes from food products]. PMID- 1229117 TI - [Extraction and characterization of a gastrosecretagogue peptide from the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - A peptide which stimulates gastric acid secretion in the rat has been isolated from the normal porcine pancreas. It consists of 13 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 1286. It has been named GSP (gastrosecretagogue pancreatic peptide) on account of its main biological activity. Although its influence on gastric acid secretion is gastrin-like, there are marked biochemical and immunological differences between gastrin and GSP. The two substances are separable from each other by Sephadex gel filtration, by ion-exchange chromatography, and by disc electrophoresis. Furthermore, there are differences in the UV-absorption spectrum and in the amino acid composition. GSP does not react with gastrin antibodies in a radioimmunological system. GSP is considered to be a new polypeptide hormone by means of which the pancreas plays a role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 1229118 TI - [Modes of occurrence of accidental scalds and burns in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The modes of occurrence of scalds and burns of varying severity in infancy and childhood were statistically compiled from the case notes of 790 patients admitted to the Department of Paediatrics, University of Graz during the years 1968 to 1973. The most frequent mode of injury was pulling down pots containing hot fluids from stoves and other elevated places (37% cases); 26% of the children were scalded by tripping over pots placed on the floor by adults and falling into the spilt liquid, 11% received burns by touching hot objects or by direct contact with fire and 9% were burned accidentally in a "passive" manner by their siblings or parents. In 18% of cases the accidents happened in a variety of more unusual ways. The age of the injured child and the time of day of the event both appear to play an important role in the genesis of the accident, whereas the season of the year and social status seem to be of minor importance in this connexion. The most important preventive measure is the adequate instruction of parents and others in charge of young children in respect to the common domestic hazards in everyday life which may lead to scalds and burns. PMID- 1229119 TI - [The importance and organization of coronary intensive care units (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary care units, their organization, functioning and therapeutic results are described. If a medical intensive care service is available in the area, then coronary care should be connected to it. The qualifications and specialist training of the medical and nursing staff are discussed, as well as the organization of coronary care in sparsely-populated areas. Correct transportation is important. Adequate information with regard to coronary care facilities should be given to high-risk patients and their relatives, and the population should be informed as to the prevention of coronary disease. PMID- 1229120 TI - [The effect of propanidid in patients with an increased tendency to cerebral convulsions (author's transl)]. AB - In view of the observation of tonic-clonic convulsions after the use of Propanidid in certan patients, a study was undertaken of the effects of this drug (7 mg/kg) on the EEG of 2 volunteers with a known history of epilepsy. Both subjects developed tonic-clonic convulsions and showed typical alterations of the EEG pattern even before the onset of hyperventilation. These EEG alterations were producible also during complete relaxation. The convulsions were easily stopped by the administration of short-acting barbiturates. Similar observations reported in the literature are briefly discussed. The conclusion is drawn that Propanidid should not be given to patients with a known history of epilepsy or any other convulsive disease. PMID- 1229121 TI - [Fatal self-poisoning with the tetracyclic antidepressive drug, ludiomil (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and analytical data are presented of a case of severe Ludiomil self poisoning (assumed total ingested dose: 3000 mg). Ludiomil resembles the tricyclic antidepressive drugs in regard to its toxic effects. Two essential observations made in Ludiomil poisoning are: 1) the limited therapeutic possibilities due to delayed elimination and 2) the severe degree of respiratory distress. PMID- 1229123 TI - [Symptoms of asthma in the sputum]. PMID- 1229122 TI - [Fundamentals of psychosomatic medicine]. PMID- 1229125 TI - [Fibercolonoscopy with special regard to partial rectosigmoidoscopy]. PMID- 1229124 TI - [Treatment of arrhythmia in general practice]. PMID- 1229126 TI - [Effect of glucagon on skull perfusion]. PMID- 1229127 TI - [Broncholytic effect of Atrovent in comparison with a combination preparation in obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 1229129 TI - [Gunshot injury of the neck]. PMID- 1229128 TI - [Local management of wounds using the Biotensid wound spray]. PMID- 1229131 TI - [The etiology of neuroses. Introduction to a series of lectures at the Freiburg Medical Society 12 December 1974]. PMID- 1229130 TI - [Long-term management of various hyperlipidemias using clofibrate]. PMID- 1229132 TI - [Events and conflicts before the outbreak of neuroses]. PMID- 1229133 TI - [The psychoanalytical model of symptom formation]. PMID- 1229134 TI - [Neurotic mechanisms on symptom formation. Illustrated on a case report]. PMID- 1229135 TI - [Differential diagnostic considerations of the problem of autonomic disorders- functional organic disorders--masked depressions and their management]. PMID- 1229136 TI - [Current problems of anticonvulsive therapy with special reference to undesirable side-effects of hydantoins]. PMID- 1229137 TI - [Autonomic dystonia and its management]. PMID- 1229138 TI - [Sulpiride in the rehabilitation of alcoholics]. PMID- 1229139 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis. 2. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy]. PMID- 1229140 TI - [Possibilities for the classification of newborn infants using developmental criteria]. PMID- 1229141 TI - [Headache]. PMID- 1229142 TI - [Anesthesiologic peculiarities in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 1229143 TI - [Clinical experience with oral cholegraphy using Falignost, with special reference to cholangiography using the fractionation technic]. PMID- 1229144 TI - [Variability of genetically determined diseases and their significance for diagnosis, therapy, and genetic prognosis. II. Polygenically determined diseases and evaluation of their genetic prognosis]. PMID- 1229146 TI - [Letter: Reply to "Acupuncture analgesia--hypnotism and hysteria", by O. Prokop and K. Seidel in Z. arztl. Fortbild. 68: 1124 (1974)]. PMID- 1229145 TI - [Basic diagnostic program for arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1229147 TI - [Urachus malformations in child- and adulthood--diagnostic and therapeutic indications]. PMID- 1229148 TI - [Incarcerated obturator hernia in a 95-year-old woman]. PMID- 1229149 TI - [Organization of pediatric care in a rural district following the area pediatrician system]. PMID- 1229150 TI - [Abdominal injuries in polytrauma]. PMID- 1229151 TI - [Extension of material support for citizens with injuries resulting from medical procedures]. PMID- 1229153 TI - [Electromyography and intensive therapy in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 1229154 TI - [Epidemiology of stomach carcinoma]. PMID- 1229152 TI - [Morbidity and mortality of thermal injuries in children. Analysis of 30 years]. PMID- 1229155 TI - [Recommendations for the optimal organization of house calls in pratice]. PMID- 1229156 TI - [Value of questionnaires as a method of learning about morbidity in a population]. PMID- 1229157 TI - [Chronic subileus due to a double invagination in leiomyoma of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1229158 TI - [Problems of ambulatory pharmacotherapy. 6. Studies of the ambulatory pharmacotherapy of influenza]. PMID- 1229159 TI - [Errors and omissions in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 1229160 TI - [Angiomatous abnormality of the left radical artery]. PMID- 1229161 TI - [Extended cutaneous necroses after self-medication of abrasion wounds with Pectocor-ointment]. PMID- 1229162 TI - [Foreign bodies in the ductus choledochus]. PMID- 1229163 TI - [Ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the medical practice]. PMID- 1229164 TI - [Problems of refuse disposal in the medical establishments]. PMID- 1229165 TI - [Xylitol metabolism in human erythrocytes]. AB - 1. Washed human erythrocytes metabolize 1,14 muMol xylitol in 120 min under the following experimental conditions: pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. 2. The levels of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and ATP decrease during the incubation with xylitol. This decrease is not a specific effect of xylitol, but depends on the amount of C atoms taken up. This could be shown in control experiments with fructose and glucose as substrates given separated or in combination with xylitol. The highest uptake of C-atoms has been observed with glucose plus xylitol as substrate. 3. 99% of the metabolized xylitol was recovered in the products lactate, Co2 and D xylulose. 4. There was no measurable oxalate production from xylitol. PMID- 1229166 TI - [Behavior of electrolytes in the metabolism of hunger]. AB - In 20 patients, undergoing a fasting period of 14 days, electrolyt balances were studied. Ten patients received 80 mval potassium per day. Sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate in blood did not change; bicarbonate and chloride levels diminished. Balance studies showed a significant loss of potassium in both groups. Product of sodium and potassium was constant; calcium balance was positive, whereas that of phosphate was negative. During addition of 80 mval potassium per day significant change of sodium balance occurred. PMID- 1229167 TI - [Electrolyte changes during postoperative infusion therapy and parenteral feeding]. PMID- 1229169 TI - [Recommendations for the use of carbohydrates in the infusion therapy]. AB - In healthy subjects the recommended dosages of carbohydrates are as follows: glucose 0.750 g/kg/h during 12 hours, fructose 0.250 g/kg/h during 12 hours. sorbitol 0.250 g/kg/h during 12 hours, xylitol 0.125 g/kg/h during 12 hours, glucose, fructose and xylitol as a carbohydrate mixture (2:1:1) 0.500 g/kg/h during 12 hours. Increase in uric acid, bilirubin and lactate levels is diminished if the carbohydrate mixture and amino acids are infused together. During application of an electrolyte-free carbohydrate solution the electrolyte loss depends on the dosage. This electrolyte loss is diminished when carbohydrates and electrolytes are given in combination. The precise dosage of trace elements like zinc or magnesium is unknown. A 12-hours infusion time is recommended. Thereafter a pause is needed for the normalisation of metabolic changes. PMID- 1229168 TI - [Changes in serum electrolyte concentration and electrolyte excretion induced through infusion of glucose or glucose-exchange substances]. AB - The metabolic effects of intravenous infusion of glucose, fructose, sorbitol or xylitol were investigated using human volunteers. The infusion period was 4 hours or 48 hours. Serum phosphate concentration decreased quickly and independent on the kind of the carbohydrate used. On the other hand, the serum concentration of potassium or sodium did not show any greater deviations from normal. Considering the renal excretion, greater differences between the single substances were seen. Renal potassium excretion was increased especially during xylitol infusions, and not as much during sorbitol infusions, as compared to infusions with glucose or with fructose. These differences were demonstrated especially for the first 12 hours of the infusions periond. During the infusions of glucose or of fructose an oral substitution of the electrolytes was suggicient. However, during xylitol infusions an intravenous substitution of potassium salts was necessary, despite the fact that the changes in serum concentration were only small. It is emphasized to carefully monitor serum electrolyte concentration and renal electrolyte excretion during long lasting intravenous infusions therapy. PMID- 1229170 TI - [The ability of diagnosticians to combine linear and non-linear data]. PMID- 1229172 TI - [Standardization and interpretation of electrodermal measurement in psychological experiments]. PMID- 1229171 TI - [Construction of a German language psychoticism scale]. PMID- 1229173 TI - [Use of the semiconductor gas detector TGS (Taguchi Gas Sensor) for industrial hygiene-toxicological measurements]. PMID- 1229174 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the toxicity of manganese and cobalt stearates]. PMID- 1229176 TI - [Guidelines for the analysis and evaluation of selected form of physical labor]. PMID- 1229175 TI - [Technic for the determination of working-site concentrations and occupational hygiene conditions during and following hot-mist spraying of plant-protective agents and pesticides in greenhouses]. PMID- 1229177 TI - [Influence of high smokestacks on the quality of air]. PMID- 1229179 TI - [TGL 20 098 "Individual water supply". Brief comments on the new draft of DDR standards]. PMID- 1229178 TI - [Aerohygienic evaluation of dry-cleaning plants]. PMID- 1229180 TI - [The problem of public comfort stations]. PMID- 1229181 TI - [Attempt at the extermination of pharaoh ants using Mutox]. PMID- 1229182 TI - [Development of rabies in the German Democratic Republic 1953-1970]. PMID- 1229183 TI - [Suggestion of the revision of instructions on first-aid measures in laboratory infections]. PMID- 1229184 TI - [Usability of Adamczyk's modification of the "Bucher test unit" in the sensitivity testing of microorganisms]. PMID- 1229185 TI - [Human medicine measures for the epidemiologic protection of industrial animal husbandry]. PMID- 1229186 TI - [Prescription return for the improvement of compulsory reporting of taeniasis]. PMID- 1229187 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the kidney affinity and variability in renal tissue of 20 Staphylococcus aureus strains]. PMID- 1229188 TI - [Epidemiologic comparative studies on Australia antigen and enzyme screening-test findings in family collectives. Onset of enzyme changes and Australia antigenemia. Behavior of Au-antigenemia findings and enzyme changes in families with various numbers of children]. PMID- 1229189 TI - [Opinions of worker groups on disease]. PMID- 1229190 TI - [Input analysis of the combined noise and vibration load in rats]. PMID- 1229191 TI - [Principles of preparations for an active old age]. PMID- 1229192 TI - [Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as an active factor of self purification of surface waters under hygienic aspects]. PMID- 1229193 TI - [The development of methods for the evaluation of the virulence and immunogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. PMID- 1229194 TI - [6 years of mass vaccination against measles in the USSR]. PMID- 1229195 TI - [Contribution to the bacteriological identification of vibrios]. PMID- 1229196 TI - [The effect of repeated spray applications on the bacterial flora of the mouth cavity]. PMID- 1229197 TI - [Production and adjustment of a DDR reference preparation for human immunoglobulins G, A and M]. PMID- 1229198 TI - [Studies on the marker behavior of various vaccinia virus strains]. PMID- 1229199 TI - [The continuity of the health policy of the working class and its party as a prerequisite for a continuous development of medical science in the service of the health of the DDR citzens and the contribution of our medical faculty to its enforcement]. PMID- 1229200 TI - [Various aspects in the long-term planning of infectious disease wards in the DDR]. PMID- 1229201 TI - [Detection of low-molecular components in polymeric materials]. PMID- 1229202 TI - [Endurance capacity of women aged 30-40 years with reference to lean body mass]. PMID- 1229203 TI - [Presentation of a technic for the measurement of subjective evaluation (assessment) of health condition]. PMID- 1229204 TI - [Aerohygienic studies in the monitoring area of the Zwickau Institute of Hygiene. The dust-sedimentation cadastral map of Plauen]. PMID- 1229205 TI - [Regression model for the study of the influence of various meterological factors on airpollution through sulfur dioxide in Sofia]. PMID- 1229206 TI - [Selection of dump sizes]. PMID- 1229207 TI - [Noise and the sleeping behavior of nursery-school children]. PMID- 1229208 TI - [A new group of the family Enterobacteriaceae--the Levinea group]. PMID- 1229209 TI - [Use of the ESER (Unified System of Electronic Computers) computer system]. PMID- 1229210 TI - [Epidemiology of bronchial carcinoma in the Neubrandenburg district]. PMID- 1229211 TI - [Thoughts on the rehabilitation of patients with walking disability (wheelchair users)]. PMID- 1229212 TI - [Liver damage following intestinal by-pass surgery for weight reduction]. AB - The jejuno-ileal bypass for weight reduction can hardly be considered a non specific treatment: 3-4% of the patients develop chronic hepatic damage, 1-2% suffer hepatic failure due to massive fatty liver, rapidly progressing liver cirrhosis or hepatic fibrosis. Fatty liver is an invariable sequel of this operation. Once the above-mentioned symptoms set in or an incipient cirrhosis or fibrosis is diagnosed, immediate restoration of normal passage is required. The intestinal bypass syndrome observed in the patient (fem.) (viz. table 1) does not wholly coincide with the enteral bile acid loss syndrome occurring in extensive ileum resection (56) where usually there is no evidence of fatty liver, icterus, cholestasis or encephalopathy. Animal experiments seem to confirm that the blind loop in the broadest sense of the term is responsible for the sometimes fatal hepatic damage. Possibly we are confronted here with a pattern of hepatic damage due to toxic nutritive effects similar to cirrhosis as a sequel of low-protein and low-calorie intake or to the phenomenon observed in animal experiments. The cholestasis confirmed by biopsy and chemical methods is a manifestation of these hepatic disorders. The clinical aspects resemble the Reye syndrome that we know in pediatrics. Patients have to be carefully selected and informed about possible postoperative damage; a continuous clinical follow-up with biopsy of the hepatic tissue is also indicated. PMID- 1229213 TI - [Macroscopic and histometric studies on the experimental acetic-acid ulcer of the rat stomach]. AB - This work is concerned with the formation, development and healing of a chronic experimental ulcer produced by the injection of a 30 percent solution of acetic acid in the submucosa of the rat stomach. The healing process of the induced lesions was assessed by comparing their diameters with macroscopic as well as microscopic measuring techniques. Observations were made at 17 different time points from 5 minutes to 245 days after induction on groups of 5 to 10 rats each. The macroscopically and microscopically determined values agreed well for the period from 3 hours to 12 days. However, at the earlier and later time points differences occurred because of the histological changes peripheral to the lesions and increased enlargement of the regenerating area respectively. Healing proceeded slowly. On day 147 and 245 the ulcerated lesion was still detectable in one out of 10 animals. An exacerbation of ulcers as reported by others did not seem to be present. PMID- 1229214 TI - [Partially mechanized determination of protein and desoxyribonucleic acid in the mucosa of the small intestine on microliter scale]. AB - The protein determination method according to Lowry and the DNA test according to Schneider were adapted to a microliter scale thus rendering feasible serial determinations with an adequate degree of accuracy. The criteria for reliability (precision within the series and day after day) are sufficient. PMID- 1229215 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies on the rat gastrointestinal tract following oral administration of chenodesoxycholic acid]. AB - The influence of chenodesoxycholic acid on the gastro-intestinal tract of male Wistar rats was studied. Chenodesoxycholic acid was orally administered in a dosis of 20mg/kg body weight over a period of 5, 14, 20, 30 and 60 days. The electron microscope revealed only slight pathological changes compared to the control group of untreated animals. While stomach, duodenum and ascending colon were found to be non-specific, supranuclear fatty deposits were detected in the jejunum; in the terminal ileum and the jejunum swollen microvilli and a loosening of the terminal reticulum was observed. PMID- 1229216 TI - [The effectiveness of the new corticoid A 41 304. Evaluation by means of a graphic presentation]. AB - In an intra-individual, symetrical comparative study, the efficacy of a new corticoid of external use-A 41 304- was compared to that of a preparation of reknown effect. Fluocinolon-acetonide. The treatment included 25 patients with bilateral symetrical lesions of Psoriasis, in their majority of prolonged, continuous and not regressive development. Furthermore, the study included 13 patients with eczematoid dermatits. A graphic method of evaluation was employed, which permitted an integrated study of the intensity, the rapidity and the duration of the morbistatic effect of the preparations. Under the conditions of the clinical experimentation which were applied, the new preparation (A 41 304) proved to be more effective than Fluocinolone-acetonide. The characteristics of the new graphic method of evaluation are discussed. PMID- 1229217 TI - [Clinical experiences with a new topical steroid]. AB - 44 patients have been treated in a double-blind trial with Desoximetason (0.25%) and with Betamethasone-valerate (0.1%). It was a randomised left-right comparative trial, and Desoximetason was significantly better than the comparative drug in all observation periods (except the period 1-2 days). Desoximetason has also been tested on 280 patients in an open trial, showing good efficacy and good tolerance. PMID- 1229218 TI - [The use of Topisolone in dermatoses]. AB - Topisolon (Desoximetasone) has been used under clinical conditions on 42 patients with acute and chronic dermatoses. This was a comparative trial on symetric areas. Topisolon with the test name A 41 304 has been compared to an 0,1% triamcinolon-acetonide ointment. Topisolon showed a quick onset of action. After 14 days of treatment a good result has been seen in 88% of the cases and in only 5% the effect has been moderate. The drug has been used in psoriasis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and lichen ruber. No side effects or irritations have been seen except one case of candidiasis. On five diabetics treated no influence on blood sugar level could be seen. PMID- 1229219 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in lichen ruber ulcerosus]. AB - Report on two patients with ulcerative lichen planus (l.r. u.) of the feet. The experience which results from these two cases and 22 others which have been reported in the literature were the following: 1. After long periods of standing such lesions show a pronounced tendency to become malignant. 2. The only treatment which offers a lasting succes is skin-grafting, the chances of which are the better the earlier it is performed. 3. Early diagnosis of L. r. u. may be impossible on clinical and histopathological grounds only; application of immunofluorescence methods may yield additional diagnostic criteria. PMID- 1229220 TI - [Incidence of penile basalioma]. PMID- 1229221 TI - [Hereditary Quincke's edema]. PMID- 1229222 TI - [Comparative studies on the action of various oil-bath additives]. PMID- 1229223 TI - [IgE determinations (RIST, RAST) and skin tests in pollinosis patients]. PMID- 1229224 TI - [Structural variants of intracellular flagella and centrioles in nevus cells]. PMID- 1229225 TI - [Continuous erythemato-squamous acrodermatitis sicca and rubber allergy]. PMID- 1229226 TI - [Norwegian scabies]. PMID- 1229227 TI - [Staphylogenic toxic epidermal necrolysis. I. Disease and symptoms]. PMID- 1229228 TI - [Course observations in 3 siblings with epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria dystrophica (Hallopeau-Siemens)]. PMID- 1229229 TI - [Management of eyelid tumors]. PMID- 1229230 TI - [Improvements in the utility of the electrical integrating device Eltinor 4]. PMID- 1229231 TI - [A method for the quantitative collection of capillary blood under reduced oxygen partial pressure]. PMID- 1229232 TI - [A method for the quantitative determination of cystine in the urine]. PMID- 1229233 TI - [A device for craniotomy in small animals]. PMID- 1229234 TI - [The adaptation of an 8-channel electroencephalograph to the EMM 140 tape recorder]. PMID- 1229235 TI - [The quantitative interpretation of thin layer chromatograms by means of the spectral colorimeter Specol]. PMID- 1229236 TI - [An improved screening test for the determination of catalase in blood]. PMID- 1229237 TI - [Fluorescence photometric studies on human Y bodies]. PMID- 1229238 TI - [High voltage electrophoretic screening test for the diagnosis of a hyper-delta amino-levuline aciduria]. PMID- 1229239 TI - [The luminal surface of the rat trachea during ontogenesis]. AB - To complete the hitherto existing results about the trachea epithelium, the scanning electron microscope was used to get representative statements about the apical surface of the epithelium: First of all the epithelium consists of undifferentiated round cells with cytopodia. The cells rarely carry single cilia at the same time. At the 18. day of pregnancy nearly all of the cells have a single cilium. Until the end of the intrauterine phase the single cilia are retracted again. At the 20. day ciliated cells and cells with protrusions are formed. Mucus granula are secreted into the lumen already before birth. Immediately post partum much mucus appears. Its distribution, viscosity and optical behaviour is different. For ciliated cells and goblet cells no special characteristical distribution was noticed. The building of the cells surface was detailed discussed. The question about function of the single cilia cannot yet be answered. PMID- 1229240 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the olfactory tract and the caudal spinal cord on the Dahlgren cells in Clarias batrachus L. AB - Electrical stimuli applied to the olfactory tract for one minute caused partial depletion, but for two to five minutes resulted in complete depletion of the neurosecretory material (NSM) from the Dahlgren cells as well as from the urophysis. However, if similar stimuli were directly applied to the caudal spinal cord for one minute, the NSM was completely depleted. The neurosecretory granules were reaccumulated in the neurons within fifteen minutes after the stimuli were cut of A rapid depletion of the NSM from the caudal neurons was correlated with their electrical properties and rapid transduction of nervous information into the hormonal message. The immediate response of the caudal neurons to the olfactory tract stimulation suggested that the former are synaptically controlled by a center in the brain. PMID- 1229241 TI - Neuroendocrine organs of the lemon-butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. I. The corpora cardiaca-allata complex of the larva. AB - The histomorphology of the retrocerebral endocrine organs of the larva of the lemon-butterfly, P. demoleus has been described employing a conventional neurosecretory staining technique. The larval organs lie a little away from the brain and oesophagus and, therefore, are not sub-aortic in position unlike most other insects and the adult of this species itself. There are two long NCCs which innervate other target organs in addition to the CC. The recurrent nerve of the stomatogastric nervous system retains its normal connections with the CC even in absence of the hypocerebral ganglion. Histological evidence suggests that the NSM inside the CC remains intraaxonal without being possibly unloaded in the substance of these organs. Axonal transport of NSM to target organs is also in evidence and though NSM is seen in the NCA, it could not be detected inside the CA. PMID- 1229243 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the dental enamel from a dermoid teratoma]. AB - Tooth enamel in the dermal teratoma is constructed very much like normal human tooth enamel, but is relatively less mineralized because of low phosphate supply. Prism bands are not present; the reasons for this are not clear. In the inner half of the enamel are numerous lumpy aggregates budded off from the tissue of the enamel organ. Enamel in the vicinity of these aggregates is abnormally constructed. PMID- 1229242 TI - Electron cytochemistry of acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction during ontogenesis. AB - Electron histochemical studies were performed on neuromuscular junctions of the diaphragm in early postnatal states of development in rat by means of the acetylthiocholine technique. Presynaptic AChE appears to be derived from perikaryal sources, carried along by means of axonal transport mechanisms. Postsynaptic AChE is synthesized in the sarcotubular system of the underlying muscle fiber and within the perinuclear and endoplasmic reticulum of fundamental cells. Distribution of AChE synthesizing loci parallels with that of acetylcholine sensitive areas. PMID- 1229244 TI - [Histometric findings in the adrenals of the domestic pig with reference to constitutional defects]. AB - The Pietrain pigs are significant different from the German Landrace and the Edelschwein in the histometrical parameters of the adrenal glands like cortex and medulla part, height of the cortex regions, part of adrenaline and noradrenaline producing cells. The weight of their adrenal glands is less than in the other races but their part of Zona fasciculata and of adrenaline producing cells is comparably high. These findings let expect distinct reactions on stressors. There are no hints on insufficiency of the adrenal glands. The histometrical parameters and the blood cortisol levels are discussed with regard to deficiencies in meat quality. PMID- 1229245 TI - [Quantitative studies on the neuron structure of the rat fascia dentata]. AB - 1. In 6 month old male rats the structure of dendrites and the distribution of spines on the apical dendrites of granular cells of the dentate gyrus were investigated by light microscopy and statistical methods. 2. The number of dendrites of the first, second and third order of granular cells increases in this sequence in a ratio of 1:2:3; the total length of the dendrites increases correspondently in a ratio of 1:4:5. 3. The mean number of origin points of dendritic branches is 10, the mean number of free dendritic endings is 12. 4. The number of spines per a 25 mum dendritic segment near to the pericaryon (dendritic segment A), in the middle of the dendrite (dendritic segment B) and in the peripheral dendritic part (dendritic segment C) as well as the distribution of spines in the whole apical dendrite was evaluated. The total mean of spines of granular cell apical dendrites of the dentate gyrus (superior respectively inferior) is 12 respectively 10 for the dendritic segment A, 18 respectively 17 for the dendritic segment B and 17 respectively 15 for the dendritic segment C calculated for a dendritic length of 25 mum. 5. The spine density in each case depends upon the distance pericaryondendritic segment and is in close relation to the adjacent layers with their specific afferents. 6. The averaged total number of spines per 1 mum of dendritic length is 0,62 spines/mum for the dentate gyrus (superior) and 0,57 spines/mum for the dentate gyrus (inferior). 7. The granular cells of the dentate gyrus (superior) have a mean dendritic length of a total of 357 mum with a total of 226 visible spines; the granular cells of the dentate gyrus (inferior) have a mean dendritic length of a total of 450 mum with a total of 258 visible spines. PMID- 1229246 TI - [Relais cells and afferent axons in the dorsal part of the lateral geniculate body in the albino rat under geometrical aspects]. AB - 1. The average volumes of dendritic domaines of relay neurons (P-neurons) were calculated and the quantitative relations to the neuronal elements situated in this area were investigated. Likewise we carried out measurements and calculations at the terminal parts of afferent axons, to find a conception concerning possible contacts between axons and P-neurons considering quantitative aspects. 2. The dendrites of one P-neuron are distributed in an area of about 0,008 mum3. In this area there are located somata of at least 120 other P-neurons and dendrites of altogether about 900 P-neurons. 3. The type-1-axons (cortical afferents) run almost linearly in the longitudinal system of the CGLd. Traversing a distance adequate to the diameter of a P-neuron (250 mum) the dendrites of 150 to 170 P-neurons may cross the course of one axon. At this distance the axon, however, has just set up about 50 boutons, thus synaptic contacts may be established with one third at most of the existing cells. A type-1-axon that is bifurcating in the entrance area into the CGLd is altogether of about 2000 mum in length and is able to develop about 420 presynaptic profiles. 4. The type-2-axons (retinal afferents) show a distinct terminal branching zone. The Golgi-Kopsch impregnated terminals of type-2a-axons are distributed in a space of 147000 mum3 capacity, the corresponding terminals of type-2b-axons in a space of 443000 mum3. The type-2a-axons having an average number of 23 boutons, may contact the dendritic branching zones of 25 P-neurons. There is a good reason to assume that type-2b-axons are in contact also with terminal dendritic parts of P-neurons. Thus the number of P-cells, which spread their dendrites into the terminal branching zone of one type-2b-axon may amount to 540. The average number of boutons of one type-2b-terminal, however, is only about 160. This means that synaptic contacts may be developed to the P-neurons-dendrites not exceeding 30% of them. 5. Various aspects of divergence of axon terminals in the albino rat's CGLd are discussed. PMID- 1229247 TI - [The ultrastructure of the rat esophageal epithelium during ontogenesis]. AB - The development of the epithelium of the rat esophagus was examined continuously from the 13th day post-conception until one day post-partum. Besides the single results at different phases of development the knowledge, that the esophageal ontogeny of different mammalians may be considerably different, is of special importance. To this matter of fact was not paid attention in present literature, but the authors accentuate common things. The significant results during development are the following: 1. The completely undifferentiated epithelium of the 13th day at the same time develops basement-membrane and basic membrane of the cytoplasm. The organelles are under construction. Centriols in cells near to the lumen are seen in connection to the single-cilia, which occur till the 17th day of ontogeny. These essentially differ from cilia of the ciliated epithelium. 2. The cylindrical epithelium constitutes until the 16th day. Afterwards the first synthetic productivity like organisation of filaments are observed. By that superficial cells loose their capacity to divide. 3. On the 17th day intercellular spaces between neighbouring cells at the lumen abruptly rip up. In loco cylindrical cells change to squamous cells. There are no essential differences in time between cranial and caudal parts of the esophagus which proofs an entodermal genesis of the epithelium. 4. Changes in the ultrastructure at about 19 days p.c. cause the epithelium's keratinization. 5. 21 days p.c. few cilia-bearing cells scattered between the cells in keratinization are to be seen. 6. Before birth superficial cells become separated and are shed from the surface completely post-partum. PMID- 1229248 TI - [The postnatal development of the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat]. AB - Using light and electron microscopy the neurons, glial cells and capillaries in hypoglossal nucleus of the rats have been examined up to 20 days after birth. The neuronal nuclei are usually situated ecentrically. The mitochondria and extensively developed Golgi-zones occupy the perinuclear region. The microtubules and lysosomes become more numerous with aging. At the earliest periods rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occupies the neuronal periphery, whereas after 14th day it is extended to the perinuclear region also. The ER forms elongated and concentric lamellated bodies and subsurface cisternae. At this time nucleolus like bodies are also numerous in the cytoplasm. After 4th and 6th days the extensive growth of dendrites, containing many cell organelles, and axons rich in microtubules are observed. Only at the birthday do neurons contain glycogen deposit. After 1st day the glycogen leaves the pericaryon, but it persists a long time in the neuronal processes. The symmetrical and asymmetrical contacts are characteristic for the examined period. The axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses are more abundant, but "double synapses" are also established. More synaptic boutons possess besides synaptic vesicles dense-core vesicles at the earlier periods. The quantity of asymmetric synapses increases with differentiation. Extensive cell degeneration has been established between 8 and 18th days. At 4 and 6 days the glial cells penetrate from subependymal layer and they have satellite neuronal position. This is more pronounced between 14 and 18 days when the oligodendrocytes are more numerous and active. At the same time fibrous astrocyte like cells are appeared. Microglial cells were not observed. Capillary differentiation, expressed by changes of the endothelial cells, pericytes and connective tissue cells, continues after birth also. PMID- 1229249 TI - Change of nuclear size in monolayer cells from embryonic mouse brain under the influence of cytosine-arabinoside. AB - The influence of cytosine-arabinoside (ara-C) on the nuclear size of monolayer cells from mouse brains were studied by quantitative analysis with the Quantimet (area measurement) and linear analysis with the Digiscan. Ara C (0,1; 1,0; 10,0 mug/ml) causes a significant nuclear enlargement, depending on the dose of 16%, 30% and 35% respectively and at the same time a decrease in cell density and an inhibition of mitotic activity. The size-distribution graph is altered by ara-C: the graph flattens and widens at the base. Moreover, in the case of 10,0 mug ara C/ml a pronounced graph shoulder is visible in the small nuclear size region which can be interpreted as a slight accumulation of small nuclei. The nuclear enlargement is possibly due to an accumulation of shortchain polynucleotides. PMID- 1229250 TI - 3H-tyrosin incorporation by foregut entoderm, as an additional proof of extra glandular presence of endocrine ptoencies. AB - Atopic transplants of embryonic rat larynx, trachea, and oesophagus incorporated 3H-tyrosine selectively and of similar degree to like transplants of thyroid. Further to similar observations with radioiodine, this finding supports the conclusion that primordial endocrinic potencies are retained, and can be activated, in a broader range of foregut derivatives than implied from the actual functional manifestations. PMID- 1229251 TI - [The wall structure of the central vein of the human adrenal glands]. AB - The wall structure of the vena centralis in the human adrenal gland was examined by light and electron microscopy. The longitudinal smooth muscle system in the wall of the central vein was found to be incomplete, eccentric, and located far from the intima. At the junction with smaller veins the muscle system increases in size so that a thickening protrudes the intima into the lumen. A structured intercellular substance of varying width is located between the endothelium and the smooth muscle system, and unmyelinated adrenergic nerve fibres extend to the endothelium. Vasa vasorum are found only in the periphery of the vascular walls. The findings are interpreted as follows: The construction of the vein walls in the medulla of the human adrenal gland acts as a protection against the excessive contractile effect of a small to medium concentration of noradrenalin from the adrenal medulla. PMID- 1229252 TI - [Postnatal growth inhibition in the rat retina after actinomycin D adminstration]. AB - The effects of actinomycin D on the development of the rats retina were observed. At the day of birth the inner neurons and the inner cells of the bipolar layer are vulnerable. The pale degeneration of these neurons accompanied by a dilatation of the endoplasmatic reticulum and the dark degeneration accompanied by a pycnosis and a shrinkage of the cytoplasm persist during the first 11 days after birth. The same alterations are to be seen in bipolar cells on day 11 after birth. The transient disorganisation of the inner layers could effect the ramification because the stratum reticulare internum is smaller as in untreated animals. PMID- 1229253 TI - [The postnatal reaction of the albino rat pigment epithelium after administration of chloroquindiphosphate]. AB - The development of pigment granules has been studied in 0...5 day old normal albino-rats and after a single injection of chloroquinediphosphat. During the postnatal time the pigment epithelial cell changes structurally. The basal region of the epithelium containes lipoidvacuoles and later on glycogen. The apical region form long skin projections that enclose the developing inner segments of photoreceptor cells. The pigment granules develop normally until the stage of melanin deposition. The lamellated premelanosomes are equipped by helical structures. The development of premelanosomes are not disturbed, by chloroquinediphosphate blocking the protein synthesis in the cell. The drug produce lamellated vacuoles inside the cell arising from the ergastoplasm. Also the extracellular space is enlarged. A significant increase or decrease in the number of phagosomes in the pigment epithelial cells after administration of the drug does not occur as compared to the cells of untreated animals. PMID- 1229254 TI - Pituitary cytology of the chimaeroid fish Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett). AB - The pituitary of Hydrolagus colliei is divided into the adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis and an oral Rachendachhypophyse. The adenohypophysis is further divided into rostral and proximal pars distalis and neurointermediate lobe. The neurohypophysis is restricted to the pars intermedia only. The rostral pars distalis is composed of acidophils, chromophobes, lightly PAS+ cells and amphiphils. The amphiphils were stained with Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin and lead haematoxylin also. The proximal pars distalis is formed of cyanophils where the granules are AF and PAS positive, acidophils, chromophobes and H.Pb+ cells. The pars intermedia has perviascular amphiphils which are H.Pb+, lightly PAS+ cells and chromophobes. Few AF+ cells were also identified. All the component parts of the adenohypophysis have follicular cavities which are probably developed from the hypophysial cavity, which is well seen in the young specimen as a single cavity extending antero-posteriorly throughout the adenohypophysis. PMID- 1229255 TI - The influence of fasting and pancreatectomy on some glycolytic enzymes in the muscle of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. AB - The leg muscle of Calotes versicolor consists mainly of white fibers. They can be classified into small, intermediate and broad fibers according to their diameter and staining reaction. The histochemical study of some of the glycolytic enzymes such as aldolase, phosphorylase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) is described in the muscle of normal, pancreactomized and insulin injected animals. Highest activity of all enzymes was observed in the small fibers, though they occur in negligiable amount (3%). The intermediate and broad fibers exhibited medial and lowest activities respectively. 24 h after the extirpation of the pancreas a considerable inhibition is noted in the activities of phosphorylase, LDH and alpha-GPDH. Induced inanition for 21 days ensued insignificant but gradual decrease and increase in the alpha-GPDH and phosphorylase activities respectively in both unoperated and operated animals. The aldolase shows its mere presence in normal and trace activity in pancreatectomized animals. The injection of insulin (40 i.u./kg) at the interval of 30 min, 60 min, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h is given. The activities of all enzymes is stimulated at 30 min and depleted 4 h after the injection. The level of activity was remaintained at 12 h to 24 h stage. The possible physiological role and significance of enzymes in the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen is discussed. PMID- 1229256 TI - Palaeoanthropology, chronology, and archeology of the Matjes River Rock Shelter. PMID- 1229257 TI - The Neandertals from Krapina, northern Yugoslavia: an inventory of the lower limb remains. PMID- 1229258 TI - [Studies on the social distribution of body height and weight]. PMID- 1229260 TI - Pedigree analysis of a rare type of polydactylism. PMID- 1229259 TI - [Anthropologic-metrical studies on West and East African Bantus]. PMID- 1229261 TI - [Studies on the ergonomy of the working place for typists. II. Extent and changes of muscle action potentials as variables of the activity of typing]. PMID- 1229262 TI - A simple method of changing clotted intra-arterial catheters. AB - A simple technique for changing a clotted catheter is presented which has been frequently useful during percutaneous transfemoral coronary angiography. A guide wire is passed through a punched hole in the clotted catheter and a new catheter is inserted over the guide wire after the clotted catheter has been taken out. PMID- 1229263 TI - Aortic and arterial blood flow velocity in patients with mitral insufficiency. PMID- 1229264 TI - Upper extremity wringer injury. AB - A clinical survey of 92 upper extremity wringer injuries over the past four years at the Bexar County Hospital are presented. Our treatment regimen and results are outlined. Complex injuries occurred infrequently (7%). No vascular insufficiency developed and no fasciotomies were required. We are of the opinion that hospitalization is necessary in all but a small number of selected cases. Close observation is necessary to prevent edema progression and further tissue loss. Ninety-two upper extremity compression injuries secondary to washing machine wringers were reviewed. Seventy-six percent of the injuries occurred in persons under 10 years of age. Extremity distribution was equal. Injury occurred below the elbow in 72% of the extremities. Soft tissue injury was manifested by swelling and tenderness in 96%. Twenty-one percent had no violation of the skin. Major avulsion, such as third degree skin loss, crush injury, dislocation, and tendon avulsion, occurred in 8%. The treatment regimen consisted of surgical preparation with Betadine, compressing dressing, and elevation. Observation of the involved extremity is made every hour for development of vascular insufficiency. Fractures and other major injuries were treated as indicated. No fasciotomy was required. No vascular insufficiency developed. SKin slough was present in 16 of 92 extremities and skin graft was required in 5 of the 16. Results of treatment reveal 87% with no functional impairment of the involved extremity. Varying degrees of impairment are present in 6% of the injured extremities with all localized to the major avulsion group of injuries. PMID- 1229265 TI - Bypass of thoracic aorta using axillofemoral shunt. AB - A left thoracotomy was performed and the thoracic aorta was occluded for 1 hr. in 7 dogs following placement of an 8 mm. right axillary-to-femoral artery shunt. Postop serial blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels showed no significant changes and pathological examination of the kidneys at 2 weeks showed no abnormalities. Neurological deficits were not observed, suggesting that an axillary-to-femoral bypass will maintain adequate perfusion to the lower body during cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 1229266 TI - The large spontaneous aorta inferior vena caval fistula. AB - The subject of spontaneous aortocaval fistula due to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava is reviewed and discussed. An interesting case is presented with particular emphasis on the pre-operative findings which include lower body cyanosis; pain, numbness, and paralysis of the lower extremities; a cyanotic partial penile erection; and moderate shock. The cause of this syndrome is postulated. PMID- 1229267 TI - [Peripheral lymphatic tissue of the nu/nu mouse]. PMID- 1229268 TI - [Clinical anatomy of the lymphatic system]. PMID- 1229269 TI - Some peculiarities of the terminal vascular bed of the lymphatic nodes in man. PMID- 1229270 TI - [Demonstration possibilities of lympho-venous anastomoses in the thoraco-axillary region. Radiologic viewpoints]. PMID- 1229271 TI - [Ultrastructure and function of postcapillary venules within lymph nodes]. PMID- 1229272 TI - [Morphometric studies on cerebral capillaries of rats following chronic oxygen deprivation]. PMID- 1229273 TI - [Comparison of morphology of arterial and venous valves]. PMID- 1229274 TI - [Development of the so-called "polypoid cushions" in arteries]. PMID- 1229275 TI - [Ontogenesis of the great-vessel wall in the rabbit. An electron microscopy study]. PMID- 1229276 TI - [Morphometric determination of the functional condition of smooth muscles, as demonstrated on the small intestine of the rat]. PMID- 1229277 TI - [Cell fusion and premature chromosome condensation]. PMID- 1229278 TI - [5-Methylcytosine as a specific building block of heterochromatin in man]. PMID- 1229279 TI - [Delineation of the telophase and the reconstruction phase]. PMID- 1229280 TI - [Protuberence formation and localization of filamentous structures in human thrombocytes]. PMID- 1229281 TI - [Moulting of enterocytes during intestinal development]. PMID- 1229282 TI - [Experimental studies on the metabolism of biogenic amines in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat]. PMID- 1229283 TI - [Isoproterenol-induced changes of autoradiographic 45 Ca-distribution in the myocardium. Inhibition by Ca-antagonists]. PMID- 1229284 TI - [Ultrastructure of the heart muscles following sucrose perfusion]. PMID- 1229285 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy studies on the respiratory surface of the frog lung]. PMID- 1229286 TI - [Morphologic studies on rat organs following burns]. PMID- 1229287 TI - [Autoradiographic studies on somite formation in the chick embryo]. PMID- 1229288 TI - [Regional determination of the paraxial mesoderm in young chick embryos]. PMID- 1229289 TI - [Effect of surrounding tissue on the morphogenesis of spinal cord in chick embryo]. PMID- 1229290 TI - [Regional differences in the form of cellular contacts in germ layers of the blastoderm disk in young chicks. (Electron microscopy and histochemistry studies)]. PMID- 1229291 TI - [General protein synthesis and occurrence of specific proteins during development and growth of the mouse]. PMID- 1229292 TI - [Structure of articular cartilage following homologous transplantation]. PMID- 1229293 TI - [The closing ring of mature human placentas]. PMID- 1229295 TI - [Growth and aging from the viewpoint of the anatomist]. PMID- 1229294 TI - [Significance of plasma protusions in mature and aging cells]. PMID- 1229296 TI - [Aging of man from the viewpoint of the clinician]. PMID- 1229297 TI - [Histologic biomorphosis]. PMID- 1229298 TI - [Functional adaptation during growth and aging in organ systems of the head and neck region]. PMID- 1229299 TI - Growth and senescence as realisation of singlie genetic programme. PMID- 1229300 TI - [Aging of cells in tissue cultures]. PMID- 1229301 TI - [Cytologic and cytogenetic studies on age-induced changes in tissue cultures]. PMID- 1229302 TI - [Current viewpoints on the biological aging process in the human brain]. PMID- 1229303 TI - [Involution of the mammary gland. Histochemical and electron microscopy studies]. PMID- 1229304 TI - [Histological and enzyme-histochemical studies on the aging of articular cartilage during testosterone administration in normal and hypophysectomized rats]. PMID- 1229305 TI - [Age-dependent changes in tissue-mechanism properties of human tendons]. PMID- 1229306 TI - [Age-dependence of the mechanical capacity of human tissue]. PMID- 1229307 TI - [Changes in the ultrastructure of the synovial membrane during growth and aging]. PMID- 1229308 TI - Ageing changes of the ophthalmic artery. PMID- 1229309 TI - "Synaptic ribbons" in the pineal body of the rat. (Preliminary report). PMID- 1229310 TI - [Structure of the pineal body in the guinea pig as influenced by light and darkness]. PMID- 1229311 TI - [Comparison of the ultrastructure of cerebrospinal-fluid-contact neurons and pinealocytes in mammals]. PMID- 1229312 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of the ventricular ependyma]. PMID- 1229313 TI - [Growth of neuroblasts following metabolic inhibition]. PMID- 1229314 TI - Effects of monoamine inhibitor on the nerve elements of the isolated cat's ileum. PMID- 1229315 TI - [Functional cell elements in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat under the influence of guanethidine]. PMID- 1229316 TI - [Hypoglossal neurons of the hedgehog during various hibernation phases]. PMID- 1229317 TI - [Proceedings: Incidence of autonomic fibers in the posterior spinal-cord roots]. PMID- 1229318 TI - Regeneration of the bulbospinal serotonin system after 5,6- or 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine in the rat. PMID- 1229319 TI - [Dendritic development of pyramidal cells in the Ammon's horn of the white mouse]. PMID- 1229321 TI - Medium range intracortical connections established by non-pyramidal neurons. PMID- 1229320 TI - [Quantitative studies on the growth of neuron and glia cell numbers in the nuclear region of various species during ontogenesis]. PMID- 1229322 TI - Synaptic ultraarchitecture of the anterior thalamic nuclei. PMID- 1229323 TI - [Experimental analysis of synaptic complexes of the nucleus lateralis posterior and pulvinar nucleus formation in the thalamus of the cat]. PMID- 1229324 TI - [Formation of cicatrix following transverse section of the spinal cord]. PMID- 1229325 TI - [Functional maturation of the cerebellum during development of the white rat]. PMID- 1229326 TI - [Vascularization of the cerebellum in man]. PMID- 1229327 TI - [Metabolism of biogenic amines in the hypothalamus of normal and castrated male rats]. PMID- 1229328 TI - [Retinohypothalamic projection in the rat, mouse and sparrow]. PMID- 1229329 TI - [Development of "Verney's cysts" in the supraoptic neucleus]. PMID- 1229330 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the cyto- and myelostructure of the rabbit brain]. PMID- 1229331 TI - [Development of the primordium hippocampi in reptiles]. PMID- 1229332 TI - [Electron-optic studies on the region important for respiratory regulation in the medulla oblongata]. PMID- 1229333 TI - [Desmosome-like structures of peripheral nerve fibers under normal experimental conditions]. PMID- 1229334 TI - [Regeneration of monoamine-containing nerve cells and fiber systems in the upper gullet ganglion of the earthworm Allolobaphora caliginosa]. PMID- 1229335 TI - [Structure and development of tapetum lucidum of the cat]. PMID- 1229336 TI - [Morphogenetic characteristics of the lymphatic system under experimental and pathological conditions]. PMID- 1229337 TI - [Ultrahistochemical studies on the capillary endothelium of pecten oculi]. PMID- 1229338 TI - [Comparative electron microscopy studies on the pecten oculi in birds and the conus papillaris in reptiles]. PMID- 1229339 TI - [Comparative electron microscopy studies on the capillary endothelium of the conus papillaris in lizards (Sauria)]. PMID- 1229340 TI - [Light- and electron microscopy studies on the developing retina of the blue dwarft mouthbreeder Haplochromis burtoni (Cichlidae, Teleostei)]. PMID- 1229341 TI - [Significance of age-induced changes on the ciliary body of the human eye for presbyopia and aqueous humor circulation]. PMID- 1229342 TI - [Morphological and histochemical aspects of cellular aging in calf-lens epithelium cultures]. PMID- 1229343 TI - [Influence of the nervous system on the differentiation of taste buds]. PMID- 1229344 TI - [Synthesis and transport of glycoproteins in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of rats]. PMID- 1229345 TI - [Identification of C-cells in the thyroid gland of rats]. PMID- 1229346 TI - [Quantitative studies on tanycytes and pituicytes]. PMID- 1229347 TI - Morphology of the glomerular mesangium in rats of various ages. PMID- 1229348 TI - [Morphology of the Sertoli cell in man]. PMID- 1229349 TI - [Growth and differentiation of Sertoli cells in the procine testis during postnatal ontogenesis]. PMID- 1229350 TI - [Development of the peritubular structure of seminiferous tubules in children]. PMID- 1229351 TI - [Season-related involution of spermatogenesis in the swan]. PMID- 1229352 TI - Scanning electron microscopy: towards a better diagnostic tool for examination of human spermatozoa. PMID- 1229353 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in muscle cells of the rat uterus during pregnancy]. PMID- 1229354 TI - [Cytology of intestinal lymphatic follicles in the mouse]. PMID- 1229355 TI - [Morphological changes of muscle fibers in free autologous muscle transplantation]. PMID- 1229356 TI - [Dynamics of bone transformation in healthy and osteolathyric rats]. PMID- 1229357 TI - [Comparative extraction studies on normomeric myofibrils, leptomeric fibrils and leptomeric complexes]. PMID- 1229358 TI - [Analysis of mechanical characteristics of tendons using the analog computer]. PMID- 1229359 TI - [Measurements of active flexibility of human spines]. PMID- 1229360 TI - [Pori durales of Nn. III, IV, and VI]. PMID- 1229361 TI - [Development of the selective karyometry system SEKA for the differentiation of lymphocytes in electron microscopy pictures]. PMID- 1229362 TI - [Ancestral rudiments in the morphogenesis of the sternal manubrium in man]. PMID- 1229363 TI - [Postnatal development of vertical distances between the lamina cibrosa and craniometric measurement points and skull planes]. PMID- 1229364 TI - [Effect of experimental bipedia on skull development]. PMID- 1229365 TI - [Fovea and the articular tuberculum of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 1229366 TI - [Previously unknown topographic relationships of cerebellar arteries]. PMID- 1229367 TI - [Comparative studies of the dark macular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the rat, mouse and guinea pig]. PMID- 1229368 TI - [Experiments on the problem of reciprocal relationships between the mesoderm and ectoblasts in young chick embryos]. PMID- 1229369 TI - [Electron microscopy demonstration of quarternary ammonium groups with potassium iodoplatinate]. PMID- 1229370 TI - [Membrane specialization in porcine Sertoli cells]. PMID- 1229371 TI - [Mitosis. Demonstration of separate phases]. PMID- 1229372 TI - [Postnatal development of simple encapsulated corpuscles in the nasal planum of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris, f. catus L.) Electron microscopy study]. PMID- 1229373 TI - [Facts and problems of spermatogenesis. (An educational tool)]. PMID- 1229374 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of the collecting tubule epithelium in the renal papilla of the rat]. PMID- 1229376 TI - [Postnatal development of the thymus gland in the nu/nu mouse]. PMID- 1229375 TI - [Comparative development and growth of larynxes]. PMID- 1229377 TI - [A simple counting device for stereologic counting of electron microscopy pictures]. PMID- 1229378 TI - [Complementary fracturing in freeze etching]. PMID- 1229379 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of taste buds in fishes (Amiurus nebulosus and Xiphosphorus helleri)]. PMID- 1229380 TI - [Aging effects on arteries exemplified by the arteria temporalis superficialis]. PMID- 1229381 TI - [Theory of strength-length behavior of collagen fiber bundles under traction conditions]. PMID- 1229382 TI - [Prenatal development of the thymus gland in the nu/nu mouse]. PMID- 1229383 TI - [Natural science and medicine]. PMID- 1229384 TI - [Autonomic insufficiency in dialysis patients]. PMID- 1229385 TI - [Maximum physical performance in dialysis patients. (Determination of anaerobic capacity during spiroergometry)]. PMID- 1229386 TI - [Effect of inorganic serum phosphate changes on erythrocyte 2,3 diphosphoglycerate-(2,3-DPG)-concentration in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 1229387 TI - [Peculiarities in the treatment of dialysis patients using phenprocoumon (Marcumar)]. PMID- 1229388 TI - [First experiences with a new large-surface capillary dialysator: Cordis Dow Artificial Kidney, model 5]. PMID- 1229389 TI - [Urine examinations for the diagnosis of acute kidney failure]. PMID- 1229390 TI - [Marching hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 1229391 TI - [Renin-aldosterone behavior in hypertensive chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1229392 TI - [Clinical course and morphology of hypokalemic nephropathy]. PMID- 1229394 TI - [Local effect of various antihypertensive agents on cutaneous and muscular vessels in man]. PMID- 1229393 TI - ["Crossover" double-blind study on the antihypertensive effect of propranolol and practolol]. PMID- 1229395 TI - [Behavior of peripheral blood circulation values in hypertension following diazoxide administration]. PMID- 1229397 TI - [Hemodynamic studies on hypertensive effect of mineralocorticoids]. PMID- 1229396 TI - [Effect of acute decrease of blood pressure due to diazoxide on the kidney function of hydrated hypertensive patients]. PMID- 1229398 TI - [Persistent arterial hypertensions in acute intermittent porphyria during treatment with ovulation inhibitors]. PMID- 1229399 TI - [17-hydroxylase deficiency of the adrenal gland as a partial cause of essential hypertension]. PMID- 1229400 TI - [Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and catecholamine concentration in plasma as a parameter of sympathetic tonus: effect of the ergometric test on patients with normotension and essential hypertension]. PMID- 1229401 TI - [Inadequate behavior of plasma renin and aldosterone in renoparenchymal hypertension]. PMID- 1229402 TI - [Low-renin hypertension, a separate form of hypertension or only a disease stage of essential hypertension?]. PMID- 1229403 TI - [Plasma renin activity, blood circulation and oxygen consumption of kidneys as parameters for the evaluation of functional efficiency in renal artery stenoses]. PMID- 1229404 TI - [Studies on the relevance of various parameters in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 1229405 TI - [Proliferation and differentiation potential of human leukocytes under controlled and leukemic conditions]. PMID- 1229406 TI - [Diffusion-chamber cultures of bone marrow and peripheral blood from osteomyelosis patients: maturation and number of precursor cells]. PMID- 1229407 TI - [Significance of histological bone-marrow examination for the prognosis of the aplastic syndrome]. PMID- 1229408 TI - [Comparative study on transferrin and iBc (iron-binding capacity) in the serum of man. A contribution to the problem of nonspecific iron-protein binding]. PMID- 1229410 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of anti-arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 1229409 TI - [Synergistic effect of nucleoside and cyclophosphamide combination in murine L 1210 leukemia]. PMID- 1229411 TI - [Method of administration and inactivation of cytosine arabinoside in acute leukemia]. PMID- 1229412 TI - [First clinical experiences with a modified COAP schedule in acute leukoses of adults]. PMID- 1229413 TI - [Polychemotherapy in refractory leukemias of the adult]. PMID- 1229415 TI - [Possibilities for thrombocyte substitution using celltrifuge]. PMID- 1229414 TI - [Remission incidence and adverse effects in low-dosage radioactive phosphorus therapy of polycythemia vera]. PMID- 1229416 TI - [Elimination of soluble 131-I-fibrin from the blood circulation of rabbits]. PMID- 1229417 TI - [Complement system and release of generalized intravascular coagulation through endotoxin]. PMID- 1229418 TI - [Examination of commercial prothrombin-complex (PPSB) preparations for activated factors]. PMID- 1229419 TI - [Coagulation studies in acute leukemias]. PMID- 1229420 TI - [Relationship between fibrin stabilization and fibrinolysis]. PMID- 1229421 TI - [Comparative studies on fibrinolytic activity in healthy subjects and patients with arterial and venous vascular disorders]. PMID- 1229422 TI - [Stability of streptokinase in various media with varying temperatures]. PMID- 1229423 TI - [Effect of HL-A-specific isoantibodies on thrombocytes in vitro]. PMID- 1229424 TI - [Morphological changes in blood platelets after the taking of blood samples and their effect on platelet aggregation]. PMID- 1229425 TI - [Thrombocytosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome]. PMID- 1229426 TI - [Thrombocyte aggregation in healthy subjects and diabetics as examined using photometric platelet aggregation test (PAT III)]. PMID- 1229427 TI - [Comparative studies on the differential diagnosis of congenital and acquired thrombocytopathies with special reference to the distribution of volume frequency]. PMID- 1229428 TI - [Congenital thrombocytopathy due to disorder of nucleotide liberation--case report on identical female twins]. PMID- 1229429 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia, coagulation disorder and risk of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1229430 TI - [Metabolism-dependent changes of rheologic characteristics of blood in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1229431 TI - [Immunoreactivity, HL-A antigen frequencies and clinical disease course of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 1229432 TI - [Humoral and cell-bound immune reactions in chronic bone infection]. PMID- 1229433 TI - [Immunologic analyses and clinical studies of two kidney-tissue antigens in the urine]. PMID- 1229434 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of tachycardia including the WPW-syndrome]. PMID- 1229435 TI - [Antiexsudative effect of D-penicillamine]. PMID- 1229436 TI - [Immunosuppression through alkylating agents: hints on the superiority of 5122 ASTA to cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 1229437 TI - [Behavior of IgE and IgA in various forms of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1229438 TI - [Experimental studies on the mechanism of cellular immune reaction]. PMID- 1229439 TI - [Effect of a higher molecular fraction of human urine on the transformation of healthy lymphocytes]. PMID- 1229440 TI - [Differentiation capacity of lymphocytes in immune deficiency syndromes in vitro]. PMID- 1229441 TI - [PHA-transformation of human lymphocytes in vitro: definition of a microculture system]. PMID- 1229442 TI - [Studies on healthy subjects for the determination of normal humoral and cellular immune response]. PMID- 1229443 TI - [Spontaneous toxicity and "K"-cell activity in the peripheral lymphocytes of control subjects and melanoma patients]. PMID- 1229444 TI - [Tumor immunology studies in colonic carcinoma]. PMID- 1229445 TI - [Detection of DNA-antibodies using counter-current electrophoresis]. PMID- 1229446 TI - [Monomeric IgM in acute and chronic liver diseases, autoimmune diseases and monoclonic gammopathies]. PMID- 1229447 TI - [Relationships between immunoglobulin structure and antibody specificity in monoclonal cold agglutinins]. PMID- 1229448 TI - [Extragastric gastrin liberation in healthy subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer or partial gastrectomy using the Billroth I method]. PMID- 1229449 TI - [Action mechanism of Ca++-containing antacids on gastrin liberation]. PMID- 1229450 TI - [Effect of oral calcium and magnesium on gastric secretion and gastrin liberation in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1229451 TI - [Effect of carbenoxolone and deglycyrhizinized succus liquiritiae on plasma cortisol in healthy subjects]. PMID- 1229452 TI - [Relationships between proteolysis and neurovegetative control of gastric function]. PMID- 1229453 TI - [Histotopography and serum gastrin level in patients with extreme hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria: studies on the disease course]. PMID- 1229456 TI - [Evaluation of structure and function of the distal ductus choledochus in the endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticogram (ERCP)]. PMID- 1229455 TI - [Esophageal function in duodenal ulcer prior to and following vagotomy]. PMID- 1229454 TI - [Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on acid secretion, serum gastrin and insulin in the dog]. PMID- 1229457 TI - [Transvenous cholangiography for the differentiation of cholestasis]. PMID- 1229458 TI - [Indications for ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1229459 TI - [Examination of the exocrine pancreas function in patients with pancreatitis, juvenile diabetes mellitus, "pancreopathy" (secretin-pancreatozymin test with volume-loss correction) and BII gastrectomy (Lundh's test with volume-loss correction)]. PMID- 1229460 TI - [New aspects of the bicarbonate transport in the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 1229461 TI - [Quantitative determination of insulin liberation in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1229462 TI - [Determination of chymotrypsin in feces using SUPHEPA for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 1229463 TI - [Pancreopathy due to diuretics]. PMID- 1229464 TI - [Electrolyte secretion in a pancreatic duct model of the rat]. PMID- 1229465 TI - [Inhibition of small intestine absorption in man through the intestinal hormones secretin and cholecystokinin pancreozymin]. PMID- 1229466 TI - [Causes, incidence and treatment of hyperoxaluria in gastroenterologic diseases ("enteral" hyperoxaluria)]. PMID- 1229467 TI - [Nodular lymphatic hyperplasia of the small intestine in antibody deficiency and malabsorption]. PMID- 1229468 TI - [Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens in regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1229469 TI - [Bile acid glucuronides in man]. PMID- 1229470 TI - [Treatment of hepato-choledocholithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid in intrahepatic bile-duct cysts (M. Caroli)]. PMID- 1229471 TI - [Increase of transaminases following chenodeoxycholic acid treatment: relation of chenodeoxycholic acid dosage to serum chenodeoxycholic acid concentration]. PMID- 1229472 TI - [Immunologic studies with deoxycholic acid and cholic acid in rabbits]. PMID- 1229473 TI - [Light-and electron microscopy studies on the toxicity of sulfated and nonsulfated lithocholic acid]. PMID- 1229474 TI - [Chemical composition of gallstones not casting shadows in the x-ray picture]. PMID- 1229475 TI - [Complications and survival rate in acute liver failure with hepatic coma]. PMID- 1229476 TI - [Comparative studies on the effect of ethanol load on various laboratory chemistry parameters in healthy subjects and in patients with histologically verified liver-parenchyma damage]. PMID- 1229477 TI - [Changes in the exocrine function of the parotid gland and pancreas in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 1229479 TI - [Multifocal atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 1229478 TI - [Atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular block]. PMID- 1229480 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias during sleep: on extrasystoles during sleep in relation to various sleep stages]. PMID- 1229482 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia effect of disopyramide]. PMID- 1229481 TI - [Ventricular function and local course of contraction in arrhythmia]. PMID- 1229483 TI - [Optimum impulse period in cardiac pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 1229484 TI - [Influence of stimulation frequency on the performance spectrum and hemodynamics in patients with implanted pacemakers following frequency adaptation]. PMID- 1229485 TI - [Hemodynamics in pacemaker-double-stimulation]. PMID- 1229486 TI - [Therapy of tachycardia through single and multiple electric stimulation]. PMID- 1229487 TI - [Sinus-node recovery time in the sinus-node syndrome]. PMID- 1229488 TI - [Determination of sinoatrial conduction time in man--methods and results]. PMID- 1229489 TI - [Bundle-of-His leads via the arm vein]. PMID- 1229490 TI - [Localization and prognosis of various forms of atrioventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 1229491 TI - [Relationship between anti-arrhythmia effect and pharmacological data of Brufacaine in parenteral and oral administration in man]. PMID- 1229492 TI - [Bundle-of-His electrography during Brufacaine administration. Animal experiment studies]. PMID- 1229493 TI - [AV-conduction system under high doses of ajmaline binitrate and sparteine. Animal experiments using bundle of His electrography]. PMID- 1229494 TI - Echocardiographic studies in patients with preexcitation syndrome. PMID- 1229495 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia in anaphylaxis]. PMID- 1229496 TI - [Relationships between serum electrolyte values and ECG changes]. PMID- 1229497 TI - [Significance of the isoproterenol test for the diagnostic differentiation of equal-side negative T-waves in the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 1229498 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in anaphylactic shock in man]. PMID- 1229499 TI - [Cardiac diagnosis using impulse-reflected ultrasound]. PMID- 1229500 TI - [Determination of heart rate volume and contractility parameters using impedance cardiography in comparison with conventional methods during rest and ergometric exertion]. PMID- 1229501 TI - [Comparative studies between left ventricular diastolic pressures and pulmonary artery pressure measured simultaneously during rest and exertion]. PMID- 1229502 TI - [Ventricular ejection fraction--isotope angiography studies and comparative measurements using cineangiography]. PMID- 1229503 TI - [Behavior of serum enzymes prior to and following heart catheterization]. PMID- 1229504 TI - [Ultrastructure of the interior surface of used heart catheters]. PMID- 1229505 TI - [Evaluation of the plasma catecholamine level following stepwise collection from the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 1229506 TI - [Comparative studies on the concentration of blood catecholamines adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in plasma, erythrocytes and thrombocytes]. PMID- 1229507 TI - [Echocardiography evaluation of aortic valve defects]. PMID- 1229508 TI - [Diagnosis of defective valve prosthesis using cineangiography]. PMID- 1229509 TI - [Quantitative analysis ofleft ventricular cineangiogram in the idiopathic mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MKPS)]. PMID- 1229510 TI - [Mitral valve dysfunction in aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 1229511 TI - [Hemodynamic studies of pulmonary circulation following prosthetic aortic valve replacement]. PMID- 1229512 TI - [Hemodynamic studies within the first 6 weeks following closed mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 1229513 TI - [Ferrokinetic studies in patients with Bjork-Shiley heart valve prostheses]. PMID- 1229514 TI - [Increased incidence of gallstones due to considerable hemolysis rate in artificial heart valve replacement]. PMID- 1229515 TI - [Morphologic changes of the left ventricle with disorders of the contraction process in mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 1229516 TI - [Extracorporal counterpulsation]. PMID- 1229518 TI - [Significance of myocardial perfusion-scanning. Comparison with selective coronary angiography and left ventricular angiography]. PMID- 1229517 TI - [Effect of acute hypoxia on oxygen supply of the trained and untrained healthy heart]. PMID- 1229519 TI - [Comparison between ergometric load capacity and coronary reserve demonstrated by drugs, in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)]. PMID- 1229520 TI - [Ergometric stress with ECG and blood pressure determination as a screening method for the simultaneous recognition of coronary insufficiency and hypertensive regulation disorders]. PMID- 1229521 TI - [Prognostic significance of coronary sclerosis as demonstrated by radiography]. PMID- 1229522 TI - [Hemodynamic examination of acute infarct]. PMID- 1229523 TI - [Prognostic evaluation in the surveillance of hemodynamic trend following acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1229524 TI - [Prognosis following circulatory arrest in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1229525 TI - [Postmyocardial infarction syndrome with unusual antibodies]. PMID- 1229526 TI - [Effect of isosorbide dinitrate on fresh myocardial infarct as compared with nifedipine (Bay a 1040)]. PMID- 1229527 TI - [Interactions of lidocaine and potassium. Determination of characteristic values for the stimulation and stimulation conduction in single myocardial fibers and their significance for the understanding of clinical observations in the patient]. PMID- 1229528 TI - [Dose-related effect of the beta sympatholytic agent prindolol (Visken) on hemodynamics and contractility of the heart following experimental coronary occlusion]. PMID- 1229529 TI - [Changes in the fibrillation threshold of the heart during the first 10 hours following acute coronary occlusion]. PMID- 1229530 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activities in experimental ischemic myocardial injury]. PMID- 1229531 TI - [Function of the surviving myocardium following experimental infarction]. PMID- 1229532 TI - [Mitochondrial function and myocardial contraction in chronic potassium deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1229533 TI - [Prevention of myocardial necroses in hereditary cardiopathy of the Syrian golden hamster]. PMID- 1229534 TI - [Pathology and clinical picture of interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 1229536 TI - [Clinical function diagnosis in interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 1229535 TI - [Pathophysiology of diffusion disorders]. PMID- 1229537 TI - [Morphologic equivalents in cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 1229538 TI - [Roentgenologic findings in interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 1229540 TI - [Lung involvement in collagen diseases]. PMID- 1229539 TI - [Alveolitis and interstitial lung diseases due to organic dusts and drugs]. PMID- 1229541 TI - [Radiation fibroses]. PMID- 1229542 TI - [Pulmonary hemosiderosis and Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 1229543 TI - [Lung diseases due to inorganic dusts]. PMID- 1229544 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the lung]. PMID- 1229545 TI - [Shock lung. Introduction]. PMID- 1229547 TI - [Lung metabolism in shock lung]. PMID- 1229546 TI - [Pathology of the shock lung]. PMID- 1229548 TI - [Pulmonary gas exchange in shock lung]. PMID- 1229549 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of the shock lung]. PMID- 1229550 TI - [Round table discussion. Prevention and therapy of the shock lung]. PMID- 1229551 TI - [Pulmonary gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion during dopamine administration]. PMID- 1229552 TI - [Comparative studies on pulmonary diffusing capacity]. PMID- 1229553 TI - [A system of PaO2-regulated oxygen supply in patients with shock lung]. PMID- 1229554 TI - [Oxygen therapy in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 1229555 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic changes in patients with bronchial asthma during therapy with isosorbide and dinitrate retard]. PMID- 1229556 TI - [Comparison of pulmonary function and histology in pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 1229557 TI - [Ultrastructure of acute neurogenic pulmonary edema]. PMID- 1229558 TI - [Error possibilities in the determination of normal values based on biologic variance]. PMID- 1229559 TI - [Normal values and pattern of findings in primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 1229560 TI - [Normal values and pattern of findings in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas]. PMID- 1229561 TI - [Normal values and pattern of findings in liver diseases]. PMID- 1229562 TI - [Normal values and pattern of findings in congenital and acquired coagulopathies]. PMID- 1229563 TI - [Normal values and pattern of findings in kidney diseases]. PMID- 1229564 TI - [Normal values and pattern of findings in diseases of the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex]. PMID- 1229565 TI - [Computer utilization in the clinical-chemical laboratory]. PMID- 1229566 TI - [Evaluation of the assimilisation coefficient (cG) in the intravenous glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 1229567 TI - [A criterion for specificity of radioimmunological determination of urinary steroids]. PMID- 1229568 TI - [Normal values for serum lipids]. PMID- 1229569 TI - [Possibilities for errors during the establishment of normal values for cerebrospinal-fluid proteins: experiences with a new microelectrophoresis for natural cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 1229570 TI - [Effect of physical exertion on blood and plasma parameters in healthy subjects and patients with metabolic diseases]. PMID- 1229571 TI - [Monitoring of the metabolism]. PMID- 1229572 TI - [Infection hazards for patients: an introduction to current problems]. PMID- 1229573 TI - [Disorders of the humoral defense mechanism]. PMID- 1229574 TI - [Problem pathogens]. PMID- 1229575 TI - [Possibilities and results of treatment in a pathogen-free environment]. PMID- 1229576 TI - [Problems of clinical diagnosis and therapy of a new arena virus infection (Lassa fever)]. PMID- 1229577 TI - [Experiences with rabies vaccination]. PMID- 1229578 TI - [Septic complications in geriatric patients]. PMID- 1229579 TI - [Serologic examinations on the infestation of the Berlin population to Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. PMID- 1229580 TI - [Mycoplasma infection in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1229581 TI - [Incidence of bacteriuria in hormonal contraception]. PMID- 1229582 TI - [Electrophysiological equivalents in cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 1229583 TI - [Intensive care in severe thallium poisoning with special reference to extracorporeal dialysis]. PMID- 1229584 TI - [Changes in the metabolites of fat and carbohydrate metabolism in acute intoxications]. PMID- 1229585 TI - [Clinical and toxicological studies on DIQUAT elimination using extracorporeal hemodialysis]. PMID- 1229586 TI - [Therapy of biguanidine-induced lactate acidosis]. PMID- 1229587 TI - [Evaluation of deep comas with reversible and irreversible brain damage using EEG within the scope of internal diseases]. PMID- 1229588 TI - [A new group of protease inhibitors]. PMID- 1229589 TI - [Significance of blood lactate in disease-course evaluation and therapy of shock]. PMID- 1229590 TI - [Effect of volume substitution and dopamine on capillary circulation of muscles and capillary transport capacity in circulatory shock of man]. PMID- 1229591 TI - [Septic infections in an intensive care unit for internal medicine]. PMID- 1229592 TI - [Basic principles of biomembrane function]. PMID- 1229593 TI - [Regulation of electrolyte metabolism through membrane transport]. PMID- 1229594 TI - [Membrane characteristics, membrane transport and erythrocyte function]. PMID- 1229595 TI - [Active transport in the intestinal mucosa]. PMID- 1229596 TI - [Plasma membrane of the liver cell]. PMID- 1229597 TI - [Stimulation of lymphocytes: structural changes and function of the plasma membrane]. PMID- 1229598 TI - [Signal changes in biomembranes]. PMID- 1229599 TI - [Possibilities in bundle-of-His electrography]. PMID- 1229600 TI - [Affinity of g-strophantin for the cardiac glycoside receptor of human myocardial cell membranes]. PMID- 1229601 TI - [Sodium transport as part of the erythrocyte membrane function]. PMID- 1229602 TI - [Membrane architecture and hormone effect]. PMID- 1229603 TI - The role of the endothelium in atherosclerosis. PMID- 1229604 TI - Smooth muscle cell and atherosclerosis. PMID- 1229605 TI - [Significance of the mesenchyma in the arteriosclerotic process]. PMID- 1229606 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 1229607 TI - [Plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 1229608 TI - [Interconversion and catabolism of plasma lipoproteins]. PMID- 1229610 TI - Drugs and atherosclerosis. PMID- 1229609 TI - [Nutrition and arteriosclerosis--current problems]. PMID- 1229611 TI - Round-table discussion. Atherosclerosis--can it regress? PMID- 1229612 TI - [Smoking and arteriosclerosis of peripheral vessels]. PMID- 1229613 TI - [New criteria for the objectivation of drug therapy in arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 1229614 TI - [Use of impedance plethysmography as a screening method in the early recognition of peripheral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1229615 TI - [Effect of nifedipine (Adalat) on regional cerebral circulation and circulation in the lower leg]. PMID- 1229616 TI - [Blood circulation in the extremities during rest and following exertion in subjects with normotension and patients with borderline hypertension and with manifested hypertension]. PMID- 1229617 TI - [Thrombolysis through ultrasound]. PMID- 1229618 TI - [Effect of beta stimulation on venous peripheral blood vessels]. PMID- 1229619 TI - [Immunologic and clinico-chemical studies on gammopathies]. PMID- 1229620 TI - [Cytological findings in gammopathies]. PMID- 1229621 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of primary benign and secondary paraproteinoses]. PMID- 1229622 TI - [Sinus bradycardia and sinoatrial block]. PMID- 1229624 TI - [Gamma-D-plasmacytoma]. PMID- 1229623 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of plasmacytoma]. PMID- 1229626 TI - [Experimental studies on "uremic gastritis"]. PMID- 1229625 TI - [Metabolic changes in the perfused, uremic rat liver following ammonia load]. PMID- 1229627 TI - [Amino-acid metabolism in uremia and the effect of various biochemically definable nutritional compounds on it]. PMID- 1229628 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of the rectum in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 1229629 TI - [Bone collagen metabolism in uremia--studies of plasma hydroxyproline level in chronic, non-dialyzed kidney disease]. PMID- 1229630 TI - [Fluoride determination in the serum--a new additional parameter for bone metabolism in patients with chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 1229631 TI - [Comparative clinical and histomorphological studies on the therapy of renal osteopathy using vitamin D and 5,6-trans-25-OHCC]. PMID- 1229632 TI - [Hemotherapy of nephrogenic anemia]. PMID- 1229633 TI - [Sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis--a previously not described disease picture]. PMID- 1229634 TI - [Atrioventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 1229635 TI - [Effect of dialysis and dialysis-dependent changes in water-electrolyte balance on plasma aldosterone in patients with terminal kidney failure]. PMID- 1229636 TI - [Critical review of various proceedures for the early detection of peripheral arterial changes]. PMID- 1229637 TI - [Dotter's dilatation method from the vascular surgical viewpoint]. PMID- 1229638 TI - [Hemodynamics of the "aorto-iliacal steal syndrome"]. PMID- 1229639 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of acute arterial occlusions in the extremities with special reference to early and late embolectomy]. PMID- 1229640 TI - [The cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 1229641 TI - [Ergotism and its significance today]. PMID- 1229642 TI - Angiographic observations in penetrating duodenal ulceration and their resemblance to primary pancreatic disease. PMID- 1229643 TI - Capillary diffusion capacity for I-131 and capillary filtration in patients with atherosclerosis of extremity arteries. PMID- 1229645 TI - Arterial and venous function in the lower leg in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. PMID- 1229644 TI - Angiographic features of space occupying perirenal inflammatory lesions. PMID- 1229646 TI - Arterial and venous function in the lower leg in patients with primary lymphoedema. PMID- 1229647 TI - [The effect of strophantin on the mesenterial arteries (pathogenesis of non occlusive disease). Correlation of angiomorphometric and hemodynamic measurements in the animal model]. PMID- 1229648 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole: aggregation inhibition in the rabbit experiment]. PMID- 1229649 TI - Is non-radical surgery for varicose veins justifiable? PMID- 1229650 TI - Induced hypertension as a therapy in Buerger's disease (thromboangitis obliterans). PMID- 1229651 TI - [Family backgrounds of patients with various forms of the course of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229652 TI - [Prospective approach to the study of schizophrenia from the point of view of genetic and environmental factors]. PMID- 1229653 TI - [Genetic aspects of schizophrenia--1 principal gene or multifactor model, nosological entity or theory of heterogenicity?]. PMID- 1229654 TI - [Biological psychiatry: its problems and perspectives]. PMID- 1229655 TI - [Geneological peculiarities of the clinical picture of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229656 TI - [Genetic differentiation between paranoid and hebephrenic schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229657 TI - [Dynamics of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229658 TI - [Damage to the cell membranes as a possible link in the pathogenesis]. PMID- 1229659 TI - [Release of dopamine and symptoms of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229660 TI - [Body constitution, composition and androgen excretion in schizophrenics]. PMID- 1229661 TI - [Cytogenetic study of patients with schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229662 TI - [Information theory aspects of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1229663 TI - [Electroanalgesia in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 1229664 TI - [Classification of schizophrenia (historical review, current status)]. PMID- 1229665 TI - [Latent psoriasis]. PMID- 1229666 TI - [Disorders in macro- and microelement metabolism in eczema and their significance in the pathogenesis of the disease]. PMID- 1229667 TI - [Functional state of the skin in neurodermatitis during compound therapy using pyrogenal and measured vacuum]. PMID- 1229668 TI - [Changes in the autonomic innervation in lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1229669 TI - [Clinical significance of the exacerbation reaction in syphilis]. PMID- 1229670 TI - [Experimental hepatotoxic action of methotrexate]. PMID- 1229671 TI - [Skin cancer of the scrotum]. PMID- 1229672 TI - [Tuberculous lupus of the external ear]. PMID- 1229673 TI - [Improved clamp for irrigation]. PMID- 1229674 TI - [Case of a gonorrheal skin lesion]. PMID- 1229675 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of a gonorrheal lesion of the rectum in women]. PMID- 1229676 TI - [Effect of the cytotoxic action preparation fotrin on the function of the adrenal cortex in the treatment of reticulodermia]. PMID- 1229677 TI - [Standard curve for evaluation of the degree of hearing disorder or type of deafness in children]. PMID- 1229678 TI - [Portable rehabilitation microdevice]. PMID- 1229679 TI - [Device for electrode fixing during electrocochleography]. PMID- 1229680 TI - [Rhinoplethysmography - an objective method of recording vascular reactions in the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 1229681 TI - [Glasses with electrodes for electronystagmography]. PMID- 1229682 TI - [Certain indicators of histochemical and ultrastructural analysis of human laryngeal cancer before and after radiotherapy]. PMID- 1229683 TI - [Histochemistry of lipids in laryngeal tumors after radiotherapy]. PMID- 1229684 TI - [Comparative evaluation of remote results of resection of the larynx in cancer depending on the extent of the process and the type of surgery]. PMID- 1229685 TI - [Surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer in patients subjected to radiotherapy]. PMID- 1229686 TI - [Changes in the walls of large blood vessels after cryogenic surgery (experimental study)]. PMID- 1229687 TI - [Prolapse of laryngeal ventricles]. PMID- 1229688 TI - [Scleroma in Berezno region of the Rovno district]. PMID- 1229689 TI - [Scleroma in Zdolbunov region of the Rovno district]. PMID- 1229690 TI - [Indications for tonsillectomy and preoperative preparation of patients with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1229691 TI - [Extralabyrinth mechanisms of pathogenesis of seasickness (motion sickness) and its nonspecific treatment]. PMID- 1229692 TI - [Dynamics and age characteristics of reagin formation after administration of antigen into palatine tonsils]. PMID- 1229693 TI - [Use of the terms of international anatomical nomenclature]. PMID- 1229694 TI - [Methodical approach to determination of long-term need of otorhinolaryngological service to the population of Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 1229695 TI - [Classification of chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 1229696 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinosinusopathies]. PMID- 1229697 TI - [Use of siloxan during tympanoplasty in patients with epidermal layer on the walls of the tympanic cavity]. PMID- 1229698 TI - [Complex treatment of scleroma]. PMID- 1229699 TI - [Method of determination of blood loss in nosebleed]. PMID- 1229700 TI - [Adamantinoma of the maxillary sinus spreading into the nasal cavity]. PMID- 1229701 TI - [Occupational cancer of the nasal cavity and accessory sinuses]. PMID- 1229702 TI - [Cavernous angioma of the pharynx]. PMID- 1229703 TI - [Chondroma of the larynx]. PMID- 1229704 TI - [2 cases of cancer of the upper respiratory tract in brothers]. PMID- 1229705 TI - [Case of metastasis of laryngeal cancer into the axillary lymph nodes]. PMID- 1229706 TI - [Fibrous maxillary osteodysplasia in a 5-year-old child]. PMID- 1229707 TI - [Allergic reaction in the pharynx to bee venom]. PMID- 1229708 TI - [Intubation sound for contrast laryngography]. PMID- 1229709 TI - [Use of anti-moisture device for indirect laryngoscopy and posterior rhinoscopy]. PMID- 1229710 TI - [Determination of zeranol in meat (author's transl)]. AB - A qualitative and quantitative method for the determination of zeranol in meat and liver is described. The analysis procedure includes methanol extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis of possibly existing conjugates, and liquid-liquid partition, followed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Zeranol is selectively made visible as a red-violet spot with Fast Blue B salt. The detection limit in meat is found to be 10 ppb. For the quantitative determination zeranol is eluted from the TLC plates and reacted with Fast Blue B salt. A quantitative determination can be performed with a concentration of 0.4 ppm. The application of this method demonstrated the presence of zeranol in 2 out of 18 commercially obtained samples. PMID- 1229711 TI - [Bitter peptides of casein isolated by hydrolysis with alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin (author's transl)]. AB - Two bitter peptides, H-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Glu-Leu-Phe-OH (I) and H-Val-Glu-Val-Phe-Ala Pro-Pro-Phe-OH (II) were isolated from casein, hydrolyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin. The hexapeptide is cleaved by thermolysine between Glu and Leu. The two fragments are bitter too. A bitter dodecapeptide (III) was obtained 20 min hydrolysis of casein with trypsin. On account of amino acid composition and N-terminus peptide III is probably identical with a peptide from a 12 hrs hydrolyzate, described in 1970 by Matoba. The peptides I and III have equal taste tresholds in the range of 0.08-0.10 muM/ml. PMID- 1229712 TI - [Simplification of the dinitrophenylhydrazine method for the photometric determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in fruit juices. I. Application to juice of black current (author's transl)]. AB - The photometric determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid by preparing the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative of dehydroascorbic acid and purifying it by thinlayerchromatography was simplified and adapted to the microliter system of Eppendorf Geratebau, Hamburg, Germany. Using this method with juice of black current, quite reproducible results for vitamin C contents were obtained. Compared with the method of the International Federation of Fruit Juice Producers (titration with 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol) the contents of vitamin C found with nine different commercial juices of black current were lower from 13 to 30%. PMID- 1229713 TI - [Investigation on the aroma of roasted onions (author's transl)]. AB - A large number of volatile compounds are formed when onions are heated in butter. More than 120 compounds could be identified with GC-MS-technic. The majority of the substances is not characteristic for the onion aroma. Compounds formed according to a patented production of onion aroma could not be identified. PMID- 1229714 TI - [V. The phenolics of strawberries and their changes during development and ripeness of the fruits (author's transl)]. AB - 16 strawberry varieties contained ca. 10--70 mg (+)-catechin per kg freshweight, frequently up to 10 mg (-)-epicatechin, seldom (+)-gallocatechin and never (-) epigallocatechin. The phenolic contents after hydrolysis were up to ca. 10 mg caffeic acid, ca. 10--15 mg p-coumaric acid, ca. 10--35 mg 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, up to 6 mg protocatechuic acid and ca. 10--40 mg gallic acid per 1000 g freshweight. From "Senga Sengana" ca. 10 mg/kg methyl gallate and ellagic acid were isolated. Salicylic acid, gentisic acid and vanillic acid were found in traces (1 mg/kg). The concentrations of all the examined phenolic acids, relating to the whole fruit (mg per fruit) increased, and, relating to fresh weight (mg per kg) decreased during the growth of the fruits with exception of 4 hydroxybenzoic acid. This acid appeared only in a relatively late stage of the fruit. The changes in catechins were similar. In the ripe fruit the catechin level was reduced a little. PMID- 1229715 TI - [Determination of D-isocitric-acid in currant products (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of D-isocitric-acid in currant products is described Disturbances by ingredients can be eliminated with polyamide. It is suggested that the citric: isocitric acid ratio can be used to detect adulterated products. PMID- 1229716 TI - Aflatoxin can be degraded by the mycelium of aspergillus parasiticus. AB - Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were degraded by the 8- and 16-day old but not by the 4-day old mycelium of a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus. The 16 day old mycelium degraded the toxin more rapidly than did the 8-day old mycelium. Degradation of toxin by the mycelium was similar at pH 2.5 and 6.0. PMID- 1229718 TI - [Relations between structure and bitter taste of amino acids and peptides. I. Amino acids and related compounds]. AB - About 60 amino acids, amino acid esters, N-acyl amino acids, amines, and other related compounds were tested for bitter taste. The recognition thresholds are in the range from 100 muMol/ml (L-2-amino butyric acid) to 0.8 muMol/ml (benzamide). Essential structural requirements for bitter compounds are a polar (electrophilic) group and a hydrophobic one, which must be arranged in a defined manner. The results are summarized in a model which shows the zones of contact between bitter compound and receptor. PMID- 1229717 TI - The effect of zinc and phytic acid on the incorporation of 1-14C-acetate into aflatoxin by resting mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - The effect of zinc and phytic acid on [1-14C]-acetate incorporation into aflatoxins by resting mycelium was studied. When different levels of ZnSO4 were used to study its effect on the incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate into aflatoxins, it was found that the specific radioactivity incorporation into aflatoxins was maximum at the level of 10 mM-ZnSO4. At this concentration the change in the specific radioactivities of aflatoxins B1 + B2 and aflatoxins G1 + G2 were +74.61% and +29.66%, respectively. On the other hand, phytic acid had an inhibitory effect on the incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate. These observations have been correlated in order to find out why soyabean is unable to produce aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus. PMID- 1229719 TI - The phenolics of fruits. VII. The phenolics of cherries and plums and the changes in catechins and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives during the development of fruits. AB - Quantitative data of hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycoumarins (after hydrolysis of derivatives) and of catechins are given. Large quantities of catechins and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are found in the young fruit. Related to mg per kg fresh weight these concentrations soon decline sharply, especially during the progressive growth of the fruits. Related to mg per fruit, the concentrations of catechins increase progressively with fruit development, showing a loss when reaching maturity. The concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acids increase in a similar manner, but show in part a remarkable loss when examined after removal of the harder seeds. PMID- 1229720 TI - [Investigation on coffee and coffee-substitutes. XVII. Behaviour of polysaccharide-complexes of robusta-coffee during roasting]. AB - Two varieties of Coffea robusta of light, medium and dark roasting degree were investigated. The results were similar to those which were published earlier concerning Coffea arabica. One part of the mannane and galactane is destroyed. Another part, which exists originally as a constituent of the holocellulose, is made water soluble. Of this part, the mannane is found in the complex of water soluble polysaccharides, the galactane in the complex of galactoarabane. PMID- 1229721 TI - [Contamination of milk and milk products with chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Westphalian area. II. Results and discussion]. AB - During the time of August 1972 til end of January 1974 samples of butter from 20 dairies from the westfalian area were investigated with regard to their content of chlorinated hydrocarbons. In all samples of milk and butter could be proved: HCB, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-BHC, Heptachlorepoxid (HE), DDT, DDE, DDD, Dieldrin and PCB's, not however, Aldrin, Heptachlor and o,p'-DDT. With HCB, alpha- and gamma-BHC a dependance on the season was observed with maximum values during the winter months. With DDT, DDE and HE the variations were less. With PCB's dependencies on the season or influences of the location were not be recognised. The structure of farming seems to have a significant influence on the contents of HCB. In the course of butter processing the content on chlorinated hydrocarbons related to milk fat is not changed, metabolization does not play a role, either. With the start of lactation the concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons especially of PCB's are increased as could be shown with single samples. PMID- 1229722 TI - [On phenolic acids of vegetables. I. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of brassica-species and leaves of other cruciferae (author's transl)]. AB - The contents of phenolic acids in vegetables of the species Brassica almost totally consist of hydroxycinnamic acid compounds. In contrary to other species of vegetables sinapic acid is dominant. Leaves of radish (Rhaphanus sativus var. sativus and var. niger) mainly contain compounds of caffeic and p-coumaric acid; leaves of horse radish show only traces of hydroxycinnamic acids. In the group of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives traces of salicylic and gentistic acid could be determined in almost all species and frequently vanillic acid. Protocatechnic acid was only identified in red cabbage, especially in the head, syringic acid in gardencress and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in horse radish leaves. No other hydroxybenzoic acids or hydroxycoumarins could be detected. PMID- 1229723 TI - Formation of volatile compounds and brown products in the model system n-hexanal glycine. AB - During the boiling of a mixture of n-hexanal and glycine in aqueous medium, pH value 9, both soluble and insoluble brown colored pigments and volatile compounds were formed. The following volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry; hexanone, decenone, undecenone, undecan-5 one, undecenedione, dodecenone, tridecanone, dodecanedione, tridecenone, dodecenedione, hexenyl hexanoate, caproic, valeric and butyric acids. The brown coloured pigments insoluble in water contained 0.57% of nitrogen. The presence of conjugated double-bonds, carbonyl and carboxyl groups was confirmed by spectral methods. The pigments were also separated by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. PMID- 1229724 TI - [The determination of saccharin by gas chromatography after methylation with diazomethane (author's transl)]. AB - Saccharin may be determined by gas chromatography after methylation with diazomethane. In this reaction there are found N-methyl-saccharin, and the O methyl ether as well as methoxycarbonyl benzenesulfonamide by ring fission. PMID- 1229726 TI - [Photometric determination of arsenic in biological samples (author's transl)]. AB - A modified method by means of absorption of AsH3 in chloroform with an addition of 0,5% hexamethylene-tetramine is described. The detection limit amounts to 0,5 mug arsenic. Arsenic contents of some higher burdened foodstuff are amended. PMID- 1229725 TI - Fluorescence changes of aflatoxins B1 and G1. AB - The effects of various factors, such as pH, buffer, sodiumchloride and ultra violet radiation on the fluorescence of aflatoxins B1 and G1 have been studied. The fluorescence characteristics of aflatoxins B1 and G1 underwent a marked change at pH values above 7.2. Prolonged exposure to ultra-violet radiation lead to some degradation of aflatoxins and the extent of degradation was dependent upon the nature of the solvent. Sodium chloride partially protected the toxins from degradation by ultra-violet radiation or alkaline conditions. PMID- 1229727 TI - [Bitter peptides isolated from corn protein zein by hydrolysis with pepsin (author's transl)]. AB - Eight peptides with bitter taste were isolated from a hydrolyzate of the corn protein zein using several chromatographic procedures. The peptides have the following amino acid sequences and taste thresholds (muM/ml): Ala-Ile-Ala (50 100), Ala-Ala-Leu (50-100), Gly-Ala-Leu (50-100), Leu-Glu-Leu (2.5-3.5), Leu-Glu Leu (8-12), Leu-Val-Leu (1.5-2.5), Leu-Pro-Phe-Asn-Gln-Leu (0.1-0.2), Leu-Pro-Phe Ser-Gln-Leu (0.1-0.2). The threshold for bitter taste decreases with increasing number of hydrophobic side chains (greater than or equal to C3) in the peptide. It increases in the presence of hydrophilic side chains to their polarity. PMID- 1229728 TI - Structure-taste relationship of some sweet-tasting dipeptide esters. AB - The sweetness of dipeptide esters, structurally related to L-aspartyl-L phenylalanine methyl ester (Aspartame), depends among other things on molecular size. This paper describes a method for predicting whether a dipeptide ester is sweet or not with the aid of atomic models. The method is based on the determination of the size, length and shape of the side chain (R) of the amino acid ester attached to L-aspartic acid. We measured the side chains of 28 dipeptide esters, 13 of which were synthesized and evaluated for sweetness in our laboratory. Data of the other esters were taken from the literature. Twentyone dipeptide esters were sweet; the size and length of the side chains could be correlated with the degree of sweetness. An ester is sweet provided the length of the side chain (R) is between 4.8 and 8.8 A, and its size greater than or equal to 29 A; as for shape of R in sweet esters, there were two maxima in space filling at about 2 and 4 A or about 3 and 5 A from the asymmetric carbon atom. PMID- 1229729 TI - [Editorial: Prevention of dental diseases]. PMID- 1229730 TI - [Incidence of caries in the Canton Waadt (Vaud) after the change from fluoride tablets to fluoridization of salt]. AB - This report shows results of a survey on dental caries in the Canton of Vaud in the years 1970 and 1974. In this canton fluoridation was carried out by means of fluoride tablets distributed at school until 1969/70 and in subsequent years by adding 250 mg F/kg fluoride to domestic salt. For comparison, results from adjoining and other cantons are also presented. In 1970 the 3 communities in the Canton of Vaud (Moudon, Grandson and Vevey) showed a remarkably low overall caries level due to the distribution of fluoride tablets, supplemented in Grandson with regular brushings with fluoride solution. When the fluoride tablets were discontinued in 1968/70 and fluoridated domestic salt containing 250 mg F/kg NaCl was introduced, caries incidence reached an even lower level. In these 3 communities caries prevalence fell to the lowest level reached, so far, by means of preventive measures in Bettlach (Canton of Solothurn, toothbrushing with fluoride solutions 6 times per year combined with information, fluoride tablets on every school day, and in addition consumption of table salt fluoridated at a suboptimal level of 90 ppm). The children in the control communities Romont (Canton of Fribourg), St-Aubin (Canton of Neuchatel) and Chatel-St-Denis (Canton of Fribourg) also showed decreases of caries levels from 1970 to 1974. This decrease can be attributed to the distribution of fluoride tablets started at the schools of this community in the late sixties. Caries incidence in the age spans 8 to 12 and 10 to 14 years was estimated. Children from the Canton of Vaud where fluoridated table salt was practically the only preventive measure showed a smaller DMF increase than those from the cantons Fribourg and Neuchatel. By means of a method combining DMF means of various age groups it was possible to obtain sufficiently large numbers of children for a study of the caries prevalence in each community. All communities showed a decrease of caries levels. In the Canton of Vaud this reduction started at a lower initial level and in 1974 reached consistently lower values than those of the control communities of the cantons of Fribourg and Neuchatel. PMID- 1229731 TI - [Urinary excretion of fluorides in inhabitants of the Canton Vaud who consume fluoridated salt as compared with that of the inhabitants of neighboring cantons who consume nonfluoridated salt]. AB - In the Swiss canton of Vaud (512000 inhabitants) the salt available for human consumption has been fluoridated since 1969 by adding 250 mg F- per kg of salt. The urinary excretion of fluoride has been investigated in large samples of the population in 1970 and in 1974. The present study reports the results of the 1974 study, in which the urinary fluoride excretion of persons living in the canton of Vaud was compared to that of a smaller sample of people living in small townships across the border of the canton, in which neither edible salt nor water are fluoridated. The concentration of fluoride in 444 single samples of urine from adult persons living in the canton of Vaud was 1.06 +/- 0.03 mg/l, in 40 subjects living two townships across the border 0.62 +/- 0.06 mg/l. The excretion of fluoride per 24 hrs has been evaluated by measuring simultaneously the creatinine concentration in the urine samples under the assumption of constant creatinine and fluoride excretion within 24 hour periods. The calculated fluoride excretion in 366 subjects living in the canton of Vaud was 1.14 +/- 0.03 mg/24 hrs, that of 40 subjects living outside of the canton 0.60 +/- 0.05 mg/24 hrs when the figure inserted for the excretion of creatinine within 24 hours was taken from a study of Rowe [9]. A few data reported suggest that the mean excretion of creatinine in the urine of normal subjects living in Switzerland was only 67% of that measured in the U.S. by Rowe. Total fluoride excretions calculated under this assumption were 0.76 +/- 0.02 mg/24 hrs for persons living in Vaud vs. 0.40 +/- 0.04 mg/24 hrs in the subjects living outside of Vaud. The concentrations of fluoride found in the urine of the adult subjects of the present study did not differ significantly from those found in school children aged 7-15 living in the same communities. Concentrations of fluoride in urine appear to have increased since 1970 in subjects living in the canton of Vaud. This fact may indicate that a steady state equality between intake and urinary excretion of fluoride had not yet been reached in 1970. In 366 urine samples of subjects living in Vaud in 1974, the concentration of fluoride in urine could be represented as a linear regression on the concentration of creatinine. The slope of this regression was smaller than unity indicating an enhanced fluoride excretion at higher rates of urine flow and a depressed excretion at low rates of urine flow. The occurrence of diurnal variations in the urinary excretion of fluoride or of creatinine could not be excluded in the present study. The urinary excretion of fluoride exceeded 2.5 mg/24 hr in approximately 2% of the subjects living in the canton of Vaud but was smaller than 0.8 mg/24 hr in approximately 18%. It was concluded that fluoridation of salt at the level indicated should be an effective measure for the prevention of dental caries. It was, furthermore, concluded that salt fluoridation at the level indicated does not present any risk of toxicity. PMID- 1229732 TI - [Status of dental preventive efforts in Switzerland]. AB - Regarding schools, the first endeavours of preventive dentistry based on the results of modern scientific results were made in the early fifties in the Canton of St. Gall. Great efforts have been made since then and it is impossible to keep track of all activities. At the schools it is the teachers on one hand and specialized or lay auxiliary personnel on the other who organize and perform supervised toothbrushing exercises with fluorides. In Switzerland there are now some 30 full-time positions for auxiliaries charged with preventive measures at Kindergarten or school. An estimate of the population reached by the various methods of prevention is presented. The costs of prevention are but a small fraction of the cost of conservative treatment. In the majority of the private dental offices prevention is part of the activity, but with varying intensity. As to public clinics, the preventive programm run by the Volkszahnklinik Basel is most advanced. It is important that prevention is introduced in all regions of Switzerland and that it reaches the children of all ages. The future depends strongly on the availability of auxiliary personnel working at the schools and in the dental offices. PMID- 1229734 TI - [Results of a survey on periodontal prevention carried out in a test population in Bern]. AB - In 1974 the authors carried out an inquiry about knowledge and behavior concerning periodontal prevention. Two-hundred persons from Berne and surroundings sampled by a random procedure were interviewed. It appeared that knowledge about the causes, consequences, prevention and therapy of periodontal disease was fragmentary. Accordingly prophylactic efforts of the interviewed persons were not very systematic. Often people believed in the effect of special remedies such as mouth-wash and special tooth-paste. They did not know that a perfect technique of oral hygiene is the basic requirement for periodontal prevention. It appeared that the advising function of the dentists was partially insufficient. Patients suffering from bleeding gums had not received adequate information regarding the seriousness of their situation, or they were referred to the special remedies mentioned in figure 3. Instruction of a perfect oral hygiene technique was therefore neglected. PMID- 1229733 TI - [Success of preventive dentistry in Switzerland]. AB - Water fluoridation was introduced in Basle in 1962. Caries prevalence (DMFS) ten years after fluoridation was, depending on age, 47 percent to 77 percent lower than before fluoridation. The percentage of pupils entering school with caries free deciduous and permanent teeth increased from 6.7 percent in 1961 to 35.3 percent in 1974. Fluoride tablets (0.5-1.0 mg F) distributed at school approximately 200 times a year were highly effective in inhibiting caries. Mean DMFS caries reductions were about 47 percent. Supervised toothbrushing exercises with concentrated fluoride solutions or rinsing tablets 6 times a year combined with repeated information decreased the caries incidence by approximately 50 percent. Caries reductions in anterior teeth were about 80 percent. The supervised toothbrushing was beneficial to the deciduous teeth and the gingiva. Fluoride tablet distribution combined with supervised fluoride toothbrushing yielded higher reductions. PMID- 1229735 TI - [Epidemiological survey of various odonto- and parodontopathies among adolescents aged 16-20 years living in Geneva: first results]. AB - The present paper reports some initial numerical results referring to an epidemiological study of the main dental and periodontal diseases prevalent in late adolescence. The study itself is based on a random sample survey covering the Geneva adolescent population, ages 16 to 20, and takin in 1970-1972. SAMPLE SIZE: 1392, i.e. 13% of the population. The first part depicts the overall dental health status of the mentioned sample in terms of DMF teeth counts (total recording) as depending on age groups (16-17, 17-18, 18-19 and 19-20 years), occupation (students, apprentices, and young labourers) and sex (boys, girls). The second part is devoted more specifically to the lasting effects ascribable to fluorine prophylaxis: variations of the DMF tooth count, as a function of age, for adolescents protected by fluoride intake in comparison with adolescents not so protected; estimated effect, due to fluoridation, on severity of carious lesions, again in relation with age. It is concluded that regular intake of fluoride tablets decreases overall caries frequency and slows down development of more severe forms. PMID- 1229736 TI - [Periodontal disease and prevention in children and adolescents]. AB - Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that: 1. Bacterial plaque which accumulates around the teeth is responsible for chronic periodontal inflammation. From adolescence on, this inflammation is almost universal. 2. Gingivitis prepares the periodontitis, which is characterized by a migration of the epithelial attachment, pocket formation and progressive bone loss. 3. Calculus is formed by plaque calcification. Its rough surface allows bacterial retention and proliferation in contact with the epithelial covering. 4. The mechanisms of host resistance to parasitic plaque are mostly unknown. This resistance is variable and seems to decrease with age. 5. Periodontal disease in children and adolescents is a real problem in preventive medicine, because of its immediate or remote consequences on tooth loss. Thanks to fluoride, the prevention of dental caries is quite effective; the prevention of periodontal disease is on the contrary much more difficult. Mechanical removal of plaque is tedious and must be done again and again; however, it is not logical to separate prevention of caries from that of periodontal disease. Information of the public at large on oral health is of utmost importance, as well as a good cooperation of the teachers in preventive programs for schoolchildren. Every health department or service should try to apply the following measures: -Permanent employments for "school dental nurses" should be created, on a part-time or full-time basis. They should take care of the organisation and supervision of oral health programs. -In each school dental service, a dentist should be responsible for teaching the theoretical and practical aspects of periodontal prevention. -Caries reduction obtained by fluorides is no excuse to reduce the "treatment staff". This staff should be devoted to prevention at large and to refreshing courses. In a young population with regular supervision, prevention of periodontal disease can meet with considerable success. Initial periodontal disease is reversible: it is possible to avoid the degradation of gingivitis in progressive periodontitis, and this helps maintaining dental and periodontal health throughout life. PMID- 1229737 TI - [Prevention and early treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis]. AB - The presence of dental plaque leading to gingivitis is regarded as the most important cause of periodontitis which develops from gingivitis. The destruction of the periodontal tissues may be accelerated by functional disorders of the masticatory apparatus. Chemical prevention and therapy is still in its initial stages with their future being uncertain. On the other hand, prevention and therapy of periodontitis are possible by hygienic measures. The mechanical removal of dental plaque and calculus is the best way of prevention and early treatment. This is shown with the aid of a clinical study. PMID- 1229739 TI - [Behaviour of synovial blood vessels in semi--thin sections in progressive chronic polyarthritis]. AB - The synovial blood vessels of 17 patients with clinically definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied histologically and ultramicroscopically. No differences between seronegative and seropositive RA subjects were found. The abnormalities observed concerned mainly the endothelial cells, which showed changes varying in degree from swelling to fibroblastic transformation. The destruction of endothelial cells seemed to be linked with a positive test for C reactive protein as a consequence of an acute relapse. Areas of cellular infiltration and partial homogenization were found in the tunica media of the vessel wall. There was a striking hyperemia of the capillaries and venules. PMID- 1229738 TI - [Joint scintigraphy using 99mTc pyrophosphate]. AB - Joint scintigraphy was performed in 85 patients suffering from a variety of rheumatic diseases, using a gamma camera and line scanner. Tc-pyrophosphate was the radio nuclide employed; it accumulates selectively in the juxta-articular parts of the bone. The method provides an objective demonstration of inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic joint changes. More over scintigraphic changes can be demonstrated in joint disease which is too early to be clinically apparant or before there are any corresponding changes in serological parameters. The method is useful both in the localisation and staging of disease, in the evaluation of treatment and as an objective control of clinical skills. PMID- 1229740 TI - [Enzyme studies on the pathogenesis of experimental mycoplasma arthritis]. AB - Biochemical studies of rats with mycoplasma arthritis revealed new findings in pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Preliminary examinations showed that mycoplasmas release specific endonucleases and exonucleases. In evaluating the isoenzymes of the lactate dehydrogenases, malate dehydrogenases as well as of the esterases, which provide certain parallels with human rheumatoid arthritis we made several new observations. Thus a mycoplasma infection which resembles rheumatoid arthritis, leads to an inhibition of the DNA repair. We were able to proof this enzymekinetically and autoradiographically. We also observed for the first time the occurrence of DNA antibodies in this type of arthritis. It is possible that there is a relation between inhibition of DNA repair and the occurrence of DNA antibodies. Thus mycoplasma infection seems to influence DNA metabolism. There are interesting parallels concerning DNA antibodies and DNA repair between experimental micoplasma arthritis and human systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1229741 TI - [Significance of ear lobe biopsy in the diagnosis of angiopathies inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. AB - Biopsy of the ear lobule in inflammatory rheumatic and collagen diseases is not a suitable method for detecting vascular involvement. A perivascular cell infiltration van often be found but it non-specific. The intensity of cell infiltration did not correlate with duration, severity or activity of the disease process. PMID- 1229742 TI - Transport time for salicylates from blood to joint fluid-- a test of histopathology of the synovial membrane. AB - Samples of blood and joint fluid, from sixty patients who had taken Bufferin, were examined for salicylates. The earliest appreance of salicylates occurred in blood between 3 and 13 minutes after intake, and in joint fluid between 11 and 36 minutes. The individual time lapse from the first appearance of salicylates in blood to that in joint fluid, designated the transport time, varied presumably with the changes of the synovial membrane caused by diseases; it was small in synovitis following trauma or focal infection and in osteoarthritis of short duration; it was greater in osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis of longer duration, and it showed great variations in immediate traumatic synovitis. Salicylates attained maximum concentration in joint fluid 100 to 155 minutes after intake. Similar factors as above probably accounted for the differences in these time intervals. PMID- 1229743 TI - [Effect of feeding on the composition of foreign-body stones in animal experiments. II. Calcium oxalate and magnesium therapy]. PMID- 1229744 TI - [Indications, technic, and complications of the splitting of the ureteral tectorium]. PMID- 1229745 TI - [Extremely large ureteral stones]. PMID- 1229746 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of urinary stones]. PMID- 1229747 TI - [Procedures for the thin-layer presentation of urinary concrements]. PMID- 1229748 TI - [Immunological problems in pyelonephritis. I. Infectious microorganism]. PMID- 1229749 TI - [Clinical observations on the thin section of a thread concrement]. PMID- 1229750 TI - [Clinical aspects of bilateral kidney pelvis stones]. PMID- 1229751 TI - [Large adrenal cyst]. PMID- 1229752 TI - [2 successfully treated cava injuries]. PMID- 1229753 TI - [Organ conservation in emergency operations on congenitally obstructed kidneys]. PMID- 1229754 TI - [Surgical treatment of priapism using an anastomosis between the great saphenous vein and the end of the corpus cavernosum of the penis]. PMID- 1229755 TI - [Angiomyolipomas of both kidneys with massive spontaneous bleeding]. PMID- 1229757 TI - [Opening of the seminiferous canal in the glans penis]. PMID- 1229756 TI - [Further experiences with the surgical treatment of hypospadias]. PMID- 1229758 TI - [Accessory urethra]. PMID- 1229759 TI - [Bladder neck stenoses and stromal strictures after prostatectomy: differential diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 1229760 TI - [Clinical and radiological masking of malignant kidney tumors]. PMID- 1229761 TI - [Uroflowmetric studies of enuretic patients]. PMID- 1229762 TI - [Clinical and animal experiment studies on the radiological diagnosis of anuric kidneys]. PMID- 1229763 TI - [Excretion urography, radionephrographic, and sequence scintigraphic studies on experimental pyelonephritis in dogs]. PMID- 1229764 TI - [Obstruction of the renal artery in the angiogram]. PMID- 1229765 TI - [Problem of increased bleeding tendency in uremic patients in the postoperative phase]. PMID- 1229766 TI - [Our experience with coagulopathies in urologic practice]. PMID- 1229767 TI - [Gestagen treatment in adenoma of the bladder neck. I. Roentgenological and isotope nephrographic studies]. PMID- 1229768 TI - [Use of ultrafiltrate instead of blood serum for laboratory analyses in chronic dialysis patients]. PMID- 1229769 TI - The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of night migrating birds. I. Autumn experiments with European Warblers (gen. Sylvia). AB - In the autumn migration periods of 1971, 1972, and 1973 the orientation behavior in registration cages of Sylvia communis, S. borin and S. cantillans was analyzed to find out what relative importance the birds assign to information from the stars and from the magnetic field for direction finding. We obtained the following results: 1. Under clear sky in the local earth's magnetic field (Control) the warblers showed directional preferences that corresponded to their expected migratory direction based on ringing recoveries. 2. When magnetic north was turned by 120 degrees to ESE (Test), all three species preferred on clear nights their migratory direction according to the magnetic field, in spite of contradicting information from the stars. 3. In a partly compensated magnetic field, which could not be used for orientation any more, no significant directional preference could be observed, although the stars were visible. Dividing these data into two groups according to whether the birds had been tested in Control or Test previously, we found a tendency for the directions selected here to depend upon the north direction of the magnetic field during the bird's previous tests. From this and from the observation that the concentration of orientation behavior decreases in the absence of stars, we derive the following orientational model: The magnetic field provides the primary directional information for migrating birds. The stars do not contain directional information in themselves, but they can become secondary sources of orientation when information from the magnetic field has been transferred to them previously. The importance of this mechanism lies in making it easier for the birds to maintain their migratory direction. The ecological advantages of such a system are discussed and critically compared to the other models of star orientation. PMID- 1229770 TI - Communication in the tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus barrisii) and a survey of auditory communication in the marsupialia. AB - The female-male interaction system of the Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus barrisii, was analyzed in captivity. A description of visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory signals was prepared based on an encounter series. The vocalizations of the Tasmanian devil were classified and described with respect to their probable function. The vocalizations of other marsupials are compared with those of the Tasmanian devil. Four basic syllable types are defined. Although the auditory signals of marsupials are generally low in intensity and easily overlooked by an investigator, it would appear that they exhibit a complexity equivalent to the calls of many Eutherian mammals. Marsupial vocalizations are not necessarily always produced in specific contexts, but the four basic vocalization types are related to at least four different functions and reflect adaptations for conveying information in several widely differing contexts. The problems of establishing homologies among vocalizations are discussed. PMID- 1229771 TI - [Selection of strays from the group by predators during prey]. AB - Equally sated three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that had a free view of stray individuals and of a swarm of Daphnia magna preferentially preyed upon the strays; the resulting risk to the strays increased with swarm density (a leads to c leads to e in Fig. 1). This applied also to situations with constant swarm numbers but varied density (a leads to b, d leads to e). The results from two experiments with equal swarm density (b/e, c/d) suggest selection to be affected also by swarm number and/or volume. PMID- 1229772 TI - [Behavior of the African chevrotain Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia). Its ecological and phylogenetic significance]. PMID- 1229774 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of sigmavolvulus in the adult]. PMID- 1229773 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of malignant esophageal and cardia stenoses from pathologico-anatomical and clinical point of view]. PMID- 1229775 TI - [Epitheloid sarcoma its importance for the surgical practice]. PMID- 1229776 TI - [Therapy of the gastroduodenal ulcer. I]. PMID- 1229777 TI - [Therapy of gastroduodenal ulcer. II. Our experiences with the bionomic and combined surgical procedure]. PMID- 1229778 TI - [Motoric and bioelectric activity of some parts of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs during hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 1229779 TI - [Experiences with ileus due to cholelithiasis]. PMID- 1229780 TI - [Colonic carcinoma in young patients]. PMID- 1229781 TI - [Complications of the Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1229782 TI - [Drain or not to drain the peritoneal cavity in simple cholecystectomy]. PMID- 1229783 TI - [Ileo-ceco-colic invagination due to cecumlipoma]. PMID- 1229784 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophagitis due to total gastrectomy]. PMID- 1229785 TI - [State of blood coagulation system in families of patients with stroke]. PMID- 1229786 TI - [Experimental materials for pathomorphological and quantitatative characteristics of pneumoconiosis--pathogenic hazard of pumice stone dust of 2 types]. PMID- 1229787 TI - [Changes of placenta in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1229788 TI - [Electrophysiological analysis of the cortical-subcortical relations in conditioned reflex]. PMID- 1229789 TI - [Ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex of albino rats in chronic chloroprene poisoning]. PMID- 1229791 TI - [Adrenal cortex function in thyroid gland insufficiency during immunization]. PMID- 1229792 TI - [Blast transformation and the activity of acid phosphatase of circulating lymphocytes in experimental hypothyroidism]. PMID- 1229793 TI - [Comparative effect of gangliosides, isolated from the human and bovine brain, on cerebravascular circulation]. PMID- 1229790 TI - [Toxicological evaluation of the herbicide mesoranil]. PMID- 1229794 TI - [Tonsillectomy in children with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1229795 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of "mobile cecum" syndrome]. PMID- 1229796 TI - [Anatomy and topography of the cervical segment of vagal trunk]. PMID- 1229797 TI - [Fluorographic diagnosis of metastatic lung neoplasms]. PMID- 1229798 TI - [Study of causes of clinical manifestation of uterine rupture in pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 1229799 TI - The role of thermal energy absorbed in unit time on thermal lesion of the skin. (Preliminary report). AB - The relationship between tissue injury caused by thermal effects and the parameters of heat transmission was studied in animal experiments. The injury caused by identical quantities of heat depends on the duration of the thermal effect. In case of identical periods of exposure the lesion of the tissue is determined by the quantity of radiated heat (intensity of radiation) absorbed by the skin. PMID- 1229800 TI - [Successful conservative treatment of an abscess located in the minor pelvis and perforating the bladder]. AB - A 10 months old, painful retrovesical abscess was cured by conservative means. Instead of the risky operation to eliminate the abscess cavity communicating with the urinary bladder, treatment with Lugol's solution through a catheter was performed. After 15 treatment a full cure was achieved. PMID- 1229801 TI - [Bladder stimulation of patients with spinal injuries]. AB - Electric stimulation of the bladder through eight electrodes was performed in 7 patients suffering from innervation disturbances of various origin. In one case the device had to be removed because of endocarditis and sepsis after 8 months. In 6 cases the result was satisfactory as the patients were capable of emptying their bladder without catheterization. By abolishing vesico-ureteral reflux, recurrent pyelonephritis is eliminated, consequently life expectancy greatly improves. The method is believed to be suitable mainly in cases of peripheral bladder paralysis. In cases of central paralysis, the fibrosis of the bladder neck calls for additional interventions such as transurethral resection. PMID- 1229802 TI - [Damage and regeneration of the skeletal muscles in the presence of foreign bodies]. AB - Studies of experimental muscle regeneration revealed that certain constituents of talc are actively damaging the regeneration of muscle tissue and produce characteristic reaction of the tuberculoid type. Bio-SorbR which contains starch and has been marketed for a similar use affects regeneration only as a foreign body. The elimination of talc from surgical practice and its substitution by some neutral material is recommended. PMID- 1229803 TI - Diabetic retinopathy, duration of diabetes and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. AB - The present study, concerning 145 insulin-dependent diabetics showed positive relationships between the severity of retinal disease on the one hand, and body weight, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol level on the other. These relationships remain significant when the duration of the clinical diabetes and the age of the patient are taken into account. Two interpretations are suggested. They are not incompatible. In diabetic subjects, either the increase in blood pressure and serum cholesterol level causes an aggravation of diabetic retinopathy or there exists a common factor at the origin of retinal lesions and of an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease through atherosclerosis. PMID- 1229804 TI - Influence of anesthesia on the rate of insulin biosynthesis. AB - Rates of insulin and total pancreatic protein biosynthesis were investigated by means of 1-14C-glycine under thiopental-induced deep anesthesia and thalamonal induced neuroleptanalgesia. Blood levels of insulin and 11-OCS were also investigated. It was shown that both anesthetics - thalamonal and thiopental - inhibited rates of insulin synthesis and decrease its secretion. Only thiopental reduced the 11-OCS blood level. Changes of rate of insulin synthesis were observed on the background of inhibition of biosynthesis of total pancreatic proteins. But despite the absence of specific changes in the rate of insulin biosynthesis as compared to total pancreatic protein synthesis under both types of anesthesia, deep thiopental-induced anesthesia resulted in more severe changes in the biosynthesis of hormone and total proteins neuroleptanalgesia, since the latter induced only slight inhibition of rate of its synthesis. PMID- 1229805 TI - Effect of propranolol on some adrenaline- and insulin-induced metabolic changes in man. AB - The effect of propranolol on adrenaline- and insulin-induced changes in blood glucose pyruvate, lactate, phosphorus and potassium were examined in 29 apparently healthy volunteers. A slight, but significant reduction in adrenaline induced hyperglycaemia was noted, along with suppression of both the increase in pyruvate and lactate and the decrease in phosphorus and potassium attributable to this catecholamine. There was no significant change in the blood glucose curve after insulin whereas insulin-induced increases in pyruvate and lactate were reduced by 44% +/- 17.7 (mean +/- SEM) and 78% +/- 5.4 respectively, and the fall in phosphorus by 48% +/- 3.1; the decrease in potassium, however, was not significantly modified. These findings suggest that changes in plasma pyruvate, lactate and inorganic phosphates induced by insulin, and regarded as espressions of its peripheral metabolism, are greatly dependent on the beta-adrenergic effect of the endogenous catecholamines released during the time when blood glucose values are low. PMID- 1229806 TI - A correlative study on the occurrence of retinopathy and nephropathy in sucrose fed diabetic rats. AB - The correlation of the occurrence of renal and retinal microangiopathy was studied in 139 genetically selected sucrose-fed diabetic rats. It was found that in 13% of the animals both retinal and renal lesions developed; in 20% only diabetic retinopathy and in 10% diffuse glomerulosclerosis alone was observed. PMID- 1229807 TI - Serum insulin, insulin antibodies and insulin requirement in the first period of insulin treatment in non-insulin resistant diabetics. AB - Twelve insulin-sensitive diabetics were studied for 200 days after the initiation of mixed beef-pork NPH insulin. Normalization of the fasting blood glucose was not accompanied by any elevation in the pre-treatment fasting immunoreactive insulin level. Insulin antibodies appeared in 2 patients on the second week of insulin treatment, in 6 others within 87 days. In 4 patients no antibodies were found 200 days after the start of insulin. The appearance of antibodies was accompanied in two patients by a decrease in insulin requirement, in others there was no change. When antibodies were present, the total maximum insulin binding capacity was 4 to 12 U/l, but the total insulin constituted only 3 to 36% of the binding capacity. Insulin wastage caused by the destruction of the immune complexes was calculated to be 0.35 to 5.6 U/die only, and this explains the negligible effect of insulin antibodies on insulin requirement in non-resistant patients. PMID- 1229808 TI - Decrease in whole blood viscosity in alloxan diabetic rabbits. AB - Whole blood and plasma viscosity of normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits were measured by means of cone in cone viscosimeters at different shear rates. Blood behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid, i.e. the viscosity is shear rate-dependent whereas plasma viscosity remains constant over the shear rate range employed, i.e. behaves like a Newtonian fluid. Blood viscosity was found to be statistically significantly decreased in the alloxan diabetic group in comparison to the control group. The decrease is attributed to a slight decrease in mean hematocrit and mean plasma viscosity of the diabetic animals. The possible mechanisms of these changes are discussed. PMID- 1229810 TI - [Gastric secretion and basal gastrinaemia in cirrhotic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1229811 TI - [A comparison between the effets of caerulein and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin on the electric and manometric activities of the human stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 1229809 TI - The small intestine in diabetes mellitus. Correlation of clinical phenomena to histomorphometric findings in peroral biopsy material. AB - Biopsy material obtained from the first portion of the jejunum of 56 unselected diabetics and 21 normal controls was examined under the electron microscope (in 8 cases) or with a method of stereologic morphometry. Controls were found to have a villous volume (VVi) of 50.19 +/- 10.1%. All values below 40% were interpreted as an expression of deterioration of the mucous membrane. Altogether 12.5% of the diabetics showed total atrophy, and 20% had significant reduction of VVi. These changes did not correlate with intestinal disorders or other signs of diabetes. In total atrophy histochemical changes could be demonstrated. Microangiopathy was not observed in the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 1229812 TI - Truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for gastric and duodenal ulcer. Ten years' experience. PMID- 1229813 TI - [The pathology of the infundibulum of the sphincter of Oddi (author's transl)]. PMID- 1229814 TI - [Tuberculous ulcer of the esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1229815 TI - [Physiology of bile secretion]. AB - Canalicular bile secreted by the hepatocyte consists of at least two fractions: one is initiated by active transport of bile acids, the other is due to active transport of inorganic ions. Bilirubin and other organic anions, organic cations, and neutral compounds are secreted into the canalicular bile as well as lecithin and cholesterol. Subsequently the biliary tree, the gallbladder, and the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids have an effect on bile formation. Choleresis induced by drugs may be due to a direct osmotic effect of the compound secreted in bile or to an increase of the bile acid independent fraction of bile flow. Cholestasis frequently is caused by inhibition of the bile acid independent fraction. Studies on micellar solubility of cholesterol have led to new concepts concerning formation of cholesterol gallstones and their dissolution with chenodeoxycholic-acid therapy. PMID- 1229816 TI - [Effects of diet on bile secretion]. AB - The effects of delayed gastric emptying or bran supplement to diet on the lithogenicity of bile were reviewed and their possible role in the prevention of recurrence of cholesterol gallstones after dissolution by chenodeoxycholic acid was discussed. PMID- 1229817 TI - [Apexcardiography in coronary disease]. AB - The value of the apex cardiogram (AKG) for identification of diastolic extrasounds is established. The present study attempts to correlate the so called a-wave index and the systolic portion of the AKG-curve with the results of left heart catheterisation in 15 patients with coronary heart disease (KHK). The position of point U (the lowest point between the first and the second systolic wave) during mechanical systole and the relative height of the second systolic wave do not correlate with LVEDP, dp/dt and the a-wave index. In contrast to a group of 22 healthy persons the a-wave index of the KHK-patients was significantly higher (17.5% vs. 5.7% on average) and the position of point U was significantly earlier (42.5% vs. 62% on average, of the duration of mechanical systole). PMID- 1229819 TI - Avellis' syndrome, its pathology and differential diagnosis. PMID- 1229818 TI - [Attempts at the introduction of a clinico-immunological therapy for malignant tumors]. AB - The basis for an immunoncological therapy was investigated by culture of lymphocytes incubated with autologous tumor-antigen. The methods of isolation and cultivation are adapted to conditions of reinfusion. The effectiveness of tumor aggressive action is demonstrated as transformation to lymphoblasts (indirect action) and tumor-cytolysis (direct action) in mixed lymphocyte-tumorcell culture. PMID- 1229820 TI - [Location and somatotopic organization of visceromotor, motor and sensory columns of the cranial nerves]. AB - The author describes the origins and endings of sensory, motor and visceromotor fibers of cranial nerves, special senses excluded. He gives cytological and cytochemical characteristics of neurons and relates experimental and pathological data. References are mostly limited to recent papers. Somatotopic organization is particularly stressed. Description of the somatic sensory or trigeminal column is treated at length by reason of the superposition of two somatotopic organizations: dermatomes and "onion skin". The visceral sensory column includes the caudal part of the nucleus of the solitary fasiciculus. It has a rather diffuse representation of carotid and aortic baro- and chemoceptors and of vagal afferents from the lungs. After a short account of the generally well known somatic motor columns, the author discusses the problem of the visceromotor columns where the representation of the viscera and sometimes even the localization of motor neurons are doubtful. PMID- 1229821 TI - [Apparent origin of the cranial nerves with the exception of the sensory nerves. Topography of their extracerebral course: Endo- and exocranial]. PMID- 1229822 TI - [The autonomic contingent of the cranial nerves. Systemization. Physiology. Clinical exploration]. PMID- 1229823 TI - [Electric examination and operative indications for facial paralysis]. PMID- 1229824 TI - [Surgical and medical treatment of facial pain, methods of application]. PMID- 1229825 TI - [Topical and differential diagnosis of facial paralysis. Study based on 1000 cases]. AB - The functional and clinical investigation of peripheral facial paralysis is discussed by the authors in brief. On ground of the scheme of Sturm the relativity of topographical diagnosis is demonstrated. According to their frequency in a statistic of 1009 cases the different causes of facial palsy are discussed as well as the problems involved in differential diagnosis. PMID- 1229826 TI - [Evolution of surgical and medical treatment of facial paralysis. Current trends in their application]. PMID- 1229827 TI - Morphological characteristics of neonatal obstructive jaundice. AB - In cases of neonatal obstructive jaundice, liver biopsy material has been studied electronmicroscopically. In bile duct atresia, morphologic changes are extensive and they develop early. The severity of destruction is related to the quantity of accumulated bile deposits. Hypoxia due to the disturbance of microcirculation plays an important part in the damage. In cases of inspissated bile syndrome, the changes are less severe and they prove reversible. PMID- 1229828 TI - Penicillin clearance in diabetic children. AB - The clearance of crystalline penicillin G was found to be significantly higher in children in the early period of diabetes than in age-matched healthy controls. The therapeutic importance of the finding is emphasized. PMID- 1229829 TI - The predictive value of glucose utilization rate in neonatal hypoglycaemia of small-for-gestational-age infants. AB - The glucose utilization constant K was determined in 50 small-for-gestational-age neonates. In 11 cases the K value was higher than 2.0, and 5 out of these babies developed asymptomatic hypoglycaemia. In 39 infants the K value was under 2.0, and except in one false negative instance, no hypoglycaemia was observed. The results suggest that early determination of the glucose disappearance rate is useful in predicting the probability of hypoglycaemia. PMID- 1229830 TI - [The plasma concentration of unconjugated 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in newborn infants of diabetic mothers during the first days of life]. PMID- 1229831 TI - [The first cry of the newborn following vaginal delivery or cesarean section]. PMID- 1229832 TI - [Epidemiology of juvenile tumors]. PMID- 1229833 TI - Metabolic changes in newborn infants following surgical operations. I. Blood levels of glucose, plasma free fatty acids, alpha-amino nitrogen, plasma amino acid ratio and urea nitrogen. AB - In 29 newborn infants subjected to surgery for congenital anomalies, the blood glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), amino acid, alpha-amino nitrogen and blood urea levels were observed from the first to the seventh postoperative days. The blood glucose level showed moderate changes in the postoperative period, while FFA decreased significantly. The combined concentration of non-essential amino acids (glycine + glutamine + serine + taurine) and that of essential amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine + methionine), their quotient (Whitehead's ratio), as well as the alpha-amino nitrogen level indicated dynamic changes in the postoperative period. The gradual return of blood urea to the preoperative level is explained by the diminished breakdown and the improved excretory function of the kidney following surgical procedures. PMID- 1229834 TI - Metabolic changes in newborn infants following surgical operations. II. Acid-base status of whole blood and erythrocytes, blood lactate and electrolytes. AB - In 29 newborn infants subjected to surgery for congenital anomalies, the extracellular and intracellular acid-base status, and the sodium, potassium and plasma lactate levels were observed from the second to the seventh postoperative days. During anaesthesia and surgery metabolic acidosis developed but improved spontaneously by the end of the first postoperative day. The metabolic acidosis gradually developing during the postoperative phase was due probably to hypoalimentation. The plasma lactate level decreased on the first days, then increased slightly; the level showed no statistically significant correlation with the acid-base equilibrium. In the postoperative period the sodium level decreased gradually in the plasma while in the erythrocytes it was relatively constant. The diminished plasma sodium/potasium ratio was mainly a result of the decreased plasma sodium concentration. PMID- 1229835 TI - [Infant atrophy]. PMID- 1229836 TI - Secular trend in birth length and birth weight of newborns in Hungary, 1920-1972. PMID- 1229837 TI - Morphological and histochemical changes of ultimobranchial follicles of the rat thyroid in the course of postnatal life. AB - Morphological and histochemical changes of ultimobranchial follicles of thyroid have been investigated in rats from newborn to 18 months of age. The first well delimited ultimobranchial follicles, though with no lumen, were detected in the thyroid gland of 10-day-old rats. At 30 days of age, follicles possessing regular lumina were present in the thyroid. With age, the follicles gradually increased in volume assuming extreme dimensions in adult age. The follicles displayed varying shapes from simple cysts to bizarre forms. From the age of 50 days the cells of the follicular wall are separated from the cell debris contained in the lumen. The latter gave a PAS positive reaction. The cells of the ultimobranchial follicles did not exhibit argyrophilia and metachromasia showing that they differ considerably from the C-cells likewise of ultimobranchial origin, which are known to give marked argyrophilic and metachromatic reactions. PMID- 1229838 TI - The arterial and venous blood supply of the septum pellucidum in the rat. AB - The arterial and venous systems of the rat's septum pellucidum has been studied by means of the perfusion technique. The arteries may be classified into three groups. The branches of each of the three groups originate from the a. hemispherica and enter the septum from the frontal direction. The veins may be divided into an anterior and a posterior group. The anterior veins flow through the v. subcallosa into the sinus cavernosus, the posterior veins into v. cerebri magna. The arterial and venous blood supply of the individual nuclei of the septum are compar independent. PMID- 1229839 TI - A comparative characteristic of effector innervation of cerebral arteries in mammals and humans. AB - The neural fibres of cerebral arteries in humans, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, swine, cows and horses have been studied using the methods of Flack Hillarp and Koelle. The large arteries of the carotid and vertebral systems bear dense cholinergic and adrenergic plexuses formed by transversal and longitudial neural fibres, which are located in the superficial and deep adventitial layers. The highest density of cholinergic and adrenergic fibres was observed on the arteries of humans and large mammals. Depending on the density of cholinergic and adrenergic fibres in the said arteries, the animals may be listed in the following order: rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, swine, cows and horses. Basic differences in the structure of neural plexuses of humans and animals were not observed. PMID- 1229840 TI - Effect on the heart muscle of experimental carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - The electron microscopic technique failed to reveal ultrastructural alterations specific for carbon monoxide poisoning. In this contract, the specificity of the lead salt detection method of calcium determination is discussed. PMID- 1229841 TI - [Neuroradiological study in the diagnosis of cerebellar atrophies]. PMID- 1229842 TI - [Meningeal carcinomatosis secondary to a primary pancreatic tumor. Anatoma clinical study]. PMID- 1229843 TI - [Electroencephalographic and neurologic findings in small for date newborn infants and their development with age]. PMID- 1229844 TI - [Relationship between contingent negative variation and mental retardation. Study in patients with brain diseases]. PMID- 1229845 TI - [Mental disturbances in multiple sclerosis. Pathogentic mechanisms]. PMID- 1229846 TI - [Polyneuropathy due to industrial glues: clinical course and electromyography]. PMID- 1229847 TI - [Unusual case of association of ichthyosis with photogenic epilepsy]. PMID- 1229848 TI - [Case of encephalopathy with cerebral arteritis following influenza]. PMID- 1229849 TI - [Changes in serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic schizophrenia: statistical evaluation]. PMID- 1229850 TI - [Impairment of visual perception, in the Rorshchach test, in normal subjects with monocular vision and in patients with ophthalmoparesis]. PMID- 1229851 TI - [Clinical and metabolic study of 3 cases of homocystinuria]. PMID- 1229852 TI - [Acute cortical epileptogenic foci and prevention with taurine]. PMID- 1229853 TI - [Cerebral angiography in meningeal and cerebral inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 1229854 TI - [Pelvic-development disorders as the causes of deformities of the locomotor system, and their treatment]. PMID- 1229855 TI - [Ergospirometric studies in healthy school children]. PMID- 1229856 TI - [Differential phenomena of body height and body weight in our present school population]. PMID- 1229857 TI - [Suggestion for the correction of leg length measurements in anthropometric length studies]. PMID- 1229858 TI - [Comparison of clinical and psychodiagnostic test results in questionably educable children]. PMID- 1229859 TI - [Comments on "Beginning of effective sex relationships"]. PMID- 1229860 TI - [Accelaration and accident occurence in preschool children]. PMID- 1229861 TI - [Experience with a new form of obesity management in juvenile health care]. PMID- 1229863 TI - [Thoughts on the schedule of school-health examinations]. PMID- 1229862 TI - [7th International Symposium on School and University Hygiene]. PMID- 1229864 TI - [Screening examinations in Hamburg]. PMID- 1229865 TI - [Evaluation of the blood-circulation regulation based on regional blood distribution in children and juveniles]. PMID- 1229866 TI - [Capillaroscopy as an additional aid for the early recognition of health endangered children and juveniles]. PMID- 1229867 TI - [Epidemiology and ambulatory care of chronic and recurring bronchitis in school children]. PMID- 1229868 TI - [Role of the juvenile polyclinic in the detection and management of school children with chronic diseases]. PMID- 1229869 TI - [Urine analysis (screening) in 3,881 lower-, middle- and upper-grade pupils]. PMID- 1229870 TI - [Physiological changes as a result of school stress in healthy and neurotic children]. PMID- 1229872 TI - [Proceedings: Electroencephalographic studies in school beginners]. PMID- 1229871 TI - [Early recognition of the child with behavior disorders]. PMID- 1229873 TI - [Psychological and clinical analysis of selected personal characteristics in 12 year-old truants]. PMID- 1229874 TI - [Neurotic tendencies and individual emotional equilibrium in children and their mothers]. PMID- 1229875 TI - [Necessity of an individual formation of the pedagogical process]. PMID- 1229876 TI - Proliferation kinetic model and its application for mutagenesis and proliferation of asynchronous cell populations in vivo. PMID- 1229877 TI - A trial with early biological detection of ionizing radiation based on estimates of changes in the number of hypersegmented neutrophils in peripheral blood. PMID- 1229878 TI - Long-term results of surgical corrections of prognathism. PMID- 1229879 TI - Morphology of the lungs of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1229880 TI - The metabolic reflection of acute parenteral administration of various sugars. I. Healthy subjects. PMID- 1229882 TI - The more significant characteristics of the test of histological preparations. PMID- 1229881 TI - Hydrophilic gel contact lenses as a new drug delivery system in ophthalmology and as therapeutic bandage lenses. PMID- 1229883 TI - Childhood thyroid cancer. PMID- 1229884 TI - Respirator compensation of a portable air monitor. AB - A respirator-compensated, portable air-monitor has been devised by modifying a commercially available personal air sampling pump. A switching circuit box, integrated into the sampling pump electrical system and activated by a micro switch mounted within the respirator mask, turns the pump off and a timer on whenever the respirator is worn. Thus, valid measurements of an individual worker's environmental exposures can be made even though that worker uses a respirator at his own discretion. PMID- 1229885 TI - Industrial hygiene manpower. AB - On the basis of this study, limited in time and coverage, the following conclusions are reached: (1) Education and training of industrial hygienists are not being carried out at a rate needed to meet current and forseeable manpower needs or demands. (2) Educational institutions that have had established degree programs in the past have suffered regression in their capabilities. (3) Most of the discernible growth in educational programs has occurred in community colleges and universities that have made the transition from 'Normal' schools. They usually do not have professional schools on the campus. (4) Safety education is heavily predominant in academic offerings over those in industrial hygiene. (5) Professionals in indutrial hygiene as identified by membership in the AIHA or the Academy represent a very small proportion of those doing the teaching. (6) Financial support for those institutions offering industrial hygiene courses is meager, from whatever source. (7) There is little prospect for improved federal funding to assist in degree programs, from Associate to Doctorate. (8) Educational institutions might be more amenable to doing more industrial hygiene training at every level if they could be provided with some good data on the demand versus need for their graduates. PMID- 1229886 TI - Calibration of the Anderson 2000 disposable air sampler. AB - The Anderson Disposable Sampler is an efficient instrument for collecting airborne particles in the size range 0.8 to 10.5 microns. When used for microbiological aerosols, we would expect almost 100% of the particles in this size range to be collected. These particle sizes are of special significance for anyone interested in respiratory and other infections in hospitalized patients. The 50% effective cut-off diameter of stage 1 of this sampler is 8.0 microns for spherical particles. This instrument is simple to operate, uses standard size Petri dishes, has a high collection efficiency, and does not require a flow regulator. It should find wide use in hospitals, clean room technology, and industrial applications where microbial air quality is significant. PMID- 1229887 TI - Acute and subacute inhalation toxicities of phosphine, phenylphosphine and triphenylphosphine. AB - The four-hour LC50 values for ChR-CD male rats for phosphine, phenylphosphine and triphenylphosphine have been determined to be 0.44 micromoles per liter (muM/liter), 1.56 muM/liter and 47.8 muM/liter respectively. The dose-death curves are parallel. During exposure, all three caused clinical signs indicative of mild respiratory irritation. Triphenylphosphine also caused severe weight loss immediately after exposure, followed by normal rate of weight gain. No histopathologic effects due to exposure were seen in any of the tissues examined after single exposures to any of the three compounds. Phosphine and triphenylphosphine caused mild weight loss during a 10-day exposure period followed by normal rate of weight gain during a 14-day recovery period. The phenylphosphine exposures caused a decreased rate of weight gain during the exposure period which returned to normal during the recovery period. Silver nitrate paper was found to be unsuitable for field analysis of phenylphosphine. PMID- 1229888 TI - Physical parameters of airborne asbestos fibres in various work environments preliminary findings. AB - The results of a pilot investigation to describe the physical parameters, length, aspect ratio, mass and shape of airborne fibres in a variety of industries producing processing and handling chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite are described. Samples of airborne dust were collected on nucleopore membrane filters and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The diameters and lengths of airborne fibres collected during the dumping of raw amosite at an asbestos products plant were greater than those of fibres collected during the application of amosite insulation. Chrysotile fibres collected in the carding area of an asbestos textile plant also tended to have smaller diameters than fibres collected in the dryer and bagging areas of an asbestos mill. The measurements of fibre dimensions indicate that the degree of protection afforded a worker by optical counts using the membrane filter technique is likely to depend on variety of asbestos and stage of processing. Preliminary results are not in conflict with experimental data suggesting that asbestosis might be related to the mass of airborne dust and primary malignant mesothelial tumors to exposure to fibres in a specific range of fibre diameter and length. PMID- 1229889 TI - Occupational exposure limits for novel work schedules. AB - Work schedules other than 7 to 8 hr/day and 40 hr/week are being introduced in many industrial operations. Novel work schedules, such as four 10-hour workdays per week or three 12-hour workdays per week for three weeks followed by four 12 hour workdays for three weeks and several other plans are presently being used. The Threshold Limit Values (TLV) do not apply to such novel schedules. Modified occupational limits, which are calculable from the methods suggested in this report, estimate the needed reduction in the TLV to provide protection for exposed workers. A simple system is suggested, but should be cautiously applied with good medical surveillance. Industrial hygiene experience with novel work schedules will ultimately provide the real requirements for acceptable exposures under such work conditions. PMID- 1229890 TI - Cotton dust sampling: I. Short termed sampling. AB - A short term sampler for cotton dust is introduced which, when used in conjunction with a correctly designed vertical elutriator, gives equivalent results to the Lumsden-Lynch vertical elutriator. The short termed sampler not only offers results which can be applied to the ACGIH TLV but offers an effective means of environmental surveillance in a byssinosis prevention program with the additional advantages of immediate read-out short termed sampling and truer employee exposure. PMID- 1229891 TI - Evaluation of a continuous instrumental method for determination of isocyanates. AB - The response of a Dunlop/ICI Continuous TDI Monitor was evaluated using the NIOSH modified Marcali spectrophotometric method as the reference analytical procedure. Test atmospheres containing low concentrations of toluene diisocyanate were generated and analyzed in both a dynamic diffusion system and a closed test facility; factory analyses were also made. Agreement of simultaneous measurements in the laboratory and in the field verify that the instrument is a valid alternative to the Marcali method. Results obtained following the NIOSH recommended air sampling procedure indicate that two impingers in series are required to adequately trap airborne toluene diisocyanate. PMID- 1229892 TI - Size distribution of radon daughter particles in uranium mine atmospheres. AB - The size distribution of radon daughters was measured in several uranium mines using four compact diffusion batteries and a round jet cascade impactor. Simultaneously, measurements were made of uncombined fractions of radon daughters, radon concentration, working level and particle concentration. The size distributions found for radon daughters were log normal. The activity median diameters ranged from 0.09 mum to 0.3 mum with a mean value of 0.17 mum. Geometric standard deviations were in the range from 1.3 to 4 with a mean value of 2.7. Uncombined fractions expressed in accordance with the ICRP definition ranged from 0.004 to 0.16 with a mean value of 0.04. The radon daughter sizes in these mines are greater than the sizes assumed by various authors in calculating respiratory tract dose. The disparity may reflect the widening use of diesel powered equipment in large uranium mines. PMID- 1229893 TI - A UV-conductivity method for determination of airborne levels of vinyl chloride. AB - A method has been developed for the measurement of vinyl chloride based on the decomposition of vinyl chloride and the subsequent measurement of the conductivity of these materials in deionized water. Air containing vinyl chloride is sampled through a glass flask containing an ultraviolet lamp. The sample rate for efficient conversion of the vinyl chloride to conductive materials is 2 liters per minute. The wavelength of the ultraviolet light emitted by the six inch lamp is 2537 Angstroms. Ninety-two percent of the ultraviolet light emitted by the lamp is at this wavelength. The sampled air is then drawn through deionized water, the decomposition products are absorbed and the resulting conductivity measured. Vinyl chloride concentrations of less than one-tenth of a part per million can be detected by the method. PMID- 1229894 TI - Comparison of analytical methods for trace quantities of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene. AB - A comparison has been made between a gas chromatographic analysis (GC) method and an automated colorimetric method for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in waste waters. The GC method is more useful in situations which require quantitative information about various isomers of di- and tri-nitrotoluenes. The automated method requires less work per analysis and gives a positive response for all trinitroaromatic compounds, including some degradation compounds. These factors make the automated method desirable for a routine surveillance program while the GC method is better for exact isomer analysis. PMID- 1229895 TI - An acoustical trigger for impact noise studies. AB - In making oscilloscopic studies of impact noise there is often a problem of coordinating the oscilloscope with the noise event. This paper describes a simple noise trigger that has been used successfully in a number of studies. PMID- 1229896 TI - Ergonomics guide for the assessment of human static strength. PMID- 1229897 TI - High purity fibrous air sampling media. AB - Interest in measurement of low concentrations of metal levels in suspended particulate matter has generated needs for high purity, low background filters. Several new types of filters are discussed with high purity compositions including glass fiber filters, fluorocarbon membranes and fabric-supported membrane filters. Air collection efficiencies are presented along with comparative analysis. PMID- 1229898 TI - The performance of piezoelectric crystal sensors used to determine aerosol mass concentrations. AB - Aerosol mass concentration determination using piezoelectric crystal sensors was investigated. Five areas of influence were studied: temperature, humidity, particle collection characteristics, response linearity, and mass sensitivity. A theoretical review is included. Neither air stream temperature nor humidity fluctuations were compensated by the use of a reference crystal. The temperature induced error was satisfactorily reduced by minimizing the inlet temperature change rate. The humidity induced error resulted principally from moisture absorption and desorption by the aerosol deposit. The observed linear response limits ranged from 0.2 to 6 mug/mm2 for various aerosols and instrument designs. No relationship between the linearity limit and the point of complete saturation was apparent. The mass sensitivity was a function of the deposit size and location. Energy trapping theory helped to predict the mass sensitivity distribution. The mass sensing ability decreased for particle sizes beginning at approximately 2 mum diameter, reaching essentially zero at 20 mum. The use of viscous crystal coatings appeared to improve the sensing ability in the 2 to 20 mum size range. PMID- 1229899 TI - Formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde study in funeral homes. AB - Formaldehyde is a toxic gas and classed as an upper respiratory irritant. The gas possesses distinctive physiological properties causing symptoms familiar to many formaldehyde workers, such as: burning of the eyes, lacrimation, and general irritation of the upper respiratory passages. To demonstrate this toxic action of formaldehyde a study was conducted in embalming rooms of funeral homes to determine the concentration and its effect on the embalmers at this level. The control measures in these establishments were also evaluated and found to be inadequate in some respects. Paraformaldehyde powders were sized and found to contain a respirable fraction. The results of the study show that these workers verified the fact that formaldehyde is an irritant at levels that are below the present Threshold Limit Value. PMID- 1229900 TI - Nozzle sampling bias. AB - A mathematical model is proposed to describe the sampling bias in anisokinetic sampling of aerosols. The nozzle sampling bias is described as a function of the particle's free stream inertial parameter, P, and the particle's free stream Reynolds number, Re0, and the suction ratio, w0, of the sampling nozzle. Tables of experimental values for these parameters were developed from Badzioch's experimental data, and the proposed mathematical model was developed via trial and error fitting of the results to many possible mathematical models. PMID- 1229901 TI - Stoddard Solvent (mineral spirits, white spirits). PMID- 1229902 TI - Comparative studies of six nebulizers with Congo Red millipore technique. AB - If the particle size is the important factor to be considered in case of droplet size spectrum then from our results it can be said that Gauchard with 6 1/min. flow and Bird Asmastik with 95 1/min. are producing the particle size classes which can reach most easily the lower respiratory passage. The nebulizers which are producing droplets of a mass median diameter bigger than 10 mu, send only an unpredictable portion of their liquid output into the lower respiratory system. Smaller particles are representing very little weight and carry only small quantities of liquid material unless present in vast majority in the aerosol. To recommend an ideal nebulizer is yet a long way to go but considering the very big quantitative influence of a few big droplets, a small mass median diameter (1-7 mu) is an important factor on the credit of any nebulizer. PMID- 1229903 TI - Editorial: Toxic substances control legislation. PMID- 1229904 TI - Providing professional pharmaceutical service to the diabetic patient. Diabetes and its complications. PMID- 1229906 TI - The pharmacist's role in comprehensive health care delivery. PMID- 1229905 TI - Combined therapy with cholestyramine and warfarin. PMID- 1229907 TI - Controlling the pharmacist. PMID- 1229908 TI - The effect of halothane on active transport of sodium in the epithelial cell. AB - The authors studied the effect of halothane on active transport of sodium in the epithelial cells using the method described by Ussing with frog skin as an experimental model. It was found that the action of the anasthetic agent on the active transport of sodium was biphasic, and this observation confirmed the results obtained with another experimental model. It was observed, moreover, that the mechanism of halothane action on the cell membrane it not identical with that of vasopressin, which was used in some of the present experiments before adding halothane. The present investigations suggest that halothane acts primarily on the cell membrane and not on the deeper situated intracellular structures. PMID- 1229909 TI - Immunoglobulins in persons with long-term exposure to halothane. AB - In 18 persons (anaesthetists and anaesthetic nurses) with a history of long-term exposure to low concentrations of halothane the activity of aminotransferases, GGTP, and alkaline phosphatase, the bilirubin level and thymol turbidity test were determined and no significant abnormalities were found. On the other hand, determinations of immunoglobulons showed changes in the raised IgM level in 15 out of 18 persons, the difference between the normal level and that found in the present studies being statistically significant. The levels of IgA and IgG were within the normal range. Raised IgM level may be due to stimulation of the immune system by halothane. PMID- 1229910 TI - Serum enzyme levels in anaesthetic personnel. AB - The reported studies were carried out on 22 persons, 15 anaesthetists and 7 anaesthetic nurses with a history of long-term exposure to halothane in low concentrations. The activity of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) and aminotransferases, the level of bilirubin and thymol turbidity test were determined. No significant abnormalities were found in the mean values of these determinations. In some cases a rise in alkaline phosphatase activity and in two cases a rise of GGTP were found. The results are not suggesting the presence of hepatocellular damage in this group. PMID- 1229911 TI - Effect of ketamine anaesthesia on enzyme activity in organs of dogs and cats. AB - The experiments were carried out on 15 dogs and 15 cats of both sexes. All animals received ketamine intramuscularly in doses of 10 mg/kg of body weight (dogs) and 25 mg/kg (cats). After the ketamine injection operations were performed following laparotomy and then the animals were killed by exsanguination 90 min after the injection of ketamine. For histoenzymatic examinations fragments of organs were taken (liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs and heart) and histochemical examinations were done for acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and non-specific esterase (NE). It was found that ketamine anaesthesia in dogs and cats causes a slight reversible damage to the liver and kidneys and increases the activity or reticuloendothelial cells in the organism. PMID- 1229912 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - During a period of 5 months 44 patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. In 80% of cases very good results were obtained. Analizing the causes of death the following factors were considered: the duration of exposure to carbon monoxide, the age of patients and the degree of unconsciousness at the time of hospital admission. The patients stayed in a hyperbaric chamber for 90 min. on the average. The mean pressure of 100% oxygen was 2.5 ATA. When lower pressures were applied the time necessary for elimination of the same amount of carbon monoxide from the organism was slightly prolonged, nevertheless, the use of lower pressures is recommended, since it reduced the risk of toxic effects on oxygen. PMID- 1229913 TI - Arrhythmia during mitral commissurotomy. AB - The authors studied in detail arrhythmias recorded during 110 operations of mitral commissurotomy. In all cases supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias developed and their type, as well as frequency, depended on the stage of operation. Life-endangering ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular flutter or fibrillation) were never observed and ventricular tachycardia occurring when the orifice was being dilated always regressed spontaneously when a Dubost dilator was removed. Rapid differential diagnosis of arrhythmias is facilitated greatly by additional ECG recording from oesophageal lead. Indications for pharmacological treatment are discussed. This treatment was used, however, in several cases only. PMID- 1229915 TI - Acute post-traumatic respiratory failure treated with prolonged controlled ventilation and complicated with spontaneously healing tracheo-oesophageal fistula. AB - A case of acute respiratory failure of traumatic origin treated with prolonged controlled ventilation is presented. During treatment a tracheo-oesophageal fistula developed. Early diagnosis and immediate therapeutic management prevented aspiration and further pulmonary complications. The fistula healed spontaneously. Imperfections of the anaesthetic equipment very often cause various tracheal complications. PMID- 1229914 TI - Controlled arterial hypotension during neurosurgical operations. AB - Controlled arterial hypotension was applied in 62 hyperventilated patients during neurosurgical operations. Hypotension was obtained using trimetaphan (19 cases), trimetaphan and halothane (32 cases) and sodium nitroprusside (11 cases). It was found that the action of sodium nitroprusside was the quickest and lasted the shortest, which considerably facilitated the control of hypotension. Halothane permitted hypotension to be obtained rapidly but in certain cases it prolonged the hypotensive action of trimetaphan. PMID- 1229916 TI - [Effect of pibobroman on human plasma cholinesterase activity in vitro]. PMID- 1229917 TI - [A year's experience using intravenous diazepam anesthesia during angiographic examinations]. PMID- 1229918 TI - [Ketamine hydrochloride in obstetrical anesthesia (apropos of 545 personal cases of cesarean section)]. PMID- 1229920 TI - [Transplacental passage of Gamma OH]. PMID- 1229919 TI - [Electronic surveillance of the physical and biochemical parameters of delivery under general anesthesia with Gamma OH]. PMID- 1229921 TI - [A new method of using a respiratory analeptic in general surgery]. PMID- 1229922 TI - [Anesthesia ward in the surgical unit]. PMID- 1229923 TI - [Personnel and materiel requirements of an anesthesia department]. PMID- 1229924 TI - [Pediatric anesthesia-resuscitation departments]. PMID- 1229925 TI - [Emergency medical assistance service]. PMID- 1229926 TI - [Attempts to interpret changes in glycoregulation in dogs under sodium pentobarbital]. PMID- 1229927 TI - [Analgesic phenoperidine anesthesia in 70 cases of heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1229928 TI - [Effect of ketamine on the circulation and metabolism of the brain]. PMID- 1229929 TI - [Use of CT 1341 in anesthesiology. Study of 110 cases]. PMID- 1229930 TI - [Prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis by subcutaneous heparin administered in small doses. Recent findings]. PMID- 1229931 TI - [2 cases of anaphylactic shock occurring at the time of penthiobarbital anesthesia]. PMID- 1229932 TI - [Hemodynamic impact of alfatesine anesthesis in patients with cardiorespiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1229933 TI - [Lumbar plexus block through the inguinal canal (the Winnie 3-in-1 block). Analysis of 45 cases]. PMID- 1229934 TI - [3 cases of anaphylactic shock to celocurine]. PMID- 1229935 TI - [Functions and areas of operation of anesthesiologists. Objectives to be attained]. PMID- 1229936 TI - [Location of anesthesia departments in hospitals. Architectural solutions]. PMID- 1229937 TI - [2 cases of hyperosmotic coma]. PMID- 1229939 TI - [Toward the enrichment of health and medicine vocabulary]. PMID- 1229938 TI - [A fatal accident due to succicurarium chloride]. PMID- 1229940 TI - [Effect of various physico-chemical factors on the specific rotation of glutamic L(+) acid]. PMID- 1229941 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet rays on erythropoiesis in rats]. PMID- 1229942 TI - [Scintillation scanning picture of the liver and gallbladder in patients with cholelithiasis]. PMID- 1229943 TI - [Early results of surgical treatment of peripheral artery diseases]. PMID- 1229944 TI - [Peripheral venous pressure in recent myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1229945 TI - [Clinical norms of selected constitutional indices in Szczecin children]. PMID- 1229946 TI - [Determination of protein selectivity index in nephrotic syndrome by the fractionation method in ion exchange gel DEAE Sephadex A-50]. PMID- 1229948 TI - [Causes of recurrence following surgical removal of renal calculi]. PMID- 1229947 TI - [Effect of neuroleptics on adrenaline and histamine skin reaction in simple schizophrenics]. PMID- 1229949 TI - [Cartilaginous tumors of the jaws. Apropos of 11 cases]. AB - Over a period of 20 years and among a total amount of 585 tumors of the jaws including 61 sarcomas, 4 benign cartilaginous tumours and 11 chondrosarcomas have been observed. Chondromas and osteo-chondromas, exceptional in this site, occured one time in the median and anterior part of the upper jaw and three times in the coronoid process, the condyle and in the area of the symphysis of mandible. Chondrosarcomas of the jaws, observed in relatively young patients, have a tendency to involve the upper jaw and to recur repeatedly. Moreover they are characterized by an increased severity with regard to osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas of same location. PMID- 1229950 TI - [Acrogeria. Clinical, histopathologic and ultrastructural study]. AB - About a recent case of acrogeria a review of the 18 cases of the litterature defines the clinical and evolutive characteristics of this primary atrophy of the skin. The histopathological and ultrastructural study of the pathological dermis with regard to a reference specimen of same age and sex shows fibroblastic and fibrillary alterations. The hyperplastic orceinophilic material is mainly of the "pseudoelastic" type. The collagenous fibers are hypoplastic and often immature. An abundant granulofilamentous substance is visible in the extracellular space and in the fibroblasts proper; it is often intricated with the pseudoelastine and contains immature collagenous fibers. The cytoplasm of the fibroblasts is swollen by ergastoplasmic vacuoles filled with the granulofilamentous substance and contains numerous pseudomyelinic bodies. All these anomalies suggest that acrogeria could be a disease of the fibroblast. PMID- 1229951 TI - [Chronic primary intrahepatic cholestasis. Anatomo-clinical study of 11 cases]. AB - An anatomoclinical study is carried out in 11 cases of apparently primary intrahepatic cholestasis. Two groups have been distinguished: one includes three cases with poorly specific and disparate changes. Contrarely, the other group, including eigh cases, shows quite evocative and stereo-typed histological lesions. These are alwayst epithelial and segmental canalar lesions with characteristic cellular infiltrations of variable occurrence and location. The lesions develop into multilating sclerosis with progressive loss of the florid lesions. This group may be assimilated to the affection commonly known as Hanot and Mac Mahon's disease. Antimitochondria antibodies are very often found in this anatomoclinical entity but their absence does not allow exclusion of the diagnosis. Nevertheless, anatomical, clinical and biological correlation remains indispensable. PMID- 1229952 TI - [Obliterating parietal hemodissection of the intracranial vessels in young patients. Anatomo-pathologic study and review of the literature]. AB - On the occasion of a new case of intraparietal hematoma of the basilar artery in a 22-year-old male the authors connect this lesion with an anatomoclinical entity which may be called "obliterating parietal hemodissection". It occurs in the cerebral vessels (sylvian or basilar artery) free from any alteration type athero sclerosis, syphilis or medianecrosis. The anomaly of the elastic fibers risks to fail to be recognized if it is not systematically serchead for in all cases of apparently primary thrombosis occuring in the cerebral vessels. PMID- 1229953 TI - [Brenner proliferative tumor]. PMID- 1229954 TI - [Neuroblastoma in children. Anatomoclinical study of 46 cases]. AB - The authors stress the difficulty of diagnosis of a neuroblastoma in its undifferentiated when the demonstration of nervous differentiation is necessary. The factors which may play a role in the prognosis of these tumours are analysed. In this series are included the age of the child, the location of the tumour, the existence of certain early metastases (bone), the possibility of complete surgical removal and alterations in the tumour secondary to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histoenzymatic study of histio and organotypic cultures as well as chromosomal analysis were possible in a number of cases. PMID- 1229956 TI - [Experimental autograft of the small intestine in the pig. Histological, histoenzymological and ultrastructural study]. AB - In order to form an opinion of the value of certain precocious rejection tests with a view to ulterior intestinal allograftings, the authors intend first of all to determine the consequences of the operation itself and of the possibility resulting anoxia on the function of the intestinal mucosa. A concomitant biological (xylose test meal, quantitative analysis of the enzymes of the mucosa) and morphological study (lipid test meal, histologic, enzymologic and ultrastructural study of biopsic specimens) was carried out at various intervals after orthotopical intestinal autografting in 22 pigs. Most of the biological tests were strongly perturbated on the 7th day and some of them did not resume their initial value until the 15th day. The morphological and especially ultrastructural studies showed up to that time an important inflammation apparently caused not by the anoxia but by the lymph stasis. Solely conventional histology was only sightly modified (absence of ulcerations and of denudation of the villi) and this relative integrity, contrasting with the known severity of the lesions in case of precocious rejection, allows to consider this examination the only valuable until the 15th day, for the detection of immunologic incompatility reactions in allograftings. PMID- 1229955 TI - [Amyloid neuropathy. Ultrastructural study of 2 new cases]. AB - Two familial and sporadic cases of amyloid neuropathy are reported. Nerve biopsies ultrastructural studies permit to involve endothelial and Schwann cells basement membranes into formation of amyloid. This classical notion was worth being recalled and specified. The purpose of amyloid formation is searched in a toxico-metabolic processus possibly in relation with observed demyelinating mechanism. The Schwann cell is at the cross of the cause and of its effect. PMID- 1229957 TI - [Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia and ergotism]. AB - Renal arteries of a 29-year-old hypertensive woman are described typical of fibro muscular dysplasia. Segmental stenoses of femoral, humeral and carotid arteries are associated. The histological study of one renal artery discloses a sub adventitial fibrosis; besides there are pictures which are very close to those found during chronic intoxication with ergotamine tartrate. Patient history confirms this intoxication. Discontinuation of the ergotamine intoxication and administration of vaso-dilating substances are associated with a dramatic subjective and objective improvement of renal and peripheral arterial signs. The reversibility of the symptoms constitutes a serious clinical proof of the hypothesis of Bercquist and coll. (1971): that a prolonged arterial spasm could represent a promoting factor of arterial fibro-muscular dysplasias. PMID- 1229958 TI - [Malignant eccrine poromas (poro-epitheliomas, porocarcinomas)]. AB - Malignant eccrine poromas set first of all the problem of the diagnosis of intra epidermic cutaneous tumours. The epidermic symbiosis of the neoplastic cells and their natural disposition to keratinization and to differentiation of excretosudoral structures are their main pathological characteristics; they account for their acrosyringeal origin. The multitude of epidermotropic metastatic resurgences by the lymphatic route and their transcutaneous expulsion characterizes the evolution of these tumours. According to the study of the 8 cases published since 1956 and of this personal case the precession of a benign porosyringeal tumour seems probable but has never been proved. PMID- 1229959 TI - [Ultrastructural, histochemical and histological study of bladder pheochromocytoma]. AB - In the rarely occuring vesical location the pheochromocytoma shows the usual features as well from morphological (conventional and ultrastructural) as from histochemical point of view. Biochemical examinations confirm the amount of adrenalin and noradrenalin. In connection with this case the authors discuss the problems related to the histogenesis of vesical pheochromocytomas and consider the linking up of this type of tumors to the APUD system. PMID- 1229960 TI - [Technic for the preparation of bone marrow biopsies. Evaluation of bone marrow cell count]. AB - After having briefly reviewed the different subjective and objective procedures for interpreting Bone Marrow Biopsies from the standpoint of evaluating Bone Marrow Cellularity, the authors propose a method for overall morphological examination, controlled by a rapid evaluation by means of an integrator ocular. This simple, reliable and easily reproducible "semi-subjective" technique seems useful in routine pathological diagnosis, particularly to compare successive Bone Marrow Biopsies from the same patient when treated by antimitotics, or to study the changes of the hematopoietic tissue in the area of medullary metastasis. PMID- 1229961 TI - [Evaluation of 2 years' experience with assisted circulation by diastolic counterpulsation]. AB - The authors report their two years' experience of circulatory assistance by diastolic counter-pulsation with an intra-aortic balloon. This technique was used in 23 patients: 9 cases of cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction, 9 septal ruptures, 1 rupture of the papillary muscle of the mitral valve, 1 acute ventricular aneurysm, 2 high risk coronary arteriographies and 1 case of early post-infarction recurrent ischemia. It confirms the gravity of cardiogenic shock as, in spite of the frequent improvement in hemodynamic parameters under counter pulsation, there was only one survivor. The efficacy is greater in cases of septal rupture, where the author obtained 3 survivors out of 6 operated cases. The security of the method and its innocuity permit one to carry out high risk coronary arteriography and extend the indications for circulatory assistance, to certain cases of unstable angina or early recurrent anginal following acute infarction. PMID- 1229962 TI - [Spinal cord sarcoidosis. Anatomo-clinical case]. PMID- 1229963 TI - [Pheochromocytoma and thyroid cancer with amyloid stroma (Sipple's syndrome)]. PMID- 1229964 TI - [Paraneoplastic encephalopathy disclosing a cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 1229965 TI - [Value of the test meal in the detection of disorders of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 1229966 TI - [Treatment of mycosis fungoides and malignant skin reticuloses]. PMID- 1229967 TI - [Critical study of hemodynamic and cineangiographic criteria in the evaluation of tricuspid lesions]. PMID- 1229968 TI - [Recent progress in total body plethysmography]. PMID- 1229969 TI - [A little known cause of prolonged fever: Still's disease in adults]. PMID- 1229970 TI - [Fate of patients with valve protheses: reoperations]. PMID- 1229971 TI - [Routine laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease. Remarks apropos of 50 personal cases]. AB - The authors report fifty personal cases of routine exploratory laparotomy during Hodgkin's disease, carried out in either first or second intention. They compare the results obtained to those in other series published in the literature. The results emphasize the undoubted change in classification after laparotomy, and consequently, changes in therapeutic attitude, but also raise new problems which leave the question open. PMID- 1229972 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Round calcification as a sign of cervico mediastinal localization of a parathyroid adenoma]. AB - The authors report the case of a man aged 59 years, with primary hyperparathyroidism; removal of a first adenoma, did not lead to recovery. Later, an egg-shell calcification was found together with a second large cervico mediastinal parathyroid adenoma, the removal of which caused all the symptoms to disappear. After a review of other cases in the world literature with calcification of the parathyroid glands, the authors consider, before using more complicated techniques for preoperative localisation of parathyroid adenomas, one should carry out careful radiological examination of the cervical and mediastinal region. Under these conditions, one may detect significant calcifications which have escaped routine examination and may contribute to the topographic diagnosis of the parathyroid lesion sought. PMID- 1229973 TI - [Indications for coronography, excluding emergencies]. PMID- 1229974 TI - [Results and interpretation of coronarographies]. PMID- 1229975 TI - [Selective intracoronary injection of microspheres labeled with radioactive isotopes]. PMID- 1229976 TI - [Bone and osteoarticular tuberculosis in black African immigrants. Apropos of 26 cases]. PMID- 1229977 TI - [A case of hyperthryroidism associated with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 1229978 TI - [Localized antibrachial form of paralysis caused by depletion hypokalemia]. PMID- 1229979 TI - [Hypertrophic nodular muscular sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1229980 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 1229981 TI - [Electron microscope study of bacteria in dental plaques following the application of fluorides (author's transl)]. AB - Gels containing fluorides can have profound effects on dental plaques. These gels contain 2% fluorides in the form of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride and are buffered to pH 6.5 when applied to teeth they: - encourage the disappearance of certain bacteria, - inhibit the division of cells and diminish their storage of glycogen, - cause a thickening of the bacterial cell wall, - lead to modifications of the bacterial cell membrane, - precipitate the degeneration of most forms of bacteria, - cause the rapid mineralisation of many bacteria. These widespread effects, and the wholesale degeneration of microbial forms, are a reflection of a major breakdown in bacterial metabolism, and provide a partial explanation for the role of fluorides in the prevention of dental caries, and are in accord with previous biochemical and microbial observations. PMID- 1229982 TI - Egtved virus induced rainbow trout serum interferon: some physicochemical properties. PMID- 1229983 TI - Non-fatal rabies in dogs and cats. AB - Serological studies were performed in 1,015 dog brains and 144 cat brains collected in a rabies enzootic area. Significant levels of rabies virus neutralizing activity were observed in two dog brains and in one cat brain which had been negative for rabies by immunofluorescence and mouse inoculation tests. These results were compared with those obtained in the group of surviving animals at different times after onset of experimentally induced abortive rabies. The possibility that naturally infected animals recovered from rabies central nervous system infection is suggested. PMID- 1229985 TI - [Intrauterine growth and gestational age in a sample of 9,774 cases]. PMID- 1229984 TI - [Modification of the lysine-iron agar (author's transl)]. AB - The addition of L-phenylalanine to the lysine-iron agar described by Edwards and Fife ]1] allows a more valuable screening of the Proteus group based on its deamination properties. Some minor modifications of the indicator and thiosulfate content lead to improve and earlier recording of the results. PMID- 1229986 TI - [Glycoactive potential of non-catechol sympathomimetic amine with tocolytic action: ritodrine]. PMID- 1229987 TI - [Possibility of the use of high doses of ritodrine (DU 21220) in acute fetal distress during labor]. PMID- 1229988 TI - [Comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods in the study of sterility due to tubal factors]. PMID- 1229989 TI - [Study of the possibility of utilizing spectral methods for the analysis of opaque solutions in producing penicillin]. PMID- 1229990 TI - [Methods of determining admixtures in commercial preparations of tetracycline]. AB - The results and conditions of separation and quantitative determination of the admixtures of epi- and anhydro-derivatives of tetracycline in its market products were compared and analyzed using the following chromatographic methods: chromatography in a thin layer of a sorbent in 2 modifications, circular paper chromatography, chromatography on a column of gel Sephadex G-25. The comparison of the results of the study provided recommendation of the column chromatography with gel Sephadex G-25 for separate or summation quantitative determination of 4 epitetracycline. The method of chromatography in a thin layer of a sorbent may be successfully used for semiquantitative determination of the admixture levels in tetracycline market drugs. PMID- 1229991 TI - [Study of the association of nystatin and amphotericin B in nonaqueous solvent systems]. AB - Association of nystatin and amphotericin B in non-aqueous systems was studied with the method of equilibria dialysis. A specially treated celophane membrane arresting colloid associats and macromolecules with a molecular weight of more than 30000 in the systems of dimethylformamide-ethylacetate was used for the dialysis. Relation between the dialysis rate and the difference of the concentrations at every side of the membrane was used for estimation of the antibiotic colloid association level. It was found that nystatin formed stable associates of the colloid type in the system of dimethylformamide-ethylacetate, close by the composition to the critical one or that providing precipitation of the antibiotic. Unlike nystatin, amphotericin B formed not colloid but larger conglomerates which precipitated. Neither of the antibiotics formed colloid associates in dimethylformamide. The level of the nystatin colloid association increased with a rise in the solution concentration and reached 80%. On the basis of the results obtained the following supposition concerning the mechanism of formation of the antibiotic complexes with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in non aqueous systems is possible: sorption of PVP on the colloids formed or larger associates of the polyenic antibiotics must take place during coprecipitation which is accompanied by formation of a precipitate of the sorption complex. PMID- 1229992 TI - [Rapid method for determining the stability of streptomycin sulfate powders]. AB - A method applicable for beforehand determination of streptomycin sulfate powder stability by the colour of its solutions is described. It is shown that the results of such a determination satisfactorily coincided with the results of indirect determination of the solution colour after prolonged storage of the powders at room temperature. PMID- 1229993 TI - [Determination of levomycetin in the aerosol preparation, "Levovinysol"]. AB - A spectrophotometric method for determination of levomycetin in "Levovinysol", an antiburn aerosol preparation was developed. The determination was performed after levomycetin extraction with a hydrochloric acid solution from the composition. The results of the determination were statistically treated. PMID- 1229994 TI - [In vivo action of valinomycin on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Inhibition of the proliferative activity of the tumor cells under the action of valinomycin]. AB - It was shown that repeated administrations of valinomycin in doses of 1.0 and 0.01 gamma/gm to mice with Ehrlich ascitic tumors inhibited the ascite development. The radioautographic study using 3H-thimidine showed that 24 hours after the administration of valinomycin in doses of 0.1 and 0.01 gamma/gm transference of the cells into the phase of DNA synthesis was inhibited- inhibition of the tumor cell mitotic activity took place. PMID- 1229995 TI - [Comparative study of the relationship between the blood concentration of gentamicin and streptomycin and their muscle-relaxing activity]. AB - A mathematical model of relation between the miorelaxant effect value of aminocyclitol antibiotics and their blood levels is proposed. The kinetics of the reduction of the neuromuscle transmission damaged under the action of the drugs was studied in detail in acute experiments with cats treated with gentamycin or streptomycin administered intravenously. The changes in the effect value in time were satisfactorily described by the logistic function. Parallel determination of the blood levels of the antibiotics in the animals provided construction of an adequate model of their pharmacokinetics. Tabulation of the corresponding biexponential equations and logistic functions for the same time intervals during reduction of the neuromuscle transmission provided necessary information for plotting the "effect: concentration" curves. Comparison of the drug levels at which the effect of inhibition of the neuromuscle transmission was equal to 50% of the maximum one, revealed a statistically reliable difference in the miorelaxant activity of gentamycin and streptomycin. A high miorelaxant activity of gentamycin in comparison to streptomycin was also shown on comparison of the average "effect: concentration" curves plotted on the basis of tabulation of the general equations presenting a combination of the logistic and biexponential equations. PMID- 1229996 TI - [Erythromycin and oleandomycin concentration in the body of angina patients taking the preparations orally]. AB - The antibiotic levels in patients suffering from angina were studied with the agar-diffusion method. The drugs were used orally in single and multiple doses (every 6 hours): erythromycin in doses of 4000 and 6000 gamma/kg and oleandomycin in doses of 4000 and 8000 gamma/kg. When erythromycin was used in a single dose of 4000 gamma/kg, its levels in the objects tested, i.e. the blood serum, saliva, mucus from the tonsil surface and tissue did not reach the concentrations corresponding to the sensitivity levels of the microbes to the antibiotic (0.75 gamma/ml). When the drug was used every 6 hours, the concentration increased. Still, it reached the above level only in the blood and tonsil surface mucus. Only when the antibiotic was used repeatedly in doses of 6000 gamma/kg, its levels in the examined objects reached 0.75 gamma/ml. When oleandomycin was used in single and repeated doses of 4000 gamma/kg, its levels were always lower than those providing sensitivity of beta-hemolytic streptococci to it (1.0 gamma/ml). The antibiotic use in doses of 8000 gamma/kg provided the required level in all the object examined. PMID- 1229997 TI - [Desoxyribonuclease and lecithinase activity in antibiotic-resistant and sensitive staphylococci]. AB - Staphylococcus aureus, a laboratory strain 209-P and strain I isolated freshly from infected wounds, as well as lincomycin hydrochloride, ampicillin, oxacillin and methicillin manufactured in the USSR and cephaloridin manufactured by "PLIVA" in Yugoslavia were used. Various activity levels of desoxyribonuclease and lecitinase of the staphylococci depending on sensitivity or resistance of the test-microbe to the antibiotics were shown. The activity of the above microbial enzymes characterizing the pathogenic properties decreased with development of the antibiotic resistance, sometimes to complete inactivation of the enzymes synthesized by the staphylococci. In spite of closeness of their modes of action the semisynthetic penicillins had a differentiating effect on the above enzymes. PMID- 1229998 TI - [Effect of the prolonged administration of chlortetracycline on the content of free amino acids and low-molecular peptides in the blood serum of rats]. AB - Five individual ninhydrin positive fractions were found in the blood serum of rats in the control group with the help of high voltage electrophoresis in combination with preparative high voltage electrophoresis and paper chromatography. An analogous analysis of the blood serum of the test animals treated with 50 mg/kg of chlortetracycline for 12 days revealed 1 new fraction in the weak basic region. After the use of chlortetracycline for 18 days 2 new fractions in the strong acid region, 1 new fraction at the level of the electrophoretic mobility of asparaginic acid and 2 fractions in the region between neutral and basic amino acids were found. Analysis of the above fractions showed that the blood sera of the control and test rats contained in addition to the free amino acids peptides consisting of 3 to 9 amino acid residues. Some peptides isolated from the sera of the test animals contained amino acids, such as ornithine and citrulline which are not usually contained in proteins. PMID- 1229999 TI - [Change in the plasmocytic reaction of immunized animals during the use of antibiotics]. AB - The effect of tetracycline and tetraolean on the shifts in the plasma-cell elements was studied experimentally on male albino rats of Wister line and rabbits immunized with foreign erythrocytes and typhoid fever vaccine respectively. It was noted that prolonged use of the antibiotics for 10 to 12 days inhibited proliferation of the plasmic cells, the inhibitory effect of tetracycline being more pronounced. At the same time an inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on the antibody formation in the animals was found in the experiments. PMID- 1230000 TI - The effect of vitamin D3 metabolites on membrane proteins of chick duodenal brush borders. PMID- 1230001 TI - Evidence for a functional change in the plasma membrane of yeasts associated with the mechanism of arsenate resistance. PMID- 1230002 TI - Changes in properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane during mitochondrial biogenesis in aging sweet potato tissue slices in relation to the development of cyanide-insensitive respiration. PMID- 1230003 TI - Photosystem II reactions in oxidant-treated chloroplast fragments. PMID- 1230004 TI - Aging human erythrocytes. Differential sensitivity of young and old erythrocytes to hemolysis induced by peroxide in the presence of thyroxine. PMID- 1230005 TI - Glycoprotein biosynthesis in plants. Formation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine by mung bean seedlings. PMID- 1230006 TI - Thermal perturbation difference spectra and D2O vs H2O isothermal difference spectra of protein-model aromatic chromophores. PMID- 1230007 TI - Equilibrium dialysis and circular dichroic analysis of the novobiocin-bovine serum albumin complex. PMID- 1230008 TI - Decarboxylation to tyramine is not a major route of tyrosine metabolism in mammals. PMID- 1230009 TI - Oligosaccharides of human milk. Isolation and characterization of three new disialyfucosyl hexasaccharides. PMID- 1230010 TI - Purification and properties of rabbit reticulocyte elongation factor 1. PMID- 1230011 TI - Biosynthesis of the beta-diketones of barley spike epicuticular wax. PMID- 1230012 TI - The self-association of jack bean urease and its modification by silver ions. PMID- 1230013 TI - Evidence for an active-inactive subunit complex in jack bean urease. PMID- 1230014 TI - Likely individuality of the enzymes catalyzing the phosphorylation of choline and ethanolamine. PMID- 1230015 TI - Multiple forms of ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase from spinach. PMID- 1230017 TI - Analysis of calorimetric data for isodesmic self-associating systems. PMID- 1230016 TI - Studies of the ribosome-associated vitamin B12S adenosylating enzyme of Lactobacillus leichmannii. PMID- 1230018 TI - [Respiratory problems in cardiosurgery. Postoperative respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1230019 TI - [Histopathology of primary bronchogenic carcinoma of the extreme pulmonary open with reference to the so-called Pancoast's syndrome and the importance of pleural substrate]. PMID- 1230020 TI - [Functional evaluation of the open heart in conservative interventions on atrio ventricular valves]. PMID- 1230021 TI - [Surgical treatment of aortic coarctation by means of alloplastic prosthesis (patch grafting) (long term results)]. PMID- 1230022 TI - [Indications for aneurysmectomy in the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 1230023 TI - Hamartomas of the lung (case reports). PMID- 1230024 TI - [Incidence of detachments in heart valve substitutions (considerations in 141 cases)]. PMID- 1230026 TI - Monensin's activity in sodium-potassium transport in the skin of frogs. Membrane potentials. PMID- 1230025 TI - [Aneurysms of the intraventricular septum]. PMID- 1230027 TI - The adrenergic neuron blocking activity of propranolol and alprenolol. PMID- 1230028 TI - [The mechanism of the laxative action of DAN-603 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230029 TI - [Modification of antigonadal action of melatonin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230030 TI - [Uptake and liberation of adenosine-H3 in "taenia coli" and ilium from newborn and grown up guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230031 TI - [Research of organochlorades pesticides as residues in human serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230032 TI - Modifications of the urinary volume and osmoluria caused by low doses of tetracyclines in rats. PMID- 1230033 TI - Influence of preexperimental blood pressure level on hypotensive responses to vasodilator drugs. PMID- 1230034 TI - The cardiovascular effects of naloxone in anesthetized rats. PMID- 1230036 TI - [Research of beta-galactosidase in the leptospira]. AB - The Authors have investigated on the presence of beta-galactoxidase in the serotypes of Leptospires most frequently employed for the diagnosis of the formes epidemiologic occurrent in Italy. With the two employed methodes it was possible to make evident the enzyme in all the serotypes, but not in L. saxkoebing (Mus 24); L. ballum (Castellon 3), L. doberdo (Percedol 3). PMID- 1230035 TI - [Current state of the world's experiences with vaccination against rubella]. AB - In order to avoid the severe consequences that may result from intrauterine infection, the prevention of maternal rubella is of most importance. It should be remarked that the damage induced in the infant by the rubella virus is not confined to the first trimester of pregnancy, but may occur also in the following months, and some lesions, especially the auditive ones, may become worse during the childhood. From an immunological point of view in the present paper it is emphasized the prominent importance of neutralizing antibodies; these should be more broadly assayed in epidemiological investigations and in studies concerning the effects of the different vaccines that are available nowadays. In this connection, the RA 27/3 vaccine (prepared with human diploid cells) appears to be more effective than other vaccines (e.g.: Cendehill and HPV-77) in stimulating the formation of circulating antibodies. Furthermore this vaccine, which may be administrated intranasally, can produce a local resistence due to the presence of specific IgA in the secretions. The following programs have been proposed for the prevention of rubella: a mass-vaccination (as in the United States) and a selective vaccination of female prepubere subjects who appear to be non protected against the infection. The Authors consider the second program as the more advantageous and suggest that the age range should be 10-11 years. It may be interesting to note that a new anti-rubella vaccine has been recently employed in Soviet Union with satisfactory results, while an alive attenuate non-teratogenic vaccine has been prepared in Japan. However, the opinion of the Authors is that further studies are needed in order to obtain a really non-teratogenic vaccine and administrable intranasally; this should be the most effective means against all problems correlated to rubella infection. PMID- 1230037 TI - [General frequency of staphylococci and particularly of the coagulase positive, in the air and by the carriers in the hospital surroundings]. AB - An inquiry was disposed on the frequency of staphylococcus in general and particularly of the haemolitic and coagulase positive, in the air of many rooms of an operatory center. The inquiry was extended not only to the patients but also to the personal of the local self. The high frequency found impose a periodic bacteric control and of an attentive service of prophylactic control. PMID- 1230038 TI - [Cross infection due to Salmonella Thompson in a pediatric clinical department]. AB - The Authors have carried out a programmed bacteriological investigation for the detection of Salmonella in 4 Clinical Departments for Children in the Arcispedale S. Anna of Ferrara. The researches, carried out for 7 months on a total of 2161 samples (mainly rectal swabs) have allowed to detect and study, in one Paediatric Department, a "hospital acquired cross-infection" by S. thompson, spreading in the environment and amongst the sanitary assistance staff. The percentage of positivity ranged, in the 4 Departments, from a minimum of 1,05 to a maximum of 5,56 and confirmed the endemic diffusion of Salmonella in the province of Ferrara. The Authors think it highly advisable to carry out systematic researches amongst the patients and the assistance staff in order to avoid "hospital acquired cross-infections" by Salmonella, and the dangerous condition of "chronic carrier". PMID- 1230039 TI - [Serological response in man to an anticholera vaccine made from killed vibrios and partially purified with aluminium hydroxide]. AB - The immunizing capability of a new anticholera vaccine (choleric anatoxin + vibrios Ogawa and Inaba) was tested on a group of 113 subjects. The vaccination was carried out with two inoculations of the vaccine, administered a month apart. Testings were taken before the vaccination, before the second inoculation and 10 to 14 days after the vaccination was completed. The determination of the vibriocide antibodies was made following the test-tube method described by Verwey and al., and the research of the antitoxic antibodies following Craig's method, using a live rabbit. Eighty two per cent of the subjects vaccinated had antitoxic antibodies with a varying strength of from 10 to greater than 320 A.U. In all those subjects treated who had previously been vaccinated at the time of the cholera epidemic with traditional vaccine, the geometric average of strength in vibriocide antibodies had increased from 2,810 to 14,700. PMID- 1230040 TI - [Microbiological characteristics of coastal waters in the district of Catania]. AB - The Authors examined bacteriological characteristics of the coast waters in the district of Catania. Contrary to initial expectations, the conditions of the coast of Catania, can be regarded more than satisfactory as regards sea-bathing, especially if these data are compared with those noticed from other Authors in different italian seaside resorts. PMID- 1230041 TI - [Incidence of Australia antigen (HBs Ag) in a group of apparently healthy population of the Sassari province]. AB - In 3828 subjects (1489 males and 2339 females) apparently healthy was investigated the presence in the serum of Australia antigen and of corrispondent antibody with electrosyneresis, the activity of the G6PD eritrocytic and the eventual condition of carrier of microcytemic tare. An incidence of HBs Ag of 1.83% (2.75% in males and 1.24% in females) without any statistically important differences in the age groups and habitual residence and also the grade of G6PD eritrocytary activity was detected. A more elevated statistical incidence was observed among the carriers of thalassemic caracter never transfused. The anti HBs Ag antibodes were observed in 0.26% of the examined subjects. PMID- 1230042 TI - [Genetic, biochemical, pathogenetic and laboratory aspects of thalassemia. Heterozygote thalassemia in Alghero]. AB - After reviewing the most recent genetic, biochemic, pathogenetic and laboratory aspects of thalassemia, the Authors refer to a statistical survey of the population of Alghero regarding the thalassemia heterozygote. In order to arrive at the "microcytosis" condition, a study of the average corpuscle volume is recommended as a screening standard. For this purpose, and for technical and economical reasons, automatic continuous flows apparatus are most suitable such as the Technicon SMA 7/A. After emphasizing the difficulty that the laboratory often encounters in diagnosing a heterozygote condition, the Authors report a thalassemic taint of 7.18% in Alghero, with a prevalence of the beta-thalassemia so called 1st type. They refer to the not rare occurrence of anaemia, in association with sideropenia and thalassemia and confirms the possible disappearance of the erythrocytary thalassemia characteristics when, together with the thalassemia there is a deficiency of G-6-PDH. The study carried out by the Authors does not reveal any proven case of alpha-thalassemia, thus confirming what other research workers have established on the rarity of this thalassemia variant in our zone, but not excluding that this apparent rarity could be attributed to an inadequacy in the present means of research. PMID- 1230043 TI - [Treatment of cholera in the adult. Studies during recent epidemics in Apulia]. AB - A rapid and adequate intravenous infusions of saline and alkali in correcting hypovolemic shock, alectrolyte abnormalities, acidosis and renal failure, is the choice treatment in the majority of acute cholera patients. On the basis of the knowledge of chemical composition of the gastrointestinal fluids loss and the definition of exact mechanism of metabolic features observed in acute cholera patients, it has been possible, in the last ten years, to develop and utilize in a large numbers of patients, a more exact and adequate treatment consisting of replacement of water and electrolytes depletion with saline and alkali of the same ionic composition of fluids lost through the gastrointestinal tract. The isotonic saline and isotonic sodium lactare regimen in a 2:1 ratio has been employed in the treatment of our adult acute cholera patients. Hypotensive patients received a rapid fluids infusion of 2-4 liters within the first 4-6 hours immediately after admission. Later on the quantity of intravenous fluids replacement was regulated on the basis of blood electrolytes pattern, blood pressure, diuresis and patient's hydratation. With this regimen of treatment we observed electrolytes and acid-basic abnormalities in only 25% of our patients. The peritoneal dialysis was applied in three of these patients with irreversible renal failure. Antibiotic therapy, that assume a secondary role in the treatment of cholera patients, was carried out in each case: in 19 cases were given 1 gram every 12 hours i.m. of chloramphenicol succinate; 14 cases received mg 500 of tetracycline orally every six hours; 34 cases received two tablets of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole every 12 hours (mg 240 of TM and g 1,6 of SMZ total dose). Except one case of TM-SMZ group who had stool culture positive for Vibrio on 4th day of therapy, in each other patients the stool cultures were sterilized in a period of 24-72 hours of antibiotic treatment. PMID- 1230044 TI - [Renal complications of Asiatic cholera]. AB - Seventy cases of cholera were admitted to Hospital during 1973 cholera epidemic; 49 showed the symptoms of renal failure, 19 of whom with anuria. Acute renal failure is caused from hypertonic or isotonic dehydration, metabolic acidosis and potassium depletion. Clinically the pattern of a tubulo-interstitial nephritis can be found; a short oliguric or anuric phase followed by a poliuric phase lasting about 10 days. The glomerular function usually cames back to normal in 20 days time. As for the therapy, 16 of the above mentioned 19 anuric patients received a conservative treatment only; 3 patients with preexisting chronic nephropathy required peritoneal dialysis. Only one patient died and one patient with lupic nephropathy was put on chronic haemodialysis treatment. Concluding: 17 patients out of 19 completely recovered their renal function. PMID- 1230045 TI - [Importance of atmospheric conditions in the 1973 cholera epidemic in Apulia]. AB - Authors briefly refer on metereologic situation during epidemic of cholera in Bari (Italy), in the summer of 1973 and discuss the possible influences upon the spread of infection. They emphasize the climatic analogies during other epidemics in Puglia and quote observations about meteo influences on outbreaks in Asiatic areas. PMID- 1230046 TI - [Studies on the bacteriological diagnosis of cholera and on the characteristics of isolated strains in the Apulia epidemic during the summer of 1973]. AB - Descriptions are given of the characteristics of 107 strains of Vibrio cholerae of the serum type Ogawa isolated during the epidemic in 1973, which, although not exhibiting hemolysis in liquid culture, could be assigned because of their other characteristics to the El Tor biotype and to the phagic type 1. The Authors also make a number of technical annotations on the bacteriological diagnosis of cholera. PMID- 1230047 TI - [Preliminary studies on anti-Brucella agglutinins and on immunoglobulins in subjects affected by cholera during the 1973 epidemic in the province of Bari]. AB - The behaviour of brucella agglutinins in sera from 70 cholera patients has been investigated. Agglutinins for brucella, at titers of 1/40 or higher, occurred in 45 patients (64,2%); it has also been showed an antibody rise in 41 subjects with a peak titer during the second week, just like cholera agglutinins. This fact confirms the antigenic interrelationship between Vibrio cholerae and brucella group. The serum immunoglobulins, during the course of infection, have been determined. Mean levels of IgM were elevated during the second week of the disease, whereas the IgG increased during the third week, as occured in primary antibody responses. Levels of IgA in serum rose significantly during the first week of the cholera; the relations of serum IgA with S-IgA of intestinal mucosa might to explain the rapid increase of IgA in the serum. PMID- 1230048 TI - [Studies on the spread of Vibrio cholerae, biotype El Tor in the environment during the period following the 1973 epidemic in Apulia]. AB - In the period following the cholera epidemic, studies were made of sewage, seawater and various foodstuffs (green vegetables, mussels, etc.) in an attempt to isolate Vibrio cholerae of the El Tor biotype. Only in the samples of sewage taken at Bari and Taranto was it possible to isolate Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor for a period of about a month after the last case of the illness; in this period it was isolated in 5 of the 11 samples taken at Bari and in 1 of the 14 taken at Taranto. The positive tests involved all zones of the city, leading to the conclusion that the bearers had spread throughout the whole population. The cholera-bearing vibrio was not isolated in any of the other materials, and this leads one to believe that the preventive measures taken immediately were sufficient to avoid foodstuffs being contaminated. PMID- 1230049 TI - [Studies on the efficacy of cholera vaccination in a population sample of Bari]. AB - To measure the efficacy of cholera vaccination during the epidemic of cholera occurred in August-September 1973 in Bari, agglutinating and vibriocidal antibody titers were determined in 151 subjects; of these, 65 were children between 6 months and 4 years of age and 86 adults past thirty years. Antibodies could be proved in 80% of the subjects, with relatively higher frequency in children (84,6%) than in adults (76,7%). No significant difference was seen against the serotypes Inaba and Ogawa. The vibriocidal antibody tests was uniformly more sensitive than the agglutination test. In 108 of these subjects (all of 65 children and 43 of the adults), it was possible to make the serological controls 3 and 6 months after vaccination. At 3 months, antibodies were determined in 50,7% of the children and in 44,2% of the adults; at 6 months, only 20% of the children and 18,6% of the adults showed agglutinating and vibriocidal antibodies. For the control, the research of V. cholerae-antibodies was maked also in sera of 300 healties subjects of all ages, by whom the bleedings were obtained prior to epidemic of cholera. Antibodies against the serotypes Inaba and Ogawa were determined in 23 subjects (7,6%); of these, 5 had vibriocidal titers of 1:2560 1:5120. PMID- 1230050 TI - [International systems of cholera control]. PMID- 1230051 TI - [Epidemiological study on the incidence of viral hepatitis in the Province of Siena]. AB - The AA. carried out an epidemiological survey on 1,420 cases with viral hepatitis ascertained in the Province of Siena during the period January 1, 1962-December 31,1972. Age, sex, profession, place of origin, annual and seasonal prevalence, therapeutic measures, geographic and social-economic features of several districts, and other characteristics of the affected people were examined. The results obtained were discussed keeping in mind the various parameters examined. PMID- 1230052 TI - Isolation of mycobacteriophages from surface water. PMID- 1230053 TI - [Lysotyping of the tuberculous bacilli in some countries of the tropical Africa and Guadeloupe. Comparison with France. Relationships with the classification of Mycobacterium africanum]. PMID- 1230054 TI - Phage typing of "Mycobacterium kansasii", an important aid in studying its epidemiology. PMID- 1230055 TI - The occurrence and detection of lysogeny in the genus Mycobacterium. PMID- 1230056 TI - Transfection of "Mycobacterium phlei". PMID- 1230057 TI - Morphology of mycophages DNA III. Legendre and Clark. PMID- 1230058 TI - [Changes of various lipid fractions in experimental intoxication with diphtheric and tetanic toxins]. AB - In the present study , the Authors have examined the effects of diphtheria and tetanus toxins on the lipid metabolism in the rabbit. Ten animals were treated with diphtheria toxin (five with 1 DL50 and five with 5 DL50 guinea pig). Ten animals were treated with tetanus toxin (five with 1 DL50 and 5 with 5 DL50 guinea pig). Finally, five animals were used as controls. The total lipids, the two cholesterol fractions, the total cholesterol, the triglycerides and the NEFA were measured 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the beginning of the experiment. The animals treated with diphtheria toxin all died within 48 hours, and only those given the higher dose of toxin showed an increase in NEFA, found immediately before they died. The animals treated with tetanus toxin all survived and only those injected with the higher dose of toxin showed an increase in the esterificated fraction of cholesterol. The Authors conclude by affirming that the two toxins tested do not have significant influence on the lipid picture in the rabbit. PMID- 1230059 TI - [Studies on the relation between the production of anti-O and anti-H agglutinins and the specific treatment of typhoid fever]. AB - The AA, studied the behaviour of anti-O and anti-H agglutinins in patients with typhoid fever treated with CAF or with CAF+ corticosteroides. They have shown that, during the treatment with antibiotics, the O-agglutinins, which appeared extremely quickly, can be present at a high level and for a long time in the serum; on the other hand the H-agglutinins are usually present at a lower level and tend to decrease more rapidly. In patients treated with CAF+ corticosteroides the agglutinins behaviour was not substancially different from that in patients treated with antibiotic only. These modifications in humoral immunity are notable only when treatment is begun early. On the basis of the results and of data in the most recent literature, the AA. also discuss the problem of typhoid relapses, the pathogenesis of which cannot depend from the modifications of humoral immunity only. PMID- 1230060 TI - Localization of polypeptides in frog virus 3 by radioiodination technique. AB - Frog virus 3 is an amphibian icosahedral deoxyribovirus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The radioiodination of purified virions using the enzyme lactoperoxidase has shown that the major component of the structural proteins is only partially exposed through the lipoprotein membrane that constitutes the outer layer of the icosahedral capsid. PMID- 1230062 TI - Sulfamic acid as a standard substance in non-aqueous titrimetry. PMID- 1230061 TI - Sporadic cases associated with non polio enteroviruses studied in Lombardy between 1965 and 1972. AB - The results of virological investigations on 492 sporadic cases with a clinical diagnosis compatible with an enterovirus etiology studied in Lombardy between 1965 and 1972 are reported. A recent infection with non polio enteroviruses was established in 54 patients, mostly children under 4 years of age. Coxsackie viruses group A were prevalent being associated with 38 cases; echoviruses were involved in 13 cases, Coxsackie B viruses only in 3 instances. The frequency of isolation was highest from patients with paralytic illnesses either spinal or facial palsy than from patients with other diagnosis. PMID- 1230063 TI - [The condensation of picoline acid 4-R-thiosemicarbazides with a-halogenketones. I. Reaction with chloroacetone (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230064 TI - [The effect of pimozide and phenoxybenzamine on the motor hyperactivity of rats treated with nialamide and dopamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230065 TI - [The determination of prothrombin in human and bovine plasma by the two-stage Bigg's method modified by the authors (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230066 TI - [Some practical aspects of beta-hydroxyethyl-2, 4-dinitrophenyl-disulfide synthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230067 TI - [The characteristic of radioactive products of partial hydrolysis of ribosomic proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230068 TI - [Therapeutic carbon granulation with the aid of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose solution. Part I. Adsorptive power of the granulate]. PMID- 1230069 TI - [A histological and histochemical analysis of Morren's glands in a worm (Lumbricus L.)(author's transl)]. PMID- 1230070 TI - [Stability of aqueous prednisolone solutions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230071 TI - [The level of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230072 TI - [Studies on the immunological factor in the sterility of married couples (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230073 TI - [Examination of urinary estrogens in the women with uterine myoma, cervical and ovarian carcinomas as compared with those found in the women with functional bleedings during climacterium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230074 TI - [Influence of encortone and desoxycortone acetate on some elements of gastric juice , blood serum and urine in young people (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230075 TI - [Zinc and copper levels in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230076 TI - [Venograms of tumors of the posterior cerebral region (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230077 TI - [Postoperative acute pseudomembranous enterocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230078 TI - [The phytobiological determination of the cytostatic activity of phthalmide derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230079 TI - [The effect of nitrogranulogen on the histochemical reactions of white rat liver cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230080 TI - [Mucoviscidosis in children from the Lublin Province in the light of autopsy material gathered during the years 1971-1974 by the Institute of Pathological Anatomy of the Medical Academy in Lublin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230081 TI - [Anatomical and histochemical investigations on some species of the genus Rumex L. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230082 TI - [Nursing aid as seen by the geriatric patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230083 TI - [Influence of the substitution of potassium chloride by lithium chloride or TRIS on the isolated rat jejunum sensitivity to acetylocholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine and the isolated heart sensitivity to noradrenaline (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230084 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma on the breeding ground of chronic bone inflammation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230085 TI - [Optic lobes in Diptera (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230086 TI - The fungistatic activity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in vitro. PMID- 1230088 TI - Cancer cells in the circulating blood of patients with larynx cancer. Part II. Results-clinical groups B and C. PMID- 1230087 TI - Cancer cells in the circulating blood of patients with larynx cancer. Part I. PMID- 1230089 TI - Cancer cells in the circulating blood of patients with larynx cancer. Part III. PMID- 1230090 TI - [The ultrastructure of the hepatic cells in newborn rats under experimental conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230091 TI - [Research on the indication of prothrombin in plasma by the two - stage method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230092 TI - [Experimental ligature of the liver lobe artery in the rat]. PMID- 1230093 TI - [Some modifications in the distribution of the maxillary nerve]. PMID- 1230095 TI - Apomorphine pecking in the pigeon. AB - Pecking activity elicited by apomorphine was studied quantitatively in intact and thalamic pigeons. While apomorphine pecking is easily observed in the intact pigeon, it is absent in the acute thalamic animal. I reappears, however, in the chronic preparation simultaneously with the recovery of spontaneous pecking. Apomorphine pecking is described by satiation and increased by fasting. Reticular stimulation produces reversible blockade of both apomorphine and spontaneous pecking with the same parameters, without increase in heart rate. Apomorphine pecking can be observed only in the presence of visual contrast, and is always aimed at the contrast points or edges. A decrease in contrast produces a decrease in the number of pecks delivered to the contrast points and an increase in those missing the target, while the total number of pecks delivered in a unit time is unaffected. A lowering of the background luminance is followed by a decrease in the total number of pecks, which is mostly due to a reduction of those aimed at the contrast points. All these findings are discussed and it is concluded that: i) apomorphine exerts an excitatory action (direct or indirect) on the hypothalamic feeding centers; hence apomorphine pecking can be considered as a pharmacologically motivated behavior; ii) visual contrast exerts a dual action on apomorphine pecking, namely it acts both as triggering stimulus and goal object; iii) the decrease in apomorphine pecking induced by lowering the ambient light intensity is probably due to a decrease in the level of the general arousal. PMID- 1230094 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of the adrenal cortex of the rat under various experimental conditions. I. General deep hypothermia]. PMID- 1230097 TI - Mechanical transduction in the Golgi tendon organ: a hypothesis. AB - Morphological evidence, gained from light and electron microscopy, has shown that the unmyelinated terminal branches of the Ib afferent fiber innervating the Golgi tendon organ (GTO) lie within the spaces between braids of collagen. Based on empirical data it is proposed that force applied to a muscle's tendon will straighten these collagen braids and cause compressional deformation of the axon branches trapped between them. The mechanical events, which are presumed to occur within the GTO, appear to explain how it may function as a biological force transducer under static loading conditions. The mechanical principal described for the GTO may be a primitive and wide-spread biological mechanism employed by certain types of sensory receptors that function as position (and force) detectors. PMID- 1230096 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies on the excessive growth of sympathetic ganglia in rats injected daily from birth with 6-OHDA and NGF. AB - Concomitatn daily treatment of rats immediately after birth with NGF and 6-OHDA for a period of 2-4 weeks, results in a volume increase of sympathetic ganglia of thirty times that of controls and 2.3 that of NGF treated littermates, at three weeks of age. Studies at the light, fluorescent and electron-microscope, showed that this overall enlargement is due to increase in size and number of sympathetic neurons and, to an even higher extent, to profuse production and branching of collaterals from postganglionic adrenergic nerve fibers. These axonal collaterals find accomodation inside the ganglia where they displace nerve cells and build a thick fibrillar capsule around the same ganglia. The survival in excellent conditions of sympathetic nerve cells treated with NGF but prevented by 6-OHDA from establishing anatomical and functional connections with their end organs, suggests that the growth factor find access to its target cells through the plasms membrane which envelops the cell perikarya. The extraordinary production of collaterals by chemically axotomized sympathetic fibers, brings to light growth potentialities of these fibers which materialize only upon disconnection of their endings from peripheral tissues. These results uncover a new facet of the interaction between nerve fibers and innervated tissues. PMID- 1230098 TI - [Effects of inhalation of 02 in 24% of patients with bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 1230100 TI - [Right side paramediastinic opacity]. PMID- 1230099 TI - [Histopathological and histochemical reflections during a course of bronchial inflammation]. PMID- 1230101 TI - [Determination of methyl parathion (0.0-dimethyl-(p-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphoric acid ester) and metabolites in animal material and in feed]. AB - A new thin-layer chromatography method was developed to detect parathion-methyl (0.0-dimethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and its metabolite methyl paraoxon and the degradation produce p-nitrophenol in samples of animal and plant origin. Coupling with Bratton-Marshall reagent, as used in colorimetry, was employed to detect the compounds on the chromatography plate. Pretreatment of the samples was simplified by preparing a crude extract and separating unwanted substances from the pesticide compounds by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1230102 TI - [TAS method for the detection of methyl parathion (0.0-dimethyl-(p-nitrophenyl) thiophosphoric acid ester) and various transformation products in organic materials]. AB - A simplified TAS method was used to determine parathion-methyl (0.0-dimethyl-0-p nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), methyl-paraoxon and p-nitrophenol in samples of animal origin and in foodstuffs. These substances were isolated by thermomicropartition in the TAS oven, with immediate uptake of the condensate on thin-layer plates. Identifications was done directly from the sample or from the residue of a crude extract. After partition by thin-layer chromatography, the compounds were rendered visible by coupling with suitable amines. By means of the TAS method it was possible to detect 2-4 ppm parathion-methyl and methyl paraoxon, or 3-4 ppm p-nitrophenol directly from samples, or 0,05-0.10 ppm of the first two compounds and 0.1-0.5 ppm of p-nitrophenol in the residue of extracts. PMID- 1230103 TI - [Studies on improving the fertility of aged sows. 3. Results of histological studies on puerperal involution and regeneration processes in the endometrium of lactating sows and sows after extremely early weaning]. AB - Involution and regeneration following parturition was studied in 48 sows allowed to suckle their piglets normally, or from which the piglets were taken away at 5 8 days of age. Samples of uterus were obtained by biopsy 4, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 30, 32 and 40 days after parturition. In lactating sows, endometrial changes similar to those of oestrus in a normal cycle were present 32 days after parturition. This fact seems to justify the removal of piglets at 21-28 days of age. After very early weaning (5-8 days), incomplete oestrus-like changes in the endometrium were seen on the 17th day after parturition. The observed involutionary and regenerative changes in the puerperal uterus suggest that early weaning after 10-12 days of suckling is feasible, but it may be advisable to use drugs that would accelerate uterine involution. PMID- 1230104 TI - [Hormone concentrations in the plasma of pigs kept under various husbandry methods]. AB - A comparison of pigs weighing 30-50 kg reared either in groups or in individual cages showed that the management system affected the concentrations of catecholamines, 11-hydroxy corticosteroids and protein-bound iodine. Pigs kept in individual cages showed high concentrations of catecholamines and iodine, and low concentrations of corticosteroids. Pigs kept in groups showed high corticosteroids and low catecholamines and protein-bound iodine. The values for hormone concentrations in caged pigs were similar to those reported for the Poland China breed, which are not very resistant to stress produced by temperature and restraint. PMID- 1230105 TI - [Comparison of postmortal changes in the ultrastructure of the masseter muscle and the longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs with PSE-meat]. AB - Samples of the two muscles were taken from 8 Landrace fattened pigs, affected with pale, soft exudative meat, during stunning and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after death; also 2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after slaughter, with storage at 20 degrees C for the first six hours and 2-5 degrees C subsequently. Considerable changes were found during the first hour after death, or even in samples taken during stunning, in longissimus dorsi samples. These consisted of destruction of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, breakdown of cell membranes, liberation of clumps of fibre protein, disappearance of glycogen, rigor and destruction of capillaries. Such changes would account for the features of pale, soft exudative meat such as water loss, brief rigor, pale colour, deficiency of energy-rich phosphates. By contrast, in the masseter muscles of the same animal these changes did not occur until later, or were in port absent. In both muscle the breakdown of fibres took place by destruction of the "I" bands and the "Z" strips, and this process also commenced in longissimus dorsi before masseter. PMID- 1230106 TI - [Studies on activity and properties of alkaline phosphatase in body fluids (plasma, serum, bile) and in various organs (kidney, liver, small intestine, bones) in cattle]. AB - Behaviour of the alkaline phosphatase (AP) present in blood serum, blood plasma, bile and extracts of organs (kidney, liver, intestinal mucosa, bone) was studied under various conditions of incubation (after preliminary heat treatment and after addition of L-phenyl-alanine). AP in serum and bile from calves and bullocks was very heat labile and did not inhibit phenylalanine much. EDTA and citrate were active inhibitors of AP, and therefore blood samples containing these anticoagulants are unsuitable for enzyme investigations. Out of four compounds tested, the substrate that was most rapidly split by AP from tissues was disodium phenylphosphate. AP activity was particularly high in kidney. The most heat-labile form of AP was that present in bone. AP in different tissues was inhibited to different extents by phenylalanine. PMID- 1230107 TI - [Histochemical aspects in carrageenan induced inflammation]. AB - Some changes of groundsubstance and cell proliferation are histochemically demonstrated in the carrageenin induced edema, in the connective tissue of the rat hund paw. We observed, that the leucocytic infiltration (beginning 5 minutes after inflammation) and the desintegration of these cells, induced by liberated lysosomal enzymes, can be assumed to be connected with mastcell degeneration. Fibroblasts and mastcells are correlating in the phase of woundhealing. Iron, which is found in the phagocytes of the connective tissue, in the acute stage of inflammation may not only be a consequence of the desintegration of erythrocytes, its appearance could be interpreted as support of the hypothesis of its antitoxic function. PMID- 1230108 TI - [Current status of the medical treatment of biliary lithiasis?]. PMID- 1230109 TI - [New test of pancreatic exocrine function. Jejunal amino acid perfusion. Preliminary studies]. PMID- 1230110 TI - [Identification of human pancreatic juice enzymes on polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 1230111 TI - [Adult Schonlein-Henoch purpura and intestinal malabsorption. Clinico pathological study of one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230112 TI - [Gastric metastases of malignant melanoma. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230113 TI - [Acute fatty liver in pregnancy: Sheehan's disease. Clinical and histopathological study of a case]. PMID- 1230114 TI - [Duplication of the stomach communicating with the pancreatic ducts]. PMID- 1230115 TI - [Composition of pediatric consultations. Is the teaching of pediatrics inadequate]. PMID- 1230116 TI - [Schwart-Jampel osteo-chondro-muscular dystrophy. 2 familial cases]. AB - A complex syndrome was observed in two sisters. It associated important and dysharmonious dwarfism, craniofacial dysmorphy (blepharophimosis and microstomy), osteo-chondro dystrophy (vertebral column, pelvis, coxofemoral joints), oligophrenia and a muscular syndrome of myotonic type. The myotonic muscular syndrome is characterized by the prevalence at the face. Clinical and electric myotonia is clear. Voluntary muscular contractions induce prolonged myotonic responses. However there is no basal activity as observed in other cases. Curarization does not induce any disappearance of myotonic discharges. No specific histological change was shown: Schwartz-Jampel's muscular syndrome is not univocal; however it seems to depend on an abnormality of neuro-muscular activity, at the level of the end plate. PMID- 1230117 TI - [Current status of teaching pediatrics in France in the medical curriculum]. AB - On the basis of a surgery performed by a questionnaire sent to all French medical schools (44, out of them 30 replied), the authors describe the current status of the teaching of pediatrics at undergraduate level. The 1970 reform, introducing a block teaching system, made easier to teach pediatrics made easier to teach pediatrics as an autonomous entity. But it leaves a lot to do with a view to improving the situation - in spite of the excessive number of students - by a better definition of the pedogogical objectives, a better integration of basic sciences, a broader place for small group and bedside teaching, a greater emphasis on the social aspects of pediatrics, and by the organisation, for the more motivated students, of optional courses. PMID- 1230118 TI - [Epidural spinal hematoma after lumbar puncture]. AB - Three days after a lumbar puncture in a 7 month old child with pyogenic meningitis and without any blood clotting defect, appeared symptoms of spinal cord compression. Myelography led to surgery, 5 days after the puncture. At operation, an epidural hematoma, from L1 to L5 was removed. The exceptional character of this accident and its cause are discussed. PMID- 1230119 TI - [Neutron therapy in the G.D.R. Fundamentals of fast neutron application in radiation treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In 1972 GDR started with the treatment of tumor patients with fast neutrons on the base of oxygen-effect. That means a better sensitivity of radiation of anoxic cells against radiation with high LET in comparison to radiation of thin ionization. Every tumor contains some anoxic cells. Therefore a better effect is possible with doses that are tolerated by normal tissue. In the following the details of the problems are discussed. PMID- 1230120 TI - [Neutron therapy in the G.D.R. II. Dose distribution near the surface (author's transl)]. AB - The knowledge of the dose near the skin is very important for the reaction of the skin. With a special ionization chamber measurements near the surface of the phantom were made. A slight build-up-effect was observed. In this case (average energy of 6,2 MeV) the maximum of dose is in the depth of 1,2 mm. PMID- 1230121 TI - [Neutron therapy in the G.D.R.III. Estimation of dose distribution in phantome (author's transl)]. AB - This report describes measurements in a tissue equivalent phantom. At first the depth-dose curve is determined. Then the distribution of dose orthogonal to the central beam is determinated. On the base of these results single field distributions are constructed and also distributions in case of irradiations from both sides. Any influence of different ti-sues (fat, bone) to the distribution of isodose could not be pointed out. Distributions of isodose from Co60-moving fields added to the distributions of neutrons are described. PMID- 1230122 TI - [IV. Studies on cell biological experiments to the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons in different phantom depths (author's transl)]. AB - From carcinomas of the collum uteri and from human embryos (10 weeks) primary cell cultures were obtained, irradiated with 60Co-gamma-rays and fast neutrons (6,2 mev), respectively, in doses ranging from 50 to 300 rad in the phantom depth of 3 and 12 cm at 37 degrees C, and the number of mitotically surviving cells was determined. From the survival curves, the values of D37, Do and Dq were determined. The studies have shown that embryonic cells have higher Dq values than the tumor cells under study, while there were no distinct differences in primary radiation sensitivity Do between normal and tumor cells when considering biological variability. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the 6,2 mev neutrons proved clearly dependent on the level of the single dose or of percent survival rate, respectively. The minima of the RBE values were obtained refering to Do (2,2-2,7). From the quotient RBE (tumor cells)/RBE (embryonic cells) ranging from 0.88 to 1.23 depending on the reference system, the different phantom depth and the cell cultures used can be concluded that the stronger biological effectiveness of fast neutrons is not necessarily an additional therapeutical advantage, but that the "anoxic gain factor" and the ensueing increased killing of hypoxic tumor cells has to be considered as the main advantage of neutron therapy. Using the neutron therapy in a phantom depth of 12 cm, a slow increase of the RBE-values can be registered in comparison to the radiation in a depth of 3 cm, if for the formation of the RBE-values the pure dose of neutrons without reference to the gamma-ray part will be employed. When we use for the formation of the RBE-values the neutron-dose including the dose for the corresponding gamma-ray part, a change of the RBE on the phantom depth tested here is not detectable. PMID- 1230123 TI - [V. Comparative impulse cytophotometric investigations for redistribution of lymphoma cells in vivo after treatment with 60Co-gamma-rays and fast neutrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230124 TI - Neutron therapy in the G.D.R. VI. comparison between neutron therapy and telecobalt-therapy of cancer of bronchus, oesophagus and stomach (author's transl). PMID- 1230125 TI - [Studies on the growth rate of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in C3H inbred mice (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinomas was determined in the C3H mouse inbred colony reared in Berlin-Buch over the past three years. Only female animals reaching a lifespan of no less than 170 days, corresponding to the longevity of the shortest lived animal in which a mammary carcinoma developed, were included in the study. A 50% incidence of mammary carcinomas was found with female animals above one year of age. The median age for the incidence of tumours was 446 days. Related to tumour-free females which at least have reached the median tumours age, the proportion of females developing mammary carcinomas was 86.8%. With increasing litters the tumour latency decreased from 491 for monoparous females to 383 days for mothers with 7 to 8 litters. The growth rate of 60 tumours under observation was found to vary grossly. With the minimum volume doubling time being the same in all cases, the growth rate of the tumours varied according to longer or shorter phases of stagnation or delay. Tumours having approximately equal growth rates throughout the period of investigation were classified as a "growth type". Altogether, seven growth types for spontaneous mammary carcinomas were established. PMID- 1230126 TI - [The influence of the cellular composition of primary tumour cell suspensions on the in-vitro cultural growth rate with monolayer cultivation--a contribution to tumor-immunological interrelationships (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitative differential analyses were performed on smears of primary suspensions of human malignant tumours prepared by tryptic digestion. We correlated the findings thus obtained with the in-vitro rate of positive cultivation in monolayer cultivation and clinical courses of tumour carriers. This way we found, that the ratio of lymphocytes to tumour cells in the cell suspension has significant influence on the in-vitro growth rate. We have explained the mutual reaction between lymphocytes and tumour cells as expression of a specific immunological reaction. The correlation with the clinical courses of tumour carriers underlines the in-vitro findings. PMID- 1230127 TI - [The influence of menopause on prognosis of breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1949 and 1968, 1369 female patients received primary treatment for breast cancer in the Robert-Rossle-Clinic of the Central Institute for Cancer Research of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. Using a sequential procedure based on decision theory, the influence of menopause on prognosis of breast cancer was investigated in clinical stage I--III. The following rank order of negative prognostic signs was found in the 365 patients of 46-55 years age (5-year survival rate in braquets): skin involved beyond breast (0%); inflammatory type of cancer (0%); fixation of chest wall (0%); radiation treatment only (10%); tumor diameter in surgical specimen 5 cm and more (26%); tumor diameter 10+ cm by clinical examination (31%); skin ulceration (0%); axillary lymph nodes considered to contain growth (40%); menopause (59.7%). 85% of menstrating patients without these adverse prognostic signs survived for more than 5 years. Taking into consideration other observations, it is suggested that breast cancer before menopause is mostly oestrogen-dependent. When the ovary ceases to produce oestrogens in the next future, the cancer looses hormonal stimuli necessary for growth. This interpretation is in agreement with the observations that younger menstruating women show a definitely worse prognosis (5-year survival rate 55,8%). In controlled clinical trials, patients before and after menopause should be randomized separately. PMID- 1230128 TI - [Results of treatment of stomach cancer in a closed population free of selection bias (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment results of surgery for gastric cancer differ widely in contemporary reports. This depends on criteria of selection and on composition of patients. Only results of treatment without any selection can give a solid ground for rational planning of cancer control measures. It must be admitted that there is a need for information concerning regional results of treatment of gastric cancer for planning of control measures. An investigation in the district of Erfurt, German Democratic Republic, gave some interesting data: The crude absolute 5-year survival rate for all stomach cancer cases in males registered in 1960-1966 reached 4,7% (87 of 1838). Distal partial gastrectomy gave 68 of 372 (or 18,3%) 5 year survivors. After radical total gastrectomy 8,6% (7 of 81) survived 5 years or more. In the first year following treatment, 81% (1488 of 1838) were registered as dead. Survival rates depend on age: 5 years survival rate of patients up to 65 years was 8,1% (59 of 729) and fell drastically in patients of 65+ years (28 of 1109 = 2,5%). The author gives some recommendations for the development of cancer control in the G.D.R. PMID- 1230129 TI - [Sleep deprivation. Clinical ratings, psychophysiological and biochemical measures (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical ratings, psychophysiological and biochemical measures were taken from 30 depressive patients before and after sleep deprivation of one night. Most patients improved after sleep deprivation. We found signs of activation and stress, without correlation with clinical improvement. The biochemical changes did not correlate with clinical improvement either. PMID- 1230130 TI - [Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager syndrome). Results of regional cerebral blood flow measurements (author's transl)]. AB - Using a gamma camera and the stochastic method, regional cerebral blood flow was measured in a patient with the diagnosis of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure was altered by tilting the patient in supine position head-up and head-down. A partial defect in the autoregulation and CO2 sensitivity was found. Sensitivity to Norepinephrine was checked by intravenous infusion of 0.02 mug/min/kg body weight. An immediate marked rise in blood pressure was observed. Clinical symptoms, therapeutic guidelines, and histopathological findings are discussed. PMID- 1230131 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of chlorpromazine and it metabolites in schizophrenia. AB - The concentrations of chlorpromazine and some of its metabolites in blood plasma and CSF from chlorpromazine-treated schizophrenics with different therapeutic results were studied. Compared to a good responder a poor responder showed very high levels of the inactive metabolite chlorpromazine sulphoxide in the CSF. PMID- 1230132 TI - The recovery of the electrocorticogram of normothermic canine brains after complete cerebral ischemia. AB - Complete cerebral ischaemias of 1 to 30 min duration were performed under normothermic conditions in completely isolated canine heads perfused from a donor dog. The electrocorticogram was found to return in the reperfusion period following these complete ischaemias. The latency of recovery, i.e. the interval between the end of the complete cerebral ischaemia and the reappearance of the first cortical potentials, increased with increasing duration of the complete cerebral ischaemia; thus, the latency of recovery after a complete ischaemia of 30 min amounted to 11 to 12 hours. PMID- 1230133 TI - [Delayed initiation of voluntary movements after pyramidal lesions in man (author's transl)]. AB - The reaction times for rapid movements in muscles of arm and leg were measured in 20 patients with unilateral lesions of the motor cortex and the internal capsule. Rapid unilateral and bilateral movements after an acoustic signal (click) on the pyramidally paretic side were compared with the normal side. In these patients and in 10 normal subjects, electromyographic and mechanical recordings from symmetrical muscles of both sides were compared. 2. All patients with pyramidal lesions showed in the case of unilateral movements a marked prolongation of motor latency in the affected muscles: compared to the normal side, the movement started 30-160 msec later in muscles contralateral to the lesion of the motor cortex. In contrast, normal subjects showed equal latencies on both sides with maximal differences of 10-20 msec. 3. When movements were executed bilaterally the latency prolongation in the pyramidally paretic muscles was markedly diminished or disappeared in later stages. In most patients the bilateral movements started simultaneously in the normal and the paretic muscles, except in 5 recent lesions of the contralateral motor cortex. 4. The significance of the findings is discussed in terms of the function of the human motor cortex in starting and controlling voluntary movements. It is assumed that the disappearance of latency prolongation when movements are executed bilaterally in patients with unilateral pyramidal lesions can be best explained by homolateral projections of uncrossed pyramidal fibres to the motoneurones. 5. These results, and other observations, suggest that the motor cortex starts and controls voluntary movements via rapidly conducting pyramidal fibres to the motoneurones. This occurs after a preprogramming and a readiness posture is established by other cerebral structures. The prolongation of motor latencies after motor cortex lesions is probably due to a disturbance in the rapidly conducting cortico-spinal projections to spinal motoneurones and interneurones. PMID- 1230134 TI - [Definition of normal values in medicine]. AB - The definition of the normal values of quantitative characters is discussed. Three distinct types of normality: statistical, biological and epidemiological, are examined. A method postulating the presence of several Gaussian components, one of which represents the truly normal population, in a heterogeneous population, is proposed for the statistical analysis of frequency distribution. Examples are given of the application of a relatively simple and effective graphical-numerical process. In the light of the preliminary results, systematic adoption of the process is suggested, not only for the definition of normal values in the sense of biological normality, but also in the comparison of patients and healthy subjects, whereby epidemiological normality can be defined by means of discriminant analysis. Lastly, the possibility of defining normal values for groups of variables is considered. PMID- 1230135 TI - [Analysis of some hematological parameters and variables connected with drinking and smoking in relation to subclinical blood lead values]. AB - Long-term investigation of the mechanisms involved in the uptake of lead and its effect on the body is referred to. The relation between smoking, drinking and some blood parameters and blood lead and Ala-dehydrase is examined. A close connection between blood lead and alcohol, but not smoking, was noted, whereas both variables led to marked inhibition of Aladehydrase. A model for the relation between alcohol and blood lead was sought. There was a significant relation between Ala-dehydrase activity and the red cell count; this was corroborated by further statistical analysis and observation of increased globular values. PMID- 1230136 TI - [Introduction to new research on correlations between manic-depressive psychosis and adult obesity-linked diabetes]. AB - The problem of the association between adult diabetes, obesity and manic depressive psychosis is examined in the light of new endocrinological and psychopharmacological findings. After a critical review of the vast old and recent literature on the matter, a physiopathological interpretation of the clinical association is put forward on the basis of mental, nervous and endocrine correlations in carbohydrate metabolism, with special reference to manic depressive psychosis. The insulin-like effect of lithium on carbohydrate metabolism and correlated ions (phosphates, calcium, magnesium, potassium) at cell membrane level is then discussed. Theoretical and practical conclusions are drawn on the basis of these data. The former propose an essentially "structural" or "intersection" hypothesis of the association and suggest depth study of the insulin function especially in the "normal" phase of manic-depressive psychosis. The latter show the possibility of a clinical trial with lithium and other anti depressant drugs in obese diabetics, with a close cooperation between psychiatrist and diabetologist. PMID- 1230137 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus]. AB - Since hyperthyroidism exacerbates the symptoms of diabetes, the treatment of surgical patients with pancreatic diabetes and hyperthyroidism should first aim at reducing thyroidal hyperactivity. This step is an essential prelude to the success of antidiabetic management. PMID- 1230138 TI - [Campimetric changes in 35 subjects with chromophobe pituitary adenoma treated by intrasellar implantation of Y 90]. AB - Campimetric alterations were observed in 35 patients suffering from hypophyseal chromophobe adenoma; the patients were therefore submitted intrasellar to implantation of Y90. After a fixed period of time, the patients were checked by the same campimetric technique, and the alterations encountered are described. PMID- 1230139 TI - The effects of a new xanthine derivative, 3,7-dimethyl-1(5-oxohexyl)-xanthin (pentoxifylline) on the general and cardiac haemodynamics of the intact animal. AB - A study has been made of the effects of xanthine derivative (pentoxifylline) upon the general and cardiac haemodynamics of intact anaesthetised dogs. The drug increased heart-rate, respiration rate, cardiac output and systemic pressure. It reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Coronary flow was increased for only a few minutes, but coronary sinus O2 content increased throughout the study. Lactate and pyruvate values increased in both artery and coronary sinus, as did the cardiac extraction of these substances. Cardiac extraction of non-esterified fatty acid increased. PMID- 1230140 TI - A comparison of strontium selenite broth and mannitol-selenite-cystine broth in the isolation of salmonellae from egg products. AB - Of 103 isolations of Salmonella sp from egg pulp and albumen, 92 were made using strontium selenite enrichment broth and 54 were made using mannitol-selenite cystine enrichment broth. The results suggest that the former medium may be used successfully for enrichment and subsequent detection of salmonellae in egg products. PMID- 1230141 TI - A method for assessing phagocyte clearance rates in man. AB - By comparing the clearance rates of ICG and 99mTc-sulphur colloid from the blood stream, it has been possible to provide a method for assessing the phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system in man. PMID- 1230142 TI - Studies of the responses of basophil and eosinophil leucocytes and mast cells to the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Ultrastructural changes in basophils and eosinophils at the site of infection. AB - Basophil and eosinophil leucocytes infiltrate the small intestinal lamina propria of guinea-pigs infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. By comparing the morphology of both cell types at the site of infection with bone marrow and buffy coat cells, it was found that, after entering the lamina propria, basophils developed an electron lucent halo beneath the granule-limiting membrane while the characteristic orderly periodicity of the granules changed to a fibrillar or amorphous appearance. The granules also tended to coalesce but remained within the cell. Approximately half the eosinophils at the site of infection developed deficiencies in the amorphous outer matrix of their granules but showed no obvious change in the central electron-dense cores. PMID- 1230143 TI - Inhibition of renin secretion in the isolated rat kidney by angiotensin I. AB - The effect of angiotensin I on renal perfusion pressure, and on basal and isoprenaline stimulated renin secretion, was examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney. The increase in prefusion pressure associated with intrarenal infusion of angiotensin I suggested conversion of the peptide to angiotensin II within the kidney. Basal renin secretion and the stimulatory response to isoprenaline were significantly suppressed by angiotensin I. The converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 20,881, infused at 1,600 X dose of angiotensin I, partially reversed the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin I without altering the degree of suppression of renin secretion. PMID- 1230144 TI - An isotopic study of oxalate excretion in sheep. AB - Intravenously injected 14C labelled oxalate was rapidly removed from the blood stream via the kidney in 2 sheep, 75% being cleared within 8 h. Mean daily urinary oxalate excretions over 5 days were 21-2 and 27-5 mg and the derived plasma oxalate concentrations were 52-6 and 74-4 mug/100 ml, respectively. Oxalate was both filtered and secreted by the renal tubule with oxalate/inulin ratios varying from 1-11 to 1-57 in 6 normal sheep. A large increase in calcium excretion induced by calcium borogluconate infusion over 5 days was accompanied by a small but consistent increase in urinary oxalate excretion relative to calcium. Oxalate in blood was to be found mainly in the plasma, there being a small (8%) proporation within erythrocytes. This is lower than that reported for man, and yet in its excretion of oxalate via the kidney the sheep appears to closely resemble man and dog. PMID- 1230146 TI - Cytophilic attachment of ovine IgG2 to autologous polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Preparations of ovine polymorphs were stained with fluoroscein-conjugated monospecific anti-immunoglobulin sera. Approximately 26% of polymorphs specifically stained with anti-gamma2, 16% with anti-light chain, 24% with anti Fab and 24% with anti-ovine serum. There was no significant staining of polymorphs with anti-gamma1, anti-mu or anti-alpha. Cytophilic IgG2 could be removed from the cells by incubation at 37 degress and subsequently replaced by incubation in autologous serum at 4 degrees. PMID- 1230145 TI - Regulation of sheep erythrocyte volume in anisotonic media. AB - Sheep erythrocytes of high and low potassium types were incubated in non haemolytic hypotonic and hypertonic media for 4-5 h at 30 degrees. After initial swelling or shrinking, they readjusted their volume toward their initial isotonic volume. The volume regulation was associated with specific changes in cation fluxes. In the swollen cells, efflux of both sodium and potassium was increased and influx of both cations was slightly decreased; the converse was true for the shrunken cells. All four fluxes were changed in a direction that led to return to normal volume. The difference in the response of the two types of sheep erythrocytes to changes of extracellular fluid osmolality resided in the different activity of their cation transport systems. It is concluded that sheep erythrocytes possess some means of regulating their volume in vitro which is linked to cation permeability. The exact nature of the physical mechanisms by which they accomplish this remains to be elucidated. PMID- 1230147 TI - Allergenicity of epoxy-reactive diluents in the guinea pig. AB - The sensitizer in epoxy resins may be the actual resin, the hardeners, the reactive diluents or the additives. An epoxy-reactive diluent, Epoxide No. 8, recently introduced on the Swedish market, and described by the manufacturer as nonsensitizing was checked for allergenicity by "the guinea pig maximization test". Judging from the results, Epoxide No. 8 in the guinea pig test was even more allergenic than butylglycidyl ether, another reactive diluent known to be a human skin sensitizer. The potential allergenicity of Epoxide No. 8 was also indicated by the fact that butylglycidyl ether, cresylglycidyl ether and epoxy resin elicitated positive reactions in animals sensitized to Epoxide No. 8. PMID- 1230148 TI - Trends in the development of body measurement and body composition. PMID- 1230149 TI - [Metabolism and the importance of vitamin C in human nutrition]. PMID- 1230150 TI - [Proteins from akane cultured yeasts and human nutrition]. PMID- 1230151 TI - Future trends in clinical nutrition. PMID- 1230152 TI - [Developing trends in nutrition and dietetics]. PMID- 1230153 TI - Future trends in nutrition: vitamins and minerals major. PMID- 1230155 TI - [Our nutrition-where does it lead?]. PMID- 1230156 TI - [Developing trends in nutrition. Sugar and sweeteners]. PMID- 1230154 TI - [The development of nutritional science. The trace elements]. PMID- 1230157 TI - [Developing trends in the prevention and treatment of obesity]. PMID- 1230159 TI - [Effects of hormones and chemical mediators on some functional parameters of the rabbit's heart. VIII. Effect of aldosterone]. PMID- 1230158 TI - [Beta-glucronidase activity of granulocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1230160 TI - [Effects of hormones and chemical mediators on some functional parameters of the rabbit's heart. IX. Effect of hydrocortisone]. PMID- 1230161 TI - [Effects of hormones and chemical mediators on some functional parameters of the rabbit's heart. X. Effect of progesterone]. PMID- 1230162 TI - [Fibroblasts of the mice embryos as producers of means conditioning the growth of granulocyte colonies "in vitro"]. PMID- 1230163 TI - [Evaluation of the stimulating activity for the formation in vitro of granulocyte colony in the thin layer agar system]. PMID- 1230164 TI - [Behavior of the skin reaction to DNCB and to PHA during a course of acute viral HBs Ag positive and negative hepatitis and in carriers of HBs Ag]. PMID- 1230165 TI - [Formation of E and EAC rosettes from peripheral human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro]. PMID- 1230166 TI - [Influence of the pharmacometabolic inhibitor (SKF 525-A) on the velocity of reduction of methemoglobin]. PMID- 1230167 TI - [Fenfluramine and headche: pharmaco-clinical implications]. PMID- 1230168 TI - [Modification of the test of the silver-affinity to the semi-fine and ultrafine fats of the skin of Bombina variegata pachypus]. PMID- 1230169 TI - [Toxicity of food additives. -I. Injury of the membrance and inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by BHA on the liver mitochondria and lysosomes of the rat. Role of the solvents used for solubilization of the compound]. PMID- 1230170 TI - [Toxicity of food additives. -II. Injury of the membrane induced by monocyclic compounds on the mitochondria and lysosomes of the liver of rat structure activity relationship]. PMID- 1230171 TI - [Toxicity of food additives. -III. Inhibition of the respiratory function induced by BHA and BHT on the liver mitochondria of the rat]. PMID- 1230172 TI - [Toxicity of food additives. -IV. Injury of the membrane and oxidation of the hemoglobin induced by monocyclic compounds on erythrocytes from various species of animals. Structure-activity relationship]. PMID- 1230174 TI - [Effect of homotaurine on the learning and maintenance of the conditioned reflex of escape in the rat]. PMID- 1230173 TI - [Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine and of the acetylocholine in the anticonvulsive action of homotaurine]. PMID- 1230175 TI - [Prolapse of the mitral valve and ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 1230176 TI - [Trifascicular and atrioventricular conduction disorders revealed by atrial electrostimulation in a patient with lipothymic crises, right branch block and left anterior hemiblock]. PMID- 1230177 TI - [Transitory left posterior hemiblock in acute ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 1230178 TI - [Incidence of interatrial conduction disorders of the Bachmann bundle block type]. PMID- 1230179 TI - [2 cases of congenital coronary anomalies]. PMID- 1230180 TI - [Measurement of the threshold of stimulation during the implantation of pacemakers and later, using a nonsurgical method]. PMID- 1230181 TI - [Left anterior hemiblock in phase 4 in a patient with a variant form of Prinzmetal's angina pectoris]. PMID- 1230182 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina in subjects with acute and prior myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1230183 TI - [Experimental hypertension induced with pronase]. PMID- 1230184 TI - [Congenital heart diseases in old age. Presentation of a case of intraventricular communication associated with total atrioventricular block]. PMID- 1230185 TI - The Commission on Judicial Action of the American Psychiatric Association: origins and prospects--a personal view. PMID- 1230186 TI - Some comments on labelling. PMID- 1230187 TI - Recent legal-psychiatric developments in California. PMID- 1230188 TI - Some recent legal-psychiatric developments in the United States. PMID- 1230189 TI - Psychiatric testimony in a criminal setting. PMID- 1230190 TI - Suicide among males in prison--why not? PMID- 1230191 TI - The prison inmate's right to treatment and the general hospital: a case report of acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 1230192 TI - Patterns of Eskimo homicide. PMID- 1230193 TI - Inservice training of nonprofessional counselors in a correctional institution setting. PMID- 1230196 TI - Bowen's disease: (intraepithelial epithelioma). PMID- 1230195 TI - The conjunctiva: histopathological study of the conjunctival vasculature in diabetes millitus. PMID- 1230194 TI - Use of depo-provera in the treatment of aggressive sexual offenders: preliminary report of three cases. PMID- 1230197 TI - Epibulbar epitheliomata. PMID- 1230198 TI - The role of iridoectomy in management of acute conditions of iris and cornea further findings. PMID- 1230199 TI - Anterior chamber and intraocular pressure: evalution of the relation between the depth of A. C. and angle type in Egyptians. PMID- 1230200 TI - Anterior chamber depth measurements in normal eyes and in eyes involved with primary glaucoma in Assiut. PMID- 1230201 TI - Flat anterior chamber after cataract extraction. PMID- 1230202 TI - Acute renal failure from diuretics given with hypotensives in treating non formation of anterior chamber. PMID- 1230203 TI - irritable eye. PMID- 1230204 TI - Use of tranquilizers before measurement of intra ocular pressure. PMID- 1230205 TI - Intra-ocular pressure after tonography. PMID- 1230206 TI - The family of the primary glaucoma patient. PMID- 1230207 TI - "Mental symptoms presenting in primary glaucoma". PMID- 1230208 TI - Ophthalmo-dynamometry in glaucoma. PMID- 1230209 TI - Experimental study on the retinal arterial pressure during controlled hypotension. PMID- 1230210 TI - A study of primary glaucoma in Assiut. 1 : simple glaucoma. PMID- 1230211 TI - "A study of primary glaucoma in Assiut: II. angle closure glaucoma". PMID- 1230212 TI - Trephine without iridectomy in treatment of some cases of glaucoma. PMID- 1230213 TI - Subscleral limbectomy. PMID- 1230214 TI - The lens: experimental study on lens proteins and chemical lens emulsifications. PMID- 1230215 TI - Cataract and parasitic infestation in Egypt. PMID- 1230216 TI - Comparative effects of local and intraperitineal administration of aet on the lens of X-irradiated guinea pigs. PMID- 1230217 TI - Surgery of iris prolapse after cataract extraction by actual cautery. PMID- 1230218 TI - Myxoma of the conjunctiva. PMID- 1230219 TI - Fundus oculi & uvea: management of complications accompanying aniridia. PMID- 1230220 TI - Essential atrophy of the iris. PMID- 1230221 TI - Mixed uveitis; pars planitis: report of a case. PMID- 1230222 TI - Behcet's syndrome: with cardiac and neurological complications. PMID- 1230223 TI - Tuberculoma of the choroid. PMID- 1230224 TI - Various fundus pictures due to lesions of the posterior ciliary arteries. PMID- 1230225 TI - Proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 1230226 TI - Retinoschisis. PMID- 1230227 TI - Lymphangiectasia haemorrhagica conjunctivae: report of three cases with a note on successful treatment with cryosurgery in one case. PMID- 1230228 TI - Eclipse blindness. PMID- 1230229 TI - Vertebral basilar occlusive disease and bilateral occipital blindness. PMID- 1230230 TI - Retinoblastoma; unusual presentation. PMID- 1230231 TI - Cobalt 60 discs in the treatment of retinoblastoma and malignant melanomata. PMID- 1230232 TI - The management of diabetic traction detachment. PMID- 1230233 TI - The prognostic value of the scleral depressor in retinal detachment. PMID- 1230234 TI - Vitrectomy. PMID- 1230235 TI - Encircling silastic 3mm. band without evacuation of subretinal fluid in recently retinal detachment. PMID- 1230236 TI - Fluorescein angiography. PMID- 1230237 TI - Role of refractive anomalies among squint patients seen at "Giza clinic of squint" from the year 1960 -1970. PMID- 1230238 TI - Role of concave lenses in the treatment of divergent squint. PMID- 1230239 TI - Consecutive ocular deviations. PMID- 1230240 TI - Oral contraceptives and unilateral proptosis with glaucoma simplex. PMID- 1230241 TI - Consecutive anophthalmos and cryptophthalmos. PMID- 1230242 TI - Primary hypoplasia of the orbital margin and tarsus (Urrets - zavalia syndrome). PMID- 1230243 TI - Two cases of fibroma in the orbit. PMID- 1230245 TI - The present status of trachoma in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. PMID- 1230244 TI - Rarifaction of dorsum sellae with osteolytic sphenoidal ridge meningioma. PMID- 1230246 TI - Sellar lesion presenting with cerebro-spinal rhinorrhea. PMID- 1230247 TI - Malignant melanoma of the lid. PMID- 1230248 TI - Hemangiomas of the lid. PMID- 1230249 TI - Incidence and peculiar clinical pictures of haemangioma of orbit lids and conjunctiva in Egypt. PMID- 1230250 TI - Cryoapplication for a chronic inflammatory mass at limbus, and a haemangioma of upper fornix, and of upper tarsal conjunctiva. PMID- 1230251 TI - Ulcerating angioblastic haemangioma. PMID- 1230252 TI - Surgical removal of a big mole of the face and lids and skin grafts used to cover the raw area. PMID- 1230253 TI - Management of post-traumatic cicatricial ptsosis. PMID- 1230254 TI - The effect of vibravenous on experimentally infected eyes of rabbits. PMID- 1230255 TI - Neurosurgical approach to the orbit. PMID- 1230256 TI - Aberrant lacrimal gland. PMID- 1230257 TI - Modified Schirmer's test in facial nerve injury. PMID- 1230258 TI - Estimation of the amount of tears present in the conjunctival cul-de-sac of normal non trachomatous Egyptian eyes using a modified Schirmer's test. PMID- 1230259 TI - Evaluation of different lines of treatment for persistent epiphora: after dacryocystectomy incurable obstruction of lacrimal passages and idiopathic cases. PMID- 1230260 TI - A new operation to control persistent epiphora "diathermy destruction of the orbital lobe of lacrimal gland". PMID- 1230261 TI - Dermolipoma adherent to the lacrimal gland. PMID- 1230262 TI - Lacrimal prothesis preliminary report. PMID- 1230263 TI - Intraocular, foreign bodies in military and civil eye injuries. PMID- 1230264 TI - Practical aspects of magnet extraction of foreign bodies from the posterior segment of the eye. PMID- 1230265 TI - Radiotherapy in the treatment of eye tumours. PMID- 1230266 TI - Simplified freezing unit for eye surgery. PMID- 1230267 TI - The cornea: corneal complications of spring catarrh. PMID- 1230268 TI - Sterilisation of ophthalmic instruments by paraformaldehyde tablets. PMID- 1230270 TI - The Arabic origin of ophthalmology words. PMID- 1230269 TI - The rate of the oxygen discharge by the blood of patients with some forms of ophthalmopathy. PMID- 1230271 TI - Local asiaticoside in the treatment of ulcers & wounds of the cornea. PMID- 1230272 TI - Surgical management of recurrent pterygium by an operation of transposition. PMID- 1230273 TI - Incidence of bullous keratopathy. PMID- 1230274 TI - Therapeutic keratoplasty in corneal fistula. PMID- 1230275 TI - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and free fatty acid during delivery. PMID- 1230276 TI - Some observations on amino acid values in normal serum and urine. PMID- 1230277 TI - A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pregnancy and delivery. PMID- 1230278 TI - Experimental studies on antigenic substances in the brain. PMID- 1230279 TI - Respiratory impairment including assessment of disability. Budapest, Hungary, June 22-26, 1975. 1. Summary of the conference. PMID- 1230280 TI - II. Assessment of disablement due to impaired respiratory function. PMID- 1230281 TI - [III. The state of readaptation of patients with chronic lung diseases in Europe]. PMID- 1230282 TI - [Contribution of the european economic community to pulmonary research (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230283 TI - Respiratory mechanics in upper airway obstruction. AB - Respiratory mechanics were studied in 7 patients with vocal cord paralysis (Group A), 7 with laryngeal or sublaryngeal obstruction (Group B) an in 3 with intrathoracic tracheal obstruction (Group C). Group A showed decrease in FIV1.0, PIFR and VI50 when compared with corresponding expiratory parameters. Group B only showed a decrease in PIFR compared with PEFR. In all patients the high flow area near TLC in expiratory V/V curves was replaced by a flat flow pattern, extending variably into lower lung volumes. Predominant inspiratory flow reduction was present in Group A. Usually the normal expiratory plateau (IVPF curves) was absent even at very low lung volumes (about 25% VC) in the 8 patients studied (Group A, B, C). In Group B, inspiratory and expiratory resistances (IVPF curves) were similar up to about 50-60 cm H2O Palv; above this level inspiratory resistance was higher. The flow-pressure pattern (IVPF curves) of a normal subject with a relatively low resistance added at the mouth (9 mm i.d.) was very close to that of the resistance alone throughout inspiration. Above 60 cm H2O Palv expiratory resistance appeared to be lower, as in Group B. Calculated pressure drop due to convective acceleration across the resistance coincides with its pressure-flow relationship. These results do not support the hypothesis of inspiratory reduction in tracheal caliber as a contributing cause to inspiratory flow decrease. The difference PEFR-PIFR at highest Palv was inversely related to the degree of obstruction. Consequently, flow-volume curves of moderate sublaryngeal lesions may show disproportionate reductions in VI (like Group A) despite its fixed nature. Results obtained in six patients submitted to surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 1230284 TI - [Normal values of functional residual capacity (author's transl)]. AB - The functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured in 24 healthy subjects, 1-by the helium dilution method using a closed system and an open system during washout, and 2-using a constant pressure plethysmograph. Results obtained with the three methods were not significantly different. Furthermore, FRC was determined by helium dilution in 177 healthy men and in 100 healthy women, aged between 18 and 77 years. In both sexes, FRC was dependent on age, height (H) and weight, being greater in the taller, older subjects. For a given height and age, FRC decreased with increasing weight. Correlation coefficients between logarithm of (FRC/H3) and age and/or weight were highly significant. From these allometric relationships, it was possible to calculate FRC reference values, and then, reference values for other functional tests such as steady state TLCO and lung compliance. PMID- 1230285 TI - Small airways disease in coal miners. A longitudinal study. AB - Seventeen of an original cohort of 25 non-smoking working coal miners and 6 age matched controls studied in 1969 were re-examined in 1973. Measurements included lung volumes, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, and closing volumes. Miners, when compared with controls, showed a marked decline in maximal expiratory flow at mid-vital capacity (V 50%) over the 4-year period which took place without significant change in the 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1). Frequency dependence of dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in association with an increased upstream airways resistance (Rus), and also loss of lung elastic recoil (PL(St)) which were present at the time of the original study led to similar declines in V 50%. An abnormally elevated closing capacity expressed as a percentage of total lung capacity (CC/TLC)% was found in 9 miners (53%) and none of the controls. Closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity (CV/VC)% was abnormal in 4 miners (23.5)% and no controls. Measurement of closing volume did not relate well to the variety of mechanical abnormality present on the original study; namely, loss of recoil or small airways obstruction. The presence of an elevated (CC/TLC)% and (CV/VC)% correlated mainly with the presence of hyperinflation as indicated by an elevated residual volume. PMID- 1230286 TI - Efficiency of gas exchange in the lung. PMID- 1230287 TI - Nomenclature and definitions in respiratory physiology and clinical aspects of chronic lung diseases. PMID- 1230288 TI - [Hereditary vitreo-retinal dystrophy (Wagner)]. PMID- 1230289 TI - [Immunology of the vitreous body]. PMID- 1230290 TI - [Fibro-myxoma of the conjunctiva]. PMID- 1230291 TI - [Surgical treatment of giant tears with inversion of the retina]. PMID- 1230292 TI - Bilateral retinal shock. PMID- 1230293 TI - Contact lenses for ophthalmoscopy in children and prematures. PMID- 1230294 TI - Uncommon etiology of eyelid oedema. PMID- 1230295 TI - Hereditary serum IgM hyperviscosity and Doyne macular dystrophy. PMID- 1230296 TI - [Isotope study of malignant melanoma and hemagioma of the choroid]. PMID- 1230297 TI - [Relation between various methods of exploration of respiratory function in the study of localization of bronchial obstructions]. PMID- 1230298 TI - [Bronchial puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases]. PMID- 1230299 TI - [Abnormalities of the bronchial tree]. PMID- 1230300 TI - [McLeod's syndrome. Diagnostic value of pulmonary and bronchial angiographies, pulmonary vascular scintigraphy and some tests of the respiratory function]. PMID- 1230301 TI - Academic lecture: The nature of the psychotherapeutic process revisited. PMID- 1230304 TI - Editorial: The medical profession and torture. PMID- 1230303 TI - Psychiatric service to the juvenile court. A model. PMID- 1230302 TI - Manic-depressive psychosis and drug abuse. PMID- 1230305 TI - Presidential address--1975. PMID- 1230306 TI - The incidence and pattern of dysfunctional uterine haemorrhage amongst Ceylonese women. (a study of 72 cases). PMID- 1230307 TI - Reye's syndrome in Sri Lanka. PMID- 1230308 TI - Surgical management of carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus and cardia. PMID- 1230309 TI - Tracheostomy for prolonged ventilation. PMID- 1230310 TI - Paralytic rabies in Ceylon: a case report. PMID- 1230311 TI - Fatal rupture of the spleen in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1230312 TI - Current concepts in drug therapy. No. 19: Miconazole "Daktarin" "Monistat". PMID- 1230313 TI - [Use of injectable Fansidar in juvenile malaria in Dakar]. PMID- 1230314 TI - [Cirrhosis in African children in Dakar]. PMID- 1230315 TI - [A rare etiology of pulmonary osteoarthropathy in Africa: silicosis. Apropos of a case from the Tchad]. PMID- 1230316 TI - [Medullary compression caused by epiduritis with sarcoidosic aspects]. PMID- 1230317 TI - [Secondary syphilis of venereal origin]. PMID- 1230318 TI - [Anatomical data on a double thoraco-ombilico-ischiopage monster]. PMID- 1230319 TI - [Apropos of 6 fractures of the acetabulum with dislocation in polytraumatized patients]. PMID- 1230320 TI - [Juvenile intestinal invagination (22 cases in 12 years)]. PMID- 1230321 TI - [Skin depigmentation caused by corticoids in Africans]. PMID- 1230322 TI - [The heart in severe chloroquine poisoning. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 1230323 TI - [Scabies. apropos of a current epidemic and its complications in Senegal]. PMID- 1230325 TI - [Apropos of the retinal palissade. Frequency and effect on retinal detachment]. PMID- 1230324 TI - [Treatment of thrombosis of the central retinal vein with urokinase. Complete cure]. PMID- 1230326 TI - [Orbital myositis]. PMID- 1230328 TI - [Epitheliopathy in plaques or acute segmented choriocapillaritis. Functional and prognostic data]. PMID- 1230327 TI - [Current therapeutic aspects of juvenile orbital rhabdomyosarcomas]. PMID- 1230329 TI - [Glioma of the optic chiasm. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 1230330 TI - [Colorimetry by flicker fusion]. PMID- 1230331 TI - [Attempt at standardizing the Farnsworth 100 Hue test presented under 2200 lux luminance]. PMID- 1230332 TI - [Clinical application of absolute macular spectral thresholds]. PMID- 1230333 TI - [Stage of advancement of a prototype anomaloscope for direct observation]. PMID- 1230334 TI - [Transcultural aspects of the clinical-psychiatric pictures of foreign workers (guest workers) and their significance for neurological practice]. AB - Referring to a previous clinical and sociopsychiatric investigation on 130 foreign workers, the transcultural psychiatric factors determining forms and contents were studied. It is stressed that remains of magic thinking and rigid tribe-centered sociocultural structures are the main factors, in addition to the beginning of the loosening of these structures accompanied by initial assimiltion of occidental ways of life in the homeland, and integrational crises through collision of Old and New after immigration. Atypical psychosis, outweighting affective and somatic factors, obliteration of the limits between classic etiological units, and the possibility of confounding magic contents with psychosis are illustrated by case histories. New criteria for diagnosis and therapy of foreign workers are suggested. PMID- 1230335 TI - [Bases or projection theory. I]. AB - In psycho(patho)logy the term "projection"marks both a series of characteristic phenomena and the model by which we interpret and explain them. The conglutination of describing and explaining may especially be observed in the psychoanalytic use of the notion. The present study does not perform a theory suspending phenomenological analysis but receives the model of projection as a given one explicating its implications. Part I discussess its historical suppositions, while the following part II will expose the implications concluded within the model of projection as such. The purpose is to comprehend the possibility of projecting (e.g. as a mechanism of defence) within the dialectics (respective ambiguity) of the human I-world-relations. PMID- 1230336 TI - Transformations of consciousness. A cartography. I. The perception-hallucination continuum. AB - Self-awareness emerges from the evolutionary transformation of material structures into magical, mythical and mental structures of consciousness. Western varieties of conscious states may be mapped on a perception-hallucination continuum of increasing ergotropic or hyper-arousal. These levels of subcortical arousal are cortically or cognitively interpreted as normal, creative, hyperhrenic, cataleptic and ecstatic states. During increasing hyper-arousal (characterized by EEG desynchronization): (1) the variability of the EEG amplitude decreases in introverts whereas in extroverts, it increases; (2) exteroception is transformed into an experience of interoception, while willed motor activity becomes increasingly impaired and ultimately inhibited, and (3) information processing during these hallucinatory states is preferentially shifted from the speech dominant and motor-coordinating or "major" toward the nonverbal, gestalt-perceiving, the non-dominant or "minor" cortical hemisphere. PMID- 1230337 TI - Induction of ovulation and pregnancy in captive cottontail rabbits by exogenous gonadotrophin treatment and artificial insemination. PMID- 1230338 TI - Microbiologic contamination of bovine semen. PMID- 1230339 TI - Editorial: Understanding developmental trauma: new roads and new vistas. PMID- 1230340 TI - Acute versus chronic acoustic deprivation: effects on auditory evoked potentials and seizures in mice. AB - C57BL/6J mice are not typically susceptible to audiogenic seizures, but temporary conductive hearing loss (via earplugging) can induce susceptibility in these subjects. The present study observed that a 40-dB hearing loss, beginning at 17 days postpartum, requires 2 days before it induces susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. When this hearing loss occurred only between 17 and 21 days postpartum, seizures were maximally severe 1-2 days after earplug removal. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) were also maximal at this same time. But mice deprived of acoustic input between ages 42-46 days exhibited equally large or even larger AEP amplitudes, while not exhibiting susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. Animals at this older age were shown to be capable of convulsing, in that chronic conductive loss from 17-42 days maintained susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. The acoustic deprivation produced both behavioral (audiogenic seizures) and neural (augmented AEP amplitudes) supersensensitivity to sound, but the former requires a critical period, whereas the latter does not. Some degree of residual hearing loss persisted at all ages for approximately 2 days after removal of the earplugs. PMID- 1230341 TI - Acquisition and retention of an avoidance response by rats of different ages. AB - Rats, 21, 120, and 480 days of age, were given acquisition training in a 1-way avoidance task and tested for retention of the response 1 and 30 days later. Whereas the 480-day-old rats showed poorer performance during acquisition, the 21 day-old rats showed the greatest impairment of long term retention. The results suggest that age differences in performance are due to intrinsic maturational processes. PMID- 1230342 TI - Neonatal locomotor and long-term behavioral effects of d-amphetamine in the rat. AB - Locomotor activity in the neonatal rat was found to increase from birth until the beginning of the 3rd week of life, at which time it peaked and then subsequently declined. Subcutaneous injections of both .25 and 2.0 mg/kg of d-amphetamine increased activity in rats 1-21 days of age, with the maximum effect observed at 4 days of age. No tolerance to d-amphetamine was observed after 6 daily injections beginning at 1, 7, or 14 days of age. The decline in the excitatory effects of the drug thus reflected maturational changes in response to it. Consistent with other observations from this laboratory, no persisting effects of the neonatal drug treatment was observed on adult 2-way avoidance learning. PMID- 1230343 TI - Prenatal maternal d-amphetamine effects on emotionality and audiogenic seizure susceptibility of rat offspring. AB - Dosages of 0, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight of d-amphetamine were injected subcutaneously to gravid albino rats during Days 5-9 or Days 12-16 of gestation. Offspring were assessed for water-wading emotionality and audiogenic-seizure behaviors. No significant differences among groups were found in defecation scores from either test. The only animals to exhibit a considerable incidence of wild-running attacks or seizures were these whose mothers had received the placebo early in pregnancy. These differences are in agreement with most findings that indicate an enhancement of immunity to audiogenic seizures susceptibility as a function of prior stress. Maternal administration of d-amphetamine during pregnancy apparently can produce offspring who have less susceptibility to severe emotional responses but no protection against mild expressions of emotionality. PMID- 1230344 TI - Defensive distance and immobility in young precocial birds (Gallus gallus). AB - The manifestation and duration of the tonic immobility reaction in 3-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus) was found to vary reliably as a function of the spatial proximity between the hand of the experimenter and the immobilized chick. The results of this experiment indicate that young birds are susceptible to immobility and that the maintenance of close spatial proximity is the condition necessary for the occurrence of the reaction in young precocial birds. PMID- 1230345 TI - Intrauterine fetal investigation. PMID- 1230348 TI - Relationship between pure schistosoma haematobium infection in Upper Egypt and irrigation systems. Part III: Host characteristics. The prevalence of S. haematobium in relation to religon, occupation, and habits. AB - Study of the effect of religion on the prevalence of S. haematobium infection revealed that ablution and other Muslims rituals do not represent an important factor in the prevalence of S. haematobium. Data concerning the effect of education on the prevalence of S. haematobium show that it has no significant role when similar age groups were compared. Farming was shown to be the occupation of leading importance with rest to exposure to S. haematobium infection, as farmers and farm labourer constitute a large sector of our rural population. Finishing, although forming a greater danger in this respect, is not a common occupation in the studied villages with the exception of El-Ghorayeb. The study showed that swimming in canal water is one of the most important activities causing infection with bilharziasis. PMID- 1230347 TI - Relationship between pure Schistosoma haematobium infection in Upper Egypt and irrigation systems. Part II: Host characteristics. The general prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, age and sex distribution. AB - The epidemiology of bilharziasis was studied in four villages in Assiut Governorate. These villages were almost similar with respect to their socioeconomic conditions, modes of living, availability and date of introduction of medical services. The first village, Gezirat El-Maabda, has a basin system of irrigation. The other three villages had shifted to the perennial system of irrigation for three years in Nazza Karrar, 26 years in El-Ghorayeb and 95 years in Garf Sarhan and were similar with respect to proximity to water courses. So the only variable of importance between the four villages was the mode of irrigation. Bilharziasis was diagnosed by detection of eggs in urine or faeces. A definitive relationship between the prevalence of S. haematobium infection and the type of irrigation system was further documented. A low prevalence was found in Gezirat El-Maabda (2.95%). In the other three villages a much higher prevalence existed (31.9%, 46.2% & 38.9% in Nazza Karar, El-Ghorayeb and Garf Sarhan respectively). The higher prevalence of S. haematobium in Nazza Karar (31.9%) only three years after introduction of perennial irrigation was a disappointing finding. It can be considered as an evidence against the elaborate measures and precautions planned and incompletely implemented before or after the establishment of Aswan High Dam. Not a single case of S. mansoni was encountered during this study. As regards the age and sex distribution of S. haematobium in the three villages irrigated perennially, a steep rise started at the age group 5 9 years reaching a peak at the age group 10-14 years. In Gezirat El-Maabda the peak was reached at later age (15-19 years). The cause of this difference was explained. Males showed a higher rate of infection than females in almost all age groups of the four village studied. PMID- 1230346 TI - Relationship between pure Schistosoma haematobium infection in Upper Egypt and irrigation systems. Part 1: methods of study. AB - Four villages in Assiut Governorate were studied. They were matched for availability and time of introduction of medical services, the size of population and the socioeconomic status. One village had a basin system of irrigation. The other three villages had perennial irrigation introduced at different dates. A sketch map of each village was made showing the location of every house and the irrigation channels. Total coverage was intended in Gezirat El-Maabda (with basin irrigation) and Nazza Karar (with perennial irrigation-recently introduced). In El-Ghorayeb and Garf Sarhan (with older systems of perennial irrigation) systematic random samples were studied. The Study included a full, double check clinical examination of urine and stools samples and a social study. Data about educational level and activities that bring the individual in contact with canal water were recorded. Tables showing the age and sex distribution of the total population and the population studied in each village are presented and show validity of the samples taken from the population. PMID- 1230349 TI - Calcium and phosphorus metabolic changes in children with hepatic bilharziasis. AB - Investigations were done to study the calcium and phosphorus metabolic changes in 35 children with hepatic bilharziasis, of whom 12 were ascitic. Thirteen normal children served as controls. Despite a normal serum level of both calcium and inorganic phosphate in the Bilharzial group, yet both were increased in urine. The mean values obtained from the ascitic fluid were 70% and 90.2% of their serum levels, respectively. The corrected creatinine clearance was significantly diminished, while PEI was significantly increased, and the % TRP significantly decreased, with still a more marked decrease in the ascitic cases. Following a phosphate lead the serum inorganic phosphate level showed a significantly more rapid lowering in both bilharzial groups, as compared to the control group. On the other hand bilharzial cases responded to the intravenous calcium load by a significant retention of calcium in the serum. PMID- 1230350 TI - A study of the absorptive function of the small intestine in childhood malignant lymphomas. AB - A study of the absorptive function of the small intestine in chidlhood malignant lymphomas was carried out at the Cancer Institute of Cairo University. The study comprised twenty-five children, with stage III or IV lymphoma. A complete lymphoma work-up was performed for each patient, comprising clinical, pathological, haematological, biochemical and roentgenological assessments. Evaluation of small intestinal function was done by means of mucosal biopsy, small bowel motor meal, xylose excretion test, and estimation of faecal fat excretion. These tests revealed evidence of malabsorption in 69% of the patients. The study provides a better understanding of childhood malignant lymphomas in Egypt, and shows that malabsorption may be more common in the disease than has been previously suspected. PMID- 1230351 TI - Intestinal mucosal changes in thalassaemia major. AB - Ten infants and children suffering from Thalassaemia major, proven by clinical, hematological and biochemical criteria, were subjected to intestinal biopsy. Specimens were studied for histological and histochemical patterns. The histological picture showed shortening and fusion of villi with cellular infiltration. Reduced mucopolysaccharides and relatively normal alkaline phosphatase activity were demonstrated. The degree of histological and histochemical changes correlates with the degree of anemia. The effects of these changes on the iron absorption and the tissue hemosiderosis are aroused. The possibility of these changes, being non-specific and secondary to anemia and tissue hypoxia is also postulated. PMID- 1230352 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in haemophiliacs. AB - The fibrinolytic activity was studied in 7 haemophiliacs, in comparison with 5 normals and 7 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, by determining the level of the fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) in samples obtained as sera, clotting occurring naturally, and samples obtained as plasma and converted into serum by addition of thrombin-EACA. It was found that in haemophiliacs serum samples had normal FDP levels while plasma converted to serum showed high levels. This was explained by the fibrinolytic action of thrombin. Fibrinolysis was not prevented by EACA present due to the fact that it is an inhibitor of the plasminogen system but not of thrombin. PMID- 1230354 TI - Study of red cell membrane lipids in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia. AB - Red cell membrane lipids and plasma lipids were studied in 20 patients with G.6.P.D. deficiency, during acute hemolysis and 45-60 days later-20 normal controls were similarly investigated. All lipids in G-6-P-D deficient cells were found to be diminished during the attack of hemolysis and to return back with the exception of lecithin to normal after recovery. Plasma cholesterol and phospholipids were markedly diminished during acute hemolysis, but slightly reduced on recovery. PMID- 1230353 TI - Red cell membrane lipids in thalassaemia. AB - Red cell and plasma lipids and their fractions were estimated in 20 cases of thalassaemia and 20 normal controls. In thalassaemia there was reduction in red cell lipids and their fractions, plasma lipids and their fractions, and derangement of liver functions. On the other hand, the intestinal fat absorption, morphology of intestinal mucosa and histochemical studies of fat absorption were normal. Hypolipidaemia may be possibly caused by deranged liver functions and is probably responsible for the diminution in erythrocyte lipids. A genetic factor producing reduction in red cell lipids may be also present. PMID- 1230355 TI - [Removal of small foreign bodies from the anterior mediastinum and the heart with the use of roentgentelevision]. PMID- 1230356 TI - ["Paravalvular" insufficiency after mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1230357 TI - [Clinico-statistical study of the results of mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1230358 TI - [Partial abnormal drainage of the left superior pulmonary vein into the abnormal vertical vein]. PMID- 1230359 TI - [Certain anatomical-functional basis for the selection of an approach and method of correction of heart defects with stenoses of the paths of the right ventricle outflow]. PMID- 1230360 TI - [Indications for mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1230361 TI - [Lymphatic system of the heart under pathological and experimental conditions]. PMID- 1230362 TI - [Plastic operations on the bronchi]. PMID- 1230363 TI - [Analysis of remote results of lung resection in chronic nonspecific suppurative diseases]. PMID- 1230364 TI - [Lung resection in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1230365 TI - [Roentgenodiagnosis and roentgenosemiotics of early changes in the operated-on lung and pleural cavity after lung resection in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1230366 TI - [Surgical correction of mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 1230367 TI - [Bronchoscopy in the surgery of suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 1230368 TI - [Effect of circulating blood volume deficiency on the circulatory function in intrathoracic operations]. PMID- 1230370 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal neoplasms]. PMID- 1230369 TI - [Correction of volemic disorders in patients with suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 1230371 TI - [Combined injury of the thoracic aorta and the lymphatic duct]. PMID- 1230372 TI - [Circular resection of the pulmonary artery during removal of the upper lobe of the left lung]. PMID- 1230374 TI - [Prevention and treatment of empyema after lung resection]. PMID- 1230373 TI - [Emergency subtotal pericardectomy in a patient with acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1230375 TI - [Pleurectomy in suppurative pleurisy]. PMID- 1230376 TI - [Case of malignization of dermoid cyst of the lung]. PMID- 1230377 TI - [Syndrome of expiratory stenosis as the cause of acute postoperative respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1230378 TI - [Case of surgical treatment of giant tumors of the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 1230379 TI - [Giant lymphoepithelial tumor of the thymus gland in a child]. PMID- 1230380 TI - [Dysembryonic cyst of the diaphragm]. PMID- 1230381 TI - [Prognosis of suppurative complications in operations with artificial circulation]. PMID- 1230382 TI - [Importance of the later-by-layer method of study in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery thromboembolism]. PMID- 1230383 TI - [Dynamic study of the liver using a rheographic method in mitral stenosis patients before and after correction of the defect]. PMID- 1230384 TI - [Bronchial secretion immunoglobulins in bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 1230385 TI - [Repeated thoracotomy in clotting hemothorax after lung resections]. PMID- 1230386 TI - [Vasomotor reactions of the body and their sequelae in various methods of artificial circulation (a clinical and experimental study)]. PMID- 1230387 TI - [Effect of non-inhalation anesthetics (barbiturates, ketamine) on respiratory mechanics during basal anesthesia]. PMID- 1230388 TI - [Conservative treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus]. PMID- 1230389 TI - [Esophagocardioplasty in functional cardial obstruction (a clinical and experimental study)]. PMID- 1230390 TI - [Congenital absence of the pericardium in combination with a developmental defect of the lung]. PMID- 1230391 TI - [Supernumerary tracheal bronchus]. PMID- 1230392 TI - [Fibrinous bronchitis]. PMID- 1230393 TI - [Fibrinous bronchitis]. PMID- 1230394 TI - [Removal of a foreign body from the bronchi of the sole lung]. PMID- 1230395 TI - Auto-hypnosis in haemophilia. AB - A pilot study to determine the use of adjunctive trance therapy in the treatment of haemophiliacs has been carried out. Over a period of forty months, twenty randomly selected males were assigned to a control and an experimental group. All received due haematologic care. The ten patients in the experimental group utilized medical hypnosis as well, in group suggestive sessions to train and sustain them, but primarily in self-induced trance states. Results were compared at intervals on the basis of the amount of transfused blood and blood products. This provided an objective measure of the efficacy of trance therapy. Statistical analysis of the data confirmed the clinical observation of a greater improvement among patients in the experimental group. PMID- 1230396 TI - Platelet inhibition of human lymphocyte PHA-induced blastoid transformation. AB - The reduced PHA responsiveness of human lymphocytes obtained from heparinized as compared to defibrinated blood has been shown to be due to platelet contamination in the former. Inhibition of blastoid transformation and lymphocyte death is directly related to the number of platelets added to a culture. Divalent ions partially reduce this platelet inhibitor phenomenon but do not block if completely. The "toxic" platelet components appear to be localized in the membranes and particulate matter after homogenization and hard centrifugation. Comparative studies of PHA transformation must control platelet contamination of the cultures in order to avoid severe difficulties of interpretation. PMID- 1230397 TI - Rosette formation in acute lymphoid leukaemia. AB - The capacity of leukaemic lymphoblasts and remission lymphocytes, obtained from 40 children with acute lymphoid leukaemia, to form sheep red blood cell rosettes was investigated. Lymphoblasts isolated from the peripheral blood of the patients prior to antileukaemic treatment showed greatly reduced numbers of rosette forming cells as compared to controls (4.6% vs. 27.5%). The ratio of rosette forming cells during intensive induction chemotherapy was still significantly lower than the control value (15.7%), while after the achievement of complete remission the number of RFC approximated the normal value (22.5%). The presence of leukaemic serum had no significant effect on the number of RFC. PMID- 1230398 TI - Detection in serum of antilymphocyte-globulin administered in form of eye-drops. AB - Rosette inhibition tests indicated that similarly as in previous animal experiments, anti-human lymphocyte horse globulin (AHLG) administered in the form of eye-drops entered the systemic blood circulation in man. In the eye into which the AHLG is administered, it is expected to exert a local immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 1230399 TI - Immunization against avian proteins. AB - A study of sera of pigeon breeders showed a higher ratio of antibodies with an anti-P1 specificity in those who show clinical signs of allergic origin. By absorption of anti-P1 antibodies it was revealed that there exist in the cells, serum and excrement of pigeons, substances with antigenic properties similar to those of human P1 antigen. Pigeon breeders, and particularly those who show clinical signs of allergy, possess also other antibodies which precipitate specific antigens of pigeon serum. PMID- 1230400 TI - Erythropoiesis inhibitor in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis. AB - The studies dealt with the effect of plasma of a patient with congenital haemolytic anaemia on the erythropoiesis in mice. The materials included the plasma from the patient before and after splenctomy and the spleen homogenate and the spleen subcellular fractions. The effect of the materials was evaluated with the amount of the 59Fe taken up by the erythrocytes of the mice. The erythropoiesis was found to be inhibited by the plasma before splenectomy and by the spleen homogenate and its subcellular fractions. The inhibition was the highest in cases when the mice was given the spleen homogenates previously incubated with plasma of healthy persons. PMID- 1230401 TI - Renal function in polycythaemia. AB - In 23 patients with polycythaemia vera and symptomatic erythrocytosis, glomerular filtration rate and urine concentration ability see article were determined under conditions of antidiuresis. The restriction of fluid intake caused a significant reduction of GFR and modified the osmotic function of the kidneys. The results were similar in both types of polycythaemia. PMID- 1230402 TI - Iron metabolism in polycythaemia rubra vera and secondary polycythaemia. AB - Serum iron concentration, serum iron binding capacity and saturation coefficient were assayed in polycythaemia rubra vera and secondary polyglobulia. In the exacerbation stage of polycythaemia rubra, significantly lower Se Fe and SC values were found while in the remission stage and in secondary polyglobulias these values did not differ from those of the normal control. PMID- 1230403 TI - Blood volume changes in "hypersplenic" rats. AB - Blood volume in "hypersplenic" and normal rats was assessed by a simultaneous measurement of erythrocyte and plasma volumes by means of 59Fe-labelled erythrocytes and 131I-labelled human serum albumin, respectively. The "hypersplenic" condition was induced by prolonged intraperitoneal application of methylcellulose. Mean blood volume in normal rats was 6.3 ml/100 g body weight, the venous haematocrit being 48%. Mean blood volume in "hypersplenic" rats was 7.5 ml/100 g body weight, and the venous haematocrit lower by 22% than in normal animals. Compared with normal animals, the erythrocyte volume in "hypersplenic" rats was lower by 15% only. Plasma volume in "hypersplenic" rats exceeded the compensation in response to the reduction in erythrocyte mass. In addition to haemolysis, haemodilution due to plasma expansion seemed to be responsible for the anaemia in "hypersplenic" rats. PMID- 1230404 TI - The fine structure of haemopoiesis in the human fetal liver. II. Origin and differentiation of the megakaryocyte. AB - The differentiation of the megakaryocyte was studied at the ultrastructural level in the liver of human fetuses of between 49 and 134 mm crown-rump length. The development of the cells was traced from lymphoid elements with the features of haemopoietic stem cells and was divided on the basis of nuclear morphology into three stages. Granule formation commenced during the first stage and demarcation membrances could be demonstrated in the perinuclear cytoplasm early in the second stage. Late stage 2 cells often contained more than one nucleus, and the possibility that this was due to cellular fusion is discussed. The third stage was characterized by the appearance of cytoplasmic zoning and by the gradual extension of the demarcation system throughout the cytoplasm. There was evidence that the demarcation membrances were initially formed directly from the Golgi apparatus, but that their further development was due to the incorporation of elements of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum. The surface projections associated with platelet release were observed only in fully developed cells, and the formation of a zone of clear cytoplasm at the periphery was related to events occurring during the later stages of platelet release. PMID- 1230405 TI - Synchronization of rabbit bone-marrow cells in vivo. AB - The recovery of the rabbit bone-marrow from anaemia was investigated during an eight-day period of daily punctures of the tibiae after six days of phenylhydrazine treatment. A maximum of erythroid (range, 37.1 to 44.0%) and a minimum of leukoid cells (range, 8.4 to 13.4%) was observed on the fifth day of recovery. The rest, about 50% cells were reticulum cells. Signs of recovery were observed in peripheral blood as soon as on the first day after phenylhydrazine treatment. This led to the assumption that the tibiae became repopulated with active erythropoietic cells during anaemia, and that the reticulum cells might play a role as erythroid precursors in this process. PMID- 1230406 TI - [Ultrastructural cytochemistry of peroxidase and acid phosphat in mouse eosinophils]. AB - The distribution of peroxidase and acid phosphatase activity in the bone marrow of mouse eosinophils was investigated by electron microscopy. Peroxidase activity was found in the perinuclear space, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, non-mature and mature specific crystal-containing granules. In the course of development peroxidase activity disappears from the cisternal system. In mature eosinophils the enzyme is stored in specific granules, but some of these failed to reveal peroxidase activity. A hypothesis is offered concerning the complete condensation into crystal of the enzyme. In cells incubated in peroxidefree media some granular components stained weakly. Their activity probably depended on the presence of endogenous non-organic peroxidase. In developing eosinophils acid phosphatase was found in the Golgi complex and in non-mature specific granules. In the course of development, acid phosphatase disappears from the granules. PMID- 1230407 TI - [Ultrastructural cytochemistry of peroxidase in mouse neutrophils]. AB - The distribution of peroxidase activity of developing neutrophils in mice was investigated by electron microscopy. The enzyme was found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex and azurophilic granules. The heterogeneity of azurophilic granules and their endogenous non-organic peroxide content are discussed. PMID- 1230408 TI - [A kinetic model of experimental leukosis. Regularities in the development of reticulosarcomatosis in mice]. AB - The kinetics of development of a new transplantable reticulosarcomatosis was studied in CC57Br mice.. Tumour development was estimated from changes in the weight of metaplastic organs by means of kinetic curves constructed on the basis of changes of all parameters characterized by exponential and power functions. The kinetic model of reticulosarcomatosis is recommended for use in quantitative research in experimental oncology. PMID- 1230409 TI - Lack of immune tolerance to hepatitis B antigen in offsprings of guinea pigs injected with HB ag during pregnancy. AB - Immune tolerance to hepatitis B antigen has been examined in the guinea pig. The offsprings of guinea pigs injected with purified HB Ag during pregnancy were found capable of producing HB antibodies. Purified HB Ag is suitable for producing immune serum for the systemic screening of blood donors for HB Ag. PMID- 1230410 TI - Tissue antigens and cytotoxic antibodies in polycythaemia rubra vera. AB - The distribution of tissue antigens for 22 antigens was studied in 46 patients suffering from polcythaemia rubra vera (PRV), using antibody containing sera from 80 multigravidae. The incidence of HL-A5 was significant higher and that of HL-A7 significant, while the frequency of HL-A13 was remarkably lower than in the normal population. No antibodies against erythrocytes, thrombocytes or lymphocytotoxic ones could be demonstrated. PMID- 1230411 TI - [Diffuse congenital goitre of the thyroid in the kid]. AB - The macroscopic and histological appearance is described of diffuse congenital goitre found in two twin kids which were born alive but soon died. The changes described appear to represent an intermediate stage between parenchymatous goitre and colloid goitre, with the latter predominating. Morphological and functional explanations are suggested for the changes observed, with reference to the features of importance in comparative pathology. PMID- 1230412 TI - [New surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis in the dog]. AB - Laryngeal paralysis is reported in 2 dogs which showed symptoms of dispnoea at rest, and also choking and vomiting after short exercise. Surgical removal of the mucosa of the lateral ventricles resulted in restoration of normal function and resumption of the animals' normal activities. PMID- 1230413 TI - [Fourth dimension and vital phenomena: chronobiology]. PMID- 1230414 TI - [Clinical aspects of demodectic mange in the hamster]. PMID- 1230415 TI - [The surgical treatment of intra-nasal tumours in the dog]. AB - This paper describes the surgical treatment of fourteen dogs with intranasal neoplasms. Affected dogs were from ten breeds and their average age was eight years. Clinical signs included unilateral nasal discharge epistaxis and sneezing; later there was deformity of the face and/or palate. Diagnosis of intra-nasal tumour was made by radiological examination and by exploratory rhinotomy. Surgical excision of the tumour mass was attempted in all cases. Histological examination of resected nasal tissue revealed five carcinomas, six sarcomas and three examples of benign polypoid hyperplasia of the nasal mucosa. The average post-operative survival time was 11 months with a range from two weeks to four years. PMID- 1230416 TI - [Quantity and frequency of pesticides in forage and animal foodstuffs in use in Italy]. AB - The results of analytical investigations on pesticide residues in the forages and foodstuffs most commonly used in Italy are described. Examination of 9,056 samples, selected at random during the period spring 1970 to autumn 1974, showed that 17 pesticide residues could be identified by the gas chromatographic technique employed and described, with quite significant mean total concentrations. These residues, although not reaching levels to cause problems of acute toxicity, can upset the symbiosis balance in the alimentary tract and reduce the economic results from farm animals. PMID- 1230417 TI - [Biological membrane structure and function: relationship to senescence, stress and pathogenicity]. PMID- 1230418 TI - Effective stimulus cue in the Matatabi response behavior of the cat. PMID- 1230419 TI - Association of eyelids with the control system of eye movements. PMID- 1230420 TI - Electrical response of the isolated seminal vesicle to hypogastric nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig. PMID- 1230421 TI - Proceedings: Analysis of androgens in biological fluids by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. PMID- 1230422 TI - Proceedings: Plasma androgen levels and their origin in men and in postmenopausal women. PMID- 1230423 TI - Studies on prolactin in human serum, urine and milk. AB - Prolactin activity was measured in serum, urine and milk using a specific human prolactin radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum, urine and milk were parallel with the human prolactin standard in the RIA. There was no correlation between serum prolactin levels and urinary prolactin activity. Dialysis of urine samples resulted in complete loss of human prolactin activity while the addition of human prolactin to the urine resulted in the recovery of over 50% of the hormone after dialysis. Thus it was concluded that prolactin is not present in urine. In additional experiments it was observed that the RIA prolactin activity in urine was significantly correlated with the osmolality of the urine and that Na+ and K+ were contributory elements. On the other hand, prolactin was found in human milk and correlated well with the expected serum levels of this hormone. This latter finding is interesting because prolactin receptors have been shown to exist on the serosal side of the mammary epithelial cells. The presence of prolactin in milk suggests the possibility of other sites of action for this hormone in addition to the cell membrane. PMID- 1230424 TI - Steroid biosynthetic potential of gynaecomastic tissue in man. AB - In vitro transformation of precursors to androgens and oestrogens was studied in breast tissues from 7 phenotypic males with gynaecomastia and 3 normal females. All the tissues studied showed formation of dihydrotestosterone and oestrogens, thus demonstrating the presence of 5alpha-reductase and aromatizing enzymes. The results on the values of urinary oestrogens before and after surgical removal of the breast tissue substantiate the biosynthetic potential of gynaecomastic tissue. The aetiological significance of these findings vis-a-vis gynaecomastia is discussed. PMID- 1230426 TI - Melatonin inhibition of pineal antigonadotrophic activity in male rats. AB - The influence of subcutaneous implants of melatonin on reproductive organ growth in neonatally testosterone propionate-(TP)-treated, blinded rats was investigated. The testes and accessory sex organs of rats that were TP-treated and blinded grew significantly slower than those of intact control rats. Either treatment of animals with melatonin or pinealectomy partially restored growth of the reproductive organs. In that the effects of melatonin treatment were similar to those of pinealectomy in this experiment model, it is speculated that melatonin may not be the principal pineal antigonadotrophic substance in the male rat. PMID- 1230425 TI - Prolactin-releasing activity of arginine vasotocin in vitro. AB - A significant elevation in both luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin release was observed in the culture medium of hemipituitaries from castrated estrogen progesterone (EP) primed female rats incubated for 5 h with arginine vasotocin (AVT) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) compared to corresponding halves incubated with LRH alone. However, AVT alone did not significantly alter the discharge of LH or prolactin from hemipituitaries of EP-treated rats in vitro. Arginine vasopressin, a natural analogue of AVT, inhibited prolactin release using this same model system. Normal male rat hemipituitaries incubated with AVT released significantly more LH and prolactin into the culture medium than did their corresponding halves. A log-dose response curve indicated that any dose from 100 ng to 10 mug AVT significantly promoted prolactin release. However, the terminal tripeptide of AVT, Pro-Arg-Gly(NH2), failed to modify the discharge of LH or prolactin into the culture medium. PMID- 1230427 TI - Avian postovulatory follicle homogenate effect on the genital tract motility. AB - The recently ruptured follicles of the avian ovaries were found to contain an oxytocic substance. The substance was found to be heat-labile, nondialyzable and not extractable by lipid solvents. The crude homogenate stimulated the frequency and amplitude of the chicken infundibulum, uterus and uterovaginal junction, if they were taken from hens 2 h before predicted oviposition. The homogenate was found to induce premature oviposition and to stimulate the uterine contractions of rats treated with progesterone. Uterine tissues taken from estrogen-treated rats either did not respond to the homogenate or were inhibited. Addition of phenoxybenzamine or propanolol did not inhibit the stimulatory effect of the homogenate. It is possible that this factor might be involved in regulating oviposition in the hen. PMID- 1230428 TI - Metabolism of oestradiol-17beta by intestinal bacteria in rats. AB - In vitro experiments were carried out in which [4-14C]oestradiol-17beta was incubated with a culture from caecal content from adult male rats at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Oestrone was identified as the only certain metabolite. Other metabolites, if present, were quantitatively unimportant. The conversion of oestradiol-17beta to oestrone was estimated to be 22-42%. PMID- 1230429 TI - Hormonal influence on testicular lipids. AB - The effects of progesterone and progesterone plus oestrogen (PPO) on testicular lipids of adult rats were studied. Treatment with progesterone over 7 days did not alter significantly the total lipids, cholesterol, glycerides and phospholipids. However, PPO administration brought about a significant elevation in total lipids, mainly contributed by the increase in triglycerides. The phospholipids and total cholesterol were not markedly affected by PPO treatment, but the individual classes of phospholipids showed marked alterations in their pattern of distribution. The esterified and free cholesterol fractions were found to be significantly altered by both the treatments. Progesterone appears to favour ester cholesterol accumulation by depleting the available free cholesterol. Oestrogen seems to increase the glycerides and change the concentration of phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine when administered with progesterone. PMID- 1230430 TI - Spontaneous development of moral concepts. PMID- 1230431 TI - Response of malaria vectors to insecticides in South Gujarat. PMID- 1230432 TI - A study of fly density & meteorological factors in occurrence of diarrhoea in a rural area. PMID- 1230433 TI - Climate and conception rates in Panjab, India. PMID- 1230434 TI - A study of plague epidemic in West Bengal. I. Human plague and rodent infection and result of control and Surveillance operation (1948-1971). PMID- 1230435 TI - Editorial: Surveillance. PMID- 1230436 TI - Introduction to the theme: the political economy of health. PMID- 1230437 TI - Hypertension as a disease of modern society. AB - About 50 per cent of people in modern societies have blood pressure sufficiently elevated to result in increased mortality. This proportion is much smaller in undisrupted societies of hunter-gatherers. In most cases the elevated blood pressure in modern societies is associated with physiological changes characteristic of chronic stress. The difference between blood pressure in modern populations and that in undisrupted hunter-gatherer societies cannot be accounted for by genetic differences or differences in salt consumption. Two primary features of modern society which contribute to the elevation of blood pressure are community disruption and increased work pressure. Drug therapy and relaxation therapies for hypertension attempt to counteract the physiological effects of social stress. However, it is more appropriate to use the occurrence of hypertension as an indicator of fundamental social problems which need to be solved. PMID- 1230438 TI - On the structural constraints to state intervention in health. AB - This paper explores the general structural constraints which are imposed upon all states in capitalist societies in their problem-solving endeavor relative to health. The general argument is that capitalist industrial growth both creates specific health needs and institutionalizes solutions to these needs that are compatible with capital accumulation. The key mechanism in this institutionalization is the engineering model of modern scientific medicine, which transforms health needs into commodities for a specific economic market. When the state intervenes to cope with some health-related problems, it is bound to act so as to further commodify health needs, and without ameliorating the health status of the population. PMID- 1230439 TI - The political context of health service regulation. AB - Can regulation work in health services, given the present political context? General issues in the regulatory process are discussed, followed by a consideration of the relevance of these issues to the health care field. Regulatory processes are reviewed for the United States in four areas: credentialling of people, surveillance of delivery systems, quality of materials and technology, and rate-setting or cost control. It is concluded that the process cannot work. Four alternatives are presented and briefly evaluated: tinkering, centralized regulation, national health service, and general nationalization of most major economic sectors. PMID- 1230440 TI - The health maintenance organization strategy: a corporate takeover of health services delivery. AB - This paper presents a political economic framework for viewing the social organization of the delivery of health care servies and predicting a qualitatively different institutional configuration involving the health maintenance organization. The principal forces impacting American capitalism today are leading to a fundamental restructuring for increased social efficiency of the entire social welfare sector, including the health services industry. The method to achieve this restructuring involves health policy directed at raising the contribution to the social surplus from the delivery of health care services and eventual corporate domination. The health maintenance organization conceptualization is examined with suggestions as to how the HMO strategy promoted by the state leads to this corporate takeover. The mechanism and extent of the present corporate involvement are examined and implications of health services as a social control mechanism are presented. PMID- 1230441 TI - The social nature of the definition problem in health. AB - In this article it is argued that through the adoption of the appropriate theoretical approach and the derivation of suitable analytical categories, the definition problem in health can be seen as operational, nontrivial, and highly problematic to the determination of health care policy. Specifically, an attempt is made to isolate the social basis of the definition of health. Part one develops that theoretical approach to the problem. First, notions of health are traced paradigmatically, then a historical materialist approach is employed to develop the social basis of an operational, contemporary definition of health. This definition is then compared with other existing definitions, and part one concludes with a discussion of the possibilities of a normative definition. Part two applies the new definition by reinterpreting parts of the history of public health and medicine, and concludes with a discussion of how this definition is highly problematic to the major structural reforms currently under way in the American health care system. PMID- 1230442 TI - A local maternity care system in South West England under review. AB - Since the Cranbrook Report in 1959 there has been a steady increase in the proportion of institutional confinements in England and Wales and a steady decrease in perinatal mortality. This association should not be regarded as evidence of cause and effect nor as justification for continuing the Cranbrook policies for the provision of maternity care throughout the 1970s. Due weight must be given to other factors, including improvements in the general health and education of the population and advances in standards of medical care affecting all parts of the maternity services. The present study examines current performance of a local maternity care system and analyzes some 3700 confinements which took place in a Health Care District (formerly a Hospital Management Committee area) in South West England during 1970. The local resources consisted of a consultant obstetric unit, a Special Care Baby Unit, five general practitioner units and the associated medical and nursing staff, and two Local Authority domiciliary midwife services. An expectant mother may call upon a variety of resources in pregnancy, during delivery, and in the puerperium. The concept is developed of the "stream" of care received by the mother and the case histories are analyzed in these terms. The deliveries are classified in terms of nonintervention and intervention at delivery. Perinatal mortality is not in itself an adequate measure of the overall performance of a local maternity care system so other performance indices are used. These are based upon the extent to which the resources available diverge between booking and actual usage. Results obtained indicate that existing policies may be less than optimal and alternatives ought to be considered. PMID- 1230443 TI - The minimization of travel effort as a delineating influence for urban hospital service areas. AB - Using a study population of 16,080 live births occurring to residents of Baltimore City in 16 hospitals in 1969, this research measured the existing flow of these patients against the flow "expected" in an optimal accessibility model (where each birth would occur at the hospital with the shortest travel time to the residence of the mother). The results of the study indicate that there is a general pattern of distance minimizing in travel for hospital admission with 50 per cent of the births occurring to women who travelled to one of the four closest hospitals of the 16 alternatives. However, a surprisingly large proportion (20 per cent) of the study population exhibited extreme spatial inefficiency by traveling to those four hospitals of the 16 alternatives which were farthest from their residence. A stepwise regression analysis identified five variables which best explained variation in the spatial efficiency of these urban obstetrical patients: low hospital occupancy, high total hospital admissions, average extra travel time potential (a measure of the difficulty of "spatial choices" facing patients depending upon the location of their residence with respect to the alternative hospitals), race, and the importance of the hospital's obstetrical service (a ratio of births to total admissions). PMID- 1230444 TI - Management of the borderline patient on a medical or surgical ward: the psychiatric consultant's role. AB - The patient with borderline personality hospitalized on a medical or surgical ward has a disorganizing effect on the house staff, who may regress in response to the patient's impulsivity, dependency, entitlement, and rage. The psychiatric consultant's role in the management of such a patient should consist of a specialized type of consultee-oriented approach in which countertransference hatred and fear, typically generated in the staff by the borderline, are drawn away from the patient and strategically metabolized within the staff-consultant relationship. The consultant should actively promote a behavioral management practicum, placed in the medical chart for reference and as a symbol of the psychiatrist's helping presence, which discusses: a) clear communication with the patient and among staff, b) understanding the patient's need for constant personnel, c) dealing with the patient's entitlement without confronting the patient's needed defenses, and d) setting firm limits on the patient's dependency, manipulativeness, rage, and self-destructive behaviors. The consultant should work to counteract feelings of helplessness in the staff, to neutralize punitive superego in the staff, and to diminish fearfulness toward the patient. PMID- 1230445 TI - Brief group therapy following myocardial infarction: eighteen-month follow-up of a controlled trial. AB - Sixty post-myocardial infarction (MI) subjects have been followed for up to eighteen months' time following their MI. Thirty-eight of these subjects completed a brief series of four to six group therapy sessions during their early rehabilitation phase; the others received no group therapy. Both groups were placed on otherwise identical schedules of outpatient follow-up. Group therapy patients have, to date, experienced significantly fewer cardiac complications than controls. Only one death has occurred, and that one patient was in the control group. A coronary heart disease teaching evaluation questionnaire was given to a sample of group therapy patients, a sample of controls, and a comparison group of men without MI. Following their group therapy sessions, these men demonstrated significantly greater knowledge of their disease and its optimal rehabilitation than did control or comparison subjects. Control patients' questionnaire results proved to be insignificantly different from those of the comparison group. PMID- 1230446 TI - Studies of superobesity: I. Psychological characteristics of superobese patients. AB - Close study of twelve superobese women revealed the following principal characteristics. None had a serious psychiatric illness, but most showed moderate personality disturbances with predominant passive-aggressive traits. Depressive features, though common, were not severe. Food typically had been used to allay feelings of emotional deprivation present since early childhood and historically associated with the unstable marriages of these patients' parents. The label "oral character" is not sufficient to provide even a capsule description; stubbornness, defiance, needs for autonomy and wariness of entangling relationships as well as conflicts over exhibitionism also were prominent. These characteristics contribute to the traditional reputation of the obese as "difficult" patients and deserve greater attention to help improve the effectiveness both of standard medical management and of psychotherapy. PMID- 1230447 TI - The doctor's wife: mental illness and marital pattern. AB - It is a clinical impression that physicians' wives present in disproportionately large numbers as psychiatric patients; that in the vast majority severe marital problems are present; and that the marital relationships show a similar pattern. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether the latter two impressions have any basis in fact. Accordingly, a random sample of twenty physicians' wives who had been in-patients in the University of British Columbia Health Sciences Centre Hospital during the period March 1, 1969 to May 31, 1973, and whose husbands had been interviewed, was selected. The records were reviewed to obtain personal data, pertinent psychiatric history, diagnosis, the personality of husband and wife and information on the marital relationship. These conclusions emerged: 1. Ninety per cent of the patients had a primary diagnosis of depressive neurosis. 2. Ninety-five per cent of the patients had a secondary diagnosis of personality disorder, hysterical personality and passive-aggressive personality in order of frequency. 3. In 90 per cent of the patients there was a history of suicidal preoccupation or attempt. 4. In 55 per cent of the patients there was a history of significant drug and/or alcohol abuse. 5. The patients were more frequently ward management problems. 6. A common marital pattern was noted: a dependent, histrionic wife and an emotionally detached husband. 7. The cases were characterized by their complexity, severity, long duration and difficulties involving the patient and spouse in an appropriate treatment plan. The authors discuss the implications of this study, particularly its significance in provoking examination of what measures might be utilized for early detection and intervention with those physicians and physician-marriages at risk. PMID- 1230448 TI - Unified health services and family-focused primary care. AB - Unified health and primary care services must focus on family health and the family as the clinical unit. Understanding the family as the basic social system and assessing its functioning from the standpoints of evolutionary family tasks, family health behavior and family coping capacities are as important as is knowledge of body systems and their functional evaluation, and of social and ecological systems which also can be pathogenic for individuals or families. The concept of psychosomatic medicine must include familio-somatic and somato familial medicine. Families are involved in the pathogenicity of some diseases and psychiatric disorders, and in the treatment and management of all chronic disease. Coping with dying patients and mourning are also basic family tasks. Only unified clinical services, whether hospitals or health stations, can render realistic care and relate to the many relevant systems in the community, beginning with the patient's family. Clinicians must evaluate these systems as to their wholesome or unwholesome impact on a particular health issue or problem, seeking corrective as well as preventive measures. PMID- 1230449 TI - The meaning of heart-valve surgery to the patient. AB - Observations are presented about patients' psychological reactions to the experience of having a heart valve replaced or repaired. The importance of the patient's conceptualization of the cardiac valve and the surgical procedure is discussed. By understanding what such a procedure may mean to the patient, the medical staff can help make a terrifying experience more bearable. PMID- 1230450 TI - Diagnostic errors in emergency room medicine: physical illness in patients labeled "psychiatric" and vice versa. AB - Patients coming to general hospital emergency rooms often present mixed physical and psychological problems. An unfortunate tendency of physicians caring for these patients to "label" them as either "organic" or "psychiatric," based on initial impressions, may lead to inadequate diagnosis and improper treatment. Four case examples are discussed, in which diagnostic errors resulted either from ignoring psychological and social factors, or by focusing on emotional factors to the exclusion of organic disease. The provision of quality medical care in a hospital emergency room requires that attention be directed coordinately to both physical and emotional factors in each patient's illness. PMID- 1230451 TI - Theme-focused group therapy on a pediatric ward. AB - Hospitalization for children may be a traumatic experience which can result in varying degrees of depression and anxiety. To help children deal with their negative reactions to illness and hospitalization the departments of psychiatry and pediatrics at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York introduced a program of theme-focused group sessions for pediatric patients. The group concerned itself with issues of the hospital experience including 1) lack of, or distortion of, factual information, and 2) fantasies, fears and anxieties related to hospitalization. The group also served as a diagnostic tool by allowing the observation of children's reactions to their hospitalization; as an educational experience for non-psychiatric hospital personnel to learn about children's development and psychological functioning; and to reduce the anxiety level of the children, lessen hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and resistance to hospital procedures. PMID- 1230452 TI - A woman with dermatitis and dissociative periods. AB - A nineteen year old female with pustular eczema and dissociative spells is presented. The patient has a three year history of severe dermatitis beginning shortly after her marriage. Central dynamic issues appear to be difficulty separating from her mother and an ambivalent identification with a hostile father. The patient also describes fugue-like episodes which occur with emerging aggressive feelings. Psychological testing supported these hypotheses. The relevant literature describing the correlation between aggression and skin disease is reviewed. A final uniform formulation was tentatively proposed that this patient, in addition to a strong genetic component for atopic dermatitis, had her illness abetted by inability to cope with aggressive affects. PMID- 1230453 TI - Reluctance to accept life-saving treatment. AB - The patient is a twenty-three-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease who has major conflicts about receiving maintenance hemodialytic treatment. These conflicts stem in part from the patient's hospitalization at the age of seven and the witnessing of heroic medical procedures used in an attempt to treat his father's eventually successful suicide. His unconscious doubts of his manliness result in a pseudoindependent behavior and a pose of hypermasculinity which induce a rejection of passivity and the dependent position necessitated by being a patient on hemodialysis. Rejection of hemodialysis may be a conscious or unconscious suicide attempt. In this patient, it may be a consequence of guilt in relation to his father's death and of other psycho-social factors. Effective treatment for this patient should include allowing him to exercise his independence in as many ways as is possible. Home dialysis and renal transplantation lend themselves to greater feelings of independence and may be preferable to center hemodialysis in this patient. The feelings surrounding the death of his father should be explored with a liaison physician or psychiatrist. PMID- 1230454 TI - Revision of estimates of the molecular weights of tobravirus coat proteins. AB - The molecular weights of proteins from several tobacco rattle viruses (or tobraviruses) have been determined by electrophoresis with 'marker' proteins in acrylamide gels of different strengths. Plotting KR, a measure of the effect of varying the gel strength, against molecular weight gave a value of 23,000 +/- 2,800 for tobacco rattle virus (TRV) strain CAM and similar values for other strains of TRV and pea early-browning virus. A value of 21,700 +/- 700 was obtained for TRV strain PRN by sedimentation to equilibrium in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. These estimates are similar to those made by a statistical reappraisal of published data on amino acid composition, and a value of about 22,000 is proposed for TRV coat proteins. PMID- 1230455 TI - Forecasting patient tray census for hospital food service. AB - Five computerized forecasting models were tested with data on daily patient tray demand in a large medical center food service, and results were compared with intuitive forecasts made by the food service supervisor. All five models gave more accurate results than the intuitive procedure; an adaptive exponential smoothing model was most accurate. The effects of model complexity and data storage requirements are discussed, and simple exponential smoothing is suggested for forecasting patient tray demand in this setting. PMID- 1230456 TI - Effect of carbohydrates on the growth of D-glucosamine-requiring mutant cells of Chinese hamster lung cells. PMID- 1230457 TI - On putrefactions and floatations of dead bodies under water. PMID- 1230459 TI - Bacteriocinogeny in the genus Lactobacillus. PMID- 1230458 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the acute phase of Masugi's nephritis induced in the rat by rabbit anti-rat kidney serum]. PMID- 1230460 TI - A fetopathological study of female pseudohermaphroditism. Report of four autopsy cases. PMID- 1230461 TI - A glucosamine-requiring mutant of Chinese hamster lung cells. PMID- 1230462 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with D penicillamine]. PMID- 1230463 TI - [Recent chemical developments in the field of non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 1230464 TI - [Bradycardia induced by immersion]. PMID- 1230465 TI - [The place of physical therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1230466 TI - [Functional rehabilitation of osteoarthritis of knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230467 TI - [Cervical radiobiometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230468 TI - [Presentation of an apparatus which measures tension of the muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230469 TI - [Shoulder-girdle amyotrophy (Parsonage and Turner syndrom). Clinical and electromyographical study of 15 cases(author's transl)]. PMID- 1230470 TI - [Study of blood, liver and surrenal functions by action of pulsed short wave diathermy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230471 TI - [Therapeutic effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic waves (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230473 TI - [Adaptation of a cervical cap for human artificial insemination]. AB - The authors have designed a cervical cap in plastic throught which artificial insemination can be practised. The material allows prolonged contact between semen and the cervical mucus. Tests carried out 24 hours after insemination have shown that after 159 inseminations there were mobile spermatozoa in the mucus in 145 cases. PMID- 1230472 TI - [Culdoscopic sterilization]. AB - Culdoscopic sterilization deserves to have a high place in the methods chosen for surgical sterilization. It has to be carried out in the operating theatre. Asepsis is essential. The process is simple and quick and is carried out under analgesia (Meperidine and Chlorpromazine) and a local anaesthetic. The patient is placed in the knee-chest position. A special speculum is inserted. Both fimbriae are removed after they have been brought down into the vagina from the Pouch of Douglas using Gutierrez-Najar's special forceps. On the average the operation takes about a quarter of an hour. The patient may go home with her husband six hours later. The convalescence is usually completely uncomplicated without any after-effects. PMID- 1230474 TI - [Infant mortality according to the duration of gestation]. AB - By studying the statistics given in the civil register, mortality tables of infants dying under the age of one year have been compared with the duration of the pregnancy (7 months, 8 months, 9 months). These tables show the probability of death day by day in the first week, week by week in the first month and monthly in the first year. They show the influence of the length of gestation on mortality. Furthermore the probability of the death of a foetus of more than 6 months gestation has been calculated. PMID- 1230475 TI - [Experimental study of uterine hypoplasia. I. Influence of the vascular factor]. AB - The purpose of the experiment was to prove the importance of the vascular factor in uterine hypoplasia. The animal that was chosen was the rat. The method that was used consisted of devascularisation of one of the two uterine cornua. This was done without altering the blood supply to the ovaries when the animals were 7 weeks of age, which is the immediate prepuberty stage. The results that were obtained were significant whether they were looked at macroscopically, microscopically or by weight. In experimental conditons the hypoplasia was obtained solely due to interference with the blood supply which was carried out surgically. PMID- 1230476 TI - [Clear cell carcinoma of the female genital tract]. AB - Even though the existence of clear cell carcinomata is universally acknowledged at all levels of the female genital tract, the nomenclature and the pathogenesis are still controversial. Following the observation of several examples of these tumours, we have been tempted to define and state the origin of these tumours. In the light of urogenital embryogenesis we think that it is discretion that has led to purely descriptive terms to describe these carcinomata. A critical study of the hypotheses as to the pathogenesis that have been suggested about these tumours in the literature allows the summary of numerous arguments in favour of a mullerian origin or viewed in a broader aspect, coelomic origin for these tumours. PMID- 1230477 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy and its obstetrical prognosis (apropos of 135 cases)]. AB - The authors have studied 135 case histories of extra-uterine pregnancies which were operated on and followed up the years 1965-1973. They draw attention to: 1. At the clinical level atypical symptoms are found in 29% of cases, which means that the diagnosis is made late in many cases (36% of ruptured tubes) in spite of modern methods of diagnosis. 2. As far as the woman's obstetrical future is concerned they note the low level of further conceptions (51%), the rarity of pregnancies that go to term (24%), and the importance of complication (15%). Fertility after extra-uterine pregnancy is higher when the woman has already had children (43%) as against those women whose extra-uterine pregnancy is in their first pregnancy (25%). They suggest that these results can be improved if on top of surgical treatment further medical supportive treatment is given such as antibiotics, steroids and postoperative hydrotubation. PMID- 1230478 TI - [Ovarian neoplasms. Immunoglobulin levels in patients with primary ovarian tumors]. AB - The authors present a study on the immunoglobulins in 156 women who are divided into three groups: 81 with cancer of the ovary 54 normal controls and 21 controls who had some disease other than a malignant tumour of the ovary. The radio-immuno diffusion technique of Mancini was used to estimate the levels of immunoglobulins. The authors conclude: that as far as immunoglobulins IgG and IgA go there is no significant difference in the groups that were looked at. As far as Ig M is concerned there is a significant rise in the level in women with primary malignant tumours of the ovary, whether they had clinical signs or symptoms or none. As far as the ratio between IgA and IgG is concerned there is a significant rise in the control group with malignant disease and in a sub-group of primary malignant tumours of the ovary who had clinical manifestations of the disease. This work fits into the framework of a larger study concerned with non specific cellular immunity in patients who have a primary malignant tumour of the ovary. It is the first of the results that have come through and will be followed more deeply and more systematically. PMID- 1230479 TI - [The lecithin-sphynogomyelin ratio in the amniotic fluid in insulin dependent diabetic pregnancies]. AB - A delay in the pulmonary maturation of the foetus of diabetic mothers assessed by the lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio has been reported (2, 3, 5). A suggestion has been raised that the results of the L/S ratio should be viewed with caution in predicting lung maturity in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes (8). We report our findings on 52 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies which involved 90 estimations of the L/S ratio on the amniotic fluid. In all cases, the L/S ratio accurately reflected lung maturity, as no hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was observed with a L/S ratio greater than 2. There was no significant difference in the proportion of mature fetal lung between insulin-dependent diabetics and controls for each week of pregnancy between 32 and 38 weeks. There is no statistical difference in the mature L/S ratio between classes B + C and D + F diabetics. PMID- 1230481 TI - [The evolution of ideas about therapeutic interruption of pregnancy]. AB - The author has analysed 77 therapeutic terminations of pregnancy carried out at the C.H.U. in Toulouse between 1959 and 1973. He concludes that ideas about the indications for therapeutic termination of pregnancy should be completely revised under the pressure of change in medical knowledge and in philosophical attitudes. He points out the danger of becoming tied up in this matter in too rigid a framework. He emphasizes that therapeutic abortion is just another variety of induced abortion and like the latter it carries many immediate and late risks. PMID- 1230480 TI - [The problem of systematic bacteriological examinations carried out early in premature infants]. AB - Systematic bacteriological examinations of samples taken from the pharynges, the gastric juices and the meconium or the ano-rectal regions were carried out on 300 premature babies immediately on their admission to hospital. These examinations, which consisted in direct microscopic examination and in culturing the specimens, showed that usually a normal microbial flora was established in the mucous membranes of the digestive tracts but there were also abnormalities caused by contamination. There is therefore a limited but real value in the tests when they reveal massive bacterial contamination by the presence of microbes that could be at this stage of life dangerous to a premature baby. The results of the tests then suggest the necessity for antibiotic therapy. PMID- 1230482 TI - [Experimental study of uterine hypoplasia. II. Effect of treatment with beta mimetics]. AB - After we had made rats' uteri hypoplastic by surgical interference with their blood supply we carried out a second part of our study by treating the animals that had been operated on with a beta-mimetic substance in order to lessen or counter completely the effects of surgical devascularisation. From our results we can conclude in a statistically significant proportion of cases that the effects of devascularisation are cancelled out by the treatment. These facts are explained by taking into account the specific pharmacological effects on the uterus of beta-mimetic substances. PMID- 1230483 TI - [Estroprogestational drugs and the ultimate embyogenesis in the rat]. AB - Cyclic female rats were fed with ethinodiol diacetate plus mestranol (EDM) for periods of 45 to 180 days. They were mated during prooestrus, on the first cycle following the end of the treatment. Results were as follows: 1. The cycle is blocked about eight days after starting E.D.M. The longer the treatment, the later rats resume their cycle. 2. Degeneration of the ova before implantation and embryonic mortality are slightly augmented when fecundation takes place within two days after stopping E.D.M.; whereas from the third cycle on, the quality of th ova is identical to the control group. The ova are euploid; they are more fragile to hypotonic shock than the ova of the control animals. No influence of E.D.M. upon meiotic or mitotic processes could be demonstrated. Those experiments do no allow any inference to the human species, but they are inkeeping with the observations of Boue et al. on women. PMID- 1230484 TI - [An attempt at classification of the vaginal arteries. Functional and surgical implications]. AB - It has been possible to attempt to classify the vaginal arteries after studying 10 specimens of total contents of the pelvis removed at autopsy. The classical descriptions are confirmed except for these features: The longitudinal vaginal artery supplies the anterior and inferior part of the vagina and probably also the bladder. The middle haemorrhoidal artery supplies, as far as we can see, mainaly the posterior portion of the vagina. Finally, in a last section, we discuss some surgical and functional implications arising from these deductions. PMID- 1230485 TI - [The hexosamines of the umbilical cord vessel walls]. AB - Qualitative and quantitative compositions of hexosamines in arteries and veins of umbilical cord have been determined. The qualitative compositions of hexosamines in umbilical cord vessels are identical, namely they are composed of glucosoamine and galactosoamine. It has been shown that hexosamines occurred mainly as glycosoaminoglycans (GAG). Qualitative and quantitative compositions of GAG have been determined. It has been revealed that qualitative compositions of GAG of umbilical cord vessels are identical and they have been presented as follows: hyaluronic acid, heparane sulphate, chondroitine-6-sulphate, dermatane sulphate. Concerning the GAG, the difference between veins and arteries consist in higher content of hyaluronic acid and lower content of chondroitine-6-sulphate. The high content of hyaluronic acid in vein walls is probably connected with their permability. PMID- 1230486 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia during pregnancy. Apropos of 1 case]. AB - A case of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia during pregnancy is described. The different tests carried out on the patient make the diagnosis of idiopathie auto immune haemolytic anaemic haemolytic anaemia in this case. Several theories have been reviewed in order to try and explain the possible role of pregnancy in the appearance of worsening of this kind of anaemia. The theory most likely to be true is that it is a slowly evolving process of auto-immunisation in which the haemolytic effect was accelerated by the pregnancy and showed itself clinically because of the haemodynamic factors occurring at the placental site. PMID- 1230487 TI - [Induced hyperglycemia and its relationship to underweight fetuses: study on a newborn infant]. AB - A study was carried out on hyperglycaemia induced by intravenous administration of glucose between the 1st and 4th day of life in healthy new-born infants and in underweight newborns. The blood glucose level in underweight infants is slightly lower than that in healthy new-born infants. The level of insulin in the blood is much lower in the underweight child after 30 minutes. Although the levels of insulin and Glucagon in the blood vary between the two groups the ratio of Glucagon to insulin is constant and evolves constantly. The ratio is higher the more underweight the child is. It is possible that this can help to maintain the level of blood glucose sufficiently high in the underweight new-born infant. PMID- 1230488 TI - [Injuries to the upper extremities in the newborn diagnosed at birth]. AB - Injuries to the upper limb vary in type. The overall incidence, including the form which is revealed by paralysis, is 2.6 per 1,000 (30 cases in 13,342 deliveries). In 90 per cent of cases it followed a dystocic delivery. The prognosis for these lesions is favourable when the diagnosis is made early and the correct treatment is started in the first days of life. All the same, sequellae are not rare, being in the order of 10 per cent, and this pathological condition should not be considered as a benign one. The pathology of these lesions does not depend only on the second stage of labour, nor entirely on the choice between hysterotomy and vaginal delivery, but equally on the prevention of the birth of large children and on the treatment of maternal obesity, as well as on a better estimation of the size ofthe foetus in utero by the development of measurements of the bi-acromial diameter with the use of ultra-sonic techniques. PMID- 1230490 TI - Fournier's gangrene of the scrotum and penis: a case report. PMID- 1230489 TI - [Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Notes on the physiopathology and treatment apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Hyperstimulation appeared in one case on the 10th 11th day after ovulation, allowing by its presence the very precocious diagnosis of successful fecondation. The study of blood coagulation revealed that hypercoagulability was mainly related to hyperactivity of the thrombocytes and of the coagulation proteins. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is discussed. Increase in the permeability of the capillary vessels and hypovolemia seem to be responsible for the main accidents. Unfortunately as we have no real mean of decreasing the permeability of the capillary vessels, the treatment can be directed only against hypovolemia and its results. The infusion of macromolecular fluids, the restriction of sodium and water intake, together with the prescription of spironolactone have been successfully employed in those three cases. PMID- 1230492 TI - Medical student selection relative to physician manpower in Kentucky. PMID- 1230491 TI - Helminth parasites of dogs from Kentucky: a survey with public health implication. PMID- 1230493 TI - From the files of the KMA maternal mortality study committee. PMID- 1230494 TI - Ambulatory medicine as a career option. PMID- 1230495 TI - Letter: Treatment of asymptomatic cholelithiasis. PMID- 1230496 TI - Breast cancer detection today: an opinion. AB - The family physician, more than most other physicians, is faced with rapidly increasing demands for breast cancer screening. The old standby, physical examination, is now accompanied by mammography, xeromammography, and, more recently, thermography. In this paper, we present our opinion, based on the collective experience at the Mayo Clinic, regarding the use and effectiveness of the several modalities, including mammography, xeromammography, and thermography, available for detection of breast cancer today. PMID- 1230498 TI - Care of the patient with hematologic malignancy: a point of view. AB - The patient with hematologic malignancy is nowadays afforded longer periods of remission through appropriate chemotherapy and, while this provides comfort and encouragement to the patient, the usual outcome is death. The problems that face the patient, the families of patients, and the primary care physician during the course of malignant disease are discussed. Perspectives on the reactions of all concerned are presented for three phases of illness: The Initial or Diagnostic and Remission-Induction Phase, The Treatment Phase with its remissions and exacerbations, and The Final Phase, or dying process. Case presentations are used to illustrate the problems which affect patients, their families, and the physician. While pharmacologic treatment is important and essential, emphasis is placed on emotional support to be offered by the physician and his team throughout the three phases of illness. PMID- 1230497 TI - How illness presents: a study of patient behavior. AB - In 1972 McWhinney presented a classification of patient behavior which provided the physician with a framework in which to describe his assessment of the reason for the patient's visit. The present paper assesses the reliability of this classification schema involving seven categories of patient behavior comparing the assessments of the investigators with those of the cooperating physicians. There was agreement in 75 percent of the cases. For a random sample of women, 389 visits over a six-month period were classified. Signal behavior was noted in 14 percent of all visits and psychosocial problems were presented frankly in another 22 percent. The distribution of patient behaviors differed for patient and doctor initiated visits and differed among the five participating physicians. Characteristics of the doctor, rather than those of the patient, had the greater influence on the degree to which patients used frank presentation rather than signal behavior to provoke discussion of psychosocial problems. PMID- 1230499 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in healthy adults of various ethnic groups in a rural family practice in Israel. AB - A study on the immunoglobulin levels of five ethnic groups in a rural population in Israel was carried out. The ethnic group comprised Yemenite, Cochin, Kurd, North African, and Ashkenazi Jews. Yemenites have a low level of IgA, Ashkenazis have a high IgM level, Cochins and North Africans have high levels of IgG and IgA, and Kurds show low IgM levels. Females have higher IgM levels than males. No positive correlation between immunoglobulin levels and age could be demonstrated. A connection between these levels and exogenous and endogenous factors in the various ethnic groups is discussed. PMID- 1230500 TI - The intellectual basis of family practice. AB - Although progress is being made toward defining the family physician and the specialty of family practice, there remains a need to describe more clearly a conceptual base for family medicine as an academic discipline. This paper explores common misconceptions and fallacies which have confused or prevented greater understanding of the intellectual basis for family practice. A thesis is presented and defended which holds that patient management is the quintessential skill of clinical practice and the unique field of knowledge of family physicians. The sine qua non of family practice is the knowledge and skill which allow the family physician to confront relatively large numbers of unselected patients with unselected conditions and to carry on therapeutic relationships with patients over time. PMID- 1230501 TI - Primary care- whose responsibility? AB - The increasing recognition of the importance of the primary care concept which has taken place in the past ten years has been accompanied by the rapid and successful development of family practice as a major response to marked deficits in primary care. More recently we are seeing more varied and fragmented approaches to this need by other specialties which have previously concentrated their efforts on secondary and tertiary care. Instead of competing for the primary care banner, the medical profession should give high priority to better understanding the nature of primary care and specifically training primary care physicians with a sufficiently broad range of knowledge and skills to provide primary care of high quality for patients of any age and their families. PMID- 1230502 TI - Intellectual and attitudinal characteristics of medical students selecting family practice. AB - Family practice residents were compared with residents in internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics-gynecology, and pediatrics in terms of cognitive and non cognitive characteristics. Family practice residents were in most instances significantly different from the other four groups. On non-cognitive measures they scored higher on affiliation need and lower on aggression and materialism. Their scores on several cognitive measures were among the highest of the five groups. These results were contrary to others from earlier studies. However, if the trend reported here is confirmed on other samples, it is the more intellectually gifted and idealistic physician who is currently being attracted to the practice of family medicine. PMID- 1230503 TI - A core course in family medicine for first-year medical students. AB - This article, the second in a series on a predoctoral curriculum in family medicine, describes in detail the processes involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating the first-year medical school core course at Hershey. The major teaching methods described are seminars, clinical correlation conferences, and practice tutorials. Student involvement in curriculum planning and teaching, flexibility and variability in modalities used, development of close relationships between faculty and students, pairing of seasoned and neophyte teachers, weekly review-preview conferences of students and faculty, and oral examinations are cited as key factors in acceptance of this curriculum by both faculty and students. PMID- 1230504 TI - Continuity of care in family practice. Part 4: implementing continuity in a family practice residency program. AB - Although continuity of care is an important goal of family practice residency programs, there are many factors which inevitably prevent its full achievement by individual residents in any program. Each resident is frequently faced with conflicting responsibilities involving the Family Practice Center, inpatient clinical services, and other parts of the residency training program. This paper explores this dilemma and suggests a variety of positive approaches to resolve the issue. All family practice residents must necessarily be intimately involved in providing continuity of patient care and develop the requisite skills and attitudes. However, full continuity of care must ultimately be provided on a program and group level, not exclusively by the individual resident. PMID- 1230505 TI - The survey in family practice research. AB - The survey is a method that can be employed in family practice research. It is an adaptable tool that can be used with good results by those not sophisticated in research. General guidelines for survey research are discussed in this article, and an illustrative example of a survey conducted by the authors is presented. PMID- 1230506 TI - Family Practice Grand Rounds: Evaluation of the hyperactive child. PMID- 1230507 TI - Dealing with uncertainty in family medicine. PMID- 1230508 TI - The nurse practitioner in a private family practice. PMID- 1230509 TI - Ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase in the immune response. AB - Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase activity was demonstrated in the microsomal and ribosomal fraction from the spleen cells of immunized mice. The enzyme activity was solubilized by Triton X-100 from the fraction and partially purified by Biogel A 1.5 m column chromatography. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity was eluted in a single peak from the column. High activity was demonstrated with an RNA polymerase activity was eluted in a single peak from the column. High activity was demonstrated with an RAN preparation (iotaRNA) as template made from the spleens of immunized mice but very low activity was found with an RNA preparation made from the spleens of normal mice. Incorporation of 3H UTP markedly decreased in the presence of RNase but not in the presence of DNase. DNA preparations made from the spleens of immunized mice were inactive as template for this enzyme. The iotaRNA preparation was fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A fraction corresponding to 12-13 S was most active as a template. It was followed by a fraction corresponding to 6-7 S. Sucrose gradient analysis of the 3H-UTP-labeled product was attempted. Some properties of this enzyme are described. PMID- 1230510 TI - Synchronous cell differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus. AB - The growth of a stalked bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, has been synchronized easily and reproducibly by a new method. When this bacterium is grown to a late log phase in nutrient broth at 30 C with aeration, swarmer cells are accumulated in the culture to 80% of the whole cell population. When this culture is inoculated into fresh pre-warmed broth at twentyfold dilution, it immediately initiates synchronous cell growth. Simultaneously, synchronous cell differentiation is monitored by the susceptibility of the cells to RNA phage infection. The swarmer cells accumulated in the late log phase of growth possess nearly the same susceptibility to RNA phage infection as those in the early log phase of growth while RNA phage-adsorbing capacity is lower in such swarmer cells. It is suggested that the swarmer cells accumulated in the late log phase of growth have lost some pili. PMID- 1230511 TI - Virus-inhibiting factor or interferon activity on heterologous animal cells. PMID- 1230512 TI - [Study of the role of mitochondrial creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme in the process of energy transport in cardiac cells]. AB - The kinetic properties of creatinephosphokinase connected with the mytochondria of the heart were studied. The following kinetic parameters were measured: the Michaelis constants for all substrates -- MgATP, MgADP, creatine and creatinephosphate, and the maximal reaction rates for the direct and reverse reactions catalized by the mytochondrial iso-enzyme of creatinephosphokinase. The peculiarity of this iso-enzyme was demonstrated to consist in the independence of binding adeninenucleotides and guanidine substrates. The kinetic characteristics of this iso-enzyme are such that ATP synthesis from ADP and creatinephosphate is preferable: the Michaelis constant for MgADP is 0.05 mM, for creatinephosphate -- 0.5 mM, for MgATP -- 0.7 mM, for creatine -- 5.0 mM. It was also demonstrated that in the presence of all substrates and products of the reaction the ratio of the speeds of the direct and reverse reactions is regulated by Mg ions: with a low concentration of Mg (below that of ATP) the reaction of creatinephosphate synthesis takes place, with the Mg concentration growing the speed of ATP synthesis increases. Thus, an increase of Mg concentration can, depending on the conditions of the reaction, result in its complete reversal. The regulatory role of Mg is also demonstrated for the case in which ATP is synthesized in the reaction of oxidative phosphorylation, creatinephosphokinase-controlled reaction. PMID- 1230513 TI - [Role of adrenaline in the changes of ion and energy metabolism in the cardiac mitochondria in experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - The changes in the content of K+ ions, in the respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were studied in the mytochondria of canine hearts 5 and 30 min following the ligation of the left descending coronary artery. The gradual changes in the content of intramytochondrial K+ in the mytochondria of the ischaemic zone is attributed to the decreasing rate of phosphorylating respiration and dissociation of respiration and phosphorylation. Similar, but less distinct changes were noted in the mytochondria of the non-ischaemic zone. In cases resulting in ventricular fibrillation a higher dispersion of the metabolic indices was noted: decrease in K+ content, respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in the mytochondria of the ischaemic zone is nore distinct, while in the mytochondria of the non-ischaemic zone it did not differ from what is observed in a favourable course of an experimentally induced myocardial infarction. Propranolol, given in a dose of 1 mg/kg, under normal conditions decreased the respiration rate in the mytochondria and at the same time reduced the activity of succinatecytochromium-C-oxydoreductase, producing no effect on the conjugation of respiration and phosphorylation. In case of myocardial infarction Propranolol prevented the decrease of K+ and dissociation of respiration and phosphorylation. The changes in the ion and energy exchange in the cardiac mytochondria during the acute phase of myocardial infarction are attributed to the activation of the sympathoadrenal system. PMID- 1230514 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of direct action of potassium and calcium ions on the hypothalamus]. AB - In experiments on adult rats, using the stereotaxic technique of cannulas implantation, the changes in arterial pressure, contraction rate and bioelectric activity of the heart were studied by means of introducing small doses of potassium and calcium chlorides into the zones of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus and into the CSF of the 3rd ventricle of the brain. The injections of potassium chloride were found to produce an elevation of the arterial pressure, tachycardia and irregular changes in the voltage and pattern of the waves of the ventricular complex of ECG; similar injections of the structures of the anterior hypothalamus to the action of calcium was noted, while the posterior appeared more sensitive to potassium. It was concluded that direct stimulations of the posterior hypothalamic structures with potassium and calcium ions produce a more lasting tonic effect on the haemodynamics than their effect upon the anterior hypothalamus. It is suggested that the hypothalamus is an important level of not only the reflex, but also of the direct neurogenic regulation of the haemodynamic parameters. PMID- 1230515 TI - [Organization of rehabilitative treatment of patients with myocardial infarct]. AB - Purposeful continuous comprehensive rehabilitation of myocardial infarction patients is impossible without centralization. The authors share their long-term experience in arranging and running such a centralized stage-wise system of rehabilitation and secondary prophylaxis. All the stages (specialized hospital department -- post-hospital center -- sanatorium -- outpatient dispensary center) are manned with cardiologists, specialists in kinesitherapy and functional diagnosis, psychologists. All the measures are coordinated by persons responsible for the particular stages of rehabilitation. When the patients return to their professional activities, the state of their cardiovascular system is controlled at work, and ECG is recorded during the working hours. The well-coordinated work of all the links of this rehabilitation system permitted to achieve 91.7% restoration of the capacity for work in patients of a pre-retirement age who have survived myocardial infarction. In order to make scientifically substantiated conclusions on the effect of rehabilitation and secondary prophylaxis on the prognosis of the patients joint efforts of several centers are necessary, as well as standardizing all the studies, unification of the criteria of assessment of the patients' state and of the efficacy of the measures taken. This would serve as a foundation for the creation of a rehabilitation system suitable for the practical health services. PMID- 1230516 TI - [Mechanism of presystolic intensification of mitral diastolic murmur in auricular fibrillation]. AB - On the basis of a study of the sound pattern and of the data of right and left heart catheterization it has been established that the presystolic accentuation of the mitral diastolic murmur in atrial fibrillation is predisposed by the peculiarities of the dynamics of the left ventricular diastolic pressure. When the diastole is becoming shorter, the diastolic pressure does not grow gradually, as it happens under normal conditions, but progressively decreases during the whole period of the diastole which causes the appearence of a pressure gradient across the atrioventricular orifice, increasing during the diastole, an increasing diastolic blood flow rate through the mitral valve and, as a consequence, an accentuation of the mitral diastolic murmur during the diastole. PMID- 1230517 TI - [Pathogenesis of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity in acute organophasphate insecticide poisoning]. AB - A dynamic examination of ECG and K and Na level in plasma and erythrocyte was conducted in 73 patients during the acute period of poisoning with phosphorus organic insecticides -- thiophos, chlorophos, carbophos. In 18.6% of the cases severe rhythm and conductivity disorders were revealed that caused cardiac arrest and death in 29 patients. Besides, a sharp increase in the electric systole on the ECG was noted in all the patients during the acute period of poisoning. A study of the electrolytes revealed hypokalemia, hypernatremia and an increased content of K and Na in the erythrocytes. The authors believe that the disturbances in the cardiac activity during acute poisonings with phosphorus organic insecticides are due to the effect of the excessive acetylcholine upon the ion permeability towards increasing intracellular potassium. PMID- 1230518 TI - [Hemodynamic parameters and oxygen regimen of the body in the early postresuscitation period]. AB - In experiments on dogs subjected under light narcosis to a 12--16-minutes full circulatory arrest produced by means of electrotrauma the parameters of the central haemodynamics and oxygen regimen were studied during the early postresuscitational period. Irrespectful of the method of reanimation conducted for 1 hour (closed cardiac massage combined with artificial pulmonary ventrilation or a heart-lung machine), a progressive reduction was noted during the restorative period (3--6 hours) in such indices as the cardiac output per 1 min., stroke volume and left ventricle work. The development of arterial hypotension was prevented by the increased total peripheral resistance. After 9 hours following the reanimation the main parameters of heamodynamics displayed a tendency towards normalization. The circulatory insufficiency was compensated for by an increased oxygen utilization from the blood supply. PMID- 1230519 TI - [Cardiovascular disorders of the neurogenic nature]. PMID- 1230520 TI - [Quantitative evaluation and grading of physical state of patients with cardiovascular disease]. AB - The important role of quantitative assessment of the physical state of cardiovascular patients is emphasized in terms of determining the severity of their pathology, the efficiency of the treatment and rehabilitation. Five groups of physical state of cardiovascular patients were distinguished on the basis of the results of sub-maximal exercises tests, judged by the value of maximal oxygen uptake, physical endurance and threshold exercises. The rationale of the employment of such grouping is illustrated by the data concerning the risk of prosthetic valve replacement according to the group of the physical state of the patient before surgery and by the quantitative data on the dynamics of the functional state of these patients during postoperative rehabilitation. PMID- 1230521 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of patients having undergone cardiovascular operations]. AB - Among the measures of medical rehabilitation of patients who survived cardiovascular surgical procedures an important place belongs to the problems of physical readaptation. Its degree is determined by exercise tests, among which veloergometry has gained wide recognition. The methods of bicycle tests are discussed with reference to this category of patients. A study of the exercise tolerance and of the nature of the response conducted according to several cardiovascular functional indices in patients following closed mitral commissurotomy and surgical correction of non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases indicated that a certain discrepancy exists between the commonly accepted evaluation of the results of surgery and the degree of physical readaptation. The latter depends on several factors: the duration of the history of the disease, relapse of rheumatism, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation. In order to evaluate the effect of physical training on the degree of readaptation a comparative study is necessary between the rehabilitation group and a "control" group. In patients operated for symptomatic hypertension (renovascular, adrenal, coarctation of the aorta) the assessment of the results of surgery should not be limited by the determination of the decrease or normalization of the arterial pressure alone, but should be supplemented by a general clinical evaluation of the state of the patients. Rational hypotensive therapy significantly improves the results of surgery. The exercise tests permit to establish the functional reserves of the patients, to properly determine the tactics of their treatment and their occupational prognosis. PMID- 1230522 TI - [Problems of physical training in the therapy and rehabilitation after myocardial infarct (hospital stage)]. AB - Data are presented as to the effects of physical training on the process of rehabilitation of patients surviving myocardial infarction. Not only the restoration of physical activity was taken into consideration, but also the changes in the cardiovascular system, the course of its functional restoration. The observations were conducted in 380 patients during the hospital stage of rehabilitation. The advantages of individual programmes of rehabilitation over standard ones are demonstrated. The criteria for grouping the patients according to the severity of their state are given, as well as those for transferring the patients from one regimen to another. The importance of control of both the immediate, and late reactions to the exercises is emphasized. PMID- 1230523 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with acute uncomplicated myocardial infarct according to 3 1/2-week program]. AB - The study was conducted in 220 patients with uncomplicated localized primary myocardial infarction, aged 30 to 65 years, rehabilitated according to the 3 1/2 week programme. The control group was composed of 110 patients rehabilitated according to the 5-week programme. At the hospital stage of rehabilitation it has been established that the contractile activity of the myocardium is the same in both groups of patients and is characterized by hypodynamia. On this basis it was concluded that further physical rehabilitation of these patients should be conducted at a moderate pace with an obligatory control of exercise tolerance. The dynamic observation 1--2 years after myocardial infarction has demonstrated that the physical capacity for work is higher among the patients rehabilitated according to the 3 1/2-week programme, than among the control group patients. The 3 1/2-week rehabilitation does not increase the number of complications, either in the acute period of the disease, or 1--2 years after it. This permits to recommend the 3 1/2-week rehabilitation programme for the patients with acute uncomplicated primary infarction. PMID- 1230524 TI - [Physical rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct during the restorative period]. AB - In the in-patient rehabilitation department of the Leningrad cardioheumatological dispensary 276 patients with large-focal and transmural myocardial infarction were kept under observation. The programme of physical rehabilitation envisaged the employment of kinesitherapy with increasing workload, dosaged walking up to 2 -3 km, mounting the stairs within 3--5 floors. The reaction to the prescribed exercises was determined by the figures of pulse rate, arterial pressure and electroacrdiographic indices. The patients were transferred to the rehabilitation department from the city hospitals and clinics 3 1/2 to 8 weeks after the infarction, depending on the severity of the lesion. In 87% of the patients the term of treatment in the rehabilitation department ranged from 20 to 30 days, the rest of the patients were discharged at a later date. Over half of the patients fulfilled the complete programme of physical rehabilitation, the rest -- in an incomplete form. PMID- 1230525 TI - [State and perspectives of development of rehabilitation trends in cardiology]. AB - On the basis of the experience of rehabilitation of 500 myocardial infarction patients recommendations are given for the development of rehabilitation in cardiology. It is indicated that the problems of rehabilitation should be solved with the participation of the existing medical establishments, i. e. hospitals, sanatoriums and out-patient clinics, that should function as successive stages of rehabilitation. The main person responsible for the rehabilitative measures at each particular stage should be the attending pyhsician who had mastered the appropriate methodological principles. In choosing the rehabilitation program the attending physician should be assisted by a special rehabilitation team (commission that brings together at the patient's bedside the necessary specialists--kinesitherapy physician, psychologist, functionalist, sociologist. These organizational principles permit to arrange an extensive rehabilitative work within the existing pattern of medical institutions, without any significant changes in its structure. PMID- 1230526 TI - [Factors affecting restoration of work capacity after myocardial infarct]. AB - The effect of some clinical peculiarities of the disease upon the restoration of the patient's capacity for work was studied along with the factors increasing the risk of repeated disablement after resuming the professional functions. The discussion is based on the results obtained in an out-patient study of 285 males who have been employed before their myocardial infarction in administrative managerial jobs. Three groups of factors characterizing the functional state of the cardiovascular-system in the pre-infraction, acute and post-infarction periods are distinguished. It was demonstrated that the functional state of the heart when the patients resumed their work was characterized by the degree of chronic coronary and cardiac insufficiency, the scope of every-day physical activity, and was one of the essential criteria for the evaluation of the degree of rehabilitation. The first group of factors (essential hypertension, chronic coronary insufficiency preceeding the development of myocardial infarction) and the second group (clinical and anatomical peculiarities of acute myocardial infarction) are of secondary importance in determining the degree of rehabilitation. At the same time, the functional background of the cardiovascular system teinted prior to the infarction and the depth of the infarction, as well as the reduced level of the heart's functional capacity before resuming the professional functions, belong to the factors that increase the risk of secondary disablement in persons who have resumed working after a sustained myocardial infarction. PMID- 1230527 TI - [Evaluation of physical work capacity in the process of rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1230528 TI - [Stage-by-stage rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct]. AB - Continuous stage-wise rehabilitation was used in 102 patients who survived acute macrofocal myocardial infarction that was of a transmural type in nearly 60% of them. While hospitalized in a clinic, the patients underwent a 5-week physical activization course. Depending on the severity of the lesion the average duration of their hospitalization ranged from 34.2 to 43.1 days. Seventy patients (68.8%) were referred to the local cardiological sanatorium directly from the hospital. Subsequently all these patients were followed-up (up to 2 1/2 years) and treated on an out-patient basis in the cardiological service of the clinic. Among 88 patients who had worked before infarction, 72 persons (81.8%) returned to their professional activities after 4.9 months, on the average, following the development of myocardial infarction. Professional rehabilitation proved more effective in those who had received the sanatorium treatment after hospital, 87.1% of them returning to their jobs, and nearly 1 month sooner than those who had had no sanatorium treatment. Among the main clinical and instrumental methods of control of the state of myocardial infarction cases during the rehabilitation period the test with portioned physical exercises was also used. The examinations were repeated in 80 patients, in 50 of them -- on the 30th--35th day of the disease. The obtained data indicate that the threshold tolerance of the patients increases due to the stage-wise rehabilitation measures. PMID- 1230529 TI - [Use of small doses of obsidan in physical rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct]. AB - A study of 152 patients with transmural or large-focal myocardial infarction was conducted; 82 of them received low doses of Obsidan (40 mg/day) for 14 days during the activization period. The employment of such doses of the drug was found rational for ensuring a more effective activization of the patients who had a persistent pain syndrome, sinus tachycardia, extrasystolic arrhythmias and "ischaemic" changes of ECG in response to definite stages of the kinetic regimen. A decrease of cardiac output noted during the therapy was especially distinct in cases of cardiac aneurysms and corresponded to the alternating conditions of the metabolic processes. PMID- 1230530 TI - [Mathematical evaluation of rehabilitation programs]. PMID- 1230531 TI - [Early and late physical activation of patients with acute macrofocal myocardial infarct in a central regional hospital]. AB - The favourable effect of early physical activization and the unfavourable effect of delayed activization on the haemodynamics and complications were established in cases of acute large-focal myocardial infarction. The distinct informative capacity of the haemodynamic values determined by means of the commonly available and known physical methods was established. It is recommended to use widely the indices of pulse rate and pulse pressure as the simplest criteria for the beginning of physical activization and for the adequacy of physical exercises in the process of rehabilitation of hospitalized patients with large-focal myocardial infarction. PMID- 1230532 TI - [Importance of electroimpulse therapy for restoration of work capacity in patients with auricular fibrillation]. AB - Social rehabilitation was studied in 799 patients with atrial fibrillation. Before the sinus rhythm was restored 26% of the patients had been working. Among the working patients the history of atrial fibrillation was usually of a short duration (9.8 +/- 1 months, on the average), and among the nonworking patients it comprised 28.9 +/- 0.6 months. After the reestablishment of the sinus rhythm the precentage of rehabilitation grew to 40. It greatly depended on the nature of the underlying pathology, sex (among the working patients, 51.8% were men and 25.5% - women), place of habitation (capacity for work was restored in 45.8% of urban patients, and in 32.0% of rural patients). Upon the restoration of the sinus rhythm the capacity for work increased most markedly among the patients previously subjected to surgical correction of mitral stenosis (by 26.3%), and among those with post-myocarditis cardiosclerosis (by 17.4%). Repeated counterpulsation procedures in cases of atrial fibrillation recurrences provided for a lasting maintenance of the patients' capacity for work. To prolong the rehabilitation results it is rational to recommend such jobs for the patients that would not entail important physical and emotional stress. PMID- 1230533 TI - [Content of immunoreactive insulin and catecholamines in blood plasma and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with myocardial infarct]. AB - The blood plasma level of immunoreactive insulin was studied dynamically be means of radioimmunoassay and the blood sugar level by the orthotoluidine technique in 70 patients with large-focal myocardial. In 48 of them the plasma level of catecholamines was determined simultaneously by the fluorimetric technique. The control group of patients was composed of ischaemic heart disease cases without myocardial infarction. Patients with acute myocardial infarction appeared to have hypercatecholaminemia and insufficient insulin excretion: 65.4% of acute myocardial infarction patients having an absolute insulin insufficiency, and 34.6% -- a relative one. The most distinct hypercatecholaminemia and insulin secretion inhibition were observed in those with acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. In patients with an absolute insulin insufficiency the plasma level of noradrenaline was considerably and statistically significantly higher, than in those with a relative insulin insufficiency. In patients with high hypercatecholaminemia the insulin secretion inhibition was noted more often and was more severe. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and an absolute insulin insufficiency complications, such as congestive heart failure and rhythm and conductivity disorders, were more frequent and lasting, than in those with a relative insulin insufficiency. During the acute period of myocardial infarction the disorders in the carbohydrate metabolism were observed in 82.2% of the cases, and were more distinct in those with an absolute insulin insufficiency. By the 20th--22nd postinfarction day the carbohydate metabolism disorders persisted in 35% of the myocardial infarction patients. PMID- 1230535 TI - [Study of microcirculation in acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 1230534 TI - [Septic shock in acute surgical infection in children]. PMID- 1230536 TI - [Organ-saving operations in rectal cancer]. PMID- 1230537 TI - [Characteristics of combined thoraco-abdominal trauma in children]. PMID- 1230538 TI - [Treatment of closed injuries of soft tissues]. PMID- 1230539 TI - [Sombrevin anesthesia in the out-patient practice and minor surgery]. PMID- 1230540 TI - [Pulmonary response to operative trauma in persons with practically healthy lungs]. PMID- 1230541 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in middle-aged and old patients]. PMID- 1230542 TI - [One of the causes hindering the diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1230543 TI - [Acute appendicitis in subhepatic location of the vermiform process]. PMID- 1230544 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thrombophlebitis in patients with acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1230546 TI - [Symptom of acute adhesive obstruction of the intestine]. PMID- 1230545 TI - [Attachment of the omentum in the hypogastric region as a cause of adhesion syndrome after low laparotomies]. PMID- 1230547 TI - [Intraosseous puncture and osteotonometry in the diagnosis of hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 1230548 TI - [Microbial proteases in the treatment of suppurative-inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 1230549 TI - [Again on the treatment of rectal prolapse in children]. PMID- 1230550 TI - [Angiographic aspects of mesenteric blood flow in peritonitis]. PMID- 1230551 TI - [Certain errors in the treatment of acute appendicitis in children]. PMID- 1230552 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, appendicular infiltrate and cecal cancer]. PMID- 1230553 TI - [Repeated operations after appendectomy]. PMID- 1230554 TI - [Purulent periduritis in a child as an aftereffect of long-term peridural analgesia]. PMID- 1230555 TI - [Organization and principles of work of the intensive care department in a general surgery clinic]. PMID- 1230556 TI - [Evagination of the intestine through preternatural anus with incarceration]. PMID- 1230557 TI - [Case of multiple primary cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 1230558 TI - [Eventration of the small intestine through rupture in the rectal wall and the posterior wall of the vagina]. PMID- 1230559 TI - [Technic of ligation of renal vessels during nephrectomy]. PMID- 1230560 TI - [Diaphragmatic-fascial nephropexy]. PMID- 1230561 TI - [Classification of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1230562 TI - [Characteristics of hematopoiesis in hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 1230563 TI - [Role of interferon in the development and clinical manifestations of influenza infection]. PMID- 1230564 TI - [Methods of reduction of reactogenic effect of therapeutic vaccine in hyper reactive patients with brucellosis]. PMID- 1230565 TI - [Clinical aspects of the hepato-biliary system in brucellosis]. PMID- 1230566 TI - [Certain problems of prevention of viral serum hepatitis]. PMID- 1230567 TI - [Prevention of remote aftereffects of Botkin's disease]. PMID- 1230568 TI - [Extensive postero-lateral myocardial infarct involving the right ventricle]. PMID- 1230569 TI - [Case of myocardial infarct in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 1230570 TI - [Intravital diagnosis of perforation of the interventricular septum in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1230571 TI - [Clinical course and diagnosis of preulcerous conditions]. PMID- 1230572 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic syndromes in occupational pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 1230573 TI - [Level of immunoreactive insulin of blood serum in chronic kidney diseases]. PMID- 1230574 TI - [Study of membrane digestion and absorption by the method of jejunoperfusion]. PMID- 1230575 TI - [Histoenzymatic studies in certain liver diseases]. PMID- 1230576 TI - [Variants of clinical course of chronic colonic diverticulitis]. PMID- 1230577 TI - [Kinin system of blood in ulcer disease]. PMID- 1230578 TI - [Vitamin requirement of the body in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1230579 TI - [Water-electrolyte metabolism in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1230580 TI - [Baloon-kymographic study of non-digestive peristalsis of the jejunum in chronic anacid gastritis]. PMID- 1230581 TI - [Dynamics of microcirculation in diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 1230582 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on the assimilation of exogenic vitamin B 12 and iron in patients with afferent loop syndrome]. PMID- 1230583 TI - [Recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (Summerskill's syndrome)]. PMID- 1230584 TI - [Mechanism of disorder of liver function with the increase of bilirubin content in the blood]. PMID- 1230585 TI - [Resorptive capacity of the small intestine in portal hypertension]. PMID- 1230586 TI - [Classification of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1230587 TI - [Oral contraceptives and mammary neoplasms]. PMID- 1230588 TI - [Editorial: Dissolution of biliary calculi, the royal road in hepatologic studies]. PMID- 1230589 TI - [Preliminary results of the treatment of cholelithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 1230590 TI - [Treatment of vesicular lithiasis with chenic acid]. PMID- 1230591 TI - [Editorial: Studies on the biliary clearance of macromolecules]. PMID- 1230592 TI - [Effects of a cellulose fiber based diet on the bile salt metabolism and on the composition of the bile]. PMID- 1230593 TI - [The dissolution of biliary calculi by chenodeoxycholic acid. International stand on the problem from the clinical viewpoint]. PMID- 1230595 TI - [Bacteria and bile]. PMID- 1230594 TI - [Glucose and the reducing sugars of the human bile]. PMID- 1230596 TI - [Elimination of exogenous substances through the liver]. PMID- 1230597 TI - [Bile modifications due to radiopaque media]. PMID- 1230598 TI - [Effect of the citrate ion and tiadenol on the physico-chemical balance of the bile]. PMID- 1230599 TI - [Bile pigment choleresis and stercobiline analysis. Modifications under the effect of a Vichy cure]. PMID- 1230600 TI - [Digestive tolerance of an anti-inflammatory non-steroid agent "the brufen"]. PMID- 1230601 TI - [Biological data on chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 1230602 TI - [Hemopigmented villo-nodular synovitis and radioisotopic synoviorthesis]. PMID- 1230603 TI - [Glucose and reducer sugars in human bile]. PMID- 1230604 TI - [Ulcerous relapse after truncular vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Experience of 12 cases]. PMID- 1230605 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency of coal miners with pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 1230606 TI - [Preliminary trial of the membrane oxygenator in respiratory assistance]. PMID- 1230607 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the ansiform band (septo-marginal trabecula)]. PMID- 1230608 TI - [Topographic anatomy of opto-chiasmic formations]. PMID- 1230609 TI - [Circle of arterial anastomosis at the bases of the brain and its branches in dogs]. PMID- 1230610 TI - [Ulnar arterial network in the wrist and hand (apropos of 100 anatomo-radiologic preparations)]. PMID- 1230611 TI - [Medical counterindications for pregnancy]. PMID- 1230613 TI - [Radiologic data on cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 1230612 TI - [Medical and social problems posed by stopping work]. PMID- 1230614 TI - [Treatment of elbow fractures in children]. PMID- 1230615 TI - [Possibilities and limits of infrared thermography]. PMID- 1230616 TI - [Heart and sports]. PMID- 1230617 TI - [Reeducation of the patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1230618 TI - [Pregnancy under high psychological risk]. PMID- 1230619 TI - [Iatrogenic pathology in neurology]. PMID- 1230620 TI - [Retarded puberty]. PMID- 1230621 TI - [Effectiveness of individual units of aerosol therapy equipment]. AB - Various methods of drug atomization and future prospects for their application in medical practice are considered. On the ground of a research into the influence produced by the administered doses and the density of the aerosol on the therapeutic activity the expediency of employing aerosol generators based upon pneumatic atomization by using the principle of ejecting an additional volume of air, as units yielding a substantial curative effect, is demonstrated. Data which bear proof to economic advantages of the units under review are given. PMID- 1230622 TI - [Effect of certain methods of sterilization on the quality of dental instruments]. AB - Comparative investigations of the sterilizing action produced on the stomatological instruments by 4 chemical bactericidal agents and hot air tend to give preference to sterilization with a 2% solution of glutamic acid in a combination with a 70% isopropyl alcohol at a 45 minutes long exposure. Such a sterilization does not cause any corrosion of the instruments and reduces to a lesser degree the resistance of the cutting edges than in the case of sterilization with hot air. PMID- 1230623 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of a technical system in radiological department on an example of the block of closed sources]. AB - The specificity of operations performed by a radiological department in fulfilling this or that functional objectives has made it necessary to create a special method of a complex assessment of the technical system adopted for the use. Such a method enables it to consider the totality of the equipment employed and the personnel attending it as an integrated complexely organized system. By accepting the minimum of expenditures and of the radiation load on the personnel as a principal criterion for the optimal efficiency of the system, without any prejudice to the quality of the medical treatment and care of the patients, it appears possible to appraise the relative effectiveness of any technical system. The assessment of various existing systems designed for carrying out radiological procedures made by making use of this criterion showed the complex system to be the most effective one (the appraisal was made on an example of a closed sources block). A list of protective and technological equipment used in the system is presented. PMID- 1230625 TI - [Radiation detectors and the problem of radiation loads in roentgenodiagnosis]. AB - The development of new effective roentgenolumonophors, screens, based thereon, and image intensifiers helps reduce the exposure radiation dose in radiography, fluorscopy and fluorography. The effect produced by the characteristics of diverse elements of the radiation dectector on the increase of sensitivity is considered. Numerical values of some characteristics are cited. PMID- 1230626 TI - [Supplying therapeutic-prophylactic institutions with auxiliary equipment]. PMID- 1230627 TI - [Safety measures in therapeutic pressure chambers (according to foreign standards)]. PMID- 1230624 TI - [Apparatus for cardiosynchronized artificial circulation]. AB - The development of outfits for ancillary circulation is oriented towards improvement and construction of new pneumatic, hydraulic and electromechanical actuating systems--units intended for an optimal disposition of pressure waves moving from the pump to the aorta, etc. An inference is drawn about advantages and perspectives offered by functionally monitored actuating units, as well as about the need for the pulsating stream to pass through the low-power side intended to pre-set the shape of the pressure curve. PMID- 1230628 TI - [Method of stabilization of acoustic contact during ultrasonic diagnosis in ophthalmology]. AB - To provide for a stable acoustic contact between the sensor and the surface of the eye it is proposed that the echoophthalmograph "Echo-21" be equipped with a sensor of new design, made in the shape of a capsule containing a 0.5% dicain solution that is moving freely in the vertical direction inside a hollow fluoroplastic cylinder. The capsule, together with the guiding cylinder, is readily fixed on the mounting of an optical glasses set. PMID- 1230629 TI - [Set of trocars for drainage of the urinary bladder in acute urinary retension]. AB - At present urologists give preference to drawing the urine by puncturing the anterior wall of. the urinary bladder by means of a trochar with introduction of a drain-tube. A set of 3 types of trochar-drain tubes of a similar construction but differing in their diameter are proposed for superpubical drawing of the urine. By using a simple in its arrangement and a little-traumatic trochar-drain tube a single-stage cystotomy can also be effected with the help of Foley, Maleko or Pezzer's catheters. Not a single of 152 patients subjected to superpubical drainage with these instruments suffered any complications. PMID- 1230630 TI - [Prismatic ophthalmocompensator OKP-1]. PMID- 1230631 TI - [Dosage case for ophthalmic medicated films]. PMID- 1230632 TI - [Biochemical automatic unit AB-1]. PMID- 1230633 TI - [Equipment for programmed multi-channel electric stimulation of the motor neuro muscular structures in man]. AB - It appears possible to apply electric action not only for medical purposes, but also in stimulating the locomotor apparatus of healthy people. To achieve an effective influence on the neuro-muscular structure of the locomotor apparatus in man all-purpose multichannel on the neuro-muscular structure of the locomotor apparatus in man an all-purpose multichannel programmed electric stimulator with an autonomously pre-set program that permits it to form an arbitrary structure of stimulation signals, capable of being reconstructed in the course of the action, is proposed. This makes it possible to more flexibly and accurately take account of a naturally coordinated interaction of the muscles. A simplified portable version of an all-purpose stimulator is discussed. PMID- 1230634 TI - [Endoscopes with fiber optics and light guide manufactured by the Soviet medical industry]. PMID- 1230635 TI - [Densitometric complex for the study of curvilinear biological structures]. PMID- 1230636 TI - [First isolation of Salmonella thompson in Turkey]. PMID- 1230637 TI - [Influenza in Turkey. A closed epidemic and influenza in 1973 and 1974]. PMID- 1230639 TI - [Immunologic surveillance against malignancy and malignant adaptation]. PMID- 1230638 TI - [Oligodynamic effects of metals]. PMID- 1230640 TI - [Standardization of red cell suspensions for complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests]. PMID- 1230641 TI - [Behavior of certain clinical and biohumoral data in children with hepatitis, gastroenteritis and ketosis under corticoid therapy]. PMID- 1230643 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of juvenile asthmatiform bronchitis and of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1230642 TI - [Jejunal immunoglobulins in children with celiac disease during their first two years of life]. PMID- 1230644 TI - [A method for collecting a bronchopulmonary secretion specimen from children]. PMID- 1230645 TI - [Clinical aspects of juvenile asthmatiform bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1230646 TI - [Socio-psycho-affective aspects of juvenile asthma]. PMID- 1230647 TI - [Comparison between the percentile incidence of asthmatic and asthmatiform diseases in 2 samples of juvenile population]. PMID- 1230648 TI - [Effect of the circadian rhythm on corticosteroid administration in the treatment of juvenile asthma. Primary results]. PMID- 1230649 TI - [ A proposed method for the quantitative evaluation of capnographic changes in the infant]. PMID- 1230650 TI - [Application of the capnographic index to infantile asthmatiform bronchitis. Primary results]. PMID- 1230651 TI - [Acoustic neuroma. Apropos of a series of 40 cases]. AB - The authors present statistics of 40 acoustic neuromas operated upon by micro surgical technique in co-operation with oto-neuro-surgery. As regards clinical picture, all persons presenting with unilateral progressive sensoryneural deafness should be subjected to cochlear vestibular and radiologic examination. They advocated essentially two routes:--translabyrinthine approach for the tumours within the internal auditory meatus, --posterior fossa approach for the other tumours. They reported their results and analysed the major advantages of the microsurgical technique which diminish considerably the risk of this surgery, so that the functional result should be of first importance. PMID- 1230652 TI - [The importance of the histological structure of the superficial temporal artery for the functioning of the arterial extra-intracranian anastomosis]. AB - After extra-intracranial anastomosis one could find a considerable dilatation of the superficial temporal artery in a relatively short period of time. This vessel as well as other arteries of the circulatory system were examined histologically. On the basis of a large amount of autopsy material the atherosclerotic changes of the different vessels were correlated. Thus it turned out that the superficial temporal artery revealed another type of atherosclerotic changes. A type which exhibited hardly any calcification, but shows an increase of elastic fibers which make dilatation of the vessel possible despite of its thickened wall and primarily narrowed lumen. PMID- 1230653 TI - [Anomia and alexia during a closed craniocerebral injury]. AB - Observation of a traumatic aphasia in a young man. After a coma and a period of mental confusion, language difficulties are limited, during a few weeks, to a severe global deficit in reading and naming. Meanwhile objects and pictures are perfectly recognized and the meaning of some words can be understood correctly. The commentary is made with reference to previous reports of similar case histories. Clinical and neuropsychological data suggest a focal lesion in the left temporal lobe, probably on the 2nd and the 3rd gyri. PMID- 1230654 TI - [Extracranial angioma with dural participation]. AB - Extracranial congenital arteriovenous malformations are often associated with dural and/or cerebral malformations. One case is presented. The angiography of the common carotid artery revealed no evidence of abnormal vessels into the internal or external carotid territory. The injection of contrast medium into an enlarged epicranial vein showed the extracranial malformation, well opacified; the phlebography revealed also a small dural malformation draining in the superior sagittal sinus. The Authors outline the importance of complete angiographic study in all the cases of extracranial vascular malformations even if the carotid angiography is apparently normal. PMID- 1230655 TI - [Ethrane and neuroleptoanalgesia]. PMID- 1230656 TI - [Our experience with short term anesthesia]. PMID- 1230657 TI - [Dissociative anesthesia with ketamine and hemocoagulation otolaryngological surgery in children]. PMID- 1230658 TI - [The effect of ethrane on various serum enzymatic activities]. PMID- 1230659 TI - [Analgesimetry after ethrane anesthesia]. PMID- 1230660 TI - [Saddle block with bupivacaine]. PMID- 1230661 TI - [Postherpetic neuralgias]. PMID- 1230662 TI - [Acute poisoning due to hydrocarbons derived from petroleum distillation. Clinical and radiological study on 8 cases]. PMID- 1230663 TI - [Immediate toxicity of volatile anesthetics]. PMID- 1230664 TI - [Short term comparative study of effects of n-9 trans-docosenoic (brassidic) acid and n-9, cis-docosenoic (erucic) acid on the cardiac lipids of weanling rats]. AB - Cardiac lipids (triglycerides and phospholipids) of weanling rats fed diets containing 15% by weight of rapeseed oil (RSO), hydrogenated rapeseed oil (HRSO), trierucin (TE) or tribassidin (TB) were analyzed after 3 and 7 days of feeding. The amount of C22:1 was made equal in the 4 diets. Trans-isomers of erucic acid found in HRSO and TB do not cause as high an accumulation of lipids and docosenoic acids in the heart as erucic acid. Digestibility of brassidic acid (46%) is lower than that or erucic acid (83%) but even then, the amount of brassidic acid found in cardiac lipids (calculated per gram of absorbed fatty acid) after 7 days of feeding is 10 times less than that of erucic acid. Brassidic acid, like erucic acid, can be converted into shorter monoenes (C20:1 and C18:1) since transC18:1 has been found in cardiac phospholipids of rats fed trans-docosenoic acid as the only source of trans-acid in the diet. PMID- 1230665 TI - Increased levels of esterified arachidonic acid in plasma by feeding gamma linolenic acid. AB - The effects of diets containing 5% of methyl-gamma-linolenate (delta 6,9,12) or 5% of methyl-alpha-linolenate (delta 9,12,15) on the fatty acid composition of lipids in rat plasma were studied. After 10 days the cholesterol esters and total phospholipids in the plasma of rats fed gamma-linolenate contained higher percentages of arachidonic acid than the corresponding lipid classes in the plasma of rats fed the alpha-isomer. A fairly high percentage of gamma-linolenic acid was incorporated into the cholesterol esters of rats fed methyl-gamma linolenate. PMID- 1230666 TI - Hepatic triglyceride storage and ketonemia in rats fed high fat diets. AB - Hepatic triglycerides and ketonemia were studied on young rats fed a carbohydrate diet C or fat diets f (22.5% fat) and F (41.5% fat) for 8-15 days. Rats were sacrificed between 9 and 11 a.m. (1) Triglycerides and ketonemia varied proportionally to the diets but triglycerides were strikingly increased with protein deficient fat diets (10% proteic calories). Weight gains were then most reduced but ketonemia remained unchanged. (2) A 24-hour fasting was sufficient to suppress the excess of triglycerides while ketonemia remained still more elevated after 48 h of fasting in rats previously fed the fat diet F as compared to diet C. (3) During the adaptation to the fat diet F, liver triglycerides and plasma non-esterified fatty acids showed an acute rise on day 2 followed by a stabilization to lower levels after 8 days and an increase again with ageing (7 months) while ketonemia was relatively stable. The liver participates in adaptation to a fat diet that induces obesity, by the rapid esterification of the exogenous fatty acids and their output back into the circulation as lipoprotein triglycerides. PMID- 1230668 TI - Biochemical assessment of thiamin status in patients with neurosis. AB - The thiamin status of 65 patients with neurosis was studied soon after their admission to the psychiatric department; 49 healthy persons were also studied. In comparison with the control group, the patients with neurosis had a twice as low thiamin excretion and a 22% lower erythrocyte transketolase (p less than 0.001), while their blood pyruvate and pyruvate excretions were 31-38% higher (p less than 0.001). PMID- 1230667 TI - Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and rapeseed protein isolates. AB - Defatted meals of two new varieties of rapeseed, Brassica napus, Erglu and Lesira, and protein isolates prepared therefrom, were fed to chicks that had been depleted of their embryonic protein reserve. First, the animals were fed at a 12% protein level, half of it from rapeseed meal, or a rapeseed protein isolate and, subsequently, at a 20% level, all of it from rapeseed products. Feed consumption, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio revealed better performance of the protein isolates as compared to the corresponding meals. This is attributed to the favorable amino acid patterns of these isolates and the absence of glucosinolates. Erglu meal, too, is eminently suitable as a supplement to chicken feed, whereas Lesira meal, although its amino acid pattern is adequate and similar to that of Erglu meal, showed detrimental effects, probably due to its high glucosinolate content. PMID- 1230669 TI - Cellular immunity in malnourished mice. AB - The effects of malnutrition on the cellular immune response were studied in mice. Cellular immunity, measured by contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, was found to be impaired in protein energy deficient animals. PMID- 1230671 TI - A model system for direct in vivo measurement of absorbed nutrients in portal venous blood. Applicability to alcohol studies. AB - In order to investigate the in vivo effect of alcohol on intestinal absorption and on other factors which influence the rate of appearance of nutrients into the portal venous system, an experimental system has been developed in which separate cannulas have been implanted in the duodenum and portal vein of the rat. Following recovery from surgical procedures, unanesthetized animals may be administered nutrients directly into the duodenum, with and without alcohol, and the rate of appearance of nutrients in the portal system may be monitored by rapid sampling of the portal blood. Potential applicability of this experimental animal is demonstrated by the kinetics obtained with an amino acid, L phenylalanine, both in the presence and the absence of alcohol. PMID- 1230670 TI - Outcome of pregnancy from day 0 to 19 and serum tocopherol levels in mother rats fed on a rapeseed protein concentrate essentially free from glucosinolates. AB - A rapeseed protein concentrate containing only minute amounts of glucosinolates was fed to rats during gestation as the sole source of protein at a 20% dietary protein level. Compared with rats obtaining a casein-based diet at the same level of protein, the mother rats on the rapeseed diet showed much lower weight gains during the last trimester. At day 19 of gestation, rats treated with rapeseed protein showed a reduced number of live fetuses and an increased resorption quotient. The average weight of the fetuses was similar, in some cases even higher, in mother rats given the rapeseed diet vis-a-vis the controls. The animals on the rapeseed diet also showed a highly significant decrease in the serum content of tocopherol, which amounted to between 24 and 41% of the control values. PMID- 1230672 TI - Lipid response to female gonadal hormones of female rats fed a high glucose or a high fructose diet. AB - Sexually mature female rats were given, for 11 weeks, diets high in fructose or glucose and at the same time oestrogen and progestogen were administered both singly and together. Analysis of the lipids in the liver, serum and adipose tissue was carried out after ingestion of 14C-fructose or glucose. Oestrogen lowered the liver triglyceride level but raised the serum triglyceride concentration. Progestogen tended to raise both cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver and serum and it also caused a greater increase in body weight than in control or in the oestrogen animals. An increased specific activity was seen at first in the adipose tissue of the glucose-fed rats receiving the hormones. Overall, there was a tendency for the female gonadal hormones to exaggerate the changes brought about by the high carbohydrate diets. PMID- 1230673 TI - [Analysis of the formation of tissue antigens of the retina of chicks in embryogenesis]. AB - The following antigens were found in the chick retina: one organospecific, three interorganic antigens of narrow specificity characteristic of only the tissues of the eye and brain, and seven interorganic antigens of broad specificity characteristic of, besides the tissues of the eye and brain, many other organs of the chick. The interorganic antigens of broad specificity manifest themselves the first in the retina during development. The interorganic antigens of narrow specificity and the organospecific antigen arise during the period of retinal histogenesis. One of the antigens of narrow specificity (retina--iris--brain) arises in the brain at the same time as in the retina. PMID- 1230674 TI - [Metaplastic transformation of the tissue of the eye in tadpoles and adult Xenopus laevis frogs]. AB - The pigment epithelium of the tadpoles and adults X. laevis, as well as of other anurans and cyprinids, is not capable of transformation into the retina without the special influences of agents produced by the retina. When implanting a layer of pigmented epithelium of tadpoles with the Bruch's membrane into the cavity of lensless eye of a tadpole, the transformation of pigment epithelium into retina proceeded in 40% of cases and when implanting the pigment epithelium of adults without the Bruch's membrane, the transformation proceeded in 68% of cases. The lens regeneration from the cornea which proceeds simultaneously under the retina influence exerted no effect upon the metaplasia of pigmented epithelium. PMID- 1230675 TI - [Some regulatory mechanisms of asexual reproduction in planaria]. AB - The conditions were studied which influenced the reproduction of an asexual race Dugesia tigrina. The decapitation was shown to arrest divisions until the restroration of a new ganglion. The division of intact planarians does not depend on the presence of additional cut head regions and is inhibited in the presence of other intact or decapitated specimens. These data suggest that two antagonistic factors influence the division of planarians: a stimulating factor is related to the activity of the ganglion and is propagated endogenously; an inhibiting factor is localized in the trunk or tail regions. The latter may be secreted outside and influence other specimens. PMID- 1230676 TI - [Ontogenetic changes in the reaction to the effects of pesticides in sensitive and resistant strains of the spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch)]. AB - The susceptibility to pesticide was studied in the resistant and sensitive strains of the red spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. at different developmental stages. A phase of the maximum sensitivity to the effect of drugs was determined in the mite ontogenesis which coincides with the stage of the spiracle protrusion. Changes in the range of stage susceptibility were followed with respect to the acquisition of resistance against acaricides. 3 types of the ontogenetic reaction of resistant specimens are described which appear to be related to the differences in the physiological mechanisms of resistance against the drugs of different chemical groups. PMID- 1230677 TI - [Kinetics of the synthesis of nucleic acids in haploid and diploid loach embryos]. AB - Al kinetic analysis of incorporation of the mixture of 3H-nucleosides in the nucleic acid fractions was carried out to examine the mechanisms of compensation of the genetic material deficiency. Both the haploid and diploid embryos of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) were analyzed. When comparing the DNA and RNA syntheses, the level of phosphorylation (nucleotide pool) in the both genetic variants was under control. The rate of incorporation of the labelled nucleosides in DNA was shown to be higher in haploids at the early developmental stages than in diploids but later it became the same. The increased level of DNA replication in the early haploid embryos was due to the compensatory increase of the cell number in them as compared with the diploid ones. The rate of total RNA synthesis corrected by the differences in the rate of nucleoside phosphorylation varied directly with the degree of ploidy at the blastula stage; at the gastrula stage the value of RNA synthesis per haploid genome was compensated, and at the stage of organogenesis the production of total RNA, as calculated per cell, became in haploids even higher than in diploids. The data obtained suggest the essential changes in the patterns of RNA synthesis control during development. PMID- 1230678 TI - [Apical growth of the bud in Hydra]. AB - The experiments with markers combined with the vital and histological methods have shown that there is a zone of apical accretion in the bud of Hydra attenuatu. During one of the phases of periodic cell movement, the mesoglea breaks through in the center of apex and the endodermal cells insert in the ectoderm. PMID- 1230679 TI - [Clonal theory of differentiation of B. Mints and the "law of 2" for the number of cells and fibers in the formations of the brain]. PMID- 1230680 TI - [Tendon homoplasty in children]. PMID- 1230681 TI - [Errors in rendering first aid to patients with injuries of tendons of the flexors and nerves of the forearm]. PMID- 1230682 TI - [Operations by anterior approach in diseases and injuries of the cervical spine]. PMID- 1230683 TI - [Pathogenetic correlation of cervical osteochondrosis and arteriosclerotic encephalopathy]. PMID- 1230684 TI - [Mechanical properties of fibrous ring of the intact intervertebral lumbar disks during vertical compression]. PMID- 1230685 TI - [Changes in the spine in congenital experimental scoliosis]. PMID- 1230686 TI - [Causes of failures of posterior spondylodesis in scoliosis in children]. PMID- 1230687 TI - [Stimulating role of methyluracil in tendon regeneration]. PMID- 1230688 TI - [Reimplantation of the thumb]. PMID- 1230689 TI - [Artificial tendon sheaths from the blood vessels]. PMID- 1230690 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries of the lateral burso-ligamental apparatus of the knee joint]. PMID- 1230691 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the ligamental apparatus]. PMID- 1230692 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of rupture of the tendons of the long head of biceps brachii]. PMID- 1230693 TI - Preliminary determination of the degree of lengthening of the Achilles tendon. PMID- 1230694 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the first osseo-fibrous canal in Quervain's disease]. PMID- 1230695 TI - [Changes in the activity of the neuro-muscular, respiratory and cardiovascular systems in children with scoliosis]. PMID- 1230696 TI - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in severe degree of scoliosis]. PMID- 1230697 TI - [Posterior spondylodesis in scoliosis with correction of deformity by the Harrington type distractor and osteotomy of transverse processes]. PMID- 1230698 TI - [Hematuria and acute gastric dilatation after osteoplastic fixation of the spine in a patient with scoliosis]. PMID- 1230699 TI - [Basic mechanical characteristics of spinal fixators]. PMID- 1230700 TI - [Pathology of the musculo-skeletal apparatus among workers of the machinery industry]. PMID- 1230701 TI - [Endoprosthesis of the coxofemoral joint in treating rheumatoid arthritis and Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 1230702 TI - [Total homoplastic transplantation of the knee joint with a vascular anastomosis (an experimental study)]. PMID- 1230703 TI - [Operative treatment of pseudarthroses of the femur neck]. PMID- 1230704 TI - [Objective criteria for the selection of dermatoplastic operations in treating trophic ulcers]. PMID- 1230705 TI - [Total prosthesis of the coxofemoral joint, the problems of indications for it and the operative difficulties]. PMID- 1230706 TI - [Replantation of the extremity using hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 1230707 TI - [Some aspects of treating lesions of the coxofemoral joint and trochanteric region]. PMID- 1230708 TI - [Biochemical aspects of the action of thyrocalcitonin in diseases and lesions of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 1230709 TI - [Character of the change in some biochemical indices of regenerating bone tissue under the influence of exogenous RNA and adrenal extract]. PMID- 1230710 TI - [Late sequelae of gunshot wounds of the upper extremities in World War II disabled veterans]. PMID- 1230711 TI - [Transposition of the cotyloid cavity]. PMID- 1230712 TI - [Tendoplasty of the deep flexors of the fingers]. PMID- 1230713 TI - [Late results of treating dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle]. PMID- 1230714 TI - [Effect of skutamil-C on the state of skeletal muscle tonus in rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis of the coxofemoral joint]. PMID- 1230715 TI - [Geographical distribution of Erlacher-Blount disease]. PMID- 1230717 TI - [Arthroses and their current treatment (a lecture)]. PMID- 1230716 TI - [Titanium alloys for bone surgery]. PMID- 1230718 TI - Filter paper adsorption method for detecting activity of several enzymes on the gastric mucosa. PMID- 1230719 TI - Purification of superoxide dismutases from Mycobacterium phlei. PMID- 1230720 TI - Study on the diagnostic value of electrocardiographic criteria for assessmento of left atrial overload. PMID- 1230721 TI - Multivariate analysis of stroke risk factors in Japanese rural districts. PMID- 1230722 TI - Antihypertensive effect of prostaglandin E2 analogue by oral administration. PMID- 1230723 TI - Peripheral blood findings of young females through the result of blood tests of students of a women's college. (Part 2) Calorie intake during camp training and athlete's anemia. PMID- 1230724 TI - Some effects of serum components on osmotic fragility of red blood cells. PMID- 1230725 TI - Changes in cell numbers and activities of lymphocyte-subpopulations in the progress of uterine cervical cancer. PMID- 1230726 TI - IVth International Symposium on the Locoregional Treatment of Tumors-III. Saint Vincent, September 19-21, 1973 Arterial infusion chemotherapy. PMID- 1230727 TI - Intra-arterial cytotoxic therapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Interim report of a trial. PMID- 1230728 TI - Regional chemotherapy plus surgery: a prospective randomized study. PMID- 1230729 TI - Bronchial artery infusion therapy for lung cancer as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy. Analysis of 170 cases in Japan. PMID- 1230730 TI - Treatment of primary and secondary liver cancer by protracted arterial chemotherapy. PMID- 1230731 TI - Continuous intra-arterial infusion for treating Jensen sarcoma. PMID- 1230732 TI - Results of intra-arterial infusion in combination with irradiation and surgery in the treatment of cancer of the head and neck. PMID- 1230733 TI - Loco-regional selective chemotherapy in advanced neoplasias of the head and neck. I-Techniques. PMID- 1230734 TI - Loco-regional selective chemotherapy in advanced neoplasias of the head and neck. II Results. PMID- 1230735 TI - Our experience of intra-arterial chemotherapy in head and neck tumours. About sixty-three treated cases at the Henri Becquerel's Hospital. PMID- 1230736 TI - The management of advanced head and neck neoplasms by continuous intra-arterial infusion and irradiation. PMID- 1230737 TI - Combined intra-arterial infusional chemotherapy of advanced head and neck tumors. PMID- 1230738 TI - The intra-arterial infusion of antiblastic drugs for tumors of the head and neck. A critical evaluation of long term results. PMID- 1230740 TI - Bronchial artery infusion therapy for unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 1230739 TI - Histological changes of squamous cell carcinoma induced by continuous intra arterial infusion of high doses of methotrexate. PMID- 1230742 TI - [Decomposition of proteins of the organs and tissues after death and resuscitation]. PMID- 1230743 TI - [Comparative evaluation of blood circulation and oxygen tension in different tissues in the acute period of prolonged compression of the limbs]. PMID- 1230741 TI - Four and one half year cancer-free survival after ambulatory arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracile for cancer in the liver. PMID- 1230744 TI - [Pathogenesis of disorders of cardiac function in blood transfusion shock]. PMID- 1230745 TI - [Physiological characteristics of collateral circulation in experimental stenosis of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 1230746 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the posthemorrhagic restoration of hemoglobin and certain components of blood serum]. PMID- 1230747 TI - [Resistane and tolerance to chloral hydrate of rats having grown under conditions of the action of skeleto-muscular loads]. PMID- 1230748 TI - [Activity of certain oxidoreductases in the heart with disturbed vagus innervation in hypoxia]. PMID- 1230749 TI - [Role of nonspecific injury of the intestinal mucosa in the development of cancer]. PMID- 1230751 TI - [Mechanism of the damaging effect of antiplacental serum on rat embryos]. PMID- 1230750 TI - [Role of certain indicators of the system of hemostasis in dogs after acute blood loss]. PMID- 1230752 TI - [Changes of certain properties of erythrocytes in experimental arthritis and intense immunogenesis]. PMID- 1230753 TI - [Role of disorders of the function of organs and systems of the body in development of irreversibility of damage during resuscitation after prolonged circulatory arrest]. PMID- 1230754 TI - [Comparative data on the changes in certain indicators of lipid metabolism in different forms of experimental hypertension]. PMID- 1230755 TI - [Effect of adrenaline and pilocarpine on arterial pressure of dogs of different "hemodynamic" type]. PMID- 1230756 TI - [Electron myotonograph]. PMID- 1230757 TI - [Phase analysis indices of cardiac systole and diastole in healthy newborn infants depending on the heart rhythm]. PMID- 1230758 TI - [Catamnesic data and the rehabilitation of children who have undergone mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 1230759 TI - [Erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase level during the use of massive doses of penicillin in meningococcal infection in children]. PMID- 1230760 TI - [Immunoglobulin G, A and M content in chronic pneumonia in children]. PMID- 1230761 TI - [Some problems in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital spastic wryneck in children]. PMID- 1230762 TI - [Characteristics of epileptic mental retardation in children]. PMID- 1230763 TI - [Clinical aspects, characteristics of the course and the surgical treatment of cephalohematomas]. PMID- 1230764 TI - [Rational use of cardiac glycosides in certain diseases in childhood]. PMID- 1230765 TI - [Abramov-Fiedler idiopathic myocarditis]. PMID- 1230766 TI - [Pyruvic and lactic acid content in the blood of the uterine vessels and in the venous blood of parturients in the dynamics of normal labor]. PMID- 1230767 TI - [Oxygen tension in the uterine muscle and mitochondrial respiratory function in normal and inertia-complicated labor]. PMID- 1230768 TI - [Functional state of the liver in the anemia of pregnant women]. PMID- 1230769 TI - [Effect of serotonin, oxytocin and euphyllin on the blood flow and bioenergetics of the placenta]. PMID- 1230770 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the placenta in older primiparae]. PMID- 1230771 TI - [Modern data on extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 1230772 TI - [Effect of physical loads on the function of the ovaries]. PMID- 1230773 TI - [Treatment of hydatid mole with lutein ovarian cysts]. PMID- 1230775 TI - Problems of peptic ulceration in the elderly. PMID- 1230774 TI - [Morphological variability of cervical cancer metastases to the lymph nodes]. PMID- 1230776 TI - Effect of tri-postassium di-citrato bismuthate (TDB) on the healing of experimental gastric ulcers in rats. PMID- 1230777 TI - Diagnostic problems in peptic ulceration: an endoscopist's view. PMID- 1230778 TI - Diagnostic problems in peptic ulceration: a radiologist's view. PMID- 1230779 TI - Treatment of gastric ulceration with a bismuth preparation. PMID- 1230780 TI - [Study in vitro of the sensory and effector functions of human lymphocytes]. PMID- 1230781 TI - [Serologically determined antigens of dog leukocytes]. PMID- 1230782 TI - [Mechanism of the action of hemolysis products on hematopoiesis]. PMID- 1230783 TI - [Study of some mechanisms of the effect of phytohemagglutinin and antilymphocyte serum on the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue]. PMID- 1230784 TI - [Changes in the quantity and level of bone marrow cells and precursor cells of granulopoiesis in organ cultures of human bone marrow]. PMID- 1230785 TI - [Muscular control in a regime of stabilization and rhythmic activation]. PMID- 1230786 TI - [Spinal cord vasomotor reflexes--critique of the concept of a bulbar vasomotor center]. PMID- 1230787 TI - [Results of physical modeling of the human semicircular canal system. Vestibular apparatus functioning during head oscillations]. PMID- 1230789 TI - [Mechanical parameters of small blood vessels]. PMID- 1230788 TI - [Causes of orthostatic instability]. PMID- 1230790 TI - [Role of diffusion in the intrapulmonary blending of gases]. PMID- 1230791 TI - [The effect of pressure and the composition of the gaseous medium on the pO2 and pCO2 gradients between mixed alveolar air and arterial blood]. PMID- 1230792 TI - [The role of the "VA/Q line" in a periodically ventilated lung model]. PMID- 1230793 TI - [A quantum electronic approach to the study of the first stage of photosynthesis]. PMID- 1230794 TI - [Physical characteristics of the first stage of photosynthesis]. PMID- 1230795 TI - [One cooperative model of the first stage of photosynthesis]. PMID- 1230796 TI - [Kinetics of oxygen release by unicellular algae]. PMID- 1230797 TI - [Joint moment during human walking and the task of maintaining equilibrium]. PMID- 1230798 TI - [Responses of hydrodynamically interacting semicircular canals to an adequate stimulus]. PMID- 1230799 TI - [Abnormal popliteal arteries]. AB - Arteriopathy restricted to the popliteal artery, except in cases of atheroma, must indicate three of four unusual diagnoses: the trapped popliteal artery and the dessicating haematoma are anatomo-clinical entities that have been identified only relatively recently. The popliteal artery may be trapped by the medial gastrocnomius muscle, round the tendon of which the artery passes (totally or partially). This results in compression of the artery and eventually in thrombosis. Clinically, intermittent claudication is seen that may deteriorate and lead to gangrene of the toes. Arteriography makes it possible to diagnose the condition as the condition as the artery is considerably displaced inwards. Surgical correction is simple: sectioning of the tendon and repositioning of the artery. Dessicating haematoma of the popliteal artery is due essentially to atheroma, associated with medianecrosis. A "egg-timer" stenosis is found by arteriography and this condition also progresses towards thrombosis. Arterial restoration is called for, usually by bridging. PMID- 1230800 TI - [Thromboembolism and synthetic estroprogestational hormones. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1230801 TI - [Eczema in varicose vein patients]. PMID- 1230802 TI - [Thoraco-brachial outlet syndrome]. AB - Under this name are included all the neurovascular disorders of ftthe upper limb caused by compression of the subclavian vessels and the vessels of the brachial plexus. There are three dangerous anatomical regions where trouble can arise: the now of scalene muscles, the costo-clavicular interspace, and the pulley of the smaller pectoral muscle. The clinical manifestations are fairly variable but often indicate the diagnosis. Certain clinical tests, in particular angiography with the arm in hyperabduction contribute towards confirmation. With minor forms of the syndrome rehabilitation should suffice. In other cases the cause of the sompression can be removed by surgery: sectioning of the anterior scalene, suppresion of a cervical rib, and particularly resection of the first rib, as this plays an important role. PMID- 1230803 TI - [Tissue necrosis after sclerosing injection]. PMID- 1230804 TI - [Arteriography and its contribution to the treatment of arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1230806 TI - [The place of axillofemoral bridges in the treatment of arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. AB - Certain patients who would be candidates for aorto-iliac revascularization surgery because of decubitus pain or gangrene, are not suitable for direct surgery because of general contraindications. Axillo-femoral bridging is thus an excellent and less aggressive revascularization procedure for these patients in order to avoid amputation. The authors carried out this type of bridging 261 times in 5 years in cases of high surgical risk. PMID- 1230805 TI - [Indications for aorto and iliofemoral bridges]. AB - As distinct from aneurysmal and embolic lesions, chronic aorto-iliac obliterating lesions often involve a difficult choice of therapy: whether to be optimistic and treat the lesions medically because they are discrete and not dangerous; to amputate because the lesions are too advanced; to carry out careful consservative surgery, hyperaemizing surgery, or alternatively more radical surgery involving deobliteration or bridging. The clinical picture (general condition, social context, clinical stage, unilateral or bilateral lesions) will influence the decision, but the last word depends on the aorto-arteriographic picture and on the result of vasomotor tests. Arterial reconstruction by bridging using a Dacron prosthesis is not advised except in a minority of cases. PMID- 1230807 TI - [Bridges through the obturator foramen and suprapubic bridges]. AB - Bridging through the obturator foramen and suprapubic cross-bridging are among the types of atypical bridging most frequently used in vascular reconstructive surgery. Suprapubic bridging, as with axillofemoral bridging, makes revascularization possible when there are contra-indications to a transperitoneal approach to the aortic bifurcation. Bridging through the obturator foramen makes it possible to avoid the edge of the scrapa, particularly when there is suppuration. These types of bridging, which are often the only way of avoiding amputation or of taking a grave risk, give results that are quite acceptable if not comparable to those obtained by the standard techniques. PMID- 1230808 TI - [Principles of surgery of the deep femoral artery in arteritis of the lower extremities]. AB - The role of the deep femoral artery has too often been ignored in the assessment of arteritis of the lower limb. This anatomical distribution, which seems to be restricted to the thig, has left pride of place to the superficial artery as being responsible for intermittent claudication. In fact the deep femoral artery represents an exceptional and privileged route for anastomosis that is capable of replacing almost perfectly an obstructed superficial femoral artery and also in a more limited way femoro-popliteal arteries with extensive obstructions. The authors estimate that the deep femoral artery represents a true physiological bypass for a thrombosed superficial femoral artery on which a lumbar sympathectomy has a particularly remarkable action. It is important, in order to obtain as good a result as possible, that the flow in the deep femoral artery should be good, which presupposes complete freedom of the iliac axis and good permeability of the trunk of the artery, begining at its ostium. Surgery of the deep femoral artery is short or lon angioplastic surgery depending on the type of lesion, usually involving a venous patch. The surgical approach is straightforward. Whe it is used for isolated lesions or as the last stage of aorto-iliac surgery, delicate angioplasty of the deep femoral artery is a perfectly feasible operation which the authors believe should take its place, in association with lumbar sympathectomy, in the restoration of the superficial femoral artery. PMID- 1230809 TI - [Restoration of the aortic-iliac trunk at on the deep femoral artery]. PMID- 1230810 TI - [Lumbar sympathectomy]. AB - The authors undertook a study of the present indications for lumbar sympathectomy in cases of obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs. The principal physiological effects are described in addition to its action on the circulation. Apart from the opening of arteriovenous shunts, the lifting of the precapillary block should be emphasized since this increases the flow and consequently leads to the development of the collateral circulation. A recent experiment over a period of three years involving 457 hospitalized patients is then analysed: out of 371 conservative operations performed, 169 involved restorative arterial surgery and 202 involved only lumbar sympathectomy. Lumbar sympathectomy was combined with the arterial surgery in 150 of the 169 cases quoted above. Lumbar sympathectomy alone is required in stages III and IV when arterial is not possible. At stage II, there is a choice, sympathectomy being preferred to direct surgery. The results are analysed and the best were obtained with patients at stage II. PMID- 1230811 TI - [Chances of avoiding amputation in an arteritis patient with gangrene]. AB - During the period 1970-1974, restorative surgery was carried out 324 times in patients with gangrene or severe ischaemia caused by arteritis of the lower limbs. In 67 percent of the cases major excision surgery, such as amputation at the thigh or of the whole leg, was avoided and the support was retained. In 61 cases (19 percent) amputation was necessary either immediately or within a few weeks or months. Death occurred in 47 patients (14 percent) either in the operative period or in the 3 following years. PMID- 1230812 TI - [Surgical indications in arteritis of the lower extremities in 70-year-old patients]. PMID- 1230813 TI - [Results of lumbar sympathectomy intervention in arteritis of the lower extremities. Apropos of 186 cases]. PMID- 1230814 TI - [Law of laminar flow and law of turbulence: application to sclerosing therapy of the varicose internal saphenous vein]. PMID- 1230815 TI - [Sclerosing therapy applied to 300 cases of essential varices of the internal saphenous vein and results]. PMID- 1230816 TI - [Critical analysis of the use of venotonics in phlebologic practice. Apropos of 40 cases treated with dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 1230817 TI - [Possibilities for the use of a wirelsss telemetric technic in electroencephalography]. AB - Telemetry is the transmission of the test data of moving object, with a distinction being made between wireless and wire-connected telemetry. The applicability of this technique is examined on the basis of experience gained, and data gathered from books and articles on the subject. Biotelemetry constitutes a new development in technology and methodology which, if critically applied in meeting the various challenges confronting the specialist, can render useful service in the field of electroencephalography. PMID- 1230818 TI - [Medical opinion including structure-specific situations of temptation and frustration (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230819 TI - [Psychotherapeutic counselling - theory and technique (author's transl)]. AB - The theory of psychotherapeutic counselling is based on the assumption that human behavior is a dialectic process between progression and regression. The goal of progression is autonomy, the constructive and meaningful handling of things and people. The goal of regression is being cared for, the experience of being accepted and protected. Active attempts at learning lead to progressive goals, needs and passive movements lead to regressive goals. Attempts at learning are put under pressure, protection-seeking movements are manipulated and fixed. Insight, confrontation and projects are the means of psychotherapeutic counselling. Insight helps to understand situations and interactions which cause illness and to detect symptomatic forms of behavior. Both the external and the internal conditions of behavior have to be cleared up. Confrontation interpretes the present relationship and provides the learning process with sample experiences. Projects are designs of behavior conceived during counselling, systematically tried out outside the counselling session. The goal of psychotherapeutic counselling is to enable the patient to change critically the situation and the self. PMID- 1230820 TI - [Psychoanalytic interpretation of sleep-disturbances. Model of a structural theoretical classification (author's transl)]. AB - In psychoanalytic literature anxiety, guilt-feelings and unconscious hostility are assumed to be the most common causes of spleeplessness. The author attempts to ascribe these emotions to conflicts between the instances of the psychoanalytic personality model as a structure-theoretical classification of sleep-disturbances. Three large groups emerge: Neurotic disturbances of sleep with internalized conflicts (these correspond essentially to what are generally understood to be neurotic sleep-disturbances), neurotic disturbances of sleep with externalized conflicts (these are more common in childhood) and non-neurotic sleep disturbances. Within these groups the relative parts of effectiveness of the instances of the psychoanalytic personality-model - ego, super-ego, id and reality - are discussed. PMID- 1230822 TI - [Similarities and interaction between family and psychiatric institution (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230821 TI - [A contribution to handling counter-transference in borderline patients (author's transl)]. AB - This paper is based on the concept that, instead of neurotic conflicts as studied and treated by Freud, Earlier ego-disturbances e.g. psychotic and borderline reactions have nowadays become prominent and need a very different technique of treatment. These so called archaic ego-illnesses are due to an unresolved symbiosis complex, a disturbance which arises already in very early childhood before the development of speech. On a sample of a female borderline patient the author tries to show that in such cases active use of countertransference often provides the only technique with which the psychotherapist may recognize on an averbal plane the needs of the patient and may be able to make them available to her verbally. PMID- 1230823 TI - [Problems of bringing psychotherapy of in-patients to an end (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230824 TI - [Neuroses: a way of self-help and flight (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230825 TI - [Current developments in genetics and their implications concerning the problems of social deviations]. AB - A review of historical developments in the field of human genetics reveals much conflict between those espousing and hereditarian position and those maintaining an environmentalist point of view. A confusion of political, propaganda, and ideological objectives with those of science has had deleterious effects on the field of human genetics, and upon the willingness of some disciplines to accept genetic contributions to the understanding of human behavior. Modern thinking in behavioral genetics rejects the Nature-Nurture dichotomy as incorrect and meaningless. The phenotype cannot be inherited; it develops as a function of interactions between the genotype and the environment. It is convenient to think of hereditary contributions to behavioral traits as fixing a reaction range; the genotype may be viewed as determining an indefinite but nevertheless circumscribed assortment of phenotypes. There have been numerous studies seeking to ascertain the genetic factors in a variety of mental disorders. The mental disorder most thoroughly studied from a genetic standpoint is schizophrenia. Three recent studies of adoptees, two in Denmark and one in America, have indicated the importance of hereditary factors in schizophrenia. Biological relatives of adoptees diagnosed as schizophrenic were more likely themselves to have suffered schizophrenic-spectrum disorders than were biological relatives of non-schizophrenic adoptees. Adoptees whose biological parents were schizophrenic or manic depressive were more likely to themselves be diagnosed schizophrenic than were adoptees whose biological parents had no psychiatric history. Children born to hospitalized schizophrenic women and who were placed for adoption shortly after birth were more likely to be schizophrenic than were matched control adoptees born to non-schizophrenic mothers. In studies conducted in Denmark, Schulsinger has also employed the adoptee method in studies of psychopathy. Diagnostic criteria were developed to reliably identify 57 cases of psychopathy from among 507 adoptees with known mental disorders. A non-psychopathic group of matched control adoptees was also formed. Mental illness among the relatives of these adoptee cases (biological and adoptive relatives) was ascertained through a careful search of psychiatric records. Psychopathic spectrum disorders were found to be more than twice as prevalent among biological relatives of the psychopathic index cases than was the case for biological relatives of the control cases. The percentage of affected cases among adoptive relatives was nearly equal for both study groups. Thus, this study provides a demonstration of the possible importance of genetic factors in the etiology of psychopathy. Other attempts to assess hereditary and constitutional aspects of criminal behavior have been made. These include twin studies and also Eysenck's study of the heritability of behavioral traits including extraversion, introversion, and emotionality. PMID- 1230826 TI - [Social unsuitability in the developmental age. Hypothesis for new structures helping social adjustment]. AB - In this report the Authors analise, according to their different competences, from a psychiatric, psycho-sociological, and of judicial politics point of view, a case of neurosis of conflict during adolescence, with an anti-social development, regarding which it has been ascertained that the measures of restoration, which have been adopted, have failed their purpose. They have, as a matter of fact, paradoxically fixed the subject even more in his anti-social condition, not giving him the possibility of escaping the psycho-pathological destiny of negative sociopatic deviation. The Authors, in this report, reflect upon the meaning of the Institutes of restoration and punishment in the light of the new re-educational conceptions, pointing out their limits. They long for the institution of supplementary structures of little dimensions in the bosom of the family, well integrated with the school, the working milieu, and the local community and wish the structures of restoration for anti-social disadaptations to stop from being static Institutions far from the real social problems of a democratic life, in order to become centers of social democratic life and places of comparison, according to a dialectic method of knowledge, between subculture as deviation (which is not always negative) and the dominating culture with its needs and rules. PMID- 1230827 TI - [Evaluation of the aggressiveness in a group of adolescents from Puerto Rico]. AB - This study is aimed at analyzing from a phenomenological and descriptive viewpoint, the psychodiagnostic and behaviour validity of the legal categories: "delinquents/non-delinquents" and "violent delinquents/non-violent delinquents", as compared to certain features of their personality which determine a violent behaviour in adolescents. To this end, the Rorschach records and the sketches of three groups of Puerto Rican adolescents, have been analyzed and compared. The results of the projective test, statistically compared, showed some significant differences between delinquent individuals and non-delinquent individuals, while the differences between violent delinquents and non-violent delinquents are not meaningful. These results prove that the psychodiagnostic modality "violence" is a standard feature of the delinquent group and it can be neither considered no included in the legal category of "violent crimes". However, different interpretations are possible and several ways for additional thorough studies and investigations can be envisaged. PMID- 1230828 TI - [Prison Saliceta San Giuliano (Modena). Criminological service for study and treatment of persons under security measures]. PMID- 1230829 TI - [Intervention in case P/1 published in issue No. 3, July-September 1973]. PMID- 1230830 TI - [Center for prevention of drug dependence at the S. Vittore Prison in Milan]. PMID- 1230831 TI - [Genetics and criminology: a new concept]. AB - The early history of criminology was one of interaction with genetics and biology, but since the sociological school emerged in the 1920's there has occurred a major split between sociological criminology and biology. Behavioral genetics as it has developed since 1950 has great relevance to criminology in terms of neurological and brain functioning, learning processes, violence and the XYY syndrome, and the sociopathy. A new interdisciplinary research effort must be undertaken in order to look at the interaction of genetics, human behavior, criminal law and criminology. If criminology is interested in learning, motivation, aggression and behavior, it must incorporate the new genetics into its theoretical structure. PMID- 1230832 TI - [Organized and professional crime: a comparative approach]. AB - After a short preliminary statement of a terminological character, the authors review the basic features of professional and organized crime, also in relation to historically well defined aspects of it, of the "crime-syndicate" type. The tracts differentiating in this sector the European criminality from the North American one are identified, and the most significant examples of criminal organization active in recent times especially in Great Britain are illustrated. The survey is carried out taking into account the quantitative and qualitative evolution of the phenomenon and probing further into the value and function that the various categories of crime operators assume in the most modern forms of organized crime. A special attention is devoted to the activities of particular importance that precede and follow the perpetration of crimes. The problem of the professional and organized crime is also viewed in the light of the difference existing in the various European countries, and of the easy access to international connections which afford to this type of crime quite a comprehensive scope of action and which involve a greater difficulty of the activities carried out by the authorities of the various countries. The authors finally emphasize the gravity of the new forms of crime that are being committed especially in the business field, and urge all those concerned in criminological problems to devote their attention to the phenomenon, delving further into the connection it has with the deviance theory. PMID- 1230833 TI - [Deliquency: an alternative to melancholy]. AB - The authors by illustrating three cases of deviant behaviour (of which two followed up in psychotherapy), and referring to the figure of the "criminal urged by a sense of guilt" described by Freud, declare that criminality may represent an alternative to melancholy. They also state that the antisocial behaviour is the most economical "solution" for the subject possessed by the sense of guilt originated by the Super-Ego for the unconscious ambivalence conflicts towards the parental figures. In fact, perpetrating a crime the delinquent is punished for a crime whose importance is lower than those conceived by their fantasy (incest, parricide) by a tribunal that does not apply the lex talionis, unlike the Super Ego. The authors finally point out that criminality not always represents the "solution" of a neurotic conflict and this is due to the fact that the "choice" is also dependent upon the socio-economic conditions of the various subjects. PMID- 1230834 TI - [Analyst in initial dreams]. PMID- 1230835 TI - [Treatment of narcissistic personality disorders]. PMID- 1230836 TI - [Melanie Klein's technic]. PMID- 1230837 TI - [Fate of the ego in the therapeutic procedure[]. PMID- 1230838 TI - [Symbiosis and separation. The phenomenology of human relationships]. PMID- 1230839 TI - [Significance of the separation and individuation process for the evaluation of borderline phenomena]. PMID- 1230840 TI - [2 dimensions of psychoanalytic interpretation and the "unconscious concept"]. PMID- 1230841 TI - [Morality and criminality. Psychological remarks on Karl Kraus]. PMID- 1230842 TI - [Psychodynamics in Heinrich von Kleist's "Michael Kohlhaas"]. PMID- 1230843 TI - [Social criticism in the interpretation process]. PMID- 1230844 TI - [Fanaticism. A study in depth psychology]. PMID- 1230845 TI - [Psychic effects of addicting drugs. Attempt at a psychoanalytic theory of addiction]. PMID- 1230846 TI - [Medical psychotherapy on psychoanalytical bases]. PMID- 1230847 TI - [Character neurosis. Remarks on the history of a term, on the specific dynamics, and on the analytical process]. PMID- 1230848 TI - [Ligurinus shock. (II.) Narcissistic puberty crisis and its recurrence in a 50 year-old man]. PMID- 1230849 TI - [Schizophrenic adolescents in the struggle for separation and individuation]. PMID- 1230850 TI - [Duties and limitations of the child psychotherapist in our society]. PMID- 1230851 TI - [Symbiosis and individuation. The psychic birth of the human child]. PMID- 1230852 TI - [Reactions of small children to short-term separation from their mothers in the light of new observations]. PMID- 1230853 TI - [Playing doctor, being sick, and the medical vocation]. PMID- 1230854 TI - [Psychoanalysis and female sexuality]. PMID- 1230855 TI - [Freud's views on female sexuality. Retrospective considerations]. PMID- 1230856 TI - [Mother conflict, femininity and reality disorders]. PMID- 1230857 TI - [Difficulties of being a psychoanalyst]. PMID- 1230858 TI - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria in anemic pregnant patients]. PMID- 1230859 TI - [Role of the professional paramedic in gyneco-obstetric care]. PMID- 1230860 TI - [Histopathological and clinical correlation of abnormal uterine hemorrages]. PMID- 1230861 TI - [Treatment of genital flux. Gonorrhea and trichomoniasis]. PMID- 1230862 TI - [Treatment of genital malformations in women]. PMID- 1230863 TI - [Maternal care and morbidity in the region of Valparaiso]. PMID- 1230864 TI - [The value of colposcopy in the cervix uterine conization (experience in 220 patients)]. PMID- 1230865 TI - [Female sterilization. Retrospective evaluation and perspectives in the central area of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 1230866 TI - [Pelvipneumography and its surgical verification]. PMID- 1230867 TI - [Determination of the gestational age by means of a point system applied to 4 variables selected from the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1230869 TI - [Sex chromatin in cells of amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1230868 TI - [Hormone regulation of male fertility]. PMID- 1230870 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumors in gynecology]. PMID- 1230871 TI - [Relation between colposcopic and histological images of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 1230872 TI - [Retroperitoneal pelvic tumors of nongynecologic origin]. PMID- 1230873 TI - [Urbach-Wiethe disease. Vulvovaginal involvment]. PMID- 1230875 TI - [Newcastle disease in Ethiopia: study of a strain]. PMID- 1230874 TI - [Thrombocytopenic pupura and pregnancy]. PMID- 1230877 TI - Aortic onchocerciasis in cattle in Zaria (Nigeria). PMID- 1230876 TI - [Swine balantidiosis in the Republic of Zaire and its treatment with niridazole (Ambilhar)]. PMID- 1230878 TI - [Hepatic and gastric trematode infections of the Central African zebu]. PMID- 1230879 TI - [Treatment of bovine ocular thelaziosis in Senegal]. PMID- 1230880 TI - [Complementary studies on ophthalmotropic lepidoptera in West Africa]. PMID- 1230881 TI - [The genital organs of the female Zebu]. PMID- 1230882 TI - [The tick Amblyomma variegatum (ixodidae), apparently resistant to arsenic, in Madagascar]. PMID- 1230883 TI - [Detoxified peanut cakes for poultry feeding]. PMID- 1230884 TI - [Principal herbaceous species in various pasture lands in Adamoua, Cameroon. Ecology and dynamics under various rhythms of use]. PMID- 1230885 TI - [Determination of residual moisture in lyophilized vaccines by the Karl Fischer reagent. Technic and causes of errors]. PMID- 1230886 TI - [Parabronema longispiculatum n. sp., a stomach parasite of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach, 1797)]. PMID- 1230887 TI - [Experimental treatment of strongylosis of the digestive tract of sheep in tropical zones with morantel tartrate]. PMID- 1230888 TI - [Factors leading to the choice of breeding season at the C.R.Z. (Centre de Racherches Zootechniques) of Dara (Senegal)]. PMID- 1230889 TI - [Trial in artificial insemination in Cameroon by means of imported frozen semen. I. Artificial insemination of female zebus in natural hear]. PMID- 1230890 TI - [Djallonkbreed of sheep in Cameroon. Zootechnical potentials, conditions of breeding, and its future]. PMID- 1230891 TI - [Notes on bovine demography in Sahel. I. Theoretical representation and projection of a herd by a mathematical model]. PMID- 1230892 TI - [Notes on bovine demography in Sahel. II. Theoretical representation and projection of a herd by a mathematical model after a catastrophe]. PMID- 1230893 TI - [Experimental modification of the terminal phase of the CNV]. PMID- 1230894 TI - [A solution to the problem of electroencephalography archives: microfilm]. PMID- 1230896 TI - [The search for indices of discrimination of average evoked potentials. (II). Utilisation of coefficients of determination]. PMID- 1230895 TI - [Effects of profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest on the intra-operative electroencephalogram of the infant]. PMID- 1230897 TI - [3 cases of Lambert-Eaton syndrome]. PMID- 1230898 TI - Permanent contracture of the striated muscle: report of a peculiar case. PMID- 1230899 TI - [Electroencephalographic expression of hemiplegic migraine]. PMID- 1230900 TI - [Electroencephalographic aspects of vascular hemiplegia in the aged subject. Longitudinal study and prognostic elements apropos of 156 cases]. PMID- 1230901 TI - [Optokinetic examination in the school-age child. A: frequency, amplitude, and rhythm]. PMID- 1230902 TI - [Definition, morphology and topography of localized seizure activities with no apparent clinical manifestations]. PMID- 1230903 TI - [Comparison of the origins of "infraclinical" spike paroxysms and spontaneous electro-clinical seizures in epilepsy]. PMID- 1230905 TI - [Modulation at spike foci in children studied by biotelemetry]. PMID- 1230904 TI - [Evolution of paroxysmal discharges during radiotelemetry in a child suffering from "gelastic epilepsy"]. PMID- 1230906 TI - [Necrotizing encephalitis. EEG study. Relationship with eventual epileptic manifestations]. PMID- 1230907 TI - [EEG in intoxication by cholinesterase inhibitors (organo-phosphate insecticides)]. PMID- 1230908 TI - [Anatomo-clinical method and the interpretation of its data]. PMID- 1230909 TI - [Methods of experimental neurophysiology. Outline of a critical analysis]. PMID- 1230910 TI - [Remarks on some concepts of clinical electrophysiology]. PMID- 1230911 TI - [Semantic traps in neurobiology]. PMID- 1230913 TI - [Reflection on the nervous system as a hierarchical structure]. PMID- 1230912 TI - [Cortical organisation and the experience: electrophysiological properties of cells of the visual cortex and the visual experience]. PMID- 1230914 TI - [Models of cerebral organization]. PMID- 1230915 TI - [Models of behavior]. PMID- 1230916 TI - [Intuitive classification of forms of EEG]. PMID- 1230918 TI - [Modification of the kindling effect by stimulation of different sub-cortical structures]. PMID- 1230917 TI - [Alterations in the level of N5 methyl tetrahydrofolate observed in the CSF of epileptics treated with anticonvulsants]. PMID- 1230919 TI - [Reading epilepsy: 7 cases]. PMID- 1230920 TI - [Activation of the EEG by Brietal]. PMID- 1230921 TI - [Electroencephalographic characteristics during a seizure of eclampsia]. PMID- 1230922 TI - [Analysis of some peripheral reflexes during epileptic seizures]. PMID- 1230923 TI - [Pre- and post-apneic sleep in the Pickwickian patient]. PMID- 1230924 TI - [Bismuth encephalopathy]. PMID- 1230925 TI - [Polygraphic study of bismuth-induced myoclonic encephalopathy]. PMID- 1230926 TI - [Topography of auditory evoked potentials in the alert child]. PMID- 1230927 TI - ["False aggravation" of the EEG in the days following cranial trauma in the child]. PMID- 1230928 TI - [Electroencephalographic criteria for automatic classification of individuals in a population]. PMID- 1230929 TI - [Higrotona and epilepsy. A therapeutical test of a diuretic and antiepileptic association (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230931 TI - [Aneurysms of distal anterior cerebral artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230930 TI - [Present-day surgical treatment of ozena (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230932 TI - [Carotid-basilar persistence. (primitive trigeminal artery) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230933 TI - [Inmediate and late intubation and tracheostomy lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230934 TI - [Thraumatic nerve injuries and sural nerve graft. Electro-clinical correlations under surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230935 TI - [Bialatan in eye infections]. PMID- 1230936 TI - [Brief notes in ophthalmology]. PMID- 1230937 TI - [Epidemic haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the Middle East]. PMID- 1230938 TI - Trachoma control in turkey and results. PMID- 1230939 TI - [Lack of reliability of the estimation of intraocular tension by means of palpation in the diagnosis of glaucoma in patients with trachoma]. PMID- 1230940 TI - [Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. PMID- 1230941 TI - [Trachoma epidemiology. Studies in various South Algerian localities. Practical conclusions]. PMID- 1230942 TI - [Blindness in Syria and the development of its causes since 1950]. PMID- 1230943 TI - [Immunological aspects of tuberculosis. I. Various observations on the problem of tuberculosis in Mexico]. PMID- 1230944 TI - [Immunological aspects of tuberculosis. II. Current concepts on immune response in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1230945 TI - [Immunological aspects of tuberculosis. III. Cutaneous response to PPD and to sensitization with dinitrochlorobenze]. PMID- 1230946 TI - [Tympano-ossicular homografts]. PMID- 1230948 TI - [Laryngeal suspension microsurgery]. PMID- 1230947 TI - [Some heterodoxical remarks on nasal allergy]. PMID- 1230949 TI - [Child audiometry]. PMID- 1230951 TI - [Hearing rehabilitation without a prosthesis following otosclerosis]. PMID- 1230950 TI - [Giant cholesteatoma at a rare site]. PMID- 1230953 TI - [Changes of the inner ear in experimental stapedectomy]. PMID- 1230952 TI - [A case of idiopathic necrotizing osteitis of the external auditory meatus]. PMID- 1230954 TI - [Experimental study on the effect of dehydrobenzoperidol on electrocochleography in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1230955 TI - [Assessment of hearing using electrocochleography]. PMID- 1230957 TI - [2d survey of hearing in schoolchildren of Campinas]. PMID- 1230956 TI - [Phycomycosis of the facial sinus]. PMID- 1230958 TI - [Audiometric screening in schoolchildren]. PMID- 1230959 TI - [Surgical revision using tympano-ossicular homografts-observations and treatment]. PMID- 1230961 TI - [Tympanoscopy or endoscopy of the middle ear]. PMID- 1230960 TI - [Use of electronystagmography in cases of multiple cranial neuritis]. PMID- 1230962 TI - [The effect of isometric handgrip exercise on left ventricular function with special reference to valvular heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230963 TI - [Concealed tachycardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230964 TI - [The correlation of selected blood tests with complications of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230965 TI - [Atrioventricular conduction and sinus node function in bilateral bundle branch block (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230966 TI - [Diuretics and hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230967 TI - [The mechanical regulation of the pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230969 TI - [3 aspects of live: a personal approach]. PMID- 1230968 TI - [Student's academic failure and drop out in chilean medical schools (author's transl)]. PMID- 1230970 TI - [A case of operated dumping syndrome]. PMID- 1230971 TI - [A case of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1230973 TI - [Diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 1230974 TI - [Smallpox vaccination and its cutaneous complications]. PMID- 1230972 TI - [Physiologic principles of balneotherapy. V. Physiologic properties of carbo gaseous baths in spas, local baths and dry CO2]. PMID- 1230975 TI - [Onchomycoses]. PMID- 1230976 TI - [Photodermatoses and antisolar protection]. PMID- 1230977 TI - [Cutaneous cysts and carcinomas]. PMID- 1230978 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of hemorrhoidal complications]. PMID- 1230980 TI - [Medicine in the world of today: its limitations and hopes]. PMID- 1230979 TI - [Plasticity of the central nervous system. Role of innate and acquired factors]. PMID- 1230981 TI - [Cardiopulmonary adaptation to medium altitude]. PMID- 1230982 TI - [Elevated sedimentation rates. Pathology and duration of survival in cases of sedimentation rates over 100mm in the 1st hour]. PMID- 1230983 TI - [Pecto-Baby in the treatment of cough in the small child]. PMID- 1230984 TI - [HBs antigen and antibody in Barcelona]. AB - The frequency of HBs antigen and antibody has been studied among three populations living in Spain: blood donors, hospital staff, renal deficient hemodialyzed patients. Total results and those given with reference to age, sex, place of birth and residence are compared to each other and to those obtained for populations living in Languedoc. PMID- 1230985 TI - [Autoimmune haemolytic anemias. Part 1]. PMID- 1230986 TI - [A new case of Ah]. PMID- 1230987 TI - [Psychological and sociological aspects of blood donation in Israel]. PMID- 1230988 TI - [Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of the clam, katelysia opima]. PMID- 1230989 TI - Studies on the tube building amphipod Corophium triaenonyx Stebbing from Visakhapatnam harbour. Seasonal distribution. PMID- 1230990 TI - Measurement of total and regional renal blood flow by means of a videodensitrometric method. AB - The total and regional blood flow conditions within the kidney were studied by videodensitometry. Animal and human investigations indicate on high accuracy of the method. No extra instillation is needed in the roentgen laboratory. The addition of physiolgical data is suppost to continue an additional diagnostic mean with presumably great clinical significance. PMID- 1230991 TI - Renal function studies after donor nephrectomy. AB - The remaining kidney undergoes compensatory hypertrophy after donor nephrectomy. Studies have shown that immediate increases of renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) take place. No studies of tubular functions in kidney donors have previously been published. Nine elderly kidney donors with a mean age of 55 years (range 48-71 years) underwent the following studies before and 6 and 12 months after nephrectomy: GFR, RPF, maximal tubular secretion of para-aminohippurate (TmPAH), net acid excretion after 3 days of ammonium chloride loading and test of the urinary concentration ability. RPFP and GFR decreased postoperatively to a mean of 61 and 63.5 per cent respectively, with a rise of the filtration fraction (FF). TmPAH decreased considerably less, to 76 per cent 6 months postoperatively and 86 per cent 12 months postoperatively. The TmPAH/GFR ratio changed from 0.77 to 0.95 and 0.99 postoperatively. The excretion of acid was slightly reduced concerning the NH4+-excretion but the values for H+ excretion and urinary pH were unchanged. The remaining kidney after donor nephrectomy shows the well-known increases in RPF and GFR. Energy-dependent proximal tubular functions such as TmPAH increase even more, indicating an altered glomerulotubular balance. Distal tubular function such as acidification and urinary concentration ability are essentially unchanged. PMID- 1230992 TI - Dialysis therapy of terminal uraemia in insulin-requiring diabetic patients. AB - A 5-year material comprising 26 insulin-requiring patients with terminal uraemia is reported. The patients were treated with protein restriction, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis with a view to kidney transplantation. Changes in cardiac state, diabetic retinopathy, insulin requirements and blood sugar during treatment are described. In addition, dialysis complications are described. It is concluded that by the use of dialysis treatment such patients can be helped to an acceptable life while waiting for a transplantation. PMID- 1230993 TI - Serum gastrin in patients with azotemia. AB - Gastric acid secretion was determined by a pentagastrin test and serum gastrin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay before and eight times during the first three hours after a test meal in six male azotemic patients and in nine male controls. The mean basal gastric acid secretion was higher, but not significantly so, in the patients than in the controls. The stimulated gastric acid secretion was equal in the two groups. The mean serum gastric concentration was found to be higher in the patient group than in the controls both in the fasting state and after the test meal. The interpretation of the results and the possible relevance of the results in deciding what prophylactic gastro-duodenal operation patients with high ulcer risk should be subjected to prior to kidney transplantation, is discussed. PMID- 1230994 TI - Direct cell mediated lympholysis in man. Cellular cytotoxic capacity of 100 normal, healthy blood donors. AB - The cellualr lymphocytotoxic capacity of 100 normal, healthy blood donors were investigated by the Direct Cell Mediated Lympholysis (DCML) test. The scorings were found to be distributed according to the normal, exhibiting a mean value of 0.1 Cr-51 release %, and an upper 1% significance level of 10.1 release 1%. It is concluded that lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of blood donors may well be used as negative biological controls in DCML testing of immunologically primed patients (e.g. after allotransplantation). PMID- 1230995 TI - Experience with different types of fistulas and shunts for hemodialysis. AB - Three alternative methods to obtain access to the circulatory system for hemodialysis has been used. The Cimono-Brescia fistula is the method of choice and is almost always successful if the vessels are intact. The femoral Quinton Scribner shunt has proved unreliable and dangerous. The subdermal vein graft is a useful and acceptable alternative if the vessels of the upper limbs have been destroyed. PMID- 1230996 TI - The effect of surgical trauma, ischaemia and ureteral occlusion on renal blood flow and function. An experimental study in the rabbit. AB - The influence of surgical trauma on renal blood flow and renal function was examined in lightly anaesthetized rabbits. The renal vessels were catheterized and the dye-dilution technique was used to measure renal blood flow and cardiac output. The renal fraction of the cardiac output, the total peripheral vascular resistance, and the renal vascular resistance were calculated. Glomerular and the tubular function was evaluated by measuring the extractions of 51Cr-EDTA and of 125I-Hippuran. A decrease in cardiac output was accompanied by a diminution in renal blood flow. The renal blood flow and the renal fraction of the cardiac output were reduced initially, regardless of whether surgery or puncture of the kidney were performed. When the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites were blocked with phenoxybenzamine, however, the renal fraction of the cardiac output remained stable. It was therefore, concluded that during general anaesthesia the sympathetic tonus or the concentration of plasma catecholamines increased, causing vasoconstriction in the kidney. Manipulation of the renal artery seemed to stimulate vasoconstriction in the ipsilateral kidney by a direct effect. Localized spasm of the main renal artery cannot be assumed to have caused alterations in the renal blood flow and the renal fraction of the cardiac output, as prevention of spasm by topical application of local anaesthesic did not offer protection against these alterations. A decrease in glomerular and tubular function occurred initially, indepently of surgical trauma, but could be prevented by blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptors sites. This argues for a renal vasoconstriction including the afferent arterioles. Renal function was not much influenced by traumatization of the renal artery. A reduction in function was, however, seem when the traumatization was preceded by topical application of a local anaesthetic or by blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptors sites. This findings seems difficult to explain. The renal artery was occluded for varying lengths of time with the aid of a balloon catheter, and the effect of temporary ischaemia on renal blood flow and function was examined. Prolongation of the period of continuous ischaemia from 15 to 60 minutes resulted in a progressive increase in the postocclusive hyperaemia, but in a successive reduction in the renal function. Compared with 30 minutes of continuous occlusion, 30 minutes of intermittent occlusion caused slight hyperaemia, but the same degree of reduction in renal function. One day after 30 minutes or 60 minutes of ischaemia, renal blood flow was within the range of normal flow. After 30 minutes of occlusion, renal function was re-established seven days later, whereas after 60 minutes of ischaemia, function was still severly impaired. Fourteen days after 60 minutes of occlusion, renal function was partly restored, being 50% or less of the normal. No juxtamedullary shunting of importance could be demonstrated in the present investigation... PMID- 1230997 TI - [The effect of a multivitamin-electrolyte granulate on the electrodermal reflex and the neuromuscular sensitivity in longlasting physical exertion]. PMID- 1230998 TI - [Results of control studies of the participants in the world championship in the veterans running]. PMID- 1230999 TI - [General indices for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the utilization of bed capacity]. PMID- 1231000 TI - [Experience in the evaluation of occupational stress of district therapists of urban polyclinics]. PMID- 1231002 TI - [Principal trends in the development of public health in the USSR]. PMID- 1231001 TI - [Experience in the study of the opinions of the population about the work of a polyclinic]. PMID- 1231003 TI - [Organization of the work of the registration office of an urban polyclinic]. PMID- 1231004 TI - [Organization of ambulatory surgical care in a rural region]. PMID- 1231005 TI - [Diseases of the circulatory system and their treatment in a rural region]. PMID- 1231007 TI - [Experience in the study of the budgeting of the time of students]. PMID- 1231006 TI - [Hospital care of the urban population in diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 1231008 TI - [Hygienic training as a factor in the protection of the work and health of miners in the polar regions]. PMID- 1231009 TI - [Organization of complex social hygiene and social economic studies conducted on an economic contract basis by departments of medical institutes]. PMID- 1231010 TI - [Experience in the organization of lectures on pedagogy in colleges for teachers in medical institutes]. PMID- 1231011 TI - [Experience in educational work with students at departments of social hygiene and public health organization]. PMID- 1231012 TI - [Functional tests used in diagnosis of different forms of hypercorticism]. PMID- 1231013 TI - [Pathogenesis of disorder of glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1231014 TI - [Indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and insulin content in glucose tolerance test in patients with Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 1231015 TI - [Clinical aspects of eosinophilic granuloma]. PMID- 1231016 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods of treatment of acute dysentery]. PMID- 1231017 TI - [Certain indicators of response reaction of the body to intrauterine contraception]. PMID- 1231018 TI - [Prevention of viral hepatitis type B in transfusion of blood and its components]. PMID- 1231019 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of different variants of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1231020 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of immune lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1231021 TI - [Hemochromatosis with lupoid reactions in a young woman]. PMID- 1231022 TI - [Characteristics of massive necrosis of the liver in children with viral hepatits]. PMID- 1231023 TI - [Exocrine function of the liver in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1231024 TI - [Liver function in alcoholism]. PMID- 1231025 TI - [Hemodynamic changes during pregnancy in women with stenosis of the left venous ostium]. PMID- 1231026 TI - [Present-day approach to diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the organs of the pancreato-duodenal zone]. PMID- 1231027 TI - [State and perspectives of thedevelopment of modern hematology and transfusiology]. PMID- 1231028 TI - [Clinical aspects of tumor immunology]. PMID- 1231029 TI - [Clinical pathomorphosis of acute leukemia under conditions of moderm therapy]. PMID- 1231030 TI - [Iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the treatment of thyroid diseases]. PMID- 1231031 TI - [Cellular basis of hamatopiesis]. PMID- 1231032 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 1231033 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutical-tactical errors in thyroid cancer]. PMID- 1231034 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of transfusions of erythrocytic mass]. PMID- 1231035 TI - [Role of radiation therapy in oncology]. PMID- 1231036 TI - [Modern principles of treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 1231037 TI - Health protection achievements in the P. R. of Bulgaria during the years of people's power. PMID- 1231038 TI - Achievements of the public health protection system over the 30 years of existence of the Polish People's Republic. PMID- 1231039 TI - The impact of civilization factors upon the health of the population. PMID- 1231040 TI - [Social democracy and health protection]. PMID- 1231041 TI - [Various demographic aspects concerning the medical personnel in Rumania]. PMID- 1231042 TI - The current hospital morbidity study and its methodological problems in Hungary. PMID- 1231043 TI - The biological state of the Polish population. Somatic development and physical fitness. PMID- 1231044 TI - Criteria of prognosis in the surgery of bronchopulmonary cancer. PMID- 1231045 TI - Tasks and perspectives of the doctor and his team of auxiliaries in the improvement of health protection and environmental hygiene in rural areas. PMID- 1231046 TI - Genetic influence on saline consumption and salt hypertension as exhibited by the response of various rat strains and sub-strains. AB - Female rats of 2 Sprague-Dawley sub-strains and of the Wistar and Fischer 344 strains were sensitized to the hypertensogenic effect of excess salt by removal of 1 kidney and by being given 1% NaCl solution as their sole drinking fluid. One of the Sprague-Dawley sub-strains (SPD) and the Wistar (CFEP) rats developed progressive saline polydipsia of equivalent degree, blood pressure rose, and about half of the members became hypertensive during treatment. Rats of the other Sprague-Dawley strain (CFNP) also showed a progressive saline intake; but although they drank substantially less saline, the incidence of hypertension among them was increased by 50%. Animals of the Fischer 344 strain displayed neither saline polydipsia--the intake remaining relatively constant at a very low level throughout the experiment--nor hypertension. Salt hypertension appears to be affected by genetic factors in at least 2 ways, one of which regulates the quantity of salt ingested (salt appetite), while the other controls the susceptibility to salt excess or perhaps to hypertension per se. Fischer 344 rats have the ability to restrict the volume consumption of saline; their resistance to enforced high salt intake has yet to be established. PMID- 1231047 TI - [Zoonoses in veterinary practice. 3. Chlamydial, rickettsial and fungal infections]. PMID- 1231048 TI - [A pneumatic pessary for use in cattle gynecology]. PMID- 1231049 TI - [Establishment of a breed with special pigmentation]. PMID- 1231050 TI - [Congenital thoracic duct stenosis in a dog with ascites]. PMID- 1231051 TI - [Viral infections in cats]. PMID- 1231052 TI - [Effusions in the dog. 1. Clinico-diagnostic study with special reference to the cytology of the fluid]. PMID- 1231053 TI - [Demodicosis in the golden hamster]. PMID- 1231054 TI - [Demodicoses. A comprehensive short review]. PMID- 1231055 TI - [Osteosynthesis of femoral fractures in the trochanter region]. PMID- 1231056 TI - The role of the surrounding tissue in the propagation of waves through the arterial system. AB - A theoretical analysis of the flow in arteries is presented, taking into consideration the role played by the surrounding tissues in determining the speed of propagatoion and the damping of the blood pressure pulse. This study was undertaken (a) to exhibit a method of computing the flow properties with a more nearly accurate model, (b) to see if the displacement on the skin would be related to the arterial wall displacement, and hence to pressure, velocity and flow rate of blood in the artery, and if it is likely to be measurable. It was found that the pressure of the 'viscous' part in the surrounding tissue increases the pulse velocity and the damping of the wave over the values found by other models which considered only thick-walled elastic tubes with no surrounding tissue. This study also shows that measurements on the skin can provide information about changes in arterial circulation due to diseases such as: edema, arteriosclerosis and others where the Young's modulus for either the arterial wall or the surrounding tissues is altered. PMID- 1231057 TI - Information processing limits: the effects of information load and age. AB - As a test of the effects of age and information load Ss performed a visual and auditory discrimination task under conditions requiring division of attention. Amount of stimulus information was determined by the number of stimulus alternatives which could occur in a set of trials. Performance by 12 Ss over age 40 was impaired in comparison to 12Ss under age 40. Performance for all Ss was a function of amount of information, but there was no Age X Information Load interaction. It has been reported in the literature that age-related performance decrements are correlated with task complexity. These data indicate that amount of information is not a critical dimension of task complexity as it contributes to age-related performance deficits. PMID- 1231058 TI - Biochemical studies on mammalian cardiac muscles: I. distribution pattern of myoglobin in different chambers of the heart of some mammals. AB - The myoglobin content of atria and ventricles of hearts of some mammals has been studied. The hearts of various mammals exhibit variations in their myoglobin concentration in contrast to earlier reports on various mammals. A definite gradation in the distribution pattern of myoglobin in mammalian cardiac muscles with Left atrium less than Right atrium less than Right ventricle less than Left ventricle, is discernible. There seems to be a close correlation of ventricular myocardium and their functional requirements. PMID- 1231059 TI - The influence of electric fields red blood cells. AB - The effect of electric fields as related to red blood cell sizing techniques, hemolysis, mobility, and general behavior is examined. A review is made of the varying theories concerning these effects. In addition, the physical ramifications of electric field experimentation is viewed. Criticisms are made with regard to technique and lack of consideration for certain experimental variables. PMID- 1231060 TI - The use of metal microelectrodes in broad-band recording. AB - We checked to what extent the voltage-current relationship of a microelectrode is linear. In the linear domain we measured the impedance characteristic of the electrode. We measured the frequency response curve and the phase characteristic of the electrode and amplifier system. PMID- 1231061 TI - Wound healing in X-irradiated mammalian skin. AB - Certain parameters of wound healing were investigated in mouse skin given 950 rads and 3325 rads of X-irradiation at various times relative to wounding. Increased inflammation, delayed dermal regeneration, and delayed contraction were noted in all irradiated groups. The activation of surrounding hair follicles, a process that usually accompanies wounding in mouse skin, occurred earlier, over a shorter elapsed time, and over a greater area of skin in animals irradiated prior to wounding than in the controls or in those irradiated and wounded simultaneously. Epidermal mitotic activity in wounds made at the time of irradiation was initially depressed but recovered by the second postoperative day. Wounds in pre-irradiated animals gave an unexpected result. They responded with an immediate burst of mitotic activity without the usual 24-hr lag that was seen in controls. In the pre-irradiated specimens a substantial number of cells appeared to die after dividing. PMID- 1231062 TI - New method for estimation of various deaminases by direct colorimetric determination of ammonia. PMID- 1231063 TI - Their relations of causes and conditions of death to chemical substances in postmortal myocardium. PMID- 1231064 TI - Ultraviolet absorption of tooth tissues of mature rat incisor. PMID- 1231065 TI - Statistical observation of scoliosis patients at Tokushima University Hospital. PMID- 1231066 TI - Politics makes strange med-fellows. PMID- 1231067 TI - Current adjuncts for surgery of the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland. PMID- 1231068 TI - Trials and tribulations of an ophthalmic anatomist. PMID- 1231069 TI - Three types of retinal detachment: pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 1231070 TI - Cricopharyngeal myotomy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 1231071 TI - Ocular care in the paralyzed face. PMID- 1231072 TI - Microclip application in tympanoplasty. PMID- 1231073 TI - Computer-assisted tomography (EMI scan) in orbital and neuro-ophthalmologic diagnosis. PMID- 1231074 TI - Effects of helicopter noise on pilots' hearing. PMID- 1231075 TI - Fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla. PMID- 1231076 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic otitis media: problem cases. PMID- 1231077 TI - Techniques for repair of seventh nerve injuries of the temporal bone. PMID- 1231078 TI - Intraocular cysticercosis: clinical and pathologic diagnosis. PMID- 1231079 TI - Brain stem audiometry: an overview. PMID- 1231080 TI - Complicated lacrimal problems and intranasal approaches. PMID- 1231081 TI - Considerations in the treatment of orbital floor fractures. PMID- 1231082 TI - Transantral orbital decompression for progressive endocrine exophthalmos. PMID- 1231083 TI - [The barrier function of supportive cells of the receptor division of the olfactory analyzer]. PMID- 1231084 TI - [The interrelationship between histologic and ultrastructural changes in the liver in the presence of pathologic states]. AB - A study was made of liver cells of cirrhosis-affected patients and those with portal hypertensia due to subhepatic block. It was shown that the extent of cellular injury was directly related to the pattern of pathological process in the liver. In the case of active cirrhosis, the necrobiotic processes observed might be due to changes in the structures providing cellular metabolism. With stable cirrhosis, the changes observed suggest abnormalities in cell synthesis, in addition to the rise in aerobic respiration. The analysis of the data obtained in the cases of subhepatic block without cirrhosis showed a sufficient functional activity of liver cells. PMID- 1231085 TI - [Cellular composition of the paracortical zone of mouse lymph nodes]. PMID- 1231087 TI - [Proliferation kinetics of NK/Ly tumor cells after single and fractionated irradiation with fast electrons]. AB - With single irradiation, the inhibition of tumor cell division and DNA synthesis was more pronounced than with fractionation irradiation. In fractionated schedules, the dose increase per fraction, and the interval prolongation between fractions, with decrease of the number of fractions (within the same time of irradiation), enhanced the effect of radiation. Yield of pahologic mitoses and extent of morphologic injury of cells was less expressed with fractionated irradiation and did not depend on the schedule of fractionation of the total dose. PMID- 1231086 TI - [The electrical structure of normal liver tissue]. AB - The electrical coupling between cells of mouse liver was investigated in vitro. The membrane potential of liver cells is 15--30 mv immediatly after dissection, and increases to 40--48 mv within 4--7 hours. This level of membrane potential is constant during the next 2--3 hours. The mean input resistance varies within 189+/-9 and 613+/-+25 kohm to be higher in preparations examined in summer than in winter time. The cytoplasm of liver cells is equipotential. The reducing of potential from intracellular source is not exponential. This potential distribution is well approximated by a solution for the two-dimentional model of the liver lamella, when characteristic length is 500 mcm. On the basis of this model the outher membrane resistance and functional membrane resistance were found to be 700-2100 and 1.2 ohm-cm2, resp. PMID- 1231088 TI - [The effect of thyroxine on the structure of cardiac muscle mitochondria during prenatal ontogenesis]. PMID- 1231089 TI - [Changes in the volumes of the nucleus, cytoplasm and the entire hepatocyte during recuperation from different kinds of lesions]. AB - Independently on the kind of lesion, large hepatocytes are localized at the periphery of the liver lobules. The cells reach their maximal volume after a partial hepatoectomy or during cirrhosis development. Decrease of the volume occurs after the blockade of the Kupffer cells with ink. After restoration of bile secretion, histological liver structures repair. The change of nuclear cytoplasmic ratio depends on the kind of lesion and the type of restoration. PMID- 1231091 TI - [New microscope-photometers MCFU-1 and MCFV-1]. PMID- 1231090 TI - ["Ultra-fast" repair of single-stranded breaks in DNA in gamma-irradiated Chinese hamster cells]. PMID- 1231092 TI - [An electron microscopic study of lamp-brush chromosomes and the products of their activity during rabbit oogenesis]. AB - An ultrastructural study of the rabbit oocyte nucleus was started from the early diplotene and extended to the large growth period to include the bilaminar follicle stage. During the large growth, the rabbit oocytes do not develop to the dictyate or "resting" stage, but remain at the diplotene. At the period preceeding the large growth (the early diplotene) lampbrush chromosomes are revealed made of the central axis 50 nm in diameter wish lateral fibrils. The aggregation of long loosely arranged fibrils makes the chromosome matrix. In the fibrillar zone of the chromosome, numerous roundish granules ca 45 nm in diameter and dense granule accumulations ca 0.15 mkm in diameter were visualized. Large fibrogranular bodies (1--2 mkm in diameter) are seen in association wish chromosomes. All these extra-nuclear bodies that appear on chromosomes differ in their size and pattern. These, likely as the nucleoli, may be considered as morphological expression of the genic activity of lampbrush chromosomes. PMID- 1231094 TI - [The origin and possible role of microvesicles in olfactory receptor cells]. AB - Microvesicles and spherical particles have been described in the bulbs of receptor olfactory cells of Acipenser ruthenus. Two pathways of the origin of the above vesicles have been followed. These structures derive at the stage of differentiation from non-ciliary to ciliary cell type. The first of the pathways involves the autolysis of microfibril bundles produced during the regression of microvilli. The other one includes micropinocytosis induced on the basis of regressing microvilli. Taking into account the genesis of the microvesicles of the receptor cell bulb, it is concluded that they cannot contain a mediator able to modify membrane ion permeability in response to the specific stimulus of the odorant. PMID- 1231093 TI - [Morphofunctional types of synapses in the neurosecretory cells of the carp preoptic nucleus]. AB - The ultrastructure of synaptic endings of the neurosecretory cells of the nucleus preopticus was examined in adult Cyprinus carpio L. Two of synpatic endings occur: type I--small agranular vesicles and large granular vesicles, type II- only agranular vesicles. The functioning of the nucleus preopticus neurosecretory cells in Cyprinus carpio L is presumably controlled by the synpatic endings of the adrenergic (synaptic endings of type I) as well as of the cholinergic (synaptic endings of type II) origin. By visual and morphometric methods different kinds of synpatic endings are distinguished among both the types of synapses according to their particular functional states. A quantitative analysis of the correlation of these kinds of synpatic endings allows a suggestion in respect to the state of the synaptic apparatus on the perikaria of neurosecretory cells. PMID- 1231095 TI - [Germ cell cycles during sex inversion in chick embryos]. AB - A study was made of the germ cell cycles of 11 days old embryos injected male or female hormones on the 4 th day of incubation. The cell cycles duration in genetically male 11 days embryos treated with esradiol-benzoate was close to that registered in oogonia of both treated and non-treated female embryos of the same age. The testosterone propionate injection caused an acceleration of the genetically male sex cell proliferation and a decrease of the reproduction rate of the female sex cells. It is proposed that under normal conditions female sex hormones inhibit a hypothethic factor that determines the decrease of cell proliferation during the male embryo development. PMID- 1231096 TI - [Progressive polyploidy in mouse liver following repeated hepatectomy]. AB - Mouse liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy results in sharp changes of ploidy classes towards the increase of high ploidy cells and the decrease low ploidy ones. These changes retain during three months. Each following partial hepatectomy (till 3 times) intensifies the hepatocyte polyploidy with appearance of cells with 32--64 ploidy nuclei. The cell polyploidization stimulated by repeated regenerations is similar to that observed in normal postnatal liver growth. PMID- 1231097 TI - [The relationship between the frequency of participation of acrocentric chromosomes in formation of satellite associations and the duration of human lymphocyte cultivation with phytohemmaglutinin]. AB - All acrocentrics were shown to take part in the formation of satellite association at the 52nd, 72nd and 90th hr of human lymphocytes culturing, in the first mitosis with equal frequency but having different associative capacity in further mitoses. It seems likely that a single nucleolus in the lymphocytes at initial stage of activation, the high frequency of satellite associations, and a random participation of acrocentrics in the associations in first mitosis are due to that all acrocentrics form association in small lymphocytes which are sensitive to PHA. PMID- 1231098 TI - [Indices of mitotic cell division in sebaceous glands]. AB - The main indices of mitotic cell division in rat sebaceous glands (external auditory meatus and tarsales gl.) were studied autoradiographically using H3 thymidine and with colchicine method. The duration of mitotic cycle and its separate phases, the number of cells involved in the proliferative pool, as well as the turnover of terminals of the epithelium in both the glands were stated to be nearly identical. The duration of the mitotic cycle was: T -- 28.1 hour; tG1 - 18.64; tS -- 6.3; tG2 -- 1.80; tM -- 1.34 hours. The proliferative pool (Pc) -- 31.45%, turnover of the basal layer cells -- 89.25 hours. These indices for the stratified epithelium of excretory ducts were respectively; T -- 33.0 hours; tG1 - 21.74; --8.06; tG2 -- 1.6; tM -- 1.6; Pc -- 26.8% and the turnover for the cells of the basal layer -- 123 hours. Thus, the sebaceous glands are to be regarded as organs where a rapid renovation of epithelia cells occurs. PMID- 1231100 TI - [Induction of interphase chromosome condensation in cultured human lymphocytes]. PMID- 1231099 TI - [Morphologic and biochemical heterogeneity of lysosomes]. AB - By means of isopycnic centrifugation in the continuous density gradient of sucrose two subfractions of lysosomes were isolated from rat liver homogenates: a "light" one (with the floating density p=1.13) and a "heavy" one (p=1.24). Electron microscopic, enzymatic and electron microscope enzymatic analysis of the isolated subfractions showed that the "light" subfraction consisted mainly of newly-formed primary lysosomes, while the "heavy" one was presented by secondary lysosomes. Parallel biochemical investigations demonstrated a considerable enzymatic heterogeneity of the two lysosomal subfractions: the "light" subfraction was characterized by a high specific activity of acid DNase, acid RNase and beta-galactosidase, and by almost total absence of beta-glucosidase activity, while the "heavy" one was characterized by a high specific activity of beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Possible causes of enzyme heterogeneity of rat liver lysosomes are discussed. PMID- 1231101 TI - [A cytophotometric and karyometric study of the granular cells of the rat brain. I. Granular cells of the cochlear complex and cerebellum]. AB - Two cell types can be distinguished in granular cells of the chochlear complex of the rat by the form of their processes and the structure of the nuclear chromatin. It is shown cytophotometrically that the majority of the granular cells of the cochlear complex and in the cerebellar cortex are diploid. However, some cells contain DNA amount close to tetraploid. Some correlation between the size of the nucleus and its DNA amount was discovered both in the cerebellar cortex and in the cochlear complex. PMID- 1231102 TI - [A cytophotometric and karyometric study of the granular cells of the rat brain. II. Granular cells of the olfactory bulbs]. PMID- 1231103 TI - [Cytoplasmic cisterns structurally linked with the plasmalemma in the hepatocytes of mice of different lines]. AB - Structures of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and narrow canals formed by smooth membranes were found in the cell membrane of male mice belonging to strains CBA, C57BL and L-NZB/BLN. The canals were seen connected with plasma membranes. Under the conditions of CC1(4) poisoning of CBA and C57BL mice, these canals were transformed to gigantic cytoplasmic vacuoles. Their cavities were communicated with the extracellular space. It still remains unclear if the membranes of these canals belong to the cytoplasmic membrane or to the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1231104 TI - [Karyotypes of spontaneous human abortuses and several aspects of their phenotypic presentation]. AB - In all, 172 human spontaneous abortuses were examined: 75 cases from the 1st trimester of pregnancy (all were karyotyped), and 97 ones--from 2nd and 3rd trimesters (59 cases were karyotyped). 31 cases of chromosomal anomalies were revealed. The incidence of chromosomal anomalies among the 1st and 2--3rd trimesters of spontaneous abortuses was 40.0+/-7.5 and 1.0+1.0%, resp. The general incidence of chromosomal anomalies among this series of spontaneous abortuses was equal to 18.0+/-2.9%. The question of phenotypical manifestations of chromosomal aberrations in spontaneous abortuses is discussed. The influence of gene structure of aberrant chromosomes on phenotypes of abortuses is supposed. PMID- 1231105 TI - [A new method of cytophotometry--the logarithmic screen methods]. PMID- 1231106 TI - [Extracorporeal hemodialysis in hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1231107 TI - [Possibilities of radioisotope determination of glomerular filtration in the diagnosis of renal complications in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1231108 TI - [Role of tissue blood-coagulating compounds in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1231109 TI - [Activity of urinary and blood enzymes in patients with renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 1231110 TI - [Dynamics of functional disorders of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 1231111 TI - [Selection of surgical method in diseases of the horseshoe kidney in the light of remote results]. PMID- 1231112 TI - [Indications for conservative treatment of children with vesico-ureteral reflux and infravesical obstruction]. PMID- 1231113 TI - [Radioisotope lower venography in bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 1231114 TI - [Primary multiple tumors with involvement of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 1231115 TI - [Resection of congenital solitary kidney with adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 1231117 TI - [Skin thermometry in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1231116 TI - [Successful conservative treatment of acute renal insufficiency in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 1231118 TI - [Recurrent intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder]. PMID- 1231119 TI - [Conduction anesthesia in operations on the scrotum and its organs]. PMID- 1231121 TI - [Remote results of mastoidoplasty with formalinized homologous cartilage]. PMID- 1231120 TI - [Disorders of electrolyte and acid-base metabolism in children after nephrectomy for nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 1231122 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in patients with otosclerosis]. PMID- 1231123 TI - [Dynamics of disorders of the auditory function in weavers depending on the duration of work]. PMID- 1231124 TI - [Controlled premedication in hearing-improving operations]. PMID- 1231126 TI - [Organization of mobile otorhinolaryngological units as a method of rendering of specialized aid to the population of distant regions]. PMID- 1231125 TI - [Certain problems of clinical course and surgical treatment of otosclerosis]. PMID- 1231127 TI - [Cytological picture of discharge of the lower nasal conchae in workers of the fluoroorganic plant]. PMID- 1231128 TI - [Metabolism of serotonin and histamine in vasomotor rhinitis under the effect of cryotherapy]. PMID- 1231129 TI - [Osteomas of the maxillary sinuses]. PMID- 1231130 TI - [Effect of denervation of the nasal accessory sinuses on th morphology of mucous membrame (experimental study)]. PMID- 1231131 TI - [Papillomas of the nose and accessory sinuses]. PMID- 1231132 TI - [Certain problems of clinical course, diagnosis and treatment malignant tumors of the external and middle ear]. PMID- 1231133 TI - [Cytological i cytochemical study of malignant and certain benign laryngeal neoplasms]. PMID- 1231134 TI - [Endocrine condition of the gonads in men with laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 1231135 TI - [Use of oxycellosol in otorhinolaryngology for the purpose of hemostasis]. PMID- 1231136 TI - [Electroroentgenodiagnosis of fractures of the nasal bone in children]. PMID- 1231137 TI - [Sudden infant death in staphylococcal larynogotracheitis]. PMID- 1231138 TI - [Early diagnosis and prevention of hearing disorders in children]. PMID- 1231139 TI - [Diseases of the ENT organs and characteristics of their course and treatment under conditions of Far North]. PMID- 1231140 TI - [Clinical course and treatment in cases of foreign bodies in the esophageal scar]. PMID- 1231141 TI - [Instrument for trephine puncture of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 1231142 TI - [Drug pulverizer with a spatula]. PMID- 1231143 TI - [Wegener's granulomatiosis with involvement of the posterior wall of the pharynx]. PMID- 1231144 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the nasal base]. PMID- 1231145 TI - [Combined air tumor of the larynx]. PMID- 1231146 TI - [Amino acids of blood and urine in labyrinthopathies after radical operation on the ear]. PMID- 1231148 TI - [Case of herpes zoster oticuls]. PMID- 1231147 TI - [Case of cancer of the larynx and lung, believed multiple primary]. PMID- 1231149 TI - [Anaplastic cancer of the nose]. PMID- 1231150 TI - [Case of a change of scleroma into squamous cell carcinoma]. PMID- 1231152 TI - [Organization of pediatric specialized otorhinolaryngological service in Krivoi Rogi]. PMID- 1231151 TI - [Remote metastases of laryngeal cancer into the lungs after the cure of primary focus]. PMID- 1231153 TI - [Experimental basis for the use of ascending cholegraphy in gunshot wounds of the liver]. AB - In experiments on animals and isolated livers from human cadavers an opportunity of using a direct ascending cholegraphy for roentgenological diagnosis of gunshot injuries of the liver was studied, rather demonstrative roentgenograms, photographs given in the paper being obtained. PMID- 1231154 TI - [Use of plunged osteosynthesis in the treatment of traumatological and orthopedic patients]. PMID- 1231155 TI - [Treatment of fractures of phalangeal and metacarpal bones by the method of intraosseous metallic osteosynthesis]. AB - The results of treatment of fractures of phalangeal and metacarpal bones of hand in 83 patients are analysed. Indications and contraindications to metallic osteosynthesis in fractures of phalangeal and metacarpal bones are described. PMID- 1231156 TI - [Muscle tearing in sportsmen]. PMID- 1231157 TI - [Treatment of exudative pericarditis in children]. AB - Three case reports of successful treatment for exudative pericarditis in children are presented. These were the result of staphylococcal pneumonias or acute hematogenic osteomyelitis. The treatment comprised punctures or drainage of the pericardium with lavage of its cavity with solutions of antibiotics and hydrocortisone against the background of general therapy. Late results were studied within the terms from 3 to 5 years. All children made good recovery. PMID- 1231159 TI - [Penetrating glass wounds of the knee joint in children]. PMID- 1231158 TI - [Torsion of the testis and spermatic cord in children]. AB - The authors report 16 cases of torsion of the testis and 3 cases with twisting of the testicular appendix. Fifteen children with torsion of the testis and one child with twisting of the testicular appendix were operated upon. Late results were followed up in 14 cases within the terms from 6 months to 7 years. Atrophy of the testis was not observed in children, operated upon in earlier terms of the affection, irrespective of the degree of the torsion. In late patients' admission to the hospital even small size torsions resulted in testicular atrophy in 4 cases. To improve the results of treatment in children with torsion of the testis early operative interventions are greatly advocated. PMID- 1231160 TI - [Chondromyxoid osteofibroma in a child]. PMID- 1231161 TI - [Abscess and gangrene of the lungs]. PMID- 1231162 TI - [Complications of jejunal peptic ulcers]. AB - Under observation were 192 patients with peptic ulcer. In 72.4% of patients complicated peptic ulcers were noted. The frequency and character of complications is changed depending on the method of surgery previously performed- in peptic ulcer, developed under conditions of gastric resection, these are more frequent and of a more grave character than in peptic ulcer of gastroenteroanastomosis. Among complications the first place is occupied by penetration with subsequent occurrence of profistulas (25), and then gastroenterocolonic fistulas (13%). Pentration of jejunal peptic ulcer in the free abdominal cavity is observed comparatively rarely, according to the authors' findings this complication was noted in 3.6% of cases. Bleeding peptic ulcers were observed in 45% of cases, in more than a half of them hemmorrhage was profuse. No malignant transformation of jejunal peptic ulcer was observed. PMID- 1231163 TI - [Strangulation of the small intestine in Treitz's hernia in sinistroposition of the colon]. PMID- 1231164 TI - [Dermoid cyst of the small intestine mesentery]. PMID- 1231165 TI - [Cystic transformation of the bilateral double right kidney and ureter]. PMID- 1231166 TI - [Autosyringe for extrapulmonary administration of gases]. PMID- 1231167 TI - [Results of clinico-roentgenological comparisons in dumping syndrome after vagotomy]. AB - The authors have compared clinical and roentgenological data in 39 patients with the dumping syndrome. It is assumed that the conditions for the dumping syndrome to develop would arise more often after the truncal and proximal vagotomy and following the Billroth-II gastric resection. PMID- 1231168 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in the sequestration phase]. AB - Pathoanatomical, pathogenetic and clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis in a sequestration phase are given. Under observation were 95 patients with purulentputrid sequestration of the pancreas and retroperitoneal cellular tissue and 20 patients with postnecrotic pancreatic cysts. Some features of the operative treatment in different kinds of sequestration are described. PMID- 1231169 TI - [10-year experience with the treatment of duodenal ulcer by vagotomy]. AB - The results of vagotomy associated with drainage operative procedures in 450 cases are analysed in detail, 274 of them being followed up for 3 years and longer. The authors revealed no essential advantages of selective vagotomy compared with the truncal one. PMID- 1231170 TI - [Cancer of the gallbladder]. AB - In the paper, the materials of clinical observation over 57 patients with the bladder cancer and the results of analysis of autopsy reports of 64 patients died from this lesion are presented. Cancer of the gallbladder affected mostly females (6 times as frequently as males) aged over 50 years. Only in 59% of cases the bladder cancer developed against the background of cholelithiasis. An absence of typical symptoms in cancer of the gallbladder resulting in late recognition of this lesion is emphasized. The prognosis both after radical and palliative surgical procedures is rather poor. Only some patients survived for 2 years after the operation. Without the operation the survival would not exceed 3 months since establishment of the diagnosis of cancer of the gallbladder. For more early recognition of cancer of this localization special and instrumental methods of diagnosis are largely advocated, while as a prophylactic measure--timely cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis. PMID- 1231171 TI - [Individual differences in the location of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts with regard to selection of surgical approach]. AB - The investigation was performed on 150 human cadavers nonfixed in formalin. The results of the investigation were compared with the data of clinical studies in 52 patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis and surgical procedures in them. The data obtained allowed the following considerations: to expose the gallbladder with ducts in patients with an elongated-narrow chest and small epigastric angle, as well as in a transitory form of its structure, incisions made near the costal arch (Kocher, S. P. Fedorov incisions) seem to be more rational, whereas in a broad and short chest with a large epigastric angle incision of Rio-Branco, Kalinovsky, Cherni and upper median one are felt to be preferable. PMID- 1231172 TI - [Motor function of the gastrointestinal tract after extensive resection of the small intestine]. AB - A functional and roentgenological investigation of the motor-evacuative function of the digestive tract has shown that resection of the small intestine with construction of an entero-enteroanastomosis is followed by a delayed passage of a contrast suspension in the remained portions of the small intestine. Further, there occurs a delay in evacuation of the contrast food suspension from the stomach in marked hypermotor dyskinesia of the small and large bowel. Following resection of the small intestine with an ileo-transverse anastomosis hypermotor peristalsis was observed. The passage of chymus from the small intestine into the colon lasted 1--2 hours. The cecal portion of the colon at the site of ileo traansverse anastomosis was enlarged sacwise and turned into a reservoir for permanent stasis of the bowel content. The ileocecal portion regulating the chymus income into the colon plays a decisive role in intensity of compensatory adaptive processes following resection of the small intestine. PMID- 1231173 TI - [Suppurative complications after prosthesis of the abdominal aorta and main arteries]. AB - The classification of a local wound infection, developed after reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and its distal branches, is given. Among 245 reconstructive-restorative procedures there were 14 cases of deep local wound infection associated with an exposure of vascular grafts. A system of measures for prevention of infectious complications has been elaborated. It comprised strict observation of the asepsis rules, an improvement of the technic of surgical intervention, lessening of the duration of surgery and blood loss. Special attention is given to the technic of closure and management of vascular wounds, prophylactic application of antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. In development of the wound infection it seems rational to accomplish an active drainage of the wound with local and general administration of massive doses of specific antibiotics, proteolytic enzymes, antiseptics and then to close a vascular graft by viable tissues. Should these measures fail, then a bypass shunting and removal of the infected prosthesis is indicated. PMID- 1231174 TI - [Anatomical and technical possibilities for the restoration of blood flow in the inferior mesenteric artery]. AB - As a result of the analysis of interrelationship between the inferior mesenterial artery trunk and upper mesenterial artery and its intestinal branches, as well as a comparison of the diameter and length of the mentioned vessels on 73 cadavers of adult persons of both sex, in most cases (in 66 of 73) there was noted an association of favourable in position and parameters conditions for anastomosing the inferior mesenterial artery. In experiments on 17 human cadavers different variants of revascularization of the left colon were accomplished. PMID- 1231176 TI - [Resection of the esophagus in cicatrical stenosis with simultaneous creation of esophago-gastric anastomosis]. AB - Based on the author's personal experience with 24 esophageal resections with simultaneous right-sided intrapleural gastroesophageal anastomosis in patients with cicatricial strictures after a chemical burn, it is suggested to revise a negative attitude toward this method of esophagoplasty and widen indications to it in cicatricial strictures of the middle and lower portions of the esophagus. PMID- 1231175 TI - [Indications for surgery of mobile cecum]. AB - In the paper, the problems concerning a frequency of anatomical variants of the right colon fixation, their clinical manifestation as the "mobile cecum" syndrome, and indications to surgical therapy of the latter are considered. Indications and contraindications to fixation of the ascending colon are given. PMID- 1231177 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of dilatation of subcutaneous veins of the lower limbs, caused by compression of the external iliac vein]. AB - 400 patients with venous varicosity of the lower limbs were studied using functional tests: phlebotonometry and combined methods of phlebography. It was found that in 43.3% of investigations valves of profound veins were partially or totally insufficient. Among subjects with valve insufficiency in 55 cases venous varicosity was conditioned by extravasal compression of the external iliac vein. The causes of compression of the latter were a cross-passing artery, fibrofascial bands and a drooping edge of the inguinal ligament. Retrograde femoropelvic phlebography in a bending posture of a patient and comparative phlebotonometry of the femoral and iliac veins proved to be the basic methods of diagnosis of a true cause of the varicosity. PMID- 1231178 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of albuminous osteomyelitis]. AB - According to the authors' data the literature offers only single reports concerning the problem of albuminose osteomyelitis. The authors observed 7 patients including 5 children. There were 5 male patients and 2--females. In 6 cases the pathological process involved the left femur, in 1--the right. The main symptoms of the disease were as follows: pains, the presence of tumescence, extended network of subcutaneous veins, local rise of temperature, an impaired function of the involved extremity. Roentgenologically, thickening of the periosteum was found in 5 cases, localized foci in the medullary cavity of the metaphysis--in 2 cases. There was noted an increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, elevation in the level of sialo acid, leucocytosis, increased sedimentation rate, large amount of protein in the exudate (by 31% on an average). In 5 patients wide incisions till the bone with subsequent drainage were made, tumescence was punctured in 2 patients (2--3 times), a plaster dressing was applied, patients were given a diet rich in protein and vitamins, and also physical therapy. The immediate and late results have been studied in all patients followed up for the period from 4 months to 5 years. There were noted no cases of recurrence. PMID- 1231179 TI - [Method of determination and classification of surgical risk]. AB - The authors have elaborated their own five-grade classification of a surgical risk, based on evaluation of 2000 case reports. All patients and surgical interventions are subdivided into 5 typical groups in terms of increasing hazards inherent in a surgical intervention. The authors differentiated minimum (I), moderate (II), marked (III), considerable (IV) and maximum (V) indices of surgical risk. The suggested classification is simple and objection enough. By means of the latter it is possible to choose beforehand the extent and character of the intervention, to delineate its provision, to obtain some comparative data on the advantages and shortcomings of different methods of anesthesia, reanimation, rehabilitation of patients and final results of treatment in surgical patients. PMID- 1231180 TI - [Activity of certain blood enzymes after surgery on the abdominal organs with the use of neuroleptoanalgesia]. PMID- 1231181 TI - [Kidney function in patients with ulcer disease and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract before and after surgery]. AB - A correlation between indices of the renal function before and after the operation has been made in patients with ulcerous disease and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. It is the authors' opinion that a correction of the water salt metabolism, adequate replacement of blood loss and some other measures prevent considerably the occurrence of renal insufficiency. PMID- 1231183 TI - [Pancreatitis with the syndrome of subhepatic jaundice in children]. PMID- 1231182 TI - [Study of gastric secretion with the use of pentagastrin in children with diseases of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 1231184 TI - [Modern diagnosis of nonspecific ulcerative colitis in children]. PMID- 1231185 TI - [Early diagnosis of hepatolenticular degeneration in children]. PMID- 1231186 TI - [Study of duodenal contents in children with chronic cholecystocholangitis]. PMID- 1231187 TI - [Complex treatment of pulmonary-pleural forms of staphylococcal suppuration in children]. PMID- 1231188 TI - [Changes in electrolytes, blood proteins and acid-base equilibrium in staphylococcal lung destruction in children and certain ways of their correction]. PMID- 1231189 TI - [Serotonin of blood, bronchial secretion and saliva in chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases in children]. PMID- 1231191 TI - [Characteristics of functional state of the uterus in parturients after physiological labor and that complicated by uterine inertia]. PMID- 1231190 TI - [Characteristics of the course of duodenal ulcer in children with postbulbar location of mucosal defect]. PMID- 1231192 TI - [Oxygen consumption, elimination of carbon dioxide and change of basal metabolism in healthy women during pregnancy]. PMID- 1231193 TI - [Effect of placental location on the degree of maturity of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 1231194 TI - [Ether treatment of the uterine cervix for the purpose of hemostasis in juvenile hemorrhages]. PMID- 1231195 TI - [Complicated polycystosis of the liver and kidneys in association with other developmental anomalies]. PMID- 1231196 TI - [Secondary acute adrenal cortex insufficiency in a boy]. PMID- 1231197 TI - [Complications of peptic ulcer in children (according to x-ray data)]. PMID- 1231198 TI - [Development and perspectives in the study of work physiology of women]. PMID- 1231199 TI - [Change in the gastrointestinal function after extensive resection of the small intestine]. PMID- 1231201 TI - [Adrenal hormones and the activity of nucleic acid depolymerase of the cardiac and skeletal muscles]. PMID- 1231200 TI - [Activity of blood insulin in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1231202 TI - [Morphological manifestations of body's response to tumor cells]. PMID- 1231203 TI - [Objectivization of pain syndrome in lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 1231204 TI - [Treatment of hyperkinesis with tegretol]. PMID- 1231205 TI - [Neurotigenic effect of patients with chronic alcoholism on the closest relatives]. PMID- 1231206 TI - [Complex rehabilitation treatment of patients with disorders of the motor functions of cerebral origin]. PMID- 1231207 TI - [Condition of patients after closed cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 1231208 TI - [Allergic drug-induced dermatosis]. PMID- 1231209 TI - [Specific hyposensitizing therapy of chronic staphylococcal skin diseases]. PMID- 1231210 TI - [Combined effect of low-frequency noise and infrasound on the body of workers]. PMID- 1231211 TI - [Effect of low-frequency vibration on oxidative phosphorylation in the muscles]. PMID- 1231212 TI - [Effect of resins on SKN-26 butadienenitril rubber base on the functional state of the kidneys]. PMID- 1231213 TI - [Cultivation of enterotoxigenic DNA-A20-positive Staphylococci from different sources]. PMID- 1231214 TI - [State of health of women-workers of the chemical fiber industry according to results of medical examinations]. PMID- 1231215 TI - [Massive isolated hydropericarditis in circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 1231216 TI - [Effect of certain types of balaneological procedures on vascular tonus and peripheral circulation in middle-aged and old persons]. PMID- 1231217 TI - [Clinico-rheoencephalographic indicators of disorders of cerebrovascular circulation during hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 1231218 TI - [One of the forms of arterial hypotension]. PMID- 1231219 TI - [Indicators of the function of external respiration in different degree of pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1231220 TI - [Hemorrhagic complications in rheumatism and protracted septic endocarditis according to autopsy and clinical data]. PMID- 1231221 TI - [Cholesterin and lecithin metabolism in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1231222 TI - [Effect of prednisolone on the cardiovascular system in complex treatment of newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1231223 TI - [Function of external respiration in patients clinically cured of pulmonary tuberculosis with its evolution into metatuberculous pneumosclerosis]. PMID- 1231224 TI - [Obturation syndrome, caused by tumors of tracheobronchial tree and developmental anomalies of the diaphragm, running its course with bronchial asthma symptoms]. PMID- 1231225 TI - [Sympathetic-adrenal system in chronic cor pulmonale with tuberculosis]. PMID- 1231226 TI - [Hypoplasia of the pulmonary segment]. PMID- 1231227 TI - [Certain indicators of enzyme levels in blood and urine and kidney function in pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1231228 TI - [Effect of seduxen on kidney function]. PMID- 1231229 TI - [Hemoglobin synthesis by the erythroid cells of bone marrow in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1231230 TI - [Treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis at the Truskavets health resort]. PMID- 1231231 TI - [Topography of arteriovenous anastomosis of human kidney]. PMID- 1231232 TI - [Dysproteinemic syndrome in rheumatism]. PMID- 1231233 TI - [State of the gallbladder in patients with ulcer disease after stomach resection according to Billroth II method]. PMID- 1231234 TI - [Intrahepatic blood circulation during exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1231235 TI - [Effect of DOCA on the cardiovascular function in patients with ulcer disease]. PMID- 1231236 TI - [Electrolyte metabolism during treatment of ulcer disease with ultrasonics]. PMID- 1231237 TI - [Treatment of abdominal abscesses with dimexide and antibiotics]. PMID- 1231238 TI - [Lymphogranulomatosis of the cecum]. PMID- 1231239 TI - [Emergency non-hospital service to the population of a regional center]. PMID- 1231241 TI - [Polymorphocellular brain sarcoma with metastases into the lung]. PMID- 1231240 TI - [Clinical study of geriatric preparations]. PMID- 1231242 TI - [Comparative incidence of diseases in 2 rural zones with different intensity of pesticide use]. PMID- 1231243 TI - [Effect of working conditions on the indicators of external respiration in workers of a ferroalloy plant]. PMID- 1231244 TI - [Toxicity and maximum permissible concentration of a complex of volatile products of aqueous-lacquer phenolformaldehyde resin]. PMID- 1231245 TI - [Characteristics of clinical course of post-influenza meningoencephalitis with lethal outcome]. PMID- 1231246 TI - [Functional-morphological changes in the stomach stump and efferent loop at remote periods after stomach resection in ulcer disease]. PMID- 1231248 TI - [Role of the district physician-therapeutist in the dispensary service to the population]. PMID- 1231247 TI - [Analysis of the results of resuscitation measures in the acute period of severe forms of infectious diseases of the nervous system]. PMID- 1231249 TI - [Certain vegetative-vascular reactions in ulcer disease after conservative treatment]. PMID- 1231250 TI - [Evaluation od immunological indicators in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 1231251 TI - [Clinico-gastroscopic and roentgenological data in the diagnosis of chronic primary gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 1231252 TI - [Use of inductothermy and microwaves in the complex treatment of chronic colitis]. PMID- 1231253 TI - [Effect of "Mirgorodskaia" mineral water on the acid-forming gastric function in patients with chronic gastritis]. PMID- 1231254 TI - [Changes in the concentration and absolute amount of hydrocortisone in patients with gastrointestinal cancer]. PMID- 1231255 TI - [Certain aspects of clinical pharmacology]. PMID- 1231256 TI - [Pathomorphological data in chronic nonspecific bronchopneumonia]. PMID- 1231257 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of metatuberculous pneumonia]. PMID- 1231258 TI - [Morphological characteristics of perifocal changes in lung cancer]. PMID- 1231259 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases working at the plants of the machine-building and metallurgic industry]. PMID- 1231260 TI - [Effect of bronchospirometry on the function of external respiration and hemodynamics of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 1231261 TI - [Concomitant diseases in macrofocal myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1231262 TI - [Glucose tolerance and content of immunoreactive insulin in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1231263 TI - [Evaluation of electrocardiographic data in heart aneurysm]. PMID- 1231264 TI - [State of the tonus of peripheral vessels in Kashin-Bek disease]. PMID- 1231265 TI - [Treatment of neurosis-like conditions in hypertensive disease by graded fasting]. PMID- 1231266 TI - [Case of prolonged course of primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1231267 TI - [Pulseless disease]. PMID- 1231268 TI - [Pericardial mesothelioma]. PMID- 1231269 TI - [Torpid and latent forms of rheumatism]. PMID- 1231270 TI - [Expediency of studying multiple causes of death]. PMID- 1231271 TI - [Psychodiagnosis in the service of developmental aid: the selection of Yemenite candidates for training as pilots]. PMID- 1231272 TI - [Experiment on the autodescriptive judging of depressive symptoms in groups of patients with psychopathology]. PMID- 1231273 TI - [Significance of the variable exposure time and preference accentuation as well as individual differences in the study of complexity preference in the visual area]. PMID- 1231274 TI - [Pure doctrine and exact technic?]. AB - There is a theoretical attitude in psychoanalysis that can be described as "pure teaching" (E. Wiesenhutter), and a practice that can be described as "exact technique". An important point, in which theory and practice seem to be in harmony is the rejection of agitating and the request of an anonymous neutrality concerning the psychoanalyst. The research serves the discussion about this coupled conception. Freud has imprinted theory and practice concerning this subject, but he himself was sovereign in the use of it. In the daily process of psychoanalysis, teaching and technique are always coming up with new questions in the concrete situation. They only asymptotically reach the point of absolute pureness and exactness. The author is selfcriticizing the psychoanalysis in the subjects mentioned above. He points out that flexibility in teaching and technique does not at all imply a revisionism of psychoanalysis; only when it is evident for psychoanalysis that a well-weighed theory is necessary as well as the relevant practice for the theory, there will be the greatest possible freedom for both of them. PMID- 1231275 TI - [Time problem in Freud's psychoanalysis]. AB - The influence of Freuds' work on the formation of psychological theory is especially based on the biographical system of Psychoanalysis. The aspect of historical order distinguishes his system of theoretical relations. The inspection of Freuds' scriptures shows that he through all his research was confronted with the problem of psychological time (in opposite to the term of "physical time"). The contrast between the time of existence and the identity of person clarifies the principle of the lack of temporality of repressed experiences as denied personal history. PMID- 1231276 TI - [Desire and self-worth]. AB - Correlation between the experience of pleasure and selfesteem of neurotic patients is examined, based on practical knowledge in the therapeutic area. The embittering of essential parts of later self- and identityfeeling by cultural discrimination of primary pleasure of oneself during the early childhood is shown by a clinical case. Primary selffeeling is degraded into guilt and fear and cannot be replaced by secundary satisfactions. Finally the ambiguous aspects of pleasure in psychoanalytic theory are deomonstated which recently have found a more obvious contour in the polarisation between narcissism and object relation. The question about the essence of pleasure is left open. PMID- 1231277 TI - [Relationships between cerebral organic and reactive disorders in childhood and adolescence]. AB - The causes of psychic disorders must not only be discerned either reactive or organic. The perception of stimuli from the environment, the experiences a child makes, are worked up in the brain, which functions can be divided into a lot of singular abilities. The observation of their organic conditioned disorders shows, how behavioral disorders and mislearning may develop and also, how they will be misunderstood and disapproved by the environment. This fact is as well an explanation for the formation of neuroses on the bottom of an organic brain disfunction as also for the origin of psychoses being secundary disturbances of the relation to reality, considered from a new point of view. Both, neuroses and psychoses originate in constellative interaction of brain organic and reactive factors. PMID- 1231278 TI - [Changes in the psychic factor structure of schizophrenics after release from the hospital]. AB - When studying the "postremission syndrome of exhaustion" in schizophrenics changes in mental factor structures after the patients' discharge from hospital were assessed by performance intelligence scales and check lists of emotional states. Test scores obtained at discharge and 8 weeks afterwards were factor analysed separately. Differences in factor structures of the two matrices represented mainly by independence between emotional and intellectual functions at discharge and negative associations between these factors 8 weeks later could not be completely compensated by similarity rotations of the two factor matrices thus indicating genuine changes in factor structures rather than effects due to methodological procedures. PMID- 1231279 TI - [Expression between empiricism and speculation. A reply to Herman Schmitz' article "Understanding of expression as body communication" and also a contribution to the phenography of expression. I]. AB - The present article tries to show, that the positions of H. Schmitz, advocated in his note "Ausdrucksverstandnis als leibliche Kommunikation" (1972) are: 1. not new, 2. superfluous, 3. untenable, unserviceable, and therefore altogether worthless. In connection with the critical analysis of the author's statements we suggest a) the use of descriptive wording that is more exact, b) more clarification concerning the theory of expression. PMID- 1231280 TI - [Observation and participation]. PMID- 1231281 TI - [Bases of psychosomatic medicine]. AB - The theoretical and therapeutic concept of psychoneurosis is no longer the only pathogenetic framework for the theory of psychosomatic diseases. Some fundamental differences exist between psychosomatic diseases and psychoneurosis. The interdependencies between psychosomatic influencing factors and the corresponding somatopsychical (pathophysiological) correlates for different diseases are presented. It is shown that to a certain extent conditional chains are preformed in the somatic sphere which, once they have been initiated and maintained by psychosocial releasing factors, possess a peculiar somatisation tendency. In addition the multi-factorial level of analysis is pointed out by the example of modern CHD research (prospective epidemiology and multivariate statistics). In conclusion the relation of psychoneurosis to psychosomatic medicine is commented. Regarding this, the de- and resomatisation model according to Schur is specially taken into account. PMID- 1231282 TI - [Heart as mirror of the soul (findings and status)]. AB - It took a period of five thousand years to proceed from the assumption of the heart being the origin of life, and "seat" of soul to today's point of view, that heart function is a mere indicator of psychophysic activation. Both advanced electronic technologies and mathematical procedures had to be developed to be able to separate the informational constituents of the cardiac signals. Even today the problems of specificity concerning the different variances and patterns are not solved at all. Many failures in research derive from overestimation of single values in correlational statistics. There are indications that, on the basis of consequent application of pattern recognition techniques, it would be possible to obtain major progress in the field of psychophysiological covariance research. PMID- 1231283 TI - [Results of research on psychosomatic correlations]. AB - In psychosomatic research there is a lack of multivariate studies based on samples that are adequate for statistical analysis. The present study is concerned with two samples of male students (N=107 and N=100) who took part in an extensive physiological and psychological assessment in order to find out psychosomatic patterns. Results indicate that correlational analysis including factor analysis too is insufficient to meet the complexity of the data. Multivariate classification procedures, in particular hierarchical grouping analysis, prove to be more useful in this respect. Some conclusions regarding diagnosis and therapy of the general psychosomatic syndrome are discussed. PMID- 1231284 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative differentiation of symptoms using the Rasch model]. AB - Well known qualitative and quantitative differences of cardiac pain were tested by the RASCH-Model to find out whether this test would be able to indicate differences within any kinds of diseases. This ability of differentiation could be corroborated for the RASCH-Model. By making a destination of the measure for the accordance of the sensual quality of a single patient with that of a special group of diseases, it is possible to test the same diseases also in the question of the quantitative equality. PMID- 1231285 TI - [Expression between empiricism and speculation. Reply to Hermann Schmitz' article "Understanding expression as body communication" and the phenography of expression (Part 2)]. PMID- 1231286 TI - [Expression between empiricism and speculation. Remarks on R. Kirchhoff's article by the same name]. AB - Kirchhoff's objections are proved to be totally mistaken and untenable. The deficiencies of his argumentation are classified; especially are discerned: false quotations, distortions, imputations, unfair exactions, contradictory assertions, and ignorationes elenchi. Author's position, as it is attacked by Kirchhoff, is confirmed and made more plain. Possible topics of a more fruitful discussion with Kirchhoff are sought. His epistemological proposals of systems of orientation ("Bezugssysteme") may be suitable for that purpose, provided that their logical and terminological defects are removed. PMID- 1231288 TI - [Herbal amaroids in gastroenterology]. PMID- 1231287 TI - [Resistance increase through methods of naturopathy]. PMID- 1231289 TI - [Proven and risk-free uses of physical therapy. A house doctor's advice for self use by the patient]. PMID- 1231290 TI - [Advice for the use of reduction diets in practice]. PMID- 1231291 TI - [Phytotherapy of skin diseases]. PMID- 1231292 TI - [Phytotherapy of bronchitic syndrome]. PMID- 1231293 TI - [Ten years of homeotherapy research]. PMID- 1231294 TI - [Morphological viewpoints on disorders of regional myocardial perfusion]. PMID- 1231295 TI - [Risk factors in patients with angiographically detectable coronary sclerosis. Comparison of a prescreening test obtained at Heidelberg with results of a study from Dusseldorf]. PMID- 1231296 TI - [Coronary sclerosis associated with heart defects]. PMID- 1231297 TI - [Coronary heart disease (CHD) with a normal coronary angiogram]. PMID- 1231298 TI - [Angiografically normal coronary arteries following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1231299 TI - [Morphometric studies in coronarography]. PMID- 1231300 TI - [Disorders of regional perfusion]. PMID- 1231301 TI - [Comparative coronary and peripheral angiography in 250 patients]. PMID- 1231302 TI - [Hemodynamics, coronary circulation and coronary reserve in lupus erythematodes disseminatus]. PMID- 1231303 TI - [Coronary disease and cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 1231304 TI - [Recognition of reversible asynergic myocardial regions through quantitative analysis of the left ventricle cineangiogram prior to and following administration of nitrates]. PMID- 1231305 TI - [Angiographic and hemodynamic findings in the left ventricle following volume strain and physical exertion in patients with coronary heart disease (KHK)]. PMID- 1231306 TI - [Changes in the geometry of the left ventricle in healthy subjects and coronary patients during isovolumetric relaxation]. PMID- 1231307 TI - [Left ventricular function in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 1231308 TI - [Disorders of myocardial metabolism in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 1231309 TI - [Regional myocardial blood flow distribution (RMBF) and the influence of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in patients with and without coronary heart disease (KHE)]. PMID- 1231310 TI - [Effect of 2- and 5-isosorbide nononitrate on the exercise-ECG of patients with coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1231311 TI - Myocardial flow and its distrubution during acute myocardial infarction in the unanesthetized dog. PMID- 1231312 TI - [Value of submaximal exercise-ECG compared to coronarography]. PMID- 1231313 TI - [Left ventricular geometry and volumina during rest and ergometric exercise in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 1231314 TI - [Dependability of various catheter systems for the determination of contractility parameters]. PMID- 1231315 TI - [Procedure for mathematical analysis of isometric contraction curves of the heart]. PMID- 1231316 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial contractility with mathematical analysis of isometric contractility curves]. PMID- 1231317 TI - Variable effects of altered loading on the contractility of cardiac muscle in different mammals. PMID- 1231318 TI - [Alpha-adrenoreceptors in the ventricular myocardium of the cat]. PMID- 1231319 TI - [Analysis of the pulsatile pressure-flow relationship in the arterial circulation of man]. PMID- 1231320 TI - [Changes in the systolic and diastolic ventricular function during and following ventriculography]. PMID- 1231321 TI - [Ventricular function and local kinetics following infarct]. PMID- 1231322 TI - [Semiautomatic determination of dimension changes for functional analysis of the left ventricle]. PMID- 1231323 TI - [Circulation and substrate metobolism of the healthy human heart in relation to the physical training condition]. PMID- 1231324 TI - [Enzyme loss of the myocardium due to pharmaco-dynamic strain]. PMID- 1231325 TI - [Urinary excretion of the catecholamines adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, metanephrine and normetanephrine in patients with cardiac insufficiency of I-IV seventy degrees]. PMID- 1231326 TI - [Contractile hyperactivity of the myocardium in anaphylaxis]. PMID- 1231327 TI - [Autoimmune reactions against vascular tissue]. PMID- 1231328 TI - [Lipid synthesis and up-take in perfused human coronary arteries and saphenous veins]. PMID- 1231329 TI - Protein breakdown in autolyzing mammalian myocardium: A study of free tissue amino acids and related compounds. PMID- 1231330 TI - [Decreased tissue oxygen consumption in patients with hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 1231331 TI - From epidemiology to prevention. PMID- 1231332 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies on the cardiac effect of diuretics]. PMID- 1231333 TI - [Involvement of the Renin-angiotensin system in experimental hyper-tensions, demonstrated by a new specific angiotensin II antagonist]. PMID- 1231334 TI - [Effect of unilateral inflammatory kidney lesions on the blood pressure in the rabbit]. PMID- 1231335 TI - [Morphological findings on the pelvic and femoral veins of dogs following endoluminal ultrasonic therapy]. PMID- 1231336 TI - [Peripheral circulatory reactions following muscle work in short intervals (interval work) in occlusion of femoral artery]. PMID- 1231337 TI - [Diagnostic value of ultrasonic-Doppler-pressure determination, venous occlusion plethysmoraphy, exertion oscillography and peripheral phlebodynamometry in arterial occlusive diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1231338 TI - [Incidence and distribution of risk factors in arteriosclerosis involving patients with severe bradycardia]. PMID- 1231339 TI - [Experiences with a quantitative phonocardiography]. PMID- 1231340 TI - [Simultaneous evaluation of echocardiographic and hemodynamic values of the heart using a videometric device and a digital computer]. PMID- 1231341 TI - [The Waterson-Cooley anastomosis]. PMID- 1231342 TI - [Effect of mitral value prosthesis on the hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 1231343 TI - [Hemodynamics of the Lillehei-Kaster valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1231344 TI - [Treatment of bradycardia due to myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1231345 TI - [ECG changes and serum digoxin concentration in digitalis intoxication]. PMID- 1231346 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of verapamil]. PMID- 1231347 TI - [Hemodynamic findings in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 1231348 TI - [Methodological problems in the determination of "sino-atrial conduction time " in man]. PMID- 1231349 TI - [Functional analysis of the heart conduction system in the cardio-inhibitory type of carotid sinus syndrome (CSS)]. PMID- 1231350 TI - [Subjunctional conduction in the Jervell syndrome]. PMID- 1231351 TI - [Re-entry tachycardias via various circuits in the WPW syndrome type A]. PMID- 1231352 TI - [Reentry mechanism in the intra-ventricular conduction system]. PMID- 1231353 TI - Coronary anatomy and cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1231354 TI - [Roentgenologic functional- diagnosis in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 1231355 TI - [Limits of diagnostic possibilities]. PMID- 1231356 TI - [Indications for coronary surgery. Evaluation from the clinical viewpoint]. PMID- 1231357 TI - [Dynamics of the pathological and histochemical changes in the skin in patients with allergic vasculitis]. PMID- 1231359 TI - [Hereditary ichthyoses]. PMID- 1231358 TI - [Functional state of the kidneys in patients with discoid and disseminated forms of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1231360 TI - [Urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome in men]. PMID- 1231361 TI - [Some aspects of the current course of syphilis]. PMID- 1231362 TI - [Experience in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 1231364 TI - [Age-related peculiarities of the lipolytic activity of human skin]. PMID- 1231365 TI - [Histomorphological characteristics of the effect on the skin of some natural and synthetic detergents]. PMID- 1231363 TI - [Experience in the use of a psoberan preparation in patients with vitiligo and alopecia]. PMID- 1231367 TI - [External use of cytostatics in psoriasis]. PMID- 1231366 TI - [Pathological anatomy of lipocalcinogranulomatosis]. PMID- 1231368 TI - [Unusual case of dermatitis caused by pollenosis]. PMID- 1231369 TI - [Case of the complication of Kaposi angioreticulosis with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 1231370 TI - [Clinical peculiarities of mycoses caused by Epidermophyton floccosum]. PMID- 1231371 TI - [Diagnosis of early and late latent syphilis]. PMID- 1231372 TI - [Acoustic reflex in the diagnosis of peripheral lesions of the auditory analyzer]. PMID- 1231373 TI - [Rhinogenic abscess of the frontal lobe of the brain]. PMID- 1231374 TI - [Combined scleroma and malignant neoplastic lesion of the ENT organs]. PMID- 1231375 TI - [Case of generalized xanthomatosis involving the facial skin]. PMID- 1231376 TI - [Hospital vestibulometric chair]. PMID- 1231377 TI - [Method of introducting ointment preparations into narrow and deep cavities of the ENT organs]. PMID- 1231378 TI - [Modification of the focusing barrel of the OKUF-5 M apparatus]. PMID- 1231379 TI - [Dependence of the differential threshold of sound strength on the functional state of the adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain]. PMID- 1231380 TI - [Variance in the duration of the postrotational nystagmic reactions to stimulation of the semicircular canals in healthy subjects depending on the individual anatomical difference in the canals (II)]. PMID- 1231381 TI - [Importance of the threshold adaptation test for a topical diagnosis of a hearing impairment]. PMID- 1231382 TI - [Lee and Lombard effects in determining the auditory selfcontrol of speech in children with hearing disorders]. PMID- 1231384 TI - [Pathogenesis of the changes in circulating blood volume in children with recurrent otitis media]. PMID- 1231383 TI - [Hearing function in patients after they have had acute otitis media]. PMID- 1231385 TI - [Characteristics of bony tissue regeneration of the incus in its interposition (experimental study. III)]. PMID- 1231386 TI - [Proteolytic enzymes in the overall therapy of laryngotrachobronchitis in young children]. PMID- 1231387 TI - [Enzymes of nuclease and proteolytic action in the overall therapy of cancer of the upper respiratory tracts]. PMID- 1231388 TI - [Removal of skin and mucous membrance tumors of the ENT organs with a "laser knife"]. PMID- 1231389 TI - [Results of a discussion of the classification of chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 1231390 TI - [Experience in treating functional aphonia druing epidemics of influenza]. PMID- 1231391 TI - [Fibroscopy in the diagnosis of tumors of the head and neck]. PMID- 1231392 TI - [Cryotherapy of chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis]. PMID- 1231393 TI - [Prolonged drainage of the antrum in suppurative otoantrits, antritis and exudative otitis media]. PMID- 1231394 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of exostoses of the external auditory canal]. PMID- 1231395 TI - [Experience in treating inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tracts with an infusion of spruce buds]. PMID- 1231396 TI - [Characteristics of the wound drainage following removal of the larynx]. PMID- 1231397 TI - [Rare case of a tumor-like form of lupus tuberculosis of the concha auriculae]. PMID- 1231398 TI - [Cases of soft odontoma]. PMID- 1231399 TI - [Evaluation of child adiposity by a new screening method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231401 TI - [Isolation of salmonella in river water: serotypes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231400 TI - [Search for new Salmonella typhi phage types among the numerous non-phagetypable positive Vi strains (groups I + IV) of the Indochinese peninsula (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231402 TI - [Salmonella in the river Dyle (Belgium) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231403 TI - [In vitro studies on the behavior of pyruvate dehydrogenase in chickens. 2; Inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase]. PMID- 1231404 TI - [Body fat determination in the live animal using "DDE" (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p chlorphenyl) ethylene)]. PMID- 1231405 TI - [In vitro fat synthesis in relation to hematological criteria in rats. 1. High cellulose content, low fat content in feed]. PMID- 1231406 TI - [Comparison of free amino acids in the blood serum of human beings and animals. I. Human beings, rats, mice, and chickens]. PMID- 1231407 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of breast carcinoma]. AB - Psychological differences were compared between 25 female patients with carcinoma of the breast (mamma) and 25 patients with mastopathia cystica fibrosa. Our methods consisted in psychoanalytical interviews and MMPI-tests. We investigated the early childhood-period, the object relationships, the structurs of the personality and the psychological stress before the beginning of the physical illness. Patients with carcinoma of the breast show more frequent broken home situations, and inclination to idealize the past, depressive traits and a tendency to repress inner conflicts. The sexual behavior shows statistically more frequent abortions in the cancer group. In the beginning of the cancer we found statistically more frequent the loss of a meaningful personal relationships (e.g. death of the mother). Several differences between the personal structure were also found in the MMPI-tests. PMID- 1231408 TI - [Psychodynamic factors in disk irritations]. AB - The patients here concerned had a faulty psychical development. During the caracter-building period of early childhood they were unable, to assert themselves sufficiently enough to be accepted, or to feel that they are loved. Therefore they tried by means of overcompensatory efforts in the sense of extreme adjustment to others, to make up for this lack. Increasingly confined, as a preponderant attitude they finally developed a forced "assistant" pose (W. Schwidder). Under these circumstances the personality of the patients could not develop sufficiently in the way, that they were able to make free decisions by maintaining legitimate interests of selfassertion. As a rule, they did not experience their own subconscious, arbitrary strong protest against their overwhelming neurotic obligations, especially as their "backbone" did not make possible the establishment of any suitable or sufficient representation of their own desires or needs corresponding to the largely obsessional structure of most patients. The vicious circle, leading to the loss of inner balance makes understandable the determinant preponderance of self defense against complete exhaustion of strength. Therefore the necessary relaxation cannot be acquired and at the same time the fixation of the bodily ailments becomes unavoidable. In comparison with the study of Reischauer, with regard to our patients there cannot be established any special imperilled type; by these patients, however, a specific failure in trying to master their lives becomes a probability. By reason of our experiences, even though they are limited and still to be tested in other ways, conservative measures, which stimulate the activeness of the patients are to be preferred. If one interrupts that sort of pliant texture operatively-unless their is an urgent indication-unprofitable results must be expected, which correspond to orthopedic experiences. In the case of chronic manifestations and unusually deep fixation of the syndroms in the psychical area, no real improvement is obtained by psychoanalytic measures. Also, if one should succeed in transferring the patients in the acute state to a mental therapist in spite of the rapid reduction of their somatic pain complex, the prognosis for the more functionally concerned ones would then be burdened cosiderably by the long period of difficult differentiation against the largely somatic progression of the discs. PMID- 1231409 TI - [Identy crisis and drug abuse in young people]. AB - Nowadays young people during the phase of their puberty and adolescence often show symptoms of a grave crisis of identity which particularly idspose them to drug-abuse. On the one hand this search for one's identity is characteristic of the formative years of a juvenile; on the other hand it is a general problem of the generations which must be seen in the full context of the social, technological, industrial and political development of our time. Lacking possibilities of identification in the context of a general relativism of traditional norms and values, radical changes in the structures of the family and of our society, accompained by over-exaggerated demands on one's personal performance and prosperity, and significant failures of communication as well as the unreflected liberalization of a "permissive society" make young people look for new possibilities of identification which they try to find in sub-cultural groups and fascinating experiences which drugs. Many juvenile drugconsumers show increasing crises in their personalites and farreaching psychological distrubances often followed by a serious development. All these phenomena illustrate the frustrated search for genuine personal identity in an illusionary world of drugs. Only the solidaric and constructive cooperation of the generations can overcome the manifold problems and conflicts of young people which are concentrated in their identitycrises, and only this cooperation can open up new perspectives for a future which is humane and worth living, a future which is the real aim of the subcultural movements and psychodelic experiences. PMID- 1231410 TI - [Self image and defense mechanisms in young drug addicts]. AB - By our psychological treatment of young drug addicts we composed the results of the personal interviews, a self-report inventory (Freiburger Personlichkeits Inventar), the observation of behavior, and the Rorschach-Technique. We found that the investigated individuals showed in their self concept parts of a prejudice concerning drug consumers. This prejudice is an important part of the frame of reference determining the behavior of the young people. Investigating the defense-mechanisms and the strategies of personal existence we found clear differences between the groups of hallucinogene abusers and opiate addicts. In both groups there are different reaction types for avoiding and working up internal and external stress. PMID- 1231411 TI - [Normoplastic interventions in conflict-oriented brief therapy]. AB - A method of brief psychotherapy developed in the clinic for psychogenic and psychosomatic diseases Tiefenbrunn, and suited for patients unable to deal with interpretations is presented. From focal psychotherapy inaugurated by Balint, to which it constitutes a counterpart, the method differs as to mutative interventions, which are specifically directed at the norms determining patient behaviour. The interventions are derived from an analytically oriented assessment of psychodynamics. Their mode of functioning is explained within a psychoanalytic model of psychic functioning. Indications, especially in comparison to Balint's focal therapy are stated. Technique is described. PMID- 1231412 TI - [Supplementary remarks on post-traumatic reactions]. AB - The post-traumatic reaction, at least in the group of soldiers under discussion, consisted in the conflict between their courage and moral, on one hand, and the fear of death, on the other. We should consider the great majority of these soldiers as good human and war material, not prone to cowardice or neglect of their duties. In spite of this, it was obvious in their case that human endurance is not unlimited. Their desease was not a subconscious simulation, but a real case of conversion hysteria at some of them, and the anxiety hysteria, accompanied by the nightmares, at the others. The disclosing psychotherapy, started immediately and conducted in concentrated form, led to self-awareness and to complete recovery. PMID- 1231413 TI - [Critique of ideology and the reality principle]. AB - The article is based upon a thesis of Helmut Dahmer, according to which psychoanalysis has not yet been looked upon as ideological criticism and confronts it with Franz Alexander's statements as counterthesis, which point to the fact that psychoanalysis ought always to be seen as critical of ideology in its approach. In connection with the psychoanalytical theory of creativity, this psychological approach from the view point of ideological criticism--that should always be worked out anew--cannot leave unreflected psychoanalysis itself, not only in its theoretical inventory but also in its practise and in the political significance of the latter. Especially the ideologically critical approaches of the more recent theory of narcissism and transcultural studies as well as their connection with present-day social phenomena, developments and problems, give reason to relativize the "western" Ego and its problem-complex; at the same time the concept of Self, its modifications, its socio-economical and philosophical transformations are given a basic position. PMID- 1231414 TI - [Discordance analysis of monozygotic twin pairs. Case study on psychogenesis]. AB - We performed a discordance-analysis on six pairs of identical twins. They were selected from a large series of neurotic patients who came to visit one of two psychoanalytic outpatient departments. The results of this elaborate case studies are discussed here. The classical twin methods usually will help to clear the question of naturenurture-relation. Contrary to this the aim of discordance analysis is to proof specific environmental factors which influence development of neurotic illness. The application of this method is rarely possible, because several conditions have to be fullfilled: The patients have to be identical twins; they must be available and willing to undergo psychoanalytic interview; apart from this they must present discordant neurotic complaints.--By a very exact analysis of the early childhood influences we can draw conclusions about psychogenesis of neutotic illness in later life. This method owns extraordinary advantages because of the existence of a control person with identical genetic outfit. PMID- 1231416 TI - [Middle and autonomous person- remarks on the anthropological reference system in the analytical psychotherapy of Harold Schultz-Hencke]. AB - Remarks concerning the anthropological reference system in the analytical psychotherapy of Harold-Schultz-Henke. This inquiry points out that the interpersonal and social dimension is insufficently considered in the development of Schultz-Hencke's theory. In my opinion, this is evident in three places in his outline of psychological anthropology. In his anthropological presupposition, he sees the social dimension either only in ontological terms as antinomy between persons or in terms of individualpsychology in its intrapsychic effect and individual ways of control. In accordance with that, he does not analyse, in the term middle man, which processes between individual and reference persons make man a middle man. Finally it appears to me that the interpretation of the being and destiny of man as autonomous person reflects the same content. For this reason, I think it is not accidently that Schultz-Hencke pays so little attention to the object references of Freud, and that he does not give them their own place in his theory. In this respect, the presupposition of Schultz-Hencke must be supplemented. The ontological and psychological approach has to be combined with the discipline of social psychology. A psychoanalytical model of interaction has to be developed. But with that the anthropological goals of his psychological anthropology would also be extended in the interpersonal dimension. Next to the autonomy of the individual would come the interdependence (to use a term of social psychology) between the individual and the reference persons. In other words, the point would no longer be the autonomous self realization of the individual alone, but the autonomous self realization of the individual in interdependence. PMID- 1231415 TI - [Structure development of adults with previous early childhood exogenous psychosyndrome]. AB - The author analysed the structure of grown-ups with organic brain damage in early childhood. The study was based on psychoanalytical exploration or treatment of three patients. Typically the patients showed a "schizoid" defect of perception, which was compensated by strong compulsive mechanisms. The genetic, adaptive and structure aspects were discussed on psychoanalytical point of view. PMID- 1231418 TI - [So-called unconscious]. PMID- 1231419 TI - [Inborn orientation procedures during feeding in guillemots (Uria aalge aalge Pont.)]. AB - Guillemots (Uria aalge) swallow fish head first when they are fed, when they pick up fish from the ground and when hunting. The responsible orientation processes in the first two situations are investigated. Experiments on over 300 hand-reared chicks, partly food-naive, showed that when they are fed, swallowing the fish head first results from a combination of orientation processes on the part of the parent and the chick. When picking up fish it results solely from characteristics of the fish. It is explained why the Taxis theory does not seem applicable. Instead of this the study is based on the theory of orientation processes. PMID- 1231420 TI - [Significance of olfaction in the feeding behavior of toads (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae): studies with the natterjack (Bufo calamita Laur.)]. AB - The influence of olfactory and visual prey stimuli on the feeding behaviour of toads was studied as well as their response to lasting olfactory cues. A further aim was to find simple methods for testing olfactory responsiveness in anurans. Subjects were 8 adult specimens of the European species Bufo calamita (natterjack) kept in captivity one year at least. The results point to the role of olfaction in these animals. PMID- 1231421 TI - [Effect of testosterone on the beginning of singing in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis)]. AB - In young male Zebra finches, singing was advanced in time by injections of testosterone-propionate. The juvenile song, which normally occurs on day 34 to 37, could be shifted to day 18 to 19, when injection took place at the 16th day; either earlier or later injections delayed singing (at 25 to 35 days). The advanced juvenile song differs from the normal one, mainly the rhythm is less mature. There seems to be a point prior to which juvenile song cannot be induced, depending possible on the maturation of central nervous motor centers. PMID- 1231417 TI - [Personality study of lung cancer patients]. AB - Formerly the authors had studied the personality profiles of a sample of chronic patients, using the Rorschach psychodiagnostic method. They had found a set of Rorschach types which were closely associated with the presence of lung- cancer in the patients. This set was called by the authors a syndrome reflecting an overpowering, but latent, unconscious sense of crisis, of a catastrophe ("Catastrophe-syndrome"). The present study was set up and carried out to control and validate this finding and to establish its diagnostic value. The following groups of patients were investigated with the Rorschach test: 125 patients with lung-cancer/verified by biopsy/25 patients suspected, but not verified, lung cancer, 50 patients with chronic tuberculosis. For control purposes, the authors have investigated 50 healthy individuals, watched with age and socioeconomic status to the patients. The study obtained the same result, the Rorschach syndrome (31 syndrome signs) was found more frequently in the lung-cancer patients, 17 signs were associated with lung-cancer significantly more frequent. This finding can be considered as a contribution to the study of the personality characteristics of the lung-cancer patients. Although this syndrome can not be held for specific for cancer only, it can give some aid in the differential diagnosis of the patients with suspect lung-cancer. This is supported by the clinical experience of the authors in the last few years. PMID- 1231422 TI - The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of night migrating birds. II. Spring experiments with european robins (Erithacus rubecula). AB - To investigate the relative importance of stellar and magnetic cues for the compass orientation of night migrating birds, 45 European robins (Erithacus rubecula) were tested in automatically registering cages with view of the clear natural night sky. One group was tested in the natural local geomagnetic field, the other group in a field pointing to 120 degrees ESE; birds from both groups were additionally tested in a magnetic field the horizontal component of which was compensated. The observed orientation behavior leads to the conclusion that star compass and magnetic compass are not independent, but that they are interlinked in the way that the star compass is established by information from the magnetic compass. PMID- 1231423 TI - [Flight leadership in flocks of homing pigeons]. AB - Groups of 3-5 homing pigeons individually recognizable by different colours of their plumage were followed by helicopter on their way home. In most cases the animals flew together as a group with frequently changing leadership. Flight formations in terms of leadership were noted every minute. It was examined statistically whether the flight order varies at random or whether there are leading and led birds. In 6 out of 7 experiments with groups of 4-5 pigeons flight order was far from random, one or two pigeons proving to be leaders. In only one experiment leadership did not differ from a random distribution. No correlation could be found between the tendency to lead within a group and homing performance of the single pigeon when released individually. PMID- 1231424 TI - Parturition and related behaviour in the African elephant. AB - The behaviour of a female African elephant before and after paturition was observed and photographed in the Isiolo Game Reserve, Kenya. Birth was very rapid (not actually seen). Post-partum activity was characterized by intensive care giving behaviour in which a few other animals co-operated with the mother. Observations are compared with the few other accounts on the subject. PMID- 1231425 TI - Population control in confined colonies of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse). AB - The mechanisms by which confined colonies of Golden Hamsters regulate the density of their population were investigated. Six experimental populations were established with two males and two females each and allowed to grow freely for 3 8 months. At no time did any population exceed eight individuals. This appeared to be the result of a high rate of infant mortality due to failure of pregnant and parturient females to isolate themselves from the others. Two other populations were then established allowing many more nesting areas and more room for dispersal, but animals continued to crowd together and infant survival did not improve. These results contrast sharply with the large ultimate populations and only slowly developing disturbances seen in rats and mice. This difference in population control appears to be the direct result of a species difference in the tolerance of adults for strange newborns. In two further short-term experiments, the effects of the number and sex of adults in the founding population were systematically examined. The critical density at which no pups survived past the first day was six or more animals; females appeared to contribute more than males to infant mortality. PMID- 1231426 TI - The role of chemical and visual stimuli in the preferential discrimination of young by the cichlid fish cicblasoma nigrofasciatum (gunther). AB - During the parental period, females of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum have demonstrated a keen ability to locate and preferentially discriminate their own wiggling young from those of other species on the basis of chemoreception. Males also apparently perceive chemical substances emitted by their young, but their response is weak in comparison to that of the female. There was no apparent perception of chemical substances emanating from eggs until 10 to 15 hours prior to hatching at which time, females began responding to them. No clear nor consistent preference by visual means, alone was shown by pairs of C. nigrofasciatum toward wiggling young of either their own species or those of Hemichromis; however, rapid preferential discrimination, by such means, was shown when a pair's own wiggling young were tested with free-swimming young of a foreign species. Vision apparently serves primarily for orienting the parents to young during their wiggling stage of development, while chemoreception serves primarily a discriminative function, at least, when both chemical and visual stimuli are present in a given situation. Once the free-swimming stage of development has been reached, parental vision not only continues to mediate orientation to the young, but also assumes an increasing role in discriminating among different types of young. When combining the chemical stimuli of wiggling young of their own species with the visual stimuli of either these same young or wiggling young of another species, females of C. nigrofasciatum apparently can learn, within 15 to 19 hours, sufficient visual characteristics to show preferential discrimination, at least, for a period of 5 to 7 hours after removal of the chemical stimuli. This result was in sharp contrast to that seen when visual stimuli, alone were tested for the same or longer periods. The interaction of chemical and visual stimuli in young recognition by parental cichlids and the relevance of the present findings to previous studies, dealing with similar mechanisms, are discussed. PMID- 1231427 TI - [Influence of prenatal auditory experience on the development of visual attachment in the domestic chick]. AB - Newly hatched domestic chicks learned to prefer the object bearing the same visual characteristics as the environment associated to the initially preferred clucking sound. Domestic chicks chose after prenatal exposure between two different clucking sounds by running towards one loudspeaker and settling there. Then all chicks were individually exposed to two alternating optical stimulus situations of equal length, each of which was accompanied by one of the clucking sounds. Subsequently, in an exclusively visual choice situation, the chicks chose the stimulus that had been associated with the preferred clucking sound. PMID- 1231429 TI - [Effectiveness of stage-by-stage treatment of children with rheumatism]. PMID- 1231428 TI - [Comparative analysis of the causes of death among infants under 1 year of age in the cities and villages]. PMID- 1231430 TI - [Effectiveness of pre-journey medical examinations of the locomotive operator team]. PMID- 1231431 TI - [Cardiovascular disease mortality in Blagoveshensk during 1969-1971]. PMID- 1231432 TI - [Role of scientific societies in the improvement of qualification of practicing physicians]. PMID- 1231433 TI - [State and tasks of the branch system of scientific information in RSFSR]. PMID- 1231434 TI - [Dynamics of physical development of schoolchildren in Blagoveshchensk]. PMID- 1231435 TI - [Form of improvement of qualifications of medical historians]. PMID- 1231436 TI - [Rationale for centralization of the hospital surgical service in central regional hospital]. PMID- 1231437 TI - [A rare type of transorbital brain injury]. AB - Case report of transorbital brain injury from a mortar shot. A bolus of powder particles and iron had penetrated the right orbit and then the roof of the orbit and led to the formation of an intracerebral abscess. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach is described. PMID- 1231438 TI - [Extensive arterial spasms masking arteriovenous angioma of the posterior cranial fossa]. AB - In the case of clinically evident subarachnoid hemorrhage it is possible for additional complications in the form of cerebrovascular spasms to mask the source of hemorrhage. And if the spasms basally affect all of the cerebral arteries, then the probable site of hemorrhage cannot be concluded from the location of spastic vasoconstrictions. Therfore, it is necessary that all regions of the brain be angiographed during repeated examinations. Being the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, infrequently occuring small-size arteriovenous angiomata of the posterior cranial fossa [6,3,5] sometimes cannot be located accurately by methods other than angiotomography. PMID- 1231439 TI - [Cranial vault meningioma having the angiographic picture of an extracerebral hematoma]. AB - The angiographic symptom of vessels forced away from the cranial vault may, in rare circumstances, be due to a tumor of the meninges. The differential diagnosis of such "pseudosubdural hematomata" is uncertain preoperatively. The anamnesis and clinical findings do not in such cases allow a clear decision to be made. PMID- 1231440 TI - [Solitary Cysticercus cellulosae racemosus in the fourth ventricle]. AB - A case is reported where it was possible, by surgical intervention, to show a cysticercus in the fourth ventricle to be the cause of a serious increase in intracranial pressure. The difficulties of preoperative contrast diagnosis in the case of space occupying lesions in the rhomboid fossa are described with reference to this particular case. Also discussed is the increasing importance of cysticercosis in our latitudes. PMID- 1231441 TI - [Osteomyelitis of the frontal bone following exeresis of the N. supraorbitalis]. AB - The paper describes a case of osteomyelitis of the frontal bone after exeresis of the first trigeminal branch, which was postoperatively precipitated probably by chronically relapsing hordeola. General principles of skull-cap osteomyelitis are discussed, and conclusions are drawn form the case describe in the paper. PMID- 1231442 TI - [Successful extirpation of meningioma of the posterior cranial fossa in a 5-year old girl]. AB - Case report on a successful removal of an infratentorial meningioma in a 5-year old girl. PMID- 1231443 TI - [Hydrocephalus and papilledema in caudal tumors]. AB - Another two cases of hydrocephalus and papilledema with cauda tumours are communicated and a multifactorial pathomechanism is discussed. The following recommendations are given to avoid diagnostic and therapeutical mistakes due to an apparently cerebral symptomatology with cauda tumours and only a mild local finding: I. A thorough investigation of the history.--2. An impartial complete neurological examination omitting possible emphasis indicated by the first examiner.--3. A complex diagnostic intergration of single findings (native x-ray pictures, findings of the cerebrospinal fluid) in keeping with the diagnostic survey.--4. A consideration of the differential diagnosis of rare diseases. PMID- 1231445 TI - [Editorial: Quality control: test of the truth or of adequacy?]. PMID- 1231444 TI - [Brain metastases of malignant chorioepithelioma]. AB - The neurological symptomatology, problems associated with diagnosis, and possible methods of treatment are discussed by reference to 28 cases (described in detail in the literature) and 2 cases (from our own patient stock) of intracranial metastases of malignant chorioepitheliomata. PMID- 1231447 TI - [Quality control in the clinical biology laboratory]. PMID- 1231446 TI - [The association for analytic quality in clinical biology: results of 2 years activity in medical microbiology]. PMID- 1231448 TI - Longacting steroid preparations. PMID- 1231449 TI - [Review of the 1973 hematology quality control]. PMID- 1231451 TI - [Blood platelets and cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 1231450 TI - The position of national surveys in proficiency testing of clinical chemistry laboratories. Results of the national surveys in Belgium (1971-1973). PMID- 1231452 TI - [Blood platelets and thrombosis]. PMID- 1231453 TI - [Arterial thrombosis: interaction between the arterial wall, the platelets and the plasma proteins]. PMID- 1231454 TI - [Mechanisms of arterial and venous thrombosis]. PMID- 1231455 TI - [Platelet function and tests for their ascertainment]. PMID- 1231456 TI - Pharmacological properties of drug inhibiting platelet aggregation. PMID- 1231457 TI - Effect of dipyridamole on blood platelets in pharmacological experiments. PMID- 1231458 TI - Enhanced platelet aggregation as a risk factor for vascular disease and its thromboembolic complications. PMID- 1231460 TI - [Platelet hyperaggregability secondary to thrombolytic treatment]. PMID- 1231459 TI - Clinical pharmacology of anti-aggregating substances. PMID- 1231461 TI - The antithrombotic properties of dipyridamole clinical investigations and results. PMID- 1231462 TI - [Professor van Cauwenberge's conclusion of the day, dedicated to platelet adhesiveness]. PMID- 1231463 TI - The liver in human diabetes. Concentration of some induced enzymes. AB - Since glycogen overloading is one of the outstanding features of the diabetic liver, a series of investigations were undertaken to find an enzymatic explanation of this feature. Three groups of patients were studied: non diabetics submitted to liver biopsy during surgery (group A); non diabetics submitted to percutaneous liver biopsy (group B). In both these groups G-6-PDH, PK and MDH were assayed, all these being adaptive enzymes of intermediate metabolism. Results were expressed as muU/100 mg proteins. The significant finding of the comparison of these two groups was the low concentration of these enzymes in surgical biopsies. The depression was such that for G-6-PDH the concentration was more than 10 times less in surgical specimens as compared to percutaneous ones, whereas for PK it was almost 10 times less. In view of these findings no further surgically obtained biopsy material was used in this study. The third group (C) included insulin-dependent diabetics in good metabolic control from whom percutaneous liver biopsies were obtained for the assay of the same enzymes as above and in order to compare the results with those of group B. All three enzymes were diminished in diabetics, the difference being statistically significant for G-6-PDH and PK, not for MDH in view of the wide dispersion of the values found. Comparison and analysis of these results lead to the conclusion that in view of the low concentration of these enzymes in diabetics, glucose utilization in the liver cell must be presumed to be increased via other metabolic pathways. PMID- 1231464 TI - Insulin-binding antibodies in diabetic patients. Dynamic aspects of their formation. AB - Insulin-binding antibodies in serum of two groups of diabetics were followed up for a longer period of time. The first group had never been treated with exogenous insulin and showed a low antibody titer, with negligible changes in their level and diminishing of antibody production during ageing. Patients who had received insulin presented some differences: strong dependence of antibody titer on insulin dose; the very high doses, however, as well as a long period of treatment with insulin were accompanied with lowering of antibody concentration. PMID- 1231465 TI - Effect of ageing on insulin and insulin-glucose sensitivity tests in rats. AB - Insulin tolerance tests have shown old rats to respond to injection of the hormone by a sharp and lasting drop in blood sugar. The difference between these animals and young and adult ones lies in their inability to restore a normal blood glucose level. Glucose tolerance and insulin-glucose tolerance tests show that glucose uptake under the influence of the hormone is significantly reduced with age in absolute terms. However, the difference in glucose assimilation coefficient in the absence or presence of insulin (deltaK) is comparable in all age groups; thus senile rats were found to be as sensitive even to small doses of hormone as the adult ones, if basal levels are taken into account. PMID- 1231466 TI - [Introduction to psychosomatic medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231467 TI - [The significance of digestive troubles of children in a psychosomatic perspective (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231468 TI - [Psychoanalytical nosography and digestive pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231469 TI - [Psychological aspects of ulcerous gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231470 TI - [Ulcerative rectocolitis. Somatic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231471 TI - [Psychological aspects of ulcerative rectocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231472 TI - [Ulcerative rectocolotis: autogenous training. On several serious cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231473 TI - [Therapeutic approach in psychosomatic gastroenterology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231474 TI - Effects of anesthetics and other drugs on pulmonary vasoconstriction in hypoxic areas of the lung. AB - Experiments in isolated perfused cat lungs and in intact dogs indicate that clinically-used concentrations of inhalational anesthetics can produce a reversible depression of the pulmonary vasoconstrictor mechanism which is believed to divert blood flow away from underventilated (i.e. hypoxic) areas of lung. It is possible that this mechanism may increase arterial hypoxaemia during anesthesia. PMID- 1231475 TI - Biochemical principles of the biotransformation of general anesthetics. PMID- 1231476 TI - Biotransformation and toxicity of local anesthetics. AB - The biotransformation of clinically important ester- and amide-type local anesthetic agents is reviewed with emphasis on their fate in man. Aspects considered include: 1 degree the contribution of biotransformation to overall pharmokinetic profiles and systemic safety; 2 degrees the effect of disease on biotransformation; 3 degrees biotransformation and fate in the neonate; 4 degrees pathways and products of biotransformation; 5 degrees pharmacokinetics of metabolites; 6 degrees pharmacological activity and toxicity of metabolites. PMID- 1231477 TI - Biotransformation and toxicity of intravenous anesthetics. AB - Metabolism is less important than redistribution as a factor influencing recovery from intravenous barbiturates, but it plays a more important part than was once thought. In contrast with inhalational agents the metabolites of intravenous anesthetics are not the cause of their side effects. The recent reports of hypersensitivity reactions are serious; they show reactions which could be attributable to histamine release and the histaminoid response may be accompanied by bronchospasm. A retrospective analysis of 70 patients suggests that they are more likely to occur in patients with a history of allergy or drug sensitivity or the prior administration of the same drug. The situation is particularly serious in the case of Althesin but it can occur with all drugs. PMID- 1231478 TI - Cellular toxicity of anesthetics. AB - Inhalational anesthetics produce a range of side effects in addition to the production of narcosis. These are not uniform for all anesthetics, but show specificity. The side effects are not the result of uniform depression of all cell functions and are themselves highly specific. The basic mechanisms appear to be binding of the anesthetic to hydrophobic sites in macromolecules, with resulting conformational changes which may cause a change of properties. Examples are inactivation of enzymes, depolymerisation of polymers (such as microtubules) and paralysis of motile systems. These effects cause widespread changes such as interference with metabolic processes, cellular motility, micro structure and cell division. Cellular toxicity may also result from the action of biotransformation products including free radicals. These may disrupt membranes and result in autolysis of cells. Immune responses to anesthetics and their biotransformation products have been demonstrated but their clinical significance is not yet known. PMID- 1231479 TI - Immunological aspects of halothane hepatitis. Possible relevance of biotransformation. AB - The hypothesis that "halothane hepatitis" is related to hypersensitivity to the agent is widely accepted. The hypothesis is based, in part, on reports ostensibly demonstrating cell mediated immunity to halothane in such patients. These reports, however, are open to criticism and have not been confirmed. Halothane is unlikely to be capable of antigenicity in its own right, although reactive metabolites may be involved. We have further investigated cell mediated immunity in patient with alleged halothane hepatitis. Human serum albumin and liver specific protein were chemically trifluoroacetylated and these complexes were used as potential antigens in lymphocyte transformation and leucocyte migration inhibition tests. Using these in vitro indices, cell mediated immunity was not demonstrated in any of the patients studied. It is possible that other metabolites and/or carrier molecules may be involved, and that patients predisposed to autoimmune disease may be particularly at risk. PMID- 1231480 TI - Biotransformation in man and clinical toxicity of volatile anesthetics. AB - Delayed toxic reactions following general anesthesia are dependent on biotransformation of ansethetic drugs. Up to ten grams of metabolites of the more extensively metabolized volatile anesthetics may undergo irreversible intracellular binding. This could contribute importantly to the incidence of hepatic necrosis. A second important cause of toxic reactions is production of toxic metabolites. Nephrotoxicity with impairment of urine concentrating ability following methhoxyflurane anesthesia correlates best with blood fluoride levels and total urinary oxalate. A possible role of enzyme induction in hepatic and hepatorenal failure following, fluroxene anesthesia is suggested by recent studies in the monkey, which demonstrate that pretreatment with phenobarbital results in increased production of a toxic metabolite and conversion of a well tolerated anesthesia to a rapidly lethal one. Improvement in the safety to general anesthesia can be expected from either of two developments: production of anesthetics which are resistant to biotransformation, or development of drugs which will inhibit biotrasnformation during and immediately following anesthesia when maximum rates of biotransformation tend to occur. An important additional safeguard will have been achieved when a successful method is found to identify before exposure patients who may susceptible to delayed toxic reactions. PMID- 1231481 TI - Lack of teratogenic dangers with halothane. AB - Chronic exposure of pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to a range of halothane concentrations from 50-3200 p.p.m. for 8 hours a day on days 8-12 of gestation failed to demonstrate significant teratogenicity in terms of foetal loss, growth, or skeletal abnormalities. Exposure to 1600 p.p.m. showed significant changes only in foetal weights, which were slightly decreased. PMID- 1231482 TI - Working in operating rooms, an unhealthy existance? AB - A literature survey indicates that some complaints occur relatively frequently among anesthetists and nurses working in operating rooms. Pollution of the air in the operating rooms by anesthetic gases is often considered as a possible cause. On account of this the degree of pollution has been determined. Concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane were measured using an infrared absorption spectrophotometer. In each room the concentrations were measured at several different sites. In naturally ventilated operating rooms the concentrations increased steadily during operation. The measured values lied mostly between 1500 and 3000 ppm (vol/vol) for nitrous oxide and between 15 and 35 ppm for halothane. In mechanically ventilated operating rooms where no recirculation is applied a constant level was found some time after the beginning of an operation. The concentrations varied from about 100 to 500 ppm for nitrous oxide and from 1 to 5 ppm for halothane. In naturally ventilated operating rooms the anesthetic gases were rather homogeneously spread, while in mechanically ventilated rooms there was an inhomogeneous distribution. Scavenging of waste anesthetics is recommended. PMID- 1231483 TI - Fetal and environmental hazards. PMID- 1231484 TI - Computers in anesthesiology and intensive care. User attitudes to a real-time patient data display system. AB - Wythenshawe Hospital is a large district general hospital, with an important Cardio-Thoracic department. A developed DNTRODUCED into this area and its attendent laboratories two years ago. Six months after hardware commissioning the system was fully operational throughout the whole department and during the past two years most of the additional user requirements, including calculations, have been met. This paper describes the attitudes and acceptance by doctors, nurses, laboratory and para-medical staff to the concept of recording all patients clinical information within this environment, via a computer system. Staff considered that both input and retrieval of information had been improved by computer assistance, and telephone call within the department had been reduced. Nurses and technicians prefered computer assistance to the old system of manual record keeping, but clinicians appeared less decided. However, all groups trusted the computer. PMID- 1231485 TI - First experiences with a documentation system via display terminals. AB - A documentation and monitoring system has been developed by members of the Department of Anesthesiology and the Department of Medical Data Processing of the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen. It is conceived in such a way that it should cover all the needs of the department, which is to say that every anesthesia done by a staff member should be documented, supervised and assisted by the computer service. The anesthesiological staff works only with 16 color visual display units, which are installed in the different operation theatres and in the intensive care unit of the department. These devices are used as an inquiry-response system for the dialogue between medical operator and computer. They display both alphanumerics and graphics in four different colors and modes. Information is entered in the system via so-called masks, which contain a larger section of information, and by on-line data recording. PMID- 1231486 TI - Westminster hospital computer system User attitudes. AB - Development of computer-assisted patient monitoring began at Westminster Hospital in early 1971. The system handles fluid balance measurements from data input to the system by keyboards, and automatically monitors cardiovascular measurements made by standard bedside monitors. Various graphical outputs are available on visual displays at the bedside to assist in the care of the patients, and as hard copy to replace the "traditional" nurses charts. The system was designed to assist the nurses in their daily tasks, and much of its initial success is believed to be due to the "user oriented" design philosophy. PMID- 1231487 TI - Use of a small computer with magnetic memory. AB - Simple programming has permitted the use of the program memory of a Hewlett Packard minicomputer (150 X 80 X 40 mm--300 g) as support of selected information from anesthetist's patient record. Magnetic cards (71 X 11 X 0.2 mm) are used to store patient data. To limit manipulation of magnetic archives, storage is restricted to one card per patient corresponding approximately to one half kilobit. Speed and simplicity of the system frees the anesthetist from external help. Extreme flexibility makes it particularly suitable for preliminary studies and extraordinary low cost permits many trials and errors making an excellent training device of it. PMID- 1231488 TI - Problems of equipment failure and signal disturbances in computer aided monitoring. PMID- 1231489 TI - Computers in anesthesiology and intensive care. PMID- 1231490 TI - Experience with continuous monitoring of lungcompliance and airway resistance. AB - Recently the Auprem apparatus is developed and enables to compute automatically on line the values of compliance and airway resistance, by means of a pneumotachograph. The application in anesthesiology are manifold. As illustration, a study of enflurane (Ethrane) on respiratory dynamics is described. In a group of 10 patients, we found a slight although not significant decrease of airway resistance by +/- 10% (5.2 +/- 0.5 before enflurane and 4.9 +/ 0.4 cm H2O/1/sec. after enflurane). Elastance was nearly unchanged as well as compliance. Some examples of the study of ventilation patterns are given. In a same patient the Engstrom respirator 300 and the Servoventilator with constant flow pattern and with increasing flowpattern are compared. When the plateau phase is suppressed, the computed values of airway resistance and elastance differ markedly. The ability to use central venous pressure instead of oesophagial pressure is an important innovation and opens a new research area for studying critical care patients. PMID- 1231491 TI - A simple and non-invasive method to determine the ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung and the effective lung perfusion. AB - A method is presented to obtain the ventilation-perfusion ratio non-invasively. To describe the properties of gasexchange over the lung we used the law of mass conservation. The use of sinusoidal changes in the concentration of a tracergas in the inspired mixture results in a simple formulation of the variation in the concentration in the expired mixture over the variation in the inspired mixture. A careful selection of tracergas and cycleperiod of the sinus enables us to neglect the influence of venous return leaving the ventilation-perfusion ratio as sole physiological variable in the formulation. The lungperfusion can be obtained by measuring the total ventilation and correcting this value for deadspace ventilation. The method can be used to evaluate the influences of techniques like positive end-expired pressure and increased carbon dioxyde levels on shunting. It is also suited for monitoring purposes. PMID- 1231492 TI - Pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - We have studied 45 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pathological studies were performed on 30 open lung biopsies and 15 autopsies. Concomitantly the physiologic characteristics of the hypoxemia in response to different inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) and Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) were determined. These studies allowed categorization of ARDS into 3 groups. Group I had the most severe hypoxemia and a severe fixed shunt at all PEEP and FIO2. Pathologically, there was extensive acute edema, hemorrhage, and exudation to the point of consolidation. Group II had less severe hypoxemia which improved moderately but slowly in response to PEEP and shunt increased with decrease in FIO2 indicating diffusion disturbances or severe ventilation perfusion abnormalities. Pathology showed severe fribrosis. Group III had least hypoxia which rapidly and markedly improved with PEEP. Shunt also increased with decrease in FIO2. Pathology showed acute changes similar to but less severe than group I. Prognosis was best for group III with 10 of 21 long term survivors (one after ECMO or extracorporeal membrane exygenation). In group I only 2 of 11 survived after prolonged periods of ECMO. In group II, 3 of 13 survived (one required ECMO) with satisfactory pulmonary function despite biopsy evidence of severe fibrosis during the acute illness. These pathological and physiologic studies are useful to better understand ARDS, to optimize respiratory care and for prognosis. PMID- 1231493 TI - Capnography: a sensitive method of early detection of air embolism. AB - Seven capnograms are shown demonstrating the invariable fall in the level of expired CO2 which occurs during the operation for the insertion of a Pudenz-Heyer drain for hydrocephalus. The fall occurs when contrast medium is injected down the heart catheter after withdrawal of the guide but never after subsequent injections unless air is present in the syringe. The effect is shown not to be due to a difference in temperature between the contrast medium and the body. A comparison is made with a capnogram recorded during the setting up of an I.V. transfusion in an infant in which a small quantity of air was seen to enter the circulation along the tubing of the butterfly needle. It is concluded that the fall in the capnogram seen during Pudenz-Heyer operations is due to air embolism. The severity of its effect is shown to be proportional to the volume of air injected in relation to body weight. The value of the capnograph as a sensitive monitor of air embolism is emphasised together with the fact that the fall in the capnogram precedes that of the blood pressure or any other recordable effect. PMID- 1231494 TI - [Massive pulmonary embolism after Moore's prosthesis. Embolectomy under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1231495 TI - [Emergency treatment of severe pulmonary embolism using embolectomy with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1231496 TI - [Cervico-cephalic femoral prosthesis. Death by massive pulmonary fat embolism mechanical origin]. PMID- 1231497 TI - [Systematic demonstration of circulating fatty globules during total hip prosthesis implantation. Clinical significance]. PMID- 1231498 TI - [Changes in Pa02 during cemented arthroplasties of the hip]. PMID- 1231501 TI - The significance of inhomogenities in acrylic bone cement. PMID- 1231500 TI - [Rational treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip]. PMID- 1231499 TI - Long-term outcome of simple femoral head prostheses. PMID- 1231502 TI - Milwaukee brace treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis. PMID- 1231503 TI - Lateral release and capsulotomy. An operative in the treatment of flexion contracture of the rheumatoid knee joint. A 5-year follow-up and description of operative technique and physiotherapy. PMID- 1231504 TI - [Popliteal aneurysm complicating an osteogenic exostosis of the tibia]. PMID- 1231505 TI - [Case of Ollier's dyschondroplasia]. PMID- 1231506 TI - [Scoliosis and lumbarization of the first sacral vertebra with osseous bridging between the transverse apophyses, of L5-L6. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 1231507 TI - Scoliosis and myasthenia gravis. A case report. PMID- 1231508 TI - [Recent electrophysiologic advances pertaining to the hand]. PMID- 1231509 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Apropos of 59 operated cases]. PMID- 1231510 TI - [Surgical technic for the repair of ligaments in the post-traumatic instability of trapezo-metacarpal articulation of the thumb]. PMID- 1231511 TI - Progressive valgus deformity of the knee after resection of an exostosis at the proximal medial tibial metaphysis. A case report. PMID- 1231512 TI - The effects of hallux valgus and Keller's operation on the load-bearing function of the foot during walking. PMID- 1231513 TI - [Pitfalls of closed center nailing of the tibia in the treatment of recent diaphyseal fractures of the leg in adults]. PMID- 1231514 TI - [Maxillary sinus tumor in a patient with mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 1231516 TI - [Comparison of nystagmus due to a caloric test. (recording ENG) with the eyes open in the dark or eyes closed]. PMID- 1231515 TI - [A case of mucormycosis]. PMID- 1231517 TI - Barotraumatic rupture of the saccule follwing stapedectomy. PMID- 1231518 TI - [High-pressure oxygen insufflation in suspension laryngoscopy. Indications, materials, limitations and objective results]. PMID- 1231519 TI - Open tube endoscopic photography in otorhinolaryngology and bronchoesophagology. PMID- 1231520 TI - [Endonasal approach to the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 1231522 TI - [Resuscitation of patients poisoned by organo-phosphorus neurotoxic agents]. AB - Poisoning by Neurotoxic organo phosphorus products is frequent problem in Iran. Reanimation of these patients depends on the following: 1 - To begin reanimation rapidly. 2- Usage of atropine and special anticholisterasics antidotes. In case of need for surgical intervention, the use of succinylcholin is prohibited and other muscle relexants should be used with most care. PMID- 1231529 TI - [Serological data on rabies in foxes studied in Iran]. AB - During the epidemiological research of zoonoses, the authors have studied the rabies of wild animals: fox. For the serological tests, the blood was taken by heart puncture of foxes. 193 specimens were tested and 26 (13.5%) of the foxes had neutralizing antibody in their blood. This study confirms that during the rabies epizooty, the Vulpin population, may contract a non-fatal disease and produce the neutralizing antibody. Thus, the fox has a real place in the epidemiology of rabies in Iran. PMID- 1231530 TI - Studies on clinical, haematological aspects and pathological changes of gastric mucosa in geophagia. AB - 1) Geophagia characterized by, severe, anaemia, dwarfism, hypogonadism and hepatosplenomegaly is sometimes seen in young patients (and children) in Iran. 2) Haematological aspects of the syndrome are those of, severe, iron deficiency anaemia. 3) Gastric biopsies and histological findings revealed superficial or atrophic gastritis showing some resemblance to those seen in pernicious anaemia. 4) Haematological features, anaemia and many of the clinical signs of the syndrome were improved after appropriate iron therapy. 5) Histological changes of gastric mucosa improved, in 5 patients, 6 months after correction of the anaemia. PMID- 1231531 TI - Bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery, associated with aneurysm of the basilar trunk. AB - 1) A case of bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery with aneurysm of basilar trunk is reported. 2) Via femoral angiography confirmed the diagnosis which is strongly recommended in diagnosing such cases. 3) No surgical treatment is considered. 4) No similar case has been reported in literature. PMID- 1231532 TI - Foreign bodies of the tracheobronchial tree and esophagus. AB - Report of 850 cases of foreign bodies in the air and food passages is presented. The incidence of the accident was more in children between the age of 1-6 years than others. No sex difference was noted for the incidence of the accident. The presence of leech as a foreign body in this report is of interest. General anesthesia is recommended in the case that foreign bodies are present in the air way of children. In these cases bronchoscopy with oxygenation by insulfation in brochoscope or Ventury 50 or other similar techniques is recommended. PMID- 1231533 TI - Incidence of phobias in Iranian psychiatric patients. AB - During 1972 a study was undertaken in Roozbeh Mental Hospital of Tehran University to investigate the prevalence of phobias among the patients suffering from one type or another of mental disorders. It was found that about 10 percent of the total patients visited in the hospital were suffering from phobia. Moreover, darkness, corpse, crowd, pet animals, fear from cancer and syphilis accounted for 79% of the most common phobias, among the 655 recorded cases. PMID- 1231534 TI - On the attempt to establish a model on steroid-induced osteoporosis in bones of rats. PMID- 1231535 TI - [Correction of malformative vesicorenal reflux through the advancement of the ureteral submucosa]. PMID- 1231536 TI - [Cancer of the prostate. Present status of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy]. PMID- 1231537 TI - A comparative survey of two schemes of tuberculostatics. PMID- 1231538 TI - [Bifid caudal ureter. Apropos of a case with a blind bladder extremity]. PMID- 1231539 TI - Ureterocalyceal anastomosis. Report on 4 cases. PMID- 1231540 TI - [Endomyometriosis of the ureter]. PMID- 1231541 TI - [Renal varices. Apropos of a personal case]. PMID- 1231542 TI - [The intestinal conduit. Role of infection of an isolated loop and intestino renal reflux]. PMID- 1231543 TI - [Cacchi-Ricci's disease associated with hyperparathyroidism and a giant-cell tumor of the mandible]. PMID- 1231544 TI - [Acute and chronic nonspecific bacterial prostatitis. Symptomatic and therapeutic study. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 1231545 TI - The fate of mould "spores" in the digestive tract of chicks. PMID- 1231546 TI - Studies on relationships of blood group antigens and incidence of Marek's disease in vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations of chicken. PMID- 1231547 TI - Studies on the thyroid function of bursectomized cockerels in vivo. PMID- 1231548 TI - In vitro studies on domestic fowl thyroids. PMID- 1231549 TI - Studies on the diagnostic value of cell inclusions in canine distemper. PMID- 1231550 TI - Radiation elicited changes in bursa of Fabricius and thymus during the ontogeny of chickens. PMID- 1231551 TI - Detection of Mycoplasma meleagridis infection of turkeys in Hungary. PMID- 1231552 TI - Data on determination of toxin F-2 (zearalenone)by high-pressure liquid, gas and thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1231553 TI - Experimental infection of chickens, ducklings and golsings with larvae of Amidostomum anseris (zeder, 1800). PMID- 1231555 TI - Structural abnormalities in the middle piece of the drake's spermatozoon tail. PMID- 1231554 TI - Gas chromatographic evidence of pregnanediols in non-pregnant cow's urine. PMID- 1231556 TI - Occurrence of Hong Kong influenza A (H3N2) virus infection in the Budapest Zoo. PMID- 1231557 TI - Infection of dogs and cats with the Hong Kong influenza A (H3N2) virus during an epidemic period in Hungary. PMID- 1231558 TI - Severe sinusitis in ducklings caused by influenza A virus. PMID- 1231559 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae from sheep with pneumonia. PMID- 1231560 TI - Food preference and consumption by murine rodents. PMID- 1231561 TI - [Genetic control in the mouse]. AB - Spontaneous mutations and environmental variations are responsible for the biological instability of inbred strains of mice. As far as possible, all external factors should be kept constant in a modern animal house. Several techniques to analyse part of the genome are available. Due to this limitation, it would be useful to have several laboratories participating to the genetic control. PMID- 1231563 TI - Feline congenital erythropoietic porphyria associated with severe anemia and renal disease. Clinical, morphologic, and biochemical studies. AB - A feline erythropoietic porphyria was studied in an affected female Siamese cat and 2 male offspring. The principal elevated porphyrins were Type I isomers of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin; the porphyrin precursors, porphobilinogen and sigma-aminolevulinic acid, were also detected. Porphyrins were present in the blood and in all the viscera, teeth, bones, and excreta. There was severe macrocytic hypochromic anemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and uremia associated with a renal disease characterized by mesangial hypercellularity and proliferation (resulting in narrowing of glomerular capillaries) and ischemic tubular injury. There was thickening of tubular basement membranes and tubular epithelial lipidosis, degeneration, and necrosis. Electron microscopic studies of bone marrow and kidney revealed the presence of membrane-enclosed lamellar bodies 150 to 1000 nm in diameter in cytoplasmic and extracellular locations. PMID- 1231566 TI - The relationship of actin and myosin filaments within myocardial zonal lesions. AB - Cross sections, including serial sections, of myocardial zonal lesions in right vetricular papillary muscles of cats subjected to hypovolemic shock were examined by electron microscopy. It was determined that the basic structure of A and I bands was retained even in severe zonal lesions with herniation of A and I bands through the intercalated disc into adjacent myocytes. The herniated A and I bands, together with accompanying mitochondria, were enclosed in membranes, apparently the unspecialized portion of the intercalated disc. Since the longitudinal orientation of myofilaments is retained in zonal lesions, this study indicates that intact A and I bands must slide past one another during the supercontraction of sarcomeres which is characteristic of zonal lesions. This study also presents evidence that the nexus may become involved in zonal lesions. PMID- 1231567 TI - Mast cell phagocytosis of red blood cells. AB - The prevalence of mast cells infiltrating bone marrow of different rats varied widely, as did the staining properties and size of their cytoplasmic granules. Bone marrow mast cells from several rats revealed large membrane-limited inclusions which stained metachromatically or orthochromatically and resembled inclusions in some macrophages. Ultrastructurally, mast cells varied widely in content of uniform dense granules or enlarged granules with less dense, fine grained content. Some of the large inclusions observed ultrastructurally in mast cells were heterophagic vacuoles which contained erythrocytes or reticulocytes, or remnants from other phagocytized cells, possibly neutrophils or unidentified homogeneous material. Smaller bodies, interpreted as fragments of erythrocytes, lay extracellularly near mast cells and occupied small, membrane-limited, heterophagic vacuoles in some mast cells. In other mast cells, communal vacuoles enclosed several specific cytoplasmic granules in various stages of disruption. The communal vacuoles occasionally opened to the extracellular space. A few large indeterminate vacuoles in mast cells contained amorphous flocculent matter which apparently derived either from coalescence of cytoplasmic granules through fusion of granule membranes or from endocytosis. PMID- 1231565 TI - Irreversible myocardial injury in anoxic perfused rat hearts. AB - Isolated rat hearts were perfused at 37 C on a double reservoir, nonrecirculating Langendorff apparatus. For aerobic perfusion, Krebs-Henseleit medium containing 10 mM glucose was gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2; for anoxic perfusion, glucose was replaced with 10 mM mannitol, a nonmetabolizable substrate, and the medium was equilibrated with 95% N2-5% CO2. Heart effluent was serially collected during perfusion for creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK) analysis. Fixation was with 1% glutaraldehyde for morphologic studies. With aerobic control perfusion, hearts continued contracting, released no CPK, and were morphologically normal by light and electron microscopy examination after 120 minutes. With anoxic perfusion, contractions soon ceased, and by 60 minutes a sustained slow release of CPK was first observed. By electron microscopy, cells at 60 or 90 minutes were swollen and contained amorphous matrix densities in mitochondria; a few cells showed breaks in cell plasma membrane. When anoxic hearts were challenged with reoxygenation, there was a sudden change in color to a pale opaque appearance, CPK was rapidly released, and there was massive cellular swelling. By electron microscopy, damaged cells showed contraction bands, clumping of nuclear chromatin, both amorphous densities and granular dense bodies in mitochondria, and prominent disruptions of cell plasma membranes. The number of damaged cells observed increased as a linear function of time between 30 and 55 minutes of anoxia. The results show that anoxic perfusion in vitro produces irreversible myocardial injury and that this injury is closely associated with loss of cell volume control, release of intracellular enzymes, and striking structural defects in the plasma membrane of the sarcolemma. Reoxygenation accelerates the development of lesions in irreversibly injured cells but protects reversibly injured cells. PMID- 1231571 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral lesions of dense conjuntival tissue. Attempt at pathogenic interpretation]. AB - The histogenesis of pseudotumors of dense connective tissue has been studied. These lesions may be classified as mucoid (synovial cyst and periungueal myxoma), collagenous (desmoid tumor, desmoid fibroblastoma and fibromatosis colli), elastic (elastofibroma dorsi), cellular (fibroblastic: fibromatosis, fasciitis and myositis; histiocytic: giant-cell tumor of tendon sheath, fibrous histiocytoma and atypical fibroxanthoma), metaplastic (ossifying fasciitis, ossifying myositis and juvenile chondroid fibroma) and hamartomatous nature (fibrous hamartoma). It must be emphasized that these lesions show a variable and polymorphouse cellular composition and then can simulate sarcoma. PMID- 1231572 TI - [Puttman-Reye syndrome and ekiri. Neuro-anatomical study and attempt at classification]. AB - The authors report two cases of Puttman Reye syndrome: one, classical, involving a young child with a fatal encephalopathy with visceral fatty infiltration, the other, less typical, not showing any signs of visceral fatty degeneration. Both cases were subjected to complete anatomical examination of the brain, revealing marked cerebral oedema, in localised areas or in a laminar distribution, with degenerative changes in the neurones and slight demyelinisation. The authors, on the basis both on the classical appearances of the first case as well as the atypical features of the second, envisage a clinical, anatomical and biological link between the Puttman-Reye syndrome,. Thai encephalopathy and Ekiri, which they consider to represent a single entity. PMID- 1231573 TI - [Ultrastructure of a sacral chordoma]. AB - The ultrastructural findings in a sacrococcygeal chordoma are presented. The tumor cells showed various types of vacuoles. The presence of two types of membrane-bound dense bodies and an intracellular fibrillar material were other striking features of the tumor. Most of the present findings are in agreement with other studies and suggest a double differentiation of the tumor cells, epithelial and mesenchymatous. It is believed that the extracellular substance forming the tumor matrix is produced by mature tumor cells. Despite the pleomorphism and the variation of cell components, it is suggested that the stellate, intermediate and physaliferous cells, constitute the same cell at different stages of maturation. PMID- 1231574 TI - [Influence of the gastric resection operation on the pathogenesis of biliary diseases]. PMID- 1231575 TI - [The cardiocirculatory surgical risk in thoracic surgery. Clinical study]. PMID- 1231576 TI - [Treatment of phlebopathies of the lower limbs with a new drug with anti inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity]. PMID- 1231577 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of epithelial tumors of the urinary bladder in relation to their surgical treatment]. PMID- 1231578 TI - [Bronchopulmonary cancer and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1231579 TI - [A case of retroperitoneal tumor with an osteoid-productive structure. Clinical and histogenetic considerations]. PMID- 1231580 TI - [Voluminous pseudomyxoma of the ovary occupying the whole peritoneal cavity]. PMID- 1231581 TI - [Lymphadenographic data in various histological forms of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1231582 TI - [Foreign bodies in the rectum]. PMID- 1231583 TI - [Primary echinococcosis of the diaphragm and hydatidosis of the phrenic region. Considerations on a case of primary echinococcosis]. PMID- 1231584 TI - [A case of spontaneous traumatic injury of the axillary artery]. PMID- 1231585 TI - [A rare indirect traumatic injury of the abdomen: liver and duodenal lacerations from stretching of the hepato-duodenal ligament]. PMID- 1231586 TI - [Traumatic injuries of the bladder]. PMID- 1231587 TI - [Consideration on carcinomas of the male mamilla]. PMID- 1231588 TI - A guide to the design and installation of laboratory fume cupboards. PMID- 1231589 TI - Methods for the determination of the atmospheric concentration of oil mist. PMID- 1231590 TI - Alignment of respirable asbestos fibres by magnetic fields. PMID- 1231592 TI - Proceedings: Pre-requisites for a profession in occupational safety and hygiene. PMID- 1231591 TI - The use of infrared spectrophotometry for the estimation of small quantities of single varieties of U.I.C.C. asbestos. PMID- 1231593 TI - Proceedings: US experience with occupational safety and health legislation--an industrial view. PMID- 1231595 TI - Proceedings: A hygienist's view of the future. PMID- 1231594 TI - The implications of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. PMID- 1231596 TI - Proceedings: A safety officer's view of the future. PMID- 1231597 TI - Proceedings: A medical officer's view of the future. PMID- 1231598 TI - Proceedings: The British Examining Board's view of the future. PMID- 1231599 TI - Occupational exposure of petrol pump workers. PMID- 1231600 TI - [Location of ascorbic acid in capillary walls]. PMID- 1231601 TI - [Interactions between antiseptics and surfactants. II. Interaction of methyl parahydroxybenzoate polyoxy-ethylene fatty alcohol etherss by the solubility method]. PMID- 1231602 TI - [Analytic control of drugs containing amino acids. II. Identification by one dimentional chromatography on thin-layer cellulose]. PMID- 1231603 TI - [Modifications of the pharmacodynamic properties of dihydroxy-1, 8 anthraquinone by monoglucosylation]. PMID- 1231604 TI - [Pathways and kinetics of arsenic excretion in the guinea pig after injections of various organo-arsenic drugs]. PMID- 1231605 TI - [Amylase activity of macromycetes]. PMID- 1231607 TI - [Pharmacopoeia problems. Criteria for the choice of monographs]. PMID- 1231606 TI - [N-(morpholyl-acetyl)- and N-(piperidylacetyl)-N'-acylhydrazines, subtances with C.N.S. activity]. PMID- 1231608 TI - [The status of a nonpatented drug of which the basic molecule in patented]. PMID- 1231609 TI - [The compression of powders. The measurement of ejection force for characterization of "compressibility"]. PMID- 1231610 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic properties of some hydroxyethylpiperazinylpyridines (substitutions at 2-3 and 3-4)]. PMID- 1231611 TI - [Cyanocobalamin. Analysis of colored impurities]. PMID- 1231612 TI - [The analysis of hippuric acid by the method of Tomokuni AND Ogata]. PMID- 1231613 TI - [Influence of water penetration on the disintegration of tablets with a starchy base]. PMID- 1231614 TI - [Interactions between antiseptics and surfactants. III. The interaction of parahydroxybenzoate with methylesters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan by a dialysis method]. PMID- 1231615 TI - [Proteolytic activity of macromycetes]. PMID- 1231616 TI - [Some constituants of the essential oil of Satureja gilliesii (Grah.) Briq]. PMID- 1231617 TI - [Paradoxical development of certain parasitoses linked with social and economic evolution]. PMID- 1231618 TI - [Distribution of volatile fatty acids in digestive tract contents of rabbit. I.- Rabbits fed with lucern and oat (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in digestive tract contents of Rabbits was studied using gas chromatography. VFA concentration in the posterior zones of the digestive tract were very high and comparable to values for ruminants. The distribution of the three principal VFA was different from that found in polygastric as well as monogastric animals. In Rabbits, butyrate concentration is higher than that of propionate. A selective absorption of butyrate, resembling an active transport, has been shown in the colon. PMID- 1231619 TI - [Distribution of volatile fatty acids in digestive tract contents of rabbit. II.- Rabbits subjected to fasting (author's transl)]. AB - Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured by gas chromatography in the digestive material of Rabbits subjected to:--alimentary fast for 48 hours;--stercoral fast for 96 hours. A 48 hour alimentary fast caused a substantial drop in VFA in the digestive tract, butyric acid was the most affected, its concentration falling below that of propionate. Fasting for 48 hours did not cause a total cessation of fermentation. Stercoral fasting did not diminish the quantity of VFA in the digestive tract. VFA production was even augmented in the posterior parts (caecum and colon). PMID- 1231620 TI - [Toxicity of ochratoxin A. II.--Effects of treatment on the progeny (F1 and F2) of intoxicated rats (author's transl)]. AB - A group of pregnant rats is given a total of 5 mg/kg of ochratoxin A orally for two (lot A) and four (lot B) days. Treatment begins at day 8 post coitum for both lots. The progeny of these females are recorded and studied (F1 and F2). A description of litter size and ponderal growth of F1 individuals shows the results of the effects of the treatment of the mothers on this generation: reduced litters and late growth. Moreover, there is a high proportion of hydrocephalus which affects only the males. Finally, no effect was observed on F2 animals. PMID- 1231621 TI - [A loop technique for permanent exteriorization of bile flow in rats (author's transl)]. AB - A technique of chronic deviation of the bile flow without affecting either hepatic or pancreatic function is described in the rat. Two silastic tubes are inserted into the bile duct via a single incision, one directed towards the liver and the other towards the duodenum. Using a trocar, the two tubes are brought forward subcutaneously, exteriorized over the frontal region and connected by a polythene U-tube. They are encased in a plastic cylinder firmly fixed to the skull with dental cement, and fitted with a cap. This permits repeated sampling and simultaneous measurement of flow and pressure of bile in unrestrained animals for a least one month. The entero-hepatic bile salt cycle and the animal's weight are unmodified by this procedure. PMID- 1231622 TI - [Contribution to the antigenic study of influenza viruses in animals. II.- Antibodies, antineuraminidase in horse: conditions of apparition and importance (author's transl)]. AB - In the first part of this paper the conditions for a specific titration of antibodies against the neuraminidase (N) of each of the two horse virus subtypes are defined. The antigens used are: the H72Neq 1 recombining agent to measure the anti Neq1 antibodies and the A/Duck/Ukraine/63 strain for the anti Neq2 antibodies. The immunity response to neuraminidase appears after the natural disease; this response is studied in two foci, one due to a virus belonging to the A equi I subtype (Loire 73 strain), the other to a virus of the A equi 2 subtype (SHN 73 strain). The kinetics of apparition of anti N antibodies is mostly comparable to that of antihemagglutinin antibodies. The vaccination also induces an immunity response to neuraminidase: the intensity of this response gives an additional information for studying and checking the efficiency of equine i influenza vaccines. PMID- 1231623 TI - [The nature and importance of weight loss during restraint stress in the growing rat (author's transl)]. AB - From general considerations on pig farming, we have noted the experimental advantage presented by the analogy between the pig and the rat concerning the reaction to restraint stress. This sort of stress undergone during transportation results in an appreciable increase in the weight loss in pigs and the purpose of this study was to show that the same applies to the rat. By direct weighing in one hand by measurement of the gaseous exchanges between the animal and its surroundings atmosphere in the other hand, we observed an increase of about 45 p. 100 in the weight loss after 3 hours restraint. 80-90 p. 100 was due to the cutaneous and respiratory emission of water vapor, the remainder was due to the difference between the weight of carbonic gas expired and that of oxygen inspired. Over a 7-hour period of stress the intake of oxygen increased by 60 p. 100 whereas the respiratory quotient decreased more rapidly than in rats not restrained. These results are discussed with relation to the various metabolism involved in stress reaction. PMID- 1231624 TI - [Intra-ungual linear opacities in psoriasis. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Out of 145 patients with psoriasis, the authors observed in 10 cases linear opacities within the nails. They were not found in 128 controls of the same age. The routine was of X-ray films without a screen permitted their demonstration. These radio-opaque lines found in psoriasis may be the result of topical substances applied to the keratin of the psoriatic nail. PMID- 1231626 TI - [Structure and pathogenic interpretation. Acquired dystrophies of the hair]. AB - The size and form of a segment of a hair are two relatively constant parameters. Their homeostasis reflects precise regulation of the size and form of the matrix (therefore of the papilla), of the proportion of cells normally involved in the cycle of cell division and of the duration of this cycle and of the increase in the average volume of cells during differentiation. Any disturbance in this precise pattern causes dystrophies. Some of these acquired abnormalities in hair structure have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two malformations arising from indentation of the papilla were compared: pili gemini and pagothrix. Their cuticular organisation does not appear to be impaired and remains independent of the fusion and separation of the hair shafts. In addition to these dystrophies due to abnormal formation of the matrix, there are other malformations, bayonet hair and the Pohl-Beau line, which are secondary to temporary disturbances in other volumetric control parameters. Their pathogeny appears similar and their varying aspect is the result of graduated cellular response to the inductor. The structure of the cuticlar of these hairs varies according to their volume: a narrow segment shows a corresponding decrease in the free surface of the cuticular cells; on the other hand, an increase in the volume of the hair causes less overlapping of cuticle cells. The hair generally breaks where there is constriction. These fractures are transversal due to concentration of normal constraint and resemble trichoclasia or trichoschisis in normal or peladic hair. They never occur in the form of a trichoptilosis affecting normal or permed hair. PMID- 1231625 TI - [Hepato-erythrocytic porphyria. A new type of porphyria]. AB - A case of porphyria with symptomatology beginning in early infancy with peculiar biochemical features is described. There were crops of blisters, an extraordinary hypertrichosis and scarring of the exposed skin. The porphyrin examination showed an abnormal excretion pattern of urinary porphyrins with large amounts of 5-COOH carboxyle porphyrins and the protoporphyrin level of the red cells was raised. There was fluorescence of the erythrocytes and erythroblasts. The porphyrin excretion pattern of the stools was similar to those of the PCT. This case is closely similar to another published by the authors in 1969 and to 2 published by Schneider and Simon. The authors consider that could represent a new type of porphyria. PMID- 1231627 TI - [Cutaneous manifestations of chronic atrophic polychondritis and their relation to aphtosis]. AB - A young woman aged 23 showed the clinical feature of relapsing polychondritis. This disease included recurrent inflammation of right ear, nasal rib and larynx cartilages. She had also arthritis of ankle and wrist. She never had aphtosis before her cartilaginous disease. Buccal and genital erosions similar to aphtae occurred before each recurrent attack of cartilage inflammation. In one instance aseptic vesiculo-pustular and erythema nodosum like lesions occurred. This case raises the question of whether this is a never reported association of two diseases or relapsing polychondritis may have dermatological symptoms bordering aphtosis. The latter hypothesis is supported: firstly by the fact that skin symptoms of aphtosis had been reported separately in cases of relapsing polychondritis (buccal aphtae, pustular eruption, erythema nodosum, recurrent thrombophlebitis); secondly by a case very similar to our (Thivolet, see text) showing a typical feature of relapsing polychondritis with a complete dermatological aspect of aphtosis. PMID- 1231628 TI - [Dynamic telethermography in dermatology]. AB - Dynamic telethermography permits direct observation of the emission of infrared rays from the skin of the human body. A certain number of dermatological diseases are liable to modify this emission and then show more or less localised hypo- or hyperthermia, e. g. malignant melanomas which represent the best indication for this new means of paraclinical investigation which has the advantage of being strictly atraumatic. The other black tumours of the skin, the skin carcinomas, certain hematodermias, cutaneous metastases and pre-cancerous conditions, radiotherapy lesions and burns, and hemangiomas may also benefit from this method. In fact, the latter may give some information on their degree of spread and their extension and response to treatment. PMID- 1231629 TI - [Migrant eruptions in lupus erythematosus. Apropos of a case of lupus erythematosis gyratus repens]. AB - Rare cases of migrant circinated eruptions occurring during the course of lupus erythematosus have been published so far. They have been classified in two categories: 1) supposed toxicodermias due to antimalarials; 2) real cases of erythema annulare centrifugum, mostly inaugurating the L. E. In an exceptional case, a migrating eruption looking like an erythema annulare with a complicated pattern on the trunk, neck and limbs, took place between two rashes of typical L.E. The exact nature of this eruption, clinically and histologically atypical, and its relation with the L.E. itself, have been discussed. PMID- 1231630 TI - [Interdigital spinocellular epitheliomas of the foot]. AB - The authors draw attention to the relative commonness of spinocellular epitheliomas located in the 4th and 3rd interdigital spaces of the feet. These epitheliomas, 22 cases in 19 patients, occur chiefly in women (12 cases) and in agricultural workers, secondary to lesions of intertrigo and of "soft corns" present for 2 to 20 years. The principal aetiological factor seems to be continual maceration due to the use of rubber boots, rather than trauma. With this in mind, particular attention should be paid to chronic interdigital lesions of the feet, with the use of wide deep biopsies. PMID- 1231631 TI - [Kaposi's disease. Ultrastructural study of 4 cases]. AB - An ultrastructural study of Kaposi's disease showed often immature vascular proliferation bordered by large globular or fusiform endothelial cells. Other cell types participated in this proliferation: inflammatory cells, pericytes and fibroblasts. These various cell types are the site of active erythrophagocytosis. It is reasonable to accept that the disease is the result of reticulo-endothelial proliferation with multiple morphological types and predominant vascular differentiation. PMID- 1231632 TI - [Plasmacytic reticulosis]. AB - The authors observed one case of plasmocytic reticulosis which was noticable by its strictly left unilateral localisation, involving the face, the underscapular region, the shoulder and the elbow, the leg with an important augmentation of the left foot. Histologically, dense plasmocytic infiltration can be observed without anomalies. Electron microscopy confirmes the presence of plasmocytes at any stage of activity without monstruosities. This observation can not be classified in the forms that are actually described: Kluken's and Simonis' plasmocytic reticulosis, plasmocytomas with osseous and medullar lesions, extramedullar plasmocytoma. PMID- 1231633 TI - [Geographic lip and folded lip. A new association]. AB - In a typical case of geographical lip, the authors discovered the presence of parallel vertical grooves on the mucosal side of the lips and believe these are similar to those observed in folded tongue. They concluded that there is a possible association "geographical lip and folded lip", comparable with the association "geographical tongue and folded tongue". They then carried out a histological study and proposed an etiopathogenic explanation for the folds in the lip in comparison with the fissures of the tongue, dysembryoplasia due to heterotopy of the gustatory or lymphopoietic grooves. PMID- 1231634 TI - [Significance of tryptamine/indoleacetic acid ratio: values obtained in various dermatologic diseases]. PMID- 1231635 TI - [Relationship between the quantity of sweat on the brow and superficial cutaneous lipids determined by the slide method]. PMID- 1231637 TI - [Planning and application by the Ministry of Health in the field of emergency medical assistance]. PMID- 1231636 TI - [Value of a solar simulator in the photobiologic examinations of normal subjects]. PMID- 1231638 TI - [Emergency medical services in USA 1974]. PMID- 1231639 TI - [Report of the industrial hazards of vinyl chloride]. PMID- 1231640 TI - [The place of the physician in the hospital]. PMID- 1231641 TI - [Poliomyelitis in belgium 1973]. PMID- 1231642 TI - [Salmonella growth in the water of the Ostend and Zeebrugge harbor ccmplex]. PMID- 1231643 TI - [Medical and juridical causality. The significance of occupational diseases recognized by law]. PMID- 1231644 TI - [Screening of 80,000 newborn infants at delivery, for amino acid metabolism]. PMID- 1231645 TI - [Rabies in Belgium 1974; summary 1966-1974]. PMID- 1231646 TI - [Trial integration of family planning in the basic health services in Tunisia]. PMID- 1231648 TI - Uricosuric activity of suxibuzone, a new phenylbutazone derivative. PMID- 1231649 TI - Automatism suppresion by tricyclic antidepressant agents on rat right ventricle. PMID- 1231647 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of different N-alkyl substituted cyclic hydrazides]. PMID- 1231650 TI - [Rifampicin. Interactions with other drugs]. PMID- 1231651 TI - [Antileukocyte antibodies. Synthetic review and experimental data]. AB - An account is given about the results of investigations carried out in repeatedly transfused patients. We observed an increased presence of the antileucocyte antibodies in relation to the repeatedly transfused patients. The work was extended also to the repeatedly pregnancies; in this research it was also observed a sensibly increased presence of the antileucocyte antibodies in relation with the number of the pregnancies. PMID- 1231652 TI - [Case of autochthonous subcutaneous dirofilariasis in man]. AB - An autochthonous case of dirofilaria infection observed in Italy is described. The parasite was an unidentified species of dirofilaria removed from a subcutaneous nodule of a patient. The most recent data about epidemiology and geographical distribution of the parasite in Italy are briefly discussed. PMID- 1231653 TI - Polypeptide analysis of a "Leishmania donovani" strain isolated during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in northern Italy. AB - The results of the analysis of the polypeptide composition of a strain of Leishmania donovani isolated during an outbreak of kala azar in northern Italy are reported. PMID- 1231654 TI - [Studies on enzymes (transaminases, OCT) and Au Antigen in infectious hepatitis]. AB - The Authors, after reviewing the problem of Au antigen, recalling the numerous theories thereabout, making reference to the sure datum that the blood containing Au antigen is infecting, and that the Au antigen is synthesized in liver, report the data of laboratory remarked in some epidemic episodes of infectious hepatitis. Besides the Au antigen, 2 enzymes were compared (transaminase and OCT), as liver is particulary rich in enzymes in comparison to other organs: the glutamico-oxalacetic and glutamico-piruvic transaminase in cytoplasmic seat and ornithine-carbamyl-transferase in mitocondrial seat; such enzymes shoud also have a specific meaning and indicate precociousness. From the study of the different episodes, and particularly from the 82 cases resulting positive with one, two or three parameters, they draw the conclusions that the research of the three parameters proved useful from the epidemiologic standpoint, as well as for prevention and timely diagnosis according to the conception of investigations in theme of public health. PMID- 1231655 TI - [Unusual reaction in an adult after revaccination against smallpox]. AB - The Author explains some anomalous reactions in adult, after revaccination smallpox, represented by delay in the loss of the crust and in the lack of the cicatrice. PMID- 1231656 TI - [Strains of Salmonellae isolated at the District Laboratory for Hygiene and Prevention in Verona from 1966 to 1974: identification of various rare strains]. AB - The Authors have reported the isolation of stocks of Salmonellae from 1966 to 1974 in the District Laboratory for Health and Prophylaxis of Verona, remarking a higher frequency in the latest period and a larger range of types than in the past, as a demonstration of the formerly remarked greater diffusion of such germs, which may be due to the type of food, increase in ill animals, touring exchanges between the different countries, and also import of foodstuffs from foreign countries. The Authors, moreover, point out the presence of rarer stocks, such as S. takoradi and S. saint paul isolated from coprocultures; S. agbeni isolated from a zootechnic fodder is a very rare stock, and seems to be the first isolated in Italy, according to the typing done by the Upper Institute for Health. PMID- 1231657 TI - [Characteristics of various NAG vibriones isolated in Italy]. AB - In this paper are reported the results of a comparative study of 4 "NAG" vibrio strains isolated in Italy and the vibrio biotype "E1 Tor" responsible of the 1973 outbreak. The "NAG" vibrios were practically identical with the "E1 Tor" vibrio in biochemical properties, polypeptide composition, enteritogenic activity in rabbit ileal loops and showed various antigenic similarities in gel precipitation and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The possible pathogenic role of the "NAG" vibrios is briefly discussed. PMID- 1231658 TI - Antigenic variation in syringe passaged populations of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei. 1. Rationalization of the experimental approach. PMID- 1231659 TI - Antigenic variation in syringe passaged populations of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei. II. Comparative studies on two antigenic-type collections. PMID- 1231660 TI - Effect of irradiation (gamma-rays) on oocysts of Eimeria tenella. PMID- 1231661 TI - Studies on the anaemia in experimental African trypanosomiasis. 1. A preliminary communication on the mechanism of the anaemia. PMID- 1231662 TI - [Tumoral calcinosis, a hereditary disease of variable incidence]. PMID- 1231663 TI - Urocanic acid and severity of marasmic kwashiorkor. PMID- 1231664 TI - The pentastomida parasitic in man. PMID- 1231665 TI - Genetic and clinical forms of the sickle-cell syndromes in Zairians. PMID- 1231666 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of typhoid fever in the Cap Bon region (Tunisia)]. PMID- 1231667 TI - Observations on Schistosoma mattheei Veglia and Le Roux, 1929 infections in man in Zambia. PMID- 1231668 TI - [Anal pruritus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231669 TI - [Anal pruritus and infectious dermoepidermitis. A bacteriological and mycological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231671 TI - [Allergic dermatitis of anal border (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231670 TI - [Anal and perianal mycoses. Anal fungal flora in infant and adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231672 TI - [Anal pruritus and psychism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231673 TI - [The role of allergic factors in chronic anal pruritus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231674 TI - [An unusual etiology of rectal stenosis: carcinoma of the prostate report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1231675 TI - [Neonatal hypotonias with congenital disproportion of various types of muscular fiber, especially type I fibers. Demonstration of the familial character of this new entity]. AB - Two sisters presenting with benign congenital hypotonia are reported. In both cases the muscle biopsies demonstrated the same pathological pattern, consisting in an abnormal size disproportion between the two main cytoenzymological types of muscle fibers. Their father, exhibiting a slight and diffuse muscle weakness, showed a closely related histological aspect. These three cases bring the first evidence of a familial transmission of this new entity. Its relationship with the other types of "congenital myopathies" is discussed. PMID- 1231676 TI - [Hydranencephaly. Major cerebral lesions with normal neonatal neurologic behavior]. AB - Case report of an 8 days old girl who had a discrete increase in head circumference associated with moderate EEG abnormalities. Familial and obstetrical histories were negative. Skull transillumination, contrast ventriculography and carotid arteriography led to the diagnosis of hydranencephaly. The cerebral lobes whose blood supply is dependent from the internal carotids were missing and were replaced by cavities. The normal neonatal neurological behaviour which did not change till death at 3 months, is a stiking phenomenon. PMID- 1231677 TI - [Plasma estorgens and testosterone in the normal young girl before and during puberty]. AB - Base levels of estrone (E1), estradiol-17-beta (E2) and testosterone (T) were measured by radio-immunoassay. Results were classified according to the stages of puberty (Tanner scale) in 89 normal girls ranging from 1 to 22 years of age. Fourty-three pathological cases were studied. In 22 cases of ovarian agenesis E2 and T were most often low. In 7 cases of isolated breast prococity, 4 cases of isolated pilous precocity, one case of isolated genital hemorrhage and 5 cases of hypopituitarism, E1, E2 and T levels were similar to those of impuberal girls. Levels of oestrogens were increased in 4 cases of true precocious puberty. PMID- 1231678 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of thyroxine in dried blood taken on blotting paper. Application ot neonaltal detection of hypothyroidism]. AB - A blotting paper technique may be used for mass screening of neonates for hypothyroidism. The discovery of hypothyroidism in a newborn who did not have any of the classical clinical or radiological features of the condition, is reported in support of the value of the proposed method. PMID- 1231679 TI - Galvanic skin response: some methodological considerations on measurement, habituation, and classical conditioning. PMID- 1231680 TI - [Presentation and discussion of possible artefacts in social-psychological experiments]. PMID- 1231681 TI - [Significance of the self-image and of the perceived parental image for the problem of delinquency]. PMID- 1231682 TI - [Affective evaluation of meaningful acoustic stimulation in the waking state and its effect on sleep behavior. Stage I: Affective evaluation of acoustical terms in the waking state]. PMID- 1231683 TI - [Dissonance reduction after actual and anticipated behavior at variance with attitude]. PMID- 1231684 TI - [Factorial descripiton of intelligence and rigidity]. PMID- 1231686 TI - [Effect of the experimental situation on imitation experiments]. PMID- 1231685 TI - [Loss of reinforcement and depressive reaction. Proposed model of learning theory]. PMID- 1231687 TI - [Comparative therapy experiment on the theory and effectiveness of the treatment of stuttering on operant bases]. PMID- 1231689 TI - Experience with the Contraves Low shear 100 viscometer. PMID- 1231688 TI - [Effect of films with aggressive contents on the aggressive behavior of non frustrated viewers]. PMID- 1231690 TI - Rheological basis of the hyperviscosity syndrome of plasma cell dyscrasias: a review. PMID- 1231692 TI - Viscometric response of dense red cell suspensions to pressure gradient change. An anomaly in cancer. PMID- 1231691 TI - Rheological properties of maternal and neonatal blood. PMID- 1231694 TI - Measurement of single erythrocyte deformability. PMID- 1231693 TI - Rheological claudication. PMID- 1231695 TI - Effect of rigid spherocytes on regional hepatic and splenic blood flow in rabbits. PMID- 1231696 TI - Improved deformability of crenated red cells in hyperosmolar human blood by adenosine. AB - Under hyperosmolar conditions the flow properties of fresh human blood and erythrocytes are markedly impaired. This can be demonstrated in-vitro using a standardized microrheological 8 mum-filter system.-After the addition of small doses of adenosine to human hyperosmolar blood and subsequent incubation, the impaired flow properties of the red cells could be significantly improved. The flow of erythrocytes through the 8 mum capillaries within a given time was increased as compared to the control (blanks). From these results we must assume that the increased ATP-level in the erythrocytes reduces the hyperosmolar alteration of the red cell membrane after the adenosine incubation. These results show, that the flow properties of fresh human red cells can be improved biochemically. PMID- 1231697 TI - Effect of low molecular dextran on the microrheological properties of erythrocytes. AB - The beneficial effect of low molecular dextran (Rheomacrodex) on the impaired micro-circulation was said to be the consequence of a decrease in the viscosity of blood due to hemodilution. In the present paper we report about the role of low molecular dextran on the flow properties of erythrocytes in-vitro. Blood samples of healthy volunteers were introduced in a standardized 8 mum-filter system and the flow rate through these filters was measured. Additional rheological measurements were performed simultaneously. In other blood samples different parts of the plasma were replaced by a iso-osmolar, iso-oncotic and iso viscous Rheomacrodex solution. It was clear visible that the number of erythrocytes flowing through the 8 mum-filter within a given time had markedly increased when low molecular weight dextran was present in the suspension medium. Even when the equal parts of the natural plasma was replaced by undiluted 10% Rheomacrodex solution the filtration of erythrocytes had significantly increased, inspite of the higher viscosity of the whole blood compared to the blanks.- We are certain that this new microcirculatory effect is the consequence of an increased deformability of the red cells. The theoretical and clinical significance of these results have been discussed. PMID- 1231698 TI - Effect of anti-adhesive drugs on red cell sickling in vitro. PMID- 1231699 TI - Transcapillary exchange of fluid and solutes in skeletal muscle of the dog. PMID- 1231700 TI - Coronary vascular reserve. PMID- 1231701 TI - Nutritional flow in the collateralized heart. PMID- 1231702 TI - Autoregulatory mechanisms controlling the supply of oxygen to microareas of brain tissue. PMID- 1231703 TI - Predicting oxygen supply to brain tissue using a pseudo dynamic model simulation technique. PMID- 1231704 TI - Autoregulatory escape from vasodilator influence in the cerebral microcirculation. PMID- 1231705 TI - Microcirculation of the cat stomach. PMID- 1231706 TI - Vascular architecture in different skeletal muscles in the cat. PMID- 1231707 TI - Microvascular flow pattern in the tenuissimus muscle. PMID- 1231708 TI - Continuous capillary red cell velocity measurements in the tenuissimus muscle under changing local oxygen tensions. PMID- 1231709 TI - Influence of anesthesic agents on small vessel response to norepinephrine. PMID- 1231711 TI - Non-homogeneous flow response to sympathetic stimulation in microvessels of cat omentum. PMID- 1231710 TI - Microvascular response to hypoxia, hyperoxia, hypercarbia and localized acidosis. PMID- 1231712 TI - Disturbance of euproteinemia hinders circulation from liver sinusoid to liver cell, leading to atherosclerosis. PMID- 1231713 TI - Relation between systemic blood pressure and mesenteric microvascular changes following catecholamine administration. PMID- 1231714 TI - Changes in blood flow and capillary exchange surface during vasodilation and/or microembolization in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1231715 TI - Instability of the postcapillary blood flow. PMID- 1231717 TI - Effect of blood flow velocity on microvascular haemostatic plug formation in the rabbit mesentery. PMID- 1231716 TI - Lung capillaries permeability to small molecules. PMID- 1231718 TI - Facilitated transport of oxygen in blood in terms of the Adair mechanism and the effect of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate. PMID- 1231719 TI - Mechanisms of glucocorticoid protection in circulatory shock. PMID- 1231720 TI - Experimental fat embolism: an electron microscopical study. PMID- 1231721 TI - Blood and lymph microcirculation after burns. PMID- 1231722 TI - Disturbance of the contractility of the precapillary resistance vessels as an additional cause of oedema in trauma. PMID- 1231723 TI - Microvascular response to chronic inflammation in gingiva. PMID- 1231724 TI - Electron microscopical study of the hemorrhage induced by the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis. PMID- 1231725 TI - Cinematographic analysis of the hemorrhage induced by the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis. PMID- 1231726 TI - Effect of tri- and tetra-O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside on red blood cell aggregation of human blood. PMID- 1231728 TI - Permeability of an isolated rete mirabile as determined during steady-state counter-current perfusions. PMID- 1231727 TI - Fluorescein leakage studies following retinal microembolization. PMID- 1231729 TI - Clinical fluorescein angiography in functional studies of cutaneous surface vessels. Macro- and micro-techniques. PMID- 1231730 TI - Exploration of the terminal vascular bed in the thrombous angioitis obliterant through biopsy of digital pulp, rheography or fluoresceinretinography. PMID- 1231731 TI - Caliber changes in the cutaneous microvessels as related to changes in basal metabolism in diabetics. PMID- 1231732 TI - Senile involution of the conjunctival and hypothalamic small blood vessels. PMID- 1231734 TI - A multi-purpose, intensified micrographic system for study of the living microcirculation. PMID- 1231733 TI - Fine structure of the human retinal capillaries. PMID- 1231735 TI - Myocardial capillary permeability: hydrophilic solutes penetrate 100 A intercellular clefts. PMID- 1231736 TI - Compensation for lateral image motion in vital micrography. PMID- 1231737 TI - Video tape demonstration of blood flow in human nailfold capillaries of normal subjects and patients with vascular diseases. PMID- 1231738 TI - Capillary red blood cell velocity measurements in human nailfold by videodensitometric method. PMID- 1231739 TI - Relationship between nailfold capillary patterns and finger blood flow in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1231740 TI - Abnormal capillary patterns and systemic disease in scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis). PMID- 1231741 TI - Pathomorphology of the capillaries under the optical microscope. Using the Vonwiller Opaque Illuminator. PMID- 1231742 TI - Television microscopy studies of pial vessels in the rabbit. PMID- 1231743 TI - Observations on the marginal disposition of erythrocytes and leukocytes in terminal blood vessel. PMID- 1231744 TI - Aspects of normal and atherosclerotic human arterial endothelium with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMID- 1231745 TI - Effects of some semisynthetic rutoside derivatives on human platelets. PMID- 1231746 TI - Platelet aggregates from ruptured red blood cells. PMID- 1231747 TI - Investigations into platelet aggregation induced by DAS and anaphylatoxin (a cleavage product of the fifth component of complement). PMID- 1231748 TI - Effect of dextran on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 1231749 TI - Absence of major morphological and functional lung changes during experimental hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 1231750 TI - Pulmonary microembolism during total hip replacement surgery. PMID- 1231751 TI - Changes in the hydraulic conductivity of pulmonary capillaries after induced intravascular aggregation of blood platelets. PMID- 1231752 TI - Localization of plasminogen activator in the human lung. PMID- 1231753 TI - Sympathetic control of transcapillary transport in canine adipose tissue. PMID- 1231754 TI - Significance of the compensatory-adaptational mechanisms of the vascular system in the microcirculation of the lung. PMID- 1231755 TI - Blocking the immediate pulmonary response to shock by induced thrombocytopenia. PMID- 1231756 TI - Early fate of pulmonary emboli: a study in 508 randomized autopsies. PMID- 1231757 TI - Abnormal fibrin formation in pregnancy suggesting DIC. PMID- 1231758 TI - Preliminary observations on some relationship between regional fibrinolytic activation and post-ischaemic hyperaemia. PMID- 1231759 TI - Development of DIC after open heart surgery associated with heparin neutralization. PMID- 1231760 TI - Tissue fibrinolytic activity in skin following ischaemia. PMID- 1231761 TI - Fibrinolysis and kinin system activity of venous and arterial blood in patients suffering from arteriosclerosis obliterans. PMID- 1231762 TI - Three cornerstones in capillary physiology. PMID- 1231763 TI - Ultrastructural effects of prostaglandins on venules. PMID- 1231764 TI - Effect of inhibition of PGE2-activity on FITC-dextran permeability in the hamster microvasculature. PMID- 1231766 TI - Development of distrophic processes in connection with the peculiarities of microcirculation in malignant tumors. PMID- 1231765 TI - Vascular effect of prostaglandin (PGE1) infused into the femoral artery in normals and patients with occlusive arterial disease. PMID- 1231767 TI - Observations of the microcirculation in spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H mice. PMID- 1231768 TI - Critical diffusion ranges for oxygen and glucose in tumor tissue considering Michaelis-Menten kinetics. AB - The supply conditions for O2 and glucose in tumor tissue distinctly deteriorate with increasing tumor mass. As a result retardation in growth, lysis and necrosis take place because critical diffusion ranges are partially surpassed in heavier tumors. Applying in vivo-data to a special analogue computer it is possible to investigate the supply conditions including the range of very low O2 tensions and glucose concentrations. Using a definite arrangement of blood vessels it can be shown that the supply conditions only for one of the limiting substrates, i.e. for O2, are better than assumed hitherto. However, even the more realistic model reveals that regional failure in glucose and O2 obligatorily occurs during tumor cell proliferation. PMID- 1231769 TI - Vascularization of the kidney after autovenoplasty of the renal artery. PMID- 1231770 TI - Determinants of fluid and solute transport across capillary walls of the renal glomerulus. PMID- 1231771 TI - Contribution of increased vascular smooth muscle contraction to the maintenance of one-kidney and two-kidney renovascular hypertension in the rat. PMID- 1231772 TI - Tantalum angiography--a new radiographic technique for the study of the microcirculation. PMID- 1231773 TI - Lymphokine 'skin reactive factor' (SRF) and the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Lymphocytes from N.S. patients, in culture and stimulated by PHA or Con A, release a lymphokine which increases vascular permeability; this factor is not present in normal subject and in control supernatants. Pharmacological and biological properties of this factor are similar to the guinea pig S.R.F. (PICK, TURK, MAILLARD). Modifications observed with meclofenamate, DTTC and addition of N.H.S. suggest that it could be an activator of the kinin system. Physicochemical studies show that it is a protein migrating as albumin. We have also recently demonstrated (unpublished data) the relationship of this factor with proteinuria: injections of active supernatants in rats renal artery is immediately followed by increase in proteinuria from 0,8 mg/h to 3,5 mg/h. Up to date, lymphokines have been studied in animals but seldom in human. Our results show that in human, variations in lymphokine production may be present. Pathogenic implications are now under study. PMID- 1231774 TI - Microvascular permeability of albumin in untreated and treated essential hypertension, and during acute induced hypertension. PMID- 1231775 TI - Changes of capillary permeability during surgical stresses and more especially in burns. PMID- 1231776 TI - Cyclical shock with hyperglobulinemia. AB - Two personal cases are compared with CLARKSON's case, enabling one to describe a syndrome arising in adults without a family history, and characterised by episodes of repeated shock (cyclical shock) with hemoconcentration and hypoproteinemia. The physiopathological mechanism is an acute hyperpermeability. Two cases out of three took a fatal course, with a negative autopsy. In the three cases, the presence of light kappa chain IgG type monoclonal dysglobulinemia was proven. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma can be excluded. Comparison of this syndrome with periodic disease and primary amyloidosis can be envisaged. PMID- 1231777 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure in the field of obstetrics. PMID- 1231778 TI - Microcirculation disorders in systemic connective tissue diseases. PMID- 1231779 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives on the peripheral vasculature of women. PMID- 1231780 TI - Effect of pyridinolcarbamate (PDC) on surface microvessels in man: preliminary findings. PMID- 1231781 TI - Transcapillary fluid flow in the peritubular microvasculature of the kidney. PMID- 1231782 TI - Ischemic skin ulcers and gangrene--mainly a microcirculatory problem? PMID- 1231783 TI - Evaluation of the use of microcirculatory findings in the analysis of clinical disease. PMID- 1231784 TI - Postischemie reactive hyperemia in the occlusive arterial diseases. PMID- 1231785 TI - Plethysmography as a diagnostic technique in venous disorders. PMID- 1231786 TI - Assessment of sympathectomy in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1231787 TI - Pharmacological aspects of microvascular permeability. PMID- 1231788 TI - Protein concentration and oncotic pressure of interstitial fluid collected by wick technique. PMID- 1231789 TI - Hemothermodynamic description of osmotic transcapillary exchange. PMID- 1231790 TI - Micromethods for monitoring local tissue oxygen supply and microcirculation. PMID- 1231791 TI - Measurement of hydrodynamic conductivity of the microvascular wall in single capillaries and its relationship to filtration coefficients determined in whole organs. PMID- 1231792 TI - Permeability and selectivity of capillaries in the mesentery of the frog. PMID- 1231794 TI - A servo-controlled system for intravital microscopy. PMID- 1231793 TI - Quantitative fluorescent tracer studies in vivo. PMID- 1231795 TI - A new concept of capillary patency based on viscous resistance studies of surface layers of fibrinogen systems exposed to high shear. PMID- 1231796 TI - Interstitial fluid and lymph protein concentration in the subcutaneous tissue. PMID- 1231797 TI - Measurement of plasma protein in the perivascular tissue. PMID- 1231798 TI - Subcutaneous interstitial fluid concentrations of albumin and immunoglobulin G in relation to the serum values in normal, hypertensive and diabetic men. PMID- 1231799 TI - Computer analysis of ion permeability across amphibian skin. PMID- 1231800 TI - Capillary filtration coefficient in short and long-term diabetes. PMID- 1231801 TI - Filtration permeability in the human forearm measured by an osmotic transient technique. PMID- 1231802 TI - Direct and indirect action mechanism of the C2 factor on the blood capillaries. PMID- 1231803 TI - Capillary fluid transfer in the cat hind limb muscles during cardiovascular reflexes. PMID- 1231804 TI - Pulsatile blood flow in small tubes. PMID- 1231805 TI - Permeability of the mesenteric microvasculature. Tissue specificity and importance for basic research. PMID- 1231806 TI - Velocity of red cell aggregation (RCA): photometric determination of the half time and aggregation constant. PMID- 1231807 TI - Roles of electrostatic repulsion and mechanical shearing in red cell aggregation. PMID- 1231808 TI - Axial migration of RBC and the influence of cell flexibility and aggregation. PMID- 1231809 TI - Microrheological changes of blood in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1231810 TI - Influence of surface-active substances on the flow properties of hyperosmolar blood. AB - Hypertoneous (hyperosmolar) conditions of human blood are known to increase the viscosity of blood and to decrease the deformability of red blood cells. Due to the dehydration of the erythrocytes, their shape is crenated and their passage through smallest capillaries is impaired. The data presented here shows that the addition of small concentration of surface active drugs to hyperosmolar blood samples is able to reduce both, blood viscosity and the rigidity of red cells. Measurements have been performed by several rheological and by a microrheological 8 mum-filter system. This new phenomen seems to be of theoretical and clinical interest. PMID- 1231811 TI - [Cardiac arrest in 2 cardiac intensive therapy unit]. PMID- 1231812 TI - [Myocaridal infarct complicated by intraventricular conduction disorders: immediate and 1-year prognosis]. PMID- 1231813 TI - [Immediate and 1-year prognosis of myocardial infarct complicated by atrioventricular block]. PMID- 1231814 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of phentolamine]. PMID- 1231815 TI - [Strain-gauge plethysmography in evaluation of the arterial circulation of the limbs. Note I. Study of blood flow at rest in normal and arteriopathic subjects]. PMID- 1231816 TI - [Strain-guage plethysmography in evaluation of the arterial circulation of of the limbs. Note II. Study of post-ischemic reactive hyperemia in normal and arteriopathic subjects]. PMID- 1231817 TI - [Vectorcardiographic classification of left anterior hemiblocks]. PMID- 1231818 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the velocity of postnatal growth of ear ossicles in the dog]. PMID- 1231819 TI - [Early evidence of tumor cell distribution in various organs in mice grafted with Ehrlich carcinoma tumor]. PMID- 1231820 TI - [Use of fluorochromization with ethidium bromide]. PMID- 1231821 TI - [Evaluation of the accuracy of 59 Fe measurements in ferrokinetic studies using solid and liquid scintillation counting]. PMID- 1231822 TI - [Fluorimetric determination of urinary dopamine]. PMID- 1231823 TI - [Diurnal variations in the urinary excretion of dopamine]. PMID- 1231824 TI - [Fffects of phlebostasis artificially induced on serum histamine]. PMID- 1231825 TI - [Insulin binding capacity in the serum of patients with essential obesity]. PMID- 1231826 TI - [Simple reaction times and nonstructuralized lateralized visual stimuli, in subjects responding to crossed and uncrossed hands]. PMID- 1231827 TI - [Various action times during the presentation of physiognomic material in normal male and female subjects]. PMID- 1231828 TI - [Correlation of deep neuron activity of the superior colliculus and slow eye movements]. PMID- 1231829 TI - [Canges in nucleoprotein metabolism in the rat brain. III. Effect of a single concentration or of a mixture of oxalacetic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate and pyridoxal-5-phosphate in animals subjected to muscular exercise]. PMID- 1231830 TI - [Lactate synthesis in the brain of the chicken embryo during development (preliminary note)]. PMID- 1231831 TI - [Proposal for the creation of normal standards with reference to the graduated standardized c.e.e. test]. PMID- 1231832 TI - [Considerations on the physiological interpretation of the exercise test with increasing load]. PMID- 1231833 TI - [Behavior of patients with pulmonary silicosis during the exercise test with increasing load]. PMID- 1231834 TI - [In-vitro stimulation of mitochondrial RNA synthesis in the performance of thyroid hormones]. PMID- 1231835 TI - Regulation by thymus extracts of RNA synthesis in spleen cells "in vitro". PMID- 1231836 TI - [Studies on the effect of uridine and of the uridine-cytidine mixture on the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system]. PMID- 1231837 TI - [Biorhythm of plasma cortisol in obesity]. PMID- 1231838 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic significance of the proof of hepatitis B surface antigen]. PMID- 1231839 TI - [Epidemiological study on carriers of hepatitis-B surface anti-antigens antibodies]. PMID- 1231840 TI - [Study on the hepatitis-B virus surface anti-antigen antibody using a radioimmunologic method in solid phase and using passive hemagglutination]. PMID- 1231841 TI - [Influence of various phospholipid fractions on the absorption transport and distribution of corticosterone H 3 in ethanol]. PMID- 1231842 TI - [Regulation of threonine deaminase activity in the rat liver, i. Inhibition due to cysteine]. PMID- 1231843 TI - [Regulation of threonine deaminase activity in the rat liver. II. Inhibition due to cysteamine]. PMID- 1231844 TI - [The influence of diet on treonine deaminase of the rat liver]. PMID- 1231845 TI - [Studies of the lymphatic vessels of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1231846 TI - [Abnormal formation of rosette (E and EAC) in primary carcinoma of the lung]. PMID- 1231847 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test, effect of the serum of patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1231848 TI - [Decrease of osmolar resistance in LS fibroblasts cultivated in the presence of saccharose]. PMID- 1231849 TI - [Anti-erythorcyte membrane antibodies in rats treated intraperitoneal by with homologous and ajuvant erythrocyte membranes]. PMID- 1231850 TI - [Antigenic materials obtained from LS fibroblasts, during lavage and incubation in saline solution]. PMID- 1231851 TI - [Renal clearance of lysozyme in various kidney diseases]. PMID- 1231852 TI - [Renal clearance of malate dehydrogenase in various kidney diseases]. PMID- 1231853 TI - [Urinary excretion of alpha-glucosidase in various kidney diseases]. PMID- 1231855 TI - [Analysis of nonhistone chromosomal proteins during ontogenesis. II. NHCP of the neck muscle in Gallus gallus]. PMID- 1231854 TI - [Analysis of the nonhistone chromosomal proteins during ontogenesis. I. NHCP of the leg muscle in Gallus gallus]. PMID- 1231856 TI - [Eye movements in darkness and diffuse light in the cat mediopontine pretrigeminal and isolated brain]. PMID- 1231857 TI - [Positioning reflex and eye movements induced by diffuse illumination]. PMID- 1231858 TI - [Use of the principle of aspecificity in depressants of the central nervous system]. PMID- 1231859 TI - [Depression of muscle contraction: molecular weight of drugs and temperature]. PMID- 1231860 TI - [Principle of aspecificity and thermodynamic models of the interaction: drug - receptor]. PMID- 1231861 TI - [Comparison of the straight correlation effect/molecular weight obtained with various biological substrates]. PMID- 1231862 TI - [Behavior of the diencephalo-pituitary-adrenal gland system in hypertonic essential obesity with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1231863 TI - [Study using propranolol, of the central adrenergic regulation of the diencephalo pituitary-adrenal gland system in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1231864 TI - [Influence of propranolol on the response of blood cortisol to lysine-vasopressin and on the daily changes of blood cortisol in the diencephalo-hypophyscal Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 1231865 TI - [Influence of propranolol on the response of blood cortisol to lysin vasopressin and on the daily variations of blood cortisol in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. PMID- 1231866 TI - [A new method for the study of Eustachian tube function]. PMID- 1231867 TI - [Audiometry with escape reaction in the guinea pig]. PMID- 1231868 TI - [Clinical rhino-rheo-manometry. II.: Recent studies in volunteers]. PMID- 1231869 TI - [Modifications of the Ca and Mg contents in the various organs of the rat following partial hepatectomy]. PMID- 1231870 TI - [Daily variations of RNA polymerase B in the liver of rats maintained in controlled environmental conditions: quantitative determination of the molecules of the enzymes]. PMID- 1231871 TI - [Some histopathological aspects of the lung in primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1231872 TI - Flow regulating structures in vessels of the human conjunctiva and eyelid. PMID- 1231873 TI - [Coenzyme A and dyslipidemia. Note I. Rapid changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels induced with coenzyme A in humans]. PMID- 1231874 TI - [Coenzyme A and dyslipidemia. Note II. Rapid effects of CoA on primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemias]. PMID- 1231875 TI - [Coenzyme A and dyslipidemia. Note III. Action of coenzyme A on changes in the blood lipid pattern after administration of dietary lipids]. PMID- 1231876 TI - [The autonomic nervous system and gastrin incretion: effects of the administration of noradrenaline in humans]. PMID- 1231877 TI - [Interference of canrenoate potassium with plasma renin activity. Note I. Effects of canrenoate potassiumon plasma renin activity in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 1231878 TI - [Behavior of HGH in diabetic and arteriosclerotic arteriopathies in response to physical exercise]. PMID- 1231879 TI - [Behavior of serum immunoglobulins in the course of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1231880 TI - [Significance of the variations in serum immunoglobulins in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 1231881 TI - [Effects of adrenergic blocking agents on HGH secretion after administration of L Dopa]. PMID- 1231882 TI - [Effects of heparin on HGH secretion after intravenous administration of tolbutamide in normal subjects]. PMID- 1231883 TI - [Effects of phototherapy. I. On erythrocytic osmotic resistance in hyperbilirubinemic newborn infants]. PMID- 1231884 TI - [Effects of phototherapy. II. On erythrocyte fatty acids in hyperbilirubinemic newborn infants]. PMID- 1231885 TI - [Effects of hyperbilirubinemia on erythrocyte globular resistance in icteric newborn infants]. PMID- 1231886 TI - [Changes in hemorrheology in the pathogenesis of sudden hypacusia]. PMID- 1231887 TI - [Behavior of complement during the neonatal period. I. In full-term newborn infants]. PMID- 1231888 TI - [Behavior of complement during the neonatal period. II. In pre-term newborn infants]. PMID- 1231889 TI - [Electrophysiological observations on the behavior of monosynaptic reflexes in tonic and phasic muscles of the rabbit]. PMID- 1231890 TI - [A case of coronary arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 1231891 TI - [Clinical and electrophysiological significance of the different electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic aspects of right branch block in interatrial septal defects]. PMID- 1231892 TI - [Prognosis of multi-valve replacement as compared with single valve replacement]. PMID- 1231893 TI - [A case of so-called cholesterol pericarditis]. PMID- 1231895 TI - [Influence of respiration on the transmural pressure of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 1231894 TI - [Plasma renin activity after the cold pressor test in arterial hypertensive syndromes]. PMID- 1231896 TI - [Influence of CO on transfer of O2 to the tissues]. PMID- 1231897 TI - [Incidence of coronary cardiopathy in 416 diabetic patients treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents]. PMID- 1231898 TI - [Distribution of cardiac potentials on the surface of the trunk during ventricular repolarization in a group of patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 1231899 TI - [Echographic evaluation of systolic dilatability of the aorta]. PMID- 1231900 TI - [Low-frequency heterotopic atrial rhythm simulating sinus rhythm]. PMID- 1231901 TI - [Phonocardiographic study of postural and pharmacodynamic modifications of meso telesystolic murmurs]. PMID- 1231902 TI - [A case of primary echinococcal cyst of the heart]. PMID- 1231903 TI - [A case of partial defect of left intraventricular conduction with alternation of fascicular block]. PMID- 1231904 TI - [39 cases of gonadal dysgenesis without clinical signs of aortic coarctation]. PMID- 1231905 TI - [Pulmonary thromboembolism: reference to 3 cases successfully operated on with excorporeal circulation and anatomoclinical findings in 40 cases with spontaneous course]. PMID- 1231906 TI - [Emergency renal thromboembolectomy in mitral valvulopathy with eventual correction of the valvular defect. Experience in 4 successfully operated cases]. PMID- 1231907 TI - [Cardiac valve substitution, using the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Personal experience in 1973]. PMID- 1231908 TI - [Vectorcardiographic findings in patients with scoliosis of surgical importance]. PMID- 1231909 TI - [Periodic checking of the artificial pacemaker by means of electronic analysis]. PMID- 1231910 TI - [The use of beta-blocking agents in acute cardiac infarct]. PMID- 1231911 TI - [Pulmonary circulation: mitral disease in the premenstrual period]. PMID- 1231912 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia action of a new semi-synthetic derivative of ajmaline: N-propyl ajmaline bitartrate]. PMID- 1231913 TI - [Polygraphic study of the effects on myocardial contractility of a new anti arrhythmic drug: N-propyl-ajmaline bitartrate]. PMID- 1231914 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of the use of verapamil in stenocardia]. PMID- 1231915 TI - [Analysis of the hydrodynamic components of a circuit for extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1231916 TI - [Analysis of perfusion curves for clinical use]. PMID- 1231917 TI - [A possible new clinical index of perfusion in extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1231918 TI - [Some side-effects of bunaftine in direct venous administration]. PMID- 1231919 TI - [Arterial regulation in labile hypertension: the behavior of some humoral indices during orthostatism]. PMID- 1231920 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the QRS loop in right intraventricular conduction disorders in children]. PMID- 1231921 TI - Distribution of 67Ga in organs of mice with lymphoid leukaemia. AB - Distribution of 67Ga in different organs of A/H mice bearing a lymphatic leukaemia was examined. Mice received 10(6) leukaemia cells intravenously and groups of 6 mice were sacrificed every other day. Twenty-four hours before sacrifice, the mice received intraperitoneal injection of 67Ga. Spleen, lymph nodes, liver, left kidney, lung, left femur, and a sample of blood were taken, to determine their radioactivity. The maximum of 67Ga uptake was on the 7th day after transplantation of the leukaemia, whereas before death it declined to the values observed in control mice without leukaemia. The changes are interpreted in terms of the ability of leukaemia cells and of macrophages to bind 67Ga. PMID- 1231922 TI - Effect of uninephrectomy on tissue kallicrein concentration of the remaining kidney. AB - Compensatory renal hypertrophy has been induced in rats by uninephrectomy. Tissue kallicrein concentration of the remaining kidney was evaluated 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after operation. The previously removed kidneys were used as controls. In the hypertrophic kidney the kallicrein increases progressively up to 20 days after uninephrectomy. Since kallicrein generates kinins, potent vasodilators, it is suggested that the increase in renal blood flow observed after uninephrectomy might be promoted by an overproduction of kinins. PMID- 1231923 TI - Arginase activity of human erythrocyte ghosts in uremia. AB - Arginase activity of erythrocyte membrane fragments has been determined in normal subjects and in two groups of uremic patients: 1) those having a blood urea concentration of 100 mgm/100 ml or higher and with an elevated erythrocyte sodium concentration and 2) patients with a blood urea concentration of 100 mgm/100 ml and higher and a normal erythrocyte sodium concentration. No statistically significant difference was detected between the normal subjects and the uremic patients. It is concluded, therefore, that the effect of uremia on the magnesium dependant, Na and K activated adenosine triphosphatase of erythrocyte membranes is not applicable to all enzymes of the erythrocyte. PMID- 1231924 TI - [Repeated extracorporeal irradiation of rabbit blood (RECIB). Effect on lymphocytes]. AB - Haemotological data are described after repetitive extracorporeal irradiation of blood (RECIB) is rabbits for two hours a day, five days a week. Cesium 137 can deliver 125000 rads/hour, i.e. a cummulative dose equivallent to 1.25 X 10(6) rads/week. The blood lymphocytes were investigated in detail, lymphopenia was obtained after 15 days and remain stable after the third week. PMID- 1231925 TI - Improved serum lipoprotein electrophoresis procedure in polyacrylamide gradient gel. AB - A method based based upon polyacrylamide gradient gel for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins prestained with the diformazan of nitroblue tetrazolium is described and evaluated. It gives accurate characterization of the different lipoproteins, good separation between chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins and can be also applied to the diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia without need for ultracentrifugation. PMID- 1231927 TI - Distinction between hereditary and acquired angioneurotic oedema according to the complement system. AB - It is often impossible to make a clinical distinction between acquired and hereditary acute angioneurotic oedema. Investigation of the complement system is indispensable for this diagnosis to be established. The value of total complement and C4 and C2 are lowered in the sera in the hereditary form (44 cases) and normal in the acquired type (68 cases). The use of tests for the activation of C1 esterase "in vitro" is useful to distinguish these two types of oedema as has been demonstrated by the formal measurement of C1 esterase inhibitor. PMID- 1231926 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to mono-azobenzene-arsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine. I. Induction of cellular sensitivity in the rat. AB - In the guinea pig, mono-ABA-Tyrosone (ABA-Tyr) has been extensively studied as a hapten capable of inducing delayed type hypersensitivity in the absence of circulating antibodies. This model has been extented to the rat, and cellular sensitivity has been assessed both "in vivo" (skin reaction) and "in vitro" (cellular proliferation and lymphocyte migration inhibition). All the reactions studied follow a reproducible pattern with maximal positivity between 4 and 13 days, and negative responses after 20 days. Circulating antibodies were not detectable at any period after immunization. In view of the original properties of ABA-Tyr, and of the advantage of the rat as an experimental animal, the proposed model can be expected to facilitate further studies on the cellular mechanisms of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 1231928 TI - Letter: BCG immunotherapy of Lewis tumor residual disease left after local radiotherapy. PMID- 1231930 TI - A new beta-chain variant in human milk. AB - Investigation on the genetic polymorphism of human casein at the population level resulted in the identification of a new variant within the beta-casein system. This discovery throws new light on the type of genetic control applicable to beta casein. PMID- 1231929 TI - Letter: Routes other than I.V. injection to mice for BCG administration in active immunotherapy of L1210 leukemia. PMID- 1231931 TI - Fluctuation of 5-hydroxy-indole compounds in the urine of migrainous patients. AB - In 14 migrainous patients during different clinical phases the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) and its main metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were followed. In the course of headache attack a significant increase in 5-HIAA excretion rate was found; at the same time the excretion of 5 HT was not significantly changed. After migraine attack a very pronounced lowering in excretion rate of both 5-hydroxy-indoles occured. The reserpine provocation test was followed by an intensive enhancement of urinary 5 hydroxyindole excretion, but the decrease thereafter was less expressed than after spontaneous attack. These findings lend support to the theory of an abrupt fall in total plasma 5-HT as a trigger mechanism for the painful phase of migraine. PMID- 1231932 TI - Putrescine shortens the S-period in human fibroblasts. AB - Previous results have indicated that addition of putrescine to cultures of human fibroblasts stimulates cell proliferation. It is shown in the present paper that this is mainly due to a shorteining of the cell cycle. In the presence of added putrescine the cell cycle was 4 hours shorter than in the control. This result was obtained both from analyzing the fraction of labeled mitoses (FLM) curves and from counting the mitoses in synchronous cultures. The FLM curves further revealed that the shortening of the cell cycle was caused mainly by reduction in the length of the time required for DNA synthesis. It was about 30% shorter in the presence of added putrescine than in the control. The fact that addition of putrescine results in shortening of the S-period, and that this is to a great extent responsible for the increased rate of cell proliferation, distinguishes putrescine from other known growth factors. PMID- 1231933 TI - Measurement of hepatic blood flow in the unanesthetized rabbit using 198Au and 125I Rose Bengal clearance technique. AB - Hepatic blood flow was measured in the unanesthetized rabbit using the clearance technique of 198Au and 125I RB. The values are: 71.82 +/- 16.24 ml-min-1-kg-1 for 198Au, and 60.21+/-9.94 ml-min-1-kg-1 for 125I RB (P less than 0.01). The overestimation of HBF with colloidal gold is probably due to extra splanchnic sequestration which has been estimated to be 15+/-3%. The week extraction of RB limits the use of this dye for measurements of HBF. HBF is easier to measure with 198 Au. PMID- 1231934 TI - Platinum electrode potentials and blood redox balance in the kidney during renal ischemia. AB - Potentials recorded with a platinum electrode inserted in the cortex and in the medulla of the right kidney "in situ" were compared with the log (Pyruvate)/(Lactate) in the arterial blood and in the blood of the right renal vein, during clamping of the entire pedicle or the renal vein alone. There is no correlation between potentials and log (P)/(L) when the renal blood flow is unimpeded. The medullary potentials correlate with the log (P)/(L) in the renal vein at the time of the removal of the clamp after clamping of the renal vein alone. There is a close correlation between the changes of tissue potentials and the changes of log (P)/(L) in the renal vein between the initial values and values at the time of the removal of the clamp. Thus, it seems possible to estimate by continuous electrical recordings the state and variations of the oxido-reduction balance of a tissue "in vivo". PMID- 1231935 TI - "In vitro" mucin biosynthesis by human gastric mucosa biopsies. AB - A method is described for the study of the "in vitro" biosynthesis of mucins by human gastric biopsy samples. 14C-glucose was incorporated in the biopsies obtained from the fundus and antral regions of four normal human donors during a four hours incubation period. Labelled glycoproteins (mucins) were released in the medium and were also retained in the tissue-residue. Neutral sugars, fucose, protein and DNA determinations carried out on the tissue homogenates indicated that significant information on mucin biosynthesis can be obtained by this biopsy procedure which is particularly suitable for the exploration of gastric pathology. PMID- 1231936 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to mono-azobenzene arsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine. II. An operational model in the mouse. AB - Immunization of the mouse by free mono-ABA-Tyrosine (ABA-Tyr) in complete Freund's adjuvant leads to a specific sensitization. This can be assessed by increase in ear thickness after challenge with ABA-Protein conjugates. The intensity of the skin reaction is directly related to both the antigen dosage and the amount of BCG incorporated in the adjuvant. A close correlation has been shown between delayed skin reaction and "in vitro" lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of either ABA-Protein or free ABA-Tyr. In both "in vivo" and "in vitro" tests, sensitization is detectable from day 5 with a maximum on day 7. Contrasting with this strong cellular response, no antibody can be found. Thus, mouse sensitization with ABA-Tyr provides an operational model for pure cellular immunity. The extension of ABA-Tyr model to mouse may vacilitate the analysis of the involved cell populations. PMID- 1231937 TI - [Change in rabbit blood lymphocyte count after repeated extracorporeal irradiation with cesium 137. Comparison of heparin and acenocoumarol effects]. AB - During repetitive extracorporeal irradiation, heparin treatment is responsible for a very high lymphocytic peak which does not last more than two days. This peak is not observed after using acenocoumarol as anticoagulant. That is why the degree of lymphocyte depletion after RECIB is to be interpreted in function of the anticoagulant used. This peak is temporary. No matter the anticoagulant used, lymphopenia is obtained after 15 days. The level of lymphocytic depletion is independent of the initial lymphocytosis. PMID- 1231938 TI - Plasma galactocerebrosides in multiple sclerosis. AB - Plasma cerebrosides were examined in 12 cases of multiple sclerosis which were compared to normal controls and patients with cerebrovascular accidents. A screening was performed so as to select patients with levels above to normal by means of thin-layer chromatography of the lipid extract. Glucose seems to be the only hexose to be found normally in plasma cerebrosides. The presence of galactocerebrosides may be a biological test for demyelination, as their presence seems to be related to the evolutionary state of multiple sclerosis. In a severe cerebrovascular accident, galactocerebrosides were also found. PMID- 1231939 TI - Effect of treatment with cyclophosphamide on the electrophoretic mobility and mitogen responsiveness of mouse thymus cells. AB - Two days after a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) in a dose of 300 mg/kg of body weight, the cellularity of the thymus from adult female CBA mice was reduced to 17% of its normal value. The electrophoretic mobility (EPM) analysis of the surviving cells revealed a decrease in the proportion of the slow-moving cells together with a significant diminution of their mean EPM. The proportion of fast-moving cells, which were shown to correspond to the hydrocortisone-resistant and mitogen-responsive pool of mature thymocytes, was correlatively increased by 2-3 fold. Despite this enrichment in cells with a high surface charge, the thymocytes from CY-treated mice exhibited a diminished reactivity "in vitro" to both concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. The possible significance of theses results is discussed with reference to the known mitostatic properties of CY. PMID- 1231940 TI - Letter: Resistance of rats to Yoshida ascites sarcoma. PMID- 1231941 TI - Court clinics and defendants' rights. PMID- 1231942 TI - The devil's advocate. The Karen Anne Quinlan case. PMID- 1231943 TI - Right to treatment. PMID- 1231944 TI - Involuntary treatment--its legal limitations. PMID- 1231945 TI - The right to education: due process and the inner city child. PMID- 1231946 TI - Psychiatric testimony and the Rashomon phenomenon. PMID- 1231947 TI - One right too many. PMID- 1231948 TI - [Surgical relief in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with a vascular or traumatic neurologic affliction]. PMID- 1231949 TI - [Angioma (or hemangioma) of the vertebral body]. PMID- 1231950 TI - [Hodgkin's disease: a curable cancer]. PMID- 1231951 TI - [Presentation of the justification of budget choices (R.C.B.) at the Ministry of Health]. PMID- 1231952 TI - [Traditional budget and program budget at the Ministry of Health]. PMID- 1231954 TI - ["Perinatal program" - study, decision, management, review]. PMID- 1231953 TI - [Sectorial study: influenza vaccination]. PMID- 1231955 TI - [Current information of the Ministry (of Health) on health indicators]. PMID- 1231956 TI - [Construction of new health indicators]. PMID- 1231957 TI - [Priority health problems and socioeconomic development of a principal regional town. Methodological aspects]. PMID- 1231958 TI - [Training of medical students in medical economics]. PMID- 1231959 TI - [Roles and role representations in the hospital medical team]. PMID- 1231960 TI - [Experience with new methods of hospital management]. PMID- 1231961 TI - [Medical dossier at the Paris Public Assistance]. PMID- 1231963 TI - Histological findings, His bundle recordings and body-surface potential mappings in a case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. An anatomoclinical comparison. PMID- 1231962 TI - [Length and causes of absences from work in a specific population]. PMID- 1231964 TI - Effects of exercise-induced stress on platelet aggregation. AB - In order to determine if the stress of a standard exercise test will affect the propensity for platelets to aggregate, platelet aggregometer studies were performed before and after a double two-step Master's test in 19 patients with angina and in 19 normal controls. The response of platelet-rich plasma to 0.1, 1 and 10 muM of ADP and 1 and 10 muM of epinephrine were tested in a Chrono-Log aggregometer. Prior to exercise there was no significant difference between the number of patients and controls responding with irreversible aggregation to any of the five tests. Immediately following exercise, no significant differences in the number of irreversible aggregation responses were seen in the control group. In the group with coronary artery disease, the incidence of irreversible responses was significantly higher after exercise on test with 1 muM ADP (p less than 0.05), 1 muM epinephrine (p=0.02), and 10 muM epinephrine (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that exercise increases significantly the tendency of platelets to aggregate among patients with coronary artery disease. It is possible that this effect may play a role in myocardial infarction induced during stress. PMID- 1231965 TI - Bigeminal ventricular tachycardia with Wenckebach exit block. AB - A patient is presented in whom repeated attacks of ventricular tachycardia occurred. His last and fatal attack revealed an alternation or coupling of the cycle lengths of the ventricular beats. A large left ventricular wall aneurysm was found, which probably accounted for the unusual arrhythmias. PMID- 1231966 TI - The effect of external pressure diastolic augmentation on regional myocardial perfusion in experimental myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of external pressure diastolic augmentation on the distribution of coronary blood flow following coronary occlusion was studied in 36 dogs using radionuclide tagged macroaggregated albumin and an electromagnetic flow meter. Collateral flow, approximately 30% of normal flow immediately following occlusion, increased spontaneously by approximately 50% over the first 4 h. Two and 4 h of immediate, maximal external pressure diastolic augmentation resulted in only slightly greater mean increases in collateral flow than that which occurs spontaneously during the same time period. Reduction of the level or delay in onset of diastolic augmentation resulted in even less increase in collateral flow to the ischemic area. Mean coronary flow increased only 6% with external pressure diastolic augmentation. Since neither distribution of coronary blood flow nor total coronary blood flow was significantly altered by external pressure diastolic augmentation, this technique appears to be relatively ineffective in improving oxygen delivery to acutely ischemic myocardium in the dog. PMID- 1231967 TI - Immediate haemodynamic effects of verapamil in man. AB - The effect of the antiarrhythmic drug verapamil (Isoptin) on circulatory dynamics and myocardial contractility was studied in six patients in sinus rhythm: three patients were control subjects and three had underlying rheumatic valvular disease. The drug was given as an intravenous bolus (10 mg) and measurements made in the control state and repeated 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after administration of verapamil. Left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure fell by 18% 1 min after intravenous verapamil (p less than 0.01) and returned twoards the range of normal after 10 min. Heart rate increased and cardiac and stroke index were not altered 5 and 10 min after administration of the drug. Peak LVdp/dt and Vmax were reduced while LV end-diastolic pressure increased reflecting a decrease in LV contractility. The hemodynamic effects were similar in digitalised and nondigitalised patients. PMID- 1231968 TI - Surgical management of acute subdural hematomas. AB - Acute subdural hematoma, local cerebral laceration and severe brain edema must be diagnosed at the earliest possible stage preferably by angiography and must be treated promptly by craniectomy of an adequate size in order to cope with all the blood clot, the lacerated brain tissue and the swollen brain. PMID- 1231969 TI - A complicated case of cortical deafness in a child. AB - Overall motor retardation and clumsiness; bilateral pyramidal signs; extensor plantar responses; extra pyramidal symptoms; central hearing loss; perception disorders almost exclusively for linguistic items; diffuse E.E.G. abnormalities with focal maxima in both temporal regions. PMID- 1231970 TI - Persistent posterior fossa ependymomas. Two case reports with unusual long survival. AB - Two patients are described who survived respectively 33 and 21 years after partial surgical excision of a posterior fossa ependymoma and who at the time of autopsy were proven to harbor persistent tumour tissue in the same location. PMID- 1231971 TI - Striato-nigral degeneration and Shy-Drager syndrome (idiopathic orthostatic hypotension). AB - The present paper reports on a case which evolved clinically with a Parkinson syndrome and attacks of orthostatic hypotension. Dystrophic lesions were found in the substrantia nigra, putamen and autonomic bulbo-medullary axis. This case demonstrates that striato-nigral degeneration of the Adams, van Bogaert and van der Eecken type and the Shy-Drager syndrome (orthostatic hypotension with neurologic syndrome) are part of the same pathiologic entity respesenting nervous multisystem degeneration developing in the presenium. PMID- 1231972 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine and orthopedics]. PMID- 1231973 TI - [Pigmented, villonodular synovitis, tenosynovitis and bursitis (study of 75 cases)]. PMID- 1231974 TI - [Transposition of the ileo-psoas muscle using Langenskiold's method in the open reduction of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 1231975 TI - [Indications for the myo-electric prosthesis for patients with forearm amputation]. PMID- 1231976 TI - [Biomechanics of the intervertebral disk considered as a visco-elastic system]. PMID- 1231977 TI - [Osteoblastoma of the sacrum with abnormal painful symptoms]. PMID- 1231978 TI - [Compression arthrodesis of the knee]. PMID- 1231979 TI - [60-year follow-up of a knee operated on for ankylosis]. PMID- 1231980 TI - [Study of renal cholesterol and phospholipids after ligation of the common bile duct in rats]. PMID- 1231981 TI - [Use of autogenous reactive connective tissue for plastic surgery of the bladder (experimental studies)]. PMID- 1231982 TI - [The hyperdynamic syndrome in cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 1231984 TI - [Neonatal torsion of the spermatic cord]. PMID- 1231983 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the tibial plateau]. PMID- 1231985 TI - [The resistance of the gastric mucosal barrier in duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 1231986 TI - [Etiology and therapy of stenosis of the pylorus and the upper small intestine]. PMID- 1231988 TI - [Longitudinal study on glucose tolerance and insulin metabolism]. PMID- 1231987 TI - [The question of liver damage and cholelithiasis as late complications after Billroth II type gastrectomies]. PMID- 1231989 TI - Radioimmunoassay specific for amino (N) and carboxyl (C) terminal portion of parathyroid hormone. AB - A radioimmunoassay specific for the amino (N) terminal portion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) molecule (N-PTH radioimmunoassay) has been developed by iodinating synthetic 1-34bovine PTH (1-34bPTH) and using commercially available bPTH antiserum. A radioimmunoassay specific for the carboxyl (C) terminal (C-PTH radioimmunoassay) has been carried out by adding enough amount of 1-34bPTH to the PTH radioimmunoassay system. The data obtained from N- and C-PTH radioimmunoassay were compared with those obtained from the PTH radioimmunoassay. It was observed that plasma levels of N-PTH, indicating biologically active PTH, were only one 8th to 32th to those of PTH and those of C-PTH were almost equal to those of PTH. These data corresponded well with those reported previously by using the antiserum specific for each terminal of the PTH molecule from the other laboratory. The half life of plasma N-PTH and C-PTH determined following the removal of parathyroid adenoma was less than 10 min and about 45 min respectively. These data indicate that the N-PTH radioimmunoassay can be done by iodinating 1-34bPTH and using commercially available antiserum. PMID- 1231990 TI - Responses of plasma insulin C-peptide and proinsulin-like components to glucose and glucagon in the pig. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the relative contribution of insulin, proinsulin-like components (PLC) and C-peptide toward plasma levels of immuno reactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) in the pig and to elucidate the mode of secretion of PLC in the early phase of insulin release. Following the intravenous glucose loads, the concomitant secretion of CPR with that of IRI occured rapidly and the maximum plasma level of IRI was observed at an earlier time than that of CPR. Following the intravenous glucagon injection, the maximum plasma levels of IRI and CPR were observed at the same time in the early phase. After the gel filtration of acid alcohol extracts of plasma in a fasted state, a very small amount of PLC and a small amount of C-peptide as well as a small amount of insulin were detected. The results obtained from the gel filtration of extracts revealed that the increased amounts in IRI and CPR after the injection of glucose or glucagon consisted mostly and respectively of insulin and C-peptide in the pig, because the concentration of PLC increased only slightly in the early phase. In fact, plasma levels of CPR and IRI were essentially and respectively paralleled to those of insulin and C-peptide which were assayed after the gel filtration of extracts. In addition, the slight elevation of PLC in the early phase after these stimulations indicated that PLC was elicited into blood circulation at the same time of the secretion of insulin and C-peptide. PMID- 1231991 TI - Persistent vaginal cornification in mice treated with estrogen prenatally. AB - Twelve of 14 female mice of the ICR strain which had received a single injection of 50 mug estradiol-17beta on day 17 of fetal life exhibited irreversible cornification or stratification of the vaginal epithelium which persisted after ovariectomy until sacrifice performed 42-48 days later. Eight of the 12 mice had corpora lutea in their ovaries removed at 3-5 months of age. A similar injection of estradiol on day 15 of fetal life induced irreversible cornification or stratification of the vaginal epithelium in 6 of 12 females and only one of the 6 had corpora lutea in its ovaries when removed at 3-5 months. Mice given the same dose of estradiol on the day of birth or at 3 days of postnatal age invariably had ovaries bearing follicles of varying sizes and hypertrophied interstitial tissue but no corpora lutea. Changes in the vaginal epithelium in these animals were less remarkable as compared to that in prenatally treated mice. PMID- 1231992 TI - Boiling method for the extraction of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials. AB - The boiling method deviced in accordance with the extraction procedure of secretin was applied to the extraction of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive material (GLI) and compared with the acid alcohol method of Kenny with respect to efficiency of the extraction and property of the extracted materials. GLI was extracted from minced porcine small intestine by each method. The total amount of GLI extracted by the boiling method was 14.45+/-2.07 mug/10g small intestine (mean+/-SE), showing a high yield as compared to 4.07+/-0.29 mug/10 g small intestine obtained by the acid alcohol method. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The gel chromatogram of the acid alcohol extract was separated into two peaks; peak 1 appeared before the the insulin marker, while peak II was eluted with the glucagon marker. The chromatogram of the boiling extract has a main broad fraction including insulin marker and a minor second peak corresponding to peak II of the acid alcohol extract. Boiling of the acid alcohol extract did not cause any shift of peak I in chromatogram. GLI present in the first half of the main fraction of the boiling extract was different from that in the latter half, but identical to peak I of the acid alcohol extract with respect to the immunoreactivity against glucagon antibody. It is concluded that in the extraction of GLI not only high yield is achieved but one or more new components is picked up by the boiling procedure as compared to the acid alcohol method. PMID- 1231993 TI - Effects of glucosamine on insulin and glucagon secretion in dogs and ducks. AB - The effects of infusion of glucosamine on immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) secretion were studied in dogs and ducks. During systemic infusion of glucosamine, hyperglycemia developed and insulin secretion was inhibited in both species. An immediate and sustained elevation of peripheral IRG levels was induced in ducks but a transient rise, detectable only in the pancreatic vein blood, was provoked in dogs. Suppression of insulin release and stimulation of glucagon release may be mediated by the inhibition of glucose utilization in beta and alpha-cells. The very prompt response of IRG in ducks may imply that glucosamine has a specific stimulating effect on the alpha-cells of ducks. Intrapancreatic administration of glucosamine in dogs, however, failed to elicit the rise of IRG, although insulin secretion was inhibited. Thus, it is suggested that the systemic administration of glucosamine in dogs may stimulate IRG secretion by some indirect effect. In one dog, however, a sustained rise of the pancreatic vein IRG was observed. Thus, the possibility cannot be ruled out that the difference in IRG response to glucosamine in dogs and ducks is quantitative rather than qualitative. Glucagon release by glucosamine may provide an additional factor to the hyperglycemic effect of glucosamine, in addition to its effect to suppress insulin release as well as its direct inhibitory effect on glucose utilization in tissues. PMID- 1231994 TI - LH discharge induced by medial preoptic implantation of estrone or dopamine in the ovariectomized estradiol primed rat. AB - Effect of implantation of estrogens or catecholamines into the medial preoptic area through chronically implanted double cannula on the release of LH was examined in the ovariectomized estradiol-primed rat. Implantation of estrone at 12:00 on the second or third day after subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate (20 mug) increased the serum concentration of LH at 18:00 compared with that in the non-implanted controls, whereas implantation of estradiol benzoate on the third day did not affect it. Dopamine implantation at 12:00 on the third day also induced a significant increase of LH concentration at 18:00, and, in contrast, norepinephrine implantation decreased the concentration at 18:00. It may be said that the medial preoptic area is responsive to estrone and can induce LH release, whereas it is not to estradiol. Furthermore, dopamine was effective for the activation of the medial preoptic area in relation to the inducement of LH release. PMID- 1231995 TI - Decidualization in rats given 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone or its propionate neonatally. AB - In Experiment 1, female rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or its propionate (DHTP) on day 5 of postnatal life. All of them showed regular estrous cycles as adults like untreated control animals. At about 60 days of age, the rats were ovariectomized and given 7 daily injections of 2 mg progesterone (P) plus 0.2 mug estradiol 17beta (ED). Uterine trauma applied on the 4th day of P-ED injections resulted in well developed deciduomata in all animals by the day after the last injection. This made a sharp contrast to the failure of female rats receiving testosterone propionate (TP) neonatally to give a positive response under similar experimental conditions (Takewaki and Ohta, 1974). The mean weight of traumatized horns was significantly larger in DHTP-treated rats (but not in DHT-treated rats) than in controls. In Experiment 2, rats were ovariectomized on day 4 and given a dose of 1.25 mg DHT or DHTP on day 5. Controls were ovariectomized on day 4 but not given any steroid on the next day. A series of 7 daily injections of 2 mg P plus 0.2 mug ED was started at about 60 days of age, after the animals had received 3 daily injections of 0.2 mug ED or 30 daily injections of 0.1 mug ED. Incidence of deciduomata following uterine traumatization was markedly lowered only in animals treated with DHTP neonatally and given 0.1 mug ED for 30 days as adults, no significant differences being found in both incidence and size of deciduomata among the other groups. It was suggested that the effects of neonatal steroid administration on uterine responsiveness in adulthood are specific to the steroid. The previous conclusion that persistent estrus in androgen-sterilized rats plays a part in the reduction of uterine responsiveness was confirmed. An exposure of rats to estrogen for a prolonged postpuberal period was without effect, unless the animals had received enough androgen neonatally. PMID- 1231996 TI - A hexapeptide angiotensin antagonist, Des-(Asp1, Arg2), Ile8)-angiotensin II. AB - In the smallest biologically active fragment of angiotensin or a 3-8 hexapeptide the C-terminal was substituted by isoleucine residue. It proved to be the smallest potent antagonist of angiotensin II so far reported. PMID- 1231997 TI - Insulin transport by thoracic duct of male rabbits with CCI4-induced liver cirrhosis. AB - Insulin concentration in the peripheral blood and the thoracic duct lymph from male rabbits with CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis was measured using a radioimmunoassay technique. Although insulin concentration in the lymph was lower in the cirrhotic animals than in the control ones, the hourly transport of the hormone by the lymphatic vessel of the cirrhotic animals markedly increased in company with the higher flow rate of the lymph. PMID- 1231999 TI - Dynamic and static properties of proteins adsorbed at the air water interface. PMID- 1231998 TI - Suppression of serum growth hormone levels by glucagon in patients with active acromegaly. AB - One mg of glucagon was given subcutaneously to eight patients with active acromegaly. Seven out of eight patients had a rapid decrease in serum growth hormone (GH) levels at 30 min after the glucagon injection. In two out of seven patients a rebound increase in serum GH following the early GH reduction was observed. On the other hand, oral administration of 50 g glucose which caused a comparable increase in blood glucose to that after the glucagon injection elicited no early suppression in serum GH levels in the same patients. These data suggest that the inhibition of GH release induced by glucagon could not be related to the increase in blood glucose by glucagon. PMID- 1232000 TI - The McDougall Memorial Lecture: Food and health. PMID- 1232002 TI - Nutritional surveillance. PMID- 1232001 TI - Nutrition and national development planning. AB - We have argued that development strategies aimed at the reduction of all forms of deprivation, according to an explict statement of values and priorities, are necessary for the integration of nutrition planning into overall national development planning. We do not regard this as likely to lead to the neglect of the key issues of investment and production. Instead, we argue that consideration of investment and production strategies should be explicitly directed to their purpose, the reduction of deprivation, rather than, as in the past, treated as the necessary means to that purpose. Thus investment and production strategies would be aimed directly at relieving deprivation including, especially, nutritional deprivation, and their impact in this respect will need to be explicitly predicted and evaluated. We have argued that problems and potentials differ greatly at the area level and that planning must be an iterative process in which national and area-level strategies and programmes are brought to consistency through successive cycles of adjustment and reappraisal. A major role in planning, especially in detailed design and implementation, is assigned to area level. Planning must proceed from an identification of the deprivations under attack to the identification of intervention measures. Elsewhere we have argued the case for the 'functional classification" of malnutrition and the use of "typical profiles" in the understanding of "the ecology and etiology of malnutition". Where planning accepts the need for an integrated approach to the attack on all forms of deprivation, these analyses of nutritional deprivation would from part of a more comprehensive analysis of general deprivation. The existence of "functional classification" and "typical profiles" analysis with respect to malnutrition would provide an excellent base from which a more comprehensive view might be developed. The factors affecting the evolution of nutritional - and other - deprivation problems need to be understood in order that we can identify points in the system where intervention may control theri emergence. In any situation there will be alternative intervention points bearing either directly on the alleviation of symptoms (malnutrition) or, more or less indirectly, on the control of its causes. In general, mixed strategies will be called for. At this stage in our understanding no generalizations are possible about the nature of strategy choices. Our choice of intervention measures must be based upon an understanding of the overall system as it generates malnutrition, and of which forces exert the most powerful effects. One important element of this analysis will be an understanding of the behaviour of the malnourished. However, conventional planning approaches, in which ministries and departments concern themselves only with problems and measures which conform to the definition of their own spheres of responsibility, have failed to define these choices effectively... PMID- 1232003 TI - Setting a social maximum and a social minimum for food and nutrition. PMID- 1232004 TI - Radioimmunoassay of norethindrone (17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3 one) and ethynyl-estradiol (17 alpha-ethynyl-1,3,5, (10)-estratien-3, 17 beta diol). Application to human plasma determination of norethindrone after oral administration of this steroid. AB - The experiment conditions for the evaluation of Norethindrone (17 alpha-Ethynyl 17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one, NET) and Ethynyl-estradiol (17 alpha-ethynyl-1, 3, 5 (10) estratrien-3, 17 beta-diol, EE) by radioimmunoassay are described. A minimal quantity of 25 pg of these two steroids could be evaluated using different reduced metabolites of NET, very little cross reaction is observed with 200 pg of these metabolites. No effect was observed with estradiol for the EE antiserum. The NET-antiserum was used to evaluate this steroid and ethynodiol diacetate after oral administration to female volunteers. Maximal values in the plasma (2-3% of the administered dose) was found between 1-3 h after administration and at 24 h a concentration of 0.1-0.3% still remained in the plasma. PMID- 1232005 TI - [Recent advances in the hormonal treatment of sterility (author's transl)]. AB - The present trends in the utilization of hormones in the treatment of sterility are reviewed, special reference being made to the utilization of gonadotrophins, hypothalamic hormones and gonadal hormones as well as other substances (clomiphene, epimestrol, cyclophenyl) that are also utilized in this type of treatments. PMID- 1232006 TI - [Electronmicroscopical aspects of endometrial distrophy induced by oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - An electron-optical study on the endometrium of 5 controls and 25 patients subjected during 3-12 months to 0.25 mg norgestrel + 0.05 mg etinil-estradiol association treatment is performed. The most prominent electronmicroscopical features of endometrial changes are described, such as the asynchronical maturation of the epithelium and the stroma, the shorthening of the proliferative and secretory phases and the epithelial involution towards the last days of the cycle. Special emphasis is placed on the zonal distribution of these changes. An increase of the nostocitosis phenomena is reported and its significance as a complementary contraceptive mechanism is discussed. PMID- 1232007 TI - [Cytological changes in hypophysis of immatur rats after administration of anti LH antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - In the present work, cytological changes produced in rats' pars distalis were studied by administration of anti-LH antibodies. The anti-LH sera was obtained by active immunization of adult rabbits using bovine LH hormone with Freund's complete adjuvant. Newborn albino Wistar male and female rats were daily and subcutaneously inoculated with 0.1 ml. to 0.8 ml of anti-LH sera from the first 24 hr. on during 5 weeks. For controls, a similar schedule of inoculations with normal rabbit serum was used. At weekly intervals during the treatment, 5 lots of rats were sacrificed and the rest after a recovery period of 95 days. At the end of the 2nd week of immunization, both male and female animals showed degranulated gonadotroph cells in the central part of the pars distalis; at the 3rd week these cells were hypertrophied and presented developed Golgi complex. At the 4th week, the first large vacuoles of "castration" were seen in the gonadotroph cells of male pars distalis, besides in the females the degranulation of gonadotrophs continued. During the last week of treatment, the gonadotrophs of the male animals presented a highly dilated Golgi complex, more "castration-like cells" and numerous mitosis figures. The gonadotrophs of females pars distalis presented degranulation, but not vacuoles. After the recovery period the gonadotrophs of male rats were similar to those of the control hypophisis and did not show castration vacuoles in their cytoplasm. In female rats, the gonadotrophic cells showed "castration-like vacuoles" and a raised number of mitosis cells compared to control pituitaries. The significance of these findings will be discussed. PMID- 1232009 TI - [Editorial: Use of the pacemaker in Italy]. PMID- 1232008 TI - Main results of recent Hungarian family planning studies. PMID- 1232010 TI - The healing of myocardial infarcts in man. AB - One hundred and fifty hearts of patients who died within 25 days of the onset of a clinically proven myocardial infarct were examined. Three morphologically distinct forms of myocardial necrosis were recognized. In the central and median zones of an infarct the muscle showed coagulation necrosis. Subsequently the dead tissue was obsorbed by macrophages with the preservation of sarcolemmal sheaths. Then fibroblastic collagenization of the preserved stroma occurred. Repair was not achieved by granulation tissue. Coagulative myocytolysis occurred in the outer zone of an infarct and in the non-infarcted myocardium. The dead cells were acidophilic and showed myofibrillary damage characterized by anomalous cytoplasmic band formation. Breakdown of the fibres was followed by macrophage absorption and healing as in the central area of coagulation necrosis. Colliquative myocytolysis was seen in big infarcts. It affected a narrow band of myocardial cells in the subendocardial zone or surrounding blood vessels. The fibres became oedematous and seemed to liquefy. PMID- 1232011 TI - [Surgical treatment of cardiac abnormalities associated with corrected transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries, who underwent surgical repair, are reported. In four cases a ventricular septal defect was present; in six cases, a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis and in two an incompetence of the systemic atrio-ventricular valve. The anatomic types of corrected transposition and the pertinent diagnostic characteristics were reviewed and discussed. The problems related to the surgical correction and the different approaches to the intracardiac lesions are considered and the difficulties of treating the obstruction of the venous ventricle successfully are emphasized. PMID- 1232012 TI - [Functional block in the His-Purkinje system (author's transl)]. AB - In nine patients without clinical or laboratory evidence of heart disease, premature atrial depolarization (PAB) induced a complete block of conduction in the intraventricular conducting system. In these patients the functional refractory period AV (FRPav)) gave short and very similar results to the effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system (ERPhp), and the effective refractory period AV (ERPAV) was found to be shorter than the ERPhp in all cases. A linear correlation between the ERPhp and the basic cycle length (BCL) was also observed. These special functional properties of the AV node justify the occurrence of intraventricular block after PAB. In fact, the stimulus, rapidly conducted through the AV node, finds a complete or incomplete refractoriness in the ventricular conducting system, and therefore bundle branch or complete intraventricular block occurs. The linear correlation between the ERPHP and the BCL explains why the atrial pacing is not always useful for pointing out intraventricular conducting defects. PMID- 1232013 TI - [Short and long term prognosis of intraventricular conduction disturbances in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Intraventricular conduction disturbances (IVD) were found in 181 (21,9%) out of 828 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Isolated RBBB was present in 6,3% of cases; both RBBB and LAH or LPH in 3,4%; isolated LAH in 5,8%; LBBB in 3%; suspect blocks of the three brances [RBBB+LAH+first degree atrio-ventricular block (AVB), or LBBB+first degree AVB] in 2,9% of cases. The severe mortality (41%) during hospitalisation of patients with IVB seems to be due to the haemodynamic impairement: cardiogrnic shock was observed in 20% of these patiens and acute pulmonary oedema in 18%. Transient or permanent complete AVB occurred during hospitalisation in 24,3% of these patients. The occurrence of complete AVB was higher (54%) in patients in whom suspect block of three branches was present. It was found that the progression of IVD to complete AVB increased the mortality rate to 48%. The short term prognosis of patients with IVD does not seem to be improved by prophilactic electrical stimulation, but the rate of deaths for asystolia is reduced. The mortality rate after one year of patients discharged from hospital was 25%; suspect three branches IVD died suddenly and 2 progressed to complete AVB. In the author's opinion the implantation of permanent electrical stimulation is indicated in patients showing IVD of the three branches assessed using His bundle electrgram during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. PMID- 1232014 TI - [Prognostic significance of the intraventricular blocks during acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - An intraventricular conduction defect complicated 39 out of 489 cases of acute myocardial infarctions. The defect, with the exception of one case, always developed in infarctions in the anterior wall of the heart. Compared with the other acute anterior myocardial infarctions in which the mortality in the Coronary Care Unit was 15%, infarctions complicated by intraventricular conduction defects have on the whole, presented a worse clinical course and a higher mortality rate (56%). It must be stressed that clinical course and mortality rate have been very different in the various conduction defects. The most innocuous conduction defects were the left anterior hemiblock, and, with some reservation, the right bundle branch block too, -- defects in which the clinical course and the mortality rate were not significantly different from those of the other anterior myocardial infarctions not complicated by intraventricular conduction troubles. On the contrary clinical course was more serious and mortality rate higher (50%) in the cases in which the two defects were associated. Myocardial infarctions complicated by left bundle branch block, right bundle branch block with left posterior hemiblock, alternating bundle branch block or 1 degrees and 2 degrees atrioventricular block and bundle branch block, presented an extremely serious clinical course and a very high mortality rate (83%). These differences in the clinical course and in the mortality rate of the various intraventricular conduction defects are explained by the fact that they are associated with myocardial damage of different degree, which is clarified by knowledge of the blood supply of the intraventricular conduction system. PMID- 1232015 TI - [Phono-mechanographic aspects in parietal blocks of left ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - 20 subjects with parietal ventricular block, detected by Frank vectoracardiogram, were submitted to phono-mechanographic examination. Prolongation of PEP was shown; the second period of electromechanical interval (A-C interval in apex cardiogram) was given in detail. Isovolumetric contraction, systolic ejection time and diastolic period were normal. This pattern is quite typical for parietal block and completely differs from bundle blocks and cardiomyopathies. Therefore it may be useful in differntial diagnosis of these kinds of conduction disturbances as well. PMID- 1232016 TI - [Electrophysiological bases of the antiarrhythmic activity of amiodarone (author's transl)]. AB - The electrophysiological effects of orally administered Amiodarone (600 mg daily for 8 days) were evaluated using His bundle electrograms, the extrastimulus method and atrial pacing in 16 patients with proved ischemic heart disease. Our results show that Amiodarone: 1) does not affect sinus node activity; 2) considerably prolongs the refractory periods of the atrium; 3) slightly and inconsistently prolongs the refractory periods of the atrio-ventricular node and the intraventricular conduction system; 4) slightly decreases the atrio ventricular conduction; 5) does not consistently depress the intraventricular conduction. These properties contribute to the explanation of the antiarrhythmic effects of the drug. PMID- 1232018 TI - [Levocardia with spleen inversion, but without atrial transposition (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 14-year-old boy with levocardia is reported herein. By scintiphotography, a normal spleen was identified in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. As angiographic and electrocardiographic considerations rule out the transposition of the atria, the patient must be a very rare case of levocardia with an inverted spleen, which is not associated with transposition of the atria. PMID- 1232017 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac performace in 222 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - Electrocardiogram at rest, blood pressure, systolic intervals (PEP/LVET), cardiothoracic ratio and circulation time were evaluated in 222 sarcoidotic subjects without cardiac symptoms and with no past or present history of cardiac disease. Very few, slight alterations were observed and were probably not the result of sarcoidotic myocardial involvement. Abnormalities distribution according to stage on the basis of chest-x-rays findings and the duration of sarcoidosis did not appear significantly different. Prospective study is being undertaken to determine which of the observed abnormalities may represent precursors or symptoms of sarcoidotic cardiac involvemenet. PMID- 1232019 TI - [Corvisart's syndrome. report of a case diagnosed in a 64 year-old woman (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 64 year-old woman, hospitalized for cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers and probably cerebral embolism, in which the clinical and laboratory findings lead to a diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot of the Corvisart type, is presented. The possible reasons for benignity and long survival are discussed. PMID- 1232020 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion]. PMID- 1232021 TI - The monophasic action potential technique, a new method in the study of atrial fibrillation. PMID- 1232022 TI - A transforming marker that produces merodiploids with high efficiency and stable transformants with low efficiency in Streptococcus. AB - A mutation (ery-r8) conferring a high level of resistance to erythromycin in the Challis strain of Streptoccus sanguis can be transferred to wild-type erythromycin-sensitive recipients via single molecules of donor DNA. The transformants thus produced are of two types: (1) cells slightly more resistant to erythromycin than wild-type and capable of segregating (at a frequency of 2 X 10(-4)/bacterium/generation) either wild-type or highly-resistant cells like the original donor type; (2) cells phenotypically and genotypically identical to the original donor type. The unstable diploids (ery-r8/+) occur with a frequency equivalent to that obtained with high-efficiency (HE) markers, whereas the stable donor-type (ery-r8) transformants occur with about five hundred times lower frequency. Penetration of the wild-type recipient by more than one molecule of DNA bearing the ery-r8 marker increases by as much as seven times the incidence of stable transformants. UV-irradiation of molecules bearing the ery-r8 marker diminishes their ability to cooperate in producing a stable transformant, although the UV sensitivity of stable transformant production by a single DNA molecule is not different from that of diploid production. Hence, stable transformants do not appear to be produced by a process typical of low efficiency (LE) markers, which are generally highly sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation. Moreover, stable ery-r8 transformants are produced with equally low frequencies in strains of S. pneumoniae that discriminate (hex+) and fail to discriminate (hex--) between HE and LE markers. We postulate that all transformations by the ery-r8 marker result in ery-r8/+ diploids, and that segregation results in the infrequent stable transformants of the original donor type. This hypothesis is supported by the observations that rifampin treatment of ery-r8/+ populations increases the frequency of segregation and similar treatment of wild-type recipients under-going transformation by the ery-r8 marker increases the frequency of stable transformants.--In producing the ery-r8/+ transformant the r8 allele is integrated close to the site of its wild-type homolog, since single molecules of DNA from this transformant can be shown to carry both alleles. Segregation of either the ery-r8 or + allele is not detectably enhanced by acridine orange or thymidine deprivation.--The ery-r8 marker occurs close to a site of mutation (ery-r2) which confers erythromycin resistance upon ribosomes. When the r2 and r8 markers are jointly transferred, ery-r2-r8/+ genomes are produced in which the r2 marker is stably integrated but the r8 marker is unstably adjoined to its wild-type homolog. Thus, the duplicated region can be quite short. When the ery-r8 marker is stably integrated, the region of the marker is refractory to subsequent transformation. Markers with properties like ery-r8 are not particularly rare, being found with a frequency of about 4% among spontaneous mutations to erythromycin resistance. PMID- 1232023 TI - Genetic analysis of copper resistance in Paramecium aurelia syngen 4. AB - Measurement of the median tolerance limit to cupric ion of 28 wild stocks of Paramecium aurelia syngen 4 revealed a phenotypic polymorphism: two stocks showed a much greater resistance than the others. Genetic analysis showed the resistant phenotype was produced by a recessive allele, cur, identical in both resistant wild stocks. No modification of the phenotypic expression of this allele could be detected after backcrossing into different genetic backgrounds. The results are interpreted to support the importance of mutational adaptation in this inbreeding species. Possible patterns of internal genetic organization of species which rely on mutation for adaptation are discussed. PMID- 1232024 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of a Chinese hamster cell line. I. Selection of clones with defective macromolecular biosynthesis. AB - Temperature-sensitive clones have been selected from a mutagenized culture of Chinese hamster lung cells by a procedure involving bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and irradiation with black light. The selection procedure used in these studies was adapted from methods developed by others to yield mutants that cease DNA replication within a short time after they are transferred to nonpermissive temperature. After mutagenesis with ethyl methanosulfonate ten clones survived the selection procedure. Three of the clones (mutants) were temperature-sensitive as measured by growth properties. Two mutants ceased DNA synthesis within six hours of being shifted to 39degrees and the third mutant continued to synthesize DNA at nonpermissive temperature at a reduced rate for at least 24 hours. Thus, all three mutants survived the selection procedure for understandable reasons, since each was unable to incorporate sufficient BrdU at 39degrees to lethally protosensitize its DNA during the standard exposure period. The two mutants that cease DNA synthesis at high temperature (clones 115-47 and 115-53) also stop incorporating radioactive amino acids and uridine within six hours at 39degrees. Their complex phenotype, i.e. defective DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis, is reversible. When these mutants were returned to 33 degrees after 8 hours at 39 degrees, both resumed DNA synthesis immediately (less than 1 hour). Reversal of defective DNA synthesis in both mutants were sensitive to drugs that inhibit protein biosynthesis specifically. Those same drugs, as well as toxic amino acids analogs, also effected a striking mutant phenocopy in wild-type cells. The phenocopy produced by amino acid analogs that are incorporated into mammalian proteins suggested that one or more proteins must be synthesized continuously to support mammalian cells engaged in programmed DNA replication. PMID- 1232026 TI - Conditions for the existence of clines. AB - A very general partial differential equation in space and time satisfied by the gene frequency in a monoecious population distributed continuously over an arbitrary habitat is derived. The treatment is restricted to a single diallelic locus in the absence of mutation and random drift, and it is supposed that time is continuous, births and deaths occur at random, and migration is independent of genotype. With the further assumptions that migration is isotropic and homogeneous, the population density is constant and uniform (as permitted by the population regulation mechanism included in the formulation), and Hardy-Weinberg proportions obtain locally, this partial differential equation reduces to the simplest multidimensional generalization of the classical Fisher-Haldane cline model. The efficacy of migration and selection in maintaining genetic variability at equilibrium in this model is investigated by deducing conditions for the existence of clines under various circumstances. The effects of the degree of dominance, a neutral belt between the regions where a particular allele is advantageous and deleterious, finiteness of the habitat, and habitat dimensionality are evaluated. Provided at least one of the alleles is favored only in a finite region, excluding the special case in which its total effective selective coefficient is zero, if conditions for supporting a cline are too unfavorable because migration is too strong, selection is too weak, or both, a cline cannot exist at all. Thus, unless there is overdominance, the population must be monomorphic. It is possible for a cline which can barely exist under the prevailing ecological circumstances to show a large amount of variation in gene frequency. PMID- 1232025 TI - Esterase gene frequency differences and linkage equilibrium in Drosophila virilis populations from different ecological habitats. AB - In order to study the gene frequency and linkage equilibrium in natural populations, about 5740 chromosomes of Drosophila virilis flies from eight natural populations were analyzed by the null strain method for two linked esterase loci. The frequencies of these esterase genes appear to depend on habitat characteristics rather than on geographical distribution. The populations kept a high degree of linkage equilibrium among them (D-.005). PMID- 1232027 TI - Limits to the advantage of recombination in increasing the rate of incorporation of favorable mutants. AB - The advantage of recombination in increasing the rate of incorporation of favorable mutants is shown to disappear for large NU if substitution is occurring at only two loci. Recombination will, on the average, destroy all double favorable individuals in a haploid population until the product of the frequencies of the single favorable mutants exceeds 1/N. As NU increases there is an increasing probability of the occurrence of the double favorable my mutation alone. Recombination provides a significant advantage in the rate of incorporation of favorable mutants only if 2s/InN less than NU less than 2c when substitution is occurring at only two loci. If substitution is occurring at more than two loci the recombining population apparently has a substantial advantage for large NU. PMID- 1232028 TI - Genetic loads in heterogeneous environments. AB - A model of population structure in heterogeneous environments is described with attention focused on genetic variation at a single locus. The existence of equilibria at which there is no genetic load is examined.--The absolute fitness of any genotype is regarded as a function of location in the niche space and the population density at that location. It is assumed that each organism chooses to live in that habitat in which it is most fit ("optimal habitat selection").- Equilibria at which there is no segregation load ("loadless equilibria") may exist. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such equilibria are very weak. If there is a sufficient amount of dominance or area in which the alleles are selectively neutral, then there exist equilibria without segregational loads. In the N2p phase plane defined by population size, N, and gene frequency, p, these equilibria generally consist of a line segment which is parallel to the p axis. These equilibria are frequently stable. PMID- 1232029 TI - The study of genic variation by electrophoretic and heat denaturation techniques at the octanol dehydrogenase locus in members of the Drosophila virilis group. AB - Heat denaturation studies of three different electrophoretic allozymes of octanol dehydrogenase were performed from 10 species of the Drosophila virilis group. A total of 18 alleles were discovered, and in 3 species in which electrophoretic studies indicated that the locus was monomorphic, heat denaturation showed that the locus was polymorphic. We show that electrophoretic studies underestimate the number of alleles at this locus by a factor of 2.6 in these species. The results are discussed in the light of the continuing controversy over selection and neutral theories of genetic variation. PMID- 1232030 TI - [Characteristics of somatic cell hybrids (mouse X Chinese hamster) with different ratios of parental species chromosome sets. IV. Electrophoretic analysis of several enzymes of the dehydrogenase class]. AB - Electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gel of five dehydrogenases: NADP dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were investigated in a series of mouse X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Seven hybrid lines with different ratio of chromosome sets of hamster and mouse: 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 1:2 respectively were studied. NADP-MDH and 6PGD of both parental species and intermediate hybrid bands were present in all hybrids except two lines. These lines had only hamster MDH due to the elimination of mouse chromosomes. A correlation was found between the gene dose and the intensity of the expression of the MDH bands. The mouse type ADH was detected in all hybrids. The hamster ADH was found in one of the hybrid lines that lost all mouse chromosomes during cultivation. It is suggested that hamster ADH activity was suppressed in hybrids by the mouse genome. The species origin of GDH and G6PD could not be established due to similarity of electrophoretic mobilities of respective enzymes in parental cells. PMID- 1232031 TI - [Isolation and properties of several auxotrophic mutants of a highly virulent strain of the plague microbe]. AB - 2432 stable auxotrophic mutants were selected from high virulent Yersinia pestis strain 20b after treatment with nitroso guanidine. They were deficient in amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid, citrulline, glycine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, serine, leucine, lysine, ornithine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine), pyrimidine and vitamins (riboflavin, thyamine, nicotinamide). Some mutants were two- and three-fold dependent. The leucine-, histidine-, purine dependent mutants were isolated with the high frequency. All the mutants, like their original strain, grew in R-form; they were sensitive to diagnostic phages, had pesticine-fibrinolysin-coagulase system (fraction I) and were calcium dependent. P+ cultures of auxotrophs were not virulent for laboratory animals. PMID- 1232032 TI - [Processes of chromosome damage repair in unstimulated human peripheral blood lyphocytes by the method of fractional irradiation and temperature variation]. AB - The fractionation experiments were carried out on resting lymphocytes. Non stimulated lymphocytes were X-irradiated at the total dose of 200 r separated into two equal parts by either 5-hour or 20-hour intervals. The whole blood samples were kept during the intervals between the exposure at the temperature of 20 degrees centigrade or 37 degrees centigrade. All the cultures were made after the last radiation exposure at 37 degrees centigrade. Dicentrics and centric rings were scored. It is shown that a fractionation effect takes place in resting lymphocytes when the whole blood was kept for intervals between the half-dose at 37 degrees centigrade and is absent at the temperature of 20 degrees centigrade. It is suggested that there is the repair in lymphocytes at the stage G0, AT least, from the dose of 100 r. PMID- 1232033 TI - [Genetic control of the substrate specificity of sheep plasma arylesterase]. AB - By means of starch gel electrophoresis blood plasma esterases in sheep of different breeds were studied. It is shown that the esterase pattern is a poly enzyme system consisting of at least three enzymes: arylesterase, carboxylesterase and choline esterase. Postnatal changes of esterase pattern in sheep blood plasma were also studied. Polymorphism on substrate specificities is described, which is expressed in the fact that different arylesterase variants have different affinity to alpha- and beta-isomers of carbone ethers of naphtol. The breeding test suggests that two allelic autosomal genes, reffered to as Es-1a and Es-1b, control the substrate specificity of arylesterase in sheep. The data are discussed in connection with Es-1a and Es-1b gene expression in heterozygous sheep, with the effect of (mosaic) dominance. PMID- 1232034 TI - [Biochemical genetics of erythrocyte arylesterase in karakul sheep]. AB - Three zones of esterase activity were established in zymograms of erythrocyte lysates in karakul sheep by means of starch gel electrophoresis. These zones were distinguished according to their substrate specificity and inhibition tests and desnguated as arylesterase (I), carbonic anhydrase (II) and aliesterase (III). The following phenotypes of erythrocyte arylesterase were distinguished in the two populations of karakul sheep studied: AEs - A, AEs - AB, AEs - AC, AEs - AD, AEs - B, AEs - BC, AEs - BD, AEs - C, AEs - CD, AEs - D. These phenotypes are controlled by 4 dominant alleles, VIZ. AEsA, AEsB, AEsC, AEsD. Gene frequencies vary from population to population: from 0.012 +/- 0.005 to 0.118 +/- 0.027, from 0.331 +/- 0.021 to 0.340 +/- 0.012, from 0.601 +/- 0.022 to 0.250 +/- 0.011 and from 0.056 +/- 0.003 to 0.292 +/- 0.011 for AEsA, AEsB, AEsC and AEsD respectively. The actually observed distribution of arylesterase phenotypes is in accordance with the theoretically expected values (p is less than 0.95). PMID- 1232035 TI - [A case of D/E-translocation 45, XX, 13--, I8--, t(18q+, 13--)]. PMID- 1232036 TI - [Effect of a magnetic field on the chromosome set and cell division]. AB - An effect of stable magnetic field on karyotype and cell division of human lymphocytes from peripheral blood was studied in tissue culture. Comparative investigations were carried out with lymphocytes, which were treated with magnetic field of different tension (0,179; 0,391 and 0,600 Ts) and continuance (30 sec, 30 and 60 min). Lymphocytes, treated with stable magnetic field, were suspended in donor plasma and immediately cultivated after treatment. The stable magnetic field was found to have a distinct mutagenic effect on cultivated lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. The increase in structural impairements of chromosomes correlated with tension of magnetic field and continuance of its effect. In structural impairements of chromosomes the chromatid gaps and breaks were more often observed but chromosome ruptures and pericentric clearances occurred more rarely. The effect of stable magnetic field on lymphocytes proliferation was studied. Under weak and transient using of magnetic field the proliferated was stimulated, but in rigid conditions - mitosis and blastic transformation were decreased. Continuous effect of magnetic field with weak tension did not inhibite the blastic transformation but influenced on the survival rate of cells in tissue culture, enhancing their lethality. PMID- 1232037 TI - [Cytogenetic analysis of the action of new bifunctional alkylating compounds]. AB - The mutagenic activity of nitrogen mustard derivatives of aminovinylketones (NP 130, NP-161, NP-163), aminovinylphosphoric acid (RVS-445, RVS-446, RVS-448, RVS 398) and ethylene imine derivatives of ethane sulphonic acid (AR, RJ) was established for the first time in the experiments with Allium fistulosum L. The mutagenic activity of aminovinylketones (NP-130, NP-160) was established for the first time in the experiments with Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. The effect of the compounds studied on the seedlings characterized by the high level of natural mutability of chromosomes did not alter the spectrum of structural chromosome mutations. As it is shown by the results of the analysis, the compounds studied exert their action mainly at the S stage of the cell cycle. However, the initiation of potential changes at the G1 stage that are realized into actual breaks at the S stage is not excluded. In some experiments in which high concentrations of mutagens were used no delayed effect was observed which might be explained by the action of mutagens on cells at the G2 stage or at a still later stage. PMID- 1232038 TI - [Biochemical-genetic mechanisms of learning. II. Selection for a higher and lower rate of motor conditioned reflex acquisition]. AB - Using the model of feeding motor conditioned reflex, polymorphism for the rate of the formation of this response was found in a population of laboratory animals. Selection for high and low rate of the formation of this reflex resulted in significant differences in this character between two strains already in the second generation. These differences are maintained in subsequent generations. The existing henerogeneity for the rate of the formation of conditioned response in the population is shown to be genetically determined. PMID- 1232039 TI - [Mutagenic effect of different types of radiation on the sex cells of male mice. VIII. Frequency of development of reciprocal translocations in the spermatogonia of mice subjected to chronic gamma radiation]. AB - The frequency of reciprocal translocations in mice spermatogonia after the exposure to chronic gamma-irradiation at doses of 100, 200, 300, 600, 920 r, at the dose rate of 4,2 r/day was investigated. It was shown that the mutation frequency increased insignificantly with the increase of the radiation dose (y=0,8+0,0011x). The comparison of the data obtained with earlier results revealed no changes in the yeild of translocations at the reduction of the dose rate from 10 r/day to 4,2 r/day. The investigation of the genetic radiosensitivity of mice spermatogonia after a chronic gamma-irradiation showed a tendency to increase in their radioresistance. PMID- 1232040 TI - The depressive character. AB - The depressive character is characterized by perpetual and unsuccessful efforts to maintain self-esteem and to avoid a sense of helplessness. Such individuals suffer from chronic depression which may or may not be masked, but which permeates their character. Although the condition is among the commonest seen in many of our clinics and practices, it remains without a generally accepted diagnostic form. It is suggested that the essential, clinical, dynamic, and structural features of the depressive character are: (1) consistently low self esteem and a sense of helplessness, dependent object relations and chronic guilt; (2) self-directed aggression and masochism are frequent but not invariable; (3) extensive use of the mechanism of denial is as common as the previously described obsessional defenses seen in patients subject to psychotic depression; (4) often the depressive character suffers from intense oral envy; (5) depressive character traits may help to ward off any of the basic anxieties, namely, object loss, loss of love, castration anxiety, and superego anxiety (guilt) (6) the depressive character may be similar to a number of related disorders, namely, the obsessional character, hysterical characters with a large oral component, and depressive borderline states; (7) sensitivity to loss, sadness, and fragility of self-esteem makes the depressive character especially vulnerable to regression into overt depression; (8) the persistence of oral incorporative mechanisms, ambivalent, dependent object relations, ego versus superego tension with depressive affect, and sensitivity to loss are characteristic of the ego of the depressive character. PMID- 1232041 TI - Comparative analysis of persistent dyskinesias of long-term usage with neuroleptics in France and in Japan. AB - The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was studied in two psychiatric hospitals, one in France (Hopital psychiatrique de Bassens) and the other in Japan (Inogashire Hospital). Twenty-four of 131 patients in Bassens exhibited this disorder, and 22 of 123 patients in Inogashira. No difference was observed between the prevalence of both hospitals. Higher incidence in older age and a marked coexistence of chronic brain disorders were common characteristics of the patients affected by this disorder in both hospitals. All cases in France and in Japan presented a typical oral dyskinesia, but in general the symptoms in France were less intermittent and more pronounced than those in Japan. There existed a considerable contrast of the psychotropic medications between the two hospitals, which seemed to be related not to the prevalence, but to the severity of the symptoms. PMID- 1232042 TI - Effect of motor-response-deprivation on contingent negative variation (CNV). I: Normal adult data. AB - CNV's were obtained in S1-S2-MR paradigm from 22 normal subjects between the ages of 19 and 67 years (the mean age, 33.5+/-12.5). And then the effect of the presence or absence of a motor response on the CNV was studied. Results were as follows; (1) In the control session (S1-S2-MR), the mean CNV amplitude was 14+/-5 muV, and the mean response time was 291+/-76 msec. There was no significant difference with age, but the mean CNV amplitude for female was significantly higher than that for male. (2) Under the nonresponse condition (S1-S2) where the subject was instructed to attend to S1-S2 without a motor response, CNV amplitude significantly reduced for all subjects (7+/-5 muV). The mean voltage of the attentive-to-stimuli group was significantly higher than that of the inattentive group, and sex difference was not significant for the attentive group. However, CNV of the inattentive male disappeared completely, while the CNV of the inattentive female was significantly higher (8+/-5 muV). (3) Under the response condition (S1-S2-MR), CNV recovered almost to the magnitude level of the control condition (14+/-3 muV), in spite of the fact that the mean response time was significantly shortened between the control and response sessions. (4) We speculate that CNV changes may be dependent upon the dynamic balance of the excitatory-inhibitory activity. PMID- 1232043 TI - Cortical electrographic correlates of convulsive seizure development induced by daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala in rats and cats. AB - Increasing complexity of neocortical AD morphology was associated with clinical seizure development of amygdaloid origin in both rats and cats. Chronological examination of cortical AD and IID patterns in cats suggests very early involvement of basal cortical areas. Delayed but progressive ictal participation of anterior neocortical areas with eventual development of IID was coincident with eventual development of IID was coincident with recruitment of ictal motor manifestations while neocortical asymmetry with contralateral "desynchronization" pattern persisted throughout seizure development. It is suggested that anterior neocortex participates in the clinical expression of seizure development while verticle ictal propagation into the brain stem is responsible for seizure generalization. PMID- 1232044 TI - Thrombosis of rolandic veins following lumbar anesthesia: a case report. PMID- 1232045 TI - Air flow onset and variability. PMID- 1232046 TI - Phonetic contexts: their effects on perceived intelligibility in clef-palate speakers. PMID- 1232047 TI - Simultaneous oral and nasal airflow during stop consonant production by hearing impaired speakers. PMID- 1232048 TI - Errors made in the comprehension of simple active declarative sentences by children. PMID- 1232049 TI - Sonagraphic and auditory analysis of dysarthria in a case of Steele-Olzewski Richardson syndrome. PMID- 1232050 TI - [Psychopharmacological therapy in children and adolescents in the field of phoniatrics]. PMID- 1232051 TI - [Assessment of the degree of severity of voice disorders]. PMID- 1232053 TI - Pyogenic bone and joint infection: treatment with closed irrigation and suction. PMID- 1232052 TI - Sporotrichosis in Assam. PMID- 1232054 TI - Dubin-Johnson syndrome (report of 5 cases). PMID- 1232055 TI - Treatment of diseases during antenatal period with reference to drugs to be avoided. PMID- 1232056 TI - Deoxyribonuclease in buffalo and cattle bull semen. PMID- 1232057 TI - The behaviour of oestrus cycle in buffaloes. PMID- 1232058 TI - Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity in Indian forage plants. PMID- 1232059 TI - Immune response in human subjects at high altitude. PMID- 1232060 TI - Blood coagulation and immunological changes associated with frostbit: at high altitude. PMID- 1232061 TI - Responses of calves to a simulated altitude of 5000 m. PMID- 1232062 TI - [The effects of meteorologic factors on blood magnesium in man]. PMID- 1232063 TI - Micrometeorological factors involved in development and survival of free-living stages of the sheep nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. A review. PMID- 1232064 TI - A comparative study on sweating pattern and heat tolerance. A field study on residents of Okinawa in summer. PMID- 1232065 TI - A study of the biological effects of certain ELF electromagnetic fields. PMID- 1232066 TI - Effects of the Sharav and Bora on urinary neurohormone excretion in 500 weather sensitive females. PMID- 1232067 TI - [Sensation of cold in a spruce forest]. PMID- 1232068 TI - Circadian activity of the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, in continuous darkness and continuous illumination. PMID- 1232069 TI - Effect of photoperiods on feed intake rhythms of domestic fowl. PMID- 1232070 TI - The pineal gland and geographical distribution of animals. PMID- 1232071 TI - Continuous light and physiology of Arctic birds and mammals. PMID- 1232072 TI - Biological peroxidation of lipids and membranes. PMID- 1232073 TI - Unreliability of half-list discrimination tests. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the reliability of the half-list forms of the CID W-22 and the NU no. 6 auditory discrimination tests with both normally hearing and sensorineurally impaired subjects. For each group of subjects, both the first half-lists and the whole-lists were scored. Analysis of the data indicated that the half-list forms of the tests were not as reliable as sometimes suggested in the literature. Further, the half-list form of the NU no. 6 was demonstrated to be not as reliable as the half-list form of the CID W-22 even before the correction coefficient was applied. PMID- 1232074 TI - Narrow band noise audiometry: the effect of filter slope. AB - Children with sharply sloping audiometric configurations were examined audiometrically using pure tones and narrow bands of noise with equivalent bandwidths but varying in filter slope. Thresholds were established at the octave frequencies from 500 to 5000 Hz. The results indicated more sensitive thresholds for narrow bands of noise with threshold sensitivity improving progressively as filter slope decreased. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 1232075 TI - Performance of noise-induced hearing-impaired listeners on time-compressed consonant-nucleus-consonant monosyllables. AB - The effects of time compression on the intelligibility of consonant-nucleus consonant (CNC) monosyllables was investigated by presenting six conditions of a time-compressed versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test no. 6; at four sensation levels, to nine subjects with noise-induced sensorineural hearing impairments. Results indicated that intelligibility gradually decreased as the ratio of time compression increased, with a dramatic breakdown at the highest ratio of time compression. A typical roll-over phenomenon was also found. Results are related to data on normal listeners. PMID- 1232076 TI - Sickle cell anemia: audiological findings. AB - The investigation was conducted to determine if there are any characteristic manifestations detectable in the auditory system having some connection with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Hearing loss is easily subjected to analysis and appeared to offer objectivity in probing for possible communicative complications affecting individuals with SCA symptomatology. Employing standardized procedures" the hearing acuity of 10 adult male subjects with sicke cell anemia was examined. Six subjects reported hemolytic crises and evenly separated into short and long period-to-period episodes. Upon comparison all threshold responses of subjects with 1-6-month recurrence rates were consistently poorer than those experiencing 12-36-month cycles. Because there seems to be more fluctuation with more frequent crises, sensorineural deficits in the high frequencies and high short increment sensitivity index (SISI) scores may quite possibly be related to cochlear thrombosis in microcirculations. Further experimentation should first identify those tests and testing patterns most sensitive to the suspected "crises" connected hearing impairment. PMID- 1232077 TI - The use of visual stimuli during auditory assessment. AB - Two groups of male subjects beyond 50 years of age were given audiometric tasks with and without visual stimulation to determine if visual stimuli changed auditory perception. The first group consisted of 10 subjects with normal auditory acuity; the second, 10 with sensorineural hearing losses greater than 30 decibels. The rate of presentation of the visual stimuli, consisting of photographic slides of various subjects, was determined in experiment I of the study. The subjects, while viewing the slides at their own rate, took an audiotry speech discrimination test. Advisedly they changed the slides at a speed which they felt facilitated attention while performing the auditory task. The mean rate of slide-changing behavior was used as the "optimum" visual stimulation rate in experiment II, which was designed to explore the interaction of the bisensory presentation of stimuli. Bekesy tracings and Rush Hughes recordings were administered without and with visual stimuli, the latter presented at the mean rate of slide changes found in experiment I. Analysis of data indicated that (1) no statistically significant difference exists between visual and nonvisual conditions during speech discrimination and Bekesy testing; and (2) subjects did not believe that visual stimuli as presented in this study helped them to listen more effectively. The experimenter concluded that the various auditory stimuli encountered in the auditory test situation may actually be a deterrent to boredom because of the variety of tasks required in a testing situation. PMID- 1232079 TI - The effects of duration, frequency, and loudness upon the reproduction of temporal intervals. AB - Subjects (five normal hearing graduate students in the Department of Audiology) were asked to reproduce temporal intervals of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 sec. The intervals were filled with pure tones at frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz and at loudness levels of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 phons. The reproductions were transformed into the ratio DT/T, where DT represents the difference-time between the stimulus duration and the duration of the reproduction, and T represents the stimulus duration. It was found that neither frequency nor loudness had any significant effect upon the ability to reproduce the durations. The only significant variable was duration. There were no significant interactions among the variables. On the average, the durations of 1 and 3 sec were overestimated and the durations of 7 and 9 sec were overestimated. The duration of 5 sec was neither overestimated nor underestimated, the indifference point falling at 4.90 sec. PMID- 1232078 TI - A comparison of the effects of sedatives on the auditory evoked cortical response. AB - Several sedatives were selected that were judged to be amenable for routine clinical use in electroencephalic response audiometry (ERA). These sedatives were investigated to determine which were most effective for ERA; the relationship between sleep stages and the auditory evoked cortical response (AECR), the reliability of the AECR in sleep, and whether either the early or late response was more consistent or detectable during sedation. The early response was evoked by tone pips with a 10-musec rise-decay time and an acoustic duration of 5 msec. Tone pips were presented at a rate of 8 per sec and an averaged response was based upon 1500 stimulus presentations. The late response was evoked by tone bursts centered at 1000 Hz with a 10-msec rise-decay time and an acoustic duration of 150 msec. All tone pips and tone bursts were presented at 40 dB sensation level. Eleven normal hearing adults were selected as subjects who demonstrated clear and consistent eerly and late AECR's while awake and in natural sleep. Early and late responses were analyzed to determine the percentage of detectable responses, and amplitude and latency under all sedatives and different sleep stages. The results showed that nonbarbiturates and sleep stage 2 and 3 were more effective for ERA. PMID- 1232080 TI - The president's page. Apologia et manifesto. PMID- 1232081 TI - Assessment of the correlations of diabetic vascular complications. PMID- 1232082 TI - Congenital coronary arterial anomalies with ischaemia and report of a case of arterio-venous fistula. PMID- 1232083 TI - Defective metabolic responses of the adipose tissue in obesity. PMID- 1232084 TI - A reconsideration of pathogenic mechanisms in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: report of eleven cases. PMID- 1232085 TI - A comparative study on the effect of repeated application of Bayer 73 and Mollutox on Biomphalaria alexandrina. PMID- 1232086 TI - Treatment of ulcer bladder with asiaticoside. PMID- 1232087 TI - The polyanthelmintic efficacy of levamisole. PMID- 1232088 TI - Secondary mallignant tumours of heart and pericardium. PMID- 1232089 TI - [Environmentally affected differentiation of dendrite spines of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampus (CA 1)]. AB - Three groups of newborn WISTAR-rats were exposed to different environmental influences. The first group was raised in darkness from birth onwards, the second was permanently subjected to noise immediately after birth, while the third group (controls) was reared under normal laboratory conditions. The animals of all three groups were killed on the 15th day after birth and handled by a modified Golgi-Kopsch method. Then the distribution of spines on apical dendrites of CA 1 neurons of the hippocampus was investigated. For apical dendrites of a comparable length the mean number of spines per 50 mum as well as the mean total of spines on the apical dendrite was evaluated. Rats reared in darkness show significantly less spines on the apical dendrites of CA 1-neurons in comparison with the control animals. Rats permanently subjected to noise, on the contrary, have significantly more spines in comparison with the controls (total number of spines on the apical dendrite is 89,8 +/- 10,2 in the control animals, 55,0 +/- 16,6 in the animals reared in darkness, and 125,8 +/- 29,4 in the animals subjected to noise). The changes involve the whole apical dendrite; extreme changes in the individual segments of the apical dendrite were not observed. The results suggest that environmental factors have an influence on the differentiation of central neurons, which is not restricted to the specific analyzer concerned. PMID- 1232090 TI - [Morphological study of hippocampal development in cell and explant cultures]. AB - Cell-and explantatcultures from hippocampal region of embryonal rats and newborn rats were cultivated up to 4 weeks. Pyramidal neurons, multiformed neurons and granule cells were observed in the explantatcultures. In the cellcultures were observed small and big Neurons after 4 weeks in vitro. Mantenance and differentiation of cellcultures are possible only by showing in at least 60 000 cells/ml. The Morphology of neurons in vitro was related to in vivo. PMID- 1232091 TI - [Comparative quantitative study on brains of wild and laboratory rats. I. Comparison of volume of total brain and classical brain parts]. AB - The intraspecific allometric relation between brain weight and body weight of wild Norway rats and laboratory rats was gained from sufficient material. The intraspecific allometry exponent a=0.25, being typical for mammals, also came out as a result for Norway and laboratory rats. But laboratory rats have 8.3% less brain substance at a comparable body weight. This decrease in brain size was interpreted as an adaption to the specific conditions of domestication and discussed accordingly. Futhermore the fresh volumes of the fundamental brain parts telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, neocortex, corpus striatum and allocortex were ascertained by means of serial sections of 8 Norway and 8 laboratory rats, and they were compared with each other by their average brain proporationing. Consequently, differently strong reduction intensities in the sizes of these brain parts from 1.6% (medulla oblongata) to 12.5% (neocortex) became evident. The high reduction values of corpus striatum (10.9%) and cerebellum (10.3%) were especially remarkable. They almost reached the same degree as the forebrain (10.6%). The size reduction of the measured brain parts of rats, caused by domestication were compared with the results of other domestic mammals and discussed accordingly. PMID- 1232092 TI - [Comparative quantitative study on brains of wild and laboratory rats. II. Comparison of size of allocortical brain centers]. AB - The size of allocortical regions in the telencephalon of 8 wild Norway rats and 8 laboratory rats of different body size were measured by means of serial sections at equal intervals. On the intraspecific allometric relation between brain size and body size differences in size of the measured structures between wild and domestic animals came out as a result. The olfactory regions of the allocortex in totality were 5.9% smaller in laboratory than in Norway rats. Included in this were, however, size increase of the structures bulbus olfactorius and tuberculum olfactorium as well as size decrease to a different degree of the other olfactory centers. Compared with this all limbic structures showed clearly decrease in size. In totally they were reduced to 9.6% from Norway to laboratory rats. The highest reduction values were found in the adjoining structures of the archicortex and the schizocortex. Equivalent reduction intensities of 10.2% could be established for the main centers of the hippocampus formation (cornuammonis; fascia dentata). The different rates of reduction intensity were interpreted as due to the special environmental changes caused by domestication. They seem to be related to behavioral changes. PMID- 1232093 TI - [Primary visual centers in Protopterus dolloi Boulenger]. AB - Modifications of the Nauta's method (Fink-Heimer, Ebbesson-Heimer) were used to study the optic centers and pathways of rotoperus dolloi following unilateral enucleation. After ablation, animals were kept at 25degrees C from 6 to 51 days. We saw optimum degenerescences from 10 to 13 days of postoperatory life. Retinofugal fibers are completely crossed. The projections to necleus preopticus and hypothalamus seem to be bi-lateral. The mean primary optic centers are: the thalamic neuropil which is may be homologous with the Bellonci's neuropil in Amphilbia; the pretectal and tectal neuropils; the neuropil of the basal optic root. Results obtained in Protopterus can be compared with our knowledges in Amphibia. PMID- 1232094 TI - Contribution to the study of 150 cases of cerebral metastases. II. Neuropathological study. AB - This study deals with the morphology of 150 cases of cerebral metastases. They are, for the most part, associated to other cases of metastases elsewhere in the body (96.7%). A histological study shows that the nervous parenchyma is more frequently invaded by expansion than infiltration; the majority of metastases settle in the grey matter or where the white matter meets the cortex. There is no predominance for one of the two hemispheres. The frequency of metastases in the various lobes is proportionate to their respective volumes. In 30% of the cases, there is only one single metastasis; these are then, very often, tumours from the digestive tract and from the breast. Usually they are large, and especially if they originate from the digestive tract. Single metastases are three times more frequent in the brain than in the cerebellum. In 10% of the cases, only the cerebellum is affected by metastases. Breast tumours are by far the most frequent kind of tumor to invade the dura. The widely accepted principle that the brain is invaded by means of the arteries is confirmed by our series, where no document shows an illustration in support of the venous theory. In most cases, the metastases are of the same histological type as the primary tumour. More or less deep necroses are found quite often. These disorders of vascular permeability explain fairly clearly the varying responses of the environing nervous tissue to the tumours invasion, particularly in the presence of hemorrhages. When they are voluminous, they may clinically have appeared in the form of an ictus. These hemorrhages occur preferably in the white matter. Necroses are sometimes cavitary, their centre being taken up by a necrosis of liquefaction, surrounded by a more or less continuous neoplastic border. The most frequent inflammatory reaction is lymphoplasmocytarian, particularly accentuated on the periphery of the metastasis and in the neighbouring meninges. Oedema predominates in the white matter. They nearly always lead to demyelinization, with its aftermath of granulofatty bodies or astrocytarian reactions. Fibrosis is also frequent, it is intra-metastatic and in direct relationship with the tumour's histological type; it is more rarely perimetastatic, developing from the vascular mesenchyma. The vascular changes constitute one of the most constant peri-metastatic parenchymatous alterations. They may appear in the form of vascular ectasia or neoformations of vessels, the most characteristic aspect of which is the formation of vascular glomerules. These undergo a very quick evolution and are indubitably linked to the degree of malignancy. PMID- 1232095 TI - Brain stem vascular lesions affecting alertness and responsiveness. PMID- 1232096 TI - Incidence and significance of clinical signs of brainstem traumatic lesions. Study of 2600 head injured patients. PMID- 1232097 TI - The use of BCNU in chemotherapy of tumors of the central nervous system. PMID- 1232098 TI - Intracranial pressure in adult non-tumoral hydrocephalus. AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored continuously for 48 hours in four patients with different types of non-tumoral adult hydrocephalus and classificated according to ICP recordings. It is emphasized that ICP monitoring is essential in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), since its possible to observe abnormal pressure recordings with morphological alterations which can be accompanied or not by periods of raised ICP. It is suggested that this method may help identify cases suitable for surgery. PMID- 1232100 TI - [Diagnostic radiology today and tomorrow]. PMID- 1232099 TI - Correlations between C.S.F. alterations and the number of reoperations in ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. PMID- 1232101 TI - [Angiotomographic symptomatology in cerebral tumors]. PMID- 1232102 TI - [Osteosclerosis. Anatomo-pathologic approach]. PMID- 1232103 TI - [Congenital osteosclerosis with early manifestation in childhood]. PMID- 1232104 TI - [Dysmetabolic osteosclerosis in children]. PMID- 1232105 TI - [Osteosclerosis in chronic renal insufficiency in children]. PMID- 1232106 TI - [Infantile inflammatory osteosclerosis]. PMID- 1232107 TI - [Neoplastic osteosclerosis in children]. PMID- 1232108 TI - [Clinical and experimental experiences with radiography of osteopathy caused by anticonvulsive drugs]. PMID- 1232109 TI - [The osteosclerosis of Paget's disease]. PMID- 1232110 TI - [Angiotomography and arteriovenous vertebral fistulae]. PMID- 1232111 TI - [Angiotomography in the diagnosis of capsular cerebral hemorrhages]. PMID- 1232112 TI - [Osteosclerosis in leprosy]. PMID- 1232113 TI - [Osteocondensing form of multiple myelomas]. PMID- 1232114 TI - [Perspectives towards advancing our knowledge of complications caused by water soluble iodized contrast media]. PMID- 1232115 TI - [Statistical report on mild complications of contrast media in cholangiography]. PMID- 1232116 TI - [Complications of water-soluble iodized contrast media]. PMID- 1232117 TI - [Effects and complications of water-soluble iodized contrast media in the digestive tract]. PMID- 1232118 TI - [Reactions to contrast media: rapid injection in 7,000 intravenous urographies]. PMID- 1232119 TI - [Complications of water-soluble contrast media. Influence of dosage and age]. PMID- 1232120 TI - [Factors to consider in the final result of a reaction to water-soluble contrast media and their influence in statistics]. PMID- 1232121 TI - [Has the technic of urography by perfusion, in comparison with standard urography, reduced the percentage of complications?]. PMID- 1232122 TI - [Prevention of complications of intolerance to iodized contrast media during intravenous urographies]. PMID- 1232123 TI - [Prevention of side effects of water-soluble iodized contrast media (in radiologic exploration of the urinary tract by the descending route)]. PMID- 1232124 TI - [Prevention of complications of perfusion cholangiography. Comparison between corticoids and tranexamic acid]. PMID- 1232125 TI - [Medico-legal responsibilities in complications induced by organic-iodized contrast media]. PMID- 1232126 TI - [Medico-legal responsibilities in complications of iodized contrast media according to legislation of Latin Countries]. PMID- 1232127 TI - [Current problems of improving the quality of the x-ray image]. PMID- 1232128 TI - [Short summary of the development of opaque visceral contrastography, in particular hepatography. Personal contributions]. PMID- 1232129 TI - [Current indications and limitations of magnification to 0.1 focus]. PMID- 1232130 TI - [Value of direct magnification with micro-focus in cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 1232131 TI - [Physical origin of silhouettes in radiology]. PMID- 1232132 TI - [Xeroradiographic method: progress in the formation of the radiologic image]. PMID- 1232133 TI - [Treatment of the radiographic image with radiochemical procedures]. PMID- 1232134 TI - [Dimuntion of the quantitative noise of the silver detector by use of colored pigments]. PMID- 1232135 TI - [Comparison between static and dynamic noise in x-ray images]. PMID- 1232136 TI - [Radiologic image enhancement. Color and 3d dimension. Personal contributions to direct methods]. PMID- 1232137 TI - [The multi-colored x-ray image]. PMID- 1232138 TI - [Trans-splenic hepatography]. PMID- 1232139 TI - [The printed x-ray image]. PMID- 1232140 TI - [Technical conditions and common aspects of the lung in the aged]. PMID- 1232141 TI - [The lung in the aged. Bronchographic study]. PMID- 1232142 TI - [Radiologic study of the pulmonary arterial circulation in the aged]. PMID- 1232143 TI - [Anatomical significance of radiologic aspects of the senile lung: pulmonary sclerosis]. PMID- 1232144 TI - [Physiology of respiration in aged subjects]. PMID- 1232145 TI - [The lung in the aged. Clinical and radiologic functional study]. PMID- 1232146 TI - [Radiologic study of the pulmonary circulation. Functional radiology of the thorax in the aged]. PMID- 1232147 TI - [The lung in the aged. Radioisotope study and functional characteristics]. PMID- 1232148 TI - [Ventilo-perfusion study with radioactive xenon]. PMID- 1232149 TI - [Influence of age on regional lung function]. PMID- 1232150 TI - [Lung clearance of polydispersed particles of colloidal Au-198]. PMID- 1232152 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 1232151 TI - [The lung in the aged. Unusual radiologic aspects and morbid predispositions]. PMID- 1232153 TI - [Comparative value of transhepatic percutaneous cholangiography and angiography of tumors of the biliary tract and pancreas]. PMID- 1232154 TI - [Critical evaluation of angiography in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1232155 TI - [Contribution of angiography in portal hypertention]. PMID- 1232156 TI - [Contribution of arterioportography in portal hypertension]. PMID- 1232157 TI - [Value and role of angiography in contusions of the abdomen]. PMID- 1232158 TI - [Critical analysis of angiography in liver injuries]. PMID- 1232159 TI - [Choice of method of image recording in selective coronarography]. PMID- 1232160 TI - [Technical progress in selective coronarography. Automatic injection of contrast media]. PMID- 1232161 TI - [Radiologic anatomy and nomenclature]. PMID- 1232162 TI - [Symptomatology and diagnosis in coronarography]. PMID- 1232163 TI - [Anatomic bases of coronarographic images]. PMID- 1232164 TI - [Indications for coronary arteriography]. PMID- 1232165 TI - [Angiographic exploration of the coronary vessels with assisted circulation by diagnostic counterpulsation. Apropos of 16 patients]. PMID- 1232166 TI - [Calculated risk in coronarography]. PMID- 1232167 TI - [Angiographic inventory after surgery for myocardial revascularization (venous bypass or internal mammary anastomosis)]. PMID- 1232168 TI - [Quantitative left ventriculography in the study of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1232169 TI - [A new simple method for determining the ejection fraction by left ventriculography]. PMID- 1232170 TI - [Gammographic study in myocardial infarct and ventricular aneurysms]. PMID- 1232171 TI - [Scintigraphic study of myocardial perfusion with labeled microspheres, in coronary disease]. PMID- 1232172 TI - [Cardiac scintigraphy by use of absorbable radioactive microparticles]. PMID- 1232173 TI - [Statistical evaluation of the results of cerebral scintigraphy]. PMID- 1232175 TI - [Clinical study of mechanisms of fixation of radioisotopes in 33 brain lesions by comparative use of I-131 Na and radio-iodinated serum albumin]. PMID- 1232174 TI - [Cerebral scintigraphy. Analysis of 1,500 cases]. PMID- 1232176 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cerebral scintigraphic foci with Se-75-selenite]. PMID- 1232177 TI - [Scintigraphic results obtained in the study of neoplasms of the central nervous system with various radio-compounds]. PMID- 1232178 TI - [Benign tumoral lesions of the liver. Value of hepatotomography in in the framework of para-clinical studies]. PMID- 1232179 TI - [Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Anatomic bases and physiopathologic conditions observed with radioisotopes]. PMID- 1232180 TI - [Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 1232181 TI - [Plasma levels of I 131-HSA in isotope cisternography]. PMID- 1232182 TI - [Isotope myelocisternography in the diagnosis of neurosurgical lesions]. PMID- 1232183 TI - [Cerebral angioscintigraphy]. PMID- 1232184 TI - [Introduction and technical problems of cerebral angiotomography]. PMID- 1232185 TI - [Cerebral angioscintiphotography]. PMID- 1232186 TI - [Cerebral angioscintigraphy]. PMID- 1232187 TI - [Contributions of cerebral angioscintigraphy and scintigraphy to the differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1232188 TI - [Indications, limitations and comparative value of hepatography, selective arteriography, scintigraphy and echotomography in diagnosis of benign tumors of the liver]. PMID- 1232189 TI - [Breast radiology]. PMID- 1232190 TI - [Definition of the spicular image of breast cancers]. PMID- 1232191 TI - [Use of contrast media in the x-ray diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 1232192 TI - [Telethermography in the diagnosis of breast cancers]. PMID- 1232193 TI - [Comparative informative value of telethermography (infrared) and contact thermography (liquid crystals) in the study of the breast]. PMID- 1232195 TI - [Physical methods of surveillance of irradiated breast cancers]. PMID- 1232194 TI - [Echography of breast epitheliomas before and after treatment]. PMID- 1232196 TI - [Surveillance by mammography of irradiated breast cancers]. PMID- 1232197 TI - [Role of dynamic telethermography after curative radiotherapy of breast cancers]. PMID- 1232198 TI - [Harmonization of images in radiology of the breast]. PMID- 1232199 TI - [Hepatography by umbilical route]. PMID- 1232200 TI - [Breast xerography]. PMID- 1232201 TI - [Problems posed byuse of organo-iodized contrast media]. PMID- 1232202 TI - [Urography in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1232203 TI - [Perfusional diagnostic urography in primary glomerular nephropathies with various degrees of renal insufficiency verified by transcutaneous kidney biopsy]. PMID- 1232204 TI - [Intravenous urography in chronic renal insufficiency in children]. PMID- 1232205 TI - [Urography in chronic renal insufficiency in congenital malformations of the urinary tract in childhood]. PMID- 1232206 TI - [Diagnosis of renal insufficiency in aged patients]. PMID- 1232207 TI - [Contribution of angiography in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1232208 TI - [Diagnosis by radioisotopes]. PMID- 1232209 TI - [Osteodystrophy in chronic renal insufficiency. Clinical, histologic, radiologic and radioisotope study]. PMID- 1232210 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis in patients with renal insufficiency and patients under dialysis]. PMID- 1232211 TI - [Radiologic surveillance of children under chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 1232212 TI - [Radiologic study of patients in treatment by dialysis]. PMID- 1232213 TI - [Biochemical aspects of the neoplastic cell in relation to the use of positive indicators]. PMID- 1232214 TI - [Incorporation of various positive indicators in cultures of normal cells and those transformed by oncogenic viruses]. PMID- 1232215 TI - [Scintigraphy with tumor tracer by programming of radiotherapy in lung neoplasms]. PMID- 1232216 TI - [Use of mercury bichloride (Hg-197 Cl-2) in the study of pseudotumoral lung diseases]. PMID- 1232217 TI - [Gallium 67 citrate as a tumor tracer]. PMID- 1232218 TI - [Use of gallium in diagnosis in oncology. Clinico-statistical report]. PMID- 1232219 TI - [Se 75-selenite in the diagnosis of lung tumors. Specificity and biologic problems]. PMID- 1232220 TI - [Angiotomography of the vertebro-basilar circulation. Normal anatomy]. PMID- 1232221 TI - [Technic of perfusion cholecystography compared with i.v. cholecystography. Which has a lower percentage of complications?]. PMID- 1232222 TI - [Angiotomographic study of cerebrovascular malformations]. PMID- 1232223 TI - [Role of dynamic telethermography in sarcomas of the bone and soft tissues]. PMID- 1232224 TI - [Thermography of malignant bone tumors]. PMID- 1232225 TI - [Role of thermography in gynecology]. PMID- 1232226 TI - [Role of thermography in the study of thyroid nodules]. PMID- 1232227 TI - [Role of dynamic telethermography in malignant skin melanomas]. PMID- 1232228 TI - [Role of thermography in noncancerous diseases of the breast]. PMID- 1232229 TI - [Role of telethermography in vascular pathology. Arteritis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 1232231 TI - [Criteria of benignity of breast lesions]. PMID- 1232230 TI - [Mammography and thermography in the diagnosis of breast lesions]. PMID- 1232232 TI - [Radiographic and endoscopic technics of study of the cephalo-pancreatic region. Introduction]. PMID- 1232233 TI - [Contribution of duodenoscopy to the evaluation of radiologic abnormalities of diseases of the duodenum and pancreas]. PMID- 1232234 TI - [Role of hypotonic duodenography in the diagnosis of cephalo-pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 1232235 TI - [Cholangiography of the lower choledochus. Technic and errors]. PMID- 1232236 TI - [Transparieto-hepatic cholangiography in pathology of the cephalo-pancreatic region]. PMID- 1232237 TI - [Contribution of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in the diagnosis of diseases of the duodeno-bilio-pancreatic junction]. PMID- 1232238 TI - [Angiotomography in study of cerebral aneurysms]. PMID- 1232239 TI - [Angiotomography of the vertebro-basilar circulation: malformative and tumoral pathology]. PMID- 1232240 TI - [Problems of differential diagnosis of pancreatic stenosis, particularly in consideration of the choledochus]. PMID- 1232241 TI - [Selective angiography in diseases of the cephalo-pancreatic region]. PMID- 1232242 TI - [Angiotomography in the study of the pancreatic head]. PMID- 1232243 TI - [Scintigraphy of the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 1232244 TI - [Personal experience with the diagnostic possibilities of pancreatic scintigraphy]. PMID- 1232245 TI - [Ultrasonic exploration of the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 1232246 TI - [Comparative considerations apropos of scintigraphic, arteriographic and retrograde ductographic responses in the pathology of the pancreas]. PMID- 1232247 TI - [Osteosclerosis. Introduction]. PMID- 1232248 TI - [High energy radiography (4 MV). Practical results]. PMID- 1232249 TI - [Spacial localization of the lymphatic chains by restitution of stereoradiograms]. PMID- 1232250 TI - [Diagnostic procedure in radiology. Theoretical model and experimental research]. PMID- 1232251 TI - [Scintigraphis localization of tumors, Statistical analysis of results obtained with Ga67-citrate and Hg197Cl2]. PMID- 1232252 TI - [Use of ampliphotography (spot camera) in radiographic diagnosis]. PMID- 1232253 TI - [Orthopanradiography of the skeleton]. PMID- 1232254 TI - [Our experiences with thoracic tomography in oblique incidences]. PMID- 1232255 TI - [Bronchial brushing in distal pulmonary lesions]. PMID- 1232256 TI - [Selective bronchial arteriography in the diagnosis of lung cancers]. PMID- 1232257 TI - [Radiology of a thrombo-embolitic infarction of the lung (70 cases)]. PMID- 1232258 TI - [Radiologic signs of "fluid lung" during chronic renal insufficiency and changes after treatment]. PMID- 1232260 TI - [Functional and radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 1232259 TI - [Possibilities of radiologic examination in respiratory insufficiency of the newborn infant]. PMID- 1232261 TI - [Uncommon manifestations of endothoracic hydatidosis]. PMID- 1232262 TI - [Possibilities of radiologic differentiation of surgically verified mediastinal tumors. Radio-anatomical observations]. PMID- 1232263 TI - [Cardiopulmonary complications in chronic uremic states]. PMID- 1232264 TI - [Respiratory manifestations in collagen diseases]. PMID- 1232265 TI - [Morphologic-functional x-ray diagnosis of pneumoconioses]. PMID- 1232266 TI - [Radiopelvimetry]. PMID- 1232267 TI - [Pneumo-pelvi-hystero-salpingography]. PMID- 1232268 TI - [Results obtained in obstetrics by routine use of echotomography]. PMID- 1232270 TI - [Radiologic visualization of the Malpighi-Gartner canals during hysterosalpingography]. PMID- 1232269 TI - [Hypogastric arteriography in neoplastic pathology of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 1232271 TI - [Application of plate thermography to the study of the placenta. Symptomology and future prospects]. PMID- 1232272 TI - [Value of axial tomography in cranio-facial study]. PMID- 1232273 TI - [Functional radiologic study of the soft palate]. PMID- 1232274 TI - [Morphologic aspects of neoplastic localizations of the aero-digestive tract]. PMID- 1232275 TI - [The aerodigestive passage. Neoplastic pathology. Morphologic and functional aspects]. PMID- 1232276 TI - [Radiocinematographic study of deglutition and phonation in patients after recontructive laryngectomy with crico-hyoido-pexy]. PMID- 1232277 TI - [New method of direct trancutaneous laryngography]. PMID- 1232278 TI - [Technic of correlation between laryngography and laryngeal endoscopy. Study of a surgical specimen and histologic analysis]. PMID- 1232279 TI - [Correlation between scintographic aspects of thyroid nodules and incidence of malignant tumors]. PMID- 1232280 TI - [Thyroid and parathyroid angiography]. PMID- 1232281 TI - [Anotomo-radiologic study of the inferior thyroid arteries. Value in the diagnosis of parathyroid adenomas]. PMID- 1232282 TI - [Sialography and sialotomography]. PMID- 1232283 TI - [Sialography and scintigraphy in the study of the salivary glands]. PMID- 1232284 TI - [Studies of renal function with radioactive tracers. Calculation of effective renal plasma flow in each kidney separately]. PMID- 1232285 TI - [Studies on kidney function with radioactive tracers. Derivation of a curve of hippuran elimination and separation of components of uptake and renal secretion of the tracer]. PMID- 1232286 TI - [Intravenous urography with high doses of contrast media in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1232287 TI - [Use of radionuclides in the study of renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1232288 TI - [Renal angiography by venous route in its principal clinical applications]. PMID- 1232290 TI - [Angiography and renin determination in the diagnosis of renal hypertension]. PMID- 1232289 TI - [Correlation between renal arteriography and renin levels in patients with hypertension]. PMID- 1232291 TI - [X-ray examination in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1232292 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of acute abscess of the kidney]. PMID- 1232293 TI - [Angiographic importance of various aspects of renal tumors]. PMID- 1232294 TI - [Radiologic examinations of 1,382 urologic cases]. PMID- 1232295 TI - [Pseudoneoplastic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1232296 TI - [Tumors and pseudotumors of the bladder in children]. PMID- 1232297 TI - [Ureterocele in children]. PMID- 1232298 TI - [Contribution of radiologic research to the classification of bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 1232299 TI - [Diagnositc value of angiographic examination of bladder tumors]. PMID- 1232300 TI - [Radiologic study of the posterior ureter]. PMID- 1232301 TI - [Scintigraphy of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 1232302 TI - [Angiography of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 1232303 TI - [Adrenal phlebography in primary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 1232304 TI - [Selective arteriography in the study of the adrenals]. PMID- 1232305 TI - [Retrogrograde x-ray of Wirsung's duct. Personal data]. PMID- 1232306 TI - [Technics of descending opacification of the common bile duct in icterogenic diseases of the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 1232307 TI - [Pancreatic scintigraphy and secretin-pancreozymin test in the functional exploration of the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 1232308 TI - [Scintographic changes in the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 1232309 TI - [Pancreatic scintigraphy with the gamma camera; analysis of the results of 300 examinations]. PMID- 1232310 TI - [Arteriography in the evaluation of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 1232311 TI - [Angiographic evaluation of the portal system after mesenterico-caval anastomosis]. PMID- 1232313 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of hypovascular lesions of the liver]. PMID- 1232312 TI - [Correlations of angiographic and scintographic data in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 1232314 TI - [Contribution of scintigraphy in liver injuries]. PMID- 1232315 TI - [Arterio-hepatography in the study of intrahepatic tumors]. PMID- 1232316 TI - [Echotomography of the upper abdomen. Indications and results in the study of the vesiculo-pancreatic region]. PMID- 1232317 TI - [Cholecysto-cholangiography. Opacification by 2 routes. Statistics of 300 cases in 5 years without complications]. PMID- 1232318 TI - [Very slow cholangiography in hyperbilirubinemia and chronic diseases of the liver]. PMID- 1232319 TI - [Inflammation of the common bile duct and Oddi's sphincter. Diagnostic problems in pre- and intraoperative cholangiographies (relationship established by 10 years of radio-surgical collaboration]. PMID- 1232320 TI - [Critical evaluation of the pre- and peroperative study of the biliary tract in common bile duct lithiasis]. PMID- 1232321 TI - [Value of scintigraphy with rose bengal in the diagnosis of jaundice. Experience in 73 surgically verified cases]. PMID- 1232323 TI - [Radiologic and morphologic changes in the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome]. PMID- 1232322 TI - [Scintigraphy with F18 in nontraumatic avascular bone necrosis of the femoral head with special mention of patients under high-dose corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 1232324 TI - [Clinical and radiographic study on the variability and course of arthro-osteo onychodysplasia]. PMID- 1232325 TI - [Congenital and acquired osteosclerosis]. PMID- 1232326 TI - [Thalassemia]. PMID- 1232327 TI - [Cystercercosis]. PMID- 1232328 TI - [Radiological aspects of chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 1232329 TI - [Present importance of renal osteodystrophy. Physiopathogenic summary and elementary bone radiologic changes]. PMID- 1232330 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of radiodiagnosis in uremic osteodystrophy]. PMID- 1232331 TI - [Radiology of skeletal changes in chronic renal insufficiency patients undergoing hemodialysis]. PMID- 1232332 TI - [Systematic radiographic control of patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing treatment by dialysis]. PMID- 1232333 TI - [Results of radiographic screening in chronic renal insufficiency patients treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 1232334 TI - [Possibility of evaluation of renal osteodystrophy by radiologic examination with optic enhancement of the metacarpo-phalangeal segments]. PMID- 1232335 TI - [Application of a densitometric method in the surveillance of osteodystophies in patients on periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 1232336 TI - [Metastatic calcifications in patients under periodic dialysis]. PMID- 1232337 TI - [Discovertebral lesions during psoriatic spondylarthritis]. PMID- 1232338 TI - [Clinical and radiologic aspects of osteoarticular lesions due to the use of vibrating instruments]. PMID- 1232339 TI - [Echotomography of the abdomen in the radiotherapy of lymphatic, abdominal and retroperitoneal masses]A]. PMID- 1232340 TI - [Echotomography of the upper abdomen. Technical and methodologic principles. Methodologic situation in relation to x-ray examination]. PMID- 1232341 TI - [Abdominal opaque organotomography]. PMID- 1232342 TI - [Abdominal tomocontrastography]. PMID- 1232343 TI - [Abdominal arteriography in children]. PMID- 1232344 TI - [Technic, role and present results of duodenography in the pathology of the duodeno-bilio-pancreatic region]. PMID- 1232345 TI - [Study of the cephalo-pancreatic area by hypotonic duodenography]. PMID- 1232346 TI - [Changes in the medial profile of the duodenum following a process of inflammatory origin of the pancreas]. PMID- 1232347 TI - [Radiologic aspects of the duodenum in malignant tumors of Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 1232348 TI - [Value of arteriography in abdominal claudication]. PMID- 1232349 TI - [Megaesophagus]. PMID- 1232350 TI - [Routine double contrast method in radiodiagnosis of the digestive tract]. PMID- 1232351 TI - [Radiologic examination of the stomach by the double contrast method]. PMID- 1232352 TI - [Diagnosis by double contrast of the duodenum]. PMID- 1232353 TI - [Present role of pharmacoradiology of the digestive system]. PMID- 1232354 TI - [Correlation of radiology, endoscopy and biopsy in the pathology of the gastric fundus]. PMID- 1232356 TI - [Value and limitations of mammography in the radiodiagnosis of breast cancer with particular considerations of symptomatic radiographic value and the surveillance of irradiated cancers]. PMID- 1232355 TI - [Endoscopic discordances and concordances in gastroduodenal radiodiagnosis]. PMID- 1232357 TI - [Radiography of the breast in the diagnosis of cancer. Possibilities- limitations]. PMID- 1232358 TI - [Value of diaphanoscopy in the diagnosis of breast lesions]. PMID- 1232359 TI - [Scintigraphy with Tc99m pertechnetate in the diagnosis of breast tumors]. PMID- 1232360 TI - [Inventory of so-called "occult" breast cancers]. PMID- 1232361 TI - [Hamartomas of the breast]. PMID- 1232362 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of cholesteric plates in breast examinations]. PMID- 1232363 TI - [Thermography of the breast. Preliminary results of the study of vascular and physical factors]. PMID- 1232364 TI - [Contributions of plate thermography for the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 1232365 TI - [Value and limitations of mammography]. PMID- 1232366 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of study by gaseous contrastography of emptied breast cysts]. PMID- 1232367 TI - [Breast fibroadenoma. Problems of differential x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 1232368 TI - [Gammagraphic symptomology of cerebral metastases. Analysis of 67 positive cases]. PMID- 1232369 TI - [Radioisotope and radiologic study of normal pressure hydrocephalus]. PMID- 1232370 TI - [Preoperative embolization by selective catheterization of intracranial meningiomas. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 1232371 TI - [Value of vertebral angiogaphy in acoustic neurinomas]. PMID- 1232372 TI - [Histochemical reactions caused by external and internal irradiation. Correlation with microdosimetry and interrelations between irradiation and drugs]. PMID- 1232373 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of protein hormones]. PMID- 1232374 TI - [Metabolism and distribution of I-131 fibrinogen in cancer patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 1232375 TI - [Radiodiagnosis and radiopathology]. PMID- 1232376 TI - [New angles of incidence in coronarography]. PMID- 1232377 TI - [Personal experiences and results obtained in the practice of selective coronarographies in 700 patients]. PMID- 1232378 TI - [Coronary occlusion during selective coronarography]. PMID- 1232379 TI - [Evaluation by means of cardiac output and radiocardiography of the treatment of polyglobulia by plasma addition associated with bloodletting]. PMID- 1232380 TI - [The pulmonary circulation. Clinico-radiologic correlations in cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 1232381 TI - [Contributions of scinticinematography to the study of the great vessels in mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 1232383 TI - [Measurements of injection pressures in lymphography. Technic and value]. PMID- 1232382 TI - [Changes in the systemic circulation in dysreactive mesenchymopathies with special reference to fibromuscular hyperplasia]. PMID- 1232384 TI - [Angiographic images in various malformations of the abdominal aorta and its splanchnic branches]. PMID- 1232385 TI - [Selective arteriography of the small branches of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 1232386 TI - [Comparison of direct aortography and anatomical or surgical data in the evaluation of aortic dissections]. PMID- 1232387 TI - [Scintigraphic image of the spleen in tropical and infectious diseases]. PMID- 1232388 TI - [Peroperative choledochography with film in situ (proximate plate)]. PMID- 1232389 TI - [Human behavior and instrumental disciplines]. PMID- 1232390 TI - [Proceedings: Bile excretion and Oddi's sphincter]. PMID- 1232391 TI - [Proceedings: Mechanism of bile excretion by the bile ducts]. PMID- 1232392 TI - [Proceedings: Role of the peripheral region of the bile duct in bile excretion]. PMID- 1232393 TI - [Proceedings: Excretory mechanism of the bile into the duodenum]. PMID- 1232394 TI - [Proceedings: Excretory mechanism of the bile from the standpoint of comparative physiology]. PMID- 1232395 TI - [Proceedings: Ultrastructure of the ureter, with special reference to smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232396 TI - [Proceedings: Generation and transmission of excitation impulses in the kidney pelvis and ureter]. PMID- 1232397 TI - [Proceedings: Examination of factors influencing ureteral motility]. PMID- 1232398 TI - Proceedings: Effects of autonomic drugs on ureteral peristalsis. PMID- 1232399 TI - [Proceedings: Ureteral movement following ureteral surgery]. PMID- 1232400 TI - [Proceedings: Selective partial vagotomy and gastric motility]. PMID- 1232401 TI - [Proceedings: Selective proximal vagotomy and gastric motility]. PMID- 1232402 TI - [Proceedings: So-called slow potentials of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 1232403 TI - [Proceedings: Several questions on BER (basic electric rhythm), with special reference to tension]. PMID- 1232404 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of prostaglandin and oxytocin on uterine contraction]. PMID- 1232405 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of antagonist on the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin on sympathetic nerve conduction]. PMID- 1232406 TI - [Proceedings: Cholin esterase activity of the nerves located in the intestinal wall in ileus--comparison between the areas anterior and posterior to the lesion]. PMID- 1232407 TI - [Proceedings: Reversed intestines and the intraparietal nerves]. PMID- 1232408 TI - [Proceedings: Anatomical studies of the ano-rectum of Japanese monkeys and dogs]. PMID- 1232409 TI - Proceedings: Histochemical studies of the lower colon and changes in intra-anal and rectal pressure associated with colostomy. PMID- 1232411 TI - [Proceedings: Studies of excreting mechanism in Hirschsprung's disease, with special reference to analysis based on x-ray movies]. PMID- 1232410 TI - [Proceedings: Diagnostic significance of the rhythmic contraction of the sphincter ani during ano-rectal pressure measurement]. PMID- 1232412 TI - [Proceedings: Electromyographic observation on intestinal and rectal diseases in children]. PMID- 1232413 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of methysergide on the contraction of the vas deferens in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1232414 TI - [Proceedings: Studies of contraction mechanism of the vas deferens of guinea pigs using ganglionic stimulants]. PMID- 1232415 TI - [Proceedings: Differences in drug sensitivity of the prostatic portion and epididymal portion of the vas deferens of the rat]. PMID- 1232416 TI - [Proceedings: Voluntary contraction of the cremaster muscle of guinea pigs]. PMID- 1232417 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of phenoxybenzamine on the intra-urethral pressure curve]. PMID- 1232418 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of hypoxia on gastrointestinal movement in normal and decerebrate dogs]. PMID- 1232419 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in the mucosal serotonin contents and the motility of the stomach and small intestine in experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rats]. PMID- 1232420 TI - [Proceedings: Central mechanism in regulatory reflex of gastric movement with splanchnic nerves as its efferent route]. PMID- 1232421 TI - Proceedings: Effects of truncal vagotomy on the muscle layers of dog stomach. PMID- 1232422 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of catecholamine on the gastric smooth muscle of guinea pigs]. PMID- 1232423 TI - [Proceedings: Mechanism of initiation of voluntary activities of the smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232424 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of transverse separation and end-to-end anastomosis of the abomasum of the goat on electromyography]. PMID- 1232425 TI - [Proceedings: Vagus nerve and regional blood flow of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 1232427 TI - [Proceedings: Action potentials of the stomach during vagotomy]. PMID- 1232426 TI - [Proceedings: Significance of the pyloric antrum branch of the vagus nerve in gastric movement]. PMID- 1232428 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of various types of vagotomy on the action potentials of the stomach]. PMID- 1232430 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of procaine on the bladder smooth muscle of the guinea pig and its relationship with calcium]. PMID- 1232429 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of tetraethylammonium on sodium and calcium potentials of the guinea pig ureter]. PMID- 1232431 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in pyeloureteral movements in dogs under various conditions]. PMID- 1232432 TI - [Proceedings: Relationship between the ureteral movement, pressure within the kidney pelvis and renal blood volume during the increase of bladder pressure]. PMID- 1232433 TI - [Proceedings: Study of gastrointestinal motility by using an extraluminal force transducer. 5. Quantitative analysis using an integrator]. PMID- 1232434 TI - [Proceedings: Study of gastrointestinal motility using an extraluminal force transducer. 6. Observation of gastric and duodenal motility using synthetic motilin]. PMID- 1232435 TI - [Proceedings: Regulatory effects of gastrin and secretin on gastrointestinal motility in man and their clinical significance]. PMID- 1232436 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in electromyography of the stomach in experimental ulcer. II]. PMID- 1232437 TI - [Proceedings: Rhythmic contraction of the stomach and factors affecting the phenomenon]. PMID- 1232438 TI - [Proceedings: Pacing of electrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232439 TI - [Proceedings: Dysrhythmia in electromyography of the gastric smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232440 TI - [Proceedings: Achalasia of the esophagus. (8) Effects of bilateral transection of the cervical sympathetic vagus nerve trunk on esophageal blood flow]. PMID- 1232441 TI - [Proceedings: Effectiveness of the fundic patch method in prevention of regurgitation an observation based on pressure within the stomach]. PMID- 1232442 TI - [Proceedings: Intraluminal pressure of the residual stomach and discharge of its content]. PMID- 1232443 TI - [Proceedings: Mechanism of potassium-potentiated relaxation of the smooth muscle of the isolated cerebral artery]. PMID- 1232444 TI - [Proceedings: Ionic currents of potassium in the intestinal smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232445 TI - [Proceedings: Strontium contraction and intracellular calcium in the guinea pig taenia coli]. PMID- 1232446 TI - [Proceedings: Role of calcium in the contraction regulation of the vascular smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232447 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of the so-called calcium antagonists and local anesthetics on contraction of the vascular smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232448 TI - [Proceedings: Intestinal reflex and blood circulation]. PMID- 1232449 TI - [Proceedings: Comparison between isometric and isotonic contraction of the guinea pig taenia coli (on a catch state)]. PMID- 1232450 TI - [Proceedings: Cecal function in contractile activities]. PMID- 1232451 TI - [Proceedings: Role of intraparietal nerve cells in the movement of the colon and excretory cavity of chickens]. PMID- 1232452 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in the electrolyte content of the smooth muscle of the digestive tract]. PMID- 1232453 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of ganglionic stimulants on the isolated rat pelvic ganglia and other autonomic ganglia]. PMID- 1232454 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of papaverine on caffeine-induced contraction of the smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232455 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of thiamine and its derivatives on acetylcholine release from the intestinal tract]. PMID- 1232456 TI - [Proceedings: Action mechanism of progesterone on the gallbladder smooth muscle]. PMID- 1232457 TI - [Proceedings: Electrophysiological studies of the isolated bile duct terminal]. PMID- 1232458 TI - [Proceedings: Relationship between the movements of the bile ducts and gallbladder in chickens]. PMID- 1232459 TI - [Proceedings: Studies of abnormal functions of the terminal of the biliary tract]. PMID- 1232460 TI - [Proceedings: Experimental studies on transduodenal sphincteroplasty]. PMID- 1232461 TI - Experimental induction of colonic carcinomas in rats. Analysis of factors influencing upon the incidence. AB - A method to make a diverted segment of the colon keeping direct continuity to the main colonic lumen was introduced to study carcinogenesis in the colon of rats. This method was proved to be useful for analyzing several factors influencing upon cancerization in the colonic mucous membrane. Macroscopical colonic neoplasia were induced in nearly 80% of rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine introduced into the colonic lumen through the diverted segment. Neoplastic lesion of the mucous membrane developed mainly in the colonic segments which were in direct contact with intestinal content. The importance of intestinal content and colonic microflora was discussed and reviewed. One epithelial cell line was established from one intraperitoneal metastatic deposit of a huge colonic carcinoma induced by the carcinogen. This cell line has been maintained in tissue culture. The liver was susceptible to the carcinogen, and multiple cystic lesions were observed after intracolonic administration of the chemical. PMID- 1232462 TI - Isolation and properties of a streptococcal hemolysin formed in the presence of colistin. AB - The strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci capable of producing streptolysin S, Su and Blackmore, were found to be useful in acquiring CIH (colistin-induced hemolysin), while C203U strain, which produces only streptolysin O, was ineffective in this respect. In these experimental series, much amounts of coccal cells from exponential phase of culture were necessary for obtaining good results and for its reproducibility. Further experiments showed that an oligoribonucleotide, rich in guanylic residu, separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography could be favourably compared with RNase-core in production of CIH in the medium. Yield of this hemolysin was fully dependent upon the concentration of K+ (100 mM), Mg2+ (10 mM) ions and maltose (5 mM) contained in the reaction medium, respectively. When one of three components was omitted, CIH was not obtained, even though colistin and oligoribonucleotide were present. Additionally, crude preparation of CIH was fractionated on DEAE-cellulose column, resulting in isolation of two peaks (F-I and F-II) with hemolytic activity. Considering the response of two hemolytic fractions to various inhibitors and activators, F-II is likely to correspond to streptolysin S, while F-I may, at least, be a segment differed from the streptolysin, S and O. PMID- 1232464 TI - FV-4: a new gene affecting the splenomegaly induction by Friend leukemia virus. AB - Analysis of offsprings from mating of a Friend leukemia virus (FLV) resistant new mouse line, G, and DBA/S mice confirmed the existence of a single dominant gene for the resistance of G to FLV. In these offsprings, no correlation between resistance to FLV and hair-color genes (b, d and c) were observed. In the progeny of ((G X BALB/c) X DBA/2) mating, the resistance gene seregated independently from Fv-1. The allele(s) on Fv-1 locus in G mice seemed to be permissive to N tropic virus. Therefore, conconmitance of Fv-1b in G mice was excluded. These results indicated that the resistance gene in the new line mice differ from Fv-1 and Fv-2. PMID- 1232463 TI - Isolation of Friend leukemia virus resistant line from non-inbred mouse colony. AB - Among a non-inbred ddY mouse colony, a small portion showed marked resistance to splenomegaly induction by Friend leukemia virus (FLV). The resistance to the virus appears to be governed by a single gene, and is dominant over the susceptibility. Thus, it was possible to breed two lines of mice, which are respectively resistant and susceptible to the virus. Resistant response to FLV of the resulting mice, which seemed to be homozygous for the dominant resistant gene, is similar to that of C57BL/6 and more rigid than that of BALB/c mice. Phenotype of F1, segregation ratio in F2 and BC1 hybrid progeny between resistant and susceptible lines were also compatible with the single gene model. PMID- 1232465 TI - Further study on cerebral sphingolipids including gangliosides in two cases of juvenile amaurotic family idiocy (Spielmeyer-Vogt type) using a new analytical procedure of sphingolipids. AB - Sphingolipids isolated from cerebral grey and white matter of two patients with Juvenile Amaurotic Idiocy (Spielmeyer-Vogt Type) were studied. A new analytical procedure was attempted for the determination of sphingolipids, i.e., cerebroside, sulfatide, sphingomyelin and gangliosides were subjected to ozonolysis and reduced with NaBH4. Fatty alcohols thus derived from the double bond-containing long chain bases of the sphingolipids were analyzed by GLC as their TMS-derivatives using an internal standard. The new procedure was suitable for the analysis of small amounts of sphingolipids and could determine the amounts of C18 and C20 sphingosines. It was found that all individual gangliosides in both cases gave lower proportions of C20 sphingosine to the total long chain bases. Sphingomyelin in normal human grey matter contained a small but significant amount of C20 sphingosine, while the sphingomyelin of the two patient brains indicated a much lower proportion of C20 sphingosine in comparison with those of age-matched controls. Thus, this disease seemed to be related to a genetical defect in the metabolic regulation of the long chain bases of gangliosides and grey matter sphingomyelin. On the other hand, it was noted that the ganglioside pattern of grey matter in case-1 was entirely different from that of case-2. The grey matter gangliosides in case-1 were composed of 1.78% of GM2, 81.19% of GM1 and 17.02% of GD1b by the amounts of long chain bases, while the grey matter gangliosides in case-2 seemed to be similar to those of normal human brains. Also, unusual fatty acid compositions of galactosphingolipids (cerebrosides and sulfatides) were observed to a somewhat extent in the grey matter of case-1. PMID- 1232466 TI - Erythroskyrine, the third mycotoxin from Penicillium islandicum Scopp. PMID- 1232467 TI - A new method for rapid separation of platelets from plasma by discontinuous ficoll density gradient. PMID- 1232468 TI - Generation of cytotoxic lipid substance in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 1232469 TI - Glomerular changes in hairless mice: a light, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic study. PMID- 1232470 TI - Physiological responses to whole body bath and hot air exposure with special reference to assessment of heat tolerance. PMID- 1232471 TI - Effect of a high-fat diet on metabolic responses to exercise. PMID- 1232472 TI - Separation of rabbit adrenal cells by sedimentation at a linear gradient of albumin concentration. PMID- 1232473 TI - Pitch-synchronous response of cat cochlear nerve fibers to speech sounds. PMID- 1232474 TI - Control of pituitary functions of synthesis and release of prolactin and growth hormone by gonadal steroids in female and male rats. PMID- 1232475 TI - In situ papillary muscle preparation and some basic contractile properties. PMID- 1232476 TI - A new procedure for transabdominal resection of esophagocardial cancer and cervical anastomosis obviating thoracotomy. AB - A new operative technique for esophagocardial cancer was reported with resection and re-establishment of alimentary continuity at cervical esophagus which obviates thoracotomy but still retains adequate removal of the lesion. Ten cases of esophagocardial cancer thus treated were presented and the clinical data were analyed. The distance between esophageal stump and esophagocardial junction measured on the resected specimen ranged from 3.0 to 6.7 cm with an average of 5.1 cm. No remaining tumor cells were detected microscopically on the oral cut margin of the specimen in all cases. To compensate for the inadequated lymph node dissection intensive postoperative adjuvant irradiation and/or chemotherapy was advocated. PMID- 1232477 TI - A role of extracorporeal circuit in the post-perfusion thrombocytopenia: a scanning electronmicroscopic observation. AB - Thrombocytopenia is one of the adverse effects of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) but the mechanism of which has not been fully understood. Blood-gas interface, mechanical agitation, rough surface of extracorporeal circuit and sequestration in the liver have been considered to be a cause of platelet loss. Extracorporeal circuit which provides large artificial surface for contact of blood has been blamed as the site of platelet destruction during oxygenation. However, the part of the oxygenator responsible for platelet loss has bot been located. This study was designed to identify the sites of extracorporeal circuit responsible for platelet loss during ECC with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the post-perfusion circuit. The accumulation of platelet aggregates was most pronounced at the defoaming net and blood filter where a sudden changes in velocity of blood flow take place. The aggregates were considered to be formed locally at these sites. However, there were no accumulation and/or adherence of platelet aggregates of significant degree at the other parts of the circuit, namely venous and arterial tubings, venous colum and arterial reservoir. Platelets seem to be removed from the circulation during each passage by defoaming net and blood filter. However the other parts of the circuit seem to be less blamed for the platelet loss. It was not possible to conclude whether the formation and trapping of platelet microaggregates at the defoaming net and blood filter or the destruction by oxygen bubbles is mainly responsible for the plateletloss during ECC. PMID- 1232478 TI - Double aortic arch with aneurysm-a surgical case report. AB - An unusual case of double aortic arch with aneurysm is described. A 61-year-old, hypertensive and syphilitic male patient complained of increasing difficulty in swallowing of approximately five months duration. Barium swallow and subsequent aortography showed the presence of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta involving the left (anterior) arch of the double aortic arch. The tightening of the vascular ring by aneurysmal dilatation of the left aortic arch appeared to be responsible for the delayed onset of the symptom. Surgical correction was made by removing the aneurysmal ascending aorta and left aortic arch and a Dacron graft was inserted between the ascending aorta and the right (posterior) aortic arch. The patient died of cerebral complication about forty hours postoperatively. Surgical problems associated with this unusual condition were discussed retrospectively from the operative and autopsy findings. In reviewing the pertinent literatures this case appeared to be the first operated case of double aortic arch associated with aneurysm. PMID- 1232479 TI - Antiviral compounds. VII. Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of alkoxyacetophenone amidinohydrazones. PMID- 1232480 TI - [Multi-channel electrodermography as a method of examination of the vegetative nervous system]. PMID- 1232481 TI - [Latent (larvate) depression in general practice]. PMID- 1232482 TI - [Characteristics of nocturnal sleep in hysterical neurosis]. PMID- 1232483 TI - [Xanthomatosis]. PMID- 1232484 TI - [2 cases of acute peroral poisoning with aconite]. PMID- 1232485 TI - [Treatment od severe tubazid poisoning]. PMID- 1232486 TI - [Case of multiple performation of intestinal ulcers during treatment with prednisolone, aspirin and potassium chloride ]. PMID- 1232487 TI - [Modern physician and diagnostic errors]. PMID- 1232488 TI - [In memory of Grigorii Nikolaevich Karapetian]. PMID- 1232489 TI - [Diencephalic syndrome]. PMID- 1232490 TI - [Importance of psychotherapy in prevention of hypertensive crises and acute cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 1232491 TI - [Neurosis-like disorders in patients with transient disorders of cerebravascular circulation]. PMID- 1232492 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive crises treated with rausedyl]. PMID- 1232493 TI - [Change in cholinergic processes in ischemic stroke]. PMID- 1232494 TI - [Treatment of patients having suffered ischemic stroke with nicotinic acid and antichoagulants]. PMID- 1232496 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 1232497 TI - [Etiology and clinical characteristics of cerebral arteriovenous aneurysm]. PMID- 1232495 TI - [Characteristics of cerebrovascular disorders in patients with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 1232498 TI - [Treatment of infectious-toxic and traumatic lesion, of the hypothalamic region with aminalon and gammalon]. PMID- 1232499 TI - [Certain problems of body's reactivity in traumatic lesions of the spinal cord]. PMID- 1232500 TI - [Roentgenological and radioisotope studies of renal function in patients with spinal cord injury]. PMID- 1232501 TI - [Neurodystrophic changes in the limbs in spinal and spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 1232502 TI - [Phenomenon of vibration output as a diagnostic test in vertebrogenic syndrome of the vetebral artery]. PMID- 1232503 TI - [Nervous system lesion in climacteric spondylopathy]. PMID- 1232504 TI - [Arterial pressure in patients with neuritis of the facial nerve]. PMID- 1232505 TI - [Cerebro-cardiac syndrome]. PMID- 1232506 TI - [Clinical variants of Friedreich's familial ataxia]. PMID- 1232507 TI - [Rare forms of phenocopy of periodical paralysis]. PMID- 1232508 TI - [Clinical aspects and course of torsion dystonia]. PMID- 1232509 TI - [Treatment of diseminated sclerosis with dexamethasone, pyrogenal and "proper myl"and their effect on peripheral blood leukocytes]. PMID- 1232510 TI - [Repercussion disorders of the brain stem in diseases of the internal organs]. PMID- 1232512 TI - [Sudden death in youths and adults]. PMID- 1232513 TI - [Congenital polycystic kidney in PM/Se mice]. PMID- 1232514 TI - [Spleen reaction to prostaglandin injected intraperitoneally in rats]. PMID- 1232515 TI - Specificity of social-anthropological studies of ritual. AB - Many fruitless controversies about 'ritual' are based on the multivocality of the word. By recent work by Tinbergen in ethology confines the term to rigid, highly formalistic, exaggerated behavior by animals in situations of compromise formation, where the animal is moved by contrary impulses to action. Similarly, in psychoanalytic writings the word is reserved for rigid formalistic actions which are defence mechanisms. These uses of the term are congruent with that social-anthropological use which has found that in tribal societies, in situations where there occurs sharp conflict of processes based on inconsistent, discrepant and contrary social principles of values, persons tend to be required to perform rigidly prescribed actions that exaggerate their normal social roles. Illustrations are given from initiation and political ceremonies; and these lead to an analysis of how ritual symbols transmute (sublimate) to ideological values energy roused by emotive stimulants. Thus ritual is directed to assert that social harmony prevails precisely in those situations where this harmony is most imperilled. PMID- 1232516 TI - Interaction analysis of change in social performance and personality functioning in a therapeutic community introduction. AB - This is an introductory presentation of research carried out at the Henderson Hospital, London, England. The hospital is a therapeutic community for young people diagnosed as personality disorders [24,32]. The sample includes all patients admitted to the hospital during one year commencing 1/3/1971. Rather than studying either personality or performance separately this study is an attempt to learn more how social performance is relevant to personality change. This is done through interaction analysis. Within the scope of this paper I shall also attempt a brief description of the focal problems, examined, their operationalization in research methods, expected results, and a preliminary discussion of three demonstrative cases. PMID- 1232517 TI - Role of life events in accident causation. AB - The concept of stress as causative in human illness has been documented in studies relating significant illnesses to major life changes (i.e., marriage, parenthood, divorce, employment changes, etc.). Although some studies have related accidents to stress, the various types of stress involved were either poorly-defined or narrowly delineated by the specific interests or professional training of the investigators. Our current study represents an attempt to investigate traffic accidents as a function of multi-dimensional stresses which result from life changes experienced by the driver. In addition we have attempted to assess the subject's feelings and responses to these life changes as well as his general adjustment to the total environment. Our ultimate goal is to develop a questionnaire to identify drivers who are highly susceptible to traffic accidents. This questionnaire will be designed to be self-administered and easily scored. It is intended to provide help in traffic safety countermeasure programs that will focus on cause rather than effect. Only by developing a comprehensive stress-accident model will comprehensive and workable accident prevention programs be developed to replace the current patchwork of existing programs. PMID- 1232518 TI - A model for differential treatment of the juvenile delinquent. AB - In this model, the symptom neurosis is contrasted with the ego syntonic deviance. Whereas most of psychotherapeutic practices are geared to neurotic patients, this model represents treatment procedures and techniques aimed at the acting-out character disorders. This comparison related to: a) internal tension and readiness for change b) level of differentiation between Actual and Potential Identity c) perception of the Logic of Events Furthermore, the model describes the ego-defenses of the delinquent, and finally relates them to the more specific techniques of treatment. PMID- 1232519 TI - Nonpsychotic personality disturbances: a re-evaluation and reclassification. AB - The classical notion of neurosis as the prototypical form of nonpsychotic personality disturbance must be rejected in favor of the categories of (a) personality pattern disturbance and disorder of life style, and most especially, (b) character disorder. Category (a) would include schizoid, paranoid, and cyclothymic personality pattern disturbances and compulsive and hysteroid personality as disorders of life style. Each of these would occupy one end of a 'psychotoid' continuum, at the other end of which would be a familiar type of psychosis such as paranoid schizophrenia or pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. The most numerous of the nonpsychotic disturbances (in the tens of millions in the USA alone) come under category (b), the character disorders, involving a special sort of failure to inhibit impulse and unsocialized self-seeking. Character disorders are seen by us as turning on an eccentric axis, alternating between the two foci of 'dependency' and 'aggression'. PMID- 1232520 TI - Introduction of intensive milieu therapy in a traditional psychiatric unit. AB - In spite of a growing interest in clinical psychiatry to experiment with new treatment programs, not least in the field of milieu-therapy, the effect of these programs on the behavior of patients and staff are rarely subjected to systematic evaluation. So the progress in the field is hampered by a lack of clearly defined behavioral data which lends itself to critical analysis, and generally speaking is based on rather loose clinical impressions which make scientific verification difficult the present describes an admittedly crude attempt at systematic evaluation of what happened to staff's and patients' behavior when a relatively intensive milieu-therapy program was introduced in a traditional psychiatric unit, using relatively simple but clearly defined parameters of change in behavior over time. Certain hypotheses about what would happen in terms of group behavior if the new program worked according to its intentions were tested, and generally speaking the conclusion was that the program developed successfully as far as this could be measured by the selected parameters. Data about the patients' evaluation of the effect of the treatment program on themselves, and how this relates to attitudes towards own mental disorders and expectation towards psychiatric treatment at admission to the clinic, as well as social background and group behavior, is analysed, and wil be published in a subsequent paper. So the present paper should be considered as a preliminary report, mainly focusing on certain methodological aspects. PMID- 1232521 TI - A study of bilirubin measurements on the "OHC" photoictometer model II compared with an Auto Analyzer AAI and the American Optical Company bilirubinometer. PMID- 1232522 TI - A method for the determination of blood lactate and pyruvate using an LKB 8600 reaction rate analyser. PMID- 1232523 TI - Automatic pipetting system for radio-immunoassay. PMID- 1232525 TI - A comparison of the performance of different makes of pipette tips on a range of Eppendorf pipettes. PMID- 1232524 TI - A comparative study of methods used for removing non-specific inhibitors of rubella haemagglutination from human sera. PMID- 1232526 TI - Medical oncology: the new subspecialty. AB - The creation of medical oncology as a new subspecialty of internal medicine required a definition of the scope of involvement of the physician in this new area. Objectives for training programs were established and provisions provided for certification of specialists as medical oncologists. The area of medical oncology encompasses a broad aspect of medicine and requires a frim foundation in the principles of internal medicine. As an advocate of the cancer patient, and in many instances the primary physician, the medical oncologist has the opportunity to effectively interact with many scientific skills in order to effectively control or even cure neoplastic diseases. PMID- 1232527 TI - Adriamycin: a new effective agent in the therapy of disseminated sarcomas. AB - Thirty-six patients with disseminated sarcomas were treated with adriamycin according to an intermittent single high-dose schedule based on our prior pharmacologic observations. The dose of 60 mg/M2 IV q 3 weeks was reduced 50-75% in the presence of liver disease. Complete remission occurred in 9%, parital remission in 32%, and improvement in 21% for median durations of 37, 18, and 15 weeks, respectively. Survival was prolonged in responding patients. Hematologic suppression was mild in the absence of liver disease or prior extensive radiotherapy. Congestive heart failure, a well-known long-term complication of therapy with anthracycline drugs, occurred in two out of four patients who had cumulative doses of 600 mg/M2 or more. Mucous membrane toxicity was not observed. Adriamycin is an effective new agent in the therapy of disseminated sarcomas and can be used with relative safety by following pharmacologic principles. PMID- 1232528 TI - Evaluation of cell-mediated reactivity and serum blocking factors in melanoma patients on chemotherapy. AB - Sequential assays for cell-mediated reactivity (CMR) and serum blocking factor (SBF) were performed in a group of 12 melanoma patients who were treated with one or both of the clinically available imidazole carboxamide derivatives, DTIC and TIC Mustard, in order to consider the effects of treatment and changing patterns of disease on the results of in vitro tests in individual patients. Microcytotoxicity assays and the dilute agar colony inhibition test were employed. Of the 12 patients, 8 had no change in CMR and 5 had no change in SBF. Three patients demonstrated a fall in both CMR and SBF to nondetectable levels, and 3 additional patients showed a fall in SBF only. From these results, we conclude that there is no significant depression of CMR in melanoma patients by either of the imidazole carboxamide derivatives used. The results of SBF are less conclusive and more open to question, since it is just a likely that any depression to undetectable levels may be due to a change in disease status rather than to coincident drug use. It appears that microcytotoxicity assay results on individual patients may be fortuitous and difficult to interpret, even though results seen in patients as a group indicate important trends. The microcytotoxicity assay is a useful tool for the experimental tumor immunologist, but its clinical usefulness in individual patients is limited. PMID- 1232529 TI - The use of low-dose prednisone and melphalan in the treatment of poor-risk patients with multiple myeloma. AB - A study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of prednisone therapy in poor risk patients with multiple myeloma. Patients were treated with melphalan alone or in combination with prednisone at doses of either 0.6 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg. The group of patients receiving melphalan and prednisone 0.6 mg/kg had significantly improved responses in hemoglobin, lowering of the M-protein concentration, and reduction of azotemia. Significant benefits attributable to prednisone were not demonstrated in the group receiving 0.3 mg/kg. Good responses have been shown to produce improved survival. The combination of melphalan and prednisone is effective in producing good responses, but the dose of steroids is important. A dose of prednisone of 0.6 mg/kg in gradually decreasing doses has been found to be effective in production of good responses, especially in the uremic patient. PMID- 1232530 TI - Antibody response to poliovirus immunization in childhood leukemia. AB - Polio antibody titers were determined in 29 children with ALL in various clinical stages, including a group of five patients in continuous remission for over five years and who, at the time of study, were off all therapy for at least six months. Regardless of the stage of disease, no detectable gamma M response was elicited. The five children described above displayed the same depressed response as did the other children with ALL. This strongly suggests an inherent defect in the immune system of these children with ALL unrelated to therapy. PMID- 1232531 TI - The influence of chemotherapy on the prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - A study of 77 consecutive cases of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma treated initially at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles from 1950 to 1972 demonstrated an impressive improvement in survival of patients when intensive chemotherapy was occurred in Stage II and Stage III disease. Eight out of 9 patients with a primary lesion of the lower extremities developed intra-abdominal disease. A general approach for treatment of Stage II, III, and IV rhabdomyosarcoma is proposed which involves intensive chemotherapy, following biopsy, as the principle treatment, with radiation and surgery used as a adjuvants. PMID- 1232532 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. AB - In a study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children, 104 children were treated and followed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1964 throughout June 1974. Forty-three patients, previously treated and untreated, received a nonspecific group of various chemotherapeutic agents and attained an 11% disease free survival rate. A second group of 18 previously untreated patients, who received a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide alone, achieved a 33% disease-free survival rate. The last group, 43 previously untreated patients (77% of whom had far advanced disease and 86% of whom had diffuse histological types) who received a new and intensive multiple-drug regimen (the LSA2-L2 protocol) consisting of induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases, has maintained an 81% disease-free survival rate after a median observation time of 21+ months. Although nervous system involvement and recurrence or metastases at any time are poor prognostic factors, initial marrow involvement and the amount of bulky disease are no longer considered negative prognosticators when intensive treatment is initiated immediately after diagnosis, is continued for 2--3 years, and includes radiation therapy to sites of bulky disease and CNS prophylaxis. The LS2-L2 treatment is effective in accomplishing the dual aims of not only increasing the numbers of disease-free patients but also prolonging their survival. PMID- 1232533 TI - The effect of short-term cyclophosphamide on estrogen therapy in metastatic breast cancer. AB - Stimulation of tumor growth and induced hypercalcemia both may occur during the initiation of estrogen therapy in breast cancer. This study was conducted to determine whether cyclophosphamide (CTX) as an adjuvant to estrogen therapy might (1) prevent induced hypercalcemia or (2) achieve a higher tumoricidal effect during the phase of tumor stimulation. Fifty postmenopausal women with inoperable or recurrent disseminated breast carcinoma were divided into two random groups. Results could be evaluated in 44 patients; 21 received diethylstilbestrol (DES), and 23 received DES plus a 4-week course of cyclophosphamide (DES + CTX). The response rate was 5/21 (24%) in the DES group and 8/23 (35%) in the DES + CTX group (p greater than 0.05). The median duration of response for both groups was 9 months. The survival rate at 24 months was 52% in the DES group and 25% in the DES + CTX group (p = 0.05). Induced hypercalcemia occurred in 3 patients treated with DES + CTX. Short-term cyclophosphamide adjuvant to estrogen therapy did not prevent induced hypercalcemia nor prolong the duration of response or survival. PMID- 1232534 TI - Three dose regimens of adriamycin for induction of remission in acute leukemia in children: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Three therapeutic regimens (6-hr intervals for 6 doses daily for 3 days, and a single infusion) utilizing the same total dose of adriamycin for the induction of remission in children with late-stage acute leukemia were evaluated in 150 patients. Complete remission rates were 15%, 28%, and 25%, respectively. Twenty five children who achieved complete bone marrow remissions with adriamycin therapy were treated a second time after subsequent relapses. Of these children 20% achieved second bone marrow remissions. PMID- 1232535 TI - Active specific immunization in malignant melanoma. AB - The effects of active specific immunization with nonirradiated autologous and irradiated cultured allogeneic melanoma tumor cells (TC) on cell-associated immunity was studied in 11 patients with widespread malignant melanoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Immunization with 1 X 10(6)-8 X 10(7) TC was done in the draining area of a BCG scarification on day 7 of the study. The in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic response (BR) to autologous TC was studied in terms of the stimulation index on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. The stimulation index (SI) was the counts per min (cpm) in the TC stimulated culture minus the cpm among the TC alone divided by the cpm in the unstimulated controls. A positive BR was considered as a SI equal to or greater than 3. Six out of 11 patients had a significant increase in BR lasting 7-14 days after immunization. The pre- to post immunization changes in the SI of the 6 patients were 2.5 to 7.5; 0.7 to 3.2; 0 to 5.2; 0 to 16; 0.1 to 6.6; and 6.5 to 30.0. Nine out of 11 patients showed a delayed local inflammatory reaction at the immunization site. Five out of 11 patients mounted a cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to autologous tumor cells at a separate test site following immunization. There were no side effects. Active specific immunization in the drainage of a BCG reaction appears to be safe. Since a positive BR to autologous TC correlates with a good prognosis in patients with solid tumors, studies of the immunotherapeutic efficacy of this approach may be warranted. PMID- 1232536 TI - Hypocalcemia complicating acute leukemia. AB - Eighteen of 54 adults with acute leukemia developed severe hypocalcemia during a 20 month period. Hypocalcemia (mean lowest serum calcium 6.3 mg/100 ml with a range of 4.1 to 7.0 mg/100 ml) lasted 2-29 days and was symptomatic in all but one patient. Six patients were hypocalcemic at the time of death, 5 died within 1 week of hypocalcemia, and 2 had antibiotic-induced respiratory arrest. All patients had severe infections; 17 of 18 were with gram-negative organisms. No patient had severe azotemia, diarrhea, alkalosis, or hypoalbuminemia. Hypophosphatemia was seen in 14 patients, suggesting no hypoparathyroidism. The serum calcium of patients with acute leukemia should be measured frequently, especially when they have infection. Hypocalcemia is a sign of poor prognosis and should signal the need for careful observation of ventilation, caution in the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, and vigorous attempts at calcium administration. PMID- 1232537 TI - [The NBT test in various juvenile virus diseases]. PMID- 1232538 TI - [Multiple screening tests for hereditary metabolic diseases. Clinical problems and questions of interpretation]. PMID- 1232539 TI - [A case of juvenile "congenital erythropoietic porphyria"]. PMID- 1232540 TI - [Juvenile cholelithiasis. Presentation of a case and review of the literature with special reference to the etiopathogenesis]. PMID- 1232541 TI - [Congenital testicular embryonal carcinoma]. PMID- 1232542 TI - [Progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 1232543 TI - [The employed woman -- from the view point of national defense]. PMID- 1232544 TI - [Participation of youths in national defense and tasks of the medical services in the protection of their health]. PMID- 1232545 TI - [Education of the physician in medical work for the requirements of national defense]. PMID- 1232546 TI - [Defense planning for the production and delivery of energy, industrial and community work under the conditions of a general defensive war]. PMID- 1232548 TI - [Military medicine within the planning of general national defense system]. PMID- 1232547 TI - [Principles of organization health-service in national defense]. PMID- 1232549 TI - [Organization of the medical services within the system of general national defense in the community]. PMID- 1232550 TI - [Organization of medical services within the system of general national defense (organization of work)]. PMID- 1232551 TI - [Medical services within the system of worker's health care from the aspect of national defense]. PMID- 1232552 TI - [Hygienic standards under war conditions]. PMID- 1232553 TI - [Problems of medical work in a combat army]. PMID- 1232554 TI - [Problems of population nutrition, specially of workers under war conditions]. PMID- 1232555 TI - [Position, role and tasks of medical services in mass disasters during the use of nuclear, chemical and firearm weapons]. PMID- 1232556 TI - 'Normal' and 'lesional' traits of personality according to Sjobring: re-tatings and prognostic implications. The Lundby project. AB - As a supplement to findings made in two studies of the same rural population with a 10-year interval, the 'reliablity' of various subjective ratings of normal personality was looked into: the variants in validity, solidity, and stability as described by Sjobring. In addition the findings of Hagnell, according to which the above-mentioned normal variants of personality hardly influenced first incidence of mental disorder during the period of observation, while so-called 'lesional' variants did, were further investigated and confirmed. PMID- 1232557 TI - The exerience of pain in depressed patients. A clinical and experimental study. AB - An experience of pain according to Merskey's definition was found in 24 out of 40 consecutive patients with depressive disorders. No age or sex differences were found between patients with and those without an experience of pain. In a comparison of ratings using the Cronholm-Ottosson depression rating scale, patients with an experience of pain were found to have a more severe type of depression, more psychic and vegetative anxiety, more motoric restlessness, more local tension, more thoughts of suicide, more hypochondriacal ideas, more sleep disturbances and a higher total depression score. On the other hand, no difference was found as regards depressive ideas, intellectual, conative or emotional inhibition or psychomotoric retardation. In the experimental part of the study, 30 patients -- 18 with an experience of pain -- were investigated with pain measures and visual averaged evoked responses. No differences were found in pain measures between patients with and those without an experience of pain. Out of 18 patients with an experience of pain, 15 were found to be augmenters as measured by visual averaged evoked responses. In the group of patients without pain only 4 out of 12 patients were augmenters. PMID- 1232558 TI - Early detection and prevention of mental illness: the Mauritius project. A preliminary report. AB - The experimental manipulation method is in general not feasible in studies of the etiology of severe mental illness, whereas this method can be used in studies pertaining to primary prevention, because possible preventive methods would most likely be of a protective or beneficial nature. Preventive experimentation requires early detection of those individuals who will eventually become seriously mentally deviant. A study of children at a high genetic risk for schizophrenia is described. This study suggested certain autonomic nervous system variables as predictors of later serious mental breakdown. In a WHO-sponsored project in Mauritius the authors used these results for the selection of a group of children at risk for mental illness. 1,800 3-year-old Mauritian children were studied socially, psychologically, pediatrically and psychophysiologically between 1972 and 1973. 100 of these children were selected for experimental preventive intervention during their daily presence in two modern kindergartens. Members of this group were characterized by either abnormally fast autonomic recovery or autonomic nonresponding, or normal autonomic responding. A matched group of another 100 children served as a community control. The paper presents preliminary results from the screening of the 1,800 children. PMID- 1232559 TI - Norepinephrine metabolism in mouse heart after lithium and rubidium treatment. AB - This report describes the effects of treatment with lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb) and sodium (Na; 1 mEq/kg/day) for 7 days on norepinephrine (NE) turnover in mouse heart. The effects of several drugs which modify the uptake and storage of NE were also studied in similarly pretreated mice. A method based on the combustion of tissue tritium to tritiated water was used to assay tritiated l-norepinephrine (l-NE-3H) concentrations in individual hearts. The rate of decline of tissue tritium concentrations in groups of pretreated mice maintained at ambient temperature (23--24 degrees C) or in the cold (4--5 degrees C) was determined. The results indicate that, compared to Na, Li and Rb did not modify the tritium turnover rate in mouse heart. Pretreatment with Li or Rb did not modify the uptake of tritiated NE in the heart. The effects of desipramine. cocaine, bretylium and chlorpromazine on NE uptake were not altered by the alkali ions. Further, pretreatment did not modify NE release by tyramine, metaraminol and guanethidine. These studies suggest that Li and Rb do not modify NE uptake, release and storage in mouse heart. PMID- 1232560 TI - Comparison between some biological clocks regulating sensory and psychomotor aspects of perception in man. AB - Regular repetition of one monitor of sensory perception and another of psychomotor perception revealed similar frequency and amplitude aspects of spontaneous endogenous free-running cycles of perception and others of vigilance. The ultradian periodicities of these cycles distinguish between persons with intact nervous systems and those with brain damage. PMID- 1232561 TI - Growth hormone secretion in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The GH response to insulin hypoglycemia (insulin 0.1 IU/kg i.v.) was studied under basal conditions and during a course of haloperidol therapy in 19 chronic schizophrenics, 15 hebephrenics and four paranoids (ten men and nine women, age 16--53 years). Haloperidol was given for 30 days, at a daily dose of 6 mg i.m., and the GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was tested twice, before, and 10, 20, 30 days following the initiation of the treatment. The psychopathological features were controlled daily by two psychiatrists and by the ward staff and by the use of a Wittenborn rating scale, rated at the same intervals as the hormonal assays. From the results obtained it appears that in schizophrenic patients, GH secretion and response to insulin stimulus are extremely variable and are unaffected by haloperidol treatment. On the basis of the results obtained, the neurotransmitter-neurohormone regulation of GH secretion in schizophrenics is discussed. PMID- 1232562 TI - Acquistion and extinction of a conditioned hyperthermic response to a tone paired with morphine administration. AB - Following a 7-day baseline period, five male hooded rats were injected daily with a constant dose (20 mg/kg) of morphine sulfate. Immediately following the injections they were taken to a sound-attenuated room and exposed to a 5,000 cps tone for 90 min. On certain predetermined days of the morphine treatment, rectal temperatures were measured before each injection and 30 min following the onset of the tone. Also, after the 11th, 19th, and 57th morphine-tone pairing, the rectal temperatures were measured before and after a saline injection which was paired with tone. On these days tone presentations by themselves were sufficient to cause a reliable increase in rectal temperature resembling that seen following an injection of morphine. When tone presentations were continued, without further pairing with morphine, the hyperthermic response to the tone was gradually extinguished. However, a significant increase in rectal temperature in response to the tone was again observed following a second set of five morphine-tone pairings. PMID- 1232563 TI - The effect of plasma from psychotic children on tryptophan uptake in chicken erythrocytes. AB - Ten children diagnosed as psychotic by the DeMeyer-Churchill guidelines were matched for age and sex with ten non-psychotic but emotionally disturbed children. Six of the ten pairs were medication free. In four of the ten pairs, at least one member was medicated at the time of testing. The plasma of the children diagnosed as psychotic caused a significantly (p less than 0.025) greater uptake of tryptophan by chicken red blood cells than did the serum of their control group. This is the same effect on tryptophan uptake as found when the plasma of adult patients with process schizophrenia is incubated with chicken erythrocytes and tryptophan. This finding lends support to the possibility that there is a subgroup of childhood psychotic patients who have a biological disturbance similar to that found in adult process schizophrenia patients. PMID- 1232564 TI - A genetic study of chronic delusions. AB - There is a nosologic difference between the French schizophrenia and the English schizophrenia which include all chronic delusions. A genetic study of chronic delusions, based on the rules of the French nosology, has two goals: two clarify their genetic etiology, and to test those nosologic differences. This study was made on the families of 45 patients with chronic delusions. The conclusions are: the 'delires paranoiaques chroniques' have a genetic etiology and are related to schizophrenia; the 'psychoses hallucinatoires chroniques' are not influenced by the genetic etiology and are not related to schizophrenia. Therefore, the psychoses hallucinatoires chroniques' constitute an autonomic entity according to the French nosology. PMID- 1232565 TI - [Clinical value of the systolic pressure at the ankle in obliterating arterial diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1232566 TI - [Naftidrofuryl in the treatment of obstructive arterial diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1232567 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in heart surgery. 3 years experience]. PMID- 1232568 TI - [Indications for mitral commissurotomy after 20 years clinical experience]. PMID- 1232569 TI - [Association of right bundle branch block with a block of the subdivision of the left posterior branch. Vectrcardiographic study]. PMID- 1232570 TI - [Permanent electric stimulation. Our experience with 245 implants]. PMID- 1232571 TI - [The presence and the behavior of the median and lateral accessory saphenous veins. Anatomo-surgical study]. PMID- 1232572 TI - [Experimental analysis of the effects of the anticoagulant fraction of Agkistrodon rhodostoma venom on the heart, the vascular and respiratory systems and on certain muscles]. PMID- 1232573 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with an association of drugs in low dosage]. PMID- 1232574 TI - [A case of myocardial infarct with total atrioventricular block caused by a dissecting aneurysm of the right coronary artery during the course of an acute aortic dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 1232575 TI - [A case of venous aneurysm]. PMID- 1232576 TI - [A case of paraplegia following the clamping of the subrenal aorta]. PMID- 1232577 TI - [Vectorcardiographic aspects of left ventricular overload]. PMID- 1232578 TI - [Coronary angiography in primary myocardial diseases]. PMID- 1232579 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in intracranial lesions]. PMID- 1232580 TI - [Resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with simultaneous surgery for various causes. Report on 2 cases under our study on whom we operated successfully]. PMID- 1232581 TI - [Therapy of thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities with 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid]. PMID- 1232582 TI - [Spironolactone in essential hypertension. Controlled study on the dose-response relationship]. PMID- 1232583 TI - [Cardiodynamic study of ischemic heart disease by means of repeated controls in long surviving patients]. PMID- 1232584 TI - [The use of potassium salts in the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia in patients with complete left bundle branch block]. PMID- 1232585 TI - [Clinical study on the use of beta-stimulants in atrioventricular block]. PMID- 1232586 TI - [Effect of a new derivative of 3-hydrazine pyridazine: ISF 2123 in hypertensive patients. Note 2]. PMID- 1232588 TI - [A new synthetic antiarrhythmic drug: bunaftine. Clinical study]. PMID- 1232587 TI - [Premilinary clinical considerations on a new drug with anti-arrhythmic activity]. PMID- 1232589 TI - [Clinical experiences in the treatment of arrhythmias with bunaftine (Meregon)]. PMID- 1232590 TI - [Clinical use of bunaftine in the therapy of arrhythmia in patients with decompensated heart disease]. PMID- 1232591 TI - [Atrial dissociation with the principal rhythm of the left atrium]. PMID- 1232592 TI - [Post-traumatic aortic valve insufficiency. Case report]. PMID- 1232593 TI - [Migrating thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 1232594 TI - A comparison of dietary starch and dietary sucrose in the pig. AB - Seven litter-mate pairs of male crossbred pigs were fed diets in which 50% of the dry weight was either corn starch or sucrose for 1 year. Unlike reports of two similar experiments published since our work was carried out, no lesions of the cardiovascular system were found in any of the animals at the end of the experiment. The sucrose-fed animals differed from those fed starch in the following respects: growth was faster during the first 9 weeks of the experiment, but became significantly slower during the remaining 43 weeks, with a less efficient food conversion. The pancreas was about 30% smaller but with no difference in gross or histological appearance. In the plasma there was a transient increase in concentration of insulin, a decrease in albumin, and a decrease in activities of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase. No significant changes in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, phospholipid or glucose were observed. PMID- 1232595 TI - Lipid metabolism of developing central nervous tissues in organotypic cultures. I. Lipid distribution and fatty acid profiles of the medium for rat brain cortex in vitro. AB - The distribution and concentration of lipid components of different media used for organotypic cultures of rat brain cortex have been measured quantitatively. Five cholesterol ester species have been fractionated from chicken embryonic extract. Their fatty acid profiles have been determined by combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The depletion characteristics of medium cholesterol esters and some fatty acids during development of brain cortex were not symmetrical. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the medium were lowered prior to the saturated and monoenoic fatty acids. The phenomenon of depletion may be correlated with enhanced esterase activity mediated by the tissue. PMID- 1232596 TI - Lipid metabolism of developing central nervous tissues in organotypic cultures. II. A comparative study of medium and tissue fatty acids in developing rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum. AB - Organotypic cultures of rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum have been supplemented with different media. Fatty acid analysis in incubated media and in tissue explants revealed a characteristic differentiation of three periods during maturation: a posttraumatic repair phase, a synaptogenic period and a synaptic stage. Medium fatty acids are biphysically depleted from the nutrient. Both tissues differ in the depletion pattern of individual fatty acids. The development of tissue fatty acids is mainly observed during the synaptogenic period. Turnover studies of individual fatty acids indicate a tissue-specific and time-dependent characteristic. PMID- 1232597 TI - The effect of vitamin E deficiency on permeability of mitochondria for phosphate. AB - We have investigated whether the earlier-found decreased unsaturation in mitochondrial membranes in vitamin E deficiency affects the permeability properties of mitochondria. The iso-osmotic swelling technique was used as a measure for the rate of uptake of substrates by these organelles. A significantly slower uptake could be observed of ammonium malate in the presence of phosphate and of ammonium phosphate. These changes in membrane permeability might give a clue to the mechanism of some metabolic abnormalities as seen in vitamin E deficiency in relating these abnormalities to specific membrane functions, e.g. an affection of carriers; for instance the phosphate carrier. PMID- 1232598 TI - [Changes in hemoglobin content, erythrocyte count and hematocrit in nickel deficiency]. AB - In a total of four different studies, two of them involving two generations, the essentiality of nickel could be shown by reduced growth in response to a diet with 15 ppb nickel. In 30-day-old self-reared rats, anemia was induced in the Ni deficient animals despite a high iron supply of 50 mg iron per kg diet. In the F1 generation of the Ni-deficient animals, the erythrocyte count had fallen by 36%, the hematocrit by 37%, and the Hb content by 44%. In the F2 generation in which the animals were given 100 ppm iron, surpassing their requirement three times, the blood parameters of the deficient animals were reduced by 8-10%. At the age of 50 days of the F1 generation the erythrocyte count had fallen 23% compared to the values of the control group, the hematocrit 14%, and the Hb content (16%) from 12.7 to 10.7 g/100 ml blood. An influence on the protein content of the serum and on the catalase activity of the erythrocytes was not observed and only at times was there an influence on the urea content of serum. PMID- 1232599 TI - Lipid changes in tissues of young boars fed rapeseed oil or corn oil. AB - Fully refined rapeseed oil, Brassica campestris var. Arlo plus Echo, and corn oil were fed at 20% by weight of a basal diet to young Yorkshire boars. A serial slaughter technique was employed whereby 3 boars from each dietary treatment were killed at 0,1,2,3,4 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The fatty acid profiles of heart, liver, adrenals and testes lipids were investigated. The typical fatty acids of rapeseed oil, erucic and eicosenoic acids, were incorporated at different levels into the tissue lipids examined. After feeding the rapeseed oil diet for 1 week, the relative concentration of these fatty acids increased in the adrenals, while remaining similar in the heart, liver and testes. The relative concentration of eicosenoic acid was greater than that of erucic acid in all organs examined, except for the heart which contained equal amounts of these acids. Tissue levels of these acids in boars were compared to those found in rats fed the same rapeseed oil in previous studies. PMID- 1232600 TI - Studies on liver sulphurylase activity in rats: vitamin-A-deficient and low protein diets. AB - Studies on the sulphurylation of phenols by livers from normal and vitamin-A deficient rats showed a significant reduction in sulphurylating activity in the acute stage of deficiency. At the 'plateau stage' of deficiency, decrease in this activity was marginal and was not significant. Rats consuming a 6% casein diet had a significantly lower liver sulphurylating activity when compared to those fed 12 and 18% casein diets. Comparative data on the sulphurylating activity of rats maintained on diets providing poor-quality protein, i.e. ragi (Eleusine coracana) and maize (Zea mays) revealed a higher sulphurylating activity in the maize-fed group showing thereby that the amino acid composition of the protein apparently influences the enzyme activity associated with sulphurylation of phenols. It is thus shown that liver sulphurylating activity is influenced by quantity and quality of protein consumed. PMID- 1232601 TI - Some aspects of airways structure and function. PMID- 1232602 TI - Reflex control of airways smooth muscle. PMID- 1232603 TI - The physiological implications of airways smooth muscle constriction. PMID- 1232604 TI - Cholinergic and non-cholinergic pharmacology of the bronchioles. PMID- 1232605 TI - Parasympathetic regulation of lungs and airways. PMID- 1232606 TI - [Indications of various procedures in child psychotherapy]. PMID- 1232607 TI - [Help for sick children at the child guidance center]. PMID- 1232608 TI - [Incidence, somatic and social circumstances of behavior disorders in 10-year-old school children (social medicine study, I)]. PMID- 1232609 TI - [Psychological-diagnostic aspects and results in patients at a child-and adolescent psychiatry clinic]. PMID- 1232610 TI - [Structuring of counseling in child and adolescent psychiatry: an empirical study]. PMID- 1232611 TI - [Significance of the absence of the visual information system for the development of blind infants]. PMID- 1232612 TI - [Problem of non-discrete perception. An article form the biological point of view]. PMID- 1232613 TI - [Selective criteria for admission to a special school for the mentally handicapped]. PMID- 1232614 TI - [Psychotherapy of the secondary psychogenic problems in the minimal brain dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 1232615 TI - [Psychodynamics of neurotic failure states in adolescence]. PMID- 1232616 TI - [Theoretical reflections on the treatment of adolescents on the occasion of a literature review]. PMID- 1232617 TI - [Differences in the motivation of working mothers of boys and girls]. PMID- 1232619 TI - [Prediction of learning disorders. A kindergarten and primary school study]. PMID- 1232618 TI - [Pupils with learning and behavior disorders-results of a survey of teachers and special school teachers in an urban area in western Germany]. PMID- 1232620 TI - [Deficient achievement in arithmetic thinking in children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 1232621 TI - The "half and half fingernail", a clue to chronic renal failure (a clinical observation). PMID- 1232622 TI - Strategy for lupus nephritis. PMID- 1232623 TI - Return of renal function after commencing maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 1232624 TI - Acetate dialysance by the Dow-4 and Gambro 13.5 artificial kidneys. PMID- 1232625 TI - Evaluation of acetate tolerance during highly efficient hemodialysis. AB - Acetate clearance was found to approximate bicarbonate clearance and to be 10% lower than urea clearance under single pass in vitro conditions. Plasms acetate concentrations were significanlty higher in pre-dialysis samples than in control subjects and rose during hemodialysis to a wide range of post-dialysis levels. In 17% of patients plasma acetate exceeded 9.5 mM/L and range to 21.6 mM/L. The cause for this apparent acetate intolerance is probably multifactorial, since severe hyperacetatemia is not a constant finding for any specific patient. Correction of pre-dialysis acidosis may be impaired by acetate accumulation. PMID- 1232626 TI - Three years' experience with home peritoneal dialysis. AB - Our results to date indicate that home peritoneal dialysis is a sucessful, safe, and simple dialysis treatment which is accessible to virtually all patients who require chronic dialysis treatment. PMID- 1232628 TI - Academic content of a nephrology fellowship. PMID- 1232627 TI - Uremic pericardial tamponade. PMID- 1232629 TI - Clinical content of a nephrology fellowship. PMID- 1232630 TI - Nephrology opportunities in the military services. PMID- 1232631 TI - Institutional nephrology. PMID- 1232632 TI - The private practice of nephrology. PMID- 1232633 TI - Treatment of uremic pericardial effusion. PMID- 1232634 TI - Compact, travel hemodialysis system. PMID- 1232635 TI - A wearable artificial kidney: functional description of hardware and clinical results. PMID- 1232637 TI - Hemodialysis at a summer camp. AB - A successful pediatric hemodialysis program was established at a summer camp. The dialysis campers had an opportunity to develop peer relationships and improve their self image by mastery of new skills and by increasing their sense of independence. Families were able to gain perspective on their child's development. The program will be continued and expanded. Further efforts will be made to determine how a vaction dialysis program aids in the rehabilitation of a dialysis patient, PMID- 1232636 TI - Local steroid treatment of intractable ascites in dialysis patients. PMID- 1232638 TI - Cooperation and successful outcomes in home dialysis. AB - Cooperation among those involved in the triad of patient-partner-health professional is associated with desirable patient outcomes and has been demonstrated in 2 studies with consistent results. In the dyad analysis, cooperation between the patient and partner was associated with work and leisure activity. Spouses often encourage and facilitate the patients ability to engage in work and leisure activities and probably can impede activity equally well. The correlations of cooperation in the patient-doctor dyad with physical status and adherence is also of note. Many of the patients who have been on dialysis for several years and are doing well see their doctor for checkups only a few times a year, which might suggest patients' independence of their physicians or at least some distancing due primarily to the infrequency of contacts with each other. On the contrary, the data suggest some that the patient-doctor relationship remains important. Cooperation in the partner-doctor dyad did not relate to any of the patient outcomes; many of the partners and doctors hardly knew each other personally. Whether this is reflected by the data cannot be determined. How accurately triad members perceived each other (mutual perception) was related to adherence and total activity while trust was related to physical status and adherence. Empirical evidence has been presented to support the long held assumption that cooperation among those caring for a patient is associated with selected patient outcomes. The study also provides an alternative to the traditional model for interactions between health care providers and patients, which includes a family member. While the traditional model fits the needs of emergency and acute care situations effectively, the cooperation model is one alternative that may fit the different needs in the long term, self-care, chronic illness situation, which is the greatest health care delivery challenge of today and tommorrow. Patient and family responsibility for treatment and symptom management in home dialysis illustrates an extremely expensive, demanding and highly technological treatment pattern. The success of many of these families to assume this responsibility effectively and to maintain a productive and acceptable life style is a profound example, which designers of services for other chronically ill populations would do well to consider. Inclusion of the patient in establishing his treatment plan within the parameters of his own value system and life style may at times compromise the health professional's own idealistic needs for maximal wellness. The model proposed here would attempt to bring greater congruence between the patient, family and health professional's goals, legitimize the patients' rights to participate in planning and decison making which affect them to the degree which meets their own needs. Health professionals can educate and train patients, provide treatment means to better health, provide support for patient and family responsibility and facilitate informed decision making... PMID- 1232639 TI - [Determination of the normal limits of various biochemical parameters in a homogenous sub-population]. AB - Within the limits of a program of preventive medicine for the people in working age we have gived started to a proceeding of methods' standardization and definition of the limits of the "normal" variability of any biochemicals parameters. The research, beginned how quality control (day to day control, between batch control, inter-laboratory control) for the instrumentation in use (Autoanalyzer SMA 12/60) is continued defining for 12 bio-chemical constants the normal bounds of the variability in relation with sex and age of the individual subjects and this in prevision of an enlargement of those bounds with the view of the preventing in the local people. PMID- 1232640 TI - [Studies on the diagnostic value of various enzymatic activties in icterogenic hepatitis of infancy. II. Sorbitol dehydrogenase, guanase and argininosuccinate lyase]. AB - The AA. have determined the levels of argininesuccinatolyase (ASAL), sorbitoldehydrogenase (SDH) and guanase (GUA) in 65 cases of hepatitis of infancy, by comparison with the corresponding levels of transaminases. Of all the enzymes examined, transaminases were the most sensitive sign of liver damage, not only because of their more pronounced rise in the earlier stages of the disease, but also in consideration of their slower regression to normal values. The AA. nevertheless believe that a special significance can be assigned to the determination of SDH for its persistency to levels higher than the normal ones in prolonged hepatitis, and for its quick increase in the recurrences; its regression to normal values may be assumed as an early and clear sign for the demonstration of the stages indicative of recovery. PMID- 1232641 TI - [Pilot study on the Limulus test and apyrogenic injectable preparations]. AB - After some notices on the Limulus amebocyte lysate test the AA. expose the results of an investigation for in vitro pyrogen detection in parenteral preparations. PMID- 1232642 TI - [Double blind study on the effects of automobile driving with automatic and standard transmission on various physiological parameters]. AB - The main factors studied were the overall energy output and, in particular, the effects on the respiratory, cardiac and circulatory systems. The basic result was to demonstrate that while driving there occur more or less marked physiological modifications to these systems, which can be determined as to quantity; it seems clear that during particularly difficult conditions at the wheel or in subjects whose health is less than perfect, this can go as far as pathological situations. The values of catecholamines and their metabolites in the blood and urine were chosen as evaluation parameters. Catecholamines--that is, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine--are substances produced by the adrenal glands; they play an essential part in the "functioning" of the sympathetic nervous system (which has important tasks, such as that of regulating the organism's equilibrium especially in reactions to sudden events or emergency situations) and are a reliable indication of effort and stress. Their action is seen in stimulation of the nervous system, cardiac agitation, an increase in blood pressure and in the production of lactic acid, increases in the basal metabolism, and so on. An excessive amount of these substances in the blood can cause real damage, above all to the heart and brain, especially in organs already affected in some way. The subjects studied were healthy volunteers, ranging in age between 20 and 35 and of comparable height and weight. A sort of "cross-over" experiment was carried out, so that the same subject was first studied driving with one type of gear change and then, two days later, was studied in the same experimental conditions but driving a vehicle with the other type of gear change. Analysis of the blood and urine sample was carried out in "single blind-test" conditions, in the sense that the research worker did not know where the samples came from. The biochemical analyses of the blood were: 1) Gas-analysis; 2) Hemochrome; 3)LDH SGOT-Alkaline phosphatase; 4)Noradrenaline; 5)Cortisol. The following urine analyses were made: 1)Total catecholamines; 2)Vanillylmandelic acid. Clinical tests included: 1. Measurement of arterial pressure, at the beginning, at the end and during the driving period at the 30th and 90th minute. 2. Measurement of cardiac frequency,at the beginning, at the end and during the driving period at the same times. Blood pressure was measured by the auscultatory method, using an armband apparatus with aneroid capsule; cardiac frequency was measured at the wrist using the simple palpatory method, per 60 seconds. PMID- 1232643 TI - [Australia antigen and liver diseases. Report on personal cases and review of the literature]. AB - The AA. relate the results of HBsAg and homologous antibody research by count electrophoresis obtained in 274 patients with several chronic and acute liver diseases. Moreover, the most important data of literature are discussed trying to relate the different results of the various AA. to the different sensitivity of the detection techniques and to the difficulties of classifying some disease (chronic hepatitis) and also to the factors related to the geographic distribution of Australia antigen. On the basis of this discussion the AA. make some general consideration on the meaning of HBsAg in the liver disease especially in the chronic diseases and in the primary liver cell carcinoma. PMID- 1232644 TI - [Suicidal act from the viewpoint of the psychoanalytic theory of narcissism]. PMID- 1232645 TI - [Psychodynamics of narcolepsy. Case study]. PMID- 1232646 TI - [Freud and Piaget. Parallels and differences in 2 psychologies of development]. PMID- 1232647 TI - Editorial: Development of a specialty. PMID- 1232648 TI - A comparative study of free amino acids in coma of different aetiologies. AB - A comparative study of the concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of coma of different origins has been made. Hypotheses are put forward to explain the biochemical steps involved in cerebral metabolism of protein. PMID- 1232649 TI - Message from the president of the Casualty Surgeons Association (Great Britain). PMID- 1232651 TI - Attempted suicide with a pesticide mixture. AB - An attemped suicide with a pesticide mixture containing pentachlorophenol, benzene hexachloride, dieldrin, metaldehyde phenoxyacetate esters, paraquat, diquat and petroleum distillates, is reported. The prognosis initially seemed hopeless, but the patient was treated successfully by intensive care with early respiratory assistance. PMID- 1232650 TI - Intravenous diazepam narcosis in the treatment of injuries, with doxapram for recovery. AB - The effective use of diazepam for narcosis in cases of injury requiring painful manipulations is dependent on adequate dosage, titrated for each patient. Protection against the risk of occasional respiratory depression from this regime is consistently given by the use of intravenous doxapram, which also gives varying degrees of arousal. PMID- 1232652 TI - Comparison of the patient populations referred to the accident and emergency department outside working hours by general practitioners and by their deputizing services. AB - A comparison was made of the characteristics of patients referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast outside normal working hours by their own general practitioners and those referred by the general practitioner deputizing service during the same period. PMID- 1232653 TI - The site medical officer. PMID- 1232654 TI - The need for mock major accidents. PMID- 1232655 TI - [Prevalence of eye diseases in the Sahara]. PMID- 1232656 TI - [Eye complications in the long-term treatment with chloroquin. Study carried out in Togo]. PMID- 1232659 TI - Trachoma control in ethiopia. PMID- 1232657 TI - Methods for mass trachoma control in the Middle East. PMID- 1232658 TI - Trachoma control in Afghanistan. PMID- 1232660 TI - [Pterygium in the Central Sahara. Etiologic, clinical and etiopathogenetic study]. PMID- 1232661 TI - [Super-selective arteriography and embolization of the internal carotid]. AB - The aim of superselective arteriography of the internal carotid is to opacify the small calibre arteries which were only slightly visible or not visible at all previously, to isolate an arterial area and to study its anastomoses and its venous drainage. The use of the balloon probe makes it possible to explore the very winding branches of the carotid siphon and the branches of the Sylvian artery or of the anterior cerebral artery. With a balloon probe pierced at the end, one can inject a contrast substance thereby making it possible to carry out superselective arteriography. With an unpierced balloon probe, a branch of the Sylvian or of the anterior cerebral artery can be temporarily occlused in order to study (in an unanaesthetised patient) the possibility of cutting off this artery without neurological complications when it is supplying a malformation. The various methods of embolisation are reviewed (plastic bells, silicones, detachable balloons) as well as their advantages and their dangers. PMID- 1232662 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents. Complete tardive regressive course]. AB - In a consecutive series of 1018 cases of focal cerebro-vascular disease there were 42 cases of stroke followed by a full recovery after a variable time interval from 4 to 60 days. Some clinical features deserve mention: the vascular district involved was chiefly the carotid area; the onset was gradual in many cases; the impairment of consciousness was unusual; motor impairment was in many cases limited to one limb; the EEG and brain scan showed abnormalities in few cases with subsequent recovery; the angiographie examination showed occlusion of the sylvian artery in one case, severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery in one case, absence of visualisation of the terminal branches of the sylvian artery in 12 cases; the follow-up (mean duration years 4,25,SD +/- 2.09) showed a favourable course since subsequent stroke appeared in a minority of cases. The term "stroke with full recovery" and the problem of the sensitivity of the brain to oxygen deficiency is discussed. PMID- 1232663 TI - [Bismuth encephalopathy. A propos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1232664 TI - [Sylvian and brachial arterial embolism caused by migration of a fragment of thrombosis of the ascending aorta]. PMID- 1232665 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulas of the dura mater]. PMID- 1232666 TI - [Progressive myoclonic epilepsy: anatomo - clinical study of a sporadic case with a marked cerebellar symptomatology (author's transl)]. AB - A case of progressive myoclonic epilepsy (P.M.E.) is described. The clinical picture consisted of epileptic seizures, myoclonus and slight mental deterioration associated with a severe progressive cerebellar syndrome. The disease had a course of almost 20 years. Histological studies of the C.N.S. showed severe loss of Purkinje cells, sligth regressive changes in both dentate and olivary nuclei, nerve cells atrophy of anterior horn motoneurons, degeneration of Goll's and Burdach's spino-olivary and anterior spino-cerebellar tracts. Features of cellular lipidosis and/or neuronal amiloid inclusions were not seen. The case was therefore classified in the group of degenerative P.M.E. Its peculiar pathologic aspects consisted of slight but diffuse brain stem regressive changes associated with systemic degeneration involving the spino cerebellar pathways. The clinical features of our patient emphasize the problem of differential diagnosis between. P.M.E. and D.C.M. thought of by French authors to be an autonomous entity both clinically )severe cerebellar syndrome, intentional myoclonus, absence or late appearance of epilepsy, slight or absent mental deterioration) and anatomically (primary atrophy of the dentate system). However there are many cases, similar to the one reported, which have a clinical course suggesting a diagnosis of D.C.M., but which differ neuropathologically from Hunt's syndrome because of the absence of primary atrophy of the dentate system. These borderline cases give supporting evidence to the concept of continuity between classical P.M.E. and D.C.M., as well as to the authors' opinion that 1unt's syndrome must be classified as a varient of degenerative P.M.E. PMID- 1232667 TI - [Bisynchronous discharge of symmetrical cortical epileptogenic foci and thaurine resistence (author's transl)]. AB - The possible preventive action of taurine administered through a cortical perfusion, has been studied in bilateral and simmetrical foci with bisynchronous discharge. The data obtained showed that: 1)taurine preventive action is less remarkable in bilateral and simmetrical foci; 2) when administered trough the appropriate route, taurine always has a preventive antiepileptic effect. Our data, compared to those of Marcus e al., confirme that bisynchronous discharge, resistant to taurine preventive and terapeutic action, is the obligatory expression of interactions of bilateral and simmetrical foci. PMID- 1232668 TI - [On a case of Guillain - Barre's polyradiculoneuritis with arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - A twenty year old man affected by Guillain-Barre's radiculopolyneuritis with tetraparesis had high protein and only few cells in the C.S.F., with no cranial nerve involvement or respiratory difficulty. He had high arterial pressure (both diastolic and systolic) for about three months accompanied by episodes of tachycardia and hyperhydrosis. Investigations of renal functionas well as catecholamine and vanil-mandelic acid urinary excretion were normal. Tilting test and carotid sinus reflex were normal. The patient recovered almost completely eight months after the onset of his illness. The presence of arterial hypertension in the Guillain-Barre's syndrome has been rarely reported with no respiratory involvement; however this condition may be less rare than suspected. The pathogenesis of this complication is not easy to explain. According to the authors this condition may be due, in cases, to impairment of the sympathetic system mostly at peripheral level. In some cases of Guillain-Barre's syndrome renal involvement of immunopathological origin might be the cause of hypertension. The authors emphasize the importance of a correct evaluation of symptoms in the prognosis and in the choice of therapy. PMID- 1232670 TI - An attempt to use mortality statistics for the assessment of the health state of the population through an index of biological and social losses. PMID- 1232669 TI - [Verbal comprehension in aphasic and in normal subjects with a shortened version of the token test (author's transl)]. AB - A 36-item version of the token test is described together with its administration and scoring instructions. 215 normal subjects, 130 right brain-damaged patients, 50 non aphasic left brain-damaged patients and 106 aphasic patients were given the test. Years of schooling were found to affect significantly the performance of normal subjects; normal data were therefore examined with reference to individual educational background. Cutting scores differentiating normal from pathological performance were determined substracting 2 standard deviations from the means of normals subjects subdivided into four educational groups. Below these scores fell 4.2% of normal subjects, 14% of right brain-damaged patients, 18% of non-aphasic left brain-damaged patients and 90.48% of aphasic patients. Aphasic patients were classified as suffering from Global, Wernicke or Broca aphasia on the grounds of their performance on a Standard Aphasia Battery and the Token test scores of these three groups were compared. A score of 14 points was found to differentiate Broca from Global aphasics and severe from moderate and mild Wernicke aphasics. Broca aphasics were more impaired than Wernicke aphasics on the Token test. When compared to the Sentence Comprehension Test of the Standard Aphasia Battery, the Token test was found to be far more sensitive to detect impairment in aphasic subjects. PMID- 1232671 TI - [Aspects of radiation protection and spatial quarantine in cosmic biology]. PMID- 1232673 TI - To the problem of the necessity of a union of medical sciences and aesthetics. PMID- 1232672 TI - To the problem of theoretical fundamentals of medical ethics. PMID- 1232674 TI - "Social screening" of women threatened with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 1232675 TI - [Medical students study living and working conditions in a socialist town]. PMID- 1232676 TI - [Studies on the origin of endemic nephropathy reservoirs]. PMID- 1232677 TI - Effectiveness of mass radiophotographic examinations in tuberculosis control. Part I. Development of mass radiophatographic examination in Poland. PMID- 1232678 TI - [Suggestions for the reduction of medical radiation in pulmonary tuberculosis[]. PMID- 1232679 TI - [Otorhinolaryngological experiences in morbidity studies in a small town]. PMID- 1232680 TI - Symbiosis and the biology of lichenised fungi. PMID- 1232681 TI - [Changes in the Achilles reflexogram during a test of muscular effort. Comparison of the effect obtained with a beta sympathomimetic]. PMID- 1232682 TI - [Effect of isoprenaline and terbutaline on the Achilles reflexogram]. PMID- 1232683 TI - [Pharmacodynamic study of supraventricular tachycardia in the human. Beneficial role of atropine]. PMID- 1232684 TI - [Effect of acebutolol (M and B 17803, R 21823) on central sympathetic structures]. PMID- 1232685 TI - [Psychopharmacologic study and facilitating effects of papaverine adenine monophosphate on 2 types of learning in the rat and mouse]. PMID- 1232686 TI - [Pharmacodynamic properties of chromone carbamide of heptaminol in the central nervous system]. PMID- 1232687 TI - [Threshold and duration of tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II in the binephrectomized rat]. PMID- 1232688 TI - [Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on slow gastro-duodenal electrical activity. Study on the anesthetized rat]. PMID- 1232689 TI - [Pharmacodynamic study of the spasmolytic properties of pinaverium bromide]. PMID- 1232690 TI - [Lysis by papain of cartilage in the rabbit ear. Comparison of the protective effects of sodium salicylate and arginine salicylate]. PMID- 1232691 TI - [Post-traumatic psychoneuroses in the migrant worker]. PMID- 1232692 TI - [Obesity, physical activity and fasting. Apropos of a study of some metabolic parameters in Tunisia]. PMID- 1232693 TI - [Deafness in children in Tunisia (detection, etiology)]. PMID- 1232694 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the tongue]. PMID- 1232695 TI - Lens changes associated with long-term psychotropica therapy. PMID- 1232696 TI - A clinical report of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with the electrophysiological evaluation. PMID- 1232697 TI - Experimental study on the articular cartilage injured by minor cyclical impulsion. PMID- 1232698 TI - The significance of human placental lactogen estimated by radioimmunoassay in the studies of placental function and maternal lipid metabolism. PMID- 1232699 TI - Cyclie vomiting as autonomic seizure. PMID- 1232700 TI - Clinical studies on the secretion of plasma cortisol. I. Radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol. PMID- 1232701 TI - Ultrastructure of blood vessels of the iris in retinal pigmentary degeneration. PMID- 1232702 TI - Ultrastructure of blood vessels in the abnormal human iris. I. The iris of a diabetic. PMID- 1232703 TI - Electron microscopic study on the anterior chamber angles of normal and glaucomatous eyes. PMID- 1232704 TI - Electrophysiological studies on a case of thioridazine pigmentary retinopathy. PMID- 1232705 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observation of the tegumental structure of Diphyllobothriid cestodes. PMID- 1232706 TI - On a case of long term migration of Spirometra erinacei larva in the breast of a woman. PMID- 1232707 TI - Supplementary studies on metabolism of dehydrocholic acid: conversion to cholic acid in the rat liver. PMID- 1232708 TI - The effect of strychnine on membrane properties of spinal motoneurons in the cat. PMID- 1232709 TI - The electron microscopic study of enzymes in eosinophils. PMID- 1232710 TI - A study on the diverticular enlargement of the rat's submandibular duct. PMID- 1232711 TI - A karyotype study in Chiroptera (bats). PMID- 1232713 TI - Saccadic eye movement characteristics to the double-step stimuli. PMID- 1232712 TI - Clinical and statistical study of allergens in the allergic rhinitis. PMID- 1232714 TI - Cell patterns in open wound healing. Light and electron microscopic observations. PMID- 1232715 TI - Effects of high concentrations of sucrose in blood culture media with special reference to the cultivation of Salmonella typhi. PMID- 1232716 TI - [Effect of psychotropic drugs on achievement motivation: III. Differential effects on content categories]. PMID- 1232717 TI - [Comparison of altered states of consciousness induced by short-term sensory deprivation and (-)-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol]. PMID- 1232718 TI - [Measurement of delay of gratification in juvenile delinquents]. PMID- 1232719 TI - [Psychological and psychophysiological effect of repeated 4-hour intermittent "pink" noise]. PMID- 1232720 TI - [Dependance of the electroencephalogram on Eysenck's E and N personality dimensions and variously activating situations]. PMID- 1232721 TI - Effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the development of Xenopus laevis. II. Stages of differentiation. PMID- 1232722 TI - The origin of limb regenerates from cartilage grafts. PMID- 1232723 TI - [Teratogenic effects of treatment with antibodies common to the kidney and placenta, in rats]omuni a rene e placenta. PMID- 1232724 TI - The foetal mitochondrial apparatus. (I) Dehydrogenase activity in foetuses of the white rat, in relation to their position of uterine implantation. PMID- 1232725 TI - The cell cycle of 72 hour chick neuroepithelial cells. PMID- 1232726 TI - Reaggregation of cells dissociated from ascidian embryos. PMID- 1232727 TI - Structural analysis and in vitro function of chicken ribosomes isolated at various stages of embryonic development. PMID- 1232728 TI - The course of rotation in rat embryos after bisections of the axis. PMID- 1232729 TI - General and/or regional anesthesia for vascular surgery. A retrospective evaluation. AB - Two hundred sixty three patients for extrathoracic vascular surgery of the arterial vessels, were evaluated retrospectively in order to assess the role of regional anesthesia in this group. In 33.8% regional anethesia with or without some form of suppletion was considered to be the anesthetic of choice. Regional anesthesia is especially indicated in those patients admitted for intractable ischaemic pain. As an anesthetic for the surgical procedure, it should be considered as a choice possibility as good as general anesthesia and in some cases as a better one. PMID- 1232730 TI - "Latent" dislocation of the elbow joint. A factor in seemingly inexplicable post traumatic stiffness. PMID- 1232731 TI - [Elbow arthrolysis in post-traumatic rigidities]. PMID- 1232732 TI - [Arthrolysis with shortening of the humerus. A new solution for tight rigidity of long standing]. PMID- 1232733 TI - The problems relating to old dislocations and the restriction on elbow movement. PMID- 1232734 TI - [Arthrolysis of the elbow]. PMID- 1232735 TI - [Elbow rigidity. Orthopedic and surgical treatment]. PMID- 1232736 TI - [Treatment of elbow rigidities caused by old trauma]. PMID- 1232737 TI - [Treatment of elbow rigidity in the adult]. PMID- 1232738 TI - The use of the Stevens-Street elbow prosthesis. PMID- 1232739 TI - [Total elbow prostheses]. PMID- 1232740 TI - Our experience of elbow's arthroplasty with the GSB prosthesis. PMID- 1232741 TI - Elbow replacement with the R. Dee prosthesis. PMID- 1232742 TI - A new elbow replacement. PMID- 1232743 TI - Total replacement of the elbow with (St.-Georg) prothesis. PMID- 1232744 TI - Total replacement of the elbow with the "St.-Georg" prosthesis. PMID- 1232745 TI - Eight years of experience with endoprostheses for the elbow joint. PMID- 1232746 TI - Eight years of experience with endoprotheses for the elbow joint. PMID- 1232747 TI - [Posterior luxation of the elbow. Experimental study]. PMID- 1232748 TI - [Epidemiological research in child psychiatry. Diagnostic reference of specific developmental disorders (psychomotor, speech and language disorders)]. PMID- 1232749 TI - Effects of environmental lighting on the function of the pineal gland. AB - The pineal has undergone marked changes as vertebrates have evolved from amphibians to mammals. The amphibian pineal is a photoreceptive organ which sends nervous information to the brain via pineal nerves: the mammalian and avian pineal have no direct connections to the CNS and their metabolism is controlled by an indirect pathway involving their peripheral sympathetic nerves. In addition, the pinealocytes of some birds also function as photoendocrine transducers, i.e., they convert a photic input reaching them directly through the skull into a hormone output. Through the secretion of melatonin and of some as yet undefined low molecular weight peptides, the pineal participates in the control of other neuroendocrine rhythms such as seasonal cycles in gonadal function. PMID- 1232750 TI - Age-dependent changes of uridine nucleotide and RNA metabolism in the brain of normal and hypothyroid rats. AB - The effects of neonatal thyroidectomy on the incorporation in vivo of labelled orotic acid into acid-soluble uridine nucleotides, nuclear RNA and microsomal RNA of the rat brain were studied at 10 and 30 days of age. It was found that the conversion of orotate into uridine nucleotides is high at the earliest stage and does not change upon maturation. At any stage, the neonatal lack of thyroid function does not effect the conversion of orotate into uridine nucleotides. Neonatal thyroidectomy led to a significant decrease in the synthesis of cerebral RNA only at 10 days after birth. PMID- 1232751 TI - The involvement of androgens in the control of epididymal protein synthesis and amino acid transport in the rat. AB - The effect of androgen withdrawal upon different parameters of the rat epididymis has been investigated, as well as the early response of these to the readministration of testosterone. The weight, protein and RNA content of the epididymides decreased after castration. However, their response to a single injection of 6 mg testosterone propionate in oil administered 24 hr before sacrifice, varied according to the parameter examined. Epididymal weight increased after androgen was given to rats castrated for 3 days or less. The protein content was moderately elevated when testosterone was administered to rats castrated for 3, 6 or 13 days. The RNA content increased sharply after androgen, the magnitude of the response being proportional to the duration of castration. These changes in epididymal trophism were dramatically illustrated by the 50% decrease in amino acid incorporation into acid insoluble material already measurable 24 hr after castration. This effect was reverted by testosterone propionate administered 24 hr before sacrifice. The free alcohol form of testosterone given at the same dose induced a significant increase in this parameter as early as 12 hr after its intraperitoneal injection. Finally, we could demonstrate the existence of active transport of amino acids into the epididymal cells and the stimulatory effect of testosterone upon this function. PMID- 1232752 TI - Effects of testosterone on bone marrow erythroid cells of normal and nephrectomized rats. AB - Continuous infusions of testosterone for 8 hr exerted a stimulatory effect on the bone marrow erythroid compartment of normal rats. However, simultaneous administration of testosterone with antiserum against erythropoietin resulted in a complete inhibition of the erythropoietic effects of testosterone. In addition, the stimulatory action of testosterone on bone marrow erythroid cells was completely abolished in rats with bilateral nephrectomy. These results suggest that testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis indirectly, through a previous stimulation of kidney erythropoietin production. PMID- 1232753 TI - Swiss albino mouse brain gangliosides: biophysical studies. AB - The brain gangliosides mixture of Swiss albino mice were studied from a biophysical viewpoint. The value of v found was 0.577 ml/g. The isoelectric point gave a value of 1.50, which is in agreement with the presence of sialic acid groups. The isoionic point, 2.76, is close to the pKa for sialic acid. The number average molecular weight determined in the presence of ions was 229000, while in the absence of ions it was 78000, this weight suggesting a low degree of aggregation. The[eta] value of 3.56 and 4.84 in both the presence and absence of ions would indicate an asymmetrical micelle and/or more solvate than a rigid or impermeable sphere. The value of S020, w in the presence of ions was 9.19, while in their absence it was 7.65, corresponding to a lower molecular weight coincident with that found for Mn. Hydrodynamic relations permit the supposition that the brain gangliosides mixture of Swiss albino mice is not a symmetrical micelle, since the frictional and symmetry ratio found is equal to 1.29, which corresponds to an axial ratio of 6. The value of D is equal to 2.30 X 10(-7) cm2/sec; this fact is even more suggestive that we are not dealing with a symmetrical micelle. It was not possible to calculate the molecular weight using equations under the assumption that gangliosides are a spherical micelle. It was concluded that they might be a prolate ellipsoid of revolution. PMID- 1232754 TI - [Effect of protein-free diet on sulfobromophthalein hepatic transport (author's transl)]. AB - Initial plasma disappearance rate and biliary excretion of intravenously injected sulfobromophthalein were studied in Wistar female rats fed a normal or a protein free diet. Proteins and sulfobromophthalein distribution in the liver were studied by a gel filtration method. The results suggest that protein deficiency may produce an impaired sulfobromophthalein transference from plasma to liver cell due to a reduction of total hepatic proteins and of sulfobromophthalein binding protein fraction responsible for liver uptake. PMID- 1232755 TI - Carbon monoxide and erythropoietin production in mice. AB - The effects of hypoxemia caused by hypoxia (H-H) and CO (H-CO) on the production of erythropoietin (ESF) in mice were investigated. When mice breathed for 6 hr mixtures of air containing 0.1% of CO or a mixture of air and nitrogen with a pO2 of 52 mm Hg, the tissue pO2 as measured by the gas pocket technique was 16.9 +/- 1.1 and 17.1 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. Plasma ESF content in H-CO mice, however, was twice higher than in the H-H mice. The greater ESF production in H-CO was associated to a significantly less hyperventilatory response as measured by acid-base balance changes and to a lower O2 consumption and was interpreted as the result of displacement of the OHb curve in opposite directions. The ESF organ appears thus to be sensitive to variations in the amount of O2 delivered to the tissues but independent of the arterial pO2. PMID- 1232756 TI - Physiology and pharmacology of the contractile function of two regions of the non gravid uterine muscle of the rat. PMID- 1232757 TI - Pharmacological influences upon the contractile activity of isolated guinea pig epididymis. PMID- 1232758 TI - Metabolic factors involved in the uterine motility of the rat. PMID- 1232759 TI - Synthesis of prolactin and RNA in rat adenohypophysis after prolonged administration of estrogens. PMID- 1232760 TI - The rat pineal gland. A model for studying the interactions between sex steroids and the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 1232761 TI - [Influence of traumatizing factors during captivity on somatic and psychiatric morbidity in former prisoners of war]. AB - This study tries to evidence the effect of past traumatic experiences of the present somatic and psychiatric morbidity of the former POW. One hundred POWs hospitalized at the Ste-Ode Center for former prisonners of war and political prisonners having spent five years in the German and Austrian camps were submitted to a semi-structured interview. The number of traumatic experiences spontaneously reported has been compared with the present score on the Cornell Index form N2. The results show a relation between both data: a former POW who had undergone a minimum number of traumas significantly appears to be anxious, asthenic, nervous, with a predisposition to depression and psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 1232762 TI - [Psychological resistances of women to the principal female methods of contraception. Clinical classification]. AB - According to the literature and to the experience of the authors gathered at the family department at the Louvain Faculty of Medicine, these psychological resistances may schematically be classified as follows: normative and socio cultural resistances; medical resistances (wish of pregnancy, personality traits, narcissm, sexual and technical resistances); psychopathological resistances (unspecific neurotic behavior, phobias, hypochondriasis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, character neurosis); secondary resistances. PMID- 1232763 TI - [Presidential address: Psychiatry and psychopathology: limitations and changes]. PMID- 1232764 TI - [Sexual impotence: clinical and existential context]. AB - A simple classification in global impotence and erective impotence appears closer to reality than more sophisticated but more arbitrary classification. In the majority of cases, impotence reflects a global psychological dysfunction. Psychogenic impotents are most of the time inferiorized subjects alledging organic or other non justified factors to their disorder. Generally, they are peaceful, obsessive, often hypothymic; they express disgust for the body, suffer various somatic dysfunctions due to the sexual stasis; they have difficulties in communicating with things and beings. As compared to erective impotents, it seems that the global impotents have a more rigid father, are among the younger sibblings and have more brothers and sisters. The author describes further some observations of partners and of couples, as well as etiological and prognostic factors. PMID- 1232765 TI - [Introduction to psychosomatic medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Psychosomatic medicine is a "holistic" conception of pluricausal medicine which has as an objective to study not the isolated disease, but the sick man, that is the humanised patient in his most complete nosological and ecological perspective. Numerous arguments seem to indicate the reality of clinical and experimental links between emotional life, psychic troubles and the dysfunctioning of organs or the apparition of visceral lesions. Anatomical and physiological studies play a capital role at the level of the hypothalamus, limbic system and at different neuroendocrinological systems (pituitary, corticoadrenal and medulloadrenal). On the experimental level, beside confining ulcers obtained by different technics on the laboratory rat, one must insist on the experiments of Weiss who showed that the peptic ulcers of the rat, under certain conditions, depend on two variables: the number of stimuli which the animal must face and the informative feedbacks more or less useful, which it receives in return. The investigations undertaken on the sick man show the importance of functional troubles with respect to anomalies of the autonomic nervous system or anomalies of intramural ganglions, which explain perhaps the notion of target organs for the troubles. Considering the most recent concepts which valorise the role of genetic factors in the determination of psychosomatic diseases, one can conceive that psychological determinants, affective or environmental, are cofactors which integrate themselves with somatic, genetic, constitutional and nutritional factors to produce the final morbid picture. PMID- 1232766 TI - [The significance of digestive troubles of children in a psychosomatic perspective (author's transl)]. AB - The description of digestive pathology in the child, seen through the psychosomatic angle, shows how this appears to be different from that in the adult. Aside from the rare cases in the scholar period, then later in the adolescent period, this pathology does not shed any light on the morbid entity clearly defined insofar as etiopathology. However, there are a series of alimentary and digestive symptoms. The value of these symptoms must always be understood through double optics of affective characteristics relative to the child of a given age and the characteristics of the personality of the parents, particularly the mother in the case of a very young child. The notion of a somatic basis favoring the trouble in the child appears indissociable from the psychosomatic concept. It is probably this fundamental factor which is of determining value and almost exclusively in the early onset of an ulcer in the child less than two years of age. The gastroenterologist should pay special attention to the affective development of the child; he can hardly predict the evolution towards a psychosomatic pathology insofar as the physiology as well as psychology are labile and plastic and that their alterations are a function of the different variables proper to the child and related to the conditions of the entourage which direct impact and interference are difficult to predict. PMID- 1232767 TI - [Psychoanalytical nosography and digestive pathology (author's transl)]. AB - The author states that aside from two major digestive psychosomatic conditions, peptic ulcer and ulcero-hemorragic colitis, one only encounters in the adult a widespread psychosomatic pathology, that is to say: 1 degree phenomena of hysterical conversion (gravidic vomiting for example); 2 degrees digestive phenomena concomitant with emotional reactions (diarrhea and anxiety, hypersecretion and anger, constipation and depression etc.); 3 degrees digestive manifestations accompanying anxiety neurosis; 4 degrees authentic functional diseases, such as the irritable colon corresponding to a well defined personality structure. The author concludes this article by some considerations of psychosomatic symptoms observed by the psychoanalyst; he specifically relates the role of the body barrier, the implication of reality and finally the very particular fantasies found in these psychosomatic patients. PMID- 1232769 TI - [Psychological aspects of ulcerous gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1232768 TI - [The gastroduodenal peptic ulcerous disease (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief history of gastroduodenal ulcer since the 19th century, the authors discuss the question of its uniqueness. Upon clinical, biological and genetic grounds, it seems possible to distinguish two different kinds of ulcers. Ulcers situated above the junction between fundic and antropyloric mucosae could possibly be the consequence of biliary reflux, while ulcers situated below this junction would be associated with hyperchlorhydria. Some properties of gastrin, which is responsible for Zollinger-Ellison syndromes I and II, are cited. Presently, gastrin cannot be considered as the primary cause of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1232770 TI - [Psychological aspects of ulcerative rectocolitis (author's transl)]. AB - Ulcerative rectocolitis has been known for quite some time as a psychosomatic disease, it is an organic disease occurring in people with a particular personality rendering them susceptible to certain conflicts or stress which would be able to play a causing role in the appearance or exacerbations of the disease. Insofar as the psychological study is concerned, there are two important points to keep in mind: the role of psychological trauma as a stimulating factor and the basic personality. In 90% of the cases observed, psychological factors are found as provoking the hemorrage, as found by Groen and confirmed by the author. The basic personality is generally the obsessional type with a hypersensibility to rejection and hostility, sometimes of a paranoid dimension. The aggressivity is almost always repressed. The doctor-patient relationship indicates an important dependency as well as a passivity on the part of the patient. Furthermore, these patients rarely express their feelings, even if their behavior is indicative of experiencing intense emotion. By further experimentation, it has been established that these patients have a greater neuro-vegetative fragility than controls, thus demonstrating a greater vulnerability to stress. A pathological relationship between mother and child has almost always been proven. Finally, the principal causal psychological factor in this disease seems to be a relational conflict unresolved between specific figures. The role of psychotherapy influences greatly the disease evolution. the author recounts an interesting research of 900 ulcerative colitis patients, undertaken by O'Connor. In order to insure favorable therapeutic results in ulcerative rectocolitis, one must carefully coordinate a psychological and somatic treatment. PMID- 1232771 TI - [Ulcerative rectocolitis: autogenous training. On serveral serious cases (author's transl)]. AB - Three patients, suffering from severe ulcerative rectocolitis which could require surgery, were significantly improved by standard exercises of autogenous training with a combination of drug treatment. Somatic morbid signs (clinical as well as rectoscopical) were disappearing through the establishment of a better adaptation to reality. The importance of the therapeutic frame is underlined. PMID- 1232772 TI - [Therapeutic approach in psychosomatic gastroenterology (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic approach in psychosomatic medicine requires the somatician to keep psychological factors in mind and the psychiatrist to recall the somatic complaint. The therapeutic attitude will be different according to the psychofunctional problem or an authentic psychosomatic disease. However, in every case, the total patient must be considered and a good doctor-patient relationship must be established. Thanks to this relationship, the doctor can better understand the emotional and intellectual aspects of his patient and therefore plan his therapeutic purposes. Thus it takes into consideration the following: 1. reducing the anxiety by explaining to the patient the possible correlations between his complaints and emotional factors; 2. adopting a supportive attitude; 3. offering to the patient the possibility to explain verbally certain repressed ideas (ventilation psychotherapy); 4. manipulating, if necessary, the milieu in which the patient lives (treatment centered on the environment); 5. starting a deep rooted psychotherapy in certain cases. The problem of psychosomatic diseases in gastro-enterology, like duodenal ulcer and hemorragic ulcerative colitis, is discussed in more details. Concerning duodenal ulcer, one can distinguish between two levels of psychotherapy: 1. psychological approach for the gastro enterologist with a proper background in the psychological approach of patients; 2. psychotherapy. Anyway, the treatment of this disease is always multidimensional, utilizing both psychological and drug treatment. Concerning hemorragic ulcerative colitis, supportive psychotherapy is crucial during the acute phase. It takes effect by an entire affective relationship with the patient and the all therapeutic team. During a remission, the therapist must provide the patient with the type of relationship he desires, and be available to the patient. In some cases, a deep psychotherapy should be used, even in conjunction with somatic care. PMID- 1232773 TI - [Reflections on supervision problems in a team of psychotherapists]. AB - The author presents some thoughs on the experience resulting from a 3 year individual supervision in the "Centre de Guidance Infantile" (Child Guidance Center) of the University of Louvain. The aim of the supervision is essentially the formation for child and adolescent psychotherapy. This supervision is done inside the Center, to be consistant, but this structure is causing some problems of interference : problems of responsability from the supervisors to the Center, to the patients ; problems of authority for the supervised ; problems of affective relationships between supervisors and supervised. To resolve these difficulties, the supervisors have established spontaneously regulations enabling them to limit as much as possible these interferences. PMID- 1232775 TI - [Work in child psychiatry teams in the United States of America]. AB - To constitute a treating team with persons whose roles are not well defined and whose goals are often confuse, and however providing an efficient work ; to have a constant approach despite changing needs and milieu ; to adapt new solutions integrating the social dimension of the child : those are the three tasks which US child psychiatry teams are apparently working on. PMID- 1232774 TI - [Indications for individual child psychotherapy in a Guidance Center]. AB - The aim of this article is to describe how we conceptualise in practical indications of individual psychotherapy in the frame of the consultation of a guidance center. We will not review the literature concerned with this subject. We shall start with the study of the following factors : parents, family, reality features (distance, time, money...). Then, we study the positive and negative features in the child. We explain first all we consider to be the main obstacles in the psychic structure of the child. Then we describe in detail the favorable elements to the psychotherapeutic work. We also recall cases who, without being impossible to treat, require a big experience from the therapist, because of complexity and demand. They are sometimes treated in our unit, according to the disponibility of the therapists. In conclusion, we indicate that the choice of psychotherapy depends not only from the sick child and his familial milieu, but also from the therapist who will involve himself in this type of treatment. PMID- 1232776 TI - [Deprived socio-cultural environment and the work of fragmentation]. AB - The author tries to comprehend the child culturally handicapped, not as a problem in itself, but as an expression of the dominering-dominated relationship in a given society. PMID- 1232777 TI - [Child of the 4th world]. AB - The authors underlines some aspects of the life of children from the Fourth World, which explain their unavoidable failure in the actual scholar system. The social and cultural exclusion experienced in their milieu causes a lack of self confidence in the parents, a fact which disturbs heavily the physical, affective and intellectual development of the children, as well as their socialisation. PMID- 1232778 TI - [Modalities of therapeutic approach to marginal milieux]. AB - The present work focuses on a longitudinal study of 15 families, followed by the social service of the "Ecole de plein Air" where these children were placed. The social workers were thus accepted with a sense of trust. They could continue the relation with the school but farther help on the pedagogic level, which showed that they could share. The psychiatrist and the psychological service have only provided the specialised information as well as supervision. Underestimation and defense reactions regarding usual criteria dissuade individual care for children of such circles, which always were failures. The unity of life in a school and educative setting has to be the reinforcing attitude along with familial action. PMID- 1232779 TI - [Primary prevention in the school environment]. AB - School failure are massive and related to social class. This situation requires a new conceptual and methodological frame. Indeed, more and more studies are unable to explain psychopathologically or sociologically on individual or familial cultural characteristics. Short term interventions require to take into account pedagogical and institutional mechanisms which convert cultural differences into school failures. In particualr, evaluation criteria utilised in de testing school inadaptation or to controle knowledge, play an important selective role. Among other interventions aimed maximising the educational process, realised in a national research, the author presents an attempt in mastery learning applied to fundamental education in first class. In this prespective, all children are asked to perform well defined operational objectives. The formative evaluation (as opposed to the normative evaluation) is totally integrated in effects of schooling. This type of intervention is not presented as a "model", but as a possibility to limit school failure. The mastery learning is one of the strategies which could be invested in a more global project where primary prevention and real democratisation of education would be simultaneously conceptualised. PMID- 1232780 TI - [Methodological problems in the search for the causes of school failure at the elementary teaching level]. AB - In France, these failures are massively found in children from the working class. For a better understanding of the causes of failures, and their genesis, the studies of Cresas are essentially based on maternal school (2-6 years). The research is directed in three concordant directions : analysis of the institution, analysis of the various social milieu of children, psychological evolution of the children facing school. The team of the working group "cognition and school adaptation" focuses on the relationship between cognitive development, socio-cultural background and school adaptation. During five years of work, the team has recognised various methodological problems such as : questioning of comparative studies, attempt to approach children predisposed to group active learning failures, implication of researchers in a school, difficulties on the pedagogic organisational and institutional levels. The conclusions insist on questioning the concept of social handicap by considering the examination situation relating factors regarding the children's background, school action and the researchers position itself. Finally, there is an important comment to situate the problem : the notion of social handicap is related to the political and economic organisation. PMID- 1232781 TI - [Conclusions of the study day of the Societe belge de Psychiatrie infantile et des disciplines connexes, 19 October, 1974, on "The search for solutions for school-age children from disadvantaged sociocultural milieux"]. PMID- 1232782 TI - [Problems of reception in a guidance center]. AB - The aim of this communication is not to criticise the work of guidance, but to analyse its efficiency and validity in order to formulate concrete proposals. One can distinguish three periods in the evolution of the work in a guidance center. In the first period, it is a methodological concern which presided to this type of work. In the second period, one thought that there was to many preliminary investigations and it was decided to take the child in treatment more rapidly. During the third period, the attention has primarily be centered on the child's problems. The author suggests some solutions. He considers it is necessary to abandon the multidisciplinary approach. He advises to always consider one case at the time within a therapeutic and diagnostic frame. Therapy has to be conducted by one person, even if this person has to treat the whole family. PMID- 1232783 TI - [Team and education and the Centre Universitaire de Guidance infantile at Woluwe (Brussels)]. AB - Description of the center for child guidance at the University of Louvain where take place supervision and training role games, as described in the next three articles. It is a new center, specialised in postgraduated training for doctors and psychologists in the area of child guidance, analytical individual psychotherapy for children and family therapy. The training programmes are being described. PMID- 1232784 TI - [Structuralizing role playing in training]. AB - The role playing utilised in the training of members of a guidance team, especially during technical seminars, may require a structure which protects participants and liberates their personality. A first part describes the spirit and technics most used, of the type "laboratory of human relations". A second part analyses by point differences between structured role playing and therapeutical psychodrama. PMID- 1232785 TI - [Importance of role playing in a professional training group]. AB - Role playing constitutes a precious instrument in training responible people for help relations. It permits to by-pass defense mechanisms through induced avoidance in group situation. It makes personal involvment easier, for efforts as well as for representations, and permits to confront reality in the other person. Under the control of the animator, the player has always the right to limit his personal involvment within the boundaries he wishes : this combination of facilitation and involvment framing is especially interesting. PMID- 1232786 TI - [Role playing and training for individual psychotherapy: some disadvantages to avoid]. AB - The author first describes briefly the outcome of a session. He then indicates some positive aspects of this method : better understanding of the patient's attitudes ; desinhibition of the spontaneity of the psychotherapist and better self-understanding, increase in facility in gesture and nursing ; questioning of psychotheapeutic ideals not yet integrated. The second part of the communication is devoted to inconveniences to avoid : alienation in new group psychotherapeutic goals, increase to tendencies to "voyeurisme" and absence of analysis of transferential processes. The advantages of the method outrange the eventuel inconveniences, especially when it is possible resove them. PMID- 1232787 TI - Occurrence of L-forms in a case of generalized mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. PMID- 1232788 TI - [The role of the mucus in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1232789 TI - Applications of volume (flow) and pressure plethysmography. PMID- 1232790 TI - [A new case of acute renal failure, with high hemolysis, after rifampicin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1232791 TI - [Morgagni's hernia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1232793 TI - Suicides in literature: their ego function. PMID- 1232792 TI - [Is the association of asbestosis with lung tuberculosis still a separate entity? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1232794 TI - [Effects of electrostimulation of the dorsomedian and lateral amygdaloid nuclei on cerebral electrogenesis and arterial pressure. Suggestions concerning the physiopathogeny of epilepsy]. PMID- 1232795 TI - Circadian changes in the ongoing bioelectrical activity of brain and vegetative nerves in chronic cats. PMID- 1232796 TI - Fluctuations in the vagal and sympathetic tone connected with the circadian cycle and the wakefulness-sleep cycle. PMID- 1232797 TI - [Principal 17-ketosteroid fractions and the microscopic appearance of the adrenal glands, the pituitary, and the testicles in guinea pigs exposed to radiation and protected by neurotropic substances]. PMID- 1232798 TI - [Metabolic study of piracetam in neurosurgical resuscitation]. PMID- 1232799 TI - [Anesthesia records]. PMID- 1232800 TI - [Regulation of thirst by the amygdalae: electroencephalographic and behavioral results]. PMID- 1232801 TI - The effect of glycine on bulbo-spinal vascular regulating systems. PMID- 1232802 TI - Selective participation of bivalent ions in the excitation-contraction coupling in the stomach smooth muscle. PMID- 1232803 TI - Spontaneous electrical activity in smooth muscles of the complex stomach and its changes under the influence of Na+ and Ca++ ions. PMID- 1232804 TI - The influence of isoprenaline beta-adrenergic stimulation on erythropoiesis in white rats. PMID- 1232805 TI - ["Constant state" hormonal regulation and central nervous servo-mechanism in the control of hypophyseal-adrenal function. Role of neuromodulators and of the environment]. PMID- 1232806 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the plasma norepinephrine level in the adrenalectomized rabbit]. PMID- 1232807 TI - [Effect of a monoamine oxydase inhibitor (nialamide) on arterial hypertension following exposure to aversive stimuli and on cerebral beta glucuronidase activity]. PMID- 1232808 TI - An experimental model for functional investigations on juxtamedullary nephrons in conscious rats. PMID- 1232809 TI - Characterisation of renal tubular transport processes in rats. PMID- 1232810 TI - [Thyroid-adrenal correlations at the end of pregnancy and soon after delivery]. PMID- 1232811 TI - [Materno-fetal thyroid interrelations immediately after delivery]. PMID- 1232812 TI - [Post-concussion "subjective" syndrome. Historical review. Importance of posturographic study]. PMID- 1232814 TI - [Post-traumatic neuroses, apropos of a film]. PMID- 1232813 TI - [Experimental project of evaluation of the socalled subjective syndrome of patients with head injuries]. PMID- 1232815 TI - [Radiography of the cervical spine during postconcussional syndrome]. PMID- 1232816 TI - [Cerebral injuries and intracranial localization]. PMID- 1232817 TI - [Stereotaxic brain stem lesions in the rat which result in tonic postural disorders. I. Behavioral aspects]. PMID- 1232818 TI - [Stereotaxic brain stem lesions in the rat which result in tonic postural disorders. II. Neurohistological aspects]. PMID- 1232819 TI - [Stereotaxic brain stem lesions in the rat resulting in tonic postural disorders. III. Biochemical aspects]. PMID- 1232820 TI - [Postural disorders after experimental head injuries in mice. Behavioral and biochemical aspects]. PMID- 1232821 TI - Quantitative description of vagal-escape in isolated rabbit atrium. PMID- 1232822 TI - Changes in the arterial blood pressure responses of hypertensive rats to some drugs acting on the central sympathetic mechanisms. PMID- 1232823 TI - Response to noradrenaline and 14C-noradrenaline uptake of vascular strips in experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 1232824 TI - To the pharmacology of iridoids. PMID- 1232826 TI - Influence of the sino-carotid baroreceptors on the regulation of hemodynamics. PMID- 1232825 TI - Role of the prostaglandines in the regulation of the cerebral blood circulation. PMID- 1232827 TI - Cardiovascular actions of a prenylamine derivative of a new type. PMID- 1232828 TI - Effect of physical exercise on changes of the hemodynamics in dogs with a denervated heart. PMID- 1232829 TI - Dependence of the atrioventricular conduction on the cardiac rate upon increased vagal activity. PMID- 1232830 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria upon copper deficiency. PMID- 1232831 TI - Antibody production in different terms after thymectomy of adult guinea-pigs. PMID- 1232832 TI - Correlative dependence between oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood lactate and acid-base equilibrium at interval loading in laboratory conditions. PMID- 1232833 TI - Distribution of liver and heart aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes after ultrasonic treatment. PMID- 1232834 TI - Vitamin B12 content in the complex stomach of small ruminants receiving propionic acid and sodium propionate in the food. PMID- 1232835 TI - Influence of kempferol-rhamnorobinoside on potassium transport of erythrocytes. PMID- 1232836 TI - "In vitro" effect of oxytocin on the contractile and bioelectric activity of different smooth muscles. PMID- 1232837 TI - On the mechanism of some organophosphorus compounds influence on the functional state of the rat thyroid. PMID- 1232838 TI - Studies on the transfer of copper from ceruloplasmin to mitochondria. PMID- 1232839 TI - [Lesions of the brain stem in patients with head injuries (anatomical study)]. PMID- 1232840 TI - [Post-concussion syndrome. Rheographic and statokinesimetric aspects]. PMID- 1232841 TI - [Rheographic and pharmacological aspects of the subjective syndrome in patients with head and neck injuries]. PMID- 1232842 TI - [Cervical nystagmus in the sequelae of head and neck injuries]. PMID- 1232843 TI - [Frequent complication of head injuries: insufficient convergence]. PMID- 1232844 TI - [2 reflex stages in equilibrium provoked by the proprioceptors of the ocular muscles. Analysis using Fukuda's step test and the orthostatic reflex test]. PMID- 1232845 TI - [Clinical study of disorders of postural equilibrium in 40 patients with neck or head and neck injuries presenting with subjective syndrome]. PMID- 1232846 TI - [Psychometric examination of patients with post-concussion syndrome]. PMID- 1232847 TI - [Disturbance of tonic postural activity of the legs in the sitting position during horizontal eye movements, seen in some post-concussion syndrome of trunk origin]. PMID- 1232848 TI - A stabilographic study of the role of optic stimuli in maintaining the postural position in patients suffering from postconcussional dizziness. PMID- 1232849 TI - [Passing of antibiotics through the placenta and their effect on embryonic and fetal development]. PMID- 1232851 TI - [Change of amidinotransferase activity of blood serum and urine in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232850 TI - [Complex study of kidney function and electrolyte metabolism in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232852 TI - [Water-electrolyte homeostasis in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232853 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and its relationship with certain electrolytic and biochemical indicators in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232854 TI - [Effect of zygosity of the fetuses on the incidence of toxemias in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 1232855 TI - [Immunobiological prerequisites for the prognosis of late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232856 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the placenta in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232857 TI - [Delayed autoallergy in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232858 TI - [Characteristics of the course of late pregnancy toxemias in women with chronic pyelonefritis]. PMID- 1232859 TI - [Hysterotonometry in normal pregnancy, late pregnancy toxemias, and normal and pathologic labor]. PMID- 1232860 TI - [Management of labor in hypertensive forms of late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232861 TI - [Effect of arfonad on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of parturients with late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232862 TI - [Use of droperidol in the complex treatment of severe forms of late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1232863 TI - [Characteristics of excretion of luteinizing hormone after timely labor]. PMID- 1232864 TI - [Morpho-functional indicators of the epithelial component of the endometrium depending on the duration of administration of barbituric acid derivatives]. PMID- 1232865 TI - [Steroid metabolism in the mother-placenta-fetus system during pregnancy]. PMID- 1232866 TI - [Significance of determination of gonadotropic function of the hypophysis in women with puerperal neuro-endocrine diseases]. PMID- 1232867 TI - [Certain immunologic indicators in miscarriage]. PMID- 1232868 TI - [Certain hematologic indicators in long-term experimental use of estrogens]. PMID- 1232869 TI - [Resuscitation and intensive treatment in hemorrhage connected with obstetric pathology]. PMID- 1232870 TI - [Problems of methodology in radioimmunologic determination]. PMID- 1232871 TI - [Clucagon]. AB - Only in 1969 reliable information about glucagon and its different forms was acquired. Some factors are already known to increase or diminish the production both of pancreatic glucagon (nesidioglucagon) and of enteroglucagon. There are various methods for their study. In the present report some results are dealt with that may be of clinical interest, and the possibility of measuring those two kinds of hormones is pointed out as a diagnostic help in reactive and functional hypoglycemic syndromes. Information about glucagon in clinical medicine, however, is still -- on the whole -- scarce and insufficient to throw light on its several physiological and physiopathological aspects. PMID- 1232872 TI - [Somatotropic hormone]. AB - A dosage of the somatotrope hormone (HGH) is carried out whenever a deficiency or excess in hormone secretion is suspected. An insufficient hormone production is one of the causes of hypophysary nanism; a series of tests must be carried out, however, before dosing the hormone, in order to ascertain whether other growth retarding factors are present. This dosage must be carried out not only in fasting conditions, in order to know the basal value of the hormone, but also in stimulation conditions. The laboratory data obtained in the different tests must be carefully evaluated and compared with the clinical data. It is thus possible to ascertain, for instance, whether a hypophysary nanism is induced by a peripheral resistance as well as by a deficient secretion. The HGH therapy is effective only in the cases of nanism induced by a deficient somatotropine secretion. This hormone is still seldom available. A reliable diagnosis of the type of hypophysary nanism is therefore deemed necessary. PMID- 1232873 TI - [Significance of radioimmunological determination as a tool for clinical research]. PMID- 1232874 TI - [Gastrin]. AB - Gastrin is released by food rich in proteins and by vagal mechanisms. HCI and possibly secretin and glucagon inhibit gastrin release. In the wide range of actions of gastrin, stimulation of gastric acid secretion is the most important. With the advent of radioimmunochemical methods for the determination of gastrinaemia, it has been shown that gastrin exists in a number of forms of different molecular weight. To estimate the validity of gastrin radioimmunoassay it is necessary to demonstrate that decrease in antibody-bound labelled antigen is unrelated to non-specific interference by unknown substances present in serum samples, and that the antiserum reacts with endogenous hormone in an identical manner. Heterogeneity of gastrin in serum may affect the validity of the radioimmunoassay. Hypergastrinaemia associated with hyper-normochlorhydria occures in gastrinoma, hyperplasia of antral gastrin cells, diseases with delayed gastric emptying, retained antrum, short bowel syndrome,renal failure. Hypergastrinaemia associated with hypo-achlorhydria occurs in atrophic gastritis without extensive antral lesion and after vagotomy. Gastrin radioimmunoassay can be used for the mass screening of subjects with atrophic gastritis, a high risk group for gastric cancer. PMID- 1232876 TI - [Biological aspects (brain diseases)]. PMID- 1232875 TI - [Renin and aldosterone]. AB - The radioimmunological dosages of renin and of aldosterone are used nowadays in clinical practice for research purposes only. The measurement of activity of plasma renin may be considered a significant indication of the concentration of the enzime in plasma and, indirectly, of its secretion. Several factors take a part in the regulation of renin secretion (mean arterial pressure, introduction of sodium and potassium, the sympathetic nervous system, ADH and concentration of angiotensin II in plasma). In pathological conditions such factors may cause alteration of the renin-angiotensin II system, thus determining hyperreninisms and hyporeninisms, whether associated with arterial hypertension or not. Several factors take a part on aldosterone secretion too (ACTH, sodiaemia, potassiaemia, renin-angiotensin II system). In pathological conditions the alteration of the regulation system may lead to hyperaldosteronism or to hypoaldosteronism of primary or secondary type. A survey of recent research on the physiopathology of the renin-aldosterone system is also given. PMID- 1232877 TI - [Aspects of cognitive activities in the schizophrenic]. PMID- 1232878 TI - [Pulmonary embolisms occurring in 1 month in 3 aged women with manic-depressive psychoses. Discussion. Etiopathogenic role or psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 1232879 TI - [Clinical study of a new antidepressive agent: 19560 RP]. PMID- 1232880 TI - [Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 1232881 TI - [Reflections on the psycotherapeutic approach to patients in the day hospital for epileptics at Creteil]. AB - After recalling some of the characteristics of the Day Hospital, the autor explains her position as a psychotherapist in this institution, her considerations on the patients and expresses some psycho-analytic and psychosomatic reflexions in the present perspective of epilepsy. PMID- 1232882 TI - [Psychoses: endogenic or exogenic diseases?]. PMID- 1232883 TI - [Sociogenesis, the other side of organogenesis]. PMID- 1232884 TI - [Report of the sociopsychiatric studies undertaken during the last 15 years in a small Hungarian village and the results of these studies Effects of urbanization on the evolution of pscyhogenic diseases in members of a geographically closed community]. PMID- 1232885 TI - [Environmental factors in psychoses. Methodological presuppositions. Contribution of child psychopathology]. PMID- 1232886 TI - [Chronic delusions and sociogensis]. PMID- 1232887 TI - [Magic and myth in the formation of delusional beliefs]. PMID- 1232888 TI - [Psychiatric disorders from the viewpoint of socialization]. PMID- 1232889 TI - [Social environment and the symptoms of 2 groups of schizophrenics]. PMID- 1232890 TI - [Reflections on the psychogenesis of acute psychotic states. (Based on several observations of soldiers affected abroad]. PMID- 1232891 TI - [Organic bases of so-called psychogenetic diseases]. PMID- 1232892 TI - [Transplantation and psychotic decompensation]. PMID- 1232893 TI - [Low-pressure hydrocephalus and psychoses. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1232894 TI - [Place of psychosocial factors in the appearance and course of an atypical depressive state]. PMID- 1232895 TI - [Reduplication of psychogenesis by sociogenesis in schizophrenic syndromes]. PMID- 1232896 TI - [Against the concept of parts in the genesis of psychotic states]. PMID- 1232897 TI - [Mental hygiene and habitat. Problem of large developments in relation to an epidemiological study carried out at Mulhouse]. PMID- 1232898 TI - [Post-schizophrenic depression]. AB - The post-psychotic depression is a very controversial subject in psychiatry. Among the authors who have dealt with post-psychotic depression there is no general agreement on the topic ; their point of views can be summarized as follows: -- It is a phenomenon which can be regularly observed and which is a phase of psychotic evolution. -- It can be considered only as a phase which is secondary neuroleptic administration. -- The depressive mood as one which had always been present but hidden by the acute psychotic phenomena and thus not observable. -- It is a consequence of an intensive psychotherapeutic approach. This paper summarizes the literature concerning the above-mentioned point of views. PMID- 1232899 TI - [Adoption and its psychiatric aspects]. AB - Adoption has changed in history, in different cultures, in law, in its goals, its functions, its modalities. The study of the adoptive condition is worthwhile for theoretical research (psychopathology, genetics, etc.) and for clinical practice (prevention, selection and motivation analysis of adopting parents). It is dangerous and too simple to explain pathology by adoption. However, there is a specific psychopathology of adoptees : 1. by maternal deprivation and abandonnement pathology (more frequent and more important), 2. by the adoptive situation condition itself. We review some hypotheses, particularly the concept of "Family romance". The adopted child undergoes more frequent examinations, both pediatric and psychiatric, than the ordinary child (this may be explained by parental anxiety and child acting out behavior). Certain American statistics on this appear to be significant. On the other hand, there is a silent pathology (the majority ?) : we found it frequently in the youngest children in France. We discuss the problem of psychiatric selection of adoptive parents and adoptive children, its legitimacy, its methodes ; psychopathology and motivations of the adoptive patents ; the problem of the revelation of adoption to the child ; the problem of sterility (it is often incompletely explored and treated). Adoption may not be the best solution for most of the abandonned children and sterile couples. PMID- 1232900 TI - [Psychopathological study of parents who abuse their children]. AB - After recalling the studies of French authors, especially those of P. Parisot and L. Caussade at the Congress of Legal Medicine in Nancy (1929), and more recent, those of the Nancy school, and, in Paris, those of P. Straus and A. Wolf, of L. Kreisler and P. Straus, the author studies Anglo-Saxon research on subject, particularly that undertaken in the U.S.A. The study by Steele and Pollock on the psychology of parents of battered children has shown anomalies with an infantile characteristic in the psychology of some parents (apparently having no problems and living in easy circumstances, but demanding of their children a constant reassurance which the latter are unable to give, hence a permanent frustration leading to agressivity and actual tormenting. Eight observations are presented, covering the whole range of clinical forms observed with parents of battered children: psychopathic personality with perverse sado-masochism, affective immaturation with decompensation during pregnancy, lack of psycho-affective balance with aggression upon some of the children (target-children), a need for domination in the form of tyrannical matriarchate, nevropathy with aggressive perfectionism, and finally subnormal personality with nevropathy, the latter categories leaving a hop for a possibility of attaining transformation through analytical psychotherapy, such as practised by the author in one of his cases. PMID- 1232901 TI - [Current evolution of schizophrenia. Apropos of the evolution of 35 young schizophrenics followed for more than 10 years]. PMID- 1232902 TI - [Pedophrenia]. AB - Among childhood psychoses which are so polymorphous and so liable to modifications because of the development of the personality, a rather special place can be given to a form which we intend to call "Pedophrenia". It corresponds roughly to hebephrenia, but occurs before adolescence, sometimes even as early as the first months of life, as it can be a continuation of a precocious autism. Furthermore, it also involves the classic discordances, rites, stereotypies, etc... Because of the age, the communication processes are expecially affected, malleability is greater than in hebephrenia, but the prognosis remains serious. PMID- 1232903 TI - [Psychological aspects of dental procedures carried out under general anesthesia in disturbed or seriously handicapped children]. PMID- 1232904 TI - [Cybernetics and psychiatry, communication and information]. PMID- 1232905 TI - [Annual activity cycle of ants parasited with Dicrocoelium lanceolatum (Rudolphi, 1819) metacercaria (author's transl)]. AB - The object of this study is to predict the period of appearance and the amount of risk of fluke parasitism in Limousin sheep flocks. A perfect knowledge of the ethology of ants parasited with metacercaria (definitive source of host infestation) is necessary. The particular behavior of these vector insects has been only little studied. PMID- 1232906 TI - Somatic and visceral growth, and adiposity in the pig after partial small bowel resection. I. - Variations according to the kinds of operations, to the specific location along the intestinal tract and to the sex of the animals. AB - The effects of small bowel resection were studied in 123 pure-bred Large White pigs, during 2 separate experiments. The first one aimed at studying the somatic growth in 60 castrated male pigs during a 16 weeks-period, following either a (I) laparotomy, (2) proximal or distal double transsection, or (3) proximal or distal resection of 25 p. 100 of the total small intestine length. Operations were performed at the age of 91 days and 26 kg live weight. Secondly, both grwoth of 63 pigs operated at the age of 97 days and at 28 kg live weight, was studied during a 16 weeks-period, in order to assess the effects of resection of 4m of distal jejunum (i.e. 25 p. 100 of the small intestine), according to the sex of the animals. After slaughtering visceral measurements and indirect measurement of carcass adiposity were made. It appeared that laparotomy was detrimental to continuation of normal growth, whereas resections or sham operations allowed better performances although less than that of control pigs. In short-term studies, proximal resections allowed better results than distal ones; the reverse conclusion could be drawn from long term studies. Small intestine tissue weight was not changed after laparotomy, and was slightly increased after transsection. Sixteen weeks after resection, tissue weight of residual small intestine was not very lower than that of entire small intestine in control pigs. This compensation was better after proximal resection, the apparent local hypertrophy being greater after distal resection. Concerning the sex-dependent effects after partial resection of distal jejunum, there was an improvement of performances (growth/food intake), and a true body growth acceleration in female and castrated male pigs. The morphological compensation of tissue loss was very good in residual small intestine of female pigs, partially assumed by large intestine in normal male pigs, and poor in castrated male pigs. The greatest hypertrophy was always noted in the ileal segment below the resected area. Carcass adiposity (specific gravity) was not significantly modified by the various operations in castrated male pigs, whereas it was significantly decreased after resection in entire male or female pigs. PMID- 1232907 TI - [Effect of squirting before or after milking and of teat dipping on udder infections (author's transl)]. AB - Three trials are carried out within one experimental herd in order to study the effect of squirting before and after milking and of teat dipping on new infections in lactation. Experiment Mastitis III (M III) compares 10 cows as controls, 10 cows squirted after milking, 10 cows teat dipped and 10 cows squirted and teat dipped after milking. Experiment Mastitis IV (M IV) compares 17 cows as controls and 17 cows squirted before milking. Experiment Mastitis V (M V) uses 21 cows as controls and 19 cows squirted after milking. The evolution of infections is followed by sampling every two weeks. The number of new infections is decreased to 1 by squirting after milking for M III and to 8 for M V; the figures for control groups are 15 and 18. The total number of infections is also decreased between the beginning and the end of the trials, from 12 to 7 for M III and from 17 to 13 for M V, while it increases in the control groups from 10 to 15 and from 8 to 10. Squirting before milking has no effect on new infections (8 vs 9 for the control group in M IV). Teat dipping lowers the number of new infections (5 vs 15 for the control group of M III), but the association of squirting and teat dipping gives no better results (6 new infections). The pathogenesis of these results is discussed. It is more economical to use squirting, but there may be some practical difficulties. Automatization of squirting is suggested as related to automatic quarter-take-off devices. PMID- 1232908 TI - [Toxinogenic moulds of silage. IV. - Patulin production in liquid medium using fungus species isolated in silages (author's transl)]. AB - The toxinogenesis of 18 strains of Byssochlamys nivea, 4 of Byssochlamys fulva, 7 of Paecilomyces varioti, 2 of Aspergillus clavatus, I of Aspergillus terreus, and I of Penicillium urticae, isolated in ensilaged forages, is tested at 26 degrees C in Czapek's enriched liquid medium (8 p. 1000 glucose + 2 p. 1000 yeast extract). 100 p. 100 of Byssochlamys nivea strains, 75 p. 100 of Byssochlamys fulva and 12 p. 100 of Paecilomyces varioti strains produce patulin after 9 days of culture. Mycotoxin concentrations recovered range from 0.5 to 1 120 p.p.m. Only highly toxinogenic strains when they invade silage cutting fronts, would be able to develop detectable amounts of patulin. PMID- 1232909 TI - [Toxinogenic moulds in silage. V. - Production of byssochlamic acid in liquid medium with by Byssochlamys nivea Westling, Byssochlamys fulva Olliver and Smith and Paecilomyces varioti Bainier isolated in forages (author's transl)]. AB - The toxinogenesis of 10 strains of Byssochlamys nivea, 4 of Byssochlamys fulva and 8 of Paecilomyces varioti is studied in Czapek's enriched liquid medium (8 p. 1000 glucose + 2p. 1000 yeast extract) at 26 degrees C. 60 p. 100 of Byssochlamys nivea filtrates, 100 p. 100 of Byssochlamys fulva filtrates and 37 p. 100 of Paecilomyces varioti filtrates contain byssochlamic acid after 60 days of culture at 26 degrees C. The concentrations observed vary from 40 to 540 p.p.m. In these moulds, patuline-production ability has also been tested (Escoula, 1975 c). There seems to be no relation between the production of patuline and of byssochlamic acid in these three species. PMID- 1232910 TI - [Toxinogenic moulds in silage. VI - Effect of propionic and formic acids on the production of patulin and of byssochlamic acid by Byssochlamys nivea Westling (author's transl)]. AB - A strain of Byssochlamys nivea is cultivated for 5 months at 26 degrees C on kernels of wet corn previously treated with three doses of formic acid (1, 5, 3, 6 p.1000) and three doses of propionic acid (0.5, 1, 2 p. 100). As related to the control lot, the addition of these acid results, in the first two doses, in a decrease and slowing-down of the growth of the mould and the production of its two mycotoxins (patulin and byssochlamic acid). In the presence of 0.6 p. 1000 of formic acid, and especially with 2 p. 100 of propionic acid, Byssochlamys does not develop during the trial period. This inhibition may be annulled when the mould is put on a medium (Czapek) containing no acid. PMID- 1232911 TI - [Effect of DL-lactic acid on voluntary food intake in sheep (author's transl)]. AB - Previous experiments indicate that changes in duodenal fluid concentration of DL lactic and volatile fatty acids (VFA) influence flow rate of ingesta and may also be a regulating factor of food intake in ruminants. The present experiment was designed to determine the sensitivity of the duodenum to DL-lactic acid and VFA in relation to diets of hay, dried grass or concentrates. On a diet of hay, administration of small amounts of either DL-lactic acid or VFA into the duodenum had no effect. On a diet of dried grass or concentrates the same amount of VFA had no effect but that of DL-lactic acid (12 mM/h) halved the dry matter intake. In animals on a diet of hay and after administration of 40 g of propionate into the rumen, duodenal perfusion of the same quantity of DL-lactic acid produced a similar reduction of food intake. It was concluded that duodenal DL-lactic acid acts as a regulator of food intake possibly via the propionate metabolism pathway. PMID- 1232912 TI - [Delay and magnitude of plasma and bone responses and of stable, residual, leachable hair fractions to two different levels of K, Na, Ca, Mg, P intake in rat (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of 20 adult female rats are fed ad libitum with two diets differing in K, Na, Ca, Mg, P content, being for the first diet (in g/kg) : 14.9, 0.5, 6.3, 0.82, 1.25, respectively, and for the second : 1.6, 8.3, 2.4, 0.17, 5.76, respectively. Five rats of each group are killed after 1, 2, 3, 4 months. This study compares the delay and magnitude of plasma and bone responses and of three different hair fractions to the two levels of intake. Hair is not clipped in order to estimate the delay in response of already grown hair to mineral intake modification. The three following hair fractions are analyzed : a) leachable fraction, determined in the solution used for washing hair (equal parts water ethanol-ether) ; b) stable hair fraction, determined in hair obtained after the previous washing ; c) residual hair fraction, determined in hair washed with a non-polar detergent. The following results are observed : 1) K : A plasma variation is obtained as early as month 1 (P less than 0.005). The leachable fraction is modified from month 3 (P less than 0.001) and the stable hair fraction on month 4 (P less than 0.025). 2) Na : There is no variation at the plasma level. The leachable fraction response appears as early as month 1 (P less than 0.001) and the hair stable fraction at month 2 (P less than 0.025). 3) Ca : There is no variation at the plasma level. The leachable (P less than 0.025) and hair stable (P less than 0.01) fractions show a response from month 3. 4) Mg : A rapid and intense variation is observed at the plasma level as early as month 1 (P less than 0.001). The hair stable fraction shows a response at month 2 (P less than 0.05) and the leachable and residual fractions at month 3 (P less than 0.05). Bone Mg is modified as early as month 1 (P less than 0.005). 5) P : Plasma response at month 4 (P less than 0.05) is weak and late. An important variation is observed from month 2 in the leachable fraction (P less than 0.005) and at month 3 in the hair stable fraction (P less than 0.005). Residual hair fraction provides no valuable information. Consequently, the more common method of washing hair with a detergent should be excluded, at least for the nutritional exploration of the minerals involved in this study. PMID- 1232913 TI - [Language development and mental retardation: a critical review of the English language literature]. PMID- 1232915 TI - Physiological Postrotatory Nystagmus. AB - Nystagmus elicted by means of rotatory stimuli has been studied in 55 healthy subjects. In each case, 5 different end-velocities have been employed and each postrotatory nystagmus has been quantitatively evaluated by measuring various parameters of its quick phase. The mean values that could be considered as normal were searched for by means of a statistical study, but a great variability in the responses was found. Likewise, the responses of both labyrinths have often been rather asymmetrical. Therefore, such a functional asymmetry of the oculomotor responses, due to a variety of central factors, seems to be a serious diffculty for the practical use of postrotatory nystagmus as a clinical test. The particular meaning of the number of beats is discussed. PMID- 1232914 TI - Electromyographic investigations in torticollis. AB - In 13 patients with torticollis, the electromyographic (EMG) activity in the neck muscles at rest was investigated before, during and after stimulation of the H1 bundle (in horizontal torticollis) and inner part of oral ventral nucleus (in the rotatory form), as well as after coagulation. Three EMG types of torticollis spasmodic, myoclonic and mixed - could be differentiated. During the 8-, 25- and 50-Hz stimulations, a diminution in the amplitude and frequency of muscle potentials, followed by electric silence, was most often obtained; in general, the electric silence was preceded by a rhythmic activity of grouped potentials. Following coagulation, no spontaneous EMG activity was any longer recorded in the neck muscles, in the majority of the cases. PMID- 1232916 TI - Physiological postrotatory nystagmus 11. Stimulus response relationship and meaning various parameters. AB - Nystagmus elicited by means of rotatory stimuli has been studied in 55 healthy subjects. In each case, 5 different end-velocities have been employed and each postrotatory nystagmus has been quantitatively evaluated measuring various parameters of its quick phase. The relationship existing between the magnitude of the stimulus and that of the response has been carefully studied for all the parameters. A significant relationship was found in only a limited number of cases. The most reliable parameter to analyse this relationship is the total amplitude. The parameter that varied less with changes in stimulus intensity was duration. The different factors determining and modifying the nystagmic response are analysed and the meaning of this nystagmic response is considered in relation to vestibular function and, therefore, in its application to clinical diagnosis; In a previous article [16], the authors analysed the normal values of various parameters of postrotatory nystagmus in healthy subjects and the differences existing between clockwise and counterclockwise rotations. In this paper, we study the relationship between the intensity of the stimulus and the magnitude of the response. We also investigate which parameters are the most adequate to define the nystagmus. PMID- 1232917 TI - Lateral facilitation of Hoffmann-reflexes prior to voluntary movement in a choice reaction time task. AB - Hoffmann reflexes (H reflexes) were elicited from both legs simultaneously in human subjects at varying intervals after a reaction signal (RS) in a binary choice reaction time task. A left light RS required a rapid plantar flexion of the left foot and a right light RS required a similar rapid response of the right foot. A large faciliataion of reflex amplitude occurred only in the muscle involved in the movement (right of left soleus). The timing of the facilitation indicated that a decision about the status of the RS occurred within 200 msec and probably was completed somewhat earlier. Furthermore, the facilitation of the H reflexes was shown to be closely linked with the organization required for the contractions of the responding muscle. The results are considered in the light of hypothesized mechanisms regulating voluntary movement. PMID- 1232918 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the pseudopregnant rat luteal cell following the effect of luteinizing hormone and of 2 inhibitors of synthesis (amino-glutethimide and cycloheximide)]. AB - Incubation of ovaries from pseudopregnant rats have been performed with the gonadotropin LH and with two inhibitors, aminoglutethimide and cycloheximide for periods comprised between 1 and 6 hours. Then the luteal cells have been studied with electron microscope. Measurements in have been used to express the variations in volume of two organels, mitochondria and lipid droplets. The principal modifications induced by these compounds bear on the mitochondria. Treatment with LH is followed by an increase in the volume of individual mitochondria resulting probably of fusion of organels. Treatments with the inhibitors are followed by reduction in the volume of individual mitochondria and in the total volume of mitochondrial apparatus. Mixed treatments using LH and an inhibitor allow to obtain organels of intermediate size. Volume of lipids is increased by incubation with LH and probably decreased by the inhibitors. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum shows rearrangements with the various treatments. It seems not convenient to extend incubations over 4 hours in order to avoid cytolysis. PMID- 1232919 TI - [Light and electron microscopic study of the tritocerebral neurosecretory elements in Locusta migratoria (Orthopteral, insect)]. PMID- 1232920 TI - [Cytochemical ultrastructural study of the glycoproteins in the rat hypothalamo post-pituitary complex]. AB - The results obtained with various methods applied to the cytochemical detection of carbohydrates at an ultrastructural level, confirm the existence of glycoproteins in neurosecretory material in the neurohypophysis as well as in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei. This glycoproteic component, however, is not present in all the secretory granules and, according to their cytochemical behaviour, it is possible to distinguish two types of neurosecretory fibres: one where all the granules respond negatively; the other where most of the granules are reactive. The existence of two types of neurons corresponding to these two fibres cannot yet be asserted, but seems very likely, perhaps connected with the hormonal duality of the magnocellular nuclei. The reactions are also positive on the Golgi apparatus, in accordance with its function in glycoprotein synthesis. But the difference of reactivity between the Golgi cisternae and the neurosecretory product suggests that glycoprotein synthesis is still going on in the neurosecretory granules outside the Golgi area. PMID- 1232921 TI - Effect of a calcium rich environment on the ultimobranchial gland of Rana tigrina. AB - Thirty two specimens of Rana tigrina were divided into four equal groups : group I = controls; group II = injected with Vitamin D2 and placed in a 0.8% aqueous solution of CaCl2; group III = injected with Vitamin D2 and kept in tap water; group IV = placed only in a 0.8% CaCl2 solution. The experimental specimens exhibited varying degrees of hyperactivity of their ultimobranchial gland. Specimens from all the groups were X-rayed. The experimental ones showed different intensity of calcium deposit in their paravertebral lime sacs. The results indicate that prolonged challenge of high calcium induces hyperactivity of the ultimobranchial gland to produce larger quantity of calcitonin, to counteract the experimental hypercalcemia. PMID- 1232922 TI - [Apropos of the oral trivalent and anti-poliomyelitis vaccination in Belgium. Epidemiological considerations, counter indications and practical attitudes]. PMID- 1232923 TI - [Fluorine contents of various teas found on Belgian markets, and of their infusions]. PMID- 1232924 TI - [Screening of perinatal pathology in West Flanders]. PMID- 1232925 TI - [Theory and practice of the current forensic medicine in West Germany. Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Bonn University]. PMID- 1232926 TI - [The estimation of lactic acid in cadaver blood in forensic practice]. PMID- 1232927 TI - [The basis of the preparation for aging in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1232928 TI - Macular amyloidosis with localized amyloidosis of upper air passages. AB - A patient with primary amyloidosis of the upper air passages was found to have cutaneous macular amyloidosis. A review of the literature indicates that this may represent the first report of these two uncommon forms of amyloidosis occurring in the same individual. Biopsy material from the nasopharynx, tonsillar areas, larynx, trachea, and skin showed amyloid in the tissue sections. Special stains were used and polariscopic studies were performed, and the hyalin material met the established criteria for amyloid. Studies of tissues from other parts of the body of this patient failed to demonstrate amyloid. PMID- 1232929 TI - Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum. AB - A keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum measured 20 X 14 cm at the time of surgical intervention. This lesion is characterized by continuing peripheral extention and central healing. Attention is drawn to the occurrence in the healing edge of a distinctive type of individual cell necrosis, which has been described by others in the more usual forms of keratoacanthoma. The findings are of interest, since this same mode of cellular death has recently been shown to be involved in the regression of various tissues, normal as well as abnormal. PMID- 1232930 TI - Letter: Acanthosis nigricans following use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1232932 TI - Letter: Visual defect from chloroquine phosphate. PMID- 1232931 TI - Letter: Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms. PMID- 1232933 TI - Letter: Variation of erythema with monochromator bandwidth. PMID- 1232935 TI - Letter: Granuloma intertriginosum infantum (granuloma glutaeale infantum). PMID- 1232934 TI - Letter: Kaposi sarcoma-like granuloma and posterosive syphiloid. PMID- 1232936 TI - Letter: Lymphangitis caused by cantharidin. PMID- 1232937 TI - Letter: Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 1232938 TI - Letter: Xerosis from lithium carbonate. PMID- 1232939 TI - Letter: No cell-mediated autohypersensitivity in psoriasis. PMID- 1232940 TI - Letter: Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 1232941 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with allopurinol administration. AB - Allopurinol, now established as a standard form of therapy in hyperuricemia and gout, may be associated with life-threatening skin reactions. This study reports the occurrence of toxic epidermal necrolysis TEN) in three patients receiving Allopurinol. The patients receiving allopurinol. The patients had complicated medical illnesses and were receiving various other medications, but the most apparent common denominator was allopurinol ingestion. Two other cases of TEN and five cases of severe hypersensitivity reactions with vasculitis and extensive skin manifestations, secondary to this drug, have been described in the recent literature. Allopurinol has several unique biochemical and metabolic properties that may increase its ability to cause hypersensitivity or toxic skin reactions. PMID- 1232943 TI - [Routine tests in urinary bilharziasis: apropos of 350 hospitalized patients]. PMID- 1232942 TI - Multiple sequential skin cancers. The risk of skin cancer in patients with previous skin cancer. AB - We reviewed all reports of skin biopsies that had been performed at the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital within a three-year period. A total of 1,115 biopsy specimens of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas were identified for 558 patients. Patient names, diagnosis, and dates of biopsies were tabulated for computer analysis. We determined that 121 patients (22%) developed at least one new or recurrent skin cancer during the average follow-up period of 1 1/2 years. From a computer review of clinic appointments, we determined that half of the 558 patients were unavailable for follow-up during that three-year period. Thus, the true rate of new and recurrent skin cancer in patients who had at least one skin cancer is no less than 22% and may approach 50% in the first 18 months. This high rate of new occurrences and recurrences of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas emphasizes the need for repeated examinations of all patients with a history of skin cancer. PMID- 1232945 TI - [Problem of laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitoses, especially amebiasis, in subjects returning from tropical countries]. PMID- 1232946 TI - Results of duplicated series of stool-examinations for all intestinal parasites by five different methods in school-children in East Africa with remarks on serological aspects of amoebiasis and schistosomiasis. PMID- 1232944 TI - [Importance of rectal mucosa biopsy for the diagnosis of urinary bilharziasis. Apropos of 313 examinations]. PMID- 1232947 TI - [Importance of Kato's technic in parasitic coprology]. PMID- 1232948 TI - [Parasitological diagnosis of intestinal bilharziasis]. PMID- 1232949 TI - [Contribution of immunoenzymological methods using purified antigens to the specific and automated diagnosis of parasitic infections]. PMID- 1232950 TI - [Value and limitations of hypersensitivity reactions as applied to the diagnosis of helminthiasis]. PMID- 1232951 TI - [Critical study of the diagnostic, parasitological and immunologic procedures in human filariasis]. PMID- 1232953 TI - The diagnosis of filariasis. PMID- 1232952 TI - [Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis]. PMID- 1232954 TI - [Biological diagnosis of anguilluliasis]. PMID- 1232955 TI - Diagnostic pattern of African paragonimiasis. PMID- 1232956 TI - Serological and parasitological diagnosis of sleeping sickness. PMID- 1232957 TI - The diagnosis of sleeping sickness in a district hospital in Zambia. PMID- 1232958 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination in capillary tube: a method for the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis which can be used in the field]. PMID- 1232959 TI - Anomalous muscle passing in the axillary fossa. PMID- 1232960 TI - [Studies on the adreno-cholinergic innervation of the seminal vesicles in the rat]. PMID- 1232961 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the human humerus]. PMID- 1232962 TI - [Studies on the weight and dimensions of kidneys of premature newborn infants]. PMID- 1232963 TI - [Ultrastructure of the white pulp of hedgehog's spleen while awake, during hibernation and during various phases of arousal]. PMID- 1232964 TI - [Musculus cutaneus of hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during hibernation and arousal. A light and electron microscopy study]. PMID- 1232965 TI - [Development of questionnaire scales for the evaluation of subjective stress]. PMID- 1232966 TI - [Scaling of interindividual evaluation differences: simulation of Carroll and Chang's INDSCAL model using Tucker and Messick's "points-of-view" analysis]. PMID- 1232967 TI - [Suggestibility as a therapy factor in various forms of smoking therapy]. PMID- 1232968 TI - [Method dependency of determining intra- and interindividual differences in the self concept]. PMID- 1232969 TI - The three faces of intolerance of ambiguity. PMID- 1232970 TI - [Decision-making behavior of schizophrenics under varied partner and communication conditions in a 2-person non-null-sum game]. PMID- 1232971 TI - [Imprinting activity and memory performance]. PMID- 1232972 TI - [Individual differences in the application of implied personality theories: relationships between cognitive structure and personality traits in female pupils in the 10th class]. PMID- 1232973 TI - [Power motive and mathematical behavior in a negotiation game]. PMID- 1232974 TI - Properties of Moloney sarcoma virus-specific p60 and its detection in transformed cells. PMID- 1232975 TI - Summary of session on oncornaviruses I. Virus-cell interactions and virus structure analyses. PMID- 1232976 TI - Possible obstetric factors effecting leukemia in twins. PMID- 1232977 TI - Common reactivity of bovine and human sera towards bovine lymphoid tumor cells. PMID- 1232978 TI - Evaluation of chemiommunotherapy regimens by in vitro lymphocyte cytotoxicity directed to cultured human tumor cells. PMID- 1232979 TI - Studies on Marek's disease lymphoma-derived cell lines. PMID- 1232980 TI - The influence of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius in chickens with Marek's disease (MD) infections. PMID- 1232981 TI - Kinetic model of Friend virus-induced leukemia. PMID- 1232982 TI - The detection and characterization of polynucleotide sequences in the RNA of mammalian oncornaviruses. PMID- 1232983 TI - The nature of endogenous oncornaviral DNA sequences in mammalian cells. Isolation of viral RNA sequence complementary to abundant viral DNA sequence in guinea pig. PMID- 1232984 TI - Immunological and biochemical aspects of cellular transformation. Chairman's introduction. PMID- 1232985 TI - Sequence relatedness of mammalian viral RNA genomes and RNA species released by human neoplastic cells. PMID- 1232986 TI - DNA-binding proteins and the G1 leads to S transition in normal and virus transformed cells. PMID- 1232987 TI - Leukocidin--new antimetabolite: effects on L 1210: preliminary report. PMID- 1232988 TI - Experimental oncornavirus vaccines in the cat. PMID- 1232989 TI - Human papovaviruses: current knowledge on their biologic and oncogenic properties. PMID- 1232991 TI - Immunological tumor prevention of Marek's diseases by plasma membrane vaccines. PMID- 1232990 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerase by sera of patients having leukemia and other reticuloendothelial malignancies. PMID- 1232992 TI - Chemical analytic approaches to the definition of uremic toxins. AB - In this preliminary research we have started a systematic study of substances present in uremic but non in normal serum. Methylguanidine has been examined by the new single method of ion pair extraction and has been found in higher concentration in uremic plasma than in normal, but in lower concentration than previously described with less selective method and used in experimental animal intoxication. We did not find a correlation of Methylguanidine concentration and uremic symptoms and complications as pericarditis, neuropathy and uremic coma. Using the high spead gel filtration method comparative analyses of uremic and normal fluids and many substances have been registered a 9 peak serie. Peak 7 seem to be the most interesting. It is less prominent in normal plasma, increases in uremic patients and decreases after dietary treatment, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Furthermore it is formed by middle molecular weight substances (approximately 1300). PMID- 1232993 TI - [Dialysis of methylguanidine and hypothesis on the middle molecules]. AB - The formulation of "Methilguanidine (MG) hypothesis" started from previous researches that showed that uramic symptoms in dogs intoxicated by MG were present. Being a low molecular weight molecule, MG as Urea (U) and Creatine (CR), should not be considered an "uraemic toxin" according with the "middle molecules hipothesis". We have studied, during peritoneal and various hemodialysis schedules, MG "in vivo" and "in vitro" clearance, post-dialytic rebound, plasmaaproteins binding, intra and extracellular distribution. "In vitro" MG clearance is intermediate between U and CR, but "in vivo" MG clearance is lower than U and CR: what is explained by MG prevalent intracellular distribution and by the increasing plasm proteins binding during hemodialysis alkalinisation. 12 hours after high efficiency dialysis MG has an higher rebound than U and CR because of the slow and constant MG flow from intracellular fluid to plasma. On the other hand a continuous equilibrium between intra extracellular MG happens during the longer and less efficient peritoneal dialysis: MG plasma level 12 hours after peritoneal dialysis is the same that after high efficiency hemodialysis; on the contrary U and CR plasma levels are higher after peritoneal than after hemodialysis. In spite of the low molecular weight MG dialysis is different than U and CR. Good clinical condition of patients on peritoneal and low-flow-dialysis which represented the basis of the ""MG hypothesis": infact MG removal is the same during peritoneal and hemodialysis. PMID- 1232994 TI - [Adequate dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - The lack of peripheral neuropathy observed in peritoneal dialysis patients gave rise to the hypothesis that peritoneal membrane removes toxic solutes of larger dimensions than cuprophane membrane. Several "in vitro" and "in vivo" dialysis strategies have been selected. In the present paper the importance of residual renal function and the strategy of reduced dialysis schedule have been discussed. A trial with dialysis has been applied to 7 patients one of them treated for 20 months. CONCLUSION: the well being of peritoneal dialysis and low flow dialysis patients, confirm that the accumulation of small molecules, within certain limits, is not dangerous. On the other hand the middle molecules hypothesis has never been confirmed by observing a real toxicity of that solutes in dialysis patients. PMID- 1232995 TI - Preliminary results obtained with short dialysis schedules. AB - The results regarding the treatment of 55 patients, 6 of them treated for, at least 10 months, with 1 sq. meter disposable dialyzers and a dialysis strategy of 3 hours every other day or 4 hours trice weekly have been presented. Clinical indexes especially regarding erythropoiesis and peripheral nerve status will be discussed. Th results show that this new method of treatment is feasible and may become in the future a routine strategy for chronic intermittent dialysis. PMID- 1232996 TI - Rationale for the use of the acac microcapsule artificial kidney for the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The A C A C microcapsule artificial kidney is prepared to have 300 gr. of albumin coated cellulose nitrate microincapsulated activated charcoal with a total area surface of 2,5 m2. The membrane thickness is 0,05 micron, at least 100 times thinner than the standard hemodialysis membrane. By Albumin microencapsulation it is possible to prevent charcoal embolism, hemolysis, platelet and fibrin consumtion. The resistance to blood flow is smaller than in the kill artificial kidney. We have carried out a clinical trial in uremic patients, in 3 of them up to 8 months; their general feeling of well-being after two hours of AC A C microcapsule hemoperfusion is better than after 6 hours hemodialysis, in case of water and electrolyte retention one run of 6 hours hemodialysis a week was required, Reticolocyte, platelet count and hemoglobulin level improved appreciably. Clearance of middle molecules is much higher than in standard hemodialysis and preliminary reports show a lower middle molecules peak after hemoperfusion. It would appear that the present microcapsule artificial kidney, if supplemented with further development for the removal of water and electrolyte, may eventually become a compact inexpensive, simple way of treating uremic patients. PMID- 1232997 TI - [Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - 128 cases of Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis have been divided in two groups, the first one (84 cases), with subendothelial deposits, the second one (44 cases) "with dense intramembranous deposits". Streptococcal infections more frequently precede the membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with dense intramembranous deposits (20% and 11%). In this group there is a rapid onset and macroematuria is more frequent (36% and 18%). Nephrotic syndrome has the same frequency in the two groups (more than 80%). Because of the more frequent association "dense deposits" and crescents this group show a more frequent evolution toward renal failure (43% and 35%). PMID- 1232998 TI - [Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular lesions in children (author's transl)]. AB - Minimal glomerular changes were found in 80% of the cases of nephrotic sindromes in children. 5 groups can be separated under light microscopy. Electron microscopy always shows foot processes fusion. 80% of the children show edema, one third has transient hematuria, proteinuria is selective for small molecules, plasma B 1 C globuline levels are normal. According with the International Study of kidney disease in children, prednisone therapy gives positive results in 84% of all cases (Early responders) but many of them relapse (Frequent relapsers); the long-term prognosis with steroid is poor in the majority of cases. Cyclophosphamide therapy (2,5-3 mg/kg/die for 6 week and for a maximum of 60-80 days) gives better results and lesser relapses, but caution is needed because of an higher toxicity. PMID- 1232999 TI - [Plasma insulin-binding capacity of diabetes mellitus patients with labile and stable courses]. AB - Clinical picture of diabetes mellitus in the patients treated with insulin is characterized by a labile or stable course. It is supposed that of significance in the character of diabetes mellitus were antibodies formed in response to the exogenous insulin. Results of determination of the insulin-binding capacity of the blood plasma and of the antibody indices to insulin in the patients with a labile form of the disease antibodies with a low insulin-binding capacity circulated in the blood. Stable diabetes was characterized by the appearance in the blood of antibodies with a high insulin affinity, this being confirmed by an increase in the insulin-binding capacity of the blood plasma. PMID- 1233000 TI - [Evolution of caverns in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1233001 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 1233002 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of poisonings by means of newly developed test sticks]. PMID- 1233003 TI - [Use of a beta blocker--the LB 46--in the treatment of certain forms of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1233004 TI - [Role of selective arteriography in the diagnosis of injuries of the spleen]. PMID- 1233005 TI - [Giant renal artery aneurysm of a solitary kidney. Repair by extracorporeal surgery followed by autotransplantation. Recovery with 1-year follow-up]. PMID- 1233006 TI - [Patency of the cochlear aqueduct]. PMID- 1233007 TI - [Radiologic anatomy of the arterial axes of the leg and foot in equinovarus]. PMID- 1233008 TI - [Radiologic aspects of asbestosis]. PMID- 1233009 TI - [Reconstructive operations in bronchial stenosis of tuberculous etiology]. PMID- 1233010 TI - [Certain problems of clinical course and treatment of chronic thyroiditis]. PMID- 1233011 TI - [Blood levels of lead and erythrocyte ALA-dehydrase in 200 employees of a Turin metallurgical plant. Analysis of variables connected with alcohol drinking and smoking habits]. AB - The relationships between blood value of Pb and activity of Ala-dehydrase erythrocyte enzyme were studied in relation to the following variables: age, activity, residence, smoking habits, drinking habits. 200 adults, subdividable into occupationally exposed were examined. The data obtained showed a relationship between smoking and Aladehydrase; a relationship was also found to exist between alcohol and blood Pb and inhibition of Ala-dehydrase activity. PMID- 1233012 TI - [Notes on a clinical trial of a new antibiotic: cefazolin]. PMID- 1233013 TI - [So-called rhabdomyosarcoma (malignant mesenchymoma) of the middle ear]. PMID- 1233014 TI - [Treatment of some congenital metabolic errors in the mother and in the newborn infant]. PMID- 1233015 TI - [Use of thermovision examination of children with acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1233016 TI - [Effect of intensive physical training on the mental condition of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1233017 TI - [Surgery for renovascular hypertension: 10 years experience]. PMID- 1233018 TI - [Circulation and anesthesia]. AB - In this paper a survey is given on the group of risk in patients with diseases of the circulatory system under the stress of anaesthesia with special regard to arterial hypertension, chronic ischaemic heart disease, disturbances of cardiac rhythm and global heart insufficiency besides the generally acknowledged therapeutic principles for cardiological patients of risk. On the conditions of a surgical intervention the author adopts a definite attitude to the partly still contrary problems of the preoperative antihypertensive treatment and to the prophylactic therapy with glycosides. The most important diagnostic and therapeutic facts concerning the necessary interdisciplinary cooperation between internist, anaesthesist and operator in preparation and performance of an operative intervention in patients with circulatory diseases are described. PMID- 1233019 TI - [Therapy of diabetes mellitus today]. AB - The therapy of diabetes mellitus is always connected with the observation of an adapted diet, the aim of which is the obtaining of the optimal weight. Still more intensive concentric educational measures for patients and persons endangered by diabetes are necessary, in which cases muscular action is of increasing importance. Sulfonylureas furthering the secretion of insulin are to be used only as far as necessary. Peripherally acting anti-diabetics, such as biguanides have an indication in diabetes mellitus which is exactly defined and to be observed. Also with regard to the combat against adiposity their influence on the lipometabolism needs further clarification. Metabolic and immunologic insulin resistance are complications of the insulin therapy. The extensive technical preparation of the human synthetic insulin may contribute to the improvement of the prognosis of diabetes. At present the introduction of artifical beta-cell systems is a problem of the diminishing of the apparatuses. The genetic consultation for diabetics is important and in many cases possible. PMID- 1233020 TI - [The treatment of longcarcinoma with antimitotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233021 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the bronchial epithelium in pulmonary tuberculosis (according to biopsy material)]. AB - Biopsy materials of the wall of the lobar and segmental bronchi obtained from 345 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. In 25 patients pathohistological investigations were supplemented with electron-microscopy studies. Of 345 biopsy specimens tuberculous inflammation was found in 5 cases. The ultrastructural analysis showed the sequence of changes occurring in the cells of the bronchial epithelium in chronic inflammation: in the development of sclerotic changes in the wall of the bronchus hyperplasia of ultrastructures was followed by their diminution and desctruction. PMID- 1233022 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy and virus-cores in HBAg-positive chronic hepatitis. AB - Three liver biopsies were carried out in a case of chronic active hepatitis with persistent HB-antigenemia. Virus-cores could not be detected in the liver cell nuclei by electron microscopy before immunosuppressive therapy. Intranuclear, ring-shaped virus-cores of 20-25 nm diameter appeared in almost every hepatocyte examined during immunosuppression. PMID- 1233023 TI - [Method of purification of water by means of ion-exchange cellulose fibers]. AB - A new method of and an arrangement for continuous ion-exchange purification of water from admixtures contained therein in the form of dissolved electrolyte ions have been devised. As a basic working element for this purpose serves anion exchange tape made of anion-exchange cellulose fibre (ICF) that enables a continuous purification of water from impurities contained therein the be effected as needed. PMID- 1233024 TI - [Isolation and characterization of 11-S-globulins from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.)]. AB - The isolation of II-S globulin, which is homogenous on sedimentation and gel chromatography (s020, w = II,8 S), from sunflower seeds is achieved by cryoprecipitation from solutions of high ion strength (I approximately 0.5 to 1.8) with simultaneous reduction of the salt concentration (I approximately 0.3) and repeated gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200. By this technique, the 7-S component which occurs in small quantity is isolated too. In solutions of low ion strength (I less than 0,3), the II-S globulin dissociates to give a 7-S component. At high or low pH values (greater than 9.0 and less than 3.0, respectively), the latter dissociates to give a 3-S component, and in the presence of urea it further dissociates to give subunits. In the presence of sodium of sodium chloride, the dissociation of the 3-S component may be inhibited. The various steps of dissociation can be studied by means of ultracentrifugal sedimentation, gel chromatography and gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1233025 TI - [Radio-anatomy of uterine malformations]. AB - 33 cases of uterine anomalies were studied from the external morphological point of views as well as by hysterography. These cases were grouped according to R. Mussel's classification (1964) which is itself the synthesis of radiological and anatomical investigations. PMID- 1233026 TI - [Prediction of the results of the radical surgical treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 1233027 TI - [Diagnosis of the early stages of breast cancer]. PMID- 1233028 TI - [Epidemiological study of mental disorders among craftsmen]. PMID- 1233029 TI - [Diagnostic importance of isolation of Australia antigen in tuberculous patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1233030 TI - [Case of chondro-osteoplastic tracheobronchopathy]. PMID- 1233031 TI - [Changes in the acid-base equilibrium and blood oxygen content in pulmonary diseases with respiratory insufficiency (clinical manifestations and treatment)]. PMID- 1233032 TI - [Clinico-immunologic shifts in pleural empyema in patients of different age]. AB - In 218 patients the causes of pleural empyema, the state of immunological indices and treatment have been studied in relation to patient's age. It is demonstrated that the most inadequate protection potential, conditioned by an insufficient specific resistance, is observed in children and patients over 50 years of age. The treatment of pleural empyema is usually started with a puncture method of administering antibiotics, enzymes and general analeptic drugs. In children due to a rapidly progressing intoxication and pulmonary insufficiency thoracocentesis was employed in 55.5%, in patients aged from 16 to 50 years pleurectomy and other operative procedures were accomplished. In patients over 50 years of age a puncture method and thoracocentesis were applied, surgery being used only in 10.4 per cent. PMID- 1233033 TI - [Age-dependent changes of intra-osseous femoral arteries]. PMID- 1233034 TI - [Studies on the so called "integrated" pulse shape]. PMID- 1233035 TI - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the otorhinolaryngologic organs]. PMID- 1233036 TI - [Heparin therapy in liver cirrhosis]. AB - In 80 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and coagulation disorders a rapid and significant restitution of the disturbed coagulation system can be expected by a therapy with low doses of Heparin. PMID- 1233038 TI - [Indices of subendocardial perfusion of the left ventricle in acquired aortic valvulopathies]. PMID- 1233037 TI - [Morphological observations of the epithelial cells of a prostate and seminal vesicles after vasectomy(author's transl)]. PMID- 1233039 TI - [Behavior of some hemodynamic parameters in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1233040 TI - [The 1st derivative of the carotidogram in normal and cardiopathic subjects]. PMID- 1233041 TI - [Classification of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 1233042 TI - [The accordion effect in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 1233043 TI - [Influence of physical exercise on disorders of atrioventricular conduction]. PMID- 1233045 TI - [Regional flow and systolic pressure in obliterating arteriopathies of the lower extremities. Basic values and values after induced ischemia]. PMID- 1233044 TI - [Pressure gradients in the localization of arterial obstructions of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1233047 TI - [The effort test and arrhythmias caused by active ectopic rhythms]. PMID- 1233046 TI - [Bleeding time and cardioactive drugs. Effects of dipyridamole and carbochromen]. PMID- 1233048 TI - [Intermittency of the Wolff-Parkinson-White anomaly. Phonomechanocardiographic study]. PMID- 1233049 TI - [Diagnostic pharmacological test in latent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 1233050 TI - [The ajmaline test in the study of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction]. PMID- 1233051 TI - [Syncytial aspects of conduction in the heart]. PMID- 1233052 TI - [Recovery of myocardial responsiveness induced by infusion of KCl in patients with non-stimulating pacemakers. Clinical study]. PMID- 1233053 TI - [A new apparatus for the telephonic control of patients with permanent pacemakers]. PMID- 1233054 TI - [Familial aspects of the electrocardiographic pattern of the pseudo-ischemic labile T wave]. PMID- 1233055 TI - [Correlations between the electrocardiographic aspects and respiratory functional parameters in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 1233056 TI - [Congenital heart diseases in adults]. PMID- 1233057 TI - [Interatrial septal defects in patients over 40 years of age: clinical and hemodynamic aspects]. PMID- 1233058 TI - [Influence of congenital heart diseases on the appearance and maturation of ossification nuclei]. PMID- 1233060 TI - [The correction of mitral defects with the Carpenter ring]. PMID- 1233059 TI - [The mitral prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 1233061 TI - [Erythrocytic enzyme changes in valve substitutions]. PMID- 1233062 TI - [Re-operations on heart valve prostheses]. PMID- 1233063 TI - [General surgical operations associated with simultaneous heart surgery]. PMID- 1233064 TI - [Survival curves of 360 angina patients. Clinical and coronary radiographic correlations]. PMID- 1233065 TI - [Localization and extent of the coronary spasm during spontaneous angina. Therapeutic implications]. PMID- 1233066 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in angina pectoris at rest. Evidence of a primary reduction of blood flow]. PMID- 1233067 TI - [Angina pectoris with elevation of the ST segment. Clinical, electrocardiographic and coronarographic characteristics]. PMID- 1233068 TI - [Changes in myocardial metabolism during atrial pacing and catecholamine stimulation in normal subjects and angina patients]. PMID- 1233069 TI - [Conduction disorders in the sick sinus syndrome: electrophysiological study]. PMID- 1233070 TI - Errors of drug prescribing. PMID- 1233071 TI - Errors of drug prescribing. AB - Seven thousand five hundred and twenty-six prescriptions written for eight hundred and forty patients in three hospital wards have been analysed for errors of drug use and errors of prescription writing. 2. According to the criteria adopted for this survey, more than 3% of prescriptions contained an error of drug use and more than 30% an error of prescription writing. 3. The incidence of adverse drug reactions, overdosage and undertreatment might be reduced by more careful prescribing. PMID- 1233072 TI - Evaluation of tolerance after continuous and prolonged oral administration of salbutamol to asthmatic patients. AB - Salbutamol (8 mg) was administered twice daily as a sustained release formulation to twenty-four asthmatic patients for up to four weeks under double-blind conditions. 2. The ability of bronchial smooth muscle to respond was determined by monitoring the response to salbutamol (200 mug) administered by aerosol at set intervals three times a week. 3. There was no evidence of diminishing response during the study period. 4. It is concluded that tolerance to salbutamol does not occur at therapeutic dose levels and that clinical observations of tolerance may be due to other factors. PMID- 1233073 TI - Prothrombin response to phenindione during hypoalbuminaemia. PMID- 1233074 TI - Steady-state plasma nortriptyline concentrations in epileptic patients. PMID- 1233075 TI - Preliminary metabolic studies on the new analgesic meptazinol. PMID- 1233076 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on WY 23409 HCl. PMID- 1233077 TI - Cellular immunocompetence in melanoma: effect of extent of disease and immunotherapy. AB - Cell mediated immunocompetence was measured serially in 35 patients with malignant melanoma in order to determine the effect of extent of disease and prognosis as well as the influence of BCG immunotherapy on immune reactivity. Compared with normal adult controls, statistically significant lymphopenia occurred only in patients with widespread disease. Seventeen of 21 patients with negative pre-therapy PPD skin test converted to skin test positivity. PHA blastogenesis was depressed only in patients in the pre-terminal stages of their disease using optimal mitogen concentrations for stimulation. Threshold concentrations of this mitogen more clearly demonstrated a depressed responsiveness which correlated in severity with extent of disease. PPD induced blastogenesis was normal or increased in the majority of patients; however, the degree of stimulation by PPD was less in the BCG induced convertors than in those patients who were skin test positive before BCG treatment. Comparison of the pre- and post BCG assessments reveals no significant differences except in relation to PPD conversion. We conclude that using threshold concentrations of PHA, impaired responses are regularly associated with disease beyond the regional lymph nodes. Routine assessment of lymphocyte function by these parameters did not provide information that was not available from clinical evaluation. PMID- 1233078 TI - Horizontal studies of cell mediated immune reactions to autologous tumour antigens in patients with operable mammary carcinoma. AB - The leucocyte migration and guinea-pig macrophage migration procedures were used to assess cell mediated, tumour directed immune reactions in patients with mammary carcinoma undergoing simple mastectomy with or without post-operative irradiation. Forty-seven per cent of patients reacted to autologous tumour antigens and 40% to allogeneic antigens when tested 7 days after operation; 23% reacted to autologous antigens at 2 months, 19% at 6 months and 34% at 1 year after surgery. Reactions to benign tissue fractions were rare. Better discrimination between test and control subjects was obtained when 3000 g sediments rather than nuclei-depleted homogenates (extracts) were used. Irradiation 3-7 weeks post-operatively did not depress the in vitro response at 2 months and yielded a higher rate of positive reactions at 6 months. Correlations of serial LMT responses with certain clinical findings are discussed. PMID- 1233079 TI - Levamisole treatment of local and metastatic growth of transplanted rat tumours. AB - Levamisole has been examined for its ability to control local growth and pulmonary metastases of transplanted rat tumours. The compound did not suppress subcutaneous growth of 3-methylcholanthrene induced sarcomata when administered systemically in a variety of regimens, or when injected in admixture with tumour cells. In addition, levamisole treatment failed to suppress pulmonary growth of intravenously transferred sarcoma cells or spontaneous pulmonary metastases appearing after surgical removal of a transplanted epithelioma. PMID- 1233080 TI - Augmentation of cytotoxic drug action and X-irradiation by antibodies. AB - The effect of an antiserum containing antibodies against cell surface components of PyBHK cells on the action of certain anticancer agents has been studied using a colony formation inhibition assay. The effects of x-rays, chlorambucil, CCNU and possibly ICRF 159 are augmented by the antiserum whereas methotrexate and vinblastine are not. PMID- 1233081 TI - The natural history of metastasis of syngeneic murine squamous carcinoma and the prognostic implications of primary tumour size and duration of growth. AB - A study has been made of the natural history of metastasis of a spontaneous murine squamous carcinoma implanted into syngeneic recipients--a situation where biologically different tumours and variable "host resistance" are not complicating issues. The time distrubution of deaths from metastatic disease was incompatible with a log-normal distribution but was accurately described by an exponential pattern of survival following an initial lag. While the average life of doomed mice correlated with predictions based on growth rates, there was a wide range of survival times indicating random influences on the evolution of metastitic disease. Insofar as tumours which grew to 20 mm3 or less in 5 days after tumour cell injection failed to initiate metastases, while tumours which reached a size of 120 mm3 or greater (irrespective of duration) produced metastases in 38/39 mice, tumour size was a prognostic index. However, within the size range 33-150 mm3 the correlation between metastatic risk and size was not statistically significant. No correlation between metastatic risk and duration of tumour growth from 6 to 29 days was observed. Two integral functions of tumour size and duration were tested but neither gave a better correlation with metastatic risk than did size alone. PMID- 1233082 TI - Immunoreactive calcitonin production by human lung carcinoma cells in culture. AB - Monolayer cultures have been established from a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung. Homogeneous cell growth and morphology have been maintained for over 18 months through more than 80 subculture passages, and the cells have been found to produce both immunoreactive calcitonin and an immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen-like material. PMID- 1233083 TI - The effect of anaesthetics on blood perfusion in transplanted mouse tumours. AB - Rubidium-86, 125I-human serum albumin and 51Cr-labelled red cells have been used to investigate the effects of the anaesthetics Nembutal (pentobarbitone sodium) and urethane on blood perfusion, blood volume and albumin leakage in 5 types of transplanted mouse tumour and in normal organs. Nembutal was found to increase the relative blood perfusion by a factor of 1-3 to 2-0 in tumours and by a factor of 1-7 to 3-0 in kidneys but muscle perfusion fell to 0-3-0-5 that of controls. The effects of urethane were found to be dose dependent, generally in the same direction as for Nembutal, and smaller. Both anaesthetics reduced the blood volume of tumours (except for the C3H mammary carcinoma) and of kidneys by factors of 0-2 to 0-8. The duration of anaesthesia had no effect on the plateau values of relative blood perfusion and blood volume in either tumours or normal organs, but Nembutal delayed slightly the 86Rb uptake and decreased the rate of albumin leakage. PMID- 1233084 TI - The results of radiotherapy for Hodgkins' disease. AB - The results of radiation therapy in 212 patients with stages I and II Hodgkin's disease treated between 1963 and 1973 show that approximately 60% remain disease free following treatment. Multiple node involvement in stage II, particularly associated with infraclavicular node disease, is identified as a group where the relapse rate is high. This presentation is associated particularly with NS. In a group of 78 patients treated with radiotherapy following staging laparotomy and splenectomy approximately 80% remain in complete remission. The preliminary results of treatment in PS IIIa patients are substantially the same as those for PS I and II; the results of treatment for NS and MC disease are similar. The significance of involvement of the spleen is discussed. Although it is probable that Hodgkin's disease spreads to the spleen through the blood stream it is suggested that splenic involvement does not necessarily indicate that the involvement of other extralymphatic structures such as liver and marrow has occurred. However, when the nodes in the porta hepatis are involved splenic Hodgkin's disease may well be associated with an increased risk of occult hepatic infiltration. PMID- 1233085 TI - Carboxyl esterase activity of carcinoembryonic antigen? PMID- 1233086 TI - Chromium carcinogenesis, formation of epoxyaldehydes and tanning. PMID- 1233087 TI - Myelopathy simulating spinal cord tumor. AB - Three cases of demyelinating or necrotizing myelopathy are presented in which gradual onset of symptoms, slowly progressive course and widened cord shadow on myelography led to the erroneous diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasm. Two of the cases also had inconclusive surgical explorations. We would suggest that patients who seem to have even a typical clinical and myelographic picutre of an intrinsic cord neoplasm have a period of further observation before radiotherapy is begun and that a vigorous search be made for evidence of disseminated disease. PMID- 1233088 TI - Ventriculogastrostomy, an alternative means for CSF diversion: a preliminary study. AB - The feasibility of gastric CSF diversion in the management of hydrocephalus is evaluated in laboratory and clinical settings. A technique for ventriculogastrostomy is described and evaluated initially in 8 mongrel dogs. All distal shunts remained patent to the time of sacrifice. None of the animals exhibited leakage of gastric contents around the tubing. Cultures of the components of the shunting system and gastric mucosa were sterile. Clinical evaluation in a 3 week-old child is discussed. The trial was terminated at 3 weeks postsurgery because of the occurrance of an E. coli ventriculitis which was considered to be secondary to a preoperative conjunctivitis in which the organism was identical. It is concluded that there is good experimental evidence to support the concept of effectiveness of ventriculogastrostomy in the treatment of selected cases of hydrocephalus. PMID- 1233089 TI - Utilization of barium-impregnated ferromagnetic silicone in vascular occlusion. PMID- 1233090 TI - Pathogenesis of spike-wave status: a clinical-pathological study implicating cerebellar disturbance. AB - If cerebellar Purkinje cells function in a manner so as to terminate at least some types of seizures or to prevent their clinical development then loss of Purkinje cells should predispose to the prolonged or continuous occurance of these seizures. This study presents clinical data that may document such an instance and cites the supporting experimental data. PMID- 1233091 TI - Etiologies of Parkinsonism. AB - A case report is presented of a patient with Parkinsonism. Three contributory etiological factors are considered with the conclusion that craniocerebral trauma may have been the most significant cause of Parkinsonism in this individual. PMID- 1233092 TI - Botulism: a case report. PMID- 1233093 TI - Unusual head injury. PMID- 1233094 TI - [Coronary fistula in the right ventricle]. AB - A case of fistula between the left coronary artery and the right ventricle in a girl aged 14 months is described. The description of the case deals with the semeiological classification of cardiocoronary fistulas, the means of investigation and differential diagnostics. The therapy is purely surgical and consists in isolation, ligature and dissection of the anomalous coronary. PMID- 1233095 TI - [Echinococcic cyst of the thyroid]. AB - The Authors, starting from observation of a hydatid cyst of the thyroid, make an examination of this very rare pathological occurrence. They then put forward and evaluate the fundamental problem linked to this localisation of hydatidosis, a problem which can be summed up as the lack of pathological identification of the clinical pattern and the consequent ease of making a diagnostic error. They conclude by stating that the sole differential diagnostic criterion in relation to other diseases that may be considered (cystic uninodular goitre, adenoma, epithelial cyst, haematic pseudocyst) consists in the simple recollection of the possible existence of this very rare localisation of the echinococcus. PMID- 1233096 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the peritoneal fringes at the level of the terminal ileal loop]. AB - The Authors give a detailed picture of the peritoneal fringe of the terminal ileum. With the help of an iconography they describe the possible anatomical variations according with the surgical possibilities. PMID- 1233097 TI - [Chromosomal diseases of surgical interest]. AB - After a short review of the most common chromosomic diseases, the possibility of surgical action in some of these "chromosomic patients" is suggested. This possibility would appear to arise from a careful analysis involving various health components. In conclusion some working hypotheses which might be developed in the by no means distant future are discussed. PMID- 1233098 TI - [A case of non-familial ulcer mutilating acropathy of the foot]. AB - A case of non-familial pseudo-syringomyelic acropathy is presented; in view of its rarity, numerous hypotheses had to be considered with regard both to diagnosis and to pathogenesis. It was first taken to be an undoubted case of osteomyelitis, but the rapid advance of the osteolytic form, which resisted all treatment both local and general, whether antibiotic, surgical or orthopaedic, led to consideration of the possibility of sarcoma or some other benign tumoral form. The conclusion was reached that doubtful diagnosis can be settled only by bioptic examination, whereas aetiopathogenetic doubts still remain within the field of hypotheses (Lattuada). PMID- 1233099 TI - [Method of construction of the EDF plaster-of-paris corset for correction of progressive scoliosis]. AB - Some technical details are given with regard to making up the E.D.F. corrective corset used by the authors, who have wide experience in the bloodless treatment of infantile and youthful evolutive scoliosis, with a view to a wider spread of prophylaxis and treatment appliances by the Higher Health Boards today in operation. PMID- 1233101 TI - [The surgeon and chemotherapy of cancers]. PMID- 1233100 TI - [Clinico-statistical studies of the tibial varism frequent among the school population of the Chiavenna valley and its relation to varus arthropathy of the knee in adults]. AB - 384 adolescents in Chiavenna schools were examined in a study of the considerable incidence of tibia vara, seen as a first step towards the patterns of varizing arthrosic deformation of the knee in adults of the same zone; at the same time indications on prophylactic-preventive measures in the field of scholastic and sport medicine were given. PMID- 1233103 TI - The role of endoscopic polypectomy in improving survival in cancer of the colon. PMID- 1233102 TI - Resection and chemotherapy for melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1233104 TI - A comparison between pre- and post-operative pelvic irradiation using curative dosage and radical surgery alone for the treatment of advanced cancer of the urinary bladder. PMID- 1233105 TI - The results of selective conservative treatment in breast cancer. A five-to ten year follow-up. PMID- 1233106 TI - Pregnenolone metabolism in mammary carcinoma. PMID- 1233107 TI - The incidence of cestradiol receptor sites in breast tissues. PMID- 1233108 TI - The effect of ocestrogen on steroid metabolism by rat mammary carcinomas. PMID- 1233109 TI - Immune globulins A and M: biologic predictors of recurrence after mastectomy and irradiation. PMID- 1233111 TI - The fate of patients with severe multiple injuries, 5 years after intensive care. PMID- 1233110 TI - Studies of tumor-associated antigens in human breast cancer tissue. PMID- 1233112 TI - Bacterial urease as a factor in human disease. PMID- 1233113 TI - Metabolic aspects of induced deep hypothermia. PMID- 1233114 TI - Madecassol a new therapy for hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 1233115 TI - Operative details of continuous peritoneo-venous shunt for ascities. PMID- 1233116 TI - [Ideal transcystic operation in common bile duct lithiasis]. PMID- 1233117 TI - Endoscopy and retrograde choledochopancreatography in the diagnosis of post cholecystectomy symptoms. PMID- 1233119 TI - Acute pancreatitis: a prospective study on some factors in mortality. PMID- 1233118 TI - A study of ethanol action on the totally isolated canine pancreas. PMID- 1233120 TI - Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic duct cannulation (ERPC)as an aid to pancreatic surgery. PMID- 1233121 TI - Pancreaticogastrostomy following radical pancreaticoduodenal resection. PMID- 1233122 TI - Operative techniques in pancreas injuries. PMID- 1233123 TI - Causes of surgical failures in the treatment of achalasia. PMID- 1233124 TI - The Aarhus county vagotomy trial:parietal cell vagotomy with and without a pyloyrplasty versus selective gastric vagotomy with pyloroplasty or antrectomy. A two year follow-up after elective operation for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1233125 TI - Definitive statements on selective proximal vagotomy (SVP) with pyloroplasty as a stomach-preserving method in surgery of gastro-duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1233126 TI - The inhibition of gastric acid secretion by insulin. PMID- 1233127 TI - Serum minerals and calcium regulating hormones following selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) in humans. Preliminary results of a follow-up study. PMID- 1233128 TI - Gallstone ileus. PMID- 1233129 TI - Diagnostic error and operative findings in "appendicitis". PMID- 1233130 TI - [92 cases of colonic malignant amebiasis]. PMID- 1233131 TI - [Congenital myotonia (a case in a Senegalese child)]. PMID- 1233133 TI - [Brachial plexus trunk based on 122 dissections in west Africans]. PMID- 1233132 TI - [Prolapse of the urethral mucosa]. PMID- 1233134 TI - [A new case of malignant reticulosis with an acute development]. PMID- 1233135 TI - [Tuberculous lupus in an adolescent]. PMID- 1233136 TI - [Congenital rubella (apropos of an observed case at C.H.U. of Dakar)]. PMID- 1233137 TI - [Calculi of the male urethra]. PMID- 1233138 TI - [Posterior scapular artery and its relations with the primary trunk of the brachial plexus (apropos of 100 dissections)]. PMID- 1233139 TI - [Anomalies of the median nerve in west Africans (based on 122 dissections)]. PMID- 1233140 TI - [Cerebrovascular malformations in Senegal (biographical, anatomical and clinical study)]. PMID- 1233141 TI - [Can tolerance to adrenaline eyewashes be improved?]. PMID- 1233142 TI - [Successive appearance in 2 eyes operated on for cataracts, of cystoid edema followed by detachment of the retina]. PMID- 1233143 TI - [Papillophlebitis in young patients (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 1233144 TI - [Corneal abscess of probably mycotic origin in children]. PMID- 1233145 TI - [Eye movements and orbital angiography]. PMID- 1233147 TI - [Clinical modalities of disappearance of hyaline excresences of the macula]. PMID- 1233148 TI - [Advantages of surgery under the microscope in treatment of detachment of the retina]. PMID- 1233146 TI - [Tuberculin allergy and Eales' disease]. PMID- 1233149 TI - [Filiform hemorrhage of the angle during keratoplasty for keratoconus]. PMID- 1233150 TI - [Macular hemorrhage due to rapid loss of altitude in a helicopter]. PMID- 1233151 TI - [Farewell letters in suicidal acts in childhood and puberty]. PMID- 1233152 TI - [Delirium and ecstasy. The phenomenon of toxic ecstasy in young men]. AB - In the whole history of mankind, hallucinogenic drugs have played a big part in religious and cult practices and have transmitted special religious experiences during a drug-induced ecstasy. The present extension of drug consumption with a view to solving personal conflicts and transitory experience of happiness, as well as the unsuccessful 'quest for God' of many young drug consumers should be understood in the context of the specific drug effects, of the technological developments of our times, as well as of the change and breakdown of religious and cult traditions. This desperate quest for happiness and religious experience calls for a critical reflection about the present sociocultural developments and raises the question of the necessity of an authentic religious life. PMID- 1233153 TI - Ascites in Ethiopian patients: a preliminary study. PMID- 1233154 TI - Observer variability in reading Mantoux tests. PMID- 1233155 TI - A radiological survey of the female pelvis in Ethiopia. PMID- 1233156 TI - Tetanus: review of the literature and outline of prophylaxis and management. PMID- 1233157 TI - Congenital syphilis in an adult: an unusual presentation. PMID- 1233158 TI - Oral therapy for acute dehydrating diarrhoeas. PMID- 1233160 TI - Training in urology: conclusions of the round table discussion. PMID- 1233159 TI - Uretero-calicostomy. AB - Implantation of the ureter into the calyx is indicated in cases of uretero-pelvic stricture when anastomosis of the ureter with the pelvis is impossible. Results of this procedure performed in ten cases are presented. In two cases the same kidney was operated upon twice; in five cases the results were satisfactory; in two cases the results were poor, and in one case the time of observation is too short for proper evaluation. PMID- 1233161 TI - Characteristics of the tumours of the urinary tract in patients with endemic nephropathy. AB - The authors have studies in detail the development of tumours in the urinary tract of patients with endemic nephropathy (EN). They have found tumours in about 40% of these patients. They have performed operations for tumours of the urinary tract in 88 patients with EN, with a different localization in the upper part of the urinary tract. In 10% of the cases they have found bilateral tumours. The histological examination has revealed papillary tumours of a malignant character. They have shown specific symptoms of these tumours, not found with other tumours of the urinary tract. The main symptom is renal insufficiency which causes the death of the patients. The evolution of these tumours is comparatively slow and the nature of EN has determined the operative approach of the authors, a radical operation with haemodialysis when indicated. The paper is illustrated with four typical cases. PMID- 1233162 TI - treatment:treatment. PMID- 1233163 TI - Urological implications of food refining. AB - Evidence is accumulating that food-refining, which results in over-nutrition which carbohydrates as well as deficiency of fibre, protein, etc., is an important factor in the causation of many modern diseases. This concept has important implications for the urologist and may assist in the prevention of common urological problems such as renal calculus and infection. PMID- 1233164 TI - Transurethral resection for the assessment and treatment of vesical neoplasms: a review of 840 consecutive cases. AB - Non-infiltrating (T1), and superficially infiltrating (T2), vesical neoplasms can be treated satisfactorily by transurethral resection. Some T3 neoplasms can be treated this way, but most will require radiotherapy. The assessment and treatment of 840 cases are presented. Survival rates of 62% in T1 cases, 59% in T2 cases, and 20% in T3 cases are reported in 465 cases followed up for 5 years. PMID- 1233165 TI - Contribution to the study of the development of the terminal portion of the Wolffian duct and the ureter. AB - Ten human embryos ranging from 10 to 20 mm in vertex-coccyx length (Horizons XVI and XVII Streeter) aged between 33 +/- 1 and 39 +/- 1 days, were studied in order to interpret the mechanism which determines the displacement of the ureter from the dorsal part of the Wolffian duct toward the lateral wall of the bladder. We demonstrated that this movement occurs due to the fact that the duct common to the ureter and the Wolffian duct undergoes a process of internal rotation before it is absorbed by the urogenital sinus. This determines that the ureteral orifice enter the urogenital sinus laterally with respect to the Wolffian duct. This absorption indicates that the mucosa of the trigone is of mesoblastic origin and the remainder of the besical of endoblastic origin. The origin of the muscular apparatus of the detrusor is entirely mesoblastic. PMID- 1233166 TI - Development of the innervation of the ureter. AB - The development of the adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the ureter was studied by specific neurohistochemical methods. At birth, the musculature is devoid of adrenergic nerves. The first adrenergic nerve terminals start to appear 3--4 days after birth. During the following 4--6 weeks, the density of the nervous net-work increases rapidly to reach the final adult pattern of innervation. Cholinergic nerves were observed already before birth and their density increased rapidly during the first postnatal month. The development of a functional adrenergic neurotransmission appears later than the cholinergic innervation. Cholinergic nerves are thought to be possible sensory receptors. The development of the autonomic innervation appears to be related to the underlying maturation of the smooth musculature. PMID- 1233168 TI - Continent ileal bladder: an experimental study in dogs. AB - A method for constructing a continent ileal bladder has been tested in dogs. The requirements for a continent ileal bladder: continence, reservoir function, prevention of reflux, could be fulfilled in our experimental study. PMID- 1233167 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption in patients with ileal conduits. AB - The absorption of vitamin B12 was assessed using the 58Co-absorption test (Schilling test) in 39 patients in whom ileal loops had been used as urinary diversion after excision of the bladder for transitional cell carcinoma. 29% of the patients were found to absorb less than 12% of the offered dose of labelled vitamin B12 after excluding gastric-mediated malabsorption by the modified Schilling test. Examination of haemoglobin, MCV or vitamin B12 in the peripheral blood gave unreliable indications of the absorptive ability of these patients. PMID- 1233169 TI - Classification of bladder tumours. PMID- 1233170 TI - 100 case of nephrolithotomy under hypothermia. PMID- 1233171 TI - Hydrostatic bladder distension - physiology and clinical application. AB - Studies of bladder flow during hydrostatic distention using radioactive clearance techniques and progressive diminution in blood flow as bladder pressure rises. At systolic blood pressure blood flow is minimal. Prolonged hydrostatic distention has been used as a method of therapy in those patients with urgency of urine and urge incontinence with satisfactory early clinical results and impressive changes in the cystometrogram. PMID- 1233172 TI - Destructive forms of renal tuberculosis. AB - The incidence of renal tuberculosis has declined slowly in recent years, but its development has also changed. There are silent forms with few symptoms of spread and without very great bladder pain; nevertheless these forms can be very destructive, and even on first presentation may show a destroyed kidney. Our Urological Clinic in Belgrade treated 1,890 patients during a period of 23 years. We cannot incriminate streptomycin or PAS as the only causes of a tendency to fibrosis or for the silent forms of ureteric stenosis. Yet it seems certain that the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacillus changed in different persons under treatment with streptomycin and other antibiotics. The following represents the renal tuberculosis cases we have seen in the Urological Clinic in Belgrade during 1950--1972. PMID- 1233173 TI - Use of the Otis urethrotome in the treatment of urethral strictures and congenital urethral stenoses. AB - Internal urethrotomy using the Otis urethrotome is described in detail. Performing this procedure in 23 patients with urethral strictures, no further dilatations of the urethra were necessary in approximately 60%. If internal urethrotomy, which offers the advantages of having a very low rate of complications and which may be repeated, proves unsuccessful, a urethroplasty can still be carried out. As a preliminary procedure to transurethral resection of the prostate by cold punch technique, internal urethrotomy appears to be of great value in preventing urethral strictures - as demonstrated by follow-up studies in 351 patients. PMID- 1233174 TI - Experiences based on the classification of bladder tumours according to the TNM system. AB - Since 1967 we employ the TNM system of the UICC for the classification of bladder tumours. Cystography, pelvic arteriography and lymphography were carried out for the classification. 393 patients were examined by means of the X-ray methods. 323 patients were classified according to the TNM system. The 'P' stage was stated in 134 patients. This group of patients enabled a control of the pre-therapeutical classification. We found extensive conformity between pre-operative and post operative diagnoses. The methods of classification tested by us allow an exact diagnosis. PMID- 1233175 TI - Diagnositc and therapeutic patterns of bladder tumours. AB - The clinical findings and results obtained in a group of 100 patients with bladder tumours are presented. These patients were controlled during a 5-year period, and submitted to the same patterns of investigation and treatment. The treatment instituted was cobalt therapy together with 5-fluorouracil, followed by surgical intervention. The results have been evaluated according to the outcome and survival rates obtained. PMID- 1233176 TI - New aspects in combined treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. AB - To further improve the results of treatment of malignant processes of the urinary bladder, the authors reviewed in detail 420 cases under combined treatment. They found the following results: (1) In 96 (38.4%) out of 250 cases, the cystoscopically normal mucosa distant from the tumour showed histologically definite cancer tissue. (2) The destruction of residual tumour elements by ionising energy after operation depends on the relation between tumour and connective tissue. If there is sufficient connective tissue residual tumours may be destroyed in all probability, otherwise prognosis is poor. (3) In case of tumour cell mass formation in the microspace without active connective tissue, a curative effect by means of ionising energy after operation is not to be exptected, whether there is a multilocular development of carcinoma or not. Surgical treatment has to be extended according to the condition. PMID- 1233177 TI - Traumatic ruptures of the urethra in children. AB - Considering 4 cases of urethral injuries in male children, the authors' attitude regarding pelvic factors with urethral trauma is described. They insist on the importance of intravenous urography in fresh injuries, which is very helpful to diagnose the legend of the upper and lower urinary tract. Regarding dilatation treatment of urethral injuries, resection of the urethral stenosis, followed up by direct suture of the urethra is suggested as the best treatment. PMID- 1233178 TI - Segmental urethrectomy and urethrorrhaphy for treatment of fresh and late traumatic urethral lesions. AB - For 16 years we have used segmental urethrectomy with end-to-end urethrorrhaphy for treatment of traumatic urethral lesions, in preference to two-stage urethroplasties. The approach has been transperineal, retropubic, and if necessary transpubic. Good results in 41 cases with long-term follow-up allow us to say that this is a good operation. It provides in two thirds of the patients a correct and stable urethral stream, complete bladder emptying, and does not affect urinary control or sexual function if this was normal following the injury. PMID- 1233179 TI - The prosthetic replacement of the ureter: experimental and clinical results. AB - The authors present their experience over several years in replacement of the ureter by a silicone prosthesis. This includes experimental work in dogs and clinical application performed in three different ways: (1) A uretero-vesical or pelvo-vesical bridge. Trials were started in 1967 and on the whole the results have been good, although in some cases deterioration was noted after a few months (18-20). The quality of the results obtained experimentally, encouraged clinical application and the authors employed ten prostheses in patients with advanced carcinoma and obstruction. The results have been excellent and a cutaneous fistula or diversion has been avoided. (2) Segmental replacement of the lumbo iliac ureter. In experiments in 15 dogs, there were nine successful results, with survival periods of from 19 to 25 months. One patient has been treated with an immediate good result. (3) A renal-ureteric bridge. By implanting the top end of the prosthesis in the lower calyx and at the lower end in the lumbo-iliac ureter, the pelvis and proximal ureter are by-passed. This procedure has been applied in one patient. He has been followed up for only 4 months, but the results appear to be excellent. PMID- 1233180 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in 10 cases of pheochromocytomae. AB - Ten cases of pheochromocytomae, of which eight were benign and two malignant have been considered. All patients presented with hypertension, either paroxysmal (7 cases) or permanent (3 cases). It is essential to emphasize that the initial symptomatology of these patients on their admission to the hospital was often atypical and misleading: in 2 cases, the symptomatology was urological, in 2 cases psychatric and in one digestive. Quantitative determination of catecholamines and their metabolites was positive in 7 cases out of 10. Retropneumoperitoneal insufflation combined with intravenous urography and tomographies provided valuable information in each case. The surgical removal of these tumours, which was unilateral and in normal position, in each case, was carried out without complications. Sudden blood pressure variations observed during the operation could be controlled without difficulty. In 6 patients, the blood pressure became normal and remained so for 4 years. In 2 other patients, the blood pressure came back to normal after the operation, but presented a slight increase 1 year later. Pheochromocytomae, which are often masked by a misleading symptomatology, must be systematically searched for in all hypertensive patients, despite the characteristics of the hypertension. Surgical removal, if done early enough, produces cure of the hypertension. PMID- 1233182 TI - Doxycycline levels in prostatic tissue and blood. AB - Doxycycline was administered orally to 23 patients scheduled for prostatectomy or radical cystectomy. Blood and prostatic tissue samples were collected simultaneously during operation and subsequently assayed for doxycycline levels. The concentration of doxycycline in the prostatic tissue was on average 2.75 mug/g which is far above the therapeutic level. The lowest level recorded was 0.85 mug and the highest was 4.81 mug. The findings suggest a tendency for this antibiotic to accumulate in prostatic tissue. This is in agreement with the clinical observations of the good effect of doxycycline treatment in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis. PMID- 1233181 TI - Experimental urinary stone formation following persorption. AB - The 'effect of Herbst' was combined with the production of renal calcium oxalate sediments by oral administration of ethyleneglycol and acidification with NH4Cl. This investigation was made to see whether persorbed bodies may form nuclei in crystallization in the genesis of stone. Lead sulphide crystals and 45Ca-labelled calcium oxalate crystals were used as persorbable model bodies. It became apparent that lead sulphide crystals given by mouth could be found both in the urine and kidneys, but these did not form nuclei in calcium oxalate sediments. Radioactive-labelled calcium, however, could be proved histoautoradiographically within the renal concretions. Our experiments showed that persorbed calcium oxalate crystals can represent nuclei for stone formation. PMID- 1233183 TI - Duraplasty of the urinary bladder--results after two to six years. AB - Duraplasty of the urinary bladder is indicated in contracted bladder to enlarge the capacity and also after bladder wall resection for carcinoma of the bladder. A series of 34 patients followed up for 2-6 years is reported. PMID- 1233184 TI - Variations of origin of the renal artery: a review covering 403 aortographies. AB - With 403 aortographies made for various reasons, the authors study the level of origin of renal arteries in respect to the lumbar vertebrae. They compare the information supplied by arteriography with the findings of classical authors after dissection. When there are two kidneys, and one artery per kidney, these arteries originate at the level of the first two lumbar vertebrae, the right artery at the same level or above the left artery. Special cases are also considered, as for instance kidneys vascularized by several arteries, single kidneys and fused renal masses, amongst which the horseshoe kidney is the commonest. The interest of this study, in relation to both the removal or reparative renal surgery, and to renal transplantation is here emphasized. PMID- 1233185 TI - The effectiveness of transrectal aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. AB - A study was undertaken in 403 patients suspected on rectal examination of carcinoma of the prostate, comparing the accuracy of cytological examination after aspiration biopsy with a Franzen's needle and transrectal punch biopsy for histological diagnosis. The results indicated 93.35% cytological accuracy. In 2.39% of the cases cancer was not detected cytologically. In 3.72% of the cases, a cytological diagnosis was made but not a histological one. This emphasizes the great value of the thin needle biopsy. Its advantage is that the examination can be carried out at any time, without preparation, narcosis or danger to the patient. Moreover, it allows a control of, and gives preliminary information on the success of hormone or radiotherapy. PMID- 1233186 TI - Urethral duplications in the male. AB - A classification of duplications of the male urethra has been presented together with our clinical experience. The commonest variety is epispadiac form which may be complete, incomplete or abortive. Less common are the hypospadiac forms and very much rarer are the spindle urethras where the bladder neck and also the distal urethra are single. The bifid urethra with pre-anal accessory track is relatively common but has often gone unrecognised. PMID- 1233188 TI - Controlled prevention of post-operative thrombosis in urological diseases with depot heparin. AB - The frequency of venous thrombosis after urological operation was investigated by means of iodine fibrinogen in 65 patients chosen at random. 34 patients were treated with depot heparin (Calciparin). Out of 31 patients, 18 (58%) presented an increase of the fibrinogen radioactivity. Moreover, these 18 untreated patients presented clinical signs of thrombosis. On the other hand, the fibrinogen radioactivity was increased in 4 patients (12%) of the Calciparin group. Comparison of the results of the control group and the experimental group is quite significant. The advantage of the prevention of thrombosis is more obvious in longer lasting operations. PMID- 1233187 TI - Treatment of cystinuria with Thiola (alpha-mercaptopropionyl glycine). AB - Nine cystinuric patients (8 females and 1 male) with recurrent L-cystine stone formation have been treated since 1971 with the new drug Thiola (alpha mercaptopropionyl glycine). Thiola was found to be more effective than D penicillamine in dissolving L-cystine. In two case a partial dissolution was observed after 20 months of Thiola administration. In four cases further stone growth was stopped. In the last two cases stone growth occurred even after administration of Thiola. Tolerance of the drug was good, and no serious effects were observed sufficient to interrupt treatment. PMID- 1233189 TI - The value of standard diet in urolithiasis. AB - The excretion of magnesium, calcium, zinc and citric acid was determined in the urine of 11 patients with urinary calculi and in 5 healthy subjects on a standard diet for a period of 5 days. It was found that there was more or less distinct dependence of electrolytes and citric acid on the standard diet. In order to obtain accurate results, mineral metabolism in stone patients can only be investigated under defined conditions (i.e. the standard diet). The excretion of magnesium and citric acid in the urine was reduced in patients with calcium oxalate stone, while that of calcium and zinc was increased. PMID- 1233190 TI - The influence of polyglycolic acid (Dexon) on the formation of urinary calculi in rats fed with oxamide. AB - Rats fed with 2% oxamide diet were considered as a model for the patient with a tendency to stone formation. Polyglycolic acid (Dexon) sary stream caused formation of oxamide deposits in a percentage as high as that observed with silk sutures. A high degree of toxicity was observed with the chosen concentration of oxamide diet (weight loss, mortality). The importance of oxamide concentration is underlined for further experiments on the influence of suture material on urinary infection and stone formation. PMID- 1233191 TI - Echinococcal cyst of the adrenal gland. AB - A very rare case of echinococcal cyst of the adrenal gland is reported. Other organs were free of echinococcal cysts. Treatment consisted of surgical removal of the adrenal cyst through a subcostal incision. PMID- 1233192 TI - Duplication of the urethra--transurethral treatment. AB - A case of partial duplication of the male urethra is reported. Treatment consisted in transurethral section of the septum between the bulbar urethra and accessory urethral canal by internal urethrotomy. PMID- 1233193 TI - Regeneration of 2.5 cm of the ureter. AB - Regeneration of the ureter from a strip of healthy wall is well known. Regeneration after loss of the whole is an unusual phenomenon. A case of regeneration is presented after complete loss of 2.5 cm. Urography 1-5 years afterwards showed a normally functioning kidney. Bibliography of experimental and clinical work is discussed. PMID- 1233194 TI - The possible role of transurethral resection in the dissemination of prostatic cancer. AB - Prostatic carcinoma often reveals two different forms of tumour growth: (1) vigorous, almost therapy-resistant local growth, with absent or very slow metastasis (group 1), and (2) slight local growth responsive to therapy, combined however with swiftly forming distant metastasis (group 2). Two groups of such patients were examined in relation to primary findings and clinical course. Two factors were found in which they markedly differ. (1) The histological findings: in group 1 significantly more mature cancer forms appeared. (2) TREATMENT: a strikingly higher number of transurethral resections were performed upon in group 2 patient. The difference in the clinical development of prostatic cancer seems to be due to variations in the biology (as yet unknown) but may be partly to operative interference. PMID- 1233195 TI - Vasectomy in prostatic surgery. AB - A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of vasectomy in prostatic surgery. The results showed that vasectomy does not reduce the incidence of epididymitis. Since vasectomy is not without disadvantages (such as sterility, some prolongation of the operation and the possible occurrence of complications) vasectomy as a routine in prostatic surgery is not indicated. PMID- 1233196 TI - Surgical technique and results of primary repair in recent urethral injuries: a review of 49 consecutive cases. AB - Late results after primary repair in 49 recent urethral injuries of the urethra treated through a perineal approach by sutures of realignment with splinting, and suprapublic and perineal drainage were assessed by measuring urethral flow, urethrography, urine analysis and other examinations. In 15 straddle injuries the results were excellent. Of 34 injuries associated with pelvic fracture 50% had satisfactory results. 12% had marked, but tolerable difficulties in micturition. Important details of operative technique are mentioned. A preference for primary repair in comparison with early cybstostomy and delayed reconstruction of the urethra is confirmed. PMID- 1233197 TI - Development of the smooth muscle of the ureter and vesical trigone: histological investigation in human fetus. AB - The development of the muscular tissue of the ureter, ureterovesical junction and vesical trigone in the human fetus has been investigated using serial histological sections. The muscular tissue firstly appears in the lumbar tract of the ureter and the further smooth muscle development occurs in a cranio-caudal direction. The muscular tissue in the intravesical portion of the ureter is present only in fetuses between 22 and 24 weeks. The development of the muscular tissue of the trigone is dependent upon the development of smooth muscle of this tract. PMID- 1233198 TI - Obstruction and normal recanalization of the ureter in the human embryo. Its relation to congenital ureteric obstruction. AB - In this work, after the study of 45 normal human embryos of 5-55 mm from vertex to coccyx, it is shown that the ureteric ducts, which in the first phases of development are permeable (embryos of 5-13 mm), constantly undergo a process of obstruction and posterior recanalization of their lumen, which takes place when they are from 14 to 22 mm. These processes begin in the middle zone of the ureters and progress proximally and distally until they cover its entire length, for which these ducts, which in embryos of approximately 17 mm in length form solid cords, but in the embryos of 23 mm are totally permeable. This obstructive process is found in relation to atrophy and loss of activity of the mesonephros, while that of recanalization follows the intense longitudinal growth of the ureters in this phase of development. These modifications, which the ureteric lumen normally undergoes during its embryonic development, are of great importance for correct interpretation of the pathogenic mechanism of congenital ureteric strictures and valves. PMID- 1233199 TI - Sodium cellulose phosphate-induced increment in urinary calcium/magnesium ratio. AB - In 19 adult patients, with renal stones containing calcium and hypercalciuria, urinary calcium and magnesium excretion and urinary calcium/magnesium ratio was investigated before and during 4 days of treatment with sodium cellulose phosphate. Urinary magnesium excretion fell following sodium cellulose phosphate therapy in all but 1 patient investigated: in 9 patients by less than 50% and in 10 by more than 50% of the pretreatment values. In the latter group of patients urinary calcium/magnesium ratio increased significantly from the mean values ( +/ SD) 3.2 +/- 1.1 to 6.77 +/- 6.9. In 6 patients serum magnesium absorption is suggested, and routine serum and urinary magnesium analysis with the early treatment of magnesium deficiency in patients treated with sodium cellulose phosphate are recommended. PMID- 1233200 TI - Sigmoid kidney associated with renal adenocarcinoma. AB - A rare case of adenocarcinoma in a sigmoid kidney is reported. The literature is reviewed and the operative technique described. Preoperative arteriogram and cavogram are an essential part of the evaluation and provide aid in the surgical approach. PMID- 1233201 TI - Properties of acebutolol in twenty patients with cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Acebutolol (M & B 17,803 A), a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was given intravenously to 20 selected patients with various cardiac arrhythmias. Cumulative doses ranging from 12.5 to 50 mg were moderately or highly effective in 4 out of 4 patients with sinus tachycardia, 2 out of 3 patients with premature atrial beats, 3 out of 4 patients with premature ventricular beats, 3 out of 5 patients with atrial fibrillation (one was converted to sinus rhythm) and in 2 out of 3 patients with atrial flutter. The drug was ineffective in one patient with atrial tachycardia. Mild systolic hypotension occured in two patients with recent myocardial infarction and there was some aggravation of a preexisting bronchospasm in a patient with congestive heart failure secondary to hyper-thyroidism. It was concluded that acebutolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker which by intravenous route may be useful in the treatment of selected cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1233202 TI - A comparison of plasma levels of L(+) pseudoephedrine following different formulations, and their relation to cardiovascular and subjective effects in man. AB - Plasma concentrations of L(+)pseudoephedrine administered in clinically used dosages were determined by gas liquid chromatography using a nitrogen sensitive detector. They were measured after administered of an immediate release formulation (Sudafed) given in either a single dose of 180 mg, or three divided doses of 60 mg, and also after administration of two different sustained release preparations containing 180 mg. Ten subjects each received five treatment regimes, administration being ordered in a balanced design based on 2 five sided Latin squares. Significant differences were found between plasma concentrations and rates of urinary excretion of L(+)pseudoephedrine following administration of the different preparations. Peak plasma concentrations were greatest after 180 mg of the immediate release preparation while more sustained elevations of concentration followed administration of both sustained release preparations and the immediate release preparation in repeated doses. Despite these differences in plasma concentration significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or subjective ratings of mental state rarely occured, and the reasons for this are discussed. In a second study, one of the sustained release preparations was administered to 10 subjects at a dose of 180 mg twice daily for two weeks, and plasma concentrations and effects were measured. L(+)pseudoephedrine plasma levels reached a plateau in 3 days producing increased heart rate initially insomnia occurred but this disappeared after 3 days. PMID- 1233203 TI - Pharmacokinetics in the elderly. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulphamethizole, paracetamol and phenylbutazone were investigated and compared in young and geriatric subjects. The rate and extent of absorption of the drugs did not appear to be affected by increasing subject age. However, the mean half-lives for sulphamethizole and paracetamol were significantly increased in the geriatric subjects. A number of correlations are presented between the elimination rate constants of the drugs and certain subject parameters and variables. The elimination of phenylbutazone was found not to be influenced significantly by subject age. The apparent volumes of distribution of the three drugs were not age-dependent. PMID- 1233204 TI - Interaction of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and tolbutamide in man. AB - The influence of tolbutamide administration on the plasma concentrations of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) was investigated in seventeen long-stay patients with epilepsy. Tolbutamide, 0.5 g 2-3x daily, considerably increased the proportion of non-protein-bound DPH in plasma (mean: 44.6% of control values). The increase was transient, unlike the decrease found in total plasma DPH-concentration (approx. 10% of control values). In vitro experiments confirmed that the interaction between DPH and tolbutamide was due to displacement of DPH from plasma proteins. Some factors that limit the capacity to metabolise DPH in the liver are discussed; they may increase the risk of DPH-intoxication in patients who take sulphonyl-ureas. PMID- 1233205 TI - Acetylation of procaine amide in man. A preliminary communication. AB - The metabolism of procaine amide was studied in 41 cardiac patients who had achieved steady state plasma concentrations of the drug. Acetylated procaine amide accounted for 31 +/- 12% (range 16-63%) of the overall urinary recovery of the drug and is therefore a main metabolite in man. Plasma levels of the metabolite were usually lower but sometimes exceeded those of the parent compound with variations between 1 and 15 mug/ml. The metabolite had a weaker effect than procaine amide on the maximal electrical driving velocity of isolated atrial strips from guinea pig. PMID- 1233206 TI - The effect of buffered aspirin on plasma indomethacin. AB - Plasma indomethacin levels have been compared in 10 subjects following 100 mg of indomethacin from two different formulations, with similar disintegration and dissolution profiles. In four of these ten subjects plasma indomethacin levels were estimated after pretreatment with, and concurrent administration of, a buffered aspirin. The percentage of protein binding of indomethacin in the presence of salicylate was also estimated. No significant differences between peak plasma indomethacin levels with or without buffered aspirin were detected, but the rate of indomethacin absorption as shown by plasma levels, was significantly increased by pretreatment with and concurrent administration of, buffered aspirin. This was associated with a marked increase in side effects. PMID- 1233207 TI - Plasma level and broncholytic effect of choline theophyllinate after a single dose of a press-coated tablet formulation. AB - The broncholytic effect and plasma concentrations of theophylline in 10 asthmatic patients were studied for 8 hours after a single dose of 600 mg choline theophyllinate in press-coated 200 mg tablets. Therapeutic concentrations of theophylline were rapidly achieved and the plasma peak averaged 10.4 mug/ml after 2 hours. The broncholytic effect was closely related to the plasma level of theophylline. The largest change was in FEV1, which was significantly increased 1 to 6 hours after the dose. No patient complained of adverse effects. A theophylline concentration of 7 mug/ml plasma was adequate for a broncholytic effect, but a higher level was required for a maximal response. The results provide a basis for further studies to establish a dosage schedule suitable for prolonged therapy. PMID- 1233208 TI - Plasma theophylline level and ventilatory function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during prolonged oral treatment with choline theophyllinate. AB - Plasma levels of theophylline and broncholytic activity have been studied in 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during prolonged oral treatment with choline theophyllinate, administered as a press-coated tablet (BrondaxinR). The plasma levels determined immediately before and 80 minutes after each dose showed very good agreement with those calculated on the basis of data from a previous single dose study. The plasma concentration and improvement in ventilatory function were closely correlated throughout the 48 hours of the study. A tendency towards further reduction of bronchial obstruction was observed during the second day, despite essentially unchanged plasma levels of theophylline. The results provide a rational basis for determination of an optimal dose schedule for oral treatment with choline theophyllinate to reduce the symptoms of obstructive bronchial disease. PMID- 1233209 TI - Persistent parotid pain due to guanacline. AB - Details are given of 17 patients who developed parotid pain during treatment with guanacline and which persisted after cessation of guanacline for upto five and a half years. These patients are compared with 17 patients who received similar treatment with guanacline and who did not develop parotid pain. There was no significant difference between patients who experienced parotid pain and those who did not with respect to sex, age, clinical diagnosis, blood urea, previous hypotensive therapy or other drugs given concurrently with guanacline. There was a slightly greater association of parotid pain with other side effects and with a larger daily dose of guanacline. It is suggested that persistent parotid pain after guanacline therapy is due to prolonged or permanent selective sympathetic nerve damage in the region of the cervical sympathetic nerve supply to the salivary glands. PMID- 1233210 TI - General pharmacokinetic equations for linear mammillary models with drug absorption into peripheral compartments. AB - General equations are derived for the disposition functions of any compartment in a linear mammillary model, when the system input occurs into a peripheral compartment. Laplace transforms and matrix algebra are used to derive these equations. Equations describing the time-course of a drug in any compartment are readily obtainable using disposition and input functions. PMID- 1233211 TI - The measurement of drug consumption. Drugs for diabetes in Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden. AB - The consumption of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs was measured at the gross sales level in Sweden and Norway and at the prescription level in Northern Ireland. ""Agreed daily doses'' were used as units of comparison, which defined as follows: insulin 40 I.U., tolbutamide 1 g, acetohexamide 500 mg etc. Consumption was expressed as the number of ""agreed daily doses'' per 1,000 inhabitants per day. This provided a rough estimate of the number of subjects for whom the drug had been prescribed per 1,000 population. The data were collected during the three months April-June 1971. Marked differences in the consumption of antidiabetic drugs were found between the three countries and also between areas within each country. The consumption of insulin was similar in Norway and Northern Ireland (3.5 and 3.9 agreed daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day), but almost twice as high in Sweden. In Norway much lower use was found in certain rural areas. The variation in the consumption of oral antidiabetic drugs was even more marked. Surprisingly, consumption was considerably higher in Sweden (15.8) than in the nearby Norway (7.3), and was even lower in Northern Ireland (4.3). The major use was of sulphonylureas, especially chlorpropamide. Within the countries there was marked regional variation in the choice of individual biguanides and sulphonylureas. The data are discussed in relation to such factors as the incidence of diabetes, the sole use of dietary treatment etc. It is concluded that studies in depth, which link the actual use of drugs by patients to diagnosis, diabetic symptoms and clinical outcome of treatment are necessary in order to explore the reasons behind the marked geographical differences and to define a rational drug policy. However, the methods described in the study may be used for early detection of gross national differences in drug utilization, the further investigation of which may reveal to be of great public health interest. PMID- 1233212 TI - Distribution and elimination kinetics of carbamazepine in man. AB - Carbamazepine (2.7-3 mg/kg) was administered orally as an alcoholic solution (50% v/v) to eight healthy volunteers. Two of the subjects were also given 50 mg and 100 mg of carbamazepine in alcoholic solution and 200 mg as a tablet. Plasma concentrations, which were analysed by mass fragmentography, reached a maximum 1 7 hours after dosing, and then declined monoexponentially with half-lives ranging from 24 to 46 hours. The half-lives were independent of dose. The apparent distribution volume ranged from 0.79 to 1.40 1/kg. It was found that 72% of carbamazepine was bound to plasma proteins with little interindividual variation, and this was not influenced by the presence of diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital in therapeutic concentrations. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from single oral doses were used to predict the steady-state plasma concentration expected after treatment with multiple doses of 200 mg three times daily. The predicted steady-state concentration was 2-3 times higher than that reported in patients undergoing chronic treatment with carbamazepine at this dose level, i.e. the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine apparently change during multiple dosing. PMID- 1233213 TI - Concentrations of the vasodilator isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in the blood of human subjects. AB - An oral dose of 5 mg of 14C-isosorbide dinitrate was rapidly absorbed, biotransformed and excreted by human subjects. Peak whole blood concentrations of radioactivity were reached after 1.5 to 2 hours and declined relatively slowly. The radioactivity in whole blood mainly represented metabolites, isosorbide mononitrates. The peak concentrations found were 4.5, 11.7 and 34.3 ng/ml of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 2-mononitrate and isosorbide 5-mononitrate, respectively, in the blood of one subject and 5.9, 15 and 61.3 ng/ml, respectively, in the blood of another subject. However, concentrations of the metabolites declined relatively slowly during 6 h after the oral urine of the first day (ca. 78%). The results showed that isosorbide mononitrates were available to contribute to the pharmacological action. PMID- 1233215 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous disopyramide in heart failure. AB - The haemodynamic effects of disopyramide have been studied in 11 patients with manifest or imminent heart failure. Disopyramide, 2 mg per kg body weight, was given intravenously during right and left heart catheterisation. The cardiac index decreased by an average of 28% (p less than 0.01); mean maximal left and right ventricular end-diastolic pressures were increased by 5.0+/-0.9 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and 5.0+/-0.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), respectively; and left ventricular systolic pressure fell slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05). No significant change in right ventricular systolic pressure was seen. Pulmonary wedge pressure rose on average by 2.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). No significant change in heart rate was observed in 5 patients with sinus rhythm. In 6 patients with atrial fibrillation, there was a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in heart rate; the average increase in heart rate for the entire group was 19.6 beats per minute. The maximum effect on all the parameters occurred 7-11 minutes after the injection, and it gradually subsided during the following 10 minutes. It was concluded that disopyramide had a potentially serious myocardial depressant effect. PMID- 1233214 TI - Excretion of norephedrine by man after oral administration of oxyfedrine. AB - After oral administration of oxyfedrine to healthy volunteers, norephedrine was identified in the urine by thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrography. 30 hours after single oral doses of 8, 16 or 24 mg of oxyfedrine, about 4, 8 and 9 mg, respectively, of norephedrine were found in the urine, i.e. on a molar base 75-100% of the dose was excreted as norephedrine. The peak of excretion occurred within 2-4 hours after administration of the drug. No accumulation of oxyfedrine and/or its metabolite was observed after administration of 16 mg of oxyfedrine t.i.d. for three days. It could not be decided whether oxyfedrine was metabolized to norephedrine by liver enzymes, as in rats, or was spontaneously degraded to norephedrine, e.g. in duodenal fluid before absorption. 30-150 min after oral oxyfedrine (24 mg) norephedrine was demonstrable in duodenal fluid. Thus, in addition to the direct beta-sympathomimetic effects of oxyfedrine, it may also have indirect sympathomimetic effects because of the noradrenaline-releasing properties of its metabolite norephedrine. PMID- 1233216 TI - Effects of intravenous propranolol and metoprolol and their interaction with isoprenaline on pulmonary function, heart rate and blood pressure in asthmatics. AB - The effects of propranolol (0.06 mg/kg i.v.), the selective beta1-receptor antagonist metoprolol (0.12 mg/kg i.v.) and a placebo on pulmonary function, heart rate and blood pressure have been compared in asthmatics. The interaction of these drugs with increasing doses of isoprenaline on the same variables was also studied. The two beta-blockers reduced resting heart rate to the same extent, indicating the same degree of blockade of cardiac beta-receptors. Both beta-blockers reduced the basal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and the effect tended to be more pronounced after propranolol. Isoprenaline caused a dose-dependent increase in FEV1 and vital capacity (VC). These effects were almost completely blocked by propranolol, whereas after metoprolol the changes approached that of the placebo. The isoprenaline-induced increase in heart rate and fall in diastolic blood pressure was also inhibited to a considerably greater extent by propranolol than by metoprolol. The results show a selectivity of metoprolol for so-called beta1-receptors and indicate that metoprolol may be used in asthmatics provided that it is combined with beta2 receptor-stimulating drugs. PMID- 1233217 TI - Correlation between increased dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and catecholamine concentration in plasma: determination of acute changes in sympathetic activity in man. AB - In 11 healthy untrained volunteers the increase in plasma dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) activity during graded physical exercise has been examined as a true measure of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The correlation between DBH activity, catecholamine concentration (CA) in plasma and heart rate was studied. When work on an electrically braked bicycle ergometer was gradually increased from 12.5 to 100, 200 and 300 watts there was a linear increase in DBH activity and heart rate; the increase in CA concentrations followed an exponential function. The peak values for DBH activity and CA concentration in plasma after the 300 watt work load (as percentages of the resting levels) were 130+/-3% and 820+/-71%, respectively; the adrenaline concentration in plasma increased only to 150+/-19% (p less than 0.05). There were significant correlations between heart rate and work load, DBH and work load and log CA and work load. The data imply direct correlations between heart rate and DBH, heart rate and log CA and DBH and log CA. The exponential increase in noradrenaline concentration in plasma might be due either to a greater net ""overflow'' from sympathetic nerve endings, and/or to increased secretion by the adrenal medulla. In the latter case, the release of noradrenaline would not be accompanied by secretion either of adrenaline or DBH. After work ceased there were sharp falls in heart rate and CA concentration, which indicate an immediate drop in sympathetic activity. DBH activity in plasma returned to normal very slowly; it reached half maximum values after 20-22 min. It is concluded that increased sympathetic activity in man can be estimated in vivo as changes in DBH and/or CA concentration in plasma. In contrast, a rapid decrease in sympathetic activity is directly reflected only by a rapid fall in the plasma concentrations of CA. PMID- 1233218 TI - Pilot study of the effect of terodiline chloride (Bicor) in obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Terodiline chloride, 150 mg daily, was administered to 10 patients with obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary function tests were performed before and during two weeks of therapy. Serious side effects of anticholinergic type developed in two patients who stopped treatment. Two patients were excluded from the trial for other reasons. The remaining six patients showed signs of bronchodilation. Owing to the high incidence of side effects, treatment with more than 75 mg terodiline chloride per day is impracticable. PMID- 1233219 TI - Effects of metoprolol and propranolol on furosemide-stimulated renin release in healthy subjects. AB - The effects of single doses of the beta1-receptor antagonist metoprolol (40 mg orally), propranolol (40 mg orally) and placebo were compared on furosemide stimulated plasma renin activity (PRA) in seven healthy subjects. In the placebo studies, PRA increased by 0.59+/-0.18 ng x ml-1 x h-1 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 30-60 mg furosemide. After propranolol and metoprolol, the corresponding increases in PRA were significantly less pronounced amounting to 0.16+/-0.06 and 0.24+/-0.08 ng x ml-1 x h-1, respectively. The resting heart rate was reduced to the same extent after the two beta-blockers, which means that the two drugs had been given in equipotent beta1-receptor blocking doses. It is suggested that the release of renin from the kidney may partly be mediated via an adrenergic beta1-receptor. PMID- 1233220 TI - Pharmacokinetics and side-effects of clonazepam and its 7-amino-metabolite in man. AB - Clonazepam (CNP) and its principal metabolite in plasma, 7-amino-CNP (ACNP), have been investigated in a prospective study of 27 newly diagnosed epileptics and correlated with specified side-effects. At a daily dose of 6 mg, the average plasma levels of both substances were about 50ng/ml, and individual values ranged from 30 to about 80 ng/ml. There was a linear correlation between changes in dose and the resulting plasma levels, which indicates first order elimination kinetics. Side-effects were frequent, but neither their severity nor their occurrence could be related to plasma levels or to the rate of increase in plasma concentration of the drug. Three out of five patients who developed serious dysphoria had significantly high CNP levels. The concentration of ACNP was considerably increased in four patients who subsequently suffered from withdrawal symptoms. Drug interaction with diphenylhydantoin, i.e. decreased CNP level, was observed in all five patients who received both compounds. In general it is not yet possible to define an upper limit for the plasma levels of CNP and ACNP at which toxicity occurs. In patients treated with conventional doses of CNP, measurement of plasma concentration is not required, except in special circumstances, because of the lack of correlation between plasma level and side effects. PMID- 1233221 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3, in man. AB - Vitamin D analogues of high biological activity are probably useful in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy. The pharmacokinetics of the synthetic compound 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol have been studied in healthy subjects who were of normal vitamin D status. In comparison to natural 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol, serum levels of the analogue were lower and its half-life in blood after oral or intravenous administration was considerably shorter. In normal subjects no increase of dihydroxylated metabolites in serum was observed within seven days of an intravenous dose. PMID- 1233222 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin in man. AB - The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the analgesic phenacetin have been determined in six healthy adults. After rapid i.v. injection of 250 mg phenacetin, the log plasma concentrations versus time curves were evaluated according to the rules of a two-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t1/2)beta varied from 37 to 74 minutes. The volume of distribution (Vd)beta ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 1 per kg body weight. The total clearance of the drug was high and approximated the average value of hepatic blood flow in normal adults. In agreement with this finding, the bioavailability of a small oral dose of phenacetin (0.25 g) was almost nil, as the bulk of the drug was cleared during its first pass through the liver. With large oral doses (1.0 g) the first-pass effect decreased and availability increased. The results are discussed and related to current general views of the liver-first-pass phenomenon. PMID- 1233223 TI - The protein binding of some drugs in plasma from patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - The binding of 5 drugs to plasma proteins from patients with alcoholic liver disease has been studied by in vitro techniques and compared to that from normal subjects. The binding of quinidine is decreased in such patients. For this reason, if in patients with alcoholic liver disease treated for coincidental arrhythmias with quinidine, plasma quinidine concentrations are measured, allowance for the decreased binding must be made in interpreting the concentration measurements. Diphenylhydantoin binding was normal or near normal in most of the patients' plasma samples. The other drugs tested, fluorescein, dapsone, and triamterene, had decreased binding in the patients' plasma samples. PMID- 1233224 TI - Anticoagulant effect and plasma kinetics of fluorophenindione after a single dose in man. AB - After administration of a single loading dose (80 mg p.o.) of fluorophenindione, the prothrombin level decreased to 37% in 24 h, and the effect lasted for 48 h. Accordingly, fluorophenindione can be classified as an anticoagulant with an ""intermediate'' effect. Its elimination half-life was 31 h, which is longer than that of phenindione, because of the greater stability of the fluorinated derivate. PMID- 1233225 TI - Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the antiarrhythmic quaternary ammonium compound QX-572 in man. AB - A quantitative thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for determination of the antiarrhythmic quaternary ammonium compound N,N-bis (phenylcarbamoyl methyl) dimethylammonium chloride (QX-572) in biological materials. Prior to chromatography QX-572 was transferred into chloroform as perchlorate by ion pair extraction. Tritium-labelled QX-572 was used as the internal standard and a TLC scanning spectrophotometer equipped with a linear detector system afforded the required accuracy, specificity and simplicity. The method was used to determine QX-572 in plasma from 11 patients with various cardiac diseases who received QX-572 8 mg/kg body wt. as an intravenous infusion over 30 min. There was a rapid initial decay of the plasma levels from 11.0+/-1.1 mug/ml (mean+/-SE) at the end of infusion to 3.5+/-0.5 mug/ml after 30 min. 240 min after commencement of the infusion the plasma level was 0.7+/-0.1 mug/ml. In these patients 22+/-2% (mean+/-SE) of the total administered dose of QX-572 was excreted unchanged in urine during the 24 hours following infusion of the drug. A second group of 28 patients with acute myocardial infarction also received QX-572 8 mg/kg body wt. Their plasma levels did not differ significantly from those found in the first group of patients. There was a poor correlation between the amount of QX-572 administered and plasma level at the end of the infusion. The study has provided some preliminary data about the pharmacokinetics of QX-572, but before a detailed analysis can be done data from longer periods of observation is required. The present results suggest that in future QX-572 can be administered in a standardized dosage, what would be advantageous in practice. PMID- 1233226 TI - Disposition of placentally transferred carbamazepine (Tegretol) in the newborn. AB - The plasma elimination of carbamazepine (Tegretol) was studied in five newborns who had got the drug transplacentally from their epileptic mothers. The half lives ranged from 8.2-27.7 hours which is comparable or even shorter than those found in adults after a single oral dose, but in the same range as those found in adults after multiple oral doses. This suggests that the newborns' drug metabolizing capacity has been induced during fetal life. PMID- 1233227 TI - Delayed absorption of lithium in intoxication: a case history. AB - A 55-year old man with lithium intoxication showed increasing serum concentrations in spite of forced diuresis and dialysis. A high lithium content was found in gastric juice three days after the compound had been taken. The serum lithium level began to fall after gastric lavage. PMID- 1233228 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of PAS granules on the absorption of rifampicin: adsorption of rifampicin by an excipient, bentonite. AB - The bioavailability (plasma concentrations, AUC and urinary excretion) of an oral solution of rifampicin was investigated in six healthy volunteers. Simultaneous administration of PAS granules produced a significant decrease in the absorption of RMP, whereas Na-PAS tablets had no effect. This indicated that the dosage form of the granules and not PAS itself was responsible for the interaction, and that the dissolution of RMP was not involved. The interaction could be reproduced by giving dummy granules that contained the same excipients but no PAS. The disintegration and dissolution of PAS granules in vitro correlated well with the disappearance of RMP from the solution. The major excipient of the granules, bentonite (a mineral closely related to kaolin), was found to adsorb rifampicin rapidly and strongly. PMID- 1233229 TI - Effect of rifampicin treatment on the metabolism of oestradiol and 17alpha ethinyloestradiol by human liver microsomes. AB - Liver biopsies were obtained from four patients treated with rifampicin 600 mg for 6-10 days. Hepatic microsomes were incubated with an NADPH-regenerating system and the substrates [2,4,6,7-3H] oestradiol, [6,7-3H] oestradiol, [2,4,6,7 3H] ethinyloestradiol and [6,7-3H] ethinyloestradiol. The hydroxylation rates of these steroids at the labelled positions of rings A and B were determined by measuring the transformation of tritium into HTO by the microsomal enzymes. Comparison with previously published data showed that treatment with rifampicin caused a fourfold increase in the rate of hydroxylation of oestradiol and ethinyloestradiol at positions C-2/C-4 of ring A and C-6/C-7 of ring B. The acceleration of oestrogen hydroxylation by rifampicin was paralleled by an increase in microsomal cytochrome P-450, and also by microsomal reduction of rifampicin-quinone, a reactive metabolite of rifampicin. The increased aromatic hydroxylation of oestradiol and ethinyloestradiol leads to enhancement of their irreversible binding to microsomal protein. The data provide an explanation for the diminished efficacy of oestrogens in contraceptive formulations given to patients under treatment with rifampicin. PMID- 1233230 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous verapamil at rest and during exercise in subjectively healthy middle-aged men. AB - Verapamil, 0.1 mg/kg body wt, was injected i.v. over 2 minutes in 8 subjectively healthy middle-aged men, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.007 mg/kg body wt per minute. Prior to the injection several of the subjects had raised pulmonary or systemic arterial pressures. At rest, the central pressures increased slightly, which was taken as a sign of a moderate negative inotropic effect, but there was no change in pre-ejection period or maximal dp/dt of the aortic pressure. The heart rate increased and there was a small decrease in systemic arterial pressure, probably due to a fall of systemic vascular resistance. The PQ time was prolonged. During exercise, with its positive inotropic stimulation, the moderate negative inotropic effect of verapamil disappeared, whereas the increase in heart rate and decrease in aortic pressures persisted. Some variables that reflected the oxygen demand of the heart decreased. The slight negative inotropic effect does not appear to be a particular contraindication to the use of verapamil, but it should be employed cautiously in conditions with a compensatory rise in systemic vascular resistance, or if atrioventricular conduction is impaired. PMID- 1233231 TI - Effect of premedication on stress and plasma cortisol in patients bronchoscoped under local anaesthesia. AB - Four groups of 8 patients undergoing bronchoscopy were premedicated with either pentobarbitone 1 mg/kg i.m. followed by i.v. saline, or diazepam 10 mg and saline i.v., or diazepam 10 mg i.m. followed by diazepam 20 mg i.v. and, diazepam 20 mg i.m. and then saline i.v. Both the patients and the bronchoscopist were asked to score the premedication as excellent, satisfactory, unsatisfactory or bad. Plasma cortisol was measured before premedication and before and after bronchoscopy. Preoperatively plasma cortisol increased in every group except that given diazepam 20 mg i.m., and during bronchoscopy it rose in all except the group who received 20 mg diazepam i.v. In patients who considered the premedication unsatisfactory, the rise in plasma cortisol from before premedication until after bronchoscopy was significantly higher than in satisfied subjects. It appears that in patients undergoing bronchoscopy higher doses of diazepam (20-30 mg) gave better suppression of stress than 10 mg diazepam, or 1 mg/kg pentobarbitone. PMID- 1233232 TI - Plasma kinetics of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in man after single and multiple doses. AB - Carbamazepine (Tegretol) was administered orally to four patients as a single dose, and one week later three times daily for 15-21 days. The plasma half-lives of the drug were shorter in all patients after multiple doses (20.9 +/- 5.0 hours) than after the initial single dose (35.6 +/- 15.3 hours). During the multiple dose the plasma concentrations of the metabolite carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide followed those of the parent drug. The steady-state plasma concentrations expected during multiple doses were calculated from the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in the single dose studies. The calculated levels were higher (17.2+/-7.2 mug/ml) than the observed maximal concentrations (8.4+/-1.6 mug/ml on day 4), which were obtained 3-4 days after starting the multiple doses. The levels tended to decrease further during the experimental period. The results suggest that carbamazepine induces its own metabolism in man. PMID- 1233233 TI - Kinetics of nortriptyline in man according to a two compartment model. AB - Plasma concentrations of nortriptyline have been assayed in four subjects after intravenous infusion of 57 mg nortriptyline hydrochloride. The data were evaluated according to a two compartment open model. The calculated best-fitting curves were in good agreement with the experimental data, better than could be expected from a simpler model. This justifies the assumption that the kinetics of nortriptyline in man may be described by this model with an appropriate input function. The data permitted estimation of all the parameters of the model. The meaning of the parameters is discussed, particularly in relation to individual variation. PMID- 1233234 TI - Urinary excretion of amantadine by the elderly. AB - The urinary excretion of single or multiple oral doses of amantadine hydrochloride by three elderly patients has been studied by gas chromatography. Steady state amounts in urine were about 230-240 mg per day. The half life of urinary excretion was approximately 34.17 hours. Urine collection from aged subjects is difficult. PMID- 1233235 TI - Pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole in humans. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole have been studied in six healthy volunteers following an intravenous infusion of the drug. The log. plasma concentration-time curve of chlormethiazole after cessation of the infusion was found to be curvilinear and was fitted therefore, by a bi-exponential equation computed by non-linear least squares regression analysis. Half-lives for the initial alpha-phase (0.54+/-0.05 h) and the terminal beta-phase (4.05+/-0.60 h) were calculated together with other pharmacokinetic parameters of the two compartment open model. An explanation for the discrepancy between the presently reported plasma half-lives and those appearing in the literature has been presented. The pharmacokinetic treatment of the plasma concentration-time data obtained following intravenous infusion also enabled the prediction that the maximal systemic availability of an orally administered dose of chlormethiazole would be of the order of 15%. PMID- 1233236 TI - Assay of the major (4-hydroxylated) metabolites of diphenylhydantoin in human urine. AB - A modified gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of unconjugated and conjugated 4-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin (4-OH-DPH) in urine has been developed. Unconjugated 4-OH-DPH is determined after selective extraction with toluene-ether (1:1). For the assay of conjugated 4-OH-DPH, the urine is pre-extracted with isoamylalcohol before acid hydrolysis to avoid interference by the dihydrodiol metabolite of DPH. The sensitivity of the method is 0.1 mug per ml. The method has been used to determine the urinary metabolites in two adult volunteers, during steady state plasma concentrations of DPH and in the elimination phase. PMID- 1233237 TI - Effect of particle size on the bioavailability of digoxin. AB - The bioavailability of digoxin in three tablets prepared from materials with different particle sizes was measured in healthy volunteers in a cross-over study using an alcoholic solution of digoxin as a reference standard. Its bioavailability in tablets with particle sizes of 7 mu or 13 mu was 78-97% of that of digoxin in solution. The tablet with largest particle size (102 mu) showed markedly lower bioavailability than the reference solution, namely 39%. It is obvious that particle size is an important determinant of the dissolution rate and bioavailability of digoxin. PMID- 1233238 TI - Plasma concentration of alpha-methyldopa and sulphate conjugate after oral administration of methyldopa and intravenous administration of methyldopa and methyldopa hydrochloride ethyl ester. AB - The plasma concentrations of free alpha-methyldopa and methyldopa sulphate conjugate were measured in 7 hypertensive patients with normal renal function following alpha-methyldopa (1 g) orally. Five of these patients subsequently received alpha-methyldopa ethyl ester (250 mg) (methyldopate) intravenously and two further patients received 250 mg of alpha-methyldopa intravenously. After oral administration a large amount of total plasma alpha-methyldopa was present as sulphate conjugate. There were wide interindividual differences in the ratio of free: conjugated alpha-methyldopa in plasma (ratio at 4 hours ranged from 3.73 0.83) suggesting that individual differences in the extent of sulphate conjugation may occur. There was no close correlation between the degree of conjugation and the fall in arterial pressure. At all time intervals examined, plasma concentrations were higher following intravenous alpha-methyldopa than alpha-methyldopate. The plasma concentration of alpha-methyldopa (free and esterified) 60 minutes after i.v. alpha-methyldopate was 1.7+/-0.3 mug/ml while at the same time after the same dose of methyldopa by the same route the mean concentration was 5.9 mug/ml. Although small amounts of sulphate conjugate were detected after i.v. alpha-methyldopate, insignificant quantities of conjugate were found after i.v. alpha-methyldopa. The average fall in mean arterial pressure was 27 mm/Hg following i.v. alpha-methyldopa but only 2.7 mm Hg following alpha-methyldopate. These results suggest that sulphate conjugation of alpha-methyldopa occurs in the gastrointestinal tract during absorption. Hydrolysis of alpha-methyldopa ethyl ester does not appear to be instantaneous and pharmacokinetic differences between the ester and free alpha-methyldopa have been demonstrated. PMID- 1233239 TI - Effect of diazoxide on left ventricular performance in hypertension. AB - The effect of diazoxide on left ventricular performance during rest and isometric exercise (handgrip) was examined in 16 unselected hypertensive patients, 6 of whom had been pretreated with the beta-adrenergic blocking agent pindolol. Diazoxide regularly and promptly produced a fall in left ventricle systolic and end diastolic pressures, and an increase in heart rate and left ventricular dp/dtmax. Haemodynamic changes were maximal 2 minutes after injection of the drug and decreased little over the next 8 minutes. After beta-adrenergic blockade, diazoxide caused a more pronounced reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure and a less marked fall in end-diastolic pressure, whilst the diazoxide induced rise in heart rate was partially and the increase of dp/dtmax was completly inhibited. The increase in systolic pressure during isometric exercise was not influenced by diazoxide, but the positive inotropic reaction was augmented. The findings appear to show that cardiac stimulation by diazoxide is due to a reflex mechanism transmitted by baroreceptors, and that improvement of cardiac performance is mainly due to a reduction of left ventricular after-load. PMID- 1233240 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the beta-adrenoceptive antagonist sotalol: studies in health, angina pectoris and obstructive lung disease. AB - The cardiovascular and respiratory actions of the adrenergic beta adrenoceptive drug sotalol have been studied in an open, short term trial. Fifteen patients with angina performed standardized orthostatic and exercise tests before and after injection of 20 mg sotalol intravenously. Although there was a significant reduction of heart rate and blood pressure at the time of appearance of angina pectoris and ST-segment depression, there was only a slight and statistically insignificant increase in work before the appearance of angina pectoris, and ischaemic changes in the ECG disappeared more rapidly after work. In a different group of patients suffering from obstructive lung disease, sotalol 10 mg intravenously produced a significant increase in airway resistance. It has no such effect on normal subjects. PMID- 1233241 TI - Initial clinical experience with a new peripheral vasodilator, PR-G-138-Cl, in hypertensive patients. AB - PR-G-138-C1, a new antihypertensive agent with vasodilating properties, was studied in ten patients with moderate to severe hypertension. The patients were admitted to a metabolic ward and followed on a 2 gm salt diet. Placebo was given daily until blood pressure and weight were stabilized. A dose titration was then started with increasing single daily doses of 3, 5, 8, and 10 mg of PR-G-138-C1 orally. The dose at which the mean arterial pressure was reduced by 15 mm Hg was continued for a total of seven days. PR-G-138-C1 lowered sitting mean arterial pressures significantly in all subjects (133.8+/-15.1 leads to 116.0+/-12.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). The antihypertensive effect was first noted 30 minutes following drug administration and persisted for as long as six hours with a peak effect at one hour. All patients had a significant increase in sitting pulse rate (80.4+/-9.11 leads to 90.0+/-6.91/min, p less than 0.002). Blood pressure reduction and increase in pulse rate were dose related. The most common side effects noted were headaches in eight out of ten patients and postural dizziness in seven out of ten patients. There were no signs of fluid retention (weight gain or edema). Electrocardiogram and other laboratory parameters remained essentially unchanged. PMID- 1233242 TI - Comparison of fixed interval and visual analogue scales for rating chronic pain. AB - A visual analogue scale (VAS) and a 4-point scale (FPS) have been compared in patients suffering from prolonged constant pain due to chronic inflammatory or degenerative arthropathy. Each patient was treated with a constant low or high dose of paracetamol or dihydrocodeine throughout a four week period. The VAS was accurate, as reliable and more sensitive than the FPS in registering the intensity of chronic pain. Separate records of each estimate, sealed immediately on completion by the patient, resulted in omission of significantly more pain recordings on the FPS, whereas retention by the patients of their previous records did not systematically influence subsequent judgments. In this study, the VAS appeared to be more satisfactory than the FPS for patient self-rating of pain intensity. PMID- 1233243 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of proscillaridin A in man. AB - The plasma concentration of proscillaridin was measured by a modified 86Rb method during treatment with multiple doses of a commercial preparation of proscillaridin. Despite high doses, very low plasma levels were found, and there were only minute amounts of glycoside activity in urine and faeces. Administration of an enteric-coated proscillaridin preparation gave higher plasma levels, which raises the possibility of inactivation of the glycoside by acid gastric juice. The results suggest that proscillaridin has low biological availability when given orally, and that it is extensively metabolised in the body. PMID- 1233244 TI - Metabolism and excretion of methylproscillaridin by man. AB - 0.5 mg 3H-proscillaridin-4-methylether was administered orally to 5 healthy males. Maximum plasma levels of total radioactivity were reached after one to two hours. In two subjects a second peak was observed between 6 and 12 hours. The plasma half life of total radioactivity was 51 hours. 20% and 56% respectively of the dose were eliminated in urine and faeces during the following 7 days. 55% of the total radioactivity in plasma, 80% in urine and 20% in faeces consisted of CHC13-insoluble compounds. 50-60% of the latter in plasma and urine could be hydrolysed by beta-glucuronidase. More than 90% of the split products were identified as conjugates of methylproscillaridin. TLC-separation of the CHC13 soluble fractions of plasma and urine yielded two unidentified metabolites, P2 and P3, as the main compounds, besides methylproscillaridin, proscillaridin and scillarenin. In faeces more than 90% of the non-polar fraction was identified as methylproscillaridin. Shortly after administration of 3H-methylproscillaridin, the radioactivity in plasma consisted mainly of CHC13-insoluble conjugates and of the metabolite P2. PMID- 1233245 TI - A GLC method for estimation of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in plasma. Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of clofibrate in man. AB - A GLC method has been developed to measure chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in plasma after benzol extraction and transformation to its methyl ester, using methyl laurate as the internal standard. Plasma free fatty acids did not interfere with the analysis, but it could not be employed in the presence of salicylates. The method has been employed to study the pharmacokinetics of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in man after oral ingestion of a single dose of clofibrate. PMID- 1233246 TI - Renal function and the rate of disappearance of methotrexate from serum. AB - The disappearance of methotrexate (MTX) from serum was studied using H3-MTX. The overall elimination half-life (MTX T1/2) was well defined from one to about six hours after i.v. administration; in 25 patients it ranged from 102 min to 750 min and was inversely related to endogenous creatinine clearance, which ranged from 6 to 140 ml/min. The corresponding apparent volume of distribution, V, obtained by extrapolation tended to decrease at lower levels of renal function. The total clearance of MTX calculated in this period varied linearly with creatinine clearance. In patients with normal serum creatinine concentration, the half-life increased with advancing age, which reflects the concurrent age-dependent decrease in creatinine production and renal function. This illustrates the need for knowledge of renal function, not based solely on serum creatinine concentration, in patients treated with methotrexate or other drugs eliminated by the kidneys. In 9 patients the results were not affected by treatment with diuretics (furosemide, hydroflumethiazide). In four patients serum MTX concentration was measured for up to 24-72 hours. An increasing half-life of MTX with time was found, suggesting that the elimination kinetics of the drug would be most adequately described by a multi-compartment model. PMID- 1233247 TI - Binding of amobarbital, pentobarbital and diphenylhydantoin to blood cells and plasma proteins in healthy volunteers and uraemic patients. AB - By equilibrium dialysis of human plasma it has been shown that the binding of pentobarbital and diphenylhydantoin to plasma proteins is decreased in uraemic patients (46 and 74 per cent bound, respectively) compared to healthy volunteers (61 and 88 per cent bound). The degree of binding of pentobarbital was significantly correlated with that of diphenylhydantoin and amobarbital, which suggests similarity of their binding sites. Appreciable proportions of the drugs were found in blood cells both in healthy and uraemic subjects. As expected, the distribution of drugs in whole blood was different in the uraemics from healthy subjects, because of the decreased plasma protein binding and the lowered red cell count in uraemia. Analysis of the data showed that the ratio between the concentrations in blood cells and plasma water in uraemic patients was not significantly different from that in healthy subjects. PMID- 1233248 TI - A comparison of triprolidine and clemastine on histamine antagonism and performance tests in man: implications for the mechanism of drug induced drowsiness. AB - The effects of triprolidine hydrochloride 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg, clemastine 1 and 2 mg and lactose dummy administered orally, in a balanced order, at weekly intervals to 12 healthy volunteers, on the flare and weal responses to intradermal histamine injection, and also on both subjective effects and objective psychomotor tests were examined. The histamine response was significantly larger at 09.00 h falling through the day but increasing by late afternoon. Triprolidine produced a dose-related antagonism of both flare and weal response maximal at 3 h and wearing off after the lower doses at 8 h. Clemastine by contrast produced poor antagonism of histamine at 3 h but a marked effect at 5.5 and 8 h. Auditory vigilance was significantly (p less than 0.05) impaired by all doses of triprolidine 1 to 2 h after administration, but no change followed clemastine at this time. When tested 6 to 7 h after administration significant impairment followed both doses of clemastine but only the 5 mg dose of triprolidine. Both drugs prolonged reaction time in a dose-related manner at 2.5 and 5.0 h but the effects had worn off at 7 h. Digit symbol substitution was impaired by the top doses of both antihistamines but short term memory was unaffected. Subjective effects measured using analogue lines reflected the effects in the vigilance test, in that drowsiness and mental impairment were noted early after triprolidine, while clemastine produced maximal effects at 5 h. Subjects were ranked in order of magnitude of inhibition of both flare and weal, and impairment of vigilance, prolongation of reaction time and subjective drowsiness score. There was no indication of a significant correlation, using Spearman's test, between antagonism of histamine and effects on the central nervous system. PMID- 1233249 TI - Absorption, half-life, and toxicity of oral aprindine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Plasma concentrations of aprindine were used to assess its absorption, toxicity and disappearance rate after oral administration to patients within 24 hours of admission to a coronary care unit. Despite high oral doses, absorption was so slow that in half the patients effective plasma levels (exceeding 0.70 mug/ml) were not found during the first 12 hours of treatment. Therefore the oral route should not be used to treat cases of acute myocardial infarction with severe ventricular dysrhythmias. Clinical tolerance was good; there was one episode of delirium tremens in a chronic alcoholic (aprindine plasma concentration: 3 mug/ml); no case of tremor or cerebellar syndrome was observed. Disappearance of aprindine from plasma was slow, by far exceeding the half-lives found in healthy volunteers, and ranging from 20 to over 100 h. The variability of biological half life in individual patients makes plasma level determiniations necessary whenever aprindine is to be administered for a long period. PMID- 1233250 TI - Comparative study of the cardiac and peripheral vascular effects of strophantin K and lanatoside C in coronary heart disease. AB - The effects of intravenous strophanthin K (0.125 and 0.25 MG) and lanatoside C (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg) on systolic time intervals (STI) and impedance plethysmographic (IP)P values were studied in ten patients with compensated coronary heart disease. The heart rate decreased significantly during a two-hour study in the lying position after both glycosides and placebo; the systemic blood pressure remained unchanged. Electromechanical systole (QS2), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and preejection period (PEP), corrected for heart rate (QS2I, LVETI, PEPI), showed no change after placebo. The glycosides caused no change in LVETI. QS2I was significantly shortened only after lanatoside C 1.6 mg. PEPI and ICT were significantly shortened by both doses of strophanthin K and lanatoside C; the effects were dose-related. Taking into consideration the effects of cardiac glycosides on STI, use of the index ICT/QS1, the quotient of isovolumic contraction time and electro-mechanical delay, is proposed, because it showed quite sensitively the increase in myocardial contractility after digitalis. The effect of strophanthin K could be detected 10 minutes, and that of lanatoside C 30-40 minutes, after injection. The amplitude of the IP curve and the relative pulse volume showed positive and negative changes without any trend after administration of placebo or glycoside. The data suggests that the usual therapeutic doses of these cardiac glycosides do not cause significant changes in the peripheral circulation in patients with compensated coronary heart disease, but their action on STI is quite marked, showing a positive inotropic effect. PMID- 1233251 TI - Absorption of digoxin in man after oral and intrasigmoid administration studied by portal vein catheterization. AB - The absorption of digoxin has been studied in fasting patients undergoing transumbilical, portal catheterization for diagnostic purposes. A purely aqueous solution was administered orally in 4 patients and in the sigmoid colon in 2 patients. Blood samples were taken simultaneously from the portal and a peripheral vein. Plasma digoxin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Digoxin appeared early in the blood after oral administration; the average peak of porto-peripheral concentration differences was at 18 min. After intrasigmoid administration, absorption was slower, and no distinct peaks were found. Calculation of the mean amounts absorbed showed that half the dose had been absorbed via the portal vein during 2 hours in the oral study and during6 hours in the intrasigmoid test. Approximately 2/3 of the dose had been absorbed during 6 hours after oral dosing. The absorption rate was estimated taking into account the decreasing amount of drug left to be absorbed at different times. After cral administration, the mean peak rate was found to correspond to an absorption half-time of 0.78 h, which was more than 20 times faster than the rate after 6 h. The mean rate after intrasigmoid administration appeared to be about 1/3 of that after oral dosing. Physiological factors that might account for these differences in absorption rate are discussed. PMID- 1233252 TI - Absorption of digoxin in infants. AB - The bioavailability of digoxin in solution was studied in 4 newbron infants with heart failure. Serum digoxin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay using 125I. Bioavailability was estimated by camparison of the areas under the 8 h serum concentration curves (8-h AUC) after intravenous and oral administration of the glycoside. After oral administration of digoxin (1/4 of the digitalizing dose, 0.05 mg/kg bw), peak serum values of 2.3-4.4 ng/ml were reached within 30 90 min. After intravenous administration of the same amount of the glycoside, there was a rapid decrease in serum concentration during the first 2 h, and after about 4 h the serum concentration curves paralled those obtained after oral dosing. Based on within subject comparison of intravenous and oral 8-h AUC'S, the mean bioavailability of digoxin was estimated to be 72 per cent (range 52-79 per cent). It was concluded that digoxin in solution, given to infants with mild to moderate heart failure, is well absorbed and biologically available to the same extent as in adults. PMID- 1233253 TI - On the fate of furosemide in man. AB - 35S-furosemide was administered orally (n=7) or i.v. (n=2) to healthy subjects. The average gastrointestinal uptake estimated by comparison of the urinary recovery of label and the areas under the plasma curves after the two routes of administration was 65%. The half life of radioactivity in the plasma after oral 35S-furosemide was 90 +/- 17 min (estimated on the slope between 2 and 6 h); the corresponding figure after 35S-furosemide i.v. was 47-53 min (slope 0.5-4 h). There was probably a slower phase after 4-6 h. Fractionation of labelled material in urine from two subjects demonstrated that approximately two thirds of the label recovered at 24 h had the same chromatographic properties as furosemide. A major part of the metabolite(s) was probably furosemide glucuronide. There was no evidence that 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid was formed in man. The total urinary recovery of label (5-7 d) after oral and intravenous administration was 55.1 +/- 3.2 (mean +/- SD) and 82-84%, respectively. After 35S-furosemide i.v., 6 9% of the label was recovered in faeces, and it could not be accounted for solely by biliary excretion of furosemide. PMID- 1233254 TI - Renal handling of iodamide and diatrizoate. Evidence of active tubular secretion of iodamide. AB - Active tubular secretion of iodamide, a water-soluble contrast medium, was demonstrated by comparing the clearances of iodamide, iothalamate and inulin. Passive tubular back diffusion was not found. The fraction excreted by tubular secretion was significantly reduced at "clinical" plasma concentrations. The glomerular filtration rate was slightly depressed at these concentrations of iodamide and diatrizoate. PMID- 1233255 TI - Plasma protein binding of phenylbutazone during recovery from acute renal failure. PMID- 1233256 TI - Brain concentrations of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and primidone in epileptic patients. AB - Plasma, brain, lumbar CSF, skeletal muscle, skin and bone concentrations of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and primidone have been measured in specimens from patients undergoing temporal lobectomy for chronic epilepsy. A good correlation was found between the plasma and brain concentrations of each drug. Similarly, a good correlation was found between the plasma and CSF concentrations of each drug. Assuming that CSF is an ultrafiltrate of plasma, the percentage of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and primidone which was unbound in plasma was 10-14%, 43% and 81% respectively. Skeletal muscle concentrations of phenytoin and phenobarbitone and the skin concentration of phenytoin, also correlated with the plasma concentrations, but the remaining tissues did not give significant correlations. PMID- 1233257 TI - Comparative drug elimination in man-diphenylhydantoin and amobarbital. AB - The concentration of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in serum was determined at selected time intervals in seven healthy male volunteers starting 10 h after an oral dose of 400 mg sodium DPH was given. The data were analyzed according to a one-compartment model assuming first-order kinetics. The mean serum half-life was 19.28 h +/- 5.87 (SD). A positive correlation coefficient (r=0.84, p less than 0.05) was found between the serum DPH half-life and the serum amobarbital half life in the seven subjects. The urinary levels of free plus conjugated 5-(p hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-hydantoin were determined for 12 h periods over a minimum of two days following the 400 mg oral dose of sodium DPH. Subjects with a short DPH half-life tended to excrete in urine a greater amount of p-HPPH as compared to subjects with a long DPH half-life. In the case of one subject, the urinary excretion of p-HPPH plateaued five days after DPH administration and the apparent elimination half-life determined from the p-HPPH urinary excretion data was 19.16 h as compared to the value of 19.53 h calculated from the DPH serum levels. PMID- 1233258 TI - Disposition of beta-methyldigoxin in man. AB - The time course of radioactivity in plasma and the excretion in urine and faeces over 7 days were determined in 12 healthy subjects after single oral and intravenous doses of a solution of 3H-beta-methyldigoxin. 62.2 +/- 2.1 and 29.0 +/- 5.2 per cent of the dose were excreted in urine and faeces, respectively, within 7 days of intravenous administration, compared with 55.2 +/- 2.8 and 28.6 +/- 5.7 per cent after oral administration. This indicates almost complete absorption of the glycoside when given in solution. 12 hours after its administration a pseudo-distribution equilibrium was reached and the average half life of tritiated compounds was 1.3 days. By 48 - 96 hours after treatment the average half life was 2.8 days. O-demethylation was revealed as the main metabolic degradation step in man. The rate of Demethylation was higher after oral than i.v. administration. Thus, only 31% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine consisted of unchanged beta-methyl-digoxin after oral administration compared to 51% after i.v. dosing. Only traces of bis- and monoglycosides were excreted in urine, but there were considerable amounts in faeces, where they accounted for more than 35% of the total excretion. Up to 40% of the radioactivity in plasma and urine consisted of polar conjugates during the first 12 hours after administration of beta-methyldigoxin. The mono- and bisglycosides were identified as the main products of conjugation. During the 7 days approximately 15% of the administered dose was metabolized by splitting off glycosidic bonds and conjugation to polar compounds. PMID- 1233259 TI - Relationship between renal function and elimination kinetics of pindolol in man. AB - In view of a previous report suggesting an increased metabolism of the beta blocking agent pindolol with decreasing renal function in man, the relationship between renal function and the elimination kinetics of pindolol has been re examined. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the renal clearances of pindolol and creatinine but there is no correlation between the non-renal clearance of pindolol and the renal clearance of creatinine. Thus, there is no evidence of an increased metabolism (non-renal clearance) of pindolol with decreasing renal function. PMID- 1233260 TI - On the absorption and metabolism of 35S-ampicillin. AB - An aqueous solution of 35S-ampicillin and polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000, unabsorbable marker) was administered orally to 6 healthy subjects with gastrointestinal tubes. The minimal absorption of radioactive material, as shown by urinary excretion of label, differed markedly between subjects and averaged 44% (25-67). As the mean cumulative uptake in the proximal jejunum was 31% (24 45), it appeared that some of the radioactivity had been taken up in more distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Chromatographic fractionation of gastrointestinal aspirates indicated that more than 95% of the label usually remained attached to the parent compound. The corresponding figure for radioactive material recovered from urine was about 80-85%. A similar degree of decomposition was also found for label excreted in the urine of an additional subject who received 35S-ampicillin intravenously. In this experiment the urine contained 87% of the administered radioactivity. PMID- 1233261 TI - Serum concentrations of ampicillin and probenecid and ampicillin excretion after repeated oral administration of a pivampicillin-probenecid salt (MK-356). AB - Twenty male volunteers received oral doses (2100, 1050, and 525 mg) of a pivampicillin-probenecid salt in a 1 to 1 molar ratio (MK-356) at 12 hour intervals. After each dose peak serum concentrations of probenecid were observed 2 hours later than peak concentrations of ampicillin. Following the first dose of MK-356 the apparent elimination rate of ampicillin was dose-dependent and did not follow first order kinetics, as it showed a longer apparent half life after a higher dose. An equal dose of MK-356 administered 12 hours later caused an increase in the peak serum ampicillin level greater than expected from the concentration of ampicillin after the preceding dose. In twelve male volunteers who received at random 525 mg of MK-356 or 350 mg of pivampicillin, each three times daily for 4 days, the areas under the ampicillin concentration curve were the same after the first or last dose of either drug. When 2100 or 1050 mg of MK 356 was taken as an initial dose, 30 to 40 per cent of the ampicillin was recovered from urine in the ensuing 12 hours. The results indicate that when at least 400 mg probenecid was coadministered twice daily with 700 mg pivampicillin (MK-356), the peak serum concentrations of ampicillin were increased and its elimination rate slowed following successive doses. PMID- 1233262 TI - Effect of antiepileptic drugs on the elimination of various tetracycline derivatives. AB - Elimination of the bacteriostatics tetracycline, doxycycline, methacycline, oxytetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline and chlortetracycline was studied in healthy control persons and in patients on long-term antiepileptic therapy. The half-life of doxycycline was significantly shorter in patients than in the controls. The half-lives of other tetracycline derivatives and their excretion in urine were not significantly different between the two groups. Accordingly, in order to maintain an adequate serum level of doxycycline it should be given twice daily to patients on long-term therapy with barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin or carbamazepine. The classical tetracycline derivatives studied may be administered according to conventional principles. PMID- 1233263 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the anticonvulsant drug clonazepam evaluated from single oral and intravenous doses and by repeated oral administration. AB - Eight healthy volunteers were given single i.v. and oral doses of clonazepam (2 mg). The disposition curves after i.v. administration showed a biexponential decline and the data were applied to a two-compartment open model. The volume of distribution ((Vd)beta) ranged between 1.5 and 4.4 l/kg and the plasma half-life (t1/2) between 19 and 60 hours. Absorption after oral administration was fast, with peak plasma concentrations within 4 hours in all subjects. Five of the subjects received repeated oral doses of clonazepam 0.5 mg bid for 15 days. The plasma level during steady state (estimated as Cmin within the dose interval) could be predicted from the constants A, B, alpha and beta obtained in the single dose study with a coefficient of variation of 6%. The plasma half-lives after cessation of the subchronic dosing were of the same magnitude as after single doses. PMID- 1233264 TI - Quantitation of phenobarbital and its main metabolites in human urine. AB - A method for the quantitative determination of phenobarbital and free and conjugated p-hydroxyphenobarbital in urine samples is described. The method includes initial extraction, purification on a small chromatographic column and finally determination by gas chromatography. The barbituric acids are methylated by trimethylanilinium hydroxide which serves as a "flash heater" methylating agent. The conjugate of p-hydroxyphenobarbital, which appears to be a glucuronide, is hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid. PMID- 1233265 TI - Interaction of indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid as shown by the serum concentrations of indomethacin and salicylate. AB - A clinical-pharmacological study was performed to determine the effect of acetylsalicylic acid upon the serum concentration of indomethacin. 14 rheumatic patients were given indomethacin orally (25 mg X 4 for 4 days) and concurrently acetylsalicylic acid 3.7 g orally (0.9 g X 3 and 1.0 g X 1 daily), and 21 rheumatic patients were given indomethacin rectally in the morning (100 mg X 1) and concurrently acetylsalicylic acid 3.7 g orally (0.9 g X 3 and 1.0 g X 1 daily). On comparison with treatment with oral or rectal indomethacin alone, it was found that peak serum concentrations of indomethacin were significantly reduced (1% level), the times of the peaks were not shifted, and the areas beneath the serum concentration curves of indomethacin were smaller, but significantly so only if compared with rectal administration. In 12 rheumatic patients given indomethacin by rectum in the evening (100 mg X 1) and concurrently acetylsalicylic acid 3.7 g (0.9 g X 3 and 1.0 g X 1 daily), the serum level of indomethacin on the following morning (after 11 h) did not differ from that found after rectal treatment. A statistically but not biologically significant difference was observed between the mean serum half-lives of indomethacin given orally and rectally. For unknown reasons, concurrent doses of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin made the mean serum half-life of indomethacin longer than after its oral administration, but shorter than when the same dose of indomethacin was given rectally. There was no difference between serum levels of salicylate after oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid alone or after a concurrent oral or rectal dose of indomethacin. The results have been related to those reported previously, with respect to the interaction between indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, the serum levels of indomethacin after oral and rectal dosing, and the serum half-life of indomethacin based upon a one- or two-compartment model. The clinical relevance of the study is discussed. PMID- 1233266 TI - Induction of drug metabolism in man after rifampicin treatment measured by increased hexobarbital and tolbutamide clearance. AB - Five healthy volunteers took 1.2 g rifampicin daily for 8 days, and before and afterwards each received hexobarbital (7.32 mg/kg) and tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) by i.v. infusion on two consecutive days. The plasma concentrations of the two drugs were determined during and after infusion. The average elimination half-life of hexobarbital had decreased from 325 to 122 min and of tolbutamide from 418 to 183 min following rifampicin treatment. It was calculated that the metabolic clearance of hexobarbital had increased about three-fold and that of tolbutamide more than two-fold. Significant changes in the distribution kinetics of the two drugs were not observed. The results suggest that rifampicin is capable of inducing drug metabolism in man, which leads to an increased rate of elimination of drugs that undergo biotransformation in the liver. PMID- 1233267 TI - Disposition of quercetin in man after single oral and intravenous doses. AB - The pharmacokinetics of quercetin, a flavonoid, have been studied in 6 volunteers after single intravenous (100 mg) and oral (4 g) doses. The data after iv administration were analyzed according to a two compartment open model with half lives of 8.8 +/- 1.2 min for the alpha phase and 2.4 +/- 0.2 h for the beta phase (predominant half life), respectively. Protein binding was greater than 98%. The apparent volume of distribution was small at 0.34 +/- 0.03 1/kg. Of the intravenous dose 7.4 +/- 1.2% was excreted in urine as a conjugated metabolite, and 0.65 +/- 0.1% was excreted unchanged. After oral administration no measurable plasma concentrations could be detected, nor was any quercetin found in urine, either unchanged or in a metabolized form. These results exclude absorption of more than 1% of unchanged drug. Recovery in faeces after the oral dose was 53 +/- 5%, which suggests extensive degradation by microorganisms in the gut. The data obtained show that oral administration of flavonoids may be of questionable value. PMID- 1233268 TI - General theory for rapidly establishing steady state drug concentrations using two consecutive constant rate intravenous infusions. AB - Steady state plasma drug concentrations can be achieved rapidly and safely by a drug input mode consisting of two consecutive constant rate intravenous infusions. A general method for calculating the relative rates of the two infusions is presented. The derivation is independent of the concepts of compartmental distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. PMID- 1233269 TI - A radioimmunoassay procedure for dexamethasone: plasma and urine levels in man. AB - A sensitive and precise dexamethasone radioimmunoassay method was applied to the determination of dexamethasone levels in the plasma and urine of human subjects who had received small doses of the drug by mouth. While the method can be applied directly to plasma, urine has to be diluted before assay. Very little cross-reaction was observed with two possible metabolites of dexamethasone. Both in the healthy subjects and in the group of patients investigated rapid absorption of dexamethasone from the gastrointestinal tract was observed. However, there appeared to be a large individual variation in the plasma concentration of the drug obtained after doses of the same size. PMID- 1233270 TI - Absorption of digoxin from the distal parts of the intestine in man. AB - In 12 patients undergoing coloscopy, 0.5 mg digoxin in aqueous alcoholic solution was injected into the transverse colon. The late maximum of the blood level curve at about 2 hours after the administration suggested delayed absorption of the glycoside. However, the 24 hour urinary excretion of 17 +/- 3.4% in 8 patients with normal colonic mucosa demonstrated extensive absorption in the distal part of the bowel. The results have been contrasted with the findings in 4 patients with ulcerative colitis who excreted only 1.66 +/- 0.6% of the given dose in 24 hours. PMID- 1233272 TI - Urolithiasis induced with DL-3,a-dimethyltyrosine methylester HCl. I. A scanning electron microscopic investigation. AB - Scanning electron microscopic investigations on rats subjected to DL-3,a dimethyltyrosine methylester HCl treatment, indicated that the drug in reference induces renal lesions substantiated by proximal tubular epithelial cell regression and eventual exfoliation, coupled by formation of 3,a-dimethyltyrosine calculi both in the upper and lower segments of the urinary tract. The development of calculi was found to be preceded by a moderate to massive precipitation of a fibrin-like substance intermixed with blood cells, and with an occasionally concomitant deposition of exfoliated cells of epithelial origin, to be succeeded by precipitation of crystals. PMID- 1233271 TI - Excretion of methylproscillaridin in patients with a biliary fistula. AB - Four patients with a biliary fistula received 0.5 mg 3H-methylproscillaridin as a single oral dose. 55% of the dose was excreted in bile, 16% in urine and 3% in faeces. More than 60% of the radioactivity excreted in bile and urine appeared within the first 24 hours. 78% of the radioactivity in bile consisted of CHCl3 insoluble metabolites of methylproscillaridin, incubation of which with beta glucuronidase led to splitting off glucuronic acid from almost 80%. Methylproscillaridin can be regarded as the principal conjugated compound. TLC separation of CHCl3-soluble compounds from bile showed identical running of radioactivity with methylproscillaridin, proscillaridin and scillarenin and three unknown metabolites P1, P2, and P3. In urine the CHCl3-soluble fraction averaged 16% to 34% of the total amount and was identified as methylproscillaridin, proscillaridin, scillarenin, P2 and P3. The relative composition of the total radioactivity in faeces amounted to 77% methylproscillardidin, 4% scillarenin and 12% polar metabolites. PMID- 1233273 TI - N-(2-cyanethylene-)urea--an asparagine analogous cytostatic compound? AB - The carcinostatic effect of the hitherto unknown N-(2-cyanethylene) urea is descirbed. The possible mode of action as an asparagine antimetabolite is discussed. PMID- 1233275 TI - Interference-microscopical thickness measurements of isolated nephrogenic basement membranes. AB - The results of interference-microscopical thickness measurements of isolated nephrogenic basement membranes are reported and discussed. Tubular and glomerular basement membranes were examined by the shearing technique with total image splitting, the kidneys used having obtained from pigs as well as from human beings. It was not possible to determine a statistically significant difference in thickness between tubular and glomerular basement membranes obtained from pigs. Human glomerular membranes were found to be much thicker in long-time diabetics than in normal subjects. Also, glomerular membranes of young persons are thinner than the membranes of adults. PMID- 1233274 TI - [Ultrastructural observations in the lamina elastica interna and adjacent tissue regions of the arterioles of rats impaired by hypertension of different pathogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: The experiments aim to answer the question whether early changes in the lamine elastica interna of peripheral arteries causing consecutive plasmatic insudation of the vascular wall ("plasmatic vasculosis" according to GOLDBLATT) can be visualized by electron microscopy. Demonstration of early lesions in the elastica interna would facilitate the interpretation of structural changes in the arterial periphery during acute hypertension and its consecutive symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: 37 male albino rats, 3 to 4 1/2 months of age, body weight: 250 to 350 g. Controls 19 rats of similar age and body weight, 6 of which were injected the carrier substance of depot angiotensin PVP (VEB Berlin-Chemie). The test arrangement is represented in table 1. 3 hours to 10 weeks after starting the treatment different groups of experimental animals were sacrificed. Several animals were administered tracer substances for demonstration of early disturbances in permeability (ferritin: 20 to 40 mg per 100 g body weight, 3 to 60 min ante mortem; charcoal: 10 to 20 mg per 100 g body weight diluted in 1.5 to 3.0 ml of distilled water 15 to 30 min ante mortem). Electron microscopic investigations were carried out in arterioles of 15 mum to 100 mum in diameter which had been removed from the stomach, colon, jejunum, pancreas, mesenterium, partially from the brain and heart, in cases also from the lungs. For comparable specimens with respect to early ultrastructural changes only such tissue sections were selected that were light microscopically free from lesions. Preparation for electron microscopy was done in the common way. RESULTS: in light microscopically intact arterioles of all 3 groups (see table 1) the well known disturbances of intimal permeability were electron microscopically observed already after 3 hours of experimentation. These changes occur always in the splanchnic organs and in the heart. Contrarily they do not regularly occur in the brain. In rats impaired by experimental neurosis (group III) the disturbances in perfusion of the intima recede, the consequences of enhanced metabolix activity in the media predominate in the sence of a "non-specific mesenchymal reaction" (HAUSS et al. 1964). However, it should be taken into consideration that this enhanced metabolic activity and cell proliferation may actually warrant the relative stability of the elastic barrier observed in this experimental group. In rats with nephrogenic and angiotensin-induced hypertension the experiments result in principally similar lesions of the lamina elastica interna originating from the vascular lumen. The diverging results in rats impaired by neurotically conditioned disturbed regulation of the blood pressure speak in favor of a prevailing reaction of the media at well preserved structures of the lamina elastica interna. PMID- 1233276 TI - Starch and chemotaxis. A histological study in the mouse. AB - Primary interest in inflammation centers around the mechanism by which polymorphonuclear leucocytes emigrate from the circulating blood to an area of injury, a process apparently first designated as "chemotaxis" in 1888. Recent experimental studies have emphasized the role of ions in the pathogenesis of thrombi in the circulatory system following the implantation of plastics. The negatively charged leucocytes are attracted by positively charged plastics. Starch granules have a positive charge and, when implanted subcutaneously in the mouse, attract the negatively charged leucocytes. Sixty minutes after the subcutaneous implantation of starch granules in the subcutaneous tissue of mice polymorphonuclear leucocytes had begun to emigrate to the area. The number of leucocytes rapidly increased for 24 to 72 hours and then progressively decreased. By the 5th experimental day the number of leucocytes had decreased markedly and continued to decrease in their emigration to the granules of starch. The positive ionic charge associated with the granules of starch is neutralized by the adsorption of the negatively charged plasma protein ions. It is suggested that chemotaxis is an electrochemical phenomenon. PMID- 1233277 TI - A technical and methodical design for differential-thermometry of human incisors. AB - The technical design and the practical applicability of a thermistor based, highly sensitive, differential temperature recorder is described. Problems and relevance of differential temperature recording of upper incisors are discussed. PMID- 1233278 TI - [Renal glutaminase I activities in experimental and human chronic pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: For more exact knowledge on the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis a series of large scale histochemical and biochemical investigations were performed. In this study the author reports his observations on the renal glutaminase I activities in experimental and human pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Details on materials and methods were given in a recent paper [PHILIPPSON, Exp. Path. 8, 182-193 (1973)]. Glutaminase I activities (L-glutamine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.2.) were quantitatively analyzed according to MATTENHEIMER and DEBRUIN (7) in which the reaction was not only produced by cooling but also by simultaneous inhibition by means of 15% trichloric acetic acid. Ammonia was released and determined by Berthelot's reaction as modified by WELLER (18). RESULTS: The results in rabbit kidneys are compiled in the tables 1-3, the observations on human kidneys are represented in table 4. 139 rabbits showed unilateral experimental pyelonephritis, in 19 rabbits pyelonephritis did not develop or "healed up spontaneously". 31 samples of pyelonephritic nephrocirrhotic human kidneys (obtained by surgical operations) and 20 samples of healthy human kidneys were investigated. After separation of renal cortex and medulla the cortex was separated into glomerula and renal tubules by differential centrifugation. Significance was tested by universal comparison of the group mean values by t-test (rabbit and human kidneys separately). 1. In the rabbit glomerula glutaminase I (glut I) activities were increased significantly from the beginning of the experiment up to 100 days. They decreased markedly in the subsequent nephrocirrhotic stage (fig. 1). 2. The glut I activities in the rabbit cortical tubules decreased immediately, intensively and succesively up to the late-chronic nephrocirrhotic stage. 3. The rabbit medullary glut I showed likewise intensive decrease in the acute and subacute phase progressing to very low activities in the nephrocirrhotic stages. 4. In all samples from human pyelonephritic nephrocirrhoses (glomerula, cortical tubules and medulla) extremely decreased glut I activities were demonstrated. 5. The enzyme activities observed and the results of the semiquantitative histological analysis [SORGER and co-workers, Exp. Path. 9, 280-287 (1974)] are closely correlated. 6. In the glomerula of the "spontaneously healed up" tissue the glut I activities were markedly increased whereas they were moderately decreased in the cortical tubules and in the medulla. 7. The dry weights and values of protein content were equal to those earlier reported (PHILIPPSON 1973). 8. In the significance test (universally applied t-test) the overwhelming majority of the values showed high significance (p less than or equal to 0.001). The results are correlated with the observations of the semiquantitative histological analysis (SORGER et al. 1974) and discussed on the basis of data reported in literature. PMID- 1233279 TI - Endocellular parasitism of Mycobacterium avium in rabbit liver. A morphological study. AB - Yersin's type of experimental tuberculosis was induced in rabbits by intravenous administration of Mycobacterium avium and was studied in situ in the liver. Mycobacteria were only found in Kupffer-cell phagosomes and, at the later stages of the disease, in the phagosomes of the multinuclear giant cells. Ultrastructural changes in Kupffer's cells amounted to an increase in cytoplasm volume and corresponding increase in the number of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. As compared with control animals, Kupffer's cells were more frequent in the experimental rabbits, clustering around sinusoid capillaries. Characteristic changes in mycobacterium ultrastructure were cytoplasmic vacuolisation in some individuals and an almost regular presence of high-density polymorphous structures. The microbial cell walls remained intact. PMID- 1233280 TI - [Effect of Solanum melongena on experimental atheromatosis. IV. Histological studies on cholesterol-induced atheromatosis in rabbits in mean- and long-term tests (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: In earlier studies [see literature (2, 20, 21, 22)] observations concerning the effect of Solanum Melongena (Sol. Mel.) (violet egg plants) on experimentally induced artheromatosis in rabbits were reported. This study aims to investigate histologically the effect of Sol. Mel. on experimental atheromatosis in mean-term (2--4 weeks) and long-term (8--12 weeks) tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For details of the test arrangement see AUBOCK and MITSCHEK, Exp. Path. 9, 323--335 (1974). From one portion of the material for histological examination cryostat sections were prepared, the other portion was fixed in Bouin's solution or in Baker's formol and paraffin-embedded at 58--60 degrees C (cross sections of the aorta). The specimens were stained as follows: erythrosin in conjunction with haematoxylin; aqueous or alcoholic solutions of toluidine blue (pH 3.5 to 5, and 7); methylene blue (pH 2.5 to 5, and 8); alcian blue (pH 2.5); Schiff-PAS; alcian blue and PAS in combination; Sudan III; elastica-van Gieson (blue) and Weigert's iron haematoxylin. For demonstration of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) the control sections were pretreated in a 10% Takadiastase solution for 10 minutes at 37 degrees C. In liver sections PAS reactivity was additionally blocked by dimedone (cyclohexanedione) for elective demonstration of glycogen. The tissue sections were studied in transmission--, incident- and dark field illumination. RESULTS: lipid deposits as demonstrated by surface preparation technique could not be seen in paraffin sections after just one day. In the vascular wall histological changes were earliest visible after 10 to 14 days (enlargement of the subendothelial space and honeycombed edema with fine dispersed lipids). At this stage a "haematoxylin-effect" did yet not develop. Sometimes these alterations were also present in the upper layers of the media. They always first occurred in the aortic arch. At this time the Sol. Mel. treated animals of group II only occasionally developed superficial edemas. Enlargement of the media with edematous infiltration and loosening of the elastic fibers was similar in both cases (figs. 1a and 1b). Fatty degeneration of the liver was already macroscopically visible on day 14; in untreated animals of group I it was more expressive than in group II (figs. 2a and 2b) -- this likewise applied to the cholesterol content (figs. 3a and 3b). After about 30 days in group I the earliest macroscopically visible plaques occurred prevailingly in the aortic arch and in the thoracic aorta. The development of such small foam cell plaques could be continuously observed with a hand lens (fig. 4a). In group II, however, it was not possible to observe any development of plaques with a hand lens, persistence of edemas was demonstrable with such (fig. 4b). Within these, fine dispersed droplets were present (fig. 5) but exact localization was only possible by electron microscopy [see literature(2)]. PMID- 1233281 TI - Influence of an eggplant (Solanum melongena) preparation on cholesterol metabolism in rats). AB - To investigate the mechanism behind the hypocholesteremic properties of Solanum melongena diets containing 1% Sol. mel. leaf or fruit powder, alfalfa, or clofibrate were fed to rats. Sol. mel. did n ot lower the serum plus liver cholesterol pool of rats, whereas alfalfa and clofibrate did. However, all substances tested decreased the absorption of a single dietary dose of [4-14C] cholesterol. It appears that Sol. mel. exerts its reported hypocholesteremic effect in rabbits through an inhibition of absorption of dietary cholesterol. This inhibition is probably brought about partially through the binding of bile salts which are essential for cholesterol absorption. PMID- 1233282 TI - Pathological study of the cat spinal cord after chronic local implantation of aluminum hydroxide III. Electron microscopic study of neuronal and glial changes. PMID- 1233283 TI - The influence of l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine on the labelling of acid soluble fraction and proteins of the brain cortex after intraperitoneal injection of 14c leucine. AB - Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) inhibits the labelling of the acid soluble fraction and proteins of the brain cortex after the injection of 14C-leucine. The inhibition takes place even during the early stages after the injection of MSO, when no symptoms of paroxysms are observable. The action of MSO on the labelling of the acid soluble fraction and proteins in the brain cortex is obviously different from that in the kidney and liver. Whereas in the brain tissue MSO markedly influences the labelling of the free amino acid pool, in the kidney and liver it seems primarily affect the protein synthetic mechanisms. Also no decrease in labelling of the plasma acid soluble fraction was found on mice, treated with MSO. Experimental data support the idea, that the changes in the metabolism of proteins in the brain are not connected with the onset of the paroxysmal period. PMID- 1233284 TI - [The influence of adrenalectomy on DNA-synthesis in the liver after partial hepatectomy and on corticosterone concentration of the serum in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Problemacy: In an earlier paper we have reported the influence of adrenalectomy on DNA-synthesis in rat liver and found that during the first 2 days the incorporation of H3 thymidine is elevated). (DESSER-WIEST 1974). Therefore we have examined the DNA-synthesis in regenerating live of rats with and without adrenals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 300 g male rats were adrenalectomized and 14 days later 2/3 hepatectomized. One group of animals were bled and the concentration of corticosterone in serum was determined by a radioprotein-binding method (SPATH and JOZAN 1972). The other group of animals were injected with H3thymidine at 9 a.m. All animals were killed between 10:00 a.m. and 10:15 a.m. The incorporation of H3thymidine was determined by the method of BURTON (1969). In adrenalectomized animals, the onset of liver regeneration was found to be retarded for 18 hours, the maximum of DNA-synthesis was depressed. RESULTS: The corticosterone concentration of the serum was 17,8 mug/100 ml serum in contro animals and was undetectable in animals during the first and second day after adrenalectomy, thereafter the steroid level increased. A third of the amount found in control animals was found 14 days after operation. Partial hepatectomy, caused an increase of the corticosterone level in serum of animals with and without adrenals. In castrated and adrenalectomized animals no corticosterone in serum was found. The importance of corticosterone for liver regeneration is discussed. PMID- 1233285 TI - Histological changes of terminal bronchioles in rats during the exposure to nitrogen dioxide. AB - At long-term exposure to 5 ppm NO2 (w/w), courses of histological changes in the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles of rats were observed. In the course of the experiment the first alterative changes were expressed by the loss of cilia and cell differentiation. The changes were followed by epithelial hyperplasia, leading to conspicuous narrowing of the lumen of bronchioles. After the phase of hyperplasia a phase of reparation followed, leading to the development of nonciliated epithelium without determinable Clara cells, with areas of uniform multi-layered epithelium. At the same time, in the longest interval of 11 weeks new alterative changes analogous to those found at the beginning of the experiment were observed. PMID- 1233286 TI - [Electron microscopic study on the "ghost bodies" in experimental arteriosclerotic lesions of the vascular wall (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: Details on the origin and the pathogenesis of the so-called "ghost bodies" occurring in the arteries and arterioles following experimental lesions of the vascular wall were to be studied under peculiar experimental conditions (immunological injury and cholesterol diet in combination). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out on 26 young rabbits of the same race and equal sex. They were selected from several test groups with experimentally induced arteriosclerosis. For challenge of immunological injury the animals were administered 3 intracutaneous injections of each 3 ml of horse serum at intervals of one week. Afterwards they received one or two intravenous injections of 2-3 ml of horse serum at weekly intervals. Immediately after the last injection the animals were sacrificed. A series of the animals were fed a cholesterol diet for some weeks after previous immunological injury (for details see WEIDENBACH and MASSMANN 1972). From a total of 26 animals always several sections of the aorta were investigated. 5 animals were used for controls. After decapitation of the animals the aortas were removed immediately and fixed in 2.5-3% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours. Afterwards they were postfixed in 1% osmium-Millonig solution for 1 hour. After 15 min the tissue samples were washed in Tyrode solution for 15 min, dehydrated in ascendent aceton grades and contrasted in blocks in the stage of 70% aceton. After embedding in Micropal the material was sectioned by an ultramicrotome OmU2 (Fa, Reichert, Wien) and investigated in electron microscopes of the types SEM 2-3 (100 kV) or KEM 1-2 (60 kV) (VEB Werk fur Fernsehelektronik Berlin-Oberschoneweide). RESULTS: Basing on their observations the authors classify as ghost bodies all cytoplasmic protrusions and all constricted extracellular structures which are limited by a membrane and filled with prevailingly filamentous-granular material (figs. 1, 2, 3), occasionaly also including fragments of cell organelles (fig. 4). They develop from cytoplasmic protrusions or bulgings of the processes of smooth muscle cells (figs. 1 and 2). In these protrusions the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells is loosened and of filamentous-granular appearance (fig. 1). The cells themselves show all characteristics of a modified or activated smooth muscle cell: they are branched, the organelles display marked secretory-metabolic activity associated with partical loss of the contractile elements whereas degenerative changes of these cells are nearly completely absent. Frequently focal disorganization of the cell membrane with release of the content to extracellular regions can be observed which is locally associated with the development of fibrillar structures.--In the environment of the "ghost bodies" the formation of collagenous fibres is visible (fig. 3). Degenerative changes which point to transition to necrosis can only occasionally be observed... PMID- 1233287 TI - [DNA-synthesis in the final stages of the S-phase and G-banding in neoplastic cells of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: In literature reports on quantitative studies concerning DNA-synthesis during the final stages of the S-phase in normal cells of men and of rats are available whereas observations on tumor cells are scarce. Therefore, in this study 2 clones isolated from chemically induced tumors in the nervous system of the rat have been investigated to enable comparisons with normal cells. Furthermore, the G-banding pattern was studied in the same material. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were performed on clones from experimentally induced tumors of the rat central nervous system (Rattus norvegicus) which were isolated in the own laboratory. PIE 2-3: Clone from an intermedullary tumor induced by intravenous application of methylnitroso urea (MNU) (dosis: 25 mg/kg at 4 weeks intervals) in a male Hauben rat (experiment no. 1190). After twofold intracerebral transplantation the tumor was cultured and the clone isolated by means of a modified feederlayer-technique (THUST 1975). Following reimplantation PIE-2-3 developed spindle cell sarcomas (THUST and WARZOK 1972). PIE 27-1: This clone was isolated from an MNU-induced adventitial sarcoma in the base of the brain (dosis: 20 mg/kg at 4 weeks intervals) in a male Hauben rat (experiment no. 744). Before cloning this tumor was 47 times intracerebrally transplanted. PIE 27 1 develops in vivo undifferentiated densely packed sarcomas. The clones were in vitro cultured in Eagle's MEM supplemented by of 20% bovine serum and 0.25% lactalbumin hydrolysate, then passaged by means of trypsin solution at a ratio 1:10 at weekly intervals. Autoradiography: 3H-thymidine (specific activity: 14 Ci/mM;N.V. Phillips-Duphar, Holland) was administered to the cultures in a concentration of 0.5 muCi/ml. 30 min before chromosome preparations colcemide (0.01 mug/ml) was added to the corresponding culture flasks. 2.5 hours after 3/ thymidine administration chromosome preparations were processed at 30 min intervals. The preparations were stained with carbol fuchsin and covered with a Formvar membrane (STUBBLEFIELD 1965). For preparation of autoradiographs Kodak AR 10 film was used. After 10 days exposition the preparations were developed for 5 min at 18 degrees C in Kodak D19b. The autoradiographs were photographed at 400 fold initial magnification, afterwards the stripping film was removed and, for better identification of the particular chromosomes, the same mitoses were photographed again. Silver grain countering and mode of evaluation have been described in detail in an earlier study on normal cells (THUST and DIETZ 1972; see also PASSARGE et al. 1969). When the autoradiographs were examined the G bandings were yet not available. Therefore some chromosome pairs of the rat karyotype could not be differentiated (teleocentric chromosomes X, 4-10 and XX, 4 10, respectively, as well as the metacentric chromosomes no. 11-12, 15-18 and 20). For this reason the evaluation was based on the average length of these chromosomes... PMID- 1233288 TI - Carcinostatic action of 2-cyanaziridines against a sarcoma in rats. AB - The carcinostatic action of two 2-cyanaziridines against a sarcoma in rats is described. The in vitro behaviour of the up to now unknown 2-cyanaziridines is discussed. Their properties are compared to those of the unsubstituted aziridines. PMID- 1233289 TI - Manganese induced hepatic lesions in carbon tetrachloride pretreated rats. AB - Manganese sulphate (6 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally daily for 30 days in carbon tetrachloride pretreated rats. Histological and histochemical studies in liver tissue revealed extensive damage to hepatic parenchyma in these rats as compared to lesions produced by manganese sulphate alone. These findings suggest that workers, with liver dysfunction ergated in manganese industry may be more susceptible to the toxic effects of this metal. PMID- 1233290 TI - The influence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages on the growth of lymphocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. AB - The influence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and macrophage plasma, nuclei and lysosome extracts have been tested on lymphocytes and fibroblasts growth in vitro. The stimulatory activity of PMNL lysosomes has been shown on lymphocyte and fibroblast growth. The macrophage lysosomes have shown a similar but lower activity. The role of lysosomes has been suggested in reparation and wound healing processes, presumably in inflammatory cell infiltrated regions. PMID- 1233291 TI - Determination of the glycogen contents in the brains of perinatal and newborn rabbits under conditions of experimental hypoxia. AB - The glycogen contents of 121 rabbit brains having different levels of hypoxia were determined, calculation being in mg% of glucose per g of brain. It was possible to observe significant reductions in carbohydrate content under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia. Moderate prepartum accumulation of glycogen in untreated rabbit brains is likely. Chronic reduction in reserve fuel resulted in deficient development of the brain, as is clearly shown by brain weight determinations. This enables a parallel between this condition and intrauterine dystrophia. PMID- 1233292 TI - [Sephadex induced inflammation in rats (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: A single s.c. injection of Dextran is very suitable in producing an inflammatory response in the rat. The Dextran edema has become a standard method. It seems not uhlikely that Sephadex, the Dextran gel widely used in the gelchromatography may have a similar effect. Sephadex, because of its physiochemical properties, would offer some advantages in the studies of inflammatory reactions. But first of all the following questions have to be answered: 1. Does one single s.c. injection of Sephadex produce an inflammation at all and what are the characteristics on the microscopical level? 2 Does it make any difference if Sephadex of different types are injected? MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male and female Wistar rats (100-250 g) in groups of 5 animals each. Diet: Rat pellets "Tagger" and tap water ad libitum. Sephadex (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals) of the types G-25 m, G-50 m, G-100, and G-200 were soaked in 0.9% saline for the prescribed time and afterwards preserved until the Sephadex gel had settled on the bottom of the vessels. 1 ml of this Sephadex gel slurry each were subcutaneously injected to the shaved dorsal skin of the rats (right below). At different intervals (3, 6, 24 and 72 hours: 6, 14, 20 and 28 days) the Sephadex depot and the surrounding tissue were exstirpated and examined histologically. During all the procedures the animals were subjected to ether anesthesia. From the tissue samples frozen sections (Kryocut, -30 degrees C) were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or after van Gieson. Moreover, several preparations were stained after Pappenheim and Weigert (fibrin) or with PAS and toluidine blue. For recording of probable differences in the effect of the particular Sephadex types always 2 values were determined histometrically. The number of exudate cells emigrated between the Sephadex beads within the area of an ocular-net (edge length 1.66 mm) were counted at 500-fold magnification. Furthermore, the number of eosinophils was determined by the technique. However, because of poor occurrence the eosinophils were counted in 10 fields of view. Tests with Sephadex G-10 were omitted as preliminary tests had shown that it is not suitable for s.c. injections because of its gritty consistency (due to poor soaking properties). RESULTS: One single s.c. injection of Sephadex in the rat induces an acute inflammation. The exudative phase marked by a massive leucocytic infiltration (especially PMN leucocytes) is followed by the appearance of mononuclear leucocytes and fibroblasts after the 2nd day. The inflammation declines within approximately 3 weeks. Thereafter the Sephadex depot is encapsulated by a fibrous tissue. A chronic inflammation was never observed. In the microscopical aspect of the inflammation produced by the different types of Sephadex were detectable. The Sephadex lying in the tissue does not change its original shape, it is insoluble and is not disintegrated. The size of the particles prevents the transport into the blood or lymph vessels... PMID- 1233293 TI - Placental transfer of tritium-labelled prostaglandin A1 in the rat. AB - Pregnant Long Evans rats were treated with 25 muCi 3 H-prostaglandin A1 on either gestational day 15, 18 or 21. The highest concentrations of radioactivity were found in maternal kidneys, lungs and liver. The levels of radioactivity in the gut and also in amniotic fluid markedly increased with time after isotope administration. Significant levels of radioactivity were present in fetal tissues and in the placenta. PMID- 1233295 TI - [Experimental xenogenic immune pancreatitis. 1. Histological findings in the mouse exocrine pancreas after treatment with anti-mouse pancreas rabbit serum (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: In the pathogenesis of some forms of chronic pancreatitis an immunological influence has been discussed. Therefore, experimental studies of the exocrine pancreas after immunological damage should be done. In this communication histological findings on the mouse exocrine pancreas are presented after treatment with anti-mouse pancreas rabbit serum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a total of 71 adult male white mice was divided into 4 groups treated in the following way: 1. 35 animals with anti-mouse pancreas rabbit serum 2. 14 animals with normal rabbit serum 3. 16 animals with physiological saline 4. 6 animals remained untreated. The sera under study and the saline were, without exception, administered intraperitoneally with single doses of 0.3 ml once, resp. twice daily for 0 up to 16 days. Constantly, 3 hours before sacrifice, the animals received the last injection. For histological examination, the fresh pancreas was fixed in formaline. After embedding in paraffin, sections were stained by the following methods: hematoxyline-eosin, trichrome according to Goldner, Giemsa staining, PAS-reaction, and tryptophane demonstration according to ADAMS (1957). PMID- 1233294 TI - Tumor-inducing effect of trinitroso-trimethylene-triamine (TTT) when orally applied in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for solvent. AB - By oral application of TTT, disolved in concentrated DMSO, it was possible by means of a long-term experiment to produce tumors in female rats (Wistar strain). Contrary to all previous findings the tumor-inducing effect of this substance has been proved in this way for the first time. PMID- 1233296 TI - Fibrogenic response in murine lungs to asbestos. AB - Pulmonary fibrogenic response was investigated in mice following intratracheal inoculation of amosite, anthophylite and tremolite varieties of Indian asbestos and studies were made over a period of 150 days. At early periods all the varieties produced acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs. Thick reticulum fibers were encountered at later periods with amosite, while only thin reticulum fibers developed with anthophyllite or tremolite variety. The formation of asbestos bodies did not take place with any of the asbestos varieties even at 150 days. The deviation in the pulmonary fibrogenic response in mice has been attributed to species difference. PMID- 1233297 TI - Electron microscopic study on the injurious effects of chlorpromazine on rat liver cells. AB - The authors examined the effect of chlorpromazine administration on rat liver cells. The early alterations were limited to the pericanalicular region, but the dilatation of bile canaliculi and the destruction of canalicular microvilli, both characteristic of rats with cholestasis were not observed. It is suggested that beside the Golgi apparatus, the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, the plasma membranes of liver cells also have an important role in the formation of vesicles and vacuoles in the pericanalicular region. The progressive proliferation of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum is thought to be related to an increased overburdening of the biotransformation system of liver cells, which is the result of chronic drug administration. In the last period of the experiment there was a decrease in the quantity of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and increased fatty infiltration, mitochondrial alterations in some liver cells and simultaneously numerous regenerating liver cells were observed. All these alterations are attributed by the authors to the direct liver injuring effect of chlorpromazine. PMID- 1233298 TI - On the effect of prednisolone on hamster bone. AB - Over a period of 10.8 weeks 0.4, 4.0 or 40.0 mg, respectively of prednisolone bisuccinate/kg/day were injected intramuscularly into Syrian golden hamsters with a body weight of about 100 g. The dosage of 4.0 mg of prednisolone/kg did not produce any osteoporotic changes. The modulus of elasticity and the fracture load of the bones under investigation did not differ from the values obtained in control animals. At a dosage of 0.4 mg of prednisolone/kg/day the values of analysis (density, ash/cm3, calcium/cm3 and hydroxyproline/cm3) decreased by 5-8 percent, and at a dosage of 40.0 mg of prednisolone/kg/day even by 20-34 per cent as compared with the control group. The modulus of elasticity and the fracture load were significantly changed. PMID- 1233299 TI - Giant osmiophilic lamellated bodies after temporary ischemia of the rat lung. AB - Following temporary ischemia of the rat lung an atelectasis was observed after resorption of the extravasate. To determine whether changes in osmiophilic lamellated bodies (OLB) precede and perhaps cause the atelectasis the upper lobe of the right lung was in eight white Wistar-rats subjected to temporary ischemia of 10 minutes. The two axial diameters of the intracellular OLB and their precursors were measured on electron micrographs 10 minutes, 60 minutes, 1 day and 2 days after cessation of the ischemia. The mean diameters were compared by statistical methods. Already after 10 minutes the usual elliptic cut surfaces of OLB were found to be more circular presumably because of swelling caused by an osmotic insufficiency of their membranes. After 2 days, the mean diameter of OLB had doubled, while shape and structure stayed normal. At the same time, the small precursor stages were missing. Consequently, we assume that formation of new OLB- represented by small non-lamallated osmiophilic bodies--and the incorporation of lipids into existing lamellar bodies are processes independent of each other. After a short, temporary ischemia only the formation of new osmiophilic bodies seems to be interrupted and this is associated with a quick growth of existing OLB. However, apparently these cannot be excreted in due time. The result could be lack of surfactant, which would account for the postischemic atelectasis. PMID- 1233300 TI - Ultrastructural response of hepatocytes to thymectomy and pregnenolone-16alpha carbonitrile. AB - In young female rats, thymectomy causes RER alterations and a slight increase in SER. PCN augments SER in the hepatocytes of both intact and thymectomized rats. Thymectomy prolongs zoxazolamine paralysis and PCN treatment decreases the duration of zoxazolamine paralysis both in intact and operated rats. PMID- 1233301 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin and Ticinus communis agglutinin as specific saccharide stains in light and electron microscopy. AB - Two plant agglutinins, wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin, were used for light and electron microscopic detection of certain carbohydrate containing cell surface components and extracellular polysaccharides. For light microscopic studies on various tissues fluorescein isothiocyanate coupled lectins were prepared. The ferritin coupling of the lectins for electron microscopy was performed by glutarldehyde in the presence of the specific hapten. The specificity of the reactions was demonstrated by blocking with the hapten. PMID- 1233302 TI - Malformations induced by hormones in mice and their transmission to the offspring. AB - A fore foot defect occurring after gonadotropin stimulated ovulation in the offspring of Swiss albino mice is described as an abnormality which is transmitted to the offspring of several inbred generations. This malformation is a combination of postaxial oligodactylism and polydactylism, in literature so far not described previously. The defect originally observed after hormone treatment (postaxial oligodactylism) occurred most frequently. With others it has been considered whether the defect of the foot, which is in all probability subject to polygenic control, manifests itself as a result of selective factors during embryogenesis. A possible mutagenic effect of the sex hormones on the germ cells is also under consideration. This view is supported by clinical observations. PMID- 1233303 TI - Lens culinaris lectin receptors in the plasma membrane of rat liver cells: comparative electron microscopic studies on normal cells, on cells in vivo transformed by diethylnitrosamine and on Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells. AB - The distribution of the Lens culinaris lectin receptors on normal rat liver cells, on rat liver cells in vivo transformed by diethylnitrosamine and on Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells of the rat is investigated by means of the Lens culinaris lectin-peroxidase method and by ferritin conjugated Lens culinaris lectin. The normal rat liver cells show a continuous labeling at the outer membrane surface by the lectin complexes, whereas the transformed rat liver cells exhibit a strong tendency for patchy distribution of the cell surface label. The discontinuous cell surface label in the transformed rat liver cells is obviously caused by an internalization of plasma membrane areas. The importance of these morphological findings in their relationship to Lens culinaris lectin mediated agglutination of rat liver cells and the membrane fluidity in general are discussed. In the experiments no hints to a rotation of the Lens culinaris lectin receptors from the outer membrane surface to the inner membrane surface of rat liver cells can be found. PMID- 1233304 TI - Diabetogenic effects of N-nitrosomethylurea with special regard to species variations. AB - The effect of N-nitrosomethylurea on the blood-glucose and the pancreatic islet light microscopic picture was studied in the Chinese hamsters, golden hamsters, guinea pigs, mice, rats and sand rats. The Chinese hamsters were most susceptible. Only in this species did a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight cause blood glucose elevations and pancreatic islet damage. At a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of N-nitrosomethylurea, blood-glucose elevations were recorded in the golden hamster together with damage to the islets and the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma. A toxic dose of 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in hyperglycemia and islet cell destruction in the rat and in slight alterations in the islets of mice. N-nitrosomethylurea was non-diabetogenic to guinea pigs and sand rats. The ethyl derivate of nitrosourea was less toxic and diabetogenic to the Chinese hamsters in comparison with the methyl derivate. PMID- 1233305 TI - [Histological studies on the antiphlogistic effects caused by natural antiinflammatory factors (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: The dextran gel Sephadex causes a marked inflammatory response in rats when injected subcutaneously. This effect was used as a model of experimental inflammation. Sephadex and the resulting inflammatory exudate were gained and used again to study their antiphlogistic effects in the identical model. Histological reactions of the Sephadex induced acute inflammation were analyzed with and without presence of the exudate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male and female Wistar rats (100-250 g). Sephadex G-200 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals). Sephadex B 200 (1 ml, swollen in 0.9% NaCl) was injected subcutaneously in the control group (C), whereas the experimental groups were injected with either untreated Sephadex taken from 1,3 and 5 days old inflammatory deposits (group A) or with Sephadex, extracted from those deposits but subsequently washed free by 0.9% NaCl (group B). Only the inner and not yet organized part of the Sephadex deposit was used in both experimental groups. In group A, B and C the histological effects were examined 24h after injection. The number of eosinophils amongst the exudate cells was counted. 100 mast cells of the perifocal region were examined in order to measure the percentage of degranulated cells. A smear differential count was performed using subepidermic parts of the Sephadex deposit. RESULTS: Sephadex injection caused a very marked inflammatory reaction which was studied extensively. Similar results were obtained either using fresh Sephadex or washed Sephadex from inflammatory deposits. However, Sephadex from inflammatory deposits without wash induced only mild inflammatory reactions. All signs of acute inflammation were less pronounced. Hence, the phlogistic efficacy of Sephadex is reduced by the simultaneous presence of exudate. The most significant antiphlogistic effects were seen when exudate containing Sephadex from 3 days old inflammatory deposits was used. The significance of soluble parts of the exudate in these antiphlogistic effects is discussed. PMID- 1233306 TI - The morphological changes in the sinusoid in bone marrow studied with administration of soluble immune complexes--structural changes of sinusoid in allergic process. AB - The morphological changes of the sinusoidal endothelia in the bone marrow of a guinea pig have been studied with the administration of soluble immune complexes. There were noted sinusoidal distension with distinct endothelial and plasma stasis with a few blood cells. PMID- 1233307 TI - Structural patterns and histological behaviour of experimental sarcomas. II. Ultrastructural cytology. AB - In continuation of our investigations on methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcomas, in analogy to light microscopical results, various cytological differentiations could be demonstrated by the electron microscope. Some tumour cells are comparable to the cellular counterpart in normal connective tissue, whereas most of the tumour cells show various series of cytological traits of different types of normal connective tissue cells simultaneously. The vast majority of tumour cells exhibited characteristics of fibroblasts and histiocytes coincidently. However, classical fibroblasts and histiocytes were seldom present. One part of the tumour cells showed structural features as known from so-called myofibroblasts and smooth muscles cells. Furthermore, vasoformative potencies of sarcomas with imitation of endothelial and pericytic cells must be emphasized. With respect to the histogenesis of these sarcomas possible origin from the microvasculature is discussed. PMID- 1233308 TI - Modification of the surface structure of murine peritoneal macrophages following chemotherapy. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The effects on peritoneal macrophages of some chemotherapeutic agents administered subcutaneously to conventional male AB/Jena mice were studied. beta [1-ethyl-(5-bis-(beta-chloroethyl)-aminobenzimidazolyl-(2)]-DL-alanine (IMET 2925), beta-[1-phenyl-5-bis-(beta-chloroethyl)-amino-benzimidazolyl-(2)]-DL alanine (IMET 3164), and gamma-[1-phenyl-5-bis-(beta-chloroethyl)-amino benzimidazolyl-(2)]-butyric acid (IMET 37/70) evoked a pronounced variation of the cell surface consisting in a shortening, coarsening and reduction in number of the microvili and other projections. Likewise, 1.3-bis(piperidinomethyl)-5 ethyl-5-phenyl-barbituric acid induced a flattening of the surface, but the structures appeared to be increased in number per area. Chlorambucil, 6 mercaptopurine, and 5-fluoro-uracil failed to provoke any obvious change in the threedimensional cell surface structure. These morphological findings are consistent with functional results reported previously. PMID- 1233309 TI - Fatty acid pattern of cerebral lipids in cyanide encephalopathy. AB - From the analysis of the fatty acid spectrum of the individual lipid fractions of the cerebral white matter in cyanide induced encephalopathy would appear that essentially the phosphatidyl ethanolamine and plasmalogen fractions showed appreciable deviations from the control spectra. The observed changes in the cholesteryl ester composition did not correlate with the macrophage reaction, which is known to appear as late as 14 days after HCN intoxication when morphological signs of demyelination become apparent. Neither was there a correlation between the alterations of the phosphatide fatty acid composition and that of cholesteryl esters. It thus would appear that esterification of cholesterol in the myelin of rats occurring during early stages following cyanide intoxication constitutes one of the primary factors injuring the myelin sheath. The same conclusion seems to be applicable to the changes in fatty acid composition of the white matter phospholipids. PMID- 1233310 TI - Nephrotoxicity of Cortinarius speciosissimus: a histological and enzyme histochemical study. AB - The nephrotoxicity of the mushroom species Cortinarius speciosissimus was studied in the rat. Dried, homogenized mushroom was given orally via gastric tubing. The development of the kidney damage was followed by both histological and enzyme histochemical methods. The first signs of kidney damage were interstitial infiltrates occurring mainly in the outer medullary zone, observed two days after the administration of the mushroom. Focuses of inflammation, which gradually scarred, appeared after four days. Chiefly necrotic changes occurred in the tubuli of the cortical zone. Valine residue cleaving aminopeptidase disappeared from the necrotic tubuli at a noticeably greater rate than arginine residue cleaving aminopeptidase. A high activity of arginine residue cleaving aminopeptidase was observed in the inflammatory focuses located in the outer medullary zone, showing the important role of this enzyme in kidney inflammation. PMID- 1233311 TI - Effects of swimming on dystrophic Syrian hamster heart. AB - Morphological and histopathological heart changes were determined for sixteen dystrophic Syrian hamsters (B10 14.6 strain) and sixteen normal hamsters. Eight animals were randomly assigned to each of the following groups: dystrophic swim (DYS-SWM), dystrophic sedentary (DSY-SED), normal swim (NOR-SWM), and normal sedentary (NOR-SED). The daily swimming program consisted of an initial 30 minute swim which was gradually extended to 60 minutes by the end of eight weeks. Weights up to 3% body weight were attached during swimming to increase the work load. Sedentary animals received no experimental treatment. Four animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatments. In comparison with the two groups of sedentary animals, the NOR-SWM group had a greater heart weight/body weight ratio at both 4 and 8 weeks (P less than .05), while the DYS-SWM group had an increased ratio only at 8 weeks (P less than .05). Subjective histopathological evaluation of heart lesions showed that the DYS-SED group had many large areas of inflammatory reaction with infrequent diffuse areas of calcification. In contrast, the DYS-SWM group had fewer and smaller areas of inflammatory reaction with moderate amounts of calcification. PMID- 1233312 TI - Ultramicroscopic investigations of the exocrine pancreas of the dog after vagotomy. AB - The exocrine pancreas of 20 dogs was investigated electron microscopically before and 3, 4, 10, 11 and 14 days after bilateral truncular vagotomy. Up to the tenth day of the experiment a disturbance of the secretion of the acinar cells could be found with a sustained increase in enzyme protein synthesizing and lysosomal activity, irregular formation of zymogen granules and probably continuous extrusion of the enzyme proteins. The possible regulation mechanisms after vagotomy are discussed. PMID- 1233313 TI - Quantitative changes of canine diaphragm muscle cells following electrostimulation. AB - 1. In 12 dogs the right part of the diaphragm was stimulated 4, 5, 8, 11, and 14 weeks by means of a pacemaker. 2. Essential findings have been the increase of the amount of glycogen after 5 weeks, the increase of myofilaments per myofibril after 8 weeks, and the increase in the share of mitochondria in the 11th week. After 14 weeks all values have reached again their initial level as the result of an adaptation. 3. From the quantitative structural findings it can be taken that the diaphragm musculature is not changed by the electrostimulation in such a way that the functional preconditions for covering heart muscle deficiencies by diaphragm flaps are given. PMID- 1233314 TI - Experimental allergic serous rabbit endocarditis and cardiav valvular lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. --A comparative study. AB - Fibrosis of the chordae tendinae pathogenetically comparable to the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) conditioned alterations in the chordae tendineae was to be induced experimentally using the model of allergic-hyperergic rabbit endocarditis. 2. Furthermore, 45 hearts of RA autopsy cases were compared with 200 control heart. All heart valves and chordae tendineae were examined for occurence of diffuse fibroses, adhesions and rufflings as well as for ulcerations and thrombi. The degree of the pathological changes was classified in ""slight'', ""mean'', and ""severe'' (see table 1). 3. The tissue lesion can either lead to endothelial injury resulting in verruciform endocarditis or it can change over from recurrent edema with subsequent edematous sclerosis to etiologically ambiguous nonspecific fibrosis. 4. The persistent allergic-hypergic irritation in rabbit endocarditis likewise caused fibrosis of the chordae tendineae. During the progress of the disease the lesions are ranging from acute edema over edematous sclerosis to fibrosis. In the relatively short experimental period adhesions of the chordae tendineae and sheat-like depositon of newly formed connective tissue as common in allergic processes in RA were not observed. The pathogenetic reactions due to experimental endocarditis were comparable with those in RA. PMID- 1233315 TI - Concanavalin A receptors on normal rat liver cells, on rat liver cells in vivo transformed by diethylnitrosamine and on Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells of the rat: morphokinetic analysis of cell surface dynamics. AB - Comparative electron microscopic investigations were performed in living cultures of normal rat liver cells, of rat liver cells in vivo transformed by diethylnitrosamine and on Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells of the rat concerning the mobility of the Concanavalin A cell surface receptors. The cells were incubated in Concanavalin A and peroxidase and subsequently washed. They were then reincubated for various periods at +37 degrees C in PBS prior to fixation. In the case of the Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells the cells were reincubated after Concanavalin A incubation followed by fixation and peroxidase incubation. The cytochemical procedure allowed us to show differences in the mobility of Concanavalin A surface receptors between normal and transformed rat liver cells. The cell surface label disappeared completely within 15 min of reincubation in the transformed cells, whereas in normal cells the same degree of loss in surface label was visible after 120 min reincubation. In both cases an internalization of labelled plasma membrane areas occurred. After complete disappearance of cell surface label in diethylnitrosamine transformed cells a complete relabelling of the cell surface occurred after 60 min reincubation caused by an exocytosis. PMID- 1233317 TI - Following and visual imprinting in ducklings across a wide age range. AB - Ducklings ranging in age from 20-125 hr were exposed to a moving silent object in an open circular apparatus until a criterion of 300 sec of following was met. All ducklings met the criterion, and age did not correlate with the time required. In subsequent choice tests most ducklings approached the imprinting object over a novel object, and age did not correlate with choice behavior. Results indicate that imprinting can occur over a fairly wide age range, and that the traditional critical period for imprinting may, in part, be an artifact of laboratory methods. PMID- 1233316 TI - Presurgical dietary history and the behavior of control and septal lesioned rats. AB - Rats reared under dietary enrichment or standard diet from 25 days of age underwent septal or control surgery 2 months later. Enrichment differentially altered septal or control behavior as measured by: exploration tests: fluid consumption of water, saccharin, and quinine; and the acquisition of an active avoidance task. PMID- 1233318 TI - Influence of age and sex on the behavior of rats deprived of the rearing response. AB - Rearing on the hind legs, one component of "general activity" was restricted in male and female rats both before (25 days) and after (50 days) the development of this response. In contrast to previous restriction studies the animals were kept in groups and allowed free locomotor activity in the cage environment. After 8 weeks, open-field testing showed that selective restriction decreased the frequency of rearing behavior, particularly unsupported rearing which requires physical coordination and balance. Effects were greater for females (which usually rear more than males) and for animals restricted at weaning (25 days). PMID- 1233319 TI - Developmental and genetic variables in mouse startle response habituation. AB - A behavioral task insensitive to inherent sensory and motor limitations, specifically a startle response habituation technique, was used to investigate genetic (strains) and developmental (age) effects on behavior. All mice tested using two procedures exhibited evidence for habituation which was dependent on strain, age, and length of the testing process. Exploitation of this simple technique may permit clarfication of more complex types of behavior. PMID- 1233320 TI - Impairment of conditioned active avoidance in adult rats given corticosterone in infancy. AB - Intensive corticosterone treatment given to rats during the 1st postnatal week irreversibly decreases DNA accumulation in the cerebrum and cerebellum. After such hypercorticism in infancy rats were tested as adults in 2 conditioned active avoidance tasks. In comparison with litter-mate controls, the treated rats were impaired in the acquisition of 2-way active avoidance but not in the acquisition of 1-way active avoidance. These data are consistent with other observations suggesting a hyperresponsiveness or hyperemotionality following corticosterone treatment in infancy. PMID- 1233321 TI - Effects of differential rearing condition on heart rate conditioning and response suppression. AB - Rats were reared in either an enriched or isolated environment for 60 days following weaning. Neither rearing environment nor sex affected heart rate conditioning. However, when the CS used during conditioning was subsequently presented in a drinking situation, males reared in isolation showed a greater degree of response suppression than did similarly reared females. Males and females reared in the enriched environment did not differ in degree of response suppression. PMID- 1233322 TI - Arousal and temporal factors imprinting in mallards. AB - A number of factors affecting the learning processes in laboratory imprinting were examined. Two factors alone explained the degree to which young ducklings learn the characteristics of a given model: the length of exposure to the model, and the endogenous arousal state of the duckling. A third, the effect of muscular exertion is not warranted. The characteristics of some models are more rapidly learned than others, and the significance of this fact for biochemical studies of learning is discussed. In this study ease of learning coincided with innate preference; this suggests the presence of a neural filtering mechanism in the duckling which alters the assimilation of information into the CNS and hence controls both innate preference and learnability. PMID- 1233323 TI - Long term changes in nest condition and pup grouping following handling of rat litters. AB - Observation of rat litters over the entire preweaning period revealed long term changes to result from handling pups. Handled litters had fewer good nests and were less likely to be found in a single group than control litters. These differences are not attributable to the disturbances per se, as litters where the mother was removed did not differ significantly from undisturbed controls. The differences occurred predominantly in the daytime when maternal activity was at its lowest. PMID- 1233324 TI - Excess neonatal thyroxine: effects on learning in infant and adolescent rats. AB - Previous reports have suggested that neonatal thyroxine administration may enhance learning ability in rats as infants but the rats become deficient in learning as they grow older. This experiment compared neonatally thyroxine injected rats with injected and nonhanded controls on passive and active avoidance and a geotactic cold-escape discrimination. Thyroxine-injected infant rats were superior to controls on active avoidance, inferior on passive avoidance, and equal on discriminated escape. Adolescent rats which had received postnatal thyroxine were inferior to controls in Lashley III maze acquisition whether or not they had received supplementary thryoxine at the time of training. These data suggest that differences in locomotor activity, rather than in learning ability, account for early behavioral effects and that changes other than endocrine disturbances account for the adult deficits. The results are compatible with previous contentions that excess neonatal thyroxine disrupts the timing of brain development. PMID- 1233325 TI - Maternal growth hormone and growth and function. AB - Factors regulating somatic growth postnatally have been proposed to affect brain growth and subsequent function when applied prior to birth. This study pertains to the role of growth hormone administered to pregnant rats and the subsequent growth of the progeny. The results showed a significant increase in brain weight and cortical neurone number as determined by the incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA and subsequent autoradiography. At maturity, learning performance on a series of conditional discrimination tasks was found to be enhanced. PMID- 1233326 TI - The effect of chronic protein malnutrition on trans-callosal evoked responses in the rat. AB - Studies were carried out on the trans-callosal evoked response in rats born of dams fed either a low (8%) or normal (25%) protein diet beginning 5 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, pups were fed the same diets as their mothers. Bipolar (surface vs depth) stainless steel stimulating and recording electrodes were positioned at corresponding loci in the right and left sensorimotor cortices. Trans-callosal evoked responses were measured under urethane anesthesia using twice-threshold bipolar pulses of .1 msec duration at ages 13, 21, and 60-66 days. Evoked response latency was significantly greater in malnourished animals at 13 days of age, whereas at adulthood no latency differences were seen. Poststimulation excitability (15-100 msec range) was not significantly affected by the dietary treatment. These results are interpreted as corroborating previous reports on rats undernourished during development using sensory evoked potentials. By avoiding the use of extrinsic sensory stimulation, the present study demonstrates a dietary effect upon ontogeny of cortical evoked potentials independent of any possible effect on sensory receptor mechanisms. PMID- 1233327 TI - Light-dark discrimination and reversal learning in early postnatal kittens. AB - During the early postnatal period kittens were trained in a visual discrimination task involving light-dark stimuli in order to determine the age of onset of visual control of learned behavior. A Y water maze was used with escape from water as the reinforcer. The results indicate that kittens are able to master the discrimination within the 5th week of life. The relevance of this result to electrophysiological measures of maturation is discussed. PMID- 1233328 TI - Effects of testing age and fostering experience on seizure susceptibility of rats treated prenatally with chlorpromazine. AB - Offspring of rats treated with 2 mg/kg body weight chlorpromazine (CPZ) on Days 5 8 of gestation had lower seizure thresholds than offspring of saline-treated controls at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of age. The CPZ-treated offspring were also heavier than controls prior to weaning. Further analysis using cross-fostered litters indicated that at least part of the drug effect on seizure thresholds took place before birth, although a postnatal component was also demonstrated. A striking effect of the fostering experience itself on the seizure threshold prevented conclusions about the relative importance of prenatal and postnatal influences. PMID- 1233329 TI - Prehatch color stimulation effects on color pecking preferences and color discrimination learning in white leghorn chicks. AB - Four experiments assessed the effects of stimulating chick embryos with colored light at 2 intensity levels. Both posthatch color pecking preferences (Experiments 1 and 2) and color discrimination learning (Experiments 3 and 4) were unaffected. These results affirm and extend a prior finding of no pre- and posthatch colored light stimulation effect on posthatch color preferences in ducklings. The color pecking preferences found replicated prior findings with chicks. However, they differed from the approach color preferences observed in color discrimination learning. PMID- 1233330 TI - The development and modification of object preferences in domestic white leghorn chicks. AB - This study examined in domestic chicks the time-course of adaptation to a new object after having established strong preferences for a previous stimulus (during the first 3 days of life). By interchanging the stimuli to which the animal was exposed, and by confining the animal exclusively with the new object for some period of time, the new preference was expected to develop as a function of the duration of exposure. The results confirm that expectation with a monotonic increase in preference as a function of hours of exposure. The establishment of a preference for the new object was rapid, as indicated by a significant shift in preference after 5 hr. PMID- 1233331 TI - The use of habituation in the study of the effects of infantile malnutrition. AB - Habituation of the orienting response (OR) was used to assess possible attentional deficits associated with infantile malnutrition. The procedure involved the presentation of 40 trials of a pure tone stimulus to 8 marginally nourished and 8 malnourished 13 1/2-month-old male infants. The results showed that the initial OR to stimulus onset, as measured by the magnitude of cardiac deceleration, was significantly larger in marginally nourished than in malnourished infants. Within-group comparisons revealed that marginally nourished infants showed significant increases in OR magnitude to changes in tonal frequency whereas the malnourished infants did not. The results were taken as evidence of an attentional deficit associated with infantile malnutrition that is likely to interfere with subsequent learning. PMID- 1233332 TI - The development of convulsive seizures in the grasshopper mouse (Onychomys torridus). AB - Open-field tests were administered to 29 male and 50 female southern grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus) at 10-day intervals from 30-100 days of age. Convulsive seizures were observed to occur in 9 males and 23 females during at least 1 of the open-field tests. No significant differences appeared in the seizure characteristics of male and female subjects. The potential of O. torridus as an animal model of human epilepsy is discussed. PMID- 1233334 TI - A hamster by any other name is still not a rat. PMID- 1233333 TI - The development of intersession habituation and emergence in socially reared and isolated rats. AB - Male and female hooded rats were weaned at 17 days and then reared in isolation or in social groups. Intersession habituation of locomotor activity in the open field was tested at 15, 25, and 45 days. Contrary to some previous reports, the 15-day-old animals showed significant habituation. At 45 days, however, the isolates showed very little habituation compared to the social animals. The isolates showed a similar pattern of development in their emergence into the open field. Apparently, isolation does not result in an arresting of development, but rather in the formation of behavior patterns otherwise absent in normally reared rats. PMID- 1233335 TI - [Prolactin: considerations on an old and new hormone. Functional relationships between prolactin and other anterior pituitary hormones]. PMID- 1233336 TI - [Evaluation of some indices of hepatic and renal function in a group of workers chronically exposed to antiparasitic agents. Note I]. PMID- 1233338 TI - [An unusual morbid association: retroperitoneal fibrosis and a partial virilization syndrome]. PMID- 1233337 TI - [Studies of the metabolism of fibrinogen-I 125 in cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis and in uremic patients treated by periodical hemodialysis]. PMID- 1233339 TI - [Metabolic acidosis in the course of hepatic cirrhosis. A case with favorable outcome]. PMID- 1233340 TI - Psychological pathology and social reciprocity. PMID- 1233341 TI - Everyday thinking and Piagetian operativity in adults. PMID- 1233342 TI - Sex differences in antisocial behavior: does research methodology produce or abolish them? PMID- 1233343 TI - Are there sex differences in creativity across the adult life span? PMID- 1233344 TI - Application of Schaie's most efficient design in a study of the development of Dutch children. PMID- 1233345 TI - Closed reduction reaming and nailing in fractures of the femoral shaft. AB - Kuntscher's treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft consists of andomedullary closed reduction nailing after reaming. This easy and safe method is the method of choice, as demonstrated by an analysis of our results in 187 fractures. The operative technique, indications, contraindications, advantages and complications of the method are discussed. PMID- 1233346 TI - Dyschondrosteosis. AB - The authors present three cases of dyschondrosteosis occurring in a single family unit. The characteristics of the "major" and "minor" forms of this genetically derived chondrosteodysplasia are described. The other members of the family examined presented no signs of the disease, but they were very young. The possibility of successful surgical correction of the deformities caused by dyscondrosteosis is stressed. PMID- 1233347 TI - Resection of metaphyseal and epiphyseal neoplasms: the use of the patella for osteo-articular reconstruction. AB - The patella can be a useful autogenous transplant for joint reconstruction after resection of epiphyseal and metaphyseal neoplasms. The cartilaginous surface can be used to replace an articular surface destroyed by tumour or removed by resection. Six cases are presented and illustrated, in which this procedure enabled useful joint function to be preserved. PMID- 1233348 TI - Experimental scoliosis induced by prolonged minimal electrical stimulation of the paravertebral muscles. AB - Experimental scoliosis was produced in the rabbit by unilateral electrical stimulation of the paravertebral muscles. The scoliosis was shown to be structural and progressive even after stimulation was stopped. The biochemical and histochemical changes in the intervertebral discs were studied. PMID- 1233349 TI - Valgus osteotomy of the hip. AB - The author's technique of valgus osteotomy is described. The advantages claimed are wide and easy correction combined with distal displacement of the great trochanter, restoration of physiological valgus, lengthening of the limb, and rigid and secure fixation. The indications, contra-indications, technique and results are discussed in an analysis of ninety-eight operated cases. PMID- 1233350 TI - Multiple primary idiopathic scoliosis. AB - This paper deals with a type of idiopathic scoliosis with more than two primary curves (three, four or five). These can be classified, together with double primary curves, under the general term "multiple primary idiopathic scoliosis", and should therefore replace "combined or double primary curves" in Schulthess' traditional classification. The author contends that the apparent rarity of multiple primary curves is due to inadequate observation, and discusses their etiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, natural history, prognosis and treatment. PMID- 1233351 TI - Cystinosis of bone. AB - The authors describe a case of cystinosis of bone that presented initial difficulties in diagnosis. They discuss the clinical features and the radiographic appearances, which demonstrated numerous zones of osteoporosis with a markedly monomelic distribution in the left leg. The condition arose as a result of trauma. Numerous accumulations of intracellular cystine crystals were revealed by the ultramicroscopic study of bone fragments obtained by biopsy, and this led the authors to diagnose the case as cystine thesaurismosis of bone. The case is of interest not only because of its exceptional rarity (it is, perhaps, the first reported case of cystinosis localized exclusively in bone), but also because it was only possible to arrive at a diagnosis by means of ultramicroscopic investigation. PMID- 1233352 TI - The treatment of severe fractures of the lower end of the femur with Judet's screw-plate. AB - Severe fractures of the lower end of the femur have increased in frequency as road accidents have become more common. Good anatomical reconstruction is essential in order to conserve useful joint function, and this can only be achieved by internal fixation. Judet's screw-plate has been used with success in these cases and is presented in its technical and clinical aspects. The quality of the results obtained is documented in an analysis of 22 operations. PMID- 1233353 TI - Bronchopulmonary geotrichosis. PMID- 1233354 TI - Effect of oxytetracycline and sulphanilamide on the reproductive organs and fecundity of melon fly, dacus cucurbitae coq. PMID- 1233355 TI - Studies on certain factors influencing legume-rhizobia interrelationship. III. Antagonistic soil streptomycetes in the rhizosphere region. PMID- 1233356 TI - An antibiotic producer from marsh sediments. PMID- 1233357 TI - Use of Aureofungin and Streptocycline in increasing the viability of citrus seeds in cold storage. PMID- 1233358 TI - Occurrence of Torula thermophila Cooney & Emerson. PMID- 1233359 TI - Management of presumptive or proven Hodgkin's disease of the liver: anew radiotherapy technique. PMID- 1233360 TI - Pathogenesis of metastasis formation. PMID- 1233361 TI - Ultrasound imaging as an aid to cancer therapy-I. PMID- 1233362 TI - Patient repositioning and motion detection using a video cancellation system. PMID- 1233363 TI - Technical aid in moving strip abdominal irradiation. PMID- 1233365 TI - The future of radiotherapy as a discipline. PMID- 1233364 TI - The importance of DQ. PMID- 1233366 TI - When should radiation oncology become a separate department? PMID- 1233367 TI - Response of mouse jejunum to multifraction radiation. PMID- 1233368 TI - Chemical radiation protection of the intestinal epithelium by mercaptoethylamine and its thiophosphate derivative. PMID- 1233369 TI - Radiation tolerance of the pig kidney: a model for determining overall time and fraction factors for preserving renal function. PMID- 1233370 TI - The place of radiation therapy in the reorganization of cancer care: an international study. PMID- 1233371 TI - Circulating cancer cells and metastases. PMID- 1233372 TI - Carcinoid tumor-cure by irradiation. PMID- 1233374 TI - The role of the cell periphery in metastasis. PMID- 1233373 TI - Immunologic factors in experimental metastases formation. PMID- 1233375 TI - Definition of addiction liability associated with different patterns of drug use. PMID- 1233376 TI - Measures of currency of recency of drug abuse. PMID- 1233377 TI - The measurement of "ever use" and "frequency-quantity" in drug use surveys. PMID- 1233378 TI - Defining the term "polydrug use". PMID- 1233379 TI - Conditions of drug use. PMID- 1233380 TI - Some words of caution on subjective concepts: "interest in trying, maintaining or changing use", "reasons for use", "reasons for non-use". PMID- 1233381 TI - Operational definitions used in recent socio-behavioral research on drugs. PMID- 1233382 TI - The effects of heroin on catecholamine metabolism in man. AB - In a study of the effects of heroin administration in nine human subjects, urinary catecholamines and metabolites were examined during an initial drug-free baseline period, a ten-day period of heroin administration and a subsequent period of methadone detoxification. All catecholamines and metabolites tended to be increased over baseline values on the first day of heroin administration. However, markedly different patterns of change emerged on subsequent days of heroin administration. Norepinephrine and normetanephrine remained increased throughout heroin administration. Epinephrine was increased during the early phase of heroin administration but returned to baseline values during the latter phase of heroin administration. After the increase on the first day of heroin administration, metanephrine decreased and substantial decrements below baseline values occurred during the latter phase of heroin administration. After increasing on the first day of heroin administration, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid (VMA) returned to approximately baseline values. During heroin administration, an increase in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) excretion was observed in a subgroup of four of the nine subjects studied. This is in contrast to the increase in normetanephrine excretion and the decrease in metanephrine excretion that was observed in the entire group of nine subjects. It is conceivable that persistance of, or development of, tolerance might account for the failure to observe an increase in MHPG excretion in all of the subjects. It appeared as if the increase in MHPG excretion began on the day prior to the administration of heroin in the subgroup of patients with increased MHPG excretion during heroin administration, suggesting the possibility of an anticipatory or conditioned response, with the anticipation of heroin producing an increase in MHPG excretion. PMID- 1233383 TI - Blood platelet monoamine oxidase activity in anergic schizophrenics. AB - Blood platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was evaluated in twenty-four anergic, schizophrenic outpatients during a double-blind study comparing a chlorpromazine-imipramine combination to thio-thixeneplacebo. Platelet MAO activity was determined on blood samples drawn after a two-week drug-free washout and once weekly over a four-week on-drug period. Schizophrenic patients could be classified according to their blood platelet MAO activity into either a low-MAO or a high-MAO group. In neither group of this population of schizophrenics did blood platelet MAO activity correlate with any of the primary or secondary symptoms of schizophrenia. Ten alcoholics and seven volunteer non-patients could similarly be divided into low- and high-MAO groups. Mean blood platelet MAO activity for these groups was not significantly different from the mean values of the low and high-MAO groups of the schizophrenics. These findings do not support published reports of low blood platelet activity as a genetic marker for schizophrenia. Discriminate function analysis of symptomatology ratings at baseline was used to characterize the low- and high-MAO schizophrenic patient groups. Individuals in the low-MAO group were distinguished by hyperactivity, anergia and sleep disturbance. PMID- 1233384 TI - The role of serotonin and norepinephrine in sleep-waking activity. AB - A critical review of the evidences relating the biogenic amines serotonin and norepinephrine to the states of slow-wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is presented. Various alternative explanations for specific chemical regulation of the individual sleep states, including the phasic events of REM sleep, are evaluated within the overall framework of the monoamine theory of sleep. Several critical neuropsychopharmacological studies relating to metabolsim of the amines in relation to sleep-waking behavior are presented. Models of the chemical neuronal circuitry involved in sleep-waking activity are derived and interactions between several brainstem nuclei, particularly the raphe complex and locus coeruleus, are discussed. Activity in these aminergic systems in relation to oscillations in the sleep-waking cycles is evaluated. In particular, the assessment of single cell activity in specific chemical systems in relations to chemical models of sleep is reviewed. Overall, it appears that the biogenic amines, especially serotonin and norepinephrine, play key roles in the generation and maintenance of the sleep states. These neurotransmitters participate in some manner in the "triggering" processes necessary for actuating each sleep phase and in regulating the transitions from sleep to waking activity. The biogenic amines are, however, probably not "sleep factors" or direct inducers of the sleep states. Rather, they appear to be components of a multiplicity of interacting chemical circuitry in the brain whose activity maintains various chemical balances in different brain regions. Shifts in these balances appear to be involved in the triggering and maintenance of the various states comprising the vigilance continuum. PMID- 1233385 TI - A role for dopamine in the psychopharmacology of electrical self-stimulation. AB - The psychopharmacology of electrical self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus was studied using 6-hydroxydopamine, alpha-methyltyrosine, U-14, 624, and d amphetamine. Reduction of brain dopamine, but not norepinephrine, with 6 hydroxydopamine produced an acute depression of responding which eventually recovered to pretreatment levels. A low dose of alpha-methyltyrosine, which did not affect responding in control rats, significantly depressed responding in the rats with brain dopamine reduced. This treatment did not alter responding of rats with norepinephrine reduced by 6-hydroxydopamine. A dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, U-14, 624, depleted norepinephrine an additional 70% yet failed to alter self-stimulation in any of the groups. In other experiments, the 6 hydroxydopamine treatment which reduced brain dopamine was found to block the facilitation of self-stimulation produced by d-amphetamine. This facilitation of lateral hypothalmic self-stimulation was not influenced by treatments which reduced brain norepinephrine. An experiment suggesting that dopamine is of importance to locus coeruleus self-stimulation is also described. Implications of these data indicating a role for dopamine in self-stimulation responding are discussed in relation to the "catecholamine hypothesis of self-stimulation". PMID- 1233386 TI - [Empyema and subdural effusion after meningitis. 2 cases of unusual location]. AB - A 12-year old child and a 2-month old infant developed, in the wane of a purulent meningitis, the former, an infratentorial subdural empyema, the latter, a large, encapsulated, haemoorhagic, aseptic subdural effusion, in the right parieto temporo-occipital region. In both cases, signs of intracranial hypertension dominated the clinical picture. Neuroradiological investigations permitted diagnosis and localisation of the expansive processes, whose subdural position was recognized at operation and confirmed by histopathological examination. According to the literature, purulent meningitis is a rare cause of subdural empyema, except in infants; the solely infratentorial location is also unusual. Sterile subdural effusion is a more common complication of purulent meningitis in infancy, but the unilateral posterior supratentorial location is also a peculiar feature. Subdural collections after memingitis may be aseptic and possibly haemorrhagic, or septic and purulent; these different modes of presentation correspond perhaps to different degrees or stages of subdural pathological changes in the neighbourhood of leptomeningeal infection. PMID- 1233387 TI - [Incisural block. Radiological diagnosis]. AB - Radioisotope cisternography is the best method for studying the third circulation. A new mode of representation is proposed for understanding the importance of the various foramina and the main direction of the bulk flow. The incisura tentorii plays an important role in the cranial leptomeningeal space. Particular emphasis is given to the cisternographic and pneumographic patterns of its stenosis and occlusion. Incisural block may be anatomical (primary) or functional (secondary). That distinction gives the choice between different shunting procedures. Its significance is demonstrated and illustrated in various situations. PMID- 1233388 TI - [Postoperative radiotherapy of hemispheric glioma in the adult. A propos of 134 cases]. AB - We are dealing here with a series of 134 hemispheric gliomas of the adult subject submitted to irradiation after surgical exeresis. The 2 years survival rate reaches 51 p. 100 for stage I and II astrocytomas (15/29) and 3,3 p. 100 for glioblastomas (30/91), the I year survival rate for the latter ones reaching 33 p. 100. The analytic study of medical literature lets appear that if roentgentherapy remains controverted in the case of stage I and II astrocytomas, it is recognized as useful, by all the authors, in the glioblastomas. Modalities and technique of the irradiation are object of an analytic study. Authors are favourable to post-operative irradiation stage I and II astrocytomas exhibiting pejorative features (focalized 6.000 to 6.500 rads) and to systematic post operative irradiation in the glioblastomas over extended fields, either spreaded on irradiation (6.000 rads) or concentrated irradiation (two series of 1.800 rads). This latter technique has provided identical results as the spreaded on irradiation and represents a less heavy procedure. Mention is made of roentgentherapy in the supratentorial ependymomas (3 cases) and in the oligodendrogliomas (6 cases), followed by an analytic study of the complications consecutive to roentgentherapy of the encephalic tumors. PMID- 1233389 TI - [Radiotherapy of cerebral tumor in the adult with the exception of hemispheric glioma]. AB - The results obtained in this series of 120 patients with brain tumors, excepting hemispheric gliomas, appear particularly comforting. Radiosensitiveness of medulloblastomas, pinealomas and to some extent of ependymomas, was of course known. On the contrary, the radio-sensitiveness of some astrocytary processes, or supposed astrocytomas, well or moderately differentiated (gliomas of the IIIrd. ventricle, opto-chiasmatic gliomas, gliomas of the brain stem) appears to have been appreciable and it has been possible to obtain numerous stabilizations equivalent to cures. An histologic chek-up prior to roentgentherapy appears to authors as strictly necessary and might be easily enough obtained thanks to the stereotaxic procedures. Authors are not of mind that the present series will be burdened with radio-necrotic like complications. They think that the tumoral doses might be increased of 5 p. 100 and even of 10 p. 100, while maintaining the same protraction and a fractioning of the same order: treatments of 5 to seven weeks consisting in 5 to 6 sessions per week). It is presently too soon for valuing the efficiency of an adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 1233390 TI - [The value of concentrated irradiation in the therapy of malignant sub-tentorial tumors in the adult]. PMID- 1233391 TI - [Radiotherapy of non-surgical, primary tumor of the brain in adults]. PMID- 1233392 TI - [Radiotherapy of intra-rachidian tumors except intra-dural tumors. Experience of the Curie Foundation]. PMID- 1233393 TI - Lymphoid cell responses in parasitic helminth infections. AB - The cellular responses during experimental ascariasis provide a mechanism whereby effector systems are mobilized rapidly and locally, resulting in the prompt response which is evident on reinfection. It is proposed that the products of activated "T" lymphocytes facilitate local accumulation of lymphoid cells which, later, as specific antibody-producing cells provide the mediators (e.g. opsonizing antibody) responsible for mechanisms which destroy the parasite. While the mechanisms causing death of the parasite are still unknown, our present studies will provide an explanation of events that prepare for this event. PMID- 1233394 TI - [Observations of fleas of small mammals at the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italian Occidental Alps)]. AB - The Siphonaptera of small mammals (nearly 200 rodents, insectivora and mustelids) of the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso (Western Italian Alps) have been collected and studied during the years 1973-75. All the animals have been captured at altitudes ranging from 1570 to 2400 m during different seasons. Twelve genera and sixteen species have been identified, namely: Chaetopsylla (C.) homoea homoea from Mustela erminea; Hystrichopsylla (H.) talpae talpae from Clethrionomys glareolus; Rhadinopsylla (A.) integella integella from Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus nivalis; Ctenophtalmus (C.) agyrtes verbanus from Pitymys multiplex (collected by Beaucournu); Ctenophthalmus (C.) solutus solutus from Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus; Ctenophthalmus (Medioctenophthalmus) nivalis nivalis from Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus nivalis and Pitymys multiplex; Doratopsylla dasycnema cuspis from Sorex araneus and Clethrionomys glareolus; Palaeopsylla soricis rosickyi from Sorex araneus; Leptopsylla segnis from Apodemus sylvaticus and Mus musculus; Peromyscopsylla bidentata bidentata from Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus nivalis; peromyscopsylla fallax from clethrionomgs glareous; Amphipsylla sibirica ssp. from clethrionomys glareolus and microtus nivalis; Malaraeus (Amalaraeus), penicilliger kratachvili from Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus nivalis and Mustela erminea; Myoxopsylla laverani from Eliomys quercinus; Callopsylla saxatilis from Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus nivalis and Mustela erminea. Species of fleas not yet described in Italy are: Chaetopsylla (C.) homoea homoea; Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesa; Ctenophthalmus (Medioctemophthalmus) nivalis nivalis; Callopsylla saxatilis. The genus Callopsylla is identified for the first time in Italy. New identification of hosts for the species of fleas already described in Italy are: for Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) integella integella: Clethrionomys glareolus; for Ctenophthalmus (C.) solutus solutus: Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus. All the 15 male specimens of M. laverani from E. quercinus captured in the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso have characters more similar to M. l. traubi than to M. l. laverani: only one long and a much shorter spine in the superior half of the movable process, a distinct tooth in the anterior margin of the movable half of the movable process, a distinct tooth in the anterior margin of the movable process, crochets of phallosome shorter and more gradually tapered, apex of fixed process very acuminated. To the contrary the shape of the movable process is similar to that of M. l. laverani. A point of particular interest is to be found also in 2 specimens of Amphypsilla of the sibirica group, respectively collected from Mustela erminea and Microtus nivalis. They have a very atypical distribution of the spine in an abnormally shaped movable process: the reasons of the abnormality are due to castration, probably of parasitic origin (absence of phallosome, tendons, etc.). PMID- 1233396 TI - An isocitrate dehydrogenase polymorphism in Culex tritaeniorhynchus. PMID- 1233395 TI - [Effect of the photoperiod of the site of oviposition of Aedes mariae (Diptera,Culicidae)]. AB - The overwintering biology of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) mariae (one of the sibling species of the mariae complex) was studied in populations from the Tyrrhenian coast of Central Italy (Sperlonga and Formia). Ae. mariae has in this zone several generations per year and its larvae are commonly found from March to October exclusively in rock pools along the coast. Field and laboratory observations show in these populations an embryonic winter diapause induced by short-day photoperiods (9-12 hours). The photoperiod acts primarily on the parental females during their preimaginal life. The expression of diapause is influenced by temperatures and photoperiods experienced by the embryos. Full embryonic diapause is observed when the eggs are incubated at relatively low temperatures (less than 16 degrees C) and at short photoperiods. Short-day photoperiods also induce a remarkable change in the oviposition behavior of Ae. mariae. Laboratory observations show that the adult females readily oviposit on water surfaces when originating from larvae reared at long-day photoperiod while they are very reclutant to oviposit in the same situation when reared at short day photoperiod. Choice experiments involving four alternative oviposition sites (see Plate 1) demonstrate a preference for outside free water in long-day mosquitoes and for inside moist surfaces in short-day mosquitoes. The behavioral difference persists in successive gonotrophic cycles and it is not apparently affected by the photoperiod acting on the adult females. The above evidence together with recovery of overwintering eggs in holes and crevices of rock pools suggest that the shift in oviposition site shown in the laboratory reflects a similar shift occurring in nature. Such photoperiodically induced change in oviposition behavior seems to have an important adaptive significance in providing more constant microclimates to the diapausing eggs and in protecting them from the mechanical action of winter storms. PMID- 1233397 TI - [Propensity for feeding on blood under laboratory conditions and chromosomal polymorphism in Anopheles stephensi]. AB - Propensity to blood feeding under laboratory conditions was studied in females of A. stephensi carriers of different arrangements of a polymorphic paracentric inversion of chromosome 2R (+/+, +/b, b/b). One hour experiments were performed at various hours of the day, in continuous light, with temperature between 26 and 28 degrees C and relative humidity between 65 and 75%, using unfed mosquitoes 4-5 days old and guinea pigs as hosts. The frequency of blood fed females was found to be constantly much lower in the +/+ homokaryotypes, than in the other two karyotypes. Smaller differences in biting activity were observed between the heterokaryotypes and the b/b homokaryotypes, the latter appearing significantly more active at least during the scotophase hours. The evidence of a lower activity of the +/+ homokaryotypes was confirmed when the mosquitoes were stimulated by a human arm. Such marked and constant behavioural difference is tentatively considered as the expression of a diversified response to the environmental conditions whose deterrent effect on biting activity would be more pronounced on the +/+ homokaryotypes than on the carriers of the 2Rb arrangement. PMID- 1233398 TI - [Radiosensitivity curve of different stages of spermatogenesis of Anopheles atroparvus (Diptera:Nematocera)]. AB - In order to obtain a dose-hatchability curve for irradiated spermatogenetic stages of Anopheles atroparvus, we have irradiated with the same dose "4500 r" young fourth larval stages, old fourth larval stages, nymphae and adult males. Those different stages represent different phases of spermatogenesis. The peak of radiosensitivity for embryonic mortality, was found in spermatids, lowest appeared in spermatogonies. PMID- 1233399 TI - [Epizoology of leishmaniasis in the province of Foggia: leishmaniasis in the dog]. AB - The authors value the sensibility and the advantage of the different serological tests for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (immunodiffusion, complement fixation and immunofluorescent tests) and give the results obtained from an epizoological survey carried out on dogs in the province of Foggia (Italy). The immunofluorescent test, whose positivity sera titre has fixed at the diluition of 1:10, resulted the most appropriate. In more than 400 animals examined, all from the 50 communes of the province of Foggia, the infection level of the dog by leishmania resulted to be 7.42%. If the three geographical zones, in which the province has been subdivided, are considered, this level varies from 10.21% for the subjects from the Gargano promontory, to 6.89% for those of the Subapennine Dauno, and to 5.55% for those of the Apulia plateau. PMID- 1233400 TI - [Tyrrhenia blennii g.n. sp. n. (Hemiurata : Halipegidae Poche, 1925) parasite of Blennius gattorugine and Blennius sanguinolentus]. AB - Trematodes recovered from Blennius gattorugine and Blennius sanguinolentus from the Gulf of Gaeta, Italy, are described and figured as Tyrrhenia blennii g.n. sp.n. The new genus differs from other members of the Arnolinae Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1958 (Halipegidae Poche, 1925) chiefly in having acetabulum equatorial, receptaculum seminis uterinum present and eggs without filaments. The diagnosis of the new genus Tyrrhenia and a key to genera of Arnolinae are given. PMID- 1233402 TI - [New parasite identified in Blennius sanguinolentus Pallas, 1811: Schikhobalotrema longivesiculatum sp. n (Haplosplanchnidae Poche, 1925)]. AB - Schikhobalotrema longivesiculatum sp.n from Blennius sanguinolentus Pallas, 1811 at Gulf of Gaeta (Italy) is described, figured and compared with other species of the genus Schikhobalotrema Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955. Schikhobalotrema longivesiculatum differs from Schikhobalotrema obtusa (Linton, 1916) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955, especially for sucker ratio, lobed ovary, seminal vesicle coiled and in larger size of eggs; from Schikhobalotrema pomacentri (Manter, 1937) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955 for lobed ovary, elongated seminal receptacle, smaller vitelline follicles and coiled seminal vesicle; from Schikhobalotrema sparisomae (Manter, 1937) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955 for elongated seminal receptacle, coiled seminal vesicle and extent of escretory vesicle. PMID- 1233401 TI - [Diffusion of pulmonary Nematoda in the steinbock (Capra ibex) and the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) at the Gran Paradiso National Park and the di Valdieri Reservation]. AB - The results obtained in a survey on the diffusion of pulmonary nematodes in 13 steinbocks (Capra ibex) and 71 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, and 49 chamois of the Riserva di Valdieri, Italian Western Alps, are reported. The following species of nematodes were identified: Spiculocaulus austriacus, Protostrongylus rufescens, Protostrongylus hobmaieri in steinbocks; Protostrongylus rupicaprae, Protostrongylus hobmaieri, Protostrongylus refescens,Protostrongylus sp., Spiculocaulus austriacus and Dictyocaulus filaria in chamois. The study of two species, viz. Spiculocaulus austriacus and Protostrongylus sp., is still in progress because these nematodes show morphological peculiarities never previously described. PMID- 1233403 TI - [Seasonal variations in microfilarema and effects of ambient temperature in dogs parasitized by Dirofilaria repens]. AB - 1 - Dogs infected with Dirofilaria repens from Italy were found to show seasonal variations in the number of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. 2 - The rise in the number of microfilariae occured in August and September and is coincidental with the higher probability of trasmission. 3 - Rise and fall of microfilaraemia was induced experimentally by exposure of the host to high and low temperatures respectively. 4 - The importance of such variations in microfilaraemia is stressed in relation to the evaluation of the infection from a clinical, pharmacological and epizoological point of view. PMID- 1233405 TI - [Experimental research on the biological cycle of Phyllodistomum elongatum Nybelin, 1926 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901)]. AB - Experimental infection of Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus have demonstrated that Cercaria duplicata von Baer, 1827 is the larval form of Phyllodistomum elongatum Nybelin, 1926 and that the life-cycle occurs between Anodonta cygnea (intermediate host) and Tinca tinca or Carassius auratus (final host) without a second intermediate host. The life-history experimentally completed in the laboratory occurs in the following way: -- adult in the ureters of Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus; -- mother sporocyst and daughter sporocyst of Phyllodistorum elongatum in Anodonta cygnea give rise to the large-tailed rhopalocercous cercaria; -- metacercaria encysted within transformed tail in water. PMID- 1233404 TI - [A new Acanthocephala Breizacanthus ligur sp. n. (Palaeacanthocephala: Arhythmacanthidae Yamatugi, 1935) parasite of some species of benthic fishes from the Ligurian Sea]. AB - Breizacanthus ligur sp.n. is described and figured from several benthic fishes from the Ligurian Sea. The host species are: Argentina sphyraena, Chlorophthalmus agassizi, Gadiculus argenteus, Phycis blennoides, Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus, Capros aper, Callionymus phaeton, Helicolenus dactylopterus. The parasites were considered as belonging to the family Arhythmacanthidae Yamaguti, 1935 and to the genus Breizancanthus Golvan, 1969. Breizancanthus ligur differs from the only two known species of the genus B. irenae and B. chabaudi for the number of longitudinal rows of hooks and-or numbers of hooks in each longitudinal row, arrangment of cement glands, length of body and lenght of male genital apparatus ratio, lenght of female genital apparatus and shape of embroyophore. PMID- 1233406 TI - Pyloro-duodenal atresia. A report of three families with several similarly affected children. AB - Seven patients born with pyloro-duodenal atresia are reported, one had an additional atresia of the small and large bowel, and another had a pneumoperitoneum probably secondary to rupture of the stomach. All patients had the same radiological findings and had no air distal to the pylorus. Consanguinity was elicited in four and a familial incidence of an identical malformation in siblings in six. 6 of the 7 patients were operated on and 4 are living and well 6 months to 5 years later. This report raises the total number of published cases of pyloro-duodenal atresia to 46, and provides further evidence for an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. PMID- 1233408 TI - Renal parenchymal radiographic measurement in infants and children. AB - An analysis of the urograms of 433 pairs of normal human kidneys performed on patients ranging from birth to 80 years was carried out with the object of relating the mass of the renal parenchyma to the overall size of the kidney at different ages. Statistical analysis of the results showed that there was a highly significant difference in the ratio of mass to overall size in the age periods of 0-5 and 5-10 years, with a significant difference in the third quinquenium. Adult proportions are not reached until the latter half of the second decade of life. Recognition of this aspect of the process of maturation of normal kidneys is essential if radiographic measurement is to be used as a means of estimating kidney damage in the very young. PMID- 1233407 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. AB - Urographic, arteriographic and B-mode echographic findings in a four-year-old girl with tumefactive xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are reported. Review of our case and those that preceded it illustrates that when a localized mass in a functioning kidney is encountered radiographically in a child, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be included in the preoperative differential diagnosis. Nephrectomy may then be avoided. PMID- 1233409 TI - Abnormalities associated with orificial insufficiency of prostatic ducts in infants and children. AB - 48 boys examined with urethrocystography on all together 129 occasions and shown to have orificial insufficiency of prostatic ducts were studied for associated for associated abnormalities. In 44 cases the insufficiency could be attributed to urinary infection complicating urethral obstruction or neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder or to any one of these three abnormalities alone. The age at which the insufficiency occurred, the time it persisted, and the extent to which it involved the prostate were also studied. PMID- 1233410 TI - Strain gauge plethysmography for blood flow measurements in the legs of children. AB - The arterial resting flow, the arterial peak flow after 3 minutes of circulatory arrest to the leg, and the venous emptying rate were studied by strain gauge plethysmography in the calves of 85 children between 3 and 16 years of age. Most of the children had heart disease; therefore the values obtained can be regarded as reference values only for this type of patient.--The reproducibility of the results of the flow measurements was favourable and equal to that found in the examination of adults and of children using water-filled plethysmographs. --All of the flow functions investigated were significantly higher in the younger children and--but not always significantly--higher in boys than in girls. There was no difference between sides as regards arterial flow, whereas the venous emptying rate was significantly lower in the left calf. --Strain gauge plethysmography is recommended for assessment of circulatory complications after vascular catheterization in children aged 4 years or older. PMID- 1233411 TI - The radiological pattern associated with the trisomy of the short arm of chromosome No 4. AB - A fairly constant constellation of roentgen anomalies has been detected in the skeleton of 9 patients with the trisomy of the short arm of chromosome No 4. The more common changes involve the skull, spine and pelvis, while the limbs, as well as the internal organs, are less affected. Microcephaly, hypertelorism, small and closed sella, malocclusion, scoliosis, "square" vertebral bodies, narrow iliac wings, wide iliac angles and narrow acetabular ones, coxa valga, medial recumbency of the proximal tibial epiphysis and retarded bone age are usual findings. PMID- 1233412 TI - Radiological manifestations of the Cornelia de Lange syndrome. AB - This paper describes the radiological findings obtained in 20 patients with the Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The pattern profiles of the hand skeleton were studied in these patients, using the method described by Poznanski et al. This study revealed a short first metacarpal bone, combined with relatively long third and fourth metacarpals, to be the most characteristic feature of the syndrome. No radiological characteristic was found to be pathognomonic of the syndrome, but the combination of a deformed proximal metaphysis of the radius with the above mentioned abnormality in the pattern profile of the hand is described as highly suggestive of the Cornelia de Lange syndrome. PMID- 1233413 TI - Cephalothoracopagus syncephalus: pre-natal roentgenographic diagnosis. PMID- 1233414 TI - Selective adrenal venography in an infant with virilizing adrenal cortical carcinoma. AB - Selective adrenal venography in a 10 month old infant with adrenal cortical carcinoma and virilizing symptoms demonstrated grossly dilated, irregular tumor veins. This was an unexpected finding as at aortography no adrenal arteries which would allow selective catheterization, and only very small neoplastic vessels were seen. PMID- 1233416 TI - Spinal cord injury in the newborn infant. AB - Birth injury to the spinal cord secondary to traction forces during delivery is a common but frequently undiagnosed disorder. The injury usually affects the cervicodorsal junction, with both extradural hematoma and direct cord damage at that level. Clinical findings of a paraplegic infant with abdominal breathing are sometimes obscured by secondary pneumonia and/or hypoxia. Radiologic manifestations include a bell shaped chest indicative of loss of the external muscles of respiration; spinal roentgenograms are usually normal. Myelography in neonatal spinal injury demonstrates a block in the subarachnoid space; infrequently localized cord atrophy may be identified. PMID- 1233415 TI - The value of barium enema in establishing nature and level of intestinal obstruction. AB - In cases with obscure abdominal symptoms, potentially obstructive in nature, barium enema constitutes a valuable supplement to the routine abdominal plain film examination. The method, extended to include a reflux examination of the distal part of the small bowel, offers an important alternative to the frequently employed follow through examination, whenever the indications for immediate surgical exploration remain conditional. In the hands of radiologists accustomed to hydrostatic reduction of intussusception, the procedure yields a fast and safe differentiation between adynamic and mechanical ileus. PMID- 1233417 TI - The diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency rickets. AB - A clinical, radiological and biochemical study of 300 Cape coloured out-patients in order to clarify the diagnosis of rickets and to establish its incidence in the specific ethnic group selected, is presented. 95 Cases (31.6%) were diagnosed as suffering from rickets. Analysis of the results indicates that radiological examination is necessary to confirm or exclude the clinical diagnosis. The most useful biochemical parameter is the serum level of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 1233418 TI - Delayed hemopericardium following penetrating foreign body into the aorta. AB - A four and a half year old girl with delayed appearance of traumatic hemopericardium, detected radiologically despite misleading clinical manifestations, is presented. The presence of cardiomegaly and a needle in the right upper mediastinum on the chest roentgenogram and its partial motion together with diminished cardiac pulsations at fluoroscopy led to angiocardiography. The radiological demonstration of hemopericardium due to the needle penetrating the aortic root, enabled successful surgical intervention. PMID- 1233419 TI - Renal enlargement associated with infectious mononucleosis. AB - A 5 1/2 year old boy developed severe infectious mononucleosis (I.M.) with fever and hepatitis persisting for eight weeks. The diagnosis of I.M. was confirmed serologically by the development of a heterophile antibody and an ox cell hemolysin. During the acute illness, bilaterally enlarged kidneys were noted by intravenous urography even though the patient had no significant clinical or laboratory evidence of renal disease. Fifteen months following discharge, clinical and laboratory findings were normal and the kidneys had decreased markedly in size. PMID- 1233420 TI - The 'septation sign' in multicystic dysplastic kidney. AB - The case report is presented of a neonate with a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. An intravenous pyelogram revealed septations throughout this kidney with late pooling of contrast media within the cystic structures. The pathological data stresses the presence of normal appearing glomeruli interspersed between the dysplastic cystic parenchyma. The possible etiologies for the septation sign and pudding phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 1233421 TI - Comparative assessment of clinical, roentgenological and anatomicopathological pulmonary findings in prematures and newborns. AB - The clinical, roentgenological and pathologicanatomical findings in 101 deceased premature and newborn infants, delivered in the years 1968-1971, have been studied by transferring the data on to punch cards for the purposes of comparison and analysis. A full or partial conformity of the X-Ray findings with the pathologic-anatomic diagnosis was found in 72 cases. It has been concluded that a distinct radiomorphologic substrate is often caused by a combination of various pathologic-anatomical changes. PMID- 1233422 TI - Radiological manifestations of lung echinococcosis in children. AB - Echinococcosis of the lung should always be kept in mind when evaluating masses seen in the chest radiograms of children, since the disease is not a rarity. The radiological signs and its differential diagnosis are considered, emphasizing the possibility of the masking of a hydatid cyst by a superimposed pneumonia. The importance of verifying the presence of echinococcosis before deciding on puncture of the lung is stressed. PMID- 1233423 TI - Radiographic findings in esophageal atresia with proximal pouch fistula (type B). AB - Patients with esophageal atresia and proximal pouch fistula have plain films that simulate esophageal atresia without fistula. Clinical suspicions of the existence of the proximal pouch fistula may occur when marked aspiration of barium occurs following outlining of the proximal pouch, or by choking spells during irrigation of the proximal pouch. Outlining of the fistula from the pouch requires some form of continuous imaging, either with T.V. tape, cine or 70 mm. spot films. Of interest is the fairly long distal esophageal segment found in the three cases reported, as opposed to the usual short segment of the distal esophagus seen in infants with esophageal atresia without fistula. PMID- 1233424 TI - Supralevator imperforate anus with unusual associated anomalies: colonic ureteral ectopy, intraluminal calcified meconium. AB - This case illustrates a complex of congenital ano-rectal and renal abnormalities not previously reported. Colonic ureteral ectopy, an extremely rare occurance, was also found in this patient and an explanation of the probable embryogenesis is proposed. The roentgen pattern of intraluminal calcified meconium is also illustrated. PMID- 1233425 TI - Congenital megalourethra. AB - Congenital megalourethra, an anomaly of the penile urethra, is discussed, and 15 cases from the English literature are reviewed. The relationship of this anomaly to other abnormalities of the genitourinary system is stressed. PMID- 1233426 TI - Cerebral abnormalities in the oral-facial-digital syndrome. AB - This is a report of three cases of the oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome with accompanying severe cerebral abnormalities. Among 150 reported cases of this syndrome, 16 had accompanying documented cerebral anomalies including porencephalic cysts, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and cortical hypoplasia. Although mental retardation is a prominent feature of this syndrome, neuroradiologic workup is infrequent. In view of the frequency of associated cerebral abnormalities (13%) of OFD syndrome, neuroradiologic evaluation is valuable as a guide to prognosis and therapy for these children. PMID- 1233427 TI - The skull in metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Jansen. AB - For some reasons skull findings in Jansen's Metaphyseal Dysplasia have been largely neglected. A survey of the seven known cases (three of them being primarily observed and described by two of the authors) disclose important and constant alterations, namely pronounced basilar thickening and sclerosis, prominent supraorbital and zygomatic arches, underdevelopment of the paranasal sinuses with sclerosis of the adjacent bone, and hypoplasia of the mandible. These alterations give rise to distinct and fairly specific features. The relationship to other craniotubular disorders, such as craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, craniometaphyseal dysplasia, and frontometaphyseal dysplasia is discussed. PMID- 1233428 TI - Retrosternal density: a sign of pulmonary hypoplasia. AB - An anterior increased density, that parallels the posterior border of the sternum, was noted on the lateral radiograph of two children who were at first thought to have an accessory diaphragm. After a long follow-up and further investigations, it is now felt that this sign is solely due to upper lobe hypoplasia. PMID- 1233429 TI - Congenital oesophageal stenosis distal to oesophageal atresia. AB - Two cases with both oesophageal atresia and stenosis in the lower part of the oesophagus are reported. --The stenoses are congenital and most likely can be classified as malformations. --The stenoses had no clinical significance until the children began to eat solid food. Foreign bodies, which had been arrested in the oesophagus above the stenosis had to be removed several times. The importance is stressed of always including the distal oesophagus at the roentgenologic investigation of children with troubles after operation for oesophageal atresia. PMID- 1233430 TI - Cysts of the omentum. AB - Omental cyst is a rare lesion occurring primarily during childhood and young adulthood. It is closely related to mesenteric and retroperitoneal cysts, all conditions most likely being of congenital or benign neoplastic lymphatic origin. Omental cysts usually present as abdominal distention of long duration, less frequently as a palpable abdominal mass. Rarely they cause an acute abdominal surgical crisis clinically resembling appendicitis with peritonitis. Two cases are reported, one with acute and one with chronic symptoms. The clinical and radiologic features of omental cyst are reviewed in order to increase awareness of this entity. PMID- 1233432 TI - Relationship between urinary infection and orificial insufficiency of prostatic ducts in infancy and childhood. AB - A review of the radiographs obtained at 200 unselected micturition urethrocystographies in boys revealed orificial insufficiency of prostatic ducts (OIPD) in 29. Urinary infection had been demonstrated in 131 these cases including all of the boys with OIPD except one, who had neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder. --In one boy OIPD was discovered at the age of 7 weeks following treatment first for neonatal sepsis and then for urinary infection, both caused by the same phage type of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteriologic examination of the blood and urine had suggested recovery, but further investigated disclosed survival of the bacteria in the prostate. PMID- 1233431 TI - Subepithelial hemorrhage in the renal pelvis and ureter simulating pyeloureteritis cystica. AB - Two children are presented with similar appearing small urographic defects in the ureter and renal pelvis similar to pyeloureteritis cystica. In one patient with aplastic anemia who died the abnormalities represented areas of subepithelial hemorrhage. Another child had clinically diagnosed Henoch-Schonlein purpura and the defects were probably due to subepithelial hemorrhage. PMID- 1233433 TI - The severe recessive form of pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia. AB - Genetic and clinical heterogeneity within the category of pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia is discussed. Clinical and radiological findings are presented in a family where 4 out of 7 siblings, aged between 3 and 10 years, had a severe form of the condition. The parents had short stature without any signs of pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia. Inheritance in this family appears to be recessive, with a possibility that the abnormal allele may be partially manifest in heterozygotes. PMID- 1233434 TI - The aspect of trauma in the bone changes of congenital lues. AB - A prospective study of 112 children with syphilis showed changes more typical of trauma in 35 children than the usual radiographic findings ascribed to congenital lues. No similar changes were present in a control group. 'Battering' as such seems to be excluded, but the survey suggests luetic bones are more fragile, and part of luetic bone disease is traumatic in origin. PMID- 1233435 TI - Liposarcoma of the renal capsule in a 7 year old girl. AB - An unusual case is reported of a liposarcoma of the renal capsule in a 7 year old girl. Initial radiological studies revealed a fatty tumor related to the lower pole of the kidney. Selective renal angiography located the tumor to renal capsule and demonstrated its malignant nature. PMID- 1233436 TI - Tuberous sclerosis: a case report with aortic aneurysm and unusual rib changes. AB - An unusual case of tuberous sclerosis with thick sclerotic ribs, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms and sacrococcygeal chordoma is described. The patient has been followed for 17 years and the radiographic features of the ribs and especially the aortic aneurysms are unusual features of this condition. PMID- 1233437 TI - Percutaneous catheterization of the femoral vessels in children. I. Influence on arterial peak flow and venous emptying rate in the calves. AB - The influence of percutaneous catheterization of the femoral vessels on the arterial peak flow (APF) and the venous emptying rate (VER) of the calves was studied with strain gauge plethysmography in 112 children 2-16 years of age, who underwent arterial (49 cases) or venous catheterization, mostly because of heart disease. The conditions on the catheterized side were compared with those on the other side, and the pre-catheterization values were compared with those obtained after completed catheterization. The catheterization procedure was proved to have no general influence on APF or VER, although it may have an effect in individual patients. APF was not affected at arterial or venous catheterization in children older than 8 years of age. In the younger children, APF was slightly decreased on the catheterized side after arterial as well as venous catheterization. This was considered to be caused by arterial spasm. On the following day APF was normal. A few patients in this age group had a marked reduction in APF caused by intense spasm or thrombotic occlusion after arterial catheterization. These patients will be accounted for separately. VER on the catheterized side was not significantly influenced after venous or arterial catheterization, irrespective of the age of the patients. PMID- 1233438 TI - Congenital left posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia with previously normal chest x-ray. AB - Three patients who presented with left congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia at the ages of six months, two years and six years and who had a normal chest x-ray earlier in life are reported. In two children the late onset of symptoms and previously normal radiographic appearance might be explained by the spleen acting as a plug in the diaphragmatic defect. A normal chest x-ray in early infancy does not exclude the diagnosis of congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 1233439 TI - Technique of measurement of the cardio-thoracic ratio. PMID- 1233440 TI - Benign lymphoid polyps of the rectum. AB - Benign lymphoid polyps are a rare histologic entity and should not be confused with malignant disease of the colon and rectum. Although retention polyps are the single most common type of colonic polyp in children, the presence of multiple clustered polyps in the rectum should alert the radiologist to the possibility of benign lymphoid polyps. A representative case is described and a review of the pediatric experience with this entity is discussed. PMID- 1233441 TI - Renal hypoplasia and dysplasia: a radiological and pathological correlation. AB - Forty-nine cases of congenitally small (hypoplastic) or maldifferentiated (dysplastic) kidneys have been reviewed. From a detailed consideration of the radiological and pathological data in these patients a classification of renal hypoplasia and dysplasia has been derived which is based not only on the abnormalities in the kidney, but also on the associated anomalies seen in the ureters and in the lower urinary tract. PMID- 1233442 TI - Angiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of renal cortical and medullary necrosis in the newborn. AB - Renal cortical and medullary infarction are 2 of the severe complications of perinatal asphyxia and shock. The angiographic and ultrasonographic findings in these conditions have not been described previously. They demonstrate nephromegaly, a nonhomogeneous nephrogram, and internal echoes. Similar findings may be seen in renal vein thrombosis, hydronephrosis, and polycystic kidneys. PMID- 1233443 TI - Stickler syndrome. Report of a second Australian family. AB - Three cases of Stickler Syndrome (hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy) in a family are described. This disease is caused by a dominant gene with incomplete penetrance, and shows variability in its symptomatology and clinical and radiographic findings among members of the same families. The radiographic appearances, although seldom diagnostic, are often suggestive of the disease or supportive in doubtful cases. PMID- 1233444 TI - Malformation of the iliac bone associated with intraspinal abornalities. AB - Two cases of intraspinal abnormalities combined with a characteristic unilateral protuberance of the iliac bone are reported. A search of the literature revealed only 2 other examples of this condition, but analysis of the associated findings in all 4 cases suggested a specific syndrome consisting of the iliac protuberance, other ipsilateral osseous abnormalities, and occult spinal dysaphism including intraspinal lipoma. PMID- 1233445 TI - Upper oesophageal web in childhood. AB - Two cases of upper oesophageal web in childhood are described. The importance of distending the upper oesophagus with barium for the demonstration of these lesions is stressed. PMID- 1233446 TI - Angiographic findings in a false popliteal aneurysm due to osteochondroma of the femur. PMID- 1233448 TI - Experiences of postoperative chylothorax in children. AB - Eight cases of postoperative chylothorax in children are discussed. The age of the patients varied between 5 hours and 18 months. Chylothorax was diagnosed between 3 and 14 days after operation. In 6 cases chylothorax was certainly due to damage to the thoracic duct, or other big lymph vessels in the lungs or mediastinum. These patients had no typical pulmonary changes before chylothorax developed. In 2 cases there was probably no damage to the lymph vessels, but the venous pressure in the upper part of the body was elevated by constriction of the superior caval vein. The anatomical prerequisites for chylothorax in these cases is discussed. In these patients, before chylothorax, pulmonary changes appeared in the radiograph interpreted as widened lymph vessels and caused by altered lymph flow at the periphery. If pulmonary changes of this kind appear in patients with elevation of pressure in the superior caval vein, this may be a sign that chylothorax may develop. The importance of early diagnosis is stressed. Drainage of the pleura with continuous suction has proved to be the therapy of choice. Direct operation has not been necessary in any of our cases. PMID- 1233449 TI - Accessory diaphragm. Report of 6 cases and a review of the literature. AB - Six cases of accessory diaphragm, associated with respiratory symptoms are reported and of them two have so far been proved, by operation and autopsy, respectively. The described 15 cases in the medical literature are reviewed. The accessory diaphragm consists of a fibromuscular membrane separating the affected hemithorax into two cavities and in three cases a nerve supply has been reported. The diagnosis can be made by simple frontal and lateral roentgenograms of the chest. Typically they show a small lung with shift of the mediastinum to the affected side, an area of increased hazy density, lack of sharpness of the mediastinal structures and the cardiac border on the affected side and a characteristic strip of increased density paralleling the sternum in the lateral view. Roentgenologic differential diagnosis includes lobar atelectasis and pulmonary hypoplasia. There is a high incidence of associated pulmonary maldevelopment of the ipsilateral side and of vascular and cardiac malformations. Improper timing in the interaction of lung buds and septum transversum with the development of a double diaphragm possibly is responsible for this rare congenital anomaly. Usually it is encountered on the right side. Since pulmonary maldevelopment maintains repeated or chronic respiratory infections, recognition and operative therapy are essential. PMID- 1233447 TI - Percutaneous catheterization of the femoral vessels in children. II. Thrombotic occlusion of the catheterized artery: frequency and causes. AB - The frequency of, and the conditions which contribute to a reduction of the arterial peak flow to the calves after percutaneous catheterization of the femoral artery were studied by strain gauge plethysmography in 98 catheterizations of children aged 2-16 years. Marked, rapidly disappearing flow reduction, considered to be caused by intense spasm in the femoral artery, occurred in about 5 per cent of cases. Flow reduction under these conditions was generally less marked than at thrombotic occlusion. Thrombotic occlusion of the femoral artery appeared in about 5 per cent of cases, mainly in the younger children and principally in those exposed to catheterizations involving increased risk of intimal trauma. This led to the conclusion that intimal damage is the primary cause of thrombotic occlusion of the femoral artery after catheterization. However, an increased haematocrit value may possibly also promote thrombosis. The arterial blood flow at rest was not abnormally decreased in cases with thrombotic occlusion of the femoral artery. The length of the stay of the catheter in the artery does not seem to be of importance for thrombotic complications. The results indicate that the best way to avoid thrombotic occlusion of the artery at catheterization is to take measures to reduce intimal damage. PMID- 1233450 TI - The significance of lung scintigraphy in anomalies of the pulmonary vascular bed. AB - Aplasia, hypoplasia and stenosis of the pulmonary artery showed, on scintigraphic investigation, unilateral, homogenous decreased in lung perfusion. In 3 of 4 children with pulmonary sequestration there was a difference in blood flow between the two lungs, or in one part of the lung. Isolated anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins does not produce deviations from the normal distribution of blood flowing from the right ventricle into the lungs. Analysis of scinitigraphic findings in 1450 children with cardiopulmonary disease has shown that with an otherwise unexplained marked homogeneous unilateral decrease in flow, we can with great certainty diagnose a developmental defect of the pulmonary vessels. Differences in lung area, judged from the scintigram, are a sensitive indicator of associated disturbances of development of the lung parenchyma. In 26 of 42 such developmental anomalies of the pulmonary vascular bed this finding was demonstrated. Pulmonary scintigraphy is a very valuable complementary method, because of its simplicity and relative safety for the patient, in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the pulmonary vasculature, especially in infants and young children. PMID- 1233451 TI - Absence and retention of small bowel gas in infants with midgut volvulus: mechanisms and significance. AB - The radiographic pattern of high intestinal obstruction--gastric and duodenal distension with absence of small bowel gas (ASBG) or a completely gasless abdomen -may be present in infants with midgut volvulus. In most instances, ASBG is associated with viable small bowel. However, when associated with abdominal distension and tenderness ASBG usually reflects strangulated midgut volvulus and bowel necrosis. In some patients with midgut volvulus there is a radiographic pattern of low small bowel obstruction; this is generally associated with necrotic bowel. These seemingly opposite observations can be explained by reviewing the dynamics of gas absorption in normal bowel and in closed loop intestinal obstruction. Impaired blood supply can result in either gaslessness or gaseous distension under differing conditions. Key words: Infant, intestinal tract, intestinal gas, intestinal obstruction, intestinal volvulus, malrotation, gasless abdomen. PMID- 1233452 TI - Perinatal haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. A clinical and radiological evaluation of 24 consecutive cases. AB - Up to 1970 only13 fully verified and successfully treated cases of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage were on record. As uniform diagnostic and therapeutic guiding principles are still lacking, our experience of 24 consecutive cases appears worth presentation.--The most frequent clinical signs were a palpable mass in 21 cases, jaundice in 14 patients and urinary infection or sepsis in 10 neonates.- Intravenous urography revealed the diagnosis with a reasonable degree of reliability in all our cases. No additional information of significance was obtained at aortography, employed in 2 of our cases.--Surgical exploration with drainage of the haematoma or adrenalectomy was performed in 18 cases, 6 were treated conservatively.--Recovery was uneventful in all but for one conservatively treated patient. In this case death was caused by a second profuse bleeding, which proved fatal in spite of all life saving efforts. PMID- 1233453 TI - Measuring the kidneys-practical applications using a growth and hypertrophy chart. AB - A graphic and practical method for displaying renal growth utilizes a growth hypertrophy chart. It is best suited for following renal growth on sequential intravenous urograms in patients with urinary tract infection, reflux and problems in which renal growth reflects the efficacy of therapy. The chart uses established standards for normal kidney length, and rates of growth and hypertrophy, and enables one to tell at a glance whether the renal growth is normal. Pitfalls both in the method of measuring the renal lengths and in the interpretation of the measurements are discussed. PMID- 1233455 TI - Pseudotumor of the nasal fossa secondary to mucoid impaction in choanal atresia. AB - An intranasal mass was discovered during evaluation of unilateral choanal atresia. Radiologic investigation of the lobulated cystic mass showed no communication with the central nervous system or any other bony abnormalities. During surgery for the choanal atresia, the mass proved to be a mucous impaction. The case illustrates the need to utilize decongestants and aspiration prior to instillation of contrast agent. PMID- 1233454 TI - Pre- and postoperative urographic findings in posterior urethral valves. AB - In a series of 65 male infants and children, all with the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves, pre- and postoperative urographic findings were reviewed. In addition changes occurring in the bladder, and the implication of vesico-ureteral reflux were assessed.--Preoperatively diagnosed impairment of kidney function and concommitant dilatation of the upper urinary tract, with some exceptions. Remained fairly unchanged at postoperative examinations In the case of marked vesico-ureteral reflux, permanent kidney function annihilation was significantly commoner than with slight or no reflux.--Although, as a rule, both the upper urinary tract and the bladder were affected, there were cases of posterior urethral valves with a normal appearing bladder. As the intravenous urography do not exclude the urethral abnormality, voiding cysto-urethrography has to be included in the primary radiological exploration of all cases with urological problems. Key words: Intravenous urography, non-functioning kidney, upper urinary tract dilatation, voiding cysto-urethrography, posterior urethral valve, bladder outflow obstruction. PMID- 1233456 TI - Congenital localized stenosis of the pulmonary veins. AB - One case of localized stenosis of the extrapulmonary portion of pulmonary veins is reported in a 3 years old child. The chest X-Ray showed a rounded and pulsatile opacification over the right hilum and on angiocardiography the right superior pulmonary vein looked very dilated. 20 other cases of segmental stenoses of pulmonary veins were collected from the literature. PMID- 1233457 TI - Mediastinal esophageal duplication cyst associated with a partial pericardial defect. AB - A two-year-old girl with a mediastinal esophageal duplication cyst is the twelfth example of a thoracic cyst of foregut origin or pulmonary "sequestration" (bronchopulmonary foregut malformation according to the expanded definition of Gerle et al.) that has been associated with a partial pericardial defect on the same side, suggesting that anomalous thoracic masses of several morphologic types have a similar pathogenesis. PMID- 1233458 TI - Lung hypoplasia and accessory diaphragm. PMID- 1233459 TI - [Immunologic prevention of rabies. IV. Experimental evaluation of antigenic efficacy of a vaccine obtained from the brain of suckling rats]. PMID- 1233460 TI - [Production of staphylococcal enterotoxin at a refrigerator temperature]. PMID- 1233461 TI - [Studies on the spread of influenza infection due to virus type A in the winter period 1974-1975 in Rome]. PMID- 1233462 TI - [Phage typing of S.typhi in Northern Italy in the period of 1965-1974]. PMID- 1233463 TI - [Duration of relaxation in the laryngeal and forearm muscles after succinyldicholine administration (author's transl)]. AB - During laryngeal surgery with succinyldicholine relaxation it was noticed that the effects of the drug faded most quickly in the laryngeal muscles. To substantiate this observation an electromyographic study was made in 36 patients. 116 comparable action potentials were simultaneously recorded from the interarytenoid and flexor carpiulnaris muscles on a 4-track magnetic tape. An analysis of the recordings showed that action potentials in the larynx always re appeared before those in the arm muscles. These results are different from those obtained by Spillmann who recorded action potentials in the tongue and arm. The time-lag between resumption of electrical activity in the larynx and the arm averaged 58 seconds. Possible causes of this difference are discussed. Succinyldicholine becomes effective 30 seconds after intravenous injection and its effects last 60-90 seconds. Recording the action potentials in the larynx during anaesthesia allows the accurate timing of further doses of muscle relaxants. PMID- 1233464 TI - [Retrograde venography by catheter approach of the internal jugular vein for analysis of the cerebral venous blood (author's transl)]. AB - Many problems arising during anaesthesia and intensive care therapy can be solved by an analysis of the cerebral venous blood. Retrograde venography of the internal jugular vein to the superior bulb was performed in 35 patients. The technique of catheterization, the radiological control of the position of the catheter, the anatomy of the cerebral venous system are described. The advantages of this technique over direct puncture of the superior bulb and the maximum time the catheter can be safely left in the vein are discussed. PMID- 1233465 TI - [Organized emergency medical aid (author's transl)]. AB - The decision to have medical attendance at accidents has changed the structure of the entire accident rescue service. Standardization (DIN) has provided the basis for efficient equipment and new legislation regarding the special training of orderlies as ambulancemen has ensured an highly expert emergency service personnel. The manifold duties of the emergency service physician are outlined. To perform them competently he needs not only a thorough knowledge of the various branches of medicine, especially of resuscitation and maintenance of vital function, but he must also be acquainted with techniques for the rescue and extrication of casualties and with radio-communication. Suggestions are made for the training of emergency medical personnel. PMID- 1233466 TI - [An unusual type of airway obstruction during endotracheal anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Cases of airway obstruction during endotracheal anaesthesia are analysed as to the causal factors. A case of airway obstruction is reported which was due to twisting of the inflating tube. This resulted in over-distension of the cuff and finally led to compression of the endotracheal tube. PMID- 1233467 TI - [Apparatus for the measurement of blood oxygen BOA 8O2. New method for simplified blood-PO2-measurements]. PMID- 1233468 TI - [Clinical investigations of the temperature effects of ketamine and halothane in children (author's transl)]. AB - In 68 from 1- to 14-years-old children rectal temperature was measured in Ketamine and Halothane anesthesia and with room temperatures ranging from 22-25 and 26-28 degree centigrade, while orthopedic repair operations were performed on the extremities. Independent of the quality of the premedication, which consisted either of Ketamine (Atropine or Thalamonal) Atropine a significant rise in temperature of 0,4 to 0,5 degrees C. was found within one hour of Ketamine anesthesia, but only with room temperatures of 26-28 degrees C., while with lower room temperatures (22-25 degrees C.) rectal temperature remained unchanged. The rise in temperature occurred both in Ketamine monoanesthesia with spontaneous respiration and in Ketamine-N2O-O2 anesthesia with respiration controlled. PMID- 1233469 TI - [A bacteriological study of the air in a surgical intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - The air in a surgical intensive care unit was analysed with the view of ascertaining the influence on the bacterial content of the air of such medical and nursing procedures as intubation, X-ray examination, bladder washout, massage, physiotherapy, bedmaking. By means of a Casella slit sampler, placed in the middle of the room, it was established that the activities mentioned above caused the bacterial count to rise by 35-310 percent above the hourly determined normal level. In some cases the count did not return to normal until 30 minutes later. Simultaneous determinations of the dust content of the air by means of a Royco particle counter showed fairly close correlation between changes in the number of particles (over 5 mu) and in the number of bacteria in the air. Petri plates exposed near the patient showed a definite relationship between medical or nursing activities involving that particular patient and the number of bacteria deposited on the plate. Continuous disinfection of the air by air-conditioning - cum-ultraviolet ray equipment succeeded in reducing the average bacterial count by 50 per cent although the figures varied in different parts of the ward. PMID- 1233470 TI - [Parameters of trauma at posterior subglottic region by long term translaryngeal intubation (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanical lesion is the beginning of inflammation and destruction in the posterior subglottic region in some cases of long term translaryngeal intubated patients. Beside movement of the tube, it is the pressure upon the posterior cartilage which is dangerous. The circumstances of that danger are studied. Practical proposals for reduction of subglottic complications are discussed. PMID- 1233471 TI - [Soft tissue calcification - a complication in intensive care patient (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper two cases of soft tissue calcification in patients suffering from severe head injuries are reported. The pathologic physiology of calcium and phosphate metabolism and possible causes of soft tissue calcifications are discussed. The value of prophylaxis is emphasized. If treatment by aluminum hydroxide or Na2SO4-infusions does not lead to success surgical treatment will be necessary. Presently therapy by vitamin D, diphosphonates and thyreocalcitonin is under clinical investigation. PMID- 1233472 TI - [Therapeutic problems in crush injuries (report of a case)]. PMID- 1233473 TI - [Tracheo-bronchial aspiration of foreign material by the unconscious patient (author's transl)]. AB - 180 cases of head trauma were classified according to the degree of impairment of consciousness, clinical and neurological symptoms and EEG patterns. Based on the radiological and clinical findings and blood gas analyses a study was made of the incidence and extent of aspiration of blood, vomit or debris into the tracheo bronchial tree and of the resultant pulmonary complications. As loss of consciousness became more complete the incidence of aspiration and the amount of material inhaled increased. Clinically and radiologically proven aspiration occurred in 60 per cent of cases of severe head trauma. A comparison of two groups after they had been given first aid and artificial respiration showed that the paO2 values were significantly lower in patients with radiologically proven aspiration and infiltration of the lungs than they were in those with normal chest radiograms. These observations point to the relationship between the quantity of material inhaled and the extent of intra-pulmonary shunting. There was no difference in the incidence of aspiration between persons who had been intubated and those who had not been intubated prior to admission to hospital. Although in many cases of head trauma aspiration of blood immediately after the accident can not be prevented prompt intubation is the only measure that will mitigate the consequences of aspiration and prevent its recurrence. As the latter is a very real risk in the unconscious person intubation in these cases is a "must". The study also showed that aspiration of foreign material into the tracheobronchial system and the resultant pulmonary complications can be successfully treated even if the head trauma is very severe. In none of the cases studied was death attributable to these causes. Apart from intubation and bronchial toilet artificial respiration with oxygen-enriched gas mixtures has a decisive influence on the course of the aspiration-induced pulmonary complications. PMID- 1233474 TI - [The profitability of various methods of desinfection for anaesthetic equipment (author's transl)]. AB - This is a presentation of the three most utilized methods of desinfection - steam, acethylenoxide aldehyde solution - for anaesthetic equipment as to their costs. During series of tests the wear and tear has been checked. The desinfection by aldehyde solution is worth the price as to the investigation, the current costs and the wear and tear. PMID- 1233475 TI - [Datascope 860]. PMID- 1233476 TI - [Electronic spirometry-equipment for lung function tests (Siregnost FD 10, Siemens AG, Erlangen)]. PMID- 1233478 TI - [Electroencephalographic changes during ethrane anaesthesia in children (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous electroencephalographic recordings were taken in 25 children who had ethrane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia without a basal anaesthetic. The recordings confirmed the repeatedly reported occurrence of certain abnormal wave patterns distinctive of seizures during ethrane anaesthesia. Although these dysrhythmias were more frequent and more pronounced at higher ethrane concentrations and during hyperventilation, sharp spikes began to appear already at concentrations of 1.0/p.c. without hyperventilation and at moderate depths of anaesthesia. In no case did the usual criteria for assessing depth of anaesthesia provide an indication of over-dosage. Although in the individual case there was a close relationship between the concentration of ethrane in the inhaled mixture and the electroencephalographic changes, the differences between the cases were too great to allow any prediction as to the concentration of ethrane that would bring on the dysrhythmia. Considering that increased cerebral oxygen consumption has been observed to accompany the abnormal wave patterns ethrane is not recommended for use in epileptic children or those with a familial history of epilepsy. PMID- 1233477 TI - [Clinical experience with ethrane anaesthesia in children (author's transl)]. AB - There was no difference between ethrane and halothane in respect of anaesthetic technique, except that on account of its physico-chemical properties induction and recovery was quicker with ethrane. Anaesthesia with this agent is, therefore, more easily controlled. Induction in children was rapid and non-irritating. The marked muscle relaxing effects of the drug carry some risk of impaired gaseous exchange in the spontaneously breathing patient. At higher concentrations ethrane, like all inhalation anaesthetics, is liable to cause respiratory depression. The cardiovascular system remained remarkably unaffected provided induction was slow, i.e. the concentration of ethrane was not too suddenly raised. The blood chemistry appeared to be unaffected, but the electroencephalogram showed certain changes the clinical significance of which has so far not been established. PMID- 1233479 TI - [Regional anaesthesia in the small child age (author's transl)]. AB - A plexus anaesthesia in a 6 hour operation by a 2.5 years old child is reported. The advantages of the regional anaesthesia in connection with a strong sedation in the age of young children are emphasized. PMID- 1233480 TI - [Computerized patient-monitoring in the O.R (author's transl)]. AB - The routinely performed data-aquisition and its analysis by means of a computerized patient-monitoring-system will reduce the repetitive and often monotonous task of data collection accompanied by accuracy and objectivity as much as possible. Another and equally important point for the anesthesiologists is to remove some of the pencil-and-paper burden, reduce the possibilities of human errors in reading instruments and note-taking and the rapid retrieval of monitored and stored data for the purpose of trend analysis. In detail this paper deals with two major systems (department of anesthesia, Latter-Day-Saints Hospital, Salt-Lake City, Utah, and the department of anesthesia, Center of System Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., U.S.A.) where the computer is used to extend present monitoring capabilities and frees the staff of those tasks which can be done more efficiently by a machine. It is shown that the more experienced the computer center and the less complex the programming will be, the more liable the anesthesiologist trapped in the routine work will profit from this device. The System in Salt-Lake City proved to be a reliable tool while the system in Stanford so far has shown only to be valid in the remote surveillance of nurse anesthetists in the OR. PMID- 1233481 TI - [The injured child in the intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - For children the circumstances of the intensive care unit (ICU) indubitably present a particular psychological stress. For a child awaking from a state of traumatic unconsciousness in the ICU, and who has to be further treated there, this is an even more powerful psychological extreme situation. Extreme situation of this kind is liable to provoke a particular abnormal psychic "emergency reaction". This reaction can follow the pattern of a faigned-death reflex and in a such a way mime a coma vigile (apallic state). The circumstances and the interaction of factors responsible for the arise of such a primitive reaction are discussed. With the help of a representative case the clinical manifestations, course and treatment of the pseudo-apallic syndrome ("Sleeping Beauty syndrome") are presented. The important role of ICU staff for the prevention and treatment of such reactive disturbances are emphasized. PMID- 1233482 TI - [A modulator-demodulator system for long-term reception of bioelectric signals using normal commercial tape recorders]. PMID- 1233483 TI - [Spinal injection simulator]. PMID- 1233484 TI - [Anaesthesia and cerebral hypoxia (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of intravenous and general anaesthesia on the cerebral circulation and metabolism are reviewed. The various anaesthetic agents differ both quantitatively and qualitatively in their action on the brain. The pathophysiology of raised intracranial pressure is discussed and the risks involved in the use of certain anaesthetic agents in cases of reduced intracranial compliance are emphasized. Details are given of the safe limits for induced changes in pCO2 and arterial pressure. PMID- 1233485 TI - [The effect of ketamine on haemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption in anaesthetized dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Ketamine is an induction agent. This experimental study was designed to investigate the immediate effects of ketamine upon haemodynamics, inotropism and myocardial oxygen consumption during induction. In a circulatory steady state of a piritramide - nitrous oxide - oxygen basic anaesthesia normoventilated dogs (n = 8) received intravenous injections of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg ketamine within 30 sec at random. Immediately after administration of 10.0 mg/kg ketamine the cardiac output (thermo dilution method) rose (27%) on account of tachycardia while the total peripheral resistance (40%) and the mean arterial pressure (23%) decreased. The decrease in stroke volume (37%) and the inotropic parameter dp/dt max (42%) as well as the increase in the end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (31%) and in the pressure of the pulmonary artery (11%) suggest considerable myocardial depressor properties of ketamine. The change in haemodynamics was paralleled with an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (47%), which was initially met by an increase in coronary blood flow (25%) and an additional oxygen utilization (20%). The increase in arterio-coronary venous oxygen difference is believed to be due to a constriction of the coronary arteries after ketamine. Since external cardiac work remained unchanged,while myocardial contractility and myocardial wall tension (Psyst) decreased, the increase in heart rate (63%) explains the rise in myocardial oxygen consumption. The efficiency of cardiac work, which is defined as the ratio of myocardial displacement work to myocardial energy demand, decreased (31%) and illustrated the uneconomic work of the heart under the influence of ketamine. The clinical utilization of the data obtained from this study are discussed. PMID- 1233486 TI - [Ketamine - a cardiovascular stimulating agent with direct cardiodepressant action (author's transl)]. AB - Induction anaesthesia with 2 mg/kg of ketamine causes the well-known increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Simultaneous registration of the systolic-time intervals (PEPI, LVETTI, PEP/LVET = Q), however, reveals a biphasic effect of ketamine on these contractility-parameters: an initial increase of PEPI and Q, representing a cardiac depressive effect of ketamine, is followed by a decrease of PEPI and Q, indicating a positive inotropic action of ketamine. Injecting the same dose of ketamine during the steady-state of a halothane-N2O:O2-anaesthesia, that causes a depression of the central and peripheral sympathetic activity, however, results in an increase of PEPI and Q, only. Thus, ketamine is a cardiac depressive agent, this effect, however, usually being overlapped by a centrally induced cardiac stimulation. PMID- 1233487 TI - [The reaction of the cardio-circulatory system during the introduction of the modificated NLA (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of Etomidate are examined during the introduction of a modificated NLA. The following parameters are registrated: Heart Rate, Arterial and Mean Arterial Pressure, Pulmonary and Mean Pulmonary Pressure, and Cardiac Output. The Total Periphere Resistance and the Tension-Time-Index are calculated. Apart from a short moment during and immediately after intubation a remarkable constancy of all parameters is found. The alpha-receptor-blocking effect of Etomidate and DHB and the resulting decrease of the Total-Periphere Resistance are compensated by infusion of a colloidsolution. Myoclonias are not observed. Etomidate may be regarded as a drug with few effects on the circulation. It may be thinkable, that by means of Etomidate even in shock a careful introduction is possible. PMID- 1233488 TI - [Gaschromatographic examination of the expired air after anaesthesia with halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane (author's transl)]. AB - The concentration of anaesthetic gases in the expired air was studied for up to 17 days in patients who had been anaesthetized with methoxyflurane, enflurane or halothane. The estimation were made by means of gaschromatography. The rate and duration of elimination of the anaesthetic via the lungs depends on the fat stores of the patient (as calculated by the body weight/stature ratio), the length of anaesthesia and the Lutz index (calculated average concentration of the inhaled anaesthetic). The concentration of anaesthetic gases in the expired air fell steeply during the first 12 hours after anaesthetic and then decreased more gradually. The drop in concentration during the first 24 hours was steepest for methoxyflurane, followed by halothane and enflurane in that order. The results are in fair agreement with the rate of metabolization of the three anaesthetic agents. The investigation showed that during the first after anaesthesia appreciable quantities of anaesthetic gases are eliminated via the lungs and, consequently, released into the air of the recovery room. PMID- 1233489 TI - [ECG leads using disposable electrode-plates]. PMID- 1233491 TI - [Environmental factors in thyroid pathology]. PMID- 1233490 TI - [Fully programmed pocket computer HP-65]. PMID- 1233492 TI - [Variations of glucocorticoids and androgens during prolonged exertion]. PMID- 1233493 TI - [Thyrotropin function of the veteran sportsman]. PMID- 1233494 TI - [Variation of the blood levels of neurophysins during passive orthostatism in man: influence of syncopal phenomenon and dihydroergotamine injection]. PMID- 1233495 TI - [Variation of blood cortisol during muscular effort]. PMID- 1233496 TI - [Metabolic and hormonal responses of exercise as a function of physical training in different environmental conditions]. PMID- 1233497 TI - [Influence of the environment on the circaidan rhythm of the hypothalamo pituitary-adrenal system in man]. PMID- 1233498 TI - [Annual and circaidan rhythm of blood testosterone and sexual activity of 5 young healthy adults]. PMID- 1233499 TI - [Ecological regulation of luteal function in mammals with different ovum implantation]. PMID- 1233500 TI - [Incidence of diabetes in ethnic groups]. PMID- 1233501 TI - [Puberty and ethnic groups]. PMID- 1233502 TI - [Living conditions and the endocrine diseases]. PMID- 1233503 TI - [Influence of dietary fats on sensitivity of the endocrine pancreas to glucose]. PMID- 1233505 TI - [Psychogenic amenorrhea and the role of the environment]. PMID- 1233504 TI - [Effects of alcohol on endocrine glands]. PMID- 1233506 TI - Immunology. PMID- 1233507 TI - Hypertension and insurance. PMID- 1233508 TI - Why the conclusions of the University Group Diabetes Project are incorrect. PMID- 1233509 TI - Rehabilitation-goals, methods and results. PMID- 1233510 TI - Symposium: paramedical facilities. PMID- 1233511 TI - Influence of chemical stimulation of central dopaminergic system on the open field behaviour of rats. AB - Influence of some substances known to selectively modify the brain levels of dopamine, was studied on the Open Field behaviour in rats. Of the agents studied, I-dopa, benztropine and amantadine showed some similarity with amphetamine in exhibiting a high degree of complex stereotyped behaviour in rats. The complex stereotyped behaviour due to amphetamine and the similarity shown by these antiparkinsonian agents has been explained on the basis of brain dopamine levels. On the other hand apomorphine depressed the Open Field behaviour and produced a typical stereotyped biting in rats. Since 6-hydroxydopamine significantly prevented this biting behaviour, it has been suggested that the action of apomorphine is dependent on the presence of (i) functional state of catecholamine neurons and (ii) a separate receptor, responsible for the behavioural actions of apomorphine. PMID- 1233512 TI - [The Eppendorf mood and drive scale (author's transl)]. AB - A self rating scale to reflect the course of manic-depressive psychosis. The subject of this report is the development of a self rating scale which assists in performing time series analysis of the course of manic-depressive illness which does not lead to a global depressivity score but generates both a mood score and a drive score. This instrument is designed to compile long-range series and to study the situation of manic-depressive mixed states (mood and drive separation). PMID- 1233513 TI - [Psychotropic agents and pathological ECG changes (author's transl)]. AB - 1. An epidemiological research programme was carried out on a collective of 1752 psychotic patients from eight psychiatric hospitals during the period from October 1970 until February 1973. The possible relationships as to the intensity of pathological ECG changes and such factors as sex, age, the administration of tricyclic and non-tricyclic psychotropic agents with or without the combination of glycosides, the potency of neuroleptics and their clinical structure, were investigated. 2. No statistical significance could be established between pathological ECG changes and such factors as administration of tricyclic and non tricyclic psychotropics with or without the combination of glycosides, or the potency of neuroleptics and their chemical structure. With a higher age the frequency of ECG changes increases independent on psychotropics. 3. The difficulties of interpretation, in particular regarding a generalisation of the results, are discussed. PMID- 1233514 TI - [The problem of animal models for psychiatric conditions, as illustrated by the immobilization reaction (catalepsy) in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - According to Venables the span of psychotic processes extends from a low level of arousal with an increased reactivity toward sensory stimuli to a high level of arousal with a reduced reactivity toward sensory stimuli. The level of arousal and the degree of reactivity, or breadth of attention, are apparently controlled by a regulatory mechanism which increases the threshold for sensory input in threatening situations. Any factor producing an electroencephalographic arousal reaction leads to a narrowing of attention. Underestimation of the size of a given object is an expression of such a reduction in the span of attention. Various authors have found a reduction in size-constancy in schizophrenics, in particular in patients exhibiting a merkedly reduced contact with their environment. A model is described in which a strong sensory stimulus induces a state of immobilization in rats treated with a low dose of morphine. Electroencephalographic recordings show that the initial state of arousal induced by peripheral stimulation is replaced by high-amplitude slow-waves and spindles as the state of immobilization develops. The current results suggest that the sensory stimulation leads to excitation of the ascending reticular formation and via the Centrum medianum and the Nucleus centralis, to activation of the striatal system, resulting in catalepsy. It would thus appear that the reticular formation and the striatum alternate in excercising a control function over the state of arousal. This would be a logical way of limiting over-reaction, which can be demonstrated most simply on the motoric response. It seems justified, therefore, to assume a relationship between catatonic stupor and the immobilization induced by stimulation. This concept is supported by the observation that of all the compounds investigated only clozapine is capable of inhibiting the immobilization in the rat model. Clozapine is a powerful antipsychotic agent with a pronounced inhibitory effect both on the reticular arousal reaction and on the schizophrenic catatonia. PMID- 1233515 TI - [Therapeutic effect and plasma level of thioridazine in schizophrenic patients (author's transl)]. AB - 1. In 18 Patients the plasma concentration of the neuroleptic drug thioridazine was measured twice a week by a fluorometric method during a period of treatment lasting for an average of 27 days. At the same time the psychopathological findings were recorded by means of the AMP system. 2. A significant correlation was found both between dosage per kg body weight and plasma level, and between age and plasma level. No connection with the sex of the patient could be demonstrated. 3. A curve-linear correlation appears to exist between plasma concentration and remission of symptoms. 4. In the course of the trial the plasma concentrations of thioridazine declined though the dosage was kept constant. This observation indicates an increased metabolism of the drug probably brought about by enzyme induction. In two cases where previous liver damage could be assumed, the plasma concentrations were found to be above the average level. PMID- 1233516 TI - Renal lithium, sodium, potassium and water excretion and plasma renin activity in rats in the cold. AB - A rise in urine volume and in the urinary excretion of lithium and sodium but not of potassium was observed in rats exposed to a cold environmental temperature (4 degrees C) for 3 hours. The level of plasma renin activity after the clerance test was correlated to the urine volume, but not to the electrolyte composition in the urine. The observed changes in the renal elimination of electrolytes and water corresponded to the effect that a cold environmental temperature has on kidney function in man. The results suggest that renal lithium clearance might be elevated in humans during exposure to cold. PMID- 1233517 TI - Mental illness and simulated driving: before and during treatment. AB - By use of a car simulator we have tested the driving behaviour of 46 inpatients before and during treatment. On the basis of the presence of psychotic symptoms the patients were divided into a psychotic and a non-psychotic group and matched according to age, sex, and driving experience. Before treatment the psychotic group had a statistically significant prolongation of brake time in such a way that their performance deteriorated more markedly over trials. During treatment there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, indicating that antipsychotic drugs given to psychotic patients do not impair their driving, but on the contrary increase the vigilance. PMID- 1233518 TI - [Blockade of the dopamine receptor: a possible mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Antipsychotic drugs of various types inhibit dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) while structurally related drugs that were not clinically effective as antipsychotic drugs were almost inactive. These results are discussed in relation to the suggestion that antipsychotic activity may be related to the blockade of dopamine receptors in the brain. PMID- 1233519 TI - Oral diazepam in hospitaized anxiety patients (with observations on concentration effect-relationships). AB - The anxiolytic efficacy of oral diazepam, 30 mgs. daily, was investigated in newly admitted psychoneurotic patients, suffering from an anxiety syndrome. A double-blind cross-over design against placebo was used. Ratings were performed weekly using the Hamilton scale for anxiety and other scales. Diazepam was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo for the abatement of the global anxiety syndrome, as objectively and subjectively rated. The symptoms most sensitive to its action are: anxious mood, psychic tension, behavioural unrest, insomnia and respiratory complaints. Side effects were few. Using Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) a significant concentration-effect-relationship was found for diazepam (d) and desmethyl-diazepam products (dd). (rs (d) = .35; p less than .02; rs (dd = -.29; p less than .05). PMID- 1233520 TI - Therapeutic usefulness of hallucinogenic drugs as a function of their chemical structure. AB - D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) displays (1) the phenylethylamine pattern present in mescaline, cyclazocine and catecholamines and (2) the 4-substituted tryptamine structure of psilocybin which is a serotonin analog. Hence (a) Naloxone--a blocker of the LSD-like side effects of cyclazocine--should (and does) block effects of LSD, and (b) cross-tolerance may be present between LSD and cyclazocine but not between mescaline and psilocybin. Even though LSD binds subcortically, its effect on regional perfusion of the brain and, presumably, function is primarily cortical and, since the perfusion shifts evoked by psilocybin are confined to subcortical regions, we assume that other compounds with the phenylethylamine structure such as mescaline, also may selectively affect cortical activity. PMID- 1233521 TI - [Clinical effects of moderate and high doses of carpipramine (author's transl)]. AB - An open trial of Carpipramine which chemically is a synthesis of a tricyclic antidepressant and the side chain of a butyrophrenone has been performed in 75 acute and chronic schizophrenics over a period of 30 days. The daily dose was 400 800 mg exeeding the recommendations of the manufacturer. The psychopathological changes were documented and evaluated by means of the AMP and the AMPAS-system. In 50 of the patients the trial could be completed. Only the productive symptoms and disturbance of sleep showed a significantly decreased frequency before day 10. It seems remarkable that the symptom of somatic hallucinations responded very rapidly under treatment with Carpipramine. Significant sedative or extrapyramidal side-effects were not observed; anticholinergic effects were moderate. There seems to be evidence of a slight centrally stimulating component. The substance cnnot be classified as a typical neuroleptic nor as an antidepressant drug. A differential action depending on the initial syndrome constellation is discussed. PMID- 1233522 TI - [The use of the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) by overall and gorham for the diagnosis of acute paranoid psychoses: evaluation of a german translation of the BPRS (author's transl)]. AB - A German translation of Overall and Gorham's "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale" (BPRS) has been used to select patients with acute paranoid psychoses for a drug trial and to evaluate the results of the treatment. The BPRS proved very useful in screening, and as a reliable method to judge the global therapeutic outcome. The total score showed a high degree of interrater reliability; it also reflected a marked decrease of psychopathological symptoms at the end of the trial. Interrater correlation coefficients were lower than 0.7 in 9/16 items. This may be due to the somewhat unprecise and ambigous formulation of several items. The average BPRS profile of patients with "paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia" were similar to those published by French authors for the corresponding diagnosis. PMID- 1233523 TI - [Oral glucose tolerance test in schizophrenics under long-term neuroleptic treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 58 schizophrenics under long term treatment with different neuroleptic drugs. 74% of the patients showed hyperglycemic reactions. The results did not show any correlation to the age of the patients. The oral glucose tolerance test using 100 g of glucose is recommended as routine procedure instead of the unreliable results of the fasting blood sugar determination. Several hypotheses related to the action of neuroleptics on glucose metabolism are discussed. The authors suggest that glucose tolerance tests and body weight controls should be carried out regularly under long-term neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 1233524 TI - Monoamine oxidase and free tryptophan in human plasma: normal variations and their implications for biochemical research in affective disorders. AB - A methodological study of healthy subjects was conducted to investigate factors influencing plasma free tryptophan and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The following changes were found during the menstrual cycle: free tryptophan was lower during the "ovulatory" phase than during the "premenstrual" phase, MAO activity was 20% lower during the "premenstrual" phase as compared with the "neutral" phase (days: menses-24 to -1). During pregnancy MAO activity was also lower than the values found six weeks postpartum. MAO activity in women was significantly higher than in men and exhibited greater variability. A circadian rhythm for free tryptophan was observed (minimum at midday, maximum at midnight). No diurnal variation in MAO activity could be established. Preliminary data from untreated endogenous depressive patients showed no difference in free tryptophan concentrations at 8 a.m. or 4 p.m. from control values. PMID- 1233525 TI - The rate of excretion of VMA in depressed patients before and after the administration of methionine. AB - The results of a previous experiment in which the relationship between VMA excretion in the 24-hr-urine and a depressive syndrome was found were examined on the basis of the following hypothesis: 1. The patients of the present study show an increased VMA-excretion, because there are more depressed patients than in the previous experiment. 2. The amount of excreted VMA correlates positively with the degree of severity of their depression. The mean value of the VMA-excretion in the urine of 20 depressive patients of the present study corresponds to that obtained from the depressive patients in the previous exploratory experiment. The degree of severity of depression of the patients correlated with the VMA excretion. Patients with an increased VMA-excretion were significantly more often treated with antidepressive drugs than those with normal VMA-values. PMID- 1233526 TI - Clinical pharmacology and the prescription of psychotropic medication. AB - There are many reasons why once a day oral dosage may be advantageous in administration of psychotropic drugs to mental patients, such as convenience for the patient, avoided side effects, ease of remembering, all of which contribute to reliable dosage as well as cost savings. This paper illustrates cost data, pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs, and suggests a basis for determining adequate pill size for unit dosage. On a cost per milligram basis, there is economic savings if medication is prescribed in the largest size the patient can conveniently take. Pharmacological data support a rationale for higher unit dosage. They indicate a dose response relationship between dose and therapeutic effectiveness and probably a blood level relationship. The long half-life indicates that once-a-day medication is a reasonable dosage schedule. The most important evidence for once-a-day medication, however, is the empirical evidence that it works, and is safe. Dosage information from double blind investigations provides a basis for determining adequacy of pill size for antipsychotic therapy. PMID- 1233527 TI - Higher unit dosage of psychotropic drugs. AB - The realities of the marketplace dictate that pharmaceutical companies seek to develop higher unit dosage forms. Technical problems not infrequently hinder such development. In low doses once-a-day medication with psychotropics is possible and practical. The potential for adverse reactions frequently renders it desirable to divide higher daily doses into two separate doses, one given in the morning and the other in the evening. PMID- 1233528 TI - Higher unit dosage of psychotropic drugs. AB - The questions involved in higher unit dosage of psychotropic drugs are made concrete in writing the Dosage and Administration Section of package inserts for drugs. The author outlines a number of problems in recommending specific changes in conventional dosage regimens. He suggests that a major reason for reluctance to adopt new regimens using less frequent dosing is the relative paucity of data demonstrating that less frequent, higher dosing is as effective as conventional regimens. Intrinsic methodological and pharmacological problems make it difficult to generate such data for psychotropic drugs. Nonetheless, recommendations for less frequent, higher, psychotropic dosage regimens will become more common in package inserts. PMID- 1233529 TI - Obstacles in implementation of higher unit dosage of psychotropics drugs. AB - Practitioners, nurses, pharmacists and patients themselves must be considered in a discussion of higher unit dosage of psychotropic medication. Physicians need postgraduate education to overcome their reluctance to prescribe higher unit dosages. Nurses need in-service training regarding principles in clinical pharmacology to comply with changing prescribing practices. Higher unit dosage leads to less medication error and frees considerable nursing time. Pharmacists face a problem in inventory costs, therefore are reluctant to stock a variety of dosages. Patients taking multiple medications in high dosages hesitate to take large numbers of low dosage pills, thus patient compliance is enhanced with higher unit dosage. Blood level data on formulations of higher unit dosage should be the basis of FDA considerations, rather than treating a higher unit dosage as a new drug. The final responsibility in providing higher unit dosage rests with the pharmaceutical companies. However, the introduction of higher unit dosage should not be used as a justification to increase cost per milligram of the same medication. Utilization of a different salt to introduce a higher unit dosage should be done only if there is substantial difference between the new salt and the one already available. PMID- 1233530 TI - [Are neuroleptic drugs anticarcinogenic? (author's transl)]. AB - Statistical methods seem to confirm the impression that a connection exists between the administration of neuroleptic drugs and a lowered cancer mortality rate. However, further analysis shows that the neuroleptic group and the controls represent two distinct populations which cannot be compared with each other. PMID- 1233531 TI - [Psychometric effects of perphenacine below the "neuroleptic threshold" (author's transl)]. AB - The extrapyramidal-motorical side effects of neuroleptic drugs are preceded by subtle symptoms, the assessment of which is dependent on the methods used. For the evaluation of several such methods of assessment we compared the results of the handwriting test (Haase, 1969) with EMG-measurements of the silent period and psychometric measurement of aiming-, tapping-, and reaction-time-tests. Twenty normal subjects were tested four times in a double blind study in order to control the short- and long-term effects of a low dosage of perphenacine. Slight but significant drug-dependent changes were found, such as decreases of steadiness and of the speed of arm-hand-movements. From the theoretical point of view these results support a dimensional approach rather than an explanation in terms of a categorial approach as it is suggested by the commonly used notion "neuroleptic threshold". PMID- 1233532 TI - Spectral maps of the Liege-physiognomies of the neuroleptics. AB - Spectral mapping is a classification technique that has been applied to the Liege physiognomies of the neuroleptics. The method makes use of a special projection that separate potency from spectral information. Principal component analysis revealed a dominant component resembling a bipolar incisive/sedative scale. A second antimanic/antiautistic scale is apparent in the revised. Liege physiognomie. Spectral mapping allows to compare observations on neuroleptics in different frames of reference and from different methodologies (e.g. clinical and pharmacological). PMID- 1233533 TI - Obesity. PMID- 1233534 TI - Nutrition and diseases of the nervous system (including psychiatric disorders). PMID- 1233535 TI - [Mother-child relations in epilepsy]. AB - 30 mothers of epileptic children and a control group of 30 mothers of healthy children were tested with the 'Semantic Differential' regarding their attitudes towards the concepts 'Mentally III', 'Epileptic', 'Diabetic' and 'My child' in relationship to the concept 'A person I like' as a clearly positively charged affective variable. The social distance to the disease carriers was, in opposition to equal-ranking tendencies of the various concepts of disease in both groups, smaller for the experimental group than for the control group. Regarding the atitude of the mothers to their own children, mothers of the experimental group demonstrated the following defense mechanisms: rationalization, denial and reaction formation. Specific attitudes in the areas of child rearing and anomalies in family relation were also revealed with help of the PARI scales. The approval of an active and positive child-rearing method was found to be in opposition to hostile tendencies with regard to their children. PMID- 1233536 TI - Enduring effects of modified ECT on the cerebral circulation in man. A computerized study by cerebral impedance plethysmography. AB - The response of the cerebral circulation to modified ECT was monitored by computer programmes in 18 psychotic patients using cerebral impedance plethysmography. Each patient was recorded daily prior to, during and following the course of ECT. Results indicated that ECT was accompanied after 2 h by a marked increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in depressed patients; the schizophrenics showed a decrease in CBF. Patients whose blood flow had improved tended to return to previous levels progressively during the first week. PMID- 1233538 TI - Clinical treatment of post partum delirium with perfenazine and lithium carbonate. AB - Despite the development of psychopharmaceutical therapy, post partum delirium was difficult to treat. The patients remained psychotic for long periods and the course was of the disease capricious due to the many relapses. A comparative study of two groups, one consisting of 6 patients and the other of 13, all with a typical post partum delirium was carried out. The symptomatic treatment of this syndrome with a combination of perfenazine and lithium carbonate produced relatively favorable results in our clinic. For the time being, at any rate, it seems to be the medication of choice. PMID- 1233537 TI - Blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in patients with schizophrenia. AB - 55 patients with schizophrenia were divided into three groups according to the clinical symptoms: (1) productive schizophrenias, i.e. patients with hallucinations, catatonic excitation and stupor; (2) paranoia and schizophrenia simplex, and (3) non-productive schizophrenias, i.e. patients with schizophrenic defects and hebephrenia. Total cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the rates of cerebral oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and lactate metabolism were investigated. Patients with productive schizophrenias displayed a significant increase in CBF (to an average of 101.4 ml/100 g min), CMR oxygen (to an average of 6.26 ml/100 g min) and CMR glucose (to an average of 12.11 mg/100 g min), i.e. CBF and CMR oxygen nearly doubled and CMR glucose more than doubled in comparison with normal findings. In patients with paranoia and schizophrenia simplex CBF and oxidative metabolism did not vary much and were within the normal range. Non productive schizophrenias showed a significant decrease in CBF (to an average of 36.7 ml/100 g min), CMR oxygen (to an average of 2.20 ml/100 g min) and CMR glucose (to an average of 3.86 mg/100 g min) in comparison with both other groups of schizophrenias and the group of healthy young men. The results demonstrated variations in CBF and oxidative metabolism of the brain in patients with distinct types of schizophrenia. It was possible to find a correlation between the mental state of the psychosis on the one hand and CBF and metabolism on the other. The high CBF and metabolic rates of the brain in productive schizophrenias might be due to disturbances in the cerebral metabolism of biogenic amines. PMID- 1233539 TI - [Presentation of information for the diagnostic-therapeutic decision of the psychiatrist]. AB - So far, little systematic work had been done to investigate how information regarding psychiatric cases should best be presented in order to facilitate important medical decisions. For each of three groups of diseases: (a) schizophrenic reaction, paranoid, (b) manic-depressive, depressed, and (c) anxiety neurosis, we have described four different cases, systematically varying both quantitatively and qualitatively the information in each description. Categorical judgement was given by 15 psychiatrists on a nine-step rating scale with regard to three dimensions. In order to investigate the constancy of the judgements, the method of scaled pair comparisons was used according to the law of comparative judgement. After examination of the adequacy of the scaling models, the following results, among others, were obtained from the scale scores: the discrimination of the two cases of psychoses was highly significant, that of the anxiety neurosis was not significant. PMID- 1233540 TI - [Induced "acarophobia"]. AB - Although only ablut 240 cases of 'acarophobia' are on record in zoological and medical literature, it can be seen that this delusional syndrome without doubt leads to psychoses of association more frequently than any other mental disturbance. The literature contains many references, and the author can give two examples from personal esperience. At least every sixth patient suffering from delusions of parasitosis 'infects' relations. This really remarkable tendency to spread by psychological contagion on one or more dependent persons has been ignored by many writers. The supposition that such occurrences are very rare proves to be false. Sometimes the associated who acquired the symptons in an absolutely identical fashion seem to be more worried by the vermin they hallucinate than the initiators are. The number of patients constituting an affected group is following a Neyman distribution. Emphasis is laid on the finding that the proportion of consanguineous persons within the sample of patients who showed an induced delusion of parasitosis is by far less high than in other psychopathological forms of communicated insanity. PMID- 1233541 TI - [Incidence of Agriostomus vryburgi Railliet, 1902, in cattle of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Nematoda, Anajeostomidae)]. PMID- 1233542 TI - [Phlebotomus of Peru (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) I. Department of Cuzco: I. Description of 3 new species]. PMID- 1233543 TI - [Phlebotomus of Peru (Diptera, Psychodidae, Plebotomus) I. Department of Cuzco: 2. Description of Lutzomyia sherlocki females and redescription of male and description of the female of Lutzomyia octaviei]. PMID- 1233544 TI - [Phlebotomus of Peru (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae. I. Department of Cuzco: 3. Description of the male and redescription of the female of Lutzemyia (Psychodepygus) amazonensis (Root, 1934) and list of the species collected]. PMID- 1233545 TI - Identification of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes during mouse development by agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1233546 TI - [Vaginal adenosis]. PMID- 1233547 TI - [Adenosis and vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 1233548 TI - [Pregnancies of high fetal risk. II. Evolution of fetoplacental function in intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy by means of urinary excretion of estriol]. PMID- 1233550 TI - [Pregnancy of high fetal risk. Meaning of estriol in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1233551 TI - [Detection of healthy carriers in progressive muscular dystrophy 24 families]. PMID- 1233549 TI - [Determination of lutenizing and folliculostimulating hormone by radioimmunoanalysis in patients with amenorrhea]. PMID- 1233552 TI - [Neural conduction of the median nerve in normal and undernurished newborn infants]. PMID- 1233553 TI - [Importance of the environment in low-birth-weight infants]. PMID- 1233554 TI - [Idiopatic nephrotic syndrome. Histopathological and clinical studies on 12 clinical cases]. PMID- 1233555 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical analysis of 7 cases]. PMID- 1233556 TI - [Plasma levels of ceruloplasmin and copper in children with hepatic damage]. PMID- 1233557 TI - [Iatrogenic fibrosis of the quadricep]. PMID- 1233558 TI - [Battered child syndrome. traumatological aspects]. PMID- 1233559 TI - [Broad clinical variation of carbohydrate intolerance in childhood]. PMID- 1233561 TI - [Maternal lactation]. PMID- 1233560 TI - [Various deliberations over zinc and its clinical importance]. PMID- 1233562 TI - [Methods and hypotheses used for the telemetric study of critical epiletic behavior]. PMID- 1233563 TI - [5 aspects of the behavior of children learning to read]. PMID- 1233564 TI - [Variations of human pattern-evoked potentials (P.E.P.) in a reaction-time situation: influence of vigilance and motor activity]. PMID- 1233565 TI - [Conditioning of evoked potentials in normal, mentally retarded, and autistic children]. PMID- 1233566 TI - [Contingent negative variation and spatial discrimination in children]. PMID- 1233568 TI - [The influence of interference on the post-imperative phase of the CNV]. PMID- 1233567 TI - [The motor readiness potential during estimation of time]. PMID- 1233569 TI - [An unusual electroclinical aspect observed during treatment with L-dopa]. PMID- 1233570 TI - [EEG surveillance of young epileptics using telemetry: technical and methodological aspects]. PMID- 1233571 TI - [Meningoradiculitis and polyradiculoneuritis: clinical and EMG correlations]. PMID- 1233572 TI - [Electromyographic and histophatologic study of skeletal muscle in cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 1233573 TI - [Simultaneous studies of somatosensory cerebral evoked potential and Hoffman's reflex after recent spinal cord lesions]. PMID- 1233574 TI - [EEG discussions in a diagnosis of eclampsia]. PMID- 1233575 TI - [Technics and preliminary results in the telemetric recording of children presenting with paroxysmal features]. PMID- 1233577 TI - [Medical jargon. Philological comment]. PMID- 1233578 TI - [Concepts of functional anatomy and surgery]. PMID- 1233579 TI - [The commercialization of medicine]. PMID- 1233576 TI - [Reflexologic study of the mode of action of a myorelaxant: LCB 29]. PMID- 1233580 TI - [Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis. Clinical case in twins]. PMID- 1233581 TI - [Methemoglobin diaphorase and reduced glutathione in undernourished infants]. PMID- 1233582 TI - [Jaundice in a family with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. PMID- 1233583 TI - [Anatomy of the popliteal muscle]. PMID- 1233584 TI - [External saphenous vein (morphological varieties)]. PMID- 1233585 TI - [Septic shock]. PMID- 1233586 TI - [Results of portocaval anastomosis in the treatment of hemorrhages from liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1233588 TI - [Double aorta]. PMID- 1233587 TI - [Subcellular changes in essential fatty acid deficiency in experimental conditions and in man. Bibliographic review]. PMID- 1233589 TI - [Bronchiogenic carcinoma in women]. PMID- 1233590 TI - [Latentiation of therapeutic drugs. VI. Preparation of l-amino-4-naphtylazoic ambonates of schistosomicides]. AB - With the purpose of obtaining latent forms, with prolonged action and less toxic, of four schistosomicidal 1-amino-4-naphthylazoderivatives synthesized early, embonates of these compounds were prepared by reacting disodium and tetrasodium embonates with hydrochlorides of the four naphthylazoderivatives. The eight embonates thus obtained were sent for biological assays. PMID- 1233591 TI - [Latentiation of naphthylazoderivatives by polymerarization]. AB - Five naphthylazoderivatives (of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamonomethoxine) -- the first four displaying schistosomicidal activity -- were latentiated, in the form of polyamides of acrylic and methacrylic acids, by reacting those compounds with these polymers. In biological tests in mice experimentally infected by Schistosoma mansoni, the new nine compounds were found to be inactive. However, the original method of latentiation described in this paper has possibilities of wide application, owing to its favourable features: versatility of the reactive group of the polymer, lability of the bond (easily hydrolyzable) formed between drug and polymer, greater viability of reaction between the polyanhydride and the drug, and solubility in water of the polymers thus formed. PMID- 1233592 TI - [Synthesis and biological trial of 1-methylene-4-naphthylazo polymer derivates]. AB - With the purpose of preparing latent forms of six naphthylazoderivatives (five of them are schistosomicidal agents), polymers of these chemotherapeutic agents were synthesized in a two-step reaction. First, polymeric 1-methyleneaminonaphthalene (II) was synthesized by condensing 1-naphthylamine with formaldehyde. Subsequently, coupling of II with five sulfonamides (of which four are moieties of schistosomicidal agents) and 5-aminouracil (which is a part of another schistosomidical agent) yielded polymeric 1-methyleneamino-4 naphthylazoderivaties (IIIa-f). In bioligical tests in mice experimentally infected by Schistosoma mansoni, the six new polymers were found inactive. PMID- 1233593 TI - [Contribution to food microscopy of Anacardium occidentale L, Carica papaya L and Myrciaria cauliflora (Martius) Berg]. AB - With a view towards food microscopy the authors present an anatomical study of the pseudofruit of Anacardium occidentale L., the fruit of Carica papaya L., and the fruit of Myrciaria cauliflora (Martius) Berg. Drawings illustrate the text to facilitate identification of the corresponding hystologic elements found in industrialized products. PMID- 1233594 TI - [Bromatological characteristics of pecan nuts (Carya illinoensis Koch) cultivated in Brazil]. AB - The A. studied pecan nuts cultivated in Brazil: two samples represented North American varieties and three others Brazilian hybrids. The comparison between physical classification and chemical composition, specially amino acid contents pointed to non significant differences, all beeing useful for commercial purposes. The A. stresses the importance of the culture of pecan nuts in Brazil. PMID- 1233596 TI - [Preliminary bromatologic study of sorghum grains cultivated in Brazil]. PMID- 1233595 TI - [Evolution of the total volatile basis and trimethylamine in fish and their use as an indicator of its quality]. AB - The authors followed trimetylamine (TMA) and Total Volatile Basis (TVB) evolution in some Brazilian fishes during ice storage at 4 degrees C for 15 days. The fishes studied were: Micropogon furniere, Umbrina canosai, Centropomus undecimalis, Cysnoscion acoupa; samples were taken and analyzed each 48 h. Each species was stored eviscerated (E) or not-eviscerated (NE) in order to estabilish a possible advantage of on board evisceration. The results showed a log. relation between TVB or TMA percentage in the fish tissues and the days of storage; Mathematical models were established for predicting "storage life" for each fish out the basis of its amine content. Evisceration, immediatly after capture retarded deterioration and seem to be a useful practice. PMID- 1233597 TI - [Preliminary study of 3 algae of the Ulvaceae family from the Mae Luisa beach (RN)]. AB - Samples of marine algae from Brazilian coast were analysed for the proximate composition, calcium, phosphorus, iron and aminoacids. Ulva fasciata, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Enteromorpha flexuosa have been studied, specimens being collected at "Mae Luisa" beach in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, between the months of September and November 1973. Quantitative determinations of the aminoacid composition of each were made and a comparison of the results pointed to the similarity of composition of all species examined. Limiting aminoacids were methionine, lysine, isoleucine, tryptophan and cystine, except for Enteromorpha intestinalis and Enteromorpha flexuosa, in which triptophan and cystine, respectively, were not limiting. PMID- 1233599 TI - [Methods of studing intestinal absorption in vivo and in vitro]. AB - The authors describe a simple method for the perfusion of everted and in situ intestine. The technique offers the same advantages of other methods and allows the measurement of the uptake of substances from the intestinal lumen and estimates the absorption by the intestinal wall. The technique affords the biochemical studies of the action and effects of drugs on the mechanism of the intestinal absorption. PMID- 1233598 TI - [Determination of total protein levels in the liver and the heart of normal and ytterbium chloride treated female rabbits]. AB - The authors study the effects of ytterbium chloride on the levels of total liver and heart proteins of rabbits. The results showed that in the rabbits treated by yterbium chloride, the total proteins founded in treated animals was lower than those observed in normal ones. PMID- 1233600 TI - [Morphology and anatomy of the leaf of Cybistax antisyphilitica (Martius) Martius, Bignoniaceae]. AB - The anatomical study on the leaf of Cybistax antisyphilitica (Martius) Martius was perfomed. It is used in folk medicine. A comparative analysis with other organs of the same species, which is native in Brazilian flora, was made. In the leaf plentiful inclusions of reside oil were found whose chemical composition and pharmacodynamic effects are little know. PMID- 1233601 TI - [Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in blood donors of Natal (RN)]. AB - The authors present the results of survey to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 183 sera samples from donors in five blood banks in Natal -- Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence test. In this survey 151 reactive cases were found, starting with the titer of 1:16, in a rate of 82,5%. Considering as valid dilutions only titers equal or superior to 1:256, the rate found is of 43.7%. The higher titer found was 1:16.000 (1.3%). In the examined cases, the minimal age was 17 and maximal, 58. The age of most donors (91 cases) ranged from 21 to 30 years. Comparative studies were carried out with similar inquiries performed in other regions. PMID- 1233602 TI - [Zur beruflichen Rehabilitation schizophrener Patienten]. AB - The article reports on the results of vocational rehabilitation efforts in 399 schizophrenic patients. The criterion for assessing the rehabilitation outcome was a regular job for at least three months after discharge from the hospital - which was achieved in 51% of the schizophrenics as compared to 63% of the control group. In the majority of cases good rehabilitation results could be achieved only by placement in a job which, compared with the previous position, required less skills. In analysing the rehabilitation success in its relation to different variables it was noted that the diagnostic assignment to paranoid types of schizophrenia was positive whereas the opposite was found in the cases of hebephrenic courses and defective conditions. As a rule, better success could be achieved with older patients, which is attributed to vocational stabilisation before the onset of the disease. More effective than the correlation with diagnostic and psychopathological data was the examination of the relationship between success and the variables 1) social background and 2) attitudes. Very negative factors turned out to be social origin and milieu conditions, economic and family situations, the states of unemployment at the time before admission and an insufficient adjustment to the training programme. No correlation could be found between success and a longer history of employment. Social isolation could be largely eliminated through the therapeutic family milieu offering identification possibilities. In addition, the study revealed the importance of a continuous psychosocial follow-up care. PMID- 1233603 TI - [Some thoughts on the assessment of work capacity during therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The "Gesetz uber die Angelichung der Leistungen zur Rehabilitation" (Act on the Harmonisation of Rehabilitation Services) requires that during the implementation of any medical rehabilitation measure the possibilities be examined as to whether vocational rehabilitation services (training, assistance in job finding, assistance at work in the present job, occupational change within the company) can contribute to maintaining, improving or restoring the earning capacity. It is neither expected nor possible to make an accurate assessment of all occupational abilities. The evaluation can be made only for particular functions and skills. Also, it is not necessary that precise concepts concerning goals and type of vocational rehabilitation measures already be developed during the medical phase of rehabilitation. However, it is imperative to know whether the previous occupation can be maintained without jeopardizing the earning capacity, or whether vocational rehabilitation services are needed. In the latter case, the financially responsible agency for the rehabilitation process needs to be informed on work performance limitations, occupational risks and skills existing for a particular job. Furthermore, professionals working in facilities with psychological and vocational therapeutic units can give their opinion on the suit ability of particular rehabilitation measures. View-points are discussed, which contribute to a clarification of the employment history and performance picture. The patient has to be informed of the effects of his disability and the progress which can be achieved, in order to motivate him to undergo vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 1233604 TI - [Return to Vietnam: spinal cord injured children shall be an example (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233605 TI - [Some considerations on the rehabilitation of children with craniocerebral trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233606 TI - [Some considerations on the rehabilitation of the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - This paper presents the conditions, possibilities and success rates in the rehabilitation of the elderly. Comparisons are made between two large groups of elderly people with chronic diseases. It is shown that 34% of the chronically ill, so-called "nursing home cases", could be rehabilitated after an average stay of 510 days in a rehabilitation centre. Old age is no hindrance to perseverance in medical rehabilitation. The methodical approaches in medical rehabilitation of the aged are described. Finally, suggestions are made as to how physicians in hospitals could be convinced of the promising prospects of rehabilitating elderly, chronically ill people. PMID- 1233607 TI - [Today's treatment of aphasia--a travel report (author's transl)]. AB - A visit was made to representative centres for the treatment of aphasia in five European countries and information gathered on their organisational structure. Instructional material and rehabilitation techniques were compared and a number of therapeutic methods identified. In this context it was noted that, due to a number of interesting approaches, the therapy of aphasia seems to be extensible and in many ways open to modifications. PMID- 1233608 TI - [Prognosis and long-term prognosis of epidural haematoma (a study of 83 patients) (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Early detection and treatment of epidural haematoma is vital to the chance of survival. In this respect physician's training needs to be improved. 2. The operation method of choice, particularly in the case of advanced midbrain lesions, is the extensive decompression operation (hemicranectomy) with duraplasty. In each case it is imperative to pay special attention to the relationship between blood pressure and brain perfusion until the state of decompressive is reached. 3. Late complications such as a disturbed circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid may occur and should be prevented by a shunt operation. 4. ECG changes are still detectable even after many years. However, they give little indication on the patient's tendencies to fits. Post-traumatic cases of epilepsy may even occur more than five years after injury. 5. Patients suffering from epidural haematoma are in need of careful medical, psychiatric and social care for many years after injury, even if they seem to have been restored both neurologically and psychiatrically at the time of hospital discharge. PMID- 1233609 TI - [Typing efficiency of dysmelic children in Bochum (author's transl)]. AB - First of all, the article reports on experiences made with dysmelic children undergoing typing instruction as presented in professional literature. Then follows a discription and comments on the outcome of a study, encouraged by "Aktion Sorgenkind", in which a training programme was tailored to the individual movement potential of eleven dysmelic children, and resulted in their mastering the recommended movement patterns two years after the end of the course. The observed loss of typing efficiency was due to the lack of practice in higher education schools, as a result of which suggestions are made for the introduction of restructured special education procedures. PMID- 1233610 TI - [State planning in rehabilitation (author's transl)]. AB - In developing a network of facilities for the rehabilitation of the disabled, the State has to provide assistance in the coordination and planning of services. When granting financial support to particular projects, the public authorities should not let themselves be guided by local initiatives alone, but also by more important viewpoints of state development planning. In this connection the regional policy with its tendency to decentralise is playing a decisive part. It is supplemented by the policy of development planning. Such specialised planning is demonstrated in the booklet "Workshops for the disabled in Baden-Wurttemberg - a situation and requirement analysis" - published in January 1975 by the Bundesministerium fur Arbeit, Gesundheit und Sozialordnung, Baden-Wurttemberg. It includes: (1) an inventory of the number, size and types of existing places in workshops in the external and internal fields, (2) a complete address list of the workshops and their financially responsible agencies, (3) a requirement analysis for the years 1974-1980 comprising of statements on financial resources designed to satisfy the additional demand, (4) a concept guided by general principles and goals of town and country planning as well as recommendations for adequate location and for approaches towards an interlinked system of workshops. PMID- 1233611 TI - [A factoranalytical study of spa patients' attitudes towards their treatment (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of a standardised questionnaire 558 patients under spa treatment for three weeks, at different spa clinics of the LVA Wurttemberg, were asked for their attitude towards the treatment. All metric variables were subject to a factor analysis the result of which was three factors orthoganically placed to one another. We called them "factor of overall satisfaction with the stay at the spa clinic," factor of disinterested, and "factor of respectful and satisfactory communication between patients under treatment and the clinical staff." PMID- 1233612 TI - [The blind as a factor in the labour divisioned world (author's transl)]. AB - The problems faced by blind adolescents when leaving special schools to enter employment differ considerably from those encountered by people who lost their sight during adulthood. The realisation of the fact that their blindness leaves little occupational choice often results in job apathy. It is, however, especially work capacity and occupational activity which serve again and again, in discussions on the full integration of the blind, as proof of the visually impaired's equal position within society. In particular W. Thimm has proved that blindness has a decisive impact on the social position of the individual blind person as well as the whole disability group of the blind, because this is essentially determinated by the employment status. The individual job performance of some blind is generalised too rapidly. The fear that jobs carried out by the blind are jeopardised by the increasing automation is certainly not unfounded, especially in large enterprises. At present, however, it is not possible to make a prognosis on whether in the future job opportunities for the blind will be available or not in certain branches of industry or in specific branches of production (this varies from one firm to another and is dependent upon many other factors). Consequently, it seems to be necessary for institutions involved in the vocational training of the blind to adjust in due course to the new situation in the theoretical and practical implementation of rehabilitation. PMID- 1233613 TI - [What happens to paraplegics? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - The article presents the results of re-examinations performed on 120 persons with spinal cord injuries due to industrial accidents. Comparisons were made between paraplegis and paraparetics with varyingly long histories of spinal cord damage. Examined was: independence in daily life activities, walking ability, frequence and type of complications, and employment. It was surprising that spinal cord injuries with incomplete lesions were relatively more often associated with complications than paraplegia, the most frequent complication being the urinary tract infection. As was to be expected, all groups of paraparetics were more independent in their daily living activities than the paraplegics. Walking ability diminished with age and also the length of time since injury. Whereas in the sample group D (up to five years after injury) only spinal cord injured persons with incomplete lesions were gainfully employed, in the groups A-C (up to 20 years after injury) the total of 13 paraplegics with complete lesions had a job. PMID- 1233615 TI - [Psychotherapy accompanying vocational counselling sessions (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on psychotherapy accompanying counselling sessions for patients undergoing in-patient psychotherapeutic treatment. With respect to the practical implementation of vocational counselling sessions, the experiences gained within this framework are summarised in three principles: (1) Psychotherapy accompanying vocational counselling sessions are contraindicated if they relate to a partial aspects of problems which so far have not been therapeutically treated. (2) The sessions should take place at the final stage of treatment. (3) The recommendation for a job change should only be given if two conditions are (simultaneously) met: a) the patient can no longer cope with his job and is dissatisfied with it. b) There must be (at least) one alternative job for which the prospects are more favourable. The communicative situation (counsellor, therapist, social worker, employment office, and financially responsible agencies) is discussed as well as the specific behavioural patterns of the patient (acting out, indolence, tremendous demands, wish to have an adjunct therapy, need to safeguard himself. PMID- 1233614 TI - [Changes in the urogenital tract of spinal cord injured patient--uro-check-list applied to representative subjects (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a URO-CHECK-list drawn up by the rehabilitation centre Tobelbad near Graz, 120 spinal cord injured persons were re-examined with the purpose of identifying changes in the urogenital tract. The classification and evaluation of the urological complications revealed a surprisingly high percentage of severe changes which had occurred during the first decade after the accident. As a consequence, it must be ensured that spinal cord injured persons receive yearly check-ups in a urologically oriented rehabilitation centre where all modern examination methods, including electronic techniques for the measurement of bladder pressure and urethral resistance, are available. PMID- 1233616 TI - [Psychological problems of accident impaired children (author's transl)]. AB - 120 children with head trauma, sustained in traffic accidents and 21 children, who witnessed the accident of a friend or relative, were examined with the specific purpose of identifying the effects such accidents may produce on the mental and emotional development of a child. On the basis of some case histories the author demonstrates the most frequent post-traumatic psychogenetic behaviourable disturbances and presents suitable types of assistance. PMID- 1233617 TI - [Ortheses applied in the rehabilitation of the paralysed (author's transl)]. AB - An important pre-requisite for the rehabilitation of paralysed persons is a substantial restitution of the static stabilisation and functional adjustment to the changed situation. From a large number of technical aids used for this purpose, the article reports on the application and first experiences gained with three new types of ortheses. PMID- 1233618 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation in chronic renal insufficiency: the phase of compensated retention (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the vocational rehabilitation of 141 patients with chronic renal insufficiency in the compensated retention phase (creatine 1,3-7,9 mg%). It points out in how far rehabilitation is dependent on the disease, type of work performed and degree of severity of the renal insuffiency. It also stresses the necessity of an early detection and prompt initiation of vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 1233619 TI - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary note]. PMID- 1233620 TI - [Electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic and polycardiographic analysis in scleroderma]. PMID- 1233622 TI - [Pathology on the borderline between gout and rheumatoid arthritis: so-called mixed forms. Guidelines and indications for a differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1233621 TI - [Avascular necrosis of the femur head in the course of corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 1233623 TI - [Clinical findings and pathogenetic considerations on arthrosis in old age]. PMID- 1233624 TI - [Pathogenetic and nosological considerations on Paget's arthropathy: clinico radiological study]. PMID- 1233625 TI - [The index of articular uptake of radioactive technetium (Tc99m) in the course of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy with hippocratic fingers. Measurement at the proximal interphalangeal level of the hands]. PMID- 1233626 TI - [New radiographic technic for the study of the small acromelic joints in the initial phase of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1233627 TI - [The operation of valve substitution with artificial prosthesis in cases of acute bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 1233628 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of ventilatory insufficiency in spondylarthritis ankylopoietica: evaluation by means of spirometric tests]. PMID- 1233629 TI - [Frequency of antigens of the HL-A system in rheumatoid arthritis and in ankylosing spondylitis in an ethnically homogeneous population]. PMID- 1233630 TI - [Study of the relation between the rheumatoid factor and Australia antigen (HBAg) and detection of bound HBAg]. PMID- 1233631 TI - [Changes in the lipid and lipoprotein pattern in patients with primary gout]. PMID- 1233632 TI - [Behavior of the serum immunoglobulins and of the C 3 fraction of complement in patients with primary gout]. PMID- 1233633 TI - [Opaque arthrography in initial arthrosis of the knee]. PMID- 1233634 TI - [Rapid and simplified determination of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP)]. PMID- 1233635 TI - [Use of liquid crystals in the diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathies]. PMID- 1233636 TI - [Clinico-radiological observations on osteo-arthropathy in diabetics]. PMID- 1233638 TI - [Correlation between purine metabolism disorder and hypertension]. PMID- 1233637 TI - [Behavior of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) in erythrocytes, leukocytes and lymphocytes of normal and gouty subjects]. PMID- 1233640 TI - [A case of ochronotic arthropathy]. PMID- 1233639 TI - [Synovial lactoferrin changes]. PMID- 1233641 TI - [Association of systemic lupus erythematosus and patchy scleroderma]. PMID- 1233642 TI - [Thalassemic trait and rheumatoid arthritis (studies of hospitalized patients)]. PMID- 1233643 TI - [Blood levels of iron and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Relations to transferrin and ceruloplasmin]. PMID- 1233644 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis and the thalassemic trait. Clinical findings]. PMID- 1233645 TI - [Follow-up of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1233647 TI - [Tenosynovitis as an initial manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1233646 TI - [Long-term follow-up of local therapy of rheumatoid synovitis of the knee]. PMID- 1233648 TI - [Blood and synovial levels of C 3-activator (beta-2-glycoprotein II) in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1233649 TI - [Possibilities of surgical treatment of the rheumatic foot]. PMID- 1233650 TI - [Hypouricemia]. PMID- 1233651 TI - [Collagen peptidases in rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary note]. PMID- 1233652 TI - [Importance of an early diagnosis of spondyloarthritis ankylopoietica and its incidence in the female sex]. PMID- 1233653 TI - [Changes in phospho-calcic metabolism in osteoporosis, osteomalacia and osteoporomalacia]. PMID- 1233654 TI - [Septic arthritis in the course of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1233655 TI - [Several criteria for evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1233656 TI - [Spondyloarthrosis as a joint cause of so-called intractable angina pectoris and angina decubitus]. PMID- 1233657 TI - [Corneal chrysiasis]. PMID- 1233658 TI - [Pregnancy toxemia. Attempt at synthesizing the pathogenic theories of pregnancy complications]. PMID- 1233659 TI - [Study of the placental bed]. PMID- 1233660 TI - [Initial forms of pregnancy complications]. PMID- 1233661 TI - [The kidney and pregnancy complications]. PMID- 1233662 TI - [Present-day concepts concerning arterial hypertension specific to pregnancy]. PMID- 1233663 TI - [Pregnancy toxemia: monitoring of the feto-maternal unit]. PMID- 1233664 TI - [Infant born of a toxemic mother]. PMID- 1233665 TI - [Physiological bases of balneotherapy. IV. Physiopathology of immersion]. PMID- 1233666 TI - [Morphology and histochemistry of regenerating corneal epithelium in Triturus cristatus. 1. Preliminary observations]. AB - The corneal epithelium of Triturus cristatus was studied by light and electron microscopy. It consists of three cellular layers; the superficial cells, which show numerous short microvilli, are held together by typical junctional complexes. The basal cells adhere to the basal lamina by hemidesmosomes. Furthermore all cells form with the neighboring ones interdigitations and establish with them desmosomal contacts. Secretion granules and vesicles are present throughout the epithelium, mainly in the upper layer; they are filled with an electron dense material, containing glycoproteins as suggested by the histochemical analysis. Mitoses are very frequent in the basal layer. Occasionally exfoliating cells showing signs of degeneration were observed in the superficial layer. The morphological changes occurring during epithelization of wound linearly incised, were studied by light microscopy at several time intervals and the detachement and migration of the cells was particularly investigated. Very early after wounding (5') necrotic cells and cell debris are present at the wound edges. Soon after, thin protrusions originate from surrounding undamaged cells and push through the cellular fragments sliding on the underlining connective tissue. After 2 h, the wound is completely closed by such flattened protrusions. The newly formed epithelium becomes gradually thicker (3-7 h) and the mitotic activity till now suppressed, is resumed (24 h). Studies are in progress on the modifications of the junctional complexes and on the enzymatic mechanism possibly involved in cell mobilization. PMID- 1233667 TI - Correlations between histochemical and ultrastructural studies of diseased muscle. AB - The acceptance of a syndrome as a distinct nosological entity depends upon our ability to demonstrate that it consistent genetic, pathological and biochemical abnormalities. During the past two decades the application of enzyme histochemistry and electronmicroscopy to the study of biopsy muscle from patients from a variety of ill-defined neuromuscular disorders has enabled us to classify them with much greater precision. This approach, together with increasingly sophisticated electrophysiological techniques, has lead to a much clearer separation of neurogenic and primarily myopathic disorders with a consequent shrinkage in the category of pure muscular dystrophy. Perhaps the most useful application of morphological techniques alone has been in the field of congenital and metabolic myopathies, the histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities in some cases providing valuable clues to the pathogenesis or even the aetiology of the underlying disease process. This applies particularly to the various glycogen storage diseases affecting skeletal muscle, disorders in which there appear to be structural and functional abnormalities of muscle mitochondria or in which excessive amounts of lipid are stored in muscle fibres. In this communication the histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of these diseases will be detailed, their possible significance discussed and the relative non-specificity of some of these morphological abnormalities will be noted. A comment will be made on the frequency with which simple Type II fibre atrophy (as demonstrated by the myofibrillar ATPase preparation) may be accompanied by gross and bizarre ultrastructural abnormalities, e.g. in the myopathy accompanying chronic renal failure. Such inconsistencies underline the fact that it is not always possible to demonstrate a close correlation between histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities in muscle disease. However, it should be emphasized that the combined approach is essential to the rational morphological study of these disorders. PMID- 1233668 TI - [Cytochemical studies of membranes of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum of the myocardium and of skeletal muscle]. PMID- 1233669 TI - [Late striated differentiation of certain muscles]. PMID- 1233670 TI - [Interpretation of the mechanism of chromosome banding]. PMID- 1233671 TI - [Changes in the electrokinetic characteristics of hepatic cells in young rats after treatment with isoprenaline]. AB - The changes of the charge group density on the cell membrane and the role of the sialic acid residues were studied in the liver cells of rats treated with high doses of isoprenaline in various organs with effects at genetic, structural and metabolic level. The postnatal growth of the rat liver was followed, when a process of polyploidization occurs: IPR treatment in this period is known to accelerate the phenomenon. IPR was injected twice a day intraperitoneally at the dose of 2 mg/100 g of body weight in one or two week courses. The charge group density was evaluated from the electrophoretic mobility pattern of isolated hepatocytes using the Zeiss cell electrophoresis apparatus. The presence and the importance of sialosubstances in the cell membrane was evaluated by comparing the data from normal cells with neuraminidase treated cells; in this situation, the release of sialic acid by neuraminidase produced significant reductions of the cellular electrophoretic mobility. A general increase of the surface charge density, mostly due to the sialic acid fraction, was demonstrated in association with the IPR treatment; this effect was more evident at later times after the end of the stimulation and in animals treated with two courses of IPR. This study evidenced the role of the membrane sialomucinic component during the whole sequence of events induced by IPR treatment at cytological level and leading, among other things, to a mitotic stimulation. In addition, the persistence of the high charge group density should be taken into account even in connection with cell growth, differentiation and hypertrophy. PMID- 1233672 TI - [Changes in the ploidy of hepatic cells in young rats after treatment with isoprenaline]. PMID- 1233673 TI - [DNA content and nuclear area in cerebellar histogenesis in rats]. PMID- 1233674 TI - [Possible model of suprachromosomal organization in the nucleus of eukaryotes]. PMID- 1233675 TI - [Differential binding of actinomycin D on chromosomes in fixed material]. PMID- 1233676 TI - [Nuclear DNA content of human embryonal fibroblasts (RU-1) in cultures infected with virulent and attenuated strains of rubella virus]. PMID- 1233677 TI - [Changes in the DNA/histone ratio during differentiation of plant tissues]. PMID- 1233678 TI - [Histoautoradiographic localization of H3-thymidine in the bursal follicle during development]. PMID- 1233679 TI - [DNA and the principal cellular parameters in urodelan amphibia]. PMID- 1233680 TI - [Studies of the quantitative limitations of the Feulgen reaction: influence of some specific extractions of proteins]. PMID- 1233681 TI - [Dimensions of the genome and Robertsonian fusions: DNA content of postkinetic nuclei and of metaphase plates of 2 chromosomally different populations of Mus musculus L]. PMID- 1233682 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative variations of DNA in relation to cell differentiation and function]. PMID- 1233683 TI - Genome size and animal evolution. PMID- 1233684 TI - [Glycoproteins of the erythrocyte membrane in normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 1233685 TI - [Research on some gastric and duodenal glycoproteins in normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 1233686 TI - [Possibilities of histochemical identification of glycoproteins in human gastric mucosa]. PMID- 1233687 TI - [Ultrastructural and histochemical considerations on the major salivary glands of humans]. PMID- 1233688 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the effect of post-heparin lipolytic activity on the plasma lipoproteins]. PMID- 1233689 TI - [Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the peculiar changes of the parotid gland of Sus scrofa during the course of its life]. PMID- 1233690 TI - [Cytochemical study of the differentiation of medullary granulocytopoiesis in diffusion chambers]. PMID- 1233691 TI - [Banana-induced latent image in photographic emulsion]. PMID- 1233693 TI - [Secreting structures in the foot of Lithodomus lithophaga]. PMID- 1233692 TI - [Presence of a lipoprotein with groups with strong acidity in the secretion of the pallial gland of Lithodomus lithophaga: relation to the boring phenomenon]. PMID- 1233694 TI - [Comparative histochemical and ultrastructural study of the experimental calcification of the myocardium and striated muscle]. PMID- 1233695 TI - [Ribonucleic acid of the kidney in experimental saturnism and after adrenalectomy]. PMID- 1233696 TI - [An electronic apparatus for automatic correction of fluorescence emission spectra]. PMID- 1233697 TI - [Demonstration by autoradiography of a contractile protein present in nerve tissue]. PMID- 1233698 TI - [Histoenzymological and ultrastructural aspects of the testis in some cases of sterility of genetic causes]. PMID- 1233699 TI - [Ultrastructural and histochemical aspects of the liver of fasting rabbits]. PMID- 1233700 TI - [Use of the Wattenberg method for 3-beta-ol-hydroxysteorid dehydrogenase in the ovary of menopausal women]. PMID- 1233702 TI - [Histochemistry of fibrinolysis in hemophilic arthropathy]. PMID- 1233701 TI - [Steroid metabolism of the thymus gland]. PMID- 1233703 TI - [Cytochemistry, autoradiography and ultrastructure of granulosa cells of the human ovary "in vitro"]. PMID- 1233704 TI - [Histochemical and immunochemical analysis of the retina]. PMID- 1233705 TI - [Cytofluorometric determination of some hydrolases by using fluorogenic substrates]. PMID- 1233706 TI - [Kinetic characterization of non-Hodgkin's human malignant lymphomas: cytochemical and autoradiographic study]. PMID- 1233707 TI - [Photometric histotopochemical studies of ATP with the luciferin-luciferase reaction]. PMID- 1233708 TI - [Histopochemistry of ATP in the cutaneous granulose glands of Amphibia]. PMID- 1233709 TI - [A case of adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands of the palate. Histochemical and histogenetic aspects]. PMID- 1233710 TI - [Intra-tissue specialization of skeletal muscle]. AB - The appreciation and utilization of Histochemistry in Biology varied in the course of time, according to the development of new and more reliable techniques and according to the possibility of checking the results on the basis of rigorous biochemical research. It is well known that the need of histochemistry is best understood when the problem is that of individualizing single cells or groups of cells whose physiology (and biochemistry) is different from that of neighbouring other cells of the same nature, and when it is impossible or not desirable to fractonate such kind of cells or their operative substructures. One of the field of animal biology in which biochemistry has been very successfully applied is that of the study of the differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers, which derive from the fusion of many separate myoblastic cells with possible different genetic potentialities. In this connection, it appears sufficiently clear that the differentiation (or modulation) of fibres in fast and slow, red and white is largely dependent on epigenetic influences and particular on that of the type of neuron with which the fiber is connected. We have sufficient experimental evidence of change in type of muscle fibres following change of the neuronal part of the neuromyone (cross reinnervation, etc.). It is also possible that the neurotic influence is translated only as pattern of excitation and in so far it could be imitated by other sort of stimulation; on the other hand, it is also possible, particularly in young animals, that the state of the muscles and the physiological utilization of them in the whole complex animal behaviour (modifiable by experiment) could influence the differentiation of neurons in the fast and slow types. In any case, any established physiological differentiation among muscle fibres, particularly that reflected by different kinds of contractile proteins and of their ATPase activity, corresponds to a simmetrical differentiation, among motoneurons. In the case of pathology, the histochemical study of muscle fibres has become an unavoidable mean of diagnosis. But some criticism should not be neglected when we face the problem of inferring the nature (neurogenic or non neurogenic) of a myopathy only from the distribution of the lesions among the fiber types of a diseased muscle. PMID- 1233711 TI - [Morphological and functional variations of the muscles of invertebrates]. AB - The problem of muscle evolution among Invertebrates has been considered, mainly in obliquely strated fibers of Annelida and in trasversally striated fibers of Insecta. In both groups the morphological variations run parallel to the functional requirements; similar modulations, in fact, have been observed in fast and slow acting muscle fibers independently from the basic pattern of Insecta and Annelida fibers. Fast acting muscles are characterized by a lesser diameter of myosin filaments and a low thin-to-thick filament ratio. On the contrary, the slow acting muscles show a greater diameter of the myosin filaments and a higher thin-to-thick filament ratio. These observations agree with the hypothesis of a common origin of almost all muscular systems. PMID- 1233712 TI - [Muscular phenotypes in relation to the specific differentiative influences of motor innervation]. AB - Vertebrate skeletal muscles are classified into fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles according to the intrinsic speed of contraction. These physiological characteristics of the muscles are ontogenetically determined by epigenetic influences arising from the specific motor innervation. The evidence for a neural control on gene expression comes mainly from the demonstration that myosin is present in two different molecular forms in fast and in slow muscles. It is known from previous work in several laboratories that the two myosin isozymes differ with respect to both the primary structure of the heavy chains and the subunit composition of the light chains. Fast muscle myosin is characterized by a three bands electrophoretic pattern in SDS-gels, whereas the myosin from slow muscle contains only two, distinct types of subunits. Our results show that the tripartite band pattern of the light chains is a common characteristic for the myosin of the fast-white muscles with intermittent-phasic activity (e.g. rabbit adductor) and the fast-red muscles with sustained-phasic activity (e.g. rat masseter and pigeon pectoralis). These results lend support to the view that the neural control on gene expression in skeletal muscles is mediated by specific influences somehow arising from the pattern of activity and which are independent from the total input of nerve impulses. PMID- 1233713 TI - [Types of fibers in skeletal muscles of mammals: histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics in relation to their contractile properties]. AB - A tentative correlation of histochemical and ultrastructural features with physiological properties in mammalian skeletal muscle fibers is presented. In particular, the characteristic metabolic and structural profile of fast-twitch red fibers is described and evidence is presented for the presence of such fibers in limb muscles and masticatory muscles of the rat. The existence of interspecies and even intraspecies variation in the histochemical correlates of the different fiber categories is emphasized and the significance of intermediate fiber types is discussed. PMID- 1233714 TI - [Biochemical aspects of hormone-dependent muscles]. AB - Different sensitivity of muscle fibres to hormones might be an important factor in regulating differing properties of individual muscles, in addition to the well known neural effects on muscle fibres. The peculiar sensitivity of rat perineal muscles to androgens is a striking example, whose relevance to function is self explanatory in muscles connected with the sexual apparatus. Besides these qualitative differences, quantitative differences too can be observed when the responses of different muscles to hormones active on glycogen are compared. Data concerning the effects of androgens, insulin and hydrocortisone on perineal and skeletal muscles (soleus, gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus, quadricipes, obliquus externus abdominis and diaphragm) support this statement. However, the physiological meanings of these differences remain obscure. PMID- 1233715 TI - [Contribution of histochemistry to the classification of neuromuscular diseases]. AB - For a long time after the first muscle biopsy performed on man by Bilroth in 1965, histological study of the muscle has been linked to out of date patterns of interpretation most of them without any importance for clinical diagnosis. The use of histochemical techniques in the study of muscle was introduced quite recently and consequently in the last 15 years it has been possible to collect an enormous amount of very important data for the clinical diagnosis of many neuromuscular disorders. The classification of muscle fibers into different types which was possible first of all using the myofibrillar ATPase reaction by Padykula and Hermann permitted pathological interpretation leading to specific correlations between histological and EMG results. Furthermore the use of different histoenzymological methods in the study of mitochondrial enzymes activity and of the enzymes for the glycogen breakdown and synthesis, promoted a more elaborate fibre typing system. Thank to the development of cryostatic microtomy, the above mentioned methods became easy to be performed in the laboratory routine work. The use of the cryostat, which allows a better preservation of muscular tissue, led to a more accurate diagnostic interpretation particularly in relation to morphology. The study of fiber typing revealed many alterations: single fiber type atrophy, type one or type two predominance, type grouping, hypertrophy of a single fiber type and so on, giving to the clinicians the possibility not only of a more elaborate pathogenetic interpretation, but also of a much more precise diagnosis than in the past. Important results have been achieved using the above mentioned histoenzymological methods in the study of the single muscle fibers. Anglo-Saxon Authors provided us with many significant terms, in order to point out alterations of the enzymes distribution within the single muscle fiber: moth eaten, target fiber, rods, central core, subsarcolemmal blebs. Some of these alterations, seen in specific neuromuscular disorders, still represent the only distinguishing feature of these disorders from the nosographic point of view. It is possible to assert without any doubts that in the last 15 years the use of histochemical methods in the study of human muscular tissue has allowed a nosografic classification of neuromuscular disorders very different from that in use before the histochemical age. Thanks to histochemistry the consequent diagnostic and therapeutic advantages have led to very interesting results in such an important field of Neurology. PMID- 1233716 TI - [Contributions of histochemistry to the development of electromyography: pathological genesis of the subunit and heterogeneity of recruitment of the motor units]. AB - Histochemical homogeneity of the motor unit and depletion of muscle unit glycogen by motoneurone repetitive-stimulation (Kugelberg and Edstrom) have offered the most suitable way of investigating how the fibres of the individual motor unit are distributed in skeletal muscles of animals. Revised analysis of the potential field of motor units action potentials in human beings (Buchthal and Rosenfalk) confirms that the fibres of a motor unit in normal human muscle lie solitary. Therefore the concept of the motor subunit in normal human muscle has been abandoned, while bundles of fibres belonging to the same motor unit are now known to occur only by reinnervation. Because of these findings, single fibre electromyography, as developed since 1963 by Ekstedt and Stalberg, appears as a main method to investigate the properties of different muscle fibres within the muscle unit. With regard to the heterogeneity of fibres and motor units, one must consider that statistical analysis of motor units and single fibre electrophysiological parameters have never shown any evidence of bi-or pluri modal distribution in the histograms of duration and amplitude values. Consistent differences however have been found in the patterns of recruitment frequency of at least two types of motor units (Grimby and Kugelberg). It is suggested that these differences may represent the primary fact by which the structural, histochemical and other functional properties may be affected and maintained. The typization of muscle fibres should be conceived as the effect of a plastic process (in accordance with the continuous range of values) rather than a static one (in the absence of bimodal distribution). PMID- 1233717 TI - [Ground water protection areas and plant protective agents]. PMID- 1233718 TI - [Desirable and necessary duration of effectiveness of herbicides. (The problem of persistence of herbicides)]. PMID- 1233719 TI - [Water protective areas at dams and lakes]. PMID- 1233720 TI - [Shore filtration--possibilities and limitations of water protection]. PMID- 1233721 TI - [Safe removal of plant protective agents]. PMID- 1233722 TI - [Current results in actions towards the removal of insecticide residues in the North Rhine region]. PMID- 1233723 TI - [Percolation tests according to pamphlet 37--first experiences]. PMID- 1233724 TI - [Testing models from the viewpoint of danger to the water supply in accidents during storage and transport]. PMID- 1233725 TI - [Immersion treatments in the forest]. PMID- 1233727 TI - [Mechanical cleaning out of waterways as an alternative to the use of herbicides]. PMID- 1233726 TI - [Aspects of water pollution in the application of insecticides by means of airplanes in the forest]. PMID- 1233728 TI - [Determination and occurrence of aromatic amines and their derivatives in Dutch surface waterways]. PMID- 1233730 TI - Alternative models of counseling for genetic disorders. PMID- 1233729 TI - [Insecticides in the rain water]. PMID- 1233731 TI - Genetic screening and genetic counseling: knowledge, attitudes, and practices in two groups of family planning professionals. PMID- 1233732 TI - Economic and social correlates of infant mortality: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of 63 selected countries. PMID- 1233733 TI - Fishing and fertility: a study of a Nova Scotia fishing village. PMID- 1233735 TI - Families with children in England and Wales. PMID- 1233734 TI - Suicide and homicide as causes of death and their relationship to life expectancy: a cross-cultural comparison. PMID- 1233736 TI - Methodological options in measuring illegitimacy and the difference they make. PMID- 1233737 TI - [Treatment of acute exogenous poisoning in patients of middle and old age]. PMID- 1233738 TI - [Treatment of cystic dysplasia of the breast by the trephine-sclerosing method]. PMID- 1233739 TI - [Causes of erroneous diagnosis in acute surgical diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 1233740 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 1233741 TI - [Basic principles for complex treatment of patients with intervertebral osteochondrosis at health resort and physiotherapeutic factors]. PMID- 1233742 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 1233743 TI - [Role of physiologic research in resolving the basic problems of occupational pathology]. PMID- 1233744 TI - [Static pulmonary volume in patients with atopic and infectious-allergic forms of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1233745 TI - [Physical work capacity of bronchial asthma patients treated with the preparation Berotek]. PMID- 1233746 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of hematogenously disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1233747 TI - [Repeated perforation of typhoid ulcers of the small intestine]. PMID- 1233749 TI - [Factors of natural immunity in children with eczema and neurodermatitis]. PMID- 1233748 TI - [Complications during sombrevin anesthesia for minor pelvic surgery]. PMID- 1233750 TI - [Assessment of biochemical changes in the blood of patients with severe burns during the period of surgical restoration of the skin cover]. PMID- 1233751 TI - [Familial paroxysmal myoplegia]. PMID- 1233752 TI - [Significance of individual methods of vaccine therapy for brucellosis]. PMID- 1233753 TI - [Dimethylsulfoxide in the treatment of organic forms of scleroderma]. PMID- 1233754 TI - [Pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of eczema in children]. PMID- 1233755 TI - [State of the body's immunologic reactivity in patients with protracted pneumonia]. PMID- 1233756 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in the diagnosis of drug allergy]. PMID- 1233757 TI - [Treatment of patients with non-specific diseases of the respiratory organs in trade union health resorts]. PMID- 1233758 TI - [In vitro suppression of leukocyte migration reaction in drug allergy]. PMID- 1233759 TI - [Study of pulmonary function by the zonal rheography method]. PMID- 1233760 TI - [Brush biopsy in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 1233761 TI - [Pressure phlebogram in assessing the functional state of the right heart in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1233763 TI - [Characteristics of drug-induced illness as an allergic reaction]. PMID- 1233762 TI - [Non-specific therapy of allergic diseases]. PMID- 1233764 TI - [Specific diagnosis of infectious-allergic diseases of the respiratory apparatus]. PMID- 1233765 TI - [Allergy to mites--current problem in allergology]. PMID- 1233766 TI - [Treatment of the bronchospastic component in patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1233767 TI - [Clinical assessment of new expectorants]. PMID- 1233768 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of exudative erythema multiforme]. PMID- 1233769 TI - [Skin tests and a method of specific leukocytolysis in the diagnosis of allergy in patients with eczema and neurodermatitis]. PMID- 1233770 TI - [Pathogenetic treatment of neurodermatitis affecting the metabolism of biologically active substances and autonomic regulation of the body]. PMID- 1233771 TI - [Several indices of the state of cellular immunity in amyloidosis (experimental clinical study)]. PMID- 1233773 TI - [Successful extraction of a metallic foreign body (safety pin) from the child's bronchus by means of electromagnet]. PMID- 1233772 TI - [Role of disturbed balance between plasma proteins and tissue proteins in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1233774 TI - [Tuberculosis and the nervous system]. PMID- 1233775 TI - [Somatotropin values in children with small stature of various etiology]. PMID- 1233776 TI - [Osmolar resistance of erythrocytes treated in vitro and in vivo with G strophantin (ouabain) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)]. PMID- 1233777 TI - [Otosclerosis as a hereditary disease]. PMID- 1233778 TI - [Homogenous population of specific IgG antibodies in 2 patients with infectious disease characterized by a protracted course]. PMID- 1233779 TI - [Diagnostic value of arteriography in some diseases of the head and neck]. PMID- 1233780 TI - [Polyserositis with positive mitochondrial antibodies (drug-induced pseudolupus)]. PMID- 1233781 TI - [Clement's test of stable foam as indicator of respiratory maturity of the fetus]. PMID- 1233783 TI - [Water-test in children after infectious hepatitis]. PMID- 1233782 TI - [Nature of soluble thyroid proteins and their biosynthesis in vitro in patients with nodular goiter]. PMID- 1233784 TI - [Biclonal IgM gammapathy with anti-immunoglobulin activity in serum; clinical and laboratory investigations before and during penicillamine treatment]. PMID- 1233785 TI - [Radiotherapy of benign dermatosis]. PMID- 1233786 TI - [Clinical remission of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1233787 TI - [Full-term abdominal pregnancy. Report of a case]. PMID- 1233788 TI - [Ethnopsychiatry and transcultural psychiatry. Introduction to problems posed by the impact of acculturation of the mental health in the Maghrib]. PMID- 1233789 TI - [Organization of mental health services in the developing countries. Genereal findings]. PMID- 1233790 TI - [Psychiatric assistance in Morocco: present problems and future perspectives]. PMID- 1233791 TI - [General aspects and developmental tendencies of psychiatry in Algeria]. PMID- 1233792 TI - [Mental problems of Tunisian emigrants on their return to Tunisia. Clinical report-psychopathological aspects]. PMID- 1233793 TI - [Puerperal psychoses in the Moroccan milieu. (apropos of 100 cases)]. PMID- 1233794 TI - [Psychiatric assistance and morbidity in the east Algerian]. PMID- 1233795 TI - [Male hysteria in Tunisia]. PMID- 1233796 TI - [Sensitive paranoia and the traditional Moroccan educational system]. PMID- 1233798 TI - [Mental inadaptation: epidemiologic approach to needs in countries of the Maghrib]. PMID- 1233797 TI - [The Tunisian Union for Aid to the Mentally Handicapped]. PMID- 1233799 TI - Radiculitis distress as a mimic of renal pain. AB - It is the experience of the urological author that radiculitis secondary to costovertebral joint derangement is the most common cause of lower abdominal pain. However, this pain is sometimes made worse when the patient is subjected to a flank incision for presumed renal disease, since the aftermath of a flank incision may be a downward pull on a rib owing to detachments of muscles attached to its superior surface. Emotional problems, too, befall many patients with radiculitis-despondency over delayed diagnoses or sensitivity at having been told their complaints are psychosomatic. Most often theses difficulties disappear spontaneously once the pain is relived. Definitive diagnosis requires orthopedic techniques. Unfortunately, few orthopedists are well versed or interested in the syndrome of renal pain. When they are, erroneous diagnosis can be corrected and a course of conservative or surgical treatment prescribed, with excellent results. PMID- 1233800 TI - Experiences with 16 cases of pararenal pseudocyst. AB - Pararenal pseudocysts developed after an operation, after blunt and penetrating trauma or after contiguous disease processes in 16 patients. Nephrectomy was necessary in 8 cases. Although the duration of the pseudocyst and the extent of conduit injury did to an extent determine the fate of the kidney, the location of the encapsulated extravasate and its propensity for curtailment of urine formation appeared to be more significant factors. The cases were reviewed in light of the individualization in management required for the complex problems they present. PMID- 1233801 TI - Correlation between follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid with sperm cell concentration. AB - Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteininzing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma folicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. Plasma testosterone levels were lower in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration. PMID- 1233802 TI - Long-term results of cutaneous omento-ureterostomy. AB - Six of 11 patients have had 2 to 7 1/2 years followup evaluation after cutaneous omento-ureterostomy. Results were excellent in 3 cases and good in 1, while ureteral stomal stenosis developed in the 2 patients irradiated for bladder cancer. Complete prevention of cutaneous ureterostomy stoma stenosis remains unachieved but the use of a plastic meatal dilator seems useful. PMID- 1233803 TI - Further observations on self-catheterization. AB - A non-sterile technique of intermittent self-catheterization was used for 218 patients with an inability to void in a normal fashion because of obstructive uropathy, decompensated detrusor or neurogenic bladder. Marked improvement was not in urinary continence, urinary infection, renal function, bladder emptying and, perhaps most important, the mental and emotional status of the patient and/or parents. The extremely low incidence of complications and its therapeutic efficacy clearly make clean, intermittent self-catheterization an outstanding weapon in the urological armamentarium and a most persuasive reminder that host resistance is still the primary factor in the occurrence of infection. PMID- 1233804 TI - The use of tetrazolium to determine hydronephrotic damage in human kidneys. AB - A study detailing an assay for evaluating hydronephrotic damage is presented. We used nitroblue tetrazolium, which is reduced by intact renal tissue. When marked hydronephrotic damage has occurred little evidence of tetrazolium reducing activity is present. The clinical application has been helpful in determining the extent of damage and the subsequent need for removal of the kidney in question. When the test indicated functioning renal tissue a repair of the obstruction was performed with subsequent improvement in function. PMID- 1233805 TI - Individual renal plasma flow determination in 2 minutes. AB - A method is described for determining effective renal plasma flow, using the renal counts 1 to 2 minutes after injection and applying background subtraction as a ratio to the total amount of radioactivity injected intravenously with appropriate correction for kidney depth. It appears that this simple approach for determination of effective renal plasma flow within a matter of 2 minutes is accurate and reliable, and should be useful for a number of applications when it is important to determine total and individual renal plasma flow. The approach is recommended as a screening procedure in lieu of the determination of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, with the additional advantages of gross morphology and determination of individual renal plasma flow in an absolute as well as relative manner. PMID- 1233806 TI - Informed consent: recent changes in the law. AB - Physicians have the legal duty to disclose all risks and consequences of a proposed procedure. This duty must be understood as a reversal of previous legal doctrine. Disclosure is adequate only when a patient has enough information from that disclosure to decide for himself which way he wants to go and what treatment he wants to choose from among the options available to him. Relevance of disclosure, not fullness, is the criterion of sufficiency. The idea that the doctor or the profession knows best what the patient should do has been rejected as a legal standard in the District of Columbia, California, New York, Wisconsin, Kansas and Rhode Island. It is expected that more states will follow this trend. The informed part of the doctrine of informed concent is only the tip of an iceberg of social change. PMID- 1233807 TI - Urologic education: what can be done? PMID- 1233808 TI - The acute need for the collection of data about urology. PMID- 1233809 TI - Motion picture: surgery of the proximal right renal artery: technique of endarterectomy. PMID- 1233811 TI - Motion picture: image intensification fluoroscopy in urologic surgery. PMID- 1233810 TI - Operative nephroscopy. AB - Renal endoscopy has been made possible, practical and safe by technical advances in instrumentation. Operative nephroscopy has become a uniquely valuable adjunct to stone operations, especially for caliceal calculi, but does not permit the surgeon to dispense with operative x-rays. Further, it has extended out horizons in the management of intrarenal hematuria and of low grade tumors of the renal collecting system. We suggest that the rigid right-angled nephroscope in use today be referred to as the Leadbetter nehroscope in recognition of that pioneer's original conception for its design. PMID- 1233812 TI - Image intensification fluoroscopy. PMID- 1233813 TI - Evidence for a new mammalian organ: a preliminary report. AB - During an investigation on the mechanisms by which mannitol increases renal blood flow, using an in vitro perfused rat kidney preparation, it was observed that an osmotic challenge (320 mOsm.) was followed by the accumulation of chloride and calcium ions in the renal medulla. Although the chloride was derived from the perfusate, the source of calcium appeared to be localized in the renal sinus fatty tissue. A morphologic study of this area reveals the existence of a tissue complex, having the characteristics of a hitherto unrecognized organ or gland communicating with the renal parenchyma via a portal vascular system. The possible physiologic significance of this complex is discussed. PMID- 1233814 TI - Radiotherapy in the management of stage C carcinoma of the prostate. AB - A small number of patients with limited stage C carcinoma of the prostate have been treated with combined interstitial and external beam radiotherapy with gratifying results. Whereas more patients will have to be followed for at least 10 to 15 years to completely evaluate this modality of treatment, the results continue to encourage us in its use. PMID- 1233815 TI - Sexual function after a urethroplasty for membranous-prostatic urethral stricture. AB - A review is presented on the anatomy of nerves involved in penile erections, with respect to their exit from the pelvis. More detailed information is required. A road map of these nerves as they approach, traverse and exit from the urogenital diaphragm is needed, which would allow the surgeon to properly design the stricture repair operation. Case reports are presented that suggest that the membranous urethra and urogenital diaphragm can be incised posteriorly in the midline without destroying the penile erection. Since subjective evaluation of penile erection may be misleading a method for objective evaluation is required. Further information regarding the effect on potency of the various types of operations involving the urogenital diaphragm for membranous-prostatic urethral strictures needs to be carefully accumulated. PMID- 1233817 TI - Long-term survival from Mullerian duct carcinoma. PMID- 1233816 TI - The surgical repair of membranous urethral strictures in children. AB - Of 18 patients treated for membranous urethral strictures after rupture of the prostatomembranous urethra, 16 have had satisfactory results, 1 has been diverted permanently and the repair in 1 case is not yet complete. PMID- 1233818 TI - Oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of diabetes mellitus in Nigerians. AB - Therapy of diabetes mellitus with oral hypoglycaemic agents is reviewed in 445 patients, excluding 18 patients who failed, primarily, to respond to these drugs. The findings are discussed with particular reference to the latent period between the onset of therapy and the observed response. It is probable that the more potent, newer oral hypoglycaemic drugs may help to remove this latent period or reduce its duration. PMID- 1233819 TI - Histamine H1 and H2 receptor activities in guinea-pig isolated arteries. AB - The actions of histamine, 2-methylhistamine (2 MeH) and 4-methylhistamine (4 MeH) were studied in isolated muscle preparations from pulmonary artery, aorta and terminal ileum of guinea-pigs. Relative to histamine, 2 MeH had a significantly higher activity in the arteries than in the ileum. In the arteries, 4 MeH inhibited 2 MeH--and histamine-induced contractions. Burimamide blocked the inhibitory effect of 4 MeH and potentiated histamine but not 2 MeH induced contractions in arteries. The results show that the arterial muscles studied contain both H1 and H2 receptors subserving contractile and dilator effects respectively. PMID- 1233821 TI - The effect of glucose on tyrosine transport by the intestine in vitro. AB - The influence of glucose on intestinal amino acid transport has been reported as inhibitory, stimulating or indifferent by different workers. Because these conflicting reports could be related to solute concentrations as well as the individual amino acid under study, the question was investigated again using varying concentrations of solute. The amino acid tyrosine was chosen for study because most workers on this question have used other neutral amino acids like glycine. Everted sacs of the rat intestine were used. Although it appeared that in low concentration glucose and tyrosine facilitated each other and at higher concentrations this facilitation disappeared. These differences were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05) when compared to the transport activity observed when these substances were studied alone. It is concluded that glucose and tyrosine do not affect the transport of each other in the rat intestine. These results are discussed and their possible practical value commented on the light of the conflicting observations referred to above which have been obtained with other neutral amino acids. PMID- 1233820 TI - Neutral sodium pump in the small intestine. AB - A non-electrogenic mechanism for Na absorption has been demonstrated in the in vitro short-circuited rat mid-jejunum. This mechanism exists in addition to the electrogenic Na absorption associated with active non-electrolyte transfer. It was not possible to demonstrate the existence of a similar mechanism in rat terminal ileum and it is suggested that this is related to differences in the metabolism of the ileum as compared with the jejunum. the neutrality of the non electrogenic pump has been shown to be largely due to the absorption of Na accompanied by Cl. These appears to be a common link between the two types of Na pump since both are inhibited by ouabain although the non-electrogenic pump shows greater sensitivity to ouabain than the electrogenic pump. PMID- 1233822 TI - The action of chloroquine on the histamine receptors of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. AB - The action of chloroquine on the histamine receptors was investigated on the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The log dose response curve to histamine in the presence of chloroquine (0.75 mug/ml) was to the right and parallel to that in the absence of the chloroquine. This concentration of chloroquine did not modify the contractions of the preparation to acetylcholine or to transmural stimulation. It had not effect on the contractions of the isolated vas deferens from the guinea-pig to either transmural stimulation or to hypogastric nerve stimulation. The pA2-pA10 value for chloroquine using histamine as the agonist was 0.87. It was concluded that chloroquine, in low concentration, is a specific antagonist of histamine, by probably a competitive mechanism. PMID- 1233823 TI - Fenfluramine-associated hypertension. AB - Fenfluramine is a recently introduced anorexigenic drug for the treatment of obesity. 5 cases of hypertension induced or aggravated by fenfluramine are described. They include 4 females and one male seen and followed in the Hypertension Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Even though there was loss of weight while they were on fenfluramine there was a rise in blood pressure in 4 of them despite concurrent therapy with antihypertensive agents. In one female patient the rise in blood pressure occurred while on self-medication with the drug alone. In all of them the blood pressure fell when fenfluramine was stopped. Although there have been many reports of the effectiveness in the treatment of obesity, reports of its adverse reactions have been few and there has been no mention of hypertension. The drug brochure warns that hypotension may even occur. In view of the present case reports it is advisable that those who are on fenfluramine should have their blood pressure checked regularly particularly if they are also known to be hypertensive. PMID- 1233825 TI - Insulin in the management of diabetes mellitus in Nigerians. AB - Insulin therapy was reviewed in 172 Nigerian diabetic patients. Insulin zinc suspension (IZS--lente) was the preparation most commonly used and therapy was free of side effects. Only a small number of the patients (students) had the problem of unrestricted physical activity and possibly irregular eating habits which might adversely influence insulin therapy. Although in the majority of cases, the age of onset of diabetes mellitus was under 21 years, insulin dependence covered a broad age spectrum. It was not possible to predict the severity of the diabetes from the age of onset. There was about equal chance that therapy might be changed from insulin to oral hypoglycaemic drugs or vice-versa. PMID- 1233824 TI - Pharmacological activity of coumarins isolated from Afraegle paniculata; Part II. AB - Xanthotoxin, xanthotoxol and marmesin, three coumarins isolated from Afraegle paniculata, have been treated for anti-inflammatory activity following oral administration. The investigations have shown that xanthotoxol and marmesin are devoid of such activity and that xanthotoxin has some activity. Xanthotoxin has been compared against aspirin. PMID- 1233826 TI - [Acute and chronic psychiatric diseases in old age, their diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Psychopathological symptoms of the old people are demonstrated from psychiatric aspects. Acute and chronic psychopathological syndroms are described with their clinical symptomatology and therapeutic recommendations are given. PMID- 1233828 TI - [Significance of age-specific incidence of gastric carcinoma in a defined region for health-political decisions]. AB - Cancer of the stomach is the most frequent cancer localisation in the GDR, because there are nearly 7200 new cases yearly. Only surgical therapy is able to heal and therefore the early diagnosis is the preliminary condition in respect of an "operation in time". The age specific incidence shows the important age groups in this point of view. The improvement of therapy results may be possible by means of modern diagnostic facilities putting in consequently and without delay. PMID- 1233827 TI - [Problems in gerostomatologic examinations--demonstrated on the example of a cross-sectional examination of members of the VEB combine GISAG, Leipzig]. AB - The authors describe the importance and the set of problems of gerostomatologic investigation by means of a synopsis of literature. Resulting phenomens of adiposity on the system of teeth, mouth and jaws are discussed. The results of a cross-section research of 108 men, mainly overweighting, all relatives of the VEB Kombinat GISAG, underly the statistical part of the lecture. A multitude of findings at the teeth, periodont, tongue, gingiva and the jaws are stated and interpreted adequately the weight and the age of the patients. Some surprising results are discovered particularly with regard to the results depending on the weight. This seems to necessitate a reconsideration in a greater group of patients in a longitudinal section research. PMID- 1233829 TI - [Relation of various important figurs in the oncology of gastrointestinal carcinomas to age]. AB - The most important localisations of cancer, because they are most frequent, within the gastrointestinal tract are situated at the stomach, colon and rectum. By reason of frequency of these tumours in the upper years of age their distribution in dependence from age the manner of therapy performed within the groups of age are important. These numerals were found out in the Erfurt Region of men fallen ill in 1960-1969. They are explained in relation to age. There is the opinion it shall be possible to improve ascertainment and results of therapy by scooping all means in the upper years of age too. PMID- 1233830 TI - [Incidence of bulbus enucleation following perforating eye injuries in relation to age]. AB - The detailed consideration of enucleated eyes after traumatic perforations- material of a period of 20 years--shows some of age related facts. The largest part of enucleations comes from the age of 15 to 30, though the prognosis of preservation of the eye is favourable in this group of age. The rate of enucleations of the examinated material ascends with the age in males. Females have in the age of 46-60 years the highest rate of enucleations. PMID- 1233831 TI - [Lithium therapy in manic depressive diseases in old age]. AB - It is given a report about experiences with a maintenance lithium therapy in case of 57 patients with affective psychosis in the older age and about the peculiarities, that have to be taken a note of near by. In regarding the complications in therapy and course of these disorders and the good prophylactic effect of lithium the necessity of the prophylactic application of this psychopharmacological agent also to geropsychiatric patients is established. There are methods shown, reducing the risk of treatment in an acceptable minimum and the possibility of using lithium to a large group of affective psychosis in the older age, too. PMID- 1233832 TI - [Regulation of age-dependent phenomena. Influence of C6-substituted purines on cell aggregation and cell migration in primary cultures of lense epithelial cells]. AB - The existence of an age dependent latent period of cell emigration has been proved in the primary culture of epithelial cells of bovine lenses. The previously described aggregation phenomenon as well as the latent period of the cell emigration increase with the age of the sponsor animals. Extracellular adenine and other C6-substituted purines, isolated from the cells themselves and added to the medium, act the same way on the lens cells in the primary culture as the increasing age of the sponsor animals. Adenine stimulates cell aggregation and inhibits the adhesion of the cells to the substratum, the cell flattening and the cell migration. The adenine action has been proved down to a concentration of 3 X 10(-6) M. During the primary culture, the lens cells gradually los the adenine sensitivity. The adenine action also occurs on single cells, isolated by trypsination, it differs from the reaction of ouabain and can be removed at low concentration by washing procedures. The results favour the suggestion C6 substituted purines to be involved in cell ageing. PMID- 1233834 TI - Problems of elderly people in Poland. PMID- 1233835 TI - [Folding of deoxyribonucleic acid in chromatin]. AB - A structural model for the folding of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in chromatin has been evolved on the basis of the X-ray diffraction patterns of deoxyribonucleoproteids (DNP). The DNA is oriented in the direction of DNP fibres and does not exhibit a superhelical structure. In the nu-bodies the DNA is folded 7 times to and fro on the envelope of a cylinder 10 nm in diameter. The height of the DNA-hairpins is 9 nm - 10 nm. The spacing between the refolded DNA segments is 3,6 nm. This supramolecular folding crystalization of the DNA is a general principle of organization and, through different types of morphological growth of the folding crystals, leads to the chromatin, to psi-DNA, to DNA monocrystals, and to DNA packing in some phage heads. PMID- 1233837 TI - [Interaction of the components of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system from liver microsomes. I. Immobilization of the solubilized and partially purified protein components]. AB - The method of matrix fixation has been used to study the interaction between the components of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases from rat liver microsomes. The solubilized, isolated protein components were covalently bound to BrCN-activated. Sepharose in different ways and subsequently the N-demethylase activity was determined. It has been proved that in each case of fixation a certain amount of activity could be determined. However the degree of activity varied in dependence on the sequence and number of bound components. The activity compared with the reconstituted soluble system decreased in the following sequence: single fixation of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (40%), of cytochrome P-450 (23%); sequential fixation: first component cytochrome P-450 (33%), first component NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (8%). Simultaneous fixation of both components yielded a lower activity. From the results it was concluded that the activity is influenced by some kind of self-assembly. PMID- 1233836 TI - [Effect of increased plasma levels of glucose, adrenaline, and angiotensin upon glucose metabolism of totally ischemic and normally perfused rat brain]. AB - Tracer kinetic studies on the effect of i.v. infused adrenaline and angiotensin, and a hyperglycemia induced by glucose application, upon glucose metabolism of the rat brain under ischemic and normoxic conditions are reported. in the ischemic brain, the initial glycolytic rate proved dependent on the glucose content being kept at various levels by glucose administration or hormone infusion prior to the onset of ischemia. The typical saturation kinetics revealed a maximal glucose conversion only from a definite initial content of brain glucose, being equivalent to a glucose level of approximately 13 mumole/ml in plasma, and appeared to depend on the presence of glucose in the cellular space. The early cessation of anaerobic lactate formation even with high glucose in the cellular space. The early cessation of anaerobic lactate formation even with high glucose depot in the brain tissue is referred to inhibition of glycolytic key enzymes by increasing tissue azidosis. The aerobic glucose conversion, as calculated from the Cglucose flux in amino acids associated with the citrate cycle was unaffected by the cerebral glucose content (hyperglycemia by hormone or glucose application). During glucose infusion the cerebral levels of NH3, total NH2 and glutamine rose; the Cglucose flux into aspartate and glutamine was increased and almost proportionally reduced in glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate. These flux shifts are interpreted as a switching of C-chains from pyruvate owing to increased CO2 fixation, and as a biochemical correlate of an increased irritation level of the experimental animals. PMID- 1233838 TI - [Interaction of substrate with cytochrome P-450 in microsomal and solubilized form]. AB - In order to characterize the substrate binding sites, difference spectroscopic titrations in microsomal and solubilized cytochrome P-450 from induced and non induced rat liver microsomes were performed. The binding constants determined show differences depending on the physicochemical nature of the substrate and the degree of integration of the enzyme system. In hydrophilic substrates the differences of the binding to the microsomal or solubilized form are less pronounced than in lipophilic ones. From the comparison of the parameters obtained at various levels of integration it is concluded that the micromilieu of the binding site is of great importance for the binding of the substrate of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 1233839 TI - [Distribution of endogenous inhibitors of the respiratory chain in plants]. AB - 70 phosphate buffer extracts of various plant tissues of 40 species as well as of 2 bacteria were tested for the presence of endogenous inhibitors of the respiratory chain. Electron transfer particles (ETP) from beef heart mitochondria served as test object. The NADH oxidase (spectrophotometrically) and the succinate oxidase activity (manometrically) were measured. Inhibitory activities could be detected in all the plant species tested, but there were quantitative differences by orders of magnitude. The inhibitory effects were more frequent and higher in the NADH oxidase system than those in the succinate oxidase system. The highest inhibitory activities were observed with blossoms of Forsynthia intermedia, male blossoms of Corylus avellana, inflorescences of Brassica oleracea, fronds of Pteridium aquilinum and gallnuts of Quercus. The specific inhibitory activities (related to the dry mass of the extracts) suggest very efficient inhibitors having concentrations of half-inhibition in the muM-range. With 6 extracts the inhibitory activity on the NADH oxidase system was completely destroyed by boiling (Brassica oleracea, Amoracia rusticana, leaves of Digitalis purpurea, roots of Allium cepa, fruit pips of Malus domestica and mushrooms of Lactarius vellereus). The results with some plant species (Bryophyllum daigremonteanum, Allium cepa, male blossoms of Corylus avellana, Pteridium aquilinum) suggest a biological dynamics of the inhibitory activity. The inhibitor from Bryophyllum was partially characterized with regard to its mode of action. The following supposed biological functions of endogenous respiratory inhibitors of plants are discussed: 1. Involvement in the degradation of mitochondria in the course of differentiation, maturation and involution processes as well as in biologically controlled senescence processes; 2. A switch over to the alternative mitochondrial respiratory pathway; 3. Induction and maintenance of a resting metabolism, e.g. in dormancy, by action as growth inhibitors; 4. Action as phytoncides (phytoallexines) for the defense against parasites. PMID- 1233840 TI - [Influence of orotic acid upon post-excitatory facilitation released by stimulation of the tooth pulp]. AB - The influence of orotic acid on post-excitatory facilitation of evoked potentials released by electric stimulation of the tooth pulp in the sensomotor cortex was studied. 15-360 min following application of 100 mg/kg orotic acid, increase in amplitude of potentials released by stimulation of the tooth pulp, reinforcement of the post-excitatory facilitation observable 5 msec after stimulation occurred. PMID- 1233841 TI - Changes in labeling of soluble and insoluble rat brain proteins using [3H] tyrosine as precursor during a learning experiment. AB - The incorporation of intraventricularly injected L-[3H]-tyrosine into proteins from three rat brain regions was studied during the acquisition of a shock motivated brightness discrimination. Separating the proteins by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an increased labeling confined to only a few of the resolved slow-moving bands of soluble and, especially insoluble hippocampus proteins. The labeling of visual cortex proteins showed only minute changes, while the auditory cortex proteins exhibited no differences between trained and nontrained animals. PMID- 1233842 TI - The effect of a mediator of cellular immunity on the transmembrane potential of macrophages. PMID- 1233843 TI - [Fatty acid loading capacity of serum albumin in fetal and adult rats when incubating the sera with free fatty acids]. PMID- 1233844 TI - A kinetic study of complexes of tryptophan and lysozyme with tetracyanoethylene. AB - The rates of complex formation of free tryptophan and hen egg-white lysozyme with tetracyanoethylene have been investigated at different molar ratios. The reaction rates were studied by the "stopped-flow" method. The complex forming reactions follow a first order kinetics. A linear relationship of kobs. with donor concentration was found. This shows that the complex with a composition of 1:1 is predominant independently of the molar ratio between donor and acceptor. The rate of complex formation of free tryptophan and tetracyanoethylene was compared with the rate of complex formation between tetracyanoethylene and tryptophanyl residues in the lysozyme molecule. The kinetic data showed that the process of complex formation with tryptophanyl residues is slow. PMID- 1233845 TI - [Chemical properties of plasma fibrinogens and fibrins from normal and cobalt treated rabbits]. AB - The sulfitolysis products of fibrinogens from normal and cobalt-treated rabbits (5 mg Co2+/kg b.w.) were resolved by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose columns. The elution patterns of both fibrinogens showed a distinct heterogeneity of gamma-chains. Furthermore, a gamma-chain derivative from cobalt fibrinogen could be distinguished electrophoretically from the corresponding one of normal fibrinogen because of its reduced electrophoretic mobility. Normal and cobalt fibrinogen did not differ from each other in their N-terminal (Val2 Ala2 Tyr2) and C-terminal (Pro1-2 Val4-5) amino acid compositions related to a subunit structure of A alpha 2 B beta 2 gamma 2, and their carbohydrate contents - neutral hexoses 1,21% (1,26%), N-acetyl hexosamines 1,16% (1,05%), N-acetyl neuraminic acid 1,19% (1, 13%), values for cobalt fibrinogen in parentheses. The main amounts of carbohydrates are bound to gamma- and B beta-chains, The BrCn cleavage products from cobalt fibrinogen and its gamma- and B beta-chains showed other electrophoretic properties than the corresponding derivatives from normal fibrinogen. But BrCN split products of A alpha-chains of both fibrinogens were electrophoretically very similar. Spectrographic investigations of the S sulfoderivates demonstrated a diminution of the absorption maximum near 282mn of gamma and B beta derivatives of cobalt fibrinogen. A alpha-chains of both fibrinogens were not different from each other. Using autoradiography the highest 58Co binding could be found in the gamma-chain with a reduced electrophoretic migration velocity, whereas B beta-and gamma-chains with unchanged electrophoretic mobility bound only small amounts. A alpha-chains of cobalt fibrinogens were apparently not loaded with 58Co. gamma-chain and alpha-chain cross-links could be observed in normal fibrins stabilized by factor XII, however, in cobalt fibrins a gamma-dimer formation was demonstrable without participation of gamma-chains with reduced electrophoretic mobility. A distinct alpha-chain cross-link could not be demonstrated either. From these and other investigations on molecular weights of both fibrinogens it was assumed that earlier observed changes of physicochemical properties and biological behaviour of cobalt fibrinogen might result from a complex binding of cobalt ions on specific structures of the fibrinogen molecule. PMID- 1233846 TI - [Concentration and subcellular distribution of iron and copper in the pig liver. II. Studies on the livers of porkers and swine for slaughter with regard to the addition of copper sulfate to the diet]. AB - In the livers of weaners, an average concentration of storage iron of 69.1 +/- 47.6 mug, and in those of pigs for slaughter, 326 +/- 54 mug/g tissue was measured. Addition of 250 ppm of copper as CuSO4-5H2O to the animals' food led to a significantly lower concentration of 248 +/- 63-5 mg Fe/g liver in pigs for slaughter. Of the storage iron, 66-1% for weaners, 79.2% for pigs for slaughter, and 76% for animals given Cu-supplemented food were localized in the microsomal fraction and in the cytosol. The copper concentration in the liver was 5.2 +/- 0.6 mug/g in weaners, 8.1 +/- 2.4 mug/g in pigs for slaughter and 120 +/- 83 mug/g in animals kept on a Cu-supplemented diet, Of these, 72.6% (pigs for slaughter) and 71.9% (weaners) came to the microsomal fraction and the cytosol, whereas addition of 250 ppm copper to the food ration enhanced the proportion in the nuclear fraction from 7.7 to 29.5%, and in the mitochondrial fraction, from 19.8 to 45.1%. The percent distribution of the copper on the subcellular fractions depends on the copper concentration in the liver: in the range of 5-12 mug/g tissue, increased copper concentration in the liver caused preferential localization of the copper in the cytosol, whereas between 25 and 330 mug/g tissue the copper was stored subcellularly in the following order: mitochondrial, nuclear, cytoplasmatic and microsomal fractions. PMID- 1233847 TI - [Separation of reb blood cells in the isopyknic dextran and albumin density gradient]. AB - The separation of red blood cells according to their maturity and age was compared in the isopyknic dextran and albumin density gradients, and the quality of separation was appraised by selected criteria (density distribution curves, accumulation of reticulocytes, activity of G-6-PD). The achieved quality of separation, as measured by the quotient of G-6-PD activity in the cells of lower density/G-6-PD activity in cells of higher density is of equal value in the two media. In the dextran gradient, separation of old cells seems to be accomplished more readily, while albumin affords better separation of young erythrocytes. The reticulocytes are in both media 4-5 mg/ml lighter than the total cell population. When shifting pH from 7.4 to 6.8 both in erythrocytes and reticulocytes the density decreases by 3-6 mg/ml irrespective of the type and pretreatment of the separation medium. PMID- 1233848 TI - Enhanced lipolysis during interaction of serum and adipose tissue: its mechanism and effect of starvation. AB - Addition of serum to incubated adipose tissue resulted in excess of free fatty acids and/or glycerol released. It was propranolol-resistant and in many but not all experiments greater after using serum of fasting (FS) rats than that of fed rats (CS). The increment of free fatty acids and/or glycerol released due to the presence of FS was not potentiated by theophylline; however the effect of both CS and FS was potentiated by heparin. The postheparin serum lacked the property of CS or FS. By the interaction with serum, adipose tissue could be substituted by lipoprotein lipase isolated either from this tissue or from bovine milk. It is suggested that the difference between CS and FS might be caused by a qualitative alteration of the lipoprotein pattern resulting in easier availability of serum lipids to the extraadipose tissues during starvation. PMID- 1233850 TI - [Postsynaptic attack of tricyclic antidepressive agents in the circulatory system]. AB - Tricyclic antidepressives (TA) exert differential effects on the circulatory system, though all of them have one principle in common: inhibition of back resorption of noradrenaline in the adrenergic synapses. Of more importance, however, seems to be the dose rather than the type of substance used. Smaller doses were found to potentiate the pressoric effects of noradrenaline, while higher doses frequently had an inhibitory action. In rats pretreated with 6-OH dopamine, only an inhibitory action has been established. It is concluded that the TA must have a postsynaptic influence that becomes effective either through the membrane receptors and/or other factors within the cell. PMID- 1233849 TI - [Determination of kynureninase activity in oligophrenic children with hereditary taint, before and after vitamin B6 treatment]. AB - Kynureninase activity assay in oligophrenic children with hereditary taint, before and after treatment with vitamin B6. The hepatic kynureninase activity was assayed in 25 oligophrenic children with hereditary taint, and having a positive tryptophan load test. Eight cases (32%) showed an enzyme activity below the 2-s limit; in two cases, the pathologic enzyme activity could be almost normalized by addition of higher P-5-P concentrations. In a second set of studies, eight children with an abnormally low kynureninase activity were re-examined following a 3-week treatment with vitamin B6. The enormous in-vivo-activation of kynureninase reached in these studies lends support to the assumption of a vitamin-B6-dependent "inborn error of metabolism" in the tryptophan-kynurenin pathway in some of the investigated oligophrenic children with hereditary taint. PMID- 1233851 TI - [Demonstration of a fatty acid binding protein fraction in the rat placenta]. PMID- 1233852 TI - [Influence of hyaluronate and hyaluronidase on cephalic chondrogenesis in amphibia]. PMID- 1233853 TI - A comparison of the antigens of dorsal and ventral regions of Xenopus neurulae. PMID- 1233854 TI - Effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the development of Xenopus laevis eggs. I. Early stages of development. PMID- 1233855 TI - Further observations on axial rotation in rat embryos. PMID- 1233856 TI - [The globin pattern of chick-embryo erythrocytes]. PMID- 1233857 TI - Optimum and tolerated intake of fluorine. AB - Optimum and tolerated intake of fluorine has been studied on the basis of body weight, caloric and fluid requirement of subjects belonging to different age groups. The main F-source is consuming drinking water, and this normally contains 1 mg F/l. Thus, that amount of F should be considered optimal which is ingested with drinking water containing 1 mg F/l. The optimum per kg of body weight is 0.045 mg in infants. It decreases with age, in adults it amounts to half the optimum for infants on a mg/l basis. The tolerated and the chronic tolerated toxic amounts have been estimated for the different age groups. PMID- 1233858 TI - Clinical and immunological findings in hepatitis B antigen-positive and hepatitis B antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - The clinical, biochemical and immunological data of 24 hepatitis B antigen positive and 24 hepatitis B antigen-negative patients have been compared. In B antigen-positive hepatitis, being mostly the disease of males, an acute onset was frequent and perceivable cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis not frequent. In B antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis, in addition to the predominance of females, a "primary chronic" process, cirrhosis, elevated ESR, immunocytopenia, elevated alkaline phosphatase and IgG levels were more frequent. As regards the positivity of humoral and cellular autoimmune reactions and the impairment of normal cellular immune activity, no essential differences were found between the two forms of the disease. It is concluded that though the two clinical conditions represent diseases different in aetiology and manifesting with certain clinical and biochemical differences the role of immunological factors may equally be important in their pathogenesis. PMID- 1233860 TI - Serum beta1A/C-globulin level in early myocardial infarction. AB - Serial titration of the third component of complement (beta1A/C-globulin) was performed in 170 serum samples of 39 patients in the early period of acute myocardial infarction. During the first 24 hours there was a rise in mean concentration values. During the next 24 hours they remained unchanged, in severe cases the mean values even decreased. Subsequently the levels continued to increase. In 27 cases a sharp fall of the level exceeding the limit of normal changes was observed. It is suggested that during the early period of acute myocardial infarction the serum concentration of beta1A/C-globulin is under the influence of two opposite processes, one inducing a decrease, the other an increase of the level. PMID- 1233859 TI - Effect of methandrostenolone on serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in diabetic patients. AB - Eighteen adult diabetic patients were treated with methandrostenolone in daily doses of 15 mg for 3 weeks. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and lipoprotein lipase activity were determined before and after treatment. In patients with intense hypertriglyceridaemia, triglyceride concentration decreased and, with the exception of a single patient, lipoprotein lipase activity returned to normal. Cholesterol concentration did not change characteristically. PMID- 1233861 TI - Renal function in rats after unilateral ligation of renal artery. AB - As we reported earlier unilateral renal artery ligation is followed by a permanent hypertension that is accompanied by marked changes in renal function and in water components. In order to see when these characteristic changes take place we started our observations immediately after renal artery occlusion and finished them at the 3rd week. Rats were put into metabolic cages and several 24 hr urine samples were collected to serve as control values. Then the left renal artery was ligated and in the following 3 weeks observations were continued using also a parallel control group. The experiments ended with the determination of mean arterial pressure. We found that already within 24 hrs following unilateral renal artery ligation there are marked alterations in renal functional parameters that become even more significant with the passing of time. These changes are probably due to a promptly developing hyperfunction and hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. PMID- 1233862 TI - Haemodynamic changes associated with CCl4-induced acute liver injury. AB - Minor doses of CCl4 have been found to produce acute haemodynamic changes which promote elimination of the poison from the body. Major doses absorbed into the blood are followed by a transitory fall of perfusion pressure resulting in a deficient oxygenation of the tissues. The released mechanisms of adjustment result in general haemodynamic changes directed at the maintenance of blood flow in the vital organs, primarily in the brain. Accumulation of CCl4 is associated with prolonged haemodynamic alterations: the cardiac output and tissue flow decreases while peripheral resistance increases. The reduction in blood flow was most marked in the liver. The transitory and prolonged haemodynamic changes result in an impairment of hepatocellular nutrition and oxygenation, thus precipitating the injury caused by the CCl4 accumulated in the liver cells. PMID- 1233864 TI - [Paroxysmal rhinitis of occupational origin]. PMID- 1233863 TI - Treatment of diabetes insipidus with 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin. AB - The effect on water metabolism of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin and lysine vasopressin have been studied and compared in 20 vasopressin-sensitive and 2 ADH resistant diabetes insipidus patients. In every case of ADH-sensitive diabetes insipidus, diuresis decreased and the urinary osmolality increased more markedly and for a longer time with the former than with the latter drug. Both drugs were ineffective in patients with ADH-resistant diabetes insipidus. Administration of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin did not cause any side effect. It is concluded that 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin can successfully be employed in the treatment of ADH-sensitive diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1233865 TI - [Traumatic anosmia]. AB - Traumatic anosmy can be found after any traumatism of the skull, whatever its impact and intensity. A long loss of consciousness or a heavy post-commotionnal syndrom can increase a traumatic anosmy. The best way to really assess a traumatic loss of smell is to use of olfacto-breathing reflex and possibility for confirmation, the olfactive electroencephalography. The suppression of a traumatic anosmy can happen, but the published statistics on this matter seem a little too optimistic. With regard to stimulators, the rate is far too high than it is usually accepted. PMID- 1233866 TI - [1 case among many others]. PMID- 1233867 TI - [Importance of otoneurologic examination in the evaluation of cranial injuries. A propos of an unusual case]. PMID- 1233868 TI - Compulsion hysteria. AB - Compulsion is the most important symptom not only of compulsion diseases but acts as a dynamic element in relatively exceptional form of hysteria, called in this article "compulsion hysteria". Out of three patients observed by the author, one is extensively described. The fundamental structure of these patients is not that of the compulsive personality or of any other form of personality put forward by Rumke in his masterly survey of compulsive syndromes, the classic study called "Clinic and psychopathology of compulsion phenomenons". The basic personality disorder of compulsion hysteria is the hysterical personality. In the frame of this syndrome compulsion as an expedient to tyrannize other people in their surroundings. Analytically viewed, the libidinal fixation seems to be rooted between the anal phase and the oedipal phase. PMID- 1233869 TI - [Use of computers in clinical psychiatry. Statistical study of a population of treated alcoholics]. AB - According to their own standardized Patient Data Inventory, the authors proceed to a statistical comparative evaluation of 55 males neurotic or psychosomatic hospitalized alcholics and of two control groups of non-alcoholic neurotic or psychosomatic male patients: 252 ambulatory and 72 hospitalized. The authors find significant differences between alcoholics and non-alcoholics, especially: 1 no.) heavier family history (psychoses, dysgenetic disorders), greater incidence of psychosomatic disorders in the previous history, more distrubed parental relations in childhood (maternal overprotection and lack of paternal authority); 2 no.) from the patient viewpoint: a louder expression of somatic and functionnal complaints; 3 no.) from the therapist viewpoint, less emotionality, weaker expression of aggressiveness (either overt or latent). PMID- 1233870 TI - [Agnosic attacks with speech disorders and asymmetric EEG anomalies]. AB - The semantic and semiological limits of aphasia and agnosia are imprecise: in the present paper, aphasia is defined as a disorder of the verbal abstract representation of the world of signified, while agnosia is defined as a semantic disorder of sensorial analysis. Three electro-clinical observations of aphasic agnosic paroxisms with intricated speech disorders and disorders of sensorial identification are reported here. These paroxisms are associated with bilateral and asymetric EEG discharges. The reported observations raise the problem of the function of speech as regards somatic representation or the concept of body image. PMID- 1233871 TI - [Biological disorders of alcoholic origin]. AB - Chronic alcoholism tends to alter the serum levels of numerous blood components. In comparing the serum levels of these elements in a noncirrhotic chronic alcoholic patient after withdrawal, the authors determined a characteristic biological table. The serum factors demonstrating a significant difference after the withdrawal of alcohol were as follows: total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, serum iron, uric acid, hematocrit and the number of red blood cells. It is noteworthy that these tests are those of routine and can be performed in any modestly equipped laboratory. PMID- 1233872 TI - Use of D-cycloserine bitartarate for selective isolation of Clostridia. PMID- 1233874 TI - The spaying of pigs. Ovaro-hysterectomy or ovariotomy. PMID- 1233873 TI - Occurrence of contaminating viruses in various swine fever virus strains. II. Studies on Gillespie's cytopathic type-A strain and on other strains. PMID- 1233875 TI - Effect of age, nutrition and gonadotrophic hormone therapy on serum alkaline phosphatase activity in ewe lambs. PMID- 1233876 TI - Ultrastructure of adrenal medullary cells in the goose and duck. PMID- 1233877 TI - Studies on the cyclic changes in plasma progesterone level and pregnandiol elimination in cattle. PMID- 1233878 TI - Isolation of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus from cattle diseased with respiratory symptoms. PMID- 1233879 TI - Effect on laying geese of feeds containing the fusariotoxins T2 and F2. PMID- 1233880 TI - Seasonal variation in thyroidal 131I uptake and thyroxine secretion rate in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 1233881 TI - Presence of reoviruses in certain goose embryo isolates obtained from outbreaks of viral gosling disease and in chicken embryos. PMID- 1233882 TI - First derivative of the apex cardiogram and systolic time intervals in evaluation of myocardial contractility in man. AB - The sensitivity of various systolic ... myocardial contractility. PMID- 1233883 TI - The effect of beta-bromopyruvic acid on fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle. AB - Rabbit muscle aldolase (RMA) is 96 per cent inhibited in the presence of beta bromopyruvic acid (BPA) in a molar ratio of 1/250, during 60 minutes incubation. The chemical reaction of higher significance in this phenomenon is the alkylation of -SHgroups of both apparent and buried types, with formation of S-pyruvil cystein. The previous treatment of the enzyme with FDP protects aldolase, decreasing the rate of inhinition by BPA to about 56 per cent. FDP protection of the enzyme protects nearly 5-SH groups against the alkylating effect of BPA. Cyanogen bromide hydrolysis of the carboxymethylated protein results in the classical formation of 4 fragments, peptides F1, the NH-2terminal; F2, the COOH terminal; F3, the active site containing peptide; and F4, a small peptide located between F2 F3. The protection bestowed upon the enzyme by FDP, against the alkylating effect of BPA, is located in the F1, F2, and F3 either in BPA treated aldolases or in the BPA treated FDP-aldolase. Part of the inhibiting effect of BPA is then attributed to the possible interaction between this compound and the basic aminoacids in the aldolase molecule. PMID- 1233884 TI - Esterification of cholesterol by the hepatopancreas of the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - Homogenates of the hepatopancreas of the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata, previously called Australorbis glabratus Say, 1818 (Pressoa, 1969), were incubated with cholesterol-4-C14 (dispersed on celite) at 37 degrees C for 24 hr. The lipids were extracted, separated into classes by thin-layer chromatography and the radioactivity associated with the different classes determined. Net esterfication of cholesterol was then obtained by calculating the percent of the total cholesterol radioactivity incorporated into the esterified cholesterol. The esterified cholesterol was also fractionated by thin layer chromatography, and the relative distribution of radioactivity associated with the different cholesterol ester groups was determined. The results showed the presence of cholesterol esterifying activity in the hepatopancreas with a percent esterification of 20.6%. It was found that the accumulation of radioactivity was higher in the polyunsaturated esters and lower in the monounsaturated esters. PMID- 1233885 TI - [Screening of substances and extracts of plant origin in Walker carcinosarcoma 256]. AB - The authors realized a series of tests with extracts or plants or substances of plant origin in the experimental tumor Walker 256 to determine whether the extracts show anticancer activity. The samples tested were obtained in the authors laboratory or came from other centers. Thirty extracts, 26 of which were inactive and 4 active, were tested. The results shown in the tables are primary screens. PMID- 1233887 TI - Population genetic studies in bees (APIDAE, Hymenoptera). I. Genetic load. AB - Three populations of Apis mellifera each predominantly of a different subspecies (mellifera, ligustica and adansonii) and 7 species of stingless bees (Meliponinae, Apidae) were manipulated for applying the MORTON, CROW & MULLER's methodology in order to estimate the lethal equivalents (B) of each population. A total of 249 queens were used, 27 being meliponids and 222 Apis mellifera. The populations of Apis have a B that does not differ significantly when they are compared to each other (1.29, 1.36, 1.32) and the balanced average equals 1.33. When the x-alleles are not considered, this balanced value is 0.262. The figures for B in the seven species of stingless bees ranged between 0.104 and 0.159 with balanced average of 0.132. The main reason for this smaller load in meliponids may rest in their effective population numbers, which are smaller than those of Apis. The average mortality for diploid females (0.141) and for haploid males (0.163) allows the estimation of the total elimination (sigma E = 0.073). Since for haplo-diploid systems the total mutation rate is sigma mu = 2 sigma E divided by 3 the figure 0.048 is obtained. Since about 15% of the genes in Apis mellifera are sex limited, this value of sigma mu should be added of 0.0072 (that is 0.15 X 0.048) and then, the total mutation rate becomes 0.055. Using a quite different method, the one by MORTON, CROW & MULLER, the figure 0.076 was obtained. If a mutation rate of 10(-5) is assumed, the number of genes in Apis mellifera that can make a contribution to the genetic load would vary between 5,500 and 7,600. PMID- 1233886 TI - Electrofocusing of heparin: Presence of 21 monomeric and dimeric molecular species in heparin preparations. AB - Electrofocusing of heparins and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has shown that two types of heparins are present in different tissues. One of the types (from beef lung tissues) gives only a single band in agarose gel electrophoresis and 21 molecular species after electrofocusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The other type of heparin (from pork intestinal mucosa) gives two bands in agarose gel electrophoresis and 42 molecular species after electrofocusing and polyacrylamide. Ascorbic acid treatment of the pork intestinal mucosa heparin reduced the number of molecular species to 21. A suggestion is made that some heparins exist as monomeric or dimeric molecular species forming single or double helixes. PMID- 1233888 TI - [Functional analysis of contemporary mental health]. PMID- 1233889 TI - [Suicide and information: the role of the press]. PMID- 1233890 TI - [Psychic and somatic accidents due to the pill]. PMID- 1233891 TI - [New technic for rapid drug withdrawal for drug addicts: preliminary communication]. PMID- 1233892 TI - [Myoclonic encephalopathy due to bismuth poisoning]. PMID- 1233893 TI - [Application of the law of 3 January 1968 to incompetent adults in non-hospital practice]. PMID- 1233894 TI - [Identification in drug addiction]. AB - There is a need to define the field of drug addiction from both the theoretical and the practical point of view, but any attempt to do so encounters difficulties that are inherent in the many types of approach as well as in the polymorphism of drug addiction. The difficulties are also due to the present day consumption of pills which is very high both among members of our "square" society and in the marginal fringes, and occurs in and outside the field of drug addiction proper -- the guide being here the progressive increase of doses. The modes of use are not sufficient to determine the presence of drug addiction: the drug substance must have a psychism-oriented tropism; the increase in the dose of a non-psychotropic product is therefore a matter of hypochondria and not of drug addiction. The means of administering a drug also occupies a privileged place, in so far as the intravenous method suffices alone to label non-medical use as drug addiction. It is the hallucinogens that, despite the absence of physical dependence, most frequently pose the question of the definition of drug addiction, in view of the ritual dimension and the transgressive significance of the absorption of these products, even at relatively moderate doses, and hallucinogens pose this question all the more since their use emerges from a sub-cultural environment that produces typical drug addiction, namely intravenous heroin addiction. The latter does not raise the question of definition, but is used as the basis for a drug addiction referential system. PMID- 1233895 TI - [Drug addiction behavior in its relationship with suicidal behavior]. PMID- 1233896 TI - [Psychological changes in patients with Parkinson's disease during treatment with L-Dopa. Interpretation and comprehension of the observed phenomena]. PMID- 1233897 TI - [Survey of voluntary tattooing (analytic study of 43 Navy recruits]. AB - We report a new inquiry on 43 tattooed naval recrutees. Mean age: 19. Mean age at the time of the first tattooing: 16 1/2. Social and familial history shows frequent conflictual, divorced, separated parents; the father is often ill, old or missing. Most family have many children. Low socio-cultural and economical level is common. Forensic and pyschological history is already heavily rich. However tattooing and delinquency cannot be assimilated. As found in many other studies, most of the tattooed did not undergone this type of inquiry. Only particular tattooed are probably investigated, and comparative samples of non tattooed are lacking most of the time. Tattooing indicate more social and psychological misery of the milieu during childhood of this adolescents than their own pathological problems. It is more sociopathy than psychopathy. The analysis of the tattooed drawings is provided. They are stereotyped and commonplace, and very similar to graffiti. Circumstances at the times of tattooing are described as their present attitude to their tattooing, specially the wish to remove their tattooed figures. Recent literature is reviewed. PMID- 1233898 TI - [Alcoholism and depression (Note apropos of a survey using Beck's inventary]. AB - The authors summarize recent works that correlate depression and alcoholism. They give the result of an inquiry: 38 patients (7 women and 31 men) admitted for alcoholism were given the Beck inventory for measuring depressio;. Most of the men (18) were not voluntary for entering hospital; they were not depressed clinically and in the results of the Beck inventory (mean score=12,1). 13 men were voluntary for treating their alcoholism, most of them were clearly depressed (mean score=23.3). There is a good concordance between clinical data and Beck scores. This reminds us that depression may masquerade as alcoholism. PMID- 1233899 TI - [Epidemiologic approach to the mental pathology of a geographical area (evaluation of 1 year)]. PMID- 1233900 TI - [Outcome of mental patients treated in the framework of the geographical area]. PMID- 1233901 TI - [Arithmetic automatisms in subconfusional states]. PMID- 1233902 TI - [Process of perversion. Methodological and clinical study]. AB - Studies in classical psychiatry and psychoanalysis have reduced perversions to pathological phenomena, by lessening the moral criterion progressively. The applying of a comprehensive method of study of acquired perversions incites to consider various levels of observation. Henceforth properties common to each of these levels appears permitting thus to isolate a general process of perversion. This process, which keeps undeniable links with mental pathology, must however be differentiated, for it is not necessarily to be assimilated or reduced to the latter. Besides, it entails notable consequences on the social and cultural level. PMID- 1233903 TI - [Long Y chromosome (Yq+) and criminal behavior. Present state of our knowledge]. PMID- 1233904 TI - [I. Induced abortions and spontaneous abortions. Psychopathological aspects apropos of a preliminary sample of 411 requests for pregnancy interruption]. AB - Since 1975 (17th January), abortion is free and legal in France. The authors analyse 411 first cases of women requiring for an abortion (seen over a period of 11 weeks). Most of them are young women, single, many begin their sexual life. Unwanted pregnancy indicates absence of contraception by ignorance, refusal or ambivalence (never used = 184 cases). 105 women used archaic and inefficient contraceptive means. Modern contraceptive means was used by 154 women but ill applied, ill tolerated and/or discarded (pill = 103 cases, I.U.D. = 14, diaphragme = 2, condoms = 35). Unwanted pregnancy and abortion signify failure of contraception. We compare psychologic and psychopathologic features of women requiring repeated induced abortion with those of women suffering of repeated spontaneous abortion and infertility. These women have frequently (same) problems of feminine identity, bad maternal imago, absence of father, unhappy, and conflictive childhood, immature sexuality and personnality. Contradiction between conscious and unconscious wishes create the two opposite situations and intrapsychic conflicts (spontaneous abortion = conscious willing of pregnancy + unconscious rejection of unbearable pregnancy; induced abortion = strong but unconscious wish of pregancy + conscious and volontary rejection of maternity). Psychotherapy should improve sexual and affective life and in both cases. The authors compare infanticide and abortion behaviors, contraceptive means, and psychological problems of doctors who are asked abortion. PMID- 1233905 TI - [Exchanges in an expression group studied in videotape recordings. Preliminary study centered on observer reactions]. PMID- 1233906 TI - [Psychotic states and psychotic organization in mental anorexia]. PMID- 1233907 TI - [Antidepressive treatment with nortriptyline]. PMID- 1233908 TI - [Psychosis and the other reality. I. Introduction. What is madness? or, from madness to otherness]. PMID- 1233909 TI - [Discontinuous delusional processes and clinical factors in their activation]. PMID- 1233910 TI - [Patient with Klinefelter's syndrome. Remarks and commentary]. PMID- 1233911 TI - ["Altruistic" homicide or accompanied suicide: apropos of a case]. PMID- 1233912 TI - [Use of ludiomil in intravenous perfusions in the treatment of depressive states]. PMID- 1233913 TI - [Enzyme-histochemistry investigations on human splenic artery in normal and experimental conditions hypoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233914 TI - A histochemical research of phospholipids and simple triglyceride esters in human liver tissues. PMID- 1233915 TI - [Synthesis and degradation of the acetylcholine in mammalian's cerebellum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233916 TI - Histochemical data on the reuptake blockade of monoamines by chlomipramine (author's transl). PMID- 1233917 TI - [Localization of glycoproteins and of negative and positive charges in the cell coat of ejaculated rabbit and bull spermatozoa (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233918 TI - Research with fluorescence on the distribution of doxycycline in the human tissues . PMID- 1233919 TI - [A new iron containing antibiotic, AS-N-7a (author's transl)]. PMID- 1233920 TI - [Effect of x-rays on human adult skin explants]. PMID- 1233921 TI - [Cytological and cytochemical characteristics of cultured melanoma B 16 cells]. PMID- 1233922 TI - [Systemic glomic hypotrophy (glomoprival glomerulopathy)]. PMID- 1233923 TI - [Influence of prolactin on the appearance and development of experimental mammary tumors induced with 20-methylcholanthrene]. PMID- 1233924 TI - [The succession of events in "delayed" traumatic apoplexy. (Hyperthyroidism in the pathogenesis of "delayed" traumatic apoplexy in adolescents)]. PMID- 1233925 TI - [Pseudotumoral pathology of the pleura. Study of a case of fibroxanthoma]. PMID- 1233926 TI - [Rare tumors of bone: so-called "mesenchymal chondrosarcoma". Study of 2 cases with localization in the femur]. PMID- 1233927 TI - [Projections of a complex blastodermal derivation and of embryonal tissue interactions on the morphology of pulmonary carcinoma. (In the -entenary of the death of Karl Ernst von Baer, 1876-1976)]. PMID- 1233928 TI - [Multiple primary malignancies. A case with 4 primary tumors]. PMID- 1233929 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in childhood]. PMID- 1233930 TI - [Simple cysts of the parotid gland (report of a case)]. PMID- 1233931 TI - [A case of dorsal chordoma]. PMID- 1233932 TI - [Quantitative determination of chewing and rumination activities in dairy cows]. AB - A device is described (RMBZ) which allows to register the movements of the lower jaws of cattle during food consumption and rumination. A microfeeler is connected to the device which is fastened to the halter. With the use of this device following data can be obtained separately: the total number of chewing movements; the number of bits of food swallowed and the length of chewing period in this way it has become possible to avoid the laborious and time-consuming work that is necessary to analyze strip charts. Trials were performed with varying patterns of food ration showing that this device is particularly suited for studies of this kind especially when compared with other devices using strip charts. Average deviations, e.g. in the number of rumination activities, from those registered with the recorder device were +/- 5%. The measuring technique and the operating principle of the RMBZ device are described in some detail. PMID- 1233933 TI - [Physiological model of water and chlorine shifts in the lamb stomach following intake of sheep milk or milk substitutes]. AB - It has been found that the average concentration of hydrogen ions in the milk chyme formed in the abomasum of suckling lambs within a period of 1-3 hours after feeding is above a pH of 3.0, similar to that of calves (JANCARIK, 1961). Hence, the digestion of milk proteins in lambs must be expected to proceed mostly at a pH higher than that of pepsin digestion, that is to say, in most cases it will range between 3.0 and 5.0. pH titration curves were made of fresh untreated ewe's milk obtained from ewes of different breeds (Merino, Finnsheep, Romanowsheep) to calculate the amounts of water and chlorine which have to be secreted with the gastric acid to attain the pH level that is required for the digestion of proteins contained in 100 ml of ewe's milk. Similarly, calculations were made with regression equations (table 2) showing that the gastric secretion of water and chlorine as expressed by the percentage proportion of H2O and Cl in the blood was considerably higher in the young and especially the very young animals (figure 1). The susceptibility of young lambs is due to this fact. Moreover, attention is drawn to the interrelationship between the gastric digestion of proteins and general possibility of dehydration and loss of chlorine in cases of disturbed gastric secretion (e.g. gastric achlorhydria, absence of gastric enzymes, gastrogenic dysentery). The buffer capacity of fresh ewe's milk cannot be directly estimated from the concentration of hydrogen ions in it. It has been established that in some sheep the pH of milk may, under physiological conditions, exceed the value of 7.0; a condition that has an adverse effect on the nutrition of weak lambs. Figure 2 shows the differences between different breeds concerning gastric Cl secretion. The situation is similar with regard to H2O. PMID- 1233934 TI - [Studies on the additive character of amino-acid absorption data obtained from pigs. 2. Studies using regression technic]. AB - The first communication in this series (MEIER et al. 1973) reported the results of studies on the additive character of amino acid absorption data from pigs which were based on the use of the classics technique. In order to verify these results the studies were repeated, partly with the same components using regression techniques. The present studies on the additive character of amino acid absorption data showed that the additive character of these data can also be established in pigs. Moreover, the results of these investigations indicated that studies on the additive character of amino acid absorption values may be carried out by using the classical method. In performing studies of this kind attention should be paid to the fact that the rations tested should be such as to meet or nearly meet the maintenance needs of the animals. PMID- 1233936 TI - [Studies on the quantification of air in the process of silage making]. AB - On the basis of model concepts on physical gas exchange a technique was developed for studying the complex interrelationships existing between the characteristics indicating the suitability of a particular material for ensilage and the specific local conditions for silage making at the farm and in a silo. (degree of anaerobic conditions). Conclusions were drawn as to quantitative relations existing between the thickness of the marginal layers of a silage stack that are subject to losses and the compaction of the silage material and the sealing of the silage top during the periods of filling and storage. On the basis of these considerations limits are given for minimum filling of a silo per day of ensilage as depending on the compactness of the consolidated fresh or wilted silage material. Data are given for silage losses at the edged of the silage stack. PMID- 1233935 TI - [Influence of endogenous factors on the ash, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, copper and manganese contents in the bristles of pigs. 3. Influence of time of cutting on the mineral composition of the hair (boar bristles)]. AB - The ash content and the content of Ca, Mg, K, and Na in the bristles of pigs is influenced by the age of the animal and by the season of the year. The peak concentrations of ash, Ca and Mg in the bristles of eight boars (cut every month) were found in June, shortly before the change in hair coat. (P less than 0.05 0.001). The concentrations of K and Na in the bristles deviated functionally from the change in the hair coat. In the first half of the year the bristles of the boars contained significantly more K and Na than in the second half. Values for the elements P, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn were subject to great variations through the year. These variations were found to be different with different animals. The influence of endogenic factors on the Mn content of the bristles was particularly striking, also in regard of the order of magnitude. The processes of Mn metabolism in the bristles are obviously still archaic in origin and would thus only allow to make comparison with other values of the mineral content of bristles at the very time of sampling. Differences in the P, Zn, Fe and Cu content of bristles in the different months were, in some instances, statistically significant although variations in the annual mean values were found to be relatively small. PMID- 1233937 TI - [Determination of metabolic availability of zinc and estimation of zinc requirements through changes in the activity of metallo-zinc enzymes]. AB - Data on the zinc requirements of animals vary widely with the type of diet or kind of zinc compound considered, as they are dependent on the kind of definition and estimation of mineral requirements used which, in turn, are based on the analytical content of the mineral in the diet. Actually, requirements for a particular trace element are the same for any diet provided differences in the rate of absorption and metabolic availability of the element are taken into consideration. A suggestion is made in the present paper to utilize changes in the activity of different metallo-zinc enzymes as a method for determining the degree of metabolic availability of zinc. Within the framework of a repletion trial young male rats were fed a semisynthetic casein diet containing 1.2 ppm of zinc for a 14-day period of zinc depletion followed by a 15-day repletion period during which the rats received a diet containing 4.5 ppm or 12 ppm of zinc. In this trial the pattern of activity of the alkaline phosphatase in serum and in the femoral bones was studied and the level of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A and B was estimated. The data thus obtained were compared with those of pair-fed control animals and control animals fed a libitum. (96 ppm of dietary zinc). The results of the present trial show the metabolic availability of zinc can be determined by measuring the level of activity of these metallo-zinc enzymes. A suitable model was established. Moreover, attempts have been made to show in which way the zinc demands of growing, full-grown, pregnant and lactating animals may be estimated by measuring changes in the degree of activity of these metallo zinc enzymes. A definition is, in this case, given by that amount of zinc which allows for an optimum activity of the different metallo-zinc enzymes. Such data are applicable only to a particular diet or are valid only for a particular zinc compound. Principally, it is much better to relate the Zn requirements of the animal to the level of absorbable and metabolically available zinc. The present model has been suggested to provide a possibility for measuring the metabolic availability of zinc in the body. PMID- 1233938 TI - [Lysine resorption in rats fed on heated casein]. AB - Male Wistar rats six month old were fed on a diet containing 10% casein heated for 4 h at 140 degrees C; control rats got untreated casein. The content of available lysine (as determined according to RAO et al.) was 5.8 g/16g N in heated and 8.5 g/16 gN in untreated casein. The contents of free and total lysine and of epsilon-DNP-lysine were estimated in deproteinized portal blood plasma and in urine. In the former the contents of the remaining amino acids before and after acid hydrolysis were also determined. Deproteinized portal blood plasma of rats fed on untreated or heated casein contained, respectively, un mumoles per 10 ml: total lysine 9.0 and 9.9; free lysine 3.7 and 2.8; bound lysine (total lysine -free lysine) 5.3 and 7.1; peptide-bound lysine (determined as epsilon-DNP lysine) 4.9 and 4.6; and epsilon-bound lysine (bound lysine - peptide-bound lysine) 0.5 and 2.6. The data indicate that lysine with blocked epsilon-amino group was released in the course of digestion of the heated casein and absorbed. This is additionally substantiated by the presence of this form of lysine in the urine of rats given heated casein. PMID- 1233939 TI - [Studies on the 14C-15N-acetamide turnover in sheep. 1. Studies on the 14C turnover]. AB - 4 male sheep (average weight: 53.5 kgs) were fed a semisynthetic diet containing acetamide as sole source of nitrogen. At the beginning of the trial twin-labelled 15N-14C-acetamide was administered by way of a ruminal fistula. The curve pattern of 14C activity in the TCE-soluble fraction of the ruminal fluid showed a synchronous behaviour in all animals beginning at 3 hours after the beginning of the trial. A half-life of 2 1/2 hours for the rate of absorption of 14C acetamide and deaminated 14C acetate was established from the decline in 14C activity observed in the TCE-soluble fraction of the ruminal fluid. The peak level of 14C labelling in ruminal proteins was reached after 6 hrs. The specific 14CO2 activity in respiratory air reached its maximum level after 4 hrs, and was then found to decline continuously. 56% of the administered amount of 14C was excreted over a period of up to 50 hrs after beginning of the trial. The very fact that the peak level of 14C activity was observed to appear in the TCE-soluble fraction of the blood plasma as early as after 1 hr seems to indicate that acetamide is also absorbed through the ruminal wall. The half-life of decline in the 14C activity of this fraction was 5.7 hrs. Analysis by thin layer chromatography showed that 75% of this amount of activity is present in 14C acetamide. The rate of 14C incorporation into blood plasma proteins reached a plateau region after 21 hrs, which was also maintained on the 2nd day of the experiment. 6.5% of the administered amount of 14C activity was excreted in the urine until the 7th day of experiment. 76.6% of the amount of urinary 14C activity excreted within a period of 48 hrs were voided as 14C acetamide. 3.8% of the administered amount of 14C activity was excreted with the faeces within the first 6 days of experiment. PMID- 1233940 TI - [Studies on the protein and amino acid metabolism of laying hens using 15N labeled casein. 4. Fecal excretion of nitrogen and amino acids, digestibility of crude protein and absorption of basic amino acids]. AB - Generally, the faeces of laying hens fed 15N casein rations were found to contain equal proportions of TCE-precipitable and TCE-soluble nitrogen. Considerable variations were observed to occur between the 64 samples investigated (27%-75%) and no explanation was found to account for this fact. The content of basic amino acids in faecal proteins was found to differ considerably from that of the proteins in the intestinal contents. A high lysine content was found after the feeding of wheat. The present trial substantiated this result, provided the casein contained a certain proportion of non-available lysine. The apparent and true digestibility of dietary N was 88% or 91%, that of 15N (2nd and 6th day of experiment) and 92%. During the feeding of labelled casein a higher level of N labelling was found in the TCE-soluble portion of the faeces, whereas on the 8th to 12th day a higher level of labelling was observed in the TCE-precipitable portion of the faeces. The peak of 15N excretion occurred on the 3rd day of experiment. When 15N administration terminated the atom% 15N in the faeces and in urine was found to decrease rapidly approximating the initial level of labelling asymptotically. PMID- 1233941 TI - [Determination of feeding value based on simple food characteristics. 1. Determination of the digestibility of green foods and their preservation products]. AB - Regression techniques may be used to establish close relations between the crude fibre content and digestibility data of organic materials (total digestibility). It was shown from regression equations calculated for a number of feedingstuffs that the total digestibility of a feedstuff may be calculated, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, from the crude fibre content of the material. The range of variations from most of the digestibility data obtained for various feedstuffs, was clearly below the limit given (2.5%). When regression equations are used the variation limits should always be indicated for which they had been established. Differences within the different groups of feedstuffs are so small that in many instances, the same equation may generally be used for feedstuffs of the same group. Similarly, equations for calculating digestibility values may be derived on the basis of the lignin content of a material, although the range of variations will, in this case, be wider when compared with the crude fibre content. The reason for this must be seen in the greater uncertainty of the lignin method. Analogous regression equations may be found for the different conserving products of green feeds, in which certain alterations have to be made corresponding to the different methods of conserving used. On the one hand, these are accounted for by changes in the crude fibre content brought about by biochemical reactions during the conserving process on the other hand a special influence of conserving form can be observed. The content of digestible crude protein in green feeds can be established, with a high degree of accuracy, from the crude protein content of the material. The content of digestible organic matter can be calculated from the digestibility of organic matter and from the ash content of the material. The content of digestible organic matter is, in turn, closely related to the content of energetic feed units in a particular material. PMID- 1233942 TI - [Studies on the 14C-15N-acetamide turnover in sheep. 2. Studies on 15N turnover and comparative studies on the 14C turnover]. AB - Three fistula sheep with average weights of 52.2 kgs were given 37.9 g of 15N and 14C labelled acetamide (= 1.09 mg 15N' and 0,95 mCi14C) which were administered directly through the fistula. The half-life period of 15N retention in the ruminal fluid (TCE soluble portion) was found to be 4 hrs. 18 hrs after 15N administration increasing amounts of 15N were carried back to the rumen by way of the rumino-hepatic circulation. The 15N concentration in the blood (TCE soluble portion) rapidly increased up to a peak value and, from 3 hrs after isotope administration, the 15N concentration was found to decline continuously, with a slight discontinuation at about the 10th hr of experiment. The rate of 15N incorporation into the protein fraction (TEC soluble portion) of the blood was delayed by 4 hrs, relative to the rate of 15N incorporation into ruminal proteins. An average of 43.1% of the administered amount of 15N was excreted in the urine within 7 days. Up to the 4th day of experiment the half-life period of urinary 15N excretion was 19 hrs. An average of 15% of the administered total amount of 15N was excreted in the faeces. In this process, the peak values in both TCE fractions were observed to occur on the 2nd day of experiment. The proportion of isotope in the TCE soluble fraction was found to increase continuously compared with the total amount of the isotope excreted in the faeces. Isotope concentrations between 0.03 and 0.13 atom% of surplus 15N were found in organ and muscle tissues of a sheep that had been slaughtered 7 days after administration of the isotope. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of comparisons made with the analogous behaviour of 14C activity. PMID- 1233943 TI - [Studies of the influence of nutritional factors on the ruminal mucosa. 1. Structure and functional state of the ruminal mucosa after feeding of extreme rations and abrupt change in nutrition]. AB - Different rations were used in successive experimental periods (Dried green feeds (I), fresh green feed from sugar beet tops (II), concentrates (III, IV), and maize silage (V), to test the effect they have on the structure and oxidative functions of the ruminal mucosa in cattle. Rations I, II, IV, and V were both energy and protein equivalent. Biopsy specimens from ruminal papillae were taken on the day when rations were suddenly changed and on the 21st and 22nd day of the feeding period; they were then investigated histologically and manometrically. It was found that some characteristics, (viz. the type and thickness of the stratum corneum, the thickness of epithelia, the size of cell nuclei in the stratum basale of the epitheliumas well as the state of the lamina propria and the oxygen uptake were subject to alterations depending on nutrition. Nutrition with energy equivalent, but otherwise extremely different diets representing particular types of rations led to the development of different and quite specific functional states of the ruminal mucosa. All these functional states of the mucosa were found to be within the limits of normality but seemed to have a definitely more favourable functional effect in the case of rations I and IV than in the case of rations II and V. The feeding of concentrates (III, V) increased the energy intake to an amount of 6.6 kEFr, i.e. double that of the other rations, and brought about changes in quantitative parameters. These, in turn, indicated that proliferative and oxidative processes had been stimulated. Changes of this kind were accompanied by increases in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the ruminal fluid which rose from a maximum of 9 mMol per 100 ml (ration IV) to 12.5 mMol per 100 ml (ration III). Immediately after any change in nutrition brought about by a change of rations, processes of adaptation occurred in the ruminal mucosa. A balanced state of the mucosa was again achieved after a period of not more than 3 weeks. PMID- 1233944 TI - [Trace element supply to ruminants in the German Democratic Republic. 2. Supply of copper]. AB - The supply of copper to ruminants as influenced by and depending on the geological origin of soils was investigated in different parts of the GDR by using the hair test. Red clovers (meadow clover and field clover) were used as indicator plants. The following results were obtained: Data on the Cu content of clovers grown on soils of the same geological origin were found to correlate with r = 0,81. After eliminating the effects of Cu antagonists resulting from industrial pollution it was possible to establish numerical relations (B = 0.39 and B = 0.89) between the relative values (specific for the particular location) for the Cu content of the indicator plants and the percentage of cows suffering from Cu deficiencies (6.0 and 5.0 ppm Cu in hair). The lowest percentages of Cu supply to the ruminants (established on the basis of the Cu content of red clovers) were found on diluvial sandy soils, glacial loams and peat and bog soils whereas the highest percentages of Cu were found on weathered soils (of phyllite, gneiss, shell limestone, red marl soils and porphyry). Secondary Cu deficiencies in ruminants may arise, independent of the geological origin of the soil material, in places exposed to the main direction of the winds from major industrial areas (emission of SO2, Cd and Mo). Due to primary and/or secondary deficiencies the supply of Cu to ruminants in various locations (syenite, granite, red sandstone, gneiss, loess; peat soils, diluvial sandy soils) may be insufficient. A detailed description is given of areas where Cu deficiency is likely to occur and recommendations are given on how to use mineral mixtures containing a high proportion of Cu (1.00 g Cu per kg). PMID- 1233945 TI - [Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the breeding and laying period of hens. 1. Problems, analytical methods used and results obtained in the chick period]. AB - Different parameters were investigated in a trial carried out for the 8-week chick period with an experimental group receiving a protein feed in which 7% of the feed, relative to that of the control group, was replaced by protein-rich wheat. Values for consumption were higher in the controls than in the experimental chicks because of the lower energy content of the ration. Statistically well-established data were obtained indicating that the amounts of crude protein, lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids consumed per unit of weight gain were lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Total body analyses showed that the bodies of the control birds contained more crude protein (alpha less than 0.05) and less fat (alpha less than 0.001). The rate of mortality during the 8-week chick period was 1.1% in the control group and 0.5% in the experimental group. PMID- 1233946 TI - [Studies on reducing the crude protein content of feeds fed to chicks and young hens (laying stock)]. AB - 2 rearing trials were carried out on a total of 8550 hybrid chicks (White Leghorn) to investigate in which way food mixtures containing reduced levels of crude protein (supplemented or unsupplemented with amino acids) might influence the growth of chicks and young hens. Decreases from 21.5% to 16.5% in the crude protein content of chicken feed and from 15% to 13% in feeds feed to young hens (greater than 8 weeks of life) did not reduce the live weight of birds at the end of the rearing period to any appreciable extent. No clearly defined differences were found to exist between the different types of feed tested concerning the amount of food and energy consumed per unit of weight gain and the mortality rate among the birds; it was shown, however, that the demand for crude protein per unit of weight gain was clearly reduced in birds reared at the lower crude protein level. For young hens receiving the diet poorer in protein the date when the birds began laying was slightly delayed. Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found to exist between the young birds fed varying levels of crude protein, concerning the age at 50% laying performance and other parameters that are characteristic of the entire laying period (laying performance, weight of individual eggs, food consumption, mortality, fertilization of hatching eggs, hatchability of eggs). It appears that the feeding of a reduced protein diet to chicks and young hens (laying stock) did not have any detrimental effect on the growth and later laying performance of the birds. Apart from the fact that the demand for protein feeds is considerably reduced during the rearing period the costs of feeding per bird can also be cut down. PMID- 1233947 TI - [Determination of feeding value on simple food characteristics. 2. Determination of food energy value of green feeds]. AB - Regression analyses had been made to find interrelationships between the crude fibre content and the EFr content of green feeds. Regression equations were obtained from these analyses which were used to calculate the EFr values, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, from data on the crude fibre content. In these equations the b values were found to be by far more clearly differentiated than in the equations used for calculating digestibility values. These are apparently influenced by the composition of the feeds. The range of variations appears to be only slightly affected when we compare the data with those obtained in calculations made to established the total digestibility values. This is a fact that applies to both the green feeds and their conservation products. Studies investigating the relationships between the content of digestible organic matter (VOS) and EFr (as expressed by the conversion factor (see article) showed that the EFr data could be established, with a fair degree of accuracy, from the VOS values. The f values of the different feeds that were classified into particular groups of feeding-stuffs, were shown to agree fairly well; moreover, they were found to be largely independent of exogenic factors (such as vegetation and N fertilizing). Characteristic differences between the f values of the different conservation products and those of the green feeds were observed although these differences remained within narrow limits (1-3%), so that calculations can be made using only a few factors. When starch equivalents were taken into account it was found that the f values used in calculations for starch equivalents were clearly influenced by feed composition, which, in turn, was influenced by the particular effect of crude values in SE calculations. It is at this point that differences between the two systems of Food Evaluation become particularly apparent. The close relations existing between VOS and EFr values apply, first and foremost, to green feeds and their conservation products. Much wider differences in the f values of different feeds may be observed in the case of foodstuffs having a much more extreme composition. The f values of feedingstuffs with high protein content (e.g. blood meal) may be decreased down to a value of 0.7 while those of foodstuffs rich in fat (e.g. oil cakes or foodstuffs of animal origin containing a high percentage of fat) may be increased up to and over 1.4. In these cases, special circumstances have to be taken into consideration. PMID- 1233948 TI - [Resorption and incorporation of radioactive labeled amino acids during administration of various protein carriers in rats. 1. Resorption of 14C leucine and 3H glycine after intragastric administration]. AB - Male Albino rats (90-100 g) were fed ad libitum (with limited periods of feeding) for 14 days. The diets were adjusted to a crude protein content of 10%. Powdered whole egg, fish meal, yeast and gelatine were used as protein sources. Additionally, one group of rats was fed a protein-free diet. On the 15th day of experiment the rats were fed a test diet at a level of 2 g per 100 g of body weight. 2 hrs after that the rats received 25 muCi of 3H glycine and 5 muCi of 14C-L-Leucine per 100 g of body weight administered by way of intragastric infusion. It was found that a large proportion of the radioactive amino acids were absorbed as early as after 0.5 hr. The highest rate of absorption was observed in animals fed dietary proteins of poor quality or a protein free diet, so that in animals receiving a gelatine diet or a protein-free diet only 68.4% or 56.4% of the administered amount of 14C activity were detected inside the gastro intestinal tract after 0.5 hr. Analogous data for the 3H activity were 52.4% and 25.3%. Maximum absorption occurred after 3-7 hrs. Following this the level of radioactivity in the intestinal contents again increased reaching a peak value after 14-24 hrs; in the case of 14C activity this peak value amounted to 25.4% of the administered dose in animals fed the gelatine diet and 32.8% in the group receiving the protein-free diet. It was established that the major proportion of the resecreted amount of 14C activity was present in leucine. Until 72 hrs after the intake of 14C activity the level of radioactivity was again found to decline, a processes which was induced by processes occurring in the large intestines. Moreover, evidence was obtained in confirmation of previous findings, indicating that the composition of faecal amino acids was constant and unaffected by dietary proteins. PMID- 1233949 TI - [Determination of the true digestibility of amino acids in variously prepared potatoes in growing pigs. 1. Freshly steamed potatoes and silage made from steamed potatoes]. AB - Freshly Steamed Potatoes of 6 varieties were investigated. With 3 varieties the true N and amino acid digestibilities were found to be in good agreement, while great variations were found in potatoes of the other 3 varities so that it appears to be a matter of some doubt whether the true amino acid digestibility could, in the case of potatoes, be reliably derived from data on the true N digestibility. Differences in the true amino acid digestibility data were found between the varities of potatoes grown in different years. A positive trend was found to exist in the relationship between the absolute amino acid content and true digestibility. The true lysine digestibility of freshly steamed potatoes varies between 76-90%, the average percentage being about 80%. The true methionine digestibility was found to vary within still wider limits, although the average percentages was also about 80%. Values established for the true cystine digestibility ranged from 80% to 90%. The true amino acid digestibility data did not provide a sufficiently reliable basis for making conclusions as to the existence of a limiting amino acid. Both the lowest value for true digestibility and the greatest variations were found in the case of the amino acids alanine, tyrosine, and methionine. It was observed that silage made from steamed potatoes had a lower true digestibility of N than steamed fresh potatoes although the value for true amino acid digestibility were the same, with the exception of methionine and cystine. PMID- 1233950 TI - [Studies on growing pigs to determine the true digestibility of variously prepared potatoes. 2. Technically dried potatoes]. AB - There are two kinds of damage to potato proteins that may arise in the process of beat drying. Decreases in the gross lysine content are accompanied by a still much more pronounced depression of digestibility. If, for example, the gross lysine content of dried potatoes was only 50% of that of steamed potatoes then the average value for the true lysine digestibility was 15%; in some cases the content of truly digestible lysine was 0% when compared to that of steamed potatoes. Similarly, it was found that some types of dried potatoes with a dry matter content of about 88% had already lost about 43% of the truly digestible lysine contained in steamed potatoes. PMID- 1233951 TI - [Influence of mechanical and thermal treatment of animal feed on the true digestibility of amino acids. 2. True digestibility of amino acids in treated horse beans]. AB - Trials were performed to investigate in which way mechanical and/or thermal treatment of horse beans would have an effect on the harmful components that were shown to be present in horse beans. In the course of these trials amino acids from heat-treated horse beans (variety Fribo) were analyzed for their true digestibility. Apart from heat-treated horse beans the investigation included undecorticated and decorticated beans and a mixture of horse beans with spring barley. PMID- 1233952 TI - [Supply of trace elements to ruminants in the German Democratic Republic. 3. Supply of zinc]. AB - The supply of zinc to ruminants as influenced by and depending upon the geological origin of soils was investigated using the hair test and the technique of indicator plants. A total of 1276 samples of red meadow clover and 3022 samples of red field clover and 4184 hair specimens from cows were analyzed. The following statistically well-established results were obtained which appear to be generalizable: Red meadow clover contained significantly more Zn than red field clover (48 ppm/38 ppm). Red meadow clover and field clover grown on loamy soils (59%), weathered soils of less (59%), red sandstone (57%) basalt (53%), shell limestone (47%) and Keuper (41%) contained only 59%-41% of the amount of Zn found in indicator plants that were grown in locations were the highest Zn level (weathered soils of porphyry). Zn concentrations in red meadow and field clover grown on soils of the same geological origin correlated with r = 0.87. A positive correlation (B = 0.53) was found to exit between the relative proportions of Zn contained in indicator plants grown on a particular soil and the proportions of Zn contained in hair specimens from Zn-deficient cows (less than 100 ppm of Zn). The largest number of hair specimens containing less than 100 ppm of Zn were found in cows from areas with soils of basalt (17%), and loess (18%), areas with loamy soils (24%), and sandy diluvial soils (25%), or with alluvial pastures (23%), or with soils of Keuper (27%), shell limestone (22%) or red sandstone (29%). Ruminants in these areas are liable to suffer from Zn deficiencies. PMID- 1233953 TI - [Determination of metabolism-oriented methionine requirements using 35 S methionine]. AB - Experimental rats (weighing 50-100 gm) received semisynthetic diets containing 8%, 10%, or 12% of crude protein (Soya protein). These were supplemented with graded amounts of L- or DL methionine. After a 5-day feeding period the rats were injected 35S methionine. Subsequently, the levels of urinary 35S excretion were determined over a period of 4 days after methionine injection. The level of urinary 35S excretion was found to be clearly increased if methionine supplementation exceeded the methionine requirements of the animals. Supplementation with 0.15% methionine was just enough for diets containing 8-10% crude protein. 0.2% methionine had to be supplemented to meet the methionine requirements of the animals if the diet contained 12% crude protein. Requirements for the content of sulfur-containing amino acids in the protein were shown to be independent of the protein content of the diet, and were found to vary between 4.4% and 4.7% of the crude protein. The needs for methionine supplementation were independent of the fact whether L methionine or DL methionine was added. It is definite advantage of the present method that methionine demands are determined in close correlation with metabolic processes, including the maintenance metabolism. PMID- 1233954 TI - [Resorption and incorporation of radioactive-labeled amino acids during the administration of various protein carriers in rats. 2. Uptake of radioactivity by tissues of the gastrointestinal tract after intragastric administration of 14C-L U-leucine and 3H-glycine]. AB - Male Albino rats (weighing 90-100 gms) were fed ad libitum for 14 days with limited periods of access to food. Powdered whole egg (V), fish meal (F), yeats (H), and gelatine (10% protein in dry matter) used as protein sources. Additionally, one group of rats received a protein-free (e). Radioactive tracers were administered by intragastric infusion of 25 mu Ci 3H glycine and 5 mu Ci 14C L-leucine per 100 gm of body weight 2 hrs after the feeding of 2 gm of the experimental diet per 100 gms of body weight. The level of uptake of radioactive tracers from the different sections of the gastro-intestinal tract was measurels of 3H and 14C labelling in intestinal tissues were observed 3 hrs and 7 hrs after infusion. The level of 14C labelling was found to be negatively correlated and the level of 3H labelling was positively correlated with the biological value of the diet. Intestinal tissues are capable of storing considerable amounts of 14C radioactivity. So, 72 hrs after infusion, the following levels of 14C radioactivity (expressed as percentage of the total dose of radioactivity) were found in tissues of the gastro-intestinal tract: whole egg: 8.4%, fish meal: 9.6%, yeast: 13.1%, gelatine: 14.9%; protein-free diet; 14.2%. The quotients correlating the levels of radioactivity from the intestinal contents with that found in the intestinal wall suggest that the walls of the small intestine possess a high capacity for absorption. At all times of radioactive measurements the walls of the small intestine were found to contain higher levels of both 14C and 3H radioactivity than the contents of small intestine. PMID- 1233955 TI - [Resorption and incorporation of radioactive-labeled amino acids during administration of various protein carriers in rats. 3. Uptake of radioactivity by blood plasma, liver and muscular tissue and incorporation into tissue proteins after intragastric administration of 14C-leucine and 3H-glycine]. AB - Growing male rats received diets of varying biological value (protein sources: powdered whole egg (V); fish meal (F); yeast (H); gelatine (G); protein-free diet (e)) for a 14-day feeding period. Subsequently, 14C leucine and 3H glycine were administered intragastrically. The level of uptake of 14C and 3H radioactivity into blood plasma, liver and muscular tissue and the rate of incorporation of the radioactive tracers into the proteins of these tissues was examined. A negative correlation was found to exist between the incorporation of radioactivity into liver proteins and the biological value of dietary proteins, the former being mainly dependent on the level of incorporation into the liver. For muscular proteins the rate of incorporation decreases with the decreasing biological value of the dietary proteins. This may be attributed to the fact that with poor protein nutrition the rate of protein synthesis in the skeletal muscles is also reduced. Comparative studies on the specific 14C radioactivity from free leucine made in the group on the protein-free diet and in the group receiving the whole egg diet showed that the leucine pool of the skeletal muscles was markedly redueced in animals fed a protein-deficient diet while the leucine pool in the liver remained comparatively constant. PMID- 1233956 TI - [Relationship between the quality of dietary proteins and the functional status of the adrenal cortex. Variations in the content of transcortion, free corticosterone and total corticosterone in the blood plasma of rats fed with proteins of various quality]. AB - Growing male Wistar rats were used to test in which way variations in the quality of dietary proteins (10% absorbable crude protein; casein supplemented with 4% methionine (K); casein/gelatine (1 : 3); maize gluten supplemented with 4 amino acids; and maize gluten) influenced the binding capacity of blood plasma for corticosterone, and the concentration of corticosteroid-binding globulin ("CBG"), total corticosterone, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone in blood plasma. The binding capacity of the blood plasma for corticosterone and the total concentration of corticosterone, CBG, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone were found to rise with the improving quality of the dietary proteins (r = 0.830). A close correlation was found to exist between the concentration of total corticosterone in the blood plasma and CBG. Increases in the total concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma are, in 84% of all cases, brought about by increases in CBG concentrations. In conclusion, reference is made to the significance which such results may have for the control of regulatory processes. PMID- 1233958 TI - [Effect of changing fat and protein levels on various fundamental characteristics of lipid and protein metabolism in the blood serum and on the body composition of growing rats]. AB - A total of 263 young rats received 6 different diets containing varying levels of lipids and proteins. After a feeding period of not less than 3 weeks the animals were killed in a fasted state or after feeding and the blood serum was investigated for total lipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol, urea, creatinine and insulin. The bodies of the animals were analyzed for crude fat und crude protein. The body proteins seemed to be hardly influenced whereas considerable variations were noticed in the values for body fat, although these were not found to be clearly related to the intake of dietary fat. Values for the content of total lipids, free fatty acids and cholesterol in blood serum were shown to be clearly dependent on the amount of fat ingested. In addition, it was observed that these processes were partly influenced by dietary proteins. The values for urea, creatinine and insulin were only slightly affected by dietary fat, but were markedly changed by dietary proteins. Differences in total lipids and cholesterol as discussed above were blurred or disappeared altogether when the animals were analyzed after food intake; on the other hand, it was shown, that dietary proteins had a statistically well-established effect on the values for urea and a marked influence on insulin values. PMID- 1233959 TI - [Effect of zinc deficiency on glucose tolerance]. AB - 18 male rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into 3 groups each receiving the following amounts of dietary zinc: 2 mg/kg in the depletion group and 100 mg/kg in both the ad libitum-fed control group and in the pair-fed control group. After 34 days of experiment the rats were fasted for 12 hrs and then received 50 mg of glucose per 60 g of body weight injected into the femoral muscle. With equal intial glucose concentrations Zn-depleted rats exhibited a significantly reduce glucose tolerance compared with that of the ad libitum-fed control animals. The reduced glucose tolerance in the Zn-deficient animals does, in this case, not arise as a result of the reduced food intake and the resulting weakened condition of the animals. This was shown by results obtained with the pair-fed animals exhibiting a significantly more stable glucose tolerance than the Zn-depleted rats, which was even more rigid than that of the ad libitum-fed controls. PMID- 1233957 TI - [Relationship between the quality of dietary proteins and the functional status of the adrenal cortex. 5. Content of corticosterone and cortisol in the liver and in the mucosa of the small intestine of rats fed with proteins of various quality (estimation of binding capacity for corticosteroids)]. AB - Relationships between the Quality of Dietary Proteins and the Functional State of the Adrenal Cortex. (5) Content of Corticosterone and Cortisol in the Liver and in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine of Rats Fed Proteins of Varying Quality (Estimation of the Binding Capacity for Corticosteroids). Growing male Wistar rats were used to investigate in which way the quality of dietary proteins (maize gluten and maize gluten supplemented with amino acids) influenced the content of corticosteroids in the liver and in the mucosa of the small intestine of untreated rats (N), adrenalectomized animals (AE) and animals treated with corticosteroids (N + S). In AE animals the content of corticosteroids in the tissues was very low. In N + S animals of both dietary groups the mucosa of the small intestine contained more corticosteroids than the liver; the content of corticosteroids in the mucosa, however, was also found to vary in dependence upon the diet fed. The mucosa of N + S animals receiving dietary proteins of high quality contained more corticosteroids; this indicates a higher binding capacity of the mucosa for corticosteroids. PMID- 1233960 TI - [Studies on the modification of methionine imbalance in rats through the supplementation of threonine, serine, glycine or glutamic acid]. AB - Experimental rats were fed a basal diet containing about 10% of crude protein from casein which was supplemented with 5 g DL methionine per 100 g of food. Simultaneously, either threonine, serine, glycine or glutamic acid were added in amounts of 5 gms. After a 7-day feeding period the experimental animals were injected 35S-methionine. The animals were killed after an incorporation period of 24 hrs and the 35S activity measured in different organs and in the excreta. The pattern of body weight gains, and the values for 35S activity showed that glycine had reduced the toxic action of methionine. Threonine was shown to have a similar effect while, under the prevailing conditions, serine augmented the symptoms of toxocity. Definitely higher levels of 35S activity found in the residual carcasses after methionine or serine supplementation seem to suggest an increase in cystein formation in intermediary metabolism. This, in turn, delays the elimination of SH groups from the body so that as a result of this, a higher toxocity is observed. PMID- 1233961 TI - [Studies on the influence of various vitamin-B6 uptake in the hen on the nutrient content of liver, pectoral muscle, total body and egg]. AB - The present study included 2 trials which were performed to investigate in which way graded vitamin B6 supplies or vitamin B6 deficiency would influence the chemical composition of the whole body, the liver, pectoral muscle or the eggs of hens and in which way it might change the pattern of amino acid composition in the proteins of the pectoral muscle. The following results were obtained: No direct changes in the protein and fat content of the birds (total body, liver, pectoral muscle) were noted in trial 1 when graded amounts of vitamin B6 were supplied, whereas in trial 2 signifikant increases in the fat content of the body and decrases in the protein levels were observed when vitamin B6 supplements were added to a vitamin-deficient diet (pair-fed group) or fed to animals receiving increased amounts of food (controls). Variations in dietary vitamin B6 concentrations did not produce statistically significant changes in the protein and fat content of eggs, and in the pattern of amino acid composition of proteins in the pectoral muscle. However, with increasing vitamin B6 uptake, the serine to glycine ratio was narrowed. PMID- 1233962 TI - [Results of chewing and ruminant activity of cows fed rations of cereal straw of various physical forms and after chemical treatment with sodium lye]. AB - 3 trials were conducted with adult cows. The animals received different types of coarse fodder (straw, lucerne) which was subjected to chemical treatment (liquid NaOH) and mechanical treatment (pelleting, wafering); then, the chewing and ruminating activity of the cows was measured. Different criteria were used, i.e. movements of the jaws during food intake and rumination and number of regurgitated bits of food. On the average, one movement of jaws lasted 0.94 sec. and swallowing and regurgitation took 5.5 sec. From this, the duration of the rumination process was determined. No differences in ruminating activity were found between lucerne and chopped/chaffed food while the the case of wheat straw about 30% of additional ruminating activity was performed in comparison with pelleted lucerne and chaffed food. This structural effect was even a bit more pro nounced when the straw was first ground and then wafered. Preceding chemical treatment of the straw with liquid NaOH reduced the ruminating activity in the case of chopped food by 53%, with pellets by 40% and with straw pressed into blocks by 62%. The finess of the feed was in no case found to be related to rumination activities, while hardness of the food particles as well as physical and chemical treatment of the food had an importent influence on the rumination activity. PMID- 1233963 TI - [Studies in male sheep on the feeding value of excreta from young hens and broilers]. AB - 5 digestibility trials were carried out, each with 4 male sheep, to investigate the excreta of young hens and broilers produced as litter in hen batteries for rearing and fattening stock. Data on the digestibility of organic matter and energy of broiler excreta were 76.0% and 76.4%; i.e. these values were only slightly lower than those for the basal ration (barley + dried green lucerne: 76.6% and 76.8%). Digestibility coefficients for organic matter and energy content in the excreta of young hens were 69.4% and 70.4%, respectively. The protein digestibility of excreta of broilers and young hens was 82.3% and 84.3%; that is to say, the investigated dropping contained 330 g and 260 g of digestible crude protein per kg of dry matter. Due to the high ash content of the samples the energy content of the analyzed excreta was only 474 EFr and 421 EFr per kg of dry matter. PMID- 1233964 TI - [Influence of thermal and mechanical treatment of animal feed on the true digestibility of amino acids. 3. Influence of pelleting coarsely-ground cereals on the true digestibility of amino acids]. AB - It was found that different procedures of heat treatment influenced the true digestibility of nitrogen and of the amino acids in cereals. In view of the fact that under practical feeding conditions pelleting is the most widely used procedure studies were made in trials with young pigs fed coarsely ground barley or maize of pellets of these as sole diet. PMID- 1233965 TI - [Metabolism of 15N-14C-acetylurea in the sheep]. AB - 3 male sheep (phi 48.3 kg) were fed a semisynthetic diet containing acetyl urea as sole protein source and 15N-14C labelled acetyl urea (urea-C labelled) by intraruminal tube. A half life period of 4 hrs was established for the removal of labelled acetyl urea from the TCE-soluble portion of the ruminal fluid. The degree of 14C labelling in ruminal proteins was very low whereas the extent of 15N labelled protein synthesis was quite marked reaching a maximum between the 18th and 24th hour of experiment. The steepest rise of 15N incorporation into ruminal proteins was found to occur between 8 to 12 hrs after start of the experiment, i.e. at the time of peak level of 15N returned from 15N urea via the rumino-hepatic circulation. 23.3% of the amount of 14C activity administered (mean of all 3 experimental animals) was excreted through respiration. The curve patterns of both isotopes in the TCE soluble portion of the ruminal fluid were similar to that of the degasified TCE soluble portion of the blood blasma. At the peak time (8 hrs) a concentration of the nitrogen isotope of about 4 atom% excess of 15N was observed. The level of 14C labeling in blood plasma proteins was insignificant when compared with that of 15N labelling. The ratio at the peak time was 1:10; the same ratio was found for ruminal proteins. From this it can be concluded that the process of labelling of blood plasma proteins proceeds mainly through microbial protein synthesis. Sheep I and III excreted an average of 60.6% of 14C activity and 57.0% of the administered excess of 15N in the urine. 6 hrs after the beginning of the experiment 81% of the amount of urinary 14C activity was found to occur as acetyl urea; after 48 hrs this amount had decreased to 50%. All experimental sheep excreted a urinary sediment consisting mainly of acetyl urea. The level of faecal 14C excretion (1.4%-2.9% of the amount administered) was considerably lower than that of 15N excretion (9.1%--15.6% of the administered dose). The TCE soluble fraction of the faeces contained up to 2% of the 14C dose and 3% of the 15N dose. The true digestibility data of 15N from 15N acetyl urea varied between 96.4% and 98.2%. An average of 40.9% was obtained for the 15N balance over the 7-day trial period. PMID- 1233966 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative studies on the metabolism of fatty acids, in particular on that of linoleic acid in calves]. AB - 24 calves of the breed "Deutsche Schwarzbunte Rasse" were used for qualitative and quantitative investigations on the metabolism of fatty acids, particularly that of linoleic acid. The trial comprised 6 calves in 4 groups. The experimental rations consisted of powdered skim milk, oat meal, milk sugar, coco fat and varying proportions of linoleic acid (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%). The control group received the basal ration without supplements of linoleic acid. After a short period of adjustment the metabolic trial was started with 9 periods each lasting 7 days. The composition of fatty acids in the faecal lipids was analysed by gas chromatography. The studies led to the conclusion that the fatty acids contained in the faecal fat were not immediately derived from the dietary fat. The results of the trial also showed that the major proportion of all the fatty acids present in the faecal lipids consisted of only 4 fatty acids, viz. oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid and myristic acid. Changes observed for the content of linoleic acid in faecal lipids were negligible so that the assumption may be made that all of the linoleic acid added was completely digested. PMID- 1233967 TI - [Effect of different types of rations on various characteristics of ruminal and intermediary metabolism in sheep. 1. Formation of volatile fatty acids]. AB - Studies on Ruminal Physiology were made with 15 growing female Merino sheep to investigate the influence of different types of rations on the fermentation of volatile fatty acids. The rations were constructed of green feed, straw and concentrates (type 1) or chemically treated straw pellets + concentrates (type 2). One ration (type 3) consisted of concentrates only. With regard to the total concentration of acids ration 3 was significantly superior to the 2 other types of rations. Moreover, ration 3 produced a specific fermentation pattern of the volatile fatty acids. This was characterized by a significant reduction in the molar proportion of acetate compared with ration 1 and 2 and a significant increase in the level of propionic and valeric acid relative to ration 1. Differences in the fermentation pattern between rations 1 and 2 were mainly limited to differences in the absolute and molar proportions of propionate where the straw pellet rations in each case produced the significant higher values. The acetate to propionate ratio was narrowed in the order of ration 1-3 (4.1 :1, 3.1:1, 2.6-2.9 :1). Statistically wellestablished negative correlations were found to exist between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and the pH values which were established simultaneously. PMID- 1233968 TI - [Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the rearing and laying period of hens. 3. Effect of graded lysine doses on the crude nutrient content of carcasses and on the level of amino acids and GOT activity in the blood of young hens]. AB - A large-scale trial was carried out under commercial conditions to investigate to which extent the feeding of rations with varying lysine content to young hens would influence the crude nutrient content of the body fractions and might change the pattern of amino acid composition and the activity of GOT in the blood. Four rations were fed each containing 14.2% crude protein, 626-633 EFh units/kg and 0.59%, 0.61%, 0.54% and 0.46% lysine. The crude protein and crude fat content of the total body and of body fractions were in no case found to be related to the feeding regime. The proportion of crude ash in the "remainder of non-utilizable parts", in "bones", "intestinal and abdominal fat", "ovaries" and "small intestine" decreased with the decreasing lysine content of the rations. The concentrations of free lysine, histidine, arginine, and phenylalanine in the deproteinized blood plasma of the young hens were significantly (a = 0.01) lower in the birds of the lysine deficient group than in the hens of the other groups. Positive regressions were calculated for the lysine content or the content of aspartic acid in the ration and the pattern of free amino acids in blood plasma. Positive and negative linear relationships were found to exist between the concentrations of free lysine, and those of histidine, arginine or threonine, and serine. A close correlation existed between the total amount of essential amino acids in blood plasma and the lysine concentrations of the plasma. Increasing lysine supplementation produced a decline in the N content of the whole blood and blood corpuscles but a rise in the N content of blood plasma. The activity of GOT in the blood of young hens was not found to be useful as an indicator of the quality of dietary proteins. PMID- 1233969 TI - [Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the rearing and laying period of hens. 4. Effect of graded lysine doses during the rearing of young hens on the performance characteristics during the laying period]. AB - 1530 laying hybrid hens kept under conditions of large-scale production were used to test whether varying lysine levels given to young hens would later on influence the production of the birds during their laying period. Thus, young hens received isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets with varying lysine content (group 1-4: 0.59%, 0.61%, 0.54%, 0.46%) and varying sources of lysine (group 1: wheat/fish meal; group 2--4: wheat/synthetic L-lysine). The ration used for the controls was prepared on the basis of nationally prescribed formulas. PMID- 1233970 TI - [Studies on the use of wheat rich in crude protein in the feeding of broilers. 1. Experimental procedure, weight gains, food consumption and food efficiency]. AB - A fattening trial was carried out with 8 groups of broilers each comprising 1225 birds. Within this trial tests were made to replace the protein feeds of newly hatched chicks over a period of up to 56 days of age, by wheat rich in crude protein. If wheat with a high crude protein content is fed supplementation with lysine and methionine will be necessary depending on the kind of protein feed used. No supplementation with amino acids is required if rations of fish meal + extracted soya bean meal are used despite their reduced content of these amino acids. The broilers consumed larger quantities of the wheat + extracted soya bean meal+fish meal ration than of the mixtures containing no fish meal. Food requirements per unit of weight gain were the same for the mixtures containing high-protein wheat and for the standard maize ration. The lowest food consumption per unit of weight gain was computed for the wheat + extracted soya bean meal diet supplemented with amino acids. The same quantities of lysine, thioamino acids and threonine were necessary for broilers receiving the wheat rations as for birds of the standard group. Protein feed may be saved by using high-protein wheat in the fattening of broilers. The rates of weight gain obtained with these rations are the same or even better than those achieved with rations of maize + fish meal+soya bean meal. PMID- 1233971 TI - [Studies on the use of wheat rich in crude proteins in the feeding of broilers. 2. Carcass yields and carcass composition]. AB - Studies were made to investigate whether the the substitution of maize for high protein wheat fed in combination with different protein in fattening rations to broilers would influence the carcass yields and chemical carcass composition of broilers. The described dietary regime was not found to have a significant influence on the different criteria of carcass composition (roaster carcass, flesh, abdominal fat, total proportion of utilizable parts) with the exception of the relative proportion of utilizable offals. The chemical composition of the total body and of all the utilizable parts showed little variation with the different types of feeding. The fat content of all the utilizable parts was much more dependent on the carcass weight of the birds at the end of the fattening period than on the composition of the rations (type of cereals used; supplementation of amino acids). PMID- 1233972 TI - [Effect of various technological processes on the feeding properties of extracted sunflower meal]. AB - The extracted sunflower meal with low cellulose content that was obtained by a new technological procedure exhibited better feeding properties than the sunflower meal produced by the old procedure. This is due to reduced protein denaturation and restricted deterioration of lysine but other biological factors may also be involved in this. The extracted sunflower meal with low cellulose content produced nearly identical results compared with those of extracted soya bean meal, and even a somewhat more efficient rate of gain. This is probably due to the higher methionine content of the meal, a fact which was also pointed out by other authors doing experimental work with extracted meals. It is a matter of great economic importance that the expensive soya bean meal which has to be, for the most part, imported to Bulgaria, can be replaced by this type of extracted sunflower meal. On the basis of the new technological procedure it has become possible to produce an extracted meal with low cellulose content from an ordinary extracted meal by using a fairly simple procedure (removal of seed husks). PMID- 1233973 TI - [Addition of various types of fat to mixed dry feed as influencing the growth rate and the level of food utilization in rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri)]. AB - Commercially prepared mixtures of dry feed for trout were supplemented with sunflower oil, cod liver oil or emulsions of fish oil in amount of about 5% and were fed to hatchery rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) for an experimental period of 112 days at water temperatures ranging from 13 degrees to 20 degrees C. The fish receiving the fatted pellets were clearly superior to the controls in regard of rate of gain, food utilization and protein utilization. The best results were obtained with additions of sunflower oil. In this case, the rate of gain was 382% as compared with 262% (for the controls), food consumption per weight gain of fish was 1.28 compared with 1.98, PER 2.04 compared with 1.26 and PPW (productive protein value) 34.5 relative to 22.4. Additions of fat to the feed increased the fat content of the experimental fish by about 3%, raising it to an average total of 11.5%. The same effect had already been observed in a previous trial as a result of a 10% addition of sunflower oil. PMID- 1233974 TI - [Studies on the protein and amino acid metabolism of laying hens using 15N labeled casein. 2. 15N incorporation into the N fractions and basic amino acids of the hen stomach and into the contents of the crop and stomach]. AB - 4 colostomated laying hens received 15N labelled casein as sole protein source for a period of 6 days. Two birds each were slaughtered on the 8th and 12th day of experiment. 23.5% of the total N in the glandular stomach and the gizzard were TCE soluble. The amino acid composition of the gastric proteins was broader than that of the proteins of flesh, with the exception of lysine and histidine. The atom % 15N' of the N of the stomach was roughly the same as that of the protein N; the level of labelling in the TCE soluble N fraction was only slightly higher. 2 and 6 days after the final administration of tracer N an appreciable proportion of 15N was found in the N fractions and in the basic amino acids contained in the crop and the stomach. From this is may be concluded that a considerable portion of the N-containing substances previously absorbed were secreted into the lumen of the crop and the stomach. PMID- 1233975 TI - [Studies on the protein and amino acid metabolism of laying hens using 15N labeled casein. 15N concentration in the intestinal content and intestinal tissue in relation to the time of the last 15N administration]. AB - Four laying hens with anus praeternaturalis were fed 15N casein for a period of 6 experimental days. Each experimental bird thus received a 15N excess (15N') of 154.44 mg. 11.54 mg of 15N' were found in lysine 3.99 mg in histidine and 9.58 mg in arginine. 2 hens were slaughtered 48 hours after the last 15N dose; another 2 were sacrificed after 144 hrs. In this investigation the N content of the intestinal contents and in the proteins of the small and large intestine were determined. The average N content of the small intestine per hen 2.65% that of the large intestine, 2.60% and, correspondingly, the TCE soluble proportion of N was 21.8% and 20.4%. The percentage of amino acids in the contents of the small intestine was found to change relative to that of the dietary proteins, approximating the protein composition of the intestine. In the first two hens the atom % 15N' was found in the different sections of the intestine and in the intestinal contents varied between 0.14 and 0.28. The data obtained from the two hens slaughtered 144 hours after the last 15N' dose were nearly the same ranging from 0.08 to 0.10 atom % 15n'. PMID- 1233976 TI - [Influence of endogenous factors on the ash, calciu, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, copper and manganese contents in the bristles of pigs. 4. Effect of time of cutting and heredity on the inorganic components in the hair of the pigs (bristles of sows and piglets, newly grown hair)]. AB - Samples of sow bristles were examined every 3 months. The results obtained confirmed the monthly gathered experimental data on the ash content and the Ca, Mg, K, and Na content (P less than 0.05-0.001) of Boar Bristles. Similarly, investigations made every 3 months showed a significant seasonal influence on the concentration of these mineral components in the bristles of the pigs (P less than 0.05-0.001). A comparison was made between newly grown hair and original bristles showing the presence of other yet unknown factors that had a controlling influence on the mineral composition of the hair. The inorganic components in the short newly grown hair were not different from those found in analogous long hair. PMID- 1233977 TI - [Studies on the suitability of solid materials in porcine feces for use in the fattening of cattle. 1. Procedure and results of fattening trials]. AB - Mixtures of pelleted fool containing 30% or 50% of solid material from pig semi liquid manure were fed to fattening bulls in a 252-day feeding trial. The controls (comprising 9 animals each) received pelleted straw concentrates. The digestibility of the pellets used in these trials was tested on sheep. The animals accepted these pellets readily after a period of adjustment (consumption of dry matter per animal per day: 7.58 kg and 8.20 kg). The daily weight gains of the experimental animals were 1176.0 g and 1003.5 g. The energy required per kg of weight increase was found to be 3.72 kEFr and 4.02 kEFr. The solid materials obtained from pig semiliquid manure were found to have a lower feeding value than the pig faeces, the feeding value of the solid materials corresponding to that of meadow hay of medium quality. The solids may be used to advantage for fattening cattle when fed in combination with straw, cereals and sugar beet products. PMID- 1233978 TI - [Influence of crude fibers in the diet of rats on the absorption of amino acids]. AB - Growing rats received either a protein-free experimental diet or a diet containing 15% crude protein (whole egg). The crude fibre content of the diet was adjusted to 5%, 10%, or 20% by adding various proportions of what straw meal. Following a preliminary 7-day period of feeding the animals received L-14C Leucine administered by stomach tube or by subcutaneous injection. In a 72-hour post-experimental period analyses were made to investigate the urinary and faecal excretion of radioactivity. About 50% of the amount of radioactivity excreted with the feaces were of endogenic origin. In general, higher percentages of straw meal in the diet produced higher levels of faecal 14C excretion. It was only in the animals placed on the whole egg diet that the TCA soluble portion of radioactivity was found to rise with the increasing straw content of the diet. The experimental results substantiate the assumption that native crude fibre influences the process of intestinal sloughing and, additionally, it is capable of abosrbing or adsorbing amino acids, peptides or protein, due to its spatial configuration. Similarly, it affects the digestion and resorption of proteins. PMID- 1233979 TI - Synthesis of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines from indoleamines via enzymatic formation of formaldehyde from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. PMID- 1233980 TI - (3H)Choline entry and (3H)acetylcholine formation in leech segmental ganglia. PMID- 1233981 TI - Estrogenic behavior of 2(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane and its homologues. PMID- 1233982 TI - Investigation on the oxidative N-demethylation of aryl triazenes in vitro. PMID- 1233983 TI - The effect of lithium treatment on the acetylcholine content of rat brain. PMID- 1233984 TI - The effect of lithium on liver glycogen concentration in the rat. PMID- 1233985 TI - Chemical reactivity, metabolic oxirane formation and biological reactivity of chlorinated ethylenes in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. PMID- 1233986 TI - Drugs in the elderly. PMID- 1233987 TI - Prostaglandins and asthma. PMID- 1233988 TI - The effect of ageing on plasma pethidine concentration. AB - 1. Plasma pethidine levels have been monitored after the administration of 1.5 mg/kg intramuscularly to a group of young (under 30) and old (over 70) subjects. 2. Plasma levels were consistently higher in the old group, this was most marked for the first three hours but for most of the study there was a more than two fold difference. 3. Differences in uptake from muscle and in metabolism were small and appeared unimportant. 4. Less pethidine was excreted in the elderly and this contributed to the overall differences in serum levels but was not important in explaining the marked disparity noted over the first three hours. 5. Red cell binding of pethidine by the young was much greater than by the old and if the differences in drug binding also applies to other tissues this would explain the high serum levels in the old and the increased incidence of side effects. PMID- 1233990 TI - Absorption of enteric and non-enteric coated prednisolone tablets. AB - 1. Relative rates of absorption of enteric and non-enteric preparations of prednisolone were measured in five renal transplant recipients. 2. The absorption of the enteric coated preparation is delayed and the peak plasma concentration is much lower than that attained using the same dose of the uncoated material. 3. The therapeutic implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 1233989 TI - The effect of age on plasma levels of propranolol and practolol in man. AB - 1. Plasma levels of propranolol and practolol were measured in groups of elderly and young subjects, after the oral administration of propranolol (40 mg) and practolol (200 mg) on separate occasions. 2. At all sampling times the mean plasma propranolol level in the group of elderly subjects was substantially greater than the corresponding level in the group of young subjects, there being a significant difference between the two, and a fourfold difference in the mean peak levels. 3. After practolol, there was no significant difference between the mean plasma concentrations of the drug in the two groups for the first 2 hours. Subsequently, the mean plasma levels in the group of elderly subjects were somewhat higher than the corresponding levels in the young group, the differences between the two reaching significance. 4. It is suggested that there is a need to substantially reduce the dose of propranolol given to elderly patients. With practolol, however, no reduction is necessary providing renal function is normal for the patient's age. PMID- 1233991 TI - Measurement of plasma prednisolone in man. AB - 1. A modification of the competitive protein binding assay for prednisolone described by English, Chakraborty & Marks (1974) is presented. 2. Addition of pg quantities of [3H]-prednisolone following oral dosage with prednisone or prednisolone. 3. Mean plasma half-life and peak plasma concentrations in patients with respiratory disease seen following prednisolone administration agree well with previous studies in healthy volunteers performed by other workers using competitive protein binding and radioimmunoassay techniques. 4. A considerable inter-patient variation in bioavailability after a standard dose of prednisolone (20 mg) was noted. PMID- 1233992 TI - Prednisolone levels in the plasma and urine: a study of two preparations in man. AB - 1. A competitive protein binding method was used to measure prednisolone and cortisol in blood and urine of volunteers given prednisolone by mouth (15 mg) in the standard tablet form and a fortnight later a regulated release formulation of prednisolone metasulphobenzoate containing an equivalent amount of prednisolone. 3. Plasma prednisolone levels rose rapidly after the standard tablet and more slowly after the regulated release form. The normal activity of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis as measured by the 09.00 h plasma cortisol concentration was present 24 h after ingestion of the regulated release preparation. In contrast, the 09.00 h plasma cortisol level was reduced in subjects 24 h after receiving prednisolone in the standard tablet form. PMID- 1233994 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of phenytoin in man measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - 1. Serum concentrations of phenytoin were studied by radioimmunoassay in five normal volunteers following a single oral dose of phenytoin sodium (100 mg). 2. Two distinct peaks were found at 2.5-3.5 and 10-12 h after ingestion. Maximum serum concentrations ranged from 1.56 mug/ml. The mean plasma half-life of the drug under these conditions was 9.81 +/- 0.66 (s.e. mean) hours. PMID- 1233993 TI - The plasma half-life of antipyrine in chromic uraemic and normal subjects. AB - 1. Antipyrine was given intravenously in a dose of 18 mg/kg body weight to twelve patients with chronic renal failure (plasma creatinine greater than 4.9 mg/100 ml) who were not taking drugs and twenty normal subjects. 2. Plasma antipyrine levels were measured by a specific method, the plasma half-life of the drug was determined and used as an index of drug oxidation. 3. The mean (+/- s.d) plasma antipyrine half-life in patients with chronic renal failure (7.3 +/- 2.0 h) was significantly shorter than in normal subjects (13.2 +/- 4.3 h: P less than 0.002). There was no difference in the apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine between the two groups (P greater than 0.6). 4. Pretreatment of five patients with chronic renal failure and seven normal subjects with antipyrine or phenobarbitone for weeks significantly shortened the mean plasma antipyrine half life from 7.4 +/- 2.5 h to 5.0 +/- 1.5 h in uraemics (P less than 0.005) and from 13.2 +/- 4.5 h to 6.9 +/- 1.5 h in normal subjects (P less than 0.0025).5. These results suggest that oxidation of antipyrine by hepatic microsomal enzymes is increased in patients with chronic renal failure, but a state of maximal induction of these enzymes was not observed. The clinical implication of this finding with regard to the association between liver microsomal enzyme induction and vitamin D resistant osteomalacia is discussed. PMID- 1233995 TI - Binding of prostaglandin E2 to blood in man. PMID- 1233996 TI - Separation and detection of picomole quantities of azathioprine metabolites. PMID- 1233997 TI - A relationship between plasma uric acid concentration and the apparent response to frusemide in normal subjects. PMID- 1233998 TI - Pupil responsiveness to tyramine in depressed patients treated with amitriptyline. PMID- 1233999 TI - A simple method for the determination of beclamide in plasma by gas chromatography. PMID- 1234000 TI - The specificity of the action of hyoscine on human learning [proceedings]. PMID- 1234001 TI - Effect of aspirin on ascrobic acid metabolism during colds [proceedings]. PMID- 1234002 TI - The accumulation of storage iron in patients treated for iron deficiency anaemia [proceedings]. PMID- 1234003 TI - Major determinants of drug disposition in chronic liver disease: a study with indocyanine green and antipyrine [proceedings]. PMID- 1234004 TI - Lincomycin bone concentrations during total hip replacement [proceedings]. PMID- 1234005 TI - Disopyramide: a study of its acute electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects [proceedings]. PMID- 1234006 TI - Deterioration in glucose tolerance following prolonged diuretic treatment for hypertension [proceedings]. PMID- 1234008 TI - Studies of plasma levels and the excretion of beclamide in normal human subjects [proceedings]. PMID- 1234009 TI - A method for the screening of iron chelating compounds [proceedings]. PMID- 1234007 TI - The role of muscle trauma in the production of hyperkalaemia following suxamethonium [proceedings]. PMID- 1234010 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in patients with chronic schizophrenic illnesses untreated by neuroleptic drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 1234011 TI - Measurement of serum phenytoin levels by radioimmunoassay following single oral doses [proceedings]. PMID- 1234012 TI - The skeletal muscle response to the repeated administration of suxamethonium and its interaction with edrophonium in anaesthetised man. AB - Tetanic and single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis muscle in man were recorded during repeated injections of suxamethonium (0.2 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg) every 15 minutes. 2 Tachyphylaxis to suxamethonium developed rapidly in every patient studied when single twitch contractions were observed but tetanic contractions later showed an increasingly prolonged recovery with repeated injections. 3 Edrophonium administered at the point of 50% recovery of the tetanic contractions in patients given suxamethonium (0.2 mg/kg) repeatedly first potentiated the blockade but when the tachyphylaxis had developed fully on the single twitch, usually after the third or fourth injection, the blockade of the tetanic contractions was reversed. 4 These findings indicate that the tachyphylaxis and the change in the nature of the blockade produced by suxamethonium in man take place at the same time and might be part of the same phenomenon. PMID- 1234013 TI - Effect of intravenous injection of salbutamol in asthma. AB - The effect of i.v. salbutamol was compared with aerosol salbutamol in ten asthmatic patients. 2 A cumulative dose of salbutamol (300 mug) given in three separate injections over 45 min resulted in a mean increase in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of 38.3% and FEV1 of 36%. 3 There was no significant difference in degree of bronchodilatation to the same dose of salbutamol administered intravenously or by aerosol. 4 Palpitations, tremor, and postural hypotension were common when the drug was injected intravenously over one minute, but did not occur after aerosol administration. 5 It is suggested that sulbutamol by intravenous injection is a useful addition to the treatment of acute asthma. PMID- 1234014 TI - Intravenous infusion of salbutamol in the treatment of asthma. AB - The effects of i.v. infusion of increasing rates of salbutamol for up to 4 h were documented in ten convalescent asthmatic patients. 2 The major bronchodilator effect was seen at 4.16 mug/minute. A small further improvement occurred at infusion rates up to 25.0 mug/min but was not significantly better than that seen at the lower infusion rate. 3 Cardiovascular effects were minimal after 60 min at the lower rate and even at 25.0 mug/min mean heart rate rose by only 17.1 beats/minute. All patients tolerated the 4 h infusion well. 4 It is concluded that i.v. infusion of salbutamol may be a useful addition to the treatment of the patient with a severe attack of asthma. PMID- 1234016 TI - The distribution of quinidine in human blood. AB - The uptake of quinidine by washed human red blood cells from isotonic buffer solution (pH 7.4) occurred rapidly and was proportional to the concentration of drug in buffer. A constant red cell/buffer partition ratio of 4.16+/-0.15 s.e. mean was found. 2. Uptake from buffer solution was not affected by temperature or ouabain or by gassing with nitrogen or carbon monoxide and there was no evidence of saturability. Drug in red blood cells was associated largely with the cell contents (94.4+/-1.5% s.e. mean) following partition. 3 Plasma reduced the uptake of quinidine so that a red cell/plasma partition ratio of 0.82+/-0.09 s.e. mean was found. 4 Alteration of plasma binding by dilution of plasma with buffer showed that uptake was proportional to free drug concentration. 5 The possibility of red cell uptake of drug should be included in any considerations concerning pharmacokinetic aspects of drug action in the body. PMID- 1234015 TI - Procainamide absorption studies to test the feasibility of using a sustained release preparation. AB - Using in vitro techniques it was confirmed that whilst the release of procainamide from the conventional formulation (Pronestyl) was rapid, that from the sustained-release preparation (Cardiorytmin Retard) occurred over a prolonged period. 2 The peak plasma procainamide concentrations after single doses of Cardiorytmin Retard were relatively lower and occurred later than those after single doses of Pronestyl. Furthermore, after reaching a peak, the fall in plasma procainamide concentration was less rapid after the sustained-release preparation. Early urinary recovery of procainamide in patients and in healthy volunteers was greater after Pronestyl than after Cardiorytmin Retard, though overall recovery in urine was similar. These findings indicate that the absorption of the sustained-release preparation is slower, though the overall bioavailabilities of the two preparations are almost the same. 3 These results confirm the feasibility of using a sustained-release procainamide preparation, such as Cardiorytmin Retard, since it would be possible to administer the same amount of drug in fewer daily doses without plasma concentrations becoming ineffective towards the end of each dosing interval. PMID- 1234017 TI - The acute and chronic bronchodilator effects of ephedrine in asthmatic patients. AB - In eight asthmatic patients, there was no change in the bronchodilator response to a single dose of ephedrine (22 mg) given alone or in a compound tablet, after treatment with ephedrine (11 mg three times a day) or one tablet three times a day for 2 weeks. 2 There was no deterioration in lung function during the 2 week treatment period with either ephedrine or the compound tablet. 3 An inter-patient variation was noted in the plasma ephedrine concentraition required for bronchodilatation. 4 The half-life of theophylline did not change after chronic treatment with the tablets, one three times a day for 2 weeks. PMID- 1234018 TI - Effects of phentolamine inhalation on patients with bronchial asthma. PMID- 1234019 TI - Studies with flutiorex, a new anorectic drug, on glucose uptake into human isolated skeletal muscle. PMID- 1234020 TI - The effect of water on the absorption of drugs from the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 1234021 TI - Hepatic enzyme induction and its relationship to urinary D-glucaric acid excretion in man. PMID- 1234022 TI - Stacking interactions of nucleobases: NMR-investigations. I. Self association of N6, N9-dimethyladenine and N6-dimethyl-N9-ethyladenine. AB - The selfassociation of N6,N9-dimethyladenine and N6-dimethyl-N9-ethyladenine has been studied by means of NMR technique. The thermodynamic quantities have been calculated using an isodesmic NMR model with three NMR parameters (the monomer shift deltaM and two complex shifts delta2 and delta3). The dependence of the thermodynamic quantities on the NMR parameters is discussed. Special attention is given to the determination of deltaM and its temperature dependence. Calculations with delta3 = 2 - delta2 and deltaM taken independently of temperature result in an average entropy deltaS = - 17.9 +/- 1.8 e.u. for N6,N9-dimethyladenine and deltaS = - 16.7 +/- 1.7 e.u. for N6-dimethyl-N9-ethyladenine and in an average enthalpy deltaH = - 7.2 +/- 0.6 kcal - mol-1 for both substances investigated. PMID- 1234023 TI - Conformation of the common purine (beta) ribosides in solution: further evidence for a correlation between N-S state of the ribose moiety and syn-anti equilibrium. AB - The solution conformations of adenosine, guanosine and inosine in liquid ND3 have been determined by NMR. Comparison of the Karplus analysis of the proton HR spectra of the ribose moiety obtained in this solvent with the data from aqueous solutions of A and I proves that the conformations of the nucleosides are very similar in both liquids. From the analysis of the vicinal coupling constants of the ring protons it has been deduced that the S state C(2')-endo is slightly preferred. The mole fraction in S approximates 0.6 for all three nucleosides. C 13 relaxation measurements have been applied in the determination of the correlation times for rotational diffusion. Only at temperatures below - 40 degrees C is the pseudo-rotation of the furanoside ring slowed down sufficiently for it not to contribute to the measured relaxation rates. From NOE studies and T1 measurements on the individual protons it is derived that the N, C(3')-endo, form of the ribose is correlated with an anti conformation of the base (Y approximately 210 degrees to 220 degrees) and the S, C(2')-endo, form of the ribose with a syn conformation of the base (Y approximately 30 degrees to 50 degrees). The glycosyl torsion angles derived for the two conformations of A, G, and I are equal within the limits of accuracy. PMID- 1234025 TI - Instability of Langmuir-Blodgett layers of barium stearate, cadmium arachidate and tripalmitin, studied by means of electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. AB - Results of an investigation of the stability of n-layers of barium stearate, cadmium arachidate and tripalmitin by means of electron microscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy are reported. Odd and even numbered barium starate n-layers with n - 1,2,3,4,5 are found to rearrange spontaneously from a regular film into ultrastructures of irregular, flat islands of varying thickness. The kinetics of the phase transformation of the first layer depends on the substrate, that of n-layers appears to be dependent on n, the temperature, and the surrounding medium. The kinetic behaviour of odd and even numbered layers is distinctly different. Similar studies on cadmium arachidate layers reveal much slower kinetics of the rearrangement process. In the case of tripalmitin n-layers it is shown that electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy yield valuable complementary information about ultrastructure and molecular structure of the layers in correlation with the rearrangement process, which also occurs with this system. Consequences of the results of this paper for work published in various fields are briefly discussed. PMID- 1234024 TI - The structure determination of the variable portion of the Bence-Jones protein Au. AB - The structure of a pi-type Bence-Jones protein variable fragment Au has been determined by molecular replacement methods using the known structure of an other Bence-Jones variable fragment Rei (Epp et al., Eur J. Biochem. 45, 513 (1974). The crystallographic R factor is 0.31 for about 4000 significantly measured reflections between 6.8 to 2.5 A. The Au protein forms a dimer across a crystallographic two fold axis. The spatial relationship of the two monomers, the conformation of the backbones and of the internal residues is extremely similar to that found in Rei. PMID- 1234026 TI - The significance of the 2' OH group and the influence of cations on the secondary structure of the RNA backbone. AB - In the IR spectra, the coupling of vibrations leads to band splitting and/or bands shifting in opposite directions which provides information on the mutual orientation of groupings. From such band shifts in the range 1800 to 1500 cm-1 one can draw conclusions on the double helix formation of polynucleotides. These band shifts are caused either by vibrational coupling of stretching vibrations within pairs of base residues or by coupling of stretching vibrations with the bending (scissor) vibration of the -NH2 groups; the latter is indicated by band shifts after deuterium substitution within the amino groups. Couplings of phosphate and 1 ibose vibrations in the range 1300 to 1000 cm-1 provide information on the secondary structure of the backbone. In order to obtain information of the structure of the RNA backbone, the IR spectra of poly(ribonucleotides) were studied in neutral media in which they were single stranded. The shift due to coupling of the band of the 2'OD bending vibration and that of the antisymmetric stretching vibration of the ether group of the ribose residue proves that ribose residues of the backbone are cross-linked via hydrogen bonds. These are formed between the 2'OD or 2'OH groups, respectively, and the O atoms of the ether group of the neighboring ribose residues. This is the reason for the difference between DNA and RNA as regards the 2'OH group. The structure formation caused by these hydrogen bonds results in a stiffening of the RNA backbone. The tendency to form these hydrogen bonds increases in the order poly (U), poly(C), poly (A). This order of secondary structure stabilization is due to an interplay between the influences of (1) the 2'OH hydrogen bonds and (2) the base residues' stacking. Furthermore, the coupling of the antisymmetric stretching vibration of the greater than PO2- groups with a vibration involving the 2'OH group can result in a doublet structure of the band at about 1240 cm-1 if cations with strong fields are present. This probably shows that these cations can turn the greater than PO2-groups-which are usually turned outward at the backbone, as shown by construction of molecular models- towards the basic residues. Thus they cause stiff monohelices which are right-handed screws. PMID- 1234027 TI - Interpretation of invertebrate photoreceptor potentials in terms of a quantitative model. AB - It is known from voltage-clamp experiments on visual cells of Limulus and Balanus that the total membrane current can be separated approximately into a dark current JD and a light-induced current JL such that each part has a time-and intensity-independent reversal potential. In addition JL can be represented approximately as a product of a nonlinear, time independent current-voltage characteristics J0L (v) and an "activation factor" xa which depends on light intensity and time. J0L(V) can be described by a simple electro-diffusion membrane model (for JD we use the same model). A set of kinetic equations including amplification, latency and light adaptation leads to a determination of xa for photoisomerization of single rhodospin molecules and for arbitrary light signals. The receptor potentials calculated show many features of the experiments on Limulus, Balanus and Astacus. PMID- 1234028 TI - Dielectric properties of synaptosomes isolated from rat brain cortex. AB - Dielectric measurements were performed on the suspensions of synaptosomes isolated from rat brain cortex. The synaptosomes in buffered salt media showed typical dielectric dispersions caused by the presence of a thin limiting membrane of sufficiently low conductivity. An analysis of the dielectric data revealed that the electric conductivity of the synaptosome interior was about 37% of the external medium conductivity under isotonic conditions and that the dielectric constant for the interior phase was about 35. The membrane capacitance (0.7 muF cm-2) remained constant irrespective of nature and concentration of the univalents salts examined. Significant reduction in both the conductivity and the dielectric constant of the internal phase can be explained theoretically proveded that some intra-synaptosomal structural (synaptic vesicles and/or small mitochondria) of non-conducting nature occupies about 50% of the particulate volume, the remainder being in equilibrium with the external salt medium. PMID- 1234029 TI - A method for determining the dielectric constant and the conductivity of membrane bounded particles of biological relevance. AB - Numerical assessment is made regarding Pauly and Schwan's theory which describes the dielectric behavior of a suspension of "shell spheres" as a model of biological membrane-bounded particles. The results indicate that approximate expressions of the theory may give rise to serious errors when applied to particles smaller than about 1 mum in diameter. With a view to performing analysis according to a general expression of the theory, some of the characteristic responses of dielectric parameters upon changes in phase parameters are examined with particular reference to some numerical ranges of biological interest. On this basis a simplified and systematic procedure is proposed for estimating the phase parameters of particles whose shell phase can be regarded as non-conductive. As the application of the procedure proposed, a set of dielectric data of a synaptosome suspension is analyzed, so that the following three phase parameters are successfully determined: membrane capacitance (or shell phase dielectric constant), interval phase conductivity and internal phase dielectric constant. Some limitations of the procedure are discussed for the cases of conducting shells and small particles. PMID- 1234030 TI - 1/f Membrane noise generated by diffusion processes in unstirred solution layers. AB - A mathematical treatment is given for 1/f noise observed in the ion transport through membranes. It is shown that this noise can be generated by current or voltage fluctuations which occur after step changes of the membrane permeability. Due to diffusion polarization in the unstirred solution layers near the membrane these fluctuations exhibit a 1 square root of t time course which produces noise with a 1/f frequency dependence. The spectral density of 1/f noise is calculated for porous membranes with random switches between a finite and zero pore permeability. A wide frequency range and a magnitude of 1/f noise are obtained which are compatible with experimental data of 1/f noise reported for nerve membranes. PMID- 1234031 TI - Stacking interactions of nucleobases: NMR-investigations. II. Self-association of purine-and pyrimidine-derivatives. AB - The self-association of various purine- and pyrimidine-derivatives in D2O has been studied by means of NMR technique. The thermodynamic quantities have been calculated using an isodesmic NMR model. Among the nucleobases investigated, the adenine-derivatives were found to be most suitable for quantitative determination. A comparison of methylated adenine-derivatives and the pH dependence of the self-association lead to the conlcusion, that the stacking associates are stabilized by special van der Waals interactions based, essentially, on the polarizability of the pi-electron-system of the assciated molecules. PMID- 1234033 TI - Carcinogenesis and radiation risk: a biomathematical reconnaissance. AB - The biological effects of radiation are often correlated with the dose of radiation received by the tissue or cells at risk, though other physical factors such as spatial or temporal dose distributions, total number of cells irradiated, or relative biological effectiveness are also relevant. In attempting an estimate of biological effect, for example carcinogenesis, it is frequently assumed that the risk is simply proportional to the dose received, though biological experiment often reveals a much more complex relation between effect and dose. We have therefore examined in some detail certain of the consequences of taking into account such a complex relationship in assessing "risk" on the basis of "dose". We first examine the effect of size of population of cells at risk. If tumours arise from chance interactions of cells and ionizing particles we might imagine that large animals containing many orders of magnitude more cells might be much more at risk. A survey of literature shows no evidence that this is so, and of course mere mass might be expected to be a poor parameter for defining carcinogenic risk. As between tissues, DNA content combined with metabolic parameters or "proliferative potential" would be better. However, the literature does show that for a single co-ordinated tissue or organ the fraction of that tissue irradiated is significant. There is clearly some correlation with number of cells at risk. We therefore proposed a formula relating the risk of a cell population to a rare event, such as the "transformation" of a cell or group of cells to an overt tumour. We assume a spatial pattern of dose administered to a defined group of cells reacting according to an assumed dose-response relationship. The assumptions are, biologically speaking, very crude, and we discuss some of the ensuing limitations. The formula may, however, be used to attack a number of important problems. First it is necessary to discuss the forms of dose-response relationships derived theoretically and also observed in radiobiology. Several are chosen for detailed study, particularly responses rising more rapidly than dose at low levels, then reaching a maximum and declining with increasing dose. It is pointed out that there are many possible explanations of this decline at high dose, ranging form cell "death" to "sterilization" or to mutual interaction of neighbouring cells. It can also arise from simple statistical consideration of the probability of multiple events necessary for carcinogenesis in the same or neighbouring cells. PMID- 1234034 TI - Some considerations on cryotherapy in neurosurgery. PMID- 1234032 TI - Association of sexual hormones with nucleobases in water: NMR-investigations. AB - The mixed association of testosterone-sulfate and estradiol-sulfate with several derivatives of nucleobases in D2O has been investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy. From the differences among the chemical shifts of the hormone-protons it is concluded, that the nucleobases in the complexes are located above the center of the steroid molecule. The beta-side of the steroid which is characterized by the axial methyl-groups is directed towards the bases. The enthalpies of mixed association of the hormones with a certain nucleobase of the same order of magnitude as the enthalpy of selfassociation of this nucleobase (Schimmack et al., to be published). It is suggested that the complexes are stabilized by van-der-Waals forces. This stacking-like interaction is not specific for the male or female sex hormones: no qualitative or quantitative differences have been observed among the complexes of the two hormone-sulfates with the nucleobases. PMID- 1234035 TI - Epidural haematoma. A retrospective study of 100 patients. AB - A retrospective study was made of 100 consecutive patients with an epidural haematoma in order to establish which clinically demonstrable factors had influenced the prognosis quoad vitam et sanationem. Operations were performed on 92 of these patients, 29 (32%) of whom died; 8 patients died without operation, and in 2 of these cases the diagnosis was not made during life. A lucid interval was observed in 57 patients; absence of a lucid interval in combination with a lowered sensory level indicated associated intradural lesions (cerebral contusion, acute subdural haematoma), with consequently a less good prognosis. The prognosis was also adversely affected by deeper coma, occurrence of extensor spasms, bilateral stiff pupils, bilateral pyramidal symptoms and an age over 50. Some 33% of the patients treated by operation showed marked symptoms of compression (extensor spasms and/or bilateral stiff pupils); although these symptoms are usually described as indicative of a hopeless prognosis, 40% of the patients in this catagory survived. Contrary to the data in the literature, the interval between accident and operation within the first 24 hours did not influence the mortality, which was 50%. All patients operated on more than 24 hours after the accident, survived. A cranial fracture was absent in 13 patients, 11 of whom were under 30; absence of a cranial fracture was prognostically favourable. A catamnestic study revealed that 7 of the 58 accessible survivors had residual neurological dysfunctions; all these patients were up and about. The residual morbidity after early operation (within 24 hours) was the same as that after later operation. The data obtained were compared with those on a number of series recently published in the literature. PMID- 1234036 TI - Microsurgical fronto-temporal approach to pituitary adenomas with extrasellar extension. AB - In the present paper the microsurgical, fronto-temporal technique for the surgical treatment of chromophobe pituitary adenomas with extra-seller extension is described in detail. The complete treatment of expansive chromophobe adenomas includes 4000 rad of external irradiation by the rotation technique and hormonal replacement therapy. The results of this treatment in 36 consecutive patients from 1971 through 1975 are given. There is no mortality nor recurrence of tumor in the follow-up period. The postoperative morbidity is low, especially in the group operated by the microsurgical fronto-temporal approach. The visual acuity improved or normalized in 86%, for the visual fields this percentage was 90%. These results are compared to those of our own series of 65 patients, treated from 1945 through 1959, and to some other data from the literature. Finally, some arguments in favour of the intracranial approach versus the transsphenoidal approach are presented. PMID- 1234037 TI - Uncommon third ventricle herniation with cyst formation as a possible result of obstructive hydrocephalus. AB - An adult man with an unusual cyst formation, originating from the suprapineal recess is described. The cyst may partly be caused by and may partly have contributed to aqueductstenosis. PMID- 1234038 TI - Paralytic pontine exotropia in subarachnoid hemorrhage. A clinicopathological correlation. AB - A syndrome of combined right lateral gaze palsy and right internuclear ophthalmoplegia, followed by a left exotropia in a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage is presented. At necropsy a single small pontine end-zone infarction was found, involving the medial part of the right paramedian pontine reticular formation, the tectospinal tract and the ventral part of the right medial longitudinal fasciculus. The fila radicularia of the right abducens nerve passed through the necrotic area. The mechanism of these characteristic ocular motor disturbances in relation to the post mortem findings and the topopathogenesis of the pontine infarction are discussed. PMID- 1234039 TI - Effect of glycerol treatment on the natural history of acute cerebral infarction. AB - From a population of patients with acute cerebral infarction one hundred were selected and divided into two groups, with comparable neurological deficit and risk factors. To one group of patients glycerol was administered, the other group served as a control. Neurological deficit was scored on the day of admission and in the next 4 weeks. There was no noticeable beneficial effect of glycerol administration in acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 1234040 TI - A forme fruste of the pterygium syndrome? AB - A case of a girl with popliteal webbing associated with limited extension of the knee, flexion contractures of the third, fourth, and fifth digits, hypothrophia of leg musculature, and absent tendon reflexes in the legs is reported. Between 19 months and 6 years of age, the digital contractures, popliteal webbing, and limitation of knee extension progressively improved. This is the first reported instance of this combination of signs and the first report of regression of some of these physical findings. PMID- 1234041 TI - Aseptic meningitis as a complication of scinticysternography utilizing 111Indium dtpa. AB - The intrathecal administration of numerous substances has been known to cause arachnoiditic as well as aseptic meningitic reactions. Pleocytosis and increased protein in the CSF are well known findings following administration of air or myelographic dyes. This has also been observed with antibiotics. Even intrathecal steroids (e.g. depo-medrol) have been implicated in aseptic meningitic reactions. Despite the wide variety of causative agents, only a small percentage of patients develop clinical manifestations of aseptic meningitis. Are these reactions then caused by specific auto-immune type responses, or are they directly related to local irritants in each case, or a combination of both factors? PMID- 1234042 TI - Legal aspects of neurologic practice. PMID- 1234043 TI - Changes in lymphocyte recirculation and liberation of the adoptive memory response from cellular regulation in irradiated recipients. AB - Thoracic duct lymphocytes from previously immunized (AS2 x AS)F1 rats ('TDL) were adoptively transferred to syngeneic recipients and triggered by soluble HSA (s HSA) the following day. The response of 'TDL in an irradiated recipient was almost two orders of magnitude greater than the response in a nonirradiated adult host. The affinity of the antibody in the adult recipients was significantly reduced but increased with time. Nonirradiated young recipients (3 weeks old) also supported an adoptive memory response which was comparable in quantity and quality to that found in irradiated hosts. The response of 'TDL declined progressively when transferred into 2-week-old or 4-week-old radiation chimeras, or was reduced in irradiated hosts when the memory cells were mixed together with nonimmune TDL. The experiments indicate that the differential response between the adult and irradiated recipient is the result of a restrictive control in the former host rather than an enhancing factor in the latter. Lymphocytes in the nonimmune population regulate both the expansion and maturation of the adoptive memory response, the high energy-binding B cells being at a selective disadvantage. Host irradiation effectively liberates the adoptive response from this cellular control mechanism. A comparative study of transferred, [14C]leucine labeled TDL showed that distribution and homing of lymphocytes to lymph nodes and spleen was not altered by irradiating the recipients. However, adoptively transferred cells almost completely failed to recirculate in irradiated rats, in contrast to normal recipients. But, the injection of large numbers of unlabeled TDL following irradiation forced more labeled cells into the recirculating pool, suggesting that saturation of depleted lymphoid tissue with lymphocytes is an important factor regulating lymphocyte traffic. The relevance of this "saturation effect" in regulating the adoptive memory response is discussed. PMID- 1234044 TI - The association of H-2 antigens and EAC receptors on the surface of peritoneal cells. AB - The exposure of murine peritoneal cells to anti-H-2 sera results in a diminished expression of H-2 antigen on the cell surface. Concomitant with this "H-2 modulation" the capacity of macrophages to bind sheep red blood cells coated with antibody and complement (EAC) was markedly diminished. In contrast, there was no change in the capacity of modulated macrophages to bind sheep red blood cells coated with antibody alone (EA). Antibodies to K end H-2 specificities were more effective in reducing the binding of EAC than antibodies to D end H-2 specificities. Exposure of peritoneal cells to O or Ly antisera had no effect on the formation of EAC rosettes. Exposure of peritoneal cells to anti-H-2 sera, under conditions which would not allow modulation of H-2 antigens, also prevented the reduction of EAC binding. Thus, the EAC receptors and H-2 antigenic specificities seem to be closely related on the surface of peritoneal cells, but constitute distinct cell surface structures. Preliminary evidence indicates that vinblastine, a microtubule depolymerizing agent, may disrupt the close association of EAC receptors and H-2 antigens. It is suggested that the association of EAC receptors and K end H-2 determinants on the membrane of macrophages may have implications for the regulation of the immune response by H 2-linked Ir genes. PMID- 1234045 TI - Similar combining sites of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in individual mice as judged from affinity and rate constant measurements. AB - Within individual sera, mouse IgG1 and IgG2a subclass antibodies against the antigenic determinant oligo-D-alanine are likely to have similar combining sites. The antibodies are characterized by two methods, by their rate of binding to antigen equipped sheep red blood cells and by the hapten inhibition of antigen binding. The two characteristics are shown to be independent. The subclass antibodies of thirteen different sera differ by a factor of about 10 in their rate constant and by a factor of about 50 in affinity for hapten. In contrast, IgG1 and IgG2a within the same serum have strikingly similar rate constants (factor 1.02-1.33) as well as very similar affinities (factor 1.1-2.7). Since it is highly improbable that correlation in two independent criteria occurs by chance, the IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies are assumed to have similar combining sites. PMID- 1234046 TI - Similar specificity of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in individual mice. AB - In this study the previous finding of similar variable regions in individual IgG1 and IgG2a antibody populations is extended by the demonstration of similar fine specificity of IgG1 and IgG2a combining sites. Antibody populations from individual mice directed against oligo-D-alanine determinants were analyzed in their cross-reactivity towards 5 heterologous dipeptides. This was done by mixing antibody and hapten followed by determination of free antibodies in a kinetic red cells sensitization assay. The comparison of hyperimmune sera from 10 mice showed that genetically identical mice can differ significantly in their cross-reaction pattern. Within each serum the cross-reaction pattern was determined for IgG1 and IgG2a. With a few exceptions the same individual pattern was found in both IgG1 and IgG2a antibody populations. This was taken as evidence that the combining sites of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-oligo-D-alanine antibody populations in an individual mouse are similar. PMID- 1234047 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of DNA synthesis in rat thymocytes: action of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin. PMID- 1234048 TI - Chemical analysis and electron microscopy studies of human C1q prepared by different methods. AB - Five differently isolated and purified human C1q preparations were examined by electron microscopy and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.5 M urea. The amino acid and carbohydrate composition of C1q purified by the DNA method are reported and compared with results obtained on C1q isolated by other procedures. Electron microscopy showed that all C1q preparations had six peripheral subunits connected by fibrillar strands to a central subunit. The presence of small amounts of dimers was also observed. The physico-chemical properties of the molecule are independent of the purification method used. The five C1q preparations labeled with 125I in presence of lactoperoxidase formed two types of noncovalently linked subunits. In each case the smaller (central) subunit contained over thirty times as much radioactivity as the larger (peripheral) subunit supposed to interact with immune complexes. Reduction and alkylation confirmed for each preparation the presence of three polypeptide chains, the smaller of which contained essentially all radioactivity. PMID- 1234049 TI - "Natural" killer cells in the mouse. I. Cytotoxic cells with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. Specificity and distribution according to genotype. AB - In the spleens of young, adult mice there exist naturally occurring killer lymphocytes with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. The lytic activity was directed against syngeneic or allogeneic Moloney leukemia cells to a similar extent, but was primarily expressed when tested against in vitro grown leukemia cells. Two leukemias of non-Moloney origin were resistant and so was the mastocytoma line P815. Although killer activity varied between different strains of mice, the specificity of lysis was the same as indicated by competition experiments using unlabeled Moloney or other tumor cells as inhibitors in the cytotoxic assays. Capacity to compete and sensitivy to lysis by the killer cells were found to be highly positively correlated. Analysis of the kinetics of the cytotoxic assay revealed a rapid induction of lysis within one to four hours, arguing against any conventional in vitro induction of immune response. No evidence was found of soluble factors playing any role in the cytolytic assay. PMID- 1234050 TI - Influence on allograft rejection of thymectomy at different stages of larval development in urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. (Salamandridae). AB - Thymectomy was performed on the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. from the 5th to the 20th week of larval development. Thymectomized animals were allografted at 7 months of age. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Pleurodeles thymectomized before 10 weeks always tolerated allografts: (2) Pleurodeles thymectomized within 11 to 13 weeks generally rejected allografts in a chronic manner, but sometimes tolerated them; (3) normal rejections occurred in Pleurodeles thymectomized at 14 weeks, or later. Stage 52 of the developmental table (10 weeks of age) is a critical "end stage" for the efficiency of thymectomy. The results are confirmed by the fate of second set allografts performed in all these animals. PMID- 1234051 TI - Synthetic antigens. II. Immunogenic, antigenic and adjuvant properties of a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride. AB - Immunogenic, antigenic and adjuvant properties of a polyanionic copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (PSM) are described. The results obtained showed that PSM was immunogenic in BALB/c mice when administered without adjuvant, the optimal dose being 0.01 mug/mouse. Antibodies could be detected only by precipitation in gel but not by agglutination. High molecular weight polymer (290 000 daltons) was a stronger immunogen and antigen than copolymers of lower molecular weights (85 000-210 000 daltons). PSM also showed adjuvant activity and enhanced the humoral response of mice against sheep red blood cells. Adjuvanticity was found only when 1 mug of PSM/mouse was applied. The results obtained suggest that PSM interacts with B rather than T cells. PMID- 1234052 TI - Decrease in microviscosity of lymphocyte surface membrane associated with stimulation induced by concanavalin A. AB - CM factor (CVF) - treated normal mouse serum produced a profound inhibition of the antibvody responses, affecting IgG responses more than IgM, and being T dependent more than T-independent, but no part of the response being unaffected... PMID- 1234053 TI - Antigen-induced changes in lymphocyte circulatory patterns. AB - The effect of a splenic or lymph node anti-sheep red blood cell response on lymphocyte migration patterns in mice was studied. It was found that trapping of lymphocytes in these stimulated organs was indiscriminate and was followed by a period of restricted cell entry or localization; furthermore, reduced cell localization in the spleen, during the splenic response, was accompanied by a reduction in the number of cells localizing in unstimulated brachial and axillary lymph nodes. These results were taken to indicate that major changes occur in lymphocyte circulation during strong splenic immune responses. PMID- 1234054 TI - Use of formalin-fixed melanoma cells for the detection of antibodies against surface antigens by a micro-immune adherence technique. AB - Established malanoma cell lines were fixed in suspension with 4% formalin and tested for antigenic activity against sera from melanoma patients in a micro immune adherence test. By incubation of formalin-fixed cells in serum-free medium the unspecific background rosette formation was substantially reduced to below 10%. As could be demonstrated in absorption experiments with viable and formalin fixed tumor cells, surface antigens reacting with sera from melanoma patients are largely unaffected by formalin treatment. PMID- 1234055 TI - Isolation and properties of a 7 S rat immunoglobulin different from IgG. AB - A 7 S rat immunoglobulin, of rapid electrophoretic mobility, was characterized and isolated from normal or hyperimmune rat serum and was designated "IgR". This immunoglobulin belongs to a class different from IgG and was originally described as IgA. IgR has a molecular weight of 160 000, is present in the serum and milk as a monomer and is readily absorbed by the intestine of suckling rats. In hyperimmunized animals, about 20% of the antibodies were of the IgR class. IgR is devoid of anaphylactic capacity and no homologies could be established between it and immunoglobulins of other animal species. PMID- 1234056 TI - Inactivation of hapten-modified bacteriophage by antibody: increased sensitivity of the assay in media containing polyethylene glycol. AB - Inactivation of dinitrophenylated bacteriophage T4 by porcine and rabbit anti dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies was studied by the complex inactivation methods. The inactivation titers increased 20-30 times when polyethylene glycol, mol. wt. 6000, was added to the incubation media. Consequently, the detection of dinitrophenylated serum albumin with the modified bacteriophage could be carried out with higher sensitivity upon addition of polyethylene glycol. PMID- 1234057 TI - Human lymphoblast cell lines: antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - Five cell lines were isolated after prolonged culture of human buffy coat leukocytes. The cells consisted for the most part of lymphoblasts morphologically similar to those produced by in vivo or in vitro stimulation of small lymphocytes by antigens or mitogens. One of the lines possessed virus-like particles of the Epstein-Barr type. All the established lines were capable of mediating antibody dependent cytotoxicity (LADC) quantitatively at a level not significantly different from that mediated by freshly isolated, normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The LADC of the lymphoblasts was inhibited by all the human IgG subclasses tested (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) as was the LADC of PBL. It is concluded that, at least so far, the lymphoblasts have retained the properties of the lymphocytes from which they were originally derived as regards their ability to mediate LADC. PMID- 1234058 TI - Significance of spontaneous autorosettes in rats. AB - Between 10(3) and 10(4) auto-rosette-forming cells (RFC) per 10(6) lymphocytes are observed in lymphoid organs of normal rats in vitro. Counts are significantly higher in the thymus than in other organs. Contrary to what has been previously described in mice, auto-RFC are not inhibited by fresh normal rat serum. The data presented are compatible with the hypothesis that auto-RFC differ from the lymphocytes which recognize only alloerythrocytes according to histocompatibility differences. There is evidence which suggests that autorosette formation is linked to the expression of new determinants on ageing erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 1234059 TI - A network theory of the immune system. AB - The fact that every antibody also has antigenic properties leads to the existence of a functional network of interacting antibodies and lymphocytes in the immune system. With a minimum set of assumptions about the nature of these interactions some of the principal features of the immune response such as normal primary and secondary response, low and high zone tolerance induction, and memory can be reproduced. The low zone tolerance phenomenon plays a central role in our theory, as it is the simplest nontrivial mode of response to an antigenic stimulus. It may be understood as the defeat of the stimulated lymphocyte species against their internal adversaries. The normal response and high zone tolerance induction may be characterized as low zone tolerance on a second and third level of a hierarchy of lymphocyte populations. In particular, the weakness of the primary response is explained in terms of internal struggles which lead to a final suppression of the aggressors, thereby opening the way for an unhindered secondary response. PMID- 1234060 TI - A human lymphoid cell line with an IgG-like membrane component. AB - A human lymphoid cell ine (S95) with surface-located IgG is described. The line was derived from a patient with Hodgkin's disease and is aneuploid. Its characteristics are suggestive of a malignant B lymphocyte derivation, but no ultimate proof of malignancy can be forwarded. The line produces immunoglobulin (IgG) which appears to be devoid of light chain. The amount of IgG detectable at the cell surface by inhibition of the rosette formation by protein A-coated sheep red blood cells with protein A was 5-10 ng/10(6) cells corresponding to 70 000 - 140 000 molecules/cell. The immunoglobulin is membrane bound. Partial characterization of the IgG-like protein shows that it has a molecular weight of 50 000 Daltons and that the molecule lacks some of the normal gamma-chain determinants. PMID- 1234061 TI - Separation of complement-dependent and lymphocyte-dependent cytotoxic activity in human sera. AB - Two human sera having both complement-dependent and lymphocyte-dependent antibody activities (CDA, LDA) were applied to isoelectrofocusing columns. Maximum LDA activity for both sera was found focused at a higher pH than maximum CDA activity. The studies suggest that LDA molecules may exist without having complement-dependent activity. PMID- 1234062 TI - The role of thymus on autosensitization against syngeneic normal and malignant cells. AB - Mouse lymphocytes were exposed to syngeneic fibroblasts and tumor cells in Millipore chambers inserted into the peritoneal cavity of intact and thymectomized mice. Autosensitization to fibroblasts occurred only if the chambers were carried by thymectomized mice. Sensitization to tumor-specific antigens also took place in intact mice. If thymic extract was administered to thymectomized mice autosensitization in the chambers was inhibited. PMID- 1234063 TI - Influence of metformin on arginine-induced glucagon secretion in human diabetes. AB - The insulin and glucagon responses to arginine infusion were investigated in patients with maturity-onset diabetes under control conditions and during metformin therapy. Metformin did not significantly affect the insulin nor the glucagon response to arginine. These data support the concept that biguanide do not act directly on the islets of Langerhans. PMID- 1234064 TI - [Chronic hyperammonemia with orotic aciduria: evidence of pyrimidine pathway stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - We have investigated a 3 year old girl with mental and physical retardation, chronic hyperammonemia and orotic aciduria. Plsma glutamine, alanine and proline concentrations were high. Alanine was present in her urine. She excreted only half the urea of control subjects on a similar protein intake. Raising protein intake induced NH4 intoxication with convulsion. Orotic aciduria was present (max: 693 mg/day) and was related to NH4 levels. Red blood cell orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine decarboxylase activiee were normal, eliminating congenital orotic aciduria, with induction of activity seen on repeated assay during protein load (form 1.37 to 7.5 nmole/109 RBC/hr). Blood ammonia rose with ornithine load, while ornithine levels were twice that of controls. Citrulline was normally metabolized. Although lacking liver assay, we have provided evidence of partial ornithine carbamyl transferase deficiency. The importance of orotic aciduria for ammonia detoxication in partial OCT deficiency is shown, and its possible effect on liver lipoprotein synthesis discussed. Our investigation also confirmed that OCT activity is not present in normal leukocytes rendering them useless for OCT deficiency diagnosis. PMID- 1234065 TI - [Diabetes and autoimmune diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Recent clinical and immunological data suggest that the classical concept of "idiopathic autoimmune diseases" is to be revised. In a normal population, autoimmunity reactions against thyroid gland, gastric mucosa and adrenals develop slowly with increasing age and are found more frequently in women than in men (at least so far as thyroid antibodies are concerned) as is lowering of the functional activity of T lymphocytes. Diabetes takes its place among a series of factors diminishing immunocyte reactivity, and thus enhancing the development of the autoimmunity process. This may perhaps be promoted in some way by genetic factors, perhaps those which also play a definite though as yet ill-defined role in determining the emergence of diabetes. For the present, diabetes mellitus itself must only rarely be considered a consequence of an autoimmune process and then only in certain insulin-dependent cases. By contrast, diabetes appears frequently to be an other than pancreas, namely thyroid gland, adrenals and gastric mucosa. Awareness of these associations should encourage physicians to seek latent humoral or cellular evidence of autoimmune phenomena in diabetics; this would favor the early recognition of clinically important abnormalities which may accompany the diabetes. PMID- 1234066 TI - [Proportion of low insulin responders to glucose among the offspring of maturity onset diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - The insensitivity of B cells to glucose, a characteristic of mild essential glucose intolerance may be estimated in a given individual by the comparison of the immediate plasma insulin response to glucose (0 to 10' plasma insulin area or iG) with that to Tolbutamide (iT). It was shown that iG/iT clearly differentiates between nondiabetics and diabetics, whatever their body weight. All the diabetics had an iT/iT lower than 0,65. A high proportion of the offspring of diabetics had an iG/iT ratio in the diabetic range, whether or not they were diabetic. Among these subjects aged from 10 to 49 and weighing between 90 and 144% of their ideal body weight, the iG/iT ratio was not correlated with age nor with relative body weight while the K value was negatively correlated with age. We were thus able to look for the frequency of a "diabetic" iG/iT ratio in the offspring of diabetics, For this in sibships in which all the sibs had been tested, one subject was selected by randomisation. A "diabetic" iG/iT ratio was observed in 7 of 41 subjects with no family history of diabetes, in 27 of 50 with one parent having clinical, maturity-onset diabetes melitus, and in 15 of 19 subjects with two diabetic parents. These results are not compatible with the hypothesis of recessive transmission of the "low insulin response to glucose" characteristic. PMID- 1234067 TI - Acute suppressive effect of human growth hormone on insulin release induced by glucagon and tolbutamide in man. AB - The acute effect of human growth hormone on glucagon--and tolbutamide--induced insulin release was investigated in 14 non-obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Sixty mn after an i.v. growth hormone infusion of 40 mug/kg per kg body weight, the insulin response to glucagon (10 subjects) as well as to tolbutamide (6 subjects) was significantly suppressed by about 35%, both if the insulin secretion was expressed as change in peak response (p less than 0.05 for both insulinogogues) or as per cent change of the integrated insulin area over 30 minutes (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.05, respectively). A lesser reduction of glucagon-induced insulin secretion was observed also after smaller doses of growth hormone (10 and 20 mug/kg). The reduction of the insulin response was associated with a significantly smaller blood glucose fall following the glucagon and tolbutamide administration. These results support the hypothesis that growth hormone in vivo has an acute suppressive effect on insulin secretion, and show that this action is not limited to glucose-induced stimulation of the islets. PMID- 1234070 TI - [Comparison of various semi-quantitative tests for determination of urinary glucose in diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - Estimations of urinary glucose in 178 diabetics using 4 tests, Ketodiastix, Tes Tape, Clinitest 5/10 and Clinitest 2/10 were compared with polarimetric determinitation. Clinitest is more accurate and specific, and as reliable as enzymatic methods. The widened scale of Clinitest 2/10 permits the detection and satisfactory estimation of glycosuria ranging from 0,25% to 5%; it is specially suitable for monitoring the labile insulin dependent diabetes of children or adolescents. Enzymatic methods are suitable for the qualitative detection of glycosuria, for the control of stable, maturity-onset diabetes or to meet the need for rapidly available diagnostic information. PMID- 1234068 TI - [Diabetes mellitus under 30 years of age. Results of 18 years experience with oral treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Long term experience with the use of sulfonylurea and/or biguanide oral hypoglycemic agents in patients under the age of 30 years shows the following results: 1) Oral treatment under 30 years of age is effective only for a limited period of time, in the large majority less than 24 months;--2) The success of oral treatment of diabetics and the period of effectiveness is increased if the subject is overweight at the time of discovery of the diabetes mellitus;--3) The type of antidiabetic treatment, i.e., insulin only, oral only, or oral and insulin, does not influence the susceptibility to the complications likely to appear in this age group, such as retinopathy, coronary disease, neuropathies and urinary and dental infections;--4) Poteinuria, peripheral vascular disease and various abnormalities of plasma lipids involving cholesterol and triglycerides, are significantly more common in patients under oral therapy than in those receiving insulin. These findings suggest the necessity for serious reconsideration of therapy as soon as any of these pathological events appear, especially the proteinuria or the lipid anomalies;--5) The duration of the oral treatment preceding therapeutic insulin does not have influence on the subsequent metabolic disturbance (hypoglycemia, deto-acidosis) and thus on the ultimate control of the diabetic state;--6) The somatic growth of the diabetic child is maintained regardless of the type of treatment as long as it is effective. Growth is interrupted however very early if oral treatment becomes ineffective with regard to control of the diabetes. Monitoring of somatic growth during oral antidiabetic treatment is of obvious importance. An interruption in growth is an indication for insulin therapy even if the diabetic control appears satisfactory; -7) The course and the outcome of pregnancy do not appear to be affected by the use of oral therapy at the time of conception. This holds true also for cases in which oral treatment precedes the use of insulin, the pregnancy having commenced during the course of insulin therapy. PMID- 1234069 TI - Metabolism of the mouse made obese by a high-fat diet. AB - Lean mice were made obese by feeding, ad libitum, a high-lard diet. They showed an increased fat cell size and number which were maintained when this diet was replaced by the control high-carbohydrate diet for 10 weeks. Obese fed mice showed normal glucose and insulin serum levels, but insulinaemia was elevated after an overnight fast. The insulinaemic response after intraperitoneal injection of glucose was insignificant. Thus hyperinsulinism is not a prerequisite for the development of obesity. High-fat diet influenced, in vitro, glucose metabolism of adipose tissue, liver and muscle: basal lipogenesis was markedly reduced in adipose tissue and liver, and glucose oxidation was decreased in muscle. Insulin sensitivity was reduced by increased fat cell size. De novo formation of fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue did not contribute to the development of obesity. The increased lipoprotein lipase activity of the large fat cells suggested that obesity resulted from a direct storage of dietary fatty acids esterified by glycerol formed from circulating glucose. PMID- 1234071 TI - Circadian, circannual and other rhythms in spontaneous nutrient and caloric intake of healthy four-year olds. AB - Intake of total calories, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates was measured individually in four separate groups each of 26 to 29 children studied during different seasons of the year and an additional group of eight children investigated during all seasons. The subjects came from broken homes, had been abandoned or were orphans; 60% were males, 4 +/- 1.5 years of age (mean and standard error) and were of similar body weight and height. They were residents in one of two separate institutions in Nancy, France, living on similar, rigorously enforced schedules unchanged throughout the year. Socio-ecologic synchronization involved "lights-on" at 0700 "lights-out" at 1830, meals at 0800, 100, 1400 and 1800 with food of similar origin and kind, and similar timing of mental and physical activities. Each child was asked at fixed meal times to select spontaneously the kind and amount of food desired, uninfluenced as far as possible by choices of others, and to consume the food in any order. During seven days of adherence to this request, the amounts of protein, lipid, carbohydrate and total calories consumed at each meal were carefully determined for each individual. Time series thus obtained were analyzed according to the mean cosinor method for detecting and characterizing bioperiodic phenomena. A statistically significant circadian rhythm was detected in each of the 4 variables for each day of the best fitting sine function used to approximate the rhythm occurred around noon in almost all the studied circumstances. In other words the spontaneously larger meals were usually taken at 0800 (breakfast) and 1800 (supper). The trough of both lipid and protein spontaneous intake was clustered around 1800 only on Sunday. Cosinor analysis of individual seven-day time series (of each variable of each season) indicated a statistically significant circaseptan (approximately equal to 7-days) rhythm, with a peak occuring on Saturday, Sunday or Monday, but never on Wednesday. Changes in the weekly mean adjusted levels obtained by this method (as well as changes in mean values resulting from other statistical methods) demonstrate: 1) a circannual variation in spontaneous intake of lipids, carbohydrates and calories (protein changes are not statistically significant): 2) a peak of lipid intake, occuring in spring time, and a peak of carbohydrate and calorie intake, occuring in summer time. The probability of both exogenous and endogenous components of these rhythms is suggested. PMID- 1234072 TI - Midtrimester abortion by three-percent and five-percent saline amnioinfusion. PMID- 1234073 TI - Utility of a computerized family planning data processing system, Maryland, 1968 1974. PMID- 1234074 TI - One-year evaluation of the Spring Coil IUD in Rijeka, Yugoslavia, and Cairo, Egypt. PMID- 1234075 TI - Hysterographic studies in women wearing Copper-T devices. PMID- 1234076 TI - Reaching the forgotten: contraception for the institutionalized woman. PMID- 1234077 TI - Hysteroscopy in the management of the "lost" intrauterine device. PMID- 1234078 TI - The unanswerable questions in voluntary sterilization--the physician's dilemma. PMID- 1234079 TI - Pregnancy among single American teen-agers. PMID- 1234080 TI - Abortion: practice and promise. PMID- 1234081 TI - A study of the Ypsilon IUD in Brazil. PMID- 1234082 TI - Ectopic pregnancy as a complication of elective first-trimester abortion. PMID- 1234083 TI - Surgical considerations of early gastric cancer. AB - Metastasis to lymph nodes was seen more higher rate in protruding lesion, especially in Type IIa and IIa + IIc than in concaving lesion. In view of the metastasis to the secondary regional lymph nodes or the third regional lymph nodes, care should be taken in the eradication of lymph node in early gastric cancer of Type IIc. Five-year survival rate was 88.9% of the resected cases of early gastric cancer. PMID- 1234084 TI - Studies of the clinical application of serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity determined with leucinamide as substrate. AB - A new method was presented for the determination of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). The principle of the method consisted in the measurement of ammonia liberated by the action of LAP with direct colorimetry. Leucine naphthylamide has been widely used as substrate for the determination of LAP (Nap-method), but leucineamide was used (NH3-method) in this study, and the enzyme activities determined by the both methods were compared in various diseases. Serum LAP activity in acute hepatitis was much higher in NH3-method than in Nap-method, but the activity in obstructive jaundice was much higher in the latter than in the former. It was demonstrated that the serum of normal rats and CCl4 treated rats contained isozymes (LAP-I and II) which showed the different substrate specificities toward leucinamide and leucine naphthylamide. LAP-I activity was much higher, but LAP-II activity was much lower in the NH3-method than in the Nap-method. LAP-I activity was remarkably elevated by the NH3-method, but not by the Nap-method in the serum of CCl4 treated rats. The results suggested that leucinamide was preferable substrate for the measurements of activities of serum LAP in the clinical examinations. PMID- 1234085 TI - Studies on the etiology of milk intolerance in Japanese adults. AB - 1. The incidence of milk intolerance is approximately 19% in Japanese adults when 200 ml of milk is given. However, a much greater incidence was assumed when considered under the criteria of Western standard. 2. The lactase activity was significantly greater in milk drinkers than non-drinkers. And, internationally, the active is higher in those nationalities whose milk consumption is greater. 3. Lactase is an adaptive enzyme and rather easily induced by lactose load feeding in animals. From the data of our own and of the literature, it was further confirmed that environmental factors play a more important role than genetic factors in the etio-pathogenesis of milk intolerance. PMID- 1234088 TI - A huge villous tumor of rectum: a case report. AB - Villous tumor of the large intestine was first identified and named by Holmes in 1858. It is said to account for 1.4 to 2.5 per cent of all tumors of the large intestine, but only sporadic cases have been reported in Japan. Although considerably large villous tumors are known to exist, reports refering to them, home and abroad, show that there are no more than 50 known cases which had diameters exceeding 10 cm1). This paper presents one of our recent experience of the tumor whose diameter reached 20 cm. PMID- 1234087 TI - Parietal cell antibodies. Part II. Cytotoxic activities of parietal cell antibodies. Experiment 1. The observations on cytotoxic activities of parietal cell antibodies to normal human parietal cells in vitro. Experiment 2. The histochemical changes of rat stomach after administrations of rabbit anti-rat gastric mucosa sera. AB - Cytotoxic activities of P.C.A. to normal parietal cells were demonstrated in vitro. The changes were very similar to those of thyroid cells provoked by Hashimoto serum. The cytotoxic component was found to be immunoglobulin G. Complement was not added. Rabbit anti-rat gastric mucosa sera had no effects on the gastric secretion in rats, but histochemical changes were demonstrated. The changes were transient and returned to the normal state 60 minutes after injection of Anti-RGM sera. Activities of succinic dehydrogenase were most affected, particularly 3 minutes after injection. Decrease of activities gradually recovered to the normal condition. The comparison of C.A.G. with C.Th. was made. By the comparison between C.A.G. and C.Th., and by the results of experiments, the author considers that C.A.G. has the immunologically identical aspects with C.Th.. The author also considers that some immunological mechanisma are playing a role in the pathogenesis of C.A.G. PMID- 1234086 TI - Parietal cell antibodies. Part I. Clinical and pathological studies of parietal cell antibodies. AB - The incidence of parietal cell antibodies (P.C.A.) in patients with various diseases was investigated by complement fixation test (C.F.T.). The relationship between the incidence of P.C.A. and clinical and pathological findings was also investigated. The incidence of P.C.A. with simple atrophic gastritis was 34.8% in total cases, 29.0% in male and 48.1% in female, respectively. The difference between the sexes was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The incidence of P.C.A. in superficial gastritis was 37.5%, showing the same incidence as atrophic gastritis. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The incidence in patients with hypo- and hyperactivity was 43.0% and 11.8%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant, but that between hypo- and normoacidity was not significant (p less than 0.05). The author postulated the conclusion that the superficial gastritis could be included in the category of atrophic gastritis. The dissociation of correlation of titer of C.F.T. with acidity and histological findings was found. The correlation was more significantly observed with acidity than with histological findings. The relatively high incidences of P.C.A. were noted in patients with peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma and chronic thyroiditis. The incidence of P.C.A. in other diseases showed the nearly equal incidence to that of other investigators. Three cases of postgastrectomy patients were noted, in which the P.C.A. disappeared four to six months after total or subtotal gastrectomy. PMID- 1234090 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the transverse colon. AB - A case report of leiomyosarcoma of the transverse colon was presented in view of its rarity of the occurrence. An extra-colonic, mobile abdominal mass showing a rapid growth with mild tenderness was the principal preoperative findings in the patient. The occurrence of malignant tumors in smooth muscles of the colon, not including the rectum, is extremely rare. In review of the references, about thirty cases have been previously reported. PMID- 1234089 TI - The constitutional indocyanine green excretory defect--report of four cases. AB - Four cases revealed high retention of ICG test and normal retention of BSP test were reported. The results of liver function test of these cases showed within normal limit except ICG retention. ICG disappearance rate ranged from 0.017 to 0.025, whereas BSP disappearance rate ranged from 0.069 to 0.126. The transfer rate of ICG from plasma to liver markedly decreased by two compartmental analysis of the decay curve and slightly reduced transfer rate of BSP from plasma to liver was also observed. The step on both ICG and BSP disappearance curve was observed during 20 to 25 minutes after the injection in all cases and in repeated observations. The step formation is one of the characteristic changes in these cases. The ICG binding capacity of serum protein decreased in the first peak and increased in the third peak eluted by gel filtration of Sephadex G-200. Light microscopic findings of the liver showed normal histology. The electronmicroscopic findings showed the increase of lipofuscin-like lysosome, modification and paracrystalline like array of mitochondria and increase of reticulum fiber in Disse's space. Father of a case showed ICG retention without BSP retention. From these results it is suggested that these cases are a new type of dye excretory disorder of liver with heredity or constitution. PMID- 1234092 TI - Studies of ultramicrostructure in relation to disaccharidase activity in the jejunal mucosa. AB - Ultramicrostructural changes of the mucosa of the small intestine were studied in relation to the alterations of the lactase activity, measuring the height of microvilli by electron microscopy and the enzyme activity by the method of Dahlqvist. Studies with clinical cases revealed that the height of microvilli correlated with the lactase activity significantly (p less than 0.01), and that patients with relatively higher microvilli had a correspondingly higher activity of lactase. In animal experiments an increase of lactase activity by lactose load feeding and low calorie feeding resulted in a raise in the height of microvilli. It was concluded that lactase deficiency in adults and in various gastrointestinal diseases, where no histological abnormality was observed by light microscopy is perhaps due to shortening of the microvilli of the mucosa. It was speculated that the microvillous change and the sequential hypolactasia may be the initial ultramicrostructural and enzymatic alteration in the diffuse disease of the small intestine. PMID- 1234093 TI - Secretin-like activity in duodenal mucosa and peptic ulcer. AB - The secretin-like activity contained in bioptic specimens of duodenal mucosa was measured by means of bioassay in healthy controls and patients of peptic ulcer. It was found that the activity tended to be increased in duodenal ulcer in comparison with gastric ulcer which did not differ from healthy controls. Possibilities of impaired release and/or increased production of secretin-like substance in duodenal ulcer were discussed. PMID- 1234091 TI - Evaluation of linear gastric ulcer as a precancerous lesion. AB - During the recent 13 years from 1961 to 1973, 21 cases of ulcer-carcinoma satisfying Hauser's pathologic criteria have been found endoscopically, 5 cases (2.6%) of which were mucosal carcinoma accompanying linear ulcer over 30 min in length. In addition, one submucosal carcinoma and 2 cases of sub-early gastric carcinoma, partially invaded into the proper muscle layer, were used for this study. Using these 8 cases and 11 operated ones of benign linear ulcer, we have a comprehensive study of histologic and clinical findings of both groups. As the results, malignant linear ulcer was similar in condition to the benign, either in mother ground or in histologic and clinical findings. Moreover, coexistent carcinoma with all kinds of gastric ulcer and with linear ulcer among them was found in 1.5% and 3.8%, respectively. In a series of controlled group, early gastric carcinoma was found in 2.1% out of 284 cases of no ulcer scar from its follow-up study. Its x2 test revealed no significant difference among these values. However, we might conclude that endoscopical follow-up study of chronic gastric ulcer, especially long linear ulcer, is indispensable for understanding the evaluation of malignant change of ch ronic gastric ulcer. PMID- 1234094 TI - Immune reaction in the gastric mucosa: passive mucosal anaphylaxis and experimental ulcer. AB - Immune reaction in the gastric mucosa using purified antigen-antibody system was investigated. Applying the technique of PCA on the gastric mucosa of dog, interesting phenomena named "Passive Mucosal Anaphylaxis (PMA) was obtained. The reaction could be produced even by the orally administered antigen. By the direct injection of soluble immune complex into the gastric mucosa, production of experimental ulcer was observed, in which parietal cells were relatively resistent to the immune tissue damage. PMID- 1234096 TI - Studies on biliary bile acid metabolism in hepato-biliary diseases. AB - Biliary bile acid have been analyzed in patients with various hepato-biliary diseases by thin-layer chromatography, and divided into 4 types of glycine- and taurine-conjugates. The composition of biliary bile acid was different according to the hepatic impairement, and the ratio of glycine-conjugate to taurine conjugate was decreased in chronic liver diseases. The G/T ratio was 1.49 +/- 0.36 in the control group, but was 0.96 +/- 0.18 in severe liver cirrhosis, and 1.38 +/- 0.44 in chronic active hepatitis. In acute hepatitis, the G/T ratio was low on the initial stage of the diseases, and returned to a normal range upon recovery. There was also a dicrease in the ratio of dihydroxycholic to cholic acid of biliary bile acid in patients with chronic liver diseases. In conclusion, the measurement of bile acid in bile has a diagnostic value for chronic hepatic impairement. PMID- 1234095 TI - Secretory function of the stomach of Japanese with endoscopically normal gastric mucosa. AB - Using gastrin-like AOC-tetrapeptide the secretory function of the stomach of Japanese with endoscopically normal gastric mucosa was examined in a multicenter clinical study. Mean one hour secretion volume, mean maximal acidity, and mean maximal acid output were found to be 129.3 +/- 60.0 ml/hr, 103.7 +/- 32.4 mEq/l, and 9.2 +/- 6.9 mEq/hr respectively. Results were analysed according to sex or age by analysis of variance and compared further with the corresponding data reported in the literature. PMID- 1234097 TI - HBc and HBs antigen in hepatocytes. AB - The relationship between the electron microscopical structures and the immunofluorescent appearance of HB antigen found in the hepatocytes of patients with HB antigenemia was carefully studied, with the purpose to clarify the nature of those structures. The nuclei of hepatocytes, containing numerous virus-like particles, showed positive immunoflourescence by antiserum against the core of Dane particles. The areas in which filamentous structures were observed in the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulums and hyaloplasma, corresponded to orcein or aldehyde-fuchsin positive substances in the light microscope, whereas direct relationship between filamentous structures and HBs antigen was still obscure. Accordingly, it may be concluded that virus-like particles in the nucleus correpond to core and filamentous structures in the cytoplasma correlate with coat protein of hepatitis B virus. PMID- 1234098 TI - HBs-Ag, HBc-Ag and virus-like particles in liver tissue. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBc-Ag) in hepatic tissue of 3 cases with various liver diseases were investigated by immunofluorescent method. Virus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in the nuclei of these 3 cases. The localization of HBs-Ag was restricted in cytoplasma or on the surface of hepatocyte, while HBc-Ag was almost in the hepatocytic nuclei. However, there was unexplainable discrepancy between the distribution of HBs-Ag and that of HBc-Ag, as more the former in number and less that latter, of hepatocytes. The size of virus-like particles in nuclei was 22-27 nm in diameter. Most of them were hollow, but some of them were wholly electron dense. Their distribution was various from case to case. Discussion was made on the correlation between the presence of Hepatitis B virus and HBs-Ag or HBc-Ag. PMID- 1234100 TI - End result of the surgical treatment for advanced stomach carcinoma [proceedings]. PMID- 1234099 TI - Studies on the inhibition of experimental liver fibrosis. 2. The mechanism of the inhibition of liver fibrosis of rats due to carbon tetrachloride by elastase. AB - In the previous experiments, it was demonstrated that high purity elastase extracted from porcine pancreas remarkably inhibits liver fibrosis of rats having chronic liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. This time, with the purpose to clarify the mechanism of inhibition of liver fibrosis by elastase, comparative study was made on the activity of lysosomal enzymes by measuring beta glucuronidase, cathepsin and collagenolytic activity, with the rats administered with elastase and with those untreated, during the period of development of liver fibrosis and the recovery from it. In addition to it, in vitro experiments were made by having elastase act on the substrate comprising mixed collagen of acid soluble and neutral soluble collagens extracted from the skin of guinea pigs and by observing collagen components by disc electrophoresis. With any lysosomal enzymes, no marked difference was noticed between elastase group and non administered group and thus the possibility of inhibition of liver fibrosis through activation of lysosomal enzyme by elastase was denied. The results of disc electrophoretic observation of the performance of elastase on collagen revealed that beta-component of collagen is disappeared but alpha-component remained. From the above, inhibition of liver fibrosis by elastase may be due to direct affection of elastase to telopeptide portion of collagen. PMID- 1234101 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis and the allied disease [proceedings]. PMID- 1234102 TI - Macroamylasemia: clinical and laboratory features in 7 patients. AB - The clinical features of patients with macroamylasemia are diverse. A certain correlation between macroamylasemia and the disease of the pancreas or hepato biliary system may exist, because among 7 patients in this series 4 patients were diagnosed as acute pancreatitis or relapsing pancreatitis and another patient was performed choledochotomy and manipulation of papilla of Vater may had a effect on pancreas. Among other 2 patients, one was completely symptomless and had no abnormal findings and in another the action of anticancer drugs is suspected. The course of macroamylasemia is usually chronic but in this series one patient had acute transient macroamylasemia and another one had intermittent macroamylasemia during exacerbations of pancreatitis. The serum amylase levels are mostly 2-4 times above normal with one exception (192 Somogyi units) and urinary amylase values are low with one exception (1922 Somogyi units) during exacerbation of pancreatitis. Characteristic zymogram of macroamylase on electrophoresis is also reported. PMID- 1234103 TI - Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural findings in the human gastric mucosa during fasting. AB - In this study the influence of fasting on the structures in the human gastric mucosa was followed using selective histoenzymological and electronmicroscopic method. The gastrobioptical material of 7 healthy volunteers was examined after 24 to 240 hour fasting. During fasting an increased acid phosphatase activity in the chief cells of the human fundal mucosa was observed. The activity of the nonspecific esterase (naphtyl esterase) in the chief cells decreased mainly after 240 hour fasting. In the electronmicroscopic examination of the chief cells during fasting a multiplication of lysosomes and narrowing of the granular endoplasmic reticulum was observed. In some chief cells during fasting an agglomeration of zymogen granules was seen while in others only a few granules were observed. In the parietal and other cells of the human gastric glands a steatosis, which attained excessive values, was seen after 72 and 240 hours of fasting. We believe that this steatosis occurred mainly on the strength fasting lipemia with the possible participation of other factors. The changes in the mitochondrial structure of the parietal and other cells of the human gastric mucosa were only slightly pronounced. "The decreased" activity of dehydrogenase in the steatotic parietal cells under a histochemical examination may represent only findings caused by the agglomeration of a large amount of lipid drops in the steatotic cells. After 72 and 240 hours of fasting the parietal cells contained collapsed, underdeveloped intracellular canaliculi and narrowed tubulovesicular profiles probably related to the decreased HCl production. Generally it can be said that the observed morphological changes are the consequences of the decreased function of human gastric mucosa cells during fasting and that these regressive changes are reversible and they are caused by an insufficiency of nutrition. PMID- 1234105 TI - Comparison of detectability of elevated amylase of serum and urine in pancreatic diseases by two amylase assay methods using starch substrates of different digestive rates to pancreatic amylase. AB - Detectability of abnormally high serum and urine amylases was investigated on patients with pancreatic diseases using amylase assays with substrates of different digestive rates to pancreatic amylase. Ratios of amylase activities determined by a chromogenic assay using a Remazolbrilliant Blue R starch (RBB assay) to those by Caraway's assay using a Lintner soluble starch (R/C ratio) were calculated on duodenal and salivary amylases obtained from 16 subjects undergoing a pancreozymin-secretin test. The R/C ratio of the duodenal amylase (M +/- SD = 0.56 +/- 0.12) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01 by F test) than that of the salivary amylase (M +/- SD = 0.36 +/- 0.10). Detectability of above-normal values of serum and urine amylases were compared with two assays in 77 pancreatic patients. The value for serum and urine amylases determined by the RBB and Caraway's assays exceeded the upper limit of normal in 37 and 58% by the RBB assay and 24 and 26% by Caraway's assay, respectively. Degrees of abnormality (ratio of the observed to the upper normal value) in serum and urine amylases were also significantly higher (p less than 0.05 for serum and p less than 0.01 upper for urine) by the RBB assay than by Caraway's assay. The RBB assay was more sensitive than Caraway's assay in detecting elevation of pancreatic amylase in serum and urine. PMID- 1234104 TI - Albumin synthesis and effect of betamethasone on albumin synthesis in perfused liver of normal and CCL4-intoxicated rats. AB - Synthesis of plasma albumin was studied in perfused liver of normal and CCl4 intoxicated rats, using 14C-bicarbonate method. 1. In normal liver, albumin synthesis averaged 5.6 mg/hr/100 g body weight. 2. In CCl4-intoxicated liver, albumin synthesis decreased to 4.6 mg at acute stage, but restored to 5.1 mg at non-septal fibrotic stage. At septal fibrotic, cirrhotic and cirrhotic stage with ascites, the synthesis rate averaged 4.5 mg, 4.1 mg and 3.2 mg, respectively. From these results, it is inferred that albumin synthesis rate decreases in accordance with the progress of the liver injury. 3. Effect of betamethasone on plasma albumin synthesis in perfused rat liver was investigated. Albumin synthesis rate in normal liver averaged 5.4 mg, and after addition of betamethasone, the rate averaged 4.3 mg, 3.3 mg and 2.8 mg, respectively. The rate after addition of betamethasone increased to 7.3 mg, 5.5 mg and 4.5 mg, respectively. From these results obtained, it is inferred that betamethasone increases plasma albumin synthesis in both normal and CCl4-intoxicated liver. 4. In normal liver, actinomycin-D did not inhibit basal albumin synthesis, but inhibited the increase of albumin synthesis by betamethasone, when actinomycin-D was added together with betamethasone. From these facts, it is concluded that betamethasone is able to induce albumin synthesis. PMID- 1234106 TI - Gastric ulcer and carcinoma in fundic gland area. AB - The gastric ulcer and carcinoma in the fundic gland area were investigated with the surgically resected cases. 1. The frequency of the ulcer in the fundic gland area was 8.2% of 2194 cases of gastric ulcer and that of carcinoma in this area was 8.4% of 780 cases of gastric carcinoma. These two diseases showed high frequency in the age group of forty to fifty years withpreponderance in female. 2. The ulcers in the fundic gland area usually showed high acidity and high frequency of massive bleeding like as melena and hematemesis comparing with other lesions or the ulcers in other sites. 3. The ratio of the low-differentiated carcinomas to the well-differentiated ones was about 3.7 to 1 in the fundic gland area and 1 to 1.3 in the pyrolic gland area. 4. The frequency of the early gastric carcinomas was 27% and 41% in the fundic and pyrolic gland areas, respectively. 5. In the fundic gland area, as observed in the pyrolic gland area, the low-differentiated carcinomas usually occurred on the non-metaplastic mucosa and the majority of well-differentiated ones were frequently found in association with the intestinal metaplasia. 6. Although the solitary carcinoma in the anterior wall or greater curvature was found not infrequently, the solitary ulcer was not found in these sites in this series. PMID- 1234107 TI - Detection of hypersensitivity to drugs by lymphocyte cultures in drug-induced allergic hepatitis. AB - Fifty-three out of 70 patients with drug-induced liver injury showed an immunological response to the drug using either the lymphocyte transformation test or the macrophage migration inhibitory test (MI test) or both. Both the separated lymphocyte culture and the microvolume whole blood culture technique are available as assay methods. The latter method is simpler and the results of both methods are comparable. The administration of a synthetic copolymer of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) to the culture medium enhances the lymphocyte response to antigen and is therefore very useful to detect weak responses. PMID- 1234108 TI - The distribution of serotonin-containing cells in the human alimentary tract. AB - The distribution of serotonin-containing cells (SC cells) in the human alimentary tract was studied by means of the fluorescent histochemical method of Falck et al. on surgically resected specimens. No SC cells could be observed in the nonmucosal parts of the alimentary tract and in the squamous cell epithelium of the esophagus. The richest SC cells were observed in the upper portion of the small intestine (namely the duodenum and the jejunum). The rectum was relatively rich in the distribution of SC cells. They moderately distributed in the terminal ileum and the pyloric and cardiac gland region of the stomach. The ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon and the fundic gland region of the stomach showed poor distribution of SC cells. The basal-layer of the mucosa contained generally richer SC cells than the superficial-layer of the mucosa throughout the alimentary tract except for the esophagus. In the pyloric gland region of the stomach, the rectum and the upper portion of the small intestine, often a few SC cells were observed in the basal part of several glands in the transverse section. In contrast, SC cells could be rarely identified in other parts of the alimentary tract even in the basal part of the mucosa. And it was characteristic that SC cells distributed fairly even in the mucosa of the sigmoid colon. PMID- 1234109 TI - [Case of D/E translocation 45, XX, 13--, 18--, t(18q+, 13--)]. PMID- 1234110 TI - [Effect of a magnetic field on chromosome set and cell division]. AB - An effect of stable magnetic field on karyotype and cell division of human lymphocytes from peripheral blood was studied in tissue culture. Comparative investigations were carried out with lymphocytes, which were treated with magnetic field of different tension (0,179; 0,391 and 0,600 Ts) and continuance (30 sec, 30 and 60 min). Lymphocytes, treated with stable magnetic field, were suspended in donor plasma and immediately cultivated after the treatment. The stable magnetic field was found to have a distinct mutagenic effect on cultivated lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. The increase in structural impairements of chromosomes correlated with tension of magnetic field and continuance of its effect. In structural impairements of chromosomes the chromatid gaps and breaks were more often observed but chromosome ruptures and pericentric clearances occurred more rarely. The effect of stable magnetic field on lymphocytes proliferation was studied. Under weak and transient using of magnetic field the proliferation was stimulated, but in rigid conditions - mitosis and blastic transformation were decreased. Continuous effect of magnetic field with weak tension did not inhibite the blastic transformation but influenced on the survival rate of cells in tissue culture, enhancing their lethality. PMID- 1234111 TI - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of selection in diploid and autotetraploid populations]. AB - The mitotic activity and ploidy of cells of three strains of cellus tissue by the addition of the culture medium of 0,01; 0,1 and 1 mg/l of phytohemagglutinin was studied. These strains derived from the leaves of haploid, diploid, and tetraploid plants of Lycopersicon, esculentum. The number of dividing cells under the influence of phytohemagglutinin increased by 1;5 and 4% for haploid, diploid and tetraploid strains respectively. The shift of the peak of the mitotic activity at early stages of subculture under the effect of phytohemagglutinin was noticed. Phytohemagglutinin did not change the frequencies of cells of different ploidy in all the strains analysed. A weak mutagenic activity of phytohemagglutinin in the concentrations used was observed. Cells with single bridges were more frequently observed among the aberrant cells. PMID- 1234112 TI - [Possible association of epilepsy with dizygotic twinning]. AB - The frequency of twinning among 9457 children and abolescents suffering epilepsy and epileptiform syndrom was established to be 1,94%, exceeding that in general population and being particularly high in the group of patients with epilepsy (2,65%). The frequency of stillbirths and deaths in one of the co-twins amounted 18,57%. The proportion of same-sexed and opposite-sexed pairs in the sample examined differs from that in general population, dizygous pair exceeding their number expected. PMID- 1234113 TI - [Fecundity and embryonal mortality of four inbred strains of mice, BALB/c, B10.CW, A/Sn, CC57W and their hybrids]. AB - The object of this investigation was the potential fecundity of four inbred strains of mice, viz. BALB/c, B10.SW, CC57W, A/Sn and of their different hybrid combinations. The inbred strains studied had different normal ovulation numbers varying from 9,2 to 11,9 and different death-rate of embryos before (10,99 39,49%) and after (9,05-22,47%) the implantation. The numbers of live embryos per female in the strains A/Sn, B10.CW and CC57W were practically equal to one another, but significantly larger than in the strain BALB/c. Interlinear crosses resulted in a considerable decrease of the total embryonic death-rate, while the normal ovulation number did not undergo any changes. The number of live embryos in simple hybrids did not differ significantly from that in the maternal inbred strains. Therefore the heterozygosity of embryos did not affect significantly the potential fecundity of females. The number of surviving embryos per female increased in the cross between the simple hybrids (BALB/cXB10.CW) X (CC57WXA/Sn) to 8,9 +/- 0,37. This heterosis was the result of the total death-rate of embryos down to 14,89%. As it is shown by the comparison of the potential fecundity of pregnant females carrying homo- and heterozygous embryos to that of pregnant hybrid females, the rate of survival of embryos depends more on the genotype of the mother, than on that of the embryos. PMID- 1234114 TI - [Biochemical-genetic mechanisms of learning. II. Selection for high and low rates of acquiring a motor conditioned reflex]. AB - Using the model of feeding motor conditioned reflex, polymorphism for the rate of the formation of this response was found in a population of laboratory animals. Selection for high and low rate of the formation of this reflex resulted in significant differences in this character between two strains already in the second generation. These differences are maintained in subsequent generations. The existing henerogeneity for the rate of the formation of conditioned response in the population is shown to be genetically determined. PMID- 1234115 TI - [Mutagenic effect of irradiating different species on the sex cells of male mice. VIII. Frequency of development of reciprocal translocations in the spermatogonia of mice subjected to chronic gamma-irradiation]. AB - The frequency of reciprocal translocations in mice spermatogonia after the exposure to chronic gamma-irradiation at doses of 100, 200, 300, 600, 920 r, at the dose rate of 4,2 r/day was investigated. It was shown that the mutation frequency increased insignificantly with the increase of the radiation dose (y = 0,8+0,0011 x). The comparison of the data obtained with earlier results revealed no changes in the yield of translocations at the reduction of the dose rate from 10 r/day to 4,2 r/day. The investigation of the genetic radiosensitivity of mice spermatogonia after a chronic gamma-irradiation showed a tendency to increase in their radioresistance. PMID- 1234116 TI - Fatigue fractures. PMID- 1234117 TI - Osteoporosis. PMID- 1234118 TI - Pathological fractures in echinococcosis of bone. PMID- 1234119 TI - The treatment of pathological fractures with special reference to the use of major prosthetic replacement of bone. AB - Over 26 years 44 major prosthetic replacements have been carried out for tumours and tumorous like conditions of the long bones (including 15 with pathological fractures). There have been 10 deaths (none post-operative). 5 secondary amputations have been carried out for recurrence, breakage or infection. PMID- 1234120 TI - Management of pathological fractures at the Mayo clinic. PMID- 1234121 TI - Indications for the use of prostheses in the treatment of pathological fractures due to primary malignant and metastatic tumours of bone. PMID- 1234122 TI - Pathological fractures in benign tumours, pseudotumours, and localised dysplasia,. PMID- 1234123 TI - [Bilateral erect humerus dislocation--a rare injury]. PMID- 1234124 TI - [Indication, technic and results of various surgical procedures in habitual shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 1234125 TI - [Surgical treatment of habitual shoulder dislocation using the Weber subcapital humeral osteotomy]. PMID- 1234126 TI - [Our results of rotation-osteotomy in habitual shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 1234127 TI - [Treatment of habitual shoulder dislocations. (Late results following the Eden Hybinette surgical technic)]. PMID- 1234128 TI - [Modified operation using the Trillat method in habitual shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 1234129 TI - [Our results following surgical treatment of habitual shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 1234130 TI - [Results of surgery using the Bankart-Bunell method]. PMID- 1234131 TI - [When and how frequently will a new shoulder dislocation result in a habitual (recurring) shoulder dislocation?]. PMID- 1234132 TI - [Habitual dorsal shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 1234133 TI - [Injuries of the acromioclavicular joint]. PMID- 1234134 TI - [Surgical or conservative treatment of shoulder-joint rupture]. PMID- 1234135 TI - [Therapy of the AC dislocation with and without acromioclavicular fracture]. PMID- 1234136 TI - [Treatment of fresh acromioclavicular dislocation with temporary extra-articular fixation of the clavicle using the Bosworth technic]. PMID- 1234137 TI - [Our experiences with the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation]. PMID- 1234138 TI - [Results of various treatment methods in acromioclavicular dislocation]. PMID- 1234139 TI - [Our results of conservative and surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation]. PMID- 1234141 TI - [Soft-part injuries. (Injuries of the joint capsule, muscles and tendons)]. PMID- 1234140 TI - [Our experiences with the surgical treatment of fresh and old acromioclavicular dislocations]. PMID- 1234142 TI - [Vascular injuries in dislocations and fractures of the shoulder-joint area]. PMID- 1234143 TI - [Vascular injuries of shoulder area]. PMID- 1234144 TI - [Arterial injuries in the shoulder region]. PMID- 1234145 TI - [Circular-saw injuries of the armpit with the severing of blood vessels and nerves]. PMID- 1234147 TI - [Surgical treatment of brachial plexus sprains]. PMID- 1234146 TI - [Problems and surgical therapy in the neglected Paget-Schroetter syndrome]. PMID- 1234148 TI - [Prognosis of nerve injuries due to dislocations and dislocation fractures of the shoulder, as well as fractures of the humeral neck]. PMID- 1234149 TI - [Shoulder-joint arthrodesis and pectoral transplant due to upper plexus paralysis: rehabilitation of shoulder movement and elbow bending deficiencies]. PMID- 1234150 TI - [Post-traumatic stiffness of the shoulder]. PMID- 1234151 TI - [Significance of shoulder arthrography in degenerative and post-traumatic changes]. PMID- 1234152 TI - [Intra-operative findings in humeroscapular periarthritis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 1234153 TI - [Blood supply of the humeral head]. PMID- 1234154 TI - [Conservative treatment possibilities of post-traumatic shoulder stiffness]. PMID- 1234155 TI - [What role does the cervical spine play in post-traumatic stiffness of the shoulder?]. PMID- 1234156 TI - [Evaluation principles of accident sequelae involving the shoulder region]. PMID- 1234157 TI - [Round table discussion on shoulder injuries]. PMID- 1234158 TI - [The functional unit knee joint--its peculiarities and clinical problems]. PMID- 1234159 TI - [Conservative therapy of humeral head and neck fractures]. PMID- 1234160 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234162 TI - [Value of tomography in the evaluation of tibial-head fractures with reference to classification, surgical indication and expert opinion]. PMID- 1234161 TI - [Experimental studies on the limitations of roentgenologic demonstration of tibial-plateau impression fractures]. PMID- 1234163 TI - [Value of tomography for the evaluation of late results in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234164 TI - [Arthrography of the knee joint following tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234165 TI - [Therapeutic consequences following scintigraphy of the tibial head]. PMID- 1234166 TI - [Arthroscopy of tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234167 TI - [Conservative therapy of fresh tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234168 TI - [Is the plaster cast dangerous in severe tibial-head fractures?]. PMID- 1234169 TI - [Conservative and mechanical treatment possibilities in late sequelae of tibial fractures]. PMID- 1234170 TI - [Conservative and surgical management of new tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234171 TI - [Our experiences with the treatment of tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234172 TI - [Surgical treatment of tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234173 TI - [The fork plate in tibial head fractures]. PMID- 1234174 TI - [Management of impression fractures of the tibial head using plate osteosynthesis]. PMID- 1234175 TI - [Separation of surgical and conservatuve therapy in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234177 TI - [Conservative treatment of humeral neck and head fractures]. PMID- 1234176 TI - [The lining of raised impressions of the tibial head]. PMID- 1234178 TI - [The open tibial-head fracture, its osteosynthesis and late results]. PMID- 1234179 TI - [Percutaneous spongiosaplasty and percutaneous use of screws in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234181 TI - [Chisel fracture of the tibial headA1]. PMID- 1234180 TI - [Atypical tibial-head fractures and tibial-head pseudarthroses]. PMID- 1234182 TI - [Classification, surgical treatment and late results in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234183 TI - [Reconstruction of old tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234184 TI - [Arthroplasty following tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234186 TI - [Arthrodesis following tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234185 TI - [Reconstruction of the tibial plateau]. PMID- 1234187 TI - [Knee arthrodesis today]. PMID- 1234188 TI - [Subcapital humeral fractures in old age]. PMID- 1234190 TI - [Transposition osteotomy following tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234189 TI - [Compression arthrodesis following tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234191 TI - [Late results of primary, severely displaced tibial-head fractures (conservative treatment and minimal osteosynthesis)]. PMID- 1234192 TI - [Follow-up examinations in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234194 TI - [Late results of surgical therapy in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234193 TI - [Late results of 255 surgically treated tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234195 TI - [Surgical treatment of tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234196 TI - [Late complications following tibial head fractures]. PMID- 1234198 TI - [Medical rehabilitation following tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234197 TI - [Indication and technic of spike wire osteosynthesis in subcapital humeral fractures]. PMID- 1234200 TI - [Round-table discussion on tibial head fractures]. PMID- 1234199 TI - [Processing of fracture types using EDP: tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1234201 TI - [Basic medial-record documentation within the scope of legal accident insurance]. PMID- 1234202 TI - [New development of wear-resistant ceramic and metal composite prostheses with ribbed support shafts for cement-free implantation]. PMID- 1234203 TI - [The typical traffic accident of the adolescent: the motorcycle accident]. PMID- 1234204 TI - [Fractures of the sternum in motorists and their treatment methods]. PMID- 1234205 TI - [Treatment of thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures using the 3-point support brace]. PMID- 1234206 TI - [Results in the treatment of 65 cases of traumatic paraplegia in childhood]. PMID- 1234207 TI - [Treatment and results in post-traumatic arthritis]. PMID- 1234208 TI - [Treatment of pathological fractures]. PMID- 1234209 TI - [Effect of the rotation cuff on proximal and distal humeral fractures]. PMID- 1234210 TI - [Oral vaccine therapy in chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 1234211 TI - [Technic and results in the management of clavicular pseudoarthroses]. PMID- 1234212 TI - [A simplified compression arthrodesis of the shoulder joint]. PMID- 1234213 TI - [Special composite osteosynthesis for the upper arm: experimental studies and clinical experiences]. PMID- 1234214 TI - [Radial nerve transposition in plate osteosynthesis of humeral-shaft fractures in the median third]. PMID- 1234215 TI - [Surgical management of distal biceps-tendon ruptures]. PMID- 1234216 TI - [Ruptures of biceps tendons and their treatment]. PMID- 1234217 TI - [Indication and results of osteosynthesis in compound fractures of the elbow joint region especially in older patients]. PMID- 1234218 TI - [Intermediate callus following plate osteosynthesis of lower-arm fractures]. PMID- 1234219 TI - [Post-traumatic carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 1234220 TI - [A new method for the treatment of navicular-bone pseudarthroses]. PMID- 1234221 TI - [Surgical therapy of humeral head and neck fractures]. PMID- 1234222 TI - [The Tobelbader hand]. PMID- 1234223 TI - [Biochemical studies on the prebending of AO-osteosynthesis plates]. PMID- 1234224 TI - [Traumatic femur-head necrosis--accident relation-diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 1234225 TI - [Indications for isolated femur-head prosthesis]. PMID- 1234226 TI - [Nailing using the Ender method or AO-angle plate in pertrochanteric fracture]. PMID- 1234227 TI - [Rotration-stable condylar nailing of pertrochanteric fractures]. PMID- 1234228 TI - [Principles of femur-head epiphysiolysis]. PMID- 1234229 TI - [Surgical technic and results in fractures of the distal with suprachondylar and condylar fracture zones]. PMID- 1234230 TI - [Spatial fixateur externe--biomechanical studies]. PMID- 1234231 TI - [Histological changes following experimental Achilles-tendon rupture]. PMID- 1234232 TI - [Current views on the genesis of Achilles-tendon rupture]. PMID- 1234233 TI - [Surgical management of talus fractures and dislocations]. PMID- 1234234 TI - [Surgical management of the calcaneus cyst]. PMID- 1234235 TI - [Dislocations and dislocation fractures of tarsal bones and their therapeutic results]. PMID- 1234236 TI - [Surgical indication and technic of tarsal fracture management]. PMID- 1234237 TI - [Walking in plaster casts]. PMID- 1234238 TI - [Corrective interventions following post-traumatic shortening--treatment and results]. PMID- 1234239 TI - [Microstructural changes of the human cortical substance following pressure-plate osteosynthesis]. PMID- 1234240 TI - [Experimental studies on implant anchoring within the spongy bones]. PMID- 1234241 TI - [Quality of the graft bed and the time for spongiosaplasty]. PMID- 1234242 TI - [Transplantation--experiment or standardized method for the treatment of cartilage defects]. PMID- 1234243 TI - [Histology and composite osteosynthesis in the animal experiment]. PMID- 1234244 TI - [Biological behavior of transplanted spongiosa onto devitalized cortical substance in the animal experiment]. PMID- 1234245 TI - [Surgical management of fractures of the proximal humerus]. PMID- 1234246 TI - [Legal principles of disaster aid]. PMID- 1234247 TI - [Evaluation of relief work in disasters]. PMID- 1234248 TI - [Relief work in disasters]. PMID- 1234249 TI - [Basic principles and peculiarities of disaster medicine]. PMID- 1234250 TI - [Principles of care for the injured in disasters]. PMID- 1234251 TI - [Percutaneous bundle-nailing in humeral head fractures]. PMID- 1234252 TI - [Triage]. PMID- 1234253 TI - [Radiation protection, organizational and technical possibilities in prevention and treatment]. PMID- 1234254 TI - [Organized emergency services in town and country]. PMID- 1234255 TI - [Organized rescue service in the mountains]. PMID- 1234256 TI - [Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder]. PMID- 1234257 TI - [Late results of surgically and conservatively treated humeral head and subcapital humeral fractures]. PMID- 1234258 TI - [Organized rescue service--water and sea rescue]. PMID- 1234259 TI - [Round-table discussion on emergency health services]. PMID- 1234261 TI - [Conservative and surgical therapy of shoulderblade fractures]. PMID- 1234260 TI - Epidemiologic investigations of asbestos-exposed workers in the United States. PMID- 1234262 TI - Asbestos-related disease in Canada. PMID- 1234263 TI - [Current results of epidemiological studies on the asbestos problem in Northern Germany]. PMID- 1234264 TI - Epidemiological studies on asbestos-exposed workers in South Africa. PMID- 1234265 TI - [Asbetos problems in Switzerland]. PMID- 1234266 TI - Asbestos. Smoking, and lung cancer. PMID- 1234267 TI - [Mesothelioma cases and asbestos exposure in Austria]. PMID- 1234268 TI - Mesothelioma and asbestos in the Netherlands. PMID- 1234270 TI - [Asbestos problems from the morphological and dust-analytical viewpoint]. PMID- 1234271 TI - The use of animal experiments in the study of asbestos bioeffects. PMID- 1234269 TI - [Mesothelioma and asbestos exposure]. PMID- 1234272 TI - [Asbestos determination in industrial microdusts and in lung dusts]. PMID- 1234273 TI - [Experimental studies on various asbestos modifications]. PMID- 1234274 TI - [Treatment of scapular fractures]. PMID- 1234275 TI - [Experiences with preventive health examinations]. PMID- 1234276 TI - [Pulmonary function in asbestos-exposed workers. Results of an epidemiological study in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1234277 TI - Problems in the determination of safety standards for asbestos-exposed workers. PMID- 1234278 TI - Disease possibility caused by asbestos. PMID- 1234279 TI - Methods of control and evaluation in Great Britain. PMID- 1234280 TI - [The asbestosis problem in Austria]. PMID- 1234281 TI - Control of asbestos-exposed workers in South Africa. PMID- 1234282 TI - [Asbestos determination in industrial microdusts and in pulmonary dusts]. PMID- 1234283 TI - [Osteosynthesis of scapular fractures within the scope of multiple injuries of the shoulder girdle]. PMID- 1234284 TI - [X-ray technic]. PMID- 1234285 TI - [Therapeutic results in shoulderblade fractures]. PMID- 1234286 TI - [Iodine allergy with special reference to disinfectants and contrast media]. PMID- 1234287 TI - [Wound infection and bacterial allergy as illustrated on the example of staphylococci]. PMID- 1234288 TI - [Dermatologic diseases due to accidents (with pictoral demonstration)]. PMID- 1234289 TI - [Therapy of new and old shoulder-joint dislocations (including dislocation fractures)]. PMID- 1234290 TI - [Carciogenesis due to accidents?]. PMID- 1234291 TI - [Masculine anorgasm as an accident sequela]. PMID- 1234292 TI - [Shoulder dislocation with humeral neck fracture]. PMID- 1234293 TI - [Dislocation fracture of the humerus]. PMID- 1234294 TI - [Conservative management of dislocation fractures of the humeral head]. PMID- 1234295 TI - [Reduction of shoulder dislocation using the Arlt method]. PMID- 1234296 TI - [Posterior shoulder dislocations]. PMID- 1234297 TI - [Alloplastic replacement of the humeral head following dislocation and compound fractures]. PMID- 1234298 TI - [First experiences with the total WG shoulder-joint prosthesis]. PMID- 1234299 TI - [The problem of neglected, so-called posterior shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 1234300 TI - [Intrathoracic dislocation of the humerus]. PMID- 1234301 TI - [Therapeutic results following dislocation fractures in the shoulder joint]. PMID- 1234302 TI - [Analysis of the worker's health condition and problems of preventive health care in an industrial population]. PMID- 1234303 TI - [Conversion of war industry to more difficult working conditions and problems of the working environment and workman's preventive health care]. PMID- 1234304 TI - [Specificity of the working conditions in the single branches of the war industry and problems of workman's preventive health care]. PMID- 1234305 TI - [Contribution of the industrial physician to the creation of a workman-soldier team from the aspect of ergonomics]. PMID- 1234306 TI - [Role of the industrial physician in the care for patients injured in chemical warfare]. PMID- 1234307 TI - [Extension of the worker's working period for national defense purposes during emergency situations and its repercussion on work capacity and health condition (preventive health care)]. PMID- 1234308 TI - [Criteria for the selection of workman-soldier teams under war conditions from the viewpoint of general national defense]. PMID- 1234309 TI - [Psychomedical aspects of work organization under war conditions]. PMID- 1234310 TI - [Prevention of blindness]. PMID- 1234311 TI - [UNICEF--international fund of the United Nations for help of children in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 1234312 TI - [Work and tasks of the Yugoslavian committe for the control of hypertension]. PMID- 1234313 TI - [Importance of high blood pressure and necessity of organized control of the disease]. PMID- 1234314 TI - [Epidemiological and current preventive aspects of increased blood pressure and hypertension]. PMID- 1234315 TI - [Medical aspects of hypertension]. PMID- 1234317 TI - [Possibilities in organized associated work for control of high blood pressure]. PMID- 1234316 TI - [Organized work in control and treatment of high blood pressure]. PMID- 1234318 TI - [Importance of hypertension and high blood pressure in results of epidemiological research in our country]. PMID- 1234319 TI - [Relation of blood pressure and prevalence of peptic ulcer in an epidemiological study]. AB - On the basis of data from the Epidemiologic Study of Cardiovascular and other chronic diseases which has been carried out among the population of 6460 males, 35-62 years of age in the territory of the Tuzla commune in Yugoslavia, this relationship between peptic ulcer and blood pressure level had been analyzed. PMID- 1234320 TI - [Possibilities in the use of samples in dentistry]. AB - The paper describes a feasibility of a useful application of different types of samples in an investigation of epidemiology of caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease and orthodonic disturbances. Also, an illustration of sampling procedure suitable for investigation of epidemiology of diseases of mouth and teeth is presented. PMID- 1234321 TI - [Epidemiological research on alcoholism in the industry and mining in our country]. PMID- 1234322 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological study on the digestive system diseases in students of the Belgrade university, high school and academy]. PMID- 1234323 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow variations in mental alertness. AB - The state of mental alertness preceding a motor task is accompanied by an increase in cerebral blood flow. During the first trials, these changes seem to be chiefly related to ascending reticular impulses. Habituation lateralizes and focalizes changes which are probably due to metabolic modifications in selective expectancy. The factor E of Eysenck seems to have some correlation with the individual variations observed. PMID- 1234324 TI - Osteopenia and dysregulation of divalent cations in lithium-treated patients. AB - The bone mineral content (BMC) in both forearms (highly correlated to total body calcium) was measured by photon absorptiometry in a representative sample of manic depressive patients receiving lithium treatment. The mean BMC values were 93% of normal, and the mean increases in serum levels of calcium and magnesium were 2mg/l. The incidences of osteopenia, hypercalcaemia and hypermagnesaemia were 16, 12, and 30%, respectively. These results indicate that lithium-treated manic depressive patients have a disturbance in the mineral metabolism, be it due to the disease or the treatment given. PMID- 1234325 TI - The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. A critical analysis. AB - The evidence linking dopamine and schizophrenia is reviewed. Surveyed are studies on dopamine metabolites in schizophrenia, the effects of dopamine agonists, antagonists and depletors on schizophrenia and the action of present treatments of schizophrenia on dopamine. As well, the interrelationship of dopaminergic, cholinergic and gabanergic pathways is examined. It is concluded that the relationship between dopaminergic mechanisms and schizophrenia is nonspecific. The dopamine hypothesis is shown to reflect an attitude towards schizophrenia that emphasizes acute, florid symptoms. It is suggested that researche directed towards studying dopaminergic mechanisms in specific psychopathological symtoms, not syndromes, might prove fruitful. PMID- 1234326 TI - Consequences of acute renal failure relevant to hepatic failure. PMID- 1234327 TI - Functional renal failure (FRF) in cirrhosis of the liver and liver carcinoma. PMID- 1234328 TI - Clinical types and drug therapy of renal impairment in cirrhosis. PMID- 1234329 TI - Effect of portacaval anastomosis on renal blood flow in cirrhosis--preliminary results. PMID- 1234330 TI - Pathogenesis of renal failure in cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 1234331 TI - The role of renin in renal failure associated with hepatic failure. PMID- 1234332 TI - Renal failure in obstructive jaundice--clinical aspects. PMID- 1234333 TI - Renal failure in obstructive jaundice--pathogenic factors. PMID- 1234334 TI - Use of dialysis in the treatment of renal failure in liver disease. PMID- 1234335 TI - Factors relating to sodium excretion in experimental ascites. PMID- 1234336 TI - Renal retention of sodium in cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 1234338 TI - The significance of hyponatraemia in liver failure. PMID- 1234337 TI - Natriuretic hormone--its possible role in fluid and electrolyte disturbances in chronic liver disease. PMID- 1234339 TI - Potassium metabolism and diuretics administration in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 1234340 TI - Renal tubular acidosis in chronic liver disease. PMID- 1234341 TI - A rational approach to the treatment of ascites. PMID- 1234342 TI - Treatment of ascites by reinfusion of concentrated peritoneal fluid--review of 318 procedures in 210 patients. PMID- 1234343 TI - The Rhodiascit system--individual response to reinfusion possibly related to angiotensin sensitivity: preliminary results. PMID- 1234344 TI - Clinical experience with the Rhone-Poulenc ascites reinfusion apparatus. PMID- 1234345 TI - Clinical experience with the Rhone-Poulenc ascites reinfusion apparatus. PMID- 1234346 TI - Concentration-reinfusion (CR) of ascitic of ascitic fluid in the treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis with diuretic-resistant ascites. PMID- 1234347 TI - Experiences and problems in the management of ascites with the Rhodiascit machine. PMID- 1234348 TI - Ascites reinfusion using Rhodiascit apparatus--clinical experience and coagulation abnormalities. PMID- 1234349 TI - Enzymatic organization of the subcommissural organ. AB - In the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the guinea pig, rat, golden hamster, and mouse the activity and distribution of enzymes related to the energy-supplying metabolism and of some marker enzymes of different cell organelles have been investigated by means of mostly modified histochemical methods. The results were compared with findings in the ciliated ependyma of the ventricular wall and with those in the ependyma of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. In the ependymal part of the SCO only a moderate activity of hexokinase is observed in its specialized columnar cells whereas a high activity is present both in the ciliated ependyma and the choroid plexus. - The staining pattern of glucose-6 phosphatase is similar to that of hexokinase but this enzyme is found is the SCO only. - Likewise hexokinase, glycogen granules and enzymes related to glycogen metabolism (phosphoglucomutase, uridine-diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase) are regularly found most numerous and active in the nuclear and supra-nuclear area of the ependymal part. These enzymes are less active in both the other ependymal regions. - Uridine-diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase could not be demonstrated in the SCO. The NADP-linked enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt, glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, show a moderate activity which decreases also from the nuclear towards the apical area of the ependymal cells of the SCO. Enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, such as glucosephosphate isomerase, fructose-6-phosphate kinase, fructose-I,6-diphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase, are highly active in the SCO and are located mainly in the supranuclear area, too. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase could not be demonstrated thus indicating that in the SCO the pathway is most probably only glycolytic but not gluconeogenetic. Compared to the ependyma of the ventricular wall and of the choroid plexus, in the SCO the M type subunits of lactate dehydrogenase predominate. Glycolytic enzymes are also very active in the choroid plexus but less in the ciliated ependyma. Compared to the ciliated ependyma and especially to the ependyma of the choroid plexus, the activities of enzymes which are only present in mitochondria (NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase after preextraction, cytochrome oxidase, 3-hydroxybutyrate and glycerolphosphate and glutamate dehydrogenase) are relatively low. Mitochondria are accumulated near the superior pole of the nuclei as well as in the most apical part of the ependymal cells. - The staining pattern of NADP-linked isocitrate and malate dehydrogenase as well as of NADH dehydrogenase suggests that these enzymes are localized both in and out of mitochondria. The extramitochondrial activity of the first two enzymes might be localized in the cytosol. The extramitochondrial activity of NADH dehydrogenase might be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum... PMID- 1234350 TI - [Immunological examination of patients with undetermined leprosy]. AB - The immunological competence of eleven patients with undetermined leprosy was compared with that of ten normal volunteers of the same age and sex distribution; these controls have not had previous contact with leprosy. The following parameters were studied in peripheral blood cells: 1) percentage of lymphocyte bearing surface immunoglobulins, as revealed by immunofluorescence; 2) percentage of lymphocyte bearing complement receptors, as studied by antibody and complement coated erithrocyte rosetting; 3) percentage of T cells, as revealed by spontaneous sheep erithrocyte rosettes; 4) blastogenic and mytogenic response of cultured lymphocytes to PHA and 5) cell migration inhibition test using lepromine (80 x 10(6) bacilli/ml) as antigen. Skin reactions to lepromine were also assayed. In the six lepromine-positive patients with undetermined leprosy, no major immunological alterations could be detected. On the contrary, the five lepromine-negative patients showed important alterations which could well be considered as precursors of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 1234351 TI - [Inactivation of rabies virus by chemical agents]. AB - To study the virucidal activity of several chemical agents available locally in Argentina for rabies virus, was considered to be very useful for physicians treating persons bitten by rabid dogs and for those responsible for the sterilization of rabies contaminated areas. CVS fixed rabies virus suspensions were treated for one minute at room temperature with soaps of different quality, anionic (most of them derivates of dodecyl-bencene-sulfonic acid) and cationic (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide) detergents, lemon juice, vinegar, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, etc. Most of these agents inactivated 4 logarithms of virus (99.99%) which is approximately the amount of virus present in the saliva of experimentally infected dogs. It is noteworthy that a popular treatment for animal bites in several latin America countries is lemon juice, while the scientific community may still recommend the use of nitric acid which has a definitive necrotic and scarring effect on the treated wound. The need to eliminate organic matter prior to sterilization of contaminated areas because of interference with the virucidal activity of the agents was also confirmed. PMID- 1234352 TI - [Nephropathy of anaphylactic purpura. Anatomo-clinical correlation]. PMID- 1234353 TI - [Capacity of urinary concentration in infant malnutrition. III]. PMID- 1234354 TI - [Congenital bronchial cyst (report of 4 cases)]. PMID- 1234355 TI - [Sepsis due to Citrobacter in the infant]. PMID- 1234356 TI - [Bronchial asthma in children: laboratory and clinical aspects]. PMID- 1234357 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia in childhood: 3 cases of different etiology]. PMID- 1234358 TI - [Congenital bronchiectases]. PMID- 1234359 TI - [Surgical treatment of pyeloureteral obstruction in children]. PMID- 1234361 TI - [Salmonellosis, clinical and epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 1234360 TI - [Various epidemiological and etiological aspects of acute infantile diarrhea]. PMID- 1234362 TI - [Education and health teams for the health care in rural zones]. PMID- 1234363 TI - [Relevancy of premature weaning as a causal factor of malnutrition and infant mortality in Chile 1974]. PMID- 1234364 TI - [M immunoglobulin in newborn infants]. PMID- 1234365 TI - [Whooping cough. I. Epidemiological introduction]. PMID- 1234366 TI - [Diagnosis of whooping cough]. PMID- 1234367 TI - [Whooping cough: treatment and complications]. PMID- 1234368 TI - [A device for taking air samples to be analyzed for suspended particles]. PMID- 1234369 TI - [Eradication of paludism]. PMID- 1234370 TI - [Epidemiologic analysis of the present poliomyelitis situation in Spain]. PMID- 1234371 TI - The clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma. AB - The diagnosis of malignant melanoma thus rests upon an appreciation of sometimes subtle but definite signs detectable by careful observation of color, border, and surface of the lesions. Differential diagnosis lies among several cutaneous lesions, neoplastic and nonneoplastic. At times the lesions that are most difficult to distinguish from malignant melanomas are certain pigmented basal cell carcinomas, thrombosed hemangiomas, and certain types of moles. An attempt has been made in this review to describe and illustrate those features of pigmented lesions that are most helpful in diagnosis. PMID- 1234373 TI - Recent data on the epidemiology of malignant melanoma. PMID- 1234372 TI - Common and uncommon melanocytic nevi and borderline melanomas. PMID- 1234374 TI - The surgical therapy of malignant melanomas. AB - Survival from malignant melanoma has been serially followed over a long period of time. A summation of this information is seen in Table 5. The steadily improving 5- and 10-yr disease-free intervals in stage I disease probably represents a combination of increased awareness of early lesions and the application of aggressive, initial surgical treatment. The ominous and essentially unchanged prognosis in stage II disease reinforces this goal. Suspicion and gross recognition of early melanoma is essential. Adequate biopsy with the appropriate classification provides the surgeon with insight into the correct therapy. This usually entails wide, three-dimensional excision and wound closure by free skin grafting. Regional lymphadenectomy is performed whenever anatomical and microscopic conditions dictate the need. The roles of amputation, regional perfusion, and adjuvant therapy require clarification. Studies are being pursued to provide firm data concerning the value of these methods. PMID- 1234375 TI - Chemotherapy of melanoma. PMID- 1234376 TI - The psychologic support of the cancer patient: a medical oncologist's viewpoint. AB - The cancer patient should not be treated differently from other patients. He has the right to good medical care and, especially, sympathetic and constructive psychologic support during all phases of diagnosis, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, independent of disease extent or therapeutic response. After the physician has reevaluated his own concepts about cancer and death, he can effectively begin to treat and support his cancer patients. By understanding the individual psychologic problems of cancer patients and their families, a physician can develop an effective psychologic, as well as antineoplastic, treatment program. The family physician has the central role of introducing the cancer patient to his illness and to his oncologic physicians. The surgeon should discuss preoperatively the nature of a patient's problem and the proposed surgical treatment with its possible alterations of bodily function. Postoperatively, he and the family physician should develop a treatment program after appropriate consultation with oncologic subspecialists. If the radiotherapist is consulted and feels radiation therapy is indicated, he should outline his objectives and the possible side effects of therapy. Likewise, the medical oncologist should discuss the potential benefits and possible side effects of anticancer drugs if he feels they should be administered. No one way of supporting the cancer patient is superior. Each patient and his doctors have to develop individual relationships based on honesty, trust, and close communication. A continued commitment to the care of the patient with nurturing of hope and realistic goals is necessary, even when all antineoplastic treatment plans have failed. A satisfactory adjustment of the patient, his family, and the physician as he approaches death can be a natural and beneficial outgrowth of the doctor-patient relationship. Although much attention has been recently focused on the problems of the terminal patient, it is also important to realize that even cured cancer patients may need active psychologic support long after successful antineoplastic therapy has been terminated. PMID- 1234377 TI - Psychologic and emotional issues in cancer: the psychotherapeutic care of the cancer patient. PMID- 1234378 TI - The fear of dying: how patients and their doctors behave. PMID- 1234379 TI - Psychosocial care in malignant diseases of childhood: organizational and structural implications. AB - The desirable level of psychosocial care for the malignant diseases of childhood will not occur spontaneously due to the complexity of the treatment, the numerous skills and specialties involved, and the predictably high level of parental and child needs. A philosophy of total care will require careful and explicit formulation. Once the philosophy is established, the organization and its components must structure the care in such a manner as to assure delivery of total medical-psychosocial management. Specific methods can be incorporated which will support the care deliverers who, in turn, provide the care for the nuclear family unit. Such methods may include parent group meetings, care conference rounds, and emotional-psychologic management conferences as discussed. PMID- 1234380 TI - Nutritional complications of cancer and its treatment. PMID- 1234381 TI - Concepts in cancer rehabilitation. PMID- 1234382 TI - Management of osseous metastases. PMID- 1234383 TI - Humor manifestations of neoplasms. AB - The exact prevalence of the humoral syndromes associated with neoplasm is not known but it seems clear that they exist more commonly than is realized. Hormonal syndromes are very often seen in patients with carcinoma of the lung. Awareness of the large number of ectopic hormonal syndromes in patients with tumors can lead to early diagnosis, treatment, and herald recurrence. They may be responsible for new signs and symptoms which can be life-shortening. Hormonal causes of clinical deterioration must be considered before concluding that symptoms are due to metastases in patients with neoplastic disease. Tumors are chemically active and the important concept which has had great impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and basic understanding of mechanisms, which are important to endocrinologists and oncologists has been stated by Liddle: "Certain tumors of nonendocrine tissue can produce hormones that are similar to normal hormones except that their production is not appropriately controlled by normal physiologic mechanisms." Survival and quality of life can be reduced in patients with the metabolic complications of these humors. The list of humoral substances released by tumors is growing as technologic advances lead to their detection. Other chemical substances produced by neoplastic tissue may have biologic activity which impacts on the patient's clinical condition and which we cannot recognize, at this time, because the techniques to detect them have not been developed. If there are signs or symptoms of overproduction of a hormone, search for a tumor; if a patient has a tumor, search for biologically active substances. PMID- 1234384 TI - Role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis. AB - Platelets are central to both normal hemostasis and abnormal thrombotic states along with the vessel wall, coagulation elements, and blood flow. The platelets play a pivotal role in the reaction that occurs after vessel injury, during which platelets first adhere to the vessel wall, undergo a release reaction and then aggregate, probably as a result of the materials released from platelets. These processes can be studied by a series of in vitro tests which form the basis of our knowledge of platelets in hemostasis. While the hemostatic plug is usually microscopic in size, this same plug (platelet thrombus) may contribute to the pathogenesis of several arterial diseases such as transient ischemic attacks, sudden blindness, sudden cardiac death and acute respiratory death syndrome. Careful microscopic examinations have shown that platelet aggregates may be found in the microcirculation which could affect vital structures such as the conduction system of the heart. Both anatomic and therapeutic evidence evidence suggests that platelets play a role in venous thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests increased levels of materials known to be released from platelets in patients with both arterial and venous thrombi along with increased platelet coagulant activities in patients with venous thrombosis. PMID- 1234385 TI - Normal platelet numbers. Pulmonary-platelet interactions. PMID- 1234386 TI - Platelet kinetics--1975. AB - Studies of platelet kinetics have provided useful information regarding the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and related disorders. Additionally, platelet survival studies have been useful in evaluating the efficacy of drugs that may be useful as platelet inhibitors. Many questions remain, however, and answers are needed before much of the kinetic data can be confidently applied to clinical problems in thrombosis. PMID- 1234387 TI - [Genesis of islands in the human placenta]. AB - A fetal origin of the isalnds was supposed after light microscopical observations, investigated especially on young placentas. Electron microscopical examination confirm this supposition. The following facts prove, that the islands are products of the trophoblast: 1. The development of Langhans-cells to the differentiated cytotrophoblast, passing the state of the transitional cell type - I have called the differentiated cytotrophoblast "trophocyte". 2. The linkage of the trophocyte to the syncytiotrophoblast of the islands by desmosomes. 3. Definite morphological differences between the trophocytes and the decidual cells. 4. The absence of connective tissue and vessels in the islands. PMID- 1234388 TI - Comparative histomorphology of the Mauthner cells in some freshwater teleosts. AB - The histomorphological observations are made on the Mauthner cells in eight species of teleosts belonging to six different families. The cells are better developed in Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Labeo rohita, Danio, malabaricus and Puntius ticto. They are symmetrically situated in Nandus nandus and are found to be absent in Mastocembalus armatus. Their position, shape and size vary in different species. The axon cap is well developed in Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and carps. The cell body sends lateral and ventral dendrites besides several small dendrites. The lateral dendrite emerges through the axon cap, turns dorsolateral and becomes myelinated to form Mauthner axon. The Mauthner axon extends in the spinal region upto the caudal peduncle and forms synapses with the spinal motoneurons of the front column. There are numerous synapses and end bulbs from the vestibular fibres and VIIIth nerve distributed on the perikaryan of the Mauthner cell body. It is suggested that the Mauthner cells are comparatively well developed in those species in which the tail fin is better utilized for swimming. PMID- 1234389 TI - Structure of the neurohypophysis and the hypothalamo-hypophysial vascularization in the teleost Channa punctatus Bloch. AB - In C. punctatus the median eminence includes the subterminal region of the hypothalamus and the anterior neurohypophysis. It is formed of ependymal, fibrous and reticular layers as in the tetrapods. Primary capillary plexus extends from the subterminal region to the extremity of the anterior neurohypophysis. Only few portal vessels from the hypothalamus enter in the pars distalis. All the components of pituitary including the pars intermedia are irrigated by the secondary plexus formed from the portal vessels emerging out of the anterior neurohypophysis. The neurosecretory axons and the ependymal cells are in close morphological contact with the primary plexus. Several axons have perivascular endings at the median eminence. Some axons were found to be only silver or aldehyde fuchsin positive whereas some others take up both. The silver positive axons were abundant in the pars distalis and the AF positive ones were more concentrated in the pars intermedia with greater accumulation of neurosecretory material. PMID- 1234390 TI - [Stereological studies of aging changes in epiglottal cartilage cells]. AB - The topic of these investigations were the aging changes of stereological parameters of the cells in human epiglottal cartilage. 42 sagittally cut epiglottides of all ages were available. By means of a drawing mirror in total 8937 cells had been drawn from the slide on paper and then measured. In detail we determined the volume fraction of cartilagous cells in the total cartilage volume, the complete cell surface area of the cartilage, the surface-to-volume ratio of the cartilagous cells, the numerical density of the cells and their volumes. The results are as follows: 1. The volume fraction of cartilagous cells in the total cartilage volume decreases from birth to senium continuously and, with the exception of a more rapid decline during the first decade, linear too. 2. The collective cell surface area per constant test volume of cartilage shows an exponential decline during life. 3. The surface-to-volume ratio of the cartilagous cells decreases very intensively during the first decades, from the 5th decade it little ranges again. 4. In the same way the numerical density of cells intensively decreases up to the 5th decade, but later on it ranges again. 5. The several volumes of cells show from the age of the newborn up to the 40th year a linear steep rise and afterwards, up to senium, an unequivocal decline. 6. The sizes of the cartilagous cells are not normally distributed, on the contrary, in young slides more than in older ones, one size class very predominates. PMID- 1234391 TI - Effect of environmental factors on the activity of thyroid gland in an air breathing siluroid fish Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch. AB - 1. Studies on cyclic activity of thyroid in relation to environmental factors were made in an air breathing siluroid fish, H. fossilis. 2. The activity of thyroid gland showed parallelism with water temperature and photoperiod but from the regression analysis it was evident that the effect of photoperiod on thyroid activity is more pronounced than the effect of water temperature. 3. The maximum thyroid activity coincides well with the breeding phase of this animal. PMID- 1234392 TI - Absorption of horseradish peroxidase by the small intestinal epithelium in postnatal developing rats. AB - After an intraluminal injection of horseradish peroxidase into the small intestine, the localization of peroxidase was studied in neonatal developing and adult rats by means of electron microscopy. Until around the 14th day of the neonatal period absorbed peroxidase granules in the duodenal and jejunal epithelium were abundant in the microvillous membrane, the apical tubulo-vacuolar system, and the Golgi apparatus, and on the lateral cell and basal membranes, and the luminal surfaces of the capillary cells. At the weaning period the tubulo vacuolar system was absent in the duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells, and at that point absorbed peroxidase was observed in the same sites as in the adult rats: the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell and basal membranes, the Golgi apparatus, and the vesicles and vacuoles of the cytoplasm. During the suckling period, in the ileal epithelial cells exogenous peroxidase was found on the microvilli, in the tubulo-vacuolar system, in the supranuclear vacuole, in the Golgi apparatus, on the lateral cell and basal membranes, and also on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells of blood capillaries. When the tubulo-vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole were lost from the ileal cells at the weaning period, no exogenous peroxidase uptake was observed in the absorptive cell of the ileal epithelium. PMID- 1234393 TI - Mitochondrial origin of centrioles and cilia in some human endocrine neoplasms. AB - Fine structural investigation of surgically removed human pituitary and parathyroid adenomas, pheochromocytomas and bronchial carcinoids revealed a hitherto undetected sequence of events in the formation of centrioles and cilia indicating that mitochondria may serve as their progenitors. The first steps seem to be the disappearance of mitochondrial cristae and a polar accumulation of a fibrillar-granular material with a subsequent increase of electron density of the double mitochondrial membranes and deposition of more electron opaque substance within and around these procentriolar bodies. This process is followed by the disintegration of the double membranes and an asymmetrical division of the electron dense aggregate. The larger part seems to be the precursor of the primary centriole (basal body) whereas the smaller one that of the secondary centriole. Formation of centrioleand rudimentary cilium-like structures was disclosed within the unaltered mitochondrial membranes of oncocytic cells present in two pituitary adenomas and in one pheochromocytoma. Accumulation of procentriolar bodies and mature centrioles, noted in some tumors, may be due to a defect in the process of centriolo- and ciliogenesis. It is conceivable that the mitochondrial genome plays an important role in formation of centrioles and cilia. PMID- 1234394 TI - On the structure of retina of a fresh-water mullet, Rhinomugil corsula (Mugilidae, Pisces). AB - 1. The structure of the eye-ball of Rhimomugil corsula has been described. 2. A mid-horizontal ridge (band) along the vitreal surface of the retina in each eye of R. corsula has been observed which divides the retina into a superior and an inferior hemispheres probably adapted for aquatic (dim-light vision) and aerial (bright-light vision) vision. 3. The superior hemisphere has been provided with poorly developed choroid gland and scarce pigment in the pigment epithelial cells. 4. The visual cell layer in the retina of the superior hemisphere contains both single and twin cones. They are alternately arranged in parallel rows. 5. The external and internal limiting membranes have been observed in both the hemispheres under light microscope. 6. The outer plexiform layer of the superior hemisphere contains many horizontal cells arranged into four distinct rows. 7. The inferior hemisphere has a well developed choroid gland, and dense pigment in the pigment epithelial cells. PMID- 1234395 TI - Histomorphological observations on the liver in some freshwater teleosts. AB - Histomorphology of liver is studied in six species of teleost viz., Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus, Puntius ticto, Danio malabaricus, Nandus nandus, Chana punctatus. The liver is a bilobed structure usually reddish brown in colour. There are accessory liver lobes in H. fossolis and C. batrachus. The histological examination shows compact mass of oval or polygonel hepatocytes, blood sinusoids and reticuloendothelial cells. In addition several patches of pigmented hepatocytes are also noticed. After partial hepatectomy the changes in liver structure are shrunken nature of hepatocytes, enlarged blood vessels and accumulation of lymphocytes near the cut portion. After biliary obstruction with the help of ligation of bile duct hepatocytes become turgid in appearance within seven days. There is fibrosis of blood vessels as well as bile spaces. The turgidity of hepatocytes increases fifteen days after the ligation so much so that some of them show necrotic appearance. There are numerous bile thrombi noticed after biliary obstruction. PMID- 1234396 TI - Relationships between mast cells and preterminal nerve fibers. AB - The observations demonstrate that mast cells do not only show intimate morphological associations to peripheral nerve fibers but also contact basement membranes of capillaries and cell surface coats of organ parenchyma cells. Interpreting these results as a neuro-hormonale feedback system mast cells might be regarded as both receptor organs and regulators of metabolism. PMID- 1234397 TI - [Ontogeny of special endoplasmic reticulum complexes in neurons of the lateral geniculate body in rats]. AB - 1. The ultrastructure of special membranous convolutions (MC) of the endoplasmic reticulum (complex convolutions, KARLSSON 1966), was studied in neurons of the lateral geniculate body in postnatal and adult rats. 2. The MC situated in the perikaryon are often attached to the nuclear membrane. Their average diameter is about 2 mum. Some MC of elongated form are extended over 6 mum. 3. Smaller MC of similar structure occur within basal dendrites, mainly in the environment of large axo-dendritic desmosomoid junctions. 4. The MC consist of smooth double membranes in a laminar or irregular arrangement, and are in connexion with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 5. After incubation with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid the intermembranous material of the MC is stained in the same high intensity as this is the case with synaptic junctions. 6. The MC are developed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum during the 5 th and 6 th postnatal weeks. 7. The ultrastructure of the MC of both, normal and dark raised rats shows no significant differences. PMID- 1234398 TI - [Histophysiology of the peripheral vegetative system. With special reference to mast cells]. AB - Basallaminae of Schwanncell ensheathed axons and "naked" axons respectively have contact areas between the endformation of the peripheral vegetative nervious system and groundsubstance. The latter, however, merges directly in the glycocalyces of connective tissue cells and organ cells. These cells may be related to one another (i.e. microvilli, cell processes, glycocalyces etc.) or will form "neuroeffector areas" together with pre- and terminal peripheral vegetative nerve fibers. On the other hand axon swellings might discharge their neurotransmitter substances into the ground substance in such way the neighbouring cells might be influenced ("synapse on distance"). Mast cells may act as regulators of the relationships in the groundsubstance. This because of the connections of mast cells with the peripheral nervous system and consequently with the CNS and the hormonale system. Thus the vegetative periphery as a whole would form a functional unit. PMID- 1234399 TI - Studies on cartilage formation. XVI. Chemical and histochemical assay of lipids in the regenerating articular cartilage. AB - The articular surface of the distal part of the femur was removed operatively in dogs, and the regenerating articular surface and the GTC were investigated at different stages from the 7th to the 70th postoperative days. During this period cartilage islets arose in the GTAS, while the GTC transformed to connective tissue. At 7 days the lipid content of the tissue was markedly higher than at the other stages studied. Lipids, predominantly triglycerides, were present in extracellular form as well. From the 20th to the 70th day the PL fraction became predominant and, in addition to the pre-existing lecithin, relatively large quantities of lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidyl-serine and phosphatidyl-inositol could be gradually demonstrated. Differences were noted in the time of appearance and binding of PLs between the two types of granulation tissue. As time proceeded, the proportion of saturated fatty acids decreased in favour of unsaturated ones. At 70 days, the GTAS contained fatty acids up to C18. About 50% of the fatty acids consisted of C16:1, C18:2 and C18:1. At the same stage, in the GTC C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 were present in larger amounts. Of the free fatty acids C16:1, C16 and C18 were in predominance in the GTAS and the proportion of fatty acids having more then one double bonds increased with time. In the GTC C16 and C18:1 were in great majority. According to histochemical evidence, the tissues did not contain extracellular lipids from the 20th postoperative day. In the cells, the presence of glycerides, PLs, lipoproteins and cholesterol was demonstrated. In addition, in cartilage precursors of more advanced maturity, a considerable fatty acid positivity was noted. PMID- 1234400 TI - Chloragosomes of lumbricidae as specific electron acceptors. In vitro investigations. AB - Measurements of the redox potential values in buffered salt solutions containing body wall homogenate, body wall homogenate with isolated chloragosomes and in both solutions enriched with NAD have shown that chloragosomes are specific electron acceptors which prevent the rapid decrease of the redox potential under anaerobic conditions. The substances responsible for the electron-acceptor activity are most probably identical with the flavins, carotenes and metalloporphyrins present in chloragosomes as shown by the visible absorption spectra of the extracts. The results support the assumption that chloragosomes may play an important role in the metabolism under hypoxic and anoxic conditions. PMID- 1234401 TI - Functional adaptation of the articular cartilage. AB - The effect of prolonged sparing and prolonged loading of the knee-joint of dogs on the glucosamine, sialic acid, sulphate and hydroxyproline contents of the articular cartilage was investigated. (a) In the articular cartilage of the spared leg the amount of sulphate decreased by 24.7%, while the sialic acid content remained unchanged. Hydroxyproline showed a slight decrease. (b) On increased loading, glucosamine augmented by 53% and sialic acid by 32.5%. No appreciable changes occurred in sulphate and hydroxyproline. It is concluded that an increased loading brings about accumulation of glycoproteins while the amount of sulphated glycosaminoglycans does not change appreciably; the glycoprotein content of the spared articular cartilage remains unchanged, whereas the chondroitin sulphate content decreases considerably. PMID- 1234403 TI - The light-microscope autoradiography of the 3H--5HT uptake by the ganglia of fresh-water mussel (Anodonta cygnea l.). PMID- 1234402 TI - Ecdysterone and an analogue of juvenile hormone on the autophagy in the cells of fat body of mamestra brassicae. AB - The effect of ecdysterone and a juvenile hormone analogue (JHa) on autophagy and heterophagy was investigated in the fat body cells of the last larval instar of Mamestra brassicae. In the course of normal development autophagic vacuoles and protein granules of heterophagic origin begin to accumulate in these cells, on the 4th and 5th day of the last larval stage respectively. When ecdysterone (10 mug/g body weight) was administered to the larvae for 24 h either on the 1st or on the 2nd day of the last larval stage, autophagic and heterophagic vacuoles appeared in the cells as early as on the 2nd or 3rd days. Autophagy was also observed in the cells of one-or two-day-old last larval fat body after a 5 h incubation in a medium containing 10 mug/ml ecdysterone, in vitro. Ligation of the last thoracic segment resulted in inhibition of metamorphic changes in the fat body lobules of the isolated abdomen. Injection of 10 mug ecdysterone into the isolated abdomen resulted in an appearence of autophagic vacuoles in these cells, too. JHa treatment, when started on the 2nd or 3rd day of the last larval stage, inhibited both auto- and heterophagy and the fat bodies maintained their larval character. Treatment started on the 4th or 5th day proved either ineffective or lethal. It is concluded that the auto- and heterophagy taking place in the larval fat body cells are stimulated by ecdysterone and inhibited by JHa. Experiments performed in vitro or on ligated animals in vivo provided evidence for a direct action of ecdysterone at the cellular level. PMID- 1234404 TI - Differences in the RNA-synthesizing activity between the two sides of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus following unilateral orchidectomy. Short communication. PMID- 1234405 TI - The mechanism of thymosin action. Short communication. PMID- 1234406 TI - Ovulation induced by prostaglandin E2 in rats made anovulatory by anterior hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 1234407 TI - Nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In a retrospective analysis of 80 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seen over a 10-year period, 41 (51%) exhibited neurological manifestations. Nervous system involvement was characterized by a significantly greater involvement of black patients (P less than 0-02), a higher incidence of renal failure after the first appearance of neurological features (P less than 0-05), and a significantly worse 10-year survival rate (P less than 0-05). Specific neurological investigations were generally unhelpful in diagnosis. The finding of hypoglycorrhachia in 4 patients was striking and may have pathogenetic significance. The lack of a specific diagnostic test for central nervous system involvement may have hindered recognition of a cerebral abscess in one patient. Treatment with massive doses of corticosteroids was not obviously more effective than treatment with smaller doses. Autopsy findings showed scattered small cerebral infarcts but vasculitis was apparent in only one case. PMID- 1234408 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte response to phytomitogens in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the phytomitogens, PHA, Con A, and PWM, was evaluated in 30 SLE patients and in 30 age, sex, and race-matched controls using dose and time responses. The proliferative response to the three phytomitogens was not depressed in this group of subacute and chronic SLE patients. Active lupus nephritis and a slow acetylator phenotype were associated with a decreased lymphocyte response. The incidence of a slow acetylator phenotype in spontaneous SLE was 68%. In interpreting the lymphocyte response to phytomitogens, the importance of a clear definition of the SLE group under study, the activity of the disease, and treatment status are emphasized. PMID- 1234409 TI - Value of 17beta-oestradiol in prevention of contracture formation. AB - Male and female rabbits were treated with 17beta-oestradiol during the 9-week development of a contracture in the left hind limb. The right hind limb served as the paired control. Untreated (absolute control) animals received saline injections. After 9 weeks biochemical analyses of water, hexosamine, soluble and total collagen, as well as biomechanical measurements of joint stiffness, were performed on the dissected knees. In all cases 17beta-oestradiol reduced the measured stiffness in the contractures by approximately 50% as compared to the contractures of the untreated animals. 17beta-oestradiol, in addition, partially prevented the loss of water and hexosamine which occurs in untreated contractures. 17beta-oestradiol administration also decreased the content of soluble collagen fractions in the periarticular connective tissue of both the control and experimental knees. The relationship of these biochemical findings to their mechanical consequences is discussed, and the results are related to a working hypothesis of stress- and motion-dependent homoeostasis within periarticular connective tissue. PMID- 1234410 TI - Controlled trial of synovectomy of knee and metacarpophalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a multicentre study patients with rheumatoid arthritis judged by prevailing criteria to be suitable for synovectomy of the knee or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints were randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group had the operation, the other was observed without operation from a notional corresponding date. 3 years later the outcome of synovectomy was compared with that of observation without synovectomy. Synovectomy of the knee was followed by significantly less pain and tenderness, smaller effusions, and smaller and less frequent erosions and geodes. By contrast, MCP joints were no better clinically or radiographically than those treated conservatively. The results have been compared with those of two other controlled trials, one concerned with the knee and MCP joints, the other only with MCP joints. In the present trial results were more favourable in the knee but comparable in the MCP joints with those reported in the first of these two trials but less favourable in the MCP joints than those observed in the second. PMID- 1234411 TI - Serum copper and caeruloplasmin in ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, and morphea. AB - Studies of serum copper and caeruloplasmin were performed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, and morphea. Mean levels of both were raised significantly in ankylosing spondylitis, with the greatest increases in the worst cases. In patients with systemic sclerosis there was a significant increase in the mean level of caeruloplasmin, but not of copper, although both were raised in the 2 patients with the most aggressive disease. No alterations were found in patients with morphea. The values in the patients overlapped considerably with the values in the control subjects. It is thought that the increase in serum copper is probably secondary to the increase in caeruloplasmin which occurs as a nonspecific response to inflammation. PMID- 1234412 TI - Personality in frozen shoulder. AB - Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder have had their personality profiles investigated by means of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire. Females showed significantly increased somatic anxiety compared with controls. It is suggested that this may be important both to aetiology and treatment. Males and females should be assessed separately in future studies of frozen shoulder. PMID- 1234413 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes induced by work stress]. PMID- 1234414 TI - [Relationship between lipid levels and various clinical data in a group of male workers of Palermo: preliminary observations]. PMID- 1234415 TI - [Reflex control of the renal secretion of renin]. PMID- 1234416 TI - [Determination of plasma renin activity in the renal veins in essential arterial and nephrovascular hypertension: effect of trimethaphan infusion]. PMID- 1234418 TI - [Changes in left ventricular function in hypertensive subjects treated with beta blocking drugs]. PMID- 1234417 TI - [Renal hemodynamic changes in monolateral nephropathy with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1234419 TI - [Cardiac and vascular function in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension]. PMID- 1234420 TI - [Computerized system for use with extracorporeal oxygenators]. PMID- 1234421 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of oxyfedrine]. PMID- 1234422 TI - [Therapeutic action of glucagon on pathological states of the myocardium, especially on specific conduction tissue disorders]. PMID- 1234423 TI - [Rapid correction of hyponatremic states with PGA 1]. PMID- 1234424 TI - [Blood and myocardial concentration of digoxin in subjects undergoing heart surgery]. PMID- 1234425 TI - [Pre-infarct angina. Retrospective analysis of 376 cases of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234426 TI - [Pathology of the atrioventricular node in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234427 TI - [Electrophysiological study of intraventicular conduction disorders in the post acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234428 TI - [Left ventricular function in convalescent subjects with myocardial infarct: effects of ouabain]. PMID- 1234429 TI - [Comparison of oxygen consumption determined by monograms and by direct measurement]. PMID- 1234430 TI - [Significance of pulmonary vascular resistance calculated by various methods]. PMID- 1234431 TI - [Respiratory oscillations of right intraventicular pressures in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 1234432 TI - [Pulmonary blood volume in mitral valve diseases]. PMID- 1234433 TI - [Angiocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular volume: an analysis of the various formulas used]. PMID- 1234434 TI - [Left ventricular subendocardial perfusion index in aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 1234435 TI - [Negative influences of ascitic effusion on cardiac function in cirrhotics]. PMID- 1234436 TI - [Study of sinus activity after implantation of electrostimulators in sinus node disease]. PMID- 1234437 TI - [Treatment of multivalvular lesions. Indications; results]. PMID- 1234438 TI - [Psychopharmaceuticals and intraventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 1234440 TI - [Clinico-instrumental aspects of dorsal myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234439 TI - [Angina with normal coronary vessels (description of a clinical case)]. PMID- 1234441 TI - [Complications in patients treated with temporary and permanent cardiac electrostimulation]. PMID- 1234442 TI - [Clofibrate and carbohydrate metabolism: behavior of blood insulin in patients with blood lipid disorders]. PMID- 1234443 TI - [Prindolol in the therapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1234444 TI - [A case of hyperlipemia]. PMID- 1234446 TI - [Left ventricular systolic in intervals grade II atrioventricular block with Luciani-Wenckebach periodicity]. PMID- 1234445 TI - [Behavior of the lipid pattern in acute and chronic myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234447 TI - [Clinico-experimental studies of the anti-arrhythmic activity of magnesium cations. Electrophysiological changes induced by prolonged venous infusion]. PMID- 1234448 TI - [Action of magnesium cations on myocardial contractility. Behavior of systolic times in subjects with myocardial insufficiency]. PMID- 1234449 TI - [Left ventricular systolic intervals as indices of the pharmacological effect of intravenous administration of digoxin and their correlation with blood levels of the drug]. PMID- 1234450 TI - [Clinical and evolutive characteristics of non-transmural infarcts of the myocardium]. PMID- 1234451 TI - [Arterial blood gas analysis in myocardial infarct in the acute phase (preliminary note)]. PMID- 1234452 TI - [Recording of the monophasic potential of the right heart in man: its possible use in the interpretation of arrhythmias]. PMID- 1234453 TI - [Nonsurgical study of circadian changes in myocardial contractility. Correlations between urinary excretion of catecholamines and left ventricul systole times]. PMID- 1234454 TI - [1st results of median term treatment with perhexiline maleate in a group of patients with severe coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1234455 TI - [Use of perhexiline maleate in angina pectoris]. PMID- 1234456 TI - [Echocardiographic and polygraphic measurements in some post-infarct ventricular dyssynergias: preliminary studies]. PMID- 1234457 TI - [High-frequency components of the carotid sphygmorgram and its 1st derivative. Their clinical significance]. PMID- 1234458 TI - [The acceleration carotid sphygmogram in non-obstructive hypokinetic myocardiopathies]. PMID- 1234459 TI - [The vectorcardiogram in myocardiopathies secondary to hereditary neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 1234460 TI - [The P wave of the electrocardiogram and respiratory function in chronic obstructive pneumopathy]. PMID- 1234461 TI - [Electrophysiological effects of anti-arrhythmic calcium-antagonistic drugs in patients with conduction disorders: preliminary observations on verapamil]. PMID- 1234462 TI - [Verapamil in the treatment of hypertensive attacks]. PMID- 1234463 TI - [Blood lipid and coagulation aspects of patients surviving myocardial infarct for more than 13 years]. PMID- 1234464 TI - [Intraventricular conduction disorders in the acute phase of myocardial infarct. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study]. PMID- 1234465 TI - [Correlated analysis of blood iron; acid base equilibrium, blood gas measurements and other blood chemical changes in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234466 TI - [Incidence of pericarditis complicating the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234467 TI - [Metabolic effects and myocardial activity of heparin. Experimental research]. PMID- 1234468 TI - [Effect of the heart rate on left ventricular diastole time in normal adult subjects]. PMID- 1234469 TI - [Phonocardiographic and polygraphic findings in patients with the Bjork-Shiley type of valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1234470 TI - [Changes and control of threshold during the 1st year of cardiac stimulation. Observations on 30 cases]. PMID- 1234471 TI - [Digitalis therapy in hemodialysis patients. Preliminary note on results obtained with spaced administration of beta-methyl-digoxin]. PMID- 1234472 TI - [Personal experience with cardiac valve substitution with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis]. PMID- 1234473 TI - [Triple mitro-aorto-tricuspid valve substitution with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. Results after 4 years]. PMID- 1234474 TI - [Study of the blood lipid pattern in a group of coronary disease patients]. PMID- 1234475 TI - [Contribution of atrial contraction to cardiocirculatory dynamics. Study with a bloodless method in patients with pacemakers]. PMID- 1234476 TI - [Morphology of the echoes of the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis in aortic and mitral sites]. PMID- 1234478 TI - [Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (slow ventricular tachycardia) in patients with acute myocardial infarct and in patients with digitalis intoxication. Clinical and electrocardiographic study]. PMID- 1234477 TI - [Use of echocardiography in the study of the Bjork-Shiley disk valve prosthesis]. PMID- 1234479 TI - [Influence of digitalis on the behavior of systolic time intervals induced by dynamic muscular exercise in coronary disease patients. Note IV]. PMID- 1234481 TI - [Influence of digitalis on the behavior of systolic time intervals induced with isometric exercise in coronary disease patients. Note VIII]. PMID- 1234480 TI - [Studies of the chronopharmacology of beta-methyldigoxin]. PMID- 1234482 TI - [Clinical, polygraphic and echocardiographic evaluation of the action of perhexeline maleate in angina patients]. PMID- 1234483 TI - [Blood lipid disorders in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 1234484 TI - A single dose study of trazodone with an assessment of its effect on mood and arousal. AB - 1 A pharmacokinetic study of a single oral dose of a new antidepressant (trazodone) is described, linked to an attempt to measure changes in mood and arousal induced by the drug in normal subjects. 2 The drug had a measurable effect on arousal, but not on mood. It caused bradycardia (compared with placebo) and this persisted through the following night's sleep. This effect has not been completely explained. 3 The technique of mood and arousal measurement employed in this study seems potentially useful. PMID- 1234485 TI - Effect of long-term phenothiazine treatment on drug metabolism. AB - 1 The half-life of plasma antipyrine was measured in twelve chronic schizophrenic patients during long-term phenothiazine treatment and again following 4-5 weeks on placebo. 2 The mean antipyrine half-life was low during phenothiazine administration (6.1 +/- 4.2 h), rising after withdrawal of drugs to the range reported for untreated subjects by other authors (9.5 +/- 4.2 h). The prolongation of antipyrine half-life following the drug-free period occurred in nine of twelve subjects and the difference was significant for the group at P less than 0.05. 3 The finding suggests that prolonged administration of phenothiazines stimulates the rate of drug metabolism. PMID- 1234486 TI - Plasma levels and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with acebutolol, practolol and propranolol in man. AB - 1 The degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia has been determined in three healthy volunteers after the administration of single oral doses of acebutolol, practolol or propranolol. 2 Plasma levels of these drugs were determined either colorimetrically (acebutolol and practolol) or fluorimetrically (propranolol). The colorimetric assay of acebutolol in plasma is fully described but the other drugs were assayed by published methods. 3 The degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade and the plasma level for acebutolol and practolol were well correlated, whereas in the case of propranolol correlation was poor, due in part to the presence in plasma of active metabolites not detected by the fluorimetric assay. The plasma levels of practolol and propranolol are in agreement with those previously reported. 4 The maximum cardiac beta-adrenoceptor blockade achieved in this study with the respective single oral doses of acebutolol (300 mg), practolol (400 mg) or propranolol (40 mg) were similar in each of the three subjects. Therefore the beta-adrenoceptor blocking potencies of these drugs against isoprenaline-induced tachycardia are inversely related to these doses; indicating that propranolol is 7-8 times more potent than acebutolol and the latter slightly more potent than practolol. PMID- 1234487 TI - Which drugs should we be testing for bioavailability. PMID- 1234488 TI - The effect of codeine phosphate on the absorption of ethyl alcohol. AB - The effect of syrup, B.P. and codeine phosphate syrup, B.P.C. on blood alcohol levels was determined in six normal subjects. 2 Treatment with syrup alone had little or no influence on the concentration of ethanol in blood. 3 In contrast, pretreatment with codeine phosphate syrup significantly reduced alcohol absorption, as assessed by the maximum blood levels achieved or the area subtended by the blood concentration-time curve. It is suggested that the diminished absorption of ethanol is related to the pharmacological action of codeine on the stomach. 4 It was considered that the concentration of ethanol in linctuses or syrups containing codeine was unlikely to have any significant effect on the central nervous system. PMID- 1234489 TI - Changes in drug metabolism with increasing age: 1. warfarin binding and plasma proteins. AB - 1 A decrease was found in the binding capacity of elderly people for warfarin. 2 The decrease in binding correlated with a fall in plasma albumin concentrations. 3 No changes in the association constant were observed. PMID- 1234490 TI - Changes in drug metabolism with increasing age: 2. phenytoin clearance and protein binding. AB - 1 Comparison of phenytoin clearance showed a marked increase in people over 65 years of age compared with people under 45 years of age. 2 This difference was apparent if phenytoin was given orally or intravenously. 3 Phenytoin clearance correlated inversely with phenytoin binding and plasma albumin, both of which were found to be reduced in the elderly. PMID- 1234491 TI - A comparison of the efficacy of cyclizine and perhenazine in reducing the emetic effects of morphine and pethidine. AB - 1 The ability of cyclizine (50 mg) and perphenazine (2.5 and 5.0 mg) to counteract the emetic effects of pethidine (100 mg) and morphine (10 and 15 mg) was compared in women undergoing a standard minor operation with a standard anaesthetic. 2 Perphenazine (5.0 mg) was as effective an anti-emetic as cyclizine (50 mg) and both were more effective than perphenazine (2.5 mg). 3 The reduction in vomiting and nausea by cyclizine (50 mg) and perphenazine (5 mg) was approximately the same following pethidine (100 mg) and morphine (10 mg) but much less against the larger dose of morphine. 4 Both anti-emetics had a rapid onset of action but their anti-emetic activity did not last as long as the emetic effect of morphine. 5 Perphenazine (5 mg) was accompanied by an unacceptably high incidence of restlessness. 6 In clinical practice cyclizine (50 mg) is preferred to perphenazine (5 mg) as an anti-emetic. PMID- 1234492 TI - Lack of effect of bumetanide on body potassium content in hypertension. AB - 1 Twelve patients with mild hypertension were treated with bumetanide for a six month period. No evidence was found of hypokalaemia or decreased total exchangeable potassium in subjects with or without additional potassium supplements. 2 Bumetanide was well tolerated by all patients. It caused hyperuricaemia but no episodes of gout occurred. Minor abnormalities of liver function were noted. 3 Bumetanide did not have a sustained antihypertensive action. PMID- 1234493 TI - What are tricyclic antidepressant drugs. PMID- 1234494 TI - Inhibition of iron absorption by tetracycline. PMID- 1234495 TI - Pharmacokinetics of flucloxacillin and cloxacillin in healthy subjects and patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis. AB - 1 A pharmacokinetic study on flucloxacillin and cloxacillin was performed to investigate the factors contributing to the higher serum concentrations reported for the former after oral administration. 2 The results obtained in a study performed in a group of volunteers with flucloxacillin administered orally and by continuous infusion, were compared with the results of a similar investigation with cloxacillin. Patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis received flucloxacillin orally and as a single i.v. injection. The results of this part of the study were compared with those of an earlier study on cloxacillin in haemodialysis patients. Serum and urine concentrations of flucloxacillin and cloxacillin were determined by bio-assay, and a one-compartment model was used for the calculations. 3 Higher serum concentrations reached after oral administration of flucloxacillin as compared with cloxacillin were based not only on better oral absorption (53.7% and 32.9%, respectively) but also on slower (renal and extra-renal) elimination (T1/2 : 46 and 32 min, respectively). A significant difference between the apparent volumes of distribution of flucloxacillin and cloxacillin, which could contribute to higher serum concentrations, could not be demonstrated. Considerable individual variation occurs in the rate and amount of oral absorption, especially in patients. The elimination rate of flucloxacillin in haemodialysis patients (T1/2 : 2h 53 min) corresponds with the extra-renal elimination rate in healthy subjects. No influence of haemodialysis on the elimination rate constant of flucloxacillin was found; total plasma clearance was, however, slightly but significantly higher during dialysis. PMID- 1234496 TI - Studies of the action of some anti-inflammatory drugs on complement mediated immune haemolysis. AB - 1 The effects of various anti-inflammatory and non-anti-inflammatory drugs on complement mediated haemolysis have been studied. Drugs which were significantly protein bound were found to inhibit this form of immune lysis, but only at greater concentrations than achieved therapeutically. 2 Removal of the drugs by prolonged dialysis resulted in restoration of complement activity with the exceptions of phenylbutazone and warfarin sodium. 3 Reconstitution experiments indicated that C2 and some of the later components especially C7 were affected by the drugs. 4 Intra-articular injections of prednisolone (100 mg) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, failed to produce significant changes in the synovial fluid complement system. 5 None of the drugs affected the binding of antibody to antigen, or the ability of sensitized sheep cells to fix complement. PMID- 1234497 TI - An investigation into the cardiac and pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of ICI 66,082 in man. AB - 1 Oral ICI 66,082 (200 mg) or water (control treatment) were each administered to six healthy volunteers. 2 The heart rate (HR) and peak flow rate (PFR) were measured at rest and during vigorous exercise before and at intervals up to 24 h after each treatment. 3 ICI 66,082 produced significant reductions in exercise HR at all times compared with the changes after the control treatment (P less than 0.001), whereas with resting HR, corresponding significant reductions only occurred at 2,3 and 4 h (P less than 0.05). 4 Although there was no change in resting PFR, significant reductions in exercise PFR, compared with the changes after the control treatment, occurred at all times excepting at 2 h after ICI 66,082 (P less than 0.025). 5 The findings are consistent with ICI 66,082 possessing partial cardioselectivity. 6 Plasma levels and renal excretion of the drug were determined. Urinary recovery was variable which, together with the plasma concentration/effect relationships obtained, raise the possibility that ICI 66,082 is metabolized in man. PMID- 1234499 TI - Levodopa and positive direct antiglobulin tests. PMID- 1234498 TI - The acute effects of oral (--)-tryptophan in human subjects. AB - 1 The psychotropic effects of a single oral dose of (--)-tryptophan (5 g) in human volunteers were investigated using a series of physiological and psychological tests. 2 Self-ratings of mood showed increase in drowsiness but no euphoria was detected. 3 Severe initial nausea occurred and headache increased; other bodily symptoms were unaffected. 4 Trptophan caused increased activity in the slow wavebands of the EEG but did not alter the other physiological measures. 5 The levels of total and free tryptophan in the plasma increased 8 and 20 fold respectively to peak levels 2 h after ingestion. PMID- 1234500 TI - Interaction of phenytoin with chlorpheniramine. PMID- 1234501 TI - Non-invasive methods of evaluating the cardiac effect of drugs. PMID- 1234502 TI - Blood level studies with viloxazine hydrochloride in man. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetic characteristics of a new antidepressant, viloxazine hydrochloride, (ICI 58,834, Vivalan), have been investigated in four separate studies. 2 In Study 1, blood levels were measured over a period of 24 h after single doses of viloxazine hydrochloride from 10-100 mg (expressed as base). In Study 2, blood levels were measured over 24 h, during which three single doses of viloxazine hydrochloride (80 mg, expressed as base) were given 4 h apart. In Study 3, blood samples and urine and faeces were collected for 96 h after doses of 40 and 100 mg of [14C] viloxazine hydrochloride (40 muCi). In Study 4, 1 h blood levels were measured at weekly intervals during a comparative clinical trial in which viloxazine was given at a dose of 100 mg four times a day. 3 The half-life of the drug is in the range 2-5 h with maximum blood levels occurring in 1-4 h of the oral dose. Maximum blood levels are proportional to the oral dose given over the range studied (0.76(mug/ml)/(mg/kg)). The drug is very well absorbed orally, only 2% being found in faeces. Repeated dosing at 4 hourly intervals leads to slightly higher blood levels after the second, but not subsequent, doses. No accumulation was seen from week to week in depressed patients. No regular sex difference was seen in the pharmacokinetic characteristics of viloxazine hydrochloride but two females in one study did show a markedly higher maximum blood level and apparently longer half-life than the males. 4 It is concluded that viloxazine is rapidly and almost totally absorbed after an oral dose, and has a shorter half-life than the tricyclic antidepressants; therapy with it should be easily controllable. PMID- 1234503 TI - Immediate effects on human performance of a 1,5-genzodiazepine (clobazam) compared with the 1,4-benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and diazepam. AB - 1 The immediate effects on human performance of the 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam (20 mg), and the 1,4-benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (20 mg) and diazepam (10 mg), were studied by adaptive tracking and measurement of reaction time. Each drug was ingested at 09.00 h and performance was measured at 09 h 30 min (0.5 h), 11 h 30 min (2.5 h), 14 h 30 min (5.5 h) and 18 h 30 min (9.5 h after ingestion). 2 With diazepam decrements in performance on adaptive tracking were observed at 0.5 h and 2.5 h and performance was enhanced at 9.5 h after ingestion. With clobazam performance at individual times did not differ significantly from control, but there was evidence of an improvement in performance during the day. There was no evidence of impaired performance on adaptive tracking after chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. 3 Reaction time was slowed at 0.5 h and 2.5 h after diazepam and chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. A decrease in reaction time was observed at 9.5 h after diazepam. No changes in reaction time were observed after clobazam. 4 The subjects as a group differentiated correctly between performance decrements on adaptive tracking after diazepam and the absence of performance decrements after clobazam and chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. The persistence of the decrement in performance after diazepam was accurately assessed. 5 It is evident that the nature and persistence of impaired performance and the ability to appreciate impaired performance vary considerably between the benzodiazepines, and that the choice of a benzodiazepine should include careful consideration of performance sequelae. PMID- 1234504 TI - A general equation for the ratio of the areas below the blood or plasma concentration time-curves following intravenous and oral drug administration and its application to inter-subject variations in drug elimination. AB - 1 When a drug is metabolized in the liver the total area under the plasma or blood concentration-time curve following oral drug administration is less than the area obtained after intravenous drug administration. This difference has been termed the 'first-pass effect'. 2 General equations for the areas below the blood or plasma concentration-time curve of a drug following intravenous and oral drug administration are derived. 3 An explicit expression for the ratio of areas below the blood or plasma concentration-time curves following intravenous and oral drug administration is derived. 4 By the application of the derived equations it is shown that the relative contribution of hepatic drug metabolism and urinary excretion to inter-subject variation in drug elimination can be easily ascertained. PMID- 1234505 TI - Effect of age, height, weight and sex on serum phenytoin concentration in epileptic patients. AB - 1 Steady-state serum phenytoin concentrations were measured in adult epileptic patients receiving a maintenance dose of phenytoin (300 mg daily). 2 Serum phenytoin concentration showed a positive correlation with age. 3 Serum phenytoin concentration showed a negative correlation with body weight and with height. Multiple correlation analysis indicated that body weight influenced the concentration to a much greater degree than height. 4 When corrected for body weight and height, the serum phenytoin concentrations in women were lower than those in men, although the difference was not statistically significant. 5 Although each of these factors contributes to the interindividual variation in serum phenytoin concentrations, the contribution of each is small. Other factors, such as genetic differences and the effect of saturation kinetics, are much more important in determining steady-state concentrations. Adjusting the dose according to the age, weight and height of a patient would achieve only a marginal improvement in therapy. PMID- 1234506 TI - Effect of phenobarbitone on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and urinary D glucaric acid excretion in man. AB - 1 The activities of some hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes representative of the four major pathways for the biotransformation of drugs were estimated in diagnostic wedge biopsy specimens obtained from 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Twelve patients (nine males and three females) were not on prolonged pre operative treatment with any known inducing drugs. In this group, hexobarbitone oxidase activity, cytochrome P450 and microsomal protein contents were in the same range as those reported by other workers. 2 Ten patients (five males and five females) were pre-operatively treated with phenobarbitone (90 mg daily) for at least seven days. This resulted in a significant increase of hexobarbitone oxidase activity, cytochrome P450 and microsomal protein contents when the phenobarbitone untreated and treated groups were compared as a whole and provides direct evidence of induction of hepatic mixed function oxidase system. In respect of p-nitroreductase, 1-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide splitting enzyme and UDP glucuronyl transferase, there was no difference between the treated and untreated groups. 3 When untreated and treated patients were compared, the induction of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system, was associated with a significant increase in urinary D-glucaric acid excretion. In treated patients, however, there was no correlation between any of the indices studied and post-phenobarbitone D-glucaric acid content or the rise in D-glucaric acid excretion. However, the correlation between cytochrome P450 content and post-phenobarbitone D-glucaric acid or the rise in D-glucaric acid excretion was only just below statistical significance (r = 0.696 and 0.690 respectively, 0.10 greater than P greater than 0.05) whereas in the untreated group there was no correlation (r = 0.231, P greater than 0.60). 4 In two patients, whose phenobarbitone was discontinued for at least six days prior to surgery, all indices studied had returned to untreated values, except for microsomal protein content which remained significantly elevated. PMID- 1234507 TI - The effect of intramuscular salbutamol in asthmatics. AB - 1 In a double-blind placebo controlled dose-response experiment in six asthmatic patients with reversible airways obstruction the effect of i.m. salbutamol (4 mug/kg, 8 mug/kg or 12 mug/kg) was assessed by improvement in spirometry and change in pulse rate. 2 Salbutamol (8 mug/kg) resulted in a mean increase in FEV1 of 1 litre and a mean increase in pulse rate of 7 beats/minute. 3 It was concluded that salbutamol (8 mug/kg) was the optimal dose. PMID- 1234509 TI - An implantable transmitter for monitoring heart rate and respiratory frequency in diving ducks. AB - An implantable telemetry transmitter is described for monitoring respiratory frequency and heart rate in animal physiological studies. The ECG is transmitted directly while the respiratory signal, derived from the temperature variation of the air in the respiratory tract, modulates the frequency of a subcarrier oscillator. A magnetic switch allows the implanted device to be switched on and off remotely. Details are given of the high packing density achieved by a modified cordwood method of construction. This system is being used to investigate the changes in heart rate and respiratory frequency associated with spontaneous diving in ducks, and typical results are presented. PMID- 1234510 TI - Biotelemetric investigation of the regulation of the cardiac frequency in animals with use of telestimulation. Model examinations in the neat. AB - A method for the assessment of behaviour of the cardiac frequency regulation in freely moving animals by means of telestimulation and biotelemetry is described. The results of the examinations allow, in spite of individual variability, a classification of the animals into different types of regulation by consideration of the biorhythm. The assessment of the individual type of regulation in correlation to the biorhythmic structure of the organism is of basic significance for the evaluation of its capacity of performance and adapation. PMID- 1234508 TI - Bioassay of aldosterone antagonists in normal human subjects: a relationship between the level of plasma uric acid before treatment and apparent drug responses. AB - The activity of single doses of SC-23992, a new aldosterone antagonist, and spironolactone in reversing the effects of fludrocortisone on urinary electrolyte composition in normal subjects was compared with that of placebo in a double blind crossover study. 2 SC-23992 (50 mg) and spironolactone (125 mg) each significantly increased sodium excretion and the sodium : potassium (Na/K) ratio, and decreased potassium excretion, when compared with placebo. The response to the two active drugs did not differ significantly. 3 The urine Na/K ratio, and log10 Na/K, in response to spironolactone correlated negatively with the level of plasma uric acid measured 12 h before treatment. Similar trends were present after SC-23992 and placebo treatments. 4 It is suggested that the correlations between plasma uric acid and apparent drug response reflect a correlation between plasma uric acid and the aldosterone secretion rate in normal subjects. The sensitivity of this method of bioassay may be improved by suppressing endogenous aldosterone prior to medication. PMID- 1234511 TI - Calibration and measurement in 3-dimensional monitoring of human motion by optoelectronic means. I. Preliminaries and theoretical aspects. AB - By combinding the obervations from a number of independent direction sensors, the spatial positions of one or more targets may be reconstructed. The theory of calibration and measurement in a computerized, interactive environment is discussed in the terminology of analytical photogrammetry, for applications in the field of biomechanics. The discussion is focussed upon optoelectronic system for movement monitoring in real-time rather than upon photography as is the conventional photogrammetric implementation. PMID- 1234512 TI - Criteria of quality and methods of measurement in multichannel biotelemetry. AB - In contrast with one-channel biotelemetry, multichannel biotelemetry systems permit the analysis of biological systems by means of cybernetics. Some simple examples are given. The basic concept of a multichannel system is described. The criteria of quality of which the nonevident ones are defined by detailing the test circuits are the following (input criteria): number of channels, bandwidth, voltage range, impedance, maximum voltage outside the signal band, stability of the power supply for transducers, factor of safety against multipath propagation, distance between transmitter and receiver, shock, vibration and temperature range, weight, volume and operating time. Output criteria: signal-to-noise ratio, linearity, crosstalk transfer function, different time lags. PMID- 1234513 TI - Multichannel biotelemetry. AB - A summary of considerations for design and application of multichannel biotelemetry systems is given. The advantages but also the problems of wired, wireless, combined and storage telemetry are discussed in connection with its application. Modulation and multiplexing techniques are described extensively; however, this review focuses not only on the transmission of biological data but also on the important aspects of connection of the transmission equipment to the biological subject and display of the biological information. The topic of multichannel biotelemetry is rounded off by a few additional subjects such as telecontrol, information source and classification. PMID- 1234514 TI - Telemetered epidural pressure. AB - An implantable transducer capable of telemetering epidural brain pressure during long periods of time is described. The transducer is constructed from conventionally available materials, and routine workshop techniques are used. The coplanarity principle has been applied while the described mounting clamp allows discrete positioning of the transducer relative to the brain. Basically, the transducer consists of a coil-capacitor circuit in which alterations of epidural pressure induce changes in capacity and, thus, the transducer's resonance frequency. An external electromagnetically coupled impedance-measuring device converts the resonance frequency to a pressure analogous voltage. In vitro tests showed that the transducer had good accuracy and reliability for a period of more than 1 month. An in vivo experiment with a cat showed that the measured epidural pressure was linearly related to ventricular fluid pressure. PMID- 1234515 TI - Telemetered renal responses in dogs during detection of explosives. AB - The primary objectove of this work was to develop and test a method of measuring and characterizing renal hemodynamic responses in unrestrained dogs. Recordings of left kidney blood flow and abdominal aortic pressure were obtained from unrestrained dogs through the use of a two-channel implanted telemetry system during episodes of search and detection of simulated explosives. In each of a number of sequences, the dog was first given a start signal, and after locating the hidden device, was rewarded with food. Data were assessed at the start, find, and recovery segments. The dynamic flow and pressure, together with a hydraulic renal model, were used to derive the total preglomerular and postglomerular vascular resistances and the mean level of glomerular hydrostatic pressure. Data from three dogs obtained by telemetry and analyzed through the use of the model have shown that compared to the start of the test, the location of hidden explosives results in a decrease in both the level of mean aortic blood pressure and the preglomerular resistance; whereas, the reward results in an elevation of mean blood pressure and preglomerular resistance. The postglomerular resistance varied less than the preglomerular resistance, and mean flow did not vary significantly. This work has shown that the stimulation of a reward and the successful performance of a task lead to significant renal responses in dogs. It has further shown that telemetry, when employed with improved data analysis techniques, permits renal hemodynamics to be assessed in unrestrained animal subjects. PMID- 1234516 TI - Pulse code modulation telemetry in ski injury research. II. Preliminary results. AB - The excitation between the boot and the ski was measured in maneuvers skied over a variety of snow conditions. A precision pulse-code modulation (PCM) - frequency modulation (FM) telemetry system was custom built to transmit data from strain gage force transducers mounted inside the test ski to a receiving station about 3 km distant. Field tests gathered cruising data from three basic maneuvers - snowplow, stem christiana, and parallel christiana. Some classic falls resulting from inadvertent release of the ski bindings were also recorded. For comparative purposes, the maneuvers were skied over a standard five-turn slalom course. Examination of the loading histories reveals that: (1) the data are nonstationary random; (2) boot compression for the test binding system exceeds 500 N and is caused by ski flexure; (3) an 80 Hz resonance of the particular toe binding mechanism is excited; (4) combined impulsive loading is significant; (5) the loading is related to the maneuver type; (6) bending components during forward falls exceed the tibia flexural strength even though heel binding release occurs at the laboratory setting, and (7) torsion and bending components exceed tibia fracture levels during elementary ski maneuvers. PMID- 1234517 TI - Microwave radiometry and its potential applications in biology and medicine: experimental studies. AB - This paper presents experimental data on : (1) the natural emission of microwave radiation by biological systems, and (2) the effect of drugs as well as microwave radiation on specimen microwave emission. Experiments were conducted on guinea pigs, mice, rabbits, and human subjects. The results were obtained with two different radiometers, one of the correlation type and one of the Dicke type, operating in the X-band at about 9 GHz with a sensitivity of approximately 0.1 degrees K. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique and suggestions are made for its use in bilogy, medicine, and in the field of biocommunications. PMID- 1234518 TI - The tort liability of the psychiatrist. AB - It is indisputable that claims against psychiatrists are now reaching a new level of significance. Verdicts are being returned against more defendants, in a widening circle of liability, and for amounts which are ever increasing. The following caveats should be observed by all psychiatrists: 1. Diagnosis The psychiatrist must act with that degree of skill and care common to others in his specialty when diagnosing a patient. The diagnosis should be periodically reviewed. 2. Shock therapies a. The psychiatrist must obtain informed consent before proceeding. If the patient is incapable of consent for any reason, efforts should be made to communicate with a close relative or guardian. b. Proper premedication must be administered. c. Equipment and personnel to handle cardiorespiratory emergencies must be immediately available. d. Diligent care and observation must be supplied for a reasonable period of time after the treatment. 3. Drug therapy a. The psychiatrist must obtain informed consent (see 2-a above). b. Close attention should be paid to the manufacturer's package insert. c. Extreme caution must be observed in prescribing dangerous drugs for a potentially suicidal patient. 4. Suicides Reasonable skill and diligence must be applied a. to determine the likelihood of a patient's committing suicide, and b. to protect the patient once suicidal tendencies have been diagnosed. 5. Injuries to third parties The same considerations apply as were noted in "Suicides." 6. Confidentiality: duty to warn a. Before making any disclosures as to the mental state of his patient, a psychiatrist should be certain that he is protected by privilege (e.g., judicial immunity) or by the prior consent of the patient. b. However, Tarasoff (supra, p. 210 ff.) may impose on the psychiatrist an affirmative duty to warn a party whose life or safety has been threatened in a disclosure to the psychiatrist. Competing interests must be carefully balanced. 7. Commitment The psychiatrist must exercise due care and diligence in examining patients for commitment proceedings, taking care to see that there is probable cause. 8. Psychotherapy a. In addition to ordinary care and skill, the psychiatrist owes his patient the duty of maintaining the trust established in the therapist-patient relationship. b. The psychiatrist bears the burden of establishing the justification of any innovative therapy, particularly should he become sexually or socially involved with the patient. While adherence to the above admonitions will not guarantee verdicts for defendant psychiatrists, it will hopefully reduce the professional, financial, and emotional costs of litigation. PMID- 1234520 TI - The right of the defendant to refuse an insanity plea. PMID- 1234521 TI - The influence on judges' sentencing practices of a mental evaluation. AB - Minimum and Maximum sentences were compared for a sample of 347 prison commitments and for 130 of 347 mental evaluation referrals who finally received prison sentences. It was found that referral for evaluation influenced the probability of remaining in the system until sentencing, but for those sentenced, did not influence the sentence imposed. However, the findings of the evaluation did show a tendency to affect the sentence. Individuals who were found incompetent were less likely to remain in the criminal justice system until sentencing. Those individuals who were initially found incompetent and then became competent and were sentenced, and those individuals who, though found competent, were diagnosed schizophrenic, tended to receive shorter sentences. These findings held even when comparisons were controlled for presence of prior convictions. The implication is that the referral for and findings of the mental evaluation, though not officially a part of trial testimony as to intent or responsibility, do in fact influence the probability of a sentence and, if sentenced, the sentence imposed. PMID- 1234519 TI - Aphasia and the expert medical witness. AB - Psychiatrists have recently been criticized from within and outside the profession for rendering professional opinion in instances where their qualifications are inadequate. In forensic psychiatry, the problem of predicting dangerousness is a notable example. The forensic psychiatrist may also be called to testify as to the present or future competency of the aphasic patient. It therefore behooves the medical expert to be fully aware of the new developments within the field of aphasiology so that in cases involving aphasia the best combined expert testimony can be rendered the court. PMID- 1234522 TI - Cross-cultural forensic psychiatry in Alaska. PMID- 1234523 TI - Causative factors in violence. PMID- 1234524 TI - The devil's advocate. PMID- 1234525 TI - A simple infra-red optometer for accommodation studies. AB - The design of a continuously-recording optometer of minimal mechanical and electronic complexity is described. It operates on the Scheiner principle and has good time response for dynamic measurements. Theoretical and experimental studies show that linearity over an adequate range can be achieved by a suitable choice of system parameters; the response depends partly on Scheiner and partly on defocus effects. PMID- 1234527 TI - Constructing your own PIC test. PMID- 1234526 TI - The effect of hypertonic saline on human corneal hydration. AB - Hydrophilic gel contact lenses, presoaked in various strength saline solutions, were held in intimate contact with the in vivo human cornea. A change in corneal water content was observed taking place against the induced osmotic gradient. Direct stimulation of some aspect of the mechanisms controlling corneal hydration is postulated, in a manner which may be similar to that previously reported for the in vitro rabbit cornea. PMID- 1234529 TI - Inadequate convergence. PMID- 1234528 TI - The development of a portable space eikonometer. PMID- 1234530 TI - White and West Indian infants in London: development from birth to 44 weeks of age. AB - Fifty white and 50 West Indian babies were examined on four occasions between birth and the age of 10 months. The West Indian babies were significantly advanced over the white babies when newborn, but by 6 weeks of age were losing their advantage; there were no significant differences at 6 months and 10 months of age. The ethnic origin, growth pattern, feeding customs and relevant socioeconomic factors were considered and the implications discussed. PMID- 1234531 TI - Activity in water based on the Halliwick method. PMID- 1234532 TI - Physical signs in association with depressive illness in childhood. AB - Although behavioural disturbances associated with depression in childhood are often discussed, descriptions of somatic phenomena are less commonly reported. This paper compares the frequency of neurological signs observed in a group of depressed children with a control group. The possibility that minimal brain dysfunction might play a part in the production of signs is considered. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the incidence of physical signs found in the control group and in the depressed children. PMID- 1234533 TI - The hospital play therapist. PMID- 1234534 TI - Influence of the youth tutor upon teachers' perception of some maladjusted behaviour. PMID- 1234535 TI - Review: children and alcohol. PMID- 1234536 TI - [Morphological changes in the myocardium in temporary disorders of coronary circulation]. PMID- 1234537 TI - [Formation and destruction of endothelial integument in vascular prostheses and transplants according to data of fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy]. PMID- 1234538 TI - [Experimental plastic surgery of peripheral veins]. PMID- 1234539 TI - [Mathematical model of dependence of the results of contour plastic surgery on the postoperative condition of the patient and the methods of treatment]. PMID- 1234540 TI - [Use of a new diagnostic and antiarrhythmic agent, mercurascan, in experimental myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1234541 TI - [Experimental plastic surgery of penetrating defects of the esophagus with the use of synthetic permeable prosthesis combined with autologous tissues]. PMID- 1234542 TI - [Surgical wound healing in experimental osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 1234543 TI - [A clinic for pain treatment]. PMID- 1234544 TI - [Indicators of nonspecific immunity during surgery and anesthesia]. PMID- 1234545 TI - [Effect of sex hormones on the duration of anesthesia]. PMID- 1234546 TI - [Experimental model of traumatic shock with acute blood loss]. PMID- 1234547 TI - [Ultra-weak fluorescence of blood serum in diagnosis of severity of metabolic disorders in shock]. PMID- 1234548 TI - The negative inotropic action of propanidid. influence on calcium movements in atrial tissue. AB - Propanidid (Epontol), a general anaesthetic agent with a particularly short action in vivo significantly depressed the contraction amplitude of guinea pig isolated atria. A steep concentration-response curve could be established. Contractile force of electrically driven atria (180/min) was reduced by approximately 50% at a propanidid concentration of 3.5 x 10-4 M in the medium. The negative inotropic effect developed rapidly (less than 10 min). At concentrations of 4.5 x 10-4 M and less propanidid hardly reduced the frequency of spontaneously beating atria. The uptake of extracellular 45 Ca by spontaneously beating atria occurred significantly more slowly in presence of propanidid (4.5 x 10-4 M ), whereas the exchangeable calcium fraction remained unchanged. Accordingly, propanidid reduced the rate of exchange of calcium so that less ionized calcium was available for excitation-contraction coupling. Propanidid (4.5 x 10-4 M) accelerated the uptake of 45Ca by isolated plasma membranes, obtained from guinea pig ventricular muscle. Moreover, the binding capacity for calcium by isolated membranes was increased in presence of propanidid. These observations imply that less ionized calcium is available for activation of the contractile system. It is concluded that the negative inotropic action of propanidid is probably due to the drug's influence on membrane function, thus bringing about an important change in cellular calcium metabolism. PMID- 1234549 TI - Effect of bombesin on pancreatic secretion and gall bladder motility of the chicken. AB - Bombesin strongly stimulated the chicken pancreatic secretion. When given by i.v. infusion, the threshold dose was of the order of 7.5-45.0 ng/kg/min and maximum enzyme output was obtained at a rate of 60 ng/kg/min. In addition to total enzyme output, enzyme concentration was also increased. Caerulein displayed a more potent stimulant effect, but composition of juice produced by the two polypeptides was similar. Tachyphylaxis occurred only with bombesin. Neither atropine nor gastric acidification affected the response to bombesin. Bombesin was totally ineffective in promoting gall bladder emptying. It is suggested that in the chicken, bombesin acts on the exocrine pancreas indirectly through release of an endogenous pancreozymin possibly devoid of cholecystokinetic activity. PMID- 1234550 TI - Reserpine-induced catecholamine depletion from small cells in rat sympathetic ganglia. AB - Two reserpine dosage schedules were applied to Wistar rats (a) 5 mg/kg i.p. 6 hr before sacrifice and (b) 5 mg/kg i.p. at 36, 24 and 12 hr prior to sacrifice. Control animals were correspondingly sham-injected. The coeliac-mesenteric ganglion complex was removed and processed either for the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemical technique or fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by 3.5% potassium dichromate for a chromaffin-type reaction. After a single reserpine injection there was a statistically significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in the percentage of 'chromaffin-positive' cells and a statistically significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the percentage of 'chromaffin-negative' cells compared with controls. No obvious reduction in fluorophore emission from small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells was observed. After prolonged reserpinization (3 x 5 mg/kg) there was a highly significant reduction in the percentage of 'chromaffin-positive' small cells and also a significantly lower (by a factor of 2) level of fluorescent emission from SIF cells. The catecholamine-releasing potential of small cells is demonstrated by these results. PMID- 1234551 TI - Effect of angiotensin II and its analogs on uptake and release of 14C-5 hydroxytryptamine by rat brain. AB - Uptake of 14C-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (14C-5-HT) has been investigated by perfusion of the rat brain ventricular system. When angiotensin II was present during perfusion, a dose-dependent inhibition of 14C-5-HT uptake in rat brain was observed. A similar effect was obtained with angiotensin II analogs (8-alanine angiotensin II or 1-dimethylglycine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II). The inhibitory effect of angiotensin II can be almost completely blocked with 1-dimethylglycine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II. In washout experiments, the radioactivity remaining in the brain was greater in the presence of angiotensin II. PMID- 1234552 TI - Further evidence for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and their interaction in dog adrenal medulla. AB - Isolated adrenal glands of dogs were perfused through the adrenolumbar vein with Krebs-Ringer phosphate solution. Nicotine or acetylcholine (Ach) significantly increased the proportion of norepinephrine in the effluent whereas muscarine did not alter the relative proportions of epinephrine and norepinephrine. d Tubocurarine and hexamethonium (C6) inhibited the response to nicotine completely but scarcely affected the response to Ach and significantly potentiated the response to muscarine. Atropine inhibited the response to muscarine completely, that to Ach partially and that to nicotine slightly. Preinfusion of physostigmine potentiated the secretory response to Ach but not that to nicotine and muscarine. When nicotine and muscarine were infused simultaneously, catecholamine (CA) release was greater than the sum of the responses to nicotine and muscarine separately. Continuous infusion of nicotine for 60 min caused block of the adrenal medulla but potentiated CA release in response to Ach and more especially to muscarine. This potentiated release of CA was completely blocked by preinfusion of atropine. Continuous infusion of muscarine for 60 min also blocked CA release and significantly potentiated the response to nicotine, but slightly inhibited the response to Ach. These potentiated and inhibited responses were also completely blocked by preinfusion of d-tubocurarine of C6. On the contrary, during the blockade phase caused by Ach (in combination with physostigmine), nicotine of muscarine did not cause release of CA. In addition, the continuous infusion of nicotine plus muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine in the adrenal medulla and that cholinergic transmission is possible via both mechanisms in isolated adrenal glands. When one type of receptors is blocked by continuous contact with an agonist or by d-tubocurarine or C6, the sensitivity of the other type is increased; inactivation of the one is thus compensated by the increased response due to potentiation of the other. PMID- 1234553 TI - Effect of amphetamine and fenfluramine on brain noradrenaline and MOPEG-SO4. AB - I.p. administration of d-amphetamine sulphate and fenfluramine-HCl at various doses induced significant modifications of brain noradrenaline (NA) and MOPEG-SO4 (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol) in the rat. Both drugs induced a decrease in brain noradrenaline but the two compounes seem to interact with the central noradrenergic system through a different mechanism. The decreased levels of noradrenaline after 1-fenfluramine administration were paralleled by increased MOPEG-SO4 levels. The d-isomer of fenfluramine was less active than the l-isomer. Amphetamine was considerably more effective than l-fenfluramine in reducing NA concentration. However, in spite of the long lasting effect on noradrenaline levels the i.p. administration of amphetamine did not lead to an increased MOPEG SO4 concentration suggesting a more complex interaction with the noradrenergic system. PMID- 1234554 TI - Mouse brain catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine and the antinociceptive activity of pethidine. AB - The involvement of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline and dopamine in the antinociceptive activities of pethidine and morphine has been compared in the mouse. Differences have been shown in the activities of pethidine and morphine in mice treated with either 5-hydroxytryptophan or reserpine. No differences between the activities of pethidine and morphine were demonstrated in mice treated with either alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, L-dopa or p chlorophenylalanine. In reserpinised mice, pethidine's antinociceptive activity was either potentiated, unaffected or antagonised, dependent upon the reserpine dose schedule. Pethidine was shown to be able to raise brain 5-HT concentrations in reserpinised mice. This effect was also dependent upon the reserpine dose schedule used. Morphine, which was antagonised by all reserpine dose schedules, did not raise noradrenaline or dopamine in control or reserpinised mice. Although the reserpine schedule, which potentiated pethidine's antinociceptive activity, was the same as that in which pethidine had the most marked effects upon 5-HT, no definite connections between the two observations could be made. Naloxone abolished the antinociceptive activity of pethidine in reserpinised mice, but not the rise in 5-HT. PMID- 1234556 TI - The effect of verapamil on potassium fluxes in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - Electrophysiological studies of verapamil on isolated cardiac tissue show its effects to occur during Phase 2 and Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential and to be a result of blocking the slow inward Ca2+ current. It is important to know if verapamil effects the transmembrane movement of ions other than Ca2+. By studying uptake and efflux of 42K by canine cardiac Purkinje fibres in the presence and absence of verapamil (1.1 x 10-6 M-4.4 X 10-6 M), it was found that the drug inhibits both 42K uptake (15%) and efflux (30%). PMID- 1234555 TI - In vivo effects of angiotensin antagonists on plasma aldosterone in the dog. AB - The effects of infusions of equimolar doses of Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II and of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II on plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity and arterial blood pressure were compared in normal dogs. Plasma aldosterone increased significantly after Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II whereas it was unaffected by Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II. Changes in blood pressure and renin activity were small without marked differences between both groups of animals. The experiments demonstrate a clear steroidogenic potency of Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II. Therefore, Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II should be preferred as antagonist of the action of angiotensin II in the adrenal gland. PMID- 1234557 TI - The effect of selective lesioning of brain catecholamine-containing neurons on the activity of various anorectics in thr rat. AB - An intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine to rats pretreated with pargyline, a procedure which produces a marked decrease of brain catecholamines without significant changes in the serotonin levels, significantly antagonizes the anorectic effect of amphetamine, phentermine, mazindol and diethylpropion, while the reduction of food intake induced by other drugs such as fenfluramine, p chloroamphetamine, SE 780 and SKF 1-39728 is not significantly affected. The data suggest an involvement of brain catecholamines in the anorectic effect of amphetamine, phentermine, mazindol and diethylpropion whereas other mechanisms appear to be involved in the activity of the other anorectics studied. PMID- 1234558 TI - The effect of nomifensine on the depletion of brain serotonin and catecholamines induced respectively by fenfluramine and 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. AB - Nomifensine, at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p., completely antagonized the decrease of brain dopamine induced by an intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The decrease of brain noradrenaline was also significantly antagonized by nomifensine. Desipramine antagonized the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on noradrenaline but not on dopamine. The decrease of brain serotonin induced by fenfluramine was antagonized by chlorimipramine but not by nomifensine. The findings indicate that nomifensine specifically blocks the uptake mechanism for catecholamines in the brain without significant effects on serotonin. PMID- 1234559 TI - Results of psychological testing (MMPI) in climateric women. PMID- 1234560 TI - Post-menopausal osteopenia and osteoporosis. PMID- 1234562 TI - Blood pressure and estrogens. PMID- 1234561 TI - Effects of oestrogen and progestogen therapy on calcium metabolism in post menopausal women. PMID- 1234563 TI - Estrogens and vitamin B6. PMID- 1234564 TI - Psycho-sociology of menopause and post-menopause. PMID- 1234565 TI - Post-menopausal estrogen production. PMID- 1234566 TI - Vaginal cytology after the menopause. AB - The methods by which oestrogen activity can be assessed cytologically are described. Hormone production does not cease with the onset of the menopause. In about 10% of post-menopausal women there is evidence of high oestrogenic activity until far into old age and in a further 40-45% moderate levels of oestrogens are maintained. Oestrogen administration should, therefore, not carried out routinely under the illusion that it constitutes preservation of youth, but should be reserved for such women in whom serious hormone deficiency can be demonstrated. PMID- 1234567 TI - The effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on some psychological functions. PMID- 1234577 TI - [Specific radioimmunoassay of pancreatic glucagon. Results in new-born and in child (author's transl)]. AB - Rabbits were immunized with polymerized glucagon and specific antisera obtained. Antiserum used at a dilution of 1/24 000 (final concentration) exhibited a cross reaction of 1,6% with enteroglucagon. Radioimmunoassay of serum glucagon employed dextran coated charcoal and 125 I glucagon. Mean concentration in normal fasting children was 153 pg/ml +/- 27 (S.E.M.) and the molar ratio of insulin/glucagon was between 1,9 and 3,9. In the case of premature, dysmature and diabetic children or children from diabetic mothers, the levels did not differ significantly from normal. Results of glucagon secretion stimulation tests using arginine insulin combinations are also reported. PMID- 1234578 TI - Interactions of insulin and epinephrine in human metabolism: their influence on carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rate. AB - Two groups of normal male subjects were given an infusion of insulin and an infusion of epinephrine + insulin respectively. Blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, growth hormone, cortisol, and urinary catecholamines were determined. Continuous indirect calorimetry was used to measure metabolic rate and oxidation rates of carbohydrate and lipids. The first group (n equals 7) received a 30-minute insulin infusion (0.1 IU/kg). While blood glucose and plasma FFA decreased, carbohydrate oxidation and metabolic rate significantly increased after some delay, whereas lipid oxidation decreased. The increase in carbohydrate oxidation amounted to 5 g/120 min. The decrease in blood glucose during insulin administration did not correlate with the increase in carbohydrate oxidation. In the second group (n equals 7), a 150-minute epinephrine infusion (900 mug in 500 ml saline) was administered, and superimposed upon it, a similar insulin infusion initiated after 60 min. Epinephrine alone increased blood glucose and plasma FFA levels, and decreased insulinemia. The rise in the metabolic rate was sharp and significant. After a short but significant increase the oxidation rate of carbohydrate decreased, whereas that of lipids markedly rose. This increase significantly correlated with that in FFA. Addition of insulin markedly decreased the elevated FFA levels and lowered blood glucose. After some delay this was followed by a marked increase in carbohydrate oxidation and a decrease in lipid oxidation. In this test the total increase in carbohydrate oxidation was 11 g/120 min. In comparison with the insulin test, this double amount seems to correlate well with the higher blood glucose levels measured before insulin administration. The results suggest that insulin indirectly stimulates carbohydrate oxidation by facilitating glucose transport into the cells and lowering FFA levels, and that epinephrine favours lipid oxidation through its lipolytic effects and its suppression of insulin release. PMID- 1234579 TI - Arterial pressure in clinically apparent diabetics. AB - The relationship between arterial blood pressure and clinically apparent diabetes mellitus was examined by measuring blood pressure, under standardised conditions, in 735 ambulant diabetic patients attending St. Mary's and King's College Hospital, London. Other biometric, clinical and family data were also systematically collected. A large proportion of first degree relatives of the diabetics and a control group of first degree relatives of non-diabetics were also seen and examined; they were also tested for the presence of unsuspected diabetes. Blood pressure in diabetics was evaluated in two ways. Mean pressures (systolic and diastolic) were calculated by age and sex and compared with similar data from two British non-diabetic populations. In addition, age and sex adjusted blood pressure "scores" were derived for each of the diabetic propositi and for the relatives by calculating the degree to which their pressures deviated from the mean of a corresponding age/sex group of non-diabetics. These deviations were then made comparable by standardising them for the systematic change in variance with age and sex. Using both "raw pressures" and "adjusted scores" the influence of age, sex, obesity, arm girth, response to diagnosis and ethnic, obstetric and anamnestic features were examined. Analysis of the influence of various characteristics of the diabetic state on blood pressure was made; this included mode of presentation, known duration; insulin dose and degree of metabolic control. Finally the relationship of blood pressure levels to the long-term sequels of diabetes was analysed with special reference to renal disease, eye changes, neuropathy and arterial disease. No systematic difference between arterial blood pressure in diabetics and a suitable control population was detected. Younger patients, females more than males, tended to have somewhat higher mean diastolic pressures but these were balanced by rather lower mean pressures in older diabetics. There was evidence of raised pressure levels at the time of diagnosis of diabetes, particularly in older patients, which "settled" with time for reasons which were not clear. The relationship of arterial pressure with adiposity was comparable to that in non-diabetics. After allowance for age and sex, blood pressures and scores were not related to the mode of onset of the diabetes. In the youngest onset group, however, known duration of diabetes appeared to correlate positively with arterial pressure in excess of the effect of age. Insulin dose and metabolic characteristics of the diabetes showed little clear association with arterial pressure but, as expected, patients with evidence of renal disease had higher mean pressures. However, cause-effect relationship between raised pressure and renal disease in diabetics may operate in both directions. Some elements of retinopathy were positively correlated with blood pressure; others were not. The role of co-existing renal disease in determining this association was examined... PMID- 1234580 TI - [Myocardial infarction in diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - In 160 patients admitted during the first 8 days following myocardial infarction during the period November 1st 1974 - March 15th 1975, the prevalence of diabetes was 17%. Among 655 patients treated for a month in a convalescence centre following the acute phase of myocardial infarction during the period January 1st 1974 - March 15th 1975, the prevalence of diabetes was 17.5%. Mortality rate during the first 8 post infarction days was 28% in diabetics and 13% in non diabetic patients in the coronary care Unit; over the subsequent month, the mortality rate was 7.7% in diabetics and 3.7% in non-diabetics while at the convalescence Centre. The higher mortality rate from myocardial infarction in diabetics could not be contributed to a greater severity or more wide spread nature of the coronary artery disease as evidenced by the results of coronary cineangiography performed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe ischaemic heart disease. In the cases in which an aorto-coronary by-pass was performed, there was no apparent difference in the response of diabetics compared to non-diabetic subjects. Despite progress in intensive treatment of myocardial infarction, mortality rate of this disease in diabetics remain very high. Reduction of the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in diabetics requires early identification and reversal of all of the many risk factors for arterial disease. PMID- 1234581 TI - Studies on juvenile--type diabetes in children. Assessment of control under treatment with constant and variable doses of insulin with or without addition of biguanides. AB - Studies were carried out in juvenile-type diabetics in a home for diabetic children which offered the advantages of both "normal" living conditions and strict medical and dietetic control. In 43 insulin-dependent, juvenile diabetics, blood glucose was determined at least 3 times, and some times on 6 occasions, per 24 hours on 3 days a week over 3 months. Blood glucose was estimated in every case of suspected insulin reaction. Determination of cholesterol, triglyceride, growth hormone and antibodies against bovine and porcine insulin were also carried out. Randomized groups of patients were treated alternately with 1) constant, 2) variable insulin doses, 3) addition of biguanides (metformin). Calculated parameters included mean daily blood glucose, mean of absolute differences between daily blood glucose values, daily insulin requirements, frequency of verified insulin reactions and mean blood glucose profiles pre- and postprandially. Addition of biguanides did not decrease blood glucose differences nor the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes. Daily insulin doses were lowered by the drug. Variable insulin doses appeared to be superior to constant ones. Daily insulin requirements were positively correlated with age and weight of patients. Elevated levels of cholesterol were lowered by biguanides. In suspected cases of insulin reaction, blood glucose levels above 100 mg/100 ml were found in more than 40%. No differences existed in insulin requirements, age and duration of diabetes between childhood diabetics with or without significant titers of insulin antibodies. Three postprandial blood glucose determinations gave no essential information over and above the 3 preprandial estimations as far as blood glucose fluctuations were concerned. No smoothing effect of biguanides was apparent from the study whereas an insulin-sparing effect is exerted by these drugs as well as a lowering of elevated levels of cholesterol. PMID- 1234582 TI - Biosynthesis of basement membrane collagen in cultures of renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cells. AB - Confluent cultures of renal glomerular or tubular epithelial cells were incubated with [14C] proline and [3H] lysine. The incorporation rate of both radioactive precursors was found to be linear for up to 12 h. The synthesis and secretion of basement membrane collagenous polypeptides was demonstrated by the presence in the culture media of non-dialyzable 4-hydroxy [14C] proline and hydroxy [3H] lysine. After gel filtration of the culture media on Sephadex G-100 columns, glomerular and tubular basement membrane polypeptides were identified in the chromatographic fractions by radioimmunoassay. They were further purified by affinity chromatography, using Sepharose cyanogen-bromide coupled with specific rabbit anti-human glomerular or tubular basement membrane antibodies. Absorbed labelled membrane polypeptides were eluted from the Sepharose by acidic medium at 4 degrees C. This membrane material represented 3-4% of the total proteins synthesized by glomerular and tubular cells. The glomerular and tubular basement membrane polypeptides purified by affinity chromatography exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 140,000; 80% of the total hydroxy [3H] lysine was recovered as glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxy [3H] lysine. Analysis of the carbohydrate content of labelled basement membrane polypeptide chains originating from glomerular or tubular cells incubated with [14C] glucose of [14C glucosamine indicated the presence of glucose, galactose, mannose, glucosamine, and galactosamine. No fucose, mannosamine or sialic acid were detectable. The data demonstrate that glomerular and tubular epithelial cells are able to synthesize basement membrane collagenous polypeptides in culture. This property might provide a useful tool for the study of the biosynthesis of similar material by diseased kidneys. PMID- 1234583 TI - Characterization of phenformin and metabolites in plasma. AB - A colorimetric assay of biguanides was adapted for small volumes of plasma and its specificity was improved. This method is based on the reaction of guanidine groups with alpha-naphtol-diacetyl. Interference of endogenous guanidine derivatives and of the water-soluble metabolites of phenformin can be excluded by the extraction procedure. Counting of plasma fractions from 14C-phenformin injected rats and thin-layer chromatography, before and after treatment with beta glucuronidase, were also performed: the results suggest that after adequate extraction of plasma, the colorimetric assay measures specifically the biologically active phenformin. Results of this assay in plasma from biguanide induced lactic acidotic patients and rats are given and compared with controls : results are consistent with the hypothesis of an accumulation of biologically active biguanide in such cases. PMID- 1234584 TI - Ethylic alcohol as a disinfectant against infections and toxic infections: its limits. PMID- 1234585 TI - Cytological effects of amoxycillin treatment on psychrophilic Staphylococcus aureus Pi 116. AB - Inpsychrophilic S. aureus Pi 116, treatment with Amoxycillin at 37 degrees C produced giant cells, thick cross walls and thin cell walls, cell walls were unaffected at 2 degrees C, however. PMID- 1234586 TI - [Selection in Polyporus versicolor of mutants producing laccase]. AB - Following preceeding research on the production of laccase in Polyporus versicolor the A. has studied the various cultural conditions which are favourable to a good production of the enzyme. By selecting U.V. induced mutants it has been possible to isolate strains with a high production of the enzyme, in which the enzyme is either constitutive or inducible. PMID- 1234587 TI - [A new Salmonella serotype: S. egusi, yar. difasica=41:d:[1,5]-subgenus I]. PMID- 1234588 TI - [Inhibition of rubella virus hemagglutination by dextran sulfates of high molecular weight]. AB - High molecular weight Destran-sulphates greatly affect rubella virus hemoagglutinin. The inhibition is to be related to the molecular weight. D.S. with p.m. 1,2 X 10(4) show no inhibitory activity, while D.S. 5 X 10(5), and furthermore D.S. p.m. 2 X 10(6) inhibit hemoagglutination. The inhibition appears to be related not to the effect of D.S. on red cells but to the interaction of D.S. with rubella hemoagglutinin. The entity of inhibition is a function of the concentration of D.S. in the test specimen: as much more intense is the former, as much higher is the latter. It is to be noticed however that also relatively little concentrations show to possess a clear inhibitory activity. Concentrations of 0,006 mg/ml and 0 ,05 mg/ml of D.S. (p.m. 2 X 10(6)) cause a lost of hemoagglutinin titre, showing respectively two and four twofold diluition lower titres than controls. PMID- 1234589 TI - [A new technic for determination of antibiotics in the renal parenchyma]. AB - The determination of antibiotics in the renal tissue is of real value only if the blood and the residue urine are removed from the kidney. The Authors report a new technique dealing with the washing of the organ "in situ" by means of an artery vein perfusion succeeded by the sucking of the residue urine from the ureter. The experiments were carried on male albino rats with the following antibiotics: indanylcarbenicillin, tobramycin, fosfomycin and cefazolin. PMID- 1234590 TI - [Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. Results of 5 years of serodiagnostic surveys]. AB - The results obtained by antibodies titration in 1500 subjects, in connection with Toxoplasma infection, are discussed. The determinant influence of some factors is statistically evaluated and recent Italian and foreign results are considered, according to the epidemiology of Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 1234591 TI - [Action of a synthetic peptide on some syngeneic tumors]. AB - The protective effect of intraperitoneal Peptichemio at different doses in a population of syngeneic mice with four experimental tumours is described. The drug is much used in oncology en account of its low toxicity and is both alkylating and antimetabolic. It was found more effective against plasmacytomas and less so against a spontaneous adenocarcinoma (ADK lt) Activity was noted at the lowest dose employed (4 mg/Kg five times on alternate days), which had no more than a slight immunodepressor effect and was unattended by sideeffects, as well as at the highest dose (10 mg/Kg). Evaluation of mean diameters and survival in the experimental animals and in the controls made it clear that the drug possessed almost general effectiveness, in addition to being most active against plasmacytomas. PMID- 1234592 TI - [Effects of a synthetic peptide on the cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes of animals with tumors]. AB - The influence of Peptichemio on cell immunity was studied by examining the in vitro response of lymphocytes from animals bearing a tumour treated with the drug. Two experimental tumours with different features, i.e. an adenocarcinoma (ADK-1t) and a plasmacytoma (MOPC-460) were used. The former was more sensitive to Peptichemio. The colony inhibition test was used for the ADK-1t and 51Cr release for the MOPC-460 owing to the fact that two different methods of culture in vitro were employed. In the case of ADK-1t 4mg/Kg Peptichemio given on alternate days, five times beginning from the 3rd day after challenge, was followed by 40% reduction in lymphocyte toxicity by comparison with the controls. In the case of MOPC-460, on the other hand, no significant lymphocyte toxicity was observed, even in the controls. It was concluded that, in both cases, Peptichemio at this dose does not interfere with the immunity response of the host to any great extent, and is selectively active against neoplastic cells. PMID- 1234593 TI - [Synergism of dicloxacillin and broad-spectrum penicillins]. AB - On the basis of the proved protective activity showed by isoxazolyl penicillins on other antibiotics, a comparative study about the action of dicloxacillin over four penicillins with a broad spectrum was carried on. Either the experiments "in vitro" (antibacterial activity, growth dynamics, determination of beta-lactamase inactivation) then those "in vivo" have proved a real protection. A comparative study on different associations was also performed. PMID- 1234594 TI - [Flucloxacillin]. AB - The pharmacological and clinical properties of flucloxacillin, a new isoxazolilpenicillin, are reported. This drug shows a low acute and chronic toxicity, and enteric absorption clearly higher than cloxacillin and oxacillin. Its binding capability with serum proteins, though rather high, is nevertheless lower than dicloxacillin. The antibacteric activity of flucloxacillin is particularly evident in Gram-positive bacteria and above all on penicillinases producing staphylococci. Flucloxacillin has proved to have successfull effect in the clinical therapy of several infections, particularly of respiratory apparatus and soft tissues. PMID- 1234596 TI - IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man: some aziridines, N-, S- & O-mustards and selenium. PMID- 1234595 TI - [The antibacterial action of the amoxicillin-flucloxacillin combination]. AB - A mixture of amoxycillin, semisynthetic penicillin beta-lactamase susceptible, and flucloxacillin, an isoxazolylpenicillin, in combination 1:1 was tested. This mixture shows real synergic effect "in vitro" on beta-lactamase producing Gram positive and Gramnegative bacteria and an additive effect on the other microrganisms. Good results have been obtained "in vivo" and a protective effect of flucloxacillin on enzymatic degradation of amoxycillin by beta-lactamase was found. PMID- 1234597 TI - The cardiopathology of heatstroke. PMID- 1234598 TI - Experimental candidiasis. PMID- 1234599 TI - Summarized report of research works by the members of the Virology Subsection, the Microbiology Section. PMID- 1234600 TI - A study of the evaluation of functional disturbances in SMON patients from the standpoint of rehabilitation. PMID- 1234601 TI - Present state of rehabilitation in SMON patients --from nationwide research results. PMID- 1234602 TI - Sociological aspects of SMON. PMID- 1234603 TI - A short history of autopsy study of SMON in Japan and principal lesions of the spinal cord in 113 autopsy cases: Section of Pathology, SMON Research Commission. PMID- 1234604 TI - [Basis for acute preoperative hemodilution and autotransfusion]. PMID- 1234605 TI - [Clinical experiences with the hemodilution]. PMID- 1234606 TI - [Intra- and postoperative prevention of thrombosis]. PMID- 1234607 TI - [Immunological studies on the adverse effects of dextran]. PMID- 1234608 TI - Imitation and comprehension of language in severe subnormality. PMID- 1234610 TI - Linguistic intuitions of twelve year-olds. PMID- 1234609 TI - Strategies in the comprehension of relative clauses. PMID- 1234611 TI - On the acquisition of present perfect "have" in normal children. PMID- 1234612 TI - The consistency of temporal speech characteristics in a repetitive oral reading task. PMID- 1234613 TI - A behavioural analysis of figurative language in psychotherapy: one session in a single case-study. PMID- 1234614 TI - New learning by geriatric subjects. PMID- 1234615 TI - Ear advantage for speech in groups of right- and left-handed subjects. PMID- 1234616 TI - Speech behaviour--a foundation of language. PMID- 1234617 TI - Simultaneous interpretation: qualitative and linguistic data. PMID- 1234618 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative evolution of proteins during the growing curve of Sarcina flava]. PMID- 1234619 TI - [Production of pectic enzymes by Pseudomonas viridiflava]. PMID- 1234620 TI - [Toxicity of various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from dead larvae of Prays olease Bernard]. PMID- 1234621 TI - [Diagnosis of meningococcic meningitis by immunoelectrophoresis]. PMID- 1234622 TI - [Ultrastructure and chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides of Erwinia carotovora. II. Influence of the extraction method]. PMID- 1234624 TI - Surgical resection of tumor bulk in the primary treatment of ovarian carcinoma. AB - The effect of tumor bulk resection on survival was studied in 102 patients with stages II and III ovarian cancer. A multiple linear regression equation provuded both simultenaous control of multiple confounding variables and an assessment of these variables as independent predictors of survival. The most important factors were the histologic grade of the tumor and the size of the largest residual tumor mass after operation. Survival time was uniformly poor if the diameter of the largest residual tumor mass exceeded 1.5 cm irrespective of total tumor volume (mean=12.7 months, SE=1.6 mo). Survival time was inversely proportional to residual mass size under 1.6 cm, and surgery improved survival relative to reduction in mass size below this limit. Extensive resections of tumor bulk with failure to remove all masses greater than 1.5 cm in diameter did not influence survival. Surgery provides optimum benefit when all gross tumor can be excised safely. PMID- 1234623 TI - Physiological aspects of deep sea biology. PMID- 1234625 TI - Current status of the second-look operation in ovarian carcinoma. AB - A second-look operation was performed ten times in 240 patients with advanced carcinoma of the ovary treated initially by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy with triethylenethiophosphoramide. Patients undergoing the second look operation for carcinoma of the ovary were grouped according to removal or retention of ovaries at initial operation and presence of residual tumor before the second surgery. Those whose retained ovaries were removed after complete tumor disappearance have done well. The second-look operation was of limited use where there was palpable residual tumor. Second-look surgery should be performed for patients with retained ovaries and complete clinical regression of tumor after administration of chemotherapy and in selected patients in whom interval treatment permits surgical clearance of tumor. Reduction of tumor target may warrant a second-look operation before the use of newer antitumor drugs. PMID- 1234626 TI - Importance of maximum procedure in ovarian cancer. AB - The maximum surgical procedure for the treatment of ovarian cancer is based on a number of sound theoretical concepts. These concepts are based on current knowledge of the biologic behavior of tumors as well as principles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These concepts have not been tested in a prospective randomized study. Discussed are the need for such a study and the great difficulties to be faced in achieving such a study. PMID- 1234627 TI - Radiation therapy in the management of carcinoma of the ovary. AB - The results in 212 patients treated with radiation therapy for various stages of carcinoma of the ovary are reported. The role of radiation therapy in the management of these patients is analyzed in the light of available data. Radiation therapy may improve the survival of patients with stage I ovarian cancer (with poorly differentiated lesions or extension through the capsule) and the survival of patients with stage II ovarian tumors. The patients with stage III ovarian lesions may benefit by a combination of irradiation and chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach to ovarian carcinoma must be promptly established, with participation of gynecologic surgeons, radiation therapists, pathologists, and chemotherapists. More thorough staging procedures and well-defined pathologic classifications are necessary. The biologic and pathologic behavior of these tumors must be further elucidated. The limitations of each treatment method must be exactly defined. Based on this information, rational treatment schemes may be formulated. Controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of optimal surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy, or their combinations. PMID- 1234628 TI - Radioisotopes in treatment of stage Ia ovarian cancer. AB - The role of radioisotopes in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma is discussed. The University of Iowa experience with prophylactic treatment of stage Ia ovarian cancer with radiogold is presented. Cumulative survival in 56 patients with epithelial cancers was 94.3%. In a prospective study, we compare the use of radiogold and total abdominal irradiation in the treatment of stage Ia ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 1234629 TI - Ovarian cancer, with special regard to types of radiotherapy. AB - Different techniques for whole abdominal irradiation after tumor removal from patients with ovarian cancer are discussed. The concept of subclinical disease is stressed. PMID- 1234630 TI - Prognostic importance of histologic type in ovarian carcinoma. AB - It is widely accepted that there exists a simple relationship between histologic type and prognosis in ovarian cancer. There are, however, multiple reasons to believe that if there is such a relationship, it is complex and involves many interacting factors. The factors concerned relate both to the biologic natures of the several neoplasms in this group and to the practical limitations to adequate evaluation imposed by clinical circumstances. Many questions remain to be answered before a prospective comparison of various treatment modalities can be expected to produce truly conclusive results. PMID- 1234631 TI - Postoperative treatment of early cancer of the ovary: a random trial between postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy. AB - One hundred and forty-nine patients with early cancer of the ovary who were suitable for postoperative radiotherapy were treated in a random study in which the efficacy of whole abdominal irradiation with additional irradiation to the pelvis was compared to that of chemotherapy with melphalan. The number of patients without evidence of disease at 2 years indicates that both treatments give similar results. However, the survivals among patients with stage I ovarian cancer showed an improvement for women treated with irradiation, survivals among patients with stage II ovarian cancer showed only a minor difference between women treated with irradiation and those treated with chemotherapy, and survivals among patients with stage III ovarian cancer improved for women treated with chemotherapy. The complications resulting from both treatments differed greatly. Melphalan was well tolerated; it caused serious bone marrow depression in only one patient. The blood counts of all patients after completing their prescribed chemotherapy promptly returned to normal levels. Seven patients treated with irradiation developed small bowel injury requiring surgery. Six of these patients, however, were treated with irradiation to the pelvis followed by strip irradiation to the entire abdomen. Since this treatment plan probably gives excessive doses of irradiation to the pelvis, it has been discontinued. PMID- 1234632 TI - Epithelial carcinoma of the ovary:prognostic importance of histologic grade. AB - Although this report contains only a few cases of epithelial carcinoma of the ovary and is not complete, it does suggest several new points and confirms other points reported in the literature: 1) increasing stage of cancer correlates well with decreased survival; 2) higher histologic grade of cancer correlates with decreases survival; 3) patients with a given stage of ovarian cancer having higher grades of malignancy have poorer survival; and 4) lower grade tumors are most frequently associated with lower stages of cancer, and higher grade tumors are most frequently associated with advanced stages. PMID- 1234633 TI - Results of the Gynecologic Oncology Group trials on ovarian cancer: preliminary report. AB - Preliminary results of three prospective controlled ongoing Gynecologic Oncology Group studies in ovarian carcinoma are discussed. The first study involves "Postoperative Treatment of Women With Resectable Ovarian Cancer With Radiotherapy, Melphalan, or No Further Treatment" (77 evaluable patients). Although there is a trend favoring chemotherapy, the differences as yet are not statistically significant. The second protocol evaluates "Postoperative Treatment of Women With Stage III Ovarian Cancer by Radiotherapy or Melphalan, Either Alone or in Both Sequences" (141 evaluable patients). The progression-free interval is shorter with either therapeutic modality alone and longer with the two combinations of radiation and chemotherapy. The third protocol deals with "Treatment of Women With Disseminated or Recurrent Advanced Ovarian Cancer With Melphalan Alone, in Combination With 5-FU, in Combination with 5-FU and Dactinomycin, or in Combination with Cytoxan, 5-FU, and Dactinomycin" (200 evaluable patients). In terms of progression-free interval, the study favors combination chemotherapy. PMID- 1234634 TI - Ovarian tumor antigens: a new potential for therapy. AB - A murine tumor-associated alpha-globulin was identified by immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity, and immunoelectrophoresis. The antiserum resulting from heterologous immunization with the segregated antigen was tolerated in multiple injections and was therapeutic; host cell participation by macrophages and lymphocytes led to the therapeutic result. Investigation of human ovarian carcinoma demonstrated an alpha-globulin which shares antigenic specificity with other tumor-associated antigens. The successful scanning of a tumor mass with a heterologous antibody directed against a tumor-associated antigen demonstrated the feasibility of applying these techniques to clinical cancer. PMID- 1234635 TI - Electron microscopy, tissue culture,and immunology of ovarian carcinoma. AB - The ultrastructure of the major histologic types of ovarian carcinoma was investigated as part of a multilateral study of this tumor. The nuclear and nucleolar changes in size, shape, and structure correlated well with the degree of malignancy and tumor grading. Cytoplasmic organelles and intercellular junctions were abundant and fairly well differentiated even in ovarian carcinomas of higher grade and stage. Active processes of synthesis and secretion taking place in most of these tumors were suggested by the presence of a richly granulated endoplasmic reticulum, dilated cisternae, and numerous secretory granules. Seventy-eight different ovarian carcinomas of all histologic types were cultured in vitro for periods of up to 300 days, and their morphology in light and electron microscopy was compared to that of the original tumors. The cultures displayed a consistent pattern of growth which led to the conclusion that ovarian cancer cells in vitro preserve their salient features and are representative of the tumors of origin. Heterologous antisera raised with pooled extracts of various types of ovarian carcinomas reacted specifically in immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence tests only with ovarian carcinomas and not with normal ovaries, benigh ovarian tumors, and nonovarian malignant neoplasms, indicating the presence of a cross-reacting specific antigen for ovarian carcinomas. In other studies, autologous antibodies were isolated from antigen-antibody complexes recovered from peritoneal effusions of patients with ovarian carcinomas. These antibodies displayed a high degree of specificity against ovarian carcinoma cells when tested in immunofluorescence assays. PMID- 1234636 TI - World Health Organization classification and nomenclature of ovarian cancer. AB - A World Health Organization (WHO) committee of representatives from seven nations published a histologic typing of ovarian tumors in 1973. Their typing of common epithelial tumor was based largely on the classification by the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), and the single most important concept to emerge from the FIGO and WHO classifications was the distinction among common epithelial tumors between tumors of borderline malignancy and carcinomas. A second general category of ovarian tumors, some of which are clinically malignant, was designated by the WHO committee as sex cord-stromal tumors (neoplasms containing granulosa, theca, collagen-producing stromal, Sertoli, and/or Leydig cells). The WHO classification of germ cell tumors emphasized the necessity of careful examination of the gross specimen with jucicious sampling for microscopic evaluation. The classification and nomenclature used within an institution should be the one most conductive to mutual understanding and optimal patient care; however, when that nomenclature has to be translated into one with more widespread acceptance, the WHO classification, based on the earlier and widely adopted classification of FIGO, is presently the most deserving of universal usage. PMID- 1234637 TI - Regan isoenzyme and human chorionic gonadotropin in ovarian cancer. AB - Among 833 cancer patients whose sera were investigated for Regan isoenzyme and among 1,319 cancer patients from a different population whose sera were assayed for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), those patients with neoplasms of the testis or ovary showed the highest frequency of both placental proteins. Among another 22 patients with ovarian cancer, for whom both placental proteins were measured, 59% showed Regan isoenzyme and 68% showed HCG in ascitic fluids, whereas the figures were 65% and 30%, respectively, for sera. In 55% of both fluids and sera, there was a positive correlation of Regan isoenzyme with HCG (positive or negative). Almost invariably, the ascitic fluid was richer in Regan isoenzyme and HCG than the serum when both were collected on the same day. Progressively increasing levels of each placental protein generally correlated with the spread of the disease, though there were instances when only one was expressed. Evidence indicated the existence of two forms of alkaline phosphatase in ovarian cancer, Regan and non-Regan; the latter was assumed to be of fetal origin. Ultrastructural studies of one ovarian cancer revealed a morphologic entity, i.e., mitochondria enveloped by inverted tubules of endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1234638 TI - Peritoneal fluid profiles. AB - Peritoneal fluid in women is very sensitive to many physiologic and pathologic gynecologic and obstetric conditions. Peritoneal fluid specimens can be obtained from women easily by culdocentesis. Routine assay for the presence or absence of malignant cells in peritoneal fluid from women with early ovarian cancer is indicated to determine the prognosis for the patient and the necessity for further therapy. The serial cytologic and biochemical evaluation of peritoneal fluid seems to be the best currently available means to determine persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer as well as to monitor therapy in a woman with normal clinical and roentgenographic examinations. PMID- 1234639 TI - Ultrasound as an aid in the diagnosis and management of ovarian carcinoma: preliminary report. AB - Ultrasonic scanning was used to assist in the diagnosis and management of ovarian tumors. Tumor response to therapy was evaluated with sequential ultrasound examinations in conjunction with clinical observations. Contact B-mode scanning and physical examination were complementary in demonstrating a change in tumor size, delineating small amounts of ascites, and identifying early omental implants. The information was used to guide the patient's management by chemotherapy. PMID- 1234640 TI - Prognostic importance of histologic grading in ovarian carcinoma. AB - Our data on ovarian epithelial carcinoma show that within a given stage, regardless of the histologic cell type, the increasingly higher grades have an increasingly poorer prognosis. This suggests that more intensive therapy be considered for all patients with ovarian epithelial carcinomas than is currently undertaken. Specifically, this means that, in addition to the standard modalities, chemotherapy should be considered for all tumors beyond grade 1, stage 1a. PMID- 1234641 TI - Chemical comparison of intimal elastin in the human cerebral and coronary arteries and aorta. A preliminary note. AB - The purpose of our experiments was to clarify the relationship between the susceptibility to atherosclerosis and chemical composition in the human cerebral, coronary arteries and aorta, and the concentration and composition of human arterial intimal elastic tissues were measured. In the cerebral arteries, the concentration of hot alkali-insoluble elastin was higher than that of the coronary arteries and aortas, and gradually decreased with age. Age-related changes of the elastin in the coronary arteries were quite small. The total polar amino acids and crude ash contents of arterial elastins were affected by age and treatment of elastic tissue wheteher or not EDTA-decalcification was applied prior to alkali-extraction. No significant differences in the amino acid composition of elastin was founded between the cerebral, coronary and aortic intimas and no significant changes to elastin, and or collagen, which can explain the slow development of atherosclerosis in the cerebral artery, were founded. Therefore, from these results, the slower development rate of cerebral atherosclerosis, as compared with other arteries, can not be sufficiently concluded. PMID- 1234642 TI - Comparison of morphology of isolated cells obtained from aortas of normal and cholesterol fed rabbits. AB - Cells from aortas of healthy newborn and adult rabbits were liberated by digestion with trypsin and collagenase. In the same way were obtained free cells from the aortas of rabbits with far advanced experimental atherosclerosis. More than 90 p. 100 of the cells from all groups were viable. Isolated cells were used for electron microscopic examination. In material obtained from aortas of newborn rabbits, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooths muscle cells were present. In adult rabbits two kinds of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, several varieties of myocytes and foam cells were found. The bulk of aortic cells isolated from rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis consisted of endothelial cells and smooth myocytes. The cytoplasm of all myocytes contained lipid vacuoles. The lipid-loaded myocytes corresponded to the typical foam cells. Lipid content was relatively scanty in the endothelial cells. The presence of myocytes foam cells like in the aortas of healthy adult rabbits, identical as in material from experimental atherosclerosis, may support the view that these cellular changes so far considered as typical for atherosclerosis are common, and may be treated as an exponent of the natural process of aging of the vascular wall. PMID- 1234643 TI - Composition and macromolecular structure of intima in normal and arteriosclerotic human aorta. AB - Proteoglycanes, glycoprotein, fibrous collagen and elastin proteins were isolated from normal human aortic intima and from sclerotic lipid and calcium plaques and examined by electron microscope and thermal analysis. Differences between the structure and compositon of normal human aortic wall and aortic lipid plaques are chiefly found in the proteoglycan containing fraction. The calcium plaque shows structural changes in the fibrillar protein components. PMID- 1234644 TI - In vitro cultivation and identification of aortic endothelium from miniature pig. AB - Pieces of miniature pig aorta were explanted endothelial face down directly on the bottom of Petri dishes. On removal of the aorta fragments after 2-4 days of incubation single cells or small groups of viable endothelium were found attached. The cells developed into a permanent line (at present over 18 passages) and were identified as pure endothelial cells both by light- and electron microscopic examination. PMID- 1234645 TI - Trauma as an essential factor in atherogenesis-ultimate proof. AB - Intimal foam-cell plaques developed within three weeks on the shoulders of cuts through aortic rings within diffusion chambers implanted subcutaneously into rabbits fed cholesterol. Since hemodynamic and thrombogenic factors were excluded the development of cholesterol-atherosclerosis and the localization of the plaques were the result of an interplay of three factors: trauma, a cholesterol rich plasma insudate, and a susceptible aortic intima. PMID- 1234647 TI - [Development of elastin of human aortas during ontogenesis]. AB - The formation of the elastic fiber was followed up in nine human aortas from foetus or newborn. During this period of ontogenesis an evolution of the elastic residue with increasing age was observed. There was a decrease in the association of structural glycoproteins or microfibrils with elastin. The insolubility of elastin increased with age, together with the increasing crosslinkage of the fiber, characterized by the ratio (sum of desmosines/lysine). PMID- 1234646 TI - Atherosclerotic occlusions in anomalous left circumflex coronary arteries. A report of two unusual cases & a review of pertinent literature. AB - Two cases of atherosclerotic occlusion of anomalous left circumflex coronary arteries having origin from a common ostium with the left coronary artery are documented. The atheromatous lesion was found at the same site in each case, i.e. the junction of the segment bound to the posterior wall of the aorta and its freer course in the atrioventricular sulcus. It appears that these junctions have an increased susceptibility to atherosclerotic changes, to local hemodynamic factors and local trauma related to the sudden change from a fixed artery to one lying relatively unfixed in the fibro-fatty tissue of the atrioventricular sulcus. PMID- 1234648 TI - Immunological studies with aortic and venous tissue antigens. I. The antigen structure of vascular tissues. AB - Fractionation of intact and arteriosclerotic aortic and venous intimas was performed. The distribution of the obtained fractions (CTC, CSC, collagen, SGP and elastin), their disc-electrophoretic and immunological behaviour was studied. With the process of arteriosclerosis a decrease of the structural proteins (collagen, SGP, elastin) and an increase in the amount of some proteins of plasmatic origin could be demonstrated. By the use of absorbed immune sera in the immunoelectrophoretic patterns of aortic and venous CTC-extracts two vessel wall specific arcs were found. PMID- 1234649 TI - Immunological studies with aortic and venous tissue antigens. II. Antibodies to vascular antigens. AB - In the sera of patients with different clinical manifestations of arteriosclerosis antibodies were demonstrated against the CTC-extract in about 50 p. 100 of the cases. Using venous CTC-extracts positive results were obtained in patients with phlebothrombosis in 70 p. 100 of the cases. Cross reactions between the aortic and venous tissues were not detected. PMID- 1234650 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the control of gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 1234651 TI - On the molecular structure of receptors for co-carcinogens and some anti-cancer drugs. PMID- 1234652 TI - Estradiol: alterations in the mechanism of intracellular transport. PMID- 1234653 TI - Circulating hormones, EEG, and performance in psychological tests of women with and without oral contraceptives. PMID- 1234654 TI - Volatile fatty acids, "copulins", in human vaginal secretions. PMID- 1234655 TI - 47,XYY and 46,XY males with antisocial and/or sex-offending behavior: antiandrogen therapy plus counseling. PMID- 1234656 TI - Effects of oestrogen and androgen on the sexual behaviour responses of the ovariectomized ewe. PMID- 1234658 TI - A preliminary study of psychoneuroendocrine relationships in psychogenic impotence. PMID- 1234657 TI - Influence of chlorpromazine on the positive and negative feed-back mechanism of oestrogens in man. PMID- 1234659 TI - Gender identity confusion, schizophrenia and a 47 XYY karyotype: a case report. PMID- 1234660 TI - Results of psychosocial adjustment to long-term colostomy. AB - 114 patients with permanent colostomy for carcinoma of the rectum were compared by questionnaire and interview with 110 cancer patients, having undergone colonic resection but not bearing a colostomy. The patients' own assessment of their health was for the colostomy group even better than for the controls. The emotional state before and after surgery showed significant degrees of hopelessness, depressions and fear especially for young women awaiting colostomy. Social contacts were considered as far as visits of friends or cinema, theatre are concerned. Sexual activity decreased significantly for 75% of colostomized men. In 40% organic lesions led to impotence. The Giessen test revealed significant rates of social impotence, negative social resonance and depression for men with colostoma. PMID- 1234661 TI - Three cases of cardiospasm treated successfully with psychotherapy. Catamnestic remarks. AB - 3 cases of cardiospasm successfully treated by psychotherapy are reported and some catamnestic conclusions and remarks are given after a follow-up of the patients for 10, 9 and 8 years, respectively. Unlike the clinical symptomatology, which was almost identical in all 3 cases, the precipitating factors, the deeper meaning and the unconscious symbolism of the symptoms were quite different but specific for each one of the patients. Some more thoughts are also given in the paper with reference to the clinical criteria to be considered when evaluating the final therapeutic results of the technique of the therapy applied. PMID- 1234662 TI - How are 'psychosomatic' patients different from 'psychoneurotic' patients? AB - Two groups of white male patients of the same racial stock were selected on the basis of their acceptance or rejection by psychiatric residents for extended treatment. The group of patients eagerly accepted were mostly college students with anxiety, several of a phobic type, while the completely rejected group was composed of rheumatoid arthritic patients. Examination of samples of verbal transcript material showed that previously determined criteria, established on the basis of content analysis of interview transcripts, place the arthritic patients very much in the 'unsuitable for psychoteraphy' category, whereas the selected patients were highly 'suitable'. Verbal patterns in several different contexts are compared to show the differences 'concretely'; in addition, another such comparison shows the abundance of psychosomatic diseases in the families of the arthritic patients. Comparison of verbal material shows that patients with anxiety tend to be acutely sensitive to the future and to human relations, especially those with physicians in a personal sense. Arthritic patients, on the other hand, 'worry' much less, attend little to the future, incongruguously report that they are 'in command of' feelings. In a hospital psychiatric ward, anxious patients soon adapt with relief; the arthritic in such a ward insists that he follows his own idea of the behaviour of the hospitalized patient, complete with night clothes and bed rest. The conclusion suggested is that the two types of patients live in quite separate 'universes of discourse'. PMID- 1234663 TI - Play therapy in the treatment of hebephrenia. AB - This paper has attempted to outline a multiple technique therapy designed for the treatment of hebephrenia. The first phase of the technique utilizes play therapy, followed by an interchange of therapist and patient's drawings, and finally, analytic psychotherapy. These three phases may be characterized, respectively, as expressive, expressive-communicative, and communicative. PMID- 1234665 TI - Significance of somatostatin, newcomer from the hypothalamus. PMID- 1234664 TI - Corpus striatum as the site of drug action. PMID- 1234666 TI - [New findings concerning cardiac proteins binding the coronary dilating substances of the hypothalamus]. AB - We had previously shown that the protein component obtained from heart muscle by 0.1--0.2 saturation with ammonium sulfate exhibits a coronarodilatatory effect. Later on we succeeded in isolating from this protein complex, through dialysis, two coronaoractive low molecular compounds, one of which is apparently a neurohormone. In the present study we isolated, purified and studied the features of this protein complex. The results of gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 confirmed the presence of two different coronaroactive neurohormone binding proteins in heart muscle. The active fractions have been also purified through ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The purity of these fractions was tested through electrophoresis on 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. In the last stage of purification the active proteins moved towards the anode by one zone. PMID- 1234667 TI - The electrogenesis and metabolic regulation of slow oscillations underlying burst firing patterns in aplysia and hellix neurons. PMID- 1234668 TI - [Metabolic activity of the N-acetylneuraminic acid of the principle gangliosides of the brain]. AB - The turnover rate of N-acetylneuraminic acid of brain gangliosides (GT1, GD1b, GD1a, GM1) was studied following the injection of 2-14C-acetate. The specific activity of N-acetylneuraminic acid in GD1a and GM1 was found to be higher than in GD1b. The administration of aminasine reduced the specific activity of N acetylneuraminic acid whereas chlorhydrate increased that of major brain ganglosides. PMID- 1234669 TI - [Character of loosely and tightly bound human cerebral gangliosides and methods of preparatory extraction]. AB - The quantitative isolation of loosely and tightly bound gangliosides of human brain has been studied following various ways of extraction. Hot methanol extraction (Bogoch's method) gave a higher level of tightly bound gangliosides than by extraction with the Folch method. Both kinds of gangliosides were found to have the same fractional composition on thin layer chromatography on silicagel. A single extraction method of gangliosides giving high yields is proposed. PMID- 1234670 TI - [Phospholipid composition of the cerebral proteolipids of rats of different ages]. AB - Some properties and phospholipid composition of proteolipids (PL) of brain of 10, 20, 30 and 120--180 days old rats were studied following their isolation by the emulsion centrifugation method of Folch. The content of crude and purified PL and the phospholipids bound to them gradually increased with age. The PL isolated from brains of 10-day old rats are different in their properties and composition from that of PL of adult brain. Their optical density is 2-2,5 times smaller (E1% 1cm lambda 278 mmk). This may be due to their lower content of cyclic amino acids. The content of lecithin and monophosphoinositides in PL decreases with age while that of serienphosphatides and especially polyglycerophosphatides increases. The content of acidic phosphatides tightly bound to PL protein also increases. All of these changes occur mainly between the 10th and 20th days after birth. It would seem that this period is important for the formation of PL and their involvement in the composition of membranes. PMID- 1234671 TI - [AMP-aminohydrolase activity of the nuclear fraction of rat brain]. AB - AMP-aminohydrolase activity has been found not only in mitochondrial and soluble fractions but also in nuclear fraction of rat brain. The regulation of nuclear AMP-aminohydrolase activity differs from that of mitochondrial and soluble fractions. 1. Hexokinase does not enhance deamination of AMP in intact nuclei while it activates the enzyme in extracts of acetone powder of nuclear fractions. 2. The AMP-aminohydrolase activity of rat brain nuclear fraction is considerably inhibited by GTP and phosphate but in contrast to other fractions the stimulatory effect of ATP on enzyme activity is preserved. PMID- 1234672 TI - [Forms of deposition of phosphoorganic cholinesterase inhibitors in the brain]. AB - The content and hydrophobic properties (distribution coefficient in hexan : water) of organophosphorus inhibitors OPT of the following structure--R-O (CH3)/P/O/S C2H4SC2H5 have been studied in rat brain. On enlargement of the O alkyl radical from ethyl to isopropyl and pinacolin hydrophobecity increases from 1 to 12 and 39, while the relative content of the chloroform extractable free OPT in brain, under conditions of uniform distribution, decreases from 11--18% to 3.2%. On incubation of the homogenate at 37 degrees C the further inhibition of the specific cholinesterase of the brain indicates the presence of an absolutely free form of OPT, the amount of which is not dependent on the degree of its hydrophobicity. PMID- 1234673 TI - [Inductive synthesis of acetylcholinesterase in the brain during learning and training of rats]. AB - In rats learning to use nonpreferred paw is accompanied by an increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of specific areas of rat cerebral cortex and pyramidal neurones of CA3 and CA4 of the hippocampus. Following achievement of new behavioural reactions high AChE activity is preserved longer in the neacortex, the enzyme activity in the pyramidal neurones of the hippocampal cortex coming to normal. Following preliminary intracranial administration of puromycin the increase of AChE activity during learning is no more observed. This indicates the activation of the genetic apparatus during learning and training as a result of which synthesis of membrane proteins including AChE is enhanced. A close correlation between learning and the inductive synthesis of AChE is observed. Lateralization of the chemical traces of learning in specific areas of rat cerebral cortex are observed as increased activity of AChE. Changes in AChE activity in various hemispheres of rat brain during learning are thought to be due to assymetric changes in the excitatory level of cortical sites during the formation of new behavioural reactions. The specific localization of biochemical changes in the brain is certainly more favorable from an energetic aspect and may by regarded as an evolutionary compensatory process. The interrelationship of the activation of the synthetic apparatus of the cell with the reception of external informations is one of the expressions of adaptation during codations of functions of the organism more advantageous from an evolutionary point of view. PMID- 1234674 TI - Paying for the health services. PMID- 1234675 TI - The measurement of fertility trends of women attending family planning clinics. PMID- 1234676 TI - Acute renal failure and typhoid fever. AB - Over a two-year period, out of 40 adult Ghanaians admitted to the renal unit of Korle Bu Hospital with acute renal failure, 6 (15%) had typhoid fever. During this period approximately 500 cases of typhoid were admitted to this Hospital. Prominent features in these cases were a blackwater fever syndrome and leucocytosis. These features in a patient with typhoid should suggest the possibility of complicating acute renal failure. Three patients showed a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P.D.) in their red blood cells. It is suggested that typhoid is likely to be an important cause of acute renal failure in areas where it is endemic and G-6-P.D. deficiency common. PMID- 1234677 TI - Biliary tract disease and sickle cell anaemia in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra. AB - This study has examined the incidence of biliary tract disease in the general medical and surgical wards of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital as well as the prevalence of the disease in patients attending the Sickle-cell Clinic. There were 72 confirmed cases of biliary tract disease (0.5 percent hospital admissions) of which 17 or 23.9 percent had a positive sickling (AS, SS, SC). When SS and SC patients only were considered the incidence of biliary tract disease was significantly higher than the rest of the population. The incidence in biliary tract disease among patients attending the Sickle-cell Clinic was in this semiprospective study found to be 14.6 per cent; analysis of several clinical variables indicated that haemolysis was an important causative factor. There were however several other unexplained factors which emphasize the need for a more detailed prospective study in this area. PMID- 1234678 TI - Polycystic ovaries: presentation and response to wedge resection. PMID- 1234679 TI - Systemic copper and sex steroids uptake by rat tissues. AB - Subcutaneous injection of copper sulphate into the rat produced a significant depression in the relative and absolute uptake of oestradiol by the uterus. With progesterone, an enhancement in the absolute count uptake in the uterus, muscle, liver and kidney occurred. The absolute uptake of oestradiol in muscle, liver and kidney were also enhanced. PMID- 1234680 TI - Clinical measurement of trend in fertility of women attending family planning clinics in Ghana. AB - 1. The need for a simple method of measuring trend in fertility in family planning programme has been stated. 2. The theory of the numerator analysis of age and parity or age and number of living children and its variants the "three area" and the "four quadrant methods" have also been stated. 3. The data from the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital have been analysed. 4. The finding was that the proportion of women of the high fertility group is reducing while that of women in lower fertility is increasing with time. 5. The relevance of this type of analysis to national family planning programme has been emphasised. PMID- 1234681 TI - Experience with Morgan perfusion contact lens in treating eye infections and burns. AB - The effects of a new therapeutic perfusion contact lens upon heavy infections and severe burns had been observed in 30 cases. We conclude that this method is advantageous, where there is a shortage of nursing personnel. We also consider the advisability of instructing sick bay attendants in large factories and military personnel in the use of the contact lens in order to bridge the critical phase between injury and hospital treatment. PMID- 1234682 TI - The interface between statistics and health planning. AB - This essay is a brief review of some of the major limitations, and the nature of the underlying assumptions, in the use of Statistics in Health Planning: it poses pertinent questions which the Health Planner must face when using Statistics; and draws attention to System Dynamics, a relatively new Research technique which may be applied to studies in human ecology and other complex systems. PMID- 1234683 TI - Cost of selected health institutions in the Central Region 1972-1973. AB - An account is given in the paper of a costing exercise conducted at four institutions in the Central Region, using 1972/1973 data. Attention is initially drawn to the conceptual and practical difficulties involved in the collection and interpretation of data. Detailed estimates for each institution-Cape Coast hospital, Saltpond hospital, Swedru health centre and Kissi health post are then presented. Finally a tentative suggestion for a supplementary statistical system covering institutional cost is broached. PMID- 1234684 TI - Reflections on the health budget. A preliminary analysis of the 1974/75 Ministry of Health budget. AB - This paper describes the 1974/75 Budget, and analysis it in terms of allocations to Medical Care, Public Health and Training functions as well as by allocations to Regions. 80% of the Health Vote goes into Curative or Medical Care, 12% into the Preventive Services, 6% into Trining and the rest to Headquarters. It brings out the great disparities among the Health Care System of the various Regions, and suggests also that the method of the presentation of the Health Budget makes it difficult to understand resource allocations within the Health Sector. PMID- 1234685 TI - Alcoholism--the African scene. PMID- 1234686 TI - Some problems of research design in the human experimental subject. PMID- 1234687 TI - Tubal pregnancy: a review of 404 cases. AB - In the two years - 1st January, 1973 to 31st December, 1974 - 533 patients had operation for tubal pregnancy at the Gynaecology Unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. About five cases per week were seen during this period. The incidence was 44 for every thousand deliveries at the Hospital. The case notes of 404 of the 533 patients have been reviewed. The age range was 15 to 44 years; 78% were in the 21 to 35 years age group. 81.4% had had pregnancies which went beyond 28 weeks. Only 13.7% had never had an intrauterine pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy is therefore not a disease of the primarily infertile as is commonly thought. There was no significant difference between the incidence on the right side and the incidence on the left side. The ampulla was the commonest site of implantation in the tube (45%). Tubal rupture (89.6%) was commoner than tubal abortion (10.4%). The principal signs and symptoms were abdominal pain, amenorrhoea, abdominal tenderness, abdominal distension, and signs of free fluid in the abdomen, syncope, anomalous vaginal bleeding, pallor and vomiting. The absence of amenorrhoea does not rule out the possibility of an ectopic. On pelvic examination the major signs were tenderness in a fornix and cervical excitation pain. Abdominal paracentesis and culdocentesis if positive are useful in diagnosis; negative results prove nothing. Laparascopy is of great value and should be employed in the difficult case. Beware of the patient in the reproductive age with anomalous vaginal bleeding, vague abdominal pains, syncopic attacks and anaemia. The mortality rate in the series was 0.7%. PMID- 1234688 TI - Evaluation of vaginal tubal ligation. AB - A series is described of 150 cases of sterilization through posterior colpotomy. The operation was mainly elective or postabortal. The average hospital stay was short--1 or 2 days and complications were few-mainly pelvic peritonitis. There was only 1 death in the series covering 5 years--from peritonitis. The method is recommended for widespread use throughout the country both in rural and urban centres. PMID- 1234689 TI - Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma in a juvenile. PMID- 1234690 TI - Budd--Chiari syndrome complicating polycythaemia vera. A case report. PMID- 1234691 TI - A successful caesarean section after death from acute bacterial meningitis. AB - A case of post mortem Caesarean Section is presented with a successful outcome. The urgency of the operation to achieve the delivery of a live and healthy baby is stressed. The mother died of Acute bacterial meningitis. PMID- 1234692 TI - Occurrence of volvulus with intestinal obstruction after ventriculo-peritoneal CSF diversion: a case report. AB - This paper presents a four-year-old Nigerian male child who developed volvulus of the small intestine three years after the successful establishment of ventriculo peritoneal shunt for his hydrocephalus. There is only one other report in the literature of this complication. In view of the increasing use of ventriculo peritoneal CSF diversion for hydrocephalus, it is necessary to be aware of the rare and unusual cause of an acute abdomen. PMID- 1234693 TI - The role of autotransplanted spleen in the erythropoietic recovery of the mouse. AB - Erythropoietic recovery was studied in mice subjected to subcutaneous splenic autotransplantation and compared with that observed in normal and splenectomized animals. Radioiron uptake into spleen and erythrocytes and splenic weight were measured at different times after lethal irradiation and injection of 5 x 10(5) bone marrow cells. Dose-response curves were also performed with increasing amounts of cells injected. Hematocrit recovery as a function of time after a single large dose of phenylhydrazine was also studied. Results indicate that autotransplants act qualitatively as normal spleens, but their erythropoietic capacity is diminished and the animals show an intermediate response between normal and splenectomized mice. Histological observation showed no obvious differences in morphology and spatial distribution between colonies developing in normal and transplanted spleens. It is concluded that transplants lead to normal lodgment, proliferation and erythroid differentiation of circulating stem cells. However, changes in transplant size, anatomical position and other factors such as fibrosis and blood flow may decrease their trapping area and their capacity of expansion even under conditions of high erythropoietic stimulation. PMID- 1234694 TI - Oscillatory flow in a y-shaped bifurcation. AB - Fluid particle trajectories in oscillatory flow in Y-branched tubes of equal radii were quantitatively analyzed for an oscillatory number square root 2pi/Tv.ro of the order of unity and qualitatively for an oscillatory number of the order of 25. Radial distribution of trajectories and secondary motions are described. This work is an attempt to know some of the features of oscillatory flow present in blood and air motion with similar boundary conditions. PMID- 1234695 TI - Characteristics of the hypothalamic and hypophyseal cytoplasmic estradiol binding substances. Effects of neontaal castration and testosterone administration. AB - Some physicochemical characteristics and binding capacities of the cytoplasmic estradiol-receptor complexes of the rat hypophysis and hypothalamus, were determined in intact males and females, neonatal castrated males and neonatal and adult testosterone injected females. By gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation the hormone receptor complexes obtained in vitro, shared the same properties in both tissues. The hydrodynamic radius was estimated to be 60 A, The sedimentation coefficient 8.5 S, the frictional coefficient f/fo was 1.42 corresponding to axial ratio (prolate) of 7.85. The molecular weight was 263 000. The data suggest a highly asymmetric molecule similar to the uterine soluble estradiol-receptor complex. No differences were observed in the hypothalamic binding capacities of diestrous females and adult males. The results expressed as fmol of hormone bound/mg cytoplasmic protein were 2.40 +/- 0.32 and 2.54 +/- 0.26, respectively. For estrous females it was 3.72 +/- 0.44. Neonatal castration or testosterone administration increased significantly the binding activity in adulthood. Adult females treated with testosterone showed the lowest level of the hypothalamic estradiol receptors (1.41 +/- 0.56). No differences were observed in the in vitro titration of the pituitary cytoplasmic estrogen binding sites. PMID- 1234696 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of learning. IV. Ontogeny of calcium channels in the rat's cortex. AB - The sensitivity of some electrocortical potentials of rats to topically applied tetrodotoxin (TTX), manganese, lanthanum, calcium, mescaline and strychnine was followed from the age of 6 to 20 days and compared with that of adult animals. Sensitivity to TTX was relatively greater in the younger rats. In contrast, the blocking effect of Mn2+ or La3+ was small initially but increased with age. Similarly, the ability of mescaline or strychnine to give rise to giant spikes (dendritic action potentials) increased with maturation of the brain cortex. Finally, an increase in external calcium concentration depressed cortical potentials in the younger animals and had the usual increase of the mescaline or strychnine spikes in the older rats. It is concluded that the formation of calcium channels in dendritic membranes is part of the maturation process of cortical neurons and possibly related to the learning mechanisms. The depressant action of high external calcium during the first days of life was ascribed to an unspecific reduction in membrane permeability. PMID- 1234697 TI - [Effect of an essential fatty acids free diet on the lipidic composition of rat testicles (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of a fat free diet on the fatty acid composition and histological changes of the testis of old rats was studied to investigate the possible function of docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid in rat testicles. The lipidic composition, the fatty acid composition, the conversion of docosa-7,10,13,16 tetraenoic acid to arachidonic acid and the activity of the 6-desaturase were determined during the different periods in which the rats received a fat free diet. Comparatively, the changes in the fatty acid composition of the liver were also studied. Only the liver showed a change in the triglyceride content during the first month of treatment, and it regained its normal values afterwards. Both liver and testis changed the fatty acid composition. An increase of the acids of the oleic series and a decrease of the components of the linoleic series were shown. These changes were similar to the ones provoked by an essential fatty acid deficient diet on young animals. The amount of docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid was very little changed. No significant change was shown either in the retroconversion of docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid to arachidonic acid. However, the 6-desaturase activity of the testis was enhanced by the fat deficient diet. The possibility that arachidonic acid in the adult rat is mainly supplied by linoleic acid and not by the retroconversion of docosa-4,7,10,13,16 pentaenoic acid is discussed. PMID- 1234698 TI - [Inestability of fatty acid desaturation enzymes in liver slices (author's transl)]. AB - A study was made on the microsomal oxidative desaturating activity of fatty acids in rat liver slices incubated in different media. [1-14C] linoleic acid desaturation activity decreased during the incubation in Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate. The addition of glucose or pyruvate in the incubation medium did not alter the decrease of the linoleic desaturation activity compared to the controls. Linoleic desaturation to gamma-linolenic acid descreased even when the slices were incubated in different media and at different temperatures. However, the inclusion of aminoacids in the media prevented the decrease of linoleic acid desaturation. Microsomal stearic acid desaturation to oleic acid in liver slices was less modified by incubation than linoleic acid desaturation. Glucose inclusion in the medium enhanced 9-desaturation. The stability of the desaturases in the liver slices is discussed. The results evidence once more that 9 desaturation and 6-desaturation are accomplished by different enzymes controlled by separate mechanisms. PMID- 1234699 TI - Evidences for a correlation between hippocampal RNA and learning. PMID- 1234700 TI - Effects of sodium pentobarbital upon cardiovascular responses to mesencephalic reticular stimulation in rats. AB - In nineteen rats the cardiovascular responses to the electrical stimulation of the lateral mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) were recorded before, during and after different doses of sodium pentobarbital injected intravenously. Before pentobarbital, stimulation of the MRF induced cardiovascular changes in 100% of cases. The following four patterns were observed: a) hypertension plus bradycardia (N = 11; 57.9%); b) hypertension without chronotropic effects (N = 4; 21%); c) hypertension plus tachycardia (N = 3; 15.8%), and d) hypotension without chronotropic effects (N = 1;5.3%). Administration of small doses of sodium pentobarbital induced drastic variations in the incidence of the aforementioned patterns of response as follows: a) N = 3; 15.8%; b) N = 2; 10.4%; c) N = 11; 58%; d) N = 0. Other two complementary patterns appeared: e) no changes in blood pressure plus bradycardia N = 1; 5.2%, and f) lack of response: N = 2; 10.4%. When the cumulative doses were over than 19 mg/kg no systematization was possible due to the extreme variability of the responses. This change in the characteristics of the cardiovascular effects of the stimulation of the MRF is supposed to be due to a demasking effect of barbiturates which depressing reticular neurons allows a cardioacceleratory component of the response to become apparent. PMID- 1234701 TI - Effect of ouabain on the renal response to furosemide. AB - The aim of this work was to investigate whether the natriuretic effect of furosemide can be wholly explained by the inhibition of a ouabain-sensitive Cl transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle. For this purpose 6 dogs undergoing moderate saline diuresis received 100 mug ouabain/kg into the left renal artery followed by 2 mg furosemide/kg IV. Urine was collected from both kidneys and blood samples taken at regular intervals. Ouabain produced a unilateral increase in Na excretion and little change in CCR and water and K excretion. IV furosemide increased Na, K and water excretion in both kidneys. Since Na excretion in the left kidney was already exhanced by ouabain the increment was lesser than in the right kidney. As a result water and electrolyte excretion became similar in both kidneys. Although ouabain did not prevent the renal response to furosemide, the effects of both drugs were not additive. This suggests that in addition to the thick ascending limb, furosemide acts in some other tubular segment which is insensitive to ouabain. Since furosemide is known to also inhibit passive Cl movements, a second site of action could be in the thin ascending limb of Henle, which lacks any active transport mechanism but is highly permeable to Cl. PMID- 1234702 TI - Erythropoietic restoring capacity of hematopoietic stem cells from liver of adult mice recovering from cyclophosphamide. AB - A comparison of the erythropoietic restoring capacity of colony-forming units (CFU) found in the liver of adult mice recovering from a single high dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) with that of CFU derived from fetal liver and from adult bone marrow and spleen was made. In this respect CFU in the liver of adult mice differ notably from CFU in fetal liver but have a striking similarity with adult splenic CFU. PMID- 1234703 TI - Extraction of biologically active erythropoietin from kidneys of carbon monoxide intoxicated mice. AB - Carbon monoxide injected subcutaneously in mice produces a profound intoxication during a six hour-period. From 2 to 4 hr after the start of carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxemia large amounts of erythropoietin (ESF) are released in the plasma. Renal extracts obtained at the same time showed higher specific activity than that found in the plasma extracts. No activity was recovered from liver and spleen extracts. Removal of the kidney abolishes totally the production of ESF. PMID- 1234704 TI - Electrical activity of the olfactory bulb. Changes induced by lesions of contralateral olfactory areas. AB - Control values for a) trains of sinusoidal waves, b) slow potentials and c) basal activity, were determined in rabbits whose olfactory bulbs (O.B.'s) had been implanted with chronic electrodes. One olfactory epithelium was destroyed in one group of animals and the activity of the contralateral O.B. was analyzed for 7 days. Then, the olfactory peduncle homolateral to the olfactory epithelium previously destroyed was sectioned and the bulbar activity recorded for 15 days. In another group of animals, the olfactory peduncle was sectioned and the activity of the contralateral O.B. analyzed similarly to the previous group. It was observed that no changes occurred in the contralateral O.B. after the destruction of the receptors. The sectioning of the olfactory peduncle produced a temporary increase in the amplitude and duration of the trains of sinusoidal waves from the contralateral O.B. and, only in few cases, in the amplitude of the slow potentials. These results were related to the various nervous structures that had been damaged during the operations. PMID- 1234705 TI - Research on addictive behaviors: current needs. PMID- 1234706 TI - Dietary and medical treatments of obesity: an evaluative review. PMID- 1234707 TI - Maturity, depression, and life events in middle-aged alcoholics. PMID- 1234708 TI - The obese eating style: bites, beliefs, and behavior modification. PMID- 1234709 TI - Conditioned aversion by psychoactive drugs: does it have significance for an understanding of drug dependence? PMID- 1234710 TI - Issues in smoking control. PMID- 1234711 TI - Behavior therapy for weight reduction. PMID- 1234712 TI - The pitfalls of urine surveillance: the role of research in evaluation and remedy. PMID- 1234713 TI - Certificate of need: the Massachusetts experience. AB - Certificate of Need legislation is one of several regulatory programs designed to control the allocation of health care delivery resources. This paper examines the Massachusetts experience with Certificate of Need, focusing on two major administrative law controversies--the extent of the regulatory agency's power to participate actively in the planning process, and the scope of review of agency decisions permitted under a non-judicial appeals mechanism. The study concludes that any Certificate of Need program may be strengthened by accurately defining the roles of the participants and by providing for safeguards within the system itself. PMID- 1234714 TI - Health Care Institution Amendments to the National Labor Relations Act: an analysis. AB - Ira M. Shepard, J.D. herein analyzes the legislative history and the substantive provisions of the 1974 Health Care Institution Amendments to the National Labor Relations Act. The Amendments bring private, non-profit health care institutions and their employees under the coverage of the NLRA, the goal of Congress being to reach a successful compromise of the public's right to receive uninterrupted health care; the health care institution's obligation to provide these services to the fullest extent possible; and the right of health care employees to have the same voice in the determination of their wages, hours, and working conditions accorded other workers under the NLRA. PMID- 1234715 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a burgeoning medicolegal problem. AB - This Article presents a summary analysis of the administrative and statutory bases for the documented, prevalent mismanagement of Suddern Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases by a majority of local death investigation agencies in the United States. Herein, Alan P. Cleveland, J.D. advances the theory that the unsatisfactory handling of cases of SIDS by the medicolegal community is the inevitable outgrowth of state laws that expressly require investigative agencies to approach a sudden, unexplained death from the direction of determining first whether or not a criminal act has occurred. In so doing, most statutorily mandated autopsy procedures are socially counterproductive since, in ignoring an acute medical need for supportive family counselling, they often constitute an insuperable obstacle to the effective management of SIDS as a public health problem. The author recommends that a requisite first step in implementing an SIDS management program at the state level is to insulate surviving family members form criminal investigative procedures by appropriate amendment of state laws governing local death investigation systems. PMID- 1234716 TI - The "new" genetics: emerging medicolegal issues in the prenatal issues in the prenatal diagnosis of hereditary disorders. AB - Major advances in prenatal genetic diagnosis have occurred in the past few years which pose difficult challenges to the law. This paper raises questions relative to family history taking, genetic counseling, carrier detection, amniocentesis, and prenatal genetic studies, and also raises questions with respect to the rights and responsibilities of the patient, the fetus, the physician, and society in light of such modern advances. Law reform often occurs only after prior harm to an individual, family or group. Perception and delineation of the most important issues in this area should serve to stimulate the development of medicolegal guidelines and corrective legislation prior to the occurrence of a genetic tragedy. PMID- 1234718 TI - Law and medicine: myths and realities in the medical school classroom. AB - One way to increase cooperation between the professions of law and medicine is to teach law in medical schools in a way that emphasizes methods of approaching problems, and seeks to dispel the major myths that doctors have about the law. In this Article, Professor George Annas presents an outline of a core course in legal medicine "tailor-made" for inclusion in the medical (and, with appropriate modifications, dental) school curriculum. PMID- 1234717 TI - The interfaces of law and medicine. AB - The relationship between the legal and medical professions is improving, but many problems remain. There has been been and continues to be substantial growth in medicolegal organizations of various kinds. Better medicolegal investigative methods are being developed, and medicolegal teaching programs are on the increase. The two professions have worked together successfully on such problems as human heart transplantation and drug abuse. On the other hand, several problem areas continue to cause difficulty and friction, including medical experimentation on humans, the legal definition of death, abortion, euthanasia, and medical malpractice. The author calls on the existing medicolegal organizations to apply their expertise and influence to define and resolve these problems. PMID- 1234719 TI - Phase two of the federal HMO development program: new directions after a shaky start. PMID- 1234720 TI - Hospital committee proceedings and reports: their legal status. AB - This Article examines the legal status of hospital committee proceedings and reports, focusing on how they may be used in a medicolegal context. Specific topics dealt with include the hospital medical staff in legal perspective, the concept of institutional responsibility, liability considerations arising from committee work, and the discovery and admissiblity of committee records in litigation cases. The author concludes that the danger of committee members facing liability for their activities is slight and that the fear that these reports and proceedings may be subject to discovery or be admissible into evidence in subsequent litigation is remote because candid and conscientious evaluations of clinical practices within every institution are essential and, therefore, public policy must encourage such evaluations by maintaining the confidentiality of committee activities. PMID- 1234721 TI - American Society of Law & Medicine 1975 annual oration. Medical eithics, malpractice, and emergency medical services: some Congressional concerns. PMID- 1234722 TI - Role and functions of the International Pharmacopoeia. AB - The role of a modern pharmacopoeia is to furnish quality specifications for drug substances and general requirements for dosage forms. The existence of such specifications and requirements is necessary for the proper functioning or regulatory control of drugs. Parmacopoeial requirements form a base for establishing quality requirements for individual pharmaceutical preparations in their final form. One hundred and forty independent countries are at present employing some 30 national and 3 regional pharmacopoeias. The aim of the international Pharmacopoeia issued by the World Health Organization as a recommendation, is to achieve a possibly wide global uniformity of quality specifications. The actual second edition of the International Pharmacopoeia was published in 1967 followed by a supplement in 1971. The Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations, which is the body established by the World Health Organization to advise on quality specifications for drugs, during its 25th meeting, held in November 1974, recommended that the new edition of the International Pharmacopoeia should primarily include: -specifications for raw material comprising active and inactive ingredients used in pharmaceutical products; -general methods and tests necessary to support such specifications. Work on the new edition of the International Pharmacopoeia will comprise the revision of existing specifications and requirements, establishing specifications for new pharmaceutical substances, as well as establishing chemical reference substances, necessary to support such specifications. The actual procedure foresees appropriate consultations among the members of the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on the International Pharmacopoeia and Pharmaceutical Preparations. Extensive consultations with pharmacopoeia commissions are taking place to achieve a possibly high degree of unanimity on a global scale towards the quality requirements for pharmaceutical substances. PMID- 1234723 TI - [Role and functions of the European Pharmacopoeia]. AB - Following an agreement between the Common Market on one side and the Partial Agreement of the Council of Europe on the other, it was decided in Rome in April 1963 to compile gradually a Pharmacopeia to be called "European", which would be mandatory in Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Switzerland joined the group in 1964. A Commission entrusted with full powers was created: each country is represented on it by a three-member delegation. It started its work in 1964, with prof. Marini-Bettolo as president. The work of the Commission was planned by approximately 150 experts, subdivided into about 15 groups of specialists in the various fields. The first volume was published in 1969, the second in 1971, followed by a supplement in 1973; the third volume was supposed to appear in April 1975 with another supplement planned for the end of 1975. The collection of these volumes will represent the first edition of the European Pharmacopeia and will consist of about 1,500 pages; half of these will cover general rules and the rest will include about 320 monographs. With the addition of Denmark and Ireland, which joined the Common Market at a later date, the European Pharmacopeia will be in force in an area with a population of 260 million. Any country belonging to the Council of Europe is entitled to join the Convention and several countries have already expressed the desire to do so. PMID- 1234724 TI - Role and functions of the Nordic Pharmacopoeia. AB - It was proposed as early as in 1860 that a common pharmacopoeia should be worked out in the Nordic countries but it took more than a hundred years before such a pharmacopoeia was published and put into force. Ever since that early date the Nordic countries have, however, been striving for common regulations in the drug field with more or less intensity. The accomplishment of the common pharmacopoeia is therefore to be regarded only as a milestone on the long way to complete conformity of the different national drug regulations. The Nordic Pharmacopoeia has definitely broken through the borderlines of the earlier national pharmacopoeias, which were designed for the activities of the pharmacies, and has obtained recognition as a work on drug standards possible to apply in the manufacture and control of drugs no matter where they are produced or controlled. The Nordic Pharmacopoeia thus has wider functions and a greater responsibility than the earlier pharmacopoeias. This depends partly on the pharmacopoeia itself, partly on the development in the field of drug control. On the other hand the Nordic Pharmacopoeia has left some of the tasks of the earlier pharmacopoeias to different national formularies, manuals and other sources of information. This applies especially to galenical preparations. As expected the Nordic Pharmacopoeia has facilitated drug trade in the Nordic countries to a certain extent and it is no doubt of greatest value in the different control activities of the national health authorities. It is also a guide-book and a reference work for manufacturers and control laboratories of different kinds. But this is what it should be, what it is intended to serve as. In addition to that the Nordic Pharmacopoeia has played an essential role in many other respects; not least as initiator of different progressive work and drawer of guide-lines for future development in the drug field. PMID- 1234725 TI - Role and function of the "Compendium Medicamentorum". AB - The increase of the co-operation among countries of Council for Mutual Economic Aid (CMEA = COMECON) in the area of drug production has forced these countries to elaborate a collection of unified quality specifications and test procedures for pharmaceutical preparations: the Compendium Medicamentorum (CM). The CM is in hands of the Expert Panel on Drug Standardization, the president of which is prof. J. Richter, head of the Institute for Drugs and Drug Control of the GDR, Berlin. It is issued in Akademie-Verlag Berlin in russian and german. The aim of the CM is to enable the multilateral contact among CMEA countries, above all on the basis of the specialization of drug production. PMID- 1234726 TI - [The problem of selection of monographs]. AB - The problem of selecting the monographs to be inserted in a pharmacopoeia does not actually exist on a national, but only on an international scale, as was realized during the compilation of the European Pharmacopoeia. The problems encountered at that time are discussed here. The first section of this paper describes the various principles, ideas and interpretations that are at the root of the divergent opinions expressed by the delegations at Strasbourg in facing this problem each time it comes up for discussion. These divergent opinions are centered mainly on the following: -developments and progress in the pharmaceutical profession; -differences existing among various national legislations; -basic concepts concerning pharmacopoeias; -more or less broad interpretations of the obligations set down in the Convention and in the General Rules of the European Pharmacopoeia; that is, in essence, the principle of the possibility of opposing the monographs and the application of this principle. On the basis of these considerations, the author advances, and tries to justify, the criteria that, according to him, should be adopted in order to arrive at common rules. The criteria are the following: -therapeutic interest, provided it is medically confirmed; -importance of usage, under the four specific aspects to be considered. On the subject of a new substance: -necessity that the product be produced by several manufacturers; there are three cases, where the rules to be observed have not been obeyed by all concerned. -obligation that the product be marketed in bulk, except in cases specifically established. While making this report, the author intends to emphasize the fact that a great effort is needed in order to narrow the gap separating certain points of view. PMID- 1234727 TI - Pharmacopoeia as a pharmaceutical code for public health authorities. AB - In every country drug control depends on the existence of technical norms which are generally represented by the Pharmacopoeia. In effects, since the beginning of XIII century, when the profession of pharmacist was for the first time established by law, pharmacopoeias have had not only the purpose of supplying the composition and the preparation of drugs, but also to establish and enforce the quality of the drugs. In the present times the pharmacopoeias adopted throughout the world by the different countries are intended mainly as a codex of specifications for the control of drug quality. These pharmacopoeias are national, regional and international. Nevertheless several difficulties can be found in the use of the pharmacopoeias for control of drugs, owing to the fact that not all the drugs, allowed and in therapeutical use are included in pharmacopoeias, and also because, in some cases, the final control is not sufficient to establish drug quality especially in the case of biological preparations. The existence of a Formulary or "Codex", beyond pharmacopoeia, may be of help for the control authorities but generally is not sufficient. Some suggestions are made in order to envisage a modern pharmacopoeia, considered as a dynamic collection of specifications of drug quality, always up to date, and thus in condition to fulfil its task for the need of the drug control by the health authorities in the aim of a better protection of public health. PMID- 1234728 TI - Pharmacopoeia as quality codex for the manufacturers. AB - Three are the basic features of a medicine legally introduced on the market: efficacy, safety and quality. With regarding to drugs listed in a national or international pharmacopoeia, the ratio between efficacy and safety, within the range of dosage established by the codex, must be considered as official by the industry. As far as quality is concerned, the pharmacopoeia plays a fundamental role in establishing methods of analysis and technical control intended as official reference in case of controversy. The quality of drugs, pharmaceutical adjuvants or preparations listed in a modern pharmacopoeia must be considered by the industry as the minimum level of the acceptable standard for medical use, to ensure efficacy under proper storage conditions. In fact, the specifications are largely based upon suggestions made by manufacturers. Pharmaceutical specialties, being registered by Health Authorities following suitable documentation, do not have to be subjected to the standards established by the pharmacopoeia for new drugs or formulation adjuvants. The constant effort of the manufacturers to minimize risks leads to optimum quality levels, considering that samples used for control by the Health Authorities are usually picked from commercial packages containing a small number of units. To ensure statistical compliance of every sample with official pharmacopoeial standards, manufacturers are forced to exercise the highest care in every process of production and packaging. There cannot possibly be a guarantee that every single unit at the consumer's disposal will actually comply with the quality level established by a modern pharmacopoeia. Optimum quality level in every package of medical products can be achieved by following the "Good Manufacturing Practice" sponsored by the WHO; this goal requires skilled people and sophisticated equipment. The practice of quality control as an essential part of the manufacturing process in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, provides an excellent experience that may be useful to the pharmacopoeial commissions. Therefore a closer co-operation between health officials and industry's experts must be considered the best way to improve the specifications, to speed-up the revision of monographs and to collect reports on stability tests. The part of a modern pharmacopoeia, devoted to tests and standards appears today as the most important for the pharmaceutical industry because, when a controversy arises about drugs, the official methods established by the pharmacopoeia play a fundamental role in the enforcement of law. The task of compiling each new edition of a modern pharmacopoeia is becoming increasingly difficult; to speed revision any time a problem arises, the revision committees may seek advice from the numerous experts of the pharmaceutical industry thus achieving a most profitable collaboration. PMID- 1234729 TI - Relations between sales authorisation and pharmacopoeia. AB - At a time when the production and distribution of drugs and drug products is no longer confined within the national boundaries of particular countries, many thoughtful people are concerning themselves with the idea of standardisation of quality control procedures and specifications. For medicines currently marketed in different countries, a multitude of standards and specifications for both the raw materials and finished products exists. Plans for the regionalisation of drug standards have been put into operation but realistic estimates of progress agree that it will be measured and dignified. In one area there is the possibility for earlier action in reaching agreement on adequate specifications. The process of registration of a new drug substance for the first time presents an opportunity to make known to drug regulation authorities, academic and industrial pharmaceutical specialists, and other interested parties, the qualities and characteristics of the newly proposed agent and its dosage forms. A wide range of information will be needed on the chemical, physical, biological and physicochemical properties of the dosage forms as well as the raw materials of the active and inactive ingredients. Many of these requirements have already been described (3). There may be apprehension that the disclosure of some of this information could imperil the confidentiality of certain manufacturing processes or trade secrets, and adequate steps would be demanded to prevent this happening. The promulgation of a standard, at or shortly after the time of registration, should have been preceded by experimental tests, in the laboratories of the Authority, to verify the robustness of the analytical methodology. In some cases more extensive confirmation by collaborative study may be warranted. The elaboration of these concepts will be presented and examples brought forward of problems that have occurred in the past, and means to prevent them in the future. PMID- 1234730 TI - Information chapters in pharmacopoeias. AB - Pharmacopoeias have been established by governmental authorities to serve three primary purposes: 1) to compile a select list of currently utilized drugs, including the most efficient forms for their application; 2) to distinguish these articles by convenient and definite names; and 3) to publish objective standards and analytical methods suitable for testing the integrity of commercially available preparations. In addition, some pharmacopoeias also offer informational text intended to instruct pharmacists on the compounding, use, storage and labeling of drugs; to advise physicians about dosage regimens and preferred modes of administration; to counsel producers about good manufacturing practices, and to edify drug analysts by explaining the theories underlying methods employed in compendial tests and assays. Examples of informational chapters in USP XIX are those on Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Stability Considerations in Dispensing Practice, and Sterilization. Because of the official status of national pharmacopoeias and their use as regulatory instruments in drug control, pharmacopoeial text intended merely for the information of the reader should be identified as such, and should be separated and distinguished from the mandatory, legally enforceable requirements. PMID- 1234731 TI - [General methods and specifications]. AB - The reasons are explained why general methods are described in pharmacopeias. With the help of examples taken from European Pharmacopeias, the United States Pharmacopeia, and the International Pharmacopeia, the author reports the general chemical and physical methods that were used in compiling these pharmacopeias. The description of these general methods, and particularly of the instruments, goes often beyond the actual bounds of a pharmacopeia and may fulfill a didactic function. The methods used in the various pharmacopeias, especially the chemical ones, are here compared and subjected to the author's critical analysis. The author explains also that technical progress in the analytical field should not be hampered by the rigidity of the pharmacopeia's rules; this can be easily avoided by resorting to alternate methods. PMID- 1234732 TI - The role of the pharmacopoeia in the control of pharmaceutical preparations. AB - Pharmacopoeia commissions have a responsibility to protect the public in the sphere of medicines against error, ignorance or fraud. This responsibility is discharged by defining the standards with which the substance shall comply when offered for medicinal use and the methods by which compliance will be adjudged. The pharmacopoeia is one instrument among several which have been developed by society for ensuring safety in the use of medicines. Others are: -control by legislation over the training and practice of pharmacists; -limitation of the supply of certain medicines to doctors' prescriptions; -the limitation of sale to pharmacists (in most European countries) of all but a small proportion of medicines; -inspection for licensing of premises in which medicines are manufactured; -evaluation by expert committees of the formulations proposed by manufacturers and registration of such formulations for sale; -analysis of samples of medicines on the market. Many pharmacopoeias, including those having the widest territoral application, include monographs on pharmaceutical preparations. Others restrict their interest to the substances used as medicines. The arguments in support of these policies have been examined. It is claimed that the pharmacopoeia has a valid regulatory function to perform which is not incompatible with but complementary to that of the registration system. PMID- 1234733 TI - Use of reference substances in pharmacopoeia specifications. AB - The use of reference substances in pharmacopoeial specifications has increased enormously during the last decade. In many cases the specification printed in a pharmacopoeia is worthless unless it is supported by a reference substance whose authenticity and integrity has been established beyond doubt and which is maintained and distributed in a satisfactory manner. The types of test procedure for which reference substances might be considered necessary will be reviewed and the criteria which such substances should be required to meet will be considered. Problems associated with the establishment, maintenance and distribution of reference substances for pharmacopoeial purposes will also be reviewed and the need for greater international collaboration in this field will be stressed. PMID- 1234734 TI - Biological standards and pharmacopoeias. AB - The use of standards in the control of biological substances is of particular importance because the potency of such substances cannot be adequately determined by physical or chemical means. For these substances, therefore, it is necessary to compare the activity or potency of a given quantity with that of a similar quantity of a standard or reference preparation to which a unitage has been assigned. In order to eliminate as far as possible the inherent variables in biological tests, especially in tests involving animals, the comparison between the standard and the unknown must be made in a single test. Furthermore it is essential that the biological activity of the standard has the same properties as those products for which the standard is used as a control. The master standards are the International Standards held by the World Health Organization and it is necessary to establish European or National Standards calibrated in International Units in order to conserve the stocks of the master standards. Criteria for the quality of preparations suitable as standards will be considered and some examples of their use will be presented. PMID- 1234735 TI - [Papillary edema in brain tumors]. PMID- 1234736 TI - [Ocular motility disorders in brain tumors]. PMID- 1234737 TI - [Etiologic diagnosis of oculomotor paralysis]. PMID- 1234738 TI - [Etiologic diagnosis of pupillary disorders]. PMID- 1234739 TI - [Ophthalomogic expertise in civil matters]. PMID- 1234740 TI - [Treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1234741 TI - [Ocular manifestations of cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 1234742 TI - [Military ophthalmologic expertise]. PMID- 1234743 TI - [The eye in stenoses and occlusions of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 1234744 TI - [Ischemia of the optic nerve]. PMID- 1234745 TI - [Value of fluorescence angiography in disorders of the papilla]. PMID- 1234747 TI - [Ophthalmologic cortege of homonymous lateral hemianopsia and its localizing value]. PMID- 1234746 TI - [Role of angiotomography in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas]. PMID- 1234748 TI - [Diagnosis of headache]. PMID- 1234749 TI - [Value of the ophthalmologic examination in closed head wounds]. PMID- 1234750 TI - [Writing medical certificates]. PMID- 1234751 TI - [Medical responsibility]. PMID- 1234752 TI - [Responsibilities of the surgeon in anesthesia in ophthalmology]. PMID- 1234753 TI - [Detection of malingering]. PMID- 1234754 TI - [Visual function in brain tumors]. PMID- 1234755 TI - Effects of pentobarbitone and decerebration on the clonidine-induced circulatory changes. AB - Clonidine 5 and 15 mug/kg i.v. was given to conscious rats, to rats under pentobarbitone anaesthesia and to decerebrated rats. Clonidine 100 mug/kg was given to conscious and to decerebrated rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded via indwelling catheters. The low dose of clonidine gave virtually no response in the conscious rats but produced hypotension and bradycardia in decerebrated and in anaesthetized rats. After clonidine 15 mug/kg the blood pressure of decerebrated rats decreased further, while conscious and anaesthetized rats showed a hypertensive response. The basal blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher in the decerebrated rats than in the conscious rats. After the highest dose of clonidine, however, the blood pressure of the decerebrated rats decreased below the basal level of the conscious rats and the blood pressure of the conscious rats increased above the basal level of the decerebrated rats. The results suggest that the hypotensive response is caused by a mechanism located in the medulla oblongata. At higher concentrations clonidine may elicit a hypertensive effect by activating suprabulbar centers. The importance of this suprabulbar effect is attenuated by pentobarbitone anaesthesia. PMID- 1234756 TI - Effects of E prostaglandins, diphenoxylate and morphine on intestinal motility in vivo. AB - The mechanism of the gastrointestinal motility effects of diphenoxylate and morphine in preventing E prostaglandin (PG) diarrhea was investigated. Duodenal motility studies were conducted in the anesthetized dog. Two contractile force transducers were oriented to record contractions from both the circular and longitudinal muscles. In some experiments the basic electrical rhythm (BER) was also recorded. Blood pressure was monitored from the femoral artery and drug injections were made in the femoral vein. Diphenoxylate shared with morphine the capacity to stimulate circular muscle contractions which correlated with the appearance of spike potentials on the BER. Prostaglandin E1 methyl ester (PGE1ME) showed marked relaxation of the circular muscle and abolishment of spike potentials. PGE1ME also blocked the stimulatory effects of diphenoxylate and morphine on the circular muscle. PGE1ME and PGE2 were found to be equally potent in producing diarrhea in mice. Diphenoxylate and morphine were found to be equally potent in inhibiting PG's diarrhea. These studies suggest that the constipating actions of diphenoxylate and morphine are a consequence of the increased circular muscle activity of the intestine. PMID- 1234757 TI - Acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in the neostriatum and substantia nigra revealed after punctate intracerebral injection of di-isopropylfluorophosphate. AB - Infusion of 1 mul arachis oil containing 1.5 mug bis-(1 methylethyl)phosphorofluoridate (di-isopropylfluorophosphate: DFP) into the caudate--putamen nucleus and substantia nigra of rats produced a considerable reduction of histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in these two brain regions 30--120 min after injection. Thereafter, regeneration of AChE occurred within the zone of DFP effect. These new stores of AChE were associated with discrete neuronal perikarya and their processes. Intracerebral DFP administration had little or no histochemically detectable effect on NADH diaphorase. Thionin staining was similarly unaffected. The results with punctate intracerebral application of DFP were replicated by intramuscular injection of 1.5 mg/kg DFP. Although the significance of dopaminergic--cholinergic interactions in the neostriatum could not be elucidated on the basis of these histochemical data, the thesis was advanced that dopamine neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra also contained AChE, possibly to inactivate acetylcholine released from cholinergic fibers afferent to this neural structure. PMID- 1234758 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the protective and antidotal actions of diazepam in organophosphate poisoning. AB - The effect of diazepam on soman-induced bradycardia and respiratory depression in rabbits has been investigated. Diazepam prevents the bradycardia produced by soman in conscious rabbits. Although atropine will reverse the respiratory depression produced by soman in anesthetized rabbits, diazepam enhances the depression and renders rabbits less susceptible to this action of atropine. PMID- 1234759 TI - Excitatory and depressant effects of dieldrin and aldrin-transdiol in the spinal cord of the toad (Xenopus laevis). AB - An investigation was made into the action of the insecticide dieldrin and one of its metabolites, aldrin-transdio, on the isolated spinal cord of the toad, Xenopus laevis. Conventional electrophysiological techniques were used for stimulating and recording of dorsal and ventral spinal roots. An augmentation of polysynaptic reflex activity along with a marked reduction of orthodromic postsynaptic inhibition could be demonstrated in preparations isolated from dieldrin-poisoned animals. However, application of dieldrin to the isolated spinal cord failed to produce any significant effect. Application of aldrin transdiol, on the other hand, caused a potentiation of spinal reflex activity and an increase in spontaneous activity of ventral and dorsal roots. Aldrin-transdiol also produced a marked reduction of spinal inhibitory mechanisms. The excitatory effects of aldrin-transdiol were followed by a strong depressant action on spinal excitability. PMID- 1234760 TI - Role of the ventral surface of the brain stem in the hypotensive action of clonidine. AB - The areas S of the ventral surface of the brain stem and the immediately surrounding zone were superficially destroyed by the means of electro coagulation, in 14 cats. This destruction produced a drop in blood pressure, which was transient in 9 and definitive in 4 animals; in one cat only the arterial pressure did not change after the destruction. In 6 animals which have been sham-operated, clonidine (15 mug/kg, i.v.) always induced a marked fall in blood pressure whereas in 10 animals which had maintained or recovered a normal blood pressure after the destruction of the area S, clonidine (15 mug/kg) injected intravenously no longer produced any decrease of the arterial pressure. These results suggest that the integrity of the areas S is necessary for the development of the hypotensive action of clonidine. This hypotensive drug may act, at least at the level of the ventral surface of the brain stem, through inhibition of a vasopressive structure. PMID- 1234761 TI - d-Amphetamine as a releaser or reuptake inhibitor of biogenic amines in synaptosomes. AB - The effect of d-amphetamine on the release of tritiated norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was analyzed in synaptosomes from different brain area. 3H-NE release was unaffected in the hypothalamus, a region which is rich in noradrenergic terminals, and in cerebellum and pons-medulla, but was substantially increased in corpus striatum and moderately in cerebral cortex. 3H-DA release was strongly enhanced in corpus striatum, a region rich in dopaminergic terminals, substantially increased in cerebral cortex, and slightly increased in the hypothalamus. Since the regional pattern of d-amphetamine stimulated release was similar with the two catecholamines, but the stimulation was greater with 3H-DA than with 3H-NE, and was more evident in areas richer in dopaminergic terminals, it is suggested that the drug can release 3H-DA or artificially stored 3H-NE from dopaminergic terminals, but not 3H-NE, from noradrenergic terminals. d-Amphetamine also seems capable of releasing 3H-5-HT from serotoninergic terminals. In contrast with the two catecholamines, 3H-5-HT release was more enhanced in cerebral cortex than in corpus striatum. PMID- 1234762 TI - Modifications of canine vascular smooth muscle responses to dihydroergotamine by endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Changes in tension were monitored isometrically on spiral strips from canine saphenous veins and arteries. Dihydroergotamine (DHE) (1.7 X 10(-8) M) contracted vein strips about 30% more strongly than arterial strips when the effects were compared to a standard noradrenaline (NA) response. Phentolamine (3.6 X 10(-6) M) reduced the DHE-induced contraction in veins by about 30% and in arteries by about 10%. Indomethacin (2.8 X 10(-7) M) reduced DHE-induced contractions in veins by about 60% but enhanced the DHE effects in the arteries. When arachidonic acid (AA) was added to stimulated vascular strips it caused further contractions in veins but relaxation in arteries. Both effects were inhibited after indomethacin. In veins AA was significantly more effective in the presence of DHE as compared to controls, to NA- or to KCl-stimulated strips. In arteries AA showed the strongest relaxant activity in the presence of NA. Low doses of prostaglandin E2, however, relaxed both venous and arterial strips. The results suggest that contraction of canine vascular smooth muscle is associated with synthesis of a prostaglandin-like substance of substances having constrictor activity in veins but relaxant activity in arteries and that in venous smooth muscle cells the formation of this material is enhanced by dihydroergotamine. PMID- 1234763 TI - Differential blockade of guinea-pig atrial rate and force responses to (--) noradrenaline by practolol - an uptake phenomenon. AB - The relative blockade of rate and force responses of guinea-pig isolated atria to catecholamines by practolol was compared. pA2 determinations revealed that with ( -)-noradrenaline as the agonist, practolol was more effective in antagonizing rate (pA2, 6.99) than force (pA2, 6.44). This difference was absent in either atria from reserpinized animals incubated with phenoxybenzamine and tropolone or atria incubated with cocaine. Similarly, when (--)-isoprenaline was the agonist, force and rate pA2 values were identical, suggesting that rate and force beta1 adrenoceptors do not differ. The preferential blockade of (--)-noradrenaline induced rate responses in untreated atria was attributed to the operation of a saturable neuronal uptake mechanism which differs between left and right atria. To avoid high (--)-noradrenaline concentrations encountered during pA2 determinations, the % reduction of responses to single doses of (--) noradrenaline by practolol were measured in untreated atria. Far from confirming the lack of receptor differentiation indicated by the pA2 determinations, this study revealed force to be more practolol sensitive. The relative merits of the two methods are discussed in an attempt to resolve the question whether rate and force beta1-adrenoceptors differ. PMID- 1234764 TI - Acute morphine effects on regional brain amines, growth hormone and corticosterone. AB - Morphine sulfate was injected in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg i.p. to male rats at 3:00 pm. At 4:00 pm, the rats were decapitated and norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin levels were measured in seven brain regions (cortex, striatum septum, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons). Growth hormone and corticosterone levels were assayed from plasma. Saline-injected animals served as controls. The only significant change in brain amine level was an increase in striatal dopamine which occurred after 5 mg/kg morphine. 20 mg/kg caused an increase in plasma corticosterone; lower doses were ineffective. The dose for maximum growth hormone release was 10 mg/kg, although all three doses were effective. It was not possible to relate changes in brain amine levels with these hormonal responses to acute morphine administration. PMID- 1234765 TI - Effects of ethanol on the secretion and mucosal blood flow of a denervated gastric pouch in the dog. AB - Mucosal secretion and blood flow of a Heidenhain pouch were measured in dogs after orally administered ethanol at doses from 0.25 to 2 g/kg of body weight. Under these conditions, the volume, free and total acidity of the gastric juice as well as mucosal blood flow increased linearly with the dose up to 1 g/kg. In all cases volume secreted and acidity chanm the other parameters and could not be correlated with blood flow. The influence of gastrin and the modification of membrane permeability are discussed with regard to these data. PMID- 1234766 TI - The influence of metiamide on ouabain cardiotoxicity. AB - The effect of metiamide on the cardiotoxicity produced by ouabain was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. The onset of ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation was significantly delayed in cats treated with metiamide as compared with cats that did not receive metiamide. Although the mechanism by which metiamide inhibits ouabain toxicity is speculative, the data suggest that histamine H2-receptor blocking agents may be useful as anti arrhythmic drugs in digitalis cardiotoxicity. PMID- 1234767 TI - Selective impairment of atrioventricular conduction by 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine and 2-(2-thiazolyl)-ethylamine, two histamine H1-receptor agonists. AB - To further characterize the receptor mediating histamine-induced impairment of atrioventricular conduction, the effects of two selective histamine H1-receptor agonists, 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine (PEA) and 2-(2-thiazolyl)-ethylamine (ThEA), were investigated using the isolated guinea pig heart. These effects were compared with those of histamine and other selective agonists. PEA and ThEA produced a weak stimulation of cardiac rate and contractility; however, they produced a marked prolongation of atrioventricular conduction. The orders of relative potencies observed substantiate the hypothesis that H2-receptors mediate the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects and H1-receptors mediate the negative dromotropic effect of histamine. PMID- 1234768 TI - Chronic morphine effects on regional brain amines, growth hormone and corticosterone. AB - This study was designed to examine the relationship between regional levels of brain amines (norepinephrine, NE; dopamine, DA; serotonin, 5-HT) and plasma hormone levels (corticosterone, CS; growth hormone, GH) in rats following chronic morphine administration (40 mg/kg twice daily). Rats were sacrificed at 4:00 pm (and the final injection was made at 9:00 am). Amine and hormone levels were determined after 1, 2 and 6 weeks of daily injections of morphine. Increased plasma CS was found after 1 and 2 weeks of injections and decreased GH levels were present after 2 and 6 weeks. In another 2 week study when morphine was administered 1 hr before sacrifice, plasma levels of CS were decreased and GH increased. Serotonin levels were decreased in all brain regions after 2 and 6 weeks of morphine administration and DA was decreased in the amygdala after 6 weeks. In 2 weeks treated rats injected 1 hr before sacrifice 5-HT levels had returned to control levels and DA was decreased. Inverse correlations were found to relate with 5-HT and CS levels, CS with GH levels and GH with brain DA. A direct correlation was present in GH and 5-HT levels. PMID- 1234769 TI - A new method for evaluating antitussives in cats using an electrode-cannula. AB - An emplaced laryngo-tracheal electrode-cannula was employed to induce and to measure cough in cats anesthetized with either sodium pentobarbital or Dial- urethane. Carbetapentane citrate, codeine sulfate and dextromethorphan hydrobromide were tested for antitussive action by this method. Relative antitussive potency obtained in order of decreasing effectiveness was dextromethorphan hydrobromide, codeine sulfate and carbetapentane citrate. PMID- 1234770 TI - Evidence for a cortical locus for the stimulus effect of nicotine. AB - This study investigated the stimulus properties of nicotine in the rat with the objective of determining the time course of the nicotine-produced interoceptive cue and its relationship to specific brain levels of the drug. The behavioral task employed was shock-escape in a T-maze apparatus. After the injection of nicotine entrance into the nicotine-correct arm of the T-maze resulted in termination of a 0.6 mA shock. When saline was administered, entrance into the opposite arm was rewarded by termination of shock. A high level of discrimination between nicotine and saline was obtained and the degree of discrimination was observed to decrease as the length of time period between nicotine administration and the test of discrimination was increased. This decline in discrimination was closely correlated with the decline in brain levels of nicotine in the cortex suggesting that the stimulus effect of nicotine is directly related to the concentration of nicotine in the cortex. PMID- 1234771 TI - [Genetic variations in fertility in merion sheep from Arles]. PMID- 1234772 TI - Depressed fertility in Icelandic sheep caused by a single colour gene. PMID- 1234774 TI - Report of the committee on international dietary allowances of the international union of nutritional sciences. PMID- 1234773 TI - The intensive care of the newly born. Physiological principles and practice. PMID- 1234775 TI - [Determination of serum digoxin concentrations using radioimmunoassay. Evaluation and application of the analytical method]. AB - The different laboratory technich for the determination of digoxin serum concentrations are analysed. Special emphasis is placed on the radioimmunoassay technic. The advantages and disadvantages of this technic are studied and the standard curves obtained in our determinations (n=39) are analysed. It can be seen that they can be reproduced in all cases with a high degree of similarity. The possible causes of error in this microtechnic are also analysed and a modification in the decanting fase, with which the number of repetitions in our laboratory has decreased, is suggested. Finally the criteria for the actual evaluation of the seric digoxin levels used in our laboratory are described and new possibilities in pharmacological investigation by this technic are mentioned. PMID- 1234776 TI - [Postoperative evaluation of Carpentier's mitral rings]. AB - 38 patients with Carpentier's ring inserted in the mitral position at surgery, are studied. The grade of the pre and postoperatory mitral murmur is correlated and compared with the radiographic size of the heart and left auricle as well as the pre and postoperatory angiocardiographic study. Only 3 (7'8%) of the 38 patients presented significant elevation of the pulmonary artery sistolic pressure together with important angiographic regurgitation. These three patients had to be operated on again, 60'52% did not present murmurs on these were grade I murmurs, while 76'32% did not present mitral reguritation. Only 8 of 14 patients with grade II sistole murmur in the postoperative period had grade II regurgitation. This no correlation was observed between the intensity of the murmur and the grade of angiocardiographic mitral regurgitation. We conclude that Carpentier's ring restores the mitral valve function to normal in the majority of cases and the angiocardiographic results are favorable. PMID- 1234777 TI - [Corneal ulcer as a complication of general anesthesia]. AB - The frequency of exposure queratitis over 177 patients in extracardiac surgery is determinate. Differents prophilactic methods are discussed. The best results are obtained with palpebral occlussion, and preious instillation of methulose solution. PMID- 1234778 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness of the LUNDH test in the functional examination of the exocrine pancreas]. AB - We have revised the diagnostic utility of the "LUNDH TEST" in chronic exocrine pancreatic disease. The results obtained by the different authors consulted suggest, that it is likely to be more useful in clinical practice because of its practical advantages. PMID- 1234779 TI - [Chordoid sarcoma of the femur. Electronic and optical microscopy study of a case]. AB - Areas of chordoma and chondrosarcoma have been reported extensively in the same tumoral mass located in espheno-palatine region. The same association in long bones of the extremities have been reported recently, with the name of "chordoide sarcoma", "parachordoma" or "chondroid chordoma". We present a case of "chordoid sarcoma". The cells of this tumor have morphologic features of chordoma and chondrosarcoma in both the optical and ultrastructural study. However some morphological, radiological and clinical aspects, suggest that this tumor possesses characteristics that define it as a separate entity. PMID- 1234781 TI - [Recurrent bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and pregnancy]. PMID- 1234780 TI - [Clinical evaluation of amiodarone hydrochloride as an anti-arrhythmia agent]. AB - 15 patients with ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias treated with Amiodarone hydrochloride via oral were studied. The results obtained show that in 86'6% of the cases the arrhythmia disappeared immediately, in 6'6% the arrhythmia disappeared late and in only one case the arrhythmia persisted. Statistical significance was found in the reduction of cardiac frequency as well as in the corrected QT interval for the frequency. The latter is an indirect consequence of the mode of action of the drug. The only side effect observed was the appearance of corneal opacification. It was demonstrated that this side effect is negligible when low doses which are equally effective are administered. The conclusion that Amiodarone is an excellent oral antiarrhythmic drug is reached. A daily dose of 400 mg during the first 20 days of each month with a rest of 10 days is recommended. In this way, the corneal opacification is minimal or nil. The possibility that the association of the drug with Quinidine could be effective in maintaining sinus rhythm post D.C. is suggested. PMID- 1234782 TI - [Initial results in the treatment of pituitary dwarfism using growth hormone]. AB - Ten cases out of 25 patients with stunted growth were proved to have total or parcial deficiency of human growth hormone. Inmunoradioassay levels were detected by stimulation with insulinic hypogycemia. Throughout a period of observation of 3 up to 12 months, they were treated with H.G.H. in proper doses and a favourable response were recorded in all of them, with statural increments ranging from 138% up to 500%. The responses were evaluated by mathematical analysis of the slopes of growth. Therapeutic results obtained from the cases of other different etiologies are also presented. PMID- 1234783 TI - [Analgesic and neuroendocrinal response in heart surgery: II. Adreno-medullary response]. AB - In fifty-five patients who had undergone open-heart surgery, plasma levels of catecholamines and urinary excretion of adrenalin and noradrenalin were studied. We have divided the patients in three groups, according to the analgesic administered during the operation: group A, patients anesthesized with Pentazocina; group B, with Morfine; group C with Fentanest. By determining these catecholamate levels, we have been able to show an increase in sympathetic activity in all three groups. However, during the peroperative period. Fentanest gave the smallest increase and Pentazocina the largest. The more prolonged analgesia of Morfine manifested itself during the post-operative period in a smaller elimination of adrenalin. We then studied the influence of Fentathinil on the sympatho adreno-medullar system. This recently-acquired analgesic, used in extracorporeal perfusion, grave a catecholamine elimination inferior to that found with Fentanest. PMID- 1234784 TI - [Analgesics and neuroendocrine response in heart surgery: III. Metabolic aspects]. AB - A study done in 121 patients undergoing extracorporeal perfusion heart surgery for the correction of valvular cardiopathies. In a first stage, we evaluated, in 77 patients, the influence of different analgesics on renal function, acid-base balance, glucemia and lactic acid. Afterwards we completed our observation with analysis of insulin in 44 patients. We observed no important difference in glomerular filtration rate, urinary output per minute, acid-base equilibrium, or oxigenation, according to administration of the different analgesics. After the glucose overload which the extracorporeal perfusion imposes, we observed a better insulinic response and consequently a faster recuperation of normal levels of glucemia in patients who received Fentathienyl. The lowest response was obtained in patients anesthesized with Pentazocina. In view of these results we can affirm that analysis if the inter-relation between glucose and insulin is a good exponet for evaluation of the grade of analgesic protection, offered by a drug, against nociceptive stimuli triggered by surgery. PMID- 1234785 TI - [Emergencies in internal medicine. General management in coma situations]. AB - One of the most important aspects of the Emergency Medicine is the coma status as much as intra and extrahospitalary ambient. The interest of om study is based according the hardness of anamnesis, and the severity of symptoms induced by a altered conscience and by the need of a emergency therapy. This work summarized the general semiology of the patient in order to diagnostic, severity and etiology of the coma. The general behaviour therapeutic and some criterions about an irreversibility is also studied. PMID- 1234786 TI - [Renal enzymology: experimental patterns and clinical symptoms]. AB - This is a study of the changes, both in serum and urine, of a wide enzymatic pattern whose origin is well known to be the renal parenchyma (LDH, LAP, AP and lysozyme), in the course of two experimental prototype lesions induced in rats. Simultaneously a similar enzymatic study was carried out in a group of patients with nephropathies. The experimental lesions were a toxic tubular dysfunction using a mercury salt and an immune glomerulonephritis of two types: by foreign proteins (human albumin) and by rabbit nephrotoxic serum. In all these cases, there has been a convincing evidence, both direct (histological and inmunofluorescent) and indirect (marked proteinuria), of the induced lesions which were similar to the experimental models reported in the literature. The isolated enzymatic changes we observed in serum made us conceed less value to this pattern in comparison to the urinary one which proved to be more important in our study. It was possible to define the following urinary enzymatic patterns for each of the experimental groups: a) The acute toxic tubular dysfunction has a marked rise in the activity of LDH and LAP, and less so in the activity of AP and lysozyme. The retarded tubular lesion has a moderate rise in LAP. b) The glomerular lesion has a moderate and exclusive rise in the activity of LDH and LAP. Likewise the clear similarity between each experimental group and its clinical equivalent was demonstrated as refers to the urinary enzymatic pattern. PMID- 1234787 TI - [Idiopathic and functional megaesophagus]. PMID- 1234788 TI - Initial surgical management of primary tumors. PMID- 1234789 TI - Differential diagnosis of tumor regrowth. PMID- 1234790 TI - Reoperation for primary tumors. PMID- 1234791 TI - Surgical management of metastatic tumors. PMID- 1234792 TI - Brain tumors: where have we been? Where are we going. PMID- 1234793 TI - Radiation therapy of metastatic tumors. PMID- 1234794 TI - Radiation therapy of recurrent gliomas. PMID- 1234795 TI - Clinical manifestations of intracranial tumors. PMID- 1234796 TI - Chemotherapy: intact and recurrent tumors. PMID- 1234798 TI - Diagnostic procedures. PMID- 1234797 TI - Immunotherapy of brain tumors. AB - The fight against neoplasia still represents a formidable challenge. At the present time the mechanism of cell-mediated immunity seems to offer the most promise. At the same time, one is cautioned by the implication that minimal cell mediated responses threaten acceleration of tumor growth. Therefore, one is impressed with the need for investigation of these approaches in a model system prior to their application to humans. The data currently available suggest that when active tumor growth is present within the host, a state of immune deficiency exists: cell-mediated immune responses may be quantitatively deficient or this response may be negated by the presence of blocking factor in the serum. Efficient and effective immune responses imply adequate cell-mediated immunity and the absence of blocking factor activity within the serum. PMID- 1234799 TI - Introduction. Ovarian cancer, an enigma wrapped in a puzzle. PMID- 1234800 TI - Histology of epithelial tumors of the ovary: clinical usefulness and prognostic significance of the histologic classification and grading. PMID- 1234801 TI - Diagnosis and staging of ovarian carcinoma. AB - The early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma will await the development of adequate and accurate screening tests. In the interval prior to development of these tests, ovarian cancers will frequently be discovered in an advanced stage. Improved methods of treatment must be based on an adequate trial of existing treatment methods founded on an understanding of factors influencing survival. FIGO stage grouping identifies many of these factors and should be used to identify patients with similar characteristics. Other prognostic factors such as tumor grade, volume of residual disease and the presence of ascites must be recorded and considered in evaluating therapeutic trials. The adoption of a routine method for patient evaluation and exploration may enhance the amount of information available for each patient and assure that adequate information is available with which to place the pateint in FIGO stage and substage. PMID- 1234802 TI - Usefulness of ultrasound in patients with ovarian cancer. PMID- 1234803 TI - Understanding the problem of understaging in ovarian cancer. PMID- 1234804 TI - The importance of second-look surgical procedures in the staging and treatment of ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 1234805 TI - The use of radioisotopes as adjunct therapy of localized ovarian cancer. PMID- 1234806 TI - External radiotherapy of ovarian cancer: standard approaches and new frontiers. PMID- 1234807 TI - Results of chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery in patients with localized ovarian cancer. AB - One hundred and forty-nine patients with early cancer of the ovary who were suitable for postoperative radiotherapy were treated in a random study in which whole abdominal irradiation with additional treatment to the pelvis was compared to chemotherapy with Melphalan. The number of patients without evidence of disease at 2 yr seems to show that the results of treatment are similar. When the Berkson-Gage method of projection is used, however, the survival rate in stage I is apparently improved with irradiation; there is only a minor difference in the results of the two methods in stage II, and survival rates are improved for patients with stage III disease who were treated with chemotherapy. The complications of treatment in this study were quite different. Melphalan was well tolerated, and only one patient had serious bone marrow depression as a result of this treatment. All had prompt recovery of blood counts to normal after completing the prescribed chemotherapy. Seven patients treated by radiotherapy developed a small bowel injury which required surgery. Six of these were treated with irradiation to the pelvis followed by strip irradiation to the entire abdomen. This treatment plan probably gives excessive doses of irradiation to the pelvis and has been discontinued. This type of complication is much less frequent with the other sequence of treatment--strip irradiation to the whole abdomen and subsequent treatment to the pelvis. The cost to the patient of the two treatment programs varied considerably. Patients who received irradiation had the added expense of living in Houston for the duration of treatment. Patients treated with chemotherapy were often seen a 2- or 3-mo intervals and had their chemotherapy supervised by their personal physician. PMID- 1234808 TI - Correlation between nerve terminal size and muscle fibers diameter in urodela extrinsic eye muscle. AB - Extrinsic eye muscles of newts and salamanders were investigated by means of electron microscope. It was possible to distinguish two types of muscle fiber tonic-slow and twitch-fast acting ones. It was shown that mioneural junctions in both types of fibers differ in their ultrastructural organization because of lack of post-synaptic infoldings on the surface of slow tonic fibers. After "cholinesterase" "staining" it was possible to measure the surface of junctional area and correlate it with the diameter of particular muscle fiber. The results show a positive correlation. PMID- 1234809 TI - Ultrastructure of the joint receptors of the tortoise (Testudo graeca. Emys orbicularis). AB - The ultrastructure of the spray-like ramified encapsulated corpuscles with the primitive inner core from the joint capsules of the large limb joints of the tortoise (Testudo graeca and Emys orbicularis) was examined. Each of the branches of the receptor consists of three components. Through the middle of the receptor branche runs the nerve terminal, containing in the receptor matrix numerous mitochondria, tiny light vesicles and neurofilaments and neurotubules running in the axial way. The nerve terminal gives off on some places among the inner core cells tiny finger-like processes. The axon is surrounded by the inner core cells and their irregular plasmatic processes. Among the inner core cells and their irregular plasmatic processes there is a labyrinth of spaces, connected centrally with the periaxonal space and with the boundary space on the periphery. The inner core cells are covered on the surface, turning to the boundary space by the basal membrane. The inner core has a very primitive structure, it still lacks the typical lamellar structure. The capsule of the receptor is formed by flat cells, which surround the inner core in 1--3 layers. Between the capsule of the receptor and the inner core is the boundary space, containihg sporadical collagenous fibrils. The structure of the spray-like ramified encapsulated corpuscles with the primitive inner core from the joint capsules of the tortoise is analogous to the simple lamellar receptors from the skin of some reptiles (Von During 1973, 1974). The primitive structure of the inner core of the joint receptors in the tortoise reminds of the structure of the inner core of the developing simple (paciniform) corpuscles (Polacek and Halata 1970) and Pacinian corpuscles (Malinovsky 1974). The observed nerve endings represent a primitive, early stage in phylogeny development of the lamellar mechanoreceptors. PMID- 1234810 TI - The activity of some dehydrogenases and NADH and NADPH tetrazole reductases in the seminiferous epithelium of reserpinized white rats. AB - Investigations on the effect of reserpine on the histochemical reactions to some dehydrogenases (succinic, lactic, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) as well as to NADH and NADPH tetrazole reductases in the seminiferous epithelium of white rats have been performed. A weakening of the dehydrogenase activities has been mainly observed in the young cells of seminal epithelium i, e. in spermatogone and spermatocytes. The changes in histoenzymatical reactions caused by reserpine may be the evidence of the inhibition of oxidation-reduction processes in the studied reproductive cells. PMID- 1234811 TI - [Epidermal ball cells of the Ascaphus truei Stejneger (Amphibia, Salientia, Ascaphidae) larva: a biometric contribution]. AB - 1. With regard to orientation the in the larva of Ascaphus truei characteristic excretory special cell (mucosa cell) was analysed in plain preparations of epidermis from head-trune in four test regions - praeoral, postoral, craniodorsal and post spiracle -, the speciman (stage 32 according to Gosner 1960) being investigated was excellently fixed, 50 cells at times biometrically are used therefore. The element with adequate safety must be called ball cell because of its shape. 2. Elements only praeoral present a more little volume dividing from other average (and more unimportant occurence of an outlet). In respect of frequency distribution of different big ball cells in whole material significant differences are missed. A definite size of volume independent of region is prefered. 3. In 69% of all ball cells being considered there is an outlet, the existence is not fixed to a definite volume of cell. Shape of opening in 88% is round to a little ellipsoidal, its size is reaching to 10% more than half of maximal flat plain of cells; with regard to regions differences are absent. 4. In 3 regions thereupon being investigated (postoral, craniodorsal and post spiracle) a real correlation exists between height of single ball cells and thickness of epidermis. PMID- 1234812 TI - Degenerative atrophy and regenerative proliferation in the rat spinal cord. PMID- 1234813 TI - [Macrophagic and neuroglial reactions during axonic degeneration following transection of corpus callosum: a radioautographic and ultrastructural study]. AB - The macrophagic and neuroglial reactions occurring in the corpus callosum following transection were studied by radioautography and electron microscopy in adult rats. The animals were killed at intervals ranging from two days to three months after operation. In the lesion itself and the immediately surrounding tissues an important proliferation of hematogenous macrophages was observed. Further away from the point of severance no significant numerical increase in the neuroglia could be noted. However the accumulation of glial filaments, lipid droplets and fragments of myelin sheath in the astrocytes seems to indicate that this type of cell plays a phagocytic role. As for the oligodendrocytes, there is no evidence of their participation in phagocytosis, whereas the microglia plays an important part. In the removal of the tissue debris the role and the origin of the macrophages and the microglia are discussed, as is the share of each type of cell in the phagocytic response depending on the extent of the lesion and the degree of axonal degeneration. PMID- 1234814 TI - [Autoradiographic studies of the effect of desmethylimipramine (DMI, Pertofran) on the incorporation of 3H-leucine into the rat brain]. AB - The influence of Desmethylimipramin (PertofranR) on the regional uptake of 3H leucine in different areas of rat brains has been investigated with autoradiographic methods. Male rats were injected 10 m/kg Desmethylimipramin (DMI, PertofranR) i.m. and 1 hr later 8,33 mCi 3H-leucine i.p.. 1 and 7 hrs after application 3H-leucine the animals were sacrificed. Concentrations of silvergrains of 3H-leucine activity were countered under surface illumination in varions brain areas by means of strippingfilmautoradiograms. DMI markedly depressed the concentrations of 3H-leucine-activity in all layers of the parietal cortex after 8 hrs and the depression was greater with the increase of nerv- and gliacellvolumendensity of the layers. Within 2 hrs such an influence of DMI on 3H leucine uptake could not be found. There was a smaller decrease of 3H-leucine incorporation after DMI applications in some layers of ammon's horn, dentate gyrus and cerebellum. Some further effects of DMI and IP (Imipramine) on components concerned with protein metabolism are discussed. PMID- 1234815 TI - Structure of muscle fibres and motor end plates in extraocular muscles of the grass snake, Natrix natrix L. AB - Six extraocular muscles of the grass snake, Natrix natrix L. together with their motor end plates were examined in the light and electron microscope, and the measurements of the diameter of muscle fibres and the area of their motor end plates were performed. Morphologically, two types of muscle fibres: tonic and red phase ones were distinguished. The former fibres, 2,3 to 14,5 mum in diameter possess single or multiple (up to five on a single fibre) "en grappe" motor end plates, without postsynaptic junctional folds. The latter fibres, 10...40 mum in diameter have single, "en plaque" motor end plates, with numerous postsynaptic junctional infoldings. The morphological features of muscle fibres and motor end plates as well as the correlation between the diameter of muscle fibres and the area of motor end plates are discussed. PMID- 1234816 TI - [Quantitative histological studies of the variability of Golgi-impregnated cortical neurons in rats and cats]. AB - Quantitative GOLGI-studies are executed about the layer V pyramidal neurons of the albino rat and the cat sensorimotor cortex. To this the length LP of the perikarya, the lenth LAD of the apical main dendrites, the spine-densities (spine dendrite-quotients) DQ and the length NZ of the spineless ("nude") initial zone of the apical dendrites are measured in several male animals descending of the same litters. The neuronal signs are compared within the specimens of the same age. There are no statistical significant differences (level: 0,05) between these neuronal signs in all specimens of the same age and species. Relating to the examined marks of the cortical pyramids it is allowed to decline the hypothesis of variability between animals (rats or cats respectively) of the same age and sex. By this it is legal and sufficient to examine only one specimen (animal) for each stage of age in histological researches of ontogenetic series. This specimen is representative to this stage of evolution. PMID- 1234817 TI - Scanning electron microscope observations of the rat subcommissural organ. AB - Under the scanning electron microscope, the rat subcommissural organ (SCO) appears as an oval zone, rich in kinocilia and well delimited from the non specific ependymal epithelium. This zone surrounds the cranial and posterior part of the mesencephalic canal's entrance. The ependymal cells of the SCO show coniform processes with microvilli and kinocilia. In contact with the apical pole of the peripheric SCO-ependymocytes lie scarce supraependymal axons. The Reissner's fiber is composed by the twining of the fibrillary structures emerging from the area of the SCO. PMID- 1234818 TI - [Expermental contribution on the genesis of arteriosclerosis caused by hypertension]. AB - Autoradiographic tests carried out on rats with renal hypertension using 3H proline resulted in an acclerated collagen synthesis by media cells of aorta and coronary arteries. Electronmicroscopically an increased content of collagen fibers and an enrichment of ruthenium-red-positive substances in the extracellular space were found. The 35S-sulfate-incorporation in aorta and coronary arteries of animals with hypertension is also increased. These changes in the extracellular space of the vascular wall have an atherosclerosis promoting effect, probably caused by a distrubance of the permeability. PMID- 1234819 TI - [Intratubular bodies in testicles of children]. AB - Intratubular bodies are not rarely to be found in testicles of children. They are 5 times more freqlently noticed scrotal ones. These storages frequently cause a swelling of the tubuli seminiferi, which are thatswhy called as Ringtubuli. With the help of the fluorescence - and polarisation microscopy and the laser microspectrochemical analysis examinations of the delicate tissue tock place. Intratubular bodies predominant consist of protein and they have an amorphous fine structure. PMID- 1234820 TI - The hypothalamo-hypophysial system in the ground squirrels, Citellus erythrogenys Brandt and Citellus undulatus Pallas. I. Microanatomy and cytomorphology of the gomori-positive neurosecretory system with special reference to its state during hibernation. AB - Microanatomy of the peptidergic hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in the ground squirrels, C. erythrogenys and C. undulatus, is similar to that of other rodents, but differs in details. Bundles of neurosecretory fibres with single neurosecretory cells along their course connect the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers into the one system. The dorso-caudal portions of the NPV reach the level of the columna fornix. The NPO is a special indepedent formation and appears to have some specific functions in the HHNS. The infundibular recess penetrates deeply ihto the hypophysial stem, but does not reach the posterior pituitary. The glandular epithelium of the tuberal portions of the adenohypophysis surrounds the median eminence and a considerable part of the lateral surface of the tuber cinereum. Different functional types of neurosecretory cells reflect certain phases of their secretory cycle. Correlations between their size, structure and the content of NSM are found. A low activity of the HHNS is observed in both C. erythrogenys and C. undulatus during December-January. A higher activity of the HHNS in torpid C. undulatus than in C. erythrogenys is established. This correlates with a difference in deepness of torpor in C. erythrogenys and C. undulatus. An important role of the HHNS in hibernation, i.e. in realization of adaption of species in ontogenesis is suggested. PMID- 1234821 TI - Nominal standard dose and tumor standard dose. Tables for radiation therapy planning and analysis. AB - The method of treatment planning for a predetermined NSD value is described in detail using various example-problems. The Fret tables allow the finding of the total number of fractions needed (NT) for the NSD. This is done through the NSD/d ratio, d standing for the fractional dose in rad. The Fret tables are for 1 to 7 fractions-per-week treatment schedules. The corresponding value of T (elapsed days) are shown for different week days of the therapy initiation with their respective Fret and NSD/d values. The handling of the rest and multi-rest periods is described. A method of finding the NSD value for a treatment which has reached the maximum connective tissue tolerance is described, covering even the most complex treatment plans. Fret-tumor tables for NSD-tumor and their use are described by appropriate example-problems. Ret equivalent therapy planning through direct NSD methods (Fret tables) and through an approximation method (tables provided) is described and the usage demonstrated by example-problems. The usage of parallel opposing and multiple portals is evaluated in ret-dose values (peripheral radiobiologic effect) and certain conclusions drawn to guide the therapist. These show in which situations all portals per session should be used and when alternate portals are more beneficial. The effect of portal weighting is included in this analysis. The application of ELLIS' NSD method for radium therapy is described. If, in the future, any changes in the power factors of the present NSD formula become necessary, the basic handling of the NSD problems described in this manuscript will remain unchanged. The values obtained from these tables can then be adjusted by the appropriate factors. PMID- 1234822 TI - The effect of glucose-1 phosphate calcium on the epiphyseal cartilage of the rat. AB - Electron microscopic investigations were carried out on the proximal tibial epiphyseal cartilage of albino rats treated with 2 mg G-1-P-Ca daily for one and three weeks. The treatment--enhanced the secretory activity of the upper cells of the zone of maturing cartilage with a consequential enlargement of the Golgi region, depletion of secretory products, and an increase in the number of microtubuli. --In addition, the treatment increased the number of matrix vesicles in the extracellular space showing incipient calcification. This findings confirm the earlier light micriscopic observation of the calcification stimulating effect of G-1-P-Ca. PMID- 1234823 TI - Effect of neonatal thymectomy on rabbit tonsils. AB - An intensive lymphocyte migration takes place through the venules lined with high endothelium and situated in the extrafollicular areas of the tonsils. After thymectomy the migration of lymphocytes is less marked and in the areas surrounding the vessels lymphocyte depletion, connective tissue proliferation and a disintegration of the intimate contact between reticular cells and reticular fibres can be observed. A similar lymphocyte depletion appears also in the epithelium. Similarly as the deep cortical substance of the lymph nodes the extrafollicular regions of the tonsils belong to the peripheral lymphoid organs. PMID- 1234824 TI - Structure of the osteocyte capsule in rats with hypervitaminosis-D and rickets. AB - A histochemical and topo-optical study was made of the changes of the osteocyte capsule (OC) of the cortical and spongious bone layers of the tibia and vertebra of rats with hypervitaminosis-D and rickets. In hypervitaminosis-D the number of stained OCs was found to decrease. After treatment with high doses of vitamin D, a broadening of the OCs was noted in the area of demineralizing bone. Under the polarization microscope a decrease occurred in the proportion of birefringent OCs, more marked in birefringence than in staining. Since bone demineralization due to vitamin D was not followed by a rise in the number of osteoclasts, it is concluded that osteocytic activity has an important role in demineralization as shown by the broadened OC. In rachitic rats considerably fewer OC took the stain and showed birefringence than in the controls. Thus, alteration of the OC structure disturbs the nutrition of bone tissue and thereby aggravates the pathological process. PMID- 1234825 TI - Selective 5-HT uptake by epithelial cells of the rat lung. AB - Some of the epithelial cells of the rat lung take up serotonin from the circulation whereas the precursor of serotonin, 5--HTP, or histamine and histidine are not taken up. The observations raise the possibility that serotonin accumulation could be a manifestation of the general potentials of the entoderm. PMID- 1234827 TI - Scanning electron microscopic investigation of thermal damage of the teeth. AB - Sound teeth were heated to 200 degrees C and 1300 degrees C and the gradually developing morphological changes have been studied. The cementum structure was destroyed at about 500 degrees C, the enamel structure between 700 and 900 degrees C, whereas dentine preserved its canalicular structure even after the inorganic salts had melted at 900 degrees to 1000 degrees C. At 1300 degrees C the mineral substances of the tooth were melting into atypical, globular formations. Scanning electron microscopic examination of dental residues damaged by high temperature seems valuable from forensic, criminological as well as anthropological aspects, since the origin of the finding can be determined, from a small fragment, the material can be identified with a tooth and conclusions can be drawn concerning the temperature inducing the damage. PMID- 1234826 TI - Balbiani's vitelline body in the oocytes of vitellogenic and nonvitellogenic females of the domestic fowl: a correlative cytological and histochemical study. AB - A cytological and histochemical study has been made of Balbiani's vitelline body in the oocytes of nonvitellogenic and vitellogenic females of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), which consists of yolk nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and lipid bodies of diverse nature. The yolk nucleus consisting of RNA, protein and lipoprotein shows the greatest development and morphological complexity in the growing oocytes of vitellogenic females. Its possible significance has been discussed in relation, to the variable metabolism and hormonal status of the female during sexual maturation. PMID- 1234828 TI - Spontaneous reversibility of advanced toxic liver cirrhosis. AB - The spontaneous restoration of liver cirrhosis induced by 6 and 9 month CC14 treatment has been studied. The OH-proline content of the liver stroma, the DNA content of the parenchyma, and the Co/DNA ratio were determined. Observations lasted for 4 months after completion of treatment. Cirrhosis developed after 6 month, CC14 administration was reversible in 3--4 months after the discontinuation of treatment; the normal stroma parenchyma ration had gradually normalized. Nine month treatment exhausted the capacity of the stroma for spontaneous recovery and the parenchyma regenerated to a lesser extent. Fibrosis remained practically irreversible 4 months after CC14 administration. PMID- 1234829 TI - Splenic lymphocytic response to acute haemolysis. AB - Adult albino rats, weighting 150--250 g, were administered a sublethal dose of copper sulphate, phenylhydrazine and anti-rat erythrocyta 1 serum by the intracardiac route to produce equivalent haemolysis of 3 mg se-bilirubin in 24 hr. The animals were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days and the spleen was studied with particular reference to the lymphatic sheath. Copper sulphate treatment was followed by an initial increase in the number of lymphocytes within the perivascular sheath, indicating a rapid mobilization of thymic lymphocytes. Later these lymphocytes displayed blastic transformation and increased mitotic activity. After phenylhydrazine treatment activity was slight. Antiserum caused a complete loss of lymphocytes which were then replaced and germinal centers were formed. Erythrophagocytosis did not play a part in the conversion seen after phenylhydrazine treatment. The response to antiserum was slow. As copper increases the glycolytic activity of the cell on raising the copper level the quiescent small lymphocytes are converted into metabolically active blast cells. PMID- 1234830 TI - Histopathological changes of some organs in the course of experimental Salmonella agona infection of rabbits. AB - Organ changes evoked by infection with Salmonella agona were evaluated in 30 rabbits. Pathological changes were found not only in the intestines but also in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidney and suprarenal glands. The changes were different from those induced by other serotypes of Salmonella. PMID- 1234831 TI - Mesenchymal reaction and serum glycoprotein concentration in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. AB - In liver biopsy specimens of 45 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis the number of lymphoid cells and fibroblasts as well as in the sera of the same patients the concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM, alpha-2-macroglobulin and coeruloplasmin have been studied. The number of lymphoid cells and fibroblasts, was significantly elevated in chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis; a close correlation could be demonstrated between the number of the lymphoid cells and the IgG concentration; the serum alpha-2-macroglobulin level changed parallel to the number of liver fibroblasts in chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. PMID- 1234832 TI - [Role of changes in pulmonary elasticity and increased bronchial resistance in the limitation of maximal expiratory flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 1234833 TI - [Study of proteolysis in the serum and bronchial secretions in chronic bronchopneumopathies and in various forms of primary pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 1234834 TI - [Etiopathogenetic factors in bronchial inflammation in histopathological evaluations]. PMID- 1234835 TI - [Acinus-gland PAS-positive gradient in the study of bronchial hypersecretion]. PMID- 1234836 TI - [Fibrinogen degradation products in pulmonary neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 1234837 TI - [Opaque left hemithorax]. PMID- 1234838 TI - [Functional rehabilitation in colostomy]. PMID- 1234839 TI - [Clinical trial of an ampicillin preparation with contemporaneous rapid and delayed action]. PMID- 1234840 TI - [Spontaneous perirenal hematomas: description of a case]. PMID- 1234841 TI - [Study of diffusion of aminosidine in the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 1234842 TI - [Value of the detection of leukocyte cylinders in the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1234844 TI - [Experimental research on parenchymal damage induced by ligation of a pulmonary lobar artery]. PMID- 1234843 TI - [Studies on the use of adriamycin in combined treatment of neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 1234845 TI - [Treatment of varices of the lower extremities with a new drug combination: hemotrypsin]. PMID- 1234846 TI - [Effect of UDPG on the oxygen consumption rate in rat and pigeon liver homogenates]. PMID- 1234847 TI - [Action of adriamycin on primary and metastatic pulmonary neoplasms and on neoplastic pleural effusions]. PMID- 1234848 TI - [Concentrations of aminosidine in human choledochal bile after a single intramuscular injection]. PMID- 1234849 TI - [Value of the use of ceruletide in patients undergoing cholecystectomy]. PMID- 1234850 TI - [Relations between colpocytological patterns in pregnancy and determination of human placental lactogen]. PMID- 1234851 TI - [Biliary concentrations of an amminoglycoside antibiotic: aminosidine]. PMID- 1234853 TI - [Toxicity of 3 antibiotics (amoxicillin, cephalexin, methacyclin) in pregnancy in experimental animals subjected to mild pyridoxine deficiency]. PMID- 1234852 TI - [[Latent B 1 hypovitaminosis in pregnancy: effects of antibiotic treatment]. PMID- 1234854 TI - [Riboflavin hypovitaminosis in pregnancy. Effect of antibiotics on animals subjected to a suboptimal vitamin diet]. PMID- 1234855 TI - [Use of cerulein in clinical radiology of the biliary tract: study of 60 cases]. PMID- 1234856 TI - [Clinical evaluation of aminosidine in orthopedics and traumatology]. PMID- 1234857 TI - Hypocalcemia and bleeding disorders in a uremic patient. PMID- 1234858 TI - Block of gonadotropic activity with a long-acting estroprogestogen. PMID- 1234861 TI - Gastric leukoplakia associated with fundal leiomyoma. PMID- 1234862 TI - Haemorrhage complicating anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 1234863 TI - [Basic elements of testicular physiology]. PMID- 1234864 TI - The urogenital system and notes on the reproductive biology of the female rufous rat-kangaroo, Aepyprymnus rufescens (Gray) (Macropodidae). PMID- 1234865 TI - Acquired digital fibrokeratoma. PMID- 1234866 TI - Keratinous cysts (report of two cases). PMID- 1234867 TI - Therapeutic trial of a group of indigenous plant extracts in recurrent herpes progenitalis. PMID- 1234868 TI - Giant condyloma acuminata (Buschke-Loewenstein tumour) of penis (report of two cases). PMID- 1234869 TI - Trichophyton simii infection in man in Calcutta. PMID- 1234870 TI - Congenital syphilis. PMID- 1234872 TI - A case of lamellar ichthyosis. PMID- 1234871 TI - A case of kerion with Trichophyton rubrum. PMID- 1234873 TI - Study on the distribution of single initial lesion of tuberculoid leprosy. PMID- 1234874 TI - A study on pemphigus (clinical & histological). PMID- 1234875 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in a male child (a case report). PMID- 1234876 TI - Treatment of ichthyosis hystrix (report of a case). PMID- 1234877 TI - Glucose tolerance in some cutaneous complications of diabetes. PMID- 1234878 TI - Malignant melanoma--an overview. PMID- 1234879 TI - Dermatoglyphicsin vitiligo. PMID- 1234880 TI - Use of "Novolep", a by-product of D.D.S., for the treatment of trophic ulcers (planter) in leprosy. PMID- 1234881 TI - Serum carotene level and its role in psoriasis. PMID- 1234882 TI - Sporotrichiosis. A histological study of four cutaneous cases. PMID- 1234883 TI - Work organization of heavy load handling in India. AB - The physical work rate, the energy and the cardiac costs of twenty-seven young male workers from the eastern part of India in five groups handling loads of about 30, 60, 75, 90, and 125 kg, respectively, were ascertained with the objective to rationalize the rate of work based on the physiological responses of the workers. The mean rate of usual work of the groups (I to V) was 4,715, 8,020, 7,350, 6,100, and 7,600 kg-m/min, respectively, which was considered to be extremely heavy. From the mean values of all the groups for the average work pulse rate of 143.1 beats/min, the recovery-pulse-sum of 119 beats for the first five minutes of recovery, the first and third minute recovery pulses of 127 and 114, respectively, the oxygen-pulse of 0.25 ml/pulse/kg, and the energy cost of 9.1 kcal/min, it was suggested that excepting the first group, the workers were working at a level much higher than the 50% level of their maximal working capacity. The simple and multiple linear correlation coefficients between the rate of work and the various physiological parameters were significant and different linear regression equations were suggested. In conclusion, for extremely heavy types of work in India, 1,200 kcal as the net optimal energy output in an 8-hr working day is suggested. PMID- 1234884 TI - Driving and subsidiary behavior of taxi drivers working alternate-day shifts. AB - A field study on taxi drivers working alternate-day shifts of prescribed duration of 16 hr of work revealed that most of them actually worked longer for 16 hr 50 min on the average, starting from 7:00 and ending later than 2:00. The mean hourly income greatly increased in hours later than 22:00 due to the increased fare per hire and higher speed, so that these hours were regarded by the drivers as the most important period of the day. This resulted in retarded mean bedtime of 5:31 after the shift end and in reduced sleep. The total rate of subsidiary activities of the drivers decreased during the middle of the day, but increased towards the shift end. Those activities having a relatively low rate at the beginning, such as subsidiary lower limb movements, shoulder-neck movements, and yawning, remarkably increased in the late evening and midnight hours. These activities increased even during frequent driving operations and tended to relate with each other, often recurring in bursts especially while feeling drowsy. The incentive wage system of the drivers thus accounts not only for the extraordinarily long working hours but also for intensified night work. PMID- 1234885 TI - Monotony effects of the work of motormen dlring high-speed train operation. AB - The results of investigations done in 1965, 1966, and 1972 on the workload of motormen of high-speed trains operating on railroads with maximum speeds of 210 km/hr were compared in an attempt to discuss the physiological implications of the driving task. The driving time of a 515 km section was 4 hr in 1965 and was lowered to 3 hr 10 min since 1966 for the fastest super-express trains. The mean heart rate was maintained around 80 beats/min during the entire driving period in 1965, but declined gradually in 1966 or 1972. Although in 1966 the operations at constant high speed appeared to favor cerebral activities, drivers in the 1972 investigation not only showed lowered perceptual and choice reaction performances but also experienced significant increase in errors in detecting signal tones given as a subsidiary task. Polygraphic recordings in 1972 indicated that drivers sometimes fell into drowsing of short duration intermittently, accompanied by temporary drop in heart rate, absence of controller action, and increase of detection errors. These effects were dominant in periods after 90 min of driving. The need to reduce the monotomy effects during underloaded train driving is suggested. PMID- 1234886 TI - Labor performance measurement in visual inspection and packing operations. AB - A methodological procedure for identifying and measuring the variables involved and their impact on labor performance in manual inspection and sorting operations is presented. The applicability of the procedure is shown as it applies in an analysis of canning asparagus spears. Worker output rates for any given spear size index tended to decrease along successive work stations, with exceptions where there were changes in proportion to specific sizes available. The canning performance was influenced by interactions among the size, positional line-load, and worker position variables as the product moved along the supply conveyer. Because linear regression equations computed to estimate the number of can per canner per minute were not effective in indicating the effect of spear size distribution nor that of interactions among other relevant variables, a more comprehensive model was developed to estimate cans per worker per minute as a function of line-load, worker position, and three binary variables representing interactions between these variables and spear-size indices. The results of this and similar studies may be used as a basis for suggesting better planning of raw product delivery schedules, introduction of innovative processes, and crew reorganization. PMID- 1234887 TI - The prediction of maximal oxygen uptake before and after physical training in children. AB - Maximal oxygen consumption (V O2 max) expressed in ml/kg/min and predicted V O2 max were determined before and after 8 weeks of training in 24 boys 10-12 years. Training involved 13 of them while 11 were controls. Predicted V O2 max was based on submaximal cycling heart rate according to the Astrand-Rhyming procedure. Pre training, V O2 max was underpredicted by 12 per cent. This resulted mainly from an apparently low cycling efficiency in these subjects compared to that implicit in the prediction equation. Although adjustments in the prediction equation could equalize the means for V O2 max and predicted V O2 max, the rather low correlation (r = .55) between these measures precluded the accurate prediction of individual scores. V O2 max remained unchanged with training while submaximal heart rate during bicycle and treadmill exercise showed a significant decrease, resulting in predicted increases in V O2 max in children. Since V O2 max was actually unchanged, the prediction falsely indicated an improvement. Furthermore, despite a significantly lower heart rate in the trained group, there was no difference in predicted V O2 max between the groups post-training. These findings indicate that if V O2 max is the parameter of interest, it would seem to be more satisfactory to measure it directly until more reliable methods of prediction are developed. PMID- 1234888 TI - Proceedings of the tenth annual conference of the human ergology research association [proceedings]. PMID- 1234889 TI - Influence of fatigue on electromyographic response by stretch reflex [proceedings]. PMID- 1234890 TI - Temperature regulation system in the human body and thermal environment [proceedings]. PMID- 1234892 TI - The distribution of households consisting only of the aged with references to their household structures [proceedings]. PMID- 1234891 TI - Veiws on the home economics education system on the basis of human ecology [proceedings]. PMID- 1234893 TI - The distribution of daily activities in patients with subacute myelo-optico neuropathy [proceedings]. PMID- 1234894 TI - Muscular work and its allowance [proceedings]. PMID- 1234895 TI - Spontaneous alternation of the working arm in cranking work [proceedings]. PMID- 1234896 TI - Motion and recuperation study in telephone exchange work [proceedings]. PMID- 1234897 TI - Study on the health state of children and their parents in urban and rural districts [proceedings]. PMID- 1234898 TI - The effects of urbanization on the physical fitness of middle-aged and elderly persons [proceedings]. PMID- 1234899 TI - Association between bladder tumors and chronic exposure to cresol and creosote. PMID- 1234900 TI - Study of abnormal laboratory findings in workers exposed to diazo developer chemicals. PMID- 1234901 TI - Urinary excretion of metabolite following experimental human exposures to DMF or to DMAC. PMID- 1234902 TI - Principles of behavior modification with individuals and smalll groups. PMID- 1234903 TI - Stressor effects of static work. PMID- 1234904 TI - Medical surveillance for occupational respiratory diseases. AB - Three simple procedures should be used to monitor industrial populations for the development of respiratory disease: (1) History, (2) chest x-ray, and (3) spirometry. The history should be complete and include occupational as well as medical information. Only a P-A x-ray examination of the chest is necessary. Accurate performance of spirometry with reliable equipment can provide useful evidence of physiologic impairment. Serial test results from each employee should be carefully compared to best assess the early development of occupational respiratory disease. PMID- 1234905 TI - Pulmonary evaluation of sandblasters. AB - A group of 32 sandblasters, all with over 25 years' experience, were compared with a control group of non-sandblasters. The evaluation consisted of chest x rays and pulmonary functions. The chest x-rays were graded in random sequence by a consultant radiologist according to the 1971 International Classification of Radiographs of the Pneumonconioses. Pulmonary functions analyzed were forced expiratory volumes (FEV 1) and forced vital capacities (FVC). Any chest x-ray changes noted were equivalent between the sandblasters and the control group. The FEV 1/FVC ratios revealed no significant differences between the two groups; however, when the FEV 1 and FVC were compared with predicted values, the sandblasters appear significantly reduced compared to the controls. The two groups were not comparable in two respects, ethnic background and smoking habits. Other groups have reported ethnic differences in FEV 1 and FVC. A second study, comparing Negro and Caucasian males, demonstrated a significant difference in pulmonary functions, confirming the previous reports. A third evaluation of pulmonary function and smoking habits demonstrated a significant reduction in pulmonary function tests in smokers. After corrections were made in the original study for differences in ethnic background and for smoking habits, no significant differences in pulmonary functions existed in the sandblasters compared to the control group. PMID- 1234906 TI - [Noradrenaline and adrenaline content in different areas of the heart in patients dying of myocardial infarct]. AB - Noradrenaline and adrenalin levels in different sections of the heart of persons deceased of myocardial infarction were measured, this being paralleled by determining the content of the said amines in the adrenal glands. It is shown that the noradrenaline level in the myocardium was down by comparison with controls during all periods of myocardial infarction studied. The most marked fall of the noradrenaline level in the heart muscle was noted to have occurred in persons who died in consequence of a progressive circulatory insufficiency. The authors believe that depletion of the noradrenaline reserves in the myocardium can be one of the causative factors in the development of cardiac insufficiency. An elevated concentration of adrenalin was found in the perinfarction region of the myocardium during acute period of infarction, especially 1-2 days following the onset of the latter. The highest rise in the adrenalin level was detected in individuals with repeated myocardial infarction evolving in a recurrent manner and complicated by well-marked arrhythmias. It cannot be ruled out that the amassment of adrenalin in the perinfraction zone may be causative of arrhythmias and recurrent lesions of the myocardium. In cases of myocardial infarction the catecholamines level in the adrenal glands is down, especially 1 more month following the development of infarction. PMID- 1234907 TI - [Evolution of a complete atrioventricular block in myocardial infarct and arteriosclerotic cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 1234908 TI - [Effect of inosine on the course of experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - On a model of experimental myocardial infarction produced through ligation of the anterior descending branch of the coronary artery it is shown that inosine is capable of raising the activity of a number of respiratory enzymes, chiefly in the extra-infarction sectors of the myocardium, as well as in the perinecrotic areas and in intact muscular elements within the necrotic zone. It also helps accelerate the formation of the post-infarction scar. Under the effect of inosine the integrity and functional activity of the mitochondria are improved, the noradrenaline concentration in the myocardium is normalized more rapidly, the processes of the myocardial hypertrophy develop successfully and the contractility of the heart muscle increases. Investigations were conducted on 108 rabbits and they included histological, histochemical, electron-microscopic, biochemical methods, as well as electrocardiography and determination of intracardiac hemodynamics. PMID- 1234910 TI - [Trace element content in the blood and organs in arteriosclerosis]. AB - The content of 10 trace elements was studied by employing the neutron-activation method and the lead level determined through the spectral analysis in the whole blood, aorta, the heart muscle, liver, intesties (small and large), in the pancreas, adrenal glands, the spleen, lungs of accident victims, among whom 87 were practically healthy and 91 had atherosclerosis. The latter demonstrated in a number of organs (especially in the aorta and liver) a reduction in the content, which increased with age and intensity of atherosclerotic changes, of nickel, manganese, zinc, cobalt, vanadium and iron and rise in the lead, gallium, copper, bismuth and bromine level. The disclosed data bear witness to a definite part played by a number of trace elements in the atherogenesis. PMID- 1234909 TI - [Contractile activity of the myocardium in chronic coronary insufficiency]. AB - Cardio- and hemodynamics was investigated in 69 patients with chronic coronary insufficiency without manifestations of cardiac decompensation and with symptoms of congestive incompetence of the heart by using radiocardiography and analyzing systolic phases of the left ventricle. Furthermore, fractional composition of myocardial proteins and the ATP-ase myosin activity were studied in 31 persons, who during their life-time suffered from ischemic heart disease. In patients presenting no symptoms of cardiac insufficiency significant changes in cardio- and hemodynamics along with a reduced content of the actomyosin complex proteins and their disturbed ATP-ase activity were uncovered. These changes proved more intensive in the face of manifestations indicating cardiac decompensation. Thus, a complex investigation of cardio- and hemodynamics enabled it to disclose initial disorders in the contractile activity of the myocardium in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency, when such disturbances are associated both with deranged utilization and with defective accumulation of energy in the myocardium. PMID- 1234911 TI - [Symptomatic hypertension, its origin and classification]. PMID- 1234912 TI - [Functional morphology of the myocardium in cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Changes in the functional morphology of the myocardium in patients on different stages of cardiac insufficiency were studied. Edema of sarcoplasm and destruction of ultrastructural organelles were observed in the muscle cells in progressing cardiac insufficiency. Significant shifts in the activity of some redox enzymes and changes in the fluorescence spectrum of the muscle fibres were demonstrated. Different correlations were observed in the morphological structure and tissue metabolism of the myocardium in the development of the compensatory adaptional reactions. PMID- 1234913 TI - [Diagnostic value of bloodless graphic methods of studying the heart and vessels in the early detection of circulatory insufficiency]. AB - Based on the experience gained in examining over 3000 patients with various cardiovascular diseases (hypertensive, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, heart failures of different etiology, etc) and upon literature sources a clinical grouping of bloodless methods of exploring the heart and vessels is given. At the root of the grouping is laid an investigation into the parameters of the cardio vascular activity. Attention is called to widely employed and well-approved methods, such as electrocardiography, echocardiography and to the ones holding good promise (magnitocardiography, contactless investigations of the arterio venous pulsation, etc). The authors believe the most informative bloodless methods of examination to be the ones that reflect the parameters of the cardio vascular activity in a direct way, whereas methods reposing on the study of secondary manifestations produced by the work of the heart and vascular system (ballisto-, dynamo-, cardiovectorography and others) appear to them less promising with their significance for the clinical practice being of minor importance. The "bloody" and bloodless graphic methods of examining the heart and vessels do not compete with each other, but are mutually complementary. The diagnostic merit of the methods in recognizing circulatory insufficiency increases by using functional load and pharmacological tests. PMID- 1234914 TI - [Use of cardiac glycosides in chronic circulatory insufficiency]. AB - Features specific for the action produced by the most widely employed cardiac glycosides (strophanthin, corglycon, proscillardin A, methyl- and acetyldigoxine, isolanide, digoxine and digitoxin) on the hemodynamics, peripheral resistance, electrolyte composition, acid-base equilibrium, the blood adenyl system, etc were studied in 375 patients with different stages of chronic circulatory insufficiency. The data thus made available allowed some suggestions to be made as to the choice of cardiac glycosides, the duration of their application, possible combinations thereof, and also to propose a number of measures aimed at preventing the development of poisoning with cardiac glycosides. PMID- 1234915 TI - [Glycoside treatment characteristics in circulatory insufficiency with inflammatory processes in the heart]. PMID- 1234916 TI - [Use of glucagon in cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Data derived from a study into the efficacy of glucagon in 50 patients with acute and chronic cardiac insufficiency are offered. In all of these cases there existed a grave cardiac insufficiency refractory to therapy with cardiac glycosides, mostly attended by deranged rhythm and conduction. Clinical and instrumental investigations (basic hemodynamic indices established through the dye-dilution method and integral rheography, polycardiography) proved glucagon to be a truly cardiotonic agent in dealing with patients of this category. A greater effect was achieved in cases involving acute cardiac insufficiency associated with myocardial infarction than it could be obtained in instances of a long standing chronic decompensation. The use of glucagon is particularly indicated in cases when cardiac glycosides produce complications, or cannot be employed due to the already existent derangements of the rhythm and conduction. PMID- 1234918 TI - [Early diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency with the spiroergometric method]. AB - Standard and submaximal physical load tests were contrasted in studying the functional state of the cardio-respiratory system in healthy individuals and in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, post-infarction cardiosclerosis, mitral lesions and cardiac-pulmonary insufficiency. The application of physical load tests of different types is shown to be instrumental in obtaining a mutually complementary information about the function of the cardiac-respiratory system and the degree of pulmonary and cardiac decompensation. The authors attach great importance to determining the ratio of an actual oxygen uptake to its proper values and suggest using this indicator, called by them performance capacity index, in quantitative appraisal of physical capacity to perform work. In recognizing early stages of circulatory insufficiency of considerable interest is determining the ratio of the venous blood concentration of lactate, pyruvate and some other biochemical factors to the amount of work done. PMID- 1234917 TI - [Treatment of resistant forms of cardiac insufficiency with a combination of diuretics]. AB - The possibility of treating resistant forms of cardiac insufficiency by a combination of furosemide and brinaldix was studied. The efficacy of the diuretics was appraised with reference to diurnal diuresis, sodium-potassium- and chloruresis on the days of taking the diuretics. In making investigations the method of dispersion analysis (permutation trial test) was used. The final results show that the proposed combination (80 mg of furosemide and 40 mg of brinaldix) is effective and warranted in dealing with patients resistant to many diuretics including furosemide. The action of this combination continues for a long time in the presence of signs of cardiac incompetence and is not accompanied by the development of a marked hypokalemia. PMID- 1234919 TI - [Renal factor in the early stages of hypertension]. AB - The paper deals with a study into the state of renal-pressor humoral factors and morphological changes in the kidneys at early stages of inception and formation of hypertensive disease. By applying the radioimmunological method of determining renin in patients with the IIA and IIB stages of the disease--two groups among them, with normal or an elevated renin activity and with its low level were recognized. In analyzing morphological features of renal tissue obtained through biopsy it was found that in 2/3 of patients with the IB and IIA stages of hypertensive disease no changes in the kidneys were demonstrable. In 1/3 of the patients there were in evidence organic alterations in the form of arteriolohyalinosis, proliferation and fibrosis of the intima, myoelastosis, myoelastofibrosis involving the media of intrarenal arteries of diverse calibre, dystrophic changes in the tubular system, partial glomerular hyalinosis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. PMID- 1234920 TI - [Vasorenal hypertension in children and adolescents]. AB - From among child-patients examined by the authors 41 were found to suffer from hypertension of vaso-renal genesis (58.5%). Major diagnostic tests were: functional intravenous urography, radioisotope renography, scintigraphy, angiography of the kidneys and also determination of the renin activity in the venous renal blood. The sole effective method of treating patients with vaso renal hypertension is surgery. PMID- 1234921 TI - [Disorder of erythrocyte membrane permeability in spontaneous genetic hypertension in rats]. AB - The efflux of 22Na from erythrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the ones of Wistar and Spra glue-Dawley aged 8 weeks was studied. The efflux rate of the isotope from erythrocytes with ouabaine blocked active transfer of ions was much higher in the SHR in the prehypertensive and early hypertensive stages than in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. These data suggest that, by comparisons with the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley the SHR have an elevated passive permeability of the erythrocytes membrane to sodium. The authors consider this fact as a possible indication of the presence in spontaneous hypertension of a more extensive defect of the membranous permeability which can prove to be a major cause responsible for activation of servomechanisms that keep up the arterial pressure at a high level. PMID- 1234922 TI - [Tubular functions in the regulation of osmotic and acid-base homeostasis in chronic hypertensive compensated glomerulonephritis]. AB - In 45 patients with chronic compensated hypertensive glomerulonephritis and in 184 others suffering from different clinical variants of the same disease the state of tubular functions controlling the osmotic and acid-base homeostasis was investigated. The objective was to assess in this connection the scope of renal processes in this connection the scope of renal processes peculiar to the hypertensive from that keep up these function, to reveal (by studying the materials of renal biopsies) the morphological substrate of the dysfunctional under consideration and also to determine its ossible importance in maintaining hypertension. As a criterion for the mass of active nephrons the magnitude of glomerular filtration (from clearance of endogenous creatinine with a minute-long diuresis of 1.5-2.5 ml/min) was used. It was established that, as distinct from the latent forms, in cases of benign hypertensive form of chronic glomerulonephritis, as well as in those of nephritic one, the ammonium excretion is halved and so is also the maximum osmotic concentration. Common to the hypertonic syndrome proved to be a particularly steep, by 70%, fall of CH2O. The disclosed disturbances, except for reduced excretion of "osmotically free" water, may be attributed to the nature of morphological changes inherent in this form of the disease, i.e. in the atrophy of the tubular epithelium and of the tubulo interstitial component. The major fall of CH2O is largely determined by an increased proximal transport of sodium and inhibition of this process in the distal part of the nephron. A derangement of the studied tubular functions may, though in part, be considered as a factor keeping up the arterial pressure. PMID- 1234923 TI - The immunological basis of acquired cellular resistance in some infectious diseases caused by intracellular parasites. II. Antigen modulation produced on cells of animals infected with several species of intracellular parasites other than Salmonella enteritidis. PMID- 1234925 TI - Antiviral compounds. IX. Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of bis amidinohydrazones of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. PMID- 1234924 TI - Antiviral compounds. VIII. Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of amidinohydroazones of alkoxybenzaldehydes and alkoxycinnamaldehydes. PMID- 1234926 TI - Studies on genetic recombinants of influenza virus: fundamental studies on recombinant influenza-virus vaccines. PMID- 1234927 TI - Properties of 6 N HCl solubilized collagen. PMID- 1234928 TI - Children in educational programs for the hearing impaired whose impairment was caused by mumps. AB - Mumps was reported to be a cause of hearing loss in 259 persons from a sample of 43,946 students enrolled in special educational programs for the hearing impaired. Males and young children appear to be more prone to deafening by mumps, and there may be a relationship between age of onset and degree of hearing loss. Overall, those deafened by mumps appear to have characteristics quite different from those of children deafened by other causes. PMID- 1234929 TI - Articulation development in children aged two to four years. AB - The articulation skills of 147 children aged 24 to 48 months were tested and the results compared with earlier classical studies and distinctive feature development. The results of the present study indicate consistently earlier age levels for the correct sound and feature usage than the previous studies, though the general sequences of development are strikingly similar in all studies. PMID- 1234930 TI - Central auditory deficits and temporal-lobe lesions. AB - The capacity of auditory pathways from the weak ear (ear with the suppressed score in a dichotic listening test) to transmit speech information to the cortical processing areas was examined on 10 patients with unilateral temporal lobe lesions. Three lines of evidence were developed to suggest that auditory pathways from the weak ear and speech information presented to the weak ear are not completely suppressed during dichotic stimulation. Speech in the weak ear frequently interacts with competing speech information in the strong ear causing contrasting articulatory features from the two ears to be blended into a single response. Two models of unilateral central auditory deficits are discussed: ipsilateral-suppression and transmission-line. PMID- 1234931 TI - Some suggestions on how to evaluate a transposer hearing aid. AB - The research presented here indicates that transposer hearing aids, which are now available commerically, might be helpful to some people. Specifically, it might help some people to detect the /s/, /integral/, /t/, /tintegral/, and possibly /k/ phonemes in speech. Any person considering the purchase of a transposer should be properly tested with one to determine whether the information provided by frequency transposition is helpful. It appears this evaluation cannot be done properly using procedures developed to evaluate a conventional hearing aid for a person with a mild or moderate communication impairment. Rather than outline a specific procedure, this report makes suggestions that a clinician might find useful when asked to evaluate the possible benefits of a transposer hearing aid for a client. PMID- 1234932 TI - Incidence of chronic hoarseness among school-age children. AB - A speech and voice screening of a kindergarten through eight grade Hebrew day school indicated that: (1) 38 (23.4%) of the 162 children in the school exhibited chronic hoarseness, (2) the incidence was higher in the primary grades, and (3) more boys than girls exhibited the disorder. Vocal nodules were diagnosed in 77.7& of the children examined by otolaryngologists. The findings of this and other recent studies indicate that a large number of school-age children, particularly those in the primary grades, exhibit chronic hoarseness. Futhermore, many such children may be expected to have vocal nodules. PMID- 1234933 TI - The establishment of fluency with time-out procedures: three case studies. AB - A successful application of time-out procedures is illustrated by three case studies with high school and college-age male stutterers. The method of administering the time-out procedure is described in detail, and typical results are illustrated by data collected from clinical sessions. Modifications of the basic procedure are tested and their results discussed. PMID- 1234934 TI - Panendoscopic feedback in the study of voluntary velopharyngeal movements. AB - A videopanendoscope system was used to record velopharyngeal movements and to display those movements to subjects who produced them. Three normal adults were studied as they attempted to produce nonspeech velopharyngeal closure by use of two maneuvers: (1) laryngeal fixation and (2) modification of an elicited gag reflex. A rating system was devised to extract data from the videotapes. The findings indicated that subjects were able to utilize the videopanendoscopic feedback to guide voluntary velopharyngeal movements. The velopharyngeal movements were accompanied by larynx displacement and other neck muscle contraction. The uvula was observed to contract during some motor acts. PMID- 1234935 TI - Speech and language findings in a chronic hemodialysis patient: a case report. AB - The speech and language findings in one patient who underwent chronic hemodialysis therapy are presented. The patient's degenerating physical status was first signaled by stutteringlike repetitions. The speech diagnosis is mixed dysarthria, apraxia of speech, and aphasia. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 1234936 TI - Selected speech and fundamental frequency characteristics of patients with acromegaly. AB - Selected speech characteristics of patients with acromegaly, a relatively uncommon endocrine disorder resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone, are described. In patients with acromegaly, increased quantities of circulating growth hormone may cause hypertrophy of multiple bodily structures, including components of the phonatory and articulatory apparatus. Speech recordings of 11 patients with acromegaly (six women and five men) were subjected to fundamental frequency and articulation analysis. Despite clinically apparent lingual hypertrophy in each of the patients studied, no speech articulation errors were found. In contrast, acromegaly appeared to produce a lowering of voice fundamental frequency (fo) characteristics in some, but not all, patients. Women exhibited more striking changes in fo than did men. PMID- 1234938 TI - A biofeedback treatment for stuttering. AB - Auditory feedback of laryngeal muscle tension was found to reduce stuttering dramatically in an exploratory study of a single patient. Amplitude of EMG signals was similarly reduced. Apparently, the therapeutic effect of biofeedback cannot be attributed to masking, distraction, or suggestion. PMID- 1234937 TI - An abbreviated impedance bridge technique for school screening. AB - The hearing of 539 children were screened by conventional audiometric techniques and an abbreviated form of impedance audiometry. Otoscopic examination and estimates of the cost to accurately detect hearing loss were used as critieria for comparing the two methods. The impedance technique detected 94% of hearing disorders, the audiometric, 24%. Projections of cost included a factor for number screened. These demonstrated that the impedance technique was less expensive and approached one-sixth the cost of the audiometric technique at a rate of 10,000 children per year. A routine application of the impedance technique in an ongoing hearing conservation program (N = 2712) supported the initial conclusion that it was more effective and more easily employable than audiometric screening. One child who passed impedance screening was shown to have a 50-dB sensorineural loss. It was concluded that an abbreviated form of impedance audiometry that includes a single high-frequency screening tone is the technique of choice for school screening. PMID- 1234939 TI - A technique for assistance speakers of Chinese to speak Chinese esophageal speech. PMID- 1234940 TI - Articulatory rate in the evaluation of stuttering treatments. PMID- 1234941 TI - Comment on "spectrographic analysis of fundamental frequency and hoarseness before and after vocal rehabilitation" by Morton Cooper. PMID- 1234942 TI - The communication game: dump and play. AB - Communication entails much more than formulating a linguistic code to map underlying intents. It entails the utilization of a role-taking attitude in reconciling communicative obstacles that arise from significant speaker-listener discrepancies in form or code, reference or representation, and license or acceptability. Young children communicate in a "talk to" fashion that essentially is issuing or dumping messages. As role-taking attitudes become acquired, communicative efforts change from merely dumping messages to active resolution of communicative obstacles in an effort to achieve the message of best fit for a particular situation. PMID- 1234943 TI - The language-disordered child in relation to Muma's "communication game: dump and play". PMID- 1234944 TI - The applied communication game: a comment on Muma's "communication game: dump and play". AB - We now have technology available to teach speech and language skills to children. We cannot always expect children to carry over or generalize this training and spontaneously use this "trained language" in communication situations, so we now must develop technology for teaching interpersonal communication skills. This report commented on a model presented by Muma (1975). Illustrations were presented that should help clinicians train more effective interpersonal communication. The applied communication game provides an objective procedure that utilizes the natural consequences in communication situations to improve communication skill in handicapped children. PMID- 1234945 TI - Anticipatory middle-ear reflex activity from noisy toys. AB - Middle-ear reflex activity was measured in 14 listeners in response to visual and acoustic exposure to each of seven noisy toys (such as a cap gun, party horn, cow bell, and so forth). Anticipatory middle-ear reflex (AMER) activity was a common occurrence. Normal middle-ear reflex generally occurred after the sound exposure. AMERs generally occurred in the two seconds prior to sound exposure but as early as 10 seconds before sound exposure. Loudness ratings and exposure SPLs were obtained. The presence of acoustically evoked middle-ear (ME) reflex activity and AMERs to the toys was generally unrelated to SPL or reflex threshold. Many reflex responses occurred in response to exposure SPLs below reflex threshold and with low anticipated loudness rating. PMID- 1234946 TI - Articulatory-defective children's discrimination of their production errors. AB - Discrimination and production performance of seven severely misarticulating children was analyzed in terms of errors in distinctive features and phonemes. Their performance on the McDonald Deep Test of Articulation and a minimal pairs discrimination test was also compared to the performance of children without articulation errors on the same measures. The normal children performed equally well in production and discrimination. However, the articulatory-error children performed poorly on the production test but performed almost as well as the normal children on the discrimination test. A discrepancy in articulatory-error children's production and discrimination of their error phonemes was obtained. They discriminated features and phonemes they did not produce. Clinical relevance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1234947 TI - Imitation and language development: issues and clinical implications. AB - The relationship between imitation and language learning is of both theoretical and clinical interest. While current psycholinguistic accounts give imitation only a limited role in language learning, learning theorists and others continue to refer to imitation as a major factor in the child's acquisition of language. Clinicians deal with imitation in modeling procedures as well as in counseling parents about how to promote children's language development. A review of theory and research on the nature and development of imitation reveals wide variation in terminology, definitions, and explanations. The clinical use of imitation procedures have greater significance for the acquisition of communication skills than for the development of linguistic structure. PMID- 1234948 TI - Warble tone as an audiometric stimulus. AB - Pure-tone and warble-tone thresholds were compared for 198 normal-hearing inexperienced adult listeners at six frequencies at octave intervals from 250 through 8000 Hz. Results of the analysis of variance procedures showed statistically significant differences (p less than 0.01) for the test frequencies 500, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz. Although significant differences were found at four of the six test frequencies, mean differences were quite small, the largest being 2.3 dB at 8000 Hz. This finding is thought to support the notion that the audiologist may use warble tone with stimulus parameters up to and including frequency deviations of +/- 5% with modulation rates of five per second to measure thresholds, which are directly comparable to pure-tone thresholds for patients with normal hearing and those with relatively flat hearing loss. PMID- 1234949 TI - Auditory responses of infants. AB - Forty infants, aged three through 12 months, participated in a study designed to differentiate the auditory response characteristics of normally developing infants in the age ranges three to five months, six to eight months, and nine to 12 months. Their selection was based on a determination of normal development upon pediatric examination and from the results of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. The results confirmed that a predictable developmental pattern as a function of age in the first year of life is observable despite the wide variability that may occur in a given child. Increased knowledge of these developmental milestones in normal-hearing infants should add to more effective programs of early identification and management of hearing-impaired children. PMID- 1234950 TI - Diagnostic report writing. AB - This article reviews purposes and types of diagnostic reports and provides guidelines for report writing. Report writing varies greatly depending upon the examination itself and the clinician's style of reporting. Such variation is acceptable as long as professional standards are maintained. The basic guidelines of report writing are: (1) the organization should provide for easy retrieval of specific information; (2) the terms and categories should be free of ambiguity; and (3) only terms in common use by professional should be used. Lack of uniformity, bad writing, inappropriate terminology, and overstatements are the basic problems of report writing that may be overcome through practice, study of sample reports, and courses in report writing. PMID- 1234951 TI - Transfer of /r/ across contexts. AB - This study was designed to determine if training on any one specific /r/ allophone would result in transfer to other /r/ allophones without specific training. Twelve grade school children who were unable to imitate correctly the /r/, /sigma/, and /gamma/ allophones in 40 stimulus items during baseline served as subjects. A multiple baseline was used: six subjects served as controls while six were trained, after which the first six were trained. Each subject received training on a randomly assigned syllable representing a specific allophone of /r/. After training, generalization to the untrained /r/s was assessed. Since most subjects increased the number of correct responses to items in several allophonic categories regardless of the specific allophone taught, the different allophones of /r/ may be members of the same response class rather than independent of one another. PMID- 1234952 TI - A spondee list for determining speech reception threshold without prior familiarization. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to select a list of spondees from the CID W 1 spondee word list that eliminates the need for familiarization but produces spondee thresholds equivalent to those obtained with familiarization. Forty-eight subjects with normal hearing responded to familiarized and unfamiliarized spondee words at their familiarized spondee threshold levels. Spondee words that were correctly identified most often without prior familiarization or whose correct response rates were least altered by familiarization were selected for the final list. Seventeen words were selected from the criteria of the present study; two of these words were excluded from the final list since they did not fall within the recommended 4-dB range. The 15 remaining spondee words without familiarization produced spondee thresholds equivalent to the entire CID W-1 list with familiarization in a direct comparison of the two lists in 20 subjects with normal hearing. PMID- 1234953 TI - Hearing assessment with young children. AB - This study evaluates the efficacy and reliability of auditory stimulus-response control training and assessment procedures with young children (nine to 25 months). The problems encountered in training stimulus-response control are discussed. Results indicate that reliable interest data can be obtained from young children using stimulus-response control procedures. PMID- 1234954 TI - Recovery of auditory function following meningitic deafness. AB - Two cases are presented that document improvement in hearing following Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. In both cases vestibular function was permanently lost. The possible anatomical and physiological sites of involvement are discussed. The two cases stress the importance of regularly scheduled audiometric reevaluations in cases of postmeningitic deafness. PMID- 1234955 TI - Questions regarding criteria for dismissal from voice therapy. PMID- 1234956 TI - A different view of "auditory processing factors in language disorders". PMID- 1234958 TI - Rocking chair therapy for beginning stuttering. PMID- 1234957 TI - Comment on A.D. Martin's "some objections to the term apraxia of speech". PMID- 1234959 TI - Acupuncture and sensorineural hearing loss: a review. AB - Recent reports concerning the use of acupuncture as a possible treatment for sensorineural hearing impairment were reviewed and evaluated. It was concluded that acupuncture has no effect upon the hearing ability of individuals with sensorineural losses. Further, it was suggested that subjective feelings of improvement represent a placebo effect resulting from the application of a treatment that patients believe might work and not from acupuncture itself. PMID- 1234960 TI - Prediction of most comfortable loudness levels in hearing aid evaluation. AB - Most comfortable loudness levels (MCLs) are used to determine the gain required in hearing aids. The relationship between MCL and the midpoint between pure-tone threshold and threshold of discomfort was evaluated to see if the MCL could be predicted from the midpoint values. The range of differences between midpoint and MCL precluded making such predictions. PMID- 1234961 TI - Cultural influences in the development and treatment of stuttering: a preliminary report on the black stutterer. AB - A behavioral analysis of a group of stutterers revealed speech behavioral differences that appeared to be culturally determined. Two general types of stuttering behavioral patterns were differentiated. The stuttering behaviors characteristic of the first pattern were overt repetitions and prolongations with a moderate number of secondary characteristics that were also overt and of the same relative degree of severity as the prolongations and repetitions. The second pattern was characterized by prolongations and repetitions that were more covert and by a larger number of secondary characteristics that were considerably more severe than the repetitions and prolongations. While 85% of the first pattern, Group I, were white stutterers, 79% of the second pattern, Group II, were black stutterers. These results are explained by important black cultural elements such as (1) the importance of oral skills, (2) the importance of manifesting emotional "coolness," and (3) the cultural rejection of disfluent speech patterns. The authors believe that, generally, the forces within the black culture tend to be in opposition to currently practiced stuttering treatment procedures. PMID- 1234962 TI - Cineradiographic assessment of articulatory mobility in the dysarthrias. AB - This paper describes cineradiographic techniques for the assessment of articulatory mobility in dysarthric subjects. Sample data for the mobility ranges of articulatory points on the tongue, lower lip, and jaw are presented for four normal speakers and four dysarthric speakers. In addition, fleshpoint displacements during the articulatory movements of the dysarthric subjects are used to illustrate abnormalities in the range, rate, and direction of speech movements. Discussion of the point-parameterized cineradiographic data emphasizes possibilities for the clinical evaluation of dysarthric impairments. PMID- 1234963 TI - Auditory-visual perception of speech. AB - Hearing-impaired persons usually perceive speech by watching the face of the talker while listening through a hearing aid. Normal-hearing persons also tend to rely on visual cues, especially when they communicate in noisy or reverberant environments. Numerous clinical and laboratory studies on the auditory-visual performance of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children and adults demonstrate that combined auditory-visual perception is superior to perception through either audition or vision alone. This paper reviews these studies and provides a rationale for routine evaluation of auditory-visual speech perception in audiology clinics. PMID- 1234964 TI - Use of a high-risk register in newborn hearing screening. AB - High-risk newborns were routinely screened for hearing loss by observing their behavioral responses to a 3000-Hz warbled tone at 90 or 100 dB SPL. Infants were identified as high risk if they presented any of the conditions listed by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Screening or if they were placed in the special care or intensive care sections of the newborn nursery. During the program's first 12 months, 17% of the total newborn population were included in the screening, and 7% of those screened failed to respond. Approximately half of the infants who failed the screening returned for follow-up testing. No hearing loss has been identified among these infants. Special steps have been required to improve the screening's effectiveness. PMID- 1234965 TI - A case against teflon injection to lower vocal pitch. AB - A patient with severe hoarseness was seen three months after Teflon injection of both vocal folds had been performed elsewhere to lower an abnormally high pitch. Pitch analysis utilizing voice spectrography revealed no significant drop in fundamental frequency. The hoarseness is presumed to have resulted from disparate glycerin absorption, inflammatory changes of the folds, and asynchronous vibration of the folds. Vocal fold injection to increase fold thickness and lower pitch is not a simple technique and is not advised until all parameters have been thoroughly studied. PMID- 1234966 TI - The use of visual feedback in establishing normal vocal intensity in two mildly retarded adults. AB - A voice-activated relay was used to provide visual feedback of vocal amplitude for two subjects who habitually used very soft voices. The relay system caused a light to go on when vocal intensity was 65 dB SPL or greater. Both subjects demonstrated significant increases in their use of normal vocal intensity. One subject was able to transfer this progress to spontaneous conversational settings. Though some difficulties in generalization and automatization were evident, this system is recommended for use with persons exhibiting functional intensity deficiences. PMID- 1234967 TI - The effects of sophistication on Type V Bekesy patterns in simulated hearing loss. AB - Forty-five normal hearing subjects were divided into three groups according to sophistication regarding Bekesy audiometry in simulated hearing loss. Both standard pulsed (200 msec on/200 msec off) and lengthened off-time (200 msec on/800 msec off) were compared with a continuous tone tracing at 1000 Hz. Data revealed a general decrease in the number of Type V patterns observed as sophistication increased. PMID- 1234968 TI - Language therapy for children: some thoughts on context and content. AB - A presentation of ideas on the ideal context for language therapy for children, this paper explores in detail the importance of teaching child language, centering language therapy in the present, teaching words with empirical significance to the child, attempting to provide a language context which is generative to unassisted later language learning, and finally, teaching communication, not merely to language skills. In addition a sample core lexicon is presented which was designed to relate the above contextual aspects of therapy to psycholinguistic strategies of language therapy. PMID- 1234969 TI - Analysis of a father's speech to his language-learning child. AB - This study analyzed the speech of a father to his language-learning child. Father to-child speech was taped daily over a two-week period when the child was three years old. Results indicated that declarative (35%) and interrogative (34%) sentences occurred most often. Smaller percentages of exclamatory (9%) and imperative (6%) sentences were found. The father rarely repeated his own utterances and almost never expanded his daughter's utterances. The child rarely immediately imitated her father's utterances. Comparisons are made of aspects of father-to-child speech with mother-to-child speech as reported in previous investigations. PMID- 1234970 TI - Patient-controlled delivery of monosyllabic words in a test of auditory discrimination. AB - Normal- and sensorineural-hearing subjects repeated monosyllabic words under a conventional and subject-controlled method of presentation at 0, 8, 16, and 44 dB SL. Results of the study revealed little difference between discrimination scores obtained with the two methods of presentation. Discussion of clinical relevance was concerned with (1) saving of time, (2) standardization of test, and (3) favorable subjective reports of the new procedure. PMID- 1234971 TI - Reply to Block and Gould's "vocal therapy in lieu of surgery for contact granuloma: a case report". PMID- 1234972 TI - Comment on "the expressive portion of the NSST compared to a spontaneous language sample". PMID- 1234973 TI - Comments on "analysis of a father's speech to his language-learning child". PMID- 1234974 TI - The relevance of markedness. PMID- 1234975 TI - Comment concerning "incidence of chronic hoarseness among school-age children". PMID- 1234976 TI - [Experimental malnutrition: biochemical and anatomic-pathological results of feeding a protein-deficient diet to young albino rats]. PMID- 1234977 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) of long development]. PMID- 1234978 TI - [Current concept of the role of the hygienic-epidemiologic service under special conditions and of the protection of human environment]. AB - The contemporary role and tasks of hygienic-epidemiological service are the outcome of the significant social, demographic, economic and health changes as a result of general social development. Natural phenomena such as elemental catastrophies, pollution of human environment, permanent threat of breaking out war at different places, all these set special tasks and determine the role of hygienic-epidemiological service. The contemporary role of the hygienic epidemiological service is to provide scientific approach to the efficient solving of topical hygienic-epidemiological problems originated in newly-made ecological conditions, disturbed balance in nature, and also in changes of social structure of population. The tasks of the hygienic-epidemiological service are classified according to the role and purpose of each institution and according to the territory where the institution is situated, all these depending on situation (regular or special). In regular situation they have the tasks which are concerned with protection of the living environment and they include prevention of the mass deseases, contagious and other. In special situation they are concerned with catastrophies such as floods, earthquakes, breaking out of grow epidemics, occurence of quarantine diseases and other, and their aim is to prevent or at least to lessen the consequences caused by these catastrophies. PMID- 1234979 TI - [Elementary protection of the youngest children must be undertaken by the child health center]. PMID- 1234980 TI - [Absenteeism and pathological conditions during pregnancy. Experiences at the Pregnancy Consultation Health Center "Boris Kdric"]. AB - Looking at numbers we come to the conclusion that out of 1656 pregnant women the majority of 1003 or 60.56% was followed by different pathological conditions, where imminent miscarriage was present in 752 cases or 74.9%. With employed women the percentage of illnesses is 69.58% whereas with the unemployed it is only the half 35.1%. The number of pregnant women who were absent from work was 654 or 76.85% with a total of 66.739 days sick leave, averaging 102 days of sick leave per pregnant woman. At the same time, there were 241 or 24.02% of hospitalised patients with a total of 5.200 hospital days, the average being 26,6 hospital days per hospitalised pregnant woman. The absence from work of pregnant woman is not only of medical nature but is a much complex problem, says the author. PMID- 1234981 TI - Long-acting narcotic antagonist complexes. AB - We evaluated the ability of close to 100 organic acids to form water-soluble salts with methadone, cyclazocine, naloxone, naltrexone and, more recently, diprenorphine. About half the acids yielded insoluble salts. Polybasic acids affording insoluble salts were evaluated for their ability to form drug:acid:metal complexes with the polyvalent metal ions, Zn++, Al+++, Mg++ and Ca++. Optimum conditions for forming complexes have been developed and the consistency of their composition has been established. Salts were analyzed spectrophotometrically for drug content, and complexes were analyzed for drug and metal content. The in vitro degree of dissociation at equilibrium was measured for the preparations suspended in a simulated physiological buffer, pH 7.3. Preparations of the narcotic antagonist drugs showing relatively low degrees of dissociation in vitro, since it early appeared that a high degree of dissociation contraindicated a prolonged duration of pharmacological action, were evaluated in mice after intramuscular administration at several dose levels by the mouse tail flick test for the potency and duration of their morphine antagonist activity. Our most promising preparations to date, showing the most prolonged durations of action without evidence of gross toxicity, are naltrexone zinc tannate and naltrexone aluminum tannate. These are undergoing detailed evaluation as potential clinical candidates. Thus far, the most useful of several dosage forms studied is s suspension in an aluminum monostearate gel. PMID- 1234982 TI - Sustained release of naltrexone from glyceride implants. AB - Solid dispersions of naltrexone in natural glycerides were used to form injectable implants which continously release narcotic antagonists in vivo. The dispersions were formed and tested either as small cylindrical pellets, e.g. 1x3.0 mm in size, or as particles with diameters in size ranges between 125-250 mu, that are suspended in an aqueous methyl cellulose solution. Both types of implants delivered naltrexone to mice at rates that were effective in blocking the antiociceptive action of morphine for at least one month. The rate of naltrexone release was controlled by altering its concentration in the dispersion and by varying the glyceride composition. Degradation and absorption of the implants were found to depend on their composition, dimensions and location in the body. No appreciable tissue incompatibility was seen in mice, rats, rabbits, monkeys and swine, even when long-lasting preparations were removed a year after treatment. PMID- 1234983 TI - Use of synthetic polypeptides in the preparation of biodegradable delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists. AB - Synthetic polypeptides consisting of copolymers of glutamic acid and leucine have been shown to be useful materials for the fabrication of practical, biodegradable delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists. Model delivery vehicles in film form were prepared from copolymers containing 10 mole percent to 40 mole percent glutamic acid, and loaded with 10% to 40% naltrexone by weight. The naltrexone was found to be released by diffusion, exhibiting diffusion coefficients that varied as a function of the glutamic acid content and the initial naltrexone loading. A wide range in diffusion coefficients were achieved (0.31 x 10(-7) cm2/hr to 120 x 10(-7) cm2/hr), leading to release rates within practical ranges of interest for meeting the program goals. We have demonstrated that the polypeptides can be fabricated into dosage forms that are amenable to administration by trochar. For example, rods 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm in diameter containing as much as 40% naltrexone by weight were extruded using a simple compression mold and die arrangement. An in vitro evaluation of the rods showed that antagonist is released by diffusion at a continuously decreasing rate, a behavior similar to that observed with the film devices that were, nonetheless, capable of blocking an AD80 challenge of morphine sulfate in mice for more than 30 days. One of the most promising delivery vehicles that we have developed to date consists of a polypeptide tube filled with a naltrexone/polypeptide core. Preliminary experiments have shown that these devices may be capable of administering high, constant rates of release for prolonged periods of time. Additional work, however, is required to develop techniques for the preparation of reproducible delivery vehicles. PMID- 1234984 TI - [Premature labor caused by multiple honeybee stings. (Are provoked labor and following premature birth really caused by multiple honeybee stings?)]. PMID- 1234985 TI - [Biomechanical changes following surgery in the lumbosacral region]. PMID- 1234986 TI - [Instability and dysplasia of the hip joint (studies in 9693 infants)]. PMID- 1234987 TI - [Position of the talus and calcaneus in congenital foot malformations]. PMID- 1234988 TI - [Relationship between allergy and surgical lesion in experiment]. PMID- 1234989 TI - [Variations between the maxillary sinus and the ethmoidal labyrinth in x-ray pictures]. PMID- 1234990 TI - [Determination of pregnancy from a blood stain]. PMID- 1234991 TI - [The syndrome of keratoconjunctivitis, superficial moniliasis and Addison's disease]. PMID- 1234993 TI - [Classification of dynamic factors of the iris-trabecular meshwork]. PMID- 1234992 TI - [Problems of education in sensory medicine]. PMID- 1234994 TI - [Practical use of conjunctival tests]. PMID- 1234995 TI - Tumor induction in immunologically privileged sites. PMID- 1234996 TI - Proliferative parameters relevant to cancer therapy. PMID- 1234997 TI - Different types of DNA -synthesis and their importance in cancer growth and therapy. PMID- 1234998 TI - Investigations on partial synchronization in ascites tumors of different ploidy and in solid transplantable tumors. PMID- 1234999 TI - Experimental investigations with anti-cancer drugs for carcinogenicity with special reference to immunedepression. PMID- 1235000 TI - Critical survey of experimental data on in vivo synchronization by hydroxyurea. PMID- 1235001 TI - Experimental and clinical results of chemotherapy after partial synchronization of cell proliferation. PMID- 1235002 TI - Problems in the treatment of slow-growing tumors. PMID- 1235003 TI - Adverse reactions to cytostatic agents. PMID- 1235004 TI - Methodological problems in the quantitative assessment of carcinogenesis in long term studies. PMID- 1235005 TI - [A case of autoerotic fetishism: psychodynamic evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - This paper presents a psychodynamic evaluation of a case of fetishism, whose main features are the homosexual or autoerotic choice of the fetish (hair), social and occupational maladjustment and occurrence of epysodes of psychotic depression. After a survey of the literature, with particular emphasis on psychoanalitic and psychodynamic approach, the authors discuss the diagnostic problems presented by this case and decide for a diagnosis works as a largely unsuccessful attempt to escape psychotic regression. In contrast with the situation which prevails in most cases of fetishism, there is no satisfactory adjustment to social and occupational life; the mecanism of ego-splitting is found to be impaired. The authors stress the importance of Kohut's recent contributions to the study of the early phases of narcissism for a better understanding of the differential diagnosis between psychosis, character disorders and perversions, Kohut's narcissistic personality disorders and "borderline syndrome". PMID- 1235006 TI - [Typhoid encefalopathy followed by permanent memory defects (author's transl)]. AB - An 18-years-old girl suddenly became comatose and afterwards presented stlpor, complex hyperkinesias and aphonia lasting 15-20 days. The clinical picture was that of an acute encephalopathy which was found to be due to typhoid fever. Follow-up showed severe permanent memory impairment and some degree of mental deterioration, but no longer evidence of basal ganglia signs. PMID- 1235007 TI - [Infantile neuro-axonal dystrophy: anatomo clinical study of one case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Seitelberger's infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (a rare familial neurologic disease of childhood) is described. The clinical picture is characterized by a progressive deterioration of psychomotor functions leading to flaccid paraplegia with hypotonia of axial muscles, complete involution of language, and total loss of communication with the external world; death due to recurrent unassociated disease occurred at the age of 4 years. Histology showed numerous axonal spheroids mainly in the gray matter of the C.N.S. and plurisystemic degenerations of the motor and sensory systems, of the cerebellum, of the basal ganglia, and of specific sensory system such as the optic and (reported here for the first time) of the olfactory and acoustic systems. In particular, the main histopathological findings included: 1) a characteristic distribution of axonal swellings prevailing in the posterior horn of the spinal cord and in the dorsolateral portions of the medulla oblongata, mainly at the level of the sensory nuclei; 2) demyelinization of the pyramidal tracts and of the ascendings pathways of the sensory system with fibrillar gliosis and myelin breakdown products in some areas (internal capsule, pes pedunculi, VPL thalamic nuclei); 3) severe cerebellar atrophy with almost complete loss of granule and Purkinje cells and marked fibrillary gliosis; 4) presence of enormous amount of sudanophilic lipids in the striatum and pallidum; 5) optic, acoustic and olfactory system degeneration with demyelinization and gliosis at all levels examined and, in particular, sudanophilic lipid deposition in the optic radiations, trigone, and olfactory striae. The discussion emphasized the dying back type of evolution of the degenerative process insofar as a) the spheroids represent a peculiar alteration of presynaptic endings (as demonstrated by electron microscopy) prevailing at the first sensory neuron, and b) in all systems involved, the degeneration is most marked at distal levels. The striato pallidal lipophanerosis suggests that the sudanophilic lipids are, here as in other systems, parenchymal degeneration products. On the other hand, there are still many unresolved problems in this rare and complex disease, such as a) the predilection of the lesions for the sensory systems which in our case involved all three special senses; b) the extreme cerebellar atrophy; and c) the etiopathogenetic substrate of the process. All biochemical and histochemical studies have not yielded any results up to the present. PMID- 1235008 TI - [Axial computerized tomography with high resolution matrix (160 x160)]. AB - The evaluation 1250 patients investigated with computerized tomography reveals a very high detection rate with brain tumours and other intracranial space occupying lesions. From 246 brain tumours 238 = 96,7 per cent could be diagnosed in the plain scan. After contrast enhancement only one false negative case, a tumour of the corpus callosum, remained. With emergency cases and neuropediatric diseases computerized tomography is the most informative investigation at all. The high definition matrix 160 x 160 in connection with the patient's movements correction has led to further improvement of resolution and visibility of details of intracranial anatomy and pathology in CT-scans. PMID- 1235009 TI - [Significance and margin of error of echoventriculography in children up to 3 years of age]. AB - Comparative ventricular measurements were made on 43 small children and infants between the ages of 0 and 3 years, the methods used being those of pneumoencephalography and enchoventriculography. The number of cases that could be analyzed was 31. Good agreement of the results for the third ventricle was obtained in 64.5 per cent and for the lateral ventricular index, in 80.6 per cent of the cases. More or less satisfactory agreement of the two methods provides against making a clear decision in favor of one or the other method. Good agreement was observed between the results of repeated echoventriculographic examinations on 31 normal children. From these results as well as from th results of echographic examination on hydrocephalic children it can be concluded that echoventriculography is a reliable method of diagnosis even in those cases in which it is routinely applied to both inpatients and outpatients. PMID- 1235010 TI - [Brain scintigraphic check-ups during inflammatory CNS diseases to prove absence or presence of brain abscesses and subdural empyemas]. AB - Methods of instrumental diagnosis, which are used to provide evidence for the absence of complications associated with inflammatory processes of the central nervous system and which often give unsatisfactory results in addition to being accompanied by major risks, are compared with long-time scintigraphic reexaminactions which involve no danger to the patient examined by this method. This comparison has been made from the point of view of workers at a department of neuroradiology of a clinic of neurosurgery. Process-like developments into abscesses or empyemata as well as mixed conditions may be readily diagnosed by cerebral scintigraphy so that it is sufficient to make only one single angiographic examination which, if necessary, may be directly followed by neurosurgical intervention. PMID- 1235012 TI - [Traumatic intracranial aneurysm]. AB - The case of a traumatic aneurysm in the region of the terminal branch of the middle cerebral artery, which was due to parietooccipital fracture of the skull, is reported. The criteria of the traumatic origin of this aneurysm are discussed. PMID- 1235011 TI - Cerebral actinomycotic granuloma. AB - A rare case of primary cerebral actinomycosis is presented. Pathologically the most important finding is represented by two types of lesions occurring in the same granulomatous mass without abscess formation. The possibility of an associated infection by actinomyces israelii and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans or lignieresi is discussed. PMID- 1235013 TI - Proliferation mechanisms of the human endometrium -the relationship between DNA synthesis in glandular, stromal cells and perivascular structure. PMID- 1235014 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations on human placental villi. PMID- 1235015 TI - Malignant ovarian tumors in pregnancy. PMID- 1235016 TI - Choriocarcinoma after full-term delivery. PMID- 1235017 TI - Primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube. PMID- 1235018 TI - An evaluation of the new highly sensitive hemagglutination method for assaying urinary hCG and LH. PMID- 1235019 TI - A case of recurrent hydatidiform mole. PMID- 1235020 TI - Averaged fetal electrocardiogram obtained by direct lead in fetal distress diagnosed by fetal heart rate pattern. PMID- 1235021 TI - Uteroplacental blood flow in normal and prolonged pregnancies pursued with tracer microspheres. PMID- 1235022 TI - Histochemical localization of monoamine oxidase activity in the human genital organs. PMID- 1235023 TI - [Effect of alloxan diabetes on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids from linoleic and arachidonic acids in rat liver and testis (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of alloxan diabetes on the desaturating, elongating, and elongating desaturating activity of the microsomes of rat liver and testis was studied. Linoleic and arachidonic acids were tested. It was found that in both liver and testis linoleic acid was desaturated to gamma-linolenic acid (18:3) when the conditions were exclusively desaturating. Diabetes deceased the 6-desaturase activity of both tissues. In elongating and desaturating conditions linoleic acid was converted to 18:3, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, 22:2, 22:5 and 24:2 in both tissues. Alloxan diabetes decreased the activity of the reactions controlled by the 6 desaturase reducing the conversion to 18:3 in both tissues and to 20:4 only in liver. The elongating reactions were not significantly modified. When only elongating conditions were tested, either liver or testis synthetized only 20:2, 22:2 and 24:2 from linoleic acid and 22:4 from arachidonic acid. The elongating activity for both fatty acids was not decreased by diabetes. Therefore, it was proved that alloxan diabetes interferes with the metabolism of linoleic acid in both tissues, decreasing only the desaturation reaction, whereas the elongation of the fatty acid is not reduced. PMID- 1235024 TI - Role of the autonomic nervous system in the inotropic variations induced by the infusion of angiotensin II. AB - Inotropic effects of angiotensin II were studied in 26 anesthetized dogs with different conditions of autonomic activity. The values of maximal velocity of contraction (Vmax TP) were compared before and 10 minutes after the arterial pressure was elevated by the infusion of the drug. In eight dogs, previously treated with atropine and reserpine, the administration of angiotensin had no effect on mean values of Vmax TP. Nine animals submitted to ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium presented an improvement of myocardial contractility when angiotensin was infused. In nine dogs studied with intact nervous system, infusion of the drug was accompanied by decrease of mean values of the index. It was concluded that the polypeptide exerts no important physiological effects upon myocardial contractility without the mediation of the autonomic nervous system. It was considered that the positive inotropic effect verified in dogs under ganglionic blockade was due to adrenergic hyperactivity induced by angiotensin. The depression of the contractile state observed in intact animals was supposed to be mediated by variations of autonomic nervous system activiity consequent to baroreceptor reflex. PMID- 1235025 TI - Effect of nonelectrolytes and tonicity on hydrosmotic properties of toad bladder. AB - Water flow was measured gravimetrically in toad bladder sacs incubated in solutions of different ionic content. Substitution of Ringer's solution by isotonic and hypertonic nonelectrolyte solution increases water permeability markedly and depresses the effect of ADH on this structure. This effect is not reversible returning to Ringer after a preincubation for 3 hours in these solutions. It is also found, to a lesser extent, in Ringer made hypertonic with NaCl. Such effects are prominent when nonelectrolyte solutions are applied to the serosal medium; when applied to the mucosal side only, isotonic nonelectrolyte solutions do not induce alterations in water permeability, while the effect of hypertonic solutions is delayed. In nonelectrolyte solutions, the addition of calcium tends to normalize water permeability, but not ADH action. The addition of potassium has no effect on either function. On the other hand, a normal water permeability can be maintained when up to 50% of Ringer's solution is substituted by 400 mM mannitol. These findings indicate that an adequate ionic content of its bathing fluids is necessary for the preservation of the hydrosmotic function of the toad bladder, and that this epithelium appears to be more sensitive to electrolyte depletion via its serosal cell membrane than across the mucosal border. PMID- 1235026 TI - Influence of testosterone on blood sugar, serum insulin and free fatty acid responses to glucose in normal male dog. AB - The influence of testosterone propionate chronic treatment on blood sugar, serum immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acid levels of male, normal, fasted, unanesthetized dogs, basally and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test has been studied. Control experiments using uninjected or vehicle-injected dogs were also performed. Blood sugar and serum immunoreactive insulin basal levels were not affected by testosterone propionate and/or its vehicle, but serum free fatty acids basal values were increased. The blood sugar curve during the test observed in the dogs in the three conditions differed little; neither glucose space nor glucose "k" value were affected by treatments. Testosterone administration reduced by 50% the serum immunoreactive insulin peak following glucose load, as compared to vehicle-injected controls. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinaemia induced a fall in serum free fatty acid levels in control groups, followed by a recovery period at the end of the test. Either the fall or the recovery were more intense in testosterone-treated dogs than in vehicle-injected controls. Results are discussed, emphasizing that testosterone exerts a moderate "diabetogenic" action in male dog, inasmuch as although it intensely promotes lipid mobilization and moderately reduces the insulin response to glucose, fails to induce any glucose intolerance. PMID- 1235028 TI - Embryo counts and length of the breeding season in European hares in Scotland from 1960-1972. PMID- 1235027 TI - Effects of various drugs on calcium uptake by microsomes of rat submaxillary gland. PMID- 1235029 TI - Physiology of the renal pelvis. A clinical contribution. PMID- 1235030 TI - Reoperations after vascular surgery of lower extremities. PMID- 1235032 TI - Scintigraphic and serioscintigraphic results in cerebral infarctions. PMID- 1235031 TI - The role of humoral factors in the etiopathogenesis and course of hypertension in man. PMID- 1235033 TI - Performations of the intestinal tract and their roentgenological pictures. PMID- 1235034 TI - [Anthropologic and medical knowledge of the peoples of Undulu. I. Clinical nutritional, parasitological and socioepidemiological study of a group of children]. PMID- 1235036 TI - [Treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni infection using hycanthone (our current experience in 3,400 cases)]. PMID- 1235035 TI - [Toxoplasmosis: serological survey in normal adults]. PMID- 1235037 TI - [Surveys of antibodies against arboviruses in animals of Southern Portugal]. PMID- 1235038 TI - [Comparative study of various hydatid antigens]. PMID- 1235039 TI - [Study of dermatophytes in animals of the biology department using the hair brush technic]. PMID- 1235040 TI - [Biological and physico-chemical evaluation of the soil of the Cape Verde Islands in relation to ancylostomiasis]. PMID- 1235041 TI - [Pathology of experimental ancylostomiasis in dogs (Ancylostoma caninum) studied with radioisotopes. I. Blood volume (Risa L 131). Comparative study with human ancylostomiasis]. PMID- 1235042 TI - [Pathology of experimental ancylostomiasis in dogs (Anclostoma caninum) studied by radioisotopes. 2. Metabolism of albumin (Risa I 131). Comparative study with human ancylostomiasis]. PMID- 1235043 TI - [Pathology of experimental ancylostomiasis in dogs (Ancylostoma caninum) studied by radioisotopes. 3. Loss of intestinal proteins (PVP I 131). Comparative study with human ancylostomiasis]. PMID- 1235044 TI - [Effect of innoculation of dogs with Ancylostoma caninum larvae irradiated with Co 60]. PMID- 1235045 TI - [Epidemiologic study of cholera in a suburban community]. PMID- 1235046 TI - [Epidemiological and demographic transition in Africa]. PMID- 1235047 TI - [Schistosomiasis mansoni in Angola: notes on its recent spreading]. PMID- 1235048 TI - [Treatment of ancylostomiasis (N. americanus) using pyrantel pamoate in patients under ambulatory care in an endemic region of Angola]. PMID- 1235050 TI - Comparison of the Kastenbaum-Bowman test and Fisher's exact test. PMID- 1235049 TI - Minute-type mutants in Drosophila hydei. PMID- 1235051 TI - [Demographic and biological studies of isolated populations in two Swiss mountain villages]. PMID- 1235052 TI - [Inherited brachydactyly (Drinkwater I, Bell's Al type)]. PMID- 1235053 TI - Carcinogenicity of 4-hydroxybutyl-butylnitrosamine in Syrian hamsters. AB - 4-Hydroxybutyl-butylnitrosamine (HBBN), a urinary metabolite of dibutylnitrosamine (DBN) was shown to induce respiratory and bile duct tumors as well as carcinomas of the urinary bladder in Syrian golden hamsters. This contrasts with results previously obtained in rats and demonstrates that HBBN is not a specific bladder carcinogen. Bronchogenic tumors, seen in DBN-treated hamsters, were not observed after injection of HBBN. PMID- 1235055 TI - The carcinogenic effect of dimethylnitrosamine on the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). AB - Three groups of Chinese hamsters (20 males, 20 females/group) received weekly subcutaneous injections for life of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) at dose levels 0.20, 0.10 and 0.05 of the LD50. Eighty-two to 100% of the animals developed tumors of vascular origin. The neoplasms were primarily hepatic hemangioendotheliomas and their incidence was unrelated to dose or sex. Although animals in the low dose group received a total dose which was one-third that of the highest dose group, their survival times were only slightly longer. PMID- 1235054 TI - A chronic study of artificial sweeteners in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Chronic administration of saccharin and sodium or calcium cyclamates in drinking water to Syrian golden hamsters, up the maximum tolerated dose level, failed to induce an excess of tumors compared to controls; nor were any urinary bladder tumors found. PMID- 1235056 TI - The macrophage content of some human tumours. AB - The number of macrophages present in 44 surgically removed breast tumours and melanomas was determined by making a cell suspension and measuring the proportion of cells which bound a heterologous anti-macrophage serum and spread rapidly in culture. The macrophage content of the different tumours ranged from 0% to 30%. The malignant tumours which were known to have metastasized, as well as metastatic lesions, all contained less than 10% of macrophages whereas cancers for which there was no evidence of spread at operation had widely varying numbers of macrophages. PMID- 1235057 TI - Induction of pancreatic neoplasms by 2,2'-dioxopropyl-N-propylnitrosamine. AB - A high incidence of pancreatic duct adenomas and carcinomas were induced in Syrian golden hamsters as early as 13 weeks after chronic administration of 2,2' dioxopropyl-n-propylnitrosamine (DOPN) at a 10 mg/kg dose. In contrast to another pancreatic carcinogen, 2,2'-dihydroxy-propyl-n-propyl-nitrosamine, DOPN induced no tumors of the upper respiratory tract or kidneys, and only a few neoplasms of the lungs and liver. PMID- 1235058 TI - Biotransformation of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene into 3-chloro-4 hydroxyaniline: intramolecular hydroxylation-induced chlorine migration during a catabolic degradation of a chemical carcinogen. AB - Five modified anilines were identified in ethyl acetate extract from hydrolysed urine of rats which had been injected with the carcinogenic 1-(4-chlorophenyl) 3,3-dimethyltriazene. 4-Chloro-2-hydroxyaniline (15.1%) and 4-chloroaniline (5.2%) were the most abundant metabolites arising by in vivo fission of the diazoamino group. The structures and distribution of 4-hydroxyaniline (less than 0.1%), 4-chloro-3-hydroxyaniline (0.7%) and of 3-chloro-4-hydroxyaniline (8.2%) suggest that these metabolites are derived from a common 3,4-epoxy intermediate and arise either by elimination of chlorine, by opening of the epoxide ring or by an intramolecular hydroxylation-induced chlorine migration, respectively. PMID- 1235059 TI - Ciliary alterations in hamster respiratory tract epithelium after exposure to carcinogens and cigarette smoke. AB - Alterations in the ultrastructure of cilia were found to be one of the initial stages in the development of benzo(a)pyrene induced cancers in the trachea and bronchi of Syrian golden hamsters, as well as in the bronchi from which pulmonary adenocarcinomata originated after European hamsters were treated with N dibutylnitrosamine. Similar abnormalities of cilia occurred in the respiratory epithelia of Syrian golden hamsters after one year of daily exposure to cigarette smoke. PMID- 1235060 TI - Radiotherapy in malignant teratomas. AB - Twenty-seven patients with malignant teratoma, 19 of which received radiation, are presented and the radiation response analyzed. Radiotherapy seems most effective in the palliation of undifferentiated (embryonal) teratoma of the gonads and sacrococcygeal region in early childhood. It is less effective, yet useful, in undifferentiated gonadal and sacrococcygeal teratomas of older children and adults, but seems of little value in carcinomatous ovarian dermoids and in malignant mediastinal teratomas. PMID- 1235061 TI - Concentration of biologically active 5-fluorouracil in general circulation during continuous portal infusion in man: a preliminary report. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered to 8 patients with malignant liver tumours either by regional portal or general intravenous infusion. During continuous portal infusion of 15 mg 5-FU/kg/24 h, systemic serum-concentrations were generally below 100 ng/ml and no side-effects were seen. Intravenous infusion of the same dose was accompanied by serum-concentrations above 100 ng/ml and bone marrow depression. This preliminary study indicates that there are better prerequisites for high anti-toumour effect and low frequency of side-effects during portal infusion of 5-FU than during general intravenous administration to patients with liver tumours. PMID- 1235062 TI - Carcinogenic effects of niridazole. AB - Swiss mice received chronic treatment with the schistosomacide, niridazole, at 3 dose levels. Tumors were found in several organs, including stomach, lung, manary gland, ovary and bladder. Niridazole is, without doubt, carcinogenic to mice. PMID- 1235063 TI - Profile analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal content in sediment layers of a lake. AB - The question is investigated whether polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the annual sediment layers of a lake mainly result from air dust pollution. Sample layers taken from drilling cores going back to 1915 show no significant differences at the forest shore (no buildings) during this period. In contrast, samples taken from a built-up area of the shore (with a highway and a main railway line) show today 5 times the amount of PAH compared with 1915. The same trend is observed in the content of Zn, whereas Pb, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu and Mn levels are constant. Identification or characterization of PAH was accomplished by comparison of the retention times and mass spectrometry of authentic compounds. Sixty-four PAH are described. The results indicate that the burden of carcinogenic PAH air pollutants has increased 5-fold from 1915-1970. PMID- 1235064 TI - The binding of dimethylnitrosamine to nucleic acids catalyzed by liver enzymic fractions. AB - The in vitro binding of a metabolite of dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) to calf thymus DNA catalyzed by a microsomal system from rat liver is reported. The amount ob binding is unaffected by using microsomes induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and/or normal or induced pH 5 enzymes. The microsomal system is also effective in catalyzing covalent binding of the nitroso compound with synthetic polyribonucleotides. PMID- 1235065 TI - Careers advice to youths with atopic dermatitis. AB - Adolescents who have suffered from atopic dermatitis frequently start training or apprenticeship for unsuitable jobs. The School Medical Serivce and the Youth Employment Service have now been linked with the Employment Medical Advisory Service to afford help to such young people. It is suggested that family doctors and parents be reminded of this with Guidance Notes. PMID- 1235067 TI - Photodermatitis--study of the condition in Kuantan, Malaysia. AB - The high incidence of photodermatitis among dermatological patients prompted the study of the condition. In the 18 months from October 1972 to March 1974, 199 patients presented with light sensitive dermatitis, forming 9% of all new cases seen in the Dermatology Clinic at Kuantan. A detailed history, including that of the use of drugs, proprietary and commercial products, was taken in each patient to determine the aetiology. Where there was suspicion of contact sensitisation, photo-patch tests were done with the suspected agents using natural sunlight as a source of ultra-violet light. The aetiology of photodermatitis in these patients is discussed. The systemic and topical use of medicaments accounts for the largest number of cases. It is inferred that the ready availability to the public of medicaments containing known photosensitisers and the unawareness of light sensitive dermatitis are factors responsible for the large number of patients developing this condition in this tropical climate where there is an abundance of ultra-violet light and where people wear light clothing. PMID- 1235066 TI - Cross-sensitization patterns in acrylate allergies. AB - Five subjects developed allergic contact dermatitis to one or more acrylate components used in a commercial adhesive tape. Patch testing to acrylic monomers was performed to examine their cross-reaction patterns. Two subjects with broad cross-reactions to acrylates did not react to methyl methacrylate or the alkyl methacrylate that corresponded to the acrylate which induced the sensitization. Methyl methacrylate may not be adequate as a screen for many acrylates used commercially. PMID- 1235068 TI - Preventive dermatology: a point of view and a challenge. AB - The implications of "subliminal toxicology a term which has been coined by Dr. L. Goldberg, the editor of Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, are discussed and related to the practice of dermatology. It is argued that only legislation proposed by dermatologists and instituted by Government Authorities can fully protect the public against unnecessary exposure to medicinal and industrial chemicals. PMID- 1235069 TI - Chlorocresol sensitivity. AB - Contact allergic sensitivity may follow the use of chlorocresol incorporated as a preservative into both betamethasone cream and aqueous cream, which are commonly prescribed as a mixture in South Australia. In several cases, although the clinical courses indicated sensitivity to chlorocresol, patch test reactions to this chemical were negative. In these cases positive patch test reactions to chloroxylenol, a chemical closely related to chlorocresol, confirmed the diagnoses. PMID- 1235071 TI - Chamber test versus patch test for epicutaneous testing. AB - A new modification of the chamber test for epicutaneous testing, and improved auxiliary equipment are presented. Compared with the customary patch test, the chamber test in its present form has several remarkable advantages, which are described in detail. PMID- 1235070 TI - Aroma chemicals: Reference sources for perfume and flavour ingredients with special reference to cinnamic aldehyde. AB - Bibliographic sources for the complex subject of aroma chemicals are reviewed. The references are not comprehensive but are those which we found to be of value in finding out some of the opportunities for contact with a sensitizing chemical compound, cinnamic aldehyde. PMID- 1235072 TI - Resorcinol monobenzoate. PMID- 1235073 TI - Dermatitis from weeds detected by patch testing with oleoresins (Hollister Stier). PMID- 1235074 TI - Contact dermatitis from ethanol. AB - A case history of a female patient with allergic contact eczema to ethanol is described. By means of allergological examination, allergies were found to some lower aliphatic alcohols, acetone and some alcoholic drinks. PMID- 1235075 TI - Nickel allergy and hand eczema. AB - A clinical study was performed in 66 female patients with hand eczema and contact allergy to nickel. They were drawn from a basic material of 165 patients with nickel allergy in which hand eczema occurred in 86 cases (52%). The hand eczema started at an average age of 32 years and it had been preceded by a metal hypersensitivity for an average of 6 years. The eczema was found to be chronic with a mean duration up to the time of examination of 8 years. It was associated with secondary eruptions in half of the cases. The hand eczema showed a low degree of relevance with regard to dependance of occupation or vacation, as well as to exacerbation of the dermatitis after a direct contact with nickel-coated objects. The clinical examination disclosed in 77% a pompholyx, i.e. a symmetric vesicular eruption mainly located on the palms and volar aspects of fingers, and sides of fingers. The eczema often showed a periodic activity, with about 15 annual eruptions in the pompholyx cases. It is concluded that simple external contact with the metal can hardly explain the most common clinical pattern of the hand eczema in nickel allergy. PMID- 1235076 TI - Cosmetic dermatitis due to a perfume. AB - A patient with perfume dermatitis was patch-tested to 94 constituents of perfume and was found to have positive reactions to 12 components. An approach with regard to reducing the prevalence of perfume dermatitis is suggested. PMID- 1235077 TI - Hypersensitivity to hydrogenated lanolin. AB - The number of patients with dermatitis from applied betamethasone-17-valerate ointment, which incorporated hydrogenated lanolin, rapidly increased in Japan after 1971. On patch testing, the incidence of hypersensitivity to hydrogenated lanolin is significantly higher than to anhydrous lanolin at the 1% level, that is 5.20% (26/502) with the former and 1.99% (10/502) with the latter, although sensitivity to both materials is significantly related at the 0.5% level. The possible explanations considered are that hydrogenated lanolin contains three main allergens: the first is a group of lanolin alcohols which are the common eczematogens in anhydrous lanolin; the second refers to the products of hydrogenation, composed of saturated, easily oxidized, organic substances of low molecular weight; and the third refers to traces of nickel, copper and chromium, as a result of contamination in the hydrogenation process. PMID- 1235078 TI - Patch testing with perfume ingredients. AB - From the large number of substances used in perfumes it is difficult and tedious to identify the allergen in a specific case of dermatitis. Many substances are both irritants and sensitizers. Based on personal experience, a list has been prepared of potential sensitizers, their concentrations and diluents suitable for patch testing. PMID- 1235079 TI - New resin allergens in shoe contact dermatitis. AB - Changes in the shoe industry have replaced some of the former allergens and introduced some new ones. In 45 cases of shoe contact dermatitis, the lack of response to known allergens inspired the authors to review present-day industrial shoe manufacture. Two new resin allergens for shoe dermatitis have been found: dodecyl mercapthane and polyurethanes. The first is used in the plastics industry to arrest the polymerization process. We suggest the possibility that a certain number of Neoprene sensitizations could be sensitizations to dodecyl mercapthane contained in it. The recommended solution for patch testing is: 0.1% in toluol. PMID- 1235080 TI - A patch test closet. AB - A way of adapting a treatment room for patch test purposes is described. PMID- 1235081 TI - Chromium, cobalt and nickel in used cutting fluids. PMID- 1235082 TI - 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization of psoratic patients. AB - Our experiments have shown that cell mediated immunity of psoriatic patients is reduced especially when psoriasis began at an early age and/or when it is "intermittent". PMID- 1235083 TI - "Atopic cataract" in three contact dermatitis patients. PMID- 1235084 TI - Proteinuria and distribution of fibrinogen split products in various forms of glomerulonephritis. AB - The microelectrophoresis on gradient gels allows differentiation between the different types of proteinuria in 1 h in a one-step procedure. Due to their different molecular weights and forms, fibrinogen split products are separated by this method. The determination of fibrinogen split products not only offers a possibility for dicrimination between the various forms of glomerulonephritis but also offers a possibility for following the course of the disease. PMID- 1235085 TI - Low molecular weight IgG fragments in the urine of patients ieth nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1235086 TI - Clinical value of the renal protein clearance determination. AB - The clinical applicability of the determiniation of selectivity in proteinuria in the traditional way is limited. The methodological apparatus has to be relatively completed to get predicative results. Simplified procedures, e.g. determination according to two proteins only, have not proven to be useful in our hands. Screening tests such as disc electrophoresis have to precede the determinations. In special clinical problems, e.g. the question of steroid sensitiveness in morphological forms of glomerulonephritis, which supposedly do not respond to steroids according to the results of prospective studies, or as a parameter in observing the follow up of a disease, protein clearances may be a valuable diagnostic help. PMID- 1235087 TI - Discelectrophoretic molecualr weight analysis of urinary proteins. A contribution to the clinical diagnostic differentiation and the pathophysiology of proteinuria. AB - The SDS polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAA) as used in this study has proven to be an excellent tool to differentiate urinary proteins qualitatively and quantitatively, since the proteins are differentiated exclusively according to their molecular radius. Selectivity was estimated by the ratio transferrin:IgG. Some of the proteins were identified by specific antisera. For clinical use SDS-PAA may distinguish: chronic glomerulonephritis from chronic pyelonephritis; the different diabetic nephropathies; some cases of minimal change nephritis from proliferative and degenerative glomerular diseases; the uncomplicated posttransplantation course from (interstitial) rejection crises and from glomerular diseases (recurrent GN, glomerular rejection disease), and the persisting small glomerular proteinuria after acute glomerulonephritis from proteinurias becoming physiological. PMID- 1235088 TI - Low molecular weight proteinuria. AB - Low molecular weight (LMW) proteinurias vary widely in their microprotein composition. In general, there is little correlation between a given microprotein composition and a defined clinical disease (with the exception of the predominant beta-2-microglobulin in Wilson's disease). Free immunoglobulin light chains are a practically invariable component of, and may be the only detectable LMW protein in, 'tubular' proteinuria. The origins and significance of some frequently occurring urinary LMW proteins are discussed. PMID- 1235089 TI - Biochemical aspects of pinocytosis in kidney. PMID- 1235090 TI - Effect of angiotensin on glomerular filtration of albumin. AB - Angiotensin-induced proteinuria was examined at the glomerular-tubular level in rats. Ultra-micro-disc electrophoresis was employed to determine albumin concentration of rat proximal tubular fluid samples under control conditions and during the infusion of 0.15 mug/min X 100 g body weight angiotensin II using micropuncture techniques. Under control conditions proximal tubular albumin concentration was 1.32 +/- 0.79 (SD) mg/100 ml (n = 71). There was no correlation between albumin concentration and (TF/P)-inulin ratio indicating an albumin reabsorption in the proximal tubule parallel to fluid reabsorption under control conditions. During angiotensin infusion using re-collection techniques, there is an average increase of 26 times in tubular albumin concentration, indicating an increase in albumin filtered. There was no change in GFR, SNGFR, transit time, (TF/P)-inulin ratio, an increase in urine flow rate, sodium excretion, protein excretion, mean arterial blood pressure during angiotensin infusion. Since effective glomerular filtration pressure was not increased during angiotensin it is concluded that angiotensin-induced proteinuria is due to an increase in filtered protien mediated by a change in glomerular permeability to proteins. PMID- 1235091 TI - Proteinuria in pigs with experimentally induced renal damage. AB - Proteinuria was studied experimentally in pigs with renal damage induced by maleic acid, potassium dichromate and by 5/6 nephrectomy. The methods used were: analysis of total protein, immunochemical quantitation of a porcine low molecular weight (alpha-PLMW) protein, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gel chromatography of concentrated urine samples. The urinary clearance of the alpha-PLMW protein in normal pigs was considerably higher than LMW protein clearance in normal man. No increase was seen after surgery. The induction of proximal tubular damage resulted in an increased excretion of, above all, high molecular weight proteins (greater than or equal to albumin) but also of low molecular weight proteins. The highest increase in alpha-PLMW clearance was seen immediately after 5/6 nephrectomy, and the increased alpha-PLMW excretion in pigs with proximal tubular dysfunction was better correlated to creatinine clearance than to the degree of phosphaturia or glucosuria. The results suggest different renal handling of plasma proteins in pigs and humans. PMID- 1235093 TI - The fine structure of the glomeruli as revealed by freeze-fracturing. AB - Isolated glomeruli of the rat kidney were investigated using the freeze-fracture method. The observations were consistent with those made on thin sections. Only exceptionally components of zonulae occludentes were seen between the capillary endothelial cells. The split membrane of mesangial cells revealed aspects of gap junctions. PMID- 1235092 TI - Functional and morphological study on the onset of proteinuria in experimental diabetes mellitus. AB - In latent hereditary diabetes mellitus increased protein excretion has been found in male diabetic mice compared to controls. This proteinuria is partly due to an increased excretion of higher molecular weight proteins, which could be identified as deriving from plasma. The suggested glomerular proteinuria has been verified by an increase in the renal excretion of high molecular weight PVP. No changes in GFR occurred in this early stage of diabetic glomerulopathy. No changes in morphology could be detected, suggesting some changes in the biochemical membrane structure that cause the findings of increased permeability of the diabetic basement membrane for plasma proteins. PMID- 1235094 TI - Structural changes of the podocytes in different states of experimentally induced proteinuria in the rat. PMID- 1235095 TI - The role of membrane parameters and of filtration pressure in the determination of the shape of the polyvinylpyrrolidone sieving curve. An in vitro and in vivo study. AB - The theoretical equations describing the transport of a solute across a porous membrane predict that the shape of the sieving curve (ratio of solute concentrations in filtrate and filtrand versus molecular size) depends not only on the porosity of the membrane but also on the filtration pressure. This has been verified experimentally on an artificial membrane (Amicon XM-50). This model has been used to interpret the effects of angiotensin II on the shape of the glomerular 125I PVP sieving curve. The mean effective filtration pressure is increased by the intrarenal perfusion of angiotensin II. PMID- 1235096 TI - The ultrastructural basis of permeability to proteins in normal and nephrotic glomeruli. Electron microscopic and micropuncture studies using ferritin as a tracer. AB - Following microinjection of ferritin into urinary space of the rat renal glomerulus in vivo, permeability of the visceral epithelial wall was examined with electron microscope. Results indicated that in normal glomeruli ferritin molecules can be retained by the slit diaphragmata of the eithelial cells; this suggests a barrier function of the slit diaphragmata. The nephrotic glomeruli, observations suggested a channel-like pathway to proteins penetrating the epithelial layer. The channel is formed by only one single cell and therefore, the term 'percellular channel' is proposed for that formation. PMID- 1235097 TI - Early lesions of the nephron in paraproteinemia. AB - Electron microscopy of renal biopsies in eight patients with paraproteinemia (six multiple myeloma, one Waldenstrom's disease, one idiopathic paraproteinemia) and without impairment of renal function demonstrates an increase of mesangial matrix and thickening of the lamina rara interna of the basement membrane in the glomerulus by fibrillar material without periodicity. These lesions are thought to exhibit precursors of amyloid deposits. The proximal tubules show signs of increased cellular activity probably because of handling an increased protein load. In the basement membranes there are proteins with a fibrillar structure and definite periodicity. These are suggested to be consistent with large aggregates of immunoglobulin fragments. PMID- 1235098 TI - Interstitial nephritis with concomitant uveitis. Report of two cases. AB - In two female pediatric cases of uveitis with proteinuria and glycosuria, kidney biopsy demonstrated the presence of interstitial nephritis. Peripheral leukocytes responded positively in vitro in the leukocyte migration inhibition test with renal tubular antigen, thus suggesting the possibility that the patients' lymphocytes infiltrating into the renal parenchyma might be sensitized against the renal tubular antigen. Urinary beta2-microglobulin was also demonstrable and its levels correlated fairly well with the clinical course of uveitis in both cases. PMID- 1235100 TI - Antibody avidity for native DNA in lupus nephritis. AB - To study the participation of the antibody avidity in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, we measured the antibody avidity to native DNA by the method of Minden and Farr (14) in patients with SLE. The avidity to native DNA was almost less than 40%. The avidity and the histological activity of lupus nephritis were well correlated; the antibody avidity of the active-group sera was higher than that of the inactive-group sera and the group without nephritis. In the group with antibodies of relatively high avidity, the complexes were deposited mainly in the subendothelial side of GBM and in the mesangium. On the other hand, in the group with low-avidity antibodies, the complexes were localized in the subepithelial side of GBM. On investigating the quality of the complexes, we noted that the complexes composed of high-avidity antibodies prepared in vitro were larger than those of low avidity and the former were larger than 19S. If the native-DNA-anti native DNA system is the mechanism basic to lupus nephritis, the differences in immune response of the host, namely the degree of antibody avidity may greatly affect complex formation and influence the histological activity and nephritogenicity of lupus nephritis. PMID- 1235099 TI - Schonlein-Henoch's syndrome in children. PMID- 1235101 TI - Program versus time: length of stay patterns in alcoholism. AB - Various studies suggest that, in predicting length of stay (LOS), hospital policy, demographic or pathognomonic factors may be more important than type of treatment given. This investigation compared cumulative discharge curves for 6 sub-groups of male alcoholics (N = 627): Voluntary versus Committed; Married versus Unmarried; and Age 45 and Under versus Over 45. Actual LOS curves were contrasted with a theoretical curve, representing discharge as a simple function of elapsed time. Sample LOS statistics were also compared with data from an NIMH, nationwide survey. Results showed no significant cumulative LOS differences among the alcoholic sub-groups. During the first week of the program, release rates for all sub-groups greatly exceeded theoretical, then paralleled the theoretical curve until the 10th week of treatment. After the first week of treatment, patients were discharged at a rate similar to that expected if leaving were a simple effect of time elapsed -- no program effect on LOS was evident. Comparing the state hospital with the nationwide sample, significantly more state hospital patients left treatment during the first week; but local and national cumulative percentages for 30 days, 60 days and over 60 days were identical. PMID- 1235102 TI - Life change, disease, perception and heroin addiction. AB - This is a pilot study of heroin addicts using recently developed tests which measure life change, perception of life change and perception of disease. The data indicate that heroin addicts maintain very high levels of life change while having normal or augmented perception of the impact of life change and of the seriousness of their disease. It is postulated that treatment techniques aimed at increasing understanding and insight may be countertherapeutic for these patients in that it gives them additional methods of manipulating others and tends to perpetuate the addiction life reducing life change in a setting of tight behavioral control where behavioral substitutes to heroin use are offered. PMID- 1235104 TI - Increases in youthful admissions to alcoholism treatment in Ontario. PMID- 1235103 TI - Psychosocial effects of longterm cannabis use in India. A study of fifty heavy users and controls. AB - Fifty cases of heavy cannabis users in India (25 smokers of charas and 25 drinkers of bhang) were studied for their physical and mental health and compared with 25 non-user controls. The average duration of cannabis use was more than 10 years with an estimated average consumption of about 150 mg of THC daily. Physical health and nutrition were relatively poor in users and there were more respiratory complaints. No case of definite psychosis related to the use of cannabis was found in the series, though minor neurotic complaints were present in all groups. In the social sphere cannabis users gave more often a history of poor work record, family maladjustment and episodes of violent behaviour. PMID- 1235105 TI - Conditioning of narcotic abstinence symptoms in human subjects. AB - Clinical evidence suggests the possibility of conditioning of narcotic abstinence symptoms. Addicts report subjective and objective signs of withdrawal/craving when exposed to certain stimuli. This may partially explain the high rate of relapse to drug seeking behavior when treated addicts return to their home environment. Conditioning of narcotic abstinence symptoms was produced experimentally in five of eight volunteer subjects. Brief naloxone precipitated abstinence was the unconditioned response. The conditioned stimulus was a tone and odor. After an average of seven training trials, the tone and odor produced a conditioned abstinence response. The conditioned response consisted of subjective components (feelings of sickness, nausea, cramps, craving) and objective components (yawning, tearing, rhinorrhea, irregular respiration and transiently increased blood pressure). These laboratory findings support the anecdotal evidence regarding the existence of conditioned abstinence phenomena. PMID- 1235106 TI - Chronic cannabis takers: some temperamental characteristics. AB - Two standardized interviewing schedules have been administered to 850 chronic cannabis takers and 839 nontakers, all males, ranging in age between 15 and about 50 years. The present paper is concentrated on presenting data pertaining to temperamental characteristics prevailing among takers. Some characteristics were found not to differentiate between takers and control. This was true regarding two basic personality traits, acquiescence and 'emotional lability'; three situational characteristics, aggressiveness, sense of responsibility in matters of money expenditure and the degree on attaches to one's promises in work situations; one point concerning family background, viz, death of either parent; and lastly two aspects of the complex role fathers play in the lives of their children, which is 'absence--presence' and 'showing interest in the children's future'. The two groups differed on another collection of attributes. Compared with controls, cannabis takers were low on submissiveness, impulsiveness and negativism, but at the same time showed callousness or indifference towards the presence of others. Taker were, also, low on quarrelsomeness and high on selflessness but at the same time expressed more inclination towards dishonesty. Instability in the orientation family prevailed among takers who related more incidents of separation and/or divorce between parents, and of the existence of step-parents. Takers had, moreover, spoiling fathers. PMID- 1235107 TI - Dimensions of marihuana experience. AB - A questionnaire concerned with expected effects of marihuana was completed by 182 persons with histories of social use of the drug. The majority of subjects were relatively infrequent users. Reported experiences from use were greater among the most frequent users, and included some unpleasant effects. Five factors of marihuana expectations were derived pertaining to: functional interference, euphoria, psychological distress, perceptual alteration and psychotomimetic effects. These results clearly suggest that the marihuana effect is multidimensional and that the profile of response differs from one individual to another. Studies of marihuana effects under various experimental conditions should take the nature of the effects as well as their magnitudes into consideration. The results also suggest that the marihuana questionnaire can be used to determine in advance the expectations of individual experimental subjects and thus to control for effects of set on responses in experimental studies of marihuana. One should thus be able to settle the question of the extent to which different expectations about marihuana produce variability in responses of subjects in experimental studies of effects of the drug. PMID- 1235109 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 1235108 TI - Oral drug dependence: intellectual characteristics of patients receiving treatment at a London drug dependence unit. AB - Patients dependent upon orally abused drugs have received less research attention than have other drug dependent groups. This paper reports a study of the intellectual characteristics of such individuals. Fifty-eight subjects completed the Mill Hill and Progressive Matrices IQ tests, and the Wechsler Tests (WAIS or WISC) were also administered to 36 of these. The results which were analysed separately for males and females show scores which are within the normal range. One unusual finding, that female oral drug dependents have a deficient performance IQ score, is discussed, but no satisfactory explanation for this available and further research of this issue is suggested. The implications of the results for clinical psychological assessment and rehabilitation of drug abusers are discussed. PMID- 1235110 TI - Contemporary health scene--its relevance to our country (Dr. B.C. Dasgupta Memorial Oration). PMID- 1235111 TI - Liaison psychiatry on a coronary care unit. AB - This paper presents several of the author's experiences as a liaison psychiatrist on coronary care units. Technological and pharmacological advancements over the past decade have made major contributions toward reducing the psychological stress of patients admitted to these units. The psychiatrist's main liaison role is in assisting with patient education and rehabilitation efforts. Examples are given of a patient education program and reasons for systematic evaluations for such programs. The psychiatrist also can aid in patient rehabilitation efforts carried out in the outpatient clinic. Results are given from an experimental program of group therapy as an adjunct to the treatment of post-myocardial infarction patients. Finally, two case histories are briefly presented which exemplify subjects' serum uric acid and serum cholesterol variability associated with psychological stresses encountered during their hospitalization following a myocardial infarction. PMID- 1235112 TI - Plasma cortisol and growth hormone responses to intravenous characterization. AB - Plasma cortisol and growth hormone (HGH) responses to venous catheterization were studied in 29 volunteer subjects. Repeat characterizations were performed in 18 individuals. Mean plasma cortisol levels were significantly elevated during the first hour of the initial catheterization experience. Morning and afternoon levels of cortisol were not distinguishable during the first catheterization, but PM levels were significantly lower than AM levels during the second catheterization experience. Growth hormone responses were much more variable than cortisol and were distributed logarithmically. Growth hormone responses tended to parallel cortisol responses during the first catheterization experience. Individuals who listed more symptoms in response to venipuncture and catheterization after finishing their first catheterization had significantly higher cortisol and growth hormone levels during this experience. These data suggest a definite endocrine adaptation to catheterization by the second or third hour of the experience. PMID- 1235113 TI - Confusion and controversy in the stress field. AB - An attempt is made to further clarify present areas of controversy in the stress field, in response to a two-part article by Dr. John W. Mason which concludes in this issue of the Journal of Human Stress. The author tries to elucidate each source of confusion enumerated by Dr. Mason. The continued use of the word "stress" for the nonspecific response to any demand is deemed most desirable. The once vague term can now be applied in a well-defined sense and is accepted in all foreign languages as well, including those in which no such word existed previously in any sense. Subdivision of the stress concept has become necessary as more recent work has led to such notions as "eustress," "distress," "systemic stress" and "local stress." Confusion between stress as both an agent and a result can be avoided only by the distinction between "stress" and "stressor". It is explained that the stress syndrome is--by definition--nonspecific in its causation. However, depending upon conditioning factors, which can selectively influence the reactivity of certain organs, the same stressor can elicit different manifestations in different individuals. PMID- 1235114 TI - Psychosocial factors in athletic injuries: development and application of the social and athletic readjustment rating scale (SARRS). AB - The possible role of psychosocial factors in athletics, namely football injuries, is examined. Initially Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was modified to the Social and Athletic Readjustment Scale (SARRS). Additions to the scale and differences in football players from the general population are discussed. Life change scores over one- and two-year intervals were obtained for college varsity football players. Players suffering major time loss injuries had significantly higher predictive scores than noninjured players. PMID- 1235115 TI - Life change events, ballistocardiography and coronary death. AB - Thirty-six men and women who experienced a documented myocardial infarction, half of whom ultimately died from their disease and half of whom survived over a six year period, provided longitudinal recent life changes and ballistocardiographic data. The 18 patients who died from their coronary disease indicated a significant buildup in life changes which peaked approximately one year prior to death; their serial ballistocardiograms indicated a significant buildup in average force of contraction which was seen to peak approximately six months prior to death. The 18 post-infarction patients who survived the six-year follow up showed neither a buildup in life change nor a buildup in the ballistocardiographic index of cardiac contraction force. These findings of a life change peak preceding ballistocardiographic evidence of an "overworked" heart are discussed in terms of their possible medical and psychophysiological significances. PMID- 1235116 TI - Psychological management of the myocardial infarction patient. AB - The acute coronary experience is divided into three parts. In the first, the pre hospital phase, attention is devoted to the widespread phenomenon of patient delay. Evidence is given to indicate that the source of delay is entirely psychological and centers around the inability to decide whether or not to seek help. The second part, or hospital phase, describes the response of the patient to the various aspects of the coronary care unit, including monitoring, false alarms, witnessing and sustaining a cardiac arrest. The third phase, the post hospital convalescence, centers on the principal psychological problem of this period, depression. Its causes, manifestations, and methods of management are discussed. PMID- 1235117 TI - Some problems in the measurement of stress and social readjustment. AB - Although the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has been a useful stimulant to the study of life change and illness, it has important limitations. The existing scale cannot be used to determine the role of varying types of life changes (e.g., favorable or adverse) in the occurrence of illness. Other problems discussed are ambiguity of items, the confounding of independent and dependent variables, and lack of item specification. Suggestions are made for improved measurement of life change and for more effective study of life change and illness. PMID- 1235118 TI - Issues in patient adherence to health care regimens. AB - This paper examines an important area of personal health behavior in which the possible link between stress and health status is not primarily a biological one but a behavioral one. The review of empirical literature is organized around four topics: 1) the limited payoff from the search for stable sociodemographic and personality correlates of adherence; 2) the inadequacy of our current theoretical formulations; 3) the role of the doctor; and 4) the doctor-patient interaction, which emphasizes mutual expectations rather than a one-way transfer of information. The concluding remarks address themselves to the need for a firmer linkage with the conceptual and empirical literature on stress and coping. PMID- 1235119 TI - Relations between heart rate, reaction speed, and subjective effort at different work loads on a bicycle ergometer. AB - The hypothesis concerning an inverted-U relationship between activation and performance was examined by comparing the performance of 25 subjects in a choice reaction task at five different work loads on a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate was used as an index of activation. The results were in full agreement with the hypothesis, performance being more efficient at a medium activation level than at high and low levels. PMID- 1235120 TI - Blood platelet aggregation and personality traits. AB - Changes in blood platelet aggregation may precipitate episodes of arterial occlusive diseases. Little is known, however, regarding the influence of psychological traits, emotional states and other behavioral stressors on platelet aggregation phenomena. This study examined 46 healthy college men at rest and after submaximal treadmill exercise. Associations were found between the duration of platelet aggregation and a number of scores from the California Psychological Inventory and self-administered anxiety scales. The more socially adequate, poised and dominant persons--those with more mature ego development and less overt anxiety--had platelets with more prolonged aggregation reactions to the in vitro introduction of noradrenalin. Irreversible aggregation of platelets occurred more regularly to lower in vitro concentrations of noradrenalin in platelet samples drawn from subjects who were less anxious and tended to be more rigidly defensive. It is premature to attempt to derive clinical implications from this exploratory work, but some implications for the design of future research are discussed. PMID- 1235121 TI - The role of activity in anticipating and confronting stressful situations. AB - This paper is an analytical review of studies comparing stress reactions in threatening situations during which the person can or cannot take action. The studies reviewed were conducted mainly in real-life situations and involved diverse forms of coping activities under various conditions of danger and distress. To achieve a better understanding of the effect of activity on stress reactions, several distinctions are made: between various types of stress reactions; between various indices and measurements of stress reactions; between activity which is directly related to the source of threat and activity which is not; and between various personality dimensions. The adaptive potential of activity in stressful situations is discussed in terms of: the sense of mastery and control provided by activity; activity as a means of attention diversion; and activity as a means of discharging energy generated by mobilization. It is suggested that taking action under stressful conditions, as opposed to remaining passive, is a powerful coping tool. PMID- 1235122 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation, catecholamine content and contractile function of the myocardium in patients with acquired heart defects, operated on under artificial circulation]. AB - A simultaneous determination of oxidative phosphorylation, catecholamines content and contractile function of the myocardium was conducted in patients with acquired heart diseases operated under extracorporeal circulation. The degree of conjugation of the oxidative phosphorylation has been found to depend on the severity of the initial state of the patient, and on the conditions of the surgical intervention: duration of cardiopulmonary by-pass before the excision of the mitral valve, duration of cross-clamping of the aorta, and the temperature regiment of the perfusion. Besides, it has been found that the conjugated oxidative phosphorylation is associated with the presence of catecholamines in the myocardium, while the dissociation of these processes is accompanied by a sharp fall in the content of adrenalin, noradrenalin and dophamine. The established parallelism of the catecholamines content and the oxidative phosphorylation indicates the existing correlation between them, which may determine the character of the contractile function of the myocardium. PMID- 1235123 TI - [Auricular fibrillation in myocardial infarct]. AB - Auricular fibrillation was observed in 17.8% of patients with large-focal myocardial infarction, mainly in females (p 0.01). The localization of myocardial infarction had no impact on the incidence of auricular fibrillation. The precursors of auricular fibrillation included atrial extrasystoli and an elevated electrolyte coefficient of the blood NaeKe. In the group of patients with myocardial infarction and auricular fibrillation mortality was more common among the females. Auricular fibrillation developing beyond the first postinfarction day worsened the prognosis considerably. The outcome of myocardial infarction did not much depend on the duration of auricular fibrillation and on the cardiac contraction frequency. PMID- 1235124 TI - [Hemodynamic changes, renin activity and aldosterone excretion in chronic circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 1235126 TI - [Disorder of chromium metabolism in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1235125 TI - [Treatment of protracted septic endocarditis with tetraoleane]. PMID- 1235128 TI - [Myocardial biopsy]. PMID- 1235127 TI - [Role of kinetocardiography in the evaluation of the functional state of the right heart in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1235129 TI - [Myocarditis]. PMID- 1235130 TI - [Endomycardial biopsy in the diagnosis of various forms of cardiomyopathy in children]. AB - An examination technique is described, including catheterizational endomyocardial biopsy of the left ventricle, used in 10 patients with cardiomyopathy, aged 9 months to 10 years. On the basis of the obtained data it was concluded that the most frequently encountered form of cardiomyopathy in children above 1year of age is infectious-allergic myocarditis. Endocardial thickening is secondary to myocardial changes. PMID- 1235131 TI - [Allergic lesions of the myocardium in drug intolerance]. PMID- 1235133 TI - [Infectious-allergic myocarditis and rheumocarditis (certain clinical aspects)]. PMID- 1235132 TI - [Myocardial damage syndrome in allergic conditions]. AB - Experimental and clinical studies were conducted that permitted to suggest a possible direct damaging effect of allergy upon the myocardium. Distinct types of allergic reactions of the myocardium were singled out in cases of the states being studied, namely infectious-allergic myocarditis and bronchial asthma. The reactions observed in infectious-allergic myocarditis pertain to hypersensitivity of a delayed type which morphological manifestation is embodied in cellular lymphohistocytic, monocytic perivascular infiltration and myocardial stroma damage. In bronchial asthma haemodynamic disorders are noted in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, as well as oedema of the stroma and muscle fibers destruction. PMID- 1235134 TI - [Myocardiopathy under clinical and experimental conditions]. PMID- 1235135 TI - [Clinical evaluation of delayed and immediate hypersensitivity to antigens of the connective tissue, myocardium and hemolytic Streptococcus in patients with rheumatic fever]. AB - The results of a study of some humoral and cellular immunological reactions to antigens of the myocardium and connective tissues of cardiac vlaves, as well as to those of the haemolytic Streptococcus in rheumatic patients are presented. Antibodies to 4 antigens were deter mined, to cellular form of immunity was examined by the method of leucocytes migration inhibition. The studies have indicated that in rheumatism, hupersensitivity of a delayed and non-delayed type manifests itself. The activity of the inflammatory process, its severity, the nature and severity of carditis are to a great extent reflected by the connective tissue antibodies to the basic substance, especially to the structural glycoprotein of the valves. In cases of the most unfavourable clinical forms of the rheumatic process the signs of streptococcal sensitization and autoallergy to both musclular and connective tissue cardiac structures are especially vivid. PMID- 1235136 TI - [Ultrastructure and plastic metabolism of the myocardium in allergic lesion of the heart]. AB - Allergic damage was induced in the hearts of senstized rabbits by way of slow intravenous injections of permissible doses of an antigen. One to 20 days after such a weakened anaphylactic reaction of the walls of the left auriculum were examined by light and electron microscopy. After one day, the histological studies revealed in all layers of the ventricle and auriculum oedematous and discirculatory manifestations, and electron microscopy demonstrated a complex of reversible sub-microscopic changes in the myocytes of the myocardium, their contractile organells being damaged predominantly. The biochemical studies permitted to reveal an activation of the decomposition of the myocardial myofibrillar proteins that was not accompanied by a proportional decomposition of the sarcoplasmic and connective-tissue proteins. The inner architecture of the myocytes was restored at the expense of the intracellular regenerative processes with transient hyperplasia of the intracellular regenerative processes with transient hyperplasia of the protein synthesizing organells of the myocytes. PMID- 1235137 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetical characteristics of rheumocarditis with minimal activity]. PMID- 1235138 TI - [Heart valves in rheumatic heart disease in the light of scanning electron microscopy]. AB - In case of rheumatic sclerosis the micro-relief of the surface of the mitral and aortic valves changes considerably: the first order plicas disappear, a new chaotic micro-relief is formed that depends on the deep specific changes in the collagen-elastic structures of the valves. In rheumatic heart diseases the valves are characterized by focal disendothelization of the surface, which permits to examine the valve in layers, and to study not only its surface, but also its internal subendothelial structures. Scanning electron microscopy permitted to visualize for the first time in a full three-dimentional image the severely altered collagen structures of the disendothelialized portions of rhumatic valves. The changes in the micro-telief consisting in the appearance of amall, irregularly located plicas, crossing each other under various angles, are caused by the development of new subendothelial collagen fibers. The initial forms of calcification are characterized by the appearance of micro-plates of calcination in the zones of the destroyed micro-relief, the subsequent forms -- by the formation of large clusters of calcination due to the fusion of the micro-plates. The destroyed micro-relief of the valves causes the adhesion of erythrocytes on their surfaces, which may be considered a factor halping thrombus formation. PMID- 1235139 TI - [Characteristics of erythrocyte membrane permeability for potassium ions in rats with familial spontaneous hypertension]. AB - The kinetics of 42K influx into the erythrocytes was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during the prehypertensive and early hypertensive stages (aged 10 weeks), as well as in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats of the same age. The SHR displayed a significantly slower enhancement of the activity in the erythrocytes than in the Wistar and Sprageu-Dawley rats, which indecates a higher level of passive permeability of the erythrocytic membrane for potassium ions and an enhanced turnover of this ion in the erythrocytes of SHR. The revealed changes are interpreted as a fragment of a larger defect in the membrane of SHR that determines the development of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 1235140 TI - [Age-specific characteristics of hemodynamics]. PMID- 1235141 TI - [Pericardial lesion in meningococcal infection]. AB - The study was carried out in 52 patients with a severe course of meningococcal infection. In two of them having meningococcemia and in three with meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia the disease was complicated by concomitant symptoms of allergic pericarditis. Complex therapy with steroid hormones, antibiotics, oxygen, cardiac glycosides and vitamins was effective in meningococcal infections complicated by myo- and pericarditis but failed to prevent their development. PMID- 1235142 TI - [Myocardial infarct in normal and slightly changed coronary angiogram]. PMID- 1235143 TI - [Functional state of the myocardium in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis after acute strophanthin stimulation]. AB - Thirteen patients with chronic hepatitis and 34 with liver cirrhosis, aged 15 to 68 years, were subjected to a study of myocardial contractility by means of phase analysis of cardiac contractions and roentgenocardiometric determination of the cardiac volume, to a study of total haemodynamics by means of radiocardiography, that of intrahepatic circulation -- by rheohepatography under acute strophanthin stimulation. The revealed peculiarities of cardiohaemodynamics can be used for a prognostic evaluation of the efficiency and expediency of the employment of digitalispreparations in such patients. PMID- 1235144 TI - [Study of informative value of functional tests for identification of negative ECG T-waves with the use of mathematical analysis]. AB - The informativeness of functional tests and of their combinations was studied with reference to the differential diagnosis of the functional or organic genesis of the repolarization ECG changes. The highest informativeness was found to be achieved with the potassium and Inderal tests that permit to establish unequivocally a functional or organic genesis. A combination of the potassium and Inderal tests significantly increases the informativeness of each of these tests taken separately. The Valsalva and the orthorstatic tests are practicallt noninformative in terms of the conducted study. PMID- 1235145 TI - [Role of certain biochemical indicators in the pathogenesis of functional cardiopathy]. AB - A study of a few biochemical parameters in 30 patients with functional cardiopathy (in comparison with 30 control persons) revealed significant differences in the indices of the acid-base balance, lactic acid concentration, and plasma electrolytes. These differences were noted both at rest and under physical exercises and hyperventilation tests, being even more evident during the above functional tests. A conducted comparison of physical endurance and increasing blood level of lactic acid revealed their reverse relationship. During the hyperventilation test, a relationship was noted between the amplitude of the T-wave of ECG and the reduction of the potassium plasma level. The revealed regularities may to some extent explain the origin of the symptoms observed in functional cardiopathy. PMID- 1235146 TI - [Relationship between the rate of myocardial contraction and relaxation under the effect of neural and humoral factors]. AB - The speed ratio of contractions and relaxations was studied on an isolated canine heart perfused via a donor dog under haemodynamic conditions closely resembling the natural ones, the stimulation being achieved by irritation of the sympathetic and vagal nerves, and by administration of adrenalin, noradrenalin, or acetylcholine. The contraction and relaxation speeds were determined by the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure curve. All the used types of nervous and humoral stimulation were seen to cause synchronous changes in these speeds, uniform in their direction, and closely correlating, which suggests the existence of a certain mechanism of autoregulation that maintains definite proportions of the myocardium contraction and relaxation speeds. PMID- 1235147 TI - [Contractility of the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation pressure in young sportsmen]. AB - The paper presents some data on the structure of the systole of the right ventricle obtained by means of kinetocardiography in 280 sportsmen, aged 12-14 years, with different functional states of their organisms (non-trained, poorly and well-trained, with chronic overstraining of the heart), as well as some data on the level of the systolic pressure in the pulmonary circulation system (by the Buzstin method) at rest and during the restorative period after exercises (test of the Leningrad Institute of Physical Culture, bycycle tests). The more the organism is trained, the more distinct the stages ofthe syndrome of regulated myocardial hypodynamia were found to be, a moderate hyperfunctionof the heart is noted during physical exercises that is accompanied by slight elevations of the pressure in the pulmonary system. In cases of chronic cardiac overstraining myocardial hypodynamia, stage I--II, was found, pressure elevation in the pulmonary circulation system -- in 21.4% of the examined persons at rest, its sharp elevation after exercises (up to 78.6 mm Hg) and prolongation of the restorative period. The obtained data demonstrate the perfection of the function of the right ventricle and of the pulmonary circulation under systematic training in the adolescents, and their deterioration in cases of chronic overstraining of the heart. PMID- 1235148 TI - Biochemistry of sport in the Soviet Union: beginning, development, and present status. PMID- 1235149 TI - Isokinetic vs isotonic strength training in adult men. AB - The differences in changes in strength, body composition, anthropometric measurements and selected motor performance tasks, between groups, trained isotonically and isokinetically were compared. Thirty-six male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four groups: isotonic; isokinetic low speed contraction; isokinetic high speed contraction; and control. Strength training was conducted three days per week, 40 minutes per day for eight weeks. The results demonstrated a clear superiority of the isokinetic training procedures over the isotonic procedures relative to strength, antrhopometric measures and motor performance tasks. The three training groups exhibited similar changes in body composition. The isokinetic high speed group demonstrated the greatest gains overall. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 1235150 TI - Severe steady state exercise at sea level and altitude in Olympic oarsmen. AB - Respiratory and metabolic functions were studied at rest and during exercise in 13 Olympic oarsmen at peak of training at sea level and after one month's residence at 2350 m. At sea level each subject completed two severe five minute treadmill runs at 5 mph on a 20% incline inspiring 21% O2 for one run and 16% O2 for the other. Two more runs at the same speed and incline were carried out at altitude with F102's of 21% and 28%. Pulmonary function tests were carried out at sea level and altitude and steady state diffusion capacity was determined during rest and exercise while breathing 21% O2. Heart rates were monitored by direct electrocardiography. At altitude significant increases were found in MVV (10%), FEV1 (6%), MMEF (15%) and PF (9%) but not in VC. A rise of the DLCO during exercise from 64.8 to 75.4 ml/min/mm Hg was largely the result of increased ventilation. The response to acute hypoxia (16% O2) and to chronic hypoxia were as follows: VE from 113 to 135/122 1/min; VE/O2 from 2.55 to 3.14/3.08 1/100ml; and PETCO2 from 40 to 36/34 mm Hg. The effect of chronic hypoxia could be abolished by acute normoxia (28%O2) within five minutes; VE returned to 99 l/min, VE/Vo2 to 2.46 1/100 ml, and PETCO2 to 40 mm Hg. Vo2 for the standard exercise (5 mph - 20% grade) for normoxic and acute hypoxic conditions were similar; 4421 and 4301 ml/min, but this variable decreased significantly upon chronic altitude exposure; 3966 ml/min. This decrement in Vo2 was attributed in part to a lower work of breathing. PMID- 1235151 TI - Isometric rowing strength of experienced and inexperienced oarsmen. AB - The significance of isometric muscle strength for rowing performance was studied. The questions investigated were: A) Is the isometric rowing strength (IRS) of oarsmen which is two to three times the dynamic force applied on the oar at maximal power rowing, a ratio which is equivalent to the maximal efficiency of Hill's force/velocity relationship? B) Is IRS higher among successful oarsmen that among those less so? C) Is isometric strength of individual muscle groups correlated to IRS? From measurments on 40 oarsmen the results showed: a) IRS among the most successful oarsmen was 2.6 times the dynamic force indicated in literature; b) IRS was 21 kp higher in the 7 international competitive oarsmen than in 22 national oarsmen, and 42 kp higher than IRS of 11 club oarsmen; and c) of eight other strength determinations only hand grip strength was correlated to IRS. It is suggested that IRS, but not isometric strength of individual muscle groups limits rowing performance. PMID- 1235152 TI - The gamma mass scanning technique for inertial anthropometric measurement. AB - The validity of the gamma mass scanner in predicting center of mass and moment of inertia of biological tissue was tested using legs of lamb. The reaction board, immersion and pendulum methods were used to obtain one or both the center of mass and moment of inertia of the legs. The results from these methods were compared with those obtained from the scanner. Results indicated that the gamma mass scanner consistently predicted the mass of the legs to within a 1% error, the center of gravity within 2.1% and moment of inertia to within 4.8%. Within the limits of this investigation it was concluded that the gamma mass scanner shows promise as a valid and exact method for determining the center of gravity and moment of inertia of biological tissue. PMID- 1235153 TI - A comparison of heart rate methods for predicting endurance training intensity. AB - Comparing results of various training studies is often confounded by use of different indices of exercise intensity. Two frequently used indices are: 1) the % HR max method (exercise at a HR corresponding to a chosen percentage of maximal HR), and 2) this study, % net VO2max was employed as the criterion measure of exercise intensity and a comparison was made between the prediction of % net VO2 MAXby the above two methods. Experiments were performed on nine males (M +/- SD age = 23.7 +/- 2.6 yrs) and consisted of double determinations of resting VO2 and multiple measurements of resting HR under five different conditions. Duplicate determinations of maximal VO2 and HR preceded a third treadmill test consisting of four, 5-minute workloads representing approx 25, 45, 65, and 85% net VO2max. The results demonstrated that the KM's prediction of exercise intensity was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from measured intensity at any of the four workloads. Additionally, the % HR max procedure yielded large, significant overpredictions of exercise intensity (29, 22, 16 and 8% overpredictions for the four submaximal intensities, respectively. These results suggest that the KM yields a training HR that reflects exercise intensity within reasonable limits of accuracy. PMID- 1235154 TI - Effect of a season of ice hockey on energy capacities and associated functions. AB - Two elite junior ice hockey teams with players ranging in age between 16 and 20 years were measured on an extensive battery of laboratory tests at the beginning and end of a season in order to determine adaptive changes in the energy supply systems and associated functions. Pre- to post-season changes in maximal aerobic power showed a significant increase of 3% (p less than .05) only when expressed in 1/min (4.30 vs 4.43). Additionally, when measurements were made on selected determinants of oxygen transport, no change was found in ventilation as reflected in VC (5.60 vs 5.52 /min), FEV1.0 (4.37 vs 4.44 l/min), MBC (185.1 vs 186.4 l/min) and maximum exercise VE (128.0 vs 128.1 l/min, STPD) or in the cardiovascular system as reflected in hematocrit (45.3 vs 44.4%), hemoglobin (16.4 vs 16.2 g%) and maximum exercise HR (192 vs 191 beats/min). On the other hand, indicates of change in the anaerobic energy supply systems were found. Maximal anaerobic capacity improved by 16.3% (p less than 0.05) when measured in terms of run time (64.3 vs 74.8 secs) and maximal anaerobic power by 4.7% (p less than 0.05) when expressed in m/sec (1.69 vs 1.77). Although comparable percentage increases were noted when peak lactate concentration and power (kgm/sec) were used as criterion measures for these tests respectively, statistical significance was not found. When the results were analyzed by position essentially the same changes were found. PMID- 1235155 TI - Effects of stressful underwater demolition training on body structure. AB - Antropometric measurements and Heath-Carter somatotype ratings were made on 32 subjects upon entry into a U.S. Navy underwriter demolition team training program. Twenty subjects successfully completed the 4-month program and were remeasured. Comparisons were made between initial and final scores for those completing training, and between initial scores for trainees who successfully completed the program and scores for those men who dropped from training, for the following variables: somatotype as a whole, three somatoptype components, height, weight, height/weight.33, sum of skinfolds, arm and calf girths, and bone breadths. No differences were seen between successful and unsuccessful trainees, on any variable, when results from the pre-training measurements were compared. Successful trainees did not change in height or bone breadths, but showed decreased skinfolds and height/weight.33, along with increased weight and girths. Successful trainees' somatotypes changed, with a decrease in endomorphy and ectomorphy, and an increase in mesomorphy. PMID- 1235156 TI - The effects of smoking marihuana on physical performance. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of marihuana on physical performance as determined by six variables: heart rate, blood pressure, muscular strength, physical work capacity, forced vital capacity, flow rate of expiration. Twenty volunteer human marihuana smokers took part in three experimental testing sessions. Each subject reported to a laboratory on three different days. Day one was used as their control testing sessions. Day two and three were the placebo and marihuana sessions. On day three the subject smoked marihuana if he had placebo on day two, and vice versa. The test batter measures consisted of resting heart rate, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, grip strength, forced vital capacity and flow rate and a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. There were significant differences between the marihuana treatment group and the other treatment groups in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and physical work capacity. PMID- 1235157 TI - [Unified statistic system and statistics of health care and health insurance[]. PMID- 1235158 TI - [Statistical information system in health care. Former development and current situation; current principles and bases for the satisfaction of needs; legal regulations and organization]. PMID- 1235159 TI - [The need for autonomic interest associations with statistical information and means of security measures for their information]. PMID- 1235160 TI - [Organization of work of the health care service --giving and utilization of information]. PMID- 1235161 TI - [Adaptation of the medical documentation system and the recording of needs of national defense, storage and safeguarding of regular statistic of data in the field of health care of interest to national defense]. PMID- 1235162 TI - [Current prin ciples and concepts in the organization of health-statistics in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 1235163 TI - [Organization of health-statistics on the level of unified work of health organizations, regional and subregional]. PMID- 1235164 TI - [Organization of health-statistics on the level state, provinical and federal]. PMID- 1235165 TI - [Financing of the work of health statistics-- participation of potential users]. PMID- 1235166 TI - [The health-care information system in general national defense]. PMID- 1235167 TI - [Definition of needs of the potential users of statistical information. Relationship between producer and user of the information]. PMID- 1235168 TI - [Production, needs and use of statistical information in the unified work of health organizations (OOUR or services) ambulatory-polyclinic or health center]. PMID- 1235169 TI - [Production, needs and use of statistical information in stationary health organizations]. PMID- 1235170 TI - [Needs and use of health-statistical information at the level of autonomic interest societies]. PMID- 1235171 TI - [Needs and use of health-statistical information at the level of autonomic interest societies. Foundation of the regional health-information system - Ljubljana]. PMID- 1235172 TI - [Needs and use of health-statistical information at the level of autonomic interest societies]. PMID- 1235173 TI - [Health statistics for the need of health care and health insurance]. PMID- 1235174 TI - [Needs and use of health-statistical information at the level of social-political societies -- communities, regions, states, provinces and federation. Need for the production of continuing statistical publications]. PMID- 1235176 TI - [Needs and means of coordination of vital statistics, health statistics and health insurance]. PMID- 1235175 TI - [Regular statistic studies and scientific research work]. PMID- 1235177 TI - Thrombolysis with a combination of small doses of streptokinase and full doses of heparin. PMID- 1235178 TI - Quantitative streptokinase determination in plasma of patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 1235179 TI - The interprofessional team as a small group. AB - Conflicts in interprofessional teamwork may be as much explained by group process considerations as by the interaction of professional roles and statuses. This paper examines the interprofessional team as a small group, using a synthesis of sources from social psychology, social group work, T-group literature, management theory, and health team research. Eight issues are considered in relation to the team as a small group, namely, (a) the individual in the group, (b) team size, (c) group norms, (d) democracy, (e) decision making and conflict resolution, (f) communication and structure, (g) leadership, and (h) group harmony and its relationship to group productivity. PMID- 1235180 TI - A club approach to social work treatment within a home dialysis program. AB - This article discusses one approach to helping patients and their families cope with the stresses of a program where dialysis treatments are performed at home. The "Home Dialysis Club" includes many facets and levels of group work treatment. The need for support is unending for families with this difficult life-style. The club approach offers ongoing services with flexibility to change as needs change. PMID- 1235181 TI - A systems approach to the provision of social work services in health settings: part 1. AB - This paper , the first of a two-part presentation, offers a socialogical view of the hospital as an institution within the economic, political, and value systems of the community. Systems theory is the conceptual framework for projecting the potential role of the social worker in health setting. Part 2, in the next issue, will deal with impediments and barriers to effective social work in hospitals as well as solution finding based on systems work in combination with direct service skills. PMID- 1235182 TI - The humanization of health care: a statement of scope and credo of Social Work in Health Care. PMID- 1235183 TI - Sample bias in patient evaluation of hospital social services. AB - An exploration of methodology for a follow-up system focusing on hospital patients who received social services identified significant problems of sample bias in the respondent group. Implications are raised for administrative utilization of this type of biased findings in evaluation of the effectiveness of social services, and for implementation of an ongoing system to collect evaluative data. Standardized patient follow-up by mail was judged to be a feasible means of obtaining this data which may, even under optimum response rates, offer difficulty for generalizing and assessing validity. PMID- 1235184 TI - Children's feelings about the hospital. AB - The concerned worker needs to know how children perceive the hospital. The institution, the illness, and the procedures evoke specific reactions in children. They fantasize about all of these, and question whether the hospital will help them. Through good communication, consideration, and sound information, it is possible to maximize the positive aspects of a hospitalization experience. PMID- 1235185 TI - Community fieldwork collaboration between medical and social work students. AB - This article describes an educational demonstration in interdisciplinary community field experiences between social work and medical students at the University of Kentucky Medical school, the hospital social service department, the school of social work, and community social and health agencies. The pilot program in which students from different professions lived for 6 weeks in outling rural communities served by the medical center, provided an opportunity: (a) to study the feasibility of combining a borad community health study experimence with casework services in a hospital-based educational program and (b) to assess the benefits of early interdisciplinary community and clinical work between future doctors and social workers. Students saw the advantages of cooperative teamwork in studying community problems, and were able to apply classroom theory about community organization to real community situations. The organizational structure and staff resources required to carry out such a demonstration are described, and the implications of the training project are discussed. PMID- 1235186 TI - Adolescents with sickle-cell anemia deal with life and death. AB - Confusion associated with the developmental problems of adolescence is intensified and prolonged for those suffering from sickle-cell anemia. Feelings of isolation and dependence due to a life-threatening disease can impede the transition to responsible, self-actualizing maturity. Weekly group meetings with nine young women suffering form sickle-cell anemia helped them move toward maturation and a sense of their own competence. The experience of closeness with other adolescents who shared the same vulnerabilities was mutually facilitating. These young women had been caught by a sense that it was impossible to progress to independent maturity, and so became resigned and passive. Yet an inner sense of vitality and their emerging sexuality occasionally sparked rebellion against this helplessness. Sexual senations and potential for family life were available counter-balances against recurrent association with pain and death. Through group support these linkages with hope were strengthened. PMID- 1235187 TI - Mobile consultation: an integrative approach to mental health service to children. AB - The authors describe the development of a consultation and education service in an inner-city catchment area. This service is unique in that its service pattern is integrated with a direct service component. It is implemented along a structural design incroporating a multidisciplinary mobile team responsive to variegated "consultation" requests from a dense population area with many first line service providers of independent or insulated character. Satellite locations exist in specific neighborhoods to provide service. Consultation efforts are classified as services to individuals, groups, and the community at large. PMID- 1235188 TI - Opportunities for leadership for the social worker in hospitals: an administrator's expectations. PMID- 1235189 TI - [Modified technic of sinusotomy]. PMID- 1235190 TI - [State of uveal circulation in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1235191 TI - [Clinical and prognostic value of orthoclinostatic tonometry in primary glaucoma]. PMID- 1235192 TI - [Clinico-electrophysiological characteristics of congenital glaucoma of childhood]. PMID- 1235193 TI - [Diaphanogonioscopy]. PMID- 1235194 TI - [New method of biomicroscopy of the posterior eye chamber and the periphery of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 1235196 TI - [Clinical characteristics of early (latent) stage of primary glaucoma]. PMID- 1235195 TI - [Phacoemulsification of cataract with implantation of an artificial lens]. PMID- 1235197 TI - [Accomodative convergence in concomitant strabismus in children with hypermetropia]. PMID- 1235198 TI - [Results of subtotal vitrectomy]. PMID- 1235199 TI - [Use of alternating magnetic field for removal of non-magnetic metallic foreign bodies]. PMID- 1235200 TI - [Contusions of soft tissue of the orbit]. PMID- 1235201 TI - [Use of lyophilized tissues in surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 1235202 TI - [Use of miscleron in the treatment of primary glaucoma]. PMID- 1235203 TI - [Surgical treatment of intraocular tumors]. PMID- 1235205 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on dehydrated corneal tissue]. PMID- 1235204 TI - [Hypersecretory glaucoma]. PMID- 1235207 TI - [Moore phenomenon]. PMID- 1235206 TI - [Sanation of the conjunctival cavity with pharmaceutic films impregnated with drugs]. PMID- 1235208 TI - [Retinal detachment according to the data of various medical institutions]. PMID- 1235209 TI - [Correction of late complication of orbital fracture]. PMID- 1235210 TI - [Rhinosporidiosis of the mucous membrane of the eyelids]. PMID- 1235211 TI - [Cardiovascular system in patients with primary glaucoma according to autopsy data]. PMID- 1235212 TI - [Pseudopapilledema]. PMID- 1235213 TI - [System of medical care institutions of a large complex in the electrotechnical industry located outside the city]. PMID- 1235214 TI - [Experience in orginizing a pulmonology service in Kemerovo Province]. PMID- 1235215 TI - [Some problems of the organization of tuberculosis control in Chelyabinsk Province]. PMID- 1235216 TI - [Public health and the health of the population in the Republic of Burundi]. PMID- 1235217 TI - Glucagon treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - CFY male rats anaesthetized with pentobarbital were used in different groups for inducing acute pancreatitis by the retrograde injection either of 1 mg elastase, 5 mg trypsin, 4 mg lysolecithin, 10 mg Na-taurocholate in 0.2 ml volume or of 0.3 m. sunflower oil. In each group laparatomized animals served for control. The animals with pancreatitis were treated either with 15 mug/b.w.kg/hour glucagon or with physiological saline for 72 hours. Twenty-four and 72 hours after inducing pancreatitis glucagon did not influence the significant fall in blood pressure elicited by the intraductal injection of trypsin or elastase or in the plasma calcium level in pancreatitis induced by trypsin or sunflower oil. Neither did glucagon affect the significant increase of plasma lipase activity in pancreatitis induced by trypsin or taurocholate. It also failed to reduce the 24 hour mortality rate and the extension of fat tissue necrosis in the abdominal cavity of pancreatitic animals. In contrast, glucagon treatment significantly reduced the amount of abdominal exudate associated with bile salt induced pancreatitis and, probably due to its pancreatic blood flow increasing effect, seemed to moderate the degree of tissue damage elicited in the pancreas by detergents such as taurocholate or lysolecithin. PMID- 1235218 TI - Failure of pentagastrin to potentiate the effect of histamine. AB - The gastric secretory response to pentagastrin and histamine administered jointly in maxiumum does by the subcutaneous route and in intravenous infusion, and in lower doses in infusion has been compared to the response to each of the two drugs administered by itself. No potentiating action was observed, some additive action was found on infusion of the drugs and even this action was confined to the lowest dose-levels. PMID- 1235219 TI - Pernicious anaemia: its pathogenesis in the light of the beneficial effect of duodenal intrinsic factor. AB - Oral ingestion of powdered duodenal mucosa with small doses of vitamin B12 proved efficient in four cases of untreated pernicious anaemia. The erythropoietic as well as the other responses were similar as those elicited by any reliable anti pernicious drug. It has thus been confirmed that the growth factor demonstrated earlier in human duodenal juice by means of E. coli mutant corresponds in fact to the intrinsic factor. It is suggested that besides the deficiency of gastric intrinsic factor the duodenal intrinsic factor and the immune mechanisms neutralizing it are also involved in the pathogenesis. It has been shown that the aqueous extracts of hog stomach and duodenum differ in addition to their growth factor and nitrogen contents, also in aminoacid composition. PMID- 1235220 TI - Biotransformation of 4 [4-14C]4-androsteni-3,17-dione by healthy human skin in vitro. AB - The metabolism of [4-14C]4-androstene-3,17-dione was investigated in vitro with healthy female and male abdominal skin slices. With a reverse isotope dilution method the following androgenically active metabolites were isolated and identified:5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, androsterone, epiandrosterone, testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The quantitative relations of the metabolites produced revealed that the main direction of the metabolism of 4 androstene-3,17-dione in the healthy female and male abdominal skin segments is the 5 alpha-reduction of the delta 4-5 double bond. The other significant pathway is towards the biosynthesis of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The importance of the androgenic steroids formed in the course of the biotransformation of 4-androstene-3, 17-dione in human skin is discussed. PMID- 1235221 TI - The metabolism of [4-14C]5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol by normal human skin in vitro. AB - Healthy female and male abdominal skin slices were incubated with [4-14C]5 androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. With a reverse isotope dilution method the following metabolites were isolated and identified: 5 alpha-androstane-3,17 dione, 4-androstene-3, 17-dione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, testosterone, 7-keto-5-androstene-3beta, 17 beta-diol, 7 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol-3-sulphate. The amounts of the metabolites formed showed that [4-14C]5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol was metabolized in different ways by healthy female and male abdominal skin slices. In female skin the main direction of metabolism leads to the formation of androgenic steroids, while in male skin the main biosynthetic route is the C7-oxidation of the substrate. The fact that 5 androstene-3beta, 17 beta-diol is transformed to a considerable extent to testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone proves that in human skin 5 androstene-3 beta, 1m beta-diol is a better precursor of the androgenic steroids than dehydroepiandrosterone or 4-androstene-3, 17-dione. PMID- 1235222 TI - Seasonal variations in plasma corticoid level. AB - Plasma 11-hydroxycorticoids have been determined in 25 normal young males in winter and in the hot humid summer days in Cairo. A seasonal variation could be detected with higher plasma levels in the summer. PMID- 1235223 TI - Syphilitic hepatitis: clinical, immunological and morphological aspects. AB - In 17 out of 176 cases of early syphilis (seropositive syphillis I; syphilis II) liver function tests yielded a positive result. In these patients a significant increase in the serum IgG, IgM and coeruloplasmin levels and a decrease in t4e transferrin level was found. The concentrations of alpha-2-macroglobulin and of beta-1-C-globulin were practically uneffected. Liver biopsy revealed hepatitis of variable severity in 13 patients with focal necroses or a proliferative process effecting the walls of the central veins, the arterioles and the branches of the portal vein. In 7 cases the presence of Treponema in the liver was demonstrated. PMID- 1235224 TI - Critical flicker frequency series effect in epileptic and in neurotic patients. II. Difference in the variation range ratios of continuous and intermittent CFF series. AB - In a previous study (1970) a lowering of the CFFSE (Critical Flicker Frequency Series Effect) level from morning to noon was shown. In a group of 18 neurotic subjects 17--34 years of age, an opposite learning effect in the CFFSE level variation, increasing from the first day of examinations to the third one and in a group of 17 epileptic subjects of similar age a decrease of the same was observed. The recent study has corroborated the findings in 195 neurotic and 73 epileptic patients of the same age groups with the following additions. The "negative" learning effect of the epileptics proved to be more intensive in females than in males. The contrast in both positive and negative learning effects between neurotic and epileptic males of 17--34 age was most accentuated in the forenoon. Deviations in the variation range ratios of continuous and intermittent CFF series between the two groups occurred in each age group. The average variation of this ratio in 855 subjects with neurosis, epilepsy and some other diseases seems to point to the occurrence of systematic differences in the pathophysiological function of the brain, changing from organic cerebral lesions through neurosis to organ neuroses. PMID- 1235225 TI - Endoscopic assessment of gastric polyps. AB - The results of fibre gastroscopy in 100 patients with gastric polyp are reported. The polyps were removed in 38 patients. All cases were followed up. No malignant transformation of the polyp was demonstrable in any of the cases. The polypous growth proved to be early gastric carcinoma in two cases, neurogenic sarcoma in one case. The polyp was associated with gastric carcinoma in 11 cases, with gastric sarcoma in one case, and with tumours of other digestive organs in five cases. It has been concluded that 1. diagnosis and correct assessment of gastric polyps rest on the evidence of endoscopy. 2. In the majority of cases polypoid lesions of the stomach are either benign or malignant from the very outset. Endoscopy coupled with biopsy directed at the representative sites of the polyp permits differentiation between benigh and malignant cases with a fair degree of accuracy. 3. Removal of polyps should be selective. 4. Association of gastric polyps with gastric carcinoma is far more frequent than malignant transformation of the polyp. 5. Endoscopic follow-up of polyps is imperative even in polypectomized cases. 6. Detection of a gastric polyp necessitates a search for tumours of other organs. PMID- 1235226 TI - Effect of hypocalcaemia and lipid peroxidation on experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - It has been studied whether hypocalcaemia increased the mortality rate of experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat, and whether lipids injected into the pancreas underwent peroxidation, damaging thereby the gland. Prolonged hypocalcaemia was induced by bilateral parathyrodectomy and intensified by a calcium-deficient diet. Parathyroidectomy significantly decreased also arterial blood pressure. Three hours after their intraductal injection, both 0.2 ml sunflower oil and 5 mg trypsin significantly decreased arterial blood pressure in the non-parathyroidectomized animals and so did 5 mg trypsin in the parathyroidectomized ones; sunflower oil decreased the blood calcium level below 5 mg/100 ml in parathyroidectomized rats fed a calcium-deficient diet. No differences were found in the mortality rates of nonparathyroidectomized normocalcaemic rats and parathyroidectomized hypocalcaemic ones, or in the extent and gravity of pancreatic injury and in the extent of fat tissue necrosis at 3 and 24 hours after the intraductal injection of 0.2 ml sunflower oil or 5 mg trypsin. Sunflower oil, oleic acid and linoleic acid injected by retrograde way into the pancreas in 0.2 ml volume each induced extensive danage to the acinar parenchyma, while liquid paraffin failed to do so. Among these agents, only linoleic acid increased, as a sign of lipid peroxidation, malonaldehyde concentration in the pancreatic tissue. Linoleic acid injected into the submaxillary salivary gland in 0.1 ml volume induced extensive tissue damage, while sunflower oil, oleic acid failed to do so. PMID- 1235227 TI - Effect of the protein-synthesis inhibitor actinomycin-D on the renin-angiotensin system in the rat. AB - The effect of actinomycin-D on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system has been studied in the rat. Treatment with the drug caused blood pressure, plasma renin activity and plasma renin substrate level to decrease. The results suggest that in the blood pressure-decreasing effect a reduction of the activity of the renin-angiotensin system had a role. This contradicts the view that actinomycin-D has no influence on renin production in the kidney. PMID- 1235228 TI - Blood glucose and insulin levels in thymectomized rats. AB - The rise of blood glucose level under sugar load was much greater in thymectomized than in normal rats, whereas the insulin level remained practically unchanged. This suggests that the rise of blood sugar level is due to two factors, one being the accumulation in blood of a substance, corresponding to the blood glucose level stimulator stored in the thymus, the other the simultaneous inhibition of insulin production, or of insulin transport, into blood. PMID- 1235229 TI - Corticosteroid receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. AB - Corticosteroid receptors were demonstrated in the medial hypothalamus, the hippocampus and the parietal cortex of the rat while no such receptors were found in the hypophysis, the amygdala and the anterior hypothalamus. The findings suggest the role of extrahypothalamic regions in the perception of corticosteroid feedback as well as in the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenal function and do not support the assumption that corticosteroids would inhibit corticotrophin secretion by acting directly on the hypophysis. PMID- 1235230 TI - The physostigmine depolarization potentiating effect of salicylate in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1) The frog's sartorius muscle was depolarized depending on the degree of concentration 2--4 times more intensely by physostigmine salicylate than by physostigmine sulphate. 2) In normal Ringer's solution, 1 mM physostigmine salicylate decreased the sensitivity of the membrane to potassium depolarization by about 90%. Under similar experimental conditions, physostigmine sulphate and Na salicylate, respectively, decrease the sensitivity of the membrane to potassium depolarization by about 30%. 3) The difference manifested in the depolarizing effect of salicylate and other physostigmine salts (chloride, sulphate, phosphate, formiate, acetate, monochloracetate, benzoate and para-oxy benzoate) is expressed already at 1 mM concentration (about 10-fold), if the muscle had been equilibrated in chloride-free glucuronate or sulphate milieu. 4) The depolarization develops slowly. It takes 30--60 minutes for the new steady state to develop even in the superficial sartorius fibres. If depolarization has reached its maximum on an average 100 mV, the membrane potential remains unchanged for hours. 5) Depolarization ensues at an unchanged degree in the presence of Na-free (choline) Ringer as well as in the presence of 2X10(-8) g/ml tetrodotoxin; therefore, it is not a Na-dependent process. 6) Under the influence of 1 mM physostigmine salicylate the membrane's resistance to the inward potassium current increased about twofold, while the increase was only 15% to the outward potassium current. It is assumed that the salicylate anion is characteristically capable of potentiating the decreasing effect of physostigmine on potassium permeability, though the role of the metabolic effect of salicylate cannot be excluded. PMID- 1235231 TI - Effect of anaesthetics on the sympathetic reflex. AB - i) In the awake animal, neither a late response nor a silent period could be evoked from the tibial nerve. Somatic afferentation with impulse trains failed to inhibit efferent sympathetic activity. On the other hand, vagal afferentation had an inhibitory action also in the awake animal. In the awake animal, the excitatory processes are dominant. ii) Urethan anaesthesia did not influence the sympathetic nervous processes; the reflex response were practically the same as in the awake animal. iii) Chloralose anaesthesia altered the sympathetic reflex observable in the awake animal. Somatic afferentation of low threshold voltage already elicited a late response and a silent period; in addition, a high degree of summation ability of silent periods was apparent. Thus, chloralose anaesthesia seems to raise the excitatory level of the sympathetic centres in the direction of inhibition. iv) Combined chloralose+urethan anaesthesia, under which investigations are usually performed, was seem to affect the reactivity of the sympathetic centres in the same way as did chloralose anaesthesia. PMID- 1235232 TI - Circulatory regulation in anuric rats: anuria and haemorrhagic hypotension. AB - In rats made anuric by ureteral ligation or by creating a bladder-caval venous shunt, cardiac index increased and total peripheral resistance decreased proportionally to the change in the serum NPN level. Circulating blood and plasma volume did not change. In ureteral-ligated or bladder-caval venous-shunted rats, cardiac output and its organ fractions were determined by SAPIRSTEIN'S technique. In the ureteral-ligated animals, vasoconstriction in the kidneys, and vasodilation in the skin were found. After bladder-caval shunt, vasodilatation developed in the myocardium, gut, skin and carcass. After ureteral ligation, posthaemorrhagic shifting decreased mainly the renal flow, while after a bladder caval venous shunt, mainly the renal and intestinal flows. PMID- 1235234 TI - Cell membrane. Structure, receptors, and transport. Introduction. PMID- 1235233 TI - Absorption, distribution and elimination of azidomorphine and related substances. AB - The absorption, distribution and elimination of 14C- and 3H-azidomorphine, 3H-14 OH-azidomorphine, 14C- and 3H-azidocodeine and 3H-azidoethylmorphine were studied in comparison to 14-C-morphine. Whole body autoradiography of pregnant mice, quantitative estimations of tissue radioactivity in male mice, brain autoradiography, subcellular distribution in rat brain and elimination studies in rats were performed. Azidomorphine and morphine are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at the same rate but the absorption of 14-OH azidomorphine, azidocodeine and azidoethylmorphine exceeds that of the formers. The azidomorphines pass across the blood-brain barrier more readily than does morphine. In rats treated with azidomorphines, 30--50% of the doses given were excreted with the urine the first 4 hours and about 90% within 48 hours; whereas 2--5% were recovered from the collected stools. PMID- 1235235 TI - Orientation of glycoproteins in cell membranes. PMID- 1235236 TI - Classic electrolyte distribution and transport--mathematical principles. PMID- 1235237 TI - Structure of membranes. PMID- 1235238 TI - Expression and analysis of membrane phenomena associated with major histocompatibility genes. PMID- 1235239 TI - Objective measurement of human motor activity: a preliminary normative study. AB - Motor activity values have been generated for a population of young adult subjects in order to develop normative values for motor activity levels. Using the large-scale-integrated (LSI) motor activity monitor, day and night motor activity have been continuously and noninvasively monitored for approximately 1 month on 13 normal subjects. Comparisons between measured and self-rated motor activity tend to validate this technique. The results are discussed in relation to ongoing motor activity studies showing definite changes in activity associated with fluctuations in mood and anxiety. PMID- 1235240 TI - The problem of skin-electrode processes during medical electrography. AB - The processes were studied which take place at the skin-electrode zone when surface electrodes are applied to the human body for the medical electrography (ECG, EEG, EMG, etc.). These processes were investigated from the point of view of their influence on the distortion-resistence and the precision of the biopotential registration; they were studied also as a possible source of bioinformation. The results of the experimental research are discussed. PMID- 1235241 TI - The properties of bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers and as receptors of microwave radiation. I. Bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers. AB - An investigation was made of the properties of bird feathers as piezoelectric transducers in the audiofrequency range and as dielectric receptors of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region. In the first case, cartridges of the ceramic and magnetic type and an electromagnetic transducer probe were used as detecting devices. Results show piezoelectric resonances in the 1 to 20 kHz region for the calami of feathers. PMID- 1235243 TI - "The physiology of taste. Electrophysiological experiments on human taste nerves". PMID- 1235242 TI - Fluid input control in burned patients with the aid of ultrasonic arterial blood pressure monitoring. AB - Arterial blood pressure is nowadays easily and reliably measured with ultrasonic equipment. It correlates well with blood volume, and may therefore be used to guide fluid infusion in burned patients. Monitoring of blood pressure, instead of application of old-fashioned recipes, helps to avoid dangerous situations of hypovolemia or overload. PMID- 1235244 TI - [Aldosterone]. PMID- 1235245 TI - [An in vivo test for prostaglandin synthesis]. PMID- 1235247 TI - Vegetables, international co-operation and journal space. AB - Many salad and vegetable plants are allergenic. Screening patch tests are restricted to known allergenic plant families. Aimed patch tests include all environmental plant contactants. Taraxacum (Dandelion) yields a potentially allergenic sesquiterpenelactone. International co-operation in authorship can save journal space. PMID- 1235246 TI - The angry back syndrome: eczema creates eczema. AB - False positive patch test reactions are common when the skin of the back is hper reactive. Such reactions can obscure or invalidate observations of multiple specific sensitivity and of cross-sensitivity to contactants. The pathogenesis of the hyper-reactive skin ('angry back') is discussed and a mechanism postulated for the notion that eczema at certain sites can provoke an eczematous tendency at other sites. PMID- 1235248 TI - Value of a new technique of sensitization to dinitro-2, 4-chlorobenzene. AB - Experimental sensitization to dinitro-2,4-chlorobenzene (DNCB) is being studied according to different techniques, the variable factors being the concentrations of DNCB, the number of applications and the time between the sensitizing application and the reading of the challenge test. The authors relate and discuss their technique (only one touch of a drop of 10% DNCB in acetone, covered with a cover-slip and left to evaporate), the results and the advantages: in particular, stanardization of the parameters of sensitization, (quantity of DNCB, area and time of application) and reduction in the risk of toxic effects inherent in excessively high concentrations of DNCB. In addition, the authors emphasize the fundamental significance of the length of time needed to acquire experimental sensitization. PMID- 1235249 TI - Para-chloro-meta-xylenol allergic contact dermatitis in seven individuals. AB - Seven individuals are discussed who developed allergic contact dermatitis following sensitization to the antibacterial agent parachlorometaxylenol (chloroxylenol, PCMX) contained in either medicated Vaseline or in electro cardiogram paste. The hazard of PCMX sensitization is great in that this chemical is present in over 30 "across the counter" products. PCMX sensitive people may cross-react to chlorocresol. PMID- 1235250 TI - Epidemiology of contact dermatitis in Geneva (1000 cases). AB - Results concerning 1,000 cases of contact dermatitis with positive patch tests are presented. The allergens which are responsible for about 50% of our cases are: turpentine, nickel, hexavalent chromium and organic mercurial compounds. These results are compared with those of other countries. As in the industrial world there should be information given to the general public to reduce the incidence of contact dermatitis. PMID- 1235251 TI - Allergic "contact" dermatitis from disulfiram implants. AB - Two cases of allergic "contact" dermatitis to implanted disulfiram (tetraethythiuramdisulfide or TETD) pellets are described. This side effect has never been reported before. Other local complications from disulfiram implantations are reviewed. PMID- 1235252 TI - Acute laryngeal obstruction presumed secondary to thiomersal (merthiolate) delayed hypersensitivity. AB - A patient treated his slight score-throat with a thiomersal first aid spray. The next day, because of continued discomfort, he repeated its use. Laryngeal obstruction followed within hours. Emergency tracheostomy produced prompt improvement. Patch testing revealed an extreme spreading reaction to thiomersal. It is our interpretation that the acute laryngeal obstruction was delayed hypersensitivity to this first aid spray. PMID- 1235253 TI - Contact allergy to Frullania and Laurus Nobilis: cross-sensitization and chemical structure of the allergens. AB - Cross-sensitization between two plant allergens, Frullania and Laurus Nobilis (L.), has been demonstrated in Strabourg. A review of the haptens isolated from Frullania outlines the importance of the purification of allergen to ascertain the nature of the causative agent. New results on laurel oil point to the possibility of a common denominator (the a-methylene gamga-butyrolactone moiety) between this plant and Frullania; former results are re-interpreted and analyzed. In conclusion, the importance of physico-chemical methods used to purify and isolate haptens, and help in their definition, is stressed. PMID- 1235254 TI - Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens. AB - The maximization test for detecting contact allergens has proved to possess both sensitivity and specificity. However, modifications have become necessary because of excessive irritancy reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate. Fewer exposures are now recommended during induction and lower concentrations for challenge patch testing. Pre-testing of each subject in the panel is now standard procedure. The problem of interpreting challenge patch tests is discussed in detail. PMID- 1235255 TI - Perfume sensitivity. PMID- 1235256 TI - Patch test reactions to Rockwool. PMID- 1235257 TI - Skin problems with surgical stomata. PMID- 1235258 TI - Allergy to propantheline in an antiperspirant (Ercoril lotion). PMID- 1235259 TI - The oil of bergamot photopatch test. PMID- 1235260 TI - Possible substitution for mercaptobenzothiazole in rubber. PMID- 1235261 TI - Polyethyleneglycol: allergic contact dermatitis potential. PMID- 1235262 TI - Pattern of hypersensitivity to aromatic amines. PMID- 1235263 TI - Sensitization to mercury in kerosene and exacerbation from red tattoo. PMID- 1235264 TI - Routine photopatch testing in patients with photodermatoses. PMID- 1235265 TI - Allergy to Dermophil Indien. PMID- 1235267 TI - A case of allergy to colophony in a facial cosmetic. PMID- 1235266 TI - Contact allergy to dibenzthion. PMID- 1235268 TI - Photodermatitis from halogenated salicylanilides in Germany. PMID- 1235269 TI - Contact allergy to gold. PMID- 1235271 TI - Is hair dyed with para-phenylenediamine allergenic? PMID- 1235270 TI - Contact allergy to chloracetamide. PMID- 1235272 TI - False negative tests with epoxy resin. PMID- 1235273 TI - Marking pen dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis due to a fast drying resin (Arochem 455). PMID- 1235274 TI - Protective capacity of gloves used for handling of nitrogen mustard. PMID- 1235275 TI - Erythema multiforme as an expression of contact dermatitis. PMID- 1235276 TI - Effect of some irritants on human epidermal mitosis. AB - Studies on how irritant materials might induce epidermal hyperplasia were initiated by investigating their influence on epidermal mitosis. 5% hydrochloric acid, neat dimethyl acetamide and 1% benzalkonium chloride had no effect. 5% benzalkonium chloride, however, produced a 10-fold increase in mitotic activity, while a dose response curve was seen with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) peaking at 1%. 1% SLS produced a remarkably uniform response for this type of assay and it is suggested that it might provide a useful model for situations of increased epidermal cell turnover such as psoriasis. It is also noted that there was apparently no direct relationship between gross inflammation and the mitotic response. PMID- 1235278 TI - Contact sensitivity in atopic dermatitis. AB - With the exception of certain drugs, some contactants give positive patch test reactions less frequently in patients with atopic dermatitis than in all patients with dermatitis. Both among atopics and other dermatitis patients, women reacted positively to most drugs more frequently than men did. In Poland, positive patch tests to balsams are rare in atopics. PMID- 1235277 TI - The frequency of contact sensitivity in North America 1972-74. AB - Three thousand subjects in North America were patch-tested with 19 allergens. The most frequent sensitizers observed include nickel sulfate, caine mixture, potassium dichromate, balsam of Peru, thimerosal, ethylenediamine hydrochloride, paraphenylenediamine and thiram. The prevalence data compared with an earlier study indicates that the initial allergens reported warrant their continued inclusion in a routine patch test screening series in North America. PMID- 1235279 TI - Contact sensitivity to Irgasan DP 300. AB - Two persons had allergic contact dermatitis caused by Irgasan 0,2% in a deodorant foot-powder and 0,12% in a deodorant stick respectively. Both had positive patch test reactions to Irgasan 2% pet. One patient was further tested with Irgasan 1% pet. and 0,5% pet. She had positive reactions to these dilutions. In a blind half sided usage test, a soap bar containing 0,5% Irgasan caused mild itching and a percepitble erythema, although the use of this soap was otherwise tolerated for one month. The soap bar without Irgasan caused no reactions. Although primary sensitization from Irgasan toilet soaps has not been reported, a previously sensitized person may react to the use of Irgasan in soaps. PMID- 1235280 TI - Allergic dermatitis from a new pesticide. AB - In four patients suffering from allergic contact eczema, the risk of sensitization to a new residue-leaving fungicide (Plondrel) used in spraying roses is considered. Two patients, however, were probably also sensitized to materials from the roses themselves. By gas-liquid chromatography the amount of the fungicide, especially in the leaves of roses, appeared to be rather high. The role of pesticides has to be considered when sensitizing agents of plant dermatitis are investigated. PMID- 1235281 TI - Elastotic and citrine skin following an allergic photo-contact dermatitis in a child. AB - A case of Phenergan-induced allergic photo-contact dermatitis in a boy aged 11 years is described. The condition produced a dermatological picture of senile looking elastosis and citrine skin in exposed areas. PMID- 1235282 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to All-trans-retinoic acid; epicutaneous and leukocyte migration inhibition testing. AB - Two male prison volunteers had severe cutaneous reactions to the initial patch testing of All-trans-retinoic acid containing products being evaluated for irritancy. Muliple patch testing procedures performed throughout one year, along with leukocyte migration inhibition studies, speak strongly for delayed hypersensitivity reactions in these subjects. The failure to document a previous exposure in subjects living in a controlled environment suggests that these responses were cross-reactions to a prior sensitizer, perhaps unique to this environment. PMID- 1235283 TI - "Spontaneous flare" to p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin. PMID- 1235284 TI - Dermatitis casued by buttercups (Ranunculus). PMID- 1235285 TI - Post-operative dermatitis following non-epidermal nickel contact. PMID- 1235286 TI - Irgasan DP300 in a deodorant. PMID- 1235287 TI - Chromate in postage stamps. PMID- 1235288 TI - Panty hose dermatitis resembling and complicating tinea pedis. PMID- 1235289 TI - Scuba diver facial dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis to N-isopropyl-N phenylpara-phenylenediamine. PMID- 1235290 TI - Allergic reaction to a hair dye elicited by an ointment containing DMSO. PMID- 1235291 TI - Allergic contact eczema by Hexomedine. PMID- 1235292 TI - Contact eczema caused by a gold wedding ring? PMID- 1235293 TI - Contact sensitization of guinea-pigs with unsaturated and halogenated sultones. AB - The sensitizing properties of unsaturated and halogenated sultones were examined in a guinea-pig model for contact hypersensitivity. The sensitization potential of 2-chloro-1,3-dodecanesultone was similar to that of 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (DNCB). 2-bromo-1,3-dodecanesultone, 1-decene-1,3-sultone, 1 decene-1,3-sultone, 1-tetradecene-1,3-sultone and 1-hexadecene-1,3-sultone were stronger senistizers than DNCB. Ectensive cross-reactivity was observed among sultones of the same side-chain length, but differing from each other in being either unsaturated or halogenated. Extensive cross-reactivity was also noted among 4 unsaturated sultones of differing side-chain lengths. The inter relationships among these sultones in regard to their immunogenic and tolerogenic properties are discussed. PMID- 1235294 TI - Lauryl ether sulphate dermatitis in Denmark. AB - Lauryl ether sulphate (LES), a synthetic detergent, may sometimes contain an allergenic impurity, which has given rise to several outbreaks of contact dermatitis. Such an outbreak occurred in Denmark in 1971. All cases diagnosed were confined to one household, while other cases may have passed unnoticed. PMID- 1235295 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride: cross sensitivity to some related haloalkylamine compounds. AB - Contact dermatitis from phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride occurred in a woman laboratory technician. Sensitization to this chemical was produced in guinea pigs. Cross-sensitivity to related compounds may be due to the chloroethylamine moiety of the molecule. No cross-sensitivity was observed to the dichlorodiethylamine compound, nitrogen mustard. PMID- 1235296 TI - Occupational koilonychia from organic solvents. AB - Occupational koilonychia of the finger-nails among cabinet makers is reported. Six cases occurred in workers in close contact with a mixture of organic solvents (thinners). The deformity involved particularly the thumb, index and middle finger-nails, due to a particular way of cleaning metal accessories in finished furniture. The possible mechanism is discussed. PMID- 1235297 TI - Reactions to dental impression materials. AB - In the department of prostheitc dentistry at Groningen, during the past four years, approximately 2,000 persons have been treated with Scutan, and epimine plastic for temporary crowns and bridges and Impregum, a polyether impression material. A total of ten patients complained of untoward reactions. Patch tests with the basic materials were performed on four of them. Positive allergic reactions were obtained to patch tests with the catalyst methyl p. toluene sulfonate 0.1% in dibenzyltoluol present in Scutan, and the catalyst methyldichlorobenzene sulfonate 0.1% in dibenzyltoluol present in Impregum. Four control subjects did not react to these concentrations. PMID- 1235298 TI - Susceptibility to primary irritants: age dependence and relation to contact allergic reactions. AB - Patch tests with three primary irritants were performed in 600 persons with eczema and in 33 healthy controls, The irritants assayed were: croton oil (20%) in mineral oil, thymoquinone (1%) in ethanol and crotonaldehyde (7.5%) plus sodium lauryl sulphate (4%) in aqua dest. The number of positive reactions to croton oil was found to decrease with age, while for thymoquinone and crotonaldehyde and for the total irritant score no age dependence was observed. No significant correlation was found between sensitization to common contact allergens and susceptibility to irritants. The incidence of positive reactions to common allergens proved to increase with age. PMID- 1235299 TI - 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization of psoriatic patients. PMID- 1235300 TI - Dibutyl phthalate. PMID- 1235301 TI - Eczema from the smodingium argutum shrub (Anacardiaceae). PMID- 1235302 TI - Contact dermatitis from lead cyanamide. PMID- 1235303 TI - "Destroy Parthenium" campaign. PMID- 1235304 TI - Patch test sensitization from d,l-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). PMID- 1235305 TI - Patch testing with some components of balsam of Peru. PMID- 1235306 TI - Reactions to gallic acid esters. PMID- 1235307 TI - Split earlobe syndrome. PMID- 1235308 TI - Dibutyl phthalate sensitivity. PMID- 1235309 TI - Sensitivity to parabens in Codella barrier cream. PMID- 1235310 TI - Secaderm salve. PMID- 1235311 TI - Assessment of acute respiratory failure: cardiac versus pulmonary causes. PMID- 1235312 TI - Echocardiographic differentiation of mediastinal tumors from primary cardiac disease. AB - Three cases of mediastinal tumors (thymic cyst, fibrosarcoma, fibrolipoma) mimicking primary cardiac disease were studied by echocardiography. The echocardiographic findings of the thymic cyst are presented and the echocardiograms in the other two patients discussed. Intrinsic cardiac pathology was excluded and discovery of abnormal extracardiac echoes prompted further investigation. In each instance, the echocardiographic interpretation of the nature and position of each extracardiac mass was confirmed by surgery or autopsy. We conclude that echocardiography is a useful noninvasive technique in differentiating between cardiac and extracardiac disease, and should be performed whenever an unusual or enlarged cardiac silhouette is encountered. PMID- 1235313 TI - A simplified method for measuring helium closing volume. AB - A simple method for delivering a constant volume of helium for the measurement of airway closing volume is described. Using a standard fiveway valve and PVC plastic irrigation pipe, a device was constructed which permits the delivery of a uniform volume of helium and avoids the troublesome valve change during inspiration. Results obtained when using this device were comparable to those with the use of conventional bag to contain the helium. PMID- 1235314 TI - Amebic pericarditis. AB - Amebic pericarditis in a 40-year-old man who presented with insidious onset of symptoms is reported. Pericarditis is an infrequent complication of liver abscess and accounts for 4 percent of all extraintestinal amebiasis. Communication between the left lobe of liver and pericardium has been demonstrated in this patient. PMID- 1235315 TI - Cardiac compression due to closure of the median sternotomy in open heart surgery. AB - Following open heart surgery, approximation of the median sternotomy can compress the heart and produce cardiac tamponade. A proposed new technique to eliminate this compression by sternal traction is presented. PMID- 1235316 TI - Pneumopericardium associated with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A case of pneumopericardium associated with primary bronchogenic carcinoma is reported. This association between bronchogenic carcinoma and pneumopericardium has not been reported. The roentgenographic features of pneumopericardium are discussed. PMID- 1235317 TI - Scleroderma heart disease with slow flow velocity in coronary arteries. AB - A young woman with scleroderma heart disease is presented. Complete work-up including hemodynamic studies revealed biventricular dysfunction, left ventricular hypokinesia and normal coronary arteries with slow flow velocity in coronary arteries. This finding, though not diagnostic, is consistent with small vessels disease secondary to scleroderma. Favorable prognosis in our patient on medical management is encouraging. No conclusions can be drawn on the basis of one patient. Further work is warranted in scleroderma patients with cardiomegaly to define the status of the myocardial microcirculation and its possible role in their prognosis. PMID- 1235318 TI - Surgical treatment of leukemic involvement of the mitral valve. AB - A patient with severe mitral insufficiency due to infiltration of the valve and myocardium by leukemic lymphocytes is presented. Treatment was replacement of the valve with a prosthesis. The significance of this patient lies in the rarity of the clinical state and the novelty of treatment. PMID- 1235319 TI - Active pulmonary hemorrhage localized by selective pulmonary angiography. AB - Massive hemoptysis in a young woman with negative chest film findings is presented. By using selective pulmonary artery angiography during active pulmonary bleeding, the following findings were demonstrated: (1) intraparenchymal hemorrhage, (2) clearing of blood from the lung and bronchial tree by coughing, (3) early filling of the inferior pulmonary vein. Following lobectomy, specimen angiography suggests the presence of a small arteriovenous fistula. This experience demonstrates that selective pulmonary arteriography may be a useful adjunct in the management of selected patients with massive hemoptysis of obscure etiology. PMID- 1235320 TI - Hyperventilation-induced T-wave changes in the limb lead electrocardiogram. AB - Seventy-two healthy young individuals were subjected to controlled, moderate hyperventilation with room air and with 4.9 percent CO2 in air, and monitored electrocardiographically. Significant summed frontal T-wave changes with hyperventilation (sigmaT1,2,3 larger than or equal to 1.5 mm) were observed in 12 patients. Six subjects (8.3 percent) showed T-wave depression. It was reversed in five patients by hyperventilation with 4.9 percent CO2 in air. T-wave elevation, observed in six subjects, was reversed in four patients by hyperventilation with 4.9 percent CO2. A short period of hyperventilation with an air mixture containing 4-5 percent CO2 is suggested as a means of screening patients under suspicion of ischemic heart disease exclusively on the basis of ECG changes. PMID- 1235321 TI - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pulmonary assist in patients with ARF. PMID- 1235322 TI - Primary lung cancer and the Chilaiditi syndrome. PMID- 1235323 TI - The atypical Adams-Stokes attack. PMID- 1235325 TI - Ventricular version. PMID- 1235324 TI - Primary lung cancer in a chest clinic: diagnosis and prognosis. AB - This reports a retrospective study of primary cancer of the lung diagnosed in the chest clinics of the Odense and Assens counties in Denmark during the period 1960 to 1966. There were 212 patients, 171 of whom had been referred because of symptoms, and 41 who were found in group screening. Of the latter, 13 had no symptoms. The histologic diagnosis, the diagnostic procedures on which the diagnosis was based, and the treatment are reported. Twenty percent of the patients were alive after five years, as compared with the calculated 13.5 percent for all cancers of the lung in the two counties. A close collaboration between general practitioners, chest clinics, and departments of thoracic surgery is stressed as a means of further improving the prognosis. PMID- 1235326 TI - Cytology of respiratory epithelium as a predictor of respiratory complications after operation. AB - A study of 111 patients undergoing elective surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia has shown that the pulmonary complication rate after operation is minimal in nonsmokers (7.9 percent) and that it rises steadily as smoking habit increases, reaching 43 percent in very heavy smokers. Peak expiratory flow rate and timed vital capacity (FEV1) were unaffected before operation except in very heavy smokers. The morphologic integrity of the ciliated tracheobronchial epithelial cells seen in smears obtained within ten minutes of the onset of anesthesia and quantitated by a scoring system, deteriorates progressively with increasing smoking habit and constitutes the most sensitive index for the prediction of diminished resistance to the stress of anesthesia and operation and of incipient chronic obstructive lung disease in smokers. PMID- 1235327 TI - Evidence suggesting dual A-V nodal pathways in patients without supraventricular tachycardias. AB - Electrophysiologic evidence for dual pathways of conduction through the A-V node is presented in three patients without history of supraventricular tachycardia. In case 1, abrupt spontaneous changes in the PR interval from 0.17 to 0.42 second were seen. His bundle electrographic studies showed two sets of A-H intervals during sinus rhythm and at several atrial pacing rates, although at rates over 100 per minute only the slow pathway conducted. Using the extrastimulus method, different refractory periods for the fast and slow pathways were documented. Cases 2 and 3 underwent His bundle electrography studies to evaluate intraventricular conduction defects. During atrial pacing studies abrupt changes in the A-H interval, from 220 to 470 msec and from 220 to 370 msec, were observed on increasing the pacing rate from 90 to 95 per minute in case 2 and from 120 to 130 per minute in case 3. In these two patients, dual A-V nodal pathways were suggested by the sudden changes in the A-H -interval at critical pacing rates. These findings indicate that evidence suggesting dual pathways of conduction through the A-V node may not be an uncommon finding and may be present without the manifestation of recurrent supraventricular tachycardias. PMID- 1235329 TI - Cigarette smoking and arteriographically demonstrable coronary artery disease. AB - Patients undergoing selective coronary arteriography were studied to determine whether the extend of their coronary artery disease (CAD) was related to cigarette consumption. Those without demonstrable lesions averaged 29.0 pack years. Patients with single vessel disease, 38.3 pack years, those with double vessel disease 44.9 pack years and those with triple vessel disease 67.5 pack years. Nonsmokers with significant CAD were ten years older than their smoking counterparts (p less than 0.01). Forty-seven percent of patients with no demonstrable disease were nonsmokers whereas only 18 percnet of those with CAD were nonsmokers (p less than 0.001). Sixty-nine percent of nonsmoking normotensive patients had no CAD whereas only 23 percent of nonsmoking hypertensive patients fell in the no CAD category (p=0.01-0.005). This study demonstrates a correlation between the number of cigarettes consumed and the severity of CAD as well as the accelerating effect of cigarette consumption on the development of CAD. It also suggests that symptomatic CAD in a normotensive nonsmoker is unusual. PMID- 1235328 TI - Adams-Stokes seizures due to ventricular tachydysrhythmias in patients with heart block: prevalence and problems of management. AB - One hundred and twelve patients with heart block and chronic tendency to syncope were ECG-monitored during syncope. Ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation (VT-VF) was observed as the cause of syncope in 11 patients: in 6 of 20 patients with chronic third degree A-V block, in 3 of 65 with paroxysmal A-V block and in 2 of 27 with S-A block. The R-R interval preceding the escape beat which initiated VT-VF varied between 1.2 and 2.2 seconds. The cerebral attacks were amenable to long-term pacemaker treatment. However, relapses of VT-VF were observed during pacing with a low rate of 55 per minute and during short interruptions in pacing, as produced by intermittent pacemaker failure or threshold determination. In one patient, supplementary treatment with a beta blocking agent had to be given to suppress exercise-induced attacks of VT-VF after pacemaker implantation. PMID- 1235330 TI - Flexibility in medical writing. PMID- 1235331 TI - Fibrinous uremic pleuritis: a surgical entity. AB - Fibrosing uremic pleuritis is a newly recognized late complication of uremia. Extreme incarceration of the lining and chest wall can occur with disabling restriction of pulmonary function. Decortication of the chest wall and the lung can be carried out safely with minimal bleeding and restoration of pulmonary function. PMID- 1235332 TI - Interstitial lung disease resistant to corticosteroid therapy. Report of three cases treated with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. AB - Three patients with severe progressive interstitial lung disease refractory to steroid therapy were treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Biopsy material of one showed mainly fibrosis, while that of the second showed interstitial pneumonitis as well; both patients received azathioprine. Cyclophosphamide was employed in the third patient with systemic vasculitis and massive hemoptysis. All patients had reduced lung volumes and abnormal gas exchange, which continued to worsen on high doses of steroids. In patients 1 and 2, there was long-term stabilization of lung function, while pulmonary physiologic abnormalities in the patient with vasculitis reverted to normal on five months of cyclophosphamide. Although the etiology of most forms of interstitial lung disease is unknown, several reports suggest at least a partial immunologic basis. Abatement in progression of disease in this small series would suggest that a trial of immunosuppressive drugs be considered in interstitial lung disease when steroid therapy fails. PMID- 1235333 TI - Diagnostic value of blood pool and transmission scan in cardiovascular and tissue pathology of the thoracic midline. AB - We reviewed 48 records of combined blood pool and transmission scans, performed in the last three years for mediastinal masses and cardiomegaly. The purpose was to investigate the diagnostic value of this radioisotopic examination, and in particular to compare it with the roentgenographic examination. The accuracy of both methods in visualizing mediastinal tumors or tissue pathology was very similar. The scintigraphic examination was superior for the diagnosis of cardiovascular pathology. False negative results occurred more frequently than false positives, especially in cases of tumors and aneurysms. PMID- 1235334 TI - Intraventricular blocks in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The electrocardiograms and clinical records of 171 patients with a first recognized myocardial infarction (AMI) were reviewed in order to study the incidence and clinical significance of intraventricular blocks (IVB), especially hemiblocks, when other conditions which could have influenced the prognosis were excluded. Patients with left anterior hemiblock had higher SGOT levels (p less than 0.01), higher incidence of arrhythmias (p less than 0.01) and congestive heart failure (p less than 0.01) compared to the control group without IVB. Isolated left posterior hemiblock was infrequent and did not appear to influence the course of AMI. Bundle branch and bifasicular blocks were associated with the highest incidence of complications and mortality (47 percent), but these patients were older (p less than 0.01) and also had higher SGOT levels than the control group (p less than 0.05). To some extent, mortality and incidence of complications appeared to be related to the degree of myocardial damage, which in turn produced the IVB rather than to the conduction abnormality itself. PMID- 1235335 TI - Upper abdominal mass following cervical node dissection. PMID- 1235336 TI - The assessment of ventilatory capacity. Statement of the Committees on Environmental Health and Respiratory Physiology, American College of Chest Physicians. PMID- 1235337 TI - High oxygen pressure-induced convulsions in suckling mice. AB - Two hundred suckling mice from 20 litters were used for determining their functional development of the hyperoxic convulsion mechanism. It was found that 1 to 12-day-old mice did not develop convulsion when they were subjected to oxygen under high pressure. The hyperoxic convulsion was observed in 1 of 10 13-day-old (10%), 3 of 10 14-day-old (30%), 16 of 20 15-day-old (80%) and all of 16-day-old mice (100%). This finding indicates that the hyperoxic convulsion mechanism of the young mice takes 13-16 days for functional maturation. Besides, it was shown that hyperoxia could cause pulmonary damage, the incidence of which also increased with age of suckling mice. PMID- 1235338 TI - Antigenicity of sperm: immunization of rabbits with pig's sperm. AB - The state of antibody production and the tissue and species specificities together with the sperm immobilizing action of various antibodies in rabbits were examined after immunization with pig's sperm. Before the immunization, the titers of various antibodies against pig's sperm seemed to be generally higher in male than in virgin female, but they became no obvious difference between the two sexes after the immunization. Precipitins of the sera obtained by immunizing rabbits with pig's spermatozoa extract reacted not only with pig's spermatozoa extract but also with heterologous spermatozoa extract to moderate degree, but no cross reaction with pig's serum or heterologous serum was visible, and it was not associated with the sperm immobilization. The sperm-microagglutinin obtained by immunization with pig's spermatozoa showed strong species specificity and moderate tissue specificity. The motility of the sperm was not obviously inhibited by sperm agglutinin. The titer of it was the highest among the immune antibodies, but there are problems in detecting the specific antibody because spontaneous sperm agglutination is common and it is difficult to determine whether the agglutination is due to antisperm antibody or to a nonspecific factor. The evidence that strong tissue and species specific sperm-immobilizing antibody could be produced by immunizing rabbits with heterologous pig's sperm in both sexes gives us the confidence that sperm immobilization by immunization of both sexes with homologous sperm could contribute to human population control in the future. PMID- 1235339 TI - The effect of diuretics on sodium transport across the mouse intestine. AB - The effects of three natriuretic agents on Na transport across the mouse intestine were determined. It was found that ethacrynic acid at a concentration of 1mM, markedly reduced the net transmural transport of Na ion by decreasing themucosa-to-serosa flux with little or no effect on serosa-to-mucosa flux. Furosemide or amiloride at a concentration of 1 mM produced similar but less profound effects. A reduction of net Na22 flux was observed in the presence of either diuretic, but with furosemide and amiloride this inhibitory effect observed only if glucose was present in the bathing solution. It is, therefore, concluded that the intestinal transport of Na ion involves two processes, one is glucose or substrate-dependent, and the other glucose or substrate-independent. Ethacrynic acid inhibits the substrate-independent process while furosemide and amiloride affect only the substrate-dependent process of Na transport. PMID- 1235340 TI - The mechanism of antibiotic-promoting effect in body weight gain of chicks. AB - A series of 3 experiments was conducted on 3-day-old, single combed, white Leghorn cockerels for the purpose of studying the mechanism of aureomycin promoting effects in body weight gain of chicks. In each experiment, 3 groups of chicks were fed for 4 weeks respectively on 1) basal ration, 2) basal ration supplemented with 25 ppm aureomycin and 3) basal ration with different amounts of alkali-decomposed aureomycin. At the end of each experimentation, 131I was injected intraperitoneally into the chicks. One hour later, the chicks were sacrificed by decapitation. The thyroid glands were removed immediately and weighed. The glands were prepared for radioactivity determination by the TraceLab multi/matic 501 counting system. The percentage of 131I uptake of the injected dose per mg thyroid gland was ascertained. The results indicated a significant increase of thyroid indices (mg thyroid gland per 100 gm body weight) after feeding aureomycin or decomposed aureomycin. The radioactivity determinations showed that the thyroid 131I uptake of the experimentals, especially those fed aureomycin, was significantly smaller than that of the controls. The present results, therefore, are in accord with the hypothesis of antithyroid effect of aureomycin propsed by Calesnick et al. in 1954. Furthermore, it suggests that such goitrogenic action might have resulted from aureomycin degraded under the influences of alkaline medium of the intestines and high body temperature of the chick. In addition to the functional change of the thyroid gland, aureomycin or decomposed aureomycin also promoted body weight gain and an increase in fat content in the chicks. These results suggest that body weight-promoting effect of aureomycin in animals may be attributable to an alteration of thyroid function which, in some way, is related to the products resulting from the degradation of the antibiotic in vivo. PMID- 1235341 TI - [Antitumor effects of rhodium metallo-organic compounds]. PMID- 1235342 TI - [Aninosidine: data on its kinetics and its dosage in renal patients with various degrees of functional loss]. PMID- 1235343 TI - [Immunogenicity of various cephalosporins]. PMID- 1235344 TI - [General criteria of evaluation of the efficacy of an antibiotic]. PMID- 1235345 TI - Mycobacterial infections. PMID- 1235346 TI - [Effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on myocardial cells cultured in vitro]. PMID- 1235347 TI - [Experimental cardiotoxicity of adriamycin]. PMID- 1235348 TI - [Cardiotoxicity of daunomycin and adriamycin]. PMID- 1235349 TI - [Effect of daunomycin and adriamycin on the energy metabolism of the rat heart and liver]. PMID- 1235351 TI - [Polycardiographic evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of adriamycin]. PMID- 1235350 TI - [Cardiodynamic effects during acute adriamycin administration]. PMID- 1235352 TI - [Interference of a cytostatic, daunomycin, with the analgesic effect of morphine]. PMID- 1235353 TI - [Combination drug therapy in the treatment of digestive tract neoplasms]. PMID- 1235354 TI - [Calcium and neoplasms. Effect of daunomycin. Hypercalcemia in neoplasms]. PMID- 1235355 TI - [Trials of synchronized attack drug therapy in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 1235356 TI - [Anti-complement activity of the blood, ascitic fluid and tumor fluid of animals with experimental transplantable neoplasms]. PMID- 1235357 TI - [Paramethyl-isopropyl-phenol (thymol) and caffeine in the treatment of skin neoplasms]. PMID- 1235359 TI - [Gentamicin, a broad spectrum antibiotic, in bacterial diseases of the respiratory system in children]. PMID- 1235358 TI - [Amikacin: a new semisynthetic aminoside antibiotic derivative of kanamycin A. Action spectrum]. PMID- 1235360 TI - [The adriblastin-methotrexate combination in inoperable lung tumors]. PMID- 1235361 TI - [Controlled trials on the use of thiamphenicol glycinate and acetylcysteine. Mucoelastographic tests and clinico-therapeutic trials]. PMID- 1235362 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 1235363 TI - [Diabetes in pregnancy. A clinical and statistical analysis of 1800 pregnancies and deliveries from 1952-1971. I. Perinatal mortality in relation to the classification of White and delivery date]. PMID- 1235365 TI - Personality differences in the effective use of ESP. PMID- 1235364 TI - [Diabetes in pregnancy. A clinical and statistical analysis of 1800 pregnancies and deliveries from 1952-71. II. Perinatal mortality in relation to the treatment of diabetes and the frequency of toxemia and urinary tract infections]. PMID- 1235366 TI - Public and political attitudes as determinants of medical service. PMID- 1235367 TI - Renal trauma in the multiple injured patient. AB - Immediate radiological evaluation of renal injuries by a large dose or infusion excretory urogram resulted in a definitive diagnosis in 87% of the cases. Further radiological evaluation or exploration was required to make a definitive diagnosis in the remaining 13%. Blunt external trauma was responsible for 94% of the renal injuries. Less morbidity and a sharp reduction in delayed renal operation followed the introduction of immediate surgical management with the more severe types of renal injury. Clamping of the renal vessels prior to opening Gerota's fascia prevents reactivation of hemorrhage and allows for a deliverate operation with conservation of undamaged renal tissue. Associated injuries were present in 73% of the patients, including intra-abdominal injuries in 42%. The over-all nephrectomy rate of 5% in this study compares favorably to the nephrectomy rate in studies reporting the expectant management of renal injuries. PMID- 1235368 TI - Ethambutol regimen in renal tuberculosis. AB - A 10-year experience with an ethambutol regimen for renal tuberculosis is presented. Precaution must be taken with ethambutol since optic nerve atrophy can occur. This oral therapy is now given as a single, daily dose before breakfast and has proved successful in therapy and patient acceptance. No urine reversions have occurred in the 10 years. The regimen of ethambutol, isoniazid, cycloserine and pyridoxine may now be considered a first choice in therapy for renal tuberculosis. PMID- 1235369 TI - The riddle of Randall's plaques. AB - Randall described a pre-calculus lesion of the renal papilla in the 1930s and this was substantiated by others during the next decade and then largely ignored. This insignificant subepithelial calcification of the renal papilla. Randall's plaque type I, becomes the nucleus of at least 15% of calcium oxalate calculi, as demonstrated by apatite nuclei existing in papillary depression on the external stone surface. Cross section study of the stone demonstrates the peripheral nucleus with eccentric lamination postulating a mural origin. Contrariwise, study of the stone developing upon a nucleus originating in the papillary ducts (without producing obstruction) or out in the calix demonstrates a central nucleus surrounded by concentric laminations or lack of a mural origin, the more common type of calcium oxalate stone structure. Obstruction of the papillary ducts by hyperexcretion of stone salt may result in anemic infarction and sloughing of the apex of the papilla. Data concerning the prevalence of Randall's plaques in the population have been reviewed. Evidence of the incidence of calcium oxalate calculi that have developed upon Randall's plaques has been presented. A plea for further study of the pathology of the renal papilla has been voiced. PMID- 1235370 TI - Radiolucent filling defects of the renal pelvis: classification and report of unusual cases. AB - Eight cases of unusual radiolucent filling defects in the renal pelvis and calices are reported. With reference to the literature and these cases, such defects have been classified etiologically as tumors, calculi, blood clots, air bubbles, congenital anomalies, vascular phenomena, infections and associated conditions, foreign bodies and miscellaneous conditions. Most of these conditions are rare but their accurate delineation with modern diagnostic techniques will allow for more conservative surgical procedures and for maximal preservation of renal substance. PMID- 1235371 TI - Therapeutic experience in renal hypertension: response treatment in 47 cases. AB - We report our experience in the treatment of 47 cases of renal hypertension patients with renovascular hypertension or hypertensive reno-parenchymal disease surgical therapy is essential and non-surgical therapy has its limitations. The necessity for an operation can be based on the determination of bilateral renal vein plasma renin values. Blood should be drawn from both renal veins in patients in an upright position. Surgical treatment usually produces excellent results in patients in whom renin activity on the side of the lesion is more than normal and more than 2 times that on the uninvolved side. It is advisable to perform an operation within 4 years of the onset of renal hypertension. Complete surgical cure of renal hypertension is accomplished more frequently in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia than in those atherosclerosis. The therapeutic effect of an operation in correcting hypertension is virtually the same, regardless of whether the arterial stenotic lesions are in the main renal artery or in the intrarenal arterial branches. We have found nephrectomy or dacron bypass graft to be the surgical procedure of choice in renovascular hypertension cases. PMID- 1235372 TI - Percutaneous renal biopsy with localization by retrograde pyelography. AB - We describe the use of retrograde pyelography for renal localization during percutaneous biopsy in 6 patients. Since we have had no major complications with this procedure and have obtained adequate tissue in all cases we conclude that this method of localization for renal biopsy is the procedure of choice in the severely uremic patient. PMID- 1235373 TI - Obstructive jaundice complicating pyeloplasty. AB - The development of obstructive jaundice associated with the formation of a renal pseudocyst in 2 patients undergoing pyeloplasty on the right side is discussed. We emphasize the importance of proper drainage of the retroperitoneal area to prevent this complication. PMID- 1235374 TI - Early, aggressive management of intraoperative ureteral injuries. AB - Most urologic surgeons prefer proximal urinary diversion as an initial step in the repair of intraoperative ureteral injuries but an early direct attack on the injured area is being attempted more often. Our report concerns 36 ureteral injuries in 24 patients during the least 5 years. In 19 patients 20 injuries were recognized and managed during postoperative convalescence. Repair consisted of ureteroneocystotomy in 8 patients, ureteroureterostomy in 6 and ureteral deligation in 4. Ureteral catheter manipulation alone was successful in 2 cases. Satisfactory ureteral repair was achieved in 23 patients. Definitive management was initiated upon diagnosis in all but 1 patient. We recommend an early, direct, aggressive approach to the injured area whenever possible. PMID- 1235375 TI - Catheterless cutaneous ureterostomy. AB - New procedures for tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy are described. The fundamental principles of the methods are 1) an everted ureteral nipple formation combined with a triangular skin flap as a permanent stoma and 2) a 2-stage operation to obtain a viable ureteral nipple against slough and retraction. PMID- 1235376 TI - Intravesical formalin for the control of intractable bladder hemorrhage secondary to cystitis or cancer. AB - Between November 1971 and December 1973, 10 patients with intractable urinary bleeding secondary to radiation or cyclophosphamide cystitis, or to primary or secondary bladder cancer were treated with intravesical formalin. Good results were obtained in 8 of the 10 patients, with control of bleeding for 3 to more than 36 months. There were 2 failures, both with cancer. PMID- 1235377 TI - Parametal cysts of the glans penis: a report of 9 cases. AB - Nine cases of cysts on the male urethral meatus are reported. These cysts are easily traumatized, occur early in life, enlarge slowly and apparently are not associated with infection, circumcision or trauma. These round, smooth, symmetrical and usually unilateral cysts do not interfere with urinary or sexual function except for an occasional irregularity of the urinary stream. Simple aspiration of the cyst results in recurrences. Marsupialization or unroofing of the cyst, especially if it is large, results in a gaping sinus, which is cosmetically unsatisfactory and should be avoided. Complete excision of the cyst is cosmetically excellent and there have been no recurrences in my cases. The cause of these cysts is postulated as a blockage of the paraurethral ducts. PMID- 1235378 TI - Bilateral testicular tumors of germ cell origin. AB - Four cases of primary testicular tumor of germ cell origin are reported. Three cases were bilateral, while the remaining case involved a unilateral tumor in a non-twin brother of 1 patient with bilateral tumors. Because of the increased likelihood of a second primary tumor developing in a patient who has had a malignant germinal cell tumor and because the changes may be subtle, localized to the testis and occur after a tumor-free interval of many years, careful examination of the contralateral testis and long-term followup are indicated even when systemic chemotherapy for malignancy has been used. This is the seventh time familial occurrence of testis tumors in non-twin brothers has been reported but the first time that one of the brothers had bilateral tumors. PMID- 1235379 TI - Semen analysis: a review of samples from 225 men seen at an infertility clinic. AB - The results from 225 men attending an infertility clinic are presented. The percentage of oval, viable and active sperm cells, and the motility scores were lower in samples with counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml., increased in counts or 10 to 40 times 10(6) per ml. and again increased in counts more than 40 times 10(6) per ml. The percentage of semen samples with abnormalities in measured parameters dramatically increased as the sperm count decreased. The percentage of samples with significant numbers of white blood cells was higher in samples with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. and in the azoospermic patients, while viscosity problems seemed to be associated with counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. Agglutination was more of a problem in samples with counts more than 40 times 10(6) per ml. PMID- 1235380 TI - The effect of pharmacological agents on ejaculation. AB - Infertility in a patient on pharmacological agents with sympatholoytic activity was found to be caused by ejaculatory failure owing to absent contraction of the seminal vesicle, ampulla and ductus deferens, rather than the previously accepted reason of retrograde ejaculation. These findings suggest that pharmacological agents producing alpha-adrenergic blockage may produce temporary interference with ejaculation, suggesting investigation of their use as reversible male contraceptives. PMID- 1235381 TI - A stone season. A 10-year retrospective study of 768 surgical stone cases with respect to seasonal variation. PMID- 1235382 TI - Wound dehiscence in urological patients. AB - The causes of wound dehiscence in urological patients are discussed. In 576 patients undergoing 672 consecutive transperitoneal urological operations there were 9 instances of complete dehiscence (1.3%). All 9 cases involved male patients. Postoperative abdominal distnsion, wound infection, enterocutaneous fistula and simple layered closure with chromic catgut were associated with an increased incidence of dehiscence. PMID- 1235383 TI - Results and description of a safe and dependable method of percutaneous renal biopsy in children. PMID- 1235384 TI - A mechanical device for improved exposure in kidney surgery. AB - A mechanical device for optimal costal margin retraction, applicable to renal surgery, and the physiologic basis for its atraumatic use are presented. Use of the instrument relieves the surgical assistant of the exhausting work of retraction for exposure of the thoracoabdominal space and obviates lower rib resection in most cases. PMID- 1235385 TI - Cutaneous transureterostomy in children. AB - Cutaneous transureterostomy was done on 18 patients with chronically dilated upper tracts. The operation is simple with minimal immediate complications. Long term results are good despite the frequent persistence of chronic urinary infection and dilatation of the ureters, which are attributable to their persistent damage. We believe that cutaneous transureterostomy represents a good type of urinary diversion for these children. PMID- 1235386 TI - Pressure measurements in ileal conduits. AB - To study the dynamic properties of ileal conduits and to attempt to diagnose obstruction at an early point in time, that is prior to the development of conduit or upper urinary tract dilatation, a continuously perfused catheter technique was used to measure pressures within the conduit during filling and emptying, and to measure the resistance to flow at the stomal level. The mean values of residual urine, resting pressure, voiding pressure and stomal profile pressure were significantly higher in obstructed than in non-obstructed conduits. However, there was an overlap between values in each parameter, thus necessitating analysis of the entire pressure data in any given case. The data also show that even a small increase in residual urine above normal, 4.0 plus or minus 0.9 cc, may be an indication of early obstruction and that stomal caliber does not necessarily correlate with the degree of obstruction. PMID- 1235387 TI - Intrathoracic ectopic kidney: report of a case. AB - A case of intrathoracic ectopic kidney is reported and the literature is reviewed. Intrathoracic ectopic kidney is a rare developmental anomaly. The surgeon should be fully aware of this anomaly in order to make a correct diagnosis before an ill-advised thoracotomy is performed. PMID- 1235388 TI - Pseudocysts of the kidney, with a report of a hemorrhagic pararenal pseudocyst associated with multiple small renal infarcts. AB - A case of a hemorrhagic pararenal pseudocyst associated with med from multiple small emboli is described. The most common cause of pseudocyst formation is trauma. Hydronephrosis is almost always associated with urinary pseudocyst formation. Treatment should be directed at relieving urinary obstruction with excision of the cyst wall when renal parenchyma remains. Pararenal lesions of uncertain nature should be explored. Biopsy of the base of a hemorrhagic cyst should be considered before nephrectomy is performed. PMID- 1235389 TI - Arteriovenous malformation: the value of renal angiogrphy for a filling defect in the renal pelvis. PMID- 1235390 TI - Acetazolamide-induced renal calculi. AB - The occurrence of urinary calculi associated with acetazolamide therapy is described. Patients with a history of urinary stones or surgery are a significant risk for further calculus formation when treated with acetazolamide. The concurrent use of sodium bicarbonate further potentiates this risk. PMID- 1235391 TI - Calcification in an angiomyolipoma: a case report. AB - A patient with tuberous sclerosis and angiomyolipoma of both kidneys is described in whom both tumors demonstrated associated calcification. This finding has not been previously stressed in the literature and is important in that ignorance of its occurence in this tumor might result in an error of diagnosis and nephrectomy in a patient who can ill-afford the loss of renal parenchyma. PMID- 1235392 TI - Spontaneous peripelvic urinary extravasation secondary to benign renal cyst. PMID- 1235393 TI - Benign mesodermal polyp in childhood. AB - A ureteral fibrous polyp presenting as ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a 10 year-old boy is reported. These neoplasms are uncommon, especially in children. If a salvageable kidney is present, resection of the tumor and adjacent ureter is proper therapy. However, in the present case the fibrous polyp had produced marked ureteropelvic junction obstruction, resulting in only a thin shell of renal parenchymal tissue, and therefore, nephroureterectomy was performed. PMID- 1235394 TI - Xanthogranulomatous ureteritis. AB - A case of xanthogranulomatous ureteritis is described and the numerous similarities with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in their clinicopathological presentation are discussed. Of the xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis symptoms our patient manifested a long history of urinary tract infection, weight loss, urinary obstruction, pyuria and gram-negative bacteriuria. The ureteral lesion was a yellowish nodule, granulomatous and was highlighted histologically by foamy histiocytes with periodic acid, Schiff positive cytoplasmic granules. The lesion mimicked an obstructing neoplasm and a specific granuloma. PMID- 1235395 TI - Disseminated metastatic ureteral melanoma: a case report. PMID- 1235396 TI - Papillary (transitional) carcinoma in an ileal conduit. AB - An example of papillary carcinoma developing at the ureteroileal junction with herniation of the tumor into the lumen of an ileal conduit is reported. This and similar tumors have occurred within 4 years of urinary diversion, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance of patients with an ileal conduit. Patients with widespread atypia of the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract, such as ours, are especially prone to recurrent carcinoma and should be watched most carefully. Surgical excision of the tumor occurring at or near the ureteroileal junction should always include a cuff of ileum, as in the standard treatment of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors. PMID- 1235397 TI - Intratesticulr leiomyoma: a case report with discussion of differential diagnosis and histogenesis. AB - A subcapsular intratesticular leiomyoma is described in a 65-year-old man. The pathology is discussed in detail and the hypothesis is advanced that the tumor arises from the myoid cells of the tunica propria of the seiminiferous tubules. PMID- 1235398 TI - Adult teratoma of the testis metastasizing as adult teratoma: case report and review of literature. AB - A case of adult teratoma of the testis in a 19-year-old white man is presented, The tumor metastasized to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and the metastases were also well differentiated, benign-appearing tissues. This case suggests that even the benign-appearing components of these tumors have malignant potential. Because these tumors are malignant, they should be treated by radical orchiectomy and radical retroperitoneal dissection. PMID- 1235399 TI - Venographic demonstration of a varicocele in a boy. AB - A case is presented to illustrate the evaluation of varicocele in a boy by a combined technique of spermatic venography and excretory urography. The pertinent technical, anatomical and clinical considerations are discussed. Varicocele is a clinical diagnosis. If the diagnosis is suspected or the clinical presentation is unusual, then a combined technique of spermatic venography and excretory urography may be of value. PMID- 1235400 TI - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the epididymas. AB - The fourth case of leiomyosarcoma of the epididymis is reported. It is suggested that radical orchiectomy, followed by frequent postoperative examinations, is an adequate method of treatment. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection does not seem to be indicated. PMID- 1235401 TI - Nitroprusside for control of post-prostatectomy bleeding. PMID- 1235402 TI - Congenital pelvic arteriovenous fistulas: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - The fifth male patient with a congenital arteriovenous fistula of the pelvis is described. This disorder has been reported previously in 11 female patients. Most patients gave a long history of symptoms before a diagnosis was made. Preoperative angiography is vital to delineate the vascular supply to the fistula and operative treatment consists of ligation of the feeding vessels and resection of the fistula. PMID- 1235403 TI - Multilocular cystadenofibroma of mullerian duct. PMID- 1235404 TI - Psychology is multi-: methodological, variate, epistemic, world view, systemic, paradigmatic, theoretic, and disciplinary. PMID- 1235405 TI - Phenomenology and the foundations of psychology. PMID- 1235406 TI - From traits and equilibrium toward developmental dialectics. PMID- 1235407 TI - Logic and the theory of mind. PMID- 1235408 TI - Language communities, search cells, and the psychological studies. PMID- 1235409 TI - Contemporary behaviorism and the concept of intention. PMID- 1235410 TI - [New data on the postembryonal development of certain representatives of Monogenoidea]. AB - The paper presents new data on the development of the adhesive armature of larvae of Callorhynchicola multitesticulatus Manter, 1955 (Chimaericoeidae). There are also described larvae of Teegamatrix sp., Dionchus sp. sp. (Polyonchoinea), Squalonchocotyle sp., Heterobothrium praeorchis Bych., Mam. et Nag., 1975, Anchorophorus sinensis Bych. et Nag., 1958, Microctyle seriolae Yam., 1940, Axine sasicala (Unn., 1957), Neomicrotyle indicum Ram., 1960, Valissia chorinemi Yam., 1953 and some postembryonal developmental stages of Gotocotyee sawara Ishii, 1936 (Oligonchoinea). PMID- 1235411 TI - [Cercaria splendens Szidat - the larva of the Trematode Azygia lucii Looss]. AB - The belonging of the only one "gigantic cercaria", Cercaria splendens, to the species Azygia lucii was proved experimentally. The geographic distribution of A. lucii is considerably wider than it has been indicated up to now. The distribution area of A. robusta is also confined not only to the Asiatic part of the USSR. The following characters are suggested for distinguishing the Azygia species: the shape and size of the pharynx, the spread of vitellaria beyond the posterior border of the testes and ratio between the size of suckers. PMID- 1235412 TI - [Dynamics of parasite fauna of different forms of salmon Salvelinus alpinus L. from the basin of the Lake Azabach'e]. AB - The paper deals with age changes in the parasite fauna of different intraspecific forms of chars. It is shown that this year brood and yearlings of predatory, benthofagous, stream and anadromous chars up to 10 cm in length have a similar parasite fauna. During the second year of life the chars come to different feeding; correspondingly changes their parasite fauna which differs considerably in the above forms of chars. Two groups of parasites are distinguished the infection with which increases and decreases with the age of fishes. Observations were carried out on the life cycles, developmental and maturation periods of some parasites of chars. Biological peculiarities of some mixosporidia are studied. A shift in the developmental periods of helminths is noted as compared to those from the European part of the USSR. PMID- 1235413 TI - [2 representatives of parasitic Isopods of the genus Lironeca (Cymothoidae) from the regions of Australia and New Zealand]. AB - The paper contains description and drawings of the new parasitic isopod Lironeca neocyttus sp. n. and a brief note about L. raynaudii Milne Edwards, 1840, found in the region of Australia and New Zealand. PMID- 1235414 TI - [Electron-microscopic study of the excretory system of hungry females of the tick Hyalomma asiaticum P. Sch. et E. Schl. 2]. AB - In H. asiaticum the cells of the Malpighian tubules and these of the rectal cas have the uniform structure: the apical surface is covered with microvilli, the basal plasmatic membrane forms relatively small invaginations. As to ultrastructural characters, there is no distinct division of the Malpighian tubule into departments. The distal ends of the tubules are not only somewhat enlarged and form the so-called ampulla cells of which are noticeably flattened. The microvilli and basal folds of the plasmatic membrane in this area of the tubule are indistinct. The cells of the ampulla and the neighbouring area of the tubule are characterized by the presence of inclusions with mucopolysaccharide secretion confined by the membrane. The microvilli are most developed on cells of the proximal ends of the Malpighian tubules. Well developed microvilli of the rectal sac form a striated border each containing a microtube inside. The basal invaginations are developed here better than in the cells of the Malpighian tubules. PMID- 1235415 TI - [Study of characteristics of distribution of the tick Ixodes ricinus over a large territory]. AB - Attempts were undertaken to study the character of the distribution of I. ricinus over a large territory. Methodic principles of the land survey of arthropods distribution and laboratory processing of its results, that were used before for I. persulcatus, were found to be quite suitable for I. ricinus. It was established that hungry adults of I. ricinus have at least three types of the distribution throughout the forests of Lithuania. Types of the distribution can be ascertained by the results of the record of I. ricinus nymphs with a flag. PMID- 1235416 TI - [Feeding behavior and reproduction of Stenophthalmus wagneri Tifl., 1928 (Stenophthalmidae, Siphonaptera) under experimental conditions]. AB - Under laboratory conditions at 20 to 21 degrees C young imagos of C. wagneri proceed quickly to feeding and reproduction. They suck blood about three times a day and females oviposit three times, each laying consisting of three eggs. When placed in a refrigirator at 2 to 5 degrees some young individuals lay eggs, while others do not start oviposition up to 5 months (observation period). Fleas, which already laid eggs under laboratory conditions, being transferred into a refrigerator decrease the degree of their attachment to the host and feeding frequency (up to one time a day). Oogenesis of females is inhibited and most of them cease egg laying. PMID- 1235417 TI - [Pleistophora carpocapsae Sp. N. (Microsporidia, Nosematidae) - a parasite of the codling moth]. AB - A new species of Microsporidia, Pleistiophora carpocapsae sp. n., a parasite of caterpillars and pupae of the codling moth, is described from Moldavia. It is noteworthy that one sporant forms pansporoblasts containing from 4 to 64 sporoblasts and then the same number of spores. PMID- 1235418 TI - [Certain tasks in the studies of Mermithoidea for biological control of moths]. AB - The method of "flooding" with mermitids, which was successfully used against mosquitoes, is unreal for biological control of black flies because of difficulties and unprofitableness of their laboratory maintenance and reproduction. A more probable way of solving the problem is the untroduction of effective forms of parasites. In perspective the cultivation of the adipose tissue of the host and biochemical overcoming of its protective reactions are necessary. PMID- 1235419 TI - [Abortion at the Felix Bulnes Hospital. Sociodemographic and medical data]. PMID- 1235420 TI - [Influence of age and parity in infant mortality]. PMID- 1235421 TI - [Extension of the program of integrated care of women in the area to the West of Santiago and decrease of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality, Relation to various socioeconomic indicators in Chile]. PMID- 1235422 TI - [Characteristics of labor in adolescents in the Maternidad San Fco. de Borja during 1961 - 1971]. PMID- 1235423 TI - [The Masters and Johnson's technic in sexual incompatibility: its adaptation to Chilean conditions and experimental application]. PMID- 1235424 TI - [Vaginal flora in the prepartum and in normal puerperium]. PMID- 1235425 TI - [Primary ovarian pregnancy: clinical case]. PMID- 1235426 TI - [Viral diseases of the vulva. I. Molluscum contagiosum]. PMID- 1235427 TI - [Viral diseases of the vulva. Molluscum contagiosum]. PMID- 1235428 TI - [Vaginal microbiology in patients with and without leukorrhea]. PMID- 1235429 TI - [Use of the postal service in an integrated cervicouterine cancer control in the Hospital Regional de Temuco]. PMID- 1235431 TI - [A case of pregnancy and typhoid fever]. PMID- 1235430 TI - [Histological, colposcopical, cytological and clinical findings in smears of cervix uteri]. PMID- 1235432 TI - [Distribution of hypothalamic nuclei of the marked dormouse (Eliomys quercinus L.) and its relation to hibernation]. PMID- 1235433 TI - [Histochemical study of aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase in nerve fiber endings]. PMID- 1235434 TI - [Neural arrangement in the diencephalon of Rana ridibunda]. PMID- 1235435 TI - [Study of neural arrangements in the mesencephalon of Gallus domesticus]. PMID- 1235436 TI - [The arterial wall and its adrenergic innervation in the cerebral parenchyma of the cat. Electron microscopy study]. PMID- 1235437 TI - [The formula for counting neurons taking the nucleolus as a unit of measurement]. PMID- 1235438 TI - [Structure of the glucogenic organ in the lumbar spinal cord of Gallus gallus]. PMID- 1235439 TI - [Regions of the olfatory cortex in the telencephalon of the scalp Clemys caspica]. PMID- 1235440 TI - Renal haemodynamics in dogs with dehydration azotaemia. AB - Intrarenal pressure gradients and glomerular dynamics have been investigated in dogs with severe dehydration elicited by pyloric ligation. 1. Because of the proportionate decrease in arterial pressure and renal blood flow, calculated total renal vascular resistance was found unaltered as compared with normohydrated controls. The slight changes in series connected intrarenal resistances were not significant. 2. Net hydrostatic pressure across the glomerular membrane, i.e. glomerular capillary minus proximal tubular pressure was slightly diminished. The pronounced fall in effective filtration pressure was due to the considerable increase in colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins. 3. Reduced arterial pressure due to clamping of the aorta did not diminish vascular resistance. Thus, the autoregulatory capacity of renal circulation seems to be lost in dehydrated animals. 4. No correlation was found between plasma NPN values on the one hand and RBF and GFR on the other. Azotaemia seemed to be due to retention and enhanced rediffusion of urea and increased katabolism of tissue proteins. 5. Reduced urine flow caused by dehydration was restored by isosmotic saline or hyperosmotic mannitol infusions. Both agents act by decreasing intrarenal vascular resistance and by diminishing the increased colloid osmotic pressure. PMID- 1235441 TI - Intensive care in myocardial infarction: report on 840 cases. AB - On the basis of 840 cases of acute myocardial infarction an account is given on the activity of a coronary-care-unit organized in a regional hospital. The technical problems involved and the procedures applied are discussed. The complications of the early phase, in particular dysrhythmias, their prevention and treatment are dealt with in detail. While the mortality due to electric failure was significantly reduced by appropriate measures the mortality resulting from muscular insufficiency could not be improved by intensive care. PMID- 1235442 TI - Abnormalities of left ventricular function associated with prior acute myocardial infarction. AB - Selective coronarography, left ventricular cineangiography were performed three to six months after acute myocardial infarction in 45 patients. Simultaneously, stroke volume (SV), enddiastolic (EDV) and endsystolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) were determined. LVEDP was measured at rest and after static (handgrip) exercise. According to the type of the LV abnormality patients were divided in three groups: 1. without LV abnormality (5 patients) 2. asynergy (15 pts) and 3. aneurysm (25 pts). The data were reviewed separately in patients where abnormalities of LV were associated with angina pectoris. The degree of coronary obstruction and the type of LV abnormality did not disclose any correlation. LVEDP at rest was in normal limits in patients in group 1 and 2, elevated in patients with aneurysm. (LVEDP: 15, 15 and 25 mmHg resp.) After handgrip exercise LVEDP increased in each group: 21, 22, 32 mm Hg. SV: decreased significantly in LV aneurysm (53 ml/beat). EDV was 50 ml in patients with asynergy and 118 ml in those with aneurysm. ESV was in normal limits when asynergy was present, 35 ml in patients without abnormality and 118 ml in LV aneurysm. EF was 0.66 and 0.65 in group 1 and 2, in group 3 (aneurysm) this value was 0.49 (significantly lower). The extent of shortening of the longitudinal and transverse diameters were significantly diminished in each group. When angina was associated with LV asynergy a higher SV was observed, when angina was associated with aneurysm, SV and EF were decreased. The conclusion from these data can be drown that the compromised LV after prior AMI works with a different mechanism, according the type (and degree) of abnormality. PMID- 1235443 TI - Care of the patient in autoimmune renal disease. Assessment of clinical and immunological activity. AB - 174 patients suffering from various autoimmune and renal diseases have been followed up for periods of one to four years. Repeated assessment of clinical and immunological activity is indispensable for therapy, prognosis and rehabilitation. Determination of microscopic haematuria by the Addis count proved to be the best indication of clinical activity. Immunological activity was assessed by the CH50, C3 and immunoconglutinine tests, the titer of the anti glomerular basal membrane antibodies and the inhibition of leucocyte migration. Depending upon the nature and stage of the disease one or more positive tests indicated activity of the pathological process. Consequently, the simultaneous application of several methods is recommended for assessment of immunological activity in autoimmune renal diseases. PMID- 1235444 TI - Contribution to the quantitative aspects in medical research. AB - Both the advantages and dangers of fallacies in the quantitative approach are discussed, having Laplace's "...le bon sens reduit au calcul..." for motto. The general rules are briefly presented. Stressed is the prerequisite of prior thorough qualitative study of the topic at stake. The medical and mathematical ways of thinking are contrasted, stressed is the leading role of the former. The rebound effect of the quantitative study on the qualitative aspects is treated, with special regard to medical terminology. The necessity to distinguish physiological values and population data is emphasized. Some further aspects are briefly mentioned. The illustrative examples are from diverse terrains of Medicine. The leading role of the well-trained and disciplined medical cortex is stressed throughout. PMID- 1235445 TI - Effect of 2-thiourea administered to pregnant rats on the thyroid and the protein bound iodine content of the offspring. AB - A 0.2% solution of 2-thiourea administered during the third or the second and third weeks of pregnancy increased the weight of the thyroid of 20-day old fetuses and newborn rats, and decreased the protein bound iodine content in their thyroid and serum. Similar changes were observed in those weanling rats whose mother had been given a 0.2% solution of thiourea during the period of lactation. Both the intrauterine changes and those occurring during lactation proved reversible. The findings point to the possibility of congenital or infantile thyroid injury caused by thiourea derivatives taken up from the environment. PMID- 1235446 TI - Effects of ammonia intoxication and liver injury on rat brain glutamate dehydrogenase and glutaminase activity. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutaminase activity in the rat brain was altered by chronic ammonia intoxication, subacute liver injury induced by CCl4 or digalactosamine, and the combination of them. GDH activity was found to increase considerably in ammonia intoxication without liver damage, probably as a result of enzyme induction. GDH activity failed to increase, while glutaminase was appreciably elevated. when ammonia intoxication was associated with hepatic injury. Toxicological studies have indicated that these changes in brain enzyme levels may be involved in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity. PMID- 1235447 TI - Insulin resistance. AB - The possible causes of insulin resistance, in particular the production of insulin-antibodies, abnormal factors interfering with the effect of insulin on peripheral tissues and the Somogyi effect, are discussed. Accumulation of insulin antibodies with formation of insulin-antibody complexes is pointed out as the prevalent cause of insulin resistance in advanced age. Intravenous insulin treatment with massive doses ensured a beneficial effect. Achrestic diabetes associated with peripheral resistance is regarded as the cause of insulin resistance in juvenile patients possessing no major amounts of antibody. Muscle tissue obtained from these patients showed an insulin resistant impairment of glucose consumption and of Na-transport. This is consistent with the peripheral pathomechanism underlying this condition. A feedback mechanism elicited by latent hypoglycaemia may be the cause of spurious insulin resistance. PMID- 1235448 TI - Structure of cutaneous lymphatics propelling lymph. AB - In serial sections from the oedematous skin of hind limb of rats the lymph vessel walls were studied for structures active in propelling the lymph. To dilate the lymphatics lymph formation and transport were increased by dextran-oedema. A special type of sack-like structure lined almost exclusively by endothelial cells was observed at the postcapillary segment between the lymph capillaries and lymph vessels proper. The lymph flow from the capillaries into these postcapillary sack like sinuses is regulated by valves. The postcapillary sacks joined the lymph vessels proper the media of which was built up of a muscle cell sheath. In these artery-type lymph vessels proper the lumen was found to be varying in diameter; some vessels seemed to have practically no lumen while other segments were open. Under the electron microscope thin, actin-type and thick, myosin-type myofilaments were seen in the muscle cells of lymphatic post-capillaries and lymph vessels proper. The lymph is accumulated in the postcapillary sack-like sinuses and from there is transported towards the centre by the contractions of artery-type lymph vessels. Thus, these structures may function as "lymph hearts" in the oedematous skin. PMID- 1235449 TI - Association of obliterative extracranial vascular disease with carotid sinus hyperaesthesia: a possible mechanism of transitory cerebral ischaemia. AB - In extensive studies of cerebral circulation it has been shown that obliterative extracranial vascular disease is associated with a particular regulatory pattern of cerebral circulation. In stenosis of the vertebral artery, of the internal carotid or in the subclavian steal syndrome, cerebral blood flow and O2 consumption was adequate under resting conditions and it is essentially the high cerebrovascular resistance which points to some derangement. The haemodynamic reserves of the brain being restricted, a sudden fall in heart rate may produce a significant decrease in the cerebral blood flow and thus bring about transitory cerebral ischaemic episodes. Twenty patients were studied in whom the production of transitory cerebral attacks was attributable to the coexistence of obliterative extracranial vascular disease and carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Elicitation of the carotid sinus reflex resulted in the production of transitory cerebral ischaemic spells together with a fall in cerebral blood flow in all cases. It is suggested that the transitory cerebral attacks are due in part of the cases to a coexistence of obliterative extracranial vascular disease and carotid sinus syncope. The majority of such patients become symptom-free if bradycardia or sinauricular or av block due to the carotid sinus hypersensitivity can be prevented by atropine therapy or pacemaker implantation. PMID- 1235450 TI - Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity in experimental ascites. AB - Transport of labelled protein from the abdominal cavity by the thoracic duct and by the right lymph trunk was investigated in dogs with ascites due to inferior cava vein constriction and in control animals. The greater part of peritoneal fluid protein is transported in both ascites and under normal conditions by the lymphatics of the right side. The excess protein filtered from the liver sinusoids in venous stasis is transported by the thoracic duct. In this condition large amounts of fluid accumulate in the lymphatics in consequence of a relative obstacle to outflow at the veno-lymphatic junction. Thoracic duct drainage in experimental ascites leads to large fluid and protein losses and consequently to a reduction of inferior caval pressure and of capillary filtration in the liver. The intervention reduces ascites formation but does not influence the lymphatic absorption and transport of peritoneal fluid. Consequently, it is indicated only as a temporary measure, a preliminary to portocaval shunt operation, to reduce the increased sinusoidal and portal pressures. A cervical lympho-venous anastomosis reduces thoracic duct pressure by eliminating the obstacle to lymph flow. Accordingly, the intervention facilitates the return of excess lymph into the blood stream, and reduces fluid and protein leakage into the abdominal cavity from the liver. PMID- 1235451 TI - Importance of haemodynamic, metabolic and electrocardiographic alterations in the detection of coronary failure. AB - Haemodynamic, metabolic and ECG alterations due to a "critical" stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with and without additional work load induced by pacing and the changes due to a total obstruction of the artery have been investigated in anaesthetized open-thorax dogs. Direct ECG recording was done from the epicardial surface of the area perfused by the constricted coronary artery; blood samples were collected from the same area for estimation of metabolites. It was shown that ischaemic biochemical changes (decrease of myocardial lactate uptake and of the ratio myocardial O2 supply/myocardial O2 demand) can be detected along with a reduction of flow in the constricted artery long before the appearance of ischaemic ST-segment elevation in the epicardial ECG. This change can be evoked by an additional work load induced by pacing but even at the stage of manifest ischaemia, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) is unaffected. It increases only after complete obstruction of the LAD. Accordingly, ischaemic metabolic changes in the area with restricted blood supply seem to be the most sensitive indicator of an incipient coronary insufficiency. ECG and particularly LVEDP changes are limited value, since they only appear if the ischaemic damage and/or the ischaemic area is sufficiently large. PMID- 1235453 TI - Correlation between juxtaglomerular index, kidney renin content and plasma renin concentration in the rat. AB - The correlation between juxtaglomerular index, kidney renin content, and plasma renin concentration has been investigated in rats. The results indicate that renin exists in two forms. When determining the renin content of the kidney, the renin actually present in the modified smooth muscle cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus is measured; this is called bound renin. The amount of bound renin is derived from the total of granular and subgranular renin in the modified smooth muscle cells. Since JGI and KRCont show a significant positive correlation in untreated adult rats, it is assumed that in such animals the ratio of granular and subgranular renin is constant. Since no correlation could be demonstrated between kidney renin content and PRC in untreated adult rats, and JGI and KRCont did not change parallel with the increase of PRC in numerous experimental conditions, it is assumed that part of the renin synthetized in the JG cells is secreted directly, without passing the process of condensation into membrane bound granules. This mobile renin does not significantly affect the renin content and the JGI of the kidney. Under physiological circumstances, most of the produced renin seems to mature to granules in the modified smooth muscle cells before being secreted. When renin production and release increased, maturation to granules may be inhibited, a significant part of the produced renin released by direct secretion, and the subgranular, immature renin may also be secreted. PMID- 1235452 TI - Accumulation of 42K and 86Rb in the organs of the rat. AB - 42K and 86Rb were administered in combination to anaesthetized rats by the intravenous route, and accumulation of the isotopes in the organs during a few cirulatory cycles (90 sec) and after 24 hours has been studied in the rat. a) Accumulation of the two elements was identical in skeletal and heart muscle at both points of time. b) Acute (90 sec) accumulation of 86Rb slightly exceeded that of 42K in the skin, liver, brain, external and internal medulla of the kidney. Therefore, the cardiac output fractions obtained with 42K and 86Rb according to Sapirstein's method must be compared with certain corrections, and they cannot be evaluated in a combined form. c) Considerable differences were found in the accumulation of the two elements after 24 hours. The differences were ascribed to the different intra- and extracellular concentrations of the natural isotopes of the two elements and, to a lesser extent to their presumbly different "lag phenomenon". PMID- 1235454 TI - Melatonin content of cat cerebrospinal fluid and blood following intravenous injection of melatonin as measured by Xenopus laevis skin melanophore test. AB - Melatonin content of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and choroid plexus was measured in untreated and melatonin-injected cats using the Xenopus laevis melanophore-contracting bioassay. CSF and choroid plexus had a considerable melanophore contracting activity in the untreated animals. Intravenously injected melatonin considerably enhanced the melanophore-contracting activity of the CSF and choroid plexus. Two hours later, melatonin was still present at high concentrations in these tissues, whereas it had considerably diminished in the blood. It is concluded that the choroid plexus concentrates and secretes melatonin into the CSF in a bioactive form. PMID- 1235455 TI - Urinary fluoride levels after consumption of fluoride-poor drinking waters in Hungary. AB - Fluoride concentration in the urine of subjects drinking fluoride-poor water was investigated. In the first series of experiments, mean F concentration in the urine collected for 24 hours was 0.26 mg/litre, in the second series, 0.28 mg/litre, and in group fractions 0.20 mg/litre. Standard deviations ranged from 0.07 to 0.12 mg/litre. No conclusion could be drawn from the F level of a single urine fraction to the 24-hour F level of the same subject. In group tests, means reflected the expected 24-hour values. There were differences in the urinary F levels of the subjects. Values for the same subject also varied; they were different on different days and the fractions collected on the same day showed variations. Older people excreted more fluoride than young ones. These findings are in good agreement with published data. PMID- 1235456 TI - Dose-related dual action of corticosterone on hypothalamic serotonin content in rats. AB - The effect of corticosterone administered in different doses has been studied on hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) content. A single intraperitoneal injection of the hormone in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg bw. increased the serotonin content of the hypothalamus at 30 min after administration. Five mg/kg had no effect, while 10.0 mg/kg decreased the serotonin content. The data provide an explanation for the controversial findings of different authors having used different doses of different glucocorticoids and on the basis of the results it is emphasized that the action of glucocorticoids on hypothalamic 5-HT content is a dose-dependent dual effect. PMID- 1235457 TI - An inexpensive miniature preamplifier for monitoring electroencephalographic and extracellular action potentials in unrestrained animals. AB - A miniature preamplifier is described that is suitable for use with microelectrodes with moderately high impedance (i.e. 10 to 25 micron diameter). The device has a gain of 500 and an imput impedance of 2.2 X 10(7) ohms. The imput noise is less than 20 microvolts r.m.s. PMID- 1235458 TI - On the role of catecholamines in the humoral modulation of the electrocortical activity in the cat. AB - By using the mescaline or the strychnine spikes as indicators of electrocortical activity it was found that they are increased in size by some catecholamines topically applied. These spikes showed late and long-lasting changes after somatic, as well as after autonomic afferent stimulation. The latter induced by cyanide, light asphyxia, intravenous injections of adrenaline or noradrenaline, and after a small dose of 6-hydroxydopamine. After a dose of this last substance, high enough to deplete the catecholamines of the brain, the late increase in amplitude of the cortical potentials observed following afferent stimulation disappeared leaving a long lasting reduction in that amplitude. The hypothesis is presented that the noradrenaline liberated by the adrenergic nerve fibers reaching the upper layers of the cortex acts on the nonsynaptic dendritic membranes modulating their activity in a humoral-like way. The pattern of this facilitating effect has a different temporal course and is longer lasting than that which is to be expectec only by the arrival of impulses at the cortex during the persistence of the neuronal activation induced by the information input to the CNS. PMID- 1235459 TI - Blood sugar serum insulin and free fatty acid levels in normal dogs. Sex differences. AB - Sex influences on blood sugar, serum immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acid levels in normal dogs, basally and during intravenous glucose tolerance tests, were studied. Serum free fatty acid levels were the variable most affected by sex in our study. They were high in males in the post-absorptive condition, with a prompt, sharp suppressibility by combined hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, followed by intense, subsequent rebound. Low in fasted females, they were poorly, non-significantly suppressed by glucose administration, and no subsequent rebound was observed. Insulin response was hardly impaired in males in respect to females, and neither blood sugar and serum insulin basal levels, nor the rate of glucose disappearance from blood depended upon sex. PMID- 1235460 TI - Development of supersensitivity in denervated slow muscle of the frog. Its dependence on the nerve stump length. AB - Sensitivity to carbachol has been studied in paired normal and denervated gastrocnemius slow muscle fibers of the frog. Dose response curves showed that after 25 days the ED50 was ten times less in denervated muscle than in the normal. The denervated muscle showed a three-fold increase in affinity constant to d-tubocurarine. In studying the development of supersensitivity of paired muscles denervated near or far from the neuromuscular junction it was found that muscles with a long axon stump started to increase sensitivity three days later than muscles with a short stump. We suggested that in slow muscle fibers, denervation supersensitivity is not only due to a spread in cholinergic receptor area but also to a change in the receptor properties. As the onset of the supersensitivity depends on the length of the nerve stump, it is also suggested that it is regulated by presynaptic factors which would be transported along the axon at a rate of a few centimeters per day. PMID- 1235461 TI - Reactivity of gut segments of Cavia aperea aperea (Erxleben 1777) PMID- 1235462 TI - [Immunological aspects in the prevention of aphthous fever. Introduction]. PMID- 1235463 TI - [Biosynthesis of macromolecules in lymphocyte transformation. Role of interferon in cancer]. PMID- 1235464 TI - [Regulation of protein synthesis in lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens]. PMID- 1235465 TI - [Regulation of RNA synthesis in lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens]. PMID- 1235466 TI - Immunologic mechanisms in hepatitis B assayed by antigen-binding lymphocytes. AB - Immune mechanisms in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were investigated in 16 persons with and without hepatitis using tests for HBS Ag, anti-HBS, anti-HBC and 125I-labeled HBS Ag binding lymphocytes (ABL) in peripheral blood. Anti-HBC, which is an evidence of a recent or current HBV infection, was detected in all HBS Ag positive sera. High counts of ABL correlated with the presence of anti-HBS in serum but not with anti-HBC or with HBS Ag. In patients with chronic hepatitis, and in asymptomatic carriers of HBS Ag, there was a trend towards low counts of ABL, which may represent partial tolerance ot HBS Ag in carriers of this particle. Further work on ABL for HBS Ag and HBC Ag should enhance our understnading of immunologic responses to the antigens of the hepatitis B virus. PMID- 1235467 TI - Viral hepatitis in the United States, 1970-1973: an analysis of morbidity trends and the impact of HBS Ag testing on surveillance and epidemiology. AB - Morbidity and surveillance data on viral hepatitis cases in the United States since 1970 has revealed plateauing of case rate, continued failure to observe seasonal variation, more general geographic distribution of cases, and persistence, although at progressively lower levels, of highest rates in males 15 29 years of age. Based on results of HBS Ag testing, as much as 24 per cent of hepatitis B may be misdiagnosed by physicians and from 18 to 46 per cent of reported cases can be classified hepatitis B, thus suggesting that hepatitis B may account for up to one-half the recognized viral hepatitis in this country. HBS Ag-negative hepatitis still seems commonly acquired through close personal contact; hepatitis B patients 15-29 years of age also commonly have personal contact association. Parenteral drug abuse and transfusion of blood and blood products continue to play a role in dissemination of hepatitis B, but hepatitis B seems to account for only about one half of all reported transfusion-associated hepatitis. Case fatality rates for reported cases appear to increase with age but are not higher for HBS Ab positive patients than for negative patients. PMID- 1235468 TI - The program of the World Health Organization in the international surveillance of viral hepatitis B. AB - Viral hepatitis represents one of the important public health problems throughout the world. However, from the very inadequate and sometimes considerably inaccurate world data on the incidence, severity, and mortality of the disease, only tentative conclusions can be drawn. There is, however, reasonably good evidence derived from HB antigen testing that it is more common in tropical countries than in temperate zones. The need for introducing more complete reporting of hepatitis by age and sex, and differential reporting of hepatitis type A, type B and type unspecified is stressed. In addition, information on the WHO program on hepatitis B is presented. PMID- 1235469 TI - Vertical transmission of the hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Vertical transmission implies transmission of the hepatitis B virus from mother to infant. This occurs with great frequency (70 to 100 per cent) when the mother has acute hepatitis B near delivery. Studies indicate that transmission may occur transplacentally or during the birth process, Once infected, the infants apparently remain hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with persistent hepatitis indefinitely; The rate of transmission of the hepatitis B surface antigen from asymptomatic carrier mothers to their infants varies from 0 to 40 per cent in different areas of the world. The highest rate is in Taiwan where it was found that neonatal infection correlated with the height of complement fixation of surface antigen in the maternal serum. In our series of carrier mother-infant pairs, three infants became surface antigen positive as neonates; two became positive between three and six months; and one became positive between six and 12 months of age; Two babies developed extremely high titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen the first year of life. In addition, 33 infants who were followed for from three to 42 months developed neither antigen nor antibody positivity. PMID- 1235470 TI - Intrafamilial spread of asymptomatic hepatitis B. AB - A survey of 751 families with a total number of more than 3,200 individuals was carried out. The sex-age standardized prevalence of serologic evidence of hepatitis B (HB) was, in familes with an index-donor antigen positive, ten times as high, and in those with an index-donor antibody positive, two of three times as high as in control families of the same ethnic background. The frequency of familial aggregation (two or more cases) was also unusually high (39-48 per cent). Familial prevalence and aggregation were found to be associated with family size. The highest prevalence of antigenemia was observed among sibs and patients (11 to 34 per cent) and the lowest among spouses (0 to 5 per cent). Sibs matched to the index-carriers by age showed a four to sixfold higher antigen prevalence than unmatched sibs. An excellent fit with the recessive inheritance hypothesis was obtained in genetic segregation analyses. In two of three matings with both members antigen positive, all progeny were found to be antigen positive. This study provided evidence indicating that familial aggregation and segregation of HB are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. PMID- 1235471 TI - Natural history of viral hepatitis in Greenland. AB - Epidemiological data indicate that endemic hepatitis in Greenland is immunologically different from hepatitis type A occurring in large epidemics. The endemic type is characterized by sporadicity, a high incidence in urban areas, and predominance of adult cases indicative of a hepatitis B virus (hbv) etiology. The distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the healthy population suggests the existence of a hyperendemicity of HBV in some rural areas showing few overt hepatitis cases but a HBs Ag carrier rate up to 25 per cent. PMID- 1235472 TI - Endemoepidemic non-parenteral type B hepatitis in Costa Rica. AB - In an endemic area of Costa Rica nonparenteral type B hepatitis occurs at a yearly rate of 160/100,000, in an endemoepidemic pattern with periodic localized outbreaks. In a recent episode in the village of San Rafael, 23 clinical and 67 subclinical cases, all subtype adw, originated from two carriers living in opposite ends of the village. Contact transmission was identified as the mode of spread. In a coincidental outbreak in another village, San Juan, 17 clinical and 40 subclinical cases were observed. Thirty-seven cases of HBs Ag/ayw positive hepatitis occurred in the Western sector of the village, apparently originating from contact with three HBs Ag/ayw carriers found in that area. There were also 20 cases of HBs Ag/adw positive hepatitis, but these occurred almost exclusively in the Eastern sector, where subtype adw disease has been prevalent in previous years. The geographic distribution of antibody subtypes found in the two separated sectors of the village coincided fully with that of the antigen subtypes. These observations show that personal contact is definitely a mode of transmission of hepatitis B. PMID- 1235474 TI - The emerging pattern of post-transfusion hepatitis. AB - The exclusion of commercial and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-positive donors, as measured by counterelectrophoresis, has markedly reduced the frequency of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). A further, significant reduction in type-B PTH can be achieved by prescreening donors for HBs Ag by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA); When a voluntary donor population, pretreated by RIA, is used, approximately 90 per cent of residual hepatitis is serologically unrelated to either the type-A or type-B hepatitis viruses. Similarly, cytomegalovirus and the Epstein-Barr virus are not serologically implicated in "non-A, non-B" hepatitis. Additional human hepatitis virus(es) may exist. PMID- 1235473 TI - Nonparenteral transmission of viral hepatitis in Greece. AB - "Nonparenteral" transmission of acute viral hepatitis was implicated in 50;5 per cent of 346 patients included in this study and in 67.5 per cent of 1,235 cases reviewed for the period 169-1973. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) was detected in 48.3 per cent of these patients. Of 476 family contacts of HBs Ag carriers 71 per cent had HBs Ag or anti-HBs, this being true for 88.8 per cent of siblings and for 67.7 per cent of offspring. Anti-HBs was detected in 10.4 per cent to 49.3 per cent of the populations tested, its frequency correlating with that of HBs Ag and increasing with age. Significant differences in the patterns of exposure to the hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) were seen between offspring and siblings of HBs Ag carries mainly determined by the observed HBs Ag prevalence in relation to their age. It was calculated that as many as 25 per cent of all Greeks may come into familial contact with HBs Ag carriers and acquire the infection mainly by nonparenteral mechanisms. It is concluded that in Greece there is already a wide exposure to HBV before vaccination programs. PMID- 1235475 TI - The consequences of administering blood pretested for HBs Ag by third generation techniques: a progress report. AB - Elimination of commercial blood, mandatory HBs Ag testing by third generation techniques, and detection and interdiction of incriminated blood donors have all contributed to a dramatic 63 per cent reduction in the estimated number of cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis from 424 in 1970 to 158 in 1973 and an even more dramatic drop in fatalities from 55 to 1970 to 10 in 1973. PMID- 1235477 TI - Transfusion of hepatitis B immune complex-containing blood in high HBV prevalence populations. AB - In several countries where there is a high prevalence of HBV the risk of PTH has been investigated. One study demonstrated that HBV immunity provided protection against infection following transfusion of HBs Ag-postive blood in that a higher proportion of immune recipients failed to develop, or developed only transitory, HBs antigenemia, Forty (61 per cent) of 66 recipients who received HBs Ag positive (IAHA) units developed hepatitis, which was subclinical in 37 (93 per cent) of the 40. Six recipients of HBs Ag-containing units had HBs Ag in the pre transfusion serum. In four, HBs Ag disappeared in the early post-trasfusion period, and anti-HBs was detected within days, persisting for the duration of the study. The mechanism of this change in HBV immune status is unknown but it may be related to the existence of HBs Ag immune complexemia detectable by radioelectro complexing in approximately 80 per cent of Hbs Ag-positive blood donors. The phenomenon of apparent "cure" of the HBs antigenemic state warrants further attention. PMID- 1235476 TI - Hbc ag, anti-HBC, and DNA polymerase activity in transfused recipients followed prospectively. AB - Hepatitis B core antigen, antibody to core antigen, and DNA polymerase activity were measured in sera from a select group of post-transfusion hepatitis B patients who had been followed prospectively following blood transfusion. Preliminary results of this study have revealed (1) that RIA testing of blood would not eliminate but would reduce post-transfusion hepatitis B infections by about 50 per cent; (2) that infection with HB virus is modified or aborted in the presence of pre-existing antibody to HB surface antigen; and (3) that transfusion of blood containing anti-HBs does not increase the risk of post-transfusion hepatitis B. HBc Ag and/or DNA polymerase activity were observed in the sera of all recipients tested who developed liver enzyme abnormalities along HBs Ag and anti-HBc. DNA polymerase activity usually occurred in the early stages of incubation before the transaminase became abnormal, whereas HBc Ag was more often associated with increasing enzymatic evidence of liver damage, suggesting release of core structures from the hepatocytes. The presence of DNA polymerase without detectable HBc Ag may be due to the presence of intact Dane particles in the sera, preventing recognition of the core antigen. No serological evidence of hepatitis B was observed in the sera of 24 other recipients who developed abnormal transaminases. Immunoelectron microscopy of these same sera revealed evidence of exposure to hepatitis A antigen following transfusion in at least two recipients. PMID- 1235478 TI - Va cooperative study of post-transfusion hepatitis, 1969-1974: incidence and characteristics of hepatitis and responsible risk factors. AB - The Veterans Administration has been conducting a cooperative randomized, double blind, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of conventional and hepatitis B immune serum globulin for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. Data collected between 1969 and 1974 provide the opportunity to describe the annual incidence and characteristics of the hepatitis that has developed, and the risk factors which have been identified. Anicteric hepatitis has developed four times more frequently than icteric hepatitis, the total incidence for all six years being 11.3 per cent. The incidence of HBs Ag-associated hepatitis declined dramatically after 1973 with the institution of routine screening of donor blood by radioimmunoassay techniques, although no change in the incidence of antigen negative hepatitis has occurred. There is indirect evidence to suggest that an undefined agent is responsible for the majority of instances of post-transfusion hepatitis occurring presently. The most important risk factor responsible for the development of hepatitis is the use of commercial blood, and it is strongly urged that this form of blood be removed from general use. PMID- 1235479 TI - Attempt to prevent hepatitis by using specific anti-HBs immunoglobulin. AB - Sixteen batches of specific anti-HBs immunoglobulin have been prepared from December 1970 up to now. They were used in an attempt to prevent hepatitis B: (1) By a single injection, within seven days, in patients exposed by HBs Ag-positive blood transfusion: with a dose of 0.16 ml/kg, two hepatitis B cases were observed among 29 followed up patients out of 43 cases; with a dose of 0.5 ml/kg, no hepatitis was reported to us in the next 26 patients. (2) By a single injection, within seven days, in laboratory and hospital personnel accidentally contaminated. With a dose of 0.08 ml/kg administered to more than 1000 persons, an excellent protection was observed. (3) By injections repeated every five weeks during the first four months, then more widely spaced during the following months, in hemodialysis units staff. The attack rate of clinical hepatitis B was reduced from about 44 per cent to 0 per cent. No hepatitis case was observed in 90 persons protected from four to 26 months. In a control group (eight subjects) three hepatitis B cases occurred (37 per cent). PMID- 1235480 TI - Viral hepatitis type B: prospects for active immunization. AB - Studies with heat-activated serum containing hepatitis B virus (MS2 strain) revealed 1) it was not infectious, 2) it was antigenic and 3) it was protectie. Acitve immunization with this preparation was associated with the detection of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and no detectable core antibody (anti-HBc). In addition, various investigators have prepared a synthetic hepatitis B peptide vaccine, These findings indicate that it should be feasible to develop an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by the use of purified hepatitis B surface antigen or one of its polypeptides. PMID- 1235481 TI - Pilocarpine ocuserts. Long-term clinical trials and selected pharmacodynamics. AB - For up to one year, 22 patients with occular hypertension or glaucoma wore a seven-day sustained release device (Ocusert) containing pilocarpine with acceptable retention and no important side-effects. Comparison of prestudy medical regimens using eye drops with those defined as minimum controlling concentrations indicated a high rate of over-medication. The hypotensive effect of two Ocusert strengths was compared to four pilocarpine drop concentrations. Concurrent administration of epinephrine drops did not interfere with Ocusert action and had the anticipated additive effect. Further study indicated the need for continuous wearing and delimited the effective duration of action for single Ocuserts to seven days. PMID- 1235482 TI - Size of the physiologic cup of the optic nerve head. hereditary and environmental factors. AB - This study provides a quantitative assessment of heritability of size of the normal physiologic cup when estimated as a continuous variable. A horizontal cup disc ratio was estimated clinically among a sample of 37 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 26 pairs of like-sexed dizygotic (DZ) twins. Differences in intrapair variance and intraclass correlation coefficient between the MZ and the DZ samples were large and highly significant, and suggest that inheritance plays a major role in determining diameter of the normal physiologic cup. Values of heritability index (Hl, an estimate of the proportion of variance within pairs explained by genetic factors) ranged from 0.60 to 0.80 by various computational methods employed. PMID- 1235483 TI - Peripheral retinal neovascularization in sarcoidosis. AB - Three black patients with peripheral retinal sea fan neovascularization were found to have sarcoidosis. The periphlebitic process may be the cause of stasis, hypoxia, and a secondary vasoproliferative stimulus. We noted the peculiar finding of a vessel passing through the neovascular tissue into the peripheral retina. This feature may help in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 1235484 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen-positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the choroid. A case report. AB - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were found to be elevated in a 62 year-old woman who came to us with a diffuse choroidal mass in the left eye. Although a metastatic tumor was suspected clinically, a thorough medical evaluation failed to detect a primary lesion and the eye was enucleated. The histologic diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma. On immunohistologic assay, the choridal metastases stained positively for CEA. We believe this to be the first CEA-positive intraocular tumor to be reported. PMID- 1235485 TI - Gelatin implants in scleral buckling procedures. AB - The use of gelatin has been evaluated in a series of 59 retinal surgical procedures over a five-year period. When used as a "trapdoor" alone, we conclude that gelatin works as well as any of the currently employed materials for simple cases. The technique gave a 90% primary reattachment rate, which was increased to 100% reattachment by subsequent surgery or photocoagulation. It also gave a desirable absorbable feature in very anterior or very posterior lesions. Used as a meridional implant and combined with one or two layers of solid silicone, the gelatin has proved to be extremely useful in closing holes that were highly elevated or significantly "fish mouthing." We wish to emphasize the value of this use as a meridional implant combined with silicone in complex cases. PMID- 1235486 TI - A model for steroid effects in herpes keratitis. AB - Dextran-Blue 2000 was used as a marker to determine the effect of steroids on large molecule transfer through the cornea. In superficially scarified corneas topically applied steroids greatly enhanced the transfer of this chromophore through the cornea in the in vivo state, but had little effect in vitro. This implies that the steroid effect is an active process. Since herpes simplex virus is approximately the same molecular weight and configuration as the chromophore used, this study explains one aspect of how steroids may be detrimental when used in the presence of this virus. PMID- 1235487 TI - Prevention of experimental allergic uveitis. Treatment and methotrexate. AB - These experiments were undertaken to determine if methotrexate therapy, initiated after immunization, could prevent the development of experimental allergic uveitis. Strain 13 guinea pigs were immunized with Strain 13 guinea pig retina uvea extract that had been emulsified in Freund complete adjuvant. Some were treated with methotrexate twice a week until the 21st day. Each week, all of their eyes were examined with a slit-lamp. At the end of the study, some were skin tested, and the sera of selected animals were tested by immunodiffusion for antibody. The eyes of certain groups were examined histologically. Results show methotrexate prevented the development of this type of uveitis, even when therapy was initiated seven days after immunization. The disease did not appear after therapy was stopped. Methotrexate also inhibited the development of skin sensitivity and antibody to retina-uvea antigen. PMID- 1235488 TI - A semi-automated instrument for determination of acuity threshold. AB - A device has been constructed that permits rapid, repeatable measures of visual acuity while minimizing many of the patient and examiner errors in subjective acuity testing. The Baylor acuity meter utilizes digital logic circuitry to implement a carefully controlled psychophysical "staircase" testing procedure in a small portable unit. Comparisons of the acuity meter with conventional measurement techniques on 51 subjects yield correlations of +.74 and +.81. A test retest correlation of +.96 was found. PMID- 1235489 TI - Pneumocephalus. A sign of intracranial involvement in orbital fracture. AB - Fractures of the orbit resulting from blunt or penetrating injury that involve the paranasal sinuses may tear the dura and allow air to enter the cranial cavity (pneumocephalus). Pneumocephalus is sometimes the only sign of intracranial involvement. It is characteristically delayed in onset and clinically unsuspected, so that routine follow-up roentgenograms of patients with orbitosinus fractures may be the only means of assuring early detection. Roentgenographically, the air may be seen in spidural, subdural subarachnoid, intracerebral, or intraventricular locations. Prophylactic parenterally administered antibiotics may prevent intracranial infection. However, since about 25% of patients still develop meningitis, surgical repair of the dural fistula is often necessary. PMID- 1235491 TI - [Normal and pathologic secretion of parathormone and calcitonin]. PMID- 1235490 TI - Lids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus. Eye infections with chlamydia. PMID- 1235492 TI - [Coronary disease: from epidemiology to prevention]. PMID- 1235493 TI - [Radiobiologic hazards of the peaceful use of nuclear energy]. PMID- 1235494 TI - [Measurement of intra- and trans-capillary glomerular pressure gradients in dogs. Current state of research]. PMID- 1235495 TI - Institutionalization, deinstitutionalization and the adversary process. PMID- 1235496 TI - The chemistry of molluscicides. PMID- 1235497 TI - Structure and activity in molluscicides. Effect of chelation. PMID- 1235498 TI - Schistosomiasis in the New Valley and the reclaimed northern coastal zone in Egypt. PMID- 1235500 TI - The possible role of some aquatic and water frequenting animals as natural reservoir hosts for Schistosoma species under our Egyptian environmental conditions. PMID- 1235499 TI - Mollutox and Bayer 73 as molluscicides against Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina. PMID- 1235501 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in different stages of human intestinal schistosomiasis. PMID- 1235502 TI - Immunoprecipitins to Schistosoma mansoni somatic antigens in the sera of Bilharzial patients. PMID- 1235503 TI - Immunoprecipitins to Schistosoma mansoni somatic antigens in hepatic schistosomiasis. PMID- 1235504 TI - Some observations on the effects of hycanthone on frog's heart and investigation of its site of action. PMID- 1235505 TI - The effects of a soluble sodium salt of prednisolone hemisuccinate on the toxicity of hycanthone on the frog's heart. PMID- 1235506 TI - Screening of some Egyptian herbs for molluscicidal activity. PMID- 1235507 TI - [Examination of sensory evoked potentials in epilepsy]. PMID- 1235508 TI - [Detection of some oxidoreductive metabolites of catecholamines in urine of the epileptic patients]. PMID- 1235510 TI - [Psychotic aspects in patients with epileptic seizures]. PMID- 1235509 TI - [Relationship between Rorschach test and electroencephalogram (preliminary note)]. PMID- 1235511 TI - [Discussion on etiology of epileptic psychoses]. PMID- 1235512 TI - [Postepileptic state]. PMID- 1235513 TI - [Contribution of EEG in the detection of the etiology of epilepsy in a certain age and localization of the anomaly]. PMID- 1235514 TI - [Epilepsy during course of infantile hemiplegia]. PMID- 1235515 TI - [West's syndrome (encephalopathia myoclonica infantilis with hypsarrhythmia). Difficulties in differentiating epileptic sequelae from relapses of the syndrom]. PMID- 1235516 TI - [Comparative analysis of epilepsy in falx meningioma and parasagittal meningioma]. PMID- 1235517 TI - [Etiology of epilepsy in pre-school and school children]. PMID- 1235518 TI - [Epilepsy in meningioma of the falx]. PMID- 1235520 TI - [Case of epilepsy after tetanus]. PMID- 1235519 TI - [Epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1235521 TI - [Epilepsy and hepatolenticular degeneration]. PMID- 1235522 TI - [Alcoholism and epilepsy in the region of Dolenjska (Slovenia) in comparison to the region of Pakrac (Slavonia)]. PMID- 1235523 TI - [Epileptic symptoms in alcoholics]. PMID- 1235524 TI - [Epileptics in the mental hospital and at the disability comission]. PMID- 1235526 TI - [Epilepsy and driving ability (some problems in practice)]. PMID- 1235525 TI - [Role of epilepsy in the pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction]. PMID- 1235527 TI - [Echoencephalography as a diagnostic procedure in epilepsy]. PMID- 1235528 TI - [Epilepsy in adult age]. PMID- 1235529 TI - [Epilepsy in old age]. PMID- 1235530 TI - [Epileptic manifestations and EEG changes in premature infants]. PMID- 1235531 TI - [Results of 10 years of experience in early detection of epileptic manifestations in newborn infants and children with birth injury of the CNS]. PMID- 1235532 TI - [Etiology of epilepsy]. PMID- 1235533 TI - [Early rehabilitation of infants with neonatal convulsions]. PMID- 1235534 TI - [Epilepsy in childhood as the consequence of infectious diseases of the CNS]. PMID- 1235535 TI - [Epilepsy in hydrocephalic children surgically treated by Pudenz's method]. PMID- 1235536 TI - [Enuresis nocturna, EEG and possible connection with epilepsy]. PMID- 1235537 TI - [Epileptogenic changes in EEG in children with disorders in behavior]. PMID- 1235539 TI - [Pierre Robin syndrome with hypsarrhythmia]. PMID- 1235538 TI - [Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis in the etiology of epilepsy in children]. PMID- 1235540 TI - Is satisfaction redundant with organizational climate? PMID- 1235541 TI - [Calculation of basic parameters of the detector collimation system for the longitudinal radioisotope tomograph]. PMID- 1235542 TI - [Methods of analysis of the individual motor unit potentials]. PMID- 1235543 TI - [Evaluation of the accuracy in obtaining temporary characteristics of bioelectric processes for specialized multiparameter analyzers]. PMID- 1235544 TI - [Nomogram for determination of a transmission coefficient in optics]. PMID- 1235545 TI - [Study of the system of longitudinal radioisotope tomography]. PMID- 1235546 TI - [Possibilities of using vidicon with controlled memory for radioisotope diagnostic studies]. PMID- 1235547 TI - [Multi-channel apparatus for radioisotope diagnosis with centralized amplification and selection of signals]. PMID- 1235548 TI - [Centralized output of measurement results in the multi-channel radioisotope systems]. PMID- 1235549 TI - [Radiodiagnostic systems for rapid scanning]. PMID- 1235550 TI - [Medical-biological scintillation beta-counter]. PMID- 1235551 TI - [Method of construction of the high-speed amplitude analyzers on integral circuits for radiological apparatus]. PMID- 1235552 TI - [Methods of radioisotope tomography]. PMID- 1235553 TI - [Comparison of the scintillation gamma-camera and multidetector scanner GNG-8 by the quality factor and brain scanographs]. PMID- 1235554 TI - [Possibilities of clinical use of the square contrast technic]. PMID- 1235555 TI - [Use of the USS-1 counter for determination of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones in blood serum]. PMID- 1235556 TI - [Device for elimination of measurement errors]. PMID- 1235557 TI - Parameters of the system of information presentation in radioisotope scanning. PMID- 1235558 TI - [Checking of the scanner parameters]. PMID- 1235559 TI - [Method of calculation of apriori statistical reliability in detection of pathological foci in gamma-topography (cases of "bad statistics")]. PMID- 1235560 TI - [Improvement in the organization of the mounting-assembly technology of the radioelectronic medical equipment]. PMID- 1235561 TI - [Experimental testing of internal tensions of elastic OYA compound by the method of wire tensometry]. PMID- 1235562 TI - [Method of reducing the errors in the measurement of verbal reactions]. PMID- 1235563 TI - [Certain experimental studies of the vibration driving gear for the extension of the paper diagram tape in the medical tape recorder]. PMID- 1235564 TI - [Determination of the torque of the anchor of a polarized galvanometer of the electromagnetic system]. PMID- 1235565 TI - [Unification of the biosynchronization systems]. PMID- 1235566 TI - [New radioelectronic medical diagnostic equipment]. PMID- 1235568 TI - [Electromyograph EMG 4-03]. PMID- 1235567 TI - [Arrhythmia indicator - an apparatus for detection of threatening conditions]. PMID- 1235569 TI - [Standardization of the parameters of electromagnetic polarized galvanometers]. PMID- 1235570 TI - [Synthesis of correcting links of the electronic amplifiers for galvanometers of the medical-electronic recorders]. PMID- 1235571 TI - [Universal microsystem programming device for the biosynchronizers]. PMID- 1235572 TI - [Medical grounds for the necessity of development of the apparatus for the measurement of the degree of pulse rhythm]. PMID- 1235573 TI - [Method of construction of input cascade of the amplifier for the field transistors]. PMID- 1235574 TI - [Input amplifying device for the electromyographs]. PMID- 1235575 TI - [Infralow-frequency generators of saw-like tension for the medical equipment]. PMID- 1235576 TI - [Statistical analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the inserted blocks and the framework for the medical-electronic apparatus]. PMID- 1235578 TI - [Effect of dynamic characteristics of the gauging transducers on the accuracy in reproduction of periodic signals]. PMID- 1235577 TI - [Elaboration of the technology of diffusion welding of primary transformers]. PMID- 1235579 TI - [Chronic constipation and megacolon. Long term study in 106 children]. PMID- 1235581 TI - [Acute diarrhea with dehydration of torpid evolution]. PMID- 1235580 TI - [Extra-and intracellular hydroelectrolytic composition. How to explain the differences?]. PMID- 1235582 TI - [Hypoglycemia in newborns infants of low birth weight]. PMID- 1235583 TI - [Purulent pericarditis in childhood. Clinical analysis]. PMID- 1235584 TI - [Purulent meningitis in children. Clinical analysis]. PMID- 1235585 TI - [Bronchiectasis in children. Study of 30 cases with bronchographic confirmation]. PMID- 1235586 TI - [Headaches in students]. PMID- 1235587 TI - [Migraine and its convulsive equivalent]. PMID- 1235588 TI - [Development of vision disorders in children]. PMID- 1235589 TI - [Program of infant nutrition. Southwest region of Santiago. Evolution of the work of 1 year]. PMID- 1235590 TI - State intervention on behalf of "neglected" children: a search for realistic standards. PMID- 1235591 TI - [Disinfection and sterilization in prevention of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 1235592 TI - [Health characteristics of occupations]. PMID- 1235593 TI - [Adenomyoma papillae vateri]. PMID- 1235594 TI - [Problems of patients operated on for peptic ulcer in adolescence]. PMID- 1235595 TI - [Hemostatic disorders in Australia-antigen-positive subjects as an important cause of hemorrhage during surgical interventions]. PMID- 1235596 TI - [Total anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins (TADPV)--supracardial type]. PMID- 1235597 TI - [Difficulties in the surgical treatment of perforated hydatid cysts into the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Some of our experiences with the anaphylactic reaction]. PMID- 1235598 TI - [False aneurysm of the left ventricle after a stab wound. Report of a successfully operated case]. PMID- 1235599 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic ulcer disease with superselective vagotomy (SSV) without drainage procedure and with intraoperative control of the completeness of the dissection of all gastric branches of both vagi nerves. PMID- 1235600 TI - [Clinical and surgical treatment of congenital rectovaginal and rectourethral fistulas]. PMID- 1235601 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the optic disk papilla as a differential diagnostic problem in relation to a slow papilledema of the optic disk]. PMID- 1235602 TI - [Selection of ways for the drainage of hydrocephalus in newborn infants]. PMID- 1235603 TI - [Our experiences in the therapy of congenital neck fistulas]. PMID- 1235604 TI - [Cleidocranial dysostosis (Pierre-Marie and Santon's disease)]. PMID- 1235605 TI - [Congenital cysts of the neck]. PMID- 1235606 TI - [Disorders of the respiratory function in congenital anomalies of the thorax, lung and diaphragm]. PMID- 1235608 TI - [Modification of Ravitch's surgical technic for pectus infundibuliforme]. PMID- 1235607 TI - [Congenital cystic malformations of the mediastinum]. PMID- 1235609 TI - [Operative tactics in lung surgery for lobus venae azygos]. PMID- 1235610 TI - [Malformations of the digestive tract in our material]. PMID- 1235611 TI - [Pathology and clinical aspects of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1235612 TI - [Management of anorectal arteries at the surgical clinic in Ljubljana during 1948 1973]. PMID- 1235614 TI - [Bile duct atresia in our 15-year case material]. PMID- 1235613 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum in our material]. PMID- 1235615 TI - [Acute abdomen caused by an accessory pancreas in the Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1235616 TI - [Persistent ductus omphaloentericus and urachus]. PMID- 1235617 TI - [Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital esophalgeal atresia]. PMID- 1235618 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1235619 TI - [Megaduodenum]. PMID- 1235620 TI - [Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia]. PMID- 1235621 TI - [Anomalies of the common bile duct]. PMID- 1235622 TI - [Congenital duplications of the esophagus]. PMID- 1235623 TI - [Treatment of a large omphalocele and laparoschisis using a simple polyethylene bag]. PMID- 1235624 TI - [Surgical procedure in congenital megacolon]. PMID- 1235625 TI - [Abberant pancreas and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1235626 TI - [Review of a case of congenital duodenal atresia]. PMID- 1235627 TI - [Ductus omphaloentericus persistens]. PMID- 1235628 TI - [Intestinal obstruction in the newborn infant caused by cavernous mesenteric lymphangioma]. PMID- 1235629 TI - [2 cases of mesenteric cysts in children]. PMID- 1235630 TI - [Surgical results in congenital heart defects and great vessel transposition at the clinic for cardiovascular surgery in Ljubljana (from June 1948 to 1974)]. PMID- 1235631 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the kidney and ureter]. PMID- 1235632 TI - [Our experiences in the treatment of patients with horseshoe-shaped kidney]. PMID- 1235633 TI - [Heterogeneity of the kidney stem]. PMID- 1235634 TI - [Congenital malformations of the kidney and its canal system]. PMID- 1235635 TI - [Ureter bifidus as an urologic problem]. PMID- 1235636 TI - [Surgical reconstruction of bladder exstrophy using pelvic osteotomy]. PMID- 1235637 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract in the material of our services during the last 10 years]. PMID- 1235638 TI - [Anomalies of the renal artery detected by aortography]. PMID- 1235639 TI - [Anomalies of the urogenital tract in our 5-year material]. PMID- 1235640 TI - [Sinus venosus defect of the atrial septum]. PMID- 1235642 TI - [Congenital anomalies of deep veins in the lower extremities]. PMID- 1235641 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of Madelung's deformity in children]. PMID- 1235643 TI - [Polymastia]. PMID- 1235644 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot (stenosis of the pulmonary artery with defect of the atrial septum)]. PMID- 1235645 TI - [Surgical shunt interventions in tetralogy and pentalogy of Fallot]. PMID- 1235646 TI - [Stenosis of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1235647 TI - [Atresia of the tricuspid orifice]. PMID- 1235648 TI - Characteristics of anesthesia in patient with congenital heart diseases operated under hypothermia. PMID- 1235649 TI - [Total correction of tetralogy and pentalogy of Fallot]. PMID- 1235650 TI - [Heart septal defects, ventricular]. PMID- 1235651 TI - [Congenital aortic stenosis]. PMID- 1235652 TI - [Botallo's duct (presentation of 420 operated-on patients)]. PMID- 1235653 TI - [Defectus septi atriorum sinus venosus (presentation of 35 surgical cases)]. PMID- 1235654 TI - [Defectus septi atriorum secundum (presentation of 397 surgical cases)]. PMID- 1235655 TI - [Problem of resuscitation in patients operated on for congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1235656 TI - [Patch-plasty in the surgical treatment of aortic coarctation]. PMID- 1235657 TI - [Our experiences with extracorporeal circulation in the surgical treatment of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1235658 TI - [1st aid and transport in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235659 TI - [General medical aid to multiple injured persons]. PMID- 1235660 TI - [Surgical aid in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235661 TI - [Craniovertebral injuries within the structures of current injuries]. PMID- 1235662 TI - [Epidural hematoma associated with thoracic injuries]. PMID- 1235663 TI - [Acute tramatic thrombosis and multiple injuries (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 1235664 TI - [Cerebral coma in patients with multiple injuries in our region from 1967-1973]. PMID- 1235666 TI - [Craniocerebral injuries in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235665 TI - [Cerebral coma in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235667 TI - [Role of maxillofacial surgeon in the treatment of patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235668 TI - [Spinal injuries in patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235669 TI - [Respiratory complications in frontobasal and facial injuries]. PMID- 1235670 TI - [Injuries of the cervical region in accidental multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235671 TI - [Thoracic injuries in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235672 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235673 TI - [A case of multiple injuries with rupture of the liver and the right hemidiaphragm]. PMID- 1235674 TI - [Anomalies of the internal carotid artery--surgical aspects]. PMID- 1235675 TI - [A case of traumatic duodenal ulcer perforation within the scope of multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235676 TI - [Some specificities in the surgical treatment of miners with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235678 TI - [Closed combined injuries of the retroperitoneal duodenum]. PMID- 1235677 TI - [Selective diagnosis in unclear cases of traumatic splenic rupture and in multiple injuries (with presentation of 6 cases)]. PMID- 1235679 TI - [Abdominal injuries and multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235680 TI - [Injuries of the inferior vena cava in patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235682 TI - [Closed ruptures of the diaphragm in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235681 TI - [Abdominal injuries within multiple injuries caused by the operation of farm equipment]. PMID- 1235683 TI - [Congenital anomalies of upper-limb arteries]. PMID- 1235684 TI - [Injuries of the urinary bladder and posterior urethra in contusions of the abdomen and fractures of the pelvis]. PMID- 1235685 TI - [Complicated injuries of the pelvis]. PMID- 1235687 TI - [Urethral injuries in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235686 TI - [Presentation of 2 cases of injuries to the abnormal kidney in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235688 TI - [A case of severe multiple injuries treated successfully by surgery]. PMID- 1235689 TI - [Multiple injuries in our case material]. PMID- 1235690 TI - [Injuries to the locomotor apparatus within the scope of multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235692 TI - [3-year review of comminuted closed and open fractures of the extremeities at the 2nd Division Hospital in Asmari--Ethiopia]. PMID- 1235691 TI - [Our 10 years experiences in treatment of open fractures of lower extremities in patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235693 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235694 TI - [Treatment of fractures in patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235695 TI - [Injuries to the locomotor apparatus within the rope of multiple injuries in the region of Slavonski Brod during the last 5 years]. PMID- 1235696 TI - [Standard transport immobilization of the lower limbs--splint Es-2]. PMID- 1235697 TI - [Team care in multiple fractures of injured persons]. PMID- 1235698 TI - [Our experiences in the treatment of fractures in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235699 TI - [Problems in the treatment of combined simultaneous injuries of blood vessels, bone and soft tissues of the limb]. PMID- 1235700 TI - [Coarctation of the abdominal aorta and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1235701 TI - [Care of multiple injured patients with fractures of the pelvis]. PMID- 1235702 TI - [Problems of diagnosis, resuscitation, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235703 TI - [Timing and priority of surgical interventions in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235704 TI - [Measures for rescuing persons with multiple injuries in terrains with difficult access]. PMID- 1235706 TI - [Multiple injury and its specificity in diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 1235705 TI - [Priority in the primary care at a hospital surgical department in persons with severe combined and multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235707 TI - [Measures for rescuing polytraumatized patients on the road]. PMID- 1235708 TI - [Pneumatic splints as means of immobilization within the scope of 1st aid]. PMID- 1235709 TI - [Surgical correction of congenital stenoses of the pulmonary artery under hypothermia]. PMID- 1235710 TI - [Problem of priority in the child with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235711 TI - [Multiple injuries at the surgical department of the military hospital Meljina in the last 3 years]. PMID- 1235712 TI - [Multiple injuries in our experience]. PMID- 1235713 TI - [Injuries on the territory of the municipality Banja Luka]. PMID- 1235714 TI - [Medical care in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235715 TI - [Multiple injury in persons with acute alcohol intoxication]. PMID- 1235716 TI - [Some drastic examples of inadequate 1st and general medical aid in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235717 TI - [Double aortic arch (review of a successfully treated case)]. PMID- 1235718 TI - [Importance of plasma expanders in the resuscitation persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235719 TI - [Tactics of the surgeon in the treatment of persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235720 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the heart and great blood vessels]. PMID- 1235721 TI - [1st aid and transport in the tourist territory of Dalmatia]. PMID- 1235722 TI - [Multiple injury as a surgical and social problem]. PMID- 1235723 TI - [Choice of anesthesia in persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235724 TI - [Epidemiology of multiple injuries on the roads of the Slavonski Brod district in the last 10 years]. PMID- 1235725 TI - [Significance of general medical aid in the care of persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235726 TI - [Purposeful use of blood in persons into multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235727 TI - [Coarctation of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 1235728 TI - [The problem of urgent and correct diagnosis in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235729 TI - [Use of Hemodex within the scope of general medical aid in persons with multiple injuries persons]. PMID- 1235730 TI - [Unprotected railroad crossings--one of the frequent factors in the cause of multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235731 TI - [Our experiences in the treatment of persons with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1235732 TI - [Fractures of the limbs and injuries to the major arteries of the limb]. PMID- 1235733 TI - [Congenital malformations of the thoracic cavity]. PMID- 1235734 TI - [Primary and secondary hydrocephalus complicated with other congenital malformations]. PMID- 1235735 TI - [Surgical treatment of occipital meningoencephalocele]. PMID- 1235736 TI - [Anomalies of the anterior cranial fossa and recurrent meningitis]. PMID- 1235737 TI - Acute renal insufficiency. PMID- 1235738 TI - [Hirschsprung's disease -- therapy and results]. PMID- 1235739 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 1235740 TI - [Decortication in recent postpneumonic pleural empyema]. PMID- 1235741 TI - [Carcinoma of the breast and plastic reconstruction using a prosthesis]. PMID- 1235742 TI - [Benign tumors of the esophagus -- apropos of a case]. PMID- 1235743 TI - Local increase of vascular permeability induced by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in the rat skin. PMID- 1235744 TI - Characterization of the blood serum xanthine dehydrogenase by polyacrilamide-gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1235745 TI - Purification and properties of fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase from beef heart muscle. PMID- 1235746 TI - Cholera in Africa: a message for the West. PMID- 1235747 TI - Home care: much needed, much neglected. PMID- 1235748 TI - Sewage irrigation: health benefit or hazard? PMID- 1235749 TI - Alcoholism a disease? PMID- 1235750 TI - Bilateral nephrectomy in hypertension. PMID- 1235751 TI - Nephrotic proteinuria in obesity. PMID- 1235752 TI - Adriamycin and radiation: synegistic cardiotoxicity. PMID- 1235753 TI - "Munchausen syndrome" cases. PMID- 1235754 TI - [Intravenous penicillin: cardiorespiratory effects]. PMID- 1235755 TI - "Munchausen syndrome" cases. PMID- 1235756 TI - Vibrio fetus infection. PMID- 1235757 TI - Estimation of creatinine clearance. PMID- 1235759 TI - Supraventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Prognostic importance of clinical setting; mechanism of production. PMID- 1235758 TI - Stimulated renin: a screening test for hypertension. PMID- 1235761 TI - Severe vascular complications in oxalosis after bilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 1235760 TI - Pulmonary effects of oxygen breathing. A 6-hour study in normal men. PMID- 1235762 TI - Ultrasound in diagnosis, localization, and treatment of loculated pleural empyema. PMID- 1235763 TI - Anaphylaxis from the product(s) of ethylene oxide gas. PMID- 1235765 TI - Raw diet and insulin requirements. PMID- 1235764 TI - Water intoxication and thioridazine (Mellaril) PMID- 1235766 TI - Cyclic laryngeal edema with aphonia. PMID- 1235767 TI - [Contribution to the study of some aspects of amoxycillin's pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 1235768 TI - [Processing of data relative to gram-positive bacterial strains of clinical origin isolated in the three-year period 1972/1974]. PMID- 1235769 TI - [Clinical chemotherapy with Cefazolin: therapeutic and prophylaxic values in prenatal medicine and in gynecological surgery]. PMID- 1235770 TI - [Processing of data relative to gram-negative bacterial strains of clinical origin isolated in the three-year period 1972/1974]. PMID- 1235771 TI - Effects of secobarbital on performance upon arousal from stage 4 sleep. PMID- 1235772 TI - Electrophysiological properties of caudate neurons following substantia nigra, motor cortex, and amygdaloid nuclear complex stimulation of the rat. PMID- 1235773 TI - The role of the thalamus in the organization of photic-evoked responses in man. PMID- 1235774 TI - Quantitative registration of motor disorders following bilateral lesions of substantia nigra in the rat. PMID- 1235775 TI - [State of oxidative processes in the hematopoietic organs in experimental suppression of hematopoiesis by benzol]. PMID- 1235776 TI - [Kinetics of the methylation of the newly-synthesized fraction of DNA in the bone marrow of patients with chronic lympoleukemia]. PMID- 1235777 TI - When to treat. PMID- 1235778 TI - Proceedings: The micronucleus test as a simple model, in vivo, for the evaluation of drug-induced chromosome aberrations. Comparative studies with 13 compounds. PMID- 1235779 TI - [Aging of the heart connective tissue cells and their effect on the myocardium]. PMID- 1235780 TI - Naevus superficialis lipomatosus. A clinicopathological report of twenty cases. AB - Naevus superficialis lipomatosus (NSL) is a rare malformation consisting of multiple or solitary papules usually occurring on the lower trunk or gluteal regions. In this study the clinical features of twenty new cases are described with a detailed account of the histopathology. Notable were the marked variability in the amount of ectopic fat found in the lesions, and the presence of associated abnormalities of the connective tissue, the vessels, and the skin appendages. In early lesions, mononuclear cells differentiating into lipoblasts could be identified around proliferating capillaries. Two clinical types were distinguished. First, the classical type (7 cases) consisting of multiple lesions occurring in a zonal distribution, and secondly the solitary papule or nodule (13 cases). The latter type can be difficult to distinguish from a skin tag with fatty herniation. PMID- 1235781 TI - Comparative morphological studies on adjuvant arthritis induced in the extremities of rats, mice, and golden hamsters by intracutaneous injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. AB - Forty rats, 60 mice, and 60 golden hamsters were administered complete Freund's adjuvant by intracutaneous injections in an attempt to produce the clinical picture of arthritis. 90% of the rats, 25% of the mice, and 40% of the golden hamsters developed swollen extremities similar to those observed in rats affected by adjuvant arthritis. 12 animals of each of the 3 species included in this investigation, which showed macroscopically visible swellings of their extremities, were used for comparative histological studies in order to find out whether the swellings of the extremities of mice and golden hamsters are real inflammations of joints and identical with rat adjuvant arthritis. The animals were killed, at 4-day intervals, between the 8th and the 44th days from administration of the adjuvant. Whereas rats showed the full clinical picture of adjuvant arthritis, mice and hamsters exhibited only inflammatory pedal edema without florid arthritis. The involvement of the joints was confined to a minor focal reaction of the synovial membranes of small individual joints. The results obtained support the view of rat adjuvant arthritis being a species-specific reaction rather than corresponding to a species-dependent, universal principle of reaction. PMID- 1235782 TI - The development of rat palatal shelves in vitro. An ultrastructural analysis of the inhibition of epithelial cell death and palate fusion by the epidermal growth factor. PMID- 1235783 TI - Effect of some cationic drugs on the intestinal absorption of pralidoxime iodide. PMID- 1235784 TI - [Structure and cytological characterization of the distal tubule of the rat kidney]. PMID- 1235785 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the rabbit cervix epithelium. PMID- 1235786 TI - [Role of gonadotrophins in mediating the effect of progesterone. I. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies on the rat vaginal epithelium (author's transl)]. AB - Progesterone induced alterations in the vaginal epithelium of the rat has been studied under the following experimental conditions characterized by an abundance of deficiency of gonadotrophins: ovariectomized impuberal rats, ovariectomized adult rats (at different periods following ovariectomy), impuberal rats subjected to ovariectomy and hypophysectomy (untreated and treated with FSH, LH, HCG). PMID- 1235787 TI - Studies on the mechanism of lithium action: preliminary report. AB - Preliminary observations in a small animal sample reveal that chronic lithium treatment in rats produced significant changes in the microvillous processes on the cell surface of the choroid plexus. These alterations may be associated with increased intracellular choroidal volume. The type of changes noted by SEM suggest an alteration in movement of water into the extracellular areas of the brain. This basic alteration produced by lithium in the secretory/absorptive capacity of the chorid plexus is probably reversible. PMID- 1235788 TI - Effect of gamma radiation on the enzymatic activity of cell organelles of liver and epithelium of small intestine in rabbits. AB - The protein content and activity of enzymatic markers of cell organelles: succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, uricase, acid phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed in the homogenate and the supernatant (after two-hour centrifugation at 140,000 X g) of the liver and intestinal epithelium in rabbits irradiated with a single dose of 550 rads of gamma rays. The determinations were carried out on 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation for experimental and control animals. After gamma irradiation the following alterations were found: 1) increase in protein content (marked between 3-6 days), 2) remarkable rise of alkaline phosphatase activity (during the entire period of study), 3) elevation of 5'-nucleotidase activity (only in the intestinal epithelium), 4) marked reduction of succinate dehydrogenase and uricase activity (on the first day of study), 5) moderate decrease of glucose-6 phosphatase activity (mainly on the third day). Apart from a slight decline in the activity of acid phosphatase in the homogenate of intestinal epithelium, on the third day there practically were no changes in the activity of this enzyme either in the supernatant of intestinal epithelium or in the liver tissue. PMID- 1235789 TI - Structure activity relationships in a series of semi-synthetic esters of protoverine in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1235790 TI - [Testosterone metabolism in the livers of rats with alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 1235792 TI - [Action of clostridial spores on transplantation tumors in alloxan-diabetic rats (author's transl)]. AB - With the intention to improve the up to now unsatisfying effectiveness of tumour treatment by clostridial spores, the influence of Alloxan-induced hyperlglycemia on clostridial therapy in two transplantable tumours of the rat are examined. Contrary to the isolated clostridial application the combined treatment causes a significant improvement of therapeutic effects (tumour-necrosis and liquefaction, decreased growth-rate-quotient). The examination of antibody titers against clostridial rods shows in animals with Alloxan-diabetes a more early and more powerful increase in comparison with the isolated clostridial application. The importance of these results for therapy and serological diagnosis of malignant tumours is discussed. PMID- 1235791 TI - [Distribution of nucleic acids in the receptor elements of the spiral organ in alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 1235793 TI - Simultaneous and successive discrimination of similar letters: comparison of training techniques and transfer effects. AB - Letter discrimination training and its transfer to a trigram recognition task were investigated among 64 kindergarteners. Pretraining, method of stimulus presentation, and type of stimuli were varied in a factorial design. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that while pretraining facilitated learning the discriminations, presentation method and stimulus type did not. The presentation method by stimulus type interaction for number correct during discrimination training was significant at the p less than or equal to .07 level. No effect was noted on transfer task performance. PMID- 1235794 TI - [Influence of sensory and motor tasks on evoked potentials and the single-channel theory]. PMID- 1235795 TI - Letter: Iron concentration in folk remedies for anemia. PMID- 1235796 TI - Influence of the H-2 system on the sensitivity of vesicular glands to testosterone hormone. PMID- 1235797 TI - Addition of amino compounds to allenic and acetylenic ketones. Formation of pyrazoles and solvent effects in their H-NMR spectra. PMID- 1235798 TI - [Prescription and use of narcotics in Norway 1970-1974. A retrospective study of the legal turn over of narcotics]. PMID- 1235799 TI - Rehabilitation and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1235800 TI - Age-dependent changes in juvenile hormone esterase and general carboxyesterase activity in the hemolymph of the colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. AB - An in vitro method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of juvenile hormone (JH) esterase activity in the hemolymph of the Colorado beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. The apparent Km value for JH-esterase was determined. JH-esterase and general carboxyesterase activities were estimated throughout the life cycle and under different photoperiodic conditions. High activities were observed in fourth instar larvae and in beetles just before diapause. Lower activities were found in third instar larvae, long-day, diapause and post-diapause beetles. Similar variations were found in general carboxyesterase activity but not in protein concentration. A possible role for the esterase in the regulation of the JH titer is discussed. PMID- 1235801 TI - The contribution of a chloride shunt to the transmucosal potential of the rabbit submaxillary duct. AB - Chloride movement across the wall of the rabbit submaxillary duct has been studied. It was shown that the chloride diffusion from blood to luminal side was determined primarily by the existing transmucosal potential difference. From the fact that the ouabain-poisoned duct showed symmetrical behavior with respect to the chloride diffusion potentials in both directions and the fact that the measured chloride flux behaved as predicted according to the Goldman equation, it was suggested that a single barrier, rather than a series membrane system, determined the chloride movement. The permeability coefficients for chloride, in the order of 5.5 x 10(-5) cm sce-1 are much larger than would be expected for cell membranes. These findings in combination with the observations that mannitol permeability is higher during chloride perfusion than during sulfate perfusion and the observed electron-microscopic changes favor the concept of the existence of an extracellular route in chloride diffusion. An equivalent electrical circuit is given in order to evaluate the contribution of the chloride shunt more quantitatively. Calculations showed that the ductal resistivity during sulfate perfusion has a value in the order of 434 omega cm2, while during chloride perfusion this value is lowered to 48 omega cm2, indicating that the ductal wall can change from a tight to a leaky epithelium. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1235803 TI - An extended kinetic analysis of valinomycin-induced Rb-transport through monoglyceride membranes. AB - The time course of the current following a voltage jump, which is applied to monoglyceride bilayers in the presence of valinomycin, shows two relaxation times. This is basically in agreement with a simple carrier model which has been described in full detail formerly. Relaxation times and amplitudes allow a calculation of the rate constants of the transport model. The presented data supplement an analysis which was hitherto based only on the slower relaxation process and on information derived from the nonlinearity of current-voltage characteristics. The additional resolution of the faster relaxation time allowed an approximate determination of the voltage dependence of the translocation rate constant for carrier-ion-complex and provided evidence for a small voltage dependence of the interfacial reaction. The dependence of the relaxation parameters on the ion concentration in the aqueous phase was interpreted assuming a saturation of the ion concentration at the reaction plane at high bulk concentrations. PMID- 1235802 TI - Ionic mechanism of action of a spin-labeled local anesthetic on squid axon membranes. AB - The ionic mechanism of action of a spin-labeled local anesthetic (SLA), 2-[N methyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidonooxyl)]-ethyl 4-ethoxylbenzoate, was studied by means of voltage clamp technique with squid giant axons in comparison with the parent compound without spin label moiety, 2-(N,N-dimethyl)ethyl 4 ethoxylbenzoate (GS-01). Like other local anesthetics, they suppressed both sodium and potassium conductance increases. However, three remarkable differences have been noted between SLA and GS-01: (1) SLA is more effective than GS-01 in suppressing the sodium and potassium conductance increases; (2) SLA induces a potassium inactivation, whereas GS-01 is lacking this ability; (3) SLA has no effect on the time to peak sodium current, whereas GS-01 prolongs it. GS-01 resembles procaine with respect to (2) and (3) above. SLA will become a useful probe for the study of the molecular mechanism of local anesthetic aciton and of ionic channel function. PMID- 1235804 TI - Response of Nitella internodal cell to chemical stimulation. A model for olfactory receptor system. AB - Electrical response to excitable internodal cell of Nitella was studied by applying various kinds of odorants to the cell. Changes in membrane potential and resistance during responses induced by odorants were measured intracellularly under a variety of ionic environments in the media. Results were: 1) Some odorants (coumarin, isoamylacetate, methylacetate, 1-octanol, 1-butanol, 1 propanol) produced an all-or-nothing type action potential when the concentration of odorant exceeded a certain threshold. The action potential was followed by a gradual depolarization of the potential whose amplitude depended on the odorant concentration, C. Other odorants (heptanoic acid, beta-ionon) induced gradual depolarization of the membrane potential without evoking an action potential. 2) Membrane resistance Rm changed in various ways during depolarization: some odorants led to a temporal or gradual decrease in Rm, and others caused an increase in Rm when the membrane potential was depolarized by the application of odorants. 3) Magnitude of response to odorants OR was found to be represented by the following equation: OR =(alpha + beta square root I) log (C/Cth) for C greater than or equal to Cth where alpha and beta are constants for a given odorant, I the ionic strength in the medium, and Cth the threshold concentration of the odorant. 4) Plots of olfactory threshold of human and of internodal cell of Nitella gave a straight line having slope unity. 5) Local application of odorants on the internodal cell induced impulses which transmitted from the part treated by odorants to the other portion. Physico-chemical and physiological implications of the results obtained were discussed. PMID- 1235806 TI - The autistic character. AB - The purpose of this paper is to introduce the autistic character as a diagnostic entity and then delineate the formative early object relations, the symptoms and how they develop out of the early object relations, and the related defensive behavior. The paper will end with recommendations for treatment. PMID- 1235807 TI - The economy of comedy. PMID- 1235808 TI - The threat of infanticide and homosexual identity. PMID- 1235805 TI - Mitochondrial uncoupling agents. Effects on membrane permeability of molluscan neurons. AB - Agents which uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria were applied to identified neurons in an isolated ganglion of the marine mollusc Navanax inermis. Aromatic monocarboxylic acids, acetanilides, benzamides, benzaldehydes and phenols all caused a rapid, reversible, dose-dependent increase in the membrane potential and conductance of the neurons tested. These events were due primarily to an increase in the membrane's conductance to potassium, relative to chloride. All active compounds also produced a reversible, dose-dependent decrease in the permeability of alkali-cations relative to potassium. The relative activity of congeners in each group of substances was directly correlated with the octanol water partition coefficients of the various compounds, indicating that hydrophobicity was important in determining drug effect and suggesting that steric requirements were minimal. The results suggest that the observed changes in membrane electrical properties and cation selectivity are due to an increase in the membrane's anionic field strength caused by the hydrophobic interaction of anionic and nonionic agents with the neuronal membrane. PMID- 1235809 TI - The differentiation of an androgynous imago. AB - Global phobic-obsessive states accompanied by androgynous images broke, with treatment, into alternating phobic and obsessive phases characterized by paternal images in the former and maternal images in the latter. The dynamics of the phobic states related to the patient's wish for and dread of the paternal phallus, complicated by the father's death during a transitional anal period. The dynamics of the obsessive states were related to wishes and fears of destructiveness of or by the maternal insides. The maternal insides were also experienced as both dangerous and life-giving to the father. As the patient worked through her paternal and maternal fantasies, especially in the transference, her fears of the outside world (the father) and her need to control the insides of her home (the mother) markedly diminished. Active and passive responsive tendencies bound up and distorted in her obsessive and phobic states were able to undergo fuller differentiation and development with regard to both the internal maternal and paternal objects and the ego's modes of relating to them. PMID- 1235810 TI - Working through. A process of restitution. AB - A number of authors, including Freud, have written about the process of working through but have left unsettled what is actually involved. I have attempted to outline the step-by-step process of working through, starting with recollection and repetition and ending with restitution and resolution. I have introduced the term restitution in order to give more importance to an already existing step in the working-throught process; it should not be looked upon as an artificial device. Restitution allows the patient to find appropriate gratification in present reality, and this helps him to relinquish the past. Rather than allowing the patient to "wallow in the muck of guilt," as Eveoleen Rexford suggests society "wallows" in its inability to help its children, restitution gives appropriate direction for change. It is a natural step in the successful resolution of treatment. PMID- 1235811 TI - Identity and name changes. AB - The theoretical literature as well as case material presented point to the intimate relationship of name changes to identity struggles. Names have strong affective value and symbolize an important part of a person's identity. The cultural and social value of a name may be secondary to the personal meaning of that name to the individual who in changing it will reveal an inner change in his sense of identity or an inability to integrate a diffuse sense of identity. The answer to "what's in a name?" may be "Identity's in a name." PMID- 1235812 TI - The dream as dream stimulus. PMID- 1235813 TI - Time an inhibition in the adaptation of patients with colostomies. PMID- 1235814 TI - Application of real-time mass spectrometric techniques to environmental organic geochemistry. I. Computerized high resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry. AB - LOGOS (Smith et al. 1971), an integrated mass spectrometer/computer system, has been employed in a series of experiments which illustrate the utility of the automated techniques of real-time mass spectrometry in the study of organic compounds in the environment. These techniques are shown to be particularly useful in resolving complex mixtures of organic compounds encountered in environmental studies. Complete high resolution mass spectrometry, particularly when used in conjunction with combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and auxiliary techniques such as stable isotopic labeling are described to illustrate the type and scope of information that may be obtained. Illustrative samples include extracts of air- and waterborne particulates, extracts of water-soluble organic material, and a DDT metabolite from sewage sludge. PMID- 1235816 TI - DDT and selected analogues as microsomal oxidase inducers in the mouse. AB - Sixteen DDT-type compounds were tested in the mouse for their ability to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes and cytochrome P-450. Results suggested three categories of inducers: (a) inducers which are metabolized to inducers, (b) temporary inducers which are metabolized to noninducers, and (c) noninducers. Freedom from inductive properties is suggested as a parameter for new microcontaminant chemicals. PMID- 1235815 TI - Toxicity of malathion to mammals, aquatic organisms and tissue culture cells. AB - The effect of malathion on rats (75 and 38 mg/kg bwt), aquatic organisms (100 to 0.001 mg/L), and cells in tissue culture (1000 to 1 ppm) was studied. The conventional toxicological tests conducted for 90 days on rats yielded negative results. ChE activity was determined in plasma, liver, brain and erythrocyte samples. It was significantly reduced in the erythrocytes of animals treated with the larger dose for 21 days and in the cerebral cortex of rats fed either of the doses. ChE activity of rats consuming malathion for 90 days did not differ significantly from that of the controls. In contrast, the psychophysiological examinations utilized in the experiments indicated abnormalities within 21 days. Alterations were observed in the EEG and EMG records after 90 days of feeding. Malathion had a definitely harmful effect on phylogenetically and ontogenetically young aquatic organisms, as well as on the cells of monkey kidney culture. The latter finding suggests that the preparation has a direct destructive effect on cells. Although it is not suggested that malathion should be regarded a toxic agent thus requiring limitation of application, attention is directed to the fact that inconsiderate use of the preparation may involve potential dangers for man and his environment. PMID- 1235817 TI - Comparative behavior of dieldrin and carbofuran in the field. AB - To measure the amounts of dieldrin and carbofuran lost to the environment, we incorporated them into soils in small (0.6-1.1 ha) watersheds in separate years. The disappearance of each was monitored by periodically measuring residues in the soil, runoff, maize plants, and overlying air (dieldrin only). Soil residues were nonuniformly distributed. Best estimate for the time for 95% disappearance of dieldrin from the soil was 12.8 years. Carbofuran disappearance conformed to a first-order reaction and gave 95% disappearance times ranging from 145 to 434 days, depending on soil pH, moisture, and temperature. Runoff losses of both pesticides were highest in rainfalls during the first month after application. Over the season, dieldrin losses ranged up to 2.3% of that applied and were concentrated in the solids. Carbofuran losses in runoff occurred largely in the water and comprised up to 1.9% of the application. More than twice as much carbofuran (and metabolites) as dieldrin was accumulated in the maize plants, mainly in the leaves. Volatilization was an important route of dieldrin loss, amounting in the first year to 4.5% of that applied. Volatility of carbofuran, which was only 1/18th that of dieldrin in a laboratory test, was not measured in the field. The data show that use of optimum management practices can substantially reduce the environmental impact of agricultural applications of these pesticides. PMID- 1235818 TI - Determination of susceptibility of S-triazine herbicides to protonation and hydrolysis by mineral surfaces. AB - The relative ease of protonation and/or hydrolysis of s-triazine herbicides due to reactions on soil mineral surfaces may be measured by exposure of films of calcium-saturated montmorillonite to chloroform solutions of the s-triazines for appropriate time periods. s-Triazines susceptible to protonation are transformed into organic cations and adsorbed into the interlamellar region of the montmorillonite. Upon interlamellar adsorption of the s-triazine the concentration becomes sufficiently high to be detected by infrared techniques in the 1500 to 1800 cm-1 region. Hydrolysis of the triazines due to the "surface acidity" of the mineral surface is indicated by formation of a carbonyl band having a frequency at about 1750 cm-1. The relative degree of protonation and hydrolysis has been measured for twenty-seven chloro-, bromo-, methoxy-, and methylthio-s-triazines. These observations aid in predicting physiochemical behavior of s-triazines in soils as well as formulations containing similar mineral surfaces. PMID- 1235820 TI - Mechanisms of glaucoma. PMID- 1235819 TI - Current progress in vitreous and retinal surgery. PMID- 1235821 TI - Priorities and projects of the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. PMID- 1235822 TI - The classification and nomenclature of viruses. Summary of results of meetings of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in Madrid, September 1975. PMID- 1235824 TI - Editorial: Smallpox. PMID- 1235823 TI - Bunyaviruses and Bunyaviridae. AB - A new family is described, the Bunyaviridae, which contains a single genus, Bunyavirus. The main characteristics of the family are as follows: single stranded RNA, total molecular weight about 7 X 10(6) daltons, probably in three segments. Virions spherical, enveloped particles 90-100 nm in diameter. Envelope contains at least one virus-specified glycopeptide. Develop in the cytoplasm, mature by budding into smooth-surfaced vesicles in the Golgi region or nearby. Internal ribonucleoprotein composed of long strands 2-2.5 nm broad. There are at least 150 members, 87 serologically related bunyaviruses and other probable bunyaviruses. PMID- 1235826 TI - Sleeping sickness in children. AB - Twenty-three cases of Sleeping Sickness in children have been analysed at the Arthur Davison Hospital and Mukinge Hospital during the past five years. The overall mortality was 34.8%. This was especially high when trypanosomes were found in the CSF (43.8%), in patients with a CSF cell count greater than 101/cumm (50.0%), and in patients with associated protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) (30.0%). Some clinical features of sleeping sickness (SS) in children are discussed and the therapeutic approach reviewed. The importance of early diagnosis is stressed. PMID- 1235825 TI - Electrocardiographic patterns in normal healthy Zambians. AB - Although abnormalities in the electrocardiograms have been described amongst peoples of the Negroid race, there does not appear to be a clear classification of these abnormalities. An attempt has been made to classify these abnormalities in a study amongst indigenous Zambians. There was no correlation between the electrolyte profile of the subjects under study and the electrocardiographic abnormalities could be a feature of individuals living in the tropics and subtropical areas. They are not necessarily confined to the peoples of the Negroid race. Environmental factors could be responsible in part for these abnormalities. We do not subscribe to the theory that electrolyte abnormalities are solely responsible for the abnormal electrocardiograms seen in the African. PMID- 1235827 TI - Nutrition rehabilitation in Lusaka. AB - The incidence and present modes of management of malnutrition in the country are first discussed, and the idea of rehabilitation village, where the mother learns in a practical way about child feeding, is described. Details of the Chipata centre are given and it is recommended that these centres should be established on a wider scale. PMID- 1235828 TI - Uncommon arthropathies seen at the University Teaching Hospital-a presentation of two cases. AB - Two cases of arthritis are presented the first being a case of rheumatoid arthritis and the second a case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy secondary to pulmonary disease. Similar conditions have probably been seen in Zambia previously but none have been recorded, as far as we are aware. PMID- 1235829 TI - Eradication smallpox: global. PMID- 1235830 TI - Guanidine inhibits tobacco mosaic virus RNA synthesis at two stages. AB - Guanidine (GD) inhibited tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA synthesis at two different steps, depending on the concentration of GD used. The time-course of inhibition by 40 mM GD coincided with the time-course of RNA synthesis. However, 10 mM GD inhibited an earlier step that occurred prior to viral RNA synthesis. PMID- 1235831 TI - phi gamma: A coliphage coliphage related to, but distinct from the phi 80 virion. AB - The coliphage phi gamma, though capable of genetic recombination with phi 80, is morphologically distinct from the phi 80 virion. It has a prolate head (58.4 X 46.7 nm) bearing a tail (143 nm) which is strikingly flexible. On the basis of their buoyant density in CsC1, both infectious and transducing phi gamma particles form a single population. This density value is slightly higher than that of the phi 80 virion. The phi gamma chromosome is a double-stranded linear DNA molecule of 13.4 mum in length (corresponding mol. wt.: 27.6 X 10(6)). From its melting temperature and its buoyant density in CsC1, phi gamma DNA appears to have a base composition very close to that of Escherichia coli DNA. PMID- 1235832 TI - On standardization of the latex fixation test. PMID- 1235833 TI - On standardization of the latex fixation test - reply by Dr. Jacques M. Singer. PMID- 1235834 TI - [Scanning microscopic aspects of the normal and pathological trabeculum. Effect of trabeculotomy]. PMID- 1235835 TI - [Is the Silverman syndrome a battered child syndrome?]. PMID- 1235836 TI - [A new case of ocular myopathy with mitochondrial anomalies]. PMID- 1235837 TI - [Recent results on "xeroderma pigmentosum" (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 1235838 TI - [Contribution of transverse axial tomography with integrated calculator to ophthalmological and neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis]. PMID- 1235839 TI - [Treatment of carotido-cavernous fistulas and intracavernous aneurysms by means of a balloon catheter, which can be inflated and enlarged]. PMID- 1235840 TI - [Surgical interventions associated with cataract excision]. PMID- 1235842 TI - [Perforating eye injuries through breakage of the windshield studies at the C.H.U. at Rouen during the last 8 years. Study of bilateral injuries]. PMID- 1235841 TI - [An attempt at conservative treatment of a ciliary body melano-carcinoma]. PMID- 1235844 TI - [Can the Urrets-Zavalia syndrome be caused by contusion?]. PMID- 1235843 TI - [Corneal sequelae to obstetrical traumas]. PMID- 1235845 TI - [Secondary and late complications of injuries to the anterior segment of the eye]. PMID- 1235846 TI - Sudden withdrawal of propranolol dangerous. PMID- 1235847 TI - HCG not approved for use in obesity. PMID- 1235848 TI - Social performance and readmission in acute and chronic schizophrenics: comparison of two approaches. AB - Schizophrenics classified into acute, chronic, and high-low social competence groups were compared in terms of comprehensive social functioning and life stress. Results obtained with 624 patients showed overlap between the two classifications in functioning in eight areas of psychosocial activity. Interpersonal relationships differentiated acutes-chronics while antisocial behavior separated high from low social competence subjects. For stress three areas were common to both classifications. The acutes-chronics differed on work and interpersonal stress while leisure time stress differentiated competence groups. Predictability by comprehensive functioning measure identified readmission variables for acutes while social competence did not. For chronics, comprehensive functioning identified isolated psycosocial factors as predictors. PMID- 1235849 TI - Cross-cultural considerations in community psychiatry. AB - With the advent of community psychiatry it has become imperative to reconsider the role and meaning of such basic concepts as ego development, oedipal conflicts, object relations, etc. So much of life in the ghetto has been reduced merely to the struggle for survival. This is even more dramatically evident in dealing with the emotional and behavioral problems encountered among the children. Psychological intervention in any dimension must recognize and adapt or redefine these concepts within the context of the particular cultural and social environment. This varies widely when dominated by violence, disruption, and chaotic life experiences. Cases are cited to demonstrate the problems facing the practitioner who must attempt to treat a host of multi-faceted problem areas. PMID- 1235850 TI - An experimental analysis of response acquisition and elimination with positive reinforcers. AB - An 11 year old retarded child with a history of deviant behaviors underwent an extensive experimental-therapeutic program. This habilitation program was an extensive effort to decrease deviant behavior and to increase appropriate behavior. The program provided an experimental analysis of omission procedures for the reduction of deviant behaviors, and positive reinforcement for the acquisition and maintenance of appropriate play behavior. Response covariation of deviant behaviors was demonstrated. The study included a time period when the child was physically ill and under medical isolation. At the end of a two year follow-up, the child had significantly advanced her overall behavioral repertoire thus improving her physical health and living conditions. PMID- 1235851 TI - I.G. stimulants of the central nervous system. PMID- 1235852 TI - New groups of plant viruses approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, September 1975. PMID- 1235853 TI - Requirement of cell nucleus for the replication of an arenavirus. AB - Baby hamster kidney (BHK21) cells enucleated with cytochalasin B were infected with Pichinde virus or Sindbis virus. Viral replication was measured by plaque assay, and the synthesis of viral antigens was determined by immunofluorescence. Pichinde virus replication was completely inhibited in cells enucleated prior to infection as measured by both techniques while the replication of Sindbis virus was unaffected. Enucleation of cells at different times after infection with Pichinde virus indicated that intact nuclei were required for at least 8 h after infection. PMID- 1235854 TI - Exposure to white spirit. I. Concentration in alveolar air and blood during rest and exercise. AB - Fifteen healthy male subjects were exposed to 1,250 and 2,500 mg/m3 of white spirit in inspiratory air during rest and excercise on a bicycle ergometer. The white spirit contained approximately 83% aliphatic and 17% aromatic components. The duration of each exposure period was 30 minutes. The pulmonary ventilation, the cardiac output, and the concentration of white spirit (subdivided into aromatic and aliphatic components) in alveolar air, arterial blood, and venous blood were determined during and after exposure. The concentration of aliphatic and aromatic components in alveolar air tended to level off towards the close of each period. The resting level of the aromatic components increased approximately 2.0 times, and that of aliphatic components about 2.5 times, during exercise with increased intensities. The concentration of aliphatic components in arterial and venous blood increased at the start of each exposure period but tended to level off towards the close of the period. The resting value increased fourfold in work at the highest intensity. However, the concentration of aromatic components rose sharply during each period. The arterial blood concentration was about 15 times higher at the end of exposure during the heaviest exercise intensity than at rest. Pulmonary ventilation appeared to be more important to uptake in arterial blood than to circulation. The results are believed to be due to the differing solubilities of aliphatic and aromatic components in blood. Measurement of the concentration of white spirit in venous or arterial capillary blood is suggested as a biological check on exposure. PMID- 1235855 TI - Exposure to white spirit. II. Psychological functions. AB - The effect of the solvent white spirit on psychological functions, such as perceptual speed, reaction time, short-term memory, numerical ability, and manual dexterity, was studied in two separate series of experiments employing 14 and 8 healthy male students, respectively. Each subject was tested repeatedly in each series in exposure to 625, 1,250, 1,875 and 2,500 mg/m3 of white spirit in inspiratory air and under control conditions with exposure to pure air. In another experimental series each subject was tested during exposure to 4,000 mg/m3 of white spirit and under control conditions. Alveolar air samples were taken every fifth minute. No effect on examined functions was observed in the first experimental series. However, a prolonged reaction time and a probably impaired short-term memory was observed in subjects exposed to 4,000 mg/m3. At this concentration of white spirit in inspiratory air an alveolar air concentration was obtaine which corresponded to values obtained in exposure to 2,500 mg/m3 during light exercise. PMID- 1235856 TI - Roentgenographic findings of the lumbosacral spine in preemployment examinations of lumbermen with special reference to spondylolisthesis. AB - The X-ray findings of the lumbar spine in the preemployment examination of 807 lumbermen are presented. From the applicants 11.4% were rejected because of roentgenological and/or clinical low back abnormalities. The youngest age group showed a high frequency of spondylolisthesis (8%). The possible role of heavy work in adolescence in the etiology of spondylolisthesis is discussed. PMID- 1235857 TI - Changes in the nasal mucosa after exposure to copper salt dust. A preliminary report. AB - Ten mental workers with varying exposure to complex copper salts to dust form, six other metal workers not exposed, and nine construction workers in other occupational categories, also unexposed to the salts, were compared with respect to history and mucosal changes in the nose. There were subjective symptoms of metal dust exposure in the group exposed to the copper salts. Suspected early atrophic changes in the mucous membranes were noted in subjects exposed for long periods of time. Protective equipment in the form of breathing masks should be used in this type of work unless moistening or a surface finish on the copper sheeting is capable of preventing the release of dust. PMID- 1235858 TI - Biochemical changes caused by asbestos dust in the lungs of rats. AB - The contents of collagen, hexosamine, phospholipids, and cholesterol and the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, glutamic oxalo-acetate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transminase, aldolase, hexokinase, and lactic dehydrogenase were determined in the lungs of rats 150 days after the intratracheal injection of amosite, anthophyllite, and chyrsotile. Anthophyllite did not cause any significant change, while amosite and chrysotile caused significant increases in the contents of collagen and mucopolysaccharides. Lactic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were increased by all the dusts, while the othe enzymes were not seriously affected. The biochemical significance of the findings in relation to abestosis was discussed. PMID- 1235859 TI - Blood cell gamma-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in humans exposed to methylmercury. AB - The gamma-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity in blood cells was studied in 15 subjects exposed to methylmercury through consumption of contaminated fish and 19 "unexposed" subjects with a similar sex and age distribution. The exposed subjects had a mean mercury level of 120 (range 15-370) ng/g blood cells while the controls had 9 (range 4-15) ng/g. Both groups had the same mean level of lead in whole blood (10+/-1 mug/100 ml). ALA-D activity decreased statistically significantly as both mercury and lead levels in the blood cells increased. PMID- 1235860 TI - Isolation and morphology of the internal component of human coronavirus, strain 229E. AB - Biochemical studies on human coronavirus, strain 229E, indicate that the RNA is present in the virion in association with protein as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Morphological studies have revealed that this nucleocapsid is probably a continuous helical RNP. PMID- 1235861 TI - Endogenous DNA polymerase-positive core particles from hepatitis-infected hepatocytes. AB - The purification is described of liver-derived hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) from human hepatocytes demonstrating only intranuclear particles by electron microscopy. The purified preparation contained 5 x 10(11) particles per ml. The particles were mono-dispersed and relatively free of background material. DNA dependent polymerase activity was present and had greater activity than an equal number of cores derived from Dane particles isolated from plasma. Specificity of the polymerase reaction was confirmed by precipitation of the activity with specific anti-HBc antiserum. A proportion of the liver-derived core particles was nonreactive for DNA polymerase activity. The polymerase-positive population of particles had a larger size than the polymerase-negative population of liver derived cores as evidenced by gel filtration in Sepharose 4B. PMID- 1235863 TI - Cricket paralysis virus replicates in cultured Drosophila cells. AB - Drosophila cells infected with cricket paralysis virus yielded normal virus particles as shown by their infectivity and by physical and serological tests; the paricles had the same sedimentation coefficient and density as the virus particles used as inoculum, and were precipitated specifically by an antiserum to those particles. PMID- 1235862 TI - Demonstration of antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of H3N2 influenza A virus in domestic dogs. AB - Serologic evidence of infection with human (H3N2) influenza viruses of 6 of 79 dogs sampled in New York City in March-April 1973 was obtained through the use of four different methods for measurement of anti-hemagglutination and anti neuraminidase antibody. PMID- 1235864 TI - A systems approach to the provision of social work services in health settings: part 2. AB - In the first part of this presentation published in the last issue, the author offered a sociological view of the hospital as an institution within the economic, political, and value systems of the community. Systems theory is the conceptual base for projecting the potential role of the social worker in the health setting. Part 2, in this issue, deals with impediments and barriers to effective social work in hospitals as well as solution finding based on systems work in combination with direct service skills. PMID- 1235865 TI - Social work designs a humanistic program to enhance patient care. AB - This article is a description and evaluation of the University of Utah Medical Center's effort to enhance patient care through the establishment of a hospital staff human relations program. The program, focused on select hospital staff, aimed at greater staff awareness and sensitivity to the problems and needs of patients resulting from hospitalization. Because of the positive initial response, the program has been extended and has become a major staff development and education project. This program was presented by a team of social workers and represented a new contribution to the health care system by social work. PMID- 1235866 TI - The social work role in an inpatient alcoholism treatment team. AB - This article discusses the role of the social worker in an alcoholism treatment team. Many insights for social work treatment have derived fron an unusual blending of professional and experiential knowledge and consciously used lay counseling. The importance of a consistent philosophy among team members is emphasized, as is the need to treat the significant persons in the patient's life. PMID- 1235867 TI - Using the group method to study and treat parents of asthmatic children. AB - This paper describes the use of the group method to study and treat parents of hospitalized asthmatic children. The needs of parents as revealed by the group process are discussed, and the implications for treatment of both child and family are reviewed. PMID- 1235868 TI - Working with problems of assault to self-image and life-style. AB - This paper defines two groups of patients in general hospitals who require special attention to the social and emotional components of their illnesses: those patients who experience assaults to self-image and those patients who must make basic changes in their life-style. These two groups comprise a large segment of the adult patient population found in medical and surgical services of the general hospital. The emotional reactions of patients and family members to the process of illness and its treatment by surgery and prescribed regimen are examined. Although therapeutic intervention is the shared responsibility of all health care practitioners, the social worker is particularly equipped to deal with these attitudes and reactions. Methods of social work intervention useful to both groups of patients during hospitalization are discussed. The author urges greater utilization of therapeutic milieu concepts in medical and surgical services and identifies the role of the social worker in fostering this. PMID- 1235869 TI - The sub-acute center: a proposal for relocating elderly mental patients. AB - Both researchers and practitioners have become increasingly concerned with the plight of elderly mental hospital patients who are often inappropriately confined in state hospitals and then discharged from these facilities with little preparation for survival or attention given to the quality of community resources. This paper proposes the establishment of a new community care setting, a sub-acute center (SAC), which is designed to meet present inadequacies in the mental care system for the aged and combines elements of a foster home and a protective setting with a mental health aftercare component for more effectively preparing the elderly for independent community living. The SAC combines at least three concepts which are discussed: (a) the receiving station; (b) continuity of care; and (c) advocacy. The professional SAC staff and aides have many potential roles to play as practitioners, spokesmen, educators, consultants, and researchers. PMID- 1235871 TI - Functional morphology of the cells that produce human sex-steroid hormones. PMID- 1235870 TI - The functional analysis study: a first step in quality assurance. AB - This article describes a recent study of how social work staff in a large medical center spend their time--the tasks and activities performed regularly. The value of this kind of study, especially as a first step in the development of a comprehensive quality assurance program for a department of social work services, is discussed. PMID- 1235873 TI - The use of role studies for improvement of health administration training: a conceptual framework. PMID- 1235872 TI - Studies on prevention of cervical carcinoma. PMID- 1235874 TI - Community problem solving through an urban extension program. PMID- 1235875 TI - The role of the mental health executive in conflict resolution. PMID- 1235876 TI - An overview of fiscal management in a human service delivery system. PMID- 1235877 TI - Frogs and fantasies: magical thinking in mental health administration. PMID- 1235878 TI - Exorcising HEW. PMID- 1235879 TI - HEW issues 5-year plan in health fields. PMID- 1235880 TI - Physician-hospital conflict: the hospital staff privileges controversy in New York. PMID- 1235881 TI - Special issue on the HEW Mega-Proposal. Preface. PMID- 1235882 TI - Comprehensive HEW simplification and reform: an overview. PMID- 1235884 TI - Maximum liability health insurance. The administration's national health insurance plan: a reassessment. PMID- 1235883 TI - Assistance to families and individuals. PMID- 1235885 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Assistance to families and individuals: student assistance. PMID- 1235886 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Assistance to families and individuals: income and employment policy. PMID- 1235887 TI - Assistance to states and localities: special revenue sharing in health, education, and social services. PMID- 1235888 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Capacity building: introduction. PMID- 1235889 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Capacity building: development and deployment of skilled manpower. PMID- 1235890 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Capacity building: market and services development. PMID- 1235892 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Other HEW activities: planning, advocacy, data systems, and regulation. PMID- 1235891 TI - The Mega-Proposal: comprehensive HEW simplification and reform. Capacity building: research and development. PMID- 1235893 TI - Special issue on the HEW Mega-Proposal: Observations of a participant. PMID- 1235894 TI - Financing health care and education: consumer units and resource allocation. PMID- 1235895 TI - Competition in blood banking. PMID- 1235896 TI - Contrasting social experimentation with retrospective evaluation: a health care perspective. PMID- 1235897 TI - Procedures for valuing lives. PMID- 1235898 TI - Replication of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrids: evidence that the timing of DNA synthesis is determined independently in each human chromosome. AB - The terminal phase of DNA replication was studied by autoradiography in hybrids between human lymphocytes and mouse fibroblasts. The hybrids contained on the average only 11 human chromosomes. It was found that the sequence of terminal DNA replication for the human chromosomes in the hybrids was the same as the sequence of terminal replication for the corresponding chromosomes in the human lymphocytes. Furthermore, it was shown that the maintenance of the normal terminal replication sequence of the human chromosomes in the hybrids was not dependent on the presence of any specific human chromosome. The results suggest that the timing of terminal DNA replication is determined independently in each human chromosome. PMID- 1235899 TI - Stable alterations at the cell membrane of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to the cytotoxicity of phytohemagglutinin. AB - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells selected for resistance to the cytotoxicity of phytohemagglutin (PHA) have been found to exhibit stable alterations at their plasma membranes. The PHA-resistant (PhaR) cells bind markedly less 125I-PHA than do sensitive CHO cells and also exhibit an increased sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of concanavalin A, a lectin of different receptor specificity. Mutagenesis with ethylmethanesulfonate increases the proportion of PhaR cells 20- to 100-fold. PHA-resistant cells maintained for up to 8 months in continuous culture in the absence of the selective agent have retained the PhaR phenotype. These and other characteristics of the experimental system suggest that CHO cells selected for PHA resistance are authentic somatic cell mutants. The Pha marker appears to behave recessively in hybrids formed between PhaR and PhaS cells. PMID- 1235900 TI - Human intraspecific somatic cell hybrids: a genetic and karyotypic analysis of crosses between lymphocytes and D98/AH-2. AB - A number of human intraspecific hybrids were produced by fusing the 8-azaguanine resistant cell line D98/AH-2 with PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from a normal human male, followed by selection in HAT medium. The parent cells differed in zymogram patterns for 4 enzyme systems. Hypoxanthine-guanine phophoribosyltransferase was missing in D98/AH-2 and was determined in the hybrids by the normal gene derived from the lymphocyte donor's X chromosome. The HL-A antigens of the lymphocyte donor as well as the W28 specificity from HeLa were easily recognized by a cytotoxicity assay on the hybrid cells, while D98/AH-2 itself was not killed in the normal way by any HL-4 typing sera. The initial hybrid karyotype in all lines was relatively stable, but slow loss of chromosomes occurred following extended growth in culture. The importance of the culture conditions for the rate of chromosome loss was demonstrated. The behavior of several chromosomes was followed in the hybrids and their derivatives. There was relatively nonspecific loss of small numbers of chromosomes, showing that loss of chromosomes from both the D98/AH-2 and the normal lymphocyte parent can occur. Cell lines resistant to 6-thioguanine were selected from the sensitive hybrids. Most had lost the lymphocyte donor's X chromosome, thereby losing the only active allele for HGPRT present in the initial hybrids. However, one line, DMR41, apparently retained the X chromosome and may have a mutated allele for HGPRT. Two lines that are the products of spontaneous segregation are also described. DM4CS and DM17A. PMID- 1235901 TI - A human-mouse somatic hybrid line selected for human deoxycytidine deaminase. AB - A new selective medium has been developed for cells containing the enzyme deoxycytidine deaminase. This medium contains hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and 5 methyldeoxycytidine (HAM medium). To survive in the presence of the aminopterin, the cells must utilize deoxycytidine deaminase to convert the 5 methyldeoxycytidine to thymidine. The cells must also have thymidine kinase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. A mouse cell line deficient in deoxycytidine deaminase has been isolated from a deoxycytidine kinase-deficient line, using 5-bromodeoxycytidine as the selective agent. A hybrid line between this double mutant and a human diploid fibroblast was isolated in HAM medium. The hybrid line contains the chromosomes expected of a human-mouse hybrid. The deoxycytidine deaminase isozyme patterns on cellogel show that the human-mouse hybrid cell line produces an enzyme with an electrophoretic mobility intermediate between that of the human and that of the mouse. PMID- 1235902 TI - Biochemical genetics of Chinese hamster cell mutants with deviant purine metabolism: biochemical analysis of eight mutants. AB - Purine biosynthesis was studied in 8 mutants of Chinese hamster cells which require purines for growth and in wild-type cells which do not show this nutritional requirement. Of these, 6 mutants, ade-B, ade-D, ade-E, ade-F, GAT-, and AT-, were shown to accumulate metabolic intermediates not accumulated by wild type cells. These intermediates were shown to be compounds unique to the adenylic acid biosynthetic pathway by the following criteria: (a) their radioisotopic labeling properties, (b) their response to agents which specifically inhibit known enzymatic steps in the pathway, (c) their chromatographic properties, and (d) spectrophotometric analysis. Two mutants, ade-A and ade-C, accumulate no detectable compounds not accumulated by the wild type. These 2 mutants are believed to be defective in steps very early in the purine biosynthetic pathway. The sites of the defects in the other mutants are proposed, and the usefulness of these mutants is discussed. PMID- 1235904 TI - Incorporation of isolated chromosomes and induction of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase in Chinese hamster cells. AB - Evidence is presented for the uptake of radioactive-labeled isolated Chinese hamster chromosomes following incubation with Chinese hamster cells. Metaphases were found which contained radioactive labeled chromosomes in a very low frequency, and in some of the labeled chromosomes only one chromatid was labeled. Incubation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferas (HPRT)-deficient Chinese hamster cells with chromosomes isolated from HPRT+ Chinese hamster or human cells resulted in the appearance of HPRT+ cells. Clones derived from these cells were isolated in HAT medium. Cells in mitosis during incubation with the chromosomes yielded thr-e times more HPRT+ clones than did cells in interphase. The intraspecies combination involving recipient cells and chromosomes from Chinese hamster origin yielded significantly higher numbers of HPRT+ clones than did the interspecies system using human chromsomes and Chinese hamster recipient cells (5 X 10(-5) and 6 X 10(-6) respectively). Electrophoresis of HPRT from Chinese hamster cells treated with human chromosomes revealed the pattern of the human enzyme. PMID- 1235903 TI - Cell-mediated immunoselection against cell-surface antigens of somatic cell hybrids. AB - Cytotoxic lymphoid cells derived from in vivo immunization of mice across H2 barriers were utilized in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The target cells were somatic cell hybrids derived from parental cells differing at the H2 locus. The hybrid cells surviving cytotoxicity were grown to confluent populations and the H2 antigens selected against were no longer demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence. Comparative karyology of hybrid cells expressing both parental H2 types before immunoselection with hybrid cells surviving immunoselection revealed a decrease in the number of murine chromosomes number 17, suggesting that those cells surviving cytotoxicity had spontaneously lost these chromosomes prior to the selection event. The possibility of immunoconstruction of somatic cell hybrids on the basis of their cell-surface antigens is discussed. PMID- 1235905 TI - Globin synthesis in fibroblasts fused with erythroblasts. I. Avian fibroblasts. AB - Heterokaryons of chick embryo erythroblasts fused with other avian fibroblasts were studied with regard to globin production. After the incorporation of radioactive amino acids, soluble proteins were separated on SDS-urea polyacrylamide gels. There was a striking increase in radioactivity above background in the globin region from lysates of fusion cultures when compared with fibroblast cultures. This was maximal at 24 hours after fusion, and then declined. Electrophoresis on acid-or alkaline-urea gels further identified the material as globin chains. Tryptic digestion and fingerprinting revealed methionine-labeled peptides characteristic of chick embryo erythroblast globin. An apparent stimulation of globin chain synthesis by heterokaryons compared to erythroblasts was found to be due to a difference in the specific activity of the precursor amino acid pools in the different cell types. PMID- 1235906 TI - Selection by [3H] amino acids of CHO-cell mutants with altered leucyl- and asparagyl-transfer RNA synthetases. AB - Efficient selection procedures, using [3H]amino acids as the selecting agent, were developed for isolating temperature-sensitive (TS) mutations in CHO cells affecting protein synthesis. After chemical mutagenesis, leucyl-tRNA synthetase mutants were obtained when [3H]leucine was used as the selecting agent in two independent experiments. These mutations seem to involve the same genetic locus as the TSH1 mutant described previously (1). A selection with [3H]valine, in which all amino acids except leucine were at low concentration in the selective medium, resulted in a new class of mutants with reduced asparagyl-tRNA synthetase activity. These results were consistent with the finding that all mutants were phenotypically dependent on the concentration of amino acid, specific to the altered synthetase, in the medium. Our observations suggest that although leucyl synthetase mutations are a relatively common class of TS mutations in CHO cells, the spectrum of mutants obtained can be at least partially manipulated through concentrations of amino acids in selective media. The asparagyl-synthetase mutation was shown to be recessive and to complement the leucyl-synthetase mutation in cell-cell hybrids. PMID- 1235907 TI - Interaction of male and female germ cells of two mammalian species in culture. AB - When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, the heads of mouse spermatozoa are smaller than those of the hamster. The vitelline microvilli of hamster eggs are longer than those of the mouse egg. Both these factors may contribute to the enhanced interaction of mouse spermatozoa and hamster eggs. Treating unfertilized mouse eggs with Newcastle disease virus causes the viteline microvilli to elongate, thus improving the interaction between mouse eggs and hamster spermatozoa. PMID- 1235908 TI - Genetics of somatic cell surface antigens. III. Further analysis of the AL marker. AB - The AL antigen present on the surface of various human somatic cells, and on those hybrids of human and Chinese hamster ovary cells which have retained human chromosome number 11, has been resolved into at least two separate antigenic activities, a1 and a2. Specific antisera active against each antigen separately have been prepared. By treatment of the original AL+ hybrid with mutagenic agents and selection in particular antisera, stable clones are preparable whose phenotypic behavior corresponds to the antigenic compositions a1+ a2-, a1- a2+, and a1- a2-. The adsorption behavior of these variants for specific antisera is consistent with their phenotypic assignments. PMID- 1235909 TI - Human RNA transcripts in man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. II. Thermal denaturation studies and Cot analysis. AB - The present report confirms an earlier finding that human RNA transcripts from a man-mouse somatic cell hybrid that has regularly retained only the human X chromosome can be identified by molecular hybridization on nitrocellulose filters. From thermal denaturation studies it is concluded that molecular hybrids between hybrid cell and human nucleic acids have higher Tm's, and thus greater specificity, than those between mouse and human nucleic acids. Additional data, utilizing the kinetics of molecular hybridization in solution (Cot analysis), demonstrate the presence of "few gene copy" DNA sequences in the above-mentioned hybrid cells that are complementary to human (HeLa) HnRNA. Also shown is a fraction of hybrid cell HnRNA that is complementary to "few gene copy" DNA sequences of human DNA. Thus, the experiments reported may represent a specific assay for identifying reiterated and "few gene copy" DNA sequences of the human X chromosome and their complementary RNA. Theoretically this experimental approach may be extended to any chromosome. Some of the short-term and long-term perspectives of these types of studies are discussed. PMID- 1235910 TI - Synteny between the pro+ marker and human glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cells with a specific auxotrophy for proline were fused with human cells from a variety of sources and the resulting hybrids analyzed for human genetic markers. Of 63 hybrid clones examined, 27 possessed both proline and cytoplasmic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase markers; 36 had neither; and no clones were found possessing one and not the other. These results constitute evidence that the proline and glutamate oxalocetate transaminase markers are syntenic. Evidence for absence of synteny between these and a variety of other human genes is presented. Biochemical tracer experiments established that the proline biosynthetic pathway through glutamate has been restored in the Pro+ hybrids. PMID- 1235911 TI - Chinese hamster X mouse hybrid cells segregating mouse chromosomes and isozymes. AB - Hybrid cells are readily formed by fusing clonal Chinese hamster cells to fresh, noncultured, adult mouse spleen cells followed by isolation in selective medium. The vast majority of such hybrids retain Chinese hamster chromosomes and isozymes while segregating mouse chromosomes and isozymes. The growth, plating efficiency, ease of karyology, and rapid segregation of mouse markers allows linkage tests in primary clones. Analysis of 13 isozymes showed 12 to be asyntenic and on epair (PGD-PGM2) to be syntenic This system will allow extensive somatic cell hybrid gene mapping in the mouse and permit a comparison of human and mouse linkage relationships. PMID- 1235912 TI - Gene linkage analysis in the mouse by somatic cell hybridization: assignment of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase to chromosome 8 and alpha-galactosidase to the X chromosome. AB - Somatic cell hybridization techniques were applied to gene linkage analysis in the laboratory mouse. Cells of an established line of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were fused with mouse embryo fibroblasts and with mouse peritoneal macrophages obtained from different inbred strains. From 3 hybridization experiments, 123 primary and secondary clones were isolated in HAT selective medium and 24 were back-selected in 8-azaguanine. Hybrid clones were characterized for the expression of 16 murine isozymes by starch, acrylamide, and Cellogel electrophoresis, and on the basis of segregation data, 3 syntenic associations could be made. Malate oxidoreductase decarboxylating (MOD) and mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI) segregated concordantly, confirming an established linkage relationship; adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) segregated concordantly with glutathione reductase (GR) which is known to be on chromosome 8; alpha-galactosidase was observed to be syntenic with hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), and X-linked enzyme. All other isozymes examined segregated independently of one another. PMID- 1235913 TI - The dose-response relationship for ultraviolet-light-induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells clone K1BH4 to ultraviolet (UV) light at doses up to 86 ergs/mm2 did not significantly reduce cell survival, but UV doses of 86-648 ergs/mm2 produced an exponential cell killing. Observed mutation frequency ro 6-thioguannine resistance induced by UV increases approximately in proportion to increasing doses up to 260 ergs/mm2 in a range of 5-648 ergs/mm2 examined. The pooled data of mutation frequency f(X) as a function of dose X from 0-260 ergs/mm2 is adequately described by f(X)=10(-6) (13.6 + 2.04 X). That the UV-induced mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance affects the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus is supported by the observation that all randomly isolated drug-resistant colonies contained highly reduced or undetectable HGPRT activity. PMID- 1235914 TI - Health and the corporate society. PMID- 1235915 TI - Toward socialist medicine: the women's health movement. PMID- 1235916 TI - Pelvic autonomy: four proposals. PMID- 1235917 TI - Restructuring Ob-Gyn. PMID- 1235918 TI - A women's health school? PMID- 1235919 TI - Why family planning is failing. PMID- 1235920 TI - Toward a consumer-intensive health system. PMID- 1235921 TI - Expanding the scope of health care. PMID- 1235923 TI - Planning for new health human-power. PMID- 1235922 TI - The illusion of change. PMID- 1235924 TI - CETA: some case studies. PMID- 1235926 TI - Personal injury accidents in New Zealand and the United States: some striking similarities. PMID- 1235925 TI - Involuntary euthanasia of defective newborns: a legal analysis. PMID- 1235927 TI - Politics and health care in China: the barefoot doctors. PMID- 1235928 TI - Measurement modifications for assessing organizational climate in hospitals. PMID- 1235929 TI - Upper level technical orientation and first level leadership within a noncontingency and contingency framework. PMID- 1235930 TI - On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B. PMID- 1235931 TI - Abnormal umbilical vessels and systemic circulatory reversal in thoracopagus twins. AB - A human thoracopagus of slightly unequal twins having a common umbilical cord with exomphalos is described with special reference to the cardiovascular system. The larger twin had single umbilical artery. The smaller twin had a large left umbilical artery which was in direct continuity with the aorta, a small right umbilical artery with sole connection to the right external and internal iliac arteries (right common iliac artery was absent), missing umbilical vein, a rudimentary nonfunctional heart with atresia of the truncus arteriosus, and a right-sided aortic arch. Exomphalos of both twins is accounted by the possible defective growth of umbilical mesoderm caused by abnormal umbilical vessels. Reversal of sustemic circulation in the upper part of the body of small twin is discussed. The importance of a careful study of umbilical veins is emphasized. PMID- 1235933 TI - Dermatoglyphic studies in patients with Cooley's anemia and Cooley's trait. AB - The dermatoglyphic analysis of a group of Italiam patients with Cooley's anemia and Cooley's trait shows Cooley's anemia patients to undergo a significant increase of loops on fingers and a corresponding decrease of whorls. The total loops frequency correlates negatively with the ridge distribution per loop and the total ridge count is significantly decreased. The atd angles are larger. Minor changes in the distribution of patterns in the thenar and hypothenar areas are also observed. In the Cooley's trait patients, loops on fingers are more frequent than in controls, but no difference with Cooley's anemia series is observed. The above findings suggest that the gene(s) controlling loops formation in linkage disequilibrium with thalassemia mutant may have been favourably selected on the "thalassemia chromosome" in the malaria environment. PMID- 1235932 TI - [Clastogenic effect of trenimon on in vitro chromosomes of phemotypically healthy subjects with morphologically abnormal caryotype]. AB - The effect of a given concentration of Trenimon (6 xpe was analysed in vitro. The research included 6 subjects with balanced translocations, one of them with a centric fusion. Of the remaining 5 subjects, 2 had a duplication in the paracentric region, 1 showed an inversion, and 2 had a marker chromosome. In the group with morphologically abnormal chromosomes a higher sensibility to the influence of Trenimon was found as compared with a control group with morphologically normal karyotype. The subjects with an atypical karyotype had 36 to 65% aberrations, the control group 28%. A localization of the breaks showed no increased aberration rates in the morphologically abnormal chromosomes. PMID- 1235934 TI - [Genetic counseling in congenital deafness]. AB - The risk of having a child affected by isolated congenital deafness (or deafmutism) is high, if the two parents are affected, if only one parent is affected, but belonging to an affected family, and if the couple has already an affected child. PMID- 1235935 TI - Interactive system for automatic analysis of human R-banded metaphases. AB - A computer system analysing human metaphase images and finding banding patterns of R-banded chromosomes has been set up. This first paper describes the interactive procedure in selection of metaphase images, automatically digitized starting from microphotographic negatives. PMID- 1235936 TI - Trisomy 2q. AB - Two unrelated patients with trisomy 2q32 leads to q37, resulting from maternal balanced translocations t(2; 13) (q32 q33) and t(2; 15) (q32 q26) are reported. Conparison of the clinical findings suggests that trisomy 2q is associated with a rather characteristic constellation of symptoms and malformations. PMID- 1235937 TI - A case of "g 2 deletion syndrome": ring or partial monosomy? (46,XX,22r or 46,XX,22p- ?). AB - A case of "G2 Deletion Syndrome" is reported, based on concordant cytogenetic, clinical and dermatoglyphic findings. The definition if the syndrome, as associated with either a ring or a partially deleted chromosome 22, is discussed. The resulting interpretation favours the hypotheses of deletion of the short arm extending into the centromere. PMID- 1235938 TI - Inheritance of a peculiar type of hypodonitia. AB - A peculiar type of hypodontia is described in two opposite sexed siblings and considered to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 1235939 TI - Distribution of Gm and Inv factors in two samples of the Greek population. AB - Gm and Inv polymorphism has been investigated on a sample of the general Greek population (N = 256) and on a sample of the Achaia population of Northwestern Peloponnusus (N = 150). The estimated frequencies were, respectively in the two groups: Gm1, 0.156 vs. 0.180; Gm1,2,0.010 vs. 0.017; Gm4,12, 0.834 vs. 0.803; Inv (+1), 0.125 vs. 0.140. PMID- 1235940 TI - The Gm and Inv factors in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(4), Gm(12), and Inv (1) factors were studied in the sera of 56 patients suffering from rheumatiod arthritis and 26 from various rheumatic diseases, by the hemagglutination inhibition test, using optimally reacting mixtures of Ragg and Nagg sera. The distribution of these factors was found to agree with that of healthy Greeks. No correlation was found between hypergammaglobulinemia and the discovery of the Gm(1) and Inv (1) factors. The presence of the rheumatoid factor was independent of the Gm and Inv phenotypes. PMID- 1235941 TI - The red cell acid phosphatase polymorphism in Greek b-thalassemia patients. AB - Red cell acid phosphatase polymorphism was studied by starch gel electrophoresis in 70 b-thalassemia patients and in 310 healthy Greeks. Our results gave the following gene frequencies; b-thalassemia patients: pa 0.321, pb 0.643, pc 0.036; healthy Greeks: pa 0.302, p b 0.653, pc 0.045. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. PMID- 1235942 TI - Mid-phalangeal hair, hand clasping and handedness among Khatris and Baniyas of Patiala, India. AB - Mid-phalangeal hair, hand clasping and handedness have been examined in 425 adult subjects from two endogamous groups of Patiala, Hindu Khatris (230) and Baniyas (195). In a majority of subjects (53.73% in males and 46.35% in females) mid phalangeal hair appears to be completely absent. The highest frequency of this trait is found in the combination III-IV and, when considering individual digits, on IV (around 50%). As for hand clasping, R-type appears to be more frequent in Khatris and L-type in Baniyas. Right handedness appears to be by large more frequent in both groups and sexes. PMID- 1235943 TI - Homicidal behaviour among persons under age of nineteen. PMID- 1235944 TI - Effect of the immunizing dose of soluble and immobilized immunglobulins on the production of antibodies. AB - The role of the immunizing dose on antibody production was studied in rabbits. The humoral immune response to soluble and insoluble human IgG was evaluated by the measurement of the amount of specific antibodies. The immobilizations of antigen was made by antigen-antibody precipitation and attachment of the protein to polyacrylamide and agarose matrices. It was found, that the antibody production did not decrease when the antigen dose was reduced from 100 microng to 300 microng; application of the antigen in immobilized form did not enhance the antibody response. PMID- 1235945 TI - Some comments on the estimation of the potency of pertussis vaccines. PMID- 1235946 TI - Behaviour of polyclonal human IgE in the course of fractionation. AB - Normal human pooled plasma was fractionated by a variety of methods. The IgE concentration of the different fractions was determined by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The results of these studies indicate, that polyclonal IgE behaves similarly to IgE of myeloma origin. A biospecific method was worked out to purify IgE from fraction III of the cold ethanol fractionation procedure. PMID- 1235947 TI - Improved method for isolation of human IgM as a by-product. AB - The authors describe a simple method for isolating heterogeneous IgM from fraction I obtained as a by-product of the large scale fractionation of human plasma. The optimum circumstances of fractionation were determined and it was found that the majority of IgM is precipitated between 2 and 5% polyethylene glycol concentration and 1.1 and 1.8 M ammonium sulphate concentration. After a simple fractionation and gel filtration, a preparation of high purity can be obtained. PMID- 1235948 TI - Our experience with mixed bacterial vaccine treatment in allergic skin disease. PMID- 1235949 TI - Distribution of HB antigen carriers in the population of Budapest according to age, sex, subtypes and occupation. AB - The authors investigated serum samples of 5000 inhabitants (age 0 to 85 years) in a crowded industrial area, by means of the counterimmunoelectrophoretic method. They evaluate their results in relation of age, sex and occupation and presented literary data about the subtypes of the carriers in Budapest. They compared them with data of Hungarian and several other authors respectively. Some possible reasons of the differences are discussed and the importance of the non-parental transmission is emphasized. PMID- 1235950 TI - A quick method for the estimation of the potency of tuberculin purified protein derivative in guinea pig. AB - By the statiscal analysis of the data the linear regression equation and standard deviation of the dose response function of the Hungarian Reference Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin (HR--PPD) have been determined. From the values of reaction diameters of the HR-PPD and of their standard deviation a diagram was plotted that can be used to estimate the identity of test material by comparison with the reference preparation. The diagram meets the condition that the limits of the standard deviation of the reference and test materials together are wider than the predetermined limits of +/-20%. The inaccurate titrations can be detected with its help at once. Using the diagram, the potency of test material can be promptly estimated in the biological assay of tuberculin made in guinea pig. PMID- 1235951 TI - Antigen analysis of Staphylococcus aureus strains sensitive and resistant to antibiotics. AB - The analysis of the antigens produced by the disintegration of Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46, 211, 223 strains) bacteria treated with antibiotics was carried out by the authors with immunochemical methods. It appears from the analyses strikingly that established resistance produces changes in the antigenic structure. This is manifest in the number of the antigen-antibody systems and, within the multiple system, in the character of certain antigens. The decrease in the number of the precipitogens is considerable. In the case of all the three strains, the presence of an antigen band was shown which is identical in the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but is not to be found in the antigens of the corresponding antibiotic-sensitive bacteria. The authors' experience shows that one possibility of approaching the problem of antibiotic resistance is to clarify with immunochemical methods the differences found in the protein spectra of the antibiotic-resistant varieties. PMID- 1235952 TI - The circumstances of freezing in the freeze-drying process of haemoderivatives. AB - It appears from the experiments of the authors that the macroscopic changes taken place during freezing and heating could be explained by the formation of an eutectic crystalline structure in the case of human plasma and albumin solutions. The temperature interval of eutectic spot formation showed good agreement with the temperature range of initial thawing as determined by the DTA method, i.e. with the working zone freeze-drying. It was possible to determine the maximum temperature of complete solidification from the resistance curves of the haemoderivatives. Judging from the shape of the resistance curves, the phenomenon of undercooling did not emerge with the freezing rate applied. Examining the optimal freezing rate, it appeared on the basis of some quality characteristics of the freeze-dried end-product, that the best results were obtained with --30 degrees C freezing in the case of albumin and plasma, and with --45 degrees C freezing in the case of normal and iv immunoglobulins. But the authors deem it necessary to conduct further experiments in this respect. PMID- 1235953 TI - Comparative testing of methods of protein concentration determination. AB - The authors have carried out various tests for determining protein concentrations. They have compared the methods, and have found, as well as proved, that the spectrophotometric method I of protein determination can be employed with sufficient accuracy for the purpose of serial tests. PMID- 1235954 TI - Examination of sterilization parameters with a view to improving the quality of infusion solutions. AB - A determining time factor in the course of sterilization in autoclaves is the time required for killing microorganisms. Damaging of microorganisms takes its course as an exponential function of time. Taking into account this fact, the parameters of sterilization are determined by the technical standards of the equipment used for autoclaving. The authors present the sterilization problems of infusion solutions, with special regard to the sterilization conditions of heat labile preparations. The results of experiments carried out with autoclaves of different technical standards are discussed. PMID- 1235955 TI - Stanoaroization of housedust allergens by means of skin testing. PMID- 1235956 TI - Studies on the consequences of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in phytohaemagglutinin-treated mice. PMID- 1235957 TI - Significance of lymphoid atrophy in the pathogenesis of wasting syndrome. AB - Mice with their lymphoid system made atrophic by neonatal thymectomy, showed increased sensitivity to DAD a lymphotropic cytostatic agent. Wasting syndrome developed earlier and in a higher per cent of neonatally thymectomized mice, when the animals were treated also with the subethal dose of DAD. PMID- 1235958 TI - Effect of lymphotropic cytostatic agent in newborn and suckling mice. AB - The sensitivity of newborn and suckling mice to a lymphotropic cytostatic agent (DAD) was found to be increased as compared to adult mice. Results indicated that a single dose of DAD being ineffective in adult mice, caused irreversible impairment in the lymphoid system of newborn and suckling mice with underdeveloped lymphoid system. This led to the development of lethal wasting resembling the wasting syndrome. On the basis of its consequences the DAD treatment, applied in newborn age, may be considered as "cytostatic thymectomy". PMID- 1235959 TI - The effect of enhancing factor on the immunity of mice against tetanus. AB - Enhancing factor was prepared from spleens of mice primed and reinjected with tetanus toxoid. The culture supernatant was separated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-150, the resulted fractions were ultrafiltered and their enhancing activity was tested in vivo. The 1st fraction separated by gel chromatography proved to be active. PMID- 1235960 TI - Comparison of antigen-type immunosorbents prepared by different ways. AB - 7 types of IgG-containing immunosorbents were compared from different respects by using them for adsorption of antibodies. The human IgG was insolubilized by ethylchlorophormate and glutaraldehyde, thereafter it was bound to activated agarose and polyacrylamide gels and 3 new types of polyacrylamide immunosorbent were prepared by polymerizing the acrylamide in the protein solution and by coupling the protein to the matrix by different ways. Using batch technique, the ethylchlorophormate, the glutaraldehyde and some of the new polyacrylamide immunosorbents proved to be useful, but in almost every respect the immunosorbent prepared from Sepharose gel was the best. PMID- 1235961 TI - Investigation of saliva immunoglobulins in monoclonal gammopathies. AB - Salivary immonoglobulins of patients with multiple myeloma, lymphoid leukaemia, agammaglobulinaemia and of normal healthy adults were examined. Higher IgG level was identified in 4 cases IgG monoclonal gammopathy. In these cases extremely large quantities of IgG monoclonal protein were transmitted from serum into salivary secretions. On the basis of the results it appears that monoclonal IgA is transferred to external secretions in patients with IgA monoclonal gammopathy. High IgM level was found in both serum and saliva of agammaglobulinaemic patients. "IgM secretory component" complex could be identified in saliva. In lymphoid leukaemic patients the salivary immunoglobulins presented normal values except of a patient whose tigA lacked in serum and also in saliva. PMID- 1235962 TI - [Refractory anemia and chromosome 5 q -: a new syndrome]. PMID- 1235963 TI - [Metabolic adjustments of human placental lactogen (HPL) secretion at the end of pregnancy]. PMID- 1235965 TI - Electron microscopic study of neck, mid-piece and tail of buffalo spermatozoa. PMID- 1235964 TI - Conception rate of zebu and cross-bred cattle with imported frozen semen. PMID- 1235966 TI - A note on deoxyribonucleic acid content of bull semen. PMID- 1235967 TI - A note on repeatability of semen characteristics in rams. PMID- 1235968 TI - A note on air insufflation method as tubal patency test in ovines. PMID- 1235969 TI - Observations on the germ cell ultrastructure of male diploid and tetraploid Odontophrynus americanus (Amphibia: anura). PMID- 1235970 TI - Comparative study on the ultrastructure of the elements of the avian and mammalian erythrocytic series. Correlation with hemoglobin biosynthesis. PMID- 1235971 TI - [Report and observations on the presence of Warthin-Finkeldey cells in patients with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1235972 TI - Changes in chromosome structures observed in patient with concomitant Hodgkin's disease and measles. PMID- 1235973 TI - [Pseudotuberculosis in mice. Isolation of Corynebacterium kutscheri from the oral cavity and the skin of sick and aparently healthy animals]. PMID- 1235974 TI - [Complexities of nomenclature in biology. Gender of generic names ending in ops z, n, (s) 1572]. PMID- 1235975 TI - Leader reward behavior and subordinate satisfaction and performance. PMID- 1235976 TI - "Pain", the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain. PMID- 1235977 TI - Variations in pain complaint threshold in psychiatric and neurological patients with pain. AB - The threshold at which noxious stimulation with a pressure algometer gives rise to a complaint of pain has been studied in neurological and psychiatric patients with pain and in two patients with fluctuating pain of organic origin. A correlation of r = 0.69 (P less than 0.0025) was demonstrated between two observers using the pressure algometer independently. Patients with organic causes for their pain had higher pain complaint thresholds. The threshold was also raised, outside the affected areas, in the two patients with fluctuating pain when the latter was more severe. Some requirements for an improved technique of pressure algometry are discussed. PMID- 1235978 TI - A taxonomy of pain. PMID- 1235979 TI - Segmental and supraspinal actions on dorsal horn neurons responding to noxious and non-noxious skin stimuli. PMID- 1235980 TI - Cutaneous pain threshold changes after sympathetic block in reflex dystrophies. AB - In a group of 30 subjects suffering from sympathetic reflex dystrophies of the limbs, the sympathetic ganglia of the affected side were blocked with a local anesthetic. Using an original method, we measured the cutaneous pain threshold before the block and at prefixed intervals after the block during a period of 2 days. In all subjects the cutaneous pain threshold showed damped oscillations both in the limb ipsilateral to the block and in the contralateral one. The analysis of these oscillations showed: (a) that the sympathetic control of the cutaneous pain threshold may be exerted through a negative feedback loop (skin afferent input-CNS-sympathetic output-skin); (b) that the afferent discharge of a limb controls the contralateral sympathetic output through central mechanisms. PMID- 1235981 TI - Personality changes associated with reduction of pain. AB - Of 113 patients treated in a 2-year period, for whom complete data were available, 29 who received surgery for pain relief were compared with 84 who did not, both groups receiving psychological treatment and rehabilitation. Using an analysis of covariance to eliminate pre-treatment differences, the surgery patients showed significantly greater reductions on the MMPI Hysteria and Hypomania scales, and on the invalidism scale of a Health Index, and this was associated with a significantly greater reduction of pain. These differences obtained despite a greater increase in activity levels by the non-surgery patients at the time of testing. The results support the hypothesis that the neuroticism associated with chronic pain is the result of it, and may be reversible when the pain is reduced or abolished. PMID- 1235982 TI - The alleviation of pain by hypnosis. PMID- 1235983 TI - Laser emitted radiant heat for pain research. AB - Controlled radiant heat stimulation for a combined psychophysical and electrophysiological research in pain was achieved by the use of an infrared Laser beam. The computer controlled stimuli, being of very brief duration (down to 5 msec) and sharply localized, are suitable for recording of averaged evoked responses as well as for determination of pain and thermal thresholds. These stimuli can be applied to any locus on the skin. The threshold energy delivered by this technique is similar to that obtained by the Hardy-Wolff-Goodell method. Special precautions were taken to avoid injury to the skin and the eyes. PMID- 1235984 TI - Jamming spinal sensory input: effects of anesthetic and analgesic drugs in the spinal cord dorsal horn. PMID- 1235985 TI - The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. AB - The McGill Pain Questionnaire consists primarily of 3 major classes of word descriptors--sensory, affective and evaluative--that are used by patients to specify subjective pain experience. It also contains an intensity scale and other items to determine the properties of pain experience. The questionnaire was designed to provide quantitative measures of clinical pain that can be treated statistically. This paper describes the procedures for administration of the questionnaire and the various measures that can be derived from it. The 3 major measures are: (1) the pain rating index, based on two types of numerical values that can be assigned to each word descriptor, (2) the number of words chosen; and (3) the present pain intensity based on a 1-5 intensity scale. Correlation coefficients among these measures, based on data obtained with 297 patients suffering several kinds of pain, are presented. In addition, an experimental study which utilized the questionnaire is analyzed in order to describe the nature of the information that is obtained. The data, taken together, indicate that the McGill Pain Questionnaire provides quantitative information that can be treated statistically, and is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among different methods to relieve pain. PMID- 1235986 TI - [17-ketosteroids in the 24-hour urine of miners with vibration disease from local vibration exposure]. AB - The 17-ketosteroid level in the urine secreted in 24 hours s studied in miners with vibration disease. The case material is analyzed according to age, working service, clinical syndromes and stage. It is demonstrated that the continuous effect of local vibrations lead to inhibition of the adrenal function, manifested by a 17-ketosteroids fall. Such a lowering is assumed as one of the adaptational syndrome-manifestations. Regulation of corticosteroid secretion is discussed in the light of complex interrelations--neuroendocrine, biochemical and homeostatic. The role played by oxidation processes is also emphasized. 17-ketosteroids content in the urine has certain diagnostical value, irrespective of the fact that its lowering is by no means a specific manifestation of the vibration disease. PMID- 1235987 TI - [Determination of the optimum of physical loading in relation to the maximum potentialities of the body]. AB - Determination of the maximum capacity of work is essential for prophylaxis, and is closely related to the problems of scientific organization of work still awaiting solution. The maximum oxygen consumption among female textile workers ranges between 2.2 1/min and 1.6 1/min, while the reak heart rate--from 167 to 153 beats per minute. Allowable physical exertion among female textile workers should not exceed 3.5 kcal/min. PMID- 1235988 TI - [Biological action of cement dust in intraperitoneal and intratracheal tests]. AB - The morphological changes occuring upon intraperitoneal and intratracheal application of cement with free silica content amounting to 1.30% are described. Initially, the changes in the peritoneal cavity are mainly necrotic and exudative, while after subsiding, the granulomas formed around the uneliminated dust particles predominate without exhibiting fibrotic phenomena. Upon intratracheal application, lesions typical of cement occur, coined by the authors with the term "experimental cement pneumopathy". It is a matter of changes presenting as "pseudopolyp" formations around the small bronchi and bronchioli, slipping into their lumen and thus causing its obturation. In the final stages of the experiment, a definitive peribronchial fibrosis with perifocal and subpleural emphysema is developed around the involved bronchi. PMID- 1235989 TI - [Quantitative determination of 3,4-benzopyrene by paper chromatography]. PMID- 1235990 TI - [Simultaneous determination of trace amounts of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper by the method of anodic voltammetry using factor experimental design]. AB - Using the method of factor planning of the experiment, the author studies and demonstrates the influence exerted by the potential and time of electrolysis, and by the concentration of the background and elements on the heights of anodal peaks upon simultaneous determination of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper microconcentrations. On the ground of statistical elaboration of the results, the optimal condition for polarographic determination through anodal voltamperometry are outlined. According to the cyclic voltametry method, the electrod processes reversibility for zinc, cadmium and lead, as well as the incomplete reversibility for copper are established; the number of electrons participating in the electrochemical reaction are found using the method of gas coulometry. The possibility of simultaneous determination of the four elements' ultramicroconcentrations after the method of voltamperometry with enrichment is proved. The standard deviation is in the range 3.02 to 4.9. PMID- 1235992 TI - [Reflection of gastric peristalsis influence on tis transmucous potential]. AB - Some of the causes owing to which measurement of the gastric transmucous potential in animals and humans has failed to find practical application hitherto are listed. A method developed for operative agar bridges implantation within the abdomen of experimental animals is described. Several types of waves are observed in the electrograms of the gastric transmucous potential of rabbit and rats, obtained in the fashion outlined above. It is established that by changes in amplitude and by frequency, the type of waves just mentioned correspond to the peristalsis of the stomach. It is presumed that these waves are produced by changes in the gastric wall physical parameters upon contractions of the same. PMID- 1235991 TI - [Electron microscopic methods of studying pollution in the work environment from submicroscopic aerosols]. AB - The existing method of electron microscope study of working environment pollutions caused by submicroscopic aerosols are summed up and subjected to critical analysis. More particularly, reference is made to the methods of detecting dust particles in the disperse medium for electron microscope study, to determination of the scope of application of these methods, as well as the determination of the effectiveness of detecting filters for submicroscopic aerosols, using electron microscope techniques. PMID- 1235993 TI - [Effect of short-term fasting on liver lysosomes in rats, biochemical studies (preliminary report)]. AB - The total activity of four lysosome enzymes--acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase--is studied in liver homogenate at 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours after the last meal in rats, previously sustained on a single-daily-feeding regimen. In addition, the free activity (percentage of the total) of the latter enzyme and its activity in the serum as well are investigated. A rise of the total activity of the first three enzymes is recorded within 48 hours after the beginning of starvation. The free activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase shows an increase at 48 hours, while its activity in the serum--as early as 24 hours. The changes described above are interpreted as an expression of lysosome membrane permeability enhancement under fasting conditions. PMID- 1235994 TI - [Changes in lysosome enzymatic activity during fasting following a regimen of once-a-day or all-day feeding]. AB - The influence of fasting for 24-96 hours is studied in rats, subjected in advance to a regimen of all day long access to food, to a single feeding in 24 hours. Total activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-N-AcG1), acid phosphatase (AP) and beta-glucuronidase, as well as the free activity of the first two enzymes are studied in liver homogenate. The activity of beta-N-AcG1 is determined in blood serum also. A rise of total beta-N-AcG1 activity is recorded in liver homogenate, increasing parallel to prolongation of the fasting period. The changes in free activity of AP and beta-N-AcG1, and in the plasma activity of the latter enzyme are similar. The above described changes are more strongly pronounced in the groups subjected in advance to a single feeding regimen. These changes are interpreted as an expression of the active participation of lysosomes and their enzymes in the transition to endogenic nutrition. The lysosome membrane proves to be more vulnerable to damage by starvation among the animals previously maintained on a single feeding regimen. PMID- 1235996 TI - [Changes in the liver transport of bile pigments in certain forms of jaundice under the influence of novobiocin and luminal]. AB - The novobiocin and luminal test application increases the possibilities to differentiate premicrosome from postmicrosome jaundice and extends the knowledge on hyperbilirubinemia pathobiochemistry. Novobiocin (an antibiotic) inhibits the conjugation and glucuronidizing of bile pigments. Accordingly, the novobiocin test is strongly positive in any premicrosome jaundice form--Gilberts's disease, posthepatitis hyperbilirubinemia (PHHB) and hemolytic jaundice. It is negative in hepatocellular and hepatocanalicular jaundice, and in Dubin-Johnson's syndrome. In premicrosome jaundice with fluctuating bilirubinemia and normal bilirubin level at the time of examination, the novobiocin test may bring about manifestation of a latent or temporary compensated defect which proves to be most helpful in diagnosing. It is assumed that hemolytic jaundice is caused, apart from bile pigments hyperproduction, also by concomitant disorders in the intrahepatal transport of bile pigments. The latter hypothesis is corroborated by the data of the study. The luminal test is likewise markedly positive in premicrosome jaundice, and negative--in chronic hepatocellular and hepatocanalicular jaundice. In some instances with slight defect in the intrahepatal transport of pigments, the luminal test accounts for normalization of bilirubinemia and of the direct to total bilirubin ratio. The test is moderately positive in the syndrome of Dubin-Johnson. The latter fact supports the hypothesis that luminal, alongside the effect on transport mechanisms, exerts influence on bile pigments excretion also. PMID- 1235995 TI - [Study of serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in white rats treated with 1,2-dichloroethane]. AB - In the course of a three-month long, chronic experiment using white male rats, the organic solvent 1,2-dichlorethane was administered per os at the following doses: 1/5000, 1/1000 and 1/200 LD50. The activity of the lysosome enzyme beta-N acetylglucosaminidase is studied. A statistically significant increase (p less than 0.02) is established in the two higher doses. PMID- 1235997 TI - [Study of liver glucuronidase function in indirect hyperbilirubinemia and liver cirrhosis]. AB - A discussion is made of the basic peculiarties and differences in the clinico laboratory profile in various forms of pre- and postmicrosome jaundice. The importance of direct to total bilirubin ratio, and of quantitative bilirubin and urobilinogen bodies' determination in the urine is stressed. Bile pigments conjugation by the hepatic cells and free bilirubin conversion to glucuronose may be also assayed by resorting to some additional tests. The test with N-acetyl paraaminophenol (NAPA) provides for an indirect assessment of the liver's glucuronidase function and has a good informative value. It is optimally characterized by the percentage of free (non-conjugated) NAPA with respect to the total. The latter indicator is normal in chronic hepatitis and in Dubin-Johnson's syndrome, and is at the uppermost normal limit in hepatic cirrhosis and cholestatic jaundice. It is strongly increased (in the average three times with respect to normal values) in Gilbert's disease and posthepatitis hyperbilirubinemia (PHHB). It affords some information on the severity of the defect in transport of bile pigments in the mentioned affections. In hemolytic jaundice a normal percentage of free NAPA is usually found. Glucuronose conversion of bilirubin hardly plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hyperbilirubinemia i the listed above diseases. This is also confirmed by the NAPA test, performed subsequent to novobiocin loading. The percentare of free NAPA under the conditions just outlined is furthermore increased in Gilbert's disease and PHHB, while in hemolytic jaundice it remains within normal limits. In Gibert's disease and PHHB, a strongly pronounced delay in the excretion of substances is noted. Not infrequently, a similar disorder is also observed in hepatic cirrhosis. It is interpreted as an expression of an overall disturbance in hepatic blood flow and function of the heavily affected hepatic parenchyma. PMID- 1235998 TI - [Trace element and heavy metal content in the basic types of Bulgarian flour]. AB - The content of total ashes, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, lead and cadmium is investigated in the three basic Bulgarian flour brands--type 500, type 700 and type 1150. It is found out that the content of all the microelements under study shows an increase from white (type 500) to darker flour (type 1150). Zinc and manganese content is the highest in all three types of flour investigated, while cadmium content is the lowest. No essential difference is established in the individual microelements' content of the flour from various regions of the country, except for the higher content of molybdenum, found in the flour obtained from the Plovdiv mills. PMID- 1235999 TI - [Morphological changes in the internal organs and endocrine glands of rats subjected to deficient nutrition and fasting]. AB - Pathological studies on the internal organs, endocrine glands inclusive, are carried out in white rats under conditions of deficient alimentation and fasting. The results of the study show that complete starvation with preceding full value or restricted (2 hours daily) feeding brings about a variety of morphological reactions in the internal organs and endocrine glands. The liver proves to be the most sensitive to reduced food supply it shows a marked response with fatty dystrophy and subsequent atrophy. Next ranks the kidney. Myocardium, spleen, thyroid gland, adrenals and testes fall in the third group--with a weaker and rather delayed response. Small intestine, lung and hypophysis do not show changes worth noting. The investigations performed are related to the effect exerted by starvation and deficient nutrition, assumed as a stress factor for the organism. PMID- 1236000 TI - [Changes in protein metabolism in white rats with limited feeding and a varying physical load]. AB - Changes in some protein metabolism indicators are studied in white rats at different levels of the energy balance. It is established that the level of the so-called labile protein in the organism is closely related to the level of energy metabolism and also, that it is not invariably directly dependent on protein concentration within the organism. The inference is reached that adaptivity of protein metabolism is manifested not merely through changes in the value of proteins, which might be employed in the capacity of reserve, but also through changes in the degree of their lability, resp. in the ability of the organism to mobilize them. The amount of protein reserves depends rather more on the increased protein intake with the while food, while the degree of reserve protein lability is related to a higher degree to the muscular activity of the organism. Restricted motor activity combined with a high protein intake, against the background of an even minimum hypercaloric feeding, leads to a considerable reduction of protein reserves. Deficient feeding combined with restricted motor activity leads to reduction both of the amount and lability of reserve proteins. Physical exertions have a favourable effect on the ability of organism both to increase its protein reserves and to mobilize them, with the latter being rather pronounced under conditions of limited feeding. It is stressed that excretion of nitrogen, urea and creatinine in the urine in conditions of protein poor diet is in a position to afford essential information on the adaptability of protein metabolism within the organism. PMID- 1236001 TI - [Experimental studies of the effect of the restoration of a balanced diet on the endocrine glands injured by food deficits]. AB - The problem of the extent to which changes in endocrine glands in case of protein or fatty deficiency are reversible has a great theoretical and practical bearing. Its elucidation appears to be particularly relevant in the management of the various forms of deficient feeding where restored whole-food diets exert a pronounced therapeutical effect. However, literature data on the issue are very scanty and rather dissenting. The structural changes in adenohypophysis, thyroidea, adrenals and sex glands were studied in 72 albino rats of the Wistar line which, following treatment with a diet poor in proteins and fats, were subjected to a recovery regimen by feeding them whole-food diets. For the purpose, histomorphological and histochemical tests were used. It was established that while in the animals deprived of fats, realimentation estrored the mophological profile of all the glands under study, among the rats fed protein poor diets, irreversible tissue changes were found in the adrenals and gonads. The results obtained are related to the direct action of the nutrient deficit, or to its deleterious effect on the tropic secretion of the hypophysis. PMID- 1236002 TI - [Changes in the serum activity of lysosome enzymes in rats after application of the insecticide propoxur (Baygon)]. AB - The effect of repeated peroral introduction (4 times) of 1/4 and 1/20 LD50 of monomethylcarbamate insecticide Propoxur (Baygon) on the activity of two lysosomal enzymes (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase) is studied in the serum of white male rats with starting weight 300 g. Upon using the higher dose, a statistically significant rise (p less than 0.02) of the activity of either of the enzymes is established. The results obtained are interpreted as a sign of impaired permeability of the lysosomal and cell membrane. PMID- 1236003 TI - [Study of glucose resorption during rhythmic protein feeding in a chronic experiment on white rats]. AB - In three experimental groups of white rats receiving cacein in the morning, at noon and at night, over a period of one month, glucose resorption was studied in the hours of casein alimentation. The method of accumulating preparation from the mucosa "in vitro" was employed, and parallel to glucose resorption, maltase activity was also investigated. The results obtained are discussed in the light of modern concepts on membranous digestion and active transport, and more particularly, on interactions of the monomers at membrane level. Interpretation is made of the marked resorption of glucose, observed in the experimental group receiving casein at noon, and the possibility of practical application of the results recovered in rational dietetic nutrition is discussed. PMID- 1236004 TI - [Changes in the gonads and reproductive capacity of white rats after oral maneb poisoning]. AB - Changes in the gonads and reproduction capacity of white rats following oral intoxication with maneb are studied. The preparation at doses 1/10, 1/50, 1/100 and 1/5000 LD50 is administered to the starting generation of white rats twice weekly. Changes in the gonads--biochemical, histological, histoenzymatic and electron microscopic--are established, as well as a capacity for reproduction of the starting I and II offspring. The results show a clearcut gonadotropic effect of the preparation, manifested by morphological changes in the starting generation, and by changes in fertility, gestation, survival and lactation of the starting I and II offspring. PMID- 1236005 TI - [Cumulative action of Gramoxone and Reglone]. AB - Two dipyridilium herbicides--Gramoxon and Reglon, at doses 1/3, 1/10 and 1/20 LD50--are administered to rats per os, daily over a period of one month. The values of the cumulation coefficients (CC) are calculated on the ground of lethality data. The clinical picture of intoxication caused by the above preparations is also studied. Daily, one-month long introduction of LD50 fractions demonstrates the presence of a cumulative action, much more strongly pronounced for Gramoxon as compared to Reglon. Parallel to reduction of the doses given, the cumulation effect di minisches and at 1/20 LD50, it is but weakly pronounced. The latter fact warrants the assumption that although being comparatively toxic, the dipyridium herbicides do not represent a serious hazard in terms of sustaining chronic oral intoxications. This is furthermore corroborated by the clinical picture of intoxication by either of the preparations at the different dose levels employed. The dipyridium herbicides Gramoxon and Reglon do not form storage depots. In this particular case, it is a matter of functional cumulation subsequent to decompensation of the regulatory mechanisms ascribed to the toxic effect of the preparations, exerted mainly on the respiratory system. PMID- 1236006 TI - [Comparative study of the changes in the EEG and cholinesterase activity in experimental Dipterex poisoning]. AB - A systematic study is conducted on cats, poisoned with the organophosphorus insecticide Dipterex. The changes in spontaneous and induced cortical activity along with those in serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase after intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection of Dipterex are investigated. Against the background of lowered cholinesterase activity, recorded in all the experiments , the changes in EEG appear to be discrete and inconstant. Uron single treatment with Dipterex, desynchronization prevails in the spontaneous EEG, whereas in the responses induced by light stimulants an increase of delayed negative potentiale prevails. Upon repeated Dipterex introduction, theta-like waves appear, associated with activation of paroxysmal manifestations existing in advance. Finally, the correlation between changes in cholinesterase activity and EEG is discussed. PMID- 1236007 TI - [Metabolism and the dynamics of the urinary excretion of Sayfos in rabbits]. AB - The splitting of Sayphos into metabolites inhibiting indoxyl acetate esterase activity is investigated. Also the dynamics of Sayphos excretion in the urine is studied. It is established that in the urine of unpoisoned rabbits, normally a compound with Rf 0.79 is contained, inhibiting indoxyl acetate esterase activity. Sayphos and metabolite I with Rf 0.08 are demonstrable both in the blood and urine at 2 hours after peroral introduction of the poison. Within 24 hours no traces of the pesticide and metabolite I are discovered in the blood, and in the urine--within 96 hours since the beginning of the experiment. Most of the indoxyl acetate esterase activity inhibitors (Sayphos and metabolite I), excreted via urine (mean 95%), are emitted up to the 24th hour inclusive. PMID- 1236008 TI - [Determination of the minimal times for safe work following the Sayfos spraying of tobacco]. AB - The semidisintegration period of Sayphos over tobacco leaves is determined--2.5 days at angular coefficient of the disintegration straight line K=0.12 1 ppm/ 1 mg/kg concentration of Sayphos over tobacco leaves is considered as harmless and accordingly safe for work. A table for minimal terms of safe work computation is also suggested. Because of the slow Sayphos decomposition in soil, the preparation should be employed but once--after the planting of tobacco. PMID- 1236009 TI - [Appraisal of the feasibility of the accepted Bulgarian MPEL for lead in the air of the working environment using modern criteria]. AB - The MAC for lead in the workplace atmosphere adopted in Bulgaria, amounting to 0.01 mg/m3, appears to be much lower than abroad. Upon investigation of groups of workers employed in the lead mining and processing industry, working under conditions of lead exposure up to 0.10 mg/m3 and exceeding 0.11 mg/m3, no changes were found in the delta-amino-levulinic acid and coproporphyrin level in the urine--the early signs of lead damage--nor in plumburia mong the workers exposed to lead concentrations up to 0.10 mg/m3 which is a concentration exceeding ten times the MAC accepted in this country. A reassessment of the later on the basis of up-to-date biochemical criteria is deemed necessary. PMID- 1236010 TI - [Action of the herbicide Ramrod on the embryogenesis of white rats]. AB - The embryotoxic and teratogenic activity of the acetanilide Ramrod is subjected to experimental testing. Studies are conducted on 103 white unbred female rats, to which the preparation was administered throughout the full gestation period, at doses 1/5, 1/10, 1/30 and 1/40 LD50. Following in reduction of the preparation, an increase in the total embryonal lethality was noted, conditioned entirely by the considerable rise, as compared to controls, of the pre implantation deaths of embryos. The embryotoxic action of the preparation was furthermore manifested with a decrease in body weight and in the craniocaudal fetal sizes. Upon giving 1/5 and 1/10 LD50 Ramrod, a slight teratogenic effect was recorded. Ramrod at dose 1/40 LD50 exerted no effect whatsoever on embryogenesis. PMID- 1236011 TI - [Problems of work hygiene in the manufacture of penicillin and streptomycin]. AB - During the production of penicillin and streptomycin, substantially high concentrations of butyl alcohol and butylacetate are measured in the working environment atmosphere. The penicillin and streptomycin dust appears to be the chief unfavourable factor of the workplace in the drying, sorting and packing processes of the antibiotics. An unfavourable microclimate is observed only in the fermentation sections-- in the extraction and chemical purification, and particularly, in the drying process of the two antibiotics. The specific features of the working activities performed by vial examiners and sorters constitute factors predisposing to visual analysor strain. The latter might be also explained by changes taking place in the working ability and steadiness of attention in the course of the working shift. PMID- 1236012 TI - [Early criteria for the diagnosis of chronic carbon monoxide exposure]. AB - A clinico-laboratory study is carried out on 100 workers from the coke-chemical plant "Mining Complex Kremikovtzy", exposed to chronic effect of carbon oxide, at concentrations close to MAC. A wide range of laboratory indicators are employed for the purpose: hematologic, biochemical and enzymatic. Increased alkaline phosphatase and aldolase activity, increased fibrinogen values and leucineaminopeptidase inhibition are pointed out as being most demonstrative of the early carbon oxide effects on the organism. PMID- 1236013 TI - [Study of the changes in serum enzyme activity in acute phenol poisoning]. AB - The activity of some serum enzymes is followed up under conditions of acute phenol intoxication. Analysis is made in dynamics within 2, 12 and 24 hours after toxic substance administration. An increase in the activity of the parenchyma non specific enzymes SChE, LDH and LAP is noted. No changes are established in the activity of Al.Ph. The hyperfermentemia present is most likely attributable to disturbed cellular membrane permeability and cell destruction. PMID- 1236014 TI - [Study of serum ceruloplasmin activity in workers in contact with arsenic and lead]. PMID- 1236015 TI - [Neurovascular reactivity in vibration disease]. AB - It is pointed out that neurovascular derangements are among the earliest and primary changes in individuals exposed to the effect of vibrations. The manifestations of vasoconstriction with a tendency for generalization prevail. Angiospasm associated with hypopallesthesia, hypalgesia and hypothermy in miners with continuous service in hard rocks processing, using high-frequency drilling hammers, constitute in many aspects the complex of symptoms, typical of the vibration disease. It is emphasized that neurovascular reactivity might be assumed as having certain diagnostic-prognostic significance provided it is estimated against the background of the other clinical data and indicators. PMID- 1236016 TI - Superposition of chromatic error and beam broadening in transmission electron microscopy of thick carbon and organic specimens. AB - The chromatic error is calculated using our scattering cross sections obtained from contrast experiments and a distribution function of energy losses from Misell and Burge. The assumed ratio of total inelastic and elastic cross sections was 3.5. Monte-Carlo calculations were performed for the multiple scattering problem of thick carbon specimens using these values for single scattering. As expected, a minimum confusion of the chromatic error disc exists at underfocusing. The half width broadening of an edge is in good agreement with experiments at 100 keV if the experimental method of determining the half width is also taken into consideration theoretically. The lateral displacements of electron paths normal to the direction of the electron incidence, which give rise to poorer resolution at the bottom of a thick specimen in scanning transmission electron microscopy, cannot simply be added to the chromatic error in the normal mode of transmission electron microscopy. Calculations show that there is no difference in edge resolution at 100 keV to be expected, in agreement with experiment. With increasing energy, the influence of beam broadening increases relative to the chromatic error. Considering only the chromatic error (1-2 nm), at 1 MeV and optimum defocus details on the top of a 2 micron specimen will be imaged with nearly twice the value of edge half width as they will at the bottom. PMID- 1236017 TI - Thick specimens in the CEM and STEM. Resolution and image formation. AB - A theory of resolution and image formation is presented for thick amorphous specimens in transmission electron microscopes. Eight modes of operation are considered, four in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and four in the conventional electron microscope (CEM). A thick specimen is defined here as one in which the resolution of detail is limited by plural scattering of the electron beam. In practice this includes films on the order of a micron in thickness. An analytic theory of plural incoherent scattering is developed which is general with respect to material and beam voltage. The theory gives the distribution of elastically scattered electrons as a function of transverse coordinate and angles, and is directly applicable to optical systems. The theory applies to all thicknesses normally encountered, and includes thin specimens as well as thick specimens. Criteria are proposed for evaluation of the quality of microscope images, and the modulation transfer function is applied to determine some practical estimates of picture quality. The STEM is found to have distinct advantages over the CEM for thick specimens. For a carbon specimen one micron thick a STEM operating in bright field at 90 keV produces an image which is roughly equivalent to that of a CEM operating in bright field at 1 MeV. Improvement can be obtained in the CEM by filtering out eneryg-loss electrons which degrade resolution due to chromatic aberration. This results in a reduction in signal intensity and usable thickness, however. PMID- 1236018 TI - The microanalysis of light elements using transmitted energy loss electrons. AB - The use of transmitted energy loss electrons is shown to hold considerable promise for the elemental analysis of light elements. In this technique, those electrons which have lost energy in exciting characteristic inner shell atomic levels are detected rather than X-rays resulting from the decay of the excited levels. The advantages of this technique are (1) a large fraction (0.1-1) of the information-carrying energy loss electrons can be detected, and (2) for each excited level, one energy loss electron is produced independent of the fluorescent yield. Thus the technique potentially offers higher sensitivity than X-ray analysis. We have begun a program to evaluate this technique both theoretically and experimentally for electron probe devices. First, we have developed the necessary theoretical framework to make predictions concerning relevant quantities of elemental analysis such as the minimum detectable mass (MDM) and mimimum detectable mass fraction (MMF). The results of these calculations for thin specimens indicate a potential reduction in the MDM by up to three orders of magnitude and in the MMF by up to 500 through the use of transmitted energy loss electrons rather than X-rays; the advantages over X-ray detection being greater for lower atomic number. Second, we have begun experimental measurements to verify our predictions. These experiments were performed in a field emission scanning microscope with known limitations in collection efficiency, but the results indicate the validity of the basic assumptions and also aid in the design of an instrument which can fully exploit this technique. The experimental results obtained indicate the ease of detection of characteristic K-shell energy levels in elements as light as lithium and indicate the mass detectability of less than 10(-18)g. PMID- 1236019 TI - Development of methodology for low exposure, high resolution electron microscopy of biological specimens. AB - Specimen damage resulting from inelastic scattering is one of the factors that limits high-resolution electron microscopy of biological specimens. We have, therefore, sought to develop a method to record images of periodic objects at a reduced electron exposure in order to preserve high-resolution structural detail. The resulting image will tend increasingly to be a statistically noisy one, as the electron exposure is reduced to lower and lower values. Construction of a statistically defined image from such data is possible by spatial averaging of the electron signals from a large number of identical unit cells. In this paper, we have first investigated the theory pertaining to the attainable resolution as a function of the electron exposure, the magnification, and several other relevant parameters. In addition, we report experimental results obtained with a commercial image intensifier and with nuclear track photographic emulsion, both of which are highly sensitive recording devices. Usable images can be recorded and processed at exposures in the image plane as low as 10(-3) electron/micron2 (1.6 x 10(-14) coulomb/cm2). PMID- 1236020 TI - On dark field techniques in transmission electron microscopy. AB - Different dark field techniques in transmission electron microscopy are investigated. In particular, a displaced aperture technique is developed, which produces high quality off-axis dark field images. The essential feature of the method is that the chromatic aberration of the objective and intermediate lenses is compensated for with the aid of a one-stage beam deflector in the object plane of the intermediate lens. In addition, the image distortion and the effect of the curvature of the image field are minimized by reducing the coefficient of sperical aberration of the intermediate lens. Diffracted beams, forming angles alpha up to 2.5 degrees with the optical axis, can be used for dark field imaging. Resolutions better than 30 A for alpha = 2 degrees, and 17 A for alpha = 1 degree, are obtained. PMID- 1236021 TI - Electron microscope images of mercury atoms bound to DNA filament. AB - Ultra-fine grids with holes of a few hundred angstroms in diameter were made from tropomyosin for specimen supporting media. DNA was mounted on the grid. Microscope images were obtained demonstrating one double-stranded DNA filament bridging a hole. Using mercurated DNA a few filamentous images were observed in a bridge, and series of faint fine sports were recognized along an edge of a hole. These spots were interpreted as the images of single mercury atoms bound to the filament. The control experiment was made on unstained DNA, some images of which showed only uniform intensity over the bridge, whereas others were disturbed to some extent by noise presumably due to extraneous molecules coating the filament. PMID- 1236022 TI - Scanning transmission proton microscopy of human metaphase chromosomes at low resolution: no catastrophic damage. PMID- 1236023 TI - A specimen preparation technique for transmission electron microscopy of surface layers. AB - A TEM specimen preparation method is described, with the aid of which electron transparent foils can be obtained across the external surface of a specimen. After careful pre-treatment, steel specimens have been electrolytically coated with nickel. Conventional thinning in a plane cutting the substrate-coating interface, gave thin foils displaying the internal structure as a function of depth under the initial free surface. The method has also been applied to minute metal particles, of dimensions too small to allow manipulating and foil preparation by conventional methods. Image examples are shown, and the applicability of the method is discussed. PMID- 1236024 TI - A method of using the incident beam tilt as a eucentric goniometer in transmission electron microscopy. AB - The principal difficulties in constructing and operating a eucentric specimen tilting goniometer in a transmission electron microscope are discussed, together with the goniometric function of the incident beam tilt. The latter function is found easy to operate in a eucentric manner. The imaging beam then will have a non-axial path, which will increase particularly the field chromatic aberration. Earlier, however, a technique for the compensation of the chromatic aberration during displaced aperture dark field image formation has been developed. In combination with this technique, it proved possible to use the ordinary incident beam tilt as a eucentric goniometer. Image sequences were obtained, with accurately varied diffraction conditions. The tilt angles and the direction of the tilt axis can be very accurately determined from the displacements of the diffraction pattern. PMID- 1236025 TI - Aperture contrast in thick amorphous specimens using scanning transmission electron microscopy. AB - The contrast observed in thick amorphous specimens using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can be considerably improved by the use of an optimum collector aperture angle. The size of this angle can be calculated by considering the variation of electron current transmitted through the specimen as a function both of the specimen thickness and of the angle of collection subtended at the specimen. Typically these calculations predict optimum angles to be several times the half-width of the elastic scattering distribution, often 10(-1) rad or more. Observations of biological sections of up to 2 micron in thickness using scanning attachments of commercial transmission microscopes have verifie these results at beam voltages of 50, 100 and 200 kV. Wide angle convergent beam diffraction patterns were used to give accurate values of the effective angles represented by the various collector apertures. Once the linearity of the detector-amplifier system had been established, operation in a line modulation mode enabled quantitative measurements to be made of the image contrast. Such measurements also offer a quick effective method of comparing electron beam penetrations. PMID- 1236026 TI - High resolution imaging properties of the STEM. AB - The effect of the finite size of the atom on the resolution of the STEM is investigated. When the probe size becomes comparable to the size of the atom, the quality of the image depends on the scattering properties of the atom as well as the distribution of electrons in the probe. A technique for calculating the image of a single atom is developed by expanding the scattering amplitude. This allows the image of an atom or its spatial frequency to be expanded into various components. The specific case of dark field contrast formed with elastically scattered electrons is considered. The coefficients of the components are evaluated for carbon and thorium using complex scattering amplitudes derived from relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater wavefunctions. The coefficients are evaluated for a 100 keV microscope using an immersion type objective lens whose aperture is limited to 12 mrad by primary spherical aberration and a 100 keV microscope using the same objective lens in conjunction with a corrector lens for spherical aberration. Secondary spherical aberration limits the objective aperture of the corrected microscope to 30 mrad. PMID- 1236027 TI - Magnification variations in reflection electron microscopy using diffracted beams. AB - In reflection electron microscope images obtained using electron beams diffracted at a small angle from the surfaces of bulk specimens, it is observed that the magnification in directions almost parallel to the incident beam appears to increase rapidly with distance from the in-focus position in both directions. An explanation for this effect is offered in terms of the curvature of the lines of energy flow around the cross-over of the electron beam formed by the condenser action of the fore-field of the objective lens. PMID- 1236028 TI - Low temperature mass loss of thin films of L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan upon electron irradiation--a preliminary report. PMID- 1236029 TI - Averaging of low exposure electron micrographs of non-periodic objects. AB - The investigation concerns the possibility of extending to non-periodic objects the low exposure averaging techniques recently proposed for non-destructive electron microscopy of periodic biological objects. Two methods are discussed which are based on cross-correlation and are in principle suited for solving this problem. PMID- 1236030 TI - Minimal beam exposure with a field emission source. PMID- 1236031 TI - The influence of plural scattering on the limit of resolution in electron microscopy. PMID- 1236032 TI - A method for the improvement of the visibility of transmission electron microscope images. AB - A method is presented of improving the visibility of transmission electron microscope images in any situation in which a high resolution in only one chosen direction is of interest. The technique is based on the use of slot shaped objective apertures. Such apertures are of reduced area relative to a circular aperture giving the same all round resolution. The background intensity due to inelastically scattered electrons is thus reduced. The aperture device developed is described, while the value of the method is demonstrated by its application to the observation of dislocations. Further possible applications are indicated. PMID- 1236033 TI - Topographical contrast in the transmission electron microscope. AB - An adaptation of the Foucault method for topographical imaging in the transmission electron microscope is described in detail. The image contrast is produced by selection of electrons which have suffered differential phase retardations in the specimen inner potential. Surface or interface displacements produce bright or dark image contrast, and the ultimate resolution approaches that of the atomic scale. The imaging method is applied in studies of both amorphous and crystalline objects. The possibility of performing quantitative measurements is demonstrated by the estimation of the inner potential of crystalline MgO. PMID- 1236035 TI - Bioavailability: some pharmaceutical factors. PMID- 1236034 TI - Colonoscopy and polypectomy. PMID- 1236036 TI - Deep vein thrombosis. Pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. PMID- 1236037 TI - Review of present status of prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 1236038 TI - The saccharine disease. PMID- 1236039 TI - Choosing the right antibiotic. PMID- 1236040 TI - Choosing the right antibiotic. PMID- 1236041 TI - Medical treatment of criminals. PMID- 1236042 TI - Annual oration on the relevance of science. PMID- 1236043 TI - [Development of infestations of corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1865) (Lepidoptera, Galleriidae) in some alimentary substrates (author's transl)]. AB - Experiment to study the evolution of infestations of Corcyra cephalonica in peeled peanuts, grain corn, wheat flour and grain coffee, were carried out in Santos and in Sao Paulo (State of Sao Paulo, Brazil). In the experimental conditions, more emergence resulted from peanuts followed by grain corn and third by wheat flour; a very small number of moths emerged from the grain coffee. The place did not interfere with the results. PMID- 1236044 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in the dog. A case report treated by nefrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - This authors describe a renal adenocarcinoma in a six years old made Saint Bernard dog. The clinical and radiological changes are presented. Urine and blood examination were also studied. Surgical treatment (nefrectomy) and results justify the present communications. Papillary adenocarcinoma is the histopathological diagnosis. PMID- 1236045 TI - Analgesic activity of dimeric proanthocyanidins--Preliminary experiments. AB - Pharmacological experiments with cacao and avocado proanthocyanidins were performed. Analgesic action was measured by the heated plate method: mice receiving 80mg/kg of the drugs showed a behaviour similar to those receiving morphine. Potentiation of "sleeping time" suggests a possible depressive action on the central nervous system. PMID- 1236046 TI - [Toxicity of insecticides-acaricides were studied for three phytoghagous mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) using two different laboratory methods (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this work was to learn the toxicity of acaricides: monocrotophos, chlorobenzilate and chlorphenamidine when used as an immersion and as a spray on the phytophagous mites, Tetranychus (T) urticae, Tetranychus (T) cinnabarinus and Tetranychus (T) ludeni under laboratory conditions. It was concluded that the mite T. urticae was sensitive to chlorphenamidine at least when used as a spray without killing them in a significant level. However the mites T. cinnabarinus and T. ludeni were sensitive to chlorphenamidine when using immersion method. The monocrotophos and the chlorobenzilate were toxic of the three species of mites using though the employed methods. PMID- 1236047 TI - [Isolation of rabies virus from brain, salivary and interscapular glands, heart, lungs and testis of the bat Desmodus rotundus, in the State of Sao Paulo (author's transl)]. AB - Rabies virus was isolated from the brain, salivary and interscapular (brown fat) glands, heart, lungs and testis of naturally infected vampire bat Desmodus rotundus found paralyzed in the day at Barueri, Sao Paulo State. The rabies virus isolations were made by intracerebral inoculation in 4-5 days and 30 days old mice. The virus strain was identified as rabies virus by the Sellers and Faraco (Mann) techniques, the fluorescent antibody test and intracerebral inoculation of mice. The isolation of virus from lungs and testis was made only in suckling mice. Only one of eight and two of eight mice inoculated died with rabies. PMID- 1236048 TI - [Analysis of cupric fungicides by complexometric potentiography (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with a description of a potentiographic complexometric technique developed for determining copper in cupric fungicides. It is precise, accurate and specific in presence of zinc and manganese (iron and aluminium should be separated). Its great advantage in comparison with the classical method is the quickness. PMID- 1236049 TI - [Isolation of rabies virus from an insectivorous bat Molossus obscurus (Geoffroy, 1805), in the State of Sao Paulo (author's transl)]. AB - Rabies virus was isolated from insectivorous bat Molossus obscurus found in a semi-paralyzed condition, in broad daylight, in Campinas, Sao Paulo State. Suckling and adult mice inoculated intracerebrally with a 20% suspension of bat brain showed typical rabies symptoms within eight days. The mortality of inoculated mice was 100%. Negri bodies were seen in the brains of infected mice by Sellers and Fraco's methods. Rabies antigens was found in the brains of inoculated mice by fluorescent antibodies test. PMID- 1236050 TI - [The complement-fixation test in rabies. I. Antibody titer of vaccinated dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Complement-fixation test based in 50% hemolytic end point was applied to investigate the immune status to rabies of dogs vaccinated with heigh egg-passage Flury vaccine. The complement-fixation titer was compared with serum neutralization results. Twenty-five sera was employed and the complement fixation titer varied of 0 to 256. Three sera was anticomplementary. The results indicated a lack of quantitative correlation, but was found a qualitative correlation between the two methods. PMID- 1236051 TI - [Experimental trial to reproduction enzootic haematuria in cattle by feeding bracken fern [Pteris aquilina (Kuhn)] (author's transl)]. AB - Cattle were fed with a diet containing bracken fern in order to study the development of chronic bovine haematuria. The experimental 25 animals were randomly divided into 5 groups and such groups received different amounts of the plant. All groups were fed for 36 months, while no clinical effect of the disease was noted. After that time, the supplement of bracken fern to the diet was suspended and the animals still remained under observation. One of the animals (from group I) exhibit haematuria one month after the fern was removed from the diet. In the same occasion, four animals were slaughtered and only one of them presented haemorragic lesions in the urinary bladder. After 34 days another four animals were slaughtered and 114 days later three more were killed. All animals were chosen randomly and in spite of no clinical signs of the disease, all of them presented haemorragic lesions in the urinary bladder. The results obtained in this experiment confirmed that bracken fern (Pteris aquilina) is responsable for the development of chronic bovine haematuria in cattle. The disease is challenged by continuous ingestion of small amounts of bracken fern during a long period of time. PMID- 1236052 TI - [Bacteriological study of the intestinal flora of bats (Desmodus rotundus) (author's transl)]. AB - Stools of 100 bats trapped in the town of Anhembi, State os Sao Paulo, Brazil, were examined bacteriologically. Hemolityc and non hemolytic strains of Escherichia coli were found most frequently (29.5%) followed by Proteus group (27%) and Staphylococcus (20%). From nine samples of stools the authors isolated Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1236053 TI - [Blood cultures-bacteriological and drug resistance culture (author's transl)]. AB - Blood cultures of 24 patients from the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de ciencias Medicas e Biologicas de Botucatu showed a prevalence of gram-negative isolates (83%) over gram-positive (16%). Among the microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium was the most frequent (25%) followed by Klepsiella sp. (21%) and Escherichia coli (17%). It was also observed that the main cuase of death was the largest occurrence of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among the isolates. Regarding drug resistance gentamycin revealed more active than other antibiotic tested. PMID- 1236054 TI - [Hematological studies on cows pasturing on Brachiaria radicans napper in winter time (author's transl)]. AB - A group of six adult cows Holstein-Frision was left grazing on a pasture formed exclusively with Brachiaria radicans Napper. This investigation was was undertaken during the rather dry winter with the graminea showing a low nitrat content. The animals failed to present any of the typical simptoms of intoxication and the weekly clinical and hematologycal examinations detected a hyperchromic macrocytic anaemia eventually jointed to anisocytosis and basophylic stippling in the red cells. The anaemia was controlled by removing the animals from the pasture. PMID- 1236055 TI - [Studies on guinea pig fed on Brachiaria sp. (Tanner Grass) (author's transl)]. AB - The investigation was developed with 80 female guinea pigs weighing about hundred grams. housed in groups of 15 or 20 animals. The daily treatments were: Brachiaria sp. (Tanner Grass), Brachiaria sp. (Tanner Grass) and meal, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and the grass Napier. The guinea pigs fed on Brachiaria sp. did not show any symptomas observed in cattle grazing on that graminea. Liver and kidney damage detected upon histological investigation on those animals were different from those observed on intoxicated cattle. The metahemoglobinemic anemia also were not detected on guinea pigs feed on Brauchiaria sp. (Tanner Grass) (1, 2, 3, 7). The urine collected from these animals showed a dark colour, this pigmentation were not found in cattle urine. The dark urine colour of cattle grazing for about one month on "Tanner Grass" was due to hemoblobinuria. The survival time of the guinea pigs feed only with B. decumbens Stapf and the grass Napier was smoller as compared with the animals receiving Brachiaria sp. (Tanner Grass). The syndrome on cattle, the effect on guinea pig added to some other aspect like the fact that plant became more toxic (2) when green and luxurious suggest a similarity with the toxic activity of some species of Brassicas such as B. oleracea var. acephala D.C., B. olerace var. capitata L. and B napus L. (5, 8). PMID- 1236056 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Planch.) (Vitaceae) "callus" kept in solid cultures (author's transl)]. AB - The normal strain shows undifferentiated chloroplasts in opposition to the very well chlorophyllated "callus" which shows all the normal ultrastructural characteristics of the various organelles. The strain which has lost completely the capacity of chlorophyl synthesis shows a remarkable increase in the size and number of mitochondria. The tumor tissue shows deep lobulation in its nuclei as well as undifferentiated plastids in the cytoplasm. An increase of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the tumor tissue was also observed. PMID- 1236057 TI - [Contribution to the study of the haemolytic streptococci isolated from dogs (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied bacteriologically 740 specimens from dogs maintained at the central kennel of the Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e Biologicas de Botucatu, being the main subject the isolation of streptococci strains from the tonsilar, vaginal conjuctival and preputial secretions. Strains with the same serological properties showed a different biochemical properties, which allowed us to appoint different biochemical types inside a same serological group. On the other hand, it was also possible to detect through the precipitation capillary tube technique, the serological groups G, C, A, D and B, being the G group (73%) the most frequent one. Biochemical properties of the human G group streptococci compared with the canine G group streptococci showed a statistically significant difference in the reactions of fibrinolysis of human plasma, glicerol, sorbitol, esculin, mannitol, inulin, raffinose, salicin, trehalos, hydrolysis of the sodium hypurate, growth on 20% bile broth, and growth at 45 degrees C. The authors stress the utility of the fibrinolysis of human plasma test for the characterization of canine origin streptococci. PMID- 1236058 TI - Virus diarrhea of the infant mice. Ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium (author's transl). AB - The authors studying ultrastructure of epithelium of infant mice infected with the agent of diarrhea, detected virus particles agglutinated in vesicles measuring 59 +/- 2.00 (0.988) nm. This particles had a core more dense with 30 +/ 2.00 (0.705) nm and was found in all animals studied, sick, normal or with inapparent disease. PMID- 1236059 TI - [A bacteriological study of otitis in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Bacteriological examination of 100 cases of otitis in dogs revealed pure cultures of different microorganisms as follows: Staphylococcus aureus from 25 animals; Escherichia coli from 10; Proteus mirabilis from 20; Enterobacter sp. from 18 and Klepsiella sp. from 7. Mixed cultures of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klepsiella sp. were found in 3 animals; Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter sp. in 5; Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis in 4. Enterobacter sp. and Klepsiella sp. in 2 and Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in 6. Theses results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus appeared as the most frequent microorganism (36%) followed by Proteus mirabilis (23%) and Klepsiella sp. (16%). Drug resistance studies showed that all tested strains were resistant to the antibiotics and to the nalidixic acid in levels higher than 20microgram/ml except gentamycin which showed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa a resistance level for 10microgram/ml. PMID- 1236060 TI - Canine hepatitis virus infections in dogs of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. AB - Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus was isolated from 10 of 51 tested dogs caught in Sao Paulo and neighbouring Districts. The viruses were isolated in dog kidney cell cultures from fecal specimens and, in two instances, from the non-inoculated cell cultures themselves. All the isolated virus strains presented biological and physicochemical characteristics proper to the adenovirus and were immunologically identified as ICH virus. Specific neutralizing antibodies to the ICH virus were found in 50% of the dogs with negative virus isolations in titers from 1/500 to 1/25,000. These results point to a very high frequency of infection by the ICH virus in the sample studied. PMID- 1236061 TI - Chiropractors: Healers or quacks? Part 2: How chiropractors can help--or harm. PMID- 1236062 TI - Hearing protectors. PMID- 1236063 TI - Marijuana: the legal question. PMID- 1236064 TI - Biosynthesis and metabolism of testosterone in isolated germ cells of the ray and the ram and in the Sertoli cells of the rat. PMID- 1236065 TI - Testicular enzymes related to steroid metabolism. PMID- 1236066 TI - Perfusion of the male rat reproductive tract: a model for the study of androgen secretion and action. PMID- 1236067 TI - Metabolism and secretion of androgens by rat seminiferous tubules: tracer superfusion studies. PMID- 1236068 TI - Regulation of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in rete testis fluid. Evidence for androgen biosynthesis in seminiferous tubules in vivo. PMID- 1236069 TI - The blood - testis barrier and steroids. PMID- 1236071 TI - Androgen receptor in rat testis. PMID- 1236070 TI - Androgen metabolism in the seminiferous tubule. PMID- 1236072 TI - Localization of androgen receptors in rat testis: biochemical studies. PMID- 1236073 TI - Androgen receptors in testis tissue enriched in Sertoli cells. PMID- 1236074 TI - Androgen binding in the testis: in vitro production of androgen binding protein (ABP) by Sertoli cell cultures and measurement of nuclear bound androgen by a nuclear exchange assay. AB - Androgen binding activity in the testis has two components. One component, ABP, has been shown to be produced by Sertoli cell cultures for at least 9 days in the absence of exogenously added hormones. FSH (10-100 microgram/ml) markedly enhances the secretion of ABP. MIX has a potentiating effect after long treatment intervals (7 days). In order to study the second component, intracellular androgen receptor, a nuclear exchange assay was developed. Competition for exchange activity using 3H-dihydrotestosterone was significant for a 500 fold excess of testosterone, dihydrotestosteron, progesterone, and cyproterone acetate. The exchange activity was increased 2-10 fold by prior treatment in vitro or in vivo with testosterone. Significant exchange activity was found in long-term hypophysectomized adult and immature animals and in tubule and germ cell fractions. In isolated germ cell fractions, the highest concentration of exchange activity was associated with the most mature elements. These data suggest that androgen exchange activity may exist in both Sertoli cell and germ cell fractions and suggest that the mechanism of action of androgens in the testis is quite complex. PMID- 1236075 TI - Localization of androgen target cells in the rat testis: autoradiographic studies. PMID- 1236076 TI - In vitro synthesis of testicular androgen binding protein (ABP): stimulation by FSH and androgen. PMID- 1236077 TI - Androgen synthesis and metabolism by preparations from the seminiferous tubule of the rat testis. PMID- 1236078 TI - Transcription during mammalian spermatogenesis with special reference to Sertoli cells. PMID- 1236079 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural observations on normal and follicle stimulating hormone-injected prepuberal rat Sertoli cells. PMID- 1236080 TI - Possible boundary tissue function in isolated seminiferous tubules. PMID- 1236081 TI - Gonadotropic regulation of 5 alpha-reductase activity in the interstitial cells and whole testis homogenate of the immature rat. PMID- 1236082 TI - Compartmentation of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the rat testis. PMID- 1236083 TI - Comparison of steroid metabolism in testicular compartments of human and rat testes. PMID- 1236084 TI - Potentiometric differential study on interaction of an antibiotic of neomycin group with surfactants of ionic and nonionic nature. PMID- 1236086 TI - In vitro observations on the growth regulators-like effects of some antibiotics on the germination of avena seeds. PMID- 1236085 TI - Effect of oxytetracycline and sulphanilamide on the reproduction and development of Dysderscus cingulatus F. in three methods of application. PMID- 1236087 TI - Changes in the mineral content of the red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus F. due to treatments with oxytetracycline (Terramycin) and sulphanilamide. PMID- 1236088 TI - Activity of some antibiotics against Phytophthora parasitica var. piperina, incitant of foot-rot and leaf-rot of Pan. PMID- 1236089 TI - Antibacterial study of substituted N-benzylidenediphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazides. PMID- 1236090 TI - In vitro effect of some antibiotics on the growth and respiration of Fusarium solani f. pisi. PMID- 1236091 TI - Laboratory evaluation of some antibiotics and fungicides against a lemon rot fungus. PMID- 1236092 TI - Mental-sulphonamides as antibacterials. Part II. PMID- 1236093 TI - Sedimentation test for procaine benzylpenicillin in oil with aluminium monostearate. III. Substitution of the sedimentation rate for the blood-level duration test of WHO in rabbits. PMID- 1236094 TI - [Statistical analysis of the effectiveness of using electroanalgesia in the labor process]. PMID- 1236095 TI - [Optimization of the duration of processable manifestations of bioelectrical processes]. PMID- 1236096 TI - [Diagnosis of the electroencephalograms at varying depths of anesthesia]. PMID- 1236097 TI - [Measurement of the economic efficiency of new medical equipment in the production sphere]. PMID- 1236098 TI - [Modeling the process of reproduction of medical equipment goods for establishing their output demand]. PMID- 1236099 TI - [Computation of efficient work schedules for first aid brigades and machines]. PMID- 1236100 TI - [Program for optimizing the provision of medical equipment complexes]. PMID- 1236101 TI - [Method of bioinformation input into the BESM-4 computer]. PMID- 1236102 TI - [Modeling the development of a medical instrument manufacture production system]. PMID- 1236103 TI - [Classification of the indices of the level of production specialization]. PMID- 1236104 TI - [Decision rules based on linear combinations of diagnostic indices]. PMID- 1236105 TI - [Problems of the practical use of discriminant analysis]. PMID- 1236106 TI - [Construction of an LDF in the case of an arbitrary number of classifiable sets]. PMID- 1236107 TI - [Obtaining an informative set of features]. PMID- 1236109 TI - [Method of constructing linear discriminant functions based on the expert opinions of physicians]. PMID- 1236108 TI - [Discriminant diagnosis in an incomplete patient examination]. PMID- 1236110 TI - [Formation of the theory of the development of technical equipment provision in public health]. PMID- 1236111 TI - [Construction of a learning measuring gage of the depth of anesthesia]. PMID- 1236112 TI - [Small automated complex for the control of the psychophysiological state of adolescents]. PMID- 1236113 TI - Some aspects of abdominal injuries. PMID- 1236115 TI - A case of peripheral nerve injury. PMID- 1236114 TI - Unusual side effects of etrenol. PMID- 1236117 TI - A medical investigation of a Proto team disaster. PMID- 1236116 TI - Peripheral nerve injury following crushing. PMID- 1236118 TI - Stab wound of the heart. PMID- 1236120 TI - [A comparative study of different methods for the detection of gastroesophageal reflux (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236121 TI - [A simplified method for the purification of Australia antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236122 TI - [The chilean medical education-medical care model (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236123 TI - [Fertility control through steroid hormones used as contraceptives in the woman (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236124 TI - [Mechanical properties of lungs in malnurisied infants under five months of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236125 TI - Fetal malnutrition and its consequences. PMID- 1236126 TI - Hepatitis and blood transfusion. PMID- 1236127 TI - Pancreatic changes associated with cases of thymic dysplasia. PMID- 1236128 TI - Methionine requirement in children with cystinosis. PMID- 1236129 TI - Levodopa in hepatic coma in children. PMID- 1236130 TI - Complete extrathoracic ectopia cordis: proposal of a new surgical approach. PMID- 1236131 TI - NBT test in children with iron deficiency anemia. (NBT test in iron deficiency). PMID- 1236132 TI - Clinico-pathological evaluation of 37 cases of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in infancy at necropsy. PMID- 1236133 TI - Intrauterine purpura fulminans. PMID- 1236134 TI - A case report of typhoid perforation of the ileum. PMID- 1236135 TI - A case of ventriculitis diagnosed by radioisotope brain scintigraphy. PMID- 1236136 TI - About viral hepatitis. PMID- 1236137 TI - The value of liver scanning in pediatric age groups with special emphasis on histopathological correlation. PMID- 1236138 TI - Assay of collagen-galactosyltransferase and collagen-glucosyltransferase activities and preliminary characterization of enzymic reactions with transferases from chick-embryo cartilage. PMID- 1236139 TI - Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase during metabolism of ammonium ions in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver. PMID- 1236140 TI - Analysis of the peptide composition of purified beef-heart complex III by dodecylsulfate electrophoresis. AB - The peptides of purified complex III from beef heart mitochondria have been studied by electrophoresis on dodecylsulfate gels. Of the 12 peptides consistently observed, only eight appear to be integral peptides of the functional complex. Attempts to identify these peptides have been made through co electrophoresis of complex III and fractions in which the individual peptides were either purified or greatly enriched. Electrophoresis of complex III preparations which were not reduced by mercaptoethanol indicates that intermolecular disulfide bonds play no significant role in stabilizing the complex. PMID- 1236141 TI - The specificity of a neutral deoxyribonuclease from Cancer pagurus. AB - The recently isolated neutral deoxyribonuclease from crab (Cancer pagurus) testes has been characterized in its mode of action and its specificity. The enzyme is a typical endonuclease, forming 5'-phosphate oligonucleotides of large average size; after extensive digestion of calf thymus DNA over 75% of the fragments have a size larger than pentanucleotides and mononucleotides are absent. As far as specificity is concerned, thymidine is very abundant in the 5'-penultimate position (approximately 50%) and in the 3'-terminal position (37%) and almost absent in the 5'-terminal position (approximately 1%), the values quoted concerning Escherichia coli digests of average size (Pn) between 50 and 10. PMID- 1236142 TI - Tryptic digestion of native small-intestinal sucrase - isomaltase complex: isolation of the sucrase subunit. AB - Limited tryptic digestion of native sucrase - isomaltase complex produced a more rapid destruction of isomaltase activity than sucrase activity. It was possible to isolate a partially fragmented sucrase subunits in high yields with a specific activity twice that of the native complex. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses are reported and compared with the results obtained for sucrase - isomaltase complex and isomaltase subunit obtained by a different method. PMID- 1236143 TI - Chlorophylls attached to lipid and protein globules, absorption and fluorescence spectra, photo-oxidation. AB - The precipitation of chlorophylls upon lipid and protein globules suspended in an aqueous buffer yields a partial model of photosynthetic membranes. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the model are investigated as well as the photo oxidation of the chlorophylls (bleaching) by dissolved oxygen. It is shown that pigment--pigment interactions occur in such systems, by (a) the appearance of absorption bands characteristic of crystalline or highly ordered chlorophyll at high pigment concentrations, (b) the chlorophyll a-type of fluorescence of systems containing chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b where the latter is selectively excited, and (c) the kinetics of photo-oxidation which suggest that chlorophylls can only be bleached when they are dimerized. PMID- 1236144 TI - The amino-acid sequence of a peptide (PS-1) from Drosophila funebris: a paragonial peptide from males which reduces the receptivity of the female. AB - The substance, PS-1, produced in the paragonial gland of adult male Drosophila funebris influences the mating behavior of virgin female flies after injection. The substance was isolated and characterized as a 27-residue peptide. The complete amino acid sequence was determined by manual sequence analysis of tryptic peptides, automated Edman degradation, and carboxypeptidase A digestion. The sequence is Asp-Val/Leu-Pro-Ser-Ala-Asn-Ala-Asn-Ala-Asn-Gln-Arg-Thr-Ala-Ala Ala-Lys-Pro-Gln-Ala-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ala-Ser-Ser. The ratio of Val : Leu in the second position of the sequence is 7:3. This is the first detailed report on an insect peptide which causes a biological response in the opposite sex following mating. PMID- 1236145 TI - Hemachatus haemachatus (Ringhals) venom. Purification, some properties and amino acid sequence of phospholipase A (fraction DE-I). PMID- 1236146 TI - Behaviour of tyrosyl residues of calf-thymus histone F3. Difference-spectroscopy studies. AB - We have studied the behaviour of microenvironments containing tyrosine of calf thymus histone F3 (or histone H3) by using the difference spectroscopy techniques of thermal and solvent perturbation. By comparison of the parameters found for the models L-tyrosine methyl ester and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester with those for the protein at various conditions, several aspects of the tertiary structure of histone F3 become apparent. The raising of ionic strength produces a general burial of tyrosyl residues of the histone, whereas low pH or urea treatment causes a complete exposure of tyrosyl groups with respect to the solvent. Anomalously high values can also be observed of accessibility of the perturbants sucrose and ethylene glycol at low concentrations of phosphate buffer. The relevance of these findings towards a better understanding of the tertiary structure of histone F3 and of its interactions with DNA is discussed. PMID- 1236147 TI - The integrity of nuclear proteins following incubation of isolated nuclei in vitro. PMID- 1236148 TI - Complexes of metal phthalocyanines with globin as the models of heme proteins. AB - The reaction between iron and cobalt tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines and globin results in the formation of the green complexes, as has been proved by difference spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric titration data indicate the formation of those complexes at the molar ratio 1:1. The complexes of ferrous, ferric and cobaltous tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines with globin have been isolated from the reaction mixtures by separation on Sephadex G-50 and precipitation of the protein fractions with ammonium sulfate. The visible spectra of these complexes are characterised by the main intensive peak at 641 nm, 678 nm, and 675 nm for ferric, ferrous and cobaltous derivatives, respectively. The new globin complexes have the property of reversible combination with oxygen and coordination with cyanide ions. It is evidence from the results of the spectrophotometric titrations of hemoglobin and methemoglobin with cobaltous tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine that iron protoporphyrins are displaced by this cobalt derivative; this suggests that phthalocyanine and porphyrin are bonded in a similar manner. PMID- 1236149 TI - Quaternary changes of rabbit-muscle glycogen phosphorylase b at low temperature: relaxation studies and titration of sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 1236150 TI - Studies on the role and mode of operation of the very-lysine-rich histone H1 (F1) in eukaryote chromatin. The conformation of histone H1. AB - Proton magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and other studies of whole and cleaved calf thymus histone H1 (formerly F1) reveal the presence of specific folded structures in the region approximately from residue 40--115. Ionic, hydrogen-bond and hydrophobic interactions all appear to contribute to the stability of the structure, which is predicted to contain alpha-helices in regions 42--55 and 58--75. No evidence was found for beta-structures, either inter or intramolecular, or for any structure formation outside the region 40- 115. At 18 degrees C and a protein concentration of 2 mM the first-order exchange rate between random-coil and structured forms is slower than 80 s-1; at 40 degrees C the exchange rate is faster than 330 s-1. PMID- 1236151 TI - Deposition of aerosol particles in the human nose. AB - About 2000 breathing experiments were performed, involving four breathing manoeuvres, four volunteers, a wide range of particle diameters and various breathing patterns. Monodisperse droplets of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate served as aerosol particles. The deposition of particles in the nose was calculated from total deposition of particles in the whole respiratory tract for mouth, nose, mouth-nose and nose-mouth breathing. This method allowed the determination of nasal deposition and nasal efficiency for inspiration and expiration. Total deposition was determined from measurements of the particle concentration and the respiratory volume flow rate. Considerable scatter of nasal deposition in the four subjects was found. At a constant tidal volume it rose rapidly with increasing flow rate. The nasal efficiences were found to be independent of tidal volume. For inspiration as well as expiration the nasal passages removed particles very efficiently by inertial impaction. However, inspiratory and expiratory nasal efficiences were different. The scatter of individual inspiratory efficiency could be considerably reduced by employing a mathematical relationship to describe inspiratory nasal efficiency which makes use of the pressure difference across the nose and nasopharynx during nose breathing. PMID- 1236152 TI - Influence of respiratory air space dimensions on aerosol deposition. AB - Models used to estimate both total and regional deposition of aerosols in the human respiratory tract have been proposed by a number of individuals and groups. Although the values chosen by different investigators for dimensions of airways or other air spaces may differ significantly from each other, there is the common assumption that the normal human respiratory tract is structurally uniform and that dimensions and branching patterns may be considered as constants in the deposition equations. There has been, therefore, considerable emphasis on estimating the effects of particle size, size dispersion, tidal volume and respiratory frequency. Much less attention has been paid to the normal intersubject variability of the size of air spaces in spite of the obvious influence this would have on aerosol deposition. Work on deposition from our own laboratories, as well as published results of others on pulmonary anatomy, has lead to the conclusion that there is considerable anatomic variability among normal subjects. Aerosol deposition in individuals examined under nearly identical conditions has also shown considerable variability. This paper will discuss the similarity in range of anatomical differences and differences in deposition and the probable relationship between the two. PMID- 1236153 TI - Pulmonary deposition of inhaled particles with diameters in the range 2.5 to 7.5 micron. AB - Monodisperse polystyrene particles of 2.5,5 and 7.5 micron diameter, labelled with technetium-99m, were administered to mouth-breathing subjects respiring at a rate of 10 breaths min-1. Measurements of radioactivity, made with collimated coaxial detectors above and below the chest, were continued for 24 h, when it was considered that all particles remaining represented those deposited in the pulmonary region. Measurements, made following the ingestion of labelled particles, showed that material in the gut contributed to the counting rate in the chest region even after 24 h. The results showed that in healthy non-smokers, of the material deposited below the level of the larynx, 84% of 2.5 micron, 65% of 5 micron and 30% of 7.5 micron particles were deposited in the pulmonary region. Lateral scans of the chest were also made. These enabled the position of the maximum activity on either side of the midline to be determined. The significance of these measurements is discussed. PMID- 1236154 TI - Experimental studies of the deposition of particles in the human lungs. AB - Measurements of deposition, De, during steady breathing through the mouth of particles between 0.5 and 2.5 micons diameter and density 0.92 g/cm3 show that it is related to the tidal volume, VT, expiratory reserve volume, Vr, and a "normal" volume, Vro, by the formula 100 De= Vt/B+C/FD- E- Vr-Vro/A where B, C, D and E are constants which depend on particle size but do not vary from subject to subject enough to have much influence on corresponding values of De. A and and Vro are independent of particle size but relate to the individual subject, especially Vro. A new method is described of correlating the numerous experimental results, which involve six variables, and of evaluating the subject's 'normal' expiratory reserve volume, Vro, for any subject. PMID- 1236155 TI - Lung deposition in freshly excised human lungs. AB - An artificial chest wall was constructed which was large enough to hold a whole excised human lung. this device was connected to a modified Harvard Respirator which was capable of being programmed to produce any reasonable respiration rate. Freshly excised lungs free of any disease and cuts wer placed in the chest wall and challenged with both monodisperse and polydisperse aerosol particles. Total lung deposition was measured and extremely good agreement was obtained with a specially-developed theorectical model. PMID- 1236156 TI - On the deposition of unipolarly charged particles in the human respiratory tract. AB - The effect of unipolar electrostatic charges on the total deposition efficiency in the human respiratory tract has been investigated. Monodisperse carnauba wax particles of diameter between 0.3 and 1.1 micron were charged, in a corona discharge apparatus, with a number of elementary charges ranging from about 30 to 110 per particle, with a narrow distribution. The experiments were performed with volunteers breathing through the mouth at 12 resp/min at constant flow rate, without pauses. The increase in deposition was of the order of 15 to 30% relative to neutral but otherwise unchanged monodisperse aerosol. The increase depended on the charges carried by each particle, but was independent of the concentration. Therefore it may be concluded that the variation can be ascribed to the effect of electrostatic attraction between the particle charge and the image charge on the airway wall. PMID- 1236157 TI - Bronchial deposition of free ions and submicron particles studied in excised lung. AB - Direct measurements of bronchial deposition in ventilated pig lungs are reported for radon daughter ions and condensation nuclei. Comparisons are made with deposition calculated from the theory of particle diffusion in steady, laminar air-flow. In segmental bronchi, the observed deposition of condensation nuclei was within about 25% of that calculated. Deposition was greater by up to a factor 2 in main stem and lobar bronchi. Deposition in the trachea depended upon the entrance conditions set by vocal cords. For thorium-B ions, deposition in segmental bronchi was a factor 4 less than calculated, apparently due to rapid hygroscopic growth. Clearance rates by dissolution from bronchial epithelium in vivo for lead and bismuth ions are also reported. Approximately 10% of 212Pb ions diffused into blood with a half-time of about 70 min and 30% of 212Bi ions with a much shorter half-time of about 7 min. The implications of these data in the calculation of radiation dose from inhaled radon daughters are discussed. PMID- 1236158 TI - Accumulation and retention of 137Cs-labelled fused aluminosilicate particles by beagle dogs after repeated inhalation exposures. AB - A group of 12 beagle dogs was given weekly, individual, 10-min inhalation exposures to aerosols of 137Cs-labelled, fused aluminosilicate particles (AMAD approximately equal to 1.8 micron, sigmag approximately equal to 1.6). Whole-body counting was used to assess the pulmonary deposition associated with each exposure and the long-term retention after exposures. Groups of four dogs were removed from further exposures at the end of 10, 20 and 40 exposures, respectively. Two dogs in each group were sacrificed and the other two maintained for long-term retention measurements. The inhaled material was relatively insoluble in body fluids. In each of the sacrificed dogs, approximately equal to 96% of the body burden was in the lung and approximately equal to 1% in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. The average pulmonary deposition was approximately equal to 20% of the inhaled aerosol for 10, 20 or 30 exposures, a value which was in agreement with previously reported single exposure data. Lower values observed for exposures 31 to 40 were apparently related to differences in respiratory patterns. The long-term, whole-body retentions appear to have effective half lives ranging from 1200-1800 days in contrast to approximately equal to 400 days seen in singly exposed dogs. Possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 1236159 TI - Species differences in aerosol deposition. AB - A theory for scaling the collection efficiency of the lung and respiratory tract is developed by identifying the dimensionless groups of variables controlling the deposition of an inhaled aerosol. The theory predicts that collection efficiency is substantially independent of body size under physiologically equivalent conditions. Thus, total deposition depends primarily on differences in ventilation per gram body weight. Experiments on mice, hamsters, rats, rabbits and dogs simultaneously exposed to the same 198Au labelled 0.78 micron aerosol are in agreement with this prediction, but show wide variability of collection efficiency even in animals of nearly identical size. PMID- 1236160 TI - Aerosol deposition in the dog respiratory tract. AB - Respiratory tract deposition of monodisperse aerosols have been measured in the dog, both in vivo and in excised lungs. Three particle sizes, 0.35, 0.50 and 1.0 micron, were used, with respiratory frequencies from 8 to 25 respirations/min and tidal volumes from 100 to 600 ml. The deposition fractions measured were compared with deposition fractions for one normal human subject using the same aerosols. In vivo deposition fractions for the dog were greater than those for man at comparable conditions, and greater than those for the excised lungs at the same conditions. Although sites of deposition were not directly measured, some conclusions about the appropriateness of animal aerosol toxicity studies for assessing human risk are presented. The hypothesis of geometric similarity of mammalian lungs is examine for dog and man. PMID- 1236161 TI - A study of the short-term retention and clearance of inhaled asbestos by rats, using U.I.C.C. standard reference samples. AB - Rats have been dosed over a 6-week period with U.I.C.C. standard reference samples of amosite, crocidolite and chrysotile A, each at three concentrations: 1,5 and 10 mg/m3. Mass concentrations in the exposure chambers were monitored daily. Because the M.R.E. gravimetric sampler was found to undersample some of these dusts at high concentrations, a sampler with a vertical elutriator was developed. Data on other physical parameters of the dust clouds were also obtained and it was found that the fibre number (greater than 5 micron in length) vs. mass correlation varied markedly between asbestos varieties. After dusting, the rats were sacrificed in five batches over a period of 4 months. The lungs of some animals were retained for pathological examination. This did not reveal any fibrosis although large numbers of fibres were visible, mostly within alveolar macrophages. The remaining lungs were analysed for their asbestos contents by a method based upon infrared spectrophotometry. The clearance data confirm earlier published reports that for rats dosed at similar mass concentrations of chrysotile and amphibole, those dosed with chrysotile retain considerably less dust in their lungs. The data also suggest that the retention and clearance of amphibole abestos may be dose related. Some mathematical treatment of the clearance data has been undertaken. PMID- 1236162 TI - Deposition and clearance of inhaled fibrous minerals in the rat. Studies using radioactive tracer techniques. AB - The deposition and clearance of various fibrous materials have been investigated in the rat using radioactive tracer techniques. The materials used include the U.I.C.C. standard reference samples and synthetic mineral fibres. Measurements of total and alveolar deposition were correlated with the AMADs of the radioactive dust samples which ranged from 1 to 2.5 micron. Although total deposition increases steeply over this range, alveolar deposition is relatively constant only increasing from about 10 to 13%. Alveolar deposition is lower than in man, but the maximum in alveolar deposition appears to occur at a similar aerodynamic diameter. Half times of alveolar clearance, measured over a period of several months following single inhalation exposures, were in the range 60-90 days and no significant difference was observed between amphibole and chrysotile asbestos. Autoradiographs of lung sections indicate that alveolar deposition is relatively uniform and occurs right up to the periphery of the lung. Over a period of several months the uniform distribution alters to one in which fibres accumulate in foci which are mainly subpleural. These foci act as centres for the development of nodular fibrosis. PMID- 1236163 TI - The distribution and clearance of inhaled uranium dioxide particles in the respiratory tract of the rat. AB - The distribution and clearance of inhaled UO2 particles in the respiratory tract of the rat has been determined by track counting in histological sections of lung at various times after a single brief inhalation. The results do not agree with the I.C.R.P. lung model. An alternative model is proposed which is more consistent with the data. PMID- 1236164 TI - Comparative measurements of the shortterm lung clearance and translocation of PuO2 and mixed Na2O + PuO2 aerosols in mice. AB - Mice were exposed to aerosols of either plutonium dioxide alone, or mixed oxides of plutonium and sodium with atomic ratios (Na/Pu) in the range 1.5 to 16. In the case of the mixed oxides, the lung clearance of the plutonium was represented by the sum of two exponentials, of which the short-term component accounted for 27 +/- 8% of the initial lung content with a clearance half-time of 6.0 +/- 2.7 h. These measurements were made over a period of up to 35 days after exposure, and similar measurements for a plutonium dioxide fume indicated that any early clearance phase was obscured by data variability, but was small and probably accounted for less than 10% of the initial lung deposit. The translocation of plutonium to the liver and skeleton by 1 day after exposure represented about 0.05% of the initial lung content in the case of the plutonium dioxide fume, and 7% of the initial lung content for the mixed oxide particulate where the atomic ratio was 16. The results of the animal exposures are discussed briefly with respect to the physical characterization of the particulate by electron microscopy, and in vitro filtration methods. PMID- 1236165 TI - Deposition of inhaled monodisperse aerosols in small rodents. AB - Aerosols of five different sizes varying from about 0.05 micron to 3 micron in aerodynamic equivalent diameter were prepared from spherical aluminosilicate particles (p=2.2 g/cm3) labelled with 169Yb. Fifty hamsters and fifty rats were exposed, while anaesthetized, to these monodisperse aerosols under controlled laboratory conditions to determine quantitatively deposition in the respiratory airways with respect to particle size and volume of air inhaled. Ten animals of each species were exposed to each of the particle sizes. Five animals were exposed simultaneously for 20 min in an inhalation exposure apparatus which provided automatic recordings of respiratory rates and volumes using individual whole-body plethymographs; three were sacrificed immediately after exposure and the remaining two after 20 h had elapsed for radioanalysis of selected tissues to determine deposition quantities and organ distribution. Detailed results are given for the observed deposition fractions for the different aerosols in the various parts of the respiratory tract. The lowest fractional total deposition occurred for particles between 0.5 micron and 1 micron in aerodynamic equivalent diameter. Relative deposition among the various lung lobes showed remarkable consistency with respect to particle size. Based upon the results of morphometric measurements of replica casts of lungs of the two species, interpretations are made relating the observed deposition phenomena to tracheobronchial anatomy. PMID- 1236166 TI - Effect of sulphur dioxide on tracheobronchial clearance at rest and during exercise. AB - Exposure to pollutants may cause injurious effects by impairing mucociliary transport, one of the lung's most important defences. We have studied the effect of sulphur dioxide (SO2) on tracheobronchial clearance (a) at rest and (b) while exercising, by monitoring lung retention of an inhaled radio-aerosol. Clearance was measured in two sets of conditions. 99mTc-albumen aerosol was inhaled as a bolus in late inspiration under controlled conditions to achieve reproducible deposition in large airways. The studies showed: (1) Clearance was highly reproducible in individuals in repeat control studies. (2) Acute exposure to 5 ppm SO2 showed a small transient speeding of mucociliary clearance at rest. (3) (i) Exercise alone speeded clearance significantly (P less than 0.05). (ii) Exercising in 5 ppm SO2 showed a significant speeding of clearance (P less than 0.05) beyond that found in air breathing exercise controls. (4) Pulmonary function tests showed no significant change except a decrease in flow rate (MMEF) in both (a) and (b) studies (P less than 0.01). PMID- 1236167 TI - The effects of selected air pollutants on clearance of titanic oxide particles from the lungs of rats. AB - A procedure utilizing the lung clearance kinetics of titanic oxide (TiO2) particles was used to determine the effects of inhaled sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO x) on particle clearance. The procedure is reproducible and mainly tests clearance mechanisms involving alveolar macrophages and the mucociliary transport system at the alveolobronchial clearance pathway. At low SO2 or NOx exposures enhanced particle clearance was observed. Lung clearance was depressed at 15 and 24 ppm of NO2 after 22 exposures as well as at 20 ppm of SO2 after 11 exposures, and also at 1 ppm of SO2 after 25 exposures. Dose-response curves for the SO2 and NOx exposures showed differences explainable by the routes by which these gases reach the alveolar macrophages. PMID- 1236168 TI - A theory of predicting respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles in man. AB - The respiratory tract deposition of inhaled aerosol particles is due to three principal mechanisms: inertia impaction, Brownian diffusion and gravitational settling. A theory is developed to predict the particle deposition and its distribution in human respiratory tract for any breathing condition. A convection diffusion equation for the particle concentration with a particle-loss term is used to describe the transport and deposition of particles. In this equation, an apparent diffusion coeffcient due to the velocity nonuniformities in the lung is introduced and is found to be the dominant diffusion mechanism. Expressions for deposition by various mechanisms in dead-space airways and alveolated airways are alo derived. The governing equation is solved numerically with Weibel's lung model A. The airway dimensions, however, are scaled to account for the average lung volume. The total depositions in the lung for particle sizes ranging from 0.2 micron to to 3.0 micron are computed for various steady breathing conditions. The results agree well with recent measurements using bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate particles and are less than the previous theoretical predictions. The regional depositions as well as the detailed deposition profiles along the airways are also calculated and discussed. PMID- 1236169 TI - Short-and long-term experimental study of the toxicity of coal-mine dust and of some of its constituents. AB - The toxicity of various minerals (kaolin, muscovite, illite) was compared by tracheal tests on rats to that of reference dusts (quartz, titanium dioxide, coal). These minerals have various degrees of toxicity. Owing to their sometimes very high concentration in the respirable dust, their toxicity should be taken into consideration. In order to define the aggravating role of quartz more accurately, dust inhalation tests were also conducted on rats with coal and a coal-quartz mixture containing about 10% quartz. The difference in the toxicity of these two types of dust which is practically not detectable up to 12 months, then increases progressively after that period. In addition, in rats having inhaled either coal or a quartz-coal mixture for 24 months, there appear tumoral lesions, principally of epidermoid type. PMID- 1236170 TI - Pathogenicity to animals of fine dusts from Ruhr mines. AB - Twelve different groups of fine mine dusts were examined for their in vivo aggressivity by intraperitoneal injection. Twelve months after injection of the dust, quantitative morphometric analysis of the lymph nodes was carried out to determine (a) the extent of the typical quartz reaction, (b) the in vivo cytotoxicity, (c) the size of the lymph nodes. Different fine dusts showed significant variations in parameter (a) and (c). In the second part of the investigation, the results of the lymph node tests and of in vitro cytotoxicity tests, and also the quartz contents of the dusts were fed into a data matrix and subjected to correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The following hypotheses were arrived at to explain the effect of the fine dust in vivo: (1) The amount of fine dust which penetrates into the lymph nodes is dependent on its in vitro cytotoxicity (Factor A). This is not related to the quartz content of the dust and is not inhibited by PVNO. (2) The specific fibrogenic activity of the fine dust within the lymph node is primarily dependent on its quartz content (Factor B). It appears that this effect is inhibited by PVNO. (3) The total fibrogenic activity depends on a combination of Factor A and B. PMID- 1236171 TI - The therapeutic action of aluminium compounds on the development of experimental lesions produced by pure quartz or mixed dust. AB - The prophylactic and curative effect of aluminium salts administered as aerosols on the development of lung lesions caused by the dust inhalation of quartz, two coal-quartz mixtures with 17% and 8% silica, respectively, and pure coal, was studied experimentally on rats. It appears that the preventive treatment is very efficient either in the case of pure quartz or coal-quartz mixtures. The curation treatment with regard to pure quartz leads to constant lung weight and reduced rate of collagen formation; the effect is the more evident as the silica content of the dust is higher and becomes nil with pure coal. The effectiveness is slightly increased when aerosols at higher concentrations are used, but the difference is not proportional to the dose. Under these experimental conditions, the aerosols used showed no toxicity. PMID- 1236172 TI - The action of quartz in the presence of iron hydroxides in the human lung. AB - In 1932 Kettle reported that the fibrogenic action of quartz particles is inhibited when they are coated with iron. Many authors subsequently confirmed this finding. Reif et al., who studied the effect of different iron-ore mine dusts, showed that, like aluminium hydroxide, iron hydroxide has a strong effect in inhibiting the fibrogenic action due to quartz. The findings of this paper, based on an X-ray survey of a group of 7735 iron ore miners, on autopsy examinations, tissue dust analysis and physiological examinations, confirm the view that FeO(OH) is a most powerful inhibiting substance. PMID- 1236173 TI - Particle deposition in systems of repeatedly bifurcating tubes. AB - Deposition of half-micron particles from steady inspiratory flows was measured in the daughter branches of the second bifurcations in a symmetric airway model consisting of two successive generations of bifurcation. Two different configurations were studied: (1) both bifurcations in the same plane and (2) the second bifurcation normal to the plane of the first. The results indicate that the deposition in the daughter branches in configuration (2) is relatively uniform, while that in configuration (1) has a distinct second deposition hot spot, in addition to the one at the carinal ridge. The deposition velocities in the branch which has secondary flows in the opposite sense to those in its parent branch are about 50% lower than those in other types of branches. The deposition patterns are consistent with the observed flow profiles in these tubes. PMID- 1236174 TI - Inertial deposition of particles in human branching airways. AB - This paper concerns the inertial deposition of aerosol particles in models of human branching airways. Homogeneous monodisperse aerosols of known characteristics were generated using a spinning disc atomizer. These were paused through simple bend systems of differing geometries, and the fractional deposition measured by a fluorimetric technique. The parameter characterizing 50 per cent deposition in the bend was found to agree with that predicted theoretically. Deposition in five models of bifurcating airways having geometries generally compatible with existing anatomical data was studied using essentially the same experimental procedure. The magnitude of the inertial deposit was measured and the overall effect of fluid-flow rate, particle size, branching angle and size of model determined. The results were compared with exsting theoretical estimates of impaction in a bifurcating airway. PMID- 1236175 TI - The influence of fibre shape in lung deposition-mathematical estimates. AB - Inhaled fibres deposit by sedimentation, diffusion, impaction, and interception in airways of the respiratory system. Long straight fibres may exhibit periodic motiion with ordered orientation in those airways having laminar flow. We assume that irregular fibres are randomly oriented in airways. Mathematical models based on respiratory system architecture, respiratory airflow, and mathematical expressions for deposition mechanisms have been developed to predict deposition in respiratory compartments of fibres in ordered orientation and of various fibre confirgurations in random orientations. The size and shape characteristics of chamber aerosols generated with U.I.C.C. asbestos specimens have been determined. Combinations of the chamber aerosol data with mathematical estimates of deposition suggest that fibre shape as well as size influences the magnitude of deposition in pulmonary spaces. For size distributions such as those of the U.I.C.C. asbestos chamber aerosols, the mathematical models predict pulmonary spaces deposition for straight fibres in ordered orientation about twice as great as for irregular fibres in random orientation. PMID- 1236176 TI - The human head as a dust sampler. AB - A life-size model human head and shoulders was exposed in a wind tunnel to winds between 0.75 and 2.75 ms/s and particles up to 30 micron aerodynamic diameter, and the weight of material entering the nose and mouth at various breathing rates was compared with that caught by isokinetic samplers. When aspirated at a constant rate, the head behaved like a blunt sampler, showing a ten-fold variation in entry efficiency for different windspeeds and directions, and a two fold variation even at 5 micron. Detailed facial structure had little effect. The efficiencies for various breathing patterns and minute volumes were calculated, and when averages were taken for all wind directions, to simulate a worker randomly oriented to the wind, the efficiencies lay within a fairly small range, and were all substantially less than 100%. "Total" dust standards and samplers should take account of these efficiency curves. PMID- 1236178 TI - Competition, cooperation, and the patient. PMID- 1236177 TI - Racetrack medicine. PMID- 1236179 TI - Jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity. Long-term follow up of 200 cases. PMID- 1236181 TI - CME by self-assessment. PMID- 1236180 TI - Is psychiatry an endangered species? PMID- 1236182 TI - The busy signal: survey, starset and a problem-solving suggestion. PMID- 1236183 TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of training in a family practice residency program. PMID- 1236184 TI - Management of patients with head injuries. PMID- 1236185 TI - Assessment of disability following severe head injury. PMID- 1236186 TI - Closed circuit television in assessment of disability following severe head injury. PMID- 1236187 TI - Walking aid for young paraplegics. PMID- 1236188 TI - Interference to cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 1236189 TI - Physiotherapy in a group medical practice. PMID- 1236190 TI - [Research in developing countries]. PMID- 1236191 TI - [Diaphragmatic rupture in thoracicabdominal blunt traumatisms]. AB - The authors review the case histories in twenty patients with traumatic rupture of the diaphragm seen and surgically treated during the last eight years at the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross. Automobile accidents were the most frequent cause and the diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical history and X-ray examinations. In some patients the lesion is not incapacitating and may remain unrecognized for many years. The left hemidiaphragm is more frequently involved. The usual surgical approach employed was, first, anterior thoracic; second, abdominal-thoracic and third; abdominal. Among the secondary thoracic and abdominal lesions those affecting the liver were the most frequent. The stomach was the organ which most frequently had to be resected. Eight patients died and in seven the cause of death could be attributed to the secondary lesions. PMID- 1236192 TI - [Radiological aspects of gastric postfundoplication Nissen II type]. PMID- 1236195 TI - [The future of gastroenterology]. PMID- 1236193 TI - [Morphological study of the hepatocyte in cirrhotic patients treated with phenobarbital]. AB - The authors report on a comparative study of light and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of tissue obtained in 21 percutaneous liver biopsies in patients known to have cirrhosis. Using light microscopy twelve patients were ascertained to have post-necrotic cirrhosis and twelve had Laennec's cirrhosis. All of these patients were given phenobarbital, 65 mg. every twelve hours, during twenty-one days. A control group of five patients received placebos. With electron microscopic methods, in all of the cirrhotic patients both before and after treatment with phenobarbital, the authors observed bands of fibrous tissue made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts which originate in the portal spaces and in the Kupffer cells. This makes up the mesenchymal reaction to the liver cell damage, which in the long run proves to be more important than liver cell regeneration. Phenobarbital treatment resulted in hyperplasia of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells. The authors agree with other authors that this is related to metabolic activity of enzymes acting on extraneous drugs and chemical substances. PMID- 1236194 TI - [Notes in clinical research XX median values]. PMID- 1236196 TI - [Variability of acid gastric secretion in relation to secretory rate]. PMID- 1236197 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in hiatal hernia. The role of gastric juice and gastrin secretions]. PMID- 1236198 TI - [Circulating gastrin in peptic ulcer and cancer of the stomach. Correlation with gastric chemistry]. PMID- 1236199 TI - [Treatment of hiatal hernia and its complications]. PMID- 1236201 TI - [Rubella as a health problem]. PMID- 1236200 TI - [Integral minilaparotomy procedure for the diagnosis of various hepatobiliary diseases]. PMID- 1236202 TI - [Current health problems of meningococcal infections]. PMID- 1236203 TI - [Results of a seroepidemiological survey on brucellosis]. PMID- 1236204 TI - [Indixes of the quality of the environment]. PMID- 1236205 TI - [Results of a survey on leptospirosis of rice fields workers]. PMID- 1236207 TI - [Planning the measures to be taken for the prevention of oral and dental diseases in preventive and health services]. PMID- 1236206 TI - [Hemorrhage and thrombosis in infections]. PMID- 1236208 TI - [Social and health aspects of lactation in Galicia]. PMID- 1236209 TI - Mass sickle cell screening: methods, malfactors, modifications. PMID- 1236211 TI - Communicable diseases: a perspective. PMID- 1236210 TI - Psychosurgery: viewpoint of a black neurosurgeon. PMID- 1236216 TI - Communicable diseases: rubella. PMID- 1236218 TI - [Para-sympathetic innervation of the heart]. PMID- 1236219 TI - [Electroencephalography: concept of maturation]. PMID- 1236220 TI - [Gelatin inclusions. Advantages of its use in the study of cell populations]. PMID- 1236221 TI - [Functional and structural synthesis of an organ. Cellular diversity]. PMID- 1236222 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina]. PMID- 1236223 TI - [Abscessed myocardial infarct. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 1236224 TI - [Muscular pathology]. PMID- 1236225 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study on endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in rat liver sinusoids. PMID- 1236227 TI - A scanning and transmission electron microscopic observation of the fourth ventricular floor in the mouse. PMID- 1236226 TI - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of zymogen granules of mouse pancreas using fresh air dried tissue spread. AB - Electron microscopy of fresh air dried pancreas spreads revealed a well preserved ultrastructure of pancreatic exocrine cells. The zymogen granules were identified as homogenously electron dense round bodies of approximately 300 nm in diameter, the same as were seen in fresh frozen dried sections. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of zymogen granules and spots 200 nm distant from the granules used as controls disclosed peaks for chlorine, potassium and sulfur in all of five granules examined and in three of them, phosphorus was found in addition to the above elements. The results seem to suggest that pancreatic juice may be contributed from the electrolyte content of secretory granules in contrast to the general assumption that enzymes and electrolytes are separately excreted in pancreatic juice. PMID- 1236228 TI - The effect of hypercapnia on heat production and body temperature in the new-born guinea pig. PMID- 1236229 TI - Subcellular distribution of phospholipids in different types of skeletal muscle. AB - Subcellular distribution of choline and non-choline phosphatides has been studied in tetanic (fast-twitch) and tonic (slow-twitch) muscles of rabbits. The choline phosphatide content of the subcellular fraction including the sarcolemma was greater in the tetanic than in the tonic muscle. On the other hand, the choline phosphatide content of the mitochondria-free sarcoplasmic fraction was greater in the tonic than in the tetanic muscle. A greater amount of non-choline phosphatide was found in each subcellular fraction of the tonic muscle as compared with those of the tetanic one. There was more fatty aldehyde in the non-choline phosphatides of each subcellular fraction of the tetanic muscle, than in those of the tonic one, of this type being much smaller in the tetanic muscle. There is not such an expressed difference in the fatty aldehyde contents of choline phosphatides of the subcellular fractions between the two kinds of muscle. PMID- 1236230 TI - Effect of denervation on the phospholipid content in subcellular fractions of tonic and tetanic muscles. AB - Four weeks after denervation, various changes were observed in the phospholipid composition of the sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic fractions of skeletal muscles with different functions. Neurotomy also affected the innervated contralateral muscles and produced opposite changes in the phospholipid content of subcellular fractions. The increase in the amount of phospholipids in the sarcolemmal fractions of the denervated muscles was only apparent. The difference between the denervated and contralateral muscles was also due to the decrease of phospholipids in the contralateral muscles. These changes were more pronounced in the tetanic (fast-twitch) than in the tonic (slow-twitch) muscles. In the sarcoplasmic fraction of the denervated tetanic muscle an increase, while in that of the tonic one a slight decrease of phospholipids appeared. In contrast, the phospholipid content in the sarcoplasmic fractions of contralateral muscles did not decrease, while it increased slightly in the tonic muscle. The amount of plasmalogens (fatty aldehyde: lipid phosphorus ratio) decreased only in the subcellular fractions of the denervated muscles while there was no change in those of the contralateral muscles. PMID- 1236231 TI - Specific baroreceptor control of vertebral and cardiac sympathetic activity. AB - The effect of bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) on the activity of the vertebral and cardiac sympathetic efferent nerves was studied in gallamine-immobilized and artificially ventilated cats under chloralose-urethane anaesthesia. Electrical activity of the vertebral and cardiac nerves (VNA and CNA), their integram, arterial blood pressure and respiration were recorded. BCO led to an increase in VNA persisting throughout the occlusion period, while merely a transient increase took place in CNA. When blood pressure was kept at a constant level or the depressor nerves was transected, CNA responded to BCO with a lasting increase. Electrical stimulation of the central stump of the left depressor nerve inhibited CNA much more than VNA. It is assumed that the selective inhibition of CNA, after a transient increase, arises as a consequence of a rise in blood pressure, i.e. of consecutive aortic baroreceptor excitation. PMID- 1236232 TI - The immunology of asbestosis. AB - Forty-one employees with varying degrees of asbestosis have been tested for any alteration in the immunological profile. Of these, twenty-two employees showed evidence of pleural thickening and nineteen parenchymal asbestotic fibrosis. Those employees showing pleural thickening gave a strong reaction to different skin tests and a few of those with a parenchymal asbestotic fibrosis showed depressed cutaneous reactivity. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were present in the sera of 60% of those with pleural thickening and 94% of those with parenchymal asbestosis. An immunological screening schedule is suggested for those employees who show pleural thickening. PMID- 1236233 TI - Topographic distribution of asbestos fibres in human lung in relation to occupational and non-occupational exposure. AB - A topographic study of asbestos fibre content of lung and pleura of diversely exposed cases has been carried out. For heavily exposed cases with lung fibrosis, this study has stressed the distinctive behaviour of the peripheral lower lobe in the retention of asbestos fibres in the lung. In these areas were found the smallest asbestos concentrations but the largest fibres. For cases without lung fibrosis, the results clearly demonstrated an accumulation of asbestos fibres, especially of chrysotile type, in peripheral areas. These findings are to be related to the incidence of pleural mesothelioma associated with moderate or low exposure. The small variation of fibre concentration in the pleural plaques of diversely exposed subjects is pointed out. PMID- 1236234 TI - The biological effect of asbestos and asbestos cement products. AB - The importance of the physical characteristics, rather than the chemical composition of fibres, in relation to their alveolar deposition and biological effects is stressed. For alveolar deposition in the aerodynamic properties- depending on the fibres diameter--are decisive, whereas in the interaction between macrophages and fibres, fibre length is the decisive factor for cytotoxicity. Probably fibre length could, inter alia, be responsible for a pathogenic effect around the lung tissue. The results from measurements of the cytotoxicity of the UICC standard asbestos dusts and pure cement dust are presented and discussed. PMID- 1236235 TI - The influence of varying lengths of glass and asbestos fibres on tissue response in guinea pigs. AB - Intratracheal injection of samples of naturally occurring and man-made mineral fibres into guinea pigs showed that while long fibre samples produced marked fibrosis, short fibre specimens produced only a macrophage reaction. In most cases the long fibre samples were administered in smaller doses than the short. The samples tested were crocidolite asbestos, a synthetic fluoramphibole and two specimens of glass fibre with different mean diameters. With all the minerals tested some short fibres, but not long fibres, were transported to the hilar lymph nodes. In some instances the numbers of short fibres found in these nodes appeared to be much higher than would be expected from the percentage of short fibres in the original sample, and it is suggested that this may be due to the breakdown of long fibres within the lung. PMID- 1236236 TI - Predominance of histocompatibility antigens W18 and HL-A1 in miners resistant to complicated coalworkers pneumoconiosis. PMID- 1236237 TI - Immunological studies of experimental coalworkers' pneumoconiosis. AB - A comparative immunological and microbiological study of experimental coalworkers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) was made in rats and mice subjected to long term exposures of coal-mine dust aerosols. Such aerosols were realistically prepared at a concentration equal to the maximal level of respirable dust permitted by Federal standards and animals were exposed for lengths of time equal to human work contact. Among the factors studied were the production of IgA and lung reactive antibody, lung microflora and changes in pulmonary clearance. Additional experiments were concerned with the effects of passively administered lung antibody on the pulmonary clearance. It was found that both species responded immunologically in a similar manner to humans with CWP in that IgA levels were significantly elevated and lung reactive antibodies were stimulated. Coal-mine dust inhalation had little effect on the pulmonary inactivation of inhaled bacteria, but the concomitant occurrence of passively administered lung reactive antibody seemed to enhance the inactivation. PMID- 1236238 TI - Investigation of alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to coal dust. AB - Rats were exposed to the inhalation of coal dust from either Utah (low prevalence coalworkers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)) or Pennsylvania (high prevalence CWP). Rats were sacrificed, the lungs removed and lavaged to obtain free cells. The number of alveolar macrophages recovered from rats inhaling these two coal dusts (exposures up to 4 months) was not remarkably different from the number recovered from rats inhaling filtered room air. This is in contrast to results obtained after intratracheal intubation of the dust. The capacity of the lavaged cells to phagocytize and kill bacteria decreased after exposure to either dust. The activity of certain enzymes also decreased. PMID- 1236239 TI - The effect of increased particles on the endocytosis of radiocolloids by pulmonary macrophages in vivo: competitive and toxic effects. AB - We have developed a technique for measuring the rate of particle ingestion by pulmonary macrophages in vivo. This technique has been used to examine the impact of pre-exposure to ferric oxide, colloidal carbon, and coal dust on the endocytosis of a test particle, colloidal gold. Our technique for estimating endocytosis is as follows: Syrian golden hamsters received intratracheal instillations (0.15 cm3/100 g body weight) of a suspension of colloidal 198Au (approximately 30 nm diameter). Two hours following instillation, each hamster was sacrificed and its trachea cannulated. The lungs were lavaged 12 times with saline solutions, and the number of cells and gold particles in each wash determined. Analysis of the washout curves permits the calculation of the fraction, gamma, of the colloidal particles which has been ingested at a time, t. This method was then used to measure the influence of inhaled or intratracheally instilled particles on the endocytosis of the gold particles. Hamsters breathed ferric oxide aerosol spontaneously or were given intratracheal instillations of colloidal carbon or coal dust. Immediately following the exposure, the ability of the macrophages to ingest a test particle was assayed by the technique described above. In all instances, colloidal gold endocytosis measured at 2 h was significantly depressed. However, when challenged by the gold colloid 24 h after exposure to the inhaled or instilled particles, only the coal dust group exhibited depressed endocytosis. We conclude that all dusts studied competitively inhibit endocytosis, but only some exhibit a toxic effect on macrophage function. PMID- 1236240 TI - Polonium-210: lead-210 ratios as an index of residence times of insoluble particles from cigarette smoke in bronchial epithelium. AB - Lead-210 and its granddaughter polonium-210 are both natural constituents of cigarette smoke, the 210Pb being enriched in insoluble particles derived from sintered tobacco trichome tips. These particles are stripped of the polonium on combustion, and thus the polonium begins growth at the time of inhalation. Polonium-210 is found in bronchial tissues of smokers, and evidence shows that 210Pb is present at these sites in excess of the polonium. On the assumption that all polonium arises from ingrowth from the insoluble particles, one may calculate from the polonium-lead ratio the mean residence time of these particles. The half life of polonium (138 days) is almost ideal for this purpose, and its alpha radiation makes measurements of very low concentrations possible. This technique is the first available to assess residence time for inhaled particles in the bronchial epithelium, an important datum because of the vulnerability of bronchial tissues to disease. Measurements from three smokers and two non-smokers show that 210Pb from natural aerosols also is concentrated at bronchial bifurcations, but little 210Pb is associated with this soluble lead. This fact makes estimates of residence time in bronchial epithelium of smokers (3-5 months in these preliminary data) likely to be low. PMID- 1236241 TI - Lung response to localized irradiation from plutonium microspheres. AB - Uniform spherical 10-micrometer diameter particles of ZrO2 ceramic, containing various concentrations of PuO2, have been injected into the jugular vein of Syrian hamsters with subsequent permanent lodgement in the lung capillaries. The number of particles injected has varied from 2000 to 2 000 000 and the specific activity has been from 0.16 to 59 pCi/sphere so that lung burdens range from 0.2 to 700 nCi. To date, approximately 3000 hamsters have been committed to the experiment and two-thirds have died--the expected rate for normal animals. Little biological damage has been observed, and only five primary lung tumours have been found that may be due to radiation delivered to the lung. To provide a comparison to more uniform radiation, soluble polonium has also been instilled intratracheally. Results from the microspheres suggest that localized lung irradiation alone is not sufficient cause for tumour induction and is much less hazardous than diffuse exposure. PMID- 1236242 TI - Chemical and physical properties of British talc powders. AB - An examination of bulk talc samples imported into Great Britain has shown that they are extremely variable in their talc mineral content. Major contaminating minerals present with the talc are chlorite, carbonates and quartz. The chemistry of samples examined varied with their mineralogical content which also accounted for observed differences in particle morphology. Tremolite fibres were found in three samples, one of which contained the mineral as a major phase. No other varieties of asbestos were detected. PMID- 1236243 TI - Animal experiments with talc. AB - Italian talc has been tested on rats using three routes, intra-pleural inoculation, inhalation and ingestion. Groups exposed to superfine chrysotile asbestos and untreated controls were included for comparison. In all the experiments animals were allowed to live out their lives. The intra-pleural inoculation of talc produced no mesotheliomas in contrast to eighteen produced by the chrysotile asbestos. After ingestion, one leiomyosarcoma occurred with Italian talc and one with chrysotile asbestos. Whether these tumours are a consequence of the feeding is uncertain. The inhalation studies demonstrated that with equal dosage, talc can produce a similar amount of fibrosis as asbestos. However, the chrysotile exposed rats developed lung adenomas, adenomatosis and an adenocarcinoma, whereas the only lung tumour seen in animals exposed to talc was a small adenoma, which may have been an incidental finding. PMID- 1236244 TI - Talc--recent epidemiological studies. PMID- 1236245 TI - Results of epidemiologicalm mineralogical and cytotoxicological studies on the pathogenicity of coal-mine custs. AB - Risks of developing abnormalities on chest X-rays differ widely between collieries in the Ruhr, despite comparable dust exposures. Simple pneumoconiosis hazard indices have been determined for thirteen collieries, taking into consideration variations in miners' individual cumulative dust exposures, their ages at start of dust exposure, the residence time of dust in their lungs, and the mineral content of the dust. Fine dust samples were taken in five collieries at places selected as representative of seams worked during the past 20 years. They were used for mineralogical and physical analyses and for cell and animal studies. Cytotoxicity of dusts with comparable composition increased with geological age and rank of coal seams. This finding is consistent with results from epidemiological studies. PMID- 1236246 TI - Chronic obstructive lung disease in gold miners. AB - A survey has been made of 2209 gold miners in the Republic of South Africa. The result showed that there is a significant dose-response relationship between dust inhaled and both chronic bronchitis and airways obstruction. This is found in smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. The effect of smoking is more potent than that of dust but there does not appear to be a dose-response relationship in regard to smoking. The effect of smoking differs from the effect of dust in that ex-smokers show less bronchitis and less airways obstruction than smokers, but ex miners do not show a similar advantage over working miners. PMID- 1236247 TI - Factors influencing expiratory flow rates in coal miners. PMID- 1236248 TI - Smoking and coalworkers' simple pneumoconiosis. AB - The attack rate of simple pneumoconiosis in 2723 British coal miners is considered in relation to the men's dust exposures and smoking habits. A complementary analysis is presented, using less precise radiological data, of prevalence and attack rates in an independent group of miners. One of the analyses suggests that, at high dust exposures, smoking may be associated with an increased risk of developing pneumoconiosis: but the most sensitive statistical test used reveals that the apparent effect might well be due to change factors (P not less than 0.09). The possibility is investigated that the net observed effect is the resultant of conflicting tendencies in sub-groups characterized by their responses to questions on phlegm production. There is no evidence to support this hypothesis. It is concluded that the main variable determining the development of simple pneumoconiosis is exposure to airborne dust, and that this effect is not modified appreciably by whether or not coal miners smoke. PMID- 1236249 TI - Possible synergism of exposure to airborne manganese and smoking habit in occurrence of respiratory symptoms. AB - The possible combined action of manganese exposure and smoking on the rate of respiratory symptoms was studied in three groups of male workers at various levels of exposure to manganese: occupational exposure (369 workers), relatively high ambient exposure (190 workers) and low ambient exposure (204 workers). The study was carried out by means of the standard epidemiological method. Between non-smokers in the different groups there was no difference in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. In smokers the prevalence was significantly higher in workers occupationally exposed to manganese than in those with a low ambient exposure. The tendency of the prevalence of respiratory symptoms to increase with the extent of the smoking habit was also most pronounced in the groups of occupationally exposed workers. Since other relevant factors under control in the compared groups were more or less uniform, the results indicate that managanese exposure and smoking might have a possible synergistic effect on the occurrence and rate of respiratory symptoms. PMID- 1236250 TI - Physiological changes in asbestos pleural disease. AB - This paper reports the findings of a study of lung function at rest and during progressive sub-maximal exercise in a group of men with varying degrees of asbestos-related pleural abnormality. The results show that pulmonary fibrosis is accompanied by more adverse functional change than pleural abnormality, diffuse pleural thickening is associated with more functional abnormality than non calcified pleural plaques, and pleural calcification is not associated with significant functional defects. The relationship between lung function and asbestos exposure in this selected group is discussed. It is also suggested that VE1-0 is as useful an index of the ventilatory cost of exercise as VE1.5. PMID- 1236251 TI - Differences in lung effects resulting from chrysotile and crocidolite exposure. AB - Crocidolite asbestos exposure may carry a greater risk for the development of lung and pleural tumours than chrysotile exposure, although differences in regard to lung fibrosis have not previously been demonstrated. Clinical, radiographic and physiological indicators of lung disease were related to qualitative and quantitative estimates of past total dust exposure in two groups of workers who had spent 20 to 30 years in the asbestos cement industry. One group had exposure to chrysotile, silica and crocidolite in the pipe-making area; the other group had no crocidolite exposure. Crocidolite exposure was related to the prevalence of small irregular opacities and pleural thickening but not to small rounded opacities. The "crocidolite" group had significantly small lung volumes, lower forced expiratory flows, and reduced pulmonary diffusion. Finger clubbing was the only clinical fineing significantly more prevalent in the crocidolite-exposed workers. It is suggested that crocidolite exposure has a greater fibrogenic effect on the lungs than a similar total exposure to chrysotile asbestos. PMID- 1236252 TI - Radiological changes over 20 years in relation to chrysotile exposure in Quebec. AB - Radiological changes in 267 male Quebec chrysotile mine and mill workers, each with five chest films spanning an average of 20 years, were related to age, smoking habit, mining area, duration of employment and average dust concentration before and between films. (1) Abnormality in the earliest film was related mainly to the time since first employment. (2) In 45 (30%) of the 150 men completely normal at earliest film, some radiological abnormality developed during the period of observation: incidence was weakly related to age; in Asbestos, the risk of developing small opacities was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. (3) There was an irregular pattern of correlation, more evident in Thetford Mines than in Asbestos, between radiological progression and various stimulus variables. That associations between radiological responses and measures of asbestos exposure were, as always, weak, despite powerful methodology, indicates that effects are obscured by other factors (including susceptibility) uncorrelated with exposure. PMID- 1236253 TI - [Treatment of amebic hepatic abscess with tinidazole]. AB - The patients reviewed in this study are thirty individuals with acute amoebic hepatic abscess. They were given tinidazol, two grams a day in one dose, for three days, with the object of ascertaining if this would be adequate treatment and without important side effects. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by X rays of the thoraz and abdomen, laboratory studies and liver scans. This latter as well as the laboratory tests were repeated at 10 and 20 days. Several of the patients were considered to be gravely ill. In 43% of the patients there was hepatomegaly grade II or II, in 30% there was jaundice, in 64% the abscess was very large and in 30% there were several abscesses. In keeping with the guide lines previously agreed on, 28 patients were cured, or that is 93%. There were no important side effects. PMID- 1236254 TI - [Clinical research]. PMID- 1236255 TI - [Peptic ulcer in adolescents]. AB - The author reviews three cases of adolescents who had peptic ulcer of the duodenum and at the same time were known to be not content at school. These emotional problems can be explained by a lack of understanding on the part of the parents insofar as their children's conduct is concerned and one result is a functional dependency. Methods which would tend to alter this mother-son dependency are recommended. PMID- 1236256 TI - [Usefulness of endoscopic cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 1236257 TI - [Lithiasis of hepato-cystic-choledochal confluence. Surgical treatment]. AB - The author reviews the case histories of ten patients who had gallstones at the confluence of the cystic and common bile ducts. These were found within a total group of 1,388 patients operated on at the Hospital La Raza between 1971 and 1973 for biliary tract and gallbladder disease. In all of these cases a reconstruction of the common bile duct over a T catheter and extending to the cystic duct was carried out. The usual technique for cholecystectomy could not be used. The satisfactory results were due to the careful dissection of the area, adequate irrigation of the small cystic duct segment used for the reconstruction and to cholangiographic control carried out during surgery. Even though this type of problem in infrequent (0.7%) among biliary tree digestive tract fistulas, we must keep it in mind because it may bring about iatrogenic lesions of the biliary tree which may be fatal. In this small series there were no deaths and the postoperative evolution was satisfactory. PMID- 1236258 TI - The research of transduodenal pancreatiscopy [proceedings]. PMID- 1236259 TI - The clincial significance of positive tests for the hepatitis B antibody in asymptomatic british blood donors [proceedings]. PMID- 1236261 TI - Primary liver tumors. A review of 100 cases [proceedings]. PMID- 1236260 TI - [Clinical and anatomical evolution of viral hepatitis in children (proceeding)]. PMID- 1236262 TI - Hepatosplenic granulomatosis of unknown origin [proceedings]. PMID- 1236263 TI - Biliary tract disease and sickle-cell anemia in Accra E.Q [proceedings]. PMID- 1236264 TI - Comparison of angiographic and scintigraphic results in the diagnosis of various pancreatic diseases [proceedings]. PMID- 1236265 TI - Glucagon inhibition of secretion stimulated pancreatic secretion in health and disease [proceedings]. PMID- 1236266 TI - Diagnostic value of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and of pancreatic exocrine function for the diagnosis of pancreatic disease [proceedings]. PMID- 1236268 TI - [Ultrastructural study of cholesterolosis in the human gallbladder (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236267 TI - Estimation of portal-systemic shunting by 99Tcm-labeled microspheres of albumin in cirrhotic patients [proceedings]. PMID- 1236269 TI - Current trends in the indications and results of radical pancreatoduodenectomy performed to treat malignant neoplasms [proceedings]. PMID- 1236270 TI - [50 cases of acute pancreatitis. Anatomoclinical correlation (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236271 TI - Studies on the inhibition of liver fibrosis. Effect of elastase on the liver fibrosis of rats due to carbon tetrachloride [proceedings]. PMID- 1236272 TI - Treatment of Reye's syndrome by asanguineous hypothermic total body perfusion (TBW) [proceedings]. PMID- 1236273 TI - Diagnostic value of endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography for carcinoma of the pancreas [proceedings]. PMID- 1236274 TI - Comparison of pancreatic function after truncular vagotomy and two-thrid gastric resection [proceedings]. PMID- 1236275 TI - Amylasaemai, amylasuria and secrection of pancreatic enzymes in man. Response following injection of caerulein as diagnostic test of chronic pancreatics [proceedings]. PMID- 1236276 TI - [Value of cytology in the diagnosis of pancreatic and bile duct neoplasms]. PMID- 1236277 TI - The exocrine pancreatic function before and after selective vagotomy of the parietal cell mass preserving innervation of the undrained antrum [proceedings]. PMID- 1236278 TI - [Combined use of propanidide and diazepam in minor obstetrical and gynecological surgery]. PMID- 1236279 TI - [Transaminases in the third trimester of pregnancy in toxemias]. PMID- 1236280 TI - [Therapeutic use of percelioscopic aspiration of the contents of ovarian cysts]. PMID- 1236282 TI - [What is the position of minimal osteosynthesis in current surgery of the limbs?]. PMID- 1236281 TI - [Case of the Mayer-Rokitanski-Kuster syndrome]. PMID- 1236283 TI - [Preliminary studies on the ultrastructure of osteoid osteoma]. AB - The ultra-structural appearance of osteoid osteoma is described. Significant features are; a well-developed endocytoplasmic reticulum, dilated cisterns in the cytoplasm of the osteroblasts, mineralized mitochondria from the cytoplasm of the osteoblasts and crystalline agglomerates on the vesicles rather than on the collagen network. The increased bone forming activity of the tissues of the osteoid osteoma is confirmed by the appearance of the osteoblastic cytoplasm. The presence of needle-like endomitochondrial crystals are further proof of enhanced osteoblastic function of the osteoid osteoma. Granular crystals appear when degenerative processes take place. PMID- 1236284 TI - [The foot in leprosy]. AB - The more frequently occurring bone lesions of leprosy of the foot are described with illustrations from patients with leprosy seen some years previously in Sardinia. These cases are classified into groups depending on the presence of osteoporosis, osteitis, lesions with predominantly inflammatory manifestations, those with a spindle-shaped appearance and lastly those with pathological fractures. The anatomical relationship between cutaneous and bone lesions is outlined. PMID- 1236285 TI - [Surgical treatment of epiphysiolysis of the hip]. AB - Surgical treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is discussed. Results of 30 hip procedures performed in 26 patients, followed up for a variable period from 8 months to 8 years after the first visit, are reported. The importance of early diagnosis is stressed. Surgery is recommended as the only suitable treatment. It aims to reduce and re-form the femoral head in acute cases and to stabilize and correct the displacement in the less rapidly progressive forms. Cases were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of displacement (less than 30 degrees, from 30 degrees to 45 degrees and greater than 45 degrees). Fixation in situ was carried out in the first group and Imhauser's three dimensional intertrochanteric osteotomy and osteotomy of the head and neck of the femur in the second and third group respectively. Good results were obtained in 23 (76.6%). In the other 7 cases (23.4%) the outcome was unsatisfactory. PMID- 1236286 TI - [Immediate surgical treatment of supracondylar fractures of the elbow in childhood]. AB - The results of surgical treatment, in children, of 10 supracondylar factures of the humerus, complicated by vascular and neurological disturbances were so satisfactory that open reduction is proposed for all those cases with severe lesions and oedema requiring a prolonged period of continuous trans-skeletal traction even without neurological and vascular problems. PMID- 1236287 TI - [Primary surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. AB - After discussing some technical aspects of the surgical treatment of the congenital luxation of the hip, the Author reports on 148 of his own cases operated over a period of 8 years. He then goes on to evaluate the follow up also with regard to the age when treated and to describe the more unsuccessful cases. Also in the light of bibliographical data, he then considers the different indications for the treatment of the congenital luxation of the hip, pointing out in his conclusions that among the many reasons that have made him a firm upholder of the primary surgical treatment of the congenital luxation of the hip is the very small percentage of postreductive osteocondrosis which, as is known, often gives rise to serious, irrevocable invalidation. PMID- 1236288 TI - [Tibial osteotomy in the treatment of static gonarthrosis]. AB - Results of 35 cases of subcondylar tibial osteotomy performed for static osteo arthritis of the knee from 1072-75 are reported. The surgical procedure consists of an oblique osteotomy followed by the removal of a wedge of bone with an internal or external base depending on the presence of "genu valgum" or "genu varum" respectively. Bone ends are united by screws. Major advantages of this operation are solid bony union of the osteotomy sections by screws and simplicity of execution. PMID- 1236289 TI - [Hospital design: technical organizational devices and solutions facilitating the orthopedic traumatologic patient]. AB - Taking the institution of a new Hospital as a hint, the author underlines the need for the newly realized Hospitals to be planned, equipped and organized in a rational way so that they may offer a "quality leap" in the sanitary assistance raising it to the levels already reached in other Countries. For this purpose some planning devices and technical innovations are to be suggested (in services of medical interest) which aim at making the stay in hospital of an orthopedic traumatologic patient more advantageous. Next to the constructive solutions, passive, it is necessary to underline the utility of the stay in hospital to become "active". With this term the author means both the way of conceiving the stay in hospital, characterized by the so-called "bed physical exercises", organized by a "ward physioterapist", and a real "active" participation of a patient in the life of the ward in its daily aspects even the smallest ones. PMID- 1236290 TI - [Behavior of articular cartilage under stress]. AB - The functional principles are described of an electromechanical method for the in vitro determination of microscopic deformities of the articular cartilage under stress. A first series of experiments of human and bovine cartilage obtained from different localizations and by different methods are described. The behaviour of the cartilage can be adequately assessed by means of this test which could be used to devise a mathematic model for the analogic simulation of tissue. By this method, together with other histological and physico-chemical investigations, a more complete formulation of the structure of cartilage is proposed. PMID- 1236291 TI - [Thompson's endoprosthesis in the treatment of recent fractures of the femoral neck. Long-term results]. AB - This paper provides a long-term review of 38 elderly patients with fracture of the neck of the femur. They had been discharged well and ambulant after application of Thompson's intra-articular prosthesis. Death supervened in 5 within an interval of 3-6 years after the operation. Twenty-six complained of pain in the joint. Another three had reduced mobility from ossification around the prosthesis. It is concluded that the insertion of an intra-articular prosthesis for fractures of the femoral neck does not give good long-term results and is not the ideal treatment for this injury in elderly patients. PMID- 1236292 TI - [Dysplasia of the hip and pre- and postnatal posture]. AB - Recent publications stress the importance of exogenous or environmental factors in the aetiology and pathogenesis of dysplasia of the hip. For this reason ante- and post-natal postures were studied in detail especially intra-uterine malposition and the so-called "forced" or "adaptation decubitus" (Zwangshaltung, Schragseite-Lage Syndrome, Congenital pelvic obliquity). Even with the data obtained from very early (neonatal) diagnosis no distinction can as yet be made between dysplasic alterations of the hip which are sometimes associated with the above-mentioned anomalies and true congenital dysplasia. Furthermore, intra uterine malposition and consequent breech presentation would seem to be a result rather than the cause of congenital dysplasia which only rarely occurs without underlying primary hip-joint pathology. PMID- 1236293 TI - [Medical gymnastics in "surgical scoliosis"]. AB - After simple premises on scoliosis and on physiotherapy, we design the evolution of the illness in: physiotherapic, orthopaedic and surgical scoliosis, connected with the therapeutic moment. Then we underline the necessity of surgical scoliosis to sustain it adequately with a careful physiotherapic treatment either for the preparation to the operation or in the stage following the operation. PMID- 1236294 TI - [Current orientations in the surgical treatment of pluriligamentous lesions of the external knee compartment]. AB - Present orientation on surgical treatment of pluriligamentous lesions of external knee compartment. Author faces the problem of serious external knee loosening treatment. Reports some data on functional anatomy and physiopathology in order to entroll the single elements, capsule and ligaments, in complex articular function. The author dwells upon the method used in the treatment of recent and inveterate lesions, describing the technique and concludes reporting the results obtained after operation. PMID- 1236295 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the vertebral column as a cause of scoliosis]. AB - After reminding how difficult it is to reach the diagnosis for an osteoid osteoma of rachis, the Authors report of a patient who was put under their observation after having been treated as lumbar scoliosis and discitis for one year. As they removed the osteoid osteoma, the painful symptomatology punctually disappeared and the rachis, after few months, was in its normal order. PMID- 1236296 TI - [Neurogenic osteo-arthropathies due to chronic alcoholism]. AB - Recognised forms of neurogenic osteo-arthropathy, their aetiology and pathogenesis are reviewed. Seven unusual cases are presented. Chronic alcoholism was a possible pathogenetic factors in these cases of neurogenic osteo arthropathy from persistant drunkeness and not osteo-arthropathy occurring in alcoholics. Thus a new clinical entity is proposed. PMID- 1236297 TI - [Comminuted fractures of the distal part of the femur]. AB - The Authors discussed the problem of femoral over intracondylar structures, that industrial and highway accidents have increased we consider as necessary a perfect anatomical repair of articular surfaces, in order to avoid any rigidity or secondary artrosys. It's considered essential on such purpose surgical reconstruction, which, thanks to new methods and antibiotics it's to be considerate much more sure than once. After short recollection of functional anatomy one stops on surgical treatment adopted at the orthopedic clinic of Verona, separated office of Padua University, and reporting at the end obtained results in 18 cases of such fractures. PMID- 1236298 TI - [Chemical synovectomy with osmic acid]. AB - The authors face the problem of the treatment in chronic arthrosynovitis. After some general premises they dwell upon the use of osmic acid in such cases and report the results and casuistr of Verona Orthopaedic Clinic. PMID- 1236300 TI - [Completely interchangeable joint prosthesis for the hip]. AB - The Authors present a total hip arthroprosthesis studied at Verona Orthopaedic Clinic. This prosthesis presents a complete interchangeability of wear components, not only socket or head. Advantages and premises of this solution are examined and clinical evaluation is referred. PMID- 1236299 TI - [Diaphysary resection using Colzi's method in the treatment of Volkmann's syndrome]. AB - The AA, report one case of Volkmann's contracture in a patient 8-1/2 years old treated by shortening of the ulna and radius according to Colzi's procedure. The reasons why such method was chosen are explained and the excellent result obtained described. In the light of their experience the AA. deem that the Colzi's procedure is still valid, also on the account that does not preclude the possibility to perform other procedure. PMID- 1236301 TI - [Use of intraosseous implants in joint prosthesis of the hip]. AB - The authors examine actual problems in total hip endoprostheses fixation and dwell upon solutions used up to date. The authors propose a new technique of prosthethic socket fixation based on endosseous implantology. This method should increase long term stability utilizing at the same time the immediate stability offered by methyl-methacrylate cement. PMID- 1236302 TI - [Reconstruction in loss of bony tissue]. AB - The aetiology and pathogenesis of wide loss of bony tissue are discussed. Methods of treatment are described. Five cases thus treated and cured are reported. PMID- 1236303 TI - [Current orientations in the treatment of bone metastases]. AB - Bone metastases are the most frequently occurring tumours of the skeletal system. Clinically, diagnosis is important but more so the treatment, taking into account the type of lesion, its localization and diffusion. Early and combined treatment by general surgeon, radiotherapist and orthopaedic surgeon will provide a longer survival rate and relative physical and psychological well-being for the patient. Following the diffusion on surgical techniques designed to cope with tumor in different bones the wait-and-see attitude of the past has been abandoned. More vigorous attempts to excise metastatic tumours and aims at reconstruction and substitution of weightbearing bones by means of modern methods of osteosynthesis and application of prostheses, can be achieved. The more controversial clinical and radiological aspects and the results of 281 cases, seen at the Clinica Ortopedica of the University of Padua, are illustrated. PMID- 1236304 TI - [Solitary bone cysts]. AB - Fifty-eight cases of solitary bone cyst are reported. Clinical and radiological features and the results of surgical treatment are discussed. In the evolution of bone cysts and in particular those of the humerus two forms of the disease can occur; that of the metaphysis and that of the diaphysis with pecliar features and indications for treatment. Permanent repair of a cyst is possible only after internal reconstruction of the involved segment. PMID- 1236305 TI - [Combined treatment of Ewing's sarcoma]. AB - Twenty cases of Ewing's bone tumor, seen at the Orthopaedics Clinic of Padua from 1958 to 1975, were classified into two groups on the basis of results obtained from different schemes of treatment. In the first group of patients, treated during the period 1958-69 by surgery and irradiation, the mean survival rate was one year with two exceptions still surviving since 17 and 11 years respectively (treatment: only amputation). The mean survival rate was prolonged to 5 years in the second group. Here, combined treatment included irradiation (4.000-6.000 r), medical treatment (Adriamycin, CCNU, Vincristine) vaccine therapy and surgery. In the Author's opinion it is more convenient to use the latter therapeutic approach because of the promising results, the improved survival rate and the more effective control of relapses and metastases. PMID- 1236306 TI - [Obesity and articular tropho-mechanic disorders]. AB - Obesity represents an accelerating factor in the development of osteoarthritis, mainly of the lumbar spine and knees. Overweight patients undergo, earlier than normal people, to painful syndromes which usually affect the elder. The mechansims through which joint degeneration gradually develops are analized; special reference is made to the role of mechanical and postural stresses. Some considerations are made about orthopaedic treatment in obesity and about orthopaedic surgery in selected cases. PMID- 1236307 TI - Orbital mesenchymal tumours (clinico-pathological aspects). PMID- 1236308 TI - Soft lenses v/s hard lenses. PMID- 1236310 TI - Clinico-pathological observations on retinoblastoma. PMID- 1236309 TI - Anastomotic surgery after the operation of dacryocystectomy. PMID- 1236311 TI - Cytogenetics in retinoblastomas. PMID- 1236312 TI - Sub-conjunctival twin cysticercosis. PMID- 1236313 TI - Canaliculus repair by a simplified method. PMID- 1236314 TI - Basal cell carcinoma of conjunctiva. PMID- 1236315 TI - Snake bite. PMID- 1236316 TI - Hydatid cyst of the orbit. PMID- 1236317 TI - Ocular cysticercosis. PMID- 1236318 TI - Reflex inhibition of the aqueous flow in the unoperated eye following cataract extraction in other eye. PMID- 1236319 TI - Serum lipids in hypertensive retinopathy. PMID- 1236320 TI - The Jerome Cochran Lecture. Our federated individuality. PMID- 1236321 TI - Chronic occlusive aortoiliac disease. "The Leriche syndrome". PMID- 1236322 TI - Modern management of the pregnant diabetic. PMID- 1236323 TI - Correlation of drug abuse, psychiatric diagnosis and EEG findings. PMID- 1236324 TI - St. Louis encephalitis in Jefferson County--1974. What does the future hold? PMID- 1236325 TI - Gram negative septic shock. PMID- 1236326 TI - Simultaneous missile injury of right subclavian artery and vein. PMID- 1236327 TI - Factors in perinatal care associated with poor pregnancy outcome in Alabama. PMID- 1236328 TI - The National Health Service in Great Britain--revolt in the ranks. Part II. PMID- 1236329 TI - Breast cancer management. PMID- 1236331 TI - The case for family practice as the best model of primary care for the U.S. PMID- 1236330 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 1236333 TI - Alabama housestaffer looks at the AMA. PMID- 1236332 TI - Malpractice: causes and effects. PMID- 1236334 TI - Heat illness in athletes. PMID- 1236336 TI - Transactional analysis for the physician: an introduction. PMID- 1236335 TI - The enigma of hirsutism. PMID- 1236337 TI - Modern concepts in radiation therapy practices in breast cancer management. PMID- 1236338 TI - Gynecologic waste-baskets. PMID- 1236339 TI - Family practice education. PMID- 1236340 TI - Breast cancer management: Part III. A comprehensive program for the management of breast cancer. PMID- 1236341 TI - Transactional analysis for the physician: the ego states and psychopathology. PMID- 1236342 TI - Sudden infant death--a devastating syndrome. PMID- 1236343 TI - Smoking and serum triglycerides. PMID- 1236344 TI - How to set about diagnosing malabsorption. PMID- 1236345 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancer. PMID- 1236346 TI - Transactional analysis for the physician: stroking hunger and time structure. PMID- 1236347 TI - Sickle cell disease and the liver. PMID- 1236348 TI - Breast cancer: the great new concern. PMID- 1236349 TI - An unusual anterior mediastinal tumor. PMID- 1236350 TI - Nutrition and aging of the heart. PMID- 1236351 TI - TA for physicians: psychological games. PMID- 1236352 TI - Do we really want quality health care in Alabama? PMID- 1236353 TI - Quality of medical education and quality health care. PMID- 1236354 TI - [Outline of gastric surgery procedures]. PMID- 1236355 TI - [Postgastrectomy X-ray examination methods. General discussion]. PMID- 1236356 TI - [Beta-type esophagojejunostomy. Postoperative X-ray examination]. PMID- 1236357 TI - [Double tract total gastrectomy. Postoperative X-ray examination]. PMID- 1236358 TI - [Jejunal interposition after total gastrectomy. Postoperative X-ray examination]. PMID- 1236359 TI - [Segmental gastric resection. Postoperative X-ray examination]. PMID- 1236360 TI - [Vagotomy combined with pyloroplasty. Postoperative X-ray examination]. PMID- 1236362 TI - [Gastric atony following vagotomy + gastrectomy]. PMID- 1236361 TI - [Acute postgastrectomy stomach dilatation]. PMID- 1236363 TI - [Postgastrectomy suture failures]. PMID- 1236364 TI - [Postgastrectomy stomal stenosis]. PMID- 1236365 TI - [Dumping syndrome]. PMID- 1236366 TI - [Postgastrectomy peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1236367 TI - [Postgastrectomy blind loop syndrome]. PMID- 1236368 TI - [Postgastrectomy peritonitis carcinomatosa]. PMID- 1236369 TI - [Postgastrectomy syndromes]. PMID- 1236370 TI - [Clinical importance of the diagnosis of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 1236372 TI - [Notes on clinical research]. PMID- 1236371 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus after hematemesis from gastric ulcer. Report of a case]. AB - The authors discuss a case of spontaneous esophageal rupture consequent to hematemesis associated with gastric ulcer. This is known as Boerhaave's syndrome. The present case was seen in a male patient of 54 years of age. The diagnosis was suspected on the basis of the clinical history and was confirmed by radiologic studies both with and without contrast medium. The patient was treated surgically through a left anterior thoracotomy. In the immediate postoperative period there was an episode of bloody pleural effusion which was corrected by two thoracocenteses. At the present time the patient leads a normal life with no restrictions. He has not had signs or symptoms of gastric ulcer and two esophageal-gastroduodenal series have only shown the esophageal scar. PMID- 1236373 TI - [Hepatic complications in the postoperative of cardiac surgery]. AB - In a study of fifty patients subjected to cardiac surgery nine (18%) had immediate post-operative liver complications. These included persistente jaundice, an increase in hepatomegaly and elevation of the alkaline phosphatase. In these and the rest of the cases there were extra-hepatic complications such as hyposystole, infarct, the post-pericardiotomy syndrome as related to the heart. Pulmonary complications were of infectious nature and a general complication was sepsis. These complications were sufficiently important to relate them etiologically to the hepatic disorder. Especially important is right hyposystole and it or tricuspid insufficiency can be blamed for the hepatic disorder in some of these patient. Nonetheless, these hepatic complications are seen less frequently now that we are giving effective treatment to the tricuspid insufficiency during the surgical intervention. We observed the clinical picture known as "benign postoperative cholestasis" in only two patients. Hepatitis with jaundice was seen in four patients during one to three months postoperatively. This was HB hepatitis and its course was more prolonged than that usually seen in Mexico, and it turned into chronic hepatitis in four patients. Biopsies done in one case a six months and in the other at nine months post-operatively showed the picture of chronic aggresive hepatitis. In those patients who did not have hepatic complications a late liver evaluation showed an improvement as compared to the pre-operative condition which was parallel to the hemodynamic improvement. PMID- 1236374 TI - [Amebiasis Studies Center]. PMID- 1236375 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction]. AB - The results obtained from diagnosis and treatment of six patients with cardioesophagic junction cancer, diagnosed by histopathologic study during surgery, are presented. Three patients presented with diaphragmatic hernia as well. Esophagogastroduodenal roentgenological study was interpreted as neoplasia in three patients only; it was supposed that the other three patients had a benign esophageal stricture. Endoscopy oriented the malignity diagnosis in four patients, and for benign lesion in the other two. Biopsy showed malignant lesion in three patients and it was negative in the other three. Exfoliative cytology was positive in four patients and negative in two. Esophagogastric resection was done in four patients. One of them died post-operatively. The other have survived 36, 22 and 16 months. PMID- 1236377 TI - [Participation of intrinsic nerve plexus of the esophagus in gastric secretion]. PMID- 1236376 TI - [Spontaneous esophageal perforation (Boerhaave syndrome)]. AB - A review of the literature reveals that the prognosis is unfavorable in the presence of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, since approximately 50 per cent of the patients die. It is also generally true that the mortality will increase in a direct relationship to the time elapsed between the onset of the clinical syndrome and the arrival at a correct diagnosis and adequate treatment. The author presents a case review of the so-called Boerhaave's Syndrome in which the correct diagnosis was made and surgical treatment instituted within eight hours of onset. He emphasizes the importance of a careful consideration of the clinical and radiologic findings and especially that of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema. PMID- 1236378 TI - [Complications of digestive system surgery in children]. PMID- 1236379 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis]. AB - The authors review twelve cases of chronic hepatitis seen at the IMSS hospital in Puebla in a span of three years. They analyze and compare clinical, laboratory and biopsy data with special emphasis on the microscopic evolution of the disease and the response to different therapeutic regimes. Gamma-globulins were elevated in 80% and hepatitis B antigen in 50%. RIA is more sensitive than contra-immune electrophoresis. In six cases the diagnosis was of active chronic hepatitis and two of these developed towards cirrhosis; one became chronic persistent hepatitis and the other three are stationary and well controlled with prednisone. One patient died with a clinical picture of portal-systemic encephalitis. The six cases of persistent chronic hepatitis evolved towards a spontaneous cure. PMID- 1236380 TI - Peritoneo-venous shunting for ascites [proceedings]. PMID- 1236381 TI - Elimination of a fat emulsion from the blood stream. Quantification of its organ distribution in man [proceedings]. PMID- 1236382 TI - [Bloodless extraction of residual bile duct calculi (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236383 TI - The roentgen aspect of the vermiform appendix [proceedings]. PMID- 1236384 TI - The tropical form of primary calculous pancreatitis: clinico-pathological considerations in its surgical management [proceedings]. PMID- 1236385 TI - Antral disease as a pathogenic factor in gastric ulcer [proceedings]. PMID- 1236386 TI - An evaluation of proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage [proceedings]. PMID- 1236387 TI - Crohn's disease of the duodenum. Review of 24 cases [proceedings]. PMID- 1236388 TI - [Reflux esophagitis. Surgical treatment of 130 patients (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236389 TI - Choledochoscopy: an appraisal of its merit in biliary ductal lesions [proceedings]. PMID- 1236390 TI - Lymphangiographic study of the thoracic duct in patients with ascites [proceedings]. PMID- 1236391 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis of portal hypertension (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236392 TI - Study on cell-mediated immune response in chronic active hepatitis [proceedings]. PMID- 1236393 TI - Liquid crystals in human and diet-induced canine cholesterolosis [proceedings]. PMID- 1236394 TI - [Manometric and angiographic evaluation of schistosomiasis mansoni (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236395 TI - Follow-up studies on liver disease associated with hepatitis B antigen carriers [proceedings]. PMID- 1236396 TI - Response of acute hepatic coma to L-dopa [proceedings]. PMID- 1236397 TI - Evaluation of intra-arterial vasopressin used electively during porto-systemic shunt procedures [proceedings]. PMID- 1236398 TI - [Therapeutic assay with chenodeoxycholic acid for dissolving biliary calculi ("cholesterol") (proceedings)]. PMID- 1236399 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Apropos of 2 cases [proceedings]. PMID- 1236400 TI - Enzymatic preparation of 20 beta-hydroxysteroids in a two-phase system. AB - The behavior of 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in a two-phase system consisting of an emulsion of water with an immiscible organic solvent was investigated. The effect of several organic solvents on the stability, activity, and kinetic profile of the enzyme was considered. The most suitable system for carrying out the enzymatic reaction proved to be water-butyl acetate. The production of high quantitied of 20 beta-hydroxysteroids in 100% yield using catalytic amount of cofactor was achieved by coupling the 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-and the alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions. PMID- 1236401 TI - Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of solid waste for fuel gas production. AB - Anaerobic digestion offers a potential means of converting organic solid waste into fuel gas and thereby provide a supplemental and readily utilizable source of energy. We are particularly interested in the use of thermophilic digestion over a mesophilic operation for it can achieve higher rates of digestion, greater conversion of waste organics to gas, faster solid-liquid separation, and minimization of bacterial and viral pathogen accumulation. Our results comparing mesophilic (37 degree C) and thermophilic (65 degree C) anaerobic digestion of domestic solid waste confirm the increased rate and conversion of waste to methane. In addition, utilizing radioactive labeling of glucose and acetic acid, we have measured the volumetric rates of volatile acid production and disappearance under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. PMID- 1236402 TI - Dynamic and steady state studies of phenol biodegradation in pure and mixed cultures. AB - The microbial degradation of phenol by pure and mixed cultures of Pseudomonas putida was studied in batch, phenol-stat, and continuous culture systems. In the continuous culture runs, both steady state and transient experiments were performed. From these experiments, a model for the kinetic behavior of the organisms was evolved and an analysis performed on the stability and dynamic behavior of pure and mixed cultures. The results indicate that it should be possible to achieve phenol removal from wastewaters down to levels of 1-2 ppm in a single state system. However, because of the effect of substrate inhibition on kinetic behavior of the microorganisms, long lasting transients can occur. The transient behavior of such systems cannot be solely determined from mumax or Ks parameters, but must include a consideration of the transient size and response characteristic of the organism. PMID- 1236403 TI - Nonisothermal heterogeneous reaction in a denaturable immobilized enzyme catalyst. PMID- 1236404 TI - Indications for prenatal detection of genetic disorders. PMID- 1236405 TI - Thyroglossal duct remnants. PMID- 1236406 TI - MIST--observations and trends. PMID- 1236407 TI - Transactional analysis for the physician: psychological scripts. PMID- 1236408 TI - Continuing medical education. CME fact sheet: a story of growth. PMID- 1236409 TI - The practicing physician and the clinical teacher. PMID- 1236410 TI - [Familial environmental factors and neurotic structure. Experimental investigation of some psychoanalytic hypotheses]. PMID- 1236411 TI - Primary liver cancer management. PMID- 1236412 TI - Some aspects of abdominal injuries. PMID- 1236413 TI - Unusual side effects of Etrenol. PMID- 1236415 TI - Peripheral nerve injury following crushing. PMID- 1236414 TI - A case of peripheral nerve injury. PMID- 1236416 TI - A medical investigation of a proto team disaster. PMID- 1236417 TI - Stab wound of the heart. PMID- 1236418 TI - [The clinical, neuropathological and nosological study on three generations of a family affected with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236420 TI - [A study on the present state of medical care for geriatric and physically ill patients in mental hospitals: I. The results of a questionnaire administered to public mental hospitals in Japan and private mental hospitals in the Kanto District (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236419 TI - [Visual recognition of script forms in alexia without agraphia--report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236421 TI - [X-ray and functional study before and after excision in a case of bronchial adenoma]. PMID- 1236422 TI - [Associated pulmonary and diaphragmatic malformative pathology]. PMID- 1236423 TI - [Asthma as a psychosomatic disease and its treatment with psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 1236424 TI - [Respiratory function in obese patients with Pickwickian syndrome (observations on 13 cases)]. PMID- 1236425 TI - [A case of irreversible respiratory coma: effects of intensive therapy]. PMID- 1236426 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium changes in idiopathic rectocolitis]. PMID- 1236427 TI - [Nontubercular anti-infective treatment of lung diseases in adults]. PMID- 1236428 TI - [The dysventilatory syndrome in the obese]. PMID- 1236429 TI - [Technic of performing intracavitary aspiration of small pulmonary tubercular caverns]. PMID- 1236430 TI - [Subclavian arteriography in Pancoast's syndrome]. PMID- 1236431 TI - [Radiologic and clinico-functional correlations in chronic lung diseases during congestive heart failure]. AB - Two groups of patients were studied with serial correlated radiological functional analysis. Each group had a previous history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, on admission, only one group exhibited the clinical signs of this superimposed disease. The results of this research showed that chronic pulmonary disease is better defined by functional studies while cardiac failure (even in early stages) is always revealed by radiological examination. PMID- 1236432 TI - [Diabetes and surgery: practical notes]. PMID- 1236433 TI - [Ovarian tumors (clinical cases)]. AB - The A. expose three cases of ovarian tumors: the first of a malignant teratoma with metastasis inside abdominal wall, the second of Brenner's tumor, the third of an estrogen-producing ovarian hypernefroma. PMID- 1236434 TI - [Case of basal cell nevus syndrome]. PMID- 1236435 TI - [Foreign bodies in respiratory passages. Cases at a pediatric department]. PMID- 1236436 TI - [Professional responsibility of the physician]. PMID- 1236437 TI - [Diabetes and immunoglobulins in relation to the immune function of specific defense]. PMID- 1236438 TI - [Report of a case of primary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 1236439 TI - [Psychomotor development and body-weight status in the 1st 3 years of life of low birth-weight infants born at term]. PMID- 1236440 TI - [Prolonged pregnancy and lactation]. PMID- 1236441 TI - [Cases of endocrinological psychiatry. Hypothalamic primary amenorrhea with paraphrenia]. AB - A case of association between hypothalamic primary amenorrhea, obesity and paraphrenia is presented in a 53 old woman. Neurological investigations, showing a diencenphalic involvement possibly on a malformative basis, lead to the hypothesis of a common pathogenesis for both endocrinological and psychiatric features of the syndrome. PMID- 1236442 TI - Rate of aqueous formation during normal menstrual cycle. PMID- 1236443 TI - Angioid streaks in a case of peripheral arterial elastic tissue degeneration (Monkeberg's degeneration). PMID- 1236444 TI - Diktyoma of ciliary body. PMID- 1236445 TI - Internal ophthalmolplegia in a young child suffering from Herpes zoster. PMID- 1236446 TI - Corneal keloid. PMID- 1236447 TI - Optic neuritis due to demyelinating disease. PMID- 1236448 TI - Orbital metastasis of mixed parotid tumour. PMID- 1236449 TI - Self extraction of foreign body lodged in subtarsal sulcus (a simple first-aid measure). PMID- 1236450 TI - Duplication of the optic disc. PMID- 1236451 TI - Mikulciz's disease. PMID- 1236452 TI - An unusual case of scleral involvement by pseudomonas pyocyaneous. PMID- 1236453 TI - A case of immune ring of the cornea. PMID- 1236454 TI - Mycotic keratitis. PMID- 1236455 TI - The flexure and toricity of best, flat and steep fitting hydrogel lenses on the eye. AB - The flexure and toricity of Bausch and Lomb Soflens fitted to seven eyes in best, flat and steep fitting relationships were measured by photoelectric keratoscopy and keratometry. Irrespective of the fitting relationship lenses were found, generally, to conform to the cornea and to transmit through to their front surfaces the whole of the corneal toricity. PMID- 1236456 TI - Astigmatism as a congenital, bilateral and symmetrical entity (observations based on the study of 51,000 patients). PMID- 1236457 TI - Fixation disparity and learning disabilities. AB - This study was conducted at the Massachusetts College of Optometry in 1974 to determine if there is a relationship between binocularity and learning disabilities. A fixation disparity test was administered to 53 learning disabled and 61 normal children in a blind study. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in binocularity between the two groups as measured by the fixation disparity technique. PMID- 1236458 TI - Chromatic aberration of the eye between 200 and 2000 nm. PMID- 1236459 TI - Derivation of the angle of torsion of the eye. AB - The angle of torsion of the eye, that is the amount by which the eye rotates about its anterio-posterior axis, changes with the direction of the line of fixation. If the eye can be considered as a rigid body under an elaborate system for constraints its motion can be described by the laws of kinematics. The techniques of linear algebra can then be used to derive an explicit relationship between the angles defining the direction of fixation and the angle of torsion of the eye. The angle of torsion can then be expressed as a function of the angle of rotation of the eye and the direction cosines of the axis of rotation. However, under conditions in which Listing's Law holds these angles, are well defined functions of the angles defining the direction of fixation, and so the angle of torsion, in this case, can be expressed as an explicit function of this direction. PMID- 1236460 TI - Derivation of the space horopter. AB - The horopter--the locus of those points in space that would stimulate corresponding points on the retinae of the two eyes--has been previously considered to be a plane curve lying in the horizontal plane. The two-dimensional character of this curve arises as a consequence of limiting all considerations to two dimensions only. However, by considering the retina as a two-dimensional surface in 3-space, geometric analysis reveals the horopter to be a non-planar curve: a twisted cubic curve in space. The classical horopter experiments can then be seen to be plotting self-corresponding lines rather than self corresponding points, and these lines are found to be the chords of this cubic curve. The equations determining the horopter curve in parametric form have been found expressing each point of the curve as a function of the coordinates of the point of fixation. PMID- 1236461 TI - Properties of the space horopter. AB - For general points of fixation the space horopter has been found to be a twisted cubic curve, which, when fixation is in the median plane, degenerates into a conic curve inclined to the plane of fixation. The inclination of the plane of this conic is found to be a function of the angles of torsion of the two eyes. If these angles are zero and fixation is horizontal the space horopter reduces to the Vieth-Muller circle. Previous experimental techniques for plotting the horopter curve do not in fact determine the locus in space of those points that will stimulate corresponding points in the two retinae: they are, locate the position of certain chords of the space horopter. The Hering-Hillebrand deviation coefficient is found theoretically to be a linear function of the fixation distance. This had been shown experimentally by previous workers, but without any satisfactory explanation. PMID- 1236462 TI - [Systematic colposcopy in family planning counseling]. PMID- 1236463 TI - [Light and shadow in the factors of sterility]. PMID- 1236464 TI - [Construction of simple hormonal curves in sterile patients]. PMID- 1236465 TI - [Psychological interview with sterile couples (an operational scheme)]. PMID- 1236466 TI - [The validity of the uterine index in the prognosis of sterility caused by uterine hypoplasia]. PMID- 1236467 TI - [The clomiphene test in sterility caused by the anovulatory cycle]. PMID- 1236468 TI - [268 medicinal plants used for regulating fertility in various South American countries]. PMID- 1236469 TI - Psychological considerations in historiography. AB - The author discusses the interrelations between historiography and modern, dynamic psychology. The latter tries to understand psychological phenomena and human behaviour within the context of the individual's historical development. Similarly, the historian seeks to understand social structures, events and tendencies of a given epoch as evolving from the antecedents of the social entity under consideration. Historical consciousness, expressed in remembering the past, is one of the factors contributing to the inner security, self-confidence and sense of identity of the individual as well as of the group. Both disciplines assume that events are set in motion by irrational forces and they share the tendency to ascribe inherent meaning to occurrences. They occupy borderline positions between the natural sciences and the humanities, and actually belong to both. The author believes it would benefit historians to acquaint themselves with the methods and results of modern psychology. PMID- 1236470 TI - Kol Nidre and the role of denial in depression. PMID- 1236471 TI - Universal and cultural features in the delusions of a black urban group. AB - Conflicting views as to the form and content of delusions among African psychotics, notably the influence of cultural factors in the preliterate, led us to devote special attention to this area in a recent study of Bantu psychiatric patients. Our sample was drawn chiefly from Baragwanath Hospital serving the South Western Townships of Johannesburg, and smaller samples were drawn from mental hospitals, mental health society clinics, an old age home, and a middle class township in the Witwatersrand area. The degree of systematization and fixity of delusions in the sample as a whole, and in schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis in particular, were assessed. On the side of delusion content, cultural features such as witchcraft, animals as instruments of witchcraft, familiars, and ancestor worship are described. In conclusion, the relationship of cultural content of delusion to class, education and income are evaluated, with special attention to the influence of an early tribal background in our urban professional group, as illuminating the general issue reflected in our title. PMID- 1236473 TI - Unconscious Jewish Contents in Catholic patients of Jewish ancestry. PMID- 1236472 TI - Jewish alcoholics and addicts in the London area. AB - Throughout the ages and throughout the world alcoholism has been noted, among Jews, by its relative rarity, and this despite the virtual absence of teetotallers among them. On the other hand, misuse of other drugs has in recent years been described as not uncommon among Jews. In fact a London report in the early 1960s gave the proportion of nearly 20% Jews among the drug addicts seen by two general practitioners. Studies among our own patients, however, indicate that in the London area at present the proportion of Jews among alcoholics seems not as low as generally described - the proportion of Jewish drug addicts, on the other hand not as high as initially suspected. The common denominator amongst the great majority of these alcoholics and drug addicts was alienation from the background of their Judaism and their family - possibly thus leaving them without their former stabilizing anchorage. It is interesting to speculate, however, on the reasons for the usually-described relative rarity of alcoholism among Jews, and the relatively higher incidence of abuse of other drugs. In theory, it would seem that much useful information about the causation of alcoholism and drug dependence in general could be derived from studying, comparing, and contrasting, the factors at work in causing or preventing alcohol and (other) drug abuse, respectively, among Jews. PMID- 1236474 TI - A minority under the microscope - the American Indian reaction. AB - The cultural diversity of approximately 500 Indian tribes in the United States defies a base for uniform measurable criteria and developed standards cannot be uniformly applicable. Moreover, anthropological and sociological scientific studies focus on the Indian's failure to assimilate with the dominant society; their studies fail to relate the non-Indian's historical, social, legal, political, educational, and religious impact on idigenous people who should be America's treasure but are, as seen under the microscope, her tragedy. PMID- 1236475 TI - Crime in the changing Greek Society. Reflections on statistical data. AB - Crime is a complex phenomenon. Statistics related to crime in a given milieu reveal nothing in substance and they are not amenable to comparisons. For one thing they are classified differently in different countries. For another, statistics are related to processes that are the outcome of all the interrelated variables which operate in the given milieu. It is within the context of the transaction of these variables: cultural, social, economic, technological, psychological, and biological, that these statistics may become meaningful and may lead to valuable interpretations. In Greece, for instance, during the last ten years, crime has decreased. (In 1960, there were 82,649 convictions and in 1970 there were 72,393. The population, seven years of age and above, increased from 7,289,130 in 1960 to 7,796,850 in 1970. Moreover the number of recidivists for the same years increased only from 28,988 to 31,540.) And yet, from impressionistic observations one notices that violence has increased significantly. The modus operandi of the criminals as well as the motives that instigate criminal behavior have changed. Those changes are alarming. Crime statistics, although they present a picture of decrease in crime rate, do not help us to focus on the real problem and search for measures of prevention and control. PMID- 1236476 TI - Conflict, negotiation and cooperation: an analysis of these parameters in international relations. AB - Ways in which political conflicts may be stimulated, reduced, enhanced, and managed are discussed. Human political space and time concepts are explained, while distinct ways of perceiving, exploring, and affecting the world are developed in detail. Everyday communication as opposed to political communication is described, as are their dimensions, effectors, and/or the events that they effect. The thesis is suggested that political communication demands a special morality and a special understanding of interaction at a political level. A taste of the range and delicacy of the interlacing flow of conflict, negotiation and cooperation is given and the final contention is that j order to be a true and competent leader of an effective modern state these delicate tools must be immediately evocable. PMID- 1236477 TI - A report on six months experience of committee for the control of abortion. AB - During the first six months experience of a committee for the control of abortions, within the framework of Kupat Holim (Workers' Sick Fund of 'Histadrug' in Israel), 70 pregnant women sent by their physicians appeared before the committee for the interruption of their pregnancies. The reasons brought before the committee were of a medical, genetic, psychiatric or social nature. Discussed here are the socio-psychiatric cases, under the heading of the country of origin, age of the women, their cultural background and social situation of their families. Some conclusions are drawn in connection with the motivations which seem to have determined the positive or negative position of the committee and some possible implications are discussed concerning the legislation of the whole subject. PMID- 1236479 TI - Counselling the adolescent girl in a time of changing values. AB - The position of the adolescent girl has always been somewhat ambiguous in western culture. No more a little girl and not yet a woman, she remained in limbo waiting for the time when she would marry and no longer be the responsibility of her family. Counsellors who work with adolescent girls have been expected to reinforce a value system which prized 'innocence' in young women, emphasized the romantic view of love and looked upon marriage as an eternal bond. Developing trends in the Women's Liberation Movement, the ability of contraceptive information and easy abortion, experiments by young people with varied forms of interpersonal relationships anf family structures, all indicate that the traditional value system is changing. There is a new reality; women are now free to follow more than one way of life. For the counsellor this presents the same dilemma which faces the adolescent girl: how to leave the security of the known and prepare for the potential choices which are inherent in the unknown. PMID- 1236478 TI - A follow-up of 72 cases referred for abortion. AB - Whilst the medical indications for therapeutic abortion and the legal limitations set vary enormously from one country to another there is in general an undoubted trend towards giving the pregnant woman herself a greater say in the decision. During the first year of the operation of the Abortion Act, 1967, in England some 72 pregnant women were referred to the author and his colleagues for a recommendation on abortion. A psychiatric examination and follow-up over a period of one year was made both in those cases where abortion was performed as well as in those cases who were refused therapeutic abortion. In this communication a comparison is made between the reactions and outcome in the two groups. A provisional conclusion is reached that no significant psychiatric disturbance could be attributed to the performance of the operation or on the other hand to refusal of the woman's request. PMID- 1236480 TI - Spontaneous group drawing. AB - The results presented here are of an experiment performed by the team of an open ward composed of psychiatrists and an occupational therapist to provoke verbal communication by means of group drawing. The experiment was carried out with a group of patients who are suffering from difficulties in making contact with others. Drawing being a means of primary archaic communication enables the patient to express himself within the framework of the group by participating in discussions, and thus contribute to the process of socialization among the patients. PMID- 1236481 TI - Eating disorders in adolescence. AB - Primary anorexia nervosa presents with severe disorder of eating behaviour occuring predominantly in young women. The aetiology is unknown and treatment ranges from psychoanalysis to leucotomy. Management is difficult because of the patient's inability to accept traditional methods of psychiatric treatment and also because of family attitudes which result in perpetuation of the condition. Because it was noted in a study of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa that response to conventional methods of psychiatric treatment was limited, further investigations were made: (1) A comparative study of 12 patients with anorexia nervosa and 12 patients suffering from psychoneurotic illness was made. Patients were matched for age and intelligence. (2) The fact that significant differences emerged indicated that the concept of anorexia nervosa as a psychoneurotic condition was in question. (3) Group therapy, recently introduced, is mentioned. PMID- 1236482 TI - Some current issues in primary preventive psychiatry. AB - This paper deals with some of the issues that seem to be involved in conceptualizing, constructing, communicating and operating a program of primary psychiatric prevention. It is based on a series of visits to Nova Scotia, February through August 1970 and Israel, August 1971. Some of the issues discussed include difficulties in conceptualizing, defining, hence in teaching, learning and practicing the subjects involved. Cognitive and affective issues among the four groups usually involved in such programs, and some of the ultimate effects of these on the final content and operation of programs, are discussed. All the individuals involved, Sr. Professional Staff, planning and hiring, Jr. Staff, field implementation, authorizing and funding government officials, and the two groups of community residents, participating and non-participating, periodically manifested ambivalence, perceptual, cognitive and affective distortion, resistance, value, method and goal conflicts in every area of program conception, construction, dissemination, funding, staffing and operation. PMID- 1236483 TI - Social integration and the therapeutic community. AB - The therapeutic community should be defined as an environment which is enabling but not directive. The staff need to become aware of their therapeutic as well as anti-therapeutic potential. Conflict should be overt rather than covert. That society now sees the delinquent as 'sick' is two-edged: Abdication of responsibility is encouraged, and the sick role rewarded. This paper shows how the therapeutic community is effective in encouraging the delinquent to take responsibility for himself and for others. It shows what features make the therapeutic community effective for neurotics for schizophrenics. PMID- 1236484 TI - A psychiatric ward with its specific attitudes as a social system within the community of a General Hospital. AB - The establishment of a psychiatric ward in a general hospital with modern therapeutic milieu orientation will necessitate certain changes and create problems of the following nature: (1) The psychiatric ward as a 'deviant' department within the social system of the general hospital. (2) The transition of the traditional approaches to the modern trend within the team of the department. The patient is required to develop an attitude of active participation. (3) The group setup of open ward groups in contrast to the more familiar orthodox out-patient groups are discussed. (4) Ward life discussed as a time-limited experience taken out of life situation. The change in attitude of the doctor will have to be more integrative by being able to deal with various levels and depth of behavior and functioning in multiple ways as related to the patient and his community. PMID- 1236485 TI - Psychiatric nursing: a view from within. AB - There are several recurrent themes that reflect the concerns of nurses who seek entry into graduate programs in psychiatric nursing. Four of the themes that will be presented are an emphasis on mental health, a desire to seek varied points to entry into health care, increased interaction with other health workers and participation in social change. The themes are interrelated and reflect a view of nursing responsibilities and an awareness of the needs for a comprehensive approach to health care. These views are typical of a range of concerns within the nursing profession. Although nursing comprises the largest number of prepared health care workers, nursing is a marginal group within the system. There is considerable discussion of a need for revision of health care systems and of need to utilize manpower resources most effectively. System change is a difficult process and one can only speculate about the outcomes. It is difficult to predict whether the beliefs and values of nurses and nursing a marginal group, can be shared within the health care system. PMID- 1236486 TI - The strategic function of attempted suicide. AB - Attempting suicide is regarded as a strategy for getting out of emotionally troublesome situations. This strategy is a bodily and risky 'cry for help', but also a cry for help with almost certain success as the bodily self-damage forces significant others to show indulgent behaviour. As this indulgent behaviour has the actual function to relieve significant others from feelings of guilt and from real social pressures, it very often diminishes with time, so that the effect of the 'attempted suicide strategy' proves to be very short. The relation between this concept and some epidemiological findings is discussed and the consequences of this approach for the management of attempted suicides are pointed out. PMID- 1236487 TI - Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, unsaturated iron-binding capacity, and percentage transferrin saturation in patients with various liver disorders. PMID- 1236488 TI - Priority cases in screening for diabetes mellitus among outpatient attendants. PMID- 1236489 TI - Histological and histochemical studies of the endometrium in users of copper-T intra-uterine contraceptive device (T Cu 200). PMID- 1236490 TI - A clinical trial of carbamazepine in the symptomatic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 1236492 TI - Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Differential diagnosis from cyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 1236491 TI - Treatment of Trichomonas vaginitis with a single dose of tinidazole. PMID- 1236493 TI - Glipizide--a new oral antidiabetic. PMID- 1236494 TI - Metabolic effects of certain cytotoxic drugs. I. In vitro inhibition of tissue respiration by methotrexate. PMID- 1236495 TI - Levamisole as an effective single-dose polyanthelmintic for the treatment of intestinal nematode infections. PMID- 1236496 TI - A study of the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of chronic colitis in Egypt. PMID- 1236498 TI - [Vaginal candiasis and moniliasis in Campagnian women]. PMID- 1236497 TI - [The individuality of the product of conception]. PMID- 1236499 TI - [Plasma gonadotropins in gynecologic endocrine diseases]. PMID- 1236501 TI - A system for the care of the spinal cord injured patient in South Alabama. PMID- 1236500 TI - [Etiopathogenetic considerations on a case of extensive cutaneous aplasia]. PMID- 1236502 TI - Procoagulant activity of platelets in recalcified plasma. AB - High-spun platelet-poor plasma (HSPPP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), prepared with minimal contact activation and pH shifts, were recalcified with little dilution in the presence of phospholipid prepared from chloroform-extracted, acetone-dried brain tissue. The clotting times of HSPPP and PRP were the same whether or not the platelets in PRP were first incubated or aggregated with ADP or with collagen. This suggests that platelet procoagulant activity in normal recalcified plasma derives only from provision of platelet phospholipid. PMID- 1236503 TI - Plasma heparin levels after low dose subcutaneous heparin in patients undergoing hip replacement. AB - Plasma heparin levels were measured at 2 and 8 h after 5000 iu of heparin subcutaneously in 43 patients awaiting total hip replacement. At 2 h, 37 patients had plasma levels between 0.05 and 0.15 iu/ml, three patients had more than 0.2 iu/ml, and three had only trace levels. At 8 h, most patients had less than 0.1 iu/ml, and six patients had no detectable plasma heparin. There were no correlations between plasma heparin levels and age, sex, body weight or use of analgesics. Patients with high 2 h plasma heparin levels may bleed at operation, whereas those with very low plasma heparin concentrations may be at risk of post operative venous thrombosis; it may therefore sometimes be necessary to monitor plasma heparin levels in order to determine the optimal regime in individual cases. PMID- 1236504 TI - Quantitative measurement of splenic and hepatic red-cell destruction. AB - A method has been developed by means of which independent measurement can be made of the amount of red-cell destruction occurring in the spleen and the liver. The technique involves a standard red-cell survival study and surface-counting measurements together with quantitative scanning of the spleen and liver with 113mIn colloid in order to calibrate the surface counter. The rate of destruction in each organ is obtained by fitting the measured uptake curve for the organ to a theoretical uptake curve by computer. In addition, if whole body counting is also performed, the amount of red-cell destruction occurring in the rest of the reticuloendothelial system may be deduced. Results are given for measurements on a series of 11 patients. PMID- 1236505 TI - Uptake of transferrin-bound iron by rat cells in tissue culture. PMID- 1236506 TI - Forms of vitamin B12 in blood and bone marrow in patients with pernicious anaemia. PMID- 1236507 TI - Haem synthesis in the Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. AB - The response of bone marrow to erythropoietin (EPO) from five children with the Diamond-Blackfan syndrome, also known as congenital hypoplastic anaemia (CHA), was tested in tissue culture by measurement of haem synthesis. Studies of 13 control marrows indicated that the maximum EPO effect occurred at approximately 70 h incubation using an EPO concentration of 0.2-0.3 units/ml and a nucleated cell concentration of 5 x 10(6) per culture. Under these conditions, haem synthesis was 121% greater in EPO-stimulated than in unstimulated cultures. Patients with CHA with anaemia and diminished marrow erythroids had reduced or absent haem synthesis. In one patient, haem production became normal after a spontaneous remission, and was not inhibited by autologous plasma drawn at the time of diagnosis. Plasma from three patients did not show inhibitory activity when cultured with control marrow. In contrast, plasma from an adult with acquired pure red cell aplasia produced striking inhibition of haem synthesis when cultured with control marrow. We conclude that, in comparison to some cases of the adult acquired condition, CHA is not due to inhibitors or antibodies. When present, erythroid precursors in children with CHA are capable of responding normally to EPO with increased haem synthesis. PMID- 1236508 TI - Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels in children with hereditary haemolytic anaemias. AB - The role of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in increasing the availability of haemoglobin oxygen in neonatal jaundice and hereditary haemolytic anaemias was investigated. Measurements of 2,3-DPG were carried out on 58 normal children and six normal adults, 18 full-term newborns with neonatal jaundice and 57 cases (51 children and six adults) with hereditary haemolytic anaemias. In normal children and adults, with a mean haemoglobin of 12.69 g/dl, mean 2,3-DPG was 14.90 mumol/g Hb. In jaundiced newborns with a mean haemoglobin of 16.04 g/dl mean 2,3-DPG levels were 14.51 mumol/g Hb, i.e. normal. 2,3-DPG levels were increased in patients with beta-thalassaemia major, alpha-thalassaemia, sickle cell disease, favism, hereditary spherocytosis and in heterozygotes for beta thalassaemia with increased haemoglobin F. In heterozygotes for beta-thalassaemia with increased haemoglobin A2 only and in sickle cell trait 2,3-DPG levels were normal. PMID- 1236509 TI - Plasma immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) and peripherel glucose utilization in bilharzial patients with impaired renal functions. PMID- 1236510 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in diabetics. PMID- 1236511 TI - Treatment of acute intestinal amoebiasis with tinidazole. PMID- 1236512 TI - A preliminary pharmacological study on the Egyptian plant Damsisa. PMID- 1236513 TI - Investigations on the effects of different doses of ultrasonic waves on the human nerve conduction velocity. PMID- 1236514 TI - Occupational exposure to an intermittent type of noise. PMID- 1236515 TI - The suitability of "liquoid" broth for isolating anaerobic streptococci blood cultures. PMID- 1236516 TI - Ruptured sinus of Valsalva into the right heart chambers and associated lesions. PMID- 1236517 TI - Effect of pre-eclamptic toxaemia on maternal and foetal serum sodium and potassium levels. PMID- 1236519 TI - Spermagglutinins in the sera of women with unexplained infertility. PMID- 1236518 TI - Radiation induced changes in blood plasma electrolytes and their possible control using certain radiation protectors. PMID- 1236520 TI - The variation of hemoglobin level by age and race, a follow-up of a population sample of the Los Angeles heart study. PMID- 1236521 TI - Correlation between the occurrence of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies and serum immunoglobulin levels in leukemias and lymphomas. PMID- 1236523 TI - Dermatoglyphics in relation to disease. (Review of the literature and a study on 100 diabetic cases). PMID- 1236522 TI - Effect of different hyaluronidases on the in vitro phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by polymoprphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 1236524 TI - Diagnosis of death by drowning; a quick method for detection of diatoms in bone marrow and different organs. PMID- 1236525 TI - Comparative studies of some indices of the body build, blood analysis and parasitic infections of a sample of new students of Cairo University. PMID- 1236527 TI - The rod sketch theory. Introduction to explain the mechanism of blood groups. PMID- 1236528 TI - Duodenal recess with a new approach to a strangulated paraduodenal hernia (a case report). PMID- 1236526 TI - Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, an index of placental function and foetal maturity. PMID- 1236529 TI - Epispadias. PMID- 1236530 TI - Experience with the Denis Browne Repair of hypospadias. PMID- 1236531 TI - A long-term review of hypospadias surgery. PMID- 1236532 TI - Study of the anterior urethra in hypospadias cases by means of silicone rubber casts. PMID- 1236533 TI - Some approaches to marital therapy. PMID- 1236534 TI - The relief of postoperative pain with special reference to epidural block. PMID- 1236535 TI - Day-case anaesthesia: problems of organization. PMID- 1236536 TI - Day-case surgery: problems related to recovery. PMID- 1236537 TI - Day-case anaesthesia in the dental hospital. PMID- 1236538 TI - Stagnant loop syndrome with evidence of bile salt deconjugation in a child. PMID- 1236539 TI - Mesenteric angina treated by vein graft. PMID- 1236540 TI - Pernicious anaemia followed by autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 1236541 TI - Performance under stress. PMID- 1236542 TI - Physiological basis of stress. PMID- 1236543 TI - Biochemical responses to stress in the environment. PMID- 1236544 TI - The feasibility of clinical and radiological screening for breast neoplasm. PMID- 1236545 TI - Surgical aspects of breast cancer screening. PMID- 1236546 TI - Feasibility of radiological screening for breast cancer. PMID- 1236547 TI - Use of non-medical screeners and effect of low dose on film quality in a breast screening campaign. PMID- 1236549 TI - Drug-induced lung disease: pulmonary eosinophilia and sulphonamides. PMID- 1236548 TI - Radiological aspects of the West London screening programme for breast neoplasms. PMID- 1236550 TI - Paraquat poisoning--clinical features. PMID- 1236551 TI - Paraquat poisoning--possible therapeutic approach. PMID- 1236552 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. PMID- 1236553 TI - Subcutaneous granulomata. PMID- 1236554 TI - Sclerosing lipogranuloma. Necrobiosis lipoidica. PMID- 1236555 TI - Monoclonal cryoglobulinaemia. PMID- 1236556 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. PMID- 1236557 TI - Mycosis fungoides in a patient following two lymphomata. PMID- 1236558 TI - Rehabilitation of the deafened adult. Identification of the service needs. PMID- 1236560 TI - Problems of rehabilitation of the deafened adult. PMID- 1236559 TI - Rehabilitation of the deafened adult. Aspects of nonsurgical care. PMID- 1236561 TI - Phagocytosis: the Trojan Horse of intracellular parasitism. PMID- 1236562 TI - Outflow theory and autokinetic movement: color, viewing angle, and dark adaptation. AB - The number of reported changes in direction of autokinetic movement was assessed as a function of color of the light that served as stimulus, viewing angle (0, 30, or 60 deg of displacement from straight ahead), and dark adaptation. Color and dark adaptation had no significant main effect on the number of reported changes in direction for the red and yellow lights, but viewing angle was inversely related to the number of reported changes. For the blue-green light, atypical effects of viewing angle and dark adaptation were found. PMID- 1236563 TI - Age differences in the associations between felt temperatures and color choices. AB - Thirty-six subjects, twelve each at 6, 12, and 18 years of age, were asked which of four colors (blue, green, yellow, or red) they were reminded of by each of four temperatures (containers at 4, 23, 35, or 45 deg C). More 18-year-olds than expected by chance made each of the conventional associations: hot/red, warm/yellow, cool/green, cold/blue. The 12-year-olds reliably made the hot/red association but none of the others. No more 6-year-olds than expected by chance made any of the conventional associations. The results suggest that the conventional associations are founded on a loosely held cultural norm rather than on an evolutionary or physiological basis. PMID- 1236564 TI - Stimulus selection by the retarded: list length and response requirement. AB - Institutionalized retardates learned paired associates of redundant trigrams and double digits (e.g., DLZ/10) and were given a transfer test to measure their stimulus selection. List length (four or six items) and response requirement (recall or recognition) were both manipulated during learning. The finding of most interest was that the retardates became more efficient at cue selection as the amount of information increased. This finding suggests that, at least to some extent, these retarded persons actively tended to choose a stimulus-processing strategy that puts a low load on memory as the overall memory requirements of the paired-associate task were increased. PMID- 1236565 TI - Cerebral biopsy and assessment of brain damage in hydrocephalus. AB - Needle biopsies of the cerebral mantle were taken from 12 hydrocephalic children aged between 14 days and 3 years. 5 children were biopsied twice or more often during subsequent shunting operations. Histological studies of biopsies embedded in epoxy resin for light and electron microscope examination revealed more useful information than those embedded in paraffin wax. There was evidence of axonal degeneration in the white matter of patients with acute hydrocephalus. Progressive gliosis was seen in more chronic hydrocephalus together with signs of cerebral atrophy. No measurable effect of hydrocephalus on myelination was detected. This histological study of needle biopsies taken at shunt operations could be useful in assessing brain damage and thus in predicting future intellectual development in hydrocephalic children. PMID- 1236566 TI - Aspects of bile acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1236567 TI - Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in 8-hour collections as an aid in diagnosis of coeliac disease. AB - 8-hour urine excretions of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in 18 children with coeliac disease before treatment and the results expressed as microgram 5-HIAA/mg creatinine. Similar measurements were made on urine collections from an age-matched control group of 24 children. Significantly higher values of 5-HIAA excretion were found in children with untreated coeliac disease. Measurement of the 5-HIAA: creatinine ratio in 8-hour urine collections is therefore proposed as an aid in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. PMID- 1236568 TI - Low birthweight babies with oesophageal atresia or tracheo-oesophageal fistula. AB - Of 142 patients of known gestation with oesophageal atresia or tracheo oesophageal fistula, 21% were preterm with a mean weight of 2 kg, 19% were small for-dates with a mean weight of 2.23 kg, and the remaining 60% were born at term and weighed more than 2.5 kg. There were almost five times as many preterm and almost eight times as many small-for-date infants as in a normal population. Respiratory distress syndrome and additional severe congenital anomalies were commoner in babies of short gestational age, and pneumonia was more common in small-for-dates babies. PMID- 1236569 TI - Effect of gestational age and intrauterine nutrition on plasma transferrin and iron in the newborn. AB - Plasma concentrations of transferrin and iron were measured in the cord blood of babies of varying gestational age and birthweight. Tranferrin and iron concentrations rose with gestational age; values in light-for-dates babies did not differ from those in babies of appropriate weight. In the last trimester of pregnancy plasma transferrin and iron concentrations in the fetus are affected by the maturity of the pregnancy but are independent of the nutritional status of the fetus. The low transferrin levels, particularly in preterm babies, may caution the use of iron especially by the parenteral route in the neonatal period, but we are wary of abandoning on this evidence alone the well tried clinical custom of giving oral iron to preterm babies who are not breast fed. PMID- 1236571 TI - Liver scans in cystic fibrosis. AB - Liver scans were performed on 16 cystic fibrosis patients. Most scans were considered abnormal. In most patients, the results of serological liver function tests were normal. Liver scanning in cystic fibrosis is unlikely to make a significant contribution to an assessment of prognosis. PMID- 1236570 TI - Insulin response to intravenous glucagon in children with familial constitutional short stature. AB - An intravenous glucagon test was performed in 8 children with familial constitutional short stature who were also lean. These children were randomly selected from a larger group of children with the same clinical manifestation and who had been shown to have a low insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test and to an intravenous arginine test, without glucose intolerance. 7 out of 8 children showed a normal insulin response to intravenous glucagon, with a peak level of 53--180 millimicron/ml 2 minutes after the injection. It is assumed that these insulin responses represent an intact 'rapid' pool of insulin within the beta-cell, and can explain the absence of glucose intolerance in all the children so far studied. PMID- 1236572 TI - Cholelithiasis in a neonate. PMID- 1236573 TI - Hydrocephalus treated by compressive head wrapping. AB - A simple method of applying compressive cranial wrapping for neonatal hydrocephalus is described and its beneficial use in one patient is described. PMID- 1236574 TI - Nasopharyngeal secretions as source of material for identification of respiratory viruses in infants and young children. PMID- 1236575 TI - Maternal histidinaemia. PMID- 1236576 TI - [Seated work position in odontology. Results and analysis of a statistical survey]. PMID- 1236577 TI - [A case of multiple adenomatoid odontogenic tumors]. PMID- 1236578 TI - [Dentin hypersensitivity. Its prevention and its treatment]. PMID- 1236579 TI - [Prevention of dental caries by fluoridating amalgam fillings]. PMID- 1236580 TI - [Histologic state and prevention of fractures caused by the tearing of the sinus floor or the tuberosity of the upper jaw]. PMID- 1236581 TI - [Role of sodium chondroitin sulfate in the prevention of experimental caries]. PMID- 1236583 TI - [Examination of pulp vitality using photoplethysmography at the level of the human tooth]. PMID- 1236582 TI - [Natural anti-caries fluoridation. Its significance in pedodontics]. PMID- 1236584 TI - [Importance of the permanent first molar in children]. PMID- 1236585 TI - [A case report of supernumerary and supplemental teeth]. PMID- 1236586 TI - [General concepts on the training of the dental practitioner]. PMID- 1236587 TI - [Demographic study of the dental profession in Gironde]. PMID- 1236588 TI - [Potential for regeneration and periodontal surgery]. PMID- 1236589 TI - [Mandibular bone resorption]. PMID- 1236590 TI - [Etiology of alveolites. And their treatment]. PMID- 1236591 TI - [Aerodontalgia in dental practice]. PMID- 1236592 TI - [Clinical study of the beta-morpholinoethylester of niflumic acid in children's dentistry]. PMID- 1236593 TI - Probing comprehension of Wh questions in an echolalic child. PMID- 1236594 TI - Pitch in esophageal speech. PMID- 1236595 TI - Semantic acquisition in language impaired and normal speaking four year old children. PMID- 1236596 TI - The role of speech therapy in the head and neck service. PMID- 1236597 TI - Impedance measurements in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease. PMID- 1236598 TI - The nature of jargon in the normal and language impaired child. PMID- 1236599 TI - [Effects of brain extract on the degradation of orotic acid]. PMID- 1236601 TI - The effect of heart rate on indices of myocardial contractility in the dog. AB - 1. Changes in heart rate were evoked by atrial pacing in anaesthetized dogs with no pretreatment and in dogs given reserpine or guanethidine for 72 h. The effect of alterations in heart rate were related to two indices of myocardial contractility: the maximal rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt), and an index which was independent of initial fibre length (dp/dt)/IIT, where IIT is integrated isometric tension. 2. An increase in heart rate in control dogs was accompanied by a rise in both dp/dt and (dp/dt)/IIT confirming that the Bowditch staircase does exist in the intact ventricle. The regression line relating heart rate to (dp/dt)/IIT was significantly steeper than that relating heart rate to dp/dt because the reduction in left ventricular preload at high heart rate tends to attenuate the rise in dp/dt. 3. Reserpine, but not guanethidine pretreatment was accompanied by either a slight decrease or no change in (dp/dt)/IIT during pacing. 4. Acute elevation of (dp/dt)/IIT by either calcium or isoprenaline infusion in reserpine pretreated dogs did not restore the Bowditch effect. 5. Acute depression of (dp/dt)/IIT by propranolol and pentobarbitone was accompanied by a greater rise in (dp/dt)/IIT with pacing in control dogs and a rise rather than a fall in reserpine-pretreated dogs. PMID- 1236600 TI - Plasma and tissue iron changes in the rat after acute administration of ethionine. AB - 1. Ethionine administered acutely to the adult female rat markedly elevates and then lowers plasma iron concentration over several days. Liver iron undergoes a reverse cycle. 2. Ethionine does not cause changes in the blood parameters, including total plasma iron-binding capacity and plasma iron clearance. Erythrocytes of rats injected with ethionine show altered responses to hypertonicity. 3. Increased reticulo-endothelial activity of the spleen, indicated by increased uptake of 59Fe-labelled erythrocytes by liver and spleen, apparently contributes to plasma iron elevation. Also the liver releases iron which further raises plasma iron. PMID- 1236602 TI - Phenazone (antipyrine) metabolism and distribution in young and elderly adults. PMID- 1236603 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tritiated ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin in guinea-pigs. AB - 1. Elimination rates of tritiated ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin after single intravenous administrations were investigated in guinea-pigs, the total radioactivity in whole blood being traced for a period of up to 2 weeks. 2. In the initial rapid phase of elimination between 2 and 30 min following intravenous glycoside administration, the concentration decline of radioactivity in the blood was found to be identical for the three glycosides investigated, this part of the elimination curve displaying a hyperbolic shape. 3. During this early elimination phase, rapid metabolic degradation and excretion of digoxin had already taken place. The maximum concentration of radioactivity in the bile was reached 4 min following intravenous administration of 3H-digoxin. The positive inotropic response occurred in the cat heart-lung preparation 1.5 min after intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of digoxin, indicating a quick occupation of binding sites in the tissues. 4. The biological half-lives of tritiated ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin averaged 11 h, 2.5 days and 4.1 days, respectively, as determined by the terminal exponential elimination phase, in guinea-pigs. This terminal phase was attained 6-12, 7-24, and 24-48 h after administration of ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin, respectively. 5. The findings reveal that in guinea-pig, as has been demonstrated in man, the elimination rates of the three glycosides increase according to their hydrophobic properties. 6. The biological half-lives of tritiated ouabain, digoxin and digitoxin obtained in the guinea-pig closely resemble those found in healthy man. PMID- 1236604 TI - Control of hindlimb vascular resistance in rats chronically sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - 1. Vascular resistance was measured after acute surgical denervation in the blood perfused hind limbs of adult normal rats and rats which had been treated with 6 hydroxydopamine in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. Vascular resistance was significantly higher in the limbs of 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats. 2. No excess of vasoconstrictor materials was detected when blood from 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats was used to perfuse the hind limbs of untreated rats or other 6 hydroxydopamine treated rats. 3. Hind limb blood vessels of 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats showed increased sensitivity to normal amounts of circulating vasoconstrictors of adrenal origin and to intra-arterial infusions of noradrenaline and angiotensin. 4. Infusion of desipramine into the hindlimb blood vessels of 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats did not increase vasoconstrictor responses to infused noradrenaline. Infusion of desipramine into the limbs of untreated rats increased responses to noradrenaline but these never attained the magnitude and duration of responses seen in limbs of 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats. 5. The increased sensitivity to noradrenaline of hindlimb vessels from 6 hydroxydopamine treated rats could partly be accounted for by an absence of neuronal uptake sites and partly by the development of non-specific post junctional supersensitivity. PMID- 1236605 TI - Hormone metabolism and response of adenylate cyclase to parathyroid hormone in kidney. AB - 1. Incubation of parathyroid hormone with plasma membranes from rat kidney cortex resulted in rapid loss of all hormal activity. 2. Chick kidney membranes showed no ability to inactivate parathyroid hormone even with prolonged incubation. 3. Biologically active, labelled parathyroid hormone was degraded to fragments by rat kidney membranes, but not by chick kidney. 4. Hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase activity in a mixture of rat and chick kidney membranes was additive. 5. Parathyroid hormone bound specifically to chick kidney palsma membranes. 6. It is concluded that hormone in activation during incubation has little relevance to the effectiveness of parathyroid hormone in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in kidney, and furthermore that failure of chick kidney to metabolize the hormone is not the explanation for the greater sensitivity of this species to the hormone. PMID- 1236606 TI - Interaction between drugs and potassium-rich solutions in producing contraction in bovine tracheal smooth muscle: studies in normal and calcium-depleted tissues. AB - 1. The contracture normally induced in isolated bovine tracheal smooth muscle by potassium-rich solution was abolished by removal of the extracellular calcium. The contraction returned when calcium was added to the solution in a concentration greater than 0.05 mmol/l. 2. The amplitudes of the potassium contracture, and of the contractile responses to histamine and acetylcholine in normal physiological solutions, declined at low temperatures (15-25 degrees C). If drugs were added during the plateau phase of the potassium contracture, the extra tension developed above the contracture did not change with temperature. 3. Calcium-depletion reduced the responses to drugs, and repeated application of the drugs in calcium-free solution produced progressively smaller contractions, suggesting that an intracellular store of calcium was being used up. 4. Depolarization of calcium-depleted tracheal muscle by high-K+ solution without calcium produced responses to drugs which were larger than those in sodium-based calcium-free solutions. There was no potentiation in a solution in which sodium was replaced by sucrose, suggesting that potassium was not acting simply by replacing the sodium. 5. It is suggested that depolarization of the membrane by potassium makes available a fraction of bound calcium which was not available in calcium-free sodium-based solution. PMID- 1236607 TI - The role of the kidney in essential hypertension. AB - 1. Many forms of human and experimental hypertension begin with compromised renal function. Essential hypertension may be another such case. 2. The kidneys of subjects with essential hypertension excrete normal amounts of salt and water at higher-than-normal renal perfusing pressures. Other overt signs of renal dysfunction are few; renal disease is excluded by definition. However, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are usually less than normal in essential hypertension. 3. Renal afferent resistance can be calculated from arterial pressure, renal blood flow, and an estimate of glomerular capillary pressure. These calculations indicate that afferent resistance is increased to two or more times normal in essential hypertension. 4. It is not clear whether afferent constriction causes hypertension or results from it. The ability of high pressure to produce vascular damage points to the latter. But, most essential hypertensives show low-to-normal plasma renin levels and a marked afferent dilation after saline loading. These observations do not suggest nephrosclerosis: they are consistent with a causal role for afferent constriction. 5. We can speculate that, in essential hypertension, there is a defect in one of the mechanisms that sets afferent resistance. Afferent constriction could result from extrinsic influences (neural or humoral) or something totally within the kidney, such as abnormal handling of information from the macula densa. 6. The effect of afferent constriction on salt-and-water excretion would theoretically be offset by elevated arterial pressure so that the actual salt-and-water excretion would be normal, but only so long as the arterial pressure remained elevated. PMID- 1236608 TI - The inhibition of renin secretion in the isolated rat kidney by clonidine hydrochloride (Catapres). AB - 1. The effect of clonidine HCl on basal and isoprenaline-stimulated renin secretion was examined in the isolated rat kidney. 2. Intrarenal infusion of clonidine at a dose level which did not increase renal perfusion pressure (1.9 nmol min-1 g-1), significantly lowered basal renin secretion without altering the stimulatory response to isoprenaline. 3. Increasing the dose of clonidine (3.4 nmol min-1 g-1) raised renal perfusion pressure, lowered perfusate flow rate and attenuated the response in renin secretion to isoprenaline. 4. Since the vasoconstrictor effect of clonidine is considered to be due to alpha-adrenergic stimulation, this observation is similar to a previous study reporting suppression of renin secretion by vasoconstrictor infusions of catecholamines (Vandongen & Peart, 1974). 5. These studies demonstrate a direct intrarenal inhibitory effect of clonidine on renin secretion. It is suggested that this may contribute to the suppression of plasma renin levels observed in vivo following administration of this drug. PMID- 1236609 TI - Independence of oral contraceptive-induced changes in glucose tolerance and plasma cortisol levels. AB - 1. Following a 50 g oral glucose load, plasma glucose concentrations and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in twenty-five young healthy women. 2. When compared to controls, oral contraceptive users (OC-users) were found to show a small but significant decrease in glucose tolerance while plasma cortisol values were increased more than two-fold. 3. The decreased glucose tolerance in OC-users did not show a significant correlation with raised plasma cortisol levels. PMID- 1236610 TI - The laboratory section--a diamond jubilee. PMID- 1236611 TI - State and territorial public health laboratories: the collective experience. AB - Directors of State and Territorial Public-Health Laboratories have realized for many years that they needed to join together to compare and appraise their operations, identify common problems, and take steps leading to improvement of services provided. Before these objectives could be accomplished, a data base, built from contributions by all the laboratories, was necessary. This article is intended to give a general historical overview of the efforts at data collection and the establishment of a solid data base covering workload and activities of the laboratories which form the Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratories. The Consolidated Annual Report (CAR) on State and Territorial Public Health Laboratories--Fiscal Year 1973 is the 10th consecutive report of data concerning these laboratories. The annual issues of the CAR have served as a foundation from which additional documents covering position classification and pay, guide class job specifications, laboratory training activities, and relative values assigned to laboratory tests in measuring costs and workload have evolved over the past decade. Collectively, these documents provide the solid data base available today. PMID- 1236612 TI - Absorbed heterophile and ox-cell hemolysin test in serodiagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. AB - The accuracy of the absorbed heterophile and the ox-cell hemolysin procedures was compared by testing of 1577 sera routinely submitted to the State Laboratory of Hygiene for serodiagnosis of IM. Results of both tests were in agreement with 1369 (86.8%) sera; additional 122 (7.7%) samples yielded minor disagreements in results. Major discrepancies in results were seen with 86 sera (5.4%). On basis of clinical data peripheral blood smear findings, tests comprising our IM syndrome test battery, and additional serologic tests, we concluded that in most instances of ox-cell hemolysin positive heterophile negative findings, there was evidence to support a diagnosis of IM. Such support was lacking in a majority of cases with heterophile positive, ox-cell negative findings, and in several of these patients infection with agents other than EBV was suggested. On the basis of comparisons of sensitivity, specificity, cost and ease of performance, the ox cell hemolysin test appears to offer several advantages over the other available IM serodiagnostic procedures for a public health laboratory performing a large number of tests. PMID- 1236613 TI - New medium for isolation of Corynebacterium vaginale from genital specimens. AB - Corynebacterium vaginale was isolated from 48 (23.4%) cervical, vaginal, and urethral swabbings of 205 female outpatients. A new medium modified from peptone starch dextrose agar was used to isolate C. vaginale from most specimens. The new medium contained starch without dextrose with brom cresol purple added. With the exception of certain strains of streptococci, C. vaginale was the only organism isolated from genital specimens that grew and fermented starch on the medium. The new medium provided a rapid means of detecting and isolating C. vaginale compared to other media, and for estimating the relative predominance of the organism in mixed culture. Gram strains were used to detect clue cells in direct smears of clinical material. These cells were detected in only 12 of 48 specimens from which C. vaginale was isolated. Smears on 8 additional specimens contained clue cells but C. vaginale was not isolated. Purple broth base was superior to cystine trypticase agar for confirmatory tests with C. vaginale. PMID- 1236614 TI - Steam sterilization: a comparison of Steam-Clox and some european biological indicators. AB - Results of a study of the reaction of a chemical indicator (Steam-Clox) and of two biological indicators exposed to steam sterilization with varying amounts of air introduced with the steam, indicate that the chemical indicator is capable of detecting significantly smaller amounts of air than either of the biological indicators tested. PMID- 1236616 TI - Environmental microbiologic sampling in the hospital. PMID- 1236615 TI - The effects of acute infection on blood lead, copper, and zinc levels in children. AB - Recent reports in the literature have presented results showing a decrease in blood zinc levels accompanied by an increase in blood copper levels during acute infection. The purpose of this study was to determine possible shifts in whole blood lead as well as whole blood zinc and copper during such a stress state. The total survey population of 73 was divided into 21 children with non-infectious diseases, 40 children with acute infections and 12 asymptomatic lead poisoned children admitted for elective chelation therapy. No differences between whole blood lead levels for acute and non-infectious groups were determined. Zinc levels for controls were significantly greater than those in both the infected and the asymptomatic lead intoxicated groups. Copper levels were elevated in the infected group compared to controls but this elevation was significant only when associated with temperatures over 102 F. PMID- 1236617 TI - Public health laboratories and the future. PMID- 1236618 TI - Hospital infections with pigmented water bacteria. AB - Two types of cultures normally expected to be sterile, i.e., urine and blood, were chosen for review at a large university hospital. The bacteria isolated from urine cultures during 1966-70 and from blood cultures from 1966-73 are listed. Two organisms, Flavobacterium meningosepticum and Pseudomonas cepacia, were selected for more detailed study and review. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns for these two organisms are presented. PMID- 1236619 TI - Microorganisms in heated nebulizers. AB - Out of 353 heated nebulizers in actual use which were cultured in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, 118 (33%) were found to be contaminated. Gram-negative organisms predominated with rare micrococci and fungi. A slow-growing Vibrio was also recovered from 4 nebulizers. Heating of nebulizers above 46 C resulted in significant reduction of contamination. Types of heated nebulizers also figured significantly in the rate of contamination found. Carefully considered recommendations for the care and use of respiratory therapy equipment must be instituted and enforced. Techniques for terminal disinfection of equipment, followed by sterilization should result in the issue of sterile equipment for each patient. Rules for maintenance of equipment at the bedside are also needed. PMID- 1236620 TI - Gram-negative water bacteria in hemodialysis systems. AB - Gram-negative bacteria can multiply relatively fast in a variety of hospital associated fluids ranging from distilled, deionized, reverse osmosis, and softened water, which are normally considered devoid of nutrients, to intravenous solutions and fluids associated with hemodialysis. Excessive levels of these bacteria in the dialysate of artificial kidney machines can be responsible for pyrogenic reactions or sepsis or both. PMID- 1236621 TI - Gonorrhea screening program in New York State. AB - Of 171,089 mailed specimens examined for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 88% were submitted by family planning clinics, physicians in private practice, and other non-VD clinics. To process a large volume of specimen bottles, we developed a swab-oxidase test and demonstrated it to be reliable for the initial screening of all specimens. Our protocol permitted the isolation and confirmation by sugar fermentation of 95% of all presumed N. gonorrhoeae cultures within 1 or 2 days after growth was observed. The results obtained over a 2-year period indicate that the positivity rate is directly related to the lag period between specimen collection and examination. There was no adverse effect of cold weather on the positivity rate, but, irrespective of the season, 3 to 9% of the positive specimens required incubation for 3 days before gonococcal growth appeared. PMID- 1236622 TI - Identification of pigmented gram negative bacilli. AB - Identification of chromogenic gram-negative bacilli on the basis of pigment production as a taxonomic criterion is unreliable. Because of this, a wide range of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of bacteria in this category was examined. The salient features found to be useful for identification of pigmented bacilli, including Flavobacterium, Xanthomonas, the fluorescent pseudomonads, Pseudomonas cepacia, P. stutzeri, P. maltophilia, P. putrefaciens, and Group VE, are reviewed. PMID- 1236623 TI - Staphylococcus aureus recoveries on various brands of membrane filters. AB - Six commercial brands of membrane filters were compared using staphylococcus aureus obtained from pure cultures and from swimming pool water. The following brands of filters were tested: Gelman, Millipore, Nuclepore, Oxoid, Sartorius, and Selectron. Standard membrane filter (MF) procedures and m-Staphylococcus broth were used in the evaluation. Analysis of the results was performed by comparing filter recoveries to the standard plate count using the t-test and the coefficient of variation. The data revealed that recovery on Nuclepore filters was consistently lower than the other brands and showed a wider degree of variation from the mean. All organisms recovered from the pool were gram-positive cocci, and the colonies ranged from white to yellow-gold in color. Approximately 15% of both the white and yellow-gold colonies were coagulase-positive, indicating that colony color alone does not denote the presence of coagulase positive S. aureus. Since there was no correlation between colony color of the organisms recovered on membrane filters and the presence of coagulase, the feasibility of coagulase testing only the yellow-gold colonies for bathing water analysis is questionable. PMID- 1236624 TI - Evaluation of laboratory management training. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if motivation to manage increased simultaneously with planned-for cognitive learning of management. A management course designed to stimulate cognitive learning was studied. It was presented to supervisors in hospital, independent, and public health laboratories. Two groups of 22 and 26 participants, respectively, were identified to be studied. Measures of cognition and motivation were taken before and after training. The analysis revealed statistically significant increases in cognitive learning in both study groups. The analysis of motivational data did not reveal a statistically significant increase in motivation to manage for either group. It was concluded that it is possible to stimulate cognitive learning of management if such learning is consciously planned. It was also concluded that under the experimental conditions, motivation to manage does not increase when it is treated as incidental to the planned-for cognitive learning. PMID- 1236625 TI - Variations in the level of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin in patients with cancer. AB - The concentration of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin (PAM) was determined in the blood of patients with various cancers. PAM was detectable in subjects with all types of malignant disease studied, and the level of the serum protein correlated well with the course of the disease: the concentration increased before clinical recognition of metastases and decreased significantly on successful treatment. Periodic PAM determinations may allow detection of tumour recurrence while it is still at a treatable stage and could aid in the evaluation of therapy. PMID- 1236626 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in malignant disease. AB - Resting fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolytic capacity were compared in 31 patients with malignant disease and in 24 control subjects without malignant disease. Patients with malignant disease had a lower mean fibrinolytic activity: this was particularly marked in those with disseminated disease. In contrast, patients with malignant disease had a fibrinolytic capacity which did not differ from that of the control subjects. PMID- 1236627 TI - Plasma erythropoietin assay in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Using the post-hypoxic mouse method of assay, values for erythropoietin in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure were equal to, or greater than, normal values. Results suggest that the source of erythropoietin may be primarily extrarenal. Normal renal tissue, provided in the assay by the intact mouse, is required for activation of the hormone. There still remains to be explained the enhanced erythropoietic response to haemorrhage or hypoxia that can occur in anephric man. PMID- 1236628 TI - Renal dysplasia in nephrectomy specimens from adolescents and adults. AB - In a review of 156 total or partial nephrectomy specimens from patients over the age of 12 years, renal dysplasia was found 14 times. The cases were divided initially into five groups on the basis of the predominant pathological changes, namely (1) dysplasia (14 cases), (2) chronic pyelonephritis (31 cases), (3) calculous inflammation (58 cases), (4) hydronephrosis (35 cases), and (5) miscellaneous (18 cases). The diagnosis of dysplasia was made on gross and microscopic criteria and included 12 of segmental dysplasia, one of total dysplasia, and one multicystic dysplastic kidney. The principal differential diagnosis is from the irregularly scarred chronic pyelonephritic kidney. The criteria for the separation of the two are emphasized and, in particular, the distinction from those pyelonephritic kidneys with aglomerular scars. A high incidence of anomalies of drainage was found in association with dysplasia, but such were not always present. It was not thought that intrarenal reflux in infancy was an aetiological factor. Six of the cases presented with urinary infection, but only two had hypertension. It was thought that acquired glomerular damage was more important in the aetiology of hypertension than segmental glomerular agenesis. PMID- 1236629 TI - Necropsy study on glomerulonephritis in the elderly. AB - The necropsy reports and clinical observations of 44 cases of glomerulonephritis occurring in patients over 55 years old were reviewed. Two-thirds of the patients died from a rapidly progressive renal disease with focal necrotizing and fibrosing glomerular lesions; half of these exhibited a granulomatous splenic trabeculitis; an associated vasculitis was found in only a minority of these cases. Another important group consisted of cases of acute diffuse glomerulonephritis which, as a rule, occurred in association with a major infection. There were only four cases of chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1236630 TI - Interpretation of respiratory tract histology in cot deaths. AB - The degree of inflammation in the trachea, bronchi, and lungs of 139 cot deaths has been analysed and each case allocated to one of four groups. In group I the changes were considered to be serious enough to have caused death, while group II cases showed similar abnormalities but of a less severe nature, and in this group there was some doubt as to whether they were a significant cause of death. Group III lesions were very minor in type and were not considered to be serious enough to have resulted in the death of the child. There was a good correlation between the degree of inflammation in the respiratory tract, and whether or not bacteria of any type were grown. The great majority of the bacterial pathogens were isolated from the first two groups. Respiratory viruses were isolated from three of the four cases of acute bronchiolitis included in group I, and also from a group II case which showed considerable bronchiolar inflammation. One-third of the cases with minor inflammation in the lung parenchyma (group III) showed some evidence of recent virus infection. PMID- 1236631 TI - Quantitative study of uterine curettage in the menstrual cycle. AB - The histological appearances in 114 endometrial curettings from cases of dysfunctional bleeding have been analysed quantitatively by the method of Dunnill and Whitehead (1972) and Risdon and Keeling (1974). As applied to this type of specimen, the technique provides indices of both tubular volume and tubular surface to volume ratio. The histological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is made from the increase in stromal and epithelial elements and the change in the pattern of the glands. These changes, on some occasions, can be difficult to detect. Quantitative analysis can be used to distinguish minor degrees of abnormal endometrial hyperplasia, in comparing serial endometrial changes in a given patient, and in comparing different menstrual cycles in dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Endometrial biopsies were collected and put in categories according to the clinical diagnosis. These biopsies were then examined morphometrically to find the volume/glandular surface and glandular/volume ratio. A significant change in these ratios was found. PMID- 1236632 TI - Laboratory procedures for the isolation of chlamydia trachomatis from the human genital tract. AB - The technique of isolating Chlamydia trachomatis from the human gential tract by centrifuging clinical specimens on to cell monolayers with subsequent incubation has been improved and simplified. Gentamicin in the media was found to be superior to streptomycin in reducing bacterial contamination of specimens. The infectivity of chlamydial suspensions of laboratory cultured material was significantly reduced by storage at +4 degrees C for more than 48 hours, and by immediate freezing to -70 degrees C. When compared with immediate processing of the specimens, freezing to -70 degrees C was found to reduce the isolation rate of C.trachomatis from men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) by approximately 20%. McCoy cells pretreated with idoxuridine were compared with irradiated McCoy cells for the isolation of C. trachomatis from clinical specimens. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between the two systems, but the former is considerably simpler. The effect of the centrifugal force used for inoculating specimens on to the cell monolayers on the isolation rate of C. trachomatis was studied in groups of men with NGU. Maximal isolation rates were obtained with forces of about 3000 G, which were not significantly raised by further increasing the force used. It is suggested that the isolation of C. trachomatis from the genital tract is now well within the capacity of any laboratory equipped with simple cell culture facilities. PMID- 1236633 TI - Modifications to improve the reliability of the coulter 'S'. PMID- 1236634 TI - Counterelectrophoresis on human serum in coxsackie virus infections. PMID- 1236636 TI - Problems of nomenclature III: ambiguous abbreviations and catchwords. AB - To avoid ambiguity, the following emendations are advocated: (1) 2H, in place of H2, to designate the second histamine receptor; (2) HN-2, in place of HN2, to designate mechlorethamine (MBA);(3) 'pre-drug', in place of 'pro-drug', to describe molecular species which must undergo biotransormation before yielding an effective drug. PMID- 1236635 TI - Surgical diseases of childhood. PMID- 1236637 TI - Effect of thyroxine on histamine metabolism in mice. PMID- 1236638 TI - Methyl derivatives of histamine; interaction with histamine metabolism. AB - Several histamine analogs, with ring or side chain methyl groups, were tested for interaction with certain aspects of 14C-histamine metabolism. The physiological catabolite, denoted as 3-methylhistamine under the nomenclature we have adopted, is known to inhibit histamine methylation in vitro and in vivo. At low concentrations, all analogs inhibited histamine methylation by mouse brain homogenates; however 3-methylhistamine was completely ineffective against the highly active enzyme from rat didney, while 2-methylhistamine was most effective. None of the drugs showed a significant effect on in vivo formation of 14C histamine by mouse stomach. All analogs had a definite effect on the distribution and fate of intravenously injected 14C-histamine. The 2-methyl analog was the strongest in vivo inhibitor of histamine methylation, and 3-methylhistamine next. The side chain N-methylated histamies altered uptake of 14C-histamine in some tissues but inhibited methylation weakly, if at all. Data on blood kidney and urine for 4-methylhistamine were unique, and suggested some effect on tubular reabsorption. 2-methylhistamine may prove to be the inhibitor of choice for in vivo studies on histamine methylation. PMID- 1236639 TI - Amplification of the bradykinin response in rat uterus by pCMB-Dextran T 10. AB - pCMB-Dextran T 10,a large, non-penetrating SH-blocking reagent caused a reversible amplification of bradykinin sensituvity in the isolated rat uterus. High concentrations of this compound (1 x 10-3 M) can evoke spontaneous uterus contraction. pCMB-Dextran T 10 did not alter the biological activity of bradykinin. It is assumed that superficial membrane SH-groups are involved in the uterus contraction mechanism. PMID- 1236640 TI - Leucocyte migration and lysosomal enzymes release in rat carrageenin pleurisy. AB - The time course of rat carrageenin pleurisy has been studied. The inflammatory reaction is characterized by exudate formation and massive leucocyte emigration into the pleural space both reaching peak values at 24 hours. Moreover betaglucuronidase, acid phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase have been assayed in the exudate. The activity of lysosomal enzymes parallels the severity of the inflammatory response, while that of cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase resulted unmodified. Treatment of animals with indomethacin, phenylbutazone, aspirin and flufenamic acid inhibited both exudate formation and leucocyte emigration. In contrast none of these drugs was able to reduce lysosomal enzyme release. PMID- 1236642 TI - An experimental method for the study of unconscious conflict. PMID- 1236641 TI - The anti=inflammatory properties of isoxicam (4-hydroxy-2methyl-N-(5-methyl 3isoxolyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide). AB - Isoxicam is a potent, orally active, nonsteroidal anti-inflammarory drug with prolonged activtiy in experimentally induced inflammation in rats. Isoxicam is less ulcerogenic, acutely less toxic and, therefore, appears to have a therapeutic ratio superior to other standard agents to which it was compared. PMID- 1236643 TI - [Relations between coronary angiography and exercise test]. PMID- 1236644 TI - [Proceedings: A mobile coronary care unit at the Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen]. AB - Cardiac death after a myocardial infarction occurs most frequently within the first hour after onset of symptoms and in nearly 2/3 of cases before transfer to a hospital. Mortality therefore should be influenced by shortening of the prehospital phase. At moderate cost a mobile coronary care unit (Kardiomobil) has been introduced at the Cantonal Hospital, St. Gall. Experience and results of the first year of the service are reported. 82 out of 142 patients transported by Kardiomobil proved to have myocardial infarction. Two patients with ventricular fibrillation were defibrillated, with one longterm success. Sixteen cases of potentially life threatening arrhythmias were successfully treated. The mean period from onset of symptoms to alerting a doctor was 1 h 15 min, while the mean period from onset of infarction to entry into the hospital CCU was 3 hrs. PMID- 1236645 TI - [Personality of patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1236646 TI - [Effect of certain medico-social factors on work capacity of women who had myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1236647 TI - Yo-yo children-victims of matrimonial violence. PMID- 1236648 TI - [Results of multiple examinations of exemplary and complicated pupils]. PMID- 1236649 TI - [Traumatic cataract and intra-ocular lens]. PMID- 1236650 TI - [Lateral thoracotomy without dissection of the muscles and lateral neural vascular bundle]. PMID- 1236651 TI - In vitro studies on steroid metabolism of testicular tissue in ambisexual teleost fish. PMID- 1236652 TI - [Study of the hemodynamics in the excess pressure respiration test]. PMID- 1236653 TI - New alpha-substituted arylthioacetic derivatives forming analogues of clofibrate. AB - Synthesis of some alpha-substituted arylthioacetic acids and esters forming analogues of clofibrate and of nafenopin (SU-13437) is reported and discussed. With a view to evaluating the influence of the introduction of a sulphur atom on the blood-lipid-reducing activity, preliminary pharmacological tests have been carried out on alpha-[4-(1-tetralyl)phenylthio] isobutyric acid (XIV) in parallel with its well-known phenoxy isologue. The results obtained so far, do not show any significant difference between the two compounds. PMID- 1236654 TI - [The effect of music on sports performance]. PMID- 1236655 TI - Marijuana: its meaning to a high school population. AB - The present study investigated the meaning of the concept of marijuana as measured by both a semantic differential rating scale and a questionnaire. The responses of 100 male and female high school students (50 users, 50 nonusers) indicated that marijuana usage was primarily related to the pleasure of the high, while abstinence was associated with potential harmfulness of the drug to health and practical situational factors. The general response profile corresponded closely to that of a parallel college sample reported in an earlier study by LaDriere and Szczepkowski, suggesting that neither age and educational level nor sex constituted meaningful variables in drug use motivation. Finally the hypothesis that motivational factors specifically associated with adolescent dynamics--including needs for independence, social acceptance, and adventure- might influence the data of the high school sample was not confirmed. PMID- 1236656 TI - Cannabis and its users in Nepal. AB - Cannabis is easily available in Nepal, large numbers of persons using it regularly. I have studied its effects on 226 persons who had been using it for a long time and in considerable amount. As a control group I used an equal number of men of matching age and education. Compared with the controls, the cannabis users had a poor work record, poor social and family relationships, a lack of interest in sex and a general loss of initiative and efficiency. However, there was no difference in crime rate between the groups. PMID- 1236657 TI - Studies of higher nervous activity in functional phychoses. AB - Psychiatric illnesses can be conceived of as experiments of nature, providing a variety of pathopsychological mechanisms which may elucidate normal psychological processes. Clinically the reactive psychoses are predominantly psychogenic reaction types. They present disturbances of higher nervous activity, similar to those of the neuroses. The unconditional reflex activity is practically as in normal controls, and the most outstanding finding was the large effect of psychodynamic complex structures. This is a physiological parallel to the clinical manifestations with great concern over experienced mental trauma. In the manic-depressive psychoses the most characteristic feature is a marked disturbance of unconditional reflex activity. This factor may be an important physiological mechanism underlying the more biological than psychodynamic reaction type and partly explain the changes of mood and associated interferences with sleep, body weight, sexual activity, aggression and other instinctual and vegetative functions. Schizophrenic psychoses also present changes of unconditional reflex activity, predominantly in the direction of inhibition of response. In addition there are severe dissociations within and between the three levels of unconditional reflexes and the two signaling systems. It is suggested that schizophrenia represents a functional maladaptation, which can be explained from the principles of autokinesis and schizokinesis established by Gantt in animal experiments. Prognostic models based on experimentally established impairment of performances were shown to predict long-term risks of schizophrenic defects just as well as models based on constellations of clinical symptoms. I would predict that psychophysiology and experimental psychology will become increasingly more important for establishing diagnosis and prognosis in the functional psychoses. The data of this article point toward a basis for a prophylactic psychiatry. PMID- 1236658 TI - [The midbrain and psychotic symptoms: findings and problems]. PMID- 1236659 TI - [Involutional myelopathy probably caused by antiepileptics in a subject with atypical epileptic crises due to probable hypoglycemic component and with secondary psychotic manifestations]. PMID- 1236660 TI - Some physical and vegetative reactions in shipyard workers exposed to the action of noxious chemical compounds. PMID- 1236661 TI - Psychological alienation: isolation and self-estrangement. PMID- 1236662 TI - [Proceedings: Experimental studies on electromyography of the digestive tract]. PMID- 1236664 TI - [Proceedings: Study of gastrointestinal motility using an extraluminal force transducer. 7. Observation of gastric and duodenal motility using various hormones]. PMID- 1236663 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in denervation sensitivity of the gastric smooth muscle caused by carbachol stimulation]. PMID- 1236665 TI - [Proceedings: Differences between the effects of non-adrenergic inhibitory nerve stimulation and relaxation produced by adenine nucleotide and serotonin (5-HT) in the rectum and colon of the chicken]. PMID- 1236666 TI - Histoplasmosis: long term remission following treatment with low dose amphotericin-B. PMID- 1236667 TI - [Classification of peptic ulcer in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1236668 TI - The HMO concept and its current status. PMID- 1236669 TI - Aseptic bone necrosis survey in compressed air workers. PMID- 1236670 TI - Some reproductive aspects in albino rats treated with steroids. PMID- 1236672 TI - Further experience with proptosis in children. PMID- 1236671 TI - Surgical management of congenital cataract. PMID- 1236675 TI - Leiomyosarcoma in the rectum in the newborn period. (A case report). PMID- 1236674 TI - Biochemical and clinical study for the role of tacrine as succinylcholine extender. PMID- 1236673 TI - Histochemical studies of renal biopsies of nephrotic children. AB - Histopathological and histochemical studies were done on renal biopsies taken from twenty nephrotic children and thirty Albino rats of which fifteen were rendered nephrotic by the intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum and the other fifteen served as controls. There were reduced activities of succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases enzymes. These changes may be secondary to the insult which caused the nephrotic syndrome, or the result of the heavy proteinuria. In conclusion, a derangement in carbohydrate metabolism may underlie the disturbed metabolism of the basement membrane, the distortion of the foot-processes, and the tubular dysfunction. PMID- 1236676 TI - [The mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation in the metabolic process]. AB - The mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation in metabolic paths of autotrophic organisms is considered. The principal features of the mechanism proposed are: 1) the emergence of a one-stage kinetic isotope effect of pyruvate decarboxylation during respiration resulting in the formation of two flows of the carbon substrate with different isotope compositions; 2) the multiplication of the one stage isotope effect by means of the repeated circulation of a light isotope fraction (C2-fragments) in lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and by the simultaneous removal of a heavy isotope carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle. On the basis of the above mechanism carbon isotope effects are explained of CO2 assimilation and respiration as well as sequential decrease of 13C content in the series of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. The cuase of the enrichment of the whole organisms in the light isotope in respect to the carbon dioxide of the environment is discussed. PMID- 1236678 TI - Male-like sexual behaviour of female rats with unilateral lesions in the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclear region. AB - In castrated female rats treated with androgen or oestrogen a significant decrease of female sexual behaviour assocated with a significant increase of male sexual behaviour was induced by unilateral lesions of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. PMID- 1236679 TI - [Course of Trypanosoma musculi infections in NMRI mice (author's transl)]. AB - The trypanosomes multiply during prepatency after minimal infection by a factor of 2.2-3.6 per day. During patency, increase of trypanosome number in the peripheral blood is basically non-logarithmic as the actual proliferating forms remain hidden in special vascular areas (kidney, placenta). The mean increase during patency is approximately linear, typically by 1-10 trypanosomes per 10(4) erythrocytes per day, and depends on the number of infective organisms introduced. - Length of parasitemia is 13-40 days, it is partly determined genetically. Prolonged parasitemias, very low in the later stages, were seen in mice preinfected with Trypanosoma congolense. - In 1 mouse with minimal infection, parasitemia only became patent 63 days after infection under the stress of an added infection with Trypanosoma brucei. - Parasitemia can be terminated by antiserum. Application of antiserum 3 or 4 days after infection may even suppress the development of immunity and priming. - Massive reinfection leads to parasitemia of up to 8 days duration without parasite multiplication. PMID- 1236680 TI - [Combined clofibrate-chlorpropamide therapy in diabetes insipidus complicated with diabetes mellitus]. AB - The authors observed the incidence of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus in three cases. The combined clofibrat-chlorpropamide treatment proved to be successful. They succeeded in ceasing the daily insuline by giving the two drugs together. The daily diuresis diminished considerably in all three patients. The authors advise the combined clofibrat-chlorpropamide treatment in the incidence of the two diseases. This is especially reasonable when there is a disturbance in the lipoid metabolism. PMID- 1236681 TI - Relationship between the dose of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (ddavp) and the antidiuretic response in man. AB - A definite relationship was found between the dose of DDAVP (1-24 mug intravenously and 5-320 mug intranasally) and the antidiuretic effects (expressed in changes in free water clearance per 100 ml GFR and in urine osmolality determined in 24 hour urine collection periods) in 7 patients with diabetes insipidus. The relationship was more conspicuous when the second 12 hour antidiuretic responses were considered, indicating a dose-dependent prolongation of the antidiuretic action. Time-curves of the antidiuretic responses proved the dose-dependent prolongation of the duration of antidiuretic action. Second 12 hour antidiuretic response increased more markedly when DDAVP was given divided in two doses a day as compared to the effects of the same quantity of the drug given as a single dose; only by the administration of excessive single doses the effects of the divided doses could be reproduced. PMID- 1236682 TI - Luetic aortitis in El Salvador. PMID- 1236683 TI - When should peritoneal dialysis be considered in elderly patients? PMID- 1236684 TI - Medico-cultural conflicts in Asian settings: An explanatory theory. PMID- 1236685 TI - Thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, and sarcoidosis. PMID- 1236686 TI - Regional mapping of TPI, LDH-B, Pep-B on chromosome 12 of man. PMID- 1236687 TI - Dilemma in a case of Turcot's (glioma--polyposis) syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 1236688 TI - The predictive and prognostic implications of coronary arteriography. PMID- 1236689 TI - [Absolute and relative indications for the use of colloid volume substitutes]. PMID- 1236690 TI - [Drug treatment of bone-marrow insufficiency]. PMID- 1236691 TI - [Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 1236692 TI - [Methods of periodical sport-medical monitoring of students]. PMID- 1236693 TI - [Electrolytes following carbohydrate infusion in healthy subjects]. PMID- 1236694 TI - [Middle molecules separation from uraemic serum (author's transl)]. AB - The following method is proposed to make the serum concentration of the middle molecules evident and to isolate them: 1) Fractioning of serum by gel filtration with sephadex G 75 columns in order to eliminate proteins and other substances with mol. weight less than 3,000-3,500. 2) Collection of fractions with mol. weight greater than 3,000-3,500 their lyophilisation and their successive gel filtration by sephadex G 15 columns. The concentration of substances in the single fractions is evaluated by ultraviolet light absorption (wave length 254 nm). The peaks of the patterns show a great difference between normals and uremics. The uremic peaks are always higher than normals. The mol. weight the substances in the peaks obtained by gel filtration with sephadex G 75 and G 15 was verified by radiolabelled substances of known mol. weight added before gel filtration. The substances isolated by sephadex G 75 from 10 and 20 cases of uremics and normal controls were diafiltered by Diaflo membrane UM 05 (nominal mol. weight cut - off 500). The diafiltered substances (mol. weight between 500 and 3,500) were investigated. A great difference between uremics and normal controls of dry mol. weight was observed, while the percentage concentration of C, H, N and of amino acids evaluated after acid hydrolysis showed no difference between the two groups. The liberation of amino acids after acid hydrolysis confirmed the presence of peptides among the middle molecules. Middle molecules in the urine of uremic and normal subjects have been investigated by the same method. PMID- 1236695 TI - Accident mortality among men at the working ages. PMID- 1236696 TI - [Rubella problems in medical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236697 TI - [Carcinoma of the larynx; diagnosis, treatment and prognosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236698 TI - [Editorial: Leg pain: new aspects of the problem of ischialgia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236699 TI - [Indication and experience with an intravenously administered aldosterone antagonist (soldactone) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236700 TI - Simultaneous use of vaccines, indications, contraindications. PMID- 1236701 TI - [New vaginal desinfectant, treating with consideration the doderleinflora, for the therapy of unspecific vaginitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236702 TI - [Editorial: The computer as a tool in study and control of arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236704 TI - [Prognostic value of electroencephalography in children with BNS convulsions]. PMID- 1236703 TI - [The systems of health services and its participation in attaining higher levels of health]. PMID- 1236705 TI - [Actual and future tasks of diagnosis and care of mucoviscidosis children in the DDR]. PMID- 1236706 TI - [Gonadal dysgenesis, A follow-up study of 25 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is a rather frequent type of sex chromosome aberration, the rate being approximately 1 in 2000 newborn females. Many problems arise from this condition, not only in terms of symptomatology and diagnosis but mainly concerning the long term medical care. 25 patients with the "pure" GD-syndrome (cytogenetic type 45 X), or mosaicism without Y-cells, ranging in age between 4 and 35 years were studied. The data of the family- and birth history, symptoms of dysmorphism, cytogenetics, longitudinal growth, "maturation" with and without hormone therapy will be presented. From our series it could be confirmed that the full phenotype of Turner's syndrome occurs only in the 45 X-type. Mosaic cases often lack some of the Turner's-symptoms, but dwarfism was always present. Adult final height resulted between 140 and 145 cms, usually. No positive influence of hormone substitution on body-growth could be found. An important part of the study was the follow-up of psychosocial development of 6 patients between 20 and 35 years of age, who showed a better integration into normal life than anticipated. Details on all the patients from psychosocial view points can be found in the following paper of this issue, by Dr. L. Haselbacher. PMID- 1236707 TI - [Technics of sialography]. PMID- 1236708 TI - [Standardization of the peak expiratory flow rate]. AB - Five successive measurements of the peak expiratory flow rate have been made on a large number of children and adolescents in various age groups and both sexes. The predominant part of the increase in individual performance is already achieved during the first three trials. Besides, the maximum value of the five measurements apparently does not differ essentially from the mean value of the two or three highest measurements. PMID- 1236709 TI - [Suicide attempts and farewell letters of adolescents]. PMID- 1236710 TI - [Empirical research in methodology for estimating health conditions]. PMID- 1236711 TI - [Obligatory care of the physician--legal aspects]. PMID- 1236712 TI - [Behavior of partial oxygen pressure in the scalp of the fetus during physiological uterus contraction]. AB - By means of a proper method for the continuous registration of tissue PO2, the behaviour of the scalp PO2 of the fetus has been investigated during physiological labour. The cases are classified in 5 types of course. A clear increase of PO2 during labour is observed in 45% of the exploited cases. Its dimension runs to 15% of the base value. PMID- 1236713 TI - Laboratory characteristics of British and Dutch strains of cowpox virus. PMID- 1236714 TI - Marfan's disease. PMID- 1236715 TI - The lower esophageal sphincter. Physiologic and clinical aspects. AB - Current concepts in physiology and pathophysiology of lower esophageal sphincteric mechanism are reviewed. With recent advances in manometric method for more accurate in-vivo human studies combined with in-vivo and in-vitro studies in animal models, there is much information regarding function of this sphincter. Three components of sphincter control have been identified: specialized circular smooth muscle at esophagogastric junction, autonomic nervous system, and probable physiology effects of gastrointestinal hormones, particularly gastrin. Clinical syndromes of sphincteric dysfunction have been identified relative to these three controlling elements. Foods and drugs that adversely effect sphincter pressure have been identified and indicate that anticholinergic agents, fatty foods, chocolate, alcohol, and cigarette smoking may have a harmful effect on a patient with heartburn. Drugs that increase the antireflux sphincter barrier have been studied. Clinical effectiveness of antacids and bethanechol in therapy of heartburn is supported by controlled treatment trials. Research continues on other medications producing increases in sphincter pressure. PMID- 1236716 TI - An end point for pneumatic dilation of achalasia. PMID- 1236717 TI - Colonic atresia following necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 1236718 TI - [Frequency of detecting bacteria of the genera Citrobacter and Hafnia in different contingents of examined adults]. AB - A study of the incidence of bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus in adults permitted to establish a greater occurrence of the mentioned microbes in the patients with various acute intestinal diseases in comparison with the healthy ones. Bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus were revealed in the patients with acute intestinal diseases of obscure etiology, which often were diagnosed as gastroenteritis, enteritis, etc. Bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus were revealed in the dysentery patients. Results of studies carried out among various healthy groups of the population indicated no significant differences in respect to the carrier state of the Citrobacter and Hafnia bacteria both within each of the groups of the persons examined and between them. Further studies directed to the investigation of the etiological role of bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus in the pathology of enteric disturbances are necessary. PMID- 1236719 TI - [Certain problems of clinical pharmacology of intestinal diseases]. PMID- 1236720 TI - [Information system in a clinical department (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236721 TI - The effect of cosubstrates on tricarboxylic acid cycle dynamics during pyruvate oxidation: the formation of alpha-ketoglutarate and utilization of glutamate by mitochondria from rabbit brain. PMID- 1236722 TI - [Significance of proteases of the male genital tract for reproduction]. PMID- 1236723 TI - [Implantation of rabbit embryo in the uterus: Significance of embryonic respectively endomethiol enzymes]. PMID- 1236725 TI - [Biocides and environmental chemicals in milk (2)]. PMID- 1236724 TI - [Viability of sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) after infection with promastigotes of different types of Leishmania]. AB - Sand flies were infected with different species of promastigotes from reptiles and warm-blooded animals. Optimal doses of promastigotes were used which ensured the adaptation of Protozoa in the host's intestine. The infection with a mixed culture resulted in the death of most Sand flies: the mortality rate was the highest at the simultaneous introduction of two species and was some what lower at the subsequent infection. The survival of Sand flies infected with one species of leishmania decreased to the greatest extent if "incidental" for them strains of promastigotes were introduced: for Ph. papatasi -- cultures isolated from reptiles, for Sergentomyia arpaklensis -- those isolated from L. tropica major. Natural infection rate of the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia with leishmania of different species agrees with laboratory data on the survival of sand flies. Ph. caucasicus and Ph. papatasi are infected, in general, with L. tropica major, S. arpaklensis -- with L. gymnodactyli. PMID- 1236726 TI - [Sex hormones and related materials as anabolics in the feed: metabolism, formation of residues and human risk]. PMID- 1236727 TI - A study of curiosity, divergent thinking, and test-anxiety. AB - A review of the literature suggested that curiosity was positively related to divergent thinking, and negatively related to test-anxiety. Subjects were male and female 9th and 10th graders (N = 67), 11th and 12th graders (N = 67), and college undergraduates (N = 69). Curiosity was measured by an 80-item self-report scale and an adjective checklist, test-anxiety by a 37-item self-report scale, and divergent thinking by two verbal paper-and-pencil test. The results showed that both measures of curiosity were positively related to divergent thinking in all three groups studied, but that test-anxiety was not significantly related to either curiosity or divergent thinking. Differences in performance by the three groups of subjects were discussed. PMID- 1236728 TI - An appraisal of the American and British health-care systems. AB - 1. A dispassionate comparison of the British and American systems of medical care using conventional guidelines (structure, process, and outcomes) as applied to acknowledged national problems in health and medical care (expense, quality, and distribution) has been made. 2. Dissimilarities in the size of the countries, in the attitudes of physicians, and in homogeneity of populations make it unlikely that the two countries should have identical medical-care systems. 3. The "good features" of the NHS, which by implication might benefit the American system if adopted, are seen to be overshadowed by weakness: a) Relative expensiveness or extravagance of American medicine is seen as underfinancing of the British system. b) Quality of care in Britain is threatened by lack of professional stimulation of generalists, inadequate facilities, and rationing of medical care by prolonged waiting times for elective services. c) Distribution of services is a problem in both countries which will not be corrected by administrative controls but "pegged to incentives" as is true in America. 4. Administrative change in NHS in April 1974 is evidence of internal dissatisfaction. It also demonstrates the need for continual revision of the system; a similar need is made evident by recent legislative proposals in America. 5. Dr. Beeson's final recommendation for voluntary organizational effort by the profession in America has merit. PMID- 1236729 TI - [Angiographic contribution to the diagnosis of hydatid cysts of the liver]. PMID- 1236730 TI - [Discrimination of time intervals during elaboration of conditioned reflexes in preschool children]. PMID- 1236731 TI - [The nature of a low-molecular factor common to molybdenum containing enzymes]. PMID- 1236732 TI - [Characteristics of clinical course of cancer of the organs of the biliary pancreatic-duodenal zone]. PMID- 1236733 TI - [Transrectal thermometry of the prostate in patients with chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 1236734 TI - [Hemangioma and thrombocytopenia (Kasaback-Merritt syndrome)]. PMID- 1236735 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity in patients with carcinoma of the breast and large bowel. AB - The reactivity of lymphocytes from patients with either carcinoma of the breast or large bowel has been studied using the human to mouse normal lymphocyte transfer (NLT) reaction. It was found that, in the case of breast cancer, there was a direct correlation between the clinical stage and a reduced NLT reaction. Only patients with regional lymph node or generalized metastases showed significantly reduced lymphocyte reactivity. However, in the case of large bowel cancer there was a generalized reduction in NLT reactivity which was independent of the clinical stage. Incubation of lymphocytes from individuals without neoplastic disease in serum or plasma from breast cancer patients, showing reduced NLT reactivity, resulted in a reduced NLT reaction. This appears to be indicative of the presence of circulating "blocking factor" in such patients. PMID- 1236736 TI - Menstrual dreams and psychodynamics: emotional conflict and manifest dream content in menstruating women. PMID- 1236737 TI - Changes in plasma amino acid concentrations in man after ingestion of an amino acid mixture simulating casein, and a tryptic hydrolysate of casein. AB - 1. Plasma amino acid levels have been estimated at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min after ingestion of doses of (1) an amino acid mixture simulating casein and (2) a tryptic hydrolysate of casein consisting mainly of oligopeptides. Both doses contained the same amount of nitrogen. 2. After ingestion of both preparations, there was a prompt increase in plasma amino acid levels, followed by a decrease. No such change occurred in fasting subjects. There were no significant differences between increments in plasma amino acid levels after ingestion of the amino acid mixture and the corresponding increments after ingestion of the tryptic hydrolysate. 3. Correlations were found between the areas under the curves for individual amino acid concentrations, after ingestion of the two preparations, and the amino acid composition of casein. The results do not suggest that increases in plasma amino acid levels following small doses of protein digestion products are the result of circadian changes, or that such increases are 'swamped' by absorption of amino acids from endogenous protein in the lumen of the small intestine. PMID- 1236738 TI - Absorption of L-histidine and glucose from the jejunum segment of the pig and its diurnal fluctuation. AB - 1. Flow rate of digesta and its component in the upper jejunum, and the absorption of L-histidine and glucose from the jejunum segment were measured in pigs fitted with three simple cannulas. The pigs were fed once faily at 08.30 hours. 2. Maximum flow of digesta was obtained in the period 10.00-10.30 hours; the flow rate decreased with time after feeding, reaching a minimum in the period 22.00-22.30 hours. 3. The absorption rate for L-histidine and glucose increased in a hyperbolic manner with increasing concentrations of infused test material, which ranged from 2.5 to 20 g/1 for each material. 4. L-histidine and glucose were absorbed nearly independently when perfused in combination. The absorption rates for glucose were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the corresponding rates for L-histidine at each concentration of infusate. 5. The absorption of both L-histidine and glucose expressed as a percentage of the amounts in the perfusate decreased with increasing flow rate of perfusate, from 400 to 800 ml/h. The increase in flow rate from 400 to 800 ml/h was associated with a 20% increase in L-histidine absorption rate; there was a 30% increased in glucose absorption rate when the flow rate was increased to 600 ml/h, but no further incrase at 800 ml/h. 6. The absorption of both L-histidine and glucose decreased with time after feeding; the absorption rates for L-histidine and glucose measured for the period 10.00-22-30 hours were 126 and 133%, respectively, of those measured for the period 22.00-22.30 hours. PMID- 1236739 TI - On the role of lysophosphatides in virus-induced cell fusion and lysis. AB - Three strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV-HP-16, NDV-L-Kansas, and NDV-N) were propagated in chick embryo fibroblasts, equilibrium labeled with 32Pi, and the composition of phospholipid in the membranous envelope of the virions determined. A phospholipid identifed as monoacylphosphatidylserine was consistently observed in the viral strains which are listed as follows in their order of decreasing abundance of lysophosphatidylserine: NDV-HP 16greater than NDV-L-Kansas greater than NDV-N. The phosphatidylserine concentration in the virion envelopes of these strains decreased in proportion to the increase in the monoacylphosphatidylserine concentration. No other lysophosphatide was observed in significant quantity in virions of these strains. The degree of cell fusion in mouse fibroblast monolayers by each of the viral strains was independent of the lysophosphatidylserine content of the virions. The ability of the viral strains to induce fusion from within, i.e., that occurring in cells that are actively propagating virus was: NDV-L-Kansas greater than NDV-HP-16 greater than NDV-N. The ability of the viral strains to induce fusion from without, i.e., that occurring in response to incubation of cells with large quantities of irradiated virus was: NDV-HP-16 greater than NDV-N greater than NDV-L-Kansas. On the basis of these findings we conclude that there is no direct correlation between the level of lysophosphatide in the virion and its ability to induce cell membrane fusion. A direct correlation was observed, however, between the presence of high monoacylphosphatidylserine content and the ability of a strain to produce lytic infection. PMID- 1236740 TI - Fluorescence polarization and intensity kinetic studies of antifluorescein antibody obtained at different stages of the immune response. AB - Kinetic studies of reactions between fluorescein and antifluorescein antibody produced during early, intermediate, and late stages of the immune response have been carried out utilizing both fluorescence intensity and polarization measurements in the static (time constant similar to 5 sec) and in the stopped flow modes (time constant similar to 5 msec). During maturation of the immune response, it was found that the "on" second-order association rate constant increased its value only by a factor of three, whereas the "off" dissociation first-order rate constant decreased by a factor of over 1000. Hence, it is the rate of dissociation which largely determines the stability of the hapten antihapten complex. Furthermore, since second-order rate behavior was found for even heterogeneous antibody, most of the heterogeneity with respect to binding affinity occurs as a result of the heterogeneity in the rate of dissociation of the hapten-antihapten complex and not from the primary combination of hapten and antibody. Antifluorescein antibody which exhibits both high binding affinity (K similar to 5 x 10(11) M-1) and homogeneity with respect to equilibrium binding has been shown to obey second-order association kinetics over wide ranges in concentration. Despite the fact that the value of the second-order rate constant for this fluorescein-antifluorescein reaction is as large as that for most other hapten-antihapten reactions (1.4 x 10(8) M-1 sec-1), the binding reaction has an appreciable activation energy (7 kcal/mol). This is true for both divalent and univalent antibody. Furthermore, the reaction rate parameters are markedly affected by specific anions. The value of the second-order rate constant (18.5 degrees) increases according to the following scheme: salicylate less than trichloroacetate less than SCN- less than ClO4- less than Cl- less than F- less than phosphate. The activation energy increases as follows: trichloroacetate less than phosphate less than F- less than Cl- less than ClO4- less than SCN- less than salicylate, whereas estimates of the entropy of activation indicate that deltaS++ increases as follows: tricholroacetate less than phosphate similar to F- less than Cl- less than ClO4- less than SCN- less than salicylate. The same mechanism which was previously proposed by us for the antigen-antibody reaction is also consistent with the kinetics of the fluorescein-antifluorescein reaction. This mechanism postulates a bimolecular process with structural rearrangements (conformational changes and/or the loss of water) in the formation of the transition state complex. The reaction between the fluorescein hapten and its antibody hence is not diffusion limited. PMID- 1236741 TI - Cytoplasmic nonpolysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein containing actin messenger RNA in chicken embryonic muscles. AB - Cytoplasmic nonpolysomal mRNAs have been isolated in the form of 16-40S ribonucleoprotein particles from the postribosomal supernatant of 14-day-old chick embryonic muscles. An 8-20S RNA fraction isolated from these particles directs the synthesis of actin in a wheat germ embryo S-30 system, as judged by copurification of the products with chicken muscle actin by repeated cycles of G- to F-actin transformation; mobilities of the purified product on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and urea gels; and analysis of the CNBr-cleaved peptides. The 16-40S particles have a buoyant density of 1.4 g/cm3 which corresponds to an RNA/protein ratio of 1:3. They do not contain detectable levels of ribosomal subunits, as judged by the absence of typical ribosomal proteins in the range of 15,000-30,000. They contain at least eight distinct polypeptide species in the molecular weight range of 44,000-100,000, including a prominent 44,000 species. The presence of these particles suggests that they may have a role in the regulation of translation in developing muscles. PMID- 1236742 TI - Chemical and physical properties of the disulfides of bovine neurophysin-II. AB - Bovine neurophysin-II is shown to be very susceptible to partial reduction in the absence of urea. Reduction of an average of one disulfide leads to major changes in conformation and disulfide optical activity, manifest in part by pronounced far-uv ellipticity changes, complete loss of the 248-nm ellipticity band, and a shift of the 278-nm ellipticity band to shorter wavelengths with loss of half its intensity; the reduction process generates a mixture of products and appears to be accompanied by disulfide interchange. The circular dichroism data indicate that the disulfide(s) most susceptible to reduction or interchange are either the principal contributors to the 248- and 278-nm ellipticity bands or that the optical activity of other disulfides is dependent on their integrity. Peptides that bind to the hormone-binding site of neurophysin-II protect against reduction. On reoxidation of partially reduced neurophysin-II there is only a partial return of the native circular dichroism spectrum and electrophoretic behavior. The percentage of native protein in samples reoxidized following different degrees of reduction was estimated by comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of these samples with those of the fractionated native and denatured components of monoreduced-reoxidized neurophysin. Under our reoxidation conditions, less than 50% native protein was found in monoreduced-reoxidized neurophysin and less than 10% native protein was found in completely reduced reoxidized neurophysin. The results are interpreted with qualified reference to a model in which one or more disulfides are "strained" in the native state and in which the native protein is unstable relative to species in which the disulfides are differently paired. PMID- 1236743 TI - Characterization and improved separation of soybean leghemoglobins. AB - An improved separation procedure is described for isolating five leghemoglobin components from the nodules of soybean plants. After a preliminary oxidation with ferricyanide, and separation from endogenous nicotinate at pH 9.2, the ferrileghemoglobins are separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography using gradient elution with acetate buffer (pH 5.2). The components have been characterized by their acetate and nicotinate binding affinities, gel electrophoretic, visible, and circular dichroic spectra in the ultraviolet, Soret and visible regions. Two formerly unresolved components of leghemoglobin c have indistinguishable circular dichroic, electrophoretic, and ligand binding properties, but differ in their spin states as judged by their visible spectra, their amino acid analyses, and their tryptic maps. PMID- 1236744 TI - Cooperativity of binding of anilinonaphthalenesulfonate to serum albumin induced by a second ligand. AB - When a ligand X is multiply bound to energetically identical, noninteracting sites of a protein, cooperative binding of this ligand can be induced by the presence of a second ligand Y. This effect should appear whenever multiple interactions exist between the bound X and Y ligands, and vanish when the concentration of Y is made sufficiently large to ensure Y saturation at all concentrations of X. These predictions have been verified for the binding of 8 anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate to serum albumin, when Y, the effector ion, is 3,5 dihydroxybenzoate. In the presence of 2mM dihydroxybenzoate, the Hill coefficient for anilinonaphthalenesulfonate binding rose steadily from 1 to 1.5 as the number of molecules of ligand bound increased from 1 to 3.3 per albumin molecule. The theory of interactions between isolated ligands, applied in the previous paper (D. A. Kolb and G. Weber (1975), Biochemistry, preceding paper in this issue), is extended to cases of multiple interactions, and applied here to show that the experimental results are tolerably well reproduced for a model in which four anilinonaphthalensulfonate molecules are homogeneously coupled to four molecules of dihydroxybenzoate by free energies of 3.0 and 3.5 thermal units. PMID- 1236745 TI - Oxidosqualene cyclization in human placenta. An easy step of sterol biosynthesis. PMID- 1236746 TI - Postreplication repair of DNA in chick cells: studies using photoreactivation. AB - During replication of DNA after ultraviolet irradiation, gaps are left in the newly-synthesized DNA strands in both bacterial and animal cells and these gaps are subsequently sealed by a process known as postreplication repair. In order to test whether it is the ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers which are responsible for the production of these daughter-strand gaps in animal cells, we have used chick embryo fibroblasts. In these cells the pyrimidine dimers are photoreactivable, i.e. they can be split by an enzymatic process dependent on visible or near ultraviolet light. Our results indicate that chick cells possess a postreplication repair system similar to that in mammalian cells; gaps are produced in the newly-synthesized strands and then filled in. If the ultraviolet irradiated cells are first photoreactivated to remove most of the dimers, the number of daughter-strand gaps produced is much less than without photoreactivation. This suggests that the dimers are indeed responsible for the formation of many of the gaps in the newly-synthesized DNA. Ultraviolet light also inhibits the overall rate of DNA synthesis. This inhibition is, however, only partly overcome by photoreactivation. PMID- 1236747 TI - A neutral protease in rheumatoid synovial fluid capable of attacking the telopeptide regions of polymeric collagen fibrils. AB - Fluorescent-labelled polymeric collagen fibrils have been prepared which contain three fluoresein residues in the telopeptide regions and four fluorescein residues in the helical region of each tropocollagen unit within the polymer. This material has been used as a substrate for the study of enzymes present in the synovial fluid of inflamed rheumatoid joints which are capable of degrading polymeric collagen fibrils. Two enzyme systems were observed, one inhibited by EDTA and having the properties of the known synovial collagenase, the other having the properties of a neutral protease. The neutral protease was found to be present in sonicates of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the synovial fluids of inflamed joints. This enzyme attacked the telopeptides of fluorescein-labelled polymeric collagen fibrils and was similar to trypsin in removing two residues of fluorescein-labelled peptides per tropocollagen molecule within the polymeric collagen fibrils but did not depolymerise the polymeric collagen fibrils. PMID- 1236748 TI - [Culturing characteristics and aggressivity of Macrosporium solani Ell. et Mart. isolates, the causative agent of tomato macrosporiasis]. PMID- 1236750 TI - A phenomenological theory of rocket immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 1236749 TI - A differential viability model for twin-pair blood group data. AB - Much interest in human genetics studies of blood systems is focussed on the possible incompatibility of discordant twin pairs. Here we discuss a differential viability model which accounts for deviations from the standard multinomial model for twin pair data based on the Hardy-Weinberg frequencies. We discuss related estimation and testing problems, illustrating the techniques with data from the Louisville Twin Study. PMID- 1236751 TI - Histone-induced conformational changes in DNA as probed by quasi-elastic light scattering. PMID- 1236752 TI - Letter: Activity of 5'nucleotidase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 1236753 TI - Damaged DNA in lymphocytes of aplastic anemia. AB - The size of single-stranded DNA in lymphocytes in GO stage from 22 patients with acquired primary and secondary aplastic anemia was estimated by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. The average size was 9.3 (+/-0.3) times 10(7) daltons. The lymphocytes of patients contained significantly more single-strand breaks in DNA, compared to those of normal persons. The difference in size of single stranded DNA which had been present in nontransformed lymphocytes could also be observed in transformed lymphocytes. Some characteristic differences could be observed in the sedimentation patterns of single-stranded DNA in the lymphocytes of patients with aplastic anemia and those of normal persons. The single-strand breaks in DNA suggested that the repair processes were disturbed in the DNA molecules of circulating lymphocytes from patients with acquired primary and secondary aplastic anemia. PMID- 1236754 TI - Vasopressin release by nicotine: the site of action. AB - 1. In cats anaesthetized with chloralose the release of neurohypophysial hormones was examined after injection of nicotine into the cerebral ventricles or cisterna magna or its topical application through perspex rings to the ventral surface of the brain stem. The release was measured by assaying the hormones in samples of venous blood. 2. Injected into a lateral or the third cerebral ventricle, nicotine (0.5 to 1 mg) produced release of vasopressin without oxytocin. When the aqueduct was cannulated, preventing access to the fourth ventricle and to the subarachnoid space, this release did not occur. 3. Vasopressin was also released without oxytocin when nicotine (0.25 to 2 mg) was injected into the subarachnoid space through the cisterna magna. With this route of administration the nicotine did not enter any part of the ventricular system. 4. Applied through paired perspex rings placed across the ventral surface of the brain stem, nicotine again produced release of vasopressin without ocytocin. The amount of nicotine placed in each ring was usually 80 mug, but a release was obtained with 10 mug and in one experiment with as little as 5 mug. 5. The bilateral region on the ventral surface of the brain stem where nicotine acts when producing release of vasopressin lies lateral to the pyramids and in a longitudinal direction, 6 to 9 mm caudal to the trapezoid bodies. 6. The vasopressin release by nicotine injected intraventricularly or intracisternally, or applied topically to the ventral surface of the brain stem was not due to absorption of nicotine into the blood stream, nor to blood pressure effects. 7. It is concluded that nicotine acts on the ventral surface of the brain stem probably by activating the central projection to the supra-optic and possibly also the paraventricular nuclei of afferent pathways in the sinus and vagus nerves which control the release of vasopressin in response to changes in blood volume or distribution. PMID- 1236755 TI - Surgery of male sexual disorders. PMID- 1236756 TI - Illness and divorce. PMID- 1236757 TI - Optic chiasm fibers of the pigeon: discharge characteristics in response to whole field illumination. PMID- 1236758 TI - A note on the connections and development of the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 1236759 TI - Unit activities in the hypothalamus and midbrain during stimulation of hypothalamic attack sites. AB - Unit activity in the hypothalamus and midbrain of unanesthetized cats was studied during electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus at sites that induced attack and at other comparable sites from which attack was not induced. The changes in the firing of units at distances from 0.7 to 1.9 mm from the site of stimulation were similar to those of units at distances from 2.0 to 5.2 mm. Although stimulation in general affected a majority of units, resulting in increases rather than in decreases of firing rates, and produced similar patterns of unit activity, stimulation at sites that induced attack affected more units, produced a greater change in unit activity and markedly increased firing rates in the lateral hypothalamus and the dorsal part of the midbrain. PMID- 1236760 TI - Ascending catecholamine pathways and amphetamine-induced locomotor activity: importance of dopamine and apparent non-involvement of norepinephrine. AB - Stereotaxically placed intracerebral microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) were used to produce selective and extensive lesions of either the dopaminergic nigro-neostriatal bundle or the dorsal and ventral noradrenergic projections in the rat. The extensive damage of the noradrenergic pathways which is typically obtained after intranigral 6-OHDA injections was completely prevented by pretreatment with desipramine. Extensive depletions (85-95%) of norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortices and hippocampi failed to influence either spontaneous or D-amphetamine-induced locomotor activity. Neither the time course of the amphetamine response as measured by photocell cages nor the qualitative nature of the response as determined by direct observation was significantly altered by these lesions. In contrast, selective depletion (92%) of neostriatal dopamine (DA) after intranigral 6-OHDA injections severly reduced but did not abolish amphetamine-induced hyperkinesia. At the highest dose studied (2.0 mg/kg) these animals showed an initial increase in activity but, unlike controls, failed to maintain this level. This response was probably mediated by the small remaining stores of DA in the neostriatum. Pimozide (0.5 mg/kg) also severely attenuated but did not abolish amphetamine induced locomotor activity. These data are consistent with the view that ascending DA projections are a critical substrate for amphetamine-induced hyperkinesia. They furthermore suggest that ascending NE systems do not play a role in this response. PMID- 1236762 TI - Phasic discharge of neurons in long-term cultures of tuberal hypothalamus. PMID- 1236761 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral aspect of the prefrontal cortex upon attack behavior in cats. AB - An experiment was performed to determine the role of the lateral aspect of the prefrontal cortex upon quiet biting attack behavior elicited from the hypothalamus in the cat. The results of this experiment indicate that stimulation of 19 of 28 electrode sites sampled in the lateral prefrontal cortex produced a statistically significant inhibition of attack behavior elicited from the hypothalamus of the ipsilateral side. Stimulation of sites in the prefrontal cortex on the side contralateral to the hypothalamus from which attack was elicited had no effect upon this response. No systematic effect of prefrontal stimulation upon flight behavior was observed. Anatomical studies suggest that the lateral prefrontal cortex may inhibit attack behavior by modulating neurons in either the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus or ventral tegmental area. PMID- 1236764 TI - A comparison of the uptake and release of [3H]norepinephrine in rat autonomic and sensory ganglia in tissue culture. PMID- 1236763 TI - Integration in a disynaptic cortico-motoneuronal pathway to the forelimb in the cat. PMID- 1236765 TI - Response properties and anatomical organization of pontine and medullary units responsive to vaginal stimulation in the cat. AB - The response properties and anatomical organization in the brain stem of 234 pontine and 60 medullary genitally sensitive (GS) neurons were studied by single unit recording in acutely prepared estrous and anestrous cats which were decerebrated under sodium pentothal or anesthetized with urethane. Pontine unit responses to vaginal probing were very pronounced and stimulus-bound, and involved a variety of response patterns. Most of the pontine GS neurons also responded to nociceptive stimuli and to a lesser degree, to innocuous somatic, extragenital visceral, and auditory stimuli. Among pontine GS cells recorded in estrous cats, responsiveness to innocuous somatosensory stimuli was more prevalent than among units in anestrous preparations (71% vs. 40%), and on the average, the units in estrous cats responded to stimulation of more regions of the body than did comparable units in anestrous animals. In recordings from the medulla in the decerebrate preparations, exclusive responsiveness to vaginal stimulation was observed in 22% of the GS neurons, contrasting with earlier results from urethane-anesthetized animals in which a greater degree of specificity was found. A close anatomical proximity existed between some medullary GS neurons and cells of nucleus ambiguus, including antidromically identified recurrent laryngeal nerve motor neurons, and between pontine cells and the trigeminal motor nuclei. Antidromic responses of GS neurons to stimulation of the brain stem revealed a projection from medullary GS neurons to the lateral tegmental field of the pons. Relatively few pontine GS neurons projected to the ipsilateral medulla. A strong synaptic influence upon medullary GS neurons, possibly or midbrain origin, descends from the lateral tegmental field of the pons. PMID- 1236766 TI - Neuronal correlates of an encephalopathy associated with aluminum neurofibrillary degeneration. AB - A previous study reported that the intracranial injection of a soluble aluminum salt induced an encephalopathy which may serve as a useful animal model of dementia. An early sign of the encephalopathy in cats was a progressive decrement in both the performance of a short-term visual retention task and acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response in the presence of normal visual discrimination. This study reports that 10 days following the application of aluminum (AlCl3) there was an absence in cat visual cortex of neurons with spontaneous frequencies between 7 and 12 spikes/sec. The loss was associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and aluminum concentrations in lateral gyrus between 4 and 6 mug/g dry weight. The remaining neurons decreased their variability of response to identical visual stimuli and increased their probability of response and frequency of discharge. PMID- 1236767 TI - [Experience with utilizing of some roentgenologic and nuclear examination methods in patients with urotuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236768 TI - [Hematological and biochemical normogram and daily variations of the base parameters in the normal dog]. AB - These experiments were designed in order to determine normal hematological and biochemical values of normal dogs living in a laboratory environment. The findings were conclusive. Serial studies of some of the basic parameters have been done in a second group of animals. After a short period of conditioning, daily changes in weight, temperature, hematocrit and hemoglobin are minimal if the methods of analysis are standardized and reproducible. PMID- 1236770 TI - Hemorrhage and death in dogs following the administration of sulfaquinoxaline. PMID- 1236769 TI - Stabilization of hog cholera virus by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - The stability of hog cholera virus through five freeze-thaw cycles in the presence and absence of dimethyl sulfoxide was studied. In the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide the hog cholera virus titer was reduced 52% to 91% following successive freezing and thawing cycles. However, when dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the viral suspension the virus titer appeared to remain the same after the same number of freezing and thawing cycles. PMID- 1236771 TI - Pharmacokinetic considerations on resistance to anticancer drugs. AB - A model framework is discussed for a quantitative description of intercompartment drug transport in terms of individual processes involved. It permits joint consideration of blood flow, membrane transport, binding, and enzyme synthesis. Illustrations are drawn from the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate. Special cases include flow and membrane limitation, and a simple expression is derived to estimate the time required for intracellular drug to reach the concentration of high-affinity binding sites. Transport parameters between blood and cerebrospinal fluid are inferred from new clinical data. Lumbar injection provided a reservoir effect which maintained plasma concentration for a prolonged time compared with intravenous injections. PMID- 1236772 TI - Analysis of the effects of antitumor drugs on cell cycle kinetics. AB - A cell cycle stage-specific multicompartmental model has been developed and used to investigate the effects of antitumor drugs on the proliferation of tumors. The drug effects simultaneously considered are (a) non-cycle-specific killing and cycle stage-specific killing of cells, (b) progression delay of cells through the cell cycle phases which may bring about an accumulation of cells in various phases of the cell cycle, and (c) prolongation of cell cycle times. These effects are analyzed in terms of possible variations in the behavior of cell kinetic parameters (namely, cell cycle times, cell loss rate, and growth fraction) and are implemented in the model specifying proper functional forms for the parameters. The time-course of drug distribution in a tumor-host system is also described by a two-compartment model and the factors affecting drug action are quantitatively formulated as a function of drug concentration. Simulation is carried out to examine the effects of BCNU, cytosine arabinoside, and methotrexate on the cell cycle and proliferation kinetics of L1210 leukemia, and the results of the simulation compare favorably with available experimental data. Also discussed are the sensitivity of drug effects to variation in dosage schedule and the different nodes of drug actions exerted on each cell cycle phase. PMID- 1236773 TI - Luteinizing and ovulatory action of oestradiol in the pregnant rat. AB - Oestradiol injection on Day 10 of pregnancy in rats, resulted in either ovulation or luteinization in 50% of cases on Day 12. Cytological data showed that the number of pituitary LH cells decreased significantly on Day 11 in all oestradiol treated animals whether responsive or not to oestrogen by ovarian modifications, while the number of pituitary FSH cells only decreased significantly in females with characteristic ovarian signs of preovulation. Bioassay of pituitary FSH confirmed the cytological data. It is concluded that ovulation and luteinization only occurred in the pregnant rat when oestradiol triggered off a synchronous release of LH and FSH. PMID- 1236774 TI - [Diagnostic and therapy of the asherman's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236775 TI - Cholesterol: lecithin association at molecular ratios of up to 2 : 1. AB - X-ray diffraction studies of cholestol: egg lecithin mixtures have demonstrated that single phase systems with molecular ratios of up to 2 : 1 can be prepared from solutions in chloroform but that mixtures prepared from ethanol solutions form a single phase only up to a maximum molecular ratio of 1 : 1. The low angle X-ray patterns of the two mixtures (2 : 1 and 1 : 1) are quite distinctive but there is only a small difference in the wide angle spacings. Independent cholesterol reflections begin to appear in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the 2 : 1 mixture after a few days even when the dry sample is contained in a sealed glass capillary tube. Addition of water greatly accelerates this process. In contrast, a 2 : 1 mixture prepared from chloroform solutions can be maintained in sonicated dispersions in water for long periods. PMID- 1236776 TI - An improved basis for enzymatic estimation of infarct size. AB - Infarct size has been estimated from serial serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) changes, but the contribution of noncardiac CPK may interfere. Results would also be influenced if CPK disappearance varied with hemodynamic changes. Since MB CPK is a marker more specific to myocardium. infarct size was estimated from serum MB changes in 16 patients. In addition, 21 chronically instrumented conscious dogs subjected to tachycardia, decreased cardiac output or hepatic or renal ischemia were studied to evaluate the dependence of CPK disappearance on hemodynamics. MB CPK in human tissue extracts and serum was quantified with a new, rapid, glass bead-batch adsorption technique, verified with CPK isoenzymes prepared from human myocardium. Among tissues surveyed, only myocardium contained appreciable MB CPK. Infarct size estimated from MB correlated with total serum CPK in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction (r=0.97, N=12). In patients with infarction given intramusclar injections, total CPK curves were distorted but MB CPK curves were not apparently affected. Hemodynamic alterations in conscious dogs did not markedly affect the disappearance rate (kd) of intravenously injected, radioactively labeled, canine myocardial CPK, although kd was shown to depend on reticuloendothelial system activity. These findings suggest that estimation of the extent of infarction based on serum MB CPK should be useful despite hemodynamic deterioration associated with infarction or interference of noncardiac CPK. PMID- 1236777 TI - Effect of digitalis in patients with paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal tachycardia. AB - Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction, ventriculo-atrial conduction and mechanism of tachycardia were studied by programmed electrical stimulation before and after the administration of ouabain in 15 patients suffering from paroxysmal supraventricular re-entrant tachycardia. In 13 patients the tachycardia circuit was confined to the A-V node. In two patients the stimulation study showed that an accessory pathway was used in a ventriculo-atrial direction during tachycardia. Ouabain lengthened the effective and functional refractory period of the A-V node and A-V nodal transmission time in all patients in whom this could be studied. Only six patients showed lengthening in ventriculo-atrial conduction time or refractory period of the ventriculo-atrial conduction system. In seven patients no tachycardia could be initiated after ouabain. The width of the zone of atrial premature beats able to initiate tachycardia (the tachycardia zone) narrowed in five patients, showed no change in two patients, and increased in one patient. In these eight patients the tachycardia zone shifted to longer premature beat intervals. Ouabain resulted in slowing of cardiac rate during tachycardia. Both patients who used an accessory pathway during tachycardia showed no change in width of their tachycardia zone following ouabain administration. Seven patients were restudied two weeks after chronic oral administration of digoxin. The results were similar to those obtained following ouabain administration. This indicates that in patients suffering from paroxysmal A-V nodal tachycardia the effect of chronic oral digoxin administration can be predicted from the study of the effect of ouabain during programmed stimulation of the heart. PMID- 1236778 TI - Regional myocardial function in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. An echocardiographic study. AB - To assess regional contractility in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), a primary myopathic disorder with documented hyperdynamic ventricular contractions, systolic wall thickening and velocity of contraction of the septum and left ventricular posterior wall were measured in echocardiograms from 16 patients with IHSS and 16 normal subjects. The average thickening of the normal septum and posterior wall was 75.9+/-8.8% and 84.8+/-6.3%, respectively. The posterior wall in IHSS thickened by 75.1+/-6.8%. None of these values differed significantly. However, the increase in thickness of the IHSS septum averaged 22.5+/-2.4%, significantly less than that of either the IHSS posterior wall or the normal septum. Velocity measurements confirmed the impression of diminished septal function. The mean velocity of normal septal contraction averaged 37.0+/ 2.3 mm/sec, normal posterior wall 42.3+/-2.0 mm/sec and IHSS posterior wall 55.7+/-3.5 mm/sec, whereas the septum in IHSS contracted at the rate of 26.0+/ 2.5 mm/sec. Thus, the IHSS septum contracted significantly more slowly than the normal septum or IHSS posterior wall. However, the posterior wall velocity in IHSS was significantly more rapid than that measured in normal ventricles- perhaps to compensate for the septum. Normalization of all velocities for left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter did not alter the sifnificance of the results. Consideration of IHSS as an asymmetric myopathy based on prior observations of predominantly septal hypertrophy and distorted septal cellular architecture is now supported by the above evidence of functional left ventricular asymmetry. Although the total left ventricular function in IHSS may be hyperdynamic, regional function is not uniform. The septum appears to be hypodynamic, while the contractile capacity of the posterior wall is increased. PMID- 1236780 TI - Letter: Nonobstructive IHSS. PMID- 1236779 TI - Congenital heart malformations associated with disproportionate ventricular septal thickening. AB - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, or ASH, is a genetically determined myocardial disorder that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. ASH is characterized by a disproportionately thickened ventricular septum that contains numerous hypertrophied, bizarrely-shaped and disorganized cardiac muscle cells. Disproportionate hypertrophy of the ventricular septum has also been observed in association with certain congenital cardiac malformations. To determine whether such congenital cardiac malformations are part of the disease spectrum of genetically determined ASH, cardiac pathologic observations were made in eight patients with disproportionate septal thickening (ventricular septal to posterobasal left ventricular free wall thickness ratios of 1.5 to 2.5) and the following three categories of associated lesions: 1) parachute deformity of the mitral valve (occurring either as an isolated lesion or with ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, supravalvular ring of the left atrium, or double outlet right ventricle); 2) complete interruption of the aortic arch; and 3) ventricular septal defect. The arrangement of cardiac muscle cells in the disproportionately thickened ventricular septum was normal in six of the eight patients; in the other two patients (one with parachute deformity of the mitral valve and one with ventricular septal defect) numerous bundles of hypertrophied cardiac muscle cells were interlaced in a disorganized fashion among more normally arranged bundles of cells. First degree relatives of six of the eight patients were studied by echocardiography and found to have normal ventricular wall thicknesses and septal-free wall ratios. It is concluded that disproportionate ventricular septal thickening may occur in patients with a variety of congenital heart malformations, but that such a finding is not necessarily a manifestation of the disease spectrum of genetically determined ASH. PMID- 1236781 TI - Intrarenal platelet consumption in the diffuse proliferative nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - 1. Platelet survival and an index of the localization of platelets in the kidney were studied in patients with the proliferative nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus, either focal or diffuse, and in control subjects. Platelet survival was reduced in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, more in those with diffuse rather than focal renal involvement. 2. The index of renal platelet localization in patients with diffuse proliferative nephritis suggested an intrarenal platelet consumption not found in other groups. 3. A patient with the classical platelet autoantibody disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, also showed reduced platelet survival but localization of platelets was in the spleen rather than the kidney. 4. Intrarenal platelet consumption in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis may be an epiphenomenon of pre-existing scarring or platelet aggregation secondary to immune complex-formation, which contributes to the progressive sclerosing lesions of this form of nephritis. PMID- 1236782 TI - A training program in bioanalytical toxicology. AB - Students of diversified backgrounds are taught methods used in bioanalytical toxicology such as TLC, GLC, RIA, EMIT, UV, and spectrofluorometry. Major emphasis is placed on the detection of abused drugs in biologic specimens. It was found that the students with more advanced formal education have learned the lecture theory and instrumentation quicker and in greater detail. However, as far as the ability to work rapidly and accurately, many of the trainees who have had less formal education have shown better ability. Perhaps it could be said that the theory is a science, whereas the work is an art. This art through practice can be better developed by some people regardless of education. On completion of this training, they will be able to help fill the great need for toxicologic technicians. PMID- 1236783 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine sulfate on aggressive behavior in laboratory mice. PMID- 1236784 TI - Freeze drying of histocompatibility typing sera. PMID- 1236785 TI - [Transcription complexes with nucleolar and chromosomal origins in oocytes of Pleurodeles waltlii and P. poireti (amphibia, urodela) (author's transl)]. AB - The method of spreading transcription complexes has been applied to amphibian oocytes of Pleurodeles genus. Complexes of nucleolar origin show a regular and homogeneous organization similar to that described in other materials. The observations add to the interpretation as an amplification of nucleolar DNA and a redundancy of ribosomal cistrons in the two species studied. -- On the other hand, complexes of chromosomal origin display a great diversity. Two main characteristics can be drawn: the existence of several transcription units in a chromosomal organization unit and the possibility to point out a special architecture at the RNP fibril level. Applying a shadowing technique used for isolated molecules is an improvement compared with earlier methods based on PTA coloration. PMID- 1236786 TI - Premenstrual symptoms and depression in a university population. AB - The correlation between a premenstrual syndrome based on emotional symptoms and primary affective disorder was prospectively studied in 105 college freshmen. Students with premenstrual symptoms were twice as likely as controls to have a history of a serious depressive episodes and twice as likely to have a close family member with depression. Seven percent of women with premenstrual emotional symptoms and none of the controls had an affective episode during the ensuing year. The premenstrual syndrome did not interfere with academic performance and was not associated with any lowering of professional aspirations. The inconsistent results of past research on the relationship between depressive disorder and premenstrual symptoms may have been the consequence of differing definitions in different studies. The final answer on this possible association may result from using a clear definition of premenstrual symptoms based on emotional difficulties and a well defined research oriented criteria for the diagnoses of affective disorder. PMID- 1236788 TI - [Fish tapeworm infections in Kuusamo county]. PMID- 1236787 TI - [Echocardiographic criteria of asymmetrical hypertrophy of the ventricular septum without outflow tract obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) without outflow tract obstruction is a genetic variant of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). Without difficulty and risk echocardiography can distinguish both diseases. Comparison in 33 patients with ASH but no outflow tract obstruction and in 29 with IHSS revealed following identical findings: (1) excessive hypertrophy of the ventricular septum when compared with the posterior wall of the left ventricle (asymmetrical septal hypertrophy); (2) decreased systolic motion of the septum; (3) slowed early diastolic closure of the anterior mitral leaflet; (4) relatively small end-diastolic and systolic diameter of the left ventricle. But the important distinction was that, while in IHSS there was a systolic forward movement of the anterior or both mitral leaflets, this not recorded in patients with ASH without outflow tract obstruction. The posterobasal portion of the left ventricle is thickened in patients with IHSS, due to the outflow tract obstruction. PMID- 1236789 TI - Unilateral renal agenesis associated with malignancy. PMID- 1236790 TI - Alterations in steroid and gonadotropin release resulting from surgical stress during the morning of proestrus in 5-day cyclic rats. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether surgical stress on the morning of proestrus would elicit an early release of gonadotropin from the pituitary. Animals exhibiting 5-day estrous cycles underwent bilateral sham ovariectomy under ether anesthesia at 0800 h of proestrus. These animals had high levels of progesterone and estradiol following the surgery. These steroids were thought to be adrenal in origin, since animals adrenalectomized at 0800 h of proestrus had low progesterone levels and estradiol comparable to unoperated controls. Subsequently, the sham-operated animals showed high FSH but not LH values at 1300 h, prior to the normal critical period for gonadotropin release. By 1400, the LH surge had begun, and progesterone was again being released. Adrenalectomized and unoperated controls showed no increase in any steroid or gonadotropin measured before 1400 h. These findings suggest that stress-induced release of adrenal estradiol and progesterone, rather than some other consequence of the surgical procedure, during the morning of proestrus, can advance the onset of release of FSH, prior to LH. Ovariectomy at 0800 h proestrus led to a rapid and dramatic increase in FSH but not LH secretion by 4 h after surgery. By 6 h after ovariectomy FSH had increased to six times control values and LH had increased to twice control values. Estradiol remained at control values for 6 h following surgery but 20alpha-hydroxypreg-4-en-3-one (20alpha-OHP) dropped quickly to baseline values. It is possible that a reduction in circulating 20 alpha-OHP may be responsible for the increases in FSH prior to LH in this group, but the absence of other negative feedback factors from the ovary or adrenal may also be involved. PMID- 1236791 TI - Long-term incubation of rat thymus cells: Cytolytic actions of glucocorticoids in vitro. AB - A system has been developed for long-term incubation of rat thymus cells in sus pension in a chemically defined medium consisting of medium 199 and methylcellulsoe. With this system it is possible to study quantitatively the full time-course of glucocorticoid actions, from the early inhibitory effects on glucose uptake to the slow cytolytic effects. Cells incubated under these conditions preserve their sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of cortisol on glucose uptake for al least 12 h. Glucocorticoids at physiological concentrations lead to cytolysis (measured by reduction in viable cell counts determined by a modification of the pronase-cetrimide method) by 12 h incubation time. The cytolytic effect exhibits well-defined dose-response relationships and specificity for glucocorticoids. By 24 h,cortisol at 10(-6)M consistently reduces the total cell count by about 15%, and the viable cell count by about 40%. Cortisol is active down to 10(-7) M. Dexamethasone is roughly 10 times as active as cortisol, and cortisone completely inactive. Cortexolone is slightly active, but also shows antiglucocorticoid activity by its ability to block the action of cortisol. Under anerobic conditions in Medium 199, no inhibitory effect of cortisol is observed on glucose uptake. PMID- 1236792 TI - Pinealectomy and sexual rhythm in female rats. AB - The role of the pineal gland in inducing and maintaining the persistent estrus of rats exposed to continuous illumination was examined. Under the cyclic illumination, the pinealectomy or sham-operation revealed no effect on the estrous cycle, although weights of the ovaries, adrenals and hypophysis were slightly but definitely greater in the pinealectomized animals. In rats exposed to the continous illumination immediately after pinealectomy or sham-operation, both groups exhibited the persistent estrous states soon after the change of lighting condition. In these rats, neither the degree of persistent estrus nor the organ weights a autopsy showed any significant difference between the groups. Moreover, the pinealectomy could not alter the incidence of estrous in persistent estrous rats which had been established already by the continuous illumination. PMID- 1236793 TI - Low molecular weight components of polymers used in packaging. AB - The increasing use of polymers in packaging of foods and drugs focuses attention on the possible chronic toxicity relations of migrants from these polymers to the contents. Such migrants can arise from residues and additives in the polymers from manufacturing processes used in fabrication of packages. The origin and chemical nature of potential migrants, the methods of transfer, and principles involved in development of safety criteria for their regulation are discussed. PMID- 1236794 TI - The effect of lead on mouse brain development. PMID- 1236795 TI - Modification of amino groups of human-erythrocyte glycoproteins and the new concept on the structural basis of M and M blood-group specificity. AB - 1. Various kinds of modification of amino groups of M and N blood group glycoproteins abolished their capacity to inhibit rabbit and human anti-M and anit-N sera. 2. The reversible modification of amino groups revealed that M and N blood group activity was restored after the removal of amino-group-blocking residues. 3. Modification of amino groups had an entirely different effect on the reactivity of red cell glycoproteins with Vicia graminea agglutinin. The serological activity of N glycoprotein towards Vicia graminea anti-N agglutinin was unchanged, whereas the weak activity of M glycoprotein towards this anti-N agglutinin was increased to the level of the of N glycoprotein. 4. These results indicate that there is a structural difference between M and N glycoproteins, which resides beyond the oligosaccharide chains. It suggests in turn that M and N blood group specificity is determined by amino acid sequence in the peptide chains of red cell glycoproteins. PMID- 1236796 TI - Thyroglobulin messenger RNA: translation of a 33-S mRNA into a peptide immunologically related to thyroglobulin. AB - Poly(UC)--Sepharose chromatography of the RNA extracted from a thyroid fraction sedimenting between 800 X g and 27000 X g allows the purification of two RNA fractions amounting each to 1% of the applied material. The first one is loosely bound to the column from which it is eluted at 25 degrees C. It is mainly composed of 16-S and 12-S RNA comprising no poly(A) sequences. This could correspond to mitochondrial rRNA. The second one, which is eluted at 50 degrees C, is poly(A)-rich and represents 33-S and 17--18-S RNA species. The 33-S RNA resists heating at 80 degrees C, suggesting that it is composed of one polynucleotide chain. When injected into Xenopus oocytes, the 33-S RNA specifically promotes the synthesis of a peptide with an apparent molecular weight of 185000 and an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 10-S. This peptide is immunologically related to thyroglobulin and could represent its main precursor. Under the conditions tested it does not polymerize spontaneously into 19-S thyroglobulin, suggesting that assembly of the molecule could require specific, post-translational alterations of the precursor and/or the presence of additional lighter subunits. PMID- 1236797 TI - Chicken antichromatin antibodies: specificity to different chromatin fractions. AB - Specific complement-fixing and precipitin antibodies were induced in chicken to chromatin from WI-38 human diploid fibroblast. Chicken antibodies were chosen because they present two major advantages with respect to rabbit antibodies: (a) the optimal NaCl concentration for chicken precipitin is 1.5 M, which is also an optimal solvent for chromatin proteins that are insoluble at the lower salt concentration required by rabbit precipitin; (b) chicken antichromatin antibodies require an antigen concentration much lower with respect to rabbit antibodies for saturation at the complement-fixation reaction. These antibodies are species specific and they react at the complement-fixation and precipitin assay not only with the whole chromatin but also with dissociated proteins, albeit at a higher concentration of both antigen and antibodies. The specificity of these antibodies to different fractions of chromosomal proteins and of the chromatin after washing with a solution at a different sodium chloride concentration has been investigated. PMID- 1236798 TI - Selenium binding to beef-kidney rhodanese. AB - The reaction of beef kidney rhodanese with selenosulfate was studied. The selenium-treated enzyme shows an absorption spectrum with a maximum at 375 nm attributable to a sulfoselenide group. This absorption is bleached by addition of cyanide. After cyanide treatment stoichiometric amount of selenocyanate can be found. The intrinsic fluorescence of rhodanese is quenched by addition of stoichiometric selenosulfate. This effect can be reversed by cyanide or sulfite but not by selenite or glutathione. By comparison with model complexes the selenium-rhodanese intermediate was identified as a cysteinyl-selenium derivative. PMID- 1236799 TI - Stimulation of proteinase K action by denaturing agents: application to the isolation of nucleic acids and the degradation of 'masked' proteins. AB - Hydrolysis of serum albumin by proteinase K was strongly (greater than 7-fold) stimulated by urea and dodecylsulfate in a dose-dependent manner. With an oligopeptide as substrate, however, proteinase K was inactivated by dodecylsulfate. This indicates that the apparent activation of proteinase K by urea and dodecylsulfate is caused primarily by denaturation of the protein substrates. Although dodecylsulfate inhibited ribonuclease activity in the test tube completely, it could not prevent RNA degradation during isolation of polysomal RNA, to which ribonuclease had been added, because of the reversible nature of the dodecylsulfate inhibition. Complete protection of RNA, however, was achieved by a combination of dodecylsulfate and proteinase K. The combined action of the detergent and proteinase K was also effective in degrading "masked" proteins in a poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) preparation which could not be attacked by the proteinase alone. PMID- 1236800 TI - Transport of messenger RNA into different classes of membrane-associated polyribosomes in Ehrlich-ascites-tumor cells. AB - The membrane-bound polyribosomes in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells can be separated into a loosely bound and a tightly bound fraction by means of a high salt treatment. Both membrane fractions as well as the free polyribosomes in the supernatant synthesize about the same set of proteins, suggesting a close relationship between these polyribosome fractions in the Ehrlich cell. Relatively high concentrations of cycloheximide do not prevent newly synthesized poly(A) containing mRNA from entering the tightly bound polyribosome fraction. Nor had treatment of the cells with puromycin in the presence of cycloheximide, which released about 70% of the nascent chains, any significant effect on the entrance of newly synthesized mRNA into tightly bound polyribosomes. These results suggest that in ehrlich ascites tumor cells nascent polypeptide chains are not involved in the binding of polyribosomes to membranes. PMID- 1236801 TI - Inactivation of rhodanese by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and other aromatic aldehydes inactivate rhodanese. The inactivation reaches higher extents if the enzyme is in the sulfur-free form. The identification of the reactive residue as an amino group has been made by spectrophotometric determination of the 5'-phosphorylated pyridoxyl derivative of the enzyme. The inactivation increases with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration and can be partially removed by adding thiosulfate or valine. Prolonged dialysis against phosphate buffer also leads to the enzyme reactivation. The absorption spectra of the pyridoxal phosphate - rhodanese complex show a peak at 410 nm related to the Schiff base and a shoulder in the 330 nm region which is probably due to the reaction between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and both the amino and thiol groups of the enzyme that appear reasonably close to each other. The relationship betweenloss of activity and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding to the enzyme shows that complete inactivation is achieved when four lysyl residues are linked to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 1236802 TI - Initiation of protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Evidence for physiological variation in the association of methionyl-tRNAf with native 40-S ribosomal subunits in vivo. AB - Binding of methionyl-tRNAf to native 40-S ribosomal subunits is thought to be an early stage in the process of polypeptide chain initiation, and [35S]Met-tRNAf - 40-S-subunit complexes can be isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells following a brief incubation with [35S]methionine. To determine whether this step is subject to modulation by physiological conditions, we have estimated the extent of binding of Met-tRNAf to native- 40S ribosomal subunits in Ehrlich cells under nutritional conditions known to affect the rate of protein synthesis in these cells. Deprivation of either an essential amino acid, lysine, or of glucose, results in a substantial reduction in the proportion of native 40-S subunits which have Met-tRNAf associated with them, and refeeding of lysine to cells deprived of this amino acid partially reverses this effect within 10 min. These effects on the concentration of Met-tRNA - 40-S-subunit complexes are paralleled by changes of similar magnitude in the rate of protein synthesis and in polyribosome profiles. Native 40-S subunits can be spearated by equilibrium density gradient analysis on caesium chloride into two species, with buoyant densities approximately 1.40 and 1.49 g X cm-3. In cells deprived of either lysine or glucose, the radioactivity from [35S]methionine is bound exclusively to the particle of buoyant density 1.40 g X cm-3. In well-fed cells, or in starved cells shortly after refeeding, a significant proportion of the label is associated with a region of the CsCl gradient corresponding to a particle of higher density. The results suggest that the binding of Met-tRNAf to native 40-S ribosomal subunits can be greatly affected by physiological conditions which alter the rate of protein synthesis. This is consistent with a regulatory role for this step in the sequence of reactions involved in initiation of translation. PMID- 1236803 TI - Circular DNA and rolling circles in nucleolar rDNA from mitotic nuclei of Physarum polycephalum. AB - 1. About 15% of nucleolar DNA (1.712 g/cm3) from Physarum polycephalum displaying maximum hybridization to ribosomal RNA, is composed of circular DNA of 3.9 +/- 0.2 mum contour length or multiples thereof. 2. A portion of these circular molecules (25%) contained linear DNA pieces longer than circumference length. In a small fraction of circular DNA linear pieces, shorter than the unit length, were observed. 3. Most nucleolar DNA, [3H]thymidine-labeled or hybridizable to ribosomal RNA was separable from chromosomal DNA during G2 phase, mitosis and S phase of the cell cycle. 4. Ribosomal DNA content was not amplified during the cell cycle, was unchanged during exponential or stationary growth phase and amounted to about 0.11 -- 0.21% of nuclear DNA in diploid and hexaploid strains of Physarum or 100--200 ribosomal genes per diploid genome. PMID- 1236804 TI - Relationship of rats' spatial preferences to effects of d-amphetamine on timing behavior. AB - Rats were trained to bar-press on a differential reinforcement of low rate 16 sec (DRL 16) schedule for water reinforcement. On alternate days, rats were tested in the presence or absence of a light which signaled the availability of reinforcement. Rats were allowed to bar-press on either of two levers (left and right). All rats show consistent side preferences. Doses (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) of damphetamine differentially affected performance under signaled and nonsignaled conditions. Performance during the nonsignaled condition was much more sensitive to a drug-induced rate increment and timing impairment than performance during the signaled condition. With increasing drug dosage, under both conditions, side preferences reliably increased, decreased or remained unchanged depending upon the particular pattern of paw usage and the relationship between paw and side preferences. For the nonsignaled condition but not for the signaled condition, baseline rates were related to the strength of side preferences; lower rates and better timing performance wwere significantly correlated with greater preferences. Observations of bar-pressing behavior suggested that stereotyped motor patterns associated with side preferences might be related to mechanisms involved in timing behavior and perhaps, in behavior controlled by internal stimuli generally. PMID- 1236805 TI - [Action of a herbicide (paraquat) on hepatocytes in histiotypic culture]. AB - The toxicant action on hepatocytes of "paraquat" introduced at very low concentrations in an in vitro culture of such cells is here established. Mitoses are slowed down and moreover, the lysosomial system is impaired, thus inducing a decrease in its enzymic reactions and the proliferation of very large vesicles. PMID- 1236806 TI - Heligmosomoides polygyrus (=Nematospiroides dubius): suppression of antibody response to orally administered sheep erythrocytes in infected mice. PMID- 1236807 TI - Time-response patterns of isolated rat uterus to neurohypophyseal peptides. PMID- 1236808 TI - L- and conventional forms of micrococci in the circulating blood of thrombocytopenic patients. AB - The multiplication of Gram-positive Cocci originating from L-forms carried by platelets of autoimmune thrombocytopenic patients, may be attributed to the primary platelet damage enhanced following interaction with bacteria. PMID- 1236809 TI - On the presence of two types of subunit in soybean agglutinin. PMID- 1236810 TI - Charge--transfer interaction involving sulfhydryl groups of bovine serum albumin. PMID- 1236811 TI - Translation of type I and type II procollagen messengers in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ. PMID- 1236812 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of ovine neurophysin-III. PMID- 1236813 TI - Unimpaired fertilization with thymidine-3H-labelled spermatozoa in the mouse. AB - Thymidine-3H-labelled spermatozoa were obtained in the sixth week after injection of males with a single or repeated doses of thymidine-3H, in amounts of 3.5 to 50 muCi per gramme body weight. Mouse ova were fertilized in vivo or in vitro by such labelled spermatozoa. It was found by means of autoradiography that heavily labelled spermatozoa compete successfully with non-labelled ones in performing fertilization. The distribution of relative levels of activity in fertilizing spermatozoa was similar to that in the population of inseminated spermatozoa. The early development of ova fertilized by generally labelled spermatozoa (followed up to the first cleavage) was not impaired. It is concluded that spermatozoa labelled with thymidine-3H in their DNA to a level sufficient for autoradiographic detection may be probably used in the studies of the cytology of fertilization without greater precautions regarding possible radiation-induced artefacts. PMID- 1236814 TI - Activity and subcellular localization of proteolytic enzymes of boar and rabbit spermatozoa. AB - Comparison of the mode and time course of depolymerization of the gelatin by boar and rabbit spermatozoa obtained from the ejaculates and the female reproductive tract revealed that the proteolytic activity of the spermatozoa was not changed during their passage through the female reproductive tract. In all sperm samples the depolymerization started at the level of the equatorial segment, proceeded to the apical part and digested the substrate around the sperm head. The time course of depolymerization was also the same in all samples. Slight differences were caused by degeneration changes affecting the acrosomal region of the sperm head and accelerating the initial course of substrate depolymerization. The results were confirmed by investigating the state of the acrosomes of individual sperm samples using the silver proteinate method. It appeared that samples with greater numbers of spermatozoa with damaged acrosome begin to affect the substrate a few minutes earlier. The disadvantage of the methods used is that the release of the proteolytic enzymes from the sperm head is probably caused by postmortem degeneration changes of the spermatozoa. PMID- 1236815 TI - Effects of gamma radiation and hempa on the midgut of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. PMID- 1236816 TI - [Electrophysiological studies of the forebrain-limbic inhibitory systems in relation to gonadotropin regulation (author's transl)]. AB - By the earlier studies it has been shown that electrical stimulation of some brain areas such as the medial amygdala and the medial septum increased multiple unit activity (MUA) in the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and resulted in gonadotropin release and/or ovulation. On the basis of this evidence, the present study was made to elucidate the effects of stimulation of the forebrain-limbic inhibitory systems on MUA in the MPO and the ARC in relation to the control of gonadotropin release using Wistar female rats. 1) In proestrous rats, electrical stimulation of the basolateral complex of amygdala (1-AMYG), the anterior amygdala (AAA), the hippocampus (HPC), the anterior hippocampus (HIA) and the ventral and lateral part of the central gray matter at the caudal midbrain level (CG) depressed the MUA levels in both the MPO and the ARC in almost of all cases. In the same experiments using ovariectomized and no-primed rats, it was observed that electrical stimulation of the above-mentioned areas was also successful to depress the MUA levels in the MPO and the ARC. But the incidence of inhibition was somewhat lower than that of in proestrous rats. 2) Simultaneous stimulation of the HPC and the 1-AMYG decreased in their inhibitory effects on the MUA in the MPO and the ARC which were apparently observed through the separate stimulation. This was true in combined stimulation of the CG and the 1-AMYG or of the CG and the HPC. It seemed that inhibitory effect on gonadotropin release which was induced by the separate stimulation was cancelled by the combined stimulation. 3) The 1-AMYG and the HPC seemed to form an inhibitory feedback circuit, excitation of a site inhibiting the other. 4) In ovariectomized rats, electrical stimulation of the 1-AMYG or the HPC decreased the MUA levels in the MPO and the ARC after the estrogen injection even in the case that facilitatory effects were observed before estrogen administration. It seemed that inhibitory effects of these inhibitory areas on the hypothalamic activity were enhanced under the dominant influence of estrogen. 5) After an injection of atropine, electrical stimulation of the HPC increased the MUA levels in the MPO and the ARC, while the stimulation of the same sites decreased when no treatment. On the other hand, atropine did not alter the effects of 1-AMYG stimulation on the MUA in the MPO and the ARC. It seems that the forebrain-line inhibitory systems have more important roles in the control of gonadotropin release than it has been assumed, through inhibiting the electrical activity in the MPO and the ARC. PMID- 1236817 TI - [Human growth hormone and prolactin during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - In order to know the secretory behaviors of human growth hormone (hGH) and human prolactin (hPRL) during pregnancy, the following studies were undertaken. Twenty three normal pregnant women of every period of gestation, eighteen women of postpartum and five nonpregnant subjects volunteered for this study. After fasting overnight, these volunteers were placed at complete bed rest, and a fasting antecubital venous blood sample was drawn at 8:00 a.m. Then L-arginine, 30 g, was infused intravenously over a 30 minute period, and venous blood samples were drawn at 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, minutes after infusion. Serum hGH level was detected by hGH radioimmunoassay Kit (Dainabot) and serum hPRL concentration was measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay system (NIH-NIAMDD). In addition, serum hCS level was measured by hCS-Kobe double-antibody radioimmunoassay system in comparison with the secretory behaviors of hGH and hPRL. 1. Serum hGH, hPRL and hCS concentrations during pregnancy. HGH concentration remained almost unchanged through the course of pregnancy, but hPRL and hCS concentrations increased with the programs of pregnancy. 2. Serum hGH and hPRL concentrations in puerperium. HGH level did not change as compared to that of nonpregnant or pregnant women. HPRL concentration maintained high level in 1-3 postpartum weeks. 3. Effect of arginine on the concentrations of serum hGH, hPRL and hCS during pregnancy. The hGH response decreased, but that of hPRL increased along with the progress of pregnancy. During the arginine loading test there was no significant change in hCS concentration. 4. Effect of arginine on the concentrations of serum hGH and hPRL in puerperium. The HGH response was suppressed at the first week of the postpartum. The response of hPRL was lower than that of late pregnancy. To summarize, hGH and hPRL have some similar biological characters, but there was a difference in secretion pattern of the two hormones during pregnancy. Reserve function of hGH secretion was suppressed, but that of hPRL secretion increased along with the progress of pregnancy. And in the third trimester of pregnancy, the difference of the secretory behavior and secretory reserve function between hGH and hPRL was prominent. PMID- 1236818 TI - [The effect of menopause on serum levels of calcium and inorganic phosphorus (author's transl)]. AB - Serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline-phosphatase were determined in 3,191 women as a part of a multiphasic health testing program. A fasting sample of blood was drawn between 9 and 11 a.m. and the separated serum was applied to a Technicon Autoanalyzer SMA 12/60 and measured. In 527 women, who were found to have no abnormalities on the other laboratory tests or by the physical examination, were the results of determination studied in relation to age and menstrual status. The values obtained from 13,258 men were employed as a control. In regularly menstruating women the serum calcium level was decreased with the advance of age. Once the menstrual cycle had got irregular toward the menopause, the serum calcium level was rapidly increased, reached maximum in 2-5 years after the menopause, and was slightly decreased thereafter. The serum inorganic phosphorus level also varied in a similar attitude. On the other hand both the serum calcium and phosphorus levels in men were gradually reduced with the advance of age and no fluctuation was observed. Alkaline-phosphatase in serum was distinctly enhanced in the postmenopause. These data indicate that the decline in estrogen secretion results in hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and that a prophylactic estrogen therapy may be considered at the early stage of the postmenopause for preventing the increased bone resorption. PMID- 1236819 TI - Guest editorial: In the name of the elder--an essay. PMID- 1236820 TI - [Anatomopathological and etiopathogenic aspects of uterine fibroma]. PMID- 1236821 TI - Isolation and characterization of 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and progesterone in pepipheral blood of pregnant women. measurement throughout pregnancy. AB - 5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione and progesterone were isolated from a pregnancy plasma pool and were identified by using a combination of chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry. Antibodies to progesterone were obtained in rabbits by immunization with progesterone-1alpha-carboxyethyl-thioether-thyroglobulin. The raised antibodies were of high affinity and one of them cross-reacted (137%) with 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione. This property was used to develop radioimmunoassays for measuring circulating levels of both progesterone and 5alpha-pregnane-3,20 dione in pregnancy plasma. The levels of both progesterone and 5alpha-pregnane 3,20-dione increase throughout pregnancy, but a highly significant increase is observed only after the 32nd week of gestation. PMID- 1236822 TI - Progesterone transformation as a diagnostic feature of the genera Humicola and Gilmaniella. PMID- 1236823 TI - Prolonged preservation of Oomycetes and predacious Fungi imperfecti under paraffin oil. AB - Oomycetes and predacious Fungi imperfecti were preserved viable for four years by storage at 22 degrees C under paraffin oil. This method of culture preservation was checked on 52 species belonging to 4 orders and 13 genera. PMID- 1236824 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 1236825 TI - [Field trial of influenza virus hemagglutinin vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236826 TI - [Effect of calcium ion on the state of solution and cholesterol solubilization in bile (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236827 TI - [In vitro cultivation of Gross virus-induced rat leukemia cells. I. Establishments of leukemic cell lines (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236828 TI - [In vitro cultivation of Gross virus-induced rat leukemia cells. II. Pathological characteristics of the established cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236829 TI - [Countercurrent distribution of polysulfonated proteins (author's transl)]. AB - The reaction of bovine beta-lactoglobulin AB with reagents 4-(isothiocyanato) benzene sulfonic acid, 5-(isothiocyanato) benzol-1,3-bis(sulfonic acid) and 7 (isothiocyanato) naphthalene-1,3,5-tris(sulfonic acid) is described. The blocking of the epsilon-amino groups of lysine is quantitative. The thus modified protein can be analysed in the countercurrent distribution apparatus and can be split very rapidly at the arginine residues with trypsin. PMID- 1236830 TI - A convenient esterification of insulin with boron trifluoride/methanol. PMID- 1236831 TI - [Semisynthetic sheep des-A1-glycine insulin (author's transl)]. AB - The synthetic Des-1-glycine-A-chain of sheep insulin as the monomeric cyclic bisdisulfide and native bovine B-chain bissulfonate were reduced together with mercaptoethanol. They combined at pH 10.6 to yield Des-A1-glycine-insulin. This was purified by gel and ion exchange chromatography. The low insulin activity (0.4 - 0.6%) as measured by the fat cell test as well as the change in the CD spectrum indicated that the loss of the N-terminal glycine of the A-chain results in fully inactive insulin. This confirms the results obtained earlier by partial synthesis of Des-A1-glycine-insulin. PMID- 1236832 TI - Fragmentation of purified mammalian DNA molecules by ultrasound below human therapeutic doses. AB - Because of the increasing medical use of ultrasound, especially in obstetrical diagnosis, it has become important to check its genetic harmlessness. Purified calf thymus DNA in solution was exposed to both therapeutic and obstetrical diagnostic doses of ultrasound. Intensities lower than those used in therapy have a drastic effect on purified DNA in solution, although intensities used in obstetrical diagnosis caused no visible effect. PMID- 1236833 TI - Statistical evaluation of a new method to detect carriers of phenylketonuria. AB - 40 positive heterozygotes and 43 controls were loaded with 200 mg phenylalanine per kilogram body weight. The aromatic acids excreted 2 hrs after the loading were quantified by gaschromatography. The amounts of mandelic acid (MA), 2 hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2HOPAA) and phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) were used for a discriminatory analysis. The MA concentration alone gives a better discrimination than the statistical analysis. PMID- 1236835 TI - Excretion kinetics and variability of urinary mercury in workers exposed to mercury vapour. PMID- 1236836 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of allergenic preparations: an artefact due to enzyme contamination. AB - Some of the common allergenic preparations induced lysis of fibrin plates in vitro. Esterolytic and proteolytic activity was found associated with these preparations. All activities were abolished by heat treatment. It is concluded that allergens do not activate human plasminogen and that in vitro fibrinolysis is due to enzyme contamination. PMID- 1236834 TI - Familial true hermaphrodism in three siblings: clinical, cytogenetic, histological and hormonal studies. AB - Three affected siblings with the hermaphrodism are described. The propositi showed the following characteristics: male phenotype and gender role, hypospadias, bilateral scrotal ovotestes with palpable nodules, and absence of mullerian structures. The X chromatin was positive and the Y chromatin was negative in the 3 affected subjects. Their karyotype in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in gonadal fibroblasts was 46,XX and no Y chromosome fluorescence was observed. Plasma FSH was elevated in the 2 older patients and plasma LH was elevated only in the oldest. Plasma testosterone was low and plasma estradiol high in the 3 siblings; plasma progesterone was elevated in 2, but normal in 1 sibling. Since some of the clinical characteristics of these 3 affected siblings are not the most common features in the majority of sporadic cases of true hermaphrodism, it is suggested that the presence of all of them may be the first clue for the clinical suspicion of the familial type of true hermaphrodism. PMID- 1236837 TI - In vitro reaction of antibodies to ragweed. II. Quantitative determination of non IgE antibodies interferring in a radioallergosorbent test. AB - Immunoglobulin E-rich fractions and IgE-depleted fractions were prepared from individual and pooled sera of patients allergic to ragweed. The IgE-depleted fractions contained antibodies to ragweed associated with the immunoglobulins G, A and M. The IgE-rich fraction contained only IgE antibodies to ragweed, although other immunoglobulins were present in this fraction. The amount of antibodies in these fractions was determined by the radioimmunoassay described in a preceding publication. The inhibitory role of the non-IgE antibodies was examined in an allergosorbent test (RAST) by using various concentrations of the IgE-rich fraction. The RAST was performed using ragweed-coupled cellulose powder as well as paper discs. The IgE antibodies in concentration from 0.017 to 0.069 mug/ml were inhibited by 30-60% in the cellulose RAST by non-IgE antibodies in concentrations from 6.25 to 12.5 mug/ml. The inhibition effect was substantially less pronounced in the paper disc RAST. This would indicate that for diagnostic purposes, especially for examination of sera with high levels of IgG antibodies, it is more reliable to use the disc RAST instead of the cellulose powder RAST. PMID- 1236838 TI - A narcissistic defence against affects and the illusion of self-sufficiency. AB - A narcissistic defence against affects, unlike isolation, is a defence against an object relationship. Object relations are strengthened by the sharing of genuine affects so that the failure to share feelings or the presentation of false feelings creates distance between the self and other objects. The defence is similar to that of denial in that it entails a modification of the ego's own structure. We have suggested that this modification consists of a precocious but fragile establishment of a sense of self. The defence may occupy a sector of the personality or reflect a more massive structural arrest. When there is this structural arrest, we believe that this narcissistic defence forms the basis for the narcissistic character disorder described by Kohut and the false self of Winnicott. This precocious sense of self leading to an illusion of self sufficiency may also be found in other disorders, including the borderline patient, but the borderline patient, in contrast, suffers from a failure of internalization which leads to object hunger in contrast to the denial of object need of the narcissistic disorder. We suspect that the environmental trauma that may contribute to the narcissistic disorder is less severe as compared to the borderline states and may consist of the mother's failure to accept the child's separateness and autonomy, resulting in a fear of the mother's intrusiveness. The fear of the maternal object's intrusiveness contributes to the relative inability to form a therapeutic alliance in the psychoanalysis of narcissistic character disorders. The analyst's interpretations are experienced as dangerous, not necessarily because of their content but due to the fear of the analyst's intrusive influence. Our understanding of the means of effecting therapeutic change must be modified in patients with narcissistic character disorders for, in contrast to the 'classical' neurotic, analytic progress is not obtained by means of interpreting the transference neurosis in the context of a working or therapeutic alliance. Although we acknowledge that the psychoanalysis of narcissistic disorders can lead to significant therapeutic gains, such analyses may prove to be interminable if the gains do not also result in the establishment of a transference neurosis and therapeutic alliance. PMID- 1236839 TI - Ketamine immobilization of northern elephant seals. AB - Ketamine was used as an immobilizing agent to obtain biological specimens from northern elephant seals in their natural habitat. Effective immobilization was achieved with dosages of 1.4 to 6.9 mg/kg of body weight. PMID- 1236840 TI - An appraisal of naloxone hydrochloride as a narcotic antagonist in the capture and release of wild herbivores. AB - Naloxone hydrochloride was used as the narcotic antagonist during capture operations conducted on 84 specimens of 11 game species in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. It was found that 10 mg of naloxone was sufficient to antagonize wide dosage ranges of etorphine hydrochloride or fentanyl, used in combination with a variety of tranquilizers. The absence of undesirable side effects and the fact that naloxone can be administered without fear of overdosage make it a unique and valuable drug in the capture and release of wild animals. PMID- 1236841 TI - Dual infection of a white-tailed deer by Dermatophilus congolensis and Alternaria alternata. AB - Infection by both Dermatophilus congolensis and Alternaria alternata was found in a 5 1/2-year-old, female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Encrusted lesions characteristic of dermatophilosis were observed on the hocks, flanks, and back. Giemsa-staining of smears of material from beneath the crusts revealed branching filaments, transversely and longitudinally divided into packets of coccoid cells typical of D congolensis. Hyphae morphologically consistent with those of A alternata were found in methenamine-silver- and hematoxylin-and-eosin stained sections of tissue from the ears, flanks, and back. Nutrient agar cultures inoculated with tissue from an ear and hindlimb of the deer yielded, respectively, A alternata and D congolensis. PMID- 1236842 TI - Ataxia, depression, and dermatitis associated with the use of dichlorvos impregnated collars in the laboratory cat. AB - Ataxia and depression developed in 21 of 50 (42%) laboratory cats wearing flea collars impregnated with 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos or DDVP) in a warm dry environment. Five (10%) of the cats died. Whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity was significantly (P smaller than 0.001) reduced in all cats and cervical dermatitis occurred in 37 (74%) of them. PMID- 1236843 TI - Ovarian follicular development during the estrous cycle in gilts following electrocautery of fillicles. PMID- 1236844 TI - Plasma amino acids in fed and fasted wethers. PMID- 1236845 TI - Inhibition of development in Dictyostelium discoideum by sugars. AB - Sugars such as glucose, maltose, and trehalose, which are metabolized by Dictyostelium discoideum and which enhance vegetative growth, inhibit the development of the slime mold at concentrations which stimulate growth maximally. They block the acquisition of aggregation competence as well as aggregation. The same sugars also inhibit the degradation of preformed glycogen ribonucleic acid, and protein, which is characteristic of development and which occurs when the amoebas are starved by incubation in dilute phosphate buffer. PMID- 1236846 TI - Formation of indoleacetic acid by intestinal anaerobes. AB - Indoleacetic acid was produced from tryptophan by only three of 23 intestinal anaerobes studied. Evidence is presented to show that the formation of indoleacetic acid proceeds through the intermediate, indolepyruvic acid, via transamination with alpha-ketoglutarate rather than by tryptamine pathway. PMID- 1236847 TI - Mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum defective in spore germination. AB - After activation, wild-type Dictyostelium discoideum spores germinate rapidly and synchronously in phosphate buffer as well as in complex medium. Mutants defective in spore germination were isolated and characterized. These mutants (called grm) did not germinate normally in buffer but did germinate in complex medium in the presence of bacteria. One mutant (grm B) swelled normally, but amoebae were not formed. Another mutant (grm F) swelled and germinated poorly in buffer. The members of the third group of mutants (A, C, D, and E) did not swell or give rise to amoebae in buffer. PMID- 1236848 TI - Inhibition of the assembly and secretion of procollagen by incorporation of a threonine analogue, hydroxynorvaline. AB - Hydroxynorvaline (DL-alpha-amino-beta-hydroxyvaleric acid) was shown to competitively inhibit the activation of threonine and valine when tested with tRNA and synthetases prepared from whole chick embryos. However, the hydroxynorvaline was transferred only to threonyl-tRNA and not valyl-tRNA. The hydroxynorvaline had no effect when tested with other amino acids. The Km for threonine was 25 muM and the Ki for hydroxynorvaline was 181 muM. When fibroblasts from embryonic chick tendons were incubated with [3H]threonine and increasing concentrations of hydroxynorvaline, there was a progressive decrease in the incorporation of [3H]threonine so that 1 mM hydroxynorvaline the incorporation into nondialyzable protein was 26% of the control value. A much smaller decrease in the incorporation of other radioactive amino acids was observed. When the cells were incubated hith [14C]proline and 1 mM hydroxynorvaline, the labeled procollagen containing hydroxynorvaline accumulated intracellularly and very little was secreted. Control experiments demonstrated that free hydroxynorvaline did not inhibit the secretion of unsubstituted procollagen. Although the individual pro alpha chains containing hydroxynorvaline were of normal molecular weight (125,000) and hydroxyproline content, only about 50% of this intracellularly retained procollagen was triple helical within the cell as 37 degrees as measured by sensitivity to pepsin digestion. Also only approximately 50% of the pro alpha chains were disulfide-linked to form triple stranded molecules as compared to greater than 85% linkage in unsubstituted procollagen. We postulate that incorporation of hydroxynorvaline alters the conformation of the propeptide extension sufficiently so that: (a) normal assembly of disulfide-linked, triple helical molecules is reduced and (b) assembled triple helical molecules are not properly recognized by the secretory mechanism. PMID- 1236849 TI - Purification and comparison of two developmentally regulated lectins from Dictyostelium discoideum. Discoidin I and II. AB - When cells of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum differentiate from a nonsocial amoeboid form to a cohesive, aggregating form, they synthesize a lectin-like protein called discoidin, which is present on the cell surface. It is now reported that discoidin consists of two distinct lectins, designated discoidin I and discoidin II, which, although similar in some respects, differ in their electrophoretic mobilities, isoelectric points, subunit molecular weights, amino acid compositions, tryptic peptide maps, the erythrocyte species which they agglutinate, and the sensitivity of their agglutination activity to inhibition by monosaccharides. Furthermore, discoidins I and II differ in their developmental regulation as evidenced by the distinct time courses of their appearance during differentiation. PMID- 1236850 TI - Magnetic resonance studies of the interaction of Co2+ and phosphoenolpyruvate with pyruvate kinase. AB - Co2+, which activates rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase, competes with Mn2+ for the active site of the enzyme with a KD of 46 muM. Co2+ binds to phosphoenolpyruvate with a KD of 4.1 mM. The structures of the binary Co2+/P-enolpyruvate, and quaternary pyruvate kinase/Co2+/K+/P-enolpyruvate complexes were studied using EPR and the effects of Co2+ on the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the protons of water and P-enolpyruvate and the phosphorus of P-enolpyruvate. The EPR spectra of all complexes at 6 K, disappear above 40 K and reveal principal g values between 2 and 7 indicating high spin Co2+. For free Co2+ and for the binary Co2+/P-enolpyruvate complex, the T1 of water protons was independent of frequency in the range 8, 15, 24.3, 100, and 220 MHz. Assuming coordination numbers (q) of 6 and 5 for free Co2+ and Co2+/P-enolpyruvate, respectively, correlation times (tauc) of 1.3 times 10(-13) and 1.7 times 10(-13) s, were calculated. The distances from Co2+ and phosphorus and to the cis and trans protons in the binary Co2+/P-enolpyruvate complex calculated from their T1 values were 2.7 A, 4.1 A, AND 5.3 A, respectively, indicating an inner sphere phosphoryl complex. Consistent with direct phosphoryl coordination, a large Co2+ to phosphorus hyperfine contact coupling constant (A/h) of 5 times 10(5) Hz was determined by the frequency dependence of the T2 of phosphorus at 25.1, 40.5, and 101.5 MHz. For both enzyme complexes, the dipolar correlation time tauc was 2 times 10(-12) s and the number of rapidly exchanging water ligands (q) was 0.6 as determined from the frequency dependence of the T1 of water protons. In the quaternary enzyme/Co2+/K+/P-enolyruvate complex this tauc value was consistent with the frequency dependence of the T1 of the phosphorus of enzyme-bound P enolpyruvate at 25.1 and 40.5 MHz. Distances from enzyme-bound C02+ to the phosphorus and protons of P-enolpyruvate, from their T1 values, were 5.0 A and 8 to 10 A, respectively, indicating a predominantly (greater than or equal to 98%) second spere complex and less than 2% inner sphere complex. Consistent with a second sphere complex on the enzyme, an A/h value of less than 10(3) Hz was determined from the frequency dependence of the T2 of phosphorus. In all complexes the exchange reates were found to be faster than the paramagnetic relaxation rates and the hyperfine contact interaction was found to be small compared to the dipolar interaction. The results thus indicate that the interaction of C02+ with P-enolpyruvate is greatly decreased upon binding to the active site of pyruvate kinase. PMID- 1236851 TI - Clinical considerations in the choice of materials for orthopedic internal prostheses. AB - The six principal clinical considerations which influence the choice of materials for total joint replacements are given. The necessity for screening tests on potentially useful materials is stressed. These should be carried out on specimens which have been exposed to the sterilizing process, which will be used in clinical practice. The materials should also be investigated after immersion in a physiological solution-bovine serum; following implantation in a large animal. Useful tests are impact testing, and wear studies using pin-on-disk and journal and bush specimens. In the case of total joint replacements, equipment in which joint motions and loadings can be simulated can provide valuable information. The components should also be subject to fatigue testing. There is a need to develop agreed laboratory methods for testing of materials and implants and for the long term follow up of patients. PMID- 1236852 TI - Aster formation in eggs of Xenopus laevis. Induction by isolated basal bodies. AB - We have assayed various materials for their ability to induce aster formation by microinjection into unfertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. We have found that purified basal bodies from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Tetrahymena pyriformis induce the formation of asters and irregular cleavage furrows within 1 h after injection. Other microtubule structures such as flagella, flagellar axonemes, cilia, and brain microtubules are completely ineffective at inducing asters or cleavage furrows in unfertilized eggs. When known amounts of sonicated Tetrahymena and Chlamydomonas preparations are injected into unfertilized eggs, 50% of the injected eggs show a furrowing response at approximately 3 cell equvalents for Chlamydomonas and 0.1 cell equivalent for Tetrahymena. These results are close to those expected if basal bodies were the effective astral inducing agent in these cells. Other materials effective at inducing asters in unfertilized eggs, such as crude brain nuclei, sperm, and a particulate fraction from brain known to induce parthenogenesis in eggs of Rana pipiens, probably contain centrioles as the effective agent. Our experiments provide the first functional assay to indicate that centrioles play an active role in aster initiation. None of the injected materials effective in unfertilized eggs produced any observable response in fully grown oocytes. Oocytes and eggs were found to have equal tubulin pools as judged by colchicine-binding activity. Therefore, the inability of oocytes to form asters cannot be due to a lack of an organizing center or to a lack of tubulin. Experiments in which D2O was found to stimulate aster-like fibrous areas in eggs but not oocytes suggest that the inability of oocytes to form asters may be due to an inability of tubulin in oocytes to assemble. PMID- 1236853 TI - Electron microscopy of synthetic myosin filaments. Evidence for cross-bridge. Flexibility and copolymer formation. AB - Electron micrographs of negatively stained synthetic myosin filaments reveal that surface projections, believed to be the heads of the constituent myosin molecules, can exist in two configurations. Some filaments have the projections disposed close to the filament backbone. Other filaments have all of their projections widely spread, tethered to the backbone by slender threads. Filaments formed from the myosins of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and platelets each have distinctive features, particularly their lengths. Soluble mixtures of skeletal muscle myosin with either smooth muscle myosin or platelet myosin were dialyzed against 0.1 M KC1 at pH 7 to determine whether the simultaneous presence of two types of myosin would influence the properties of the filaments formed. In every case, a single population of filaments formed from the mixtures. The resulting filaments are thought to be copolymers of the two types of myosin, for several reasons: (a) their length-frequency distribution is unimodal and differs from that predicted for a simple mixture of two types of myosin filaments; (b) their mean length is intermediate between the mean lengths of the filaments formed separately from the two myosins in the mixture; (c) each of the filaments has structural features characteristic of both of the myosins in the mixture; and (d) their size and shape are determined by the proportion of the two myosins in the mixture. PMID- 1236854 TI - Centrifugal elutriation: separation of spermatogenic cells on the basis of sedimentation velocity. AB - Various types of cells from the testes of mice and hamsters were separated according to differences in sedimentation velocity by centrifugal elutriation, a counterflow centrifugation technique. Approximately 3 times 10(8) cells, prepared from six mouse testes or from one hanster testis, were separated into 11 fractions in less than two hours as compared to the 4--5 hours required for sedimentation at unit gravity ("Staput"). Fractions enriched in elongated spermatids and spermatozoa (100%), stages 1--8 spermatids (69%) and pachytene spermatocytes (58%) were obtained from mouse testis dispersions. Similarly enriched fractions were obtained from hamster cells. A single fraction enriched in stages 1--8 spermatids (mouse) was prepared in less than 30 minutes. As many as 2 times 10(9) cells were separated in a single procedure. Spermatogenic cells exhibited no evidence of structural damage with trypan blud and phase microscopy, and recovery was essentially 100%. Centrifugal elutriation had no effect on sperm motility or on the plating efficiency of CHO cells. PMID- 1236855 TI - The inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA sythesis in Yoshida ascites cells by bovine follicular fluid. AB - Follicular fluid aspirated from large cow follicles inhibits endogenous, DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity in Yoshida ascites cells. The inhibitory component of follicular fluid is probably a protein and appears to affect specifically the activity of the nucleoplasmic polymerase II. PMID- 1236856 TI - Cell density dependence of the aggregation characteristics of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We have measured fruiting body density and spore formation efficiency in Dictyostelium discoideum as functions of initial cell density. Experiments were performed on agar made up with distilled water and on buffered agar. Minor differences are seen; these are discussed. The functions show 4 regions of density dependence which can be accounted for by changes in aggregation characteristics with density and changes in the efficiency of spore differentiation. The results are discussed in terms of the relaying mechanism for signal propagation controlling cell aggregation. They extend earlier measurements by Bonner & Dodd and by Hohl & Raper, supply data for a quantitative model of the aggregation process, allow estimates of signal range, and show the importance of entrainment between neighbouring centres in defining aggregation territories. PMID- 1236857 TI - D-homo-steroids. Part V. A study of the mechanism of d-Homoannulation of 17alpha hydroxypregnan-20-ones with boron trifluoride. PMID- 1236858 TI - Carotenoids and related compounds. Part XXX. Stereochemistry and synthesis of phytoene. PMID- 1236859 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the natural pyrethrins and related compounds. PMID- 1236860 TI - The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some gibberellins. PMID- 1236861 TI - Synthesis of 3-O-[6-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-di O-stearoyl-L-glycerol, a digalactosyl diglyceride. PMID- 1236862 TI - Opium alkaloids. Part XVI. The biosynthesis of 1-benzylisoquinolines in Papaver somniferum. Preferred and secondary pathways; stereochemical aspects. PMID- 1236863 TI - Microbiological hydroxylation. Part XIX. The action of an ant fungus ('Acromyrmex fungus') on oxygenated androstanes, pregnanes, and cholestanes. PMID- 1236864 TI - Structures of three new steroidal sapogenins from Dioscorea prazeri. PMID- 1236865 TI - Experiments on the synthesis of tetracycline. Part XIII. Oxidation of ring A model phenols to p-hydroxycyclohexadienones. PMID- 1236866 TI - Improved methods for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. PMID- 1236867 TI - Unconventional nucleotide analogues. Part XIII. (2S,4S)-2-hydroxymethyl- and 2 carboxy-4-(purin-9-yl)pyrrolidines. PMID- 1236868 TI - [Urogenital tuberculosis in 1974]. AB - Urogenital tuberculosis, although often forgotten, remains a common and serious disease. Over a period of 10 years (1963 to 1973) 52 patients were seen and treated on our unit. There were 4 deaths all due to intercurrent disease, and 24 patients, i.e. half the survivors list one kidney owing to the tuberculosis. These crude figures, when one considers that they were mostly middle-aged adults, give an idea of the serious nature of urogenital tuberculosis in 1974. PMID- 1236870 TI - Identification of Actinomyces viscosus from canine infections. AB - Actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive, non-acid-fact, facultative, catalase positive, filamentous, or diphtheroidal microorganism. It was isolated from six canine infections during a period of 1.5 years. The organism was cultured from exudate and flaky granules aspirated from infectious granulomas and empyemas. All cultures grew well aerobically and anaerobically with the addition of 10% carbon dioxide. They fermented lactose, produced catalase and acetylmethylcarbinol, reduced nitrates, hydrolyzed aesculin, and did not produce gelatinase or urease. These physiological characteristics distinguish A. viscosus from other morphologically similar organisms. PMID- 1236869 TI - Reference equine antisera to 33 human adenovirus types: homologous and heterologous titers. AB - Equine antisera to human adenovirus types 1 to 33 were prepared and evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition and serum neutralization tests. Detailed data on the potency and purity of the immunizing antigens were tabulated as one means of evaluating the antisera. Most of the 52 hemagglutination-inhibition and 25 serum neutralization major or minor heterotypic responses among the equine antisera were observed at similar levels in previous studies with rabbit antisera and appeared to represent genuine antigenic relationships among the human adenoviruses. Equine antisera to human adenoviruses 1 to 33 and a similarly packaged normal horse serum served as lots of fully tested sera for definitive typing of isolates and as reference standards for evaluating other antisera. PMID- 1236871 TI - Evaluation of turkey erythrocyte hemagglutination assay for the detection of hepatitis B antigen. AB - A recently described hemagglutination test for hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) using turkey erythrocytes coated with horse antibody to HBsAg purified by affinity column chromatography was evaluated on a comparative basis with 100 HBsAg positive and -negative serum samples. The turkey erythrocyte hemagglutination test (TEHA) was found to be less sensitive than radioimmunoassay (RIA) but gave far better results than counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Quantitative titration of HBsAg in serial dilutions of the samples appeared to be more reliably performed by TEHA than by RIA. TEHA is a simple and sensitive technique for the detection of HBsAg and may offer several practical advantages over RIA. PMID- 1236872 TI - Rapid conversion of Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis and sporothrix schenckii in tissue culture. AB - A simple method for positive identification of Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii is given. Primary tissue cultures of guinea pig peritoneal macrophage were inoculated with the mycelial phase of each organism and after 24 h the cells were stained and observed microscopically. The characteristic yeast phase could then be observed allowing for positive identification. PMID- 1236873 TI - Dorsal column nuclei projections to the cerebellar cortex in cats as revealed by the use of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The existence of a cerebellar projection from the dorsal column nuclei (gracile and cuneate nuclei, DCN) has been proposed on electrophysiological grounds but questioned when studied with neuroanatomical techniques. The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used for the present study and provides anatomical evidence of a DCN-cerebellar pathway. In adult cats, 1 to 6 mul of 30% HRP were injected in pars intermedia of the anterior lobe (lobules IV-V), in paramedial lobule and in vermis of the anterior (lobules IV-V) and of the posterior lobe (lobule VII). After survival of 24 to 48 hours, all animals were perfused with a double aldehyde mixture and serial 40 mu sections through the medulla oblongata were incubated for visualization of HRP. In all cases, medullary nuclei known to project to the injected cortical regions of the cerebellum contained HRP-positive neurons mainly ipsilateral to the injection (e.g., external cuneate nucleus) or mainly contralateral to it (e.g., inferior olivary complex). Following ipsilateral injections in either the paramedian lobule or the pars intermedia, HRP-positive neurons in the cuneate nucleus were concentrated in its rostral portion where multipolar cells with radiating dendrites predominate. In contrast, none of the clusters region, in the caudal part of the cuneate nucleus, displayed HRP-positive granules. In cases in which the anterior vermis was injected a few labelled cells were present in the rostral part of the gracile nucleus but not in the clusters region of this nucleus. No labelling of DCN neurons was evident after posterior vermis injection. To compare the distribution of cells contributing to the DCN-cerebellar pathway with that of thalamic relay cells in the DCN, 0.5 to 3 mul of 30% HRP were injected in the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis of the thalamus in another series of cats. Contralateral to the thalamic injection, labelled cells were concentrated in the clusters region of the gracile and cuneate but rostrally in these nuclei they were scattered among unlabelled neurons. The preferential location in the DCN of cells which project to the cerebellum and of cells which project to the thalamus stresses the heterogeneous organization of these nuclei along the rostrocaudal axis. Further, the results indicate that regions of the DCN which have been distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitectonics (Kuypers and Tuerk, '64) and of afferents (Rustioni, '73, '74) differ also in their efferent projections. PMID- 1236874 TI - Maternal influences on ontogeny of suckling and feeding rhythms in the rat. AB - To assess the effects of both maternal and endogenous factors on the ontogeny of nocturnal feeding in the rat, day and night weight gain was determined in the sighted or blind litters of sighted or blind litters of sighted or blind dams and in young weaned at 15 days of age. Sighted dams impose a diurnal milk-intake pattern on their young. The nocturnal pattern of solid-food intake begins at 19 days of age. Blind litters also display nocturnal feeding when kept with sighted dams, but only until 35 days of age. PMID- 1236875 TI - Decline of maternal behavior in the virgin and lactating rat. AB - Sensitized virgins and postpartum lactating mothers, both exhibiting maternal behavior, were given donor litters that increased in age by 1 day, for 28 days, starting at the onset of maternal behavior. Each day females were tested for maternal behavior with pups 4-8 days old: Maternal care (i.e., nursing/crouching, retrieving, nest building and licking) and maternal withdrawal, rejection, and prevention of nursing were recorded. After the ninth day, females were also tested with the progressively older pups from 10 to 28 days of age with which they were living. Virgins and lactating mothers showed generally similar patterns of maternal care although some differences were found, and they declined in maternal behavior toward the older pups in a similar manner. Maternal behavior did not decline in tests with younger pups. The results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the decline as well as the maintenance of maternal behavior postpartum is nonhormonally mediated. PMID- 1236876 TI - Importance of model similarity on extinction of avoidance behavior in children. PMID- 1236877 TI - [Elemental makeup and infrared spectra of the melanin pigments of certain microorganisms]. PMID- 1236879 TI - No evidence for a genetic basis of tongue rolling or hand clasping. PMID- 1236878 TI - Litter sizes of Ha(ICR) mice: a preference for even numbers? AB - The frequency distributions of litter sizes at birth for eight sublines derived from the same Ha(ICR) mouse stock with or without selection for large litters have their modes at even numbers of young. Each of the eight sublines produced a majority of even-numbered litters. An upward integral shift relationship among the medians of the frequency distributions was established. These findings are interpreted to mean that, in response to continued plus selection, ovarian and uterine performance of the Ha(ICR) bipartite reproductive system tends to be maximal bilaterally, which results in an excess of even-numbered litter sizes. PMID- 1236880 TI - MACs in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 1236881 TI - Fenitrothion. I. Study of mutagenic activity in rats. AB - The mutagenic activity of fenitrothion was studied in rats given 0,10,40 or 80 ppm of fenitrothion in the diet. The study combined the dominant lethal test with cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Dominant lethal mutations were investigated: 1. by their so-called tentative determination in single mating in P to F3 generation males and females following 200 days exposure; 2. by assessing the effect of the agent at individual stages of spermatogenesis, with F2 and F4 generation males having been exposed for 100 days and mated to unexposed females for 10 weeks. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in the bone marrow of F2 generation males following 200-days exposure and F3 generation (males) following 500-day exposure to a dose of 80 ppm. Negative results were obtained in all experiments in relation both to dose and generation. Hence fenitrothion is not considered to be a substance with a mutagenic activity. The metodical advantages of the proposed combination of reproduction and mutagenic-activity studies of an agent for toxicological evaluation are discussed. PMID- 1236882 TI - Study of resistance of flies to DDT on agricultural premises in the North Moravian region. PMID- 1236884 TI - Nucleic acid content and nucleotide composition of DNA in leptospirae. AB - The contents of DNA and RNA were studied in 9 strains of leptospirae and the composition of nitrogen bases of DNA in 20 strains of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospirae. It has been found that leptospirae contain a high per cent ration of nucleic acids. According to the nucleotide composition, the family of Leptospira as a whole belongs to the AT-type. According to overall guanine and cytosine contents, the investigated strains of pathogenic leptospirae fall into 3 groups and differ from the seprophytic strains. With respect to the limited number of the investigated strains, the DNA nucleotide composition of leptospirae can be used as a supplementary biochemical criterion in the classification of leptospirae. PMID- 1236883 TI - Vaccination of cattle against Q-fever. AB - Formalin-killed phase I C. burneti organisms containing the protective antigenic component were used for vaccination of heifers against Q fever. None of the vaccinated heifers contracted Q fever, whereas 8 out of 12 (66.6%) control, non vaccinated heifers became infected when exposed to infection for 3 months in the breed of naturally infected dairy cows. In the vaccinated cattle C. burneti was detected immediately post partum neither in the placenta nor in the colostrum. No shedding of C. burneti in milk has been found so far during 3 years of post vaccinal observation period. For detecting Q fever antibodies in the blood of vaccinated as well as naturally infected animals MAR was found more sensitive than CFR. PMID- 1236886 TI - [First trials with the cockscomb candidiasis test as an in vitro screening model for antifungal agents]. PMID- 1236885 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica as a causative agent of septicaemia. AB - The authors describe the first case of isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from blood in a septic infection in Czechoslovakia. They also isolated a strain of Y. enterocolitica from an inguinal tumour in the same patient. Both strains belonged to biotype 4, serotype 0:3 and phagotype 8 and were non-pathogenic for guinea pigs and hares. PMID- 1236887 TI - Decreased antibody response in the offspring of immunized high responder rats. PMID- 1236888 TI - Male with a uterus and fallopian tubes: a rare disorder of sexual development. PMID- 1236889 TI - [Replacement and reconstruction of heart valves]. PMID- 1236890 TI - [Surgery of lung cancer]. PMID- 1236891 TI - [Esophagoplasty]. PMID- 1236892 TI - [Surgical indication and management of heart diseases in newborn and young infants]. PMID- 1236893 TI - [Surgical indication in lung and esophageal diseases of the aged]. PMID- 1236894 TI - [Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 1236895 TI - [Surgical indication and management of heart diseases in newborn and young infants]. PMID- 1236896 TI - [Surgery of the lung and esophagus in the aged. 1. Lung]. PMID- 1236897 TI - [Surgery of the lung and esophagus in the aged. 2. Esophagus]. PMID- 1236898 TI - [Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 1236899 TI - [A clinicopathological study on the relationship between early cancer and atypical epithelial lesions in the gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236900 TI - [Preoperative irradiation of the rectal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236901 TI - A new method of treatment for panhysterectomized radioresistant pelvic cancer; regional chemotherapy utilizing pelvic vascular bed isolation. PMID- 1236902 TI - [Evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy by 5-FU and mitomycin C for gastric surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236903 TI - [A case of hemangiopericytoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236904 TI - [Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236905 TI - [The cytocidal action of alkylating agents and anticancer antibiotics against in vitro cultured Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236906 TI - [Cell-killing kinetics of alkylating agents and anticancer antibiotics against in vitro cultured Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236907 TI - [Statistic review of surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236908 TI - [Experience with combined vasopressin-corticosteroid therapy for brain tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236909 TI - [Catecholamine metabolism in hypertension: evaluation by intravenously infused tritiated norepinephrine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236910 TI - [The fole of the renin-angiotensin system in secondary aldosteronism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236911 TI - [A case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome with congenital dilatation of the common bile duct (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236912 TI - [A family of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency without neurological disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236913 TI - [Two autopsied cases of spinal cord infarction associated with subacute myelo optico-neuropathy (SMON) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236914 TI - [A case of primary acquired agammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236915 TI - [An autopsy case of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma with special reference to the literatures concerned (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236916 TI - [Immunosuppression and its significance in internal medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236917 TI - [Study on carbohydrate metabolic abnormality in the presence of liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236918 TI - [A case of temoral arteritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236919 TI - [Two cases of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236920 TI - [A case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236921 TI - [A clinical study of familial clustering on the high retention of indocyanine green test (ICG) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236922 TI - Comparison of confirmation methods for hepatitis-B antigen and the nature of false-positives detected by 125I-immunoglobulins. AB - Immunologic specificity associated with solid-phase direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) using guinea pig antibodies for HBsAg detection (Ausria-125TM) was examined further with physicochemical techniques. The RIA reactivities which could not be neutralized by wide-spectrum human anti-HBs serum appeared to be physically distinct from true HBsAg particles; hence, they were truly false-positive, resulting from immunologic cross-reactions. In order to ensure the full advantages of using this highly sensitive RIA test, a confirmatory test using specific human anti-HBs for neutralization is therefore required to distinguish the true- and false-positives. The basic RIA technique is a two-step procedure. Two basic confirmation procedures, namely, a first-step neutralization and a second-step neutralization, were investigated in depth to assess their efficacy and practicality for confirmation. Both procedures were effective for confirmation purposes; however, the first-step neutralization procedure failed to confirm some high-titered HBsAg samples unless these samples were appropriately diluted. The second-step neutralization method did not require dilutions of any test samples. PMID- 1236923 TI - Neonatal jaundice as a cause of deafness. PMID- 1236924 TI - Mobitz type I atrioventricular block in the ventricular specialized conduction system. AB - A patient with a history of multiple syncopal episodes had electrocardiographic findings of Wenckebach type of second degree atrioventricular block and left bundle branch block. He was thought to have intermittent complete heart block. His bundle recordings demonstrated the unusual occurrence of Mobitz type I block localized to the ventricular specialized conduction system. Based on the findings of this case and those of previous case reports, it is recommended that electrophysiologic studies should be performed on all patients with Mobitz type I atrioventricular block who also have bundle branch block. PMID- 1236926 TI - Marker chromosome analysis of two mouse chimaeras. AB - Chimaeric mice were obtained by injecting embryonic (CBA/H-T6 X PDE)F1 cells into PDE blastocysts. Three of 15 young were overt chimaeras. One female and one male chimaera survived to adulthood and after completion of test breeding, which demonstrated chimaerism in the germ cells of both, they were killed for study when aged 32 and 33 weeks respectively. Chromosome spreads were scored for the presence or absence of the T6 marker chromosome in direct preparations from bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, corneas, gut epithelium and testes. Preparations from monolayer cultures of skin, kidney, ovary and gut from mitogen-stimulated blood cultures were scored in the same way. Both components of the chimaeras were identified in every one of 53 specimens studied, some of which, such as single lymph nodes, corneas, and segments of gut, may not have contained more than 10(5) proliferating cells. This result complements published evidence for fine-grained mixture obtained in morula-aggregation chimaeras by other methods and implies extensive cell movement during embryogenesis. Results obtained from the lymphomyeloid tissues show a clear partition into two groups in respect of the proportions of host-type to donor-type cells indentified. The one group consists of bone marrow, thymus and Peyer's patches, the other of spleen and lymph nodes. This result would be most simply explained in terms of two distinct stem cell pools and appears to conflict with the currently favoured hypothesis of a single stem cell pool for the whole lymphomyeloid complex located in bone marrow. Four groups of factors may, however, modify the relative representation of the two components in different lymphomyeloid sites: (1) The magnitude of embryonic founder populations. (2) Limited recruitment from the stem cell pool in post-natal life. (3) Variable size of clones produced by individual stem cells. (4) Differential cellular behaviour determined by genotypic differences. PMID- 1236927 TI - Proportionality in the pattern of differentiation of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum and the time of its determination. AB - A quantitative measure of the proportionality of the pattern of cell differentiation is obtained by separating populations of fruiting bodies into stalks and spores and determining the ratio of their dry weights. The effect of incubation temperature on the proportion of a population which becomes stalk cells is determined. The time of determination of this proportion is then indicated by the time in the developmental sequence at which a temperature shift fails to alter it. The results show that the temperatures of growth, aggregation and migration have no effect on the pattern of differentiation and that temperature alterations during early culmination alter the pattern of differentiation. This result demonstrates that the pattern of differentiation is not determined during the migrating slug stage, and it is suggested that the axial inhomogeneities seen in the slug are not directly related to the terminal pattern of differentiation of the fruiting body as has been previously suggested. PMID- 1236925 TI - [In vitro differentiation of cartilage from cephalic neural crest of Pleurodeles waltlii Michah (author's transl)]. AB - Parts of cephalic neural crest of Pleurodeles waltlii have been cultivated in vitro alone or in explants containing other cellular components. It was hoped that these experiments would establish under what conditions cephalic neural crest cells can differentiate into chondroblasts. It has been demonstrated that this differentiation is possible only under the influence of the dorsal mesoderm and foregut endoderm. It appears that neural crest cells are relatively pluripotent and progressively differentiate in response to local environmental factors. PMID- 1236928 TI - Span and rate of apprehension in children and adults. PMID- 1236929 TI - Macrocyst genetics in Polysphondylium pallidum, a cellular slime mould. AB - The discovery of two mating types in the cellular slime mould Polysphondylium pallidum is reported. Two developmental mutants produced in strains of opposite mating type but which do not proceed past the aggregation stage of development are capable of producing macrocysts. These macrosysts were viable and 5 to 10% germinated after 6 weeks of storage. When the macrocyst progeny were cloned, several classes of non-parental phenotypes were recovered. PMID- 1236930 TI - The hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by five bacterial isolates from the sheep rumen, including a new species. AB - Five strictly anaerobic bacteria able to hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids were isolated from sheep rumen. One was characterized as Ruminococcus albus, two as Eubacterium spp. and two as Fusocillus spp., one of which is named as a new species. The Fusocillus organisms were able to hydrogenate oleic acid and linoleic acid to stearic acid, and linolenic acid to cis-octadec-15-enoic acid. The R. albus and the two Eubacteria did not hydrogenate oleic acid but converted linoleic and linolenic acids to a mixture of octadecenoic acids; trans-octadec-II enoic acid predominated but several isomeric cis and trans octadecenoic acids were produced together with isomers of non-conjugated octadecadienoic acids. The intermediate and final products of hydrogenation by each organism were compatible with the results from mixed rumen bacteria. PMID- 1236931 TI - Numerical analysis and computerized identification of the yeast genera Candida and Torulopsis. AB - Numerical analysis of the published standard descriptions of 104 species of Candida and 48 species of Torulopsis suggested that the number of species should be reduced to 78 and 33 respectively. Four examples are noted of closely matched species differing in ability to assimilate nitrate; these species may be combined as nitrate-variable species. Although the ability to form pseudomycelium is the only important difference between the genera, only three examples were noted of Candida and Torulopsis species sufficiently closely matched to be regarded as synonymous. Close relationships with species of the perfect genera were more common. A system, derived from the results of the analysis, is described for computerized identification of species of both genera. PMID- 1236932 TI - Soil fungistasis: role of the microbial nutrient sink and of fungistatic substances in two soils. AB - Sensitivity of conidia of Cochliobolus victoriae to fungistasis decreased markedly following incubation on moist sand for at least 1 h. Germination was greater on Conover loam or on sand being leached with water than on an alkaline clay loam soil known to produce a volatile fungistatic substance. Evolution of 14CO2 began within 3 min after [14C]glucose was applied to the soils; the rate of 14CO2 evolution was faster with Conover loam. Germination of Thielaviopsis basicola conidia per unit of glucose remaining in agar discs initially containing 0-1% glucose, was lower for discs incubated on the clay loam soil than on Conover loam, and was greatest on a bed of sand undergoing aqueous leaching. Germination of ascospores of Neurospora tetrasperma and conidia of C. victoriae was suppressed on discs of washed, Purified Agar or polyacrylamide gel incubated on or over the clay loam soil, but no suppression resulted when discs were incubated on Conover loam. Extensive aeration of either soil did not remove its fungistatic effect. Fungistasis in Conover loam appears to be caused primarily by nutrient deprivation, whereas volatile fungistatic substances may play a major role in the clay loam soil. PMID- 1236933 TI - Identification of Chromobacterium violaceum: pigmented and non-pigmented strains. AB - The classification and, therefore, identification of Chromobacterium violaceum has been based upon its ability to produce a violet pigment. Although the organism may yield non-pigmented variants when subcultured on artificial media, the isolation of non-pigmented strains from pathological tissues or from nature had not been reported. With a method established for the identification of C. violaceum regardless of violet pigmentation, non-pigmented strains were isolated from nature. The presence of non-pigmented strains of C. violaceum in nature is of significance to taxonomy and clinical bacteriology. Pigmentation cannot be held as an essential characteristic of the definition of the genus Chromobacterium and gives credence to the suspicion of Sneath (1960, 1966) that the genus is not a natural one. Non-pigmented strains may have been isolated from clinical material but wrongly identified as belonging to other genera of non pigmented Gram-negative bacilli and regarded as not being pathogenic. PMID- 1236934 TI - Correlation of virulence with secretion in vitro of three wall-degrading enzymes in isolates of Sclerotinia fructigena obtained after mutagen treatment. AB - Correlation and regression analyses were carried out between the virulence (expressed as growth rate in apple fruits) and the secretion in vitro of three host wall-degrading enzymes by 119 isolates of Sclerotinia fructigena, most of which had been obtained following exposure of conidia to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitroso-guanidine. Virulence was found to be significantly correlated (P less than 0-01) with alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, but not with pectin esterase or, where enzyme interdependence had been statistically eliminated, with polygalacturonase. Approximately 35% of the total variability in virulence could be accounted for in terms of the three enzymes. PMID- 1236935 TI - The fine structure of Eadie's ovals isolated from sheep rumen. AB - The structure of two strains of the Gram-negative rumen organism, Eadie's Oval, was examined with the electron microscope. Despite their large size, their fine structure indicated that they were bacteria. They had a cell envelope consisting of two membranes separated by a dense layer which could be solubilized by lysozyme. They possessed characteristic bacterial flagella, and lacked internal organization with ribosomes and DNA-like material dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. The outer membrane was corrugated and each strain had a characteristic pattern of corrugations. One strain had sheathed flagella, the other did not. Both strains were coated with fibrils up to 660 nm long, but which apparently contracted to give an unusual cross-banded layer when treated with lysozyme. PMID- 1236937 TI - Angiography in urinary bladder tuberculosis. AB - Angiography was performed in 6 cases of bacteriologically and microscopically verified tuberculosis of the urinary bladder. As a rule, general or locally accentuated hypervascularization in the bladder wall could be demonstrated in the arterial phase but no venous abnormalities were observed. The circulation time was usually not changed. Thus the angiographic appearances were non-specific. Angiographically it is impossible to differentiate between tuberculous cystitis, cystitis of other genesis or even tumour of the bladder. PMID- 1236936 TI - Frog virus 3 replication: electron microscope observations on the terminal stages of infection in chronically infected cell cultures. AB - An examination of BHK, CEF, and FHM cells chronically infected with frog virus 3 has been made by scanning and transmission (thin section, freeze fracture, and surface replica) electron microscopy. With minor differences the pattern of virus development is similar in all three cell line. Virus particles were detected in cell nuclei which subsequently became degenerate very late in infection. Three inclusions were associated with frog virus 3 cytoplasmic foci of infection; lamella structures, extensive microtubule formation (in BHK and FHM cells), and linear crystalline structures. The last two structures may play a role in creating or maintaining the cell rounding c.p.e. revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Very late in infection most BHK and FHM, but not CEF, cells are stripped of the plasma membrane. Replicas of frozen fractured BHK cells featured cytoplasmic foci of infection, budding at the plasma membrane, and showed that at early times when virus is detected in the nucleus, the nuclear membranes are intact and morphologically unaltered. Budding at the plasma membrane was better resolved by scanning and as surface replicas. This demonstrated that sparse to profuse localized budding occurred. Frequently virus particles were located singly, or as multiples, at the end of, or along, cytoplasmic protrusions which occur both on the body of the cells and at the cytoplasmic/coverslip 'interface'. PMID- 1236938 TI - Lymphography as a guide to prognosis in malignant testicular tumours. AB - Lymphography was performed in 130 patients with malignant neoplasm of the testes. The patients were treated by irradiation, supplemented by chemotherapy when lymph node metastases were present. The survival rates of the various pathologic subdivisions were analyzed according to the lymphography. The following 5-year survival rates were observed: seminoma: normal lymphography 94%, pathologic lymphography 69%; teratocarcinoma: normal lymphography 86%, pathologic lymphography 14%; embryonal carcinoma: normal lymphography 64%, pathologic lymphography 33%. PMID- 1236939 TI - [The sutdies of the vestibular functional test using the minor stimulations. (Part one; functions in normal cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236940 TI - [Circular eye tracking test (CETT)--the first report--simultaneous recording of horizontal ETT and vertical ETT, decrease of artifacts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236941 TI - [Experimental studies on the antigenicity of house dust and properties of anti house dust antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236942 TI - [Cryosurgery and its application to otolaryngology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236943 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the inner ear under acoustic overstimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236944 TI - [Ultrastructural observations of human nasal and paranasal papillomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236945 TI - [Clinical pathology of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 1236946 TI - The heat production associated with the passage of a single impulse in pike olfactory nerve fibres. AB - 1. A study has been made of the temperature changes associated with the passage of a single impulse in the non-myelinated fibres of the pike olfactory nerve. 2. The initial heat occurs in two phases: a burst of positive heat, followed by an evolution of negative heat. The positive and negative heats, and the net initial heat, are temperature-dependent. 3. At 0 degrees C the measured positive initial heat is 44.2 mucal/g.impulse; and the corresponding negative initial heat is 48.9 mucal/g.impulse. There is thus a net initial heat that is negative, of about 4.7 mucal/g.impulse. 4. The positive heat has a positive temperature coefficient, being increased by a factor of 1.86 when the temperature is rasied from 0 degrees C to 10 degrees C. 5. The negative initial heat also increases when the temperature is raised, but less than the positive initial heat. As a result, the net initial heat tends to become positive at higher temperatures. 6. Because of temporal dispersion of the action potential over the face of the thermopile, the observed temperature changes are smaller than those that occur at a single point in the nerve close to the stimulating cathode. The value of the positive heat at 0 degrees C corrected for temporal dispersion is estimated to be about 62 mucal/g.impulse: the corresponding value for the negative heat is about 67 mucal/g.impulse. 7. All records were analysed in terms of only two phases of initial heat (one positive, one negative). No analysis required four phases; but it is unclear whether this finding reflects a true absence of four phases, or merely the inability of the recording equipment to resolve them. 8. The positive heat seems to be derived from two sources. First, there is a dissipation of the free energy stored in the membrane capacity. Secondly, there is an evolution of heat corresponding with a decrease in entropy of the membrane dielectric with depolarization. PMID- 1236947 TI - Proceedings: Electrical coupling between pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 1236948 TI - Factors governing the periodic activation of supraoptic and paraventricular neurosecretory cells during suckling in the rat. AB - 1. One hundred and thirty-two antidromically identified paraventricular (PV) and supraoptic (SO) neurones were studied during milk ejection evoked by the suckling of the young, in thirty-four lactating rats anaesthetized with urethane (1.1 g/kg I.P.). The spike activity of these neurones was analysed to determine some of the factors governing their orthodromic activation. Changes in spike activity were compared with the amount of oxytocin released from the neurohypophysis, as measured by the rise in intramammary pressure at milk ejection. 2. Sixty-five units, from both the PV and SO nuclei, displayed a characteristic burst of accelerated activity 12-18 sec before milk ejection. With a suckling stimulus of nine or ten pups, these neurosecretory responses were both regular in their occurrence (recurring evey 4-8 min) and uniform in character, i.e. all responsive cells accelerated to 30-80 spikes/sec for 1-4 sec. Two units deviated from this pattern and both were recorded in animals which failed to display a detectable milk ejection... PMID- 1236949 TI - [Role of the silent period preceding the rapid voluntary movement (author's transl)]. AB - It has been shown that there is the silent period preceding the rapid voluntary movement. The present paper is designed to find the mechanisms of this inhibitory phenomenon and to investigate their role in the voluntary movement. The following results were obtained: 1. It was found that the silent period before the movement was observed not only in reaction trials to visual stimulus but also in voluntary trials without stimulus. 2. The silent period were simultaneously recorded from the rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis and the vastus medialis by upward jumping movement. This finding suggested that this inhibitory phenomenon was a change in excitability of motoneurons innervating the quadriceps. 3. When a subject extended his elbow and knee at the same time, the silent period before the movement could be seen in both triceps brachii and vastus medialis. 4. These results suggest that the upper center sends some inhibitory discharge to the motoneurons before the movement. It is supposed that the silent period preceding the voluntary movement plays a major role in the mechanisms of motor control. PMID- 1236950 TI - [Value of logarithmic amplification in echography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236951 TI - A hydrophobic binding site in acetylcholinesterase. AB - The dissociation constants have been determined and compared for a series of reversible, noncovalent inhibitors of eel acetylcholinesterase that are structurally related to the very potent inhibitor, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9 aminoacridine (THA). It is concluded that there exists on the enzyme protein, closely adjacent to the anionic subsite, a conformationally flexible, hydrophobic area which tends readily to assume a near planar form. The dimensions of this area are unknown, but it is adequate in size to fully accomodate THA. It is this area, acting conjointly with the adjacent anionic subsite, which provides the attraction for THA and related inhibitors. Uv absorbance maxima and pKa vlaues are reported for many of the compounds. PMID- 1236952 TI - Analogs of bradykinin with restricted conformational freedom. AB - Three analogs of bradykinin have been synthesized which bear an alpha-methyl group in the place of an alpha proton at position, 4, 5, or 8. Such analogs possess restricted conformational freedom and are of interest for three reasons. (1) They may provide information about the receptor-bound conformation of the peptide. (2) They may provide a route to antagonists of the native peptide. (3) They may be degraded slowly by proteolytic enzymes. None of the analogs described here antagonized the action of bradykinin, but one exhibited tissue specificity and decreased pulmonary inactivation in the rat. PMID- 1236953 TI - Studies of platinum complex inhibition of leucine aminopeptidase. AB - The inhibition of swine kidney leucine aminopeptidase by N-alkyl-substituted etyhlenediamine liganded dihaloplatinum chelates has been investigated. The rate of this inhibition at 37 degrees is considerably less than that for the platinum tetra- and hexahalo complexes and also the ethylenediamine dihalo chelates. Only mixed inhibition was observed in these studies. For the time studies used here little if any inhibition occurred at room temperature. L-Methionine and L-Ala-L Met did not reverse the platinum chelate inhibition nor did they prevent it. PMID- 1236954 TI - Hermaphroditism associated with unusual gonadal finding in a mentally retarded child. PMID- 1236955 TI - Mechanism of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase self-assembly: II. Simulation of relaxation spectra for an open linear polymerization proceeding via a sequential addition of monomer units. PMID- 1236956 TI - Distribution of histone F1 on calf thymus nucleohistone DNA. PMID- 1236957 TI - Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. PMID- 1236958 TI - An analysis of the mechanism of crystallization of glutamic dehydrogenase. PMID- 1236959 TI - Crystallization of the fungal enzyme proteinase K and amino acid composition. PMID- 1236960 TI - [Comparison of amino acid composition, immunological properties, and molecular weights of fimbria of gram-negative rods]. PMID- 1236961 TI - [Methods of preservation of fungi]. PMID- 1236962 TI - [Computer management of culture collections]. PMID- 1236963 TI - [Culture collections--activities in Japan and abroad]. PMID- 1236964 TI - [New International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria]. PMID- 1236965 TI - [Fungi and respiratory allergy]. PMID- 1236966 TI - [Fungal infections]. PMID- 1236967 TI - [Indoor contamination by fungi]. PMID- 1236968 TI - [Fungal diseases of fish]. PMID- 1236969 TI - [Red tide]. PMID- 1236970 TI - [Biodegradation of various chemical substances]. PMID- 1236971 TI - [Studies on bacterial leaching]? PMID- 1236972 TI - [New antigenic type K strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food poisoning patients in Kobe City]. PMID- 1236973 TI - [Changes in blood components during sustained exposure to a high altitude (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236974 TI - [The bacterial infections in patients with acute leukemia and their treatment by antibiotics, with special reference to Klebsiella and Pseudomonas infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236976 TI - [Hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236975 TI - [Thrombocytopenic purpura following rubella infection in a child (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236977 TI - [Inappropriate metabolism of water and sodium in hyponatremia - with special reference to osmotic pressure and volume adjustment]. PMID- 1236978 TI - [Hyponatremia in congestive heart failure]. PMID- 1236979 TI - [Kidney diseases and hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236980 TI - [Liver cirrhosis and hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236981 TI - [Vasopressin producing tumor]. PMID- 1236982 TI - [Adrenal cortex hypofunction and hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236983 TI - [Water-electrolyte imbalance in myxedema - analysis based on the feedback loop theory]. PMID- 1236985 TI - [Intracellular hypo-osmotic hyponatremia and sick cell syndrome]. PMID- 1236984 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236986 TI - [Iatrogenic hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236987 TI - [Postoperative hyponatremia]. PMID- 1236988 TI - [Clinical and etiological studies of glucocorticoid-reactive hypertension]. PMID- 1236991 TI - [Dermatological symptoms in systemic diseases. 6. Purpura and necrosis]. PMID- 1236990 TI - [Myocardial infarct with ventricular aneurysm and ventricular septal perforation diagnosis of ventricular aneurysm and ventricular septal defects]. PMID- 1236989 TI - [Congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1236992 TI - [Connective tissue and diseases --- vascular lesions and abnormalities of the connective tissue]. PMID- 1236993 TI - [Systems theory in internal medicine biosystems approach in internal medicine]. PMID- 1236994 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and the thymus gland]. PMID- 1236995 TI - [2 cases of neuroblastoma with acute cerebellar ataxia]. PMID- 1236996 TI - [Epidemiology of HB antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236997 TI - [Immune reaction for HB antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236998 TI - [Clinical studies of HB-antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1236999 TI - [HB antigen and liver diseases-pathological and immunopathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237000 TI - [Studies on the L-cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) in Serum. I. A new end-point method using S-benzyl-L-cysteine-4'-nitroanilide as substrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237001 TI - [Studies on a determination method of plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237002 TI - [Studies on the determination of human serum trypsin protein esterase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237003 TI - [Significance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate determination in clinical chemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237004 TI - [Regression analyses of the data obtained by autoanalyzer SMA 12/60 (3) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237005 TI - [Effect of pyrazole derivatives on reductometric analysis of uric acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237006 TI - [The clinical serological tests in chronic thyroiditis: the importance of measurement of anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237007 TI - [Studies on radioimmunoassay of peptide hormone using polyethyleneglycol. Part 1. Insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237008 TI - [A clinical investigation of renogenic dyslipoproteinemia with polyacrylamide gel block electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237009 TI - [Note on leukocyte separation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237010 TI - [Studies on determination of plasma fibrinogen using TG-meter (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237011 TI - [Relationship between presence of past pulmonary illness and flow-volume curves of adults with normal appearance (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237012 TI - [Updata classification codes for the central laboratory tests. 6]. PMID- 1237013 TI - [Diagnosis of smallpox and immunity by smallpox vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237014 TI - [Recent cases of complications of smallpox vaccination in Miyagi Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237015 TI - [Summary of the symposium on hospital infections and their management (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237016 TI - [Health care to prevent laboratory personnel from hepatitis B antigen infection in Tooku University Hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237017 TI - [Nosocomial infections due to Pseudomonads (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237018 TI - [Hepatitis B antigen contamination in clinical laboratories (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237019 TI - [Hepatitis B infection in medical staff and its prophylaxis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237020 TI - [Laboratory infection of hepatitis B (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237021 TI - [The technological study to simplify identification of Candida in routine work (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237022 TI - [Measurement of plasma lipoperoxide and effect of vitamin E administration on plasma lipoperoxide level (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237023 TI - [Evaluation of a modified Exton's method for determination of urinary protein.- Studies on revaluation of determination of biochemical components in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237024 TI - [Study on the urinary glycopeptide of the myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora-body type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237025 TI - [Comparative studies on the urinary glycopeptides from the myoclonus epilepsy of Lafora-body type and degenerative type (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237026 TI - [Diagnosis of serum lipoprotein abnormalities with combined polyacrylamide gel and paper electrophoresis for therapeutic purpose (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237027 TI - [Determination of nitrogen in urine using indophenol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237028 TI - [Suggested curriculum plan for a pathology course in the postgraduate medical education]. PMID- 1237029 TI - [Diagnostic value of angiography of diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 1237030 TI - [X-ray observation of the pharyngo-esophageal junction]. PMID- 1237031 TI - [Diagnosis of choledochal cyst in adults by drip-infusion-cholangiography: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 1237032 TI - [Carotid angiography with preferential distribution of the contrast medium in the external carotid artery at the initial stage---its methodology and clinical evaluation]. PMID- 1237033 TI - [Medullary sponge kidney]. PMID- 1237034 TI - [Acute esophagitis]. PMID- 1237035 TI - [Hypopharyngeal carcinoma associated with esophageal web]. PMID- 1237036 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis, with special reference to radiography]. PMID- 1237037 TI - [Radiography of renal vein thrombosis]. PMID- 1237038 TI - [Malignant lymphoma - with special reference to clinical pathology]. PMID- 1237039 TI - [Protection of the patient in x-ray examination of the bone and soft tissue]. PMID- 1237040 TI - [Tumor scintigraphy. 2, 67Ga scintigraphy of the thorax]. PMID- 1237042 TI - [Mathematical and technological approach to molecular biology]. PMID- 1237043 TI - [Models simulating adaptation of retinal cells: cones, horizontal cells and bipolar cells]. PMID- 1237041 TI - Mutagenic activity of furylfuramide on cultured mouse cells. AB - Effects of furylfuramide (FF) on cultured FM3A cells a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma cell line, were examined. FF inhibited the growth at 10(-4.5) M, and provoked enlargement of cellular, nuclear and nucleolar size, cytoplasmic vacuolation and granular aggregation of chromatin. Chromosome preparation demonstrated severe aberrations in nearly 90% of mitotic plates after 24 and 28 hour treatment. The changes included gaps, breaks, exchanges and fragmentations, but were at chromatid level. Time course study of the incorporation of radioactive precursors showed the gradual but remarkable inhibition of 3H thymidine uptake whereas 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine uptakes were fairly maintained. Thus, it is suggested that FF induced the block of G1 phase and the delay of S and/or G2 phase. According to the results of alkaline sucrose gradient analysis of cell DNA, breakage of the treated cell DNA was induced and the induced breakage was recovered after the incubation without FF. The capacity to induce 8-azaguanine-resistant mutant cells by FF was shown remarkably high. PMID- 1237044 TI - [Regulation of cardiac output by systemic circulatory mechanics, with special reference to the significance of parallel pathways]. PMID- 1237045 TI - [Analysis of synchronized discharges of motor units by computer simulation]. PMID- 1237046 TI - [Size of the heart and the theory of adaptation-comparative physiological approach]. PMID- 1237047 TI - [Medical engineering in neurosurgery]. PMID- 1237048 TI - [Method of feature extraction in image processing and its application for medical image processing]. PMID- 1237049 TI - Muscle lesions in embryos and chicks on the day of hatching. PMID- 1237050 TI - Avian encephalomyelitis in embryos and abnormal chicks on the day of hatching- neurohistopathological observations. PMID- 1237051 TI - [Morphological study of the kidney in the fowl. I. Arterial system (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237052 TI - Studies on feline haemobartonellosis. II. The mechanism of anemia produced by infection with Haemobartonella felis. PMID- 1237053 TI - [Effect of coccidial infection on acetylcholine-induced contraction of the digestive tract in chickens. II. Comparison of infection between Eimeria maxima and E. necatrix, and among 4 species of Eimeria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237054 TI - [Electrocardiographical studies on cardiac arrest in the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237055 TI - [Electromyographical studies on the swimming movement of carp. II. Pectoral fin movement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237056 TI - [Immunological studies on Metastrongylus apri infection. III. Migratory behavior in the guinea pig of 5 times 10(4) R x-irradiated M. apri larvae used as attenuated larval vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237057 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from cow's intestinal contents and beef meat. PMID- 1237058 TI - Variation of sarcoplasmic proteins of skeletal muscle in native fowl, jungle fowl and their hybrids in Thailand. PMID- 1237059 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of macular lesions in multifocal chorioiditis (presumed histoplasmosis) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the clinical picture of "presumed histoplasmosis" with the typical disciform mascular lesion which is found in a increasing number of Dutch patients. Although systemic histoplasmosis is not endemic in the Netherlands, the authors feel they are dealing with the same entity. The therapy is elucidated, especially (Argon laser) photocoagulation of favourably situated subretinal neovascularisations. The importance of adequate coagulation technique and frequent (fluographic) follow-up studies in view of possible complications is stressed. PMID- 1237060 TI - [Lead poisoning in childhood: a silent epidemic in the slums of the United States (author's transl)]. AB - While leadpoisoning has been with mankind since the dawn of civilization, only in recent years this disease was recognized as a serious public health problem. It has been estimated that more than half a million children are suffering from lead intoxication in the U.S.A. In most instances this disease is caused by eating lead containing peeling paint or plaster crumbs which are abundantly found in run down neighborhoods of the slums. Children, often unsupervised, develop a craving for these toxic substances and their parents are usually unaware of the inherent dangers of such activities. Education of parents, early recognition and appropriate treatment of affected children and -- most important -- eradication of slum living supported by legislative action and governmental financial aid comprise the ingrediences to a rational approach to overcome the presenting dilemma in childhood lead poisoning. PMID- 1237061 TI - [Studies on the incidence and clinical importance of the valve independent, arrested hydrocephalus (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1964 and 1974 193 infants up to the age of 2 years were treated for progressive hydrocephalus by means of a ventriculo-atrial shunt. Long term follow up studies were possible on 148 children. Among these 94 have functioning and 54 non-functioning valves. The criteria for the non-function were based on either plain X-rays of the skull and thorax (disconnection of the catheters, distal end of the cardiac catheter above D 2), direct punctures of the antichamber and contrast medium studies of the diversional system. 35 children with non functioning valves were normal in their mental and motor development, 9 were retarded according to their primary brain damage, 10 patients showed signs of chronic increased intracranial pressure. These results suggest, that about one fourth of the valve treated patients develop a state of valve independency. PMID- 1237062 TI - [The unspecific reaction of inflammation in rickets due to lack of vitamin D (author's transl)]. AB - 10 children (3--18 months old) with Vit. D Deficiency Rickets were investigated by Rebuck skin windows for their ability to elicit unspecific inflammation before and after therapy. Differences to a control group (13 children) were statistically significant. In the acute phase of the disease beginning of inflammation is retarded, reduction of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in favour of mononuclear cells is less then in controls, the absolute quantity of exsudation is reduced too. After therapy inflammation is intensified and accelerated, but exsudation is still different from control children qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings add new facts to the data already known on impaired defence mechanisms in rickets. PMID- 1237063 TI - [Enterobacter-osteomyelitis in two neonates (author's transl)]. AB - Two boys aged up to 2 weeks suffered from enterobacter-sepsis. In both cases osteomyelitis developed in spite of treatment with Gentamycin or Gentamycin combined with Chepazolin. Both children were, taking accont of the risks, then treated with Chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg body weight/24 hours) and the first patient also, for a short time, with tetracyclin. In the second patient we saw a marrow depression dependent on Chloramphenicol and its dosage which disappeared rapidly, when the drug was withheld. PMID- 1237064 TI - [4 cases of congenital afibrinogenemia (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 4 members of one family with afibrinogenemia. 2 of them died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 10. The 2 surviving children are 8 and 10 years old. Plasmafibrinogen was determined in 69 members of the family. Only in the parents of 2 patients was plasmafibrinogen found to be slinghtly reduced. But in other members of the family fibrinogen was low. In our cases, too, the ADP induced aggregation of thrombocytes in plasma obtained with citrate was weaker than normal. PMID- 1237065 TI - Steroid control of gonadotropin release. PMID- 1237066 TI - The role of testicular sensitivity to gonadotropins in sexual maturation of the male rat. PMID- 1237067 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the onset of puberty in the female rat. PMID- 1237068 TI - Localization of intravenously administered [3H]-testosterone and its metabolites in the brain of the male rat: the absence of a major effect related to the time of day of the injection. PMID- 1237070 TI - Immunological status as a criterion for operability of genitourinary cancers. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction of 116 consecutive cases of urologic cancers were studied by skin tests. Ninety-one percent of those who were operable or free of diseases at least six months had positive skin reaction. All patients with inoperable or recurrent bladder, kidney, or testis tumor had negative skin reaction. All patients with operable prostatic cancer and 52% of those with inoperable prostatic cancer had positive skin reaction. Skin testing could provide useful data regarding the extent of tumor and operability. It is proposed that skin testing be included in routine preoperative evaluation of urologic cancers. PMID- 1237069 TI - The effect of intact and lysed leukocytes on murine tumor growth and host survival. AB - The inhibitory effect of sensitized lymph-node cells on transplanted tumor growth in the mouse is well documented. The efficacy of peripheral lymphocytes is disputed. Lysed lymphocyte extracts ("transfer factor"), although effective in transferring several types of delayed hypersensitivity in man, have had equivocal results in animals, particularly in tumor immunity. Fifty 129SV mice were sensitized over 1 month with multiple injections of a transplantable tumor that had arisen in the strain as a spontaneous testicular teratoma. These lymphocyte donor mice were sacrificed and lymphocytes pooled. Half of the lymphocytes were given intact to the 25 mice of experimental group A. Remaining lymphocytes were lysed and given to the 25 mice of group B. The control group C of 25 mice received intact lymphocytes from unsensitized donors. All mice were then challenged with 10(6) tumor cells subcutaneously. Two weeks after challenge no animals in the treated groups (A and B) had palpable tumors, whereas 32% in the control group C had palpable tumors. After 3 weeks 25% of group A, 42% of group B, and 63% of group C had tumors. Tumors ultimately grew in 60% of group A, 76% of group B, and 88% of group C. The effect of treatment on rate of tumor growth after appearance was variable, showing inhibition in some and enhancement in others. The ability of intact, sensitized lymphocytes and lymphocyte extracts to confer relative tumor immunity was demonstrated. PMID- 1237071 TI - [Treatment of vascular and hemorrhagic diabetic retinopathies by means of argon lasers]. PMID- 1237072 TI - [Lipoma of the spermatic cord]. PMID- 1237074 TI - The Shannon State School and Hospital Simulator: simulation materials for superintendents and other management personnel. PMID- 1237073 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention and therapy of thromboembolic diseases. Principles of practical use]. PMID- 1237075 TI - [Formation by Actinomyces malachitospinus sp. nov. of a physiologically active substance that stimulates zygote formation in Mucorales]. AB - A new species Actinomyces malachitospinus sp. nov. is described. It has spiral catenulate spores with spines, a gray aerial mycelium, and a green colonial mycelium, and contains no soluble pigments (including melanoid pigments). The strain of Act. malachitospinus INMI 217 produces a physiologically active substance that stimulates the formation of zygotes in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. PMID- 1237077 TI - [Enteromonas hominis as one of the frequent flagella of the human intestine]. PMID- 1237076 TI - [Morphological and biosynthetic activity of Trichothecium roseum in relation to the polynuclear conidia of the fungus]. AB - The effect of the number of the nuclei on the morphological and synthetic variability was studied with the conidia of Trichothecium roseum. Treatment of suspensions of the conidia with 0.5--1.0 percent solutions of colchicine during two hours increased the number of the nuclei in the conidia, induced the formation of giant colonies, and augmented the ability to produce antibiotics. No reliable differences have been found in the levels of proteolytic activity between the control strains and the strains treated with colchicine. PMID- 1237078 TI - [Influence of conditions of maintenance of the eggs of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes on the emergence of larvae]. PMID- 1237079 TI - A case of conditioned aggression. PMID- 1237080 TI - Harringtonine, an inhibitor of initiation of protein biosynthesis. PMID- 1237081 TI - Stable enzyme inhibitors and stable free radical species in ultraviolet irradiated solutions of chlorpromazine. PMID- 1237082 TI - Importance of the aromatic ring in adrenergic amines. Nonaromatic analoques of phenylethanolamine as substrates for phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. PMID- 1237083 TI - Carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. PMID- 1237084 TI - Surgical reconstruction of blow-out fracture. PMID- 1237085 TI - Effects of low-dose X-irradiation and age of females on intra-uterine death in mice. AB - Pilot-tests were carried out on the effect of low X-ray doses (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 rad) and age of females on intra-uterine death. The tests included the effects of various ages of females at exposure, of fractionated irradiation and pre-partal exposure. Females and males were taken from our inbred CBA strain. Virgin females, as well as females that had produced some litters, were used. From the results it is obvious that the age of the females at the time of mating had a considerable effect on the death rate (varying from about 8% in young females to 25-30% in old ones). The low-dose X-ray exposure does not seem to have had any detectable influence on the rate of intra-uterine death. PMID- 1237086 TI - A mutational assay system for L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, using hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT) -deficiency as marker. The occurrence of a long expression time for mutations induced by X-rays and EMS. AB - The development of a system for the detection of somatic cell mutation to hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT) (EC 2.4.2.8) deficiency in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells is described. The selection of mutant cells was not influenced by the concentration of the selective agent 6-thioguanine (6-TG). In addition, all the mutants selected, spontaneous as well as induced ones, showed a complete loss of HGPRT activity. In reconstruction experiments, in which mutant cells were mixed with wild-type cells, the recovery of mutant cells was only markedly influenced when wild-type cells were seeded in a cell density ten times higher than the one, 5-10(4) cells/ml, used in subsequent induction experiments. X-irradiation and treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) increased in the mutation rate above the spontaneous background. A clear-cut dose dependent mutagenic effect after exposure to X-rays was measured. The rate of induced mutations at the HGPRT locus in lymphoma cells was 1-3-10(-7) per R, as determined after exposures of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 R. The time the cells needed to express their mutations was much longer than 48 h. Further study of this phenomenon showed that the optimal expression time for TGr-resistant mutants in L5178Y cells was 6 to 7 days. No indication for a dose-dependent effect on the optimal expression of the mutants was found. PMID- 1237087 TI - Antifungal properties of the insect alarm pheromones, citral, 2-heptanone, and 4 methyl-3-heptanone. PMID- 1237088 TI - Private Initiative in PSRO. AB - Private initiative in PSRO (Pl) is a privately funded joint effort by five major professional organizations to influence the implementation of PSRO on behalf of the public interest. Working with five PSRO's, PI is testing a form of concurrent quality assurance and its effect on the immediate outcomes of hospital care. The project also promotes and evaluates participation in local PSRO's by representatives of the general public. The operating costs of PSRO's and their impact on hospital utilization and reimbursements by Medicare and Medicaid are being prospectively determined. A central issue addressed by PI is growing encroachment by the central administration of PSRO on private medicine's traditional responsibility for assuring the quality of care. PI seeks improved means of rendering a satisfactory public accounting in quality assurance as an alternative to federal regulation of this elemental professional function. PMID- 1237089 TI - Expression of H-Y antigen in human males with two Y chromosomes. AB - To determine whether the gene that controls the expression of H-Y ("male") antigen on human cells is Y-linked, we have compared the H-Y antigen level in normal males with that in three males with two Y chromosomes. Leukocytes from one XXYY and two XYY males express more H-Y antigen than leukocytes from normal XY males. We conclude that a structural gene or positive regulatory gene for H-Y antigen is on the human Y chromosome. Testing for the H-Y antigen may be of benefit in patients who have signs of masculinization but who lack an identifiable Y chromosome. Positive results for the H-Y antigen would be tentative evidence that the corresponding region of the Y chromosome was present, perhaps as part of a translocation, despite the absence of a typical Y chromosome. PMID- 1237090 TI - Editorial: Y-linked genes and male-sex determination. PMID- 1237091 TI - Voltage clamp study on inward chloride currents of spherical muscle cells in tissue culture. PMID- 1237092 TI - DNA breakage caused by dimethyl mercury and its repair in a slime mould, Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 1237093 TI - Morphine tolerance and dependence in noradrenaline neurones of the rat cerebral cortex. AB - By subcutaneous implantation of 2 or 13 morphine pellets (75 mg morphine/pellet), rats were made tolerant to, and dependent on narcotic analgesics. Occipital cortex slices from dependent animals and placebo-implanted controls were incubated with (-)-3H-noradrenaline and subsequently superfused with physiological salt solution. The accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline was not changed by pretreatment with 2, but was slightly decreased by pretreatment with 13 morphine pellets. The overflow of tritium evoked by electrical field stimulation was higher in slices from morphine-implanted rats than in those from placebo controls. Morphine and levorphanol, added in vitro, inhibited the stimulation induced overflow of tritium at similar concentrations and to a similar degree in slices from morphineand placebo-pretreated animals.--It is concluded that, during chronic treatment with morphine, an adaptation takes place in the brain to compensate for the acute effect of narcotic analgesics, i.e. inhibition of the release of noradrenaline by nerve impulses. The chain of events from the drug receptor interaction to the depression of the release process can be escluded as substrate of this adaptation. During withdrawal, the compensatory changes provoke an enhanced increase of extracellular noradrenaline during nerve impulses. PMID- 1237094 TI - [Letter: Discharge from the nipple]. PMID- 1237095 TI - [Post-traumatic neuroses. Expert testimony]. PMID- 1237096 TI - [Occipito-basal hemangioblastoma supplied by tentorial artery (artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237097 TI - The relative role of brain acetylcholine and histamine in perphenazine catatonia and influence of antidepressants and diphenhydramine alone and in combination. PMID- 1237098 TI - Tetrahydrocannabinol-attenuated abstinence and induced rotation in morphine dependent rats: possible involvement of dopamine. PMID- 1237099 TI - Persistence of chronic morphine effects upon activity in rats 8 months after ceasing the treatment. PMID- 1237100 TI - Regulation of ethanol intake by rats with an induced preference for ethanol. PMID- 1237101 TI - Visual perception of line direction in patients with unilateral brain disease. AB - The accuracy of identifying the slope of briefly exposed lines was assessed in patients with lesions of the left or right hemisphere and in a group of control patients without history or evidence of brain disease. The frequency of impaired performance was remarkably high in the patients with right hemisphere lesions. In contrast, the patients with left hemisphere lesions did not perform differently from the control group. Visual field defect, aphasic disorder, and age were not related to performance level. The striking interhemispheric difference in performance on this visuospatial task suggests its further development for clinicodiagnostic purposes. PMID- 1237102 TI - Fusariosis, myasthenic syndrome, and aplastic anemia. AB - Fusarium, a fungus, produces a potent mycotoxin that, when ingested with contaminated cereal grains, produces a serious illness in man called alimentary toxic aleukia (USSR) and Akakabi-byo (Japan). The illness includes gastrointestinal symptoms and weakness and if ingestion of Fusarium contaminated grain persists, culminates in aplastic anemia. A 66-year-old woman had Eaton Lambert syndrome and a clinical course similar to alimentary toxic aleukia. Several months before her death, pancytopenia, initially thought guanidine induced, developed and progressed to aplastic anemia despite discontinuation of guanidine 2 1/2 months before death. Autopsy showed numerous granuloma in the liver, spleen, esophagus, and cecum from which Fusarium oxysporum was isolated. Although the unique finding of systemic fusariosis may relate to altered host resistance terminally, a causal relationship with her defect of neuromuscular transmission and/or aplastic anemia is a distinct possibility. PMID- 1237103 TI - Neurofibrillary changes after acute experimental lead poisoning. AB - Following acute tetraethyllead intoxication in rabbits classic neurofibrillary tangles develop. As studied by electron microscopy, such tangles develop in hydropic degenerating neurons and consist primarily of bundles of 200 A diameter smooth tubules of enormous length. In two of 16 animals a few twisted tubules (periodicity of 800 A) also could be found. The significance of these lead induced twisted tubules, so characteristic of Alzheimer's pre-senile dementia in man, is discussed. PMID- 1237104 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base and lactate changes after seizures in unanesthetized man II. Alcohol withdrawal seizures. AB - Acid-base changes in arterial blood and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with simultaneously determined lactate levels in patients admitted after alcohol withdrawal seizures. Arterial and cerebrospinal fluid lactate was elevated in association with a marked respiratory alkalosis in 13 patients studied 5 to 12 hours after the seizure. Similar elevations of arterial and cerebrospinal fluid lactate were found in five patients during delirium tremens without antecedent withdrawal seizure. The cerebrospinal fluid lactate determined on admission appeared to correlate best with the length and severity of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome that developed in patients after a withdrawal seizure. PMID- 1237105 TI - Ocular bobbing: the myth of its localizing value. AB - Ocular bobbing is a distinctive eye movement disorder seen in patients with pontine dysfunction. The typical phenomenon consists of abrupt, spontaneous downward jerks of the eyes with a slow return to the midposition in association with paralysis of spontaneous and reflex horizontal eye movements. Bobbing was present in a patient with acute cerebellar hemorrhage in whom no intrapontine lesions could be demonstrated. The myth that this sign is specific for intrapontine destruction has to be abandoned. PMID- 1237107 TI - Evidence of subnormal function of association cortex in presenile dementia. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 23 patients with organic dementia (17 patients with Alzheimer's disease and six with low-pressure hydrocephalus [LPH]). The flow of gray matter was significantly reduced, especially in occipito-parieto-temporal regions, as well as frontally in some patients. During activation with psychologic tests, reading, etc., the flow augmentation in the association areas in the demented patients was not as marked as in nondemented controls. Instead, in some patients, a flow diminution was recorded in the same regions (intellectual steal). Organic dementia appears to be accompanied by a low activity in the association cortex and a reduced ability to activate these regions during mental effort. PMID- 1237106 TI - Neurogenic influence on local cerebral blood flow. Effect of catecholamines or sympathetic stimulation as correlated with the sympathetic innervation. AB - Local cerebral flow was measured continuously in conscious rabbits (thermoclearance technique), and PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded by mass spectrometry. Though inhalation of CO2 increased flow in caudate nucleus and lateral geniculate body, catecholamines only had effect on caudate nucleus where isoproterenol enhanced and epinephrine and norepinephrine reduced flow. Reduction by electrical stimulation of the neck sympathetic trunk was particularly evident in the caudate. Blood flow increased markedly in both regions after preganglionic conduction blockade. The effects were correlated with a significantly lower degree of sympathetic arteriolar innervation (fluorescence histochemistry) in the lateral geniculate body compared with the caudate nucleus. PMID- 1237108 TI - Macro square wave jerks. AB - Quantitative eye movement recordings in a patient with multiple sclerosis who had both macro square wave jerks and an internuclear ophthalmoparesis supported the concept of an internal brain-stem monitor that mediates corrective eye movements. A brain-stem model of this monitor illustrates the patient's motility disorder and the normal function of providing synergistic version and vergence corrections for dysmetric eye movements. Thus, the careful study of pathologic disturbances provides information relevant to the normal operation of the ocular motor system. PMID- 1237109 TI - Electrophysiologic analysis of aberrant regeneration after facial nerve paralysis. AB - The blink reflex, ordinarily elicited only in the orbicularis oculi and not in other facial muscles, can be used to detect synkinetic movements objectively. In 26 of 29 patients tested at least 4 months after facial nerve degeneration, an aberrant blink reflex was recorded in the orbicularis oris on the affected side. Of the remaining three, one had injury to only a peripheral branch of the facial nerve and experienced a return of function with no evidence of synkinesis; in the other two, the affected side of the face was totally paralyzed in the absence of facial nerve regeneration. Synkinetic movements ultimately will occur in nearly all cases following facial nerve degeneration provided that the facial nerve regenerates from a proximal site. PMID- 1237110 TI - Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord with cystinuria. AB - An 18-year-old man had noticed increasing difficulty in walking for 4 years. Examination disclosed spastic paraparesis and posterior column signs suggestive of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Urinalysis, urinary thin layer chromatography, and intestinal biopsy disclosed typical cystinuria. Pernicious anemia and other known enteropathies were excluded. Although this could be a chance association of cystinuria and subacute combined degeneration, one other paper has reported a cystinuria patient with similar neurologic findings. A chance association between cystinuria and nonpernicious anemia subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord should occur only once in 120 million individuals. Thus, identification of only a few more cases would suggest a pathogenetic link between the two disorders. These observations emphasize the need to search for neurologic signs in patients with cystinuria and to screen the urine of patients with spinal cord signs of obscure origin for cystinuria. PMID- 1237111 TI - Studies in myasthenia gravis. Pyridostigmine-C14 metabolism after thymectomy. AB - Pyridostigmine-carbon 14 (P-C14) excretion studies in myasthenia gravis patients who had had thymectomies failed to produce any significant difference from results observed in myasthenic patients who had not had thymectomies. Thus, change in P-C14 metabolism cannot help explain decreased anticholinesterase requirements and electromyographic changes observed in some patients following thymectomy. PMID- 1237112 TI - Cultural lag and occupational health Nursing. PMID- 1237113 TI - Immunization action month scheduled for October. PMID- 1237115 TI - AAIN statement on continuing education. PMID- 1237114 TI - Professional judgment and the occupational health nurse. PMID- 1237116 TI - Suppression of expulsion of Aspiculuris tetraptera in hydrocortisone and methotrexate treated mice. AB - Hydrocortisone treated male and female mice, given a primary infection with Aspiculuris tetraptera, did not reject the worms during the third week of infection. Mice given hydrocortisone during the first week of infection had elevated worm burdens on day 10, suggesting that some worm loss was encountered during the anterior migration in control mice. Furthermore, this temporary period of treatment was sufficient totally to suppress rejection and to allow the parasite to persist until day 28. Methotrexate also significantly delayed rejection, but larval growth was retarded in treated mice. These results, it is suggested, add strength to the hypothesis that the loss of A. tetraptera in a primary infection in mice, is an immunological phenomenon. PMID- 1237117 TI - Suppression of the immune response to Trichuris muris in lactating mice. AB - Mice infected with Trichuris muris during lactation were unable to expel the infection at the normal time, but expulsion occurred when lactation was terminated. Suppression of expulsion was uniform in mice suckling more than five young but variable with smaller litters. Mice exposed to a primary infection while lactating were shown to have serum antibodies capable of passively transferring immunity to recipient mice and showed near normal immunity to a secondary infection given after lactation had ceased. Acquired immunity to T. muris was also suppressed by lactation, but the worms which became established in lactating resistant mice were fewer and smaller than those in non-lactating, non resistant controls. It is suggested that the suppressive effect of lactation in this host-parasite relationship is exerted on the second, lymphoid cell-mediated phase of worm expulsion. PMID- 1237119 TI - Effect of exteroceptive feedback in controlling electrodermal activity in pre conditioned fears. AB - Ss with a strong fear of snakes were taught to increase and decrease their skin resistance during practice sessions with a continuous visual display. Ss were not aware that they were increasing or decreasing their levels of skin resistance and attempted only to influence the magnitude of the multimeter display, the polarity of which was controlled by the experimenter. The study used a within-subjects reversal design to investigate whether bidirectional control could be acquired over skin resistance level. To investigate whether this acquired control could affect the magnitude of elicited pre-conditioned autonomic responses, a pre- and post-training comparison was made between the GSRs elicited during test sessions in which Ss viewed slides of snakes while attempting to influence their electrodermal activity with the assistance of the visual display. The results suggest that Ss are able to acquire voluntarily bidirectional control of their level of skin resistance with continuous visual feedback and that this control can either depress or facilitate the magnitude of pre-conditioned emotional responses as a function of visual feedback. PMID- 1237118 TI - [Triploidy in the child. I. Study of phenotype. An observation of triploidy with mosaicism 46, XX/69, XXY]. PMID- 1237120 TI - Cognitive and personality factors associated with the double trapezium illusion. AB - 76 pairs of 9- to 11-yr.-old twins (41 female, 35 male) who were discordant on the magnitude of error for the double trapezium illusion were given the Children's Personality Questionnaire and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). The Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks test was used to determine whether the twins with relatively smaller magnitudes of error than their co-twins also manifested systematic differences on the personality factor scores and the WISC subtest scores. Among the female pairs, twins with smaller magnitudes of the illusion were relatively more stable (Factor C), more shrewd (Factor N), obtained higher scores on Similarities and Digit Span, and had longer reaction times before responding to the figures. Among the male pairs, similar trends were found but the differences were not as pronounced. The results are discussed in terms of Piaget's theory concerning children's deployment of attention and Kagan's reflective-impulsive dimension in children's cognitive judgments. PMID- 1237121 TI - Menstrual cycle and the decision to seek psychological services. PMID- 1237122 TI - Simple parametrizations of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves. AB - Four elementary mono-compartmental lung models yield parametrizations of Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume curves of normal subjects. The respective analytical functions are fitted to the measured curves and the mathematically derived ventilation indices are compared with standard measured data. While individual values of resistance and compliance seem devoid of a simple physical interpretation, their product indeed matches the models. PMID- 1237123 TI - Glucose transport in the short loop of Henle of the rat kidney. Its characterisation by transport constants. AB - Short loops of Henle in rat kidneys were perfused with proximal tubular equilibrium solutions containing radioactive D-glucose. The transport rates follow 2-parameter kinetics: Km = 5.7 mmol/I. Vmax - 145 X 10(-12) MOL/MIN-1; Phlorrhizin inhibits transport almost completely, indicating little passive diffusion of D-glucose. The glucose transport capacity in the short loops of Henle, presumably in the pars rects, is much smaller than that in superficial segments. PMID- 1237124 TI - Metabolic changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle of obese people. Enzyme activity patterns of energy-supplying metabolism. AB - 1. In biopsy samples of the lateral part of m. quadriceps femoris of 49 obese and 14 lean persons the activities of the following enzymes were investigated: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH), glycerolphosphate: nad dehydrogenase (GPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), malate: NAD dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOADH). 2. The muscles of obese had an increased activity ratio of TPDH to CS and to HK, respectively, caused in muscles of female obese subjects by an increase of TPDH activity, in those of obese men rather by a decrease of CS and HK activities. 3. Cluster analysis brough to light the existence of three major groups. Group 1 (low activity-low LDH group), consisting of muscles of female obese subjects only, exhibited low activities of all enzymes investigated, that of LDH being so low as to possibly induce a serious deficiency of anerobic metabolism under working conditions. Group 2 (medium enzyme activity group) was characterized by medium enzyme activities, similar to that of lean controls (included in this group). This consisted of subjects of both sex. Group 3 (high enzyme activity group) consisted of obese of both sex. It was distinguished by high enzyme activities, especially of LDH. It is suggested that the groups of similar enzyme activity patterns might reflect different stages, types and/or genesis of obesity. PMID- 1237125 TI - The spinal route of sympatho-inhibitory pathways descending from the medulla oblongata. AB - 1. The effect of making discrete lesions in the cervical spinal cord on the brainstem elicited inhibition of a spinal somato-sympathetic reflex response has been studied in anaesthetized cats. 2. Electrical stimulation within three areas of the medulla caused an inhibition of the spinal component of the reflex response elicited in thoracic white rami communicantes by stimulation of intercostal nerves. The three medullary areas studied were the ventrolateral medulla and the caudal rephe nucleus, from where bulbospinal monoamine neurones originate, and the ventromedial reticular formation. 3. The inhibitory effects of stimulation in the ventrolateral medulla and raphe nucleus were abolished by the destruction of parts of the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord, whereas the inhibition produced by ventromedial reticular formation stimulation was abolished by lesions which included part of the ventral quadrant of the cord. 4. The time course of the inhibitory effects of electrical stimulation of descending sympatho-inhibitory tracts in the cervical spinal cord was studied in unanaesthetized decerebrate cats spinalized at C1. Inhibition obtained from the dorsolateral funiculus characteristically had a longer time to onset than inhibition obtained from the ventrolateral and ventral funiculi. PMID- 1237126 TI - Effect of ouabain and potassium-free solution on mammalian thermosensitive afferents in vitro. AB - Studies have been performed on the afferent fibers innervating the scrotal skin of the rat to test the hypothesis that the generator potential mechanism underlying cold thermosensitivity of these afferent fibers is an electrogenic sodium pump. In these experiments a pudendal nerve-scrotal skin preparation was isolated from the animal and maintained in oxygenated mammalian Ringer's where composition could be varied and drugs added. Application of ouabain resulted in an increae in the discharge of cold sensitive afferent fibers which was more pronounced at 38--41 degrees C than at temperature below 30 degrees C. In most of the cases transient accelerations on cooling were reduced, but often a transient response to warming appeared. The effects of ouabain administration were reversible. Removal of extracellular K at 35 degrees C resulted in an increased discharge of cold sensitive afferents. This observation is consistent with the effects of ouabain, since removal of extracellular K also block Na transport. The generator potential mechanism underlying cold sensitivity of these afferent fibers appears to be an electrogenic Na pump. PMID- 1237127 TI - [Letter: Immunoallergic thrombopenic purpura due to rifampicin]. PMID- 1237129 TI - [Letter: Results of the effort for articulation and integration between somatic medicine and psychological medicine. Could we be wrong]. PMID- 1237128 TI - [Letter: Acute bismuth induced encephalopathy in a pregnant woman. Birth of a normal child]. PMID- 1237131 TI - [Immunogenic properties of S. choleraesuis for pigs]. AB - The aim of this work was to determine pathogenic properties for white mice of 3 S. choleraesuis strains. Two of these strains (No. 6 and Ivanovice) were attenuated, and the third strain (No. 964) was isolated from a pig which died of salmonellosis. Pathogenic properties and shedder state of the attenuated strains were tested in pigs with special reference to the persistence of the shedder state in the lymph nodes and internal organs of pigs after their vaccination and subsequent challenge. Specific agglutinin level in pigs before and after administration of the attenuated S. choleraesuis strains was also determined. During the investigations the method for industrial production of the lyophylized vaccine was worked out. The vaccine, containing the attenuated Ivanovice strain, proved to be harmless for pigs, under laboratory conditions, and it protected pigs against experimental challenge 3 weeks after their vaccination. After this time no salmonellae were found in the lymph nodes and internal organs of pigs. No salmonellae were also detected in faeces of these pigs during 10 days after their vaccination. In pigs vaccinated and challenged 3 weeks later no salmonellae were found in the lymph nodes and internal organs, 3 weeks after the challenge, although these micro-organisms were detected in faeces of these pigs 2 to 5 days after challenge. The only exception was one pig; from its lymph node salmonellae were isolated. The three above-mentioned S. choleraesuis strains proved to be pathogenic for white mice. PMID- 1237130 TI - DNA replication in Physarum polycephalum: characterization of replication products in vivo. AB - Synchronous plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum in DNA synthesis were pulse labelled with [oH]- thymidine for time periods of 15 seconds up to 9 minutes, or given a 30 seconds pulse followed by chase periods of 9 minutes up to 6 hours. Sedimentation analysis in alkaline sucrose gradients revealed at least five species of single stranded DNA14 molecules in the pulse experiments. Co sedimentation of [14C]-labelled phage-DNA gave relative S-values of 5-7, 13-15, 23-25, 30 and 33-35 for these DNA molecules, all of which can be chased into DNA of higher molecular weight. PMID- 1237132 TI - [Effect of semen diluters containing egg yolk contaminated with DDT on the survival of bull spermatozoa]. AB - In two experiments, hens received 200 (group I) or 100 ppm of DDT per day and per kg of live weight (group II), for 17 or 10 days resp. The eggs of experimental hens were collected, and a 3 or 6 day collection of eggs was used for preparing a sample of pooled egg yolks; one part of this sample was used for preparation of a 25% egg yolk-citrate diluent, the other for DDT determination. The egg yolks of experimentally poisoned hens contained 12 to 957 ppm of DDT (egg yolks of controls 1-4 ppm) in consecutive collection samples. However, the survival time and survival indexes of bull semen (90 ejaculates) preserved at 3 degrees C and 46 degrees C in yolk citrate diluent containing DDT poluted egg yolk did not differ from those preserved in control diluter. PMID- 1237133 TI - The medical hazards of horse-riding. PMID- 1237134 TI - The stinging weever fishes. PMID- 1237135 TI - [From the mistreated child to the "battered child syndrome". About the so-called "actuality" of an old problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237136 TI - Response of the microvasculature in experimental mammary tumors in C3H mice to selected vasoactive drugs. PMID- 1237137 TI - Amantadine and apomorphine: interactions on striatal dopamine receptors. PMID- 1237138 TI - Cardiovascular effects of promazine in the unanesthetized pregnant sheep and fetus. PMID- 1237140 TI - Stereotypy following acute administration of l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) in the rat. PMID- 1237139 TI - Brain concentration of methadone after administration of 14C labelled dl methadone to pregnant rats by different routes. PMID- 1237141 TI - Nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic activity and axonal protein transport during morphinization and withdrawal in rats. PMID- 1237142 TI - Sensitization of mice to naloxone induced jumping after a single narcotic injection: effect of prior physical dependence. PMID- 1237143 TI - Modification of apomorphine induced stereotypies in rates by aversive conditioning. PMID- 1237144 TI - [Detection and quantitative determination of thiocarlide in medicinal preparations]. PMID- 1237145 TI - Extraction of pharmacologically active constituents of the roots of Phytolacca dodecandra. PMID- 1237146 TI - MMPI correlates of menstrual distress. AB - The MMPI and Moos' Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) were administered to 60 undergraduate women. Partial correlations between MMPI clinical scales and menstrual and premenstrual MDQ symptom scales were computed with intermenstrual (baseline) symptom reports and response set (Gough's F-K index) statistically controlled MMPI variables tended to correlate with some symptom scales (premenstrual pain, negative affect; menstrual behavior change) but not with others (water retention, arousal). Where correlations did occur, common MMPI scales (Sc, Hs, Hy, Pt) were involved. Results suggest that psychological factors are more closely associated with some areas of menstrual symptomatoloty than with others. PMID- 1237147 TI - Force breeding, social disorder and mammary tumor formation in CBA/USC mouse colonies: a pilot study. AB - If the newborn of a socially organized CBA/USC mouse colony are regularly removed (force breeding), the social order breaks dowm. There is fighting among the males and the young are lost due to neglect and injury by the females (cronism). A high incidence of mammary tumor formation is observed during the disorder of such formerly socialized groups. In the pilot study being reported, force breeding initiated at the sixth month of colony life eventually at the ninth month led to fighting and the loss of young by cronism. All 12 female colony members developed tumors during the subsequent 5 months. Meanwhile, tumors developed in only 8% of the same age Study Siblings and in 46% of Study Breeders maintained under rapid breeding conditions. Force breeding is a knowm moderately effective tumorigenic technique. Since tumors did not occur in the population cage until its social system broke down, this suggests that the combination of force breeding and social disorder-induced neuroendocrine changes is peculiarly favorable to tumor development. PMID- 1237148 TI - The action of ionizing radiation on DNA in the presence of quinacrine. II. DNA strand breakage. AB - Strand breakage of DNA irradiated in solution and in the dry state in the presence of quinacrine was investigated by sedimentation analysis. Determination of single strand breaks in solution combined with binding studies permits to conclude that bound quinacrine protects DNA more effectively than the free compound. In the dry state quinacrine is without detectable effect on both single and double strand break formation, neither under aerobic nor anaerobic conditions. PMID- 1237149 TI - DNA-synthesis in synchronized L-cells after irradiation during the G1-phase of the cell cycle. AB - Mouse fibroblast L-929 cells synchonized by mitotic selection were irradiated during the G1-phase of the cell cycle with a dose of 1000 rad. The rat of DNA synthesis was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, and the progression of the cells through the cell cycle was determined using a pulse-cytophotometer. Irradiation caused a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis to half the control value, and an extension of the S-phase to twice its normal duration. PMID- 1237150 TI - The action of ionizing radiation on DNA in the presence of quinacrine. I. UV absorption and fluorescence measurements. AB - It is shown by UV absorption and absolute fluorescence spectroscopy of solutions containing both DNA and quinacrine that the components experience mutual radio protection due to scavenging of water radicals. From measurements at different ionic strengths it is inferred that quinacrine bound to DNA is more efficiently protected than the free compound. Furthermore, release of bound quinacrine from DNA is observed at higher doses. PMID- 1237151 TI - Changes in DNA secondary structure after gamma-irradiation. AB - Native calf thymus DNA was gamma-irradiated at 500 mug/ml in 0.01 M NaCl in the presence or absence of oxygen. By irradiation, an increasing amount of DNA becomes reactive with a water-soluble carbodiimide-derivative (CMEC). In the DNA sections reactive with CMEC the nucleotide strands are separated, a phenomenon previously described as radiation-induced denaturation. The dose-effect curve for the formation of denatured DNA shows an upward-bent form; a distinct oxygen effect of about 2 is observed. By a comparative study with DNA samples, degraded partially with DNAse I, it was shown that a minor part of the radiation-induced denaturation results from the formation of the radiation-induced single strand breaks, whereas the major part is a local denaturation independent of the strand breaks. In these locally denatured regions 20 to 50 nucleotide pairs are separated. PMID- 1237152 TI - [Structure specific to the 5'-terminal of mRNA]. PMID- 1237153 TI - [Maintenance and preservation of cultured tissue strains in Japan]. PMID- 1237154 TI - Induction of abnormal male gametes and androgenesis in the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces. PMID- 1237155 TI - [Paths of dissemination of Taenia saginata in a rural environment]. PMID- 1237156 TI - [Biological value of manihot flour enriched with fish flour and soybean isolated protein, and casein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237157 TI - The estrous cycle in the lethal spotting mice. PMID- 1237158 TI - [Clinical significance of hypouricemia in 14,865 determination in the autoanalizer]. PMID- 1237159 TI - [Current etiopathogenic view of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Study of 3 brothers with this disease]. PMID- 1237161 TI - [Oxygen inhalation therapy in obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 1237160 TI - Methodone interaction with apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced turning. PMID- 1237162 TI - [Programs for respiratory function tests]. PMID- 1237163 TI - [Programs of respiratory function tests for population studies related to air pollution (author's transl]. PMID- 1237164 TI - [A systematized method of diagnosis in mild chronic obstructive lung disease with particular attention to the early detection of small airway disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237165 TI - [Variability of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 1237166 TI - [Computerized system for clinical pulmonary function test (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237167 TI - [The measurement of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in mongrel dogs by argon desaturation technique using medical mass spectrometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237168 TI - [Experimental studies on the adequate trigger mechanism in assisted circulatory device: special reference on the relation to circulatory time intervals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237169 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct. (V) Relationship between III and IV sounds and hemodynamics]. PMID- 1237170 TI - [Short PQ, narrow QRS, and short HV interval (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237171 TI - [New interpretaiton of arrhythmia. (3) Mobitz type II]. PMID- 1237172 TI - [Origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta associated with patent left ductus arteriosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237173 TI - [Therapeutic usefulness of bromoergocriptine (CB-154 Sandoz) in patients with galactorrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237174 TI - [Congenital deafness caused by rubella embryopathy]. PMID- 1237175 TI - An outbreak of ornithosis. AB - An outbreak of ornithosis occurred in Lidkoping, a small town in Southwest Sweden, in January 1967 through May 1969. 24 proved cases were known, aged from 10 to 72 years, 19 patients gave a history of contact with birds (parrots, canaries, parakeets), 13 of them with birds from the same pet shop. Five patients had visited the pet shop only once before their illness. Attempts to prove infection with ornithosis agent in 7 birds from the pet shop were unsuccessful. Three patients, 2 of them in the same household, had no contact with birds and infection from person to person was strongly suspected. All patients had pneumonia. Fever, cough and headache were predominant clinical symptoms. There were relapses in 4 patients and 2 patients had symptoms of encephalitis. No deaths occurred. PMID- 1237177 TI - Changes in intracranial pressure and brain hydration during acute ethanolism. AB - Intracranial hypertension and brain hydration were scrutinized during acute ethanolism for consideration in the combined head injury setting. Intraventricular pressures and whole brain water levels rose with moderate or high ethanol dosages. The most prominent alterations were associated with respiratory acidosis and hypoxia; less marked changes were found in their absence and point to a second mechanism. Elevated central venous pressures appeared as well in some instances to constitute a third action. It is accordingly suggested that ethanol may add significantly to the combined pathology with associated acute head injury in several ways. These include: contributions to edema formation, to respiratory depression, and to alterations in local hemodyamics. PMID- 1237176 TI - Neutralizing antibodies after rubella vaccination of newly delivered women: a comparison between three vaccines. AB - Neutralizing (NT) antibody titres against rubella were determined in sera of 114 newly delivered women vaccinated with the Cendehill strain (Cendevax), the HPV-77 DE-5 strain (Meruvax) or the RA27/3 strain (Almevax). Blood samples were obtained before and 8 weeks as well as 2 years after the vaccination. Eight weeks after the vaccination NT antibodies were found in 56, 79 and 95% and after 2 years in 82, 94 and 100%, respectively. The differences between Cendevax and Almevax were statistically significant. Eight weeks postvaccination the median NT antibody titres were found to be 2, 4 and 4, respectively, while after 2 years the titres had further increased with one titration step. Levels of NT antibodies were observed to increase also after 8 weeks, i.e. during the period 8 weeks to 2 years postvaccination. PMID- 1237178 TI - A pairing process. PMID- 1237179 TI - [Vitamin E and selenium in the feed of farm animals (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is given of vitamin E and selenium deficiency syndromes in farm animals. Some syndromes can be attributed to the exclusive deficiency of one of the above mentioned feed components. In some cases with practically complete lack of both componentspathological symptoms can be cured by the addition of one of them to the feed in sufficient amount. A synergistic effect of vitamin E and selenium is sometimes found to recur. The most important theory about the functioning of vitamin E is that it acts as an antioxidant. This theory presumes that, in case of a vitamin E deficiency, peroxidation of unsaturated lipids can occur everywhere in the body leading to oxidative chain reactions. The free radicals thus produced might participate in non-specific reactions with functional and structural compounds. Vitamin E is considered able to reduce lipid peroxides or scavenge free radicals from chain reactions. The pros' and cons' of this theory are discussed. The role of vitamin E has further been associated with thenium is part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. This enzyme catalyses the reaction of reduced glutathione with peroxides, whereby hydroxy-acids and oxidized glutathione are generated. Most probably the glutathione peroxidase has its antioxidative action in the cytosol, whereas vitamin E is mainly located in the membranes of the cell. PMID- 1237180 TI - [Animal protein, meat and nutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237181 TI - The influence of oestradiol benzoate and progesterone on the secretory activity of the epithelium of the ampulla tubae in ovariectomized ewes: a light microscopical study. AB - The influence of oestradiol benzoate and progesterone on the morphological and secretory characteristics of the epithelium of the ampulla tubae was studied in ovariectomized ewes. In untreated ovariectomized animals the epithelial height is minimal, the nuclei of the secretory cells are located in the most apical part of the cells i.e. in the cytoplasmic protrusions, and secretum (PAS positive material) is not present. The only change after progesterone treatment is a slight increase in epithelial height. After treatment with oestradiol benzoate, the epithelium reacts with an increase in height and with a withdrawal of the nuclei of the secretory cells towards the basal region of the cell. Two or three days after the treatment, the amount of secretum is comparable to that during D2 or D3 of the normal oestrous cycle. It is concluded that the rise in oestrogen levels on the day prior to the onset of oestrus in a normal oestrous cycle is responsible for stimulating the biosynthetic apparatus of the secretory cell, resulting in a maximal storage of secretum two or three days after heat. Progesterone does not seem to play an important role in the release of the stored secretum; 10 days after a 3 days oestrogen treatment, the amount appears to be similar to that in animals receiving progesterone after application of oestrogen. It is suggested that release takes place as a logic consequence of synthesis without a specific trigger. The results after a combined administration of the two steroids indicate that progesterone interferes with the action of oestradiol benzoate. The apical position of the nuclei of the secretory cells during the luteal phase of the cycle must be attributed to a diminishing oestrogenic influence rather than to an active intervention of progesterone. PMID- 1237184 TI - [A case of perforation of the uterus with the Dalkon Shield]. PMID- 1237182 TI - Drug displacement of warfarin from human serum albumin: a fluorometric analysis. PMID- 1237183 TI - Effect of mebendazole and levamisole on Onchocerca volvulus and Dipetalonema perstans. PMID- 1237185 TI - Point of view: prostatoanal syndrome. PMID- 1237186 TI - Characteristics of immune complexes in connective tissue diseases. PMID- 1237187 TI - The effect of ewe proximity on testis size in developing rams. PMID- 1237188 TI - Correspondence: Copper deficiency and infertility. PMID- 1237189 TI - [Quantitative changes in the uterine microflora during the puerperal period and conception in cows]. AB - A total of 32 cows equal in terms of breed, annual milk productivity, feeding and tending regime were examined to determine the clearance of the uterine microflora during the puerperal period and establish the correlation between the conception rate and the bacterial clearance. The studies were carried out on the day of calving and on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th day after that. It was found that in cows manifesting certain troubles during the puerperal period the bacterial count in the uterine discharges was 75.3% higher as early as the very first day following calving, and regardless of the drop after the ninth day, by the fifteenth day it was 64 per cent higher than in animals showing normal puerperium. In 40.8 per cent of the cows the discharge afterbirth on the day of calving showed no microorganisms. The rise of the microbial count was noted after the first day. It reached its maximum values by the 9 - 10th day after calving, after which it showed a dropping trend. The conception rate of cows with a normal puerperium at first service was 58.1 percent. PMID- 1237190 TI - [Significance of the bilirubin-binding properties of blood proteins for the prognosis of hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 1237191 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis in newborns (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1237192 TI - [Value of luminescent colpocytology in the diagnosis of post-term pregnancy and determination of the state of the intrauterine fetus]. PMID- 1237193 TI - [Morpho-histochemical changes in the placenta in hypotension of pregnancy]. PMID- 1237194 TI - [Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]. PMID- 1237195 TI - [Still fear of health damage in Nordenham]. PMID- 1237196 TI - [Treatment of diseases of the mouth mucosa with Gingivitol]. PMID- 1237197 TI - [Vaginal cytology at the end of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - What information is permitted by cytodiagnosis was tested with reference to 2182 vaginal smear examinations in 882 pregnant women at the end of pregnancy. There is no cytological smear type from which the degree of fetal maturity can be determined beforehand with satisfactory certainty; in practice, one must work with diagnosis by exclusion, which, however, can be of great help: If a "before term" smear type is found, a genuine post-term birth can be excluded on the basis of the cytological examination alone with high degree of probability (98.3%). With an "at term" type of smear the birth of an immature child is nor very probable (1.7%); but an over-maturity may already exist (6.9%). A genuine post term infant can only be expected in barely half of the cases (45.7%) with a "post term" cell picture. A satisfactory assessment of the probable date of birth is only possible with the "at term" type of smear: in the great majority of cases (80.8%) a birth within 5 days can be counted on with this type of smear. The possibilities of "term cytology" in "programmed births" are referred to. PMID- 1237198 TI - [Discussion remark to the paper by J. Steinhauser: "Additional observations of ball-shaped ankle joints in congenital synostoses of tarsal bones", Z. Orthop. 112 (1974) 433]. PMID- 1237199 TI - [The capability of diagnostic tests in TTP with special reference to plethysmography]. PMID- 1237200 TI - [Basic theoretical and clinical aspects of the problem of open diaphyseal and intra-articular fractures of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 1237201 TI - The levels of heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg) in fish from onshore and offshore waters of the German bight. AB - With the intention of increasing our knowledge about the actual degree of heavy metal accumulation in fish, the contents of the elements manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury in certain fish species (cod and plaice) from onshore and offshore waters of the German Bight have been determined. The measurements have been performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Flame AAS was used as investigating procedure for the determination of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. A non-flame atomization system with a heated graphite tube was used for the determination of Cd, Pb, Co, and Ni. The concentration of total Hg was estimated according to the so-called "cold vapour atomic absorption method". In order to avoid errors in interpretation of measured values of Co and Ni, which occured as a result of matrix effects, a special technique has been developed. This based upon an selective separation and enrichment by chelate exchanger chromatography ("Chelex 100"). The analytical data obtained are plotted in a diagram with log.-log. scale. The content is shown on the x-axis, and the corresponding relative reproducibility (variation coefficient) of the method used is shown on the y-axis. For all elements investigated certain levels have been found out. From an examination of the results it appeared that there were comparatively small differences in the prevailing concentrations of transition metals Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn between samples of the same species from different areas. Likewise, the levels estimated for plaice did not differ from those estimated for cod. There is some evidence of elevated levels of Cd, Pb, and Hg in plaice from areas along the coastline. PMID- 1237202 TI - [Lead-contents in mushrooms (author's transl)]. AB - The lead-contents of canned and fresh mushrooms were analyzed by photometric determination after dry ashing and dithizone extraction. The average lead-content was found to be 0.49 ppm with extreme values of 0.10--1.0 ppm on fresh-weight basis resp. 5.5 ppm (2.0--13.5 ppm) on dry-weight basis. It appears that lead content increases with the size (age) of the mushrooms; the influence of canning upon the lead content is not yet finally clear, it seems, however, as if canning process has a lesser influence on the lead content than the size (age) of mushrooms. PMID- 1237203 TI - Changes in a population of dikdik, Madoqua (Rhynchotragus) kirki (Gunther 1880). AB - In 1968/69 a small local population (deme)--11 to 17 animals on 42 ha--of Kirk's Dikdik was studied in the Serengeti area, East Africa. All animals were known individually and all territorial boundaries mapped. The population was revisited in 1972 and all animals and boundaries were recorded anew. 6 animals of 1968 were still present in 1972, 6 had disappeared and 4 were new. 2 territories were still the same, 1 had been divided up between 2 neighbouring ones, 1 had gained 1 ha. In the following summary of the results the generally formulated statements like "Dikdik do" always are short and stand for the specific statements like "the observed Kirk's Dikdik of the Soit ol Modison deme did". 1. Dikdik live in pairs in territories.--2. The young are expelled from the parental territory at the age of 6 to 9 months.--3. They then are able--nearly fully grown, but the horns of the male male only half of their final size--to establish their own pairbond and territory.--4. The female can produce her first young at the age of 15 to 18 months and is reproductive up to at least 6 years.--5. While the reproductive potential is 2/female/year (gestation period 25 weeks), the realized rate of raised animals in 1968/69 was 1/female/year.--6. Average population age lies around 5 years.--7. Maximum physiological age is 10 or more years.--8. The pair bond is independent of the territorial bond and lasts for life.--9. The territorial bond is independent of the pairbond but does not last for life.--10. Strategical lines of the territorial boundaries are marked by dung areas. The families of both territories each use their own places on these areas. The whole family urinates and defaecates together (one after the other) in a ritualized way.--11. The territorial boundaries can shift. The number of dungplaces along a disputed and/or shifting boundary is higher than along an undisputed stable one.- 12. Only the male defends the territory and chases off the grown up male young.- 13. The female who does not defend the territory is nevertheless bound to it directly, not only by her bond to the male.--14. The most important open question with respect to the social organization is: How is the grown up female young induced to leave the territory? Can there be circumstances when she can stay? PMID- 1237204 TI - Displays of the honeyeater Manorina melanocephala. AB - Investigated displays of Noisy Miners, Manorina melanocephala, in Australia. This unusual bird lives in colonies and many male male care for the offspring of each female. 3 flight displays, 11 non-flight displays, and several components of facial displays (including a variable eye patch) are discribed. The eye patch provides a large yellow and black augmented eye, important in intimidation. No stereotyped sequence of courtship behaviour precedes copulation. Displays are used to advertise nest locations. A greeting display, the corroboree, is extremely common. The possibility of the evolution of submissive display from threat is discussed. Special vocalisations of male male and female female are used in a duet. The maintenance of bonds among many individuals in a colony may be more important than strong pair bonds. Group cohesion is probably maintained by flight display, nest display, mobbing, and other communal activities. High interspecific aggression results in few resident species in colonies. This level of interspecific aggression might be maintained by incorporating much intraspecific mimetic display and ritualised submissive behaviour. PMID- 1237205 TI - The growth cycle of influenza as studied in touch preparations of the allantoic layer of chick embryos. 1. The number of cells lining the allantoic cavity. PMID- 1237206 TI - [Multiplication of coxiella burneti in different tissues and organs of embryonated eggs (author's transl)]. AB - Multiplication and content of Coxiella burneti after infection of the yolk sac were studied in different tissues and organs of embryonated hen's eggs (yolk sac, CAM, allantoamnion, amniotic fluid, liver, muscles, spleen, and heart). Demonstration of the agent was performed from the 6th to the 11th day p.i. by direct microscopic methods (Stamp and auramine staining, fluorescent antibody technique); the Coxiella content was determined by titration in embryonated hen's eggs. Coxiellae could be demonstrated, apart from the yolk sac membrane, also in the intestine and CAM from the 7th day p.i., and in the other organs examined from the 11th day p.i. by means of microscopy. For the same period, embryonic death rates (ELD50) and egg infectivity (EID50) were determined separately. The highest numbers of Coxiella were consistently found in the yolk sac membrane (ELD50 10(4.0)-10(5.2); EID50 10(6.0)-10(7.8)). In the intestine, CAM, allantoamnion, and amniotic fluid, ELD50 values were between 10(2.0) and 10(2.8), EDI50 values between 10(4.8) and 10(5.2), on the 11th day p.i.. Titres were lower for muscles, liver, spleen, and heart of infected embryos. PMID- 1237207 TI - [Serological examinations with apathogenic clostridia (M 55) (author's transl)]. AB - Spores of the apathogenic clostridium butyricum (M 55) germinate after intravenous application in mammalians in tumor tissue only. On the basis of these earlier findings a diagnostic and prognostic procedure, used so far, namely the agglutinationtest with vegatative forms of this clostridium was improved by creation of a hemagglutination reaction. With different methods some different hemagglutinins have been isolated. Their efficacy was tested against specific antibodies in rabbits and mice. The higher sensitivity of these procedures was demonstrated. PMID- 1237208 TI - [Bacteriological investigations and animal experiments with Mycobacterium ulcerans (Tubingen 1971) (author's transl)]. AB - In 1972 we reported the first isolation of M. ulcerans in Germany and in 1973 we reviewed the epidemiology, clinical features and therapy of Buruli ulcer (6, 7). Initial isolation was done from swabs of the edge of the ulcer on Loewenstein Jensen medium at 30-33 degrees C. Subcultures showed poor growth at 37 degrees C, and none at 22 degrees C or 42 degrees C or on Loewenstein-Jensen medium without glycerine. No acylamidase or lipolytic activity was detectable and the organisms were catalase positive, triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction positive, nitrate reduction negative and nicotinic acid production positive (Table 2). Possibly our strain is a nicotinic acid positive variant, as is the strain described by RUNYON et al. (16). (The bacteriological characteristics are summarized in Table 2). Our strain was sensitive to dihydrostreptomycin, cycloserine, viomycin, rifampicin and a riminophenacin derivate (Lampren), but was resistent to isoniazid, para aminosalicyclic acid, ethionamid and ethambutol (Table 3). White mice and rats but no guinea pigs are susceptible to infection with M. ulcerans. Injection into the foot pad is preferable to intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection (Table 4). After such an injection of material from our patient, signs of disease appeared in the following order: 1. foot pad swelling; 2. redness and oedema of the whole leg; 3. ulceration of the dorsum of foot (fig. 1) with fluctuant, gross oedema of the subcutaneous tissue and loss of hair; 4. atrophy and contraction of the infected extremity with the development of further ulceration on the abdomen and tail. In the two months following an injection of a standard suspension of M. ulcerans the animals developed such gross oedema of the subcutaneous tissues of the abdomen that its progression could be followed by regular weighing (fig. 2). By the end of the two months, the total body weight was double that of control uninfected animals. PMID- 1237209 TI - Effect of some autonomic drugs on heat defence in the pigeon. AB - As compared to the time of median control death (i.e. the time inducing 50% death in untreated birds at 50 degrees C), exogenous noradrenaline afforded 100% survival in the blue rock pigeon, Columba livia. The survival percentages with the other autonomic drugs were: chlorpromazine 70%; reserpine 60%; adrenaline 60%; pentolinium 50% and dihydroergotamine 30%. The time of median control death at 50 degrees C was found to be 3.5 hours in the pigeon. During 10-day exposure at 45 degrees C all the birds pre-treated with noradrenaline survived, and 47% of those treated with adrenaline and 42% of the untreated birds survived the stress. It is concluded that noradrenaline acts definitely as a "heat protective" hormone in the pigeon. PMID- 1237210 TI - Autoradiographic analysis of utilization of U14C glucose in the synthesis of nucleoproteids of cortical neurons in rats with different ontogeny during the anticipation stress. PMID- 1237211 TI - [Electron microscopic study of lymphatic capillaries in hepatic lobular connective tissue]. PMID- 1237212 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary valve anomaly]. PMID- 1237213 TI - [Anomalous case of the right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1237214 TI - [Testicular and ovarian blood vessels]. PMID- 1237215 TI - Determination of measles virus-specific nucleocapsid antibodies by means of counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - A counterimmunoelectrophoretic method for quantitative determination of antibodies against measles virus nucleocapsid is described. Unfractionated material from measles virus infected cell cultures was used as antigen, diluted to give only a nucleocapsid-specific precipitate. Purified nucleocapsid and a rabbit hyperimmune serum against this antigen was used to establish the specificity of the test. The measles virus specific antibody titres determined by the method were comparable to those found in nucleocapsid complement fixation tests. It is concluded that the technique described offers a simple and sensitive method to determine nucleocapsid specific antibodies. PMID- 1237216 TI - Immunochemistry of a cell wall polysaccharide isolated from Eubacterium saburreum, strain L49. AB - A polymer isolated from E. saburreum strain L49 contained O-acetylated glycero galacto-heptose as the main constituent, and in addition an unknown aldose. The polymer was located at the outer part of the bacterial cell wall. The polymer reacted with antiserum to L49 microorganisms by precipitation and complement fixation. Two antigenic specificities were detected, one of which was destroyed by de-acetylation. The rabbit antibodies to both specificities were low-molecular weight antibodies. PMID- 1237217 TI - Influence of polyenephosphatidylcholine on the electrocardiogram in chronic experimental alcoholism. PMID- 1237218 TI - Diurnal variation in endogenous production of carbon monoxide. Effect of caloric restriction. AB - The endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) and total serum bilirubin (SB) have been followed in five healthy male volunteers during one baseline day and one day with no caloric intake. VCO in the morning studies was 11.2+/-1.7 (mean +/-1 S.E.M.) on the baseline day and 10.1+/-2.3 mumol/mmol total body heme (TBH) and day on the fasting day, respectively. In studies before noon, VCO increased significantly on both days, to values of 17.8+/-1.6 and 19.6+/-2.2 mumol/mmol TBH and day, respectively. In the first study in the afternoon, VCO differed significantly between the two days, amounting to 12.1+/-3.0 and 23.7+/-3.5 on the baseline and the fasting day, respectively. The difference was still significant in the evening, when VCO was 11.6+/-3.1 and 22.1+/-4.9 mumol/mmol TBH and day. SB followed the same pattern, with mean values of 4.0+/-0.3, 4.9+/-0.3, 4.2+/-0.9 and 3.0+/-0.3 mug/ml during the baseline day and 4.5+/-0.6, 5.4+/-1.2, 7.0+/-0.5 and 8.5+/-1.0 mug/ml, respectively, during fasting day. Only insignificant amounts of conjugated bilirubin were found. The studies confirm earlier reports on the effect of caloric restriction on VCO. Since this effect is simultaneous with an increase in SB, it is concluded that the changes are secondary to an increase in total heme catabolism. They might be due to an increase in intracellular hepatic heme turnover but it cannot be excluded that starvation affects erythropoiesis and/or red cell catabolism, thereby causing an increase in VCO and SB. PMID- 1237219 TI - General depressant drug dependency : a biophysical hypothesis. PMID- 1237220 TI - The effects of ethanol on tryptophan pyrrolase activity and their comparison with those of phenobarbitone and morphine. PMID- 1237221 TI - Alteration of ethanol preference in rats; effects of beta-carbolines. PMID- 1237222 TI - Alcohol withdrawal convulsions in genetically different populations of mice. AB - Individual Swiss-Webster mice differed in the intensity of their withdrawal reactions after a standard regimen of alcohol administration, and offspring resembled their parents in this respect. Inbred strains of mice also differed in the severity of their alcohol withdrawal reactions. C57BL mice showed almost no convulsions on handling. These results indicate that a genetic factor participates in determining the severity of alcohol withdrawal seizures in mice. The sensitivity to excitant actions of reserpine paralleled the sensitivity to alcohol withdrawal reactions in three strains of mice but not among individual mice of a genetically heterogeneous stock. The strain correlation between these traits was therefore fortuitous and does not demonstrate a common biochemical lesion in alcohol-withdrawn and reserpine-treated mice. PMID- 1237223 TI - A behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of ethanol dependence in the rat. PMID- 1237224 TI - Ethanol consumption subsequent to physical dependence. PMID- 1237225 TI - Alcoholic liver injury: experimental models in rats and baboons. AB - A model has been developed for the administration to rats and baboons of ethanol as part of a nutritionally adequate liquid diet. With this regimen, ethanol intake was much higher than with conventional procedures. All animals gained or maintained their body weight, and liver morphology was normal in the controls. Isocaloric substitution of carbohydrate by ethanol (36% of total calories in rats and 50% in baboons) resulted in the production of fatty liver in all animals, while the baboons also developed alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis with increased activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Inebriation and manifestation of dependence upon withdrawal of the diet were observed in baboons and quantitated in the rat. Chemical alterations produced by ethanol at the fatty liver stage were characterized by hyperlipemia, striking triglyceride accumulation in the liver and enhanced activities of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes, including the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS). Ultrastructural changes of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were already present at the fatty liver stage and persisted throughout the hepatitis and cirrhosis. The lesions were similar to those observed in alcoholics (including the inflammation and the central sclerosis), and differed strikingly from the alterations produced by other models of liver injury. In showing that all aspects of liver injury observed in alcoholics can be reproduced in animals by the feeding of pure ethanol with an adequate diet, this study incriminates ethanol itself as a cause for the hepatic complications. This new experimental model is proposed as a tool for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of alcoholic liver injury and dependence. PMID- 1237226 TI - Biosynthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in brain and other tissues of ethanol-intoxicated rats. PMID- 1237227 TI - The effects of acute ethanol intoxication on cerebral energy metabolism. PMID- 1237229 TI - A study of outbreaks of Aujeszky's disease in cattle. I. Virological and epidemiological findings. PMID- 1237230 TI - A study of outbreaks of Aujeszky's disease in cattle. II. Further investigations on the routes of infection. PMID- 1237231 TI - A study of outbreaks of Aujeszky's disease in cattle. III. Selected outbreaks of a special interest regarding epidemiology. PMID- 1237228 TI - Cell models in the study of mechanisms of toxicity. AB - Cell models, particularly in vitro systems, allow studies of toxicological mechanisms to be made under controlled conditions. One way that such mechanisms can be studied is by determining the reproducible changes that toxins induce, at the electron microscopic level, in the structure of cultured cells. A detailed description of such a study is given and includes preparation of the cell model, treatment of the cells, assessment of toxin-induced changes, and some general conclusions derived from experiments with this cell model. Other models which have been used for toxicological studies are also discussed with reference to advantages, limitations and potential applications. PMID- 1237232 TI - Ova transfer in Danish blue white cattle. PMID- 1237233 TI - The SPS and digitonin tests applied to porcine mycoplasmas. PMID- 1237235 TI - ASMT position paper on professional standards review of clinical laboratory services. PMID- 1237236 TI - Lens changes in a galactosemic fetus. AB - The first child of a Spanish-American couple died presumbably from galactosemia. Early in the mother's fourth pregnancy, the parents' red blood cell levels of galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase were measured and both parents were found to be heterozygous (carriers) for transferase deficiency. A prenatal diagnosis of galactosemia in the fetus was made with the aid of amniocentesis and tissue culture. Abortion was induced when the fetus was 5 months old. Biochemical studies of lung and liver tissues confirmed the diagnosis of galactosemia. Cataractous changes were found by electron microscopy in both fetal eyes. Lens epithelial cells showed degenerative changes and a tendency to proliferate into two cell layers. Edema, liquefaction, and a variation in density characterized the lens cells. PMID- 1237234 TI - Plasma lipid changes in young adult couples consuming polyunsaturated meats and dairy products. AB - Twenty-five young couples consumed either a saturated or polyunsaturated fat diet for a 20-week period. The polyunsaturated beef, lamb and dairy products, high in linoleic acid, were produced by feeding ruminant animals "protected lipid" feeds which prevent hydrogenation of fats in the rumen. The experimental design provided for four dietary groups: A) saturated diet for 20 weeks; B) polyunsaturated diet for 20 weeks; C) saturated diet for 10 weeks then polyunsaturated diet for 10 weeks; and D) polyunsaturated for 10 weeks then saturated diet for 10 weeks. Polyunsaturated-to-saturated ratios (linoleic: total saturated fatty acids) for the diets were: prestudy, 0.43-0.56; saturated 0.11 0.14; polyunsaturated, 0.56-0.62. Factors other than diet that appeared to affect cholesterol responses were carefully considered. During the initial 3 weeks (regimentation period) plasma cholesterol concentration decreased in all groups irrespective of diet. This was followed by two experimental periods in which the effects of the prescribed diets were readily apparent (response periods I and II). The final 4 weeks of the study were characterized by diminishing compliance with the dietary discipline (abatement period). Subjects in each group (A,B,C,D) were subdivided into high and low on a basis of each group's initial median cholesterol level. Those in the high subgroups were very responsive to dietary changes whereas those in the low subgroups were not. Combined responses of high subjects were: polyunsaturated diet, -10.7 mg/dl (P less than 0.025), saturated diet, d8 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). Combined difference between saturated and polyunsaturated diets was 18.5 mg/dl or approximately a 10% cholesterol difference between the experimental polyunsaturated and saturated diets. PMID- 1237237 TI - PSRO and quality assurance: what is the occupational therapist's role? AB - This article highlights the characteristics of the PSRO review process, looks briefly at the variety of patient care evaluation procedures and enumerates the ways in which occupational therapists can participate. There are two major steps the occupational therapists can take. The first is done on an individual or staff level. The second, involving a series of ongoing contacts, needs to be organized through a state or local occupational therapy association. Individual participation starts in your own service area with chart audit of the quality of occupational therapy care. The audit is based on criteria developed or adapted in the occupational therapy department. There are now many ways to gain the skills necessary for such a project. They are listed in the article. Occupational therapists can have input into the PSRO program through a PSRO committee of their state or local occupational therapy association. Selected representatives of the occupational therapy affiliates should contact all PSROs in their state. The area in which occupational therapists can interact with the PSRO are described. PMID- 1237238 TI - Contamination of soil in two city parks with canine nematode ova including Toxocara canis: a preliminary study. PMID- 1237239 TI - [Macroscopic studies of cranial parasympathetic relations in the sheep]. PMID- 1237240 TI - The development of the circulating blood volume of the chick embryo. AB - The circulating blood volume of the chick embryo was determined from the 4th up to the 18th day of hatching. In contrast to former studies, there was employed a radioisotope dilution method with albumin-bound I131. The findings are in close correspondence to those of the earlier studies. The blood volume does not display an entirely perfect curve of exponential growth, i.e., the doubling time increases steadily. The blood volume attains a peak value between the 16th and 18th day and decreases somewhat toward the end of the hatching period. There has been postulated a reduction of total red cell volume and hemoglobin caused by the involution of the extraembryonic circulatory system. The destruction of the erythrocytes seems to take place in the endodermal epithelium of the proximal yolk sac, where an accumulation of iron could be demonstrated on the 19th and 20th days. PMID- 1237241 TI - Postnatal observations on the diurnal rhythm and the light-responsiveness in the pineal glycogen content in mice. AB - In mice of both sexes ranging in age from five days to two years, the development and time course of diurnal rhythm and light-related variations in pineal glycogen were systematically studied by a semiquantitative histochemical method. When the animals were maintained under the usual diurnal lighting conditions (12L:12D), the diurnal rhythm and light-related changes in pineal glycogen appeared first at 22 days of age and persisted until two years. The glycogenic response was most prominent between 60 and 150 days, and declined slightly in mice older than one year. The glycogenic response and cell size tended to differ in the distal, middle and proximal portions of the body of the pineal. These regional differences change with the ages of the animals. When mice were kept in continuous darkness for seven days starting from 15, 23 or 60 days of age, the pineal showed a diurnal rhythm in pineal glycogen. When mice were kept in altered light regimens such as continuous darkness, continuous lighting or 6L:6D from birth up to 30 days, no diurnal variation in pineal glycogen developed. PMID- 1237242 TI - Evaluation in the continuum of medical education-the GAP report revisited. Thirteenth annual Baxter-Travenol lecture. AB - In 1971, the National Board of Medical Examiners appointed a Committee on Goals and Priorities, with a charge to provide advice, counsel, and recommendations relative to the Board's future directions. The report of the Committee, "Evaluation in the Continuum of Medical Education", was published as a monograph in 1973. It addressed itself to issues of evaluation, certification, licensure, and accreditation throughout the entire spectrum of medical education undergraduate, graduate, and continuing. This paper, by the chairman of the Committee which authored the report, provides a review of: (a) the trends in medical eduction which formed the basis of the remmendations, (b) the recommendations themselves, (c) reactions to the report subsequent to its publication, and (d) actions taken by various groups relating to issues discussed in the report. It concludes with a discussion of anticipated changes in graduate medical education raises questions of the implications of these changes to the specialty of Aenesthesiology. PMID- 1237243 TI - Stellate ganglion block. AB - A modified low-dose paratracheal approach to stellate ganglion block at the C6 level prevents the possible complications of subarachnoid introduction of large quantities of local anesthetic, brachial plexus block, and toxic reaction to local anesthetics. It is a technically simple procedure with readily identifiable landmarks and can be performed on an outpatient basis with short recovery periods. Successful block can be readily evaluated. It is emphasized that a series of blocks is required to "disorganize" the reflex activity triggered in the internuncial pools of the spinal cord as well as in the sympathetic ganglia themselves. PMID- 1237244 TI - Propranolol and cardiac surgery: a problem for the anesthesiologist? AB - Propranolol therapy has been implicated as a cause of myocardial depression and increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. The authors reviewed 169 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery, of whom 143 had been taking propranolol, with regard to preoperative administration of propranolol and intraoperative or postoperative complications. Patients taking propranolol until 24 hours before surgery showed no increased incidence of hypotension or bradycardia before cardiopulmonary bypass. Hypotension after bypass was no more common in patients off propranolol 12 to 48 hours than in patients who either discontinued the drug over 48 hours before operation or had never taken the drug. Myocardial contractility as measured by systolic time intervals was normal 24 to 48 hours after stopping propranolol therapy. Five patients had preoperative myocardial infarctions within 48 hours of discontinuing the drug. The operative mortality rate was 4 percent in patients taking propranolol within 48 hours of surgery and 6 percent in all other patients. Seven risk factors, other than propranolol, were identified in those patients requiring inotropic support. The authors conclude that propranolol can be given safely within 24 to 48 hours of coronary artery surgery provided the patient is a satisfactory candidate for myocardial revascularization. PMID- 1237246 TI - Uneven epidural analgesia-early diagnosis and correction: case reports. AB - Lateral displacement of the epidural catheter can cause uneven epidural analgesia. Early determination can be made by pulse-wave monitoring of sympathetic blockade of the lower extremities and by x-ray determination of the placement of the catheter tip. Withdrawal of the catheter tip to near the midline may correct uneven epidural analgesia. PMID- 1237245 TI - The effects of ketamine on cardiovascular dynamics during halothane and enflurane anesthesia. AB - The cardiovascular effects of a single dose of ketamine administered during halothane or enflurane anesthesia were studied in 24 patients. During halothane anesthesia, ketamine caused a rapid and significant increase in arteriolar peripheral resistance (p less than 0.01) and a decrease in cardiac output, stroke volume, and systolic diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures. Heart rate was not significantly changed. Ketamine resulted in similar, though less dramatic and slower developing, changes in patients anesthetized with enflurane. These results demonstrate that general anesthesia blocks the cardiovascular-stimulating properties of ketamine. They also indicate that ketamine has significant cardiovascular-depressant qualities when used during halothane or enflurane anesthesia. PMID- 1237247 TI - Awareness, dreams, and hallucinations associated with general anesthesia. AB - This incidence of mental aberrations (awareness, dreams, and hallucinations) in 490 adult patients undergoing a variety of surgical procedures was investigated. The total incidence of mental aberrations reported was 11 percent (awareness 1 percent, halluncinations 2 percent, dreams 8 percent). No statistically significant correlation was found between the incidence of unusual mental reactions and the anesthetic agents employed, the age or sex of the patients, or the duration or type of surgical prcedure. PMID- 1237248 TI - Management of epiglottitis in children. AB - Because of our experience, as anesthesiologists, in the treatment of upper airway obstructions, we have been asked to see children with epiglottitis. Over a 5-year period, we have treated 28 such cases. Our hope that IPPB and nebulized racemic epinephrine would quickly relieve the obstruction, as it has in laryngotracheobronchitis, did not materialize. The obstruction from the edematous aryepiglottic folds and other hypopharyngeal structures was not relieved by such treatment, and half required an artificial airway, five by tracheal intubation. However, we documented two facts: (1) that the obstructed patient with epiglottitis can be ventilated and benefited by positive pressure by mouth or machine and that this ventilatory support can be life saving, rather than worsening the obstruction as was previously thought; (2) that with heavy-dose antibiotic-steroid therapy, the severe obstruction can be expected to improve significantly 8 to 12 hours after the onset of treatment. With this observation, we have extubated our patients at this time, rather than at 24 hours or later. PMID- 1237249 TI - Thoughts about medical writing. XXXI. The letter-to-the-editor. PMID- 1237250 TI - Behavioral consequences in rats from chronic exposure to 10 PPM halothane during early development. AB - Albino rats were chronically exposed for 40 hours a week to 10 ppm halothane in air during early development (conception to day 60), adult life (day 60 to day 135), or both. An unexposed group served as a control. Rats exposed during early development made 30 percent more errors than rats unexposed during this period when tested on a shock-motivated visual-discrimination task, or a food-motivated spatial-discrimination task. However, the relative rate of learning was the same for all groups. Exposure during early development also lowered the jump and flinch thresholds to electric footshock as compared to animals not so treated. PMID- 1237251 TI - Regional analgesia following epidural blood patch. AB - During the period November 1972 through October 1974, 118 epidural blood patch procedures were performed for severe postlumbar-puncture cephalgia. Subsequently, in a period varying from 105 to 380 days, three patients, two of whom had twice undergone epidural blood patch, were readmitted for either surgical operation or delivery. Either epidural, caudal, or spinal block was successfully accomplished. During the epidural block, the epidural block the epidural space was easily identified and no resistance was felt either to injection of the local anesthetic or to advancement of the epidural catheter. During the spinal block, ligmentum flavum was distinctly felt from the dura. The extent of the blocks, the onset and duration of action ofpivacaine, mepivacaine, and lidocaine were within normal limits. It is, therefore, concluded that epidural blood patch does not obliterate the epidural space and should not preclude the use of regional block for later surgical or obstetric procedures. PMID- 1237252 TI - Relation of anesthesia to total hip replacement and control of operative blood loss. AB - Blood loss during total hip replacement has been reported as ranging from 500 to more than 4000 ml. To find reasons for this large variation, 167 case reports were studied. Blood loss was higher with nitrous oxide-oxygen-curare-morphine aneasthesia than with halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen. Blood loss was also higher in patients with cups, prostheses, and neoplasms of the femoral head and neck than in patients with degenerative and rheumatoid arthritis. In patients undergoing bilateral total hip replacement, operative blood loss was significantly (p=0.05) higher during the second operation. However, the most striking correlation of blood loss was with intraoperative systolic blood pressure (r=0.84), a finding confirmed by a prospective study in 58 patients. Blood loss, operative time, the number of blood transfusions, and the hypotensive and hypoxic response to acrylic bone-cement application decreased when intraoperative systolic blood pressure was lowered by 20 to 30 percent of the preoperative value by the use of trimethaphan or sodium nitroprusside. This moderate reduction of blood pressure resulted in a saving of 2 to 3 units of blood in an average case and a considerably clearer surgical field. The authors consider moderate lowering of blood pressure to be a useful adjuvant in anesthesia for total hip replacement. PMID- 1237253 TI - Train-of-4 quantitation of competitive neuromuscular block. AB - Thumb twitch in response to "train-of-4" nerve stimulation was observed in 34 anesthetized patients receiving d-tubocurarine. Over the range of 75 to 100 percent block of the 1st twitch in the train, the 4th, 3rd, 2nd, and 1st twitch become undetectable, in that order. The reappearance of twitch by spontaneous recovery also occurs predictably, following the reverse order. Counting the number of visible twitches remaining in the train (0 to 4) permits quantitative assessment of the competitive neuromuscular block 75 to 100 percent, thereby facilitates provision of profound relaxation and safeguards reversibility. PMID- 1237254 TI - Comparative effects of dextroamphetamine and reserpine on halothane and cyclopropane anesthetic requirements. AB - Cyclopropane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values in dogs following intravenous administration of 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg of dextroamphetamine were 27.8, 28.4, and 28.4 volumes percent, respectively. Those values did not differ significantly from each other but were 44 percent greater than average control (no dextroamphetamine(MAC values. Halothane MAC values following the same dextroamphetamine doses were 1.51, 1.71, and 1.64 volumes percent. These values were 75 percent greater than average controls, and this increase was significantly more than the 44 percent noted with cyclopropane. In contrast, 2 mg/kg of reserpine decreased halothane MAC 20 percent vut decreased cyclopropane MAC 40 percent- the difference between the two anesthetics again being statistically significant. These results suggest that alteration of anesthetic potency by centrally active adrenergic drugs depends on the sympathetic activity induced by the anesthetic. Conversely, this suggests that anesthetics may influence their own potency by altering central nervous system adrenergic activity. PMID- 1237255 TI - The role of profound hypothermia in infants undergoing surgical correction of complicated heart defects. AB - A series of 110 children, ranging in age from 2 days to 4 years and in weight from 2.4 to 12.9 kg, underwent total surgical correction of complicated heart defects with the aid of profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. Combined surface and core cooling, in conjunction with light general anesthesia, proved to be a safe and effective method to provide optimal working conditions for the surgeon. The technic of cooling and rewarmining, as well as hemodynamic and metabolic parameters monitored, are important, and factors such as type of heart defect, age, weight should be considered in relation to postoperative morbidity and mortality. PMID- 1237256 TI - The source of increased plasma potassium following succinylcholine. AB - Increases in plasma potassium following succinylcholine have been reported by many workers. In the present studies, these are greater when Althesin is used as the induction agent than after thiopental, and the rise is particularly marked in patients given halothane, occurring earlier in patients having electroshock therapy, and being reduced by the prior administration of a small dose of tubocurarine. These findings suggest that the rise in potassium is due to muscle trauma indiced by the relaxant during the period of fasciculation, and this is confirmed by an increase in creatine phosphokinase enzyme activity. Althesin and halothane are best avoided with succinylcholine in chronic catabolic states where an excessive rise in plasma potassium could lead to dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 1237257 TI - Increased cerbrospinal fluid pressure during laryngoscopy and intubation for induction of anesthesia. AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) was recorded in 12 patients undergoing craniotomy and 2 patients for carotid arteriogram. ICP did not change in response to the injection of contrast medium but rose significantly and dramatically in response to laryngoscopy and intubation. The increase appeared related to initial ICP and thus may represent exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms in these patients. Special attention must be given to this factor during manipulation of the larynx in neurosurgical patients with raised initial ICP or space-occupying intracranial lesions. PMID- 1237259 TI - A new "continuously-on" suction valve. PMID- 1237258 TI - Case history number 86: an unusual complication of lumbar puncture: a CSF cutaneous fistula. PMID- 1237260 TI - Comparison of success in jugular versus basilic vein technics for central venous pressure catheter positioning. PMID- 1237261 TI - A plastic sleeve electrode. PMID- 1237262 TI - [Proceedings: Immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the serum and intestinal secretions of rats]. PMID- 1237263 TI - [Proceedings: Immunity produced by injection of weak quantities of L3 larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats]. PMID- 1237264 TI - [Proceedings: Purification of an allergen of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis]. PMID- 1237266 TI - Fungal growth on C1 compounds: a study of the amino acid composition of a methanol-utilizing strain of Trichoderma lignorum. AB - The amino acid composition of the C1-utilizing fungus Trichoderma lignorum, growing at the expense of methanol as the sole source of carbon, was determined. With the exception of an insufficient content of methionine, the essential amino acid composition of this novel protein source appears adequate in terms of the Food and Agricultural Organization Reference Protein for both direct and indirect use in the human diet as a food or animal feed, respectively. PMID- 1237265 TI - Candihexin polyene macrolide complex: physicochemical characterization and antifungal activities of the single components. AB - The candihexin complex produced by a natural mutant of Streptomyces viridoflavus has been resolved into eight components. At least six of them, having hexaene chromophores, can be separated directly by thin-layer chromatography. The four major components, candihexins A, B, E, and F, account for about 90% of the total complex. They have been isolated and purified to homogeneity. All the major components were found to have macrolide lactone rings with all-trans hexaene chromophores. Candihexins A and B have compositions and molecular weights similar to candidin, the heptaene polyene macrolide produced by the parent S. viridoflavus, whereas candihexins E and F show smaller molecular weights and rather different elementary compositions. Candihexins A and B yield the amino sugar mycosamine upon hydrolysis, but no sugar was found in hydrolysates of candihexins E and F. Candihexins A and B have high antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi. The amino sugar-lacking candihexins E and F show no antifungal activity at levels of 100 mug/ml. PMID- 1237267 TI - Feed refusal factors in pure cultures of Fusarium roseum 'graminearum'. AB - Isolations from 1972 Wisconsin feed refusal corn yielded predominantly cultures of Fusarium roseum 'graminearum.' With one possible exception, none of the selected isolates of this fungus induced emesis in pigeons, whereas six of nine isolates produced feed refusal responses in all test animals. A single isolate of F. roseum 'equiseti' also induced a severe refusal response and possibly slight emesis. None of the other fungi isolated from this corn (F. moniliforme, Acremoniella atra) or controls caused either emesis or feed refusal. Zearalenone was detected in all isolates and was shown to be partially responsible for refusal activity. The remaining activity was ascribed to one or more nonvolatile, neutral, relatively polar molecules. T-2 toxin, although not detected in these isolates, was shown to have dramatic refusal activity in rats. PMID- 1237268 TI - Amino acid requirements and proteolytic activity of Streptococcus sanguis. AB - The growth response of Streptococcus sanguis groups 1:A and 1:B in a complete chemically defined medium was not influenced by the oxygen concentration of the growth atmosphere. All of the cultures required cysteine and arginine; tyrosine and branched-chain amino acids were frequently required. Proteolysis of casein, mucin, and the anionic proteins of germfree rat saliva by S. sanguis was demonstrated. Hydrolytic activity toward casein was found in the soluble contents of the cells and in the cellular debris after disruption of the cells, with the soluble fractions exhibiting greater proteolytic activity toward casein. The soluble fractions from S. sanguis did not hydrolyze mucin, but this substrate was hydrolyzed by the cell debris fraction. When the amino acid requirements and proteolytic activity of S. sanguis and S. mutans were compared, these two oral streptococcal species exhibited distinct and characteristic differences. PMID- 1237269 TI - Adaptation of BHK-21 cells to growth in shaker culture and subsequent challenge by Japanese encephalitis virus. AB - Baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells were adapted to grow in shaker culture using Waymouth medium 752/1 containing 20 mM N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine-N'-2' ethanesulfonic acid buffer and supplemented with 2.5% (vol/vol) calf serum, 0.002% (wt/vol) sodium oleate, and 0.2% fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (WO2.5). Infectivity of Japanese encephalitis virus grown in the cells adapted to WO2.5 approached 2 x 10(8) plaque-forming units per ml. The culture volume of infected cells was reduced fivefold 12 h after infection. This step resulted in a 10-fold increase in infectivity over that obtained from infected cultures not subjected to volume reduction. PMID- 1237270 TI - The effects of volatile compounds from nematodes on trap formation by a nematode trapping fungus. AB - Although the presence of prey induced trap formation by nematode-trapping fungi, it is improbable that the activity was associated with volatile compounds of nematode origin. PMID- 1237271 TI - Action of 5-thio-D-glucose and its 1-phosphate with hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase. PMID- 1237272 TI - Immunochemical studies of dextran coupled ragweed pollen allergen, antigen E. PMID- 1237273 TI - Dansyl cadaverine: a fluorescent probe and marker in cell membrane studies. PMID- 1237274 TI - Surgical correction of unusual double-outlet right ventricle. AB - This paper presents the case history of an 8-year-old girl who had total situs inversus and double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis and severe tricuspid insufficiency in the presence of dextrocardia with ventricular discordance. A successful repair was performed using the Rastelli technique in conjunction with replacement of the tricuspid valve with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and follow-up catheterization revealed a good operative result. However, the patient died suddenly during an emotionally upsetting period about two months after the operation. Postmortem examination revealed only signs of moderately severe cardiac decompensation. Some anatomical and embryological comments are made. PMID- 1237275 TI - Structure-action relationships of histidine decarboxylase inhibitors. AB - Substituted phenols were found to be more potent inhibitors of histidine decarboxylase than were the correspondingly-substituted benzoic acids. Regression analysis, though indicating that potent inhibitors of histamine formation are unlikely to be found among simple, substituted phenols, enables tentative conclusions to be drawn regarding the nature of the interaction between these compounds and the enzyme. PMID- 1237276 TI - [Proceedings: Hirschman's test in thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 1237277 TI - Genetic determinant of lithium ion distribution. An in vitro and in vivo monozygotic-dizygotic twin study. AB - In previous research, evidence was provided of genetic control of in vitro red blood cell (RBC) uptake of lithium ion following a 24-hour incubation using a monozygotic (MZ)-dizygotic (DZ) twin study method. To extend these data, in vitro RBC lithium ion concentrations were assessed for five MZ and five DZ twin pairs. To extend this line of research on genetic control of lithium ion distribution to in vivo conditions, these twin pairs were administered lithium carbonate for seven days during which time RBC and plasma lithium ion concentrations were assessed. In this limited sample, the data provide evidence of genetic control of distribution of lithium ion across the RBC membrane in vivo as well as of in vitro RBC uptake of lithium ion. PMID- 1237278 TI - [Hodgkin's disease: an epidemiological study on 140 children--urban/rural relation, profession of parents, domestic animal contact]. AB - In Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen, Hamburg and Bremen) 140 children aged 2-14 years who had developed Hodgkin's disease after World War II were identified with the help of all 54 children's hospitals, the 101 local public health offices, and the Hamburg Cancer registry etc. Only histologically confirmed cases were included. For boys, comparison by urban and rural residence showed a preponderance of cases in rural areas (places with less than 2000 inhabitants). This urban-rural difference became statistically significant (P less than 0.05) when the cases reported from Hamburg (with its greater registration intensity) were excluded. For girls, there was no difference in the urban/rural distribution. Personal interviews were conducted with 133 case families. One third of the parents had been engaged in agricultural occupations. In the retrospective studies contacts with domestic animals was most impressive, especially those with rabbits (84.2%). But there was also contact with large animals, most frequently with pigs (45.9%). The difficulties of getting suitable controls--because of the widespread and changing keeping of animals--are discussed. A matched pair analysis of the 21 children from Hamburg confirmed significance (P less than 0.05) for contact with domestic rabbits.-- Furthermore, multiple cases (in family or in neighbourhood, "cluster") could mostly be linked together by contacts with the same herd. The epidemiological results from the basis of a hypothesis that Hodgkin's disease is a zoonosis. The possibility of a synergistic action of two factors--transmitted by two different species--is discussed. PMID- 1237280 TI - [Seckel's bird head syndrome. Hormonal and pneumoencephalographic study of a case]. PMID- 1237279 TI - Electron microscopic observation of feline kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus. AB - An electron microscopic study of kitten kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus (a member of the family Picornaviridae) has been carried out. Although cells appeared to be synchronised by the light microscope, electron microscopic changes were extremely variable. The first observable and consistent changes occurred in the nucleus followed by the formation of membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm. A variety of arrangements of virus particle accumulation were observed in infected cells. These included crystalline arrays, membranous cisternae and accumulation of particles in fine fibrillar material. The finding of accumulations of virus particles in association with smooth membranes is of importance in respect of the recent biochemical evidence of poliovirus assembly in relation to smooth membranes. PMID- 1237281 TI - Induced corneal vascularization remission with argon laser therapy. AB - Vascularization was induced in rabbit corneas by the application of silver nitrate. Argon laser photocoagulation was applied to the entire length of these corneal vessels with relatively long pulses of energy. Untreated areas of vascularization were used as controls. There was a decrease in the corneal vascularization in the treated areas that exceeded any natural tendency toward remission. The results suggest the efficacy of inducing a remission of corneal vascularization with argon laser photocoagulation. PMID- 1237282 TI - Variation of energy density in argon laser photocoagulation. AB - The power density at the retina provided by presently available laser photocoagulators is subject to variation. Three factors contribute to making the retinal image of the laser beam substantially different from the spot size indicated on the selector of the photocoagulator. These are the operator's variable accommodation, the astigmatism introduced by the contact lens, and the depth of focus of the observation system. The assumption that the same setting on the instrument regularly produces the same power density at the retina will lead to errors in comparing lesions. The safest procedure is to start from the threshold in every location. PMID- 1237283 TI - The diagnosis and management of keratomycoses. I. Cause and diagnosis. AB - Causative isolates, clinical features, and laboratory studies are reported for sixty-one cases of culture-proved mycotic keratitis. Isolates are categorized into four groups, including 36 Fusarium solani, 11 other Moniliaceae species, seven Dematiaceae, and seven yeasts. Of the 61 patients, 42 were men. Mild outdoor trauma was sustained in 14 of 24 cases. Patients were often referred with a clinical diagnosis of presumed fungal keratitis, within one week of symptom development, and usually had not received topically applied steroids prior to referral. Laboratory diagnosis necessitates prompt corneal scrapings, preferably stained with Giemsa or Gram, and culture on Sabouraud and blood agar maintained at room temperature, with growth usually evident by 48 hours. PMID- 1237284 TI - The pediculate bone graft as treatment for the aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. AB - We believe that if an early diagnosis is stated and therefore its treatment, the final prognosis is considerably better. When faced with a coxarthropathy, presumably an aseptic necrosis of the hip, we believe that the hemodynamics of the femoral head plus a biopsy should be carried out, even in the cases where the radiology is negative. The simplicity of the technique in addition to the fact that the mechanics of the hip remain unaltered in view of any future operations, leads us to the point where the pediculate bone graft is the technique of choice in those cases with similar conditions to the above described. PMID- 1237285 TI - Further observations on hormonal support of pregnancy in the ovariectomized rabbit. AB - While the necessity for progesterone administration throughout pregnancy in the ovariectomized rabbit is not questioned, the roles of 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone and oestradiol are still in doubt. 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone was shown to be a weak inducer of implantation with less than one-tenth the potency of progesterone. The significance of its high level of production on the day after mating remains obscure. In combination with the earlier results of Kwun and Emmens (1974), further work with oestradiol suggests that at no stage is it clearly needed for successful maintenance of pregnancy. However, in low doses (0.125-0.2 mug/day prior to implantation, 0.2 rising to 1.6 mug, or remaining at 0.2 mug/day thereafter) it produced slight but sometimes significant improvements in implantation and foetal development percentages. Birth processes were abnormal if progesterone injections were continued beyond day 29. Foetuses were most frequently retained in utero or born dead after a somewhat prolonged pregnancy. The cessation of injections on day 29, whether or not a low dosage of 0.2 mug of oestradiol per day were continued, resulted in 94-98% normal parturition, but the percentage of live births was still significantly below that of controls unless oestradiol was given. PMID- 1237286 TI - Cardiomyopathy--the frequently forgotten mimic: clinical and open-chest myocardial biopsy studies. AB - Attention is drawn to the cardiomyopathies, 25 idiopathic cases being presented and the features noted which may mimic other conditions, especially coronary heart disease. Subtle clinical manifestations may be misinterpreted unless these disorders are kept in mind. The diagnosis can usually be suspected at the bedside but specialized tests may be required to confirm it. Open-chest myocardial biopsy has yielded exciting, but not yet apparently useful, results in six instances. Recognition of cardiomyopathy in aviation cardiology is important because of the high incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death associated with the condition. PMID- 1237287 TI - Contact stimulation and accelerated sexual maturation of female mice. PMID- 1237288 TI - Chemoreception in Aplysia californica. I. Behavioral localization of distance chemoreceptors used in food-finding. PMID- 1237289 TI - Does social environment decrease propensity to fight in male mice? PMID- 1237290 TI - Amnesia produced by unilateral, subseizure, electrical stimulation of the amygdala in rats. PMID- 1237291 TI - A description and analysis of agonistic behavior patterns in an opisthobranch mollusc, Hermissenda crassicornis. PMID- 1237292 TI - The equilibrium position of the reaction of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase with pyridoxal5'-phosphate. A demonstration that covalent modification with this reagent completely abolishes catalytic activity. AB - 1. The activity of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase incubated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate declined to a steady value reached within 30--60 min. The residual activity depended on the concentration of modifier up to about 5 mM. Above this concentration, however, no further inactivation was produced. The minimum activity obtainable in such incubations was 6--7% of the initial value. 2. Km values of the modified enzyme were unaltered, whereas Vmax. was decreased. 3. Activity was fully regained on dialysis against 0.1 M-potassium phosphate buffer. 4. Reduction with borohydride rendered the inactivation permanent but did not alter its extent. 5. Enzyme permanently inactivated in this way to the extent of 90% and dialysed was re-treated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. In this second cycle activity declined from 10 to 1% of the original activity. 6. This strongly suggests that the failure to achieve complete inactivation in a single cycle reflects a reversible equilibrium between inactive Schiff base, i.e. covalently modified enzyme, and a non-covalent complex. 7. The re-inactivation reaction occurring on dilution was demonstrated directly and a first-order rate constant obtained (0.048 min-1). This, in conjunction with an estimate of the forward rate constant for Schiff-base formation, obtained by approximate pseudo-first-order analysis of inactivation at varied modifier concentrations, gives a predicted minimum activity very close to that actually obtained in a single cycle of treatment. 8. The dissociation constant of the non-covalent complex is given by two methods as 0.90 and 1.59mM. 9. The results indicate that covalent modification with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate completely abolishes the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1237293 TI - The nature of the binding site for aromatic compounds in glycogen phosphorylase b. AB - The inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (1,4-alpha-D-glucan- orthophosphate alpha-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.1) by aromatic compounds was examined with 15 compounds. The relative effectiveness of the inhibitors correlated well with increasing substituent constant, pi, indicating the hydrophobic nature of the binding site. The inhibition was not affected by the ionic-strength variation of the assay mixtures. The results predict that the course of chemical modification of this enzyme and the properties of the derivatives depend on the nature of the reagent and on the incorporated groups. Many of the dissimilar and sometimes contradictory results reported for chemical modification studies and for chemically modified phosphorylase b are explained by the findings presented in the paper. PMID- 1237294 TI - Co-operative binding of oxytocin to bovine neurophysin II. AB - The interaction of oxytocin with bovine neurophysin II in 0.1 M-sodium phosphate, pH 5.8, was investigated by equilibrium-dialysis and sedimentation studies. Sigmoidality of the binding curve is attributed to isomerization, either hormone induced or pre-existing, with preferential binding of oxytocin to one isomeric state. Results are consistent with a binding equation of the form r = (2P[S]+2PQ[S]2)/(1+2P[S]+PQ[S]2) and values of 0.7 X 10(5)M-1 and 1.3 X 10(5)M-1 for P and Q respectively. The significance of these two parameters in relation to current theories of allostery is also discussed. PMID- 1237295 TI - The reaction of penicillin with proteins. AB - The mode of reaction of benzylpenicillin with two proteins was studied, with particular reference to the allergenicity of penicillin. These reactions, with pig insulin, and with hen's-egg-white lysozyme, were carried out in neutral solution at 37 degrees C. High concentrations of penicillin are needed to label the proteins, owing to concurrent hydrolysis of penicillin. Evidence has been obtained that the penicillin-reactive sites on the insulin molecule are the alpha amino group at the N-terminus of the A chain and the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue; whereas a site of reaction with lysozyme appears to be the epsilon-amino group of lysine-116. PMID- 1237296 TI - The chemistry of the collagen cross-links. The mechanism of stabilization of the reducible intermediate cross-links. AB - The periodate-degradation technique was used to demonstrate the mechanism by which the reducible cross-links of collagen are stabilized. In all the tissues examined, Smith degradations of the 3H-labelled cross-links indicated that dihydroxylysinonorleucine is derived solely from hydroxylysino-5-oxonorleucine, the Amadori-rearranged product of the original condensation reaction. Monohydroxylysinonorleucine exists in both keto and aldimine forms, the former being derived from hydroxyallysine and the latter from allysine. Their relative proportions are tissue-dependent and are related to the degree of hydroxylation of the specific lysine residues in both the telopeptides and the triple helix. PMID- 1237297 TI - Short communications. AB - A ribosome crystal is an aggregate of ribosomes which are packed in a regular array. Preliminary experiments analysing the proteins from ribosome crystals by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis show that, although most proteins appear similar to those from polyribosomes, four extra proteins also seem to be characteristic of ribosome crystals. PMID- 1237299 TI - Preparation and partial characterization of two forms of bovine thrombin. PMID- 1237298 TI - Fatty acid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue of normal and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice during the 24-hour cycle. AB - 1. The synthesis of long-chain fatty acids de novo was measured in the liver and in regions of adipose tissue in intact normal and genetically obses mice throughout the daily 24h cycle. 2. The total rate of synthesis, as measured by the rate of incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into fatty acid, was highest during the dark period, in liver and adipose tissue of lean or obese mice. 3. The rate of incorporation of 14C from [U-14C]glucose into fatty acid was also followed (in the same mice). The 14C/3H ratios were higher by a factor of 5-20 in parametrial and scapular fat than that in liver. This difference was less marked during the dark period (of maximum fatty acid synthesis). 4. In normal mice, the total rate of fatty acid synthesis in the liver was about twofold greater than that in all adipose tissue regions combined. 5. In obese mice, the rate of fatty acid synthesis was more rapid than in lean mice, in both liver and adipose tissue. Most of the extra lipogenesis occurred in adipose tissue. The extra hepatic fatty acids synthesized in obese mice were located in triglyceride rather than phospholipid. 6. In adipose tissue of normal mice, the rate of fatty acid synthesis was most rapid in the intra-abdominal areas and in brown fat. In obese mice, all regions exhibited rapid rates of fatty acid synthesis. 7. These results shed light on the relative significance of liver and adipose tissue (i.e. the adipose 'organ') in fatty acid synthesis in mice, on the mino importance of glucose in hepatic lipogenesis, and on the alterations in the rate of fatty acid synthesis in genetically obese mice. PMID- 1237300 TI - Heterogeneity of turnover rates of 4S RNAs in Friend virus-infected mouse leukemia cells. PMID- 1237301 TI - Presence of four toxins in red tide infested clams and cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells. PMID- 1237302 TI - Nucleotide clusters in deoxyribonucleic acids. XII. The distribution of 5 methylcytosine in pyrimidine oligonucleotides of mouse L-cell satellite DNA and main band DNA. PMID- 1237303 TI - Steric analysis of glycerophospholipids by circular dichroism. Stereospecifity of phospholipase D catalyzed transesterification. PMID- 1237304 TI - On the magnetic properties of cobalt substituted bovine superoxide dismutase derivatives. PMID- 1237306 TI - A glucose acceptor in plants with the properties of an alpha-saturated polyprenyl monophosphate. PMID- 1237305 TI - Heterogeneity in the rapidly exchanging metals of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 1237308 TI - Adnexal polyp of neonatal skin. AB - The adnexal polyp of neonatal skin is a small, usually solitary tumour of the skin occurring mostly on the areola of the nipple of the neonate. Our statistics reveal an incidence of 4-0% in 3,257 newborn infants. Histologically it always contains hair follicles, eccrine glands and vestigial sebaceous glands, hence the term 'adnexal polyp of neonatal skin' is proposed. No similar report has been hitherto recorded. PMID- 1237307 TI - The value of sequential bone marrow biopsy and laparotomy and splenectomy in a series of 127 consecutive untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - The information derived from sequential routine bone marrow biopsies and exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy in 127 consecutive untreated protocol patients with malignant lymphomata other than Hodgkin's disease is reviewed. Of the 61 patients with diffuse lymphomata, 36% changed stage after these diagnostic procedures, usually to a more advanced stage. Of the 66 patients with nodular lymphomata, 62% had a change in stage, almost all to more advanced stages, usually as a result of bone marrow biopsy. The correlation of pathological stages to clinical stages is presented for each of the Rappaport classification subgroups and for several age groups. The precise indications for exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy cannot yet be defined. These will have to await the results of current clinical trials, which may reveal to what degree an improvement in therapeutic results has been achieved as a result of a better knowledge of the extent of disease. PMID- 1237309 TI - P-Azidophenacyl bromide, a versatile photolabile bifunctional reagent. Reaction with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The synthesis of the photochemically labile bifunctional reagent p-azidophenacyl bromide (1) is described. This compound may be covalently attached to a known site of an enzyme or other macromolecule by nucleophilic displacement at the alpha-bromo ketone moiety. Subsequent irradiation of the bound reagent gives a nitrene which may insert into a second portion of the enzyme forming a cross link. Regeant 1 proved to be an excellent inhibitor of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1237310 TI - The effect of Mn2+ and Co2+ on the activities of a zinc metallodipeptidase from a mouse ascites tumor. AB - Kinetic studies of the effect of addition of Co2+ or Mn2+ to a highly purified dipeptidase from Ehrlich-Lettre mouse ascites tumor cells show that these metals specifically activate the hydrolyses of certain classes of dipeptides. This enzyme was previously (S. Hayman and E. K. Patterson, 1971, J. Biol. Chem. 246, 660) reported to be a Zn-metalloenzyme. It is now shown that Zn is the only metal that can partially restore the activity of the EDTA-inhibited dipeptidase in cleaving Ala-Gly. Addition of Co2+ increases the Vmax of N-terminal Gly dipeptides with increase in Km while addition of Mn2+ primarily activates the hydrolysis of Pro-Gly, again with increases in both Vmax and Km. Prior incubation (5 min, 30 degrees) of the dipeptidase with the appropriate metal ions causes decrease in initial lag time in the Co2+-activated hydrolysis of Gly-Gly and the Mn2+-activated hydrolysis of Pro-Gly. Long-term (6-19 hr, 0 degrees) incubation of the enzyme with Co2+ results in loss of activity toward Ala-Gly with a concomitant 13-fold increase in the rate of Gly-Gly hydrolysis and loss of 70% of the Zn2+ from the dipeptidase; these effects can be partially reversed by addition of Zn2+. In contrast, long-term incubation of the enzyme with Mn2+ results in no loss of Zn2+ and a twofold increase in activity toward Pro-Gly. One affinity constant of 1.4 muM for Co2+ and two constants of 0.23 and 27 muM for Mn2+ were determined by kinetic experiments. Comparison of the properties of this tumor enzyme with a dipeptidase purified in our laboratory from Escherichia coli B, and with mammalian dipeptidases highly purified by others, shows remarkable similarities in molecular weights and molecular activities toward the preferred substrates but in the case of bacterial dipeptidase, differences in substrate specificities and in the effect of metal ions. PMID- 1237311 TI - Fragments of bovine serum albumin produced by limited proteolysis. Conformation and ligand binding. AB - Twelve fragments of bovine serum albumin, isolated following limited tryptic or peptic hydrolysis, have been studied to define secondary structure and locate ligand-binding sites. Based on circular dichroism, the conformational pattern of albumin (68% alpha helix and 18% beta structure) is substantially retained by individual fragments, indicating that secondary configuration is locally determined and is not destroyed during the cleavage process nor during fragment purification. The strong bilirubin-binding site of bovine serum albumin is present in 3 of the 12 fragments. Residues 186-238 are common to the three fragments and absent from those fragments which do not bind bilirubin; consequently the strong bilirubin-binding site is suggested to involve this region. By similar reasoning, the presence of palmitate-binding sites in some fragments and not in others indicates that the three strongest sites for the binding of palmitate are located in the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of the molecule. The first site (KA approximately 2 X 10(7) M-1) is suggested as residues 377-503; the second site (KA approximately 8 X 10(6) M-1), residues 239 306; the third site (KA approximately 2 X 10(6) M-1), residues 307-377. Bromocresol Green, a reagent used in the assay of ablumin, was bound by fragments rougly in proportion to their size but showed particular affinity for the region of the strong bilirubin-binding site. The fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1 naphthalensulfonate, was in general bound by large fragments, supporting the concept that this ligand is held principally in clefts between domains of the macromolecule. PMID- 1237312 TI - An essential arginyl residue at the nucleotide binding site of creatine kinase. AB - Treatment of rabbit muscle creatine kinase (EC 2.4.3.2) with either butanedione in borate buffer or phenylglyoxal in Veronal buffer decreases enzymatic activity correlating with the modification of a single arginyl residue per subunit of the dimeric enzyme. Very little activity is lost when modification is performed in the presence of MgATP or MgADP. Nucleotide binding to the modified enzyme is virtually abolished as determined by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. The data suggest that an arginyl residue plays an essential role in the enzymatic mechanism of creatine kinase, probably as a recognition site for the negatively charged oligophosphate moiety of the nucleotide. PMID- 1237313 TI - Effect of ligands on the reactivity of essential sulfhydryls in brain hexokinase. Possible interaction between substrate binding sites. AB - Inactivation of bovine brain mitochondrial hexokinase by 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), a sulfhydryl specific reagent, has been investigated. The study shows that the inactivation of the enzyme by DTNB proceeds by way of prior binding of the reagent to the enzyme and involves the reaction of 1 mol of DTNB with a mol of enzyme. At stoichiometric levels of DTNB, the inactivation of the enzyme is accompanied by the formation of a disulfide bond. But it is not clear whether the disulfide bond or the mixed disulfide intermediate formed prior to it causes inactivation. On the basis of considerable protection afforded by glucose against this inactivation it is tentatively concluded that the sulfhydryl residues involved in this inactivation are at the glucose binding site of the enzyme, although other possibilities are not ruled out. An analysis of effects of various substrates and inhibitors on the kinetics of inactivation and sulfhydryl modification by DTNB has led to the proposal that the binding of substrates to the enzyme is interdependent and that glucose and glucose 6-phosphate produce slow conformational changes in the enzyme. Protective effects by ligands have been employed to calculate their dissociation constant with respect to the enzyme. The data also indicate that glucose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate share the same locus on the enzyme as the gamma phosphate of ATP and that nucleotides ATP and ADP bind to the enzyme in the absence of Mg2+. PMID- 1237314 TI - The location of the calcium ion binding site in bovine alpha-trypsin and beta trypsin using lanthanide ion probes. AB - The effect of Gd3+ on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rates, T1m 1 and T2m-1, of inhibitor protons in metal-inhibitor-trypsin ternary complexes has been measured. The Solomon-Bloembergen equations have been used to calculate distances of 10.0 +/- 0.5, 8.8 +/- 0.5, and 9.5 +/- 0.5 A between the metal ion and the methyl and ortho protons of p-toluamidine, and the methyl protons of acetamidine, respectively. Essentially the same results are obtained for both alpha-trypsin and beta-trypsin. Binding constants of 3.3 x 10(3) and 4.1 x 10(3) M-1 for the association of Gd(III) with alpha-trypsin and beta-trypsin, respectively, in the presence of p-toluamidine at pH 6.0 have been obtained by equilibrium dialysis. Calcium binding constants of 260 and 3700 M-1 at pH 6.0 and 8.0, respectively, with beta-trypsin have also been obtained. Calcium ion and gadolinium ion compete for the same site on the protein. Calcium has been shown to protect alpha-trypsin from further autolytic degradation to psi-trypsin. From examination of the crystal structure of the enzyme we propose that the calcium ion binding site of bovine trypsin is comprised of the side chains of Asp-194 and Ser-190 (based on the chymotrypsin sequence numbering system). This seems to be the only site which is comprised of at least one carboxyl group; which fits our distance requirements and which is conisistent with other chemical data. PMID- 1237315 TI - Studies on lysophospholipases. IV. The subcellular distribution of two lysolecithin-hydrolyzing enzymes in beef liver. AB - 1. In a previous paper (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1974) 369, 50-63) the purification of two proteins with lysophospholipase activity (EC 3.1.1.5), provisionally denoted lysophospholipase I and lysophospholipase II, has been described. The subcellular localization of both enzymes was investigated by cell fractionation studies. 2. For each subcellular fraction the total lysophospholipase activity, after solubilization by n-butanol treatment, was separated into a lysophospholipase I and II contribution by DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography. 3. Lysophospholipase I was found to be a soluble enzyme with a bimodal distribution. Highest relative specific activities were measured in the mitochondrial and the cytoplasmic fraction. Evidence is presented indicating that this enzyme is present in the mitochondrial matrix fraction. 4. Lysophospholipase II appeared to be a membrane-bound enzyme with highest relative specific activity in the microsomal fraction. PMID- 1237316 TI - The interaction of various control mechanisms in determining the rate of hepatic cholesterogenesis in the rat. AB - In these studies rats were subjected to diurnal light-cycling, stress, fasting and the feeding of cholestyramine, beta-sitosterol and cholesterol in various combinations. In control animals exposed to light cycling for 2 weeks the rate of hepatic cholesterogenesis was 3.7 fold higher in the mid-dark than in the mid light phase of the light cycle. The magnitude of this difference varied with the duration of light cycling and the size of the animals. Similarly, enhanced rates of cholesterol synthesis were seen in the mid-dark phase relative to the mid light phase of the light cycle in rats where the base-line level of hepatic cholesterogenesis was increased by feeding cholestyramine (1.6-fold) or beta sitosterol (2.9-fold) or was depressed by fasting (19-fold) or cholesterol feeding (2.1-fold). Restraining animals for 48 h also increased the rate of cholesterol synthesis in the liver; in control animals, this stress enhanced the level of cholesterogenesis seen at both the mid-light and mid-dark phases of the light cycle. In addition, both the effects of stress and of diurnal light cycling could be identified in groups of animals where base-line cholesterogenic activity was varied by fasting or by feeding cholestyramine, beta-sitosterol or cholesterol. These studies illustrate the complexity of the control of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and suggest that the final rate of cholesterogenesis may be the result of several different effectors modifying by different mechanisms the activity of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. PMID- 1237318 TI - Calculation of the energy difference between the quaternary structures of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin. AB - The energy difference between the quaternary structures of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin is evaluated on the basis of the atomic coordinates determined by X ray diffraction analysis. Calculation of the van der Waals interaction between subunits shows that in a hemoglobin molecule as a whole, the interaction is more attractive in the oxy form than in the deoxy form by about 8 kcal/mol, and that in each pair of two subunits except the pair alpha1alpha2, the interaction energy varies by about 15 kcal/mol. The electrostatic interactions originating in the partial charges on all constituent atoms of hemoglobin and in the polar residues on the surface of hemoglobin make only a small contribution to the energy difference between the quaternary structures of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin. Thus, the contribution of the clusters of the polar residues in the internal cavity between like subunits and also of the freedom of rotation of the C-terminal of each subunit in oxyhemoglobin may be important energetically in the transition from deoxy to oxy quaternary structure. In this point, the present calculation supports Perutz' model, but suggests necessity of further investigations on the transitional characteristics of the quaternary structure in the intermediate steps of oxygenation. The discussion on the transitional characteristics is given in the last section. PMID- 1237317 TI - Circular dichroism of soybean leghemoglobin. AB - Circular dichroic (CD) spectra of soybean leghemoglobin, and some of its liganded derivatives were measured over the wavelength range of 650 to 200 nm. The heme related circular dichroic bands in the visible, Soret and ultraviolet wavelength regions exhibit Cotton effects characteristic of each of the compounds examined. The positions of the dichroic bands vary with ligand substitutions and the oxidation state of the iron. All leghemoglobin derivatives, except the apoprotein, exhibit negative circular dichroic bands in the region of Soret absorption. In this region the optical activity of compounds with high-spin moments is greater than that of compounds with low or intermediate spin moments. The ellipticity of the heme band at about 260 nm is also altered by ligand binding and spin state. The dichroic spectra in the far-ultraviolet region indicated a high extent of alpha-helical structure (about 70%) in the native leghemoglobin and its liganded derivatives. The helicality of the apoprotein seems to diminish suggesting a decrease caused by the removal of the heme. PMID- 1237319 TI - Temperature dependence of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine binding in egg lecithin vesicles. AB - The temperature dependence of the binding of PhNapNH2 (N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine) to vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine has been determined. The Arrhenius plot of the association constant exhibits a discontinuity at 20.9 degrees C, some 30 degrees C above the broad phase transition region of the phospholipid. In the temperature range above 20 degrees C, deltaH0 =--6100 cal-mol-1 and deltaS0 = 9.7 e.u.; in the temperature range below 20 degrees C, deltaH0 = 0 cal-mol-1 and deltaS0 = 30.4 e.u. These values are consistent with the view that there are well ordered lipid-lipid bonds below 20 degrees C which are significantly less important above this temperature. The order in the temperature range of 5 to 20 degrees C, though significantly greater than that above 20 degrees C, is still significiantly less than that in the crystalline state. PMID- 1237320 TI - Isolation of the outer acrosomal membrane from bull sperm. AB - A procedure is described for subcellular fractionation of bull sperm which allows the isolation of outer acrosomal membrane without the use of detergent. After washing to remove seminal plasma contaminants, the acrosomal membrane is removed by homogenization and separated on a two-step sucrose gradient. The isolated membranes have been characterized by light and electron microscopy and enzyme analysis. While the acrosomal enzymes hyaluronidase and acrosin are bound to the isolated membranes, they represent only a small percentage of the total activity and therefore do not provide reliable marker enzymes for this fraction. Subcellular fractionation of sperm also yields information on the solubility of acrosomal enzymes. Two types of acrosomal enzymes have been identified on the basis of their distribution in gradient fractions. Both alpha-fucosidase and beta N-acetyl glucosaminidase are concentrated in the soluble fraction of the gradient. In contrast, over 70% of the acrosin and hyaluronidase activity remains associated with the sperm pellet. These differences in solubility of these enzymes may reflect differences in their function in fertilization. PMID- 1237321 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis in mouse myeloma cells by Ricinus communis toxin. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis in mouse myeloma cells by Ricinus communis toxin was studied. No significant disaggregation of polysomes into monosomes was detected in the toxin-treated cells. The activity of the polysomes isolated from the cells treated with the toxin in protein synthesis was remarkably lower than that of the untreated cells, while the activity of the supernatant enzyme fraction was retained. The ribosomes derived from the polysomes of the toxin-treated cells were inactive in poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis. The activity of ribosomes reconstituted by hybridizing subunits derived from the ribosomes of normal and toxin-treated cells were measured in poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis, and the 60 S subunit was revealed to be inactive. These results indicate that the target of action of the toxin towards intact cells is the 60 S ribosomal subunit. PMID- 1237322 TI - Premature replication of late S period DNA regions in early S nuclei transferred to late S cytoplasm by fusion in Physarum polycephalum. AB - Fusion of a late S period plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum to an early S period plasmodium causes premature replication of late S replicating regions in the nuclei of the early S plasmodium. The extent of ahead-of-schedule replication of late S replicating regions in early S period nuclei increases to a plateau of 16-20% for fusions with 40-70 min of phase difference, then declines for larger phase differences. The stimulatory factors for late S replicative units are present only in late S plasmodia and appear to act only on late S regions. Once replicated, early S replicating regions are not stimulated to replicate again by fusion to a plasmodium entering the S period. Our data do not discriminate between anti-termination of replication by factors of stop sites on long replicons, and a sequential initiation of replication on new, possibly non adjacent regions, but does provide evidence that the stimulatory factors are distinct from one another and specific for certain target replicative units. PMID- 1237323 TI - A solvent-partition method for measuring the binding of drugs to DNA. Application to the quinoxaline antibiotics echinomycin and triostin A. AB - The development of a novel solvent-partition method for measuring the interaction between nucleic acids and drugs of limited water solubility is described. Factors relevant to the choice of a suitable water-immiscible solvent are summarised. i Amyl acetate was selected for studying the binding of echinomycin and triostin A to DNA. Details of the experimental determination of extinction and partition coefficients are given; in the i-amyl acetate/buffer system employed for most experiments, the partition coefficients for echinomycin and triostin A were 111 +/- 4 and 943 +/- 23, respectively. Equilibration of echinomycin between the organic and aqueous phases was 90% complete within a few minutes, and a period of 2 h shaking was found satisfactory to ensure full attainment of equilibrium. Representative results are presented showing specific binding of the quinoxaline antibiotics to DNA, strong preference for double-helical as opposed to heat denatured or single-stranded DNA, and restricted uptake by closed circular duplex PM2 DNA. The method is potentially applicable, with appropriate modifications, to the study of interactions between other ligands and DNA. PMID- 1237324 TI - Inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis of end-phosphate DNA by iridium chlorocomplexes. AB - The enzymatic hydrolysis of end-phosphate DNA by calf intestine alkaline phosphatase is inhibited by iridium chlorocomplexes. The inhibitory effect is strongly influenced by the chemical form of iridium. While hexachloroiridate (IV) and hexachloroiridite (III) strongly inhibit the enzymatic activity of calf intestine alkaline phosphatase no inhibitory effect was observed when these chlorocomplexes were previously irradiated by light and transformed to their photochemical reaction products. Evidence is presented which suggests that the noncompetitive and irreversible inhibitory effect was due to an effective interaction of iridium with the protein without release of its metal constituent at a very low concentration of enzyme. The protective effects of various chemicals on the inhibitory action was also briefly investigated. PMID- 1237325 TI - Modification of morphine-withdrawal syndrome in rats following transauricular electrostimulation: an experimental paradigm for auricular electroacupuncture. AB - The experimental paradigm reported here provides a useful animal model with which to further study the effects of regional electrostimulation and its possible relationship with electrical acupuncture. What similarities there may be between electrical acupuncture and the technique of regional electrocerebral stimulation used for production of electrosleep and electronarcosis in animals and man (Wageneder et al., 1966) remain to be elucidated. Further research studies, both clinical and basic, are clearly needed to answer some of the questions relating to the safety, efficacy, and possible mechanisms by which a technique such as electrical acupuncture may exert its effects. PMID- 1237327 TI - An instrument for dynamic measurement of longitudinal stresses and strains in a blood vessel in situ. PMID- 1237326 TI - Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. I. Theoretical considerations. AB - The transport of macromolecules across the renal glomerular capillary wall has been described theoretically using flux equations based on (a) restricted transport through small pores, and (b) the Kedem-Katchalsky formulation. The various assumptions and limitations inherent in these two approaches are discussed. To examine the coupling between macromolecular solute transport and the determinants of glomerular filtration rate, these flux equations were combined with mass balance relations which allow for variations in the transmembrane driving forces along a glomerular capillary. It was predicted, using both pore theory and the Kedem-Katchalsky equations, that fractional solute clearance should be strongly dependent on the determinants of glomerular filtration rate when convection and diffusion both contribute to solute transport. When convection becomes the sole mechanism for transcapillary solute transport, however, fractional solute clearance is essentially independent of changes in the determinants of glomerular filtration rate. Consequently, unless diffusion is absent, fractional solute clearances alone are insufficient to characterize the permselective properties of the glomerular capillary wall, since these values may be altered by changes in glomerular pressures and flows as well as changes in the properties of the capillary wall per se. PMID- 1237328 TI - Analysis of suction experiments on red blood cells. PMID- 1237329 TI - [Diurnal variations of the viscosity of bronchial secretions in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1237330 TI - Timid singly-housed mice: their value in prediction of psychotropic activity of drugs. AB - 1 About 45% of singly-housed male mice showed timidity (alert postures, running away, defensive postures) instead of aggression on interactions in pairs with group-housed male mice, though their partners did not show any aggression. The isolation-induced timidity was stable in repeated interactions. Timid mice also showed locomotion (walking across cage and rearing) and a small amount of sociable activity (sniffing, following partners and climbing over them). 2 Diazepam (5 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (20 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (7.5 mg/kg) and barbitone (60 mg/kg) given orally inhibited the isolation-induced timidity without reducing other motor activities in the timid mice. Imipramine lessened timidith only in a dose (80 mg/kg) which also decreased other components of behaviour in the timid isolates. (+)-Amphetamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) increased the timid response. 3 Comparison of the inhibition of timid activities with changes in other behaviour occurring at the same time seems a better measure of selective timidity-reducing effects of drugs than the rota-rod test. 4 Diazepam (5 mg/kg) increased sociable and locomotor activities. Barbitone (20 and 60 mg/kg) increased sociable activities; however, the higher dose also evoked some aggression in timid mice. 5 Behaviour of timid singly housed male mice seems to be a good measure for prediction of activity of drugs in relieving anxiety as well as for detection of aggression-evoking and sociability-increasing effects of drugs. PMID- 1237331 TI - Reduction in the cholinesterase activity of the rat anococcygeus muscle produced by corticosterone. AB - 1 Administration of corticosterone caused a 47% reduction in the cholinesterase (ChE) activity of homogenates of the rat anococcygeus muscle. 2 ChE activity was also reduced by morphine withdrawal and this effect was abolished by the corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor, metyrapone. 3 A single dose of reserpine reduced ChE activity in normal but not in adrenalectomized rats. 4 ChE activity was increased by adrenalectomy or by metyrapone treatment. 5 The mechanism of the corticosteroid-induced reduction in ChE activity is discussed. 6 The reduction in ChE activity produced by corticosterone, morphine withdrawal, or a single dose of reserpine might explain the leftward shift of the dose-% response curve to acetylcholine produced by these procedures in the isolated anococcygeus muscle of the rat. PMID- 1237332 TI - Premenstrual affective syndrome and affective disorder. AB - Sixty-four per cent of 874 freshmen and sophomore women sent questionnaires about premenstrual and menstrual symptoms returned them. They differed from those not returning the questionnaires only in year of school. As predicted, women reporting premenstrual affective symptoms were more likely than those who did not report them to seek psychiatric care at the Student Health Service and to be diagnosed as affective disorder at the service. PMID- 1237333 TI - Attitudes towards self-poisoning among physicians and nurses in a general hospital. AB - Twenty-five doctors and 50 nurses working in the medical wards of a general hospital were interviewed. They were asked to indicate typical motives for self poisoning and were then shown brief accounts of four typical case histories. They were asked to choose from a list of motives those they considered applied to each case. They then rated each motive for acceptability and understandability, and each case for sympathy and readiness to help. Motives were of two principal types -"manipulative' (i.e. aimed at eliciting a response from others) and "depressive' (i.e. communicating despair and aimed at withdrawal, escape or death). "Depressive' motives were more acceptable and evoked more sympathy or readiness to help in both doctors and nurses than "manipulative' motives. Doctors and nurses differed in various ways. Nurses were generally more accepting, more sympathetic and more likely to seek professional help as an alternative way of coping. Doctors distinguished more clearly between "suicidal' motives, of which they were relatively accepting, and "manipulative' motives, which they accepted less. Attitudes to the four cases differed, primarily in the motives attributed. Those differences may also reflect differing severity of problems, personal responsibility for problems, social class, sex or age. PMID- 1237334 TI - Psychiatric aspects of hypertension. PMID- 1237336 TI - A note on inappropriate constancy-scaling and the Muller-Lyer illusion. PMID- 1237335 TI - A study of 65 impotent males. AB - Sixty-five patients primarily referred for erectile impotence were investigated. Information was obtained from patients and their partners. The demographic data are compared with those from a non-impotent psychiatric out-patient group, matched for age. Results indicate that impotent cases do not form a homogeneous population and can be classified into three fairly distinct groups. These groups differ in age, marital status, sex drive, pre-marital and post-marital relationships, duration of illness, etc. Group 1 develop impotence because of anxiety in sexual situations. Group 2 react to the sexual response and personality of their partners, while Group 3 decline, perhaps from inherent constitutional causes. Factors such as religious restrictions, sexual taboos, alcoholism and homosexuality do not appear to be of any aetiological importance. PMID- 1237337 TI - International dosimetry: an evaluation of treatment planning in clinical trials. AB - A tissue-equivalent phantom containing thermoluminescent dosimeters was mailed in succession to Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, England, to Groote Schuur Hospital, Capetown, South Africa, and to Winnipeg General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, to determine the accuracy and consistency in treatment for carcinoma of the cervix under hyperbaric oxygen conditions. (Protocol of the Medical Research Council's Working Party on Radiotherapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen.) The data were analysed by the Radiological Physics Center, Houston, Texas, and substantiate uniformity at and between the participating institutions. PMID- 1237338 TI - Urinary tract dilatation in pregnancy. AB - Two radiologists individually studied 220 intravenous urograms done during pregnancy in patients with apparently normal urinary tracts, and an observer agreement technique was used to obtain the results. The few cases seen in early pregnancy show that dilatation of the urinary tract is uncommon, or at least mild, before mid term. Shortly thereafter, however, dilatation appears abruptly and remains virtually unchanged both in incidence and degree until full term. After mid term, the right side is dilated in about three-quarters of cases and the left side in about one-third. In only 10 % was the left side fuller than the right; in 86%, the right side was the fuller. Severe dilatation is infrequent, especially on the left. The dilatation never extends into the pelvis. The abdominal ureters are displaced outwards in a minority of cases, more often on the left. Little or no association was found between the dilatation and fetal position, maternal gravidity or urinary infection. These statistically derived conclusions should provide a firmer basis for what constitutes the limits of normality in the intravenous urogram during pregnancy. PMID- 1237339 TI - In-vivo determination of error in the measurement of urethral pressure by the method of Brown and Wickham. AB - A method of determining the error caused by the infusion of water into the urethra during urethral wall pressure and urethral pressure profile measurements is described and discussed. The test is conducted in vivo and the measured pressure is related to the actual urethral wall pressure. The "intrinsic error" is found to be approximately 1-0 cm H2O for every ml/min of infusion rate. Incidental findings concerned with changes in urethral resistance are also reported. PMID- 1237340 TI - Fetal breathing. PMID- 1237341 TI - A unimodal deficit in operational thinking. PMID- 1237342 TI - Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of nigrostriatal or mesolimbic dopamine containing terminals and the drug-induced rotation of rats. PMID- 1237343 TI - Neurotrophic effect of spinal cord extract on membrane potentials of organ cultured mouse skeletal muscle. PMID- 1237344 TI - Calcium excretion and deposition during sporogenesis in Physarella oblonga. AB - Calcium excretion and deposition were studied during sporogenesis in the myxomycete, Physarella oblonga. Prior to fruiting, the migrating vegetative plasmodium contains numerous, large channels connected to the external environment. During early sporangial development, these channels become smaller and are isolated as channel remnants. Plasmodial microfilament bundles also disappear at this time. Internally, two types of spheres, each about 0.5-1.5 mum in diameter, are formed in the channel remnants. A dense sphere appears to originate from small particles initially secreted from the mitochondria. These particles then enter the channels and channel remnants by reverse pinocytosis and fuse to form the dense spheres. A second, less dense sphere has no detectable cytoplasmic origin but also appears to form in the channels and channel remnants. Both types of spheres are concentrated by the fusion of channel remnants to form enlarged regions (knots and spikes) of the developing capillitium. Some of the channel remnants also fuse with the outer surface of the sporangium, depositing both spheres to the outside. Both spheres have been studied by various light and electron microscopic techniques and with specific histochemical and analytical procedures. The less dense spheres appear to contain a major portion of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. These results are compared to other recent studies on calcium deposition in the Myxomycetes and a different mechanism for calcium deposition is proposed. PMID- 1237345 TI - Amino acid and protein metabolism during differentiation (sclerotization) of the myxomycete Physarum flavicomum. AB - Protein synthesized by growing plasmodia of Physarum flavicomum was steadily degraded when the plasmodia were induced to differentiate (form sclerotia). Protein synthesis occurred during the initial one-fifth (9 h) of the 48 h differentiation period, but most of this protein was also degraded shortly after its synthesis. Amino acids were primary catabolites during the differentiation process, and catabolism was extensive, even in the presence of dextrose. Glutamic acid was catabolized at a rate about two and a half or three times greater, respectively, than that observed for valine and arginine. Active transport systems for amino acids appeared to be present and to remain functional in P. flavicomum during differentiation. Amino acids included in the sclerotization media were rapidly accumulated into the cell pool and protein fractions. Intracellular amino acids were actively retained and were not released into the medium during differentiation. Differentiation of this Myxomycete, therefore, is characterized by a change in the metabolism of the sclerotizing plasmodium to an autolytic type, as cellular proteins and amino acids are actively catabolized during the formation of the dormant sclerotia. PMID- 1237346 TI - The preparation of some biochemically important aldehydes. PMID- 1237347 TI - Milk yield in lines of mice selected for growth or maternal ability. AB - Two experiments were conducted to measure milk yield as a correlated response to selection for increased 12-day litter weight (maternal lines) for 13 generations and increased and decreased body weight gain from 21 to 42 days of age (postweaning gain lines) for 12 to 14 generations. Milk yield was measured from day 6 to day 21 of lactation by separating litters from their dams for 6 h, then weighing litters before and after a 1.5 h suckling period. Average total milk production was 30.3 +/- 0.9 g and 28.6 +/- 1.1 g in maternal and control lines, respectively. This difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05). Differences among gain lines were significant (P less than 0.01) in the second experiment with average production of 44.1 +/- 1.4 g for increased gain lines, 22.5 +/- 0.9 g for the decreased gain line and 31.2 +/- 1.0 g for the control. These results indicated that response to selection for increased 12-day litter weight was not associated with increases in milk yield, but sizable changes inmilk yield accompanied bi-directional selection for early postweaning gain. PMID- 1237348 TI - Diagnosis before treatment. AB - The essence of a medical approach in psychiatry is the application of a structured diagnostic assessment. Treatment without diagnosis is a form of quackery. Psychiatric therapy, like any form of medical treatment, must be tailored to fit the individual patient. PMID- 1237349 TI - Primary malignant germinal tumors of the mediastinum. A study of 24 cases. AB - The malignant germinal tumors found in the testis (seminoma, teratocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mixtures of these) can originate in the anterior mediastinum. An occult testicular tumor must be sought, but primary mediastinal germinal tumors constitute a true entity. The details of 24 such patients treated at Walter Reed General Hospital are presented. Of 19 patients who died, 2 were women; postmortem examination of the testes of 13 men failed to reveal a primary tumor. Five patients are alive and well with no testicular abnormality. It is important to distinguish the histopathologic types. Seminomas are readily controlled with modest doses of irradiation. Embryonal carcinomas are also radiocurable with somewhat higher doses; 2 long-term disease-free survivors are reported. Teratocarcinomas are highly malignant and require higher doses for control. Choriocarcinomas progress so rapidly that chemotherapy is necessary. PMID- 1237350 TI - Intravascular angiomatosis: development and distinction from angiosarcoma. AB - Histologic features similar to those present in angiosarcomas were found in organizing thrombi. Within the thrombi, freely anastomosing small channels, often lined by one or more layers of prominent, occasionally atypical, endothelial cells were noted. Papillary-like projections of organizing thrombus material lined by similar cells heightened the similarity of the process to angiosarcomas. The papillary-like structures appeared to develop due to a combination of endothelialization of thrombus fragments and of ingrowth of interlacing vessels. The peculiar process of thrombus organization, which has been called "intravascular angiomatosis," may be mistaken for true angiosarcoma and thus lead to unnecessary irradiation or radical surgery. The pseudoangiosarcoma differed from angiosarcoma in its confinement entirely within large vascular lumens and in its lack of mitoses, necrosis, and true solid cellular areas devoid of vascular differentiation. PMID- 1237351 TI - Ultrastructural observations on (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan from fungal cell walls. PMID- 1237353 TI - The curse of the Pharaohs. PMID- 1237352 TI - Freeze-fracture replication of junctionsl complexes in unincubated and incubated chick embryos. AB - Junctional complexes have been investigated in the epiblast of young chick embryos by examination of freeze-fracture replicas and of sections of comparable specimens stained with lanthanum nitrate. By means of freeze-fracture, tight junctions were shown to be present in the unincubated embryo (stage 1 of Hamburger and Hamilton). The number of ridges or grooves was found to vary between 2 and 10 near the dorsal border, whereas isolated ridges were found more ventrally. Lanthanum was unable to penetrate between the cells in the region of the dorsally situated tight junctions. Similar tight junctions were found in incubated embryos (stage 3) examined by both techniques. Tight junctions were also seen in cleavage (pre-laying) embryos examined in section. Gap junctions were extremely uncommon in unincubated embryos, though occasional aggregates of gap junction particles were seen on the lateral cell membranes close to the dorsal surface. In only one instance were associated pits visible. By contrast, gap junctions were more frequently encountered by stage 3, and these junctions possessed both pits and particles. Desmosomes were never seen in the freeze fracture replicas at either stages 1 or 3, though structures which might be developing desmosomes were visible in sections. The functions of both the tight and gap junctions in the young chick embryo are discussed. The results are also considered in relation to recent theories about the way in which gap junctions are formed. PMID- 1237354 TI - Characterization of the DNA from the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii and implications for nuclear organization. AB - Although dinoflagellates are eucaryotes, they possess many bacterial nuclear traits. For this reason they are thought by some to be evolutionary intermediates. Dinoflagellates also possess some unusual nuclear traits not seen in either bacteria or higher eucaryotes, such as a very large number of identical appearing, permanently condensed chromosomes suggesting polyteny or polyploidy. We have studied the DNA of the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii with respect to DNA per cell, chromosome counts, and renaturation kinetics. The renaturation kinetic results tend to refute extreme polyteny and polyploidy as the mode of nuclear organization. This organism contains 55-60% repeated, interspersed DNA typical of higher eucaryotes. These results, along with the fact that dinoflagellate chromatin contains practically no basic protein, indicate that dinoflagellates may be organisms with a combination of both bacterial and eucaryotic traits. PMID- 1237356 TI - Changes in the basic nuclear proteins of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum during growth and differentiation. AB - Nuclei isolated from myxamoebae and differentiating cells (slug stage) of Dictyostelium discoideum contain similar ratios of DNA, RNA and protein (1:8:29) and acid soluble proteins present in amounts equal in weight to the nuclear DNA can be extracted therefrom. On urea polyacrylamide gels these basic proteins were shown to be very similar with the exception of one band, present in the myxamoebae, which was virtually absent from the differentiating cells. PMID- 1237355 TI - Properties of sea urchin embryo messenger RNA containing and lacking poly(A). AB - Various properties of nonhistone messenger RNA species containing poly(A), [+A]mRNA, and lacking poly(A), [-A]mRNA, are described: the rates of turnover of these mRNA classes are not significantly different, as indicated by their similar rates of entry into and decay from the cytoplasm; each mRNA class is essentially entirely transcribed from unique DNA sequences; the ratio of [+A] to [-A] nonhistone mRNA increases with increase in size of free polyribosome, although the average molecular weights of these mRNAs are similar in each polysomal size class. These results indicate that the [+A]mRNA species tend to be more fully loaded with ribosomes than the nonhistone [-A]mRNA species. PMID- 1237357 TI - [Evaluation of phenolic substances in Arctostaphylos uva ursi L. III. Hydroquinone determination in leaves during the vegetation period]. PMID- 1237358 TI - Distribution of cyclocytidine in tissues. PMID- 1237359 TI - Chemical structures of main extracellular polysaccharides of Alternaria solani and Fusarium solani. Studies on fungal polysaccharides. XVIII. PMID- 1237360 TI - The polysaccharide from Lampteromyces japonicus. PMID- 1237361 TI - Synthesis of compounds related to antitumor agents. II. Studies on the synthesis of oxazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives. PMID- 1237363 TI - Evaluation of Trinder's glucose oxidase method for measuring glucose in serum and urine. AB - Trinder's method for glucose has nearly all the attributes of an ideal automated colorimetric glucose oxidase procedure. The chemicals used in the color reaction with peroxidase are readily available, the solutions are stable and can be prepared by the user, the method is highly specific and largely free of interferences, the sensitivity can be adjusted by the user to cover a wide range of glucose concentrations, and the reagents are not hazardous. We found very good agreement between results by this method and by the hexokinase and Beckman Glucose Analyzer methods. The method has been modified and adapted to the AutoAnalyzer I and SMA 6/60 (Technicon) with manifolds that give very little interaction between specimens. A study of the method by the simplex technique revealed that the glucose oxidase activity in the reagent is the most critical variable. PMID- 1237362 TI - The role of single tyrosine and histidine residues in bovine neurophysin I. PMID- 1237364 TI - Enhancing effect of surfactant and protein on hydrolysis of thymolphthalein monophosphate by purified prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Purified prostatic acid phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of thymolphthalein monophosphate 10-fold faster if an optimal concentration of Brij 35 (a wetting agent) or protein (bovine serum albumin or human serum proteins) is present. Results of gel filtration, dialysis, and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation analysis suggest that the substrate must combine with detergent or protein before the enzyme can catalyze its hydrolysis. PMID- 1237365 TI - [Radio-immunoassay method for determination of parathyroid hormone. Use of a commercially available antiserum and an international standard (author's transl)]. AB - A radio-immunoassay method of parathyroid hormone in peripheral circulation is described utilizing both commercially available antibody and bovine PTH preparation for iodination. As a standard, the bovine PTH delivered from the Medical Research Council (MRC) is used. Antibody-bound hormone is separated from free hormone by solid phase immunoprecipitation. Good cross reactivity of this antiserum to human PTH is shown, but because of the lack of human standard, it is demonstrated, that results may be expressed in reference to the MRC bovine hormone. The coefficient of interassay variation is 12% and the detection limit is 300 pg/ml. In every healthy subject, immunoreactive PTH is detected: the normal distribution range (n equals 31) was 400 to 1800 pg/ml. Two hypoparathyroid patients have undetectable levels. There is a slight overlap between normal and those from hyperparathyroid patients. The present method gives results expressed in international units (MRC standard). The reliability of the PTH radio-immunoassay is dependent on the characteristics of the antiserum. This method provides a basis for the establishment of PTH values with the possibility of comparing results in health and disease. PMID- 1237366 TI - [Determination of HCG beta subunit and its characteristics]. PMID- 1237367 TI - [Determination of a alpha and beta subunits of HCG and its clinical significance]. PMID- 1237368 TI - [Chemical structure of HCG and its subunits]. PMID- 1237369 TI - [Effects of angiotensin II analogue (1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine-angiotensin II) in various types of hypertension]. PMID- 1237370 TI - [Changes in growth hormone secretion in various intracranial diseases]. PMID- 1237371 TI - [Pituitary-thyroid system in pregnant rats-TSH and thyroid hormones secretion during pregnancy]. PMID- 1237372 TI - [Hyperthyroidism in the aged]. PMID- 1237373 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of HCG and LH --with special reference to the relationship between values of LH measured by HCG-RIA and by LH-RIA kit]. PMID- 1237374 TI - [Thyroid gland function test by Contesorb-125]. PMID- 1237375 TI - Moral and ethical problems of pre-natal diagnosis. AB - The moral and ethical problems resulting from application of pre-natal diagnosis are identified: abortion, questions about euthanasia for defective newborns, and the concept of genetic health. A holistic approach to ethical problems is presented that includes attention to both principles and consequences. PMID- 1237376 TI - Intensive immunosuppression in patients with disseminated sclerosis. I. Clinical response. PMID- 1237378 TI - [Electroencephalogram of subjects over 90-years of age]. PMID- 1237377 TI - [Electrophysiological study in Bell's palsy]. PMID- 1237379 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1237380 TI - [Progressive supranuclear palsy: a case report and etiological study of eye movement disturbance]. PMID- 1237382 TI - [Endocrin and ophthalmic studies on myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 1237381 TI - [Analysis of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy with electroneuromyography]. PMID- 1237383 TI - Presidential address: continuing education for the neurosurgeon. PMID- 1237384 TI - Fish in the nation's diet. PMID- 1237385 TI - Design of acetylcholinesterase for its physical environment. PMID- 1237386 TI - Pre- and postnatal development of lactate and malate dehydrogenases in the marsupial Didelphis marsupialis virginiana. PMID- 1237388 TI - Editorial: PSRO and the Privacy Act: Progress in confidentiality guarantees. PMID- 1237387 TI - The relation between total cobalt and cobalt in vitamin B12 during the maturation of ovaries in slamon (Salmo salar). PMID- 1237390 TI - A clinic for hippies. PMID- 1237389 TI - Pet-facilitated psychotherapy in a hospital setting. PMID- 1237391 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of changes associated with microcyst formation in the myxamoebae of Physarum polycephalum. AB - Surface and internal changes associated with transition from myxamoebal to microcyst stages in Physarum polycephalum have been observed with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Nuclear morphology, granules studded with ribosomal-like particles, synthesis of polysaccharides which are deposited exterior to the cell, and origin of material for the cell wall appear to be similar in the amoeba and in the plasmodium. In addition, the viability of the strain used in this research after being allowed to remain in a quiescent or encysted stage was observed to be approximately six months. PMID- 1237392 TI - A case of limbic system dysfunction with hypersexualith and fugue state. AB - This paper describes a case of limbic dysfunction in a 28-year-old female veteran who presented with psychoses and sexual promiscuity. She had EEG abnormalities and showed dramaic improvement with anti-convulsant medication. Limbic system dysfunction in general may present as "functional psychoses." The literature is briefly reviewed. PMID- 1237393 TI - [Check-ups for malignant urologic tumors]. PMID- 1237394 TI - [Technic of splenoportography under experimental and clinical conditions]. PMID- 1237395 TI - Prolactin and growth hormone levels in different inbred strains of mice: patterns in association with estrous cycle, time of day, and perphenazine stimulation. AB - These experiments were designed to compare prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in strains of mice with varying incidences of mammary tumors. In addition to the basal levels, PRL concentrations were compared after stimulation with perphenazine. Although pituitary concentrations of PRL and pituitary serum concentrations of GH appeared to be generally higher in strains with high incidence of mammary tumors, basal PRL levels in single decapitate serum samples seemed to have little correlation with the incidence of mammary tumors in different strains. However, PRL concentrations in sera after perphenazine injection followed a pattern characteristic of the mammary tumor incidence rate of the strain: C3H/St and CBA/St--the two high-incidence strains--had lower levels of PRL; C57BL/St and BALB/cST--the two low-incidence strains--had higher levels; and DBA/2St--the medium-incidence strain--had an intermediate level. PRL contents of the pituitary glands were depleted virtually equally in all strains except the BALB/cSt. These results suggested that the rate of metabolism of PRL in strains with high incidence of mammary tumors may be faster than in those with low incidences. Perphenazine had no influence on GH secretion in most mice. The strain-specific differences in PRL and GH concentrations were usually present even during cyclical and diurnal fluctuations. Serum PRL and GH levels were generally higher during the follicular phase and lower during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle in both C3H/St and C57BL/St strains. There were signs of episodic secretion of PRL together with evidences of circadian periodicity in the secretion of PRL and GH in mice of both strains. The levels of GH were usually high during the morning hours of those of PRL high during the evening hours. The data show a high degree of specificity in the secretion of PRL and GH im mice of different inbred strains, and it is possible that these strain-specific differences may be an important factor in the development of mammary tumors. PMID- 1237396 TI - Electron microscopic-immunocytochemical studies of rat pituitary gonadotrophs: a sex difference in morphology and cytochemistry of LH cells. AB - Morphological criteria have been used by Kurosumi and Oota to distinguish follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from luteinizing hormone (LH) cells in the rat pituitary. In this study the techniques of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry were used to determine if these cell types could be distinguished on the basis of their LH content. In female rats in diestrus a 1:125,000 dilution of anti-bLH beta stained Kurosumi-Oota "LH cells," "FSH cells," and cells with some morphological characteristics of both types. Absorption with 10 ng of LH abolished the staining in all cell types. In pituitaries taken from rats in proestrus and estrus, the stained cells were mostly of the "LH" cell type. Such cells were generally poorly granulated in some of the estrous females. In males, predominantly one gonadotrophic cell type, the classical Kurosumi-Oota "FSH cell," reacted with anti-bLH-beta. Ten nanograms of LH was effective in abolishing the staining in the largest granules (larger than 400 nm). Both LH and TSH were equally effective in the neutralization of the staining of small granules. Our results suggest that female rats have two distinctive LH cell types and males have one. We also confirm other immunocytochemical reports which show that the classical morphological definition of a "FSH cell" (5,6) is not completely accurate since some of these cells contain LH. The small granules appear to contain an immunoreactive site common to both TSH and LH which is only weakly reactive with the anti-bLH-beta. PMID- 1237397 TI - Effects of polluted and non-polluted sediments on the growth of Gonyaulax tamarensis. AB - Cultures of Gonyaulax tamarensis were grown on Hastings medium based on 100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0% (control) of seawater elutrients of bottom sediments. Both "clean" and heavily polluted sediments were used. Very low concentrations of polluted elutrients (0.01% v/v) slightly enhanced the growth of Gonvaulax tamarensis; greater concentrations of polluted elutrient depressed growth. Elutrient from "clean" sediments did not enhance growth; the depression of growth at any given elutrient concentrate was not as great as that seen with the polluted elutrients. PMID- 1237398 TI - On the effect of iron-citrate on the growth of the Flordia red-tide organism, Gymnodinium breve. PMID- 1237399 TI - Suppressant effects of alcohol on audiogenic seizures. AB - Genetically seizure susceptible DBA/1/Bg mice fed 10% ethanol in their drinking water exhibited a marked diurnal variation in blood alcohol levels. At peak levels, sound-induced seizures were significantly reduced. At trough levels, seizures remained unaffected. Ethanol administered during early development enhanced seizures at post-weaning age. Such alcohol-augmented seizures were suppressed by ethanol feeding during the testing period, to the same base level as in animals not pretreated with ethanol in early life. PMID- 1237400 TI - Unconsciousness, automatisms, and myoclonic jerks with diffuse rhythmic 9-Hz discharges. AB - A 25-year-old man presented with seizures characterized by unconsciousness, automatic behavior, and myoclonic jerks lasting 0.5 to 8 sec. Videotape analysis of 300 simultaneously recorded electroencephalographic and clinical attacks revealed 8- to 9-Hz 150 to 200 muV sharp waves beginning in both medial temporal areas during eyelid flutters. When discharges spread diffusely on both sides and lasted 2 to 3 sec, 20 degrees forward flexion of the head, unconsciousness, pupil dilation, and staring became evident. Asymmetrical myoclonic jerks invariably appeared. When paroxysms were greater than 3 sec, automatisms and tonic posturing occurred. The electroencephalographic and clinical seizures appeared during the awake and relaxed states, i.e., with normal alpha rhythm. They were suppressed during physical and mental activities and during sleep, i.e., in the absence of alpha rhythm. Our studies suggest that these seizures associated with diffuse electroencephalographic alpha-like activities are subcortical in origin and should be tested in their responsivity to alpha suppressants and inducers. PMID- 1237401 TI - Synthesis of S-100 protein in monolayer cultures of rat-glial cells. PMID- 1237402 TI - Carboxymethylation of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase in the crystalline state. The active-site zinc region and general anion-binding site of the enzyme correlated in primary and teritiary structures. AB - Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (isozyme EE) in the crystalline state was alkylated with iodoacetate under conditions resulting in the single substitution of Cys-46, which is a ligand to the active-site zinc atom. Alkylation was facilitated by the prior formation of a complex with imidazole bound to the zinc atom. Extent and specificity of the reaction were determined by use of 14C labelled iodoacetate and by analyses of radioactive peptides after cleavage with trypsin. Ternary complexes of the enzyme with coenzymes and inhibitors effectively protected the protein against alkylation. ADP-ribose, Pt(CN)2-/4 , 1,10-phenanthroline, Au(CN)-/2 and AMP also prevented alkylation with decreasing effectiveness. Crystallographic studies of the alkylated enzyme show that the carboyxmethylated sulfur atom of Cys-46 is still liganded to the active-site zinc atom and that the iodide ion liberated during alkylation is bound as the fourth ligand to zinc, displacing imidazole. Crystallographic analyses were also performed of the binding of AMP and Pt(CN2-/4 to the enzyme. It was found that Arg-47 interacts with the phosphate moiety of the nucleotide. Lys-228 and Arg-47 interact in the platinate complex with the bulky anion, the center of which coincides with the position of the nucleotide phosphate. Some of the cyano ligands to platinum occupy a crevice between the coenzyme phosphate binding site and the active-site zinc atom. The results of the combined studies on primary and tertiary structures confirm previous suggestions that iodoacetate enters the active site via reversible binding to an anion-binding site. This site interacts with the negatively charged groups of the coenzyme as well as with ADP-ribose, Pt(CN2-/4 and to a lesser extent Au(CN)-/2 and AMP, which therefore prevent the reversible binding of iodoacetate. 1,10-Phenanthroline does not block the binding site but interferes with alkylation presumably by changing the coordination of zinc. Identificationof this labelled residue in both chemical and crystallographic studies correlates the primary and tertiary structures. Characterizations of the active-site zinc region and the general anion-binding site are also presented. PMID- 1237403 TI - Non-histone chromosomal proteins. Their isolation and role in determining specificity of transcription in vitro. AB - We describe a method for fractionation of chromatin components by selective dissociation with salt in buffers containing 5 M urea in combination with cromatography on hydroxyapatite at 4 degrees C. This results in two histone and four non-histone fractions which are recovered in high yield and with minimal proteolytic contamination. Template capacity measurements of the isolated chromatins and pre-saturation competition hybridization experiments support the idea that a group of non-histone proteins activate the transcription of specific DNA sequences which were not transcribed from purified DNA to the same extent. In reconstitution experiments a non-histone protein fraction, NH4, prepared from lymphocyte chromatin by hydroxyapatite chromatography is shown to cause transcription in vitro of lymphocyte-specific RNA sequences. A subfraction with a molecular weight of 30 000 comprising 40% of the NH4 fraction protein is characteristic for this tissue and not found in liver chromatin. PMID- 1237404 TI - Glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysyl residues in collagen in vitro by collagen glucosyltransferase. Inhibition by triple-helical conformation of the substrate. AB - Glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysyl residues in various collagen polypeptide chains and in small peptides prepared from collagen was studied in vitro using collagen glucosyltransferase purified about 200 to 500-fold from extract prepared from chick embryos. When various denatured polypeptide or peptide chains were compared as substrates for the enzyme, no significant differences were found between citrate-soluble collagens from normal or lathyritic rats and isolated alpha1 and alpha2 chains. In contrast, gelatinized insoluble calf skin collagen, and peptides prepared from collagen and having an average molecular weight of about 500 were clearly less effective substrates as judged from their Km and V values. A marked difference was found between native and heat-denatured citrate soluble collagen in that no synthesis of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine was observed with the native collagen when the reaction was studied at 30 degrees C with different times, enzyme concentrations, and substrate concentrations. When the reaction was studied as a function of temperature, little glucosylation of native collagen was observed below 37 degrees C, but there was a sharp transition in the rate of glucosylation of native collagen at temperatures above 37 degrees C, similar to that observable in the melting curve of collagen. The data suggest that triple-helical conformation of collagen prevents that glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysyl residues. PMID- 1237405 TI - Studies concerning the mechanism by which translational-control RNA regulates protein synthesis in embryonic muscle. AB - Muscle translational-control RNA (tcRNA) has been separated into two classes, polysomal and messenger ribonuclear protein (mRNA - protein), which have different sizes as determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. While normally translation of mRNA - protein mRNA is inhibited by tcRNA derived from the same mRNA - proteins, this inhibition does not occur if the messenger is previously de adenylated. This suggests that the poly(A) segment of mRNA is required for the tcRNA activity. Utilizing different mRNA - protein fractions from muscle, myosin mRNA - protein and small mRNA - proteins ( less than 30 S), we have been able to demonstrate that a degree of specificity exists in the interaction of tcRNA and mRNA derived from the same mRNA - proteins. This is illustrated by the facts that (a) each tcRNA only inhibits the translation of its respective mRNA and (b) the highest percentage of structural change occurs when each tcRNA is hybridized to its respective mRNA as measured by its resistance to T1 and T2 RNase. PMID- 1237406 TI - Two-stage occulsion of the protal vein in the rat:survival related to weight variation and the interval between partial and total occulusion. AB - A portal vein stenosis with a diameter of 1.1 mm was performed in female Wistar rats of four different weight groups. The mortality rate was found to increase with increasing weight of the animals, a near linear correlation between mortality rate and body weight being found. Severe circulatory disturbances of the small intestine with haemorrhage and necrosis of the bowel wall were a prominent finding at death. In the survivors total occulsion was carried out at varying times, from 48 h after the first operation, and the mortality rates were recorded. A major contributing cause of death appeared to be ischaemic infarction of the liver. Only a slight congestion of the duodenum was found and no circulatory disturbance of the small intestine. Thus by 48 h the porto-systemic collaterals are sifficiently developed to prevent subsequent venous congestion. The survival rates showed a significant increase when the time interval between partial and total occlusion was extended from 48 to 72 h. This may be due to an increased blood flow through the hepatic artery and collateral arteries to the liver. PMID- 1237407 TI - Primitive ventricle with acquired subpulmonary stenosis. AB - The course and natural history of two children aged 1 yr and 5 yr with primitive ventricle with outlet chamber and normally related great arteries are described. They initially presented as ventricular septal defect with increased pulmonary blood flow and subsequently developed 'cyanotic attacks', chronic cyanosis and diminished pulmonary flow by acquiring subpulmonary obstruction of the bulboventricular foramen. Both had successful surgical treatment utilizing their own normal pulmonary valves by connecting the right atrium to the right ventricular outflow, with a Dacron conduit in one, and in the other by detaching the pulmonary artery and valve from the rudimentary outflow chamber and anastomosing it directly to the right atrial appendage. Changing morphology and its effect on function are discussed. PMID- 1237408 TI - Penfluridol blockade of apomorphine: dependence of duration on species and endpoint. AB - Penfluridol, at relatively low doses, blocks apomorphine-elicited emesis in dogs and apomorphine-elicited floor pecking in pigeons for over a month. In mice tested for apomorphine-elicited hypothermia, and in rats tested for apomorphine elicited chewing behavior, however, the anti-apomorphine activity of penfluridol does not persist for longer than 2-3 days even when high doses of penfluridol are given. In rabbits tested for apomorphine-induced hyperthermia and gnawing, on the other hand, penfluridol blocks apomorphine for about a week. Thus, of the 5 species tested, only in rabbits does the duration of penfluridol's anti apomorphine action approximate the 1-week duration reported from human therapeutic trials. In mice given high-dose penfluridol apomorphine consistently elevates body temperatures, rather than exerts its usual hypothermic response. Conversely, in rabbits given penfluridol apomorphine tends slightly to decrease body temperatures, rather than exert its usual hyperthermic response. PMID- 1237409 TI - Dopaminergic nature of amphetamine-induced pecking in pigeons. AB - d-Amphetamine was found to induce a pecking response in pigeons. The pecking response induced by d-amphetamine was antagonized by chlorpromazine, haloperidol or bulbocapnine indicating that this pecking response was caused by dopaminergic receptor stimulation. Pretreatment of pigeons with alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha MT) reduced d-amphetamine-induced pecking, while the combined treatment of pigeons with alpha-MT and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, 100 mg/kg) partially restored the pecking response. d-Amphetamine-induced pecking was not reduced by a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, 1-phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea (U 14,624). Alpha-MT reduced brain dopamine but not norepinephrine level, whereas U 14,624 decreased brain norepinephrine but not dopamine. Thus there is a correlation between brain dopamine level and d-amphetamine-induced pecking response. It is concluded that d-amphetamine-induced pecking is mediated indirectly by the release of dopamine. PMID- 1237410 TI - Further evidence that extrinsic acetylcholine acts preferentially on extrajunctional receptors in the chick biventer cervicis muscle. AB - The specificity of action of extrinsic acetylcholine on extrajunctional and junctional receptors in the chick biventer cervicis muscle was studied by determining its ability to protect the responses evoked by acetylcholine and by tetanic nerve stimulation from the blockade by alpha-bungarotoxin, an irreversible binding agent of acetylcholine receptors. At concentrations of 50 100 mug/ml, acetylcholine caused a desensitization to extrinsic acetylcholine but not to nerve stimulation and protected only the contractile response to extrinsic acetylcholine from the toxin blockade whereas neither the response to tetanic nerve stimulation nor the endplate potentials were protected. For the protection of the latter, higher concentrations of acetylcholine were needed. In the presence of physostigmine, a concentration of acetylcholine as low as 10 mug/ml protected the endplate potentials from the toxin blockade. By contrast, d tubocurarine protected the tetanic contraction and the endplate potentials induced by nerve stimulation at a concentration which produced the same protection of acetylcholine-induced contraction as that produced by 50-100 mug/ml acetylcholine. These results indicate that in contrast to d-tubocurarine, extrinsic acetylcholine at low concentrations acts preferentially on the extrajunctional receptors in the absence of an anticholinesterase. PMID- 1237411 TI - In vitro Purkinje cell electrical behavior related to tissular environment. AB - Cerebellar explants from newborn rats and kittens were cultivated in Maximow assemblies. The spontaneous electrical activity of Purkinje cells was recorded simultaneously by means of 3 extracellular micropipettes. These were placed near to cell bodies which appeared in the same microscopic field. Identification of these neurons was performed by intracellular staining with Procion Yellow. Mature Purkinje cells which had been deprived of their extracerebellar afferent connections tend to fire in grouped discharges (bursts). No correlation was ever observed between the firing pattern of a Purkinje cell and that of its neighbors. Purkinje cells which grew in connection with extracerebellar nuclei showed comparable burst discharges. In these explants synchronization of the burst pattern was obvious from the statistical analysis of the simultaneous recordings. Discharges in bursts were not observed in immature Purkinje cells from young cultures, from cells situated in peripheral thin areas of older explants or from cells grown with an antimitotic (MAM). These cells showed a rather regular frequency of discharge. Synchronized slow waves occurred in cerebellar which grew in the presence of MAM. These "inhibitory" waves accompanied the arrest of cell activity and may have analogues in vitro. The observed differences in the spontaneous firing of these neurons were discussed on the basis of different synaptic organizations of the explants. PMID- 1237412 TI - Neuronal recognition and synaptogenesis. PMID- 1237413 TI - [Effect of caffeine and phenamin on caudate inhibition of aggressive reactions in cats]. AB - In chronic experiments conducted on cats it was shown that caffeine (10--30 mg/kg) failed to change agressive reactions developing in stimulation of the meso or diencephalic structures. Phenamine (1--3 mg/kg) facilitated the appearance of emotional manifestations and lowered the threshold of the agressive response. Subliminal stimulation of the caudate nucleus in control experiments caused motor tranquilization and depressed the agressive behaviour to a lesser degree when practised against the background of the caffeine action. At the same time, phenamine abolished the influence not only of the threshold, but also of the subliminal stimulation of the caudate nucleus on the spontaneous motor activity and the rage behaviour. PMID- 1237415 TI - Subfertility and varicocele. I. Venogram demonstration of anastomosis sites in subfertile men. PMID- 1237414 TI - Pituitary and gonadal hormones in patients with varicocele. PMID- 1237416 TI - Seminal fructose content in necrospermia. PMID- 1237417 TI - The effect of vaginal lubricants on sperm motility in vitro. AB - Apart from the documentation of the spermicidal effects of KY Jelly and Surgilube, little information about the effect of vaginal lubricants on sperm motility has been available. Fifteen substances utilizable as vaginal lubricants were therefore tested for their effect on sperm motility in vitro. Petroleum jelly and glycerin had minimal detrimental effects on motility and apparently are the lubricants of choice when an infertility problem exists. PMID- 1237418 TI - Anti-PP1Pk (anti-Tja) and habitual abortion. AB - Blood group incompatibility as a cause of early or habitual abortion has been a matter of much debate. However, the abortion rate in such cases is much higher than that found in the general population. Two sisters having the rare genotype pp and anti-PP1Pk (anti-Tja) in their serum were reported as having habitual abortions; a third sister, with a normal P group, had a normal obstetric history. The relationship of anti-PP1Pk (anti-Tja) to the high rate of habitual abortion was discussed and added support was given to the existing evidence that certain maternal blood group antibodies can affect embryos early in uterine life. PMID- 1237419 TI - Effect of acute delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment on serum luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels in adult female rats. PMID- 1237420 TI - [Studies of the relationship between renin secretion and the sympathetic nervous system responsiveness in man (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years many investigators have reported the role of the sympathetic nervous system and the catecholamines in the regulation of renin secretion. It has been recently reported that plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) excreted through the mechanism of the exocytosis with noradrenaline from the sympathetic postganglionic nervous endings is a mirror of the function of the sympathetic nervous system. In this investigation, blood pressure, urinary catecholamine excretion, plasma DBH activity and plasmsa renin activity (RPA) have been determined in normal individuals during the mecholyl test and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. In the mecholyl test, plasma DBH activity and PRA markedly increased in five males who showed prominent responses of systolic blood pressure to mecholyl (S type) and changed slightly in eight males who showed minimal responses of systolic blood pressure to mecholyl (N type). It showed that there was a significant relationship between the maximal percent increases from their respective control values of plasma DBH activity and those of PRA following mecholyl. In insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, plasma DBH activity, blood pressure and PRA remarkably increased following a large dose of insulin administration (0.15 u/kg). In a dose of 0.1 u/kg, there was no significant increase of plasma DBH activity and blood pressure. PRA singificantly increased but was lower than a large dose of insulin. Also, it showed that their was a significant relationship between maximal percent increases from their respective control values of plasma DBH activity and those of PRA following insulin administration. These data indicate a close correlation between changes in plasma DBH activity and those of PRA during mecholyl and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and lend additional support to the concept of sympathetic nervous system mechanism of renin secretion. PMID- 1237421 TI - [Serum immunoreactive insulin after the oral administration of single dose of tolbutamide. I. Peripheral vein immunoreactive insulin in normal subjects and mild diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - It has been confirmed in numerous studies that the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonyl-ureas is mainly owing to its insulinogenic action. Intravenous administrations of the drugs have been adopted in many of these studies. But the oral administrations of the drugs in a few studies lead to conflicting results concerning its insulinogenic action. In this study, the concentrations of blood glucose, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), serum free fatty acid (FFA) and serum tolbutamide were measured following the oral administration of single dose of tolbutamide in six normal and eleven maturity onset mild diabetic subjects. The same parameters were measured after the oral administration of tolbutamide plus sodium bicarbonate in six normal subjects. The changes of these parameters were compared with the changes following the intravenous administration of sodium tolbutamide in six normal subjects. The oral administration of three grams of tolbutamide alone caused a gradual but significant decrease of blood glucose level. Serum FFA response showed an initial decrease, followed by a rebound elevation. In spite of 21 per cent reduction of blood glucose level, serum IRI level did not show any significant change throughout the observation for five hours. Serum tolbutamide concentration rose gradually and reached to 24.4+/-3.9 mg per 100 ml (Mean+/-SEM) at the end of the observation. Almost identical results were obtained in diabetic subjects. Three grams of tolbutamide plus the same dose of sodium bicarbonate were administered orally to the normal subjects. A profound decrease of blood glucose level with a nadir (35 per cent reduction) at 45 minutes and a significant increase of serum IRI level with a peak (273 per cent increase) at 20 minutes were obtained, and associated with a comparatively rapid elevation of serum tolbutamide concentration reached to 31.9+/-3.3 mg per 100 ml after three hours. From these results, it is suggested that slow rise of serum tolbutamide concentration after the oral administration of tolbutamide alone might lead to moderate secretion of insulin and sooner rise might evoke larger secretion into the pancreatic vein, and that an existence of moderate hyperinsulinism in the pancreatic venous blood after the oral administration of tolbutamide alone might cause a decrease of gluconeogenesis in the liver. And the failure of serum IRI response in the peripheral blood in spite of hyperinsulinism in the pancreatic vein might be due to hepatic trapping of the secreted insulin. PMID- 1237422 TI - [Serum immunoreactive insulin after the oral administration of single dose of tolbutamide. II. Pancreatic vein immunoreactive insulin in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - The mode of action of sulfonylureas as hypoglycemic agent is not clarified yet. But it has been said in general to act by increasing the secretion of insulin from the beta cells. While, some believe that their effect is independent on insulin secretion. In the previous report, it was demonstrated that the oral administration of single dose of tolbutamide failed to increase immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in the peripheral vein in spite of significant decrease of blood glucose and free fatty acid levels both in normal and diabetic subjects. In order to observe changes of IRI level in the pancreatic vein following the oral administration of single dose of tolbutamide, the present study was carried out to determine serum IRI level of the pancreatic and peripheral vein in dogs. Mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing 7-12 kg were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A catheter was inserted into the superior pancreatico-duodenal vein through its duodenal branch after a laparotomy. Another catheter was inserted into the femoral vein for the collection of peripheral venous blood. The experiment was started one hour after the operation. Blood glucose level decreased gradually to 39 per cent reduction of the previous level at 180 minutes after intragastric administration of single dose of tolbutamide (0.1 g per kg). Serum IRI level in the peripheral vein showed only slight increase, similar to the response in man. While, pancreatic vein IRI level increased gradually and showed a fourfold increment after 180 minutes (from 143 muU per ml to 556 muU per ml), associated with a constant elevation of plasma tolbutamide concentration which showed 6.4 mg per 100 ml after 180 minutes. Simultaneous administration of 0.1 g per kg of tolbutamide and the same dose of sodium bicarbonate caused 49 per cent reduction of blood glucose level and a doubling of the basal IRI level in the peripheral vein. Serum IRI level in the pancreatic vein rose sharply and demonstrated a peak at 90 minutes (620 per cent increase). The elevation of plasma tolbutamide concentration was somewhat more rapid than that after tolbutamide alone. From these observations, it was confirmed that an apparent secretion of insulin into the pancreatic vein was induced by the oral administration of tolbutamide alone, in spite of the lack of increase in the peripheral vein IRI. And it is emphasized that the changes of insulin level in the pancreatic vein should be taken into account in a study of insulin dynamics. PMID- 1237423 TI - [Fungal flora in the feces of skin-healthy subjects and of patients with skin diseases, especially patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 1237424 TI - [Report on a case of self castration]. PMID- 1237425 TI - Iron-sulphur systems in some isolated multi-component oxidative enzymes. PMID- 1237426 TI - Optimization of tissue-culture conditions for differentiation of muscle from dissociated single cells. PMID- 1237427 TI - Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins and the inhibition of protein biosynthesis. PMID- 1237429 TI - DNA synthesis and the cell cycle in cultures of normal and mutant (mdg/mdg) embryonic mouse muscle cells. PMID- 1237428 TI - Effect of transition-state analogue complexes on trypsin susceptibility of creatine kinase. PMID- 1237430 TI - Blastoderm formation in artificially activated eggs of Pimpla turionellae (Hym.). PMID- 1237431 TI - In vitro synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA in the housefly ovary. PMID- 1237432 TI - The embryonic rat parietal yolk sac. Changes in the morphology and composition of its basement membrane during development. PMID- 1237433 TI - Phospholipid metabolism following fertilization in sea urchin eggs and embryos. PMID- 1237434 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of "lysosomal" hydrolases in yolk platelets isolated from unfertilized sea urchin eggs by zonal centrifugation. PMID- 1237435 TI - The effect of constant light from birth on the appearance of a diurnal rhythm in serotonin content in the rat epiphysis. PMID- 1237436 TI - Short-term treatment of alloxan-diabetic rats with intrajejunal administration of water-in-oil-in-water insulin emulsions. AB - Alloxan-diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 300 mg./100 ml. were treated with intrajejunal administration of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) insulin emulsions via an indwelling catheter at a dose of either 25 or 50 U./100 gm. body weight, three times daily for five to fourteen days. The course of diabetes was followed by determinations of glucose levels in blood and urine. During treatment a significant reduction in urinary glucose levels was observed in all rats studied. In two rats treated with 25 U./100 gm., fasting blood glucose levels did not change significantly. In four of five rats treated with 50 U./100 gm., W/O/W insulin emulsions significantly lessened hyperglycemia during treatment. Quantitative estimates suggested that the effectiveness of 50 U./100 gm. of intrajejunal W/O/W insulin emulsions was comparable to that after intramuscular regular insulin at doses between 1 and 2 U./100 gm. These results would indicate that diabetes can be controlled by enteral administration of insulin preparations. PMID- 1237437 TI - Diurnal changes of bile lipid concentration in hepatic bile of cholecystectomized man. AB - Diurnal variations of bile lipid concentration were studied in ten patients with a tube in the main bile duct following a cholecystectomy. 5-6 bile samples per 24 h were collected from each patient during 3-40 days. The enterohepatic cycle was not significantly modified since total bile samples did not exceed 40 ml/day. Significant diurnal variations were observed in cholesterol concentration. Changes in lecithin concentration seemed to be similar in seven patients but did not reach the level of significance in any individual patient. Maximal values were observed between 4 and 8 a.m. and minimal values at 4 p.m. Bile salt concentration varied without any circadian periodicity. Mean bile lipid concentration was calculated for each patient. The patients with highest cholesterol concentrations have also the highest mean lecithin concentration. Mean bile salt concentration does not differ much from one patient to another. PMID- 1237438 TI - Control of epidermal proliferative units (EPUs). An hypothesis based on the arrangement of neighbouring differentiated cells. PMID- 1237439 TI - Studies on maturation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. III. Energy production and requirements for protein synthesis. AB - The following results were obtained: 1) The oxygen comsumption of progesterone stimulated X. laevis oocytes increases at the time of germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown. 2) Continous treatment with 1 mM KCN, 1 mM and 0.1 mM DNP completely inhibits GV breakdown. 3) Pretreatment experiments with KCN, DNP and cycloheximide show that binding of progesterone to the plasma membrane and the specific hormone receptor requires neither energy, nor protein synthesis. 4) 1 h pulses of DNP (1mM) or cycloheximide (50 mug/ml) were applied, at various time intervals after progesterone treatment: early pulses strongly delay, but do not prevent GV breakdown; late pulses just before GV breakdown induce a number of cytological abnormalities, which ultimately lead to cytolysis. The significance of these results is discussed and the hypothesis that synthesis of the maturation producing factor (MPF) requires both energy and protein synthesis is proposed. PMID- 1237440 TI - The sorting-out of thymidine-labelled chick hypoblast cells in mixed epiblast- hypoblast aggregates. AB - Tritium-labelled disaggregated chick hypoblast cells were mixed with non-labelled epiblast cells and vice-versa. The mixtures were allowed to aggregate in a gyratory shaker and were transferred on to a solid culture medium for further incubation. The aggregates were fixed after various incubation times, sectioned and examined for sorting-out. There was already a tendency to sort out after 10 h of incubation, a process which was completed after 25 h. The hypoblast cells formed a continuous layer adjacent to the vitelline membrane, while the epiblast cells moved out to form the upper external layer. The position of the two layers was normal as far as the substrate and external environment are concerned, and reversed in relation to their relative position to the vitelline membrane. The hypoblast cells tended to migrate to the margins of the aggregate. The latter phenomenon seems to parallel the migration of hypoblast cells towards the extra embryonal area during the formation of the primitive streak. PMID- 1237441 TI - Removal of intact follicles from immature mice ovaries. AB - A method was devised with the purpose of preparing significant amounts of isolated intact follicles suitable for "in vitro" studies on the protein synthesis machinery of mammalian oocytes. Ovaries of immature mice(8-14-days old), free of annexes and surrounding fat are squashed gently on a wire screen placed over the rim of a centrifuge tube. This step is followed by washing the screen in a saline-gelatin solution which is centrifuged twice at low speed to separate intact follicles from smaller ovarian components. At the mentioned ages about 170-190 follicles of 80 mu in diameter are found in the ovary. 20% of this population comes out intact from the screen which means that 30 ovaries may yield about 1,000 free follicles. The samples were examined under the light microscope to check their homogeneity and in the electron microscope to see whether squashing introduced changes in the cell cytoplasm. No significant changes were observed. This method is therefore considered useful as a previous step to studying, at the molecular level, the metabolic phenomena related to oocyte growth and further differentiation. PMID- 1237442 TI - [A case of amniotic fluid embolism (author's transl)]. AB - A case of lethal amniotic fluid embolism is reported. The microscopic findings are documented and the patho-physiologic course of events is reconstructed. The unsuccessful treatment is compared with recommendations in the literature and critically evaluated. PMID- 1237443 TI - Weight gain and heterosis at different stages of development of the rat. AB - Diallel crosses among four highly inbred lines of rats were made in order to evaluate their combining ability at 10 day intervals during postnatal growth. Analyses were undertaken to consider the relative magnitudes of different components of variation, including a heterotic effect, over a long developmental period. A general analysis of variance for least square means of body weights indicated that postnatal growth was influenced greatly by the maternal lines and to a lesser extent by the paternal line. Heterosis was measured as a statistically significant difference in body weight gain at 10 day intervals between the hybrid and either the averaged mean of the parent lines or the mean of the largest parent line. Of the effects analyzed, heterosis accounted for a major part of body weight variability in both sexes between 30 and 100 days of age but reached much higher levels in male than in female progeny. The heterotic response was most pronounced during the rapid growth phase; that is, between the ages of 20 to 50 days. Although interesting specific exceptions were observed, heterotic responses generally became more pronounced with increasing age through 100 days. Evidence for differential heterosis associated with particular lines was present in male progeny at growth stages immediately preceding and following the phase of most rapid growth. Specific combining ability, however, was generally lacking. Analyses of specific matings indicated that heterosis, in the lines tested, is a variable phenomenon which may be dependent upon the degree of genetic divergence between inbred parent lines and the combining ability of the genotype involved. PMID- 1237444 TI - Carnosinase activity of human gastrointestinal mucosa. AB - Carnosinase, the dipeptidase which hydrolyses carnosine and other histidine containing dipeptides, was assayed in mucosal tissues of the human and of the rat gut. Kinetic properties of the intestinal enzyme were found to be similar to carnosinase of other animal tissues. Little or no activity was detected in human gastric or colonic mucosa, and the levels were lower in duodenal than jejunal mucosa. The distribution of carnosinase is similar to that of the disaccharidases. Mean carnosinase activity was 8-8 units/g weight in 15 patients with histologically normal mucosa compared with 5-7 units in five with villous atrophy. The enzyme levels increased with histological improvement of the mucosa in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet. Tolerance curves for carnosine and its constitutent amino acids showed malabsorption of the dipeptide in a patient with carnosinase deficiency. It is concluded that the intestinal mucosa has much less hydrolase activity for carnosine than for glycylglycine and other dipeptidases, and the relatively slow hydrolysis appears to be the rate limiting step in the total absorptive process. PMID- 1237445 TI - The value of hysterogram for the prognosis of endometrial cancer. PMID- 1237446 TI - [Thrombophlebitis following intravenous injection--an experimental study]. AB - Thrombophlebitis similar to that which is frequently observed following i.v. injection of irritative drugs in clinical treatment has been successfully reproduced in experimental animals by utilizing a newly devised technique. Thrombophlebitis at a high rate resulted within a few days by allowing the sample to remain in the sealed section of the V. retroauricularis in rabbits for 3 min after injection. The effects of several drug preparations on the thrombus as well as on the inflammation formed by means of this technique were examined, and the results were in good parallel with clinical cases reported in medical literature. Histopathologically, it was observed that each thrombus was formed by the irritative effect of drugs on the portion on the veneous wall damaged when needles had been inserted. PMID- 1237447 TI - [Effects of linoleic acid hydroperoxide on the formation of lipid peroxide in the rat liver mitochondria]. AB - An in vivo study was made on the effect of linoleic acid hydroperoxide on the formation of lipid peroxide in rat liver mitochondria, and results are as follows: There were no changes in contents of lipid peroxide and total sulfhydryl in rat liver mitochondria after daily administration of linoleic acid hydroperoxide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 or 7 days. Changes in the fatty acid composition in plasma and liver after i.p. administration of linoleic acid hydroperoxide for one week were not observed as compared to that of control animals. In addition, no appreciable change was found in the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol in liver mitochondria from rats treated with linoleic acid hydroperoxide. After treatment with linoleic acid hydroperoxide for 3 days, content of plasma triglycerides increased, but no effect was observed in liver triglycerides. However, plasma triglycerides returned to the control level and triglycerides in liver increased by treatment with linoleic acid hydroperoxide for one week. Free fatty acids decreased in plasma but not in the liver from rats treated with linoleic acid hydroperoxide for 3 or 7 days. PMID- 1237448 TI - [A study on drug dependence using fast acting drugs]. AB - Physical dependence on narcotics is induced in laboratory animals by intermittent parenteral administration (2 approximately 3 times daily). However, inducing of dependence on pethidine has been unsuccessful using the parenteral method. Recently, it has been reported that physical dependence on pethidine can be induced by continuous infusion methods (5.6). In the present experiment, pethidine was administered to rats (n=5 approximately 6) by ingestion of pethidine-admixed food preparations (0.5 approximately 4.0 mg/g of feed). The results indicated that (a) when rats are allowed free access to two food preparations (0.5 mg/g vs. 1 mg/g of food) for 7 weeks, spontaneous intake ratios of food (1 mg/g of food) gradually increased from 15% to 30% after 3 weeks. (b) Abrupt withdrawal for 48 hr after a 10 day administration period (2 mg/g of food on day 1 approximately 3 and 4 mg/g of food on day 4 approximately 10) resulted in a loss of body weight in the next 24 hr, and the prewithdrawal level of body weight was recovered in 48 hr. (c) The time course of body weight and food intake during the first 24 hr withdrawal period demonstrated the characteristic pattern of abstinence syndrome of pethidine, viz. early onset (12 approximately 13 hr) and rapid recovery (within 48 hr), as compared to morphine withdrawal. (d) Suppression of pethidine abstinence of both a single injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and substitution for morphine-admixed food was also realized. (e) When levallorphan (5 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered to both pethidine and morphine dependence rats, the maximal decrease in body weight was less than that in morphine dependent rats. These data indicate that pethidine possesses about one fifth the dependence liability of morphine and the maximal abstinence syndrome appears within 24 hr after withdrawal. Conclusively, application of a drug admixed food preparation in drug dependence tests in rats has proven to be a useful method, particularly in the case of pethidine-like drugs which rapidly disappear from the blood. PMID- 1237449 TI - [Application of animal mass psychology to pharmacology (XI). The role of light in the induction of convulsions in E1-mice]. AB - In preliminary experiments to investigate the influence of masking the eyes of E1 mice on the rate of non-convulsions (RNC), it was suggested that the quantity of light as well as visibility itself played a role in inducing convulsions. The following experiments were thus carried out: (a) Both TSC (the threshold of number of shakings required for induction of convulsions) and RNC increased remarkably on the 5th day after enucleation of bilateral eyeballs from E1-mice, but 15 days later recovery to control level was observed. Moreover, TSC and RNC at 2 p.m. increased considerably compared with the control, however, the increase was rarely observed at 10 a.m.. (b) 2 groups of E1-mice reared intact under radiation of light plus different time schedules were shaken at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., respectively. Consequently, TSC after radiation for 5 hours was less than that after radiation for 1 hour. When observed 9 hr after radiation, TSC could not be differentiated from TSC at 5 hr after the radiation. (c) E1-mice were reared under continuous lighting, continuous darkness or a normal lighting situation, after which TSC and RNC were examined. From our observations, the intensity of light appears to play a role in inducing convulsions. (d) When mice were shaken immediately after lighting, RNC decreased in inverse proportion to increase in the quantity of light. TSC was not influenced by the luminosity itself. One hour after lighting, however, the influence of lighting had disappeared. The intensity, quantity or irradiation time would not, however, influence the induction of E1-mice convulsions so much as the cognizance of light by the individual animals. Such a conception is derived from the "cognitive theory" in psychology. PMID- 1237450 TI - [Formation of sulfhemoglobin using various drugs]. AB - It is well known that aniline and hydroxylamine derivatives induce methemoglobinemia in humans as well as various animal species. It was noticed that sulfhemoglobinemia was induced by subchronic administration of N-(4 chlorophenyl)-beta-(4-hydroxymethylphenoxy)ethylurethane (HPU) to rabbits (p.o.), cats (i.p.) and mice (i.p.). Sulfhemoglobin (SHb) and methemoglobin (MHb) formation by various compounds structurally related to HPU were examined by a single and three consecutive intraperitoneal administrations to mice. It was found that by a single administration, methemoglobinemia was induced by phenylhydroxylamine (PHA), nitrobenzene (NB), aniline (A), 2-chloro-A (2-Cl-A), 3 Cl-A, 4-Cl-A, acetanilide (AA), phenacetin (PA), N-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylurethane (CPU), hydroxylamine (HA) and sodium nitrite (SN), and was not observed with phenylurethane, HPU, methylhydroxylamine (MHA), methylamine and nitromethane (NM). On the other hand, with sulfhamoglobinemia which appeared much more delayed than MHb, a single administration, was found to be induced by PHA, 3-Cl-A, 4-Cl A, PA, CPU, MHA and SN. Furthermore, with three consecutive administrations, such was induced by NB, 2-Cl-A, AA, HPU and NM even though SHb was not demonstrated with a single administration. Structure-SHb forming property relationship and mechanism for SHb formation are discussed. PMID- 1237451 TI - [Effects of 9-fluoro-11 beta, 21-dihydroxy-16 ampha-methylpregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20 dione (A41 304) and dexamethasone on the fetus of mice and rats]. AB - A41 304 at 400 mug/kg produced depression of body weight gains in the rat dams but did not increase the number of the fetuses with gross malformations. At 400 mug/kg of dexamethasone, body weight gains of the rat dams were markedly depressed and fetuses presented cleft palate and depression of the placental weight, body weight and crown-rump length. As for the influence of both drugs upon the fetal skeleton, ossification of the odontoid process and metatarsus was delayed and lumbar ribs increased. Dexamethasone at 400 mug/kg, in addition to these findings, caused prominently delayed ossification to the caudal vertebrae. When A41 304 at 1600 mug/kg and dexamethasone at 400 mug/kg were given to pregnant mice, cleft palate occurred with high incidences, but neither visceral abnormalities nor skeletal malformations attributable to the drug administration were observed. The critical period of cleft palate which was noted in the mice given A41 304 was day 11 through day 15 of pregnancy, mainly 11 approximately 13 of pregnancy. Cleft palate was seen in a dose-related manner in either A41 304 treated groups or dexamethasone-treated groups, but the incidence at the same dosage level was higher in dexamethasome-treated groups than in A41 304-treated groups. PMID- 1237452 TI - [Effects of drugs on cultured cells (III)]. AB - Toxicity of drugs cultured cell line (RK12-, EL-cell line) were exposed to various concentrations/ml medium for 48 hours and for 14 days. The morphologic changes of both cell lines observed included granulation and shrinkage of the cytoplasm, formation of long and narrow cytoplasmic projection, and appearance of giant like cells. ID50 values of ibuprofen, naproxen, Y-5544, diclofenac and aminopyrine to RK13 cell were found to be 130, 290, 200, 140 and greater than 500 mug/ml respectively. On the other hand, ID50 values of each drug to FL-cell were found to be 105, greater than 500, 180, 170 and less than 500 mug/ml respectively. Minimum concentration, cuased by the detachment of the cell from the vessel wall, was as follows: to RK13 were ibuprofen 125 approximately 250, paproxen 250 approximately 500, Y-5554 125 approximately 250, diclofenac 62.5 approximately 125, aminopyrine 1000 approximately 2000 each mug/ml. On the other hand, to FL-cell were ibuprofen 62.5 approximately 125, naproxen 125 approximately 250, Y-5554 62.5 approximately 125, DIClofenac 62.5 approximately and aminopyrine 1000 approximately 2000 each mug/ml respectively. PMID- 1237453 TI - [An electron microscopic study on the ultrastructural changes of autologous fascia lata implanted in the endocardium of the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237454 TI - Unusual serum protein components in rheumatoid arthritis and their relations to systemic vasculitis. PMID- 1237455 TI - [An electron microscope study on fine structure of endometrial stroma in human uterus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237456 TI - [Changes in the neuromuscular junction and striated muscle fiber following the administration of neostigmine methylsulfate in rats. A morphological observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237457 TI - [Synthesis of a [Glu5, Ala12, Ala18, Ala21]sheep insulin-A-chain by fragment condensation on a polymer support (author's transl)]. AB - The synthesis of a [Glu5, Ala12, Ala18,-Ala21]sheep insulin-A-chain by condensation of 5 fragments on a polymer support is described. The 5 fragments Boc-Gly-Ile-Val-Glu(gammaOBut)-Glu(gammaOBut) (V), Boc-Cys(SiPr) (IV), Boc- Cys(SiPr)-Ala-Gly-Val (III), Boc-Cys(SiPr)-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Leu (II) and Boc Glu(gammaOBut)-Ala--Tyr(Bzl)-Cys(SiPr)-N2H3 (I) were synthesized by conventional methods and coupled with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazol (II, III, IV, V) and by the azide method (I) with coupling yields of 60-98% on an Ala polymer. The failure sequence peptides were separated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and by chromatography on Biogel P4. The A-chain was obtained in 9% yield, which, after combinations with natural B-chain, gave insulin activities comparable to that obtained with natural A-chain. These results demonstrate that fragment condensation by the solid-phase method together with simple techniques for purification can be used for the synthesis of longer peptides. PMID- 1237458 TI - Problems concerning the biochemical action of superoxide dismutase (erythrocuprein). AB - The decay of the tetraperoxochromate- (V) complex (CrO83theta) was examined to study the substrate specificity of erythrocuprein (super-oxide dismutase). The decay of CrO83theta proved rather complex in aqueous solutions. Apart from the two known oxygen species O2theta and singlet oxygen (1 deltagO2), H2O2 and probably OH radicals were formed. No unequivocal evidence for the appearance of superoxide was obtained. The possible electron transfer from Cr5 to Fe3 (cytochrome c) was also discussed. In Tris buffer, pH 7.8, there were absolutely no signs of superoxide or OH radical formation. In fact, pulse radiolysis measurements employing a homogeneous OH source demonstrated that the Tris and OH radicals react with each other. One mol of H2O2 was generated from 1 mol of CrO83theta in Tris buffer. By contrast, only 0.5 mol H2O2 could be determined when the CrO83theta decay was carried out in 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, pH 7.8. The phenomenon of reducing oxidized cytochrome c could not fully be assigned to a superoxide-mediated reduction, since erythrocuprein was unable to inhibit this cytochrome c reduction efficiently. The energetic oxygen species (1deltag O2, OH etc.) appearing during the CrO83theta decay gave rise to a clearly detectable chemiluminescence. In this system, erythrocuprein was very active regardless of which buffer was used. Even in the absence of a chemiluminescent mediating agent, which might have interferred with the enzyme, erythrocuprein proved capable of inhibiting the CrO83theta-induced chemiluminescence in a rather specific way. No such specificity was seen in the presence of low molecular weight Cu-chelates including Cu(Tyr)2, Cu(Lys)2 and Cu(His)2. The ability to suppress chemiluminescence was approximately 3 orders of magnitude less pronounced than that of the native enzyme. It is presumed that erythrocuprein reacts with oxygen species other than the superoxide radical. PMID- 1237460 TI - PSROs- boon or bust for nursing? PMID- 1237461 TI - PSRO department: a critical hospital decision. PMID- 1237459 TI - [Partial synthesis and properties of des-A1-glycine-insulin (author's transl)]. AB - Des-Gly-A-chain-tetra-S-sulphonate was prepared by Edman degradation following two different routes. A) Via complete reaction of A-chain from bovine insulin with 150 equivalents of phenylisothiocyanate in pyridine/water and trifluoroacetic acid cleavage of the resulting phenylthiocarbamoyl A-chain. B) Via reaction of bovine insulin with about 20 equivalents of phenylisothiocyanate until a substitution degree of 2.3-2.5 was reached, trifluoroacetic acid cleavage of the crude derivatives and oxidative sulphitolysis of the resulting desaminoacyl insulins. Preparative electrophoresis (pH 2) or ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex gave des-Gly-A-chain in a yield of 60-65% of theory according to method B, containing less than 1% of glycine. Des-GlyA1 insulin was prepared by combination with 0.67 equivalents of B-chain-bis-S sulphonate and isolated in yields of 5-13%, based on B-chain, after gel filtration (pH 8) and ion exchange chromatography (CM-cellulose, pH 3-2). The electrophoretically (pH 2 and 8.6) homogeneous analogue did not crystallize in the presence of zinc ions. Its blood sugar lowering potency is 10-25%, its in vitro insulin activity (fat cell assay) only 1-2%. The immunoreactivity against anti-insulin sera in different test systems is markedly reduced. There are clear differences between the CD-spectra of des-Gly-insulin and insulin, indicating a loss of ordered secondary structure. From the results it is concluded that structure-stabilizing non covalent bonds are abolished by the removal of the invariant A1-glycine. This leads to conformational alterations which cause the far-going inactivation of the molecule. PMID- 1237462 TI - [Lip prints--variability and genetics (author's transl)]. AB - In a sample of 500 persons, including 76 families with 133 children, 22 mono- and 17 dizygote twins, lip prints were prepared for the study of variability and genetical basis of ridge-pattern in the region of mucous membrane lips. Taking 4 classes of pattern with different ridge-branching as a basis we observed more frequently branched pattern at the upper lip and mainly simple pattern at the lower lip. About 30% of the lip-prints showed whirling figures--at the upper lip simple and median, at the lower lip double and paramedian. Investigations during several months showed stability against environmental factors. The results of twins, families and mother(father)-child combinations proved a genetical basis of lip-prints. Applications of cheiloscopy to genetical investigations are reported. PMID- 1237463 TI - Genetic analysis of dermatoglyphic patterns in twins. AB - Analysis of variance was performed on 71 dermatoglyphic variables in 424 twin sets. Using a method of twin analysis estimates of genetic variance were obtained. 54 of the variables were quantitated using a scoring system with modifications of arch or no pattern = 0, loops = 1, whorl = 2. The results indicated a significant genetic influence in most pattern areas. Patterning was more genetically controlled in the hand than in the foot. The hallucal area had the most significant genetic component of the foot while the patterns in the thumb had nonsignificant components of genetic variance. The thumb deviated from patterning in the rest of the fingers and may be more closely related to big-toe patterning. PMID- 1237464 TI - Calf anticular cartilage in organ culture in a chemically defined medium. I. Autoradiographic study after [35S]sulfate labeling. AB - Articular cartilage from 5-month-old calves survived for 4 weeks in organ culture in a chemically defined medium. The viability was assessed by calculating the labeling frequency of chondrocytes on autoradiograms after [35S]sulfate labeling. The survival rate of chondrocytes was highest in 20% oxygen tension, whereas 50% oxygen resulted in chondrocyte death after 2 weeks. The survival rate was improved by using 1-mm thick standardized pieces of cartilage. The cells of the superficial layer showed a higher proportion of living chondrocytes than the cells in the deeper layers. No differentiation, dedifferentiation, or outgrowth of cells occurred during the experimental period. PMID- 1237466 TI - Rheumatic heart disease in women. PMID- 1237465 TI - Human testicular cultures. II. Sertoli cells. AB - Two cell types, one epitheloid and the other fibroblast-like, were found in human testicular cultures derived from testes of patients. Ultrastructural studies indicated that, whereas the epitheloid cells were Sertoli cells, the fibroblast like cells were fibroblasts. The Sertoli cells could maintain growth for a period of more than 4 months. In cultures derived from normal testes, only fibroblasts were observed. PMID- 1237467 TI - [Rabies vaccination with regards to its epidemiology (author's transl)]. AB - The increasing animal rabies infection in the Federal Republic of Germany and the growing risk for man - in 1974 two people died from rabies consequences although inoculated - shows the necessily to protect all bitten patients and those exposed to a risk of rabies by a well-timed prophylactic immunization. Unfortunately the HEMPT-vaccine used in this country up to the beginning of 1974 did not the requirements because of the low rate of circulating neutralizing antibodies and the numerous neurological complications associated with this vaccination. The now commonly used duck embryo rabies vaccine (DEV) also induces only low antibody titers, therefore the active immunization in uncertain. A new type of vaccine cultivated on human diploid cells (HDCS-vaccine) is currently being investigated upon but is due to produce quickly antirabies antibody still in incubation and should be put on the market if it has been sufficiently tested. The question of cost for pre-exposure vaccination for man to be carried by the state is discussed. PMID- 1237468 TI - Influence of birth weight on the severity of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO incompatibility. PMID- 1237469 TI - [The spectrogram of trace elements in newborns and infants]. AB - In 15 newborn infants and 34 sucklings the spectrogram of 25 cations in whole blood, serum and urine was determined by emission and atomic absorption spectrometry. The values ascertained by this method are tabulated and compared with the mean normal values of adults. Already known basic values are supplemented and the distribution patterns of not yet determined trace elements are demonstrated. Highly significant deviations from the normal values of adults were established in the whole blood of the newborn with regard to zinc, copper and chromium. The same differences became manifest when we compared materanal and infantile whole blood. In serum, on the contrary, no differences were observed. In urine, however, significant differences occured in numerous cations. The sucklings of the 1st trimenon showed highly significant deficits in manganese and copper values in whole blood. PMID- 1237470 TI - Tritium labeling of immunoglobulin with iodoacetic acid. PMID- 1237471 TI - Methadone-induced behavioral changes: circular movements, aggression, and electrophysiological aspects. AB - Behavioral changes are induced in animals by methadone administration. The dose dependent CM effect is present 2 to 3 minutes after methadone administration. This effect can be partially blocked by nalline. A Complete blockade occurs when the naline-reserpine combination is given prior to the administration of methadone. Atropine sulfate dose not block the CM effect. Methadone withdrawal produces mild symptoms of aggression, and they can be intensified by amphetamine and apomorphine. During the process of development of tolerance and addiction, electrophysiological changes are produced. These changes can be intensified by apomorphine treatment in the methadone-withdrawal animals. On the basis of pharmacological manipulation in our experimental conditions, the involvement of cerebral biogenic amines, especially dopamine, is proposed. PMID- 1237472 TI - Modification of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Isolation and identification of derivatives. AB - Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A was allowed to react with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH 8 and 4 degrees. After reduction with sodium borohydride, the principal products formed in the initial stages of modification were separated by successive chromatography on CM-cellulose and SP-Sephadex. The isolated derivatives were identified as Nalpha-(P-pyridoxyl)-Lys-1-,Nepsilon-(P-pyridoxyl) Lys-7-, and Nepsilon-(P-pyridoxyl)-Lys-41-ribonuclease A. These results are interpreted in terms of the specificity of pyridoxal-P as a protein reagent. PMID- 1237473 TI - Pituitary lactogenic hormone. XXXVII. Synthesis and properties of the carboxyl terminal cyclic undecapeptide. AB - The carboxyl terminal cyclic undecapeptide of the ovine prolactin molecule: Leu Asn-Cys-Arg-Ile-Ile-Tyr-Asn-Asn-Asn-Cys has been synthesized by the solid-phase method. The circular dichroism of the synthetic peptide has been investigated. It was also found that the cyclic undecapeptide does not have pigeon crop-sac stimulating activity, or immunological activity when tested by complement fixation experiments. PMID- 1237474 TI - Gaba blockade, dopamine and schizophrenia: experimental activation of the mesolimbic system. PMID- 1237475 TI - Disruption of behavior in cats by chronic amphetamine intoxication. PMID- 1237477 TI - Binding of retinol to isolated retinal pigment epithelium in the presence and absence of retinol-binding protein. AB - Isolated human and bovine pigment epithelium actively binds H3-retinol when vitamin A alcohol is present in the incubation medium bound to human retinol binding protein. Pigment epithelium is unable to bind retinol present in the incubation solution as the free form, i.e., not bound to its physiologic carrier protein. It is suggested that an interaction between retinol-binding protein and the membranes of pigment epithelial cells is essential for the active transport of retinol into pigment epithelium. PMID- 1237476 TI - First aid and general principles of treatment of urethral injuries accompanying pelvic fractures. AB - Adequate first aid and operation done in due time with participation of an urologist enables the successful primary repair of urethral injuries accompanying pelvic fractures. Suprapubic cystostomy, drainage of the pre- and subvesical space towards the perineum, splinting of the urethra with an ureteral catheter and ureteral or at least paraureteral sutures done through a perineal incision are the principal requirements. Avoidance of catheterization, but eventually emptying of the bladder through a suprapubic puncture in the preoperative period and treating the urethra with greatest gentleness in time of repair should prevent additional injury to the urethra, in most cases only partially torn. Further development shall lead to giving up the theory of two-stage operations of urethral injuries. PMID- 1237478 TI - Sheep milk-borne epidemic of tick-borne encephalitis in Slovakia. AB - A study of an outbreak of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in a natural focus of this infection at ZAvada village (Slovakia) led to the conclusion that apparently the epidemic was caused by consumption of fresh sheep cheese and infection of persons occurred by the alimentary route. To our knowledge, this is the first record of this source of infection in man. PMID- 1237479 TI - Case report. Foetal alcoholism. PMID- 1237480 TI - A family with pigeon fanciers disease. PMID- 1237481 TI - Typical Turner's syndrome with 45 XO karyotype and normal menstruation. Cytogenetic and histological findings. AB - The clinical, laboratory, histological and cytogenic findings in a patient with Turner's syndrome with normal menstruation are presented. Although the phenotype and karyotype were those of Turner's syndrome, normal sexual development and periods occurred at puberty. The endocrine studies revealed onyl a mild diabetic oral glucose tolerance test. At laparotomy, normal uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries were seen. Histological examination of the ovaries showed several primordial follicles and a follicle cyst. Tissue cultures of lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts and ovary revealed a single line of cells with the 45 XO karyotype. Although 25 cases of Turner's syndrome with normal sexual development have been reported, most of them were mosaics and only a small number showed the pure 45 XO karyotype. PMID- 1237482 TI - Evidence for the association of acyl transferases with the production of nuclear evaginations in maturing eggs of the fern Dryopteris filix-mas. AB - Utilizing the ability of free CoA to reduce ferricyanide, evidence is presented that acyl transferase activity is associated with the nuclear envelope in the maturing egg of the fern Dryopteris filix-mas. This activity is particularly marked in the nuclear evaginations. This strengthens the view that the evaginations are distinct structures formed by localized growth of the envelope, and not transient extensions of the nucleus. PMID- 1237483 TI - Rhinosporidiosis in a dog. PMID- 1237484 TI - Nodular panniculitis in the dog. AB - Nodular panniculitis, a granulomatous inflammatory disease of the subcutaneous fat, was diagnosed in 11 dogs. Clinically, the disease was characterized by development of subcutaneous nodules and intermittent fever and anorexia. Short term corticosteroid therapy was effective in 10 of the 11 dogs. PMID- 1237485 TI - Efficacy of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine in dogs. AB - Inactivated, nonadjuvanted tissue culture-origin rabies vaccine was tested in 168 dogs for its ability to provide protection against challenge of immunity 1 year after vaccination. Several laboratory methods were used concurrently to measure the potency of the vaccine. When used at full strength, the vaccine protected 70% of dogs after either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination schedule. When vaccine was diluted to contain less antigenic mass, the 1-dose schedule was not as effective as 2 doses. High serum-neutralizing antibody titers developed by 7 days after vaccination, but the titers declined rapidly thereafter. The US reference vaccine protected 28 of 30 dogs. PMID- 1237486 TI - L-threo-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid as an antibiotic amino acid. PMID- 1237487 TI - Preparation of 13C- and 3H-labeled cerulenin and biosynthesis with 13C-NMR. PMID- 1237488 TI - Renal artery stenosis secondary to essential thrombocythemia. PMID- 1237489 TI - Chemosensory responses of a protozoan are modified by antitubulins. AB - Modification of a behavioral response of a marine dinoflagellate to chemical cues is described. Negative response to choline was modified by the antitubulins vincristine, vinblastine, griseofulvin, and trifluralin, but not by colchicine. Positive responses to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine were unaffected by these drugs. PMID- 1237491 TI - Differential expression of alpha- and beta-globin genes during differentiation of cultured erythroleukemic cells. AB - Murine erythroleukemic cells induced to differentiate in vitro with dimethylsulfoxide provide a model for events involved in the regulated expression of the globin genes. Here we examine alpha- and beta-globin gene expression in such cells which contain no detectable globin RNA prior to induction. To quantitate alpha- and beta-globin RNAs in cellular RNA samples by molecular hybridization techniques, highly radioactive complementary DNAs were synthesized using mouse alpha- and beta-globin RNAs purified by formamide gel electrophoresis. Maximally induced erythroleukemic cells and mouse reticulocytes contain nearly equal relative amounts of alpha- and beta-globin RNA. During the period in which globin RNA accumulates in differentiating erythroleukemic cells, however, alpha- and beta-globin RNAs are not present in equivalent amounts. alphaRNA is present in substantial excess (alpha/beta ratio 3.7) early in induction, and the alpha/beta RNA ratio progressively approaches 1 as differentiation proceeds further. These observations directly suggest that the alpha- and beta-globin genes are differentially expressed during cellular differentiation and raise questions as to how relative expression of globin genes is controlled during normal development. PMID- 1237490 TI - Uptake of the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose by germinating mitospores of Allomyces macrogynus. AB - Mitospores or cysts of Allomyces macrogynus do not take up the glucose analogue 2 deoxyglucose. Uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by germlings begins at 25 min into germination, the start of the rhizoid stage, and increases in rate by approximately 50-fold until 100 min into germination. The rate remains constant from 100 to 200 min, at which time germination is completed and hyphal formation begins. The presence of glucose in the germination medium blocks the uptake of 2 deoxyglucose. Of the other sugars tested, only galactose had any effect on 2 deoxyglucose uptake. Actinomycin D treatment during germination in a glucose containing medium prevented the appearance of the uptake system, but actinomycin D was not effective after the transfer to a glucose-free medium. Cycloheximide treatment prevented the appearance of the uptake system if it was added at the time of the transfer to the glucose-free medium; it inhibited uptake only partially if the germlings were starved of glucose before its addition. It appears, therefore, that both ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination and protein synthesis after the removal of glucose are required for the uptake of 2 deoxyglucose. PMID- 1237492 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance titration curves of histidine ring protons. Conformational transition affecting three of the histidine residues of ribonuclease. AB - NMR titration curves are reported for the 4 histidine residues of ribonuclease A in sodium acetate and for ribonuclease S in sodium acetate, phosphate, and sulfate solutions. Evidence is presented that the imidazole side chain of histidine residue 48 undergoes a conformational change, probably also involving the carboxyl side chain of aspartic acid residue 14. This group is considered to be responsible for the low pH inflection with pKa 4.2 present in the NMR titration curve of the C-2 proton resonance of histidine 48. The NMR titration curves of the active site histidine residues 12 and 119 also exhibit inflections at low pH values, although there is no carboxyl group within 9 A of the imidazole side chain of histidine residue 12 in the structure of ribonuclease S determined by x-ray crystallography (Wyckoff, H. W., Tsernoglou, D., Hanson, A. W. Knox, J. R., Lee, B., and Richards, F. M. (1970) J. Biol. Chem. 245, 305-328). Curve fitting was carried out on 11 sets of NMR titration data using a model in which the 3 histidine residues 12, 119, and 48 are assumed to be affected by a common carboxyl group. The results obtained indicate that such a model with fewer parameters gives as good a representation of the data as the model in which each histidine residue is assumed to interact separately with a different carboxyl group. Therefore, it is concluded that the ionization of aspartic acid residue 14 is indirectly experienced by the active site histidine residues through the conformational change at histidine 48. A model assuming mutual interaction of the active site histidine residues does not account for the low pH inflections in these curves. PMID- 1237493 TI - Thromboresistance of glass after glow discharge treatment in argon. AB - Glow discharge treated (GDT) inorganic materials are sterile and free of all organic contaminants. Such materials implanted in the canine inferior vena cava often demonstrate significant thromboresistance. Standard Pyrex glass tubing was GDT in argon to provide a surface free energy above 70 dynes/cm, slight surface negativity, and other surface-physical modifications of its interface. Chromic acid cleaned lengths of the same tubing, and short segments whose edges were not fire-polished were used as controls. Upon canine implantation, the in vivo results were similar in independent surgical laboratories. The glass was implanted as 1.4 cm long rings or as 5 cm long tubes in separate medical centers according to different protocols. GDT specimens remained patent; all controls accumulated thrombi. A remarkably pure, low critical surface tension, labile protein coating covered all cylindrical lumens after 2 hr in vivo. This coating diminished within 2 weeks and was essentially absent after 480 days, eeven though scanning EM showed evidence of a micron thick luminal film, probably eroding glass. No emboli were found in the implant animal's kidney or lungs at any stage. PMID- 1237494 TI - N-dimethylaminomethylene derivatives for the gas-liquid chromatography of primary sulfonamides. AB - Dimethylformamide dialkylacetals have been found to react readily with primary sulfonamides to form N-dimethylaminomethylene derivatives. These compounds possess excellent gas-liquid chromatographic properties and can be conveniently prepared at the submicrogram level. Their retention times are much greater than those of other sulfonamide derivatives (e.g., N,N-dimethyl) but their ease of preparation and lack of absorptive properties make them attractive for gas-liquid chromatographic studies. The practical applicability of this derivatization approach to biological studies is illustrated by the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of 3-bromo-5-cyanobenzenesulfonamide in ovine blood using 3,5 dibromobenzenesulfonamide as the internal standard. The method has a detection limit of 25 ppb with electron capture detection. PMID- 1237495 TI - Separation and characterization of the reduced metabolites of the 18 hydroxydeoxycorticosterone hormone by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Occurrence of stereoisomeric forms in rat adrenals and liver. AB - In order to study the metabolism of 18-OH-11-deoxycorticosterone, the mineralocorticoid hormone responsible for hypertension in rats and humans, we have synthesized the following dihydrogenated and tetrahydrogenated reference derivatives: 18,21-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 18,21-dihydroxy-5beta pregnane-3,20-dione, 3alpha,18,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (I), 3beta,18,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (II), 3alpha,18,21-trihydroxy-5beta pregnan-20-one (III) and 3beta,18,21-trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (IV). A complete separation of these compounds from each other and from tetrahydrocorticosterone isomers has been realized only by the association of thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography on high-efficiency glass capillary columns. Characterization by gas-liquid chromatography-mas spectrometry is described. The stereoisomer distribution in rats is: adrenals of adult males and females (compounds I and II in the ratio 4:1); adrenals of 23-day-old males and females (compounds I, II and III, 11:11:3); liver of females (compound I and traces of III); and the liver of adult male (compounds II, III and IV, 4.5:4.5:1). PMID- 1237496 TI - A universal reagent for phospholipid analysis. AB - A simple procedure for preparing a stable stock reagent an working reagents for the detection and determination of phospholipids is proposed, and a simple, rapid and accurate thin-layer chromatographic technique is suggested. The results obtained for egg yolk phospholipids are presented as an example. PMID- 1237497 TI - High-speed liquid chromatograhic separation of glycerides, fatty acids and sterols. AB - The high-speed liquid chromatographic separation and detection of triglycerides, diglycerides, fatty acid and sterols was carried out to permit the analyses of total lipids from soybeans and soybean food. The study was conducted with a Varian Aerograph LC 1200 liquid chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. Linear-gradient, solvent-flow programming was used. Separation of the total lipids by the gradient was achieved in 30 minutes and the column prepared for the next analysis by washing with solvents. The detector response curves for authentic compounds were linear and equivalent to within 2.3% error, based on the response to 1-monopalmitin. The minimum detectable amounts of the authentic substances were between 0.1 and 1.4mug. When a three-stranded wire was used instead of single filament wire, the sensitivity was increased by 37%. PMID- 1237499 TI - Letter: Pentazocine in hospitalized patients. PMID- 1237500 TI - The message of psychotropic drug ads. PMID- 1237498 TI - Leucine. A possible regulator of protein turnover in muscle. AB - Incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into muscle proteins was studied in isolated rat hemidiaphragms. A mixture of three branched-chain amino acids (0.3 mM each) added to media containing glucose stimulated the incorporation of [14C]lysine into proteins. When tested separately, valine was ineffective, isoleucine was inhibitory, but 0.5 mM leucine increased the specific activity of muscle proteins during incubation with [14C]lysine or [14C]acetate in hemidiaphragms from fed or fasted rats incubated with or without insulin. Preincubation with 0.5 mM leucine increased the specific activity of muscle proteins during a subsequent 30- or 60-min incubation with [14C]lysine or [14C]pyruvate without leucine. Preincubation with other amino acids (glutamate, histidine, methionine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan) did not exert this effect. When hemidiaphragms were incubated with a mixture of amino acids at concentrations found in rat serum and a [14C]lysine tracer, the specific activity of muscle proteins increased when leucine in the medium was raised from 0.1 to 0.5 mM. Experiments with actinomycin D and cycloheximide suggested that neither RNA synthesis nor protein synthesis are required for the initiation of the leucine effect. Leucine was not effective when added after 1 h preincubation without leucine. The concentration of lysine in the tissue water of diaphragms decreased during incubation with 0.5 mM leucine in the presence or absence of cycloheximide, suggesting that leucine inhibited protein degradation. During incubation with [3h]tyrosine (0.35 mM) the addition of 0.5 mM leucine increased the specific activity of muscle proteins, while the specific activity of intracellular tyrosine remained constant and its concentration decreased, suggesting that leucine also promoted protein synthesis. The concentration of leucine in muscle cells or a compartment thereof may play a role in regulating the turnover of muscle proteins and influence the transition to negative nitrogen balance during fasting, uncontrolled diabetes, and the posttraumatic state. Leucine may play a pivotal role in the protein-sparing effect of amino aicds. PMID- 1237501 TI - Experimental Staphylococcal mastitis in the mouse. Histological, ultrastructural and bacteriological changes caused by a virulent strain of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 1237502 TI - Pathogenesis of bovine petechial fever. Latent infections, immunity, and tissue distribution of Cytocetes ondiri. PMID- 1237503 TI - Pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in the mouse caused by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus of low virulence and its modification by endotoxin. PMID- 1237504 TI - Histopathology of the adrenal glands in the fatty liver and kidney syndrome of chickens. PMID- 1237505 TI - Experimental production of osteoporosis in growing lambs by continuous dosing with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. PMID- 1237506 TI - Lipolytic activity with the membrane fraction of bovine skim milk. AB - Colloidal phosphate-free skim milk was subjected to gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. Lipolytic activity was observed in the membrane material eluted in the void volume fraction and in the protein fraction representing a broad range of molecular weights. PMID- 1237507 TI - Bovine vaginal circulation: changes during estrous cycle. AB - Vaginal thermal conductance was measured in 12 heifers and 7 cows with a gradient layer heat flow probe. Values rose for 4 to 5 days prior to day of behavioral estrus (day 0), with a peak on days --2 and --1, and then declined from day 0 to +5. Curves for heifers were higher than those for cows although there was no evidence that they were not parallel. Changes during the cycle appear to result from estrogen-induced alterations in blood flow rate in vaginal tissues. PMID- 1237508 TI - A cotwin control study and a twin study of reflection-impulsivity in children. PMID- 1237509 TI - Anorexia nervosa in a pair of identical twins. PMID- 1237510 TI - Correlation analysis. Its application to the structure-activity relationship of triazines inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 1237511 TI - Letter: Diphenyl phosphorazidate (DPPA) and diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC). Two new reagents for solid-phase peptide synthesis and their application to the synthesis of porcine motilin. PMID- 1237512 TI - Effects of feeding formaldehyde treated, full fat soybean flours on milk fat polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 1237513 TI - Continuous feed medication with thiabendazole for the removal of Hymenolepis nana, Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice. PMID- 1237514 TI - [The current state measles eradication programs in the German Democratic Republic]. AB - The analysis of epidemiology effectiveness of contrameasles immunoprophylaxis in the GDR. On the basis of the programme, scientifically established and planwise realized, of the measles control, this infection could have been practically liquidated as early as in 5 years when observing immunoprophylactic measures. PMID- 1237515 TI - Mechanical damage to rabbit tracheal epithelium from inhaling inert pyrite dust of needle - like structure. Part I. AB - The effect of pyrite dust inhalation on the ultrastructure of rabbit tracheal epithelium was studied as a model of mechanic damage of the epithelium from a chemically practically inert aerosol of needle-like structure. Rabbits were eposed to a mean pyrite dust concentration of 49.7 mg/m3 in a solid-aerosol inhalation chamber for intervals of 1/2,2 or 8 h. At each interval, tissue from three animals was examined. Dust particles were found to penetrate gradually into and affect epithelial cells but were not transported further by the cells or phagocytized. Dust particles especially cumulated in the secretory goblet cells. The ciliary border was also deranged and consequently the vital self-cleaning function of the respiratory passages epithelium was impaired. PMID- 1237516 TI - The problem of pathogenicity of Moraxellae in the urogenital tract of women. AB - The incidence of Moraxella nonliquefaciens an M. liquefaciens in the urogenital tract is relatively low. These microorganisms were detected in 0.77% of cases during the examination of a total of 3 761 women. M. nonliquefaciens was found in 26 out of 29 cases. The frequency of occurrence did not differ in the groups of healthy women, of women with inflammatory signs in the urogenital tract and of women with confirmed gonorrhoea. We therefore believe that these moraxellae do not play any pathogenetic role in this localization. In our opinion, the similarity of microscopic preparations and the shape of the colonies of these moraxellae with those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is noteworthy: unless glucose splitting test is carried out, the two species can frequently be confused. The test of sensitivity to antibiotics revealed a considerable decrease in sensitivity to penicillin G as compared with the report of Bovre and Henricksen (1967). Sensitivity to other antibiotics remained unchanged. PMID- 1237517 TI - Alveolar macrophage response to experimentally induced ornithosis. AB - Effects of two strains of the agent of ornithosis upon alveolar macrophages of mice were compared. Macrophages were obtained by lavages of the lower respiratory tract. Experimental mice were intranasally infected with 100 LD50 of strain P 89 and strain Stanglova, respectively. Up to the culmination of the disease (from 6th to 8th day in P 89 and from 5th to 8th day in Stanglova), the number of harvested macrophages increased. The phagocytic index soon reached values around 40% (P 89) and 25% (Stanglova). Basophilic and eosinophilic macrophages increased in volume and their nuclear as well as plasma membranes became disrupted. A tendency of alveolar macrophages to fuse and form syncytial elements and sporadically, rosets, was observed. All cells in the lavage went through the same changes. Histological examination has shown initial changes in epithelial cells of bronchi and development of pneumonia after fusion of peribronchial leucocytic infiltrates. By employing the above described technique, no great changes in the quality of the effects of either strain P 89 or Stanglova were found. A slight difference was observed only in the degree of alveolar macrophage stimulation and in the onset of symptoms. PMID- 1237518 TI - Electron microscopy study of the development of neurovaccinia virus in rabbit blood leucocyte cultures. AB - In electron microscopy of rabbit blood leucocytes cultured after infection with a large dose of neurovaccinia virus, virus particles can be observed within 24 hours in the cytoplasm of the monocytoid cells (monocytes and macrophages) and occasionally in the polymorphonuclear cells, but never in the lymphocytes. The morphology of the virus particles does not differ from the description of these particles in other types of host cells. The virus replication cycle in the monocytoid cells is slow and the virus matures asynchronously. Virus replication causes infected cells to disintegrate. PMID- 1237519 TI - Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in tissue sections by immunoperoxidase. AB - A triple-bridge, indirect, immunoperoxidase method for detecting and localizing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tissue sections is described. By this technique, a cell-surface localization of CEA in colonic carcinoma and ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma cells could be visualized. In the case of the colonic cancer, both the tumor from the descending colon and a metastasis to the skin gave positive peroxidase reactions for CEA. This immunocytochemical method for demonstrating the presence of CEA functioned in both frozen, ethanol-fixed and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, thus making it applicable for use with tissue sections conventionally prepared for light microscopy. PMID- 1237520 TI - Effect of a juvenile hormone analogue on phosphatase activity in pupae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. PMID- 1237521 TI - [Surgical management of ventricular septal defects associated with severe pulmonary hypertension. (1) Assessment of radical surgery with special reference to pulmonary artery banding in 185 cases]. PMID- 1237522 TI - [Hemodynamics during extracorporeal bypass]. PMID- 1237523 TI - [Distribution of the thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinum--studies on the methods of thymectomy]. PMID- 1237524 TI - [Localized bronchial stenosis associated with an aberrant systemic artery in the left lung, with special reference to its relationship to pulmonary sequestration]. PMID- 1237525 TI - [Prolonged postoperative hypoxemia--a clinical study]. PMID- 1237526 TI - [Complete atrioventricular block following open heart surgery]. PMID- 1237527 TI - [Clinicopathological and morphological studies of a single ventricle and total sinus septal defects]. PMID- 1237528 TI - [Surgical management of annulo-aortic ectasia with Bentall's method]. PMID- 1237529 TI - Aggressive object displays of captive baboons. PMID- 1237530 TI - The effect of u.v. irradiation of the vegetal pole of Xenopus laevis eggs on the presumptive primordial germ cells. AB - The initial effect of u.v. irradiation of the vegetal pole was to inhibit cleavage in the vegetal hemisphere although karyokinesis was not substantially affected. In this way a syncytium formed in the vegetal hemisphere which broke down into individual cells some time between morula and late blastula. The movement of the germ plasm from the peripheral cortical regions into the interior of the egg was not appreciably delayed although aggregation of the germ plasm did not take place until the individual presumptive primordial germ cells were formed when the syncytium broke down. The method of segregation of the germ plasm and formation of the presumptive primordial germ cells was therefore very different in irradiated embryos from the normal orderly processes which depend on normal cleavage patterns. After neurula, the number of presumptive primordial germ cells declined rapidly and at stage 43/44, when the genital ridges in normal embryos contain primordial germ cells, the genital ridges in irradiated embryos were sterile. These results raise the question whether derangement of the segregation of the presumptive primordial germ cells is solely responsible for the later abnormalities in the cell lineage or whether u.v. irradiation affects the germ plasm and therefore indirectly the germ cells. PMID- 1237531 TI - [The role of temperature in phenotypic expression of amphibian embryos Pleurodeles waltlii homozygous for the heat-sensitive mutation ac (caudal ascites)]. AB - 1. At the feeding stage (st. 38), a high percentage (79%) of Pleurodeles homozygous ac/ac larvae show bent tails after a persistent ascitic blister in the dorsal part of the fin, when embryonic development occurred at 12 degrees C; about only 25% of them are affected by abdominal and pericardic ascites; about 40% can feed and survive. The larval phenotype is very different when embryonic development occurred at 23 degrees C, in which case tail growth appears to be normal, but 95% larvae die, due to ascitic fluid collection in the abdominal and heart regions, marked anaemia and microcephaly. 2. The exchange of posterior neural plates and dorso-lateral epidermis between normal and mutant neurulae has shown that the localization of the blister in the dorsal fin is not dependent on autonomous properties of the mutant dorsal tissues, but should be considered as resulting from general disturbances in the mutatnt organism. 3. Experiments were performed, involving a temperature shift from 12 to 23 degrees PMID- 1237533 TI - In vitro differentiation of a homogeneous cell population--the epidermis of Xenopus laevis. AB - A simple culture technique is described for obtaining homogeneous populations of differentiating epidermal cells from adult amphibian skin. This population of cells continues its normal differentiation, namely keratinization, in vitro. By the third day of culture more than 99-9% of the cells in the population contain immunoreactive keratin. During the next 5-7 days of culture these cells synthesize increasing amounts of a tissue-specific keratin-like protein until this protein constitutes more than 25% of the total extractable carboxymethylated proteins of these cells. Under the conditions described cell division does not occur during the course of differentiation. When vitamin A is added to the culture medium the rate of keratinization is decreased; when its antagonist citral is added, keratinization is accelerated. These factors influence only the rate but not the direction of differentiation. PMID- 1237532 TI - The role of microtubules in chick blastoderm expansion--a quantitative study using colchicine. AB - Since their discovery, cytoplasmic microtubules have been much studied in the context of cell movement and cell shape change. Much of the work has used drugs, particularly colchicine and its relatives, which break down microtubules- the so called anti-tubulins. Colchicine and its relatives, which break down microtubules the so-called anti-tubulins. Colchicine inhibits the orientated movements of many cell types in vitro, and disrupts cell shape change in several morphogenetic situations. The investigatiion reported here used chick blastoderm expansion in New culture in an attempt to quantify the colchicine effect on orientated cell movement. However, although colchicine could halt blastoderm expansion entirely, a simple interpretation was not possible. (1) Colchicine at concentrations capable of blocking mitosis, and of disrupting all or most of the cytoplasmic microtubules of the cells studied, inhibited blastoderm expansion, often resulting in an overall retraction of the cell sheet. (2) Though blastoderm expansion does normally involve considerable cell proliferation, the colchicine effect could not be ascribed to a block on cell division since aminopterin, which stops cell division without affecting microtubules, did not inhibit expansion. (3) Blastoderm expansion is effected by the locomotion of a specialized band of edge cells at the blastoderm periphery. These are the only cells normally attached to the vitelline membrane - the substrate for expansion. When most of the blastoderm was excised, leaving the band of edge cells, and the cultures then treated with colchicine, expansion occurred normally. The colchicine effect on blastoderm expansion could not therefore be ascribed to a direct effect on the edge cells. (4) An alternative site of action of the drug is the remaining cells of the blastoderm. These normally become progressively flatter as expansion proceeds. If flattening in these cells is even partially dependent on their cytoplasmic microtubules, disruption of these microtubules might result in the inherent contractility of the cells resisting and eventually halting edge cell migration. That cell shape in these cells is dependent on microtubules was demonstrated by treating flat blastoderm fragments with colchicine. On incubation, the area occupied by these fragments decreased by 25-30% more than controls. The significance of these results in the general context of orientated cell movements and cell shape determination is discussed, with particular emphasis on the analogous system of Fundulus epiboly. PMID- 1237534 TI - Some physicochemical properties of pike fry rhabdovirus RNA. AB - Pike fry rhabdovirus (pfr) rna has been characterized as a single-stranded non segmented molecule of about 4 X 10(6) daltons. In sucrose gradients in 0-1 M-NaC1 it had a sedimentation coefficient of 40 to 45S, somewhat lower than that Of Semliki Forest virus RNA. The sedimentation velocity of the RNA is strongly influenced by the salt concentration and divalent cations. It shows a buoyant density of 1-65 g/ml in caesium sulphate. The base composition of the RNA is 21 6% G, 25-I% A, 22-4% C and 30-9% U. It is thus comparable to the RNAs of other rhabdoviruses. PMID- 1237535 TI - Influenza virus RNA-synthesizing complex in the nucleoplasm of infected cells. AB - An RNA-synthesizing complex was found in the nucleoplasm of fowl plague virus infected chicken fibroblast and Ehrlich tumour cells. The complex sedimented at 120 S and banded in caesium chloride at 1-39 to 1-41 g/ml. It contained an influenza nucleocapsid protein as a major protein constituent. The complex functioned late in infection, and RNA synthesis in it was resistant to actinomycin D, the properties expected of influenza virus replicative complex. PMID- 1237537 TI - Uptake of GABA by neuronal and nonneuronal cells in dispersed cell cultures of postnatal rat cerebellum. AB - A study was made of the time course and kinetics of [3H]GABA uptake by dispersed cell cultures of postnatal rat cerebellum with and without neuronal cells. The properties of GABA neurons were calculated from the biochemical difference between the two types of cultures. It was found that for any given concentration of [3H]GABA, or any time up to 20 min, GABA neurons in cultures 21 days in vitro had an average velocity of uptake several orders of magnitude greater than that of nonneuronal cells. In addition, the apparent Kmvalues for GABA neurons for high and low affinity uptake were 0.33 X 10(-6) M and 41.8 X 10(-4) M, respectively. For nonneuronal cells, the apparent Km for high affinity uptake was 0.29 X 10(-6) M. The apparent Vmax values for GABA neurons for high and low affinity uptake were 28.7 X 10(-6) mol/g DNA/min and 151.5 mmol/g DNA/min, respectively. For nonneuronal cells, the apparent Vmax for high affinity uptake was 0.06 X 10(-6) mol/g DNA/min. No low affinity uptake system for nonneuronal cells could be detected after correcting the data for binding and diffusion. By substituting the apparent kinetic constants in the Michaelis-Menten equation, it was determined that for GABA concentrations of 5 X 10(-9) M to 1 mM or higher over 99% of the GABA should be accumulated by GABA neurons, given equal access of all cells to the label. In addition, high affinity uptake of [3H]GABA by GABA neurons was completely blocked by treatment with 0.2 mM ouabain, whereas that by noneuronal cells was only slightly decreased. Most (75-85%) of the [3H]GABA (4.4 X 10(-6) M) uptake by both GABA neurons and nonneuronal cells was sodium and temperature dependent. PMID- 1237536 TI - Biosynthesis of catecholamines in organotypic cultures of peripheral autonomic nervous system: modifications by biopterin and other agents. AB - Organotypic cultures of chick-embryo sympathetic ganglion chains maintained in vitro for 3-4 weeks rapidly synthesized catecholamines, as demonstrated by the conversion of L-[U-14C]tyrosine to catechol derivatives and by histofluorescence assay. The biosynthesis of catechols from radioactive L-tyrosine leveled off at 6 hr of incubation and dropped slightly at 10 hr. The addition of DL-alpha-methyl-p tyrosine to the culture medium did not affect protein synthesis, but produced a complete block in the synthesis of catecholamines from L-tyrosine, with consequent loss of fluorescence in the bodies and proximal processes of adrenergic neurons in 2 hr, and essentially complete loss in 6 hr. Our observations suggest that a major portion of the catecholamines were synthesized in the perikarya and transported via neuronal processes to their terminals. The addition of monoamine oxidase inhibitors to the incubation medium produced a moderate to pronounced increase in fluorescence; reserpine caused a rapid and profound loss of catecholamines. When added to the culture medium, crude biopterin produced an increase in the synthesis of catechol derivatives from radioactive L-tyrosine and a marked increase in fluorescence, beginning in the neuronal perikarya. This effect was completely blocked by DL-alpha-methyl-p tyrosine. The mechanism of biopterin's action in the synthesis of catecholamines in cultures of sympathetic ganglia is not completely elucidated from these studies, but may be related to the role it plays as cofactor for tyrosine hydrocylase. PMID- 1237539 TI - Myelin deficiency in hereditary pituitary dwarfism: a biochemical and morphological study. AB - Myelin in the central nervous system of 19-day-old Snell's dwarf mice was studied morphologically and biochemically. The number of myelinated axons per unit area in the corticospinal tract and anterior commissure of dwarf mice was significantly decreased. The distribution of myelinated fibers based upon sheath thickness was normal. The yield of isolated myelin was decreased by 56% in the dwarf but its compositions of lipids, proteins, glycoproteins and 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity was nearly equivalent to that of control myelin. PMID- 1237538 TI - Monozygous twins discordant for multiple sclerosis. Report of one pair and discussion of possible causes of multiple sclerosis. AB - One pair of male monozygous twins was examined: only 1 twin had multiple sclerosis. Differences in the life histories of the twins were identified. Haematological, biochemical and microbiological studies were performed. It is possible in theory to determine which environmental factors may have been responsible for the development of multiple sclerosis in 1 twin. Several differences in life history were found in this study. PMID- 1237540 TI - [A case of ganglioneuroma--ultrastructural and biochemical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237542 TI - [The difference of bacterial distribution of tonsiller surface and parenchyma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237541 TI - [Responses of the lateral rectus muscle induced by electric stimulation to the vestibular and the abducens nerves, and their comparison with nystagmus in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237543 TI - [Clinical study on the righting responses--observation of the acceleration registrogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237544 TI - [Experimental studies on sequential changes of immunoglobulin rabbits after tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237545 TI - [Structure and function of the mucociliary system]. PMID- 1237546 TI - [The hearing of cerebral apoplectic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237547 TI - [Electrophysiological study on the vestibular neurons of the rat. I. Response to pendular rotational stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237548 TI - [Amidotrizoate therapy for sudden deafness (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237549 TI - [Three-dimensional observation on the vascular system of the cochlea with scanning electron microscope...especially focused on the modiolar vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237550 TI - [Histopathological study on the chronological change of human palatine tonsils (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237551 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs of maxillary neoplasms in relation to their staging]. PMID- 1237552 TI - Increased lead absorption and lead poisoning in young children. A statement by the Center for Disease Control. PMID- 1237553 TI - Editorial: Blood pressure. PMID- 1237554 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism--signs and symptoms in the newborn period. AB - Infants with athyrotic hypothyroidism usually manifest signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism prior to or during the period in the newborn nursery. These features are variable and include: prolonged gestation with large size at birth, large posterior fontanel, respiratory distress, hypothermia, peripheral cyanosis, hypoactivity, poor feeding, lag in onset of stooling, abdominal distension with vomiting, protracted icterus, and/or edema. Retrospective assessment of newborn nursery records of three infants from the Collaborative Perinatal Project who were subsequently found to have congenital hypothyroidism disclosed that they had six, eight, and nine, respectively, of these features while in the newborn nursery. Evaluation of newborn records on 12 other infants, often less complete, who were later found to have congenital hypothyroidism disclosed that each infant had from one to seven of these signs and symptoms, with an average of 3.2 per infant. Thus the most important period for clinical consideration of athyrotic hypothyroidism is in the newborn nursery to initiate early thyroid replacement therapy in affected infants. PMID- 1237555 TI - The status of infant mortality in Sweden and the United States. AB - A study was made of live birth rates, infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death rates, late fetal death ratios, and perinatal death ratios for Sweden and the United States for selected years, 1950-1973. Sweden has lower live birth rates, infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death rates, as well as lower perinatal death ratios. Data available on low-birth-weight live births for selected years, 1959 1970, for both countries indicated that rates in the United States were almost twice those in Sweden. Implications of these findings for the United States are discussed in light of the quantity, quality, and delivery of health care services, as well as of other factors in Sweden. PMID- 1237556 TI - The surface membrane of Leishmania. I. The effects of lectins on different stages of Leishmania braziliensis. AB - The infective stages of Leishmania braziliensis, amastigotes and promastigotes subcultured a limited number of times, were agglutinated by Ricinus communis agglutinin and Concanavalin A. These results suggest that terminal ligands similar or identical with alpha-D mannose, alpha-D glucose (specific receptors for Con A), and alpha-D galactose (specific receptor for RCA) are present in the surface membrane of L. braziliensis. Noninfective promastigotes from the same stock, but subcultured approximately 500 times, were not agglutinated by RCA suggesting either the absence of the alpha-D galactose groups in the surface membrane or their presence in a very reduced number. Agglutination with soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, or phytohemagglutinin P was not observed in any of the L. braziliensis forms tested. The difference in polysaccharide residues on the surface membrane of L. braziliensis may be related to the different pathogenic properties of the cell. PMID- 1237557 TI - [Reaction of beta-diketones with ketenethioacetals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237558 TI - [Physico-chemical property and gastrointestinal absorption of some solid phases to tetracycline (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237559 TI - [Studies on benzothiazoline derivatives. I. Syntheses of 2-aryl-3 methylbenzothiazolines and their oxidative ring-opening reactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237560 TI - [Physico-chemical studies of the mixed membrane composed of gelatin and chondroitin sulfate. II. Effect of chondroitin sulfate concentration and of complex formation on swelling (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237561 TI - [Metabolism of iodohistidine. I. A comparative studies on deiodination of mono- and diiodohistidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237562 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Enkianthus nudipes. IV. A new flavone glucoside from the stems (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237563 TI - [Studies on anti-inflammatory agents. XXVIII. Effects of 2-(5H-[1]benzopyrano [2,3-b]pyridin-7-yl)propionic acid (Y-8004) on local Shwartzman reaction and polymorphonuclear leucocyte lysosomes of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237564 TI - [The metabolism of drugs. LXXXV. The metabolism of 1-p-chlorophenyl-2,3-dimethyl 4-dimethylaminobutan-2-ol hydrochloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237565 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Epimedium. IV. Flavonoids of Epimedium gradiflorum Morr. (3) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237566 TI - [Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XVI. Effect of soft x irradiation on survival and body weight of mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237567 TI - [Synthesis of 2-hydroxytryptophol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237568 TI - [Studies on the constituents of liliaceae plants. IV. Analysis of the wax ester composition of some species of liliaceae plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237570 TI - [Studies on heterocylic compounds. XXV. Syntheses and antimicrobial activity of 3,4-diphenylfurfurylideneacetone and it's derivatives (3) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237569 TI - [Studies on the gelation reaction of Limulus lysate (pre-gel). III. Influences of various substances on the gelation reaction of Limulus lysate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237571 TI - [Properties of insoluble particles formed in aqueous solution of Dextran 40 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237572 TI - [Reaction of trialkylborane. II. The reaction of trialkylborane with aromatic nitro compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237573 TI - [Studies on Uncaria alkaloid. XXI. Separation of rhynchophylline and corynoxeine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237574 TI - [On constituents of coper-spurge seed (lathyridis seed). IV. The structure of ester L3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237575 TI - [On constituents of coper-spurge seed (lathyridis seed). V. Constituents of lathyridis seed oil (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237576 TI - [Pharmaceutical studies on physical properties of solid form drugs. III. Influence of tablet formula and tablet shape on distribution of boring hardness inside tablet (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237577 TI - [Quinoxalines. XIX. On the reaction of 2-(methylsulfonyl)quinoxaline with ketone in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of potassium cyanide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237578 TI - [Studies on the constituents of the leaves of Pieris japonica D. don. IV. The isolation and the structure of pieristoxin F, pieristoxin G and several toxic components (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237579 TI - [Quinoxalines. XX. On the reaction of 2-alkoxyquinoxalines with sodium amide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237580 TI - [Studies on mechanism of hyperglycemic action of 1-(p-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-2 imidazolidinone (CPSI) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237582 TI - [Fundamental studies on the evaluation of the crude drugs. IV. Quantitative analysis of constituents in the crude drugs by rod-thin-layer chromatography with FID. (1). Determination of glycyrrhizin in liquorice roots (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237583 TI - [Synthesis of naphthisoxazole derivatives. I. Synthesis of 4,5-dihydronaphth(2,1 d)isoxazole derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237581 TI - [Studies on mechanism of hyperglycemic action of 1-(p-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-2 imidazolidinone (CPSI). II. Influence of 1-(p-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-2 imidazolidinone (CPSI) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237584 TI - [Synthesis of methylenedioxy- and ethylenedioxycoumarin derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237586 TI - [Studies on 1-azabicyclo compounds. XXV. Synthesis of nine-membered ring aminolactams and related compounds from octahydropyrrolo(1,2-alpha)pyrazin-1-one (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237585 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Epimedium. V. Flavonoids of Epimedium grandiflorum Morr. (4) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237587 TI - [Studies on the alkaloids of papaveraceous plants. XXI. Alkaloids of Corydalis speciosa Maxim. (1). The isolation of the tertiary bases by the multi-buffered D.C.C.C. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237588 TI - [Preparation of 3alpha, 20alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-7-one O carboxymethyloxime: the haptenyl compound for the radioimmunoassay of pregnanediol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237589 TI - [Dehydrogenation of piperazine on palladium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237590 TI - [The heat binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate to nonionic polymers in aqueous media (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237591 TI - [Cohesion of particulate solids. IV. Flow property and cohesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237592 TI - [On the metabolites of Streptomyces luteoreticuli Kato et Arai. II. The structure of luteoreticulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237593 TI - [Effects of dissolution tester on the dissolution of drugs from pharmaceutical preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237594 TI - [Synthesis of pyrazolone-derivatives. XXV. Synthesis of thiopyrano(3,4 c)pyrazoles (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237595 TI - [Studies on heterocyclic compounds. XXVI. Preparation of 5-(3-pyridyl)-2 furaldehyde, 5-(3-quinolyl)-2-furaldehyde and these Schiff's bases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237596 TI - [Aminoethylation. II. Reactions of meso-cis-cyclohexenimine and its derivative with diethyl malonate. Synthesis of trans-octahydroindole (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237597 TI - [Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous system. III. Effect of theanine on spontaneous activity of mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237598 TI - [Metabolic fate of Eprazinone hydrochloride. I. Absorption, distribution, and excretion of Eprazinone hydrochloride in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237599 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of silver with thiothenoyltrifluoroacetone and 1, 10-phenanthroline (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237600 TI - [Synthesis of cyclooctane-1,5-dione derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237601 TI - [Studies on constituents of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. I. New flavonolignans named 2,3-dehydrosilymarin and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin]. PMID- 1237602 TI - [Pharmacological properties of 3,3-diphenyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid diethylaminoethyl ester derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237604 TI - [Metabolic fate of Eprazinone hydrochloride. III. Oxidative N-C cleavage of Eprazinone hydrochloride by a rat liver enzyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237603 TI - [Metabolic fate of Eprazinone hydrochloride. II. Metabolites of Eprazinone hydrochloride in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237605 TI - [Microassay for blood cholinesterase activity by fluorometric titration (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237606 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Lyonia ovalifolia Drude var. elliptica Hand. Mazz. XIX. Structure of triterpenoid glucoside, lyofolic acid. On the structure of lyofoligenic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237607 TI - [Mass spectra of dimethoxyindanones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237609 TI - [Synthetic studies on pyridoxine derivatives. I. Synthesis of 5-substituted-3-(2 methyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-4-pyridyl)methyl-4-methylthiazoline-2-thiones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237608 TI - [Physicochemical studies on the sedimentation state of suspension particles. III. Studies on the effect of sodium polyacrylate on the sedimentation state of pyrimidine penicilllin G (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237610 TI - [Formation of phenyl thiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate in the reaction of benzenediazonium sulfate, cupric ion and thiocyanate ion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237611 TI - [Studies on the gelation reaction of Limulus lysate (pre-gel). IV. Effect of alkaline earth metals and chelating agents on the gelation reaction of Limulus lysate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237613 TI - [On the Friedel-Crafts cyclization of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) phthalic acid and its related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237612 TI - [Pharmacological studies of aminoguanidines. I. Hypotensive and some general pharmacological actions of benzyl- and benzylidene-hydrazino-3,4,5,6 tetrahydropyrimidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237614 TI - [Studies on indole derivatives. XXV. Syntheses of indoxyl derivatives. (5). Reaction of 1-acetyl-3-indolinone with carbon disulfide and reaction of these products (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237615 TI - [Studies on fluorometric analysis of phenol derivatives. V. Fluorometric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237616 TI - [Studies on the constituents of flowers. III. On the components of flower of Wistaria floribunda DC (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237617 TI - [Polarographic behavior of thiobarbituric acid in aqueous solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237618 TI - Effects of narcotic agonists and antagonists on schedule-induced water and morphine ingestion. AB - A pattern of lever pressing and schedule-induced polydipsia was maintained in rats by a fixed-interval 90-second of food presentation. The effects of acute morphine, methadone, nalorphine, naloxone, pentazocine and cyclazocine were studied in control rats (morphine-free rats) and rats maintained on 200 mg/kg daily oral infections of morphine (morphine-maintained rats). The effects of morphine, nalorphine and naloxone also were studied in rats that were drinking a 0.5 mg/ml of morphine solution (morphine-drinking rats) in the experimental apparatus. All six drugs decreased drinking in the morphine-free rats. Pentazocine and naloxone increased lever-pressing rates in the morphine-free rats, while morphine, methadone, nalorphine and cyclazocine only decreased lever pressing rates. In the morphine-maintained rats, the dose-effect curves for both lever-pressing and drinking measures were shifted to the left for naloxone, nalorphine, pentazocine and cyclazocine, indicating an increased sensitivity to the antagonists, while the dose-effect curves for morphine and methadone were shifted to the right, indicating that the morphine-maintenance regimen had produced tolerance to these drugs. Morphine and methadone injections increased drinking in the morphone-maintained rats, but none of the drugs increased lever pressing rates in the morphine-maintained rats. In the morphine-drinking rats, morphine decreased lever pressing at doses that left licking rates unaffected. Since the effects of morphine in the morphine-drinking rats differed from those in the morphine-free rats or the morphine-maintained rats, the effects of morphine on the self-ingestion of morphine in the experimental setting cannot be attributed entirely to the schedule of pellet delivery or to the effect of chronic morphine dosing. PMID- 1237619 TI - Morphine dependence and in vivo turnover of acetylcholine in whole mouse brain. AB - Turnover rates of acetylcholine (ACh) were estimated in mouse brain after intravenous injection of phosphoryl(Me-14C)choline by applying principles of steady-state kinetics to the change with time of choline and ACh specific radioactivities. Turnover rate of brain ACh was estimated: 1) 45 minutes after a single injection of morphine (350 mumol/kg); 2) 3.5 days after implantation of a morphine pellet (250 mumol/pellet); 3) 15 minutes after 24 mumol/kg of naloxone to precipitate withdrawal in mice implanted with morphine pellets for 3.5 days; and 4) 15 minutes after 24 mumol/kg of naloxone. Brain ACh turnover rate was unchanged in mice that were given a single injection of morphine but was increased significantly in mice that had been made physically dependent upon morphine. During naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, the brain ACh turnover rate was found to be equal to that of mice treated only with naloxone. PMID- 1237620 TI - The role of the kidney in the inactivation of injected [125I]kallikrein. PMID- 1237621 TI - Morbidity and drugs in pregnancy: the influence of illness and drugs on the aetiology of congenital malformations. AB - In a prospective study involving 9,000 pregnant women, no cause-and-effect relationships have been established between morbidity recorded or drugs taken during early pregnancy and subsequent congenital malformations. The relationships that have been identified are largely explained by the influence of a history of a previous abnormal outcome of pregnancy (including abortion) and, to a lesser extent, by the influence of maternal anxiety on the diagnosis of doubtful malformations. It is also very unlikely that any drug in common use in 1964 had even a minor influence on congenital malformations recognisable in the first six weeks of life. PMID- 1237622 TI - Total unconjugated oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood during the oestrous cycle of the dog. AB - From the beginning of pro-oestrus to the end of metoestrus, daily peripheral blood samples were withdrawn from six bitches. Further samples were obtained during anoestrus. Oestrogen values rose from the onset of pro-oestrus to attain a peak value of 25-3 +/- 4-8 pg/ml on Day 1 of oestrus. Progesterone concentrations began to rise 2 days before the oestrogen peak, and reached their highest levels of 18-9 +/- 1-0 ng/ml 16 days after the end of oestrus. After oestrus, an oestrogen rise was detected which reached a peak at Day 18 of metoestrus. The duration of oestrus was unrelated to the length of time that oestrogen levels were raised, or the maximum values were attained. No significant oestrogen levels were detected during anoestrus. PMID- 1237623 TI - Confrontation enhances objectives in state agency unit. PMID- 1237624 TI - Effect of temperature on embryonic development and egg hatchability of the horse bot, Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae). PMID- 1237625 TI - Refinement of the structure of carp muscle calcium-binding parvalbumin by model building and difference Fourier analysis. PMID- 1237626 TI - Quantification of phase improvement in the tangent formula application to carp muscle calcium-binding protein. PMID- 1237627 TI - Terbium replacement of calcium in carp muscle calcium-binding parvalbumin: an x ray crystallographic study. PMID- 1237628 TI - The transcriptional organization of the ribosomal RNA genes in mouse L cells. PMID- 1237629 TI - Morphogenesis of the tail of bacteriophage lambda. III. Morphogenetic pathway. PMID- 1237630 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the unfolding of pancreatic ribonuclease. II. Unfolding by urea and guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 1237631 TI - A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. XIV. Effects of N'-nitrosonornicotine and N' nitrosonanabasine in rats. AB - N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) were synthesized and administered in drinking water to male Fischer rats for 30 weeks (total dose, 630 mg). 1,4-Dinitrosopiperazine (DNPI) served as the positive control. By 11 months, all surviving rats given NNN developed esophageal tumors (12/20); 1 had a pharyngeal tumor and 3 had invasive carcinomas originating in the nasal cavity. During the same time, only 1 of 20 rats given NAB developed esophageal tumors. Compared to the strong esophageal carcinogen DNPI, NNN was a moderately active and NAB a weak carcinogen. NNN (0.3-90 parts per million) in chewing tobacco was related to the observation that cancer of the oral cavity and esophagus in man was correlated with the chewing of tobacco. PMID- 1237633 TI - Crystalline-like surface charge array of murine macrophages and lymphocytes: visualization with cationized ferritin. PMID- 1237632 TI - delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol suppression of the primary immune response in rats. PMID- 1237634 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants isolated from hamster and canine cell lines persistently infected with Newcastle disease virus. AB - Evidence is presented which confirms that temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants with an RNA- phenotype are spontaneously selected in persistent infection of cell lines with Newcastle disease virus. Persistently infected BHK-21 cells, maintained since 1973, produce no interferon and are completely susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus. Persistent infection of a canine kidney cell line (MDCK) terminated with destruction of all cells at about 100 days. Even under these conditions, a high proportion (33%) of RNA- temperature-sensitive mutants was present in the virus population 60 days after the infection was initiated. PMID- 1237635 TI - Permanent nephrostomy via percutaneous puncture. AB - A technique to convert a standard temporary percutaneous nephrostomy to prolonged or permanent nephrostomy diversion with Foley catheters up to 16F in diameter is described herein. The method has been used for up to 22 months of drainage and is likely to be of principal benefit in the management of obstructive nephropathy in adults when the primary lesion is not readily amenable to repair. There have been no serious complications in our 4 cases. PMID- 1237636 TI - Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children. AB - Balanitis xerotica obiterans is a chronic inflammatory process in male subjects, resulting in sclerotic epithelial changes of the glans penis, prepuce and urethral meatus individually or collectively. Four pediatric cases are presented, including the first case of balanitis xerotica obiterans invloving the glans penis and urethral meatus in a child. This lesion may be misdiagnosed or ignored in the young boy. The suggested method of treatment is surgical extirpation of the lesion when possible, wedge meatotomy when needed and sublesional corticosteroids if the lesion cannot be completely excised. PMID- 1237637 TI - [The lymphocytes of the patients with hypoplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237638 TI - [Clinical studies on meningeal leukemia in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237639 TI - [An autopsied case of primary myelofibrosis with blastic proliferation terminating in ileus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237641 TI - [A case of Fanconi's anemia in an adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237640 TI - [A case of Castleman's lymphoma which gradually enlarged during 4 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237643 TI - [Classification of malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 1237642 TI - [A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unusual clinical course for a long term (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237644 TI - [HBs antigen detection by reversed passive hemagglutination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237645 TI - [Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis as a method for detection of HBs antigen and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237646 TI - [HBsAg subtypes in Kumamoto and Okinawa (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237647 TI - [A trial of subtyping hepatitis B antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237648 TI - [Association between Australia antigen and glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237649 TI - [Cellular immunity in acute and chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237650 TI - [Studies on HBs-Ag clustering families (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237651 TI - [Studies on the infection of HBV between mothers and children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237652 TI - [Ecology of HBsAg in an institution for the mentally retarded and muscular dystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237653 TI - [Transmission and prevention of hepatitis B antigen inhospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237654 TI - [Prevention of the posttransfusion hepatitis by a specific immunoglobulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237655 TI - [Comparative study of various fibrinogen determinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237657 TI - [The effects of air bubble and heparin to blood gas analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237656 TI - [Sodium and potassium concentrations in the red blood cells from healthy persons (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237658 TI - [Clinical studies on the changes of serum monoamine oxidase activities in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237659 TI - [Determination of urinary Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237660 TI - [Studies on the assay condition of serum guanase activity using the direct colorimetric determination of ammonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237661 TI - [Determination of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the myocardium of experimental animals by atomic absorption spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237662 TI - [Diagnosis of brain neoplasms by plain radiography]. PMID- 1237663 TI - [Diagnosis of supra-tentorial neoplasms by cerebral angiography--anatomical basis for diagnosis and clinical application]. PMID- 1237664 TI - [Radioisotope test for brain neoplasms]. PMID- 1237666 TI - [Indications for and progress of radiotherapy for brain neoplasms]. PMID- 1237665 TI - [Indications for and limitations of surgical management of brain neoplasms]. PMID- 1237667 TI - [Axial projection in cerebral angiography for aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery]. PMID- 1237669 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of splenic injury]. PMID- 1237668 TI - [Bile duct anomalies demonstrated by drip infusion cholangiography]. PMID- 1237671 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of bone neoplasms]. PMID- 1237672 TI - [Patient protection in the radiographic examination of head, neck and cranial nerves]. PMID- 1237670 TI - [Radioisotope scanning of neoplasms. 4. 67Ga scintigram of the chest]. PMID- 1237673 TI - [Effect of odor on the human body. New development of human olfactmeter and changes in physiological functions due to odor exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237674 TI - [The psychophysical values of rating words to environmental noise (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237675 TI - [Fundamental studies on the movement of cadmium in animals and human beings (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237676 TI - [Measuring of man at visual inspection task with psychophysiological responses (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237677 TI - [Lung retention of metallic fumes. (I) The inhalation apparatus of metallic fume for rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237678 TI - [Experimental studies on porphyrin metabolism in heavy metal poisoning. (I) Studies on the urinary excretion of porphyrin and its precusor in experimental lead poisoned rats related to the dose response (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237679 TI - [Experimental studies on porphyrin metabolism in various heavy metal poisoning. (II). Effect of lead, mercury and arsenic compounds on delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237680 TI - [Connective tissue and aging. (1) Changes of intracellular matrix by age]. PMID- 1237681 TI - [Connective tissue and aging. (2) Glycosylation of collagen and aging]. PMID- 1237683 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of arteriosclerosis in the aged. (1) Studies on atherosclerosis and dilatation of the aorta]. PMID- 1237682 TI - [Connective tissue and aging. (5) Changes of collagen fibers of the dermis with aging]. PMID- 1237684 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of arteriosclerosis in the aged. (2) Sclerosis of small arteries of the kidney]. PMID- 1237685 TI - [Statistical study of the axillary temperature of the aged]. PMID- 1237686 TI - [Urinary tract infections among the aged--clinical and bacteriological study of urinary tract infections among the subjects in nursing homes]. PMID- 1237687 TI - [Psychiatric problems of cerebrovascular diseases in the aged--psychiatric prognosis and differences in psychiatric manifestations related to the laterality of paralysis]. PMID- 1237688 TI - [Studies on arteriosclerosis in vitamin B6 deficient spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)]. PMID- 1237689 TI - [Effects of vitamin B6 on L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase in the organs of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 1237690 TI - [A new lipoprotein electrophoresis by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)]. PMID- 1237691 TI - A counting method of maximum likelihood for estimating haplotype frequency in the HL-A system. PMID- 1237692 TI - [Recent trend in quantitative EEG analysis]. PMID- 1237693 TI - [Current topics on respiration physiology--obstruction of peripheral airways and its detection]. PMID- 1237694 TI - [Non-invasive diagnostic methods for circulatory diseases--their present and future]. PMID- 1237695 TI - [Automatic diagnosis of cardiac shadows in x-ray films using polynomial model]. PMID- 1237696 TI - [New multi-purpose analog system for the analysis of the vectorcardiogram]. PMID- 1237697 TI - [Experimental study on safety of medical equipments--theoretical treatment of the threshold and frequency characteristics of electric shock]. PMID- 1237698 TI - [Medical electronics in anesthesiology]. PMID- 1237700 TI - [Editorial: Pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 1237699 TI - A new piperazinobiguanide series effective against Syphacia obvelata in mice. PMID- 1237701 TI - [Diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 1237702 TI - [Standard ventilatory function level of Japanese]. PMID- 1237703 TI - [Effects of long-term exposure to a low concentration of sulfur dioxide on the mouse respiratory organs 1. Light microscopic observations]. PMID- 1237704 TI - [A case of bronchogenic cyst of the diaphragm, discovered by chest x-ray mass survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237705 TI - [Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis--follow-up studies and immunologic analysis]. PMID- 1237706 TI - [Aortic coarctation]. PMID- 1237707 TI - [3 cases of cor triatriatum -- preoperative diagnosis and surgical management]. PMID- 1237708 TI - [Successful management of idiopathic hemopneumothorax causing hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 1237709 TI - [Effects of polyester filter (40 microns) on extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1237710 TI - [Follow-up studies of heart valve transplantation]. PMID- 1237711 TI - [Emergency surgery in 2 cases of pulmonary cysts in newborn infants]. PMID- 1237712 TI - [Case of giant tumor of the posterior thoracic wall]. PMID- 1237713 TI - [Rupture of aortic aneurysm of the Valsalva's sinus into the right atrium -- a surgical case]. PMID- 1237714 TI - [Repair of fractured pacemaker electrodes]. PMID- 1237715 TI - [Surgical management of lung cancer--an evaluation of combined resection of the lung with the adjacent organs]. PMID- 1237716 TI - [Selection of methods for pacemaker implantation and postsurgical complications]. PMID- 1237717 TI - [Complications following pacemaker implantation and their prevention]. PMID- 1237718 TI - [Complications following pacemaker implantation--with special reference to spasms of the diaphragm and thoracic wall muscles]. PMID- 1237719 TI - [Complications following pacemaker implantation--their diagnosis and prevention]. PMID- 1237720 TI - [Corrected transposition of great vessels--surgical anatomy of pulmonary artery outflow tract]. PMID- 1237721 TI - [Tricuspid annuloplasty--surgical evaluation and postoperative hemodynamics]. PMID- 1237722 TI - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]. PMID- 1237723 TI - [Traumatic pericardial diaphragmatic hernia--a case report]. PMID- 1237724 TI - [Role of the liver in changes of acid-base balance and lipid metabolism during the open heart surgery with simple (surface cooling) hypothermia]. PMID- 1237725 TI - [Use of dopamine following open heart surgery]. PMID- 1237726 TI - [Follow-up studies of heart velve prosthetic replacement--evaluation of patients surviving over 10 years and UCG diagnosis of valve dysfunction]. PMID- 1237727 TI - [Phrenic nerve palsy following shunt operation in young children and newborn infants]. PMID- 1237728 TI - [Cardiac surgery at Mayo Clinic]. PMID- 1237729 TI - [Malignant endotracheal lymphoma]. PMID- 1237730 TI - [Successful surgical repair in a case of idiopathic esophageal rupture]. PMID- 1237731 TI - [Complications following pacemaker implantation and their management]. PMID- 1237732 TI - [Complications following pacemaker implantation and their management--with special reference to exit block caused by the increase of myocardial threshold]. PMID- 1237733 TI - [Idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular stenosis]. PMID- 1237734 TI - [An experimental pathological study of the regenerative activity on the mucosal epithelium of the urinary bladder--with special reference to the autoradiographic and electron microscopic observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237735 TI - [Studies on action potentials of the upper urinary tract. IV. The effects of complete transection of the ureter and its recommunication between upper and ureteral orifice using a vinyl catheter upon the action potentials and intraluminal pressure of the ureter in mongrel dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237736 TI - [Resection of the vena cava for renal cell carcinoma: experimental studies on renoportal venous anastomosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237738 TI - [Suitable doses of coagulant on retropublic prostatectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237737 TI - [Studies on the urinary tract substitution: long-term observations on 107 cases of colocystoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237739 TI - Significance of T-mycoplasmas in enzootic calf pneumonia. PMID- 1237740 TI - [Pharmacological studies on doping drugs for race horses. IV. Chlorpromazine and phenobarbital (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237741 TI - [Pathological studies on the ectopic migration of Dirofilaria immitis in the brain of dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237742 TI - The effect of bilateral ligation of the parotid duct on phosphorus, sodium and potassium metabolism and acid-base balance in the goat. PMID- 1237743 TI - [Studies on the growth temperature of psychrotrophic bacteria: growth at various incubation temperatures of psychotrophic Pseudomonas originated from raw milk and raw meat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237744 TI - Quantitative studies on immunoglobulins and transferrin in equine serum. PMID- 1237745 TI - Migration layers of the developing cerebellum in the fowl. PMID- 1237746 TI - Studies on feline haemobartonellosis. III. Scanning electron microscopy of Haemobartonella felis. PMID- 1237747 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from some animals and meats. PMID- 1237748 TI - The faith that heals. PMID- 1237749 TI - [Central serous choroidoretinopathy]. PMID- 1237750 TI - [Photocoagulation in the treatment of central retinal changes]. PMID- 1237751 TI - [Traumatic maculopathy]. PMID- 1237752 TI - [Neuromotor follow-up of premature infants with lowbirth-weight (author's transl)]. AB - In the years 1971-1972 53 premature babies weighing between 1000-1500 g survived in the special department of the Linz hospital ward for premature children i.e. 45.5%. Their postnatal management and neurophysiologic follow-up are reported. 20 children were "normal", 38% had slight, 20% more pronounced developmental delay. In 81.4% there were in addition minimal disturbances of movement. 2 had severe spastic tetraplegia. The study of these data indicated ways of improvement which have been effected since. PMID- 1237753 TI - [Normal data for hemorrhagometry (author's transl)]. AB - Normal data for hemorrhagometry were established in 43 control persons, aged between 4 and 14 years. At room temperature the mean value for bleeding time was 4.61 min. (upper limit of normal 7.7 min.), the mean hemoglobin loss, which corresponds to the blood loss, was 4.34 mg (upper limit 14.74 mg), the mean value for maximal bleeding intensity was 21.4 mug hemoglobin/sec. (upper limit 48.8). When hemorrhagometry is performed at 17 degrees C (cold tolerance test) bleeding time is prolonged (mean 9.02 min., upper limit 14.3 min.), bleeding intensity increases (mean 32.4 mug Hb/sec., upper limit 81.3 mug/sec.), and hemoglobin loss rises (mean 11.07 mg, upper limit 31.36 mg). Bleeding time determinations according to IVY yield shorter values (mean 2.99 min., upper limit 4.5 min.) than those obtained by hemorrhagometry at room temperature. There was no positive correlation between hemorrhagometry parameters and age, sex, and number of thrombocytes, as long as thrombocyte counts above 100.000/mm3. PMID- 1237754 TI - [Normal values for Lactate- and Glutamate dehydrogenate by new optimized methods (author's transl)]. AB - The activities of the enzymes LDH (Lactatdehydrogenase), HBDH (Hydroxybutyratdehydrogenase), and GIDH (Glutamate dehydrogenase), as well as LAP (Leucine aryl peptidase) were measured in the serum of 934 children in order to get normal values of these enzyme activities in dependence on the age. We used again the optimized methods (Boehringer und Merck). The form of the distribution of the single values of these 4 enzymes can be described by a lognormal distribution. This applies not to newborns and young sucklings. All measured enzyme activities were depended on the age of the children; newborn and sucklings had significantly higher enzyme activities than infants. After the second year of life the enzyme activities for LDH, HBDH, GlDH and LAP remained constantly. The physiological variations are very high in the newborns. The diagnostic selectivity of the enzyme GIDH is very good, this of LDH and HBDH turned out unspecifically. No difference could be supplied for the sex of the children. PMID- 1237755 TI - [Critical assessment of cortico-steroid therapy of acute thrombopenia (author's transl)]. AB - Case histories of 75 children aged 6 months to 14 years were analysed, hospitalisation being for purpura due to thrombocytopenia. Sex distribution, age at first manifestation, frequency of infections immediately preceding purpura, frequency of chronic forms and letality coincide with previous literature reports. A favourable influence of corticosteroids on the acute phase of disease e.g. on purpura and disposition to haemorrhage, thrombocyte qualities, spleen- and liver enlargement as well as duration of hospitalisation was not realized. PMID- 1237756 TI - [Generalized mycobacterium avium infection in an infant (author's transl)]. AB - In a 3-year-old girl, who was admitted to our hospital with marked splenomegaly, a swollen abdomen and progressive loss of weight, the difficulty in establishing the correct diagnosis, namely a very rare generalized infection with Mycobacterium avium (serum type III), and the lengthy course of the disease are demonstrated. Norcardiosis, sarcoidosis and BCG-granulomatosis were excluded. From the spleen, lymphatic nodes, gastric juice, stools and urine of the child, who had not been vaccinated with BCG vaccine, masses of acid-fast bacilli were isolated. The generalisation of the disease was promoted by an immunological deficiency. At autopsy an atrophic thymus was discovered. The extensive clinical and immunological investigations pointed to a partial deficiency of the cell mediated immune systeme. The patient died 8 months after admission. PMID- 1237757 TI - [Segmental hypoplasia of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a 12-year-old girl with renal segmental hypoplasia and hypertension is reported. At first treatment was conservative. After increasing of hypertension nephrectomy of the right hypoplastic kidney with vesicoureteral reflux was performed. This procedure influenced hypertension well, but renal failure increased. The value of treatment is discussed. PMID- 1237758 TI - [Report on a variant of the fetal-face-syndrome with acral dysostosis (Robinow Silverman-Smith-Syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - Besides the typical clinical symptoms of Robinow-Silverman-Smith-syndrome our patient shows a severe dislocation of the hip, feeding difficulties, and a marked morphological and mental retardation. The karyotype was normal, we found a normal banding pattern of all chromosomes (G-banding). In the family of our proband we observed minor skeletal abnormalities. PMID- 1237759 TI - [Special features of epidural hematoma in neonates and infants (author's transl)]. AB - Epidural hematomas in infancy, meaning up until the closing of the cranial sutures, have special clinical manifestations and courses; four cases will be demonstrated here. Following an often mild cranio-cerebral trauma a characteristical subperiosteal hematoma lacking primary consciousness disturbance and free interval can develop. The considerable loss of blood coming from the epidural hemorrhage, of mainly venous origin, leads to an often extreme anemia and shock syndrome. Due to the combination of shock and increasing brain compression a fulminant course with sudden coma, respiratory failure and irreversible circulatory collapse can terminally occur. Thus one should always think of an epidural hematoma in cases of increasing anemia, shock syndrome and an extending cranial hematoma following a brain trauma in infancy. Rapid trepanation with shock therapy and accompaning blood transfusion allows the prognosis of the epidural hemorrhage in infancy to be essentially better than in adulthood. PMID- 1237760 TI - Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). AB - The striped skunk has a number of characteristics that make it one of the most desirable wild carnivores for scientific study. This paper described in detail the care and management of this species in captivity. Reproduction and factors which may affect productivity were discussed, including: duration of mating period, experience, and age of the female. Two optimal mating periods resulted in the greatest productivity and survival of young: (1) 24 hours and (2) 24 hours followed by another mating of equal duration 2 or 3 da later. Experienced females required fewer matings, conceived earlier, and had larger litters than their inexperienced counterparts. Captive skunks conceived as early as mid-February; births occurred in May or June with litters averaging 4.17 pups per litter. Females produced their maximum number of young at age 2 and had a progressive decline in mean litter size after this age. Measurements of growth and development of the young up to 32 da were included. A descenting method used in descenting nearly 300 pups was described. Mortality was high during the first 2 mo of life, with only 59.81% (192/321) of the pups surviving until weaning. Sixteen different pathologic conditions confirmed by necropsy were listed. The signs of canine distemper in the striped skunk were described. PMID- 1237761 TI - Innovar-Vet-induced pathologic changes in the guinea pig. AB - High doses of Innovar-Vet administered im induced pathologic changes in tissues at the site of drug deposition. The onset and extent of the changes were dose related. Distal self-mutilation occurred coincidentally to the peak of pathologic changes in the ischiatic nerve. PMID- 1237762 TI - A survey of the meat preferences of the Ibos of East Central State, Nigeria. PMID- 1237763 TI - Stereochemical approach to increase the specificity of steroid antibodies. PMID- 1237764 TI - Binding of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in rat brain. PMID- 1237765 TI - The activation of cultured epididymal tubules by androgens. PMID- 1237766 TI - Adrenal cortical function in abnormal newborn infants. PMID- 1237767 TI - The effects of ADP on reverse electron flow and the oxygen exchange reactions catalyzed by bovine heart muscle submitochondrial particles. AB - 1,N6-Ethenoadenosine diphosphate (epsilon-ADP) inhibits reverse electron flow (succinate leads to NAD+ driven by ATP) by competing with ATP, in contrast to ADP which we have shown previously to be a noncompetitive inhibitor. From these and other data it is concluded that the noncompetitive inhibition noted with ADP results from a combination of competitive inhibition plus non- or uncompetitive inhibition, the former occurring at a relatively nonspecific catalytic site and the latter at an extracatalytic site apparently quite specific for ADP. ADP, which stimulates ATP in equilibrium H2O and Pi in equilibrium H2O exchanges appears to be necessary for inhibition by arsenate of these exchanges. It is suggested that the ATP-supported Pi in equilibrium H2O exchange may be predominantly of the medium or intermediate type, depending on the concentrations of the Mg2+ complexes of ADP and Pi. Thus only exchanges involving medium ADP and Pi would be expected to show arsenate sensitivity. PMID- 1237768 TI - Effect of crosslinking on mitochondrial structure and function. AB - Rat liver mitochondria were treated with ethylacetimidate and methylbutyrimidate, monofunctional imidates, and with dimethylsuberimidate, a bifunctional imidate, and the effects on structure and function studied. Mitochondria treated with 5 mM dimethylsuberimidate or greater did not respond osmotically when placed in deionized water. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that at concentrations greater than 5 mM dimethylsuberimidate nearly all mitochondrial polypeptides failed to enter 6% gels, indicating crosslinking of both membrane and soluble proteins. Extensive amidination by ethylacetimidate and methylbutyrimidate had little effect on ascorbate-tetramethylphenylenediamine oxidase while extensive inhibition resulted from dimethylsuberimidate treatment. The possible involvement of molecular motion in electron transport is discussed. PMID- 1237769 TI - Contraception for the teenager. PMID- 1237770 TI - Adolescents in distress. Suicide and out-of-control behaviors. PMID- 1237771 TI - Special considerations in epiglottitis in children. AB - The often perplexing clinical findings in acute epiglottitis are produced by the relative absence of cyanosis and hypercapnia in the face of severe hypoxemia, since expiration and CO2 elimination are not impaired. A serious situation arises when intubation is unseccessful. Six hundred otolaryngologists were polled to determine whether life-saving tracheotomy in such a situation could be performed within the time limits. PMID- 1237772 TI - Biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetate in soybean suspension cultures. AB - Suspension cultures of finely divided soybean cells established from callus were incubated with sodium [1(14)C] acetate for periods up to 86 hr. Lipids and fatty acids were analyzed for radioactivity in samples harvested at logarithmic time periods. Incorporation of acetate into cell lipid was directly proportional to the logarithm of time up to 32 hr, after an initial lag of 4-6 hr. Most of the lipid radioactivity was found in the phospholipid fraction, and all common soybean fatty acids became labeled within 6 hr. The order of labeling and distribution of radioactivity with time were essentially the same as in tissues from intact growing plants. These results support the concept of sequential desaturation of oleic acid in the cells. It was concluded that valid studies of the biosynthesis of common lipids in the soybean can be carried out for extended periods of time by use of undifferentiated cells in suspension cultures. PMID- 1237773 TI - Changes with diet in the composition of phosphatidyl choline of sheep bile. AB - Bile phosphatidyl choline from sheep, in contrast to that from nonruminants, contains low levels of the normal range of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A comparison has been made of the composition of bile phosphatidyl cholines from sheep receiving either a control diet, a control diet supplemented with unprotected maize oil, or a control diet supplemented with soybean oil or tallow that had been protected against hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the rumen. The composition of bile phosphatidyl choline from sheep receiving protected soybean oil supplement was virtually indistinguishable from that from nonruminants. PMID- 1237774 TI - Effect of diet on the composition of cholesteryl esters of sheep adrenals. AB - Fatty acid components of cholesteryl esters from the adrenals of sheep, like those of nonruminants, were characterized by significant amounts of the longer chain metabolites of linoleic acid. Administration to sheep of diets rich in linoleic acid and protected against biohydrogenation did not alter the concentration of these components significantly. Although 18:2 levels were elevated, this was largely at the expense of cis-monoenoic fatty acids. PMID- 1237775 TI - [Determination of plasminogen with a coagulometric method]. PMID- 1237776 TI - Promazine and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. AB - An increased incidence of jaundice in mature, healthy newborn babies was noticed in 1970-1971. This coincided with the increased used of the drug promazine. A decrease in the incidence of jaundice was noted three months after total withdrawal of this drug from the hospital. PMID- 1237777 TI - [The arteriography of the liver diseased with Echinococcus alveolaris (author's transl)]. AB - In 2 patients with Echinococcus alveolaris of the liver an angiography of the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery and -- indirectly -- of the splenic vein was performed. The findings -- obliteration, dislocation, corc screw collaterals - are not diagnostic. This statement is supplemented by a review of the special literature. The value of an arterial angiography consists in delineating the extent of the process. In this sense the method seems to be superior to a liver scan. Angiography is indicated when curative surgical therapy is discussed. PMID- 1237778 TI - [Effect of chelidonium, curcuma, absinth and Carduus marianus on the bile and pancreatic secretion in liver diseases]. PMID- 1237780 TI - [Mental retardation of children in Becej]. PMID- 1237779 TI - Preparation, measurement and possible use of human antitoxin against Cl. botulinum A, B, and E toxins. AB - Human antibodies against botulinum toxins A, B, and E have been raised by repeated injections of pentavalent toxoid in a healthy volunteer. The final titer was 3.2 U anti-A, 0.4 U anti-B, and 2.5 U anti-E/ml. In mice, the efficacy of the antitoxin decreases with the time between poisoning and application of the antiserum. The dose recommended for prophylactic purposes in man is 1 ml/kg. In overt poisoning, therapy should be started with higher titer animal serum since in animal experiments high titer sera can stop (although not reverse) the symptoms of overt botulism within an-admittedly not too broad-rnage of time and dosage. Later on, therapy can be continued with human antiserum. An inverse radioimmunassay for botulinum A antitoxin using labeled botulinum toxin and antibody-coated tubes is described. The serum is available upon request from the author. PMID- 1237781 TI - [Supravalvular aortic valve stenosis. Other associated cardiovascular abnormalities]. PMID- 1237782 TI - Special case problems. PMID- 1237783 TI - Coordination of macromolecular synthesis in the slime mould Physarum polycephalum. AB - Microplasmodia of P. polycephalum were grown either in batch culture, in both complex and defined media to give a 3-4 fold variation in growth rate, or in a chemostate. The protein/DNA ratio of batch cultures was almost invariant, whilst the RNA/DNA ratio increased as a non-linear function of growth rate. The amount of ribosomal RNA, expressed as a fraction of total RNA, showed little variation and this was also true for the proportion of ribosomes found in polyribosomes. Calculation of the rate of protein synthesis per ribosome shows that this parameter increases by approximately 50% over the range of growth rates studied, although it should be emphasized that the effect of protein turnover has not yet been taken into account. Enrichment of batch cultures growing in a defined medium produced an increase in the rate of RNA synthesis. Data obtained with chemostat cultures differed in several respects from those described above for batch cultures, especially at low growth rates, and are discussed in relation to the early stages of differentiation of microplasmodia to spherules. PMID- 1237785 TI - Proceedings: Mutational response of mouse lymphoma cells in vitro to mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents. PMID- 1237784 TI - Isolation of cold-sensitive Chinese hamster cells. AB - Six cold-sensitive variants have been isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells by the BUdR-visible light selection technique. The properties of one of these lines have been studied in detail. This line stops dividing immediately after a shift from 39 degrees C to 33 degrees C though its doubling time at 39 degrees C is only slightly longer than that of wild-type cells. The rates of DNA and protein synthesis are severely reduced at 33 degrees C, but the rate of RNA synthesis is not significantly different from wild-type cells. This line may be defective in protein synthesis, but the results of sedimentation analysis indicate that it probably has normal ribosomal subunit assembly. PMID- 1237786 TI - Proceedings: Comparative studies on spermatogonia of mice and Chinese hamsters after X-ray treatment. PMID- 1237787 TI - Proceedings: Soybean (Glycine max): a new test system for study of genetic parameters as affected by environmental mutagens. PMID- 1237788 TI - Proceedings: Chromosome analysis in spermatogonia of mammals. PMID- 1237789 TI - Approaches to an evaluation of the genetic load due to mutagenic agents in the human population. PMID- 1237790 TI - Ecological classification of dermatophytes. PMID- 1237791 TI - Therapeutic failure of miconazole in the treatment of torulopsis glabrata infection in the vagina. PMID- 1237792 TI - Mycotic mastitis produced experimentally in goats. PMID- 1237793 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: detection by thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging. AB - To determine whether thallium 201 myocardial imaging could be used to detect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 10 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis were studied. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, an anatomic marker for this disease, was evident on thallium scans in the patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, with a ratio of septum to left ventricular free wall of 1.7 cm compared to 1.0 cm in eight normal volunteers, and 1.0 cm in eight patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also demonstrated apical ventricular wall thickening, and a thicker posterior ventricular free wall in the obstructive in contrast to the nonobstructive form of this disease. Thallium scans of three patients with pulmonary hypertension and secondary asymmetric septal hypertrophy were distinguished from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis by marked right ventricular wall thickening. Thus, thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging provides a noninvasive method for detection and evaluation of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 1237794 TI - Letter: Eco-conscious dermatology. PMID- 1237795 TI - Hemoglobin components in diabetes mellitus: studies in identical twins. AB - The minor components of hemoglobin which are increased in subjects with diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin Ala-c, were measured in identical twins concordant and discordant for diabetes to determine whether the observed increases represent a genetically determined abnormality. The mean values for the proportion of hemoglobins Ala-c in discordant twins differed markedly in the two members of the pair: 10.4 +/- 0.74 per cent for the diabetic twins and 6.85 +/- 0.33 for the nondiabetic twins (t = 4.3811, P less than 0.005). In concordant twins with juvenile onset diabetes, the mean proportion of Hb Ala-c was 11.4 per cent, and no marked differences were observed between members of twin pairs. Four pairs of identical twins concordant for maturity onset diabetes showed lower mean values for Hb Ala-c but did not show marked intra-pair differences. Thus, the abnormal proportions of hemoglobins Ala-c found in the presence of overt diabetes mellitus appear to be a manifestation of a metabolic abnormality of diabetes. PMID- 1237796 TI - Letter: Nutmeg and medullary carcinoma of thyroid. PMID- 1237797 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Birds and human health. PMID- 1237798 TI - Absence of fast block to polyspermy in eggs of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PMID- 1237799 TI - Ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation. PMID- 1237800 TI - A leukaemic cell mutant with a thermolabile alanyl-transfer RNA synthetase. PMID- 1237801 TI - Functional equivalence of the two iron-binding sites of human transferrin. PMID- 1237802 TI - [Editorial: Spirit of tea ceremony in neurosurgery]. PMID- 1237803 TI - [Clinical aspect of bony abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237804 TI - [Lateral ventricle tumor-surgical technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237805 TI - [Giant occipital hemangioendothelioma with thrombocytopenia, anemia and hypofibrinogenemia treated by total excision (author's transl)]. AB - An infant with a large occipital hemangioendothelioma with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypofibrinogenemia--Kasabach-Merritt syndrome--was reported. The case, a male neonate is unique, for this is the first report with this syndrome in whom the large hemangioma was noted at birth on the midocciput simulating the occipital encephalomeningocele. With the development of thrombocytopenia of 84,000 per mm3, hypofibrinogenemia of 92 mg/dl, anemia (erythrocyte 193 X 10(4) per mm3, hemoglobin 5.9 g/dl, hematocrit 16 vol%), hepato-splenomegalia, enlargement and bluish discoloration of the tumor noted on the 21/2 months of life, total excision was intended prior to the expected occurence of the systemic purpura. The patient received fresh whole blood transfusion immediately prior to surgery, and the total excision was successfully performed. Excessive bleeding was not encountered. Abrupt rise in the platelet count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit to normal range was noted at the first postoperative day; he was discharged on the 17th day after surgery. Nineteen months' follow-up showed normal hematologic findings with good somatic and mental development. The specimen weighing 250 g. revealed benigh hemangioendothelioma. Silver impregnation demonstrated lobular aggregates of small vascular channels. Papillary projection of interstitial cells into the lumen, reaction of the endothelium of the vessels, newly formed thrombus, ishemic necrosis and hemorrhage, hyaline degeneration of interstitial tissue were noted. These findings suggested the disseminated intravascular coagulation within the tumor followed by fibrinolysis accounts for loss of blood corpuscles, platelet, fibrinogen and clotting factors, which leads ultimately to the consumption coagulopathy and diffuse bleeding. PMID- 1237806 TI - [The fine structure of ependymona (author's transl)]. AB - The tumor cells form an unoriented mass rather than a layered structure. Most of the cells have no ependymal specialization, such as cilia, microtubular, etc. Instead, they assume a primitive undifferentiated appearance with large nuclei and abundant free ribosomes. Occasionally, however, certain cells tend to form a ring around a narrow lumen-like space within the mass. Such spaces are virtually filled with microvilli and, occasionally, even cilia arising form the surrounding cells. Elaborate desmosomes decorate the apposing surfaces of such cells and basal bodies are presented within the cytoplasm. In addition, the tumor cells often display glial filaments, glycogen granules and microtubules, similar to the cells comprising astrocytomas. As is well known, astrocytomas and ependymomas are often found mixed in the same tumor. PMID- 1237807 TI - [A specific organelle in the vascular endothelial cells of cerebellar neoplasms (author's transl)]. AB - A "rod-shaped tubulated body" (tubular body) was first described by Weibel and Palade in the vascular endothelial cells of various organs in both man and animals. This is now considered to be an organelle specific to the endothelial cell, but its function is still unknown. Both in experimental and human pathology this organelle has been observed more often in either seemingly young or abnormal endothelial cells of the blood vessels in tissue regeneration, inflammation, brain tumors among others. This report deals with ultrastructural study of two surgical cases of cerebellar neoplasm, in which the vascular endothelium was examined for a tubular body. The first case was a 12-year-old boy with cerebellar hemangioblastoma, and the second a 36-year-old female who had a history of renal cell carcinoma removed approximately 5 years previously. Histological diagnosis of the cerebellar tumor in the latter case was indetermined, because a part of the tumor consisted of clear cells suggestive of clear cell carcinoma and another part of well developed endothelial cells and vascular channels apparently indicative of hemangioblastoma. The findings of the ultrastructural study were rather compatible with that of renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the cerebellum although inconclusive. The tubular body observed in the endothelial cells of those tumor vessels consisted of a membrane-limited round, oval or elongated shaped intracytoplasmic body which contained tubules of 170 to 200 A outer diameter with approximately 50 to 60 A thickness. The tubules were arranged mostly in a parallel fashion along their long axis. In the first type of tubular body they were embedded in a relatively pale matrix, and in the second their arrangement appeared to be more compact. The third tubular body, so far undescribed in human endothelial cells except in our previous communication, showed an irregularly and markedly enlarged matrix, surrounded by a limiting membrane which was occasionally observed connected with either a coated vesicle or cytoplasmic membrane. Abundant tubules were intermingled without showing a particular arrangement. Morphological and functional significance of the third type tubular body is unknown, but it might represent a pathological change of a tubular body in cerebellar neoplasms. These findings might give us some clues in understanding a tumor angiogenesis. PMID- 1237808 TI - [Surgical experience of aged patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - Outcome of 77 cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysms above 60 years of age was reported. 44 cases were treated conservatively and 33 cases surgically. 1. Among conservatively treated group, 10 cases died after initial hemorrhage and 14 cases after second hemorrhage. The mortality rate was 55%. 2. Among surgically treated group, 11 cases died and 4 cases had severe neurological deficits following the direct intracranial operation. The mortality and morbidity rate was 33% and 12% respectively. 3. These results indicate that the direct intracranial operation should be the first choice of treatment to the aged patients also. 4. Intracranial complications occured more frequently than the extracranial one during intra and postoperative course. Among them normal pressure hydrocephalus was the comonnest. 5. Occlusion of the main cerebral artery occured in 5 cases related to operative procedure. Outcome of 4 cases of them was poor. Microsurgical technique should be used in order to prevent these conditions which tend to occur in aged patients. PMID- 1237809 TI - [Effect of phenoxybenzamine on the experimental cerebral vasospasm in cats (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of topical and intravenous administration of phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) on the experimental vasospasm were studied in cats. Cerebral vasospasm was produced by a topical application of blood, prostaglandin (PG) E2 or PGF2alpha to be exposed basilar artery. Topical PBZ caused a significant dilatation of the basilar artery and the occurrence of vasospasm was completely prevented either with blood, PGE2 or PGF2alpha. Intravenous administration of PBZ in the dosage with which the pressor response to phenylephrine was completely blocked, or three times that dosage, failed to show any preventive effect on the vasospasm. From these experimental results, it seems that the antispasmogenic action of topically applied PBZ is due largely to the non-spacific vasodilator action of PBZ and not to its alpha adrenergic blocking action. It is also suggested that the role of alpha adrenergic mechanism in the genesis of vasospasm in this experimental design is not significant. PMID- 1237810 TI - [Transoral approach for the treatment of atlanto-axial dislocation with the Os odontoideum and obstruction of the bilateral vertebral arteries (author's transl)]. AB - The two approaches are well-known in the surgical treatment of atlanto-axial dislocation, the one is the anterior and the other is the posterior approach. The indication of these methods is still controversial. This report concerns with one case of atlanto-axial dislocation with the separate odontoid and bilateral obstruction of both vertebral arteries, which was successfully treated by transoral decompression and fusion between the bodies of the atlas and axis. The reasons why we chose this method were: (1) the spinal cord decompression was necessary because of the presence of compression of the cord by the separate odontoid process, (2) the spinal fusion had to be performed to stabilize the atlanto-axial articulation, (3) it was necessary to avoid the damage of collateral circulations to the brainstem through the deep cervical arteries demonstrated by bilat vertebral angiography. The posterior approach is highly susceptible to injure these collateral circulations. PMID- 1237811 TI - [Spontaneous spinal subarachnoidal hematoma--case report (author's transl)]. AB - "Spontaneous intraspinal canal hematomas' are rare clinical conditions. These are classified as epidural, subdural and subarachnoid. Especially, subarachnoid hematoma is rare only two cases being reported by Bouzarth (1968). We have reported surgical treatment of a female with intraspinal canal subarachnoid hematoma. The patient presented with sudden onset of backpain, followed by paraplegia, sensory impairment and urinary retention. A lumbar tap revealed bloody CSF a complete block. A left vertebral angiography was normal. However, a myelography showed a filling defect at Th5. A laminectomy was performed and a subarachnoid hematoma at the Th1-5 level was completely removed. Etiology of the legion was not identified. The patient made an uneventful recovery. This case suggests that intraspinal canal hematoma needs an operation as soon as possible, especially with urinary retention. PMID- 1237812 TI - [Self-cured hydrocephalus following ventriculitis--clinical experience and experimental consideration (author's transl)]. AB - Dynamics of CSF circulation is often altered in the presence of intracranial pathology especially in hydrocephalus. Most neurosurgeons acknowledge that the status of hydrocephalus often changes regardless of the type of treatment. In the follow-up of hydrocephalic children who under-went shunting operation, not a few hydrocephalic children have been doing well in spite of shunt malfunction for a long period. Interestingly enough, we have experienced the children who need no longer shunt after shunt infection complicated by ventriculitis. These cases differ from so-called spontaneously "arrested hydrocephalus", in that the latter develops in not severe hydrocephalus during the course of natural history or after shunt not complicated by serious infection. Consequently, we define these cases "self-cured hydrocephalus" following ventriculitis. Recently we experienced a similar case as mentioned above at the Kyoto University Hospital. We reported the case and made some inquiry into pathogenesis of "self-cured hydrocephalus". We hope that further inventigation of the similar cases along with experimental studies might give us a key to establish a radical treatment for hydrocephalus. PMID- 1237813 TI - [Three cases of spontaneous bilateral external carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (dural arteriovenous shunts in the region of the cavernous sinus) (author's transl)]. AB - Since Fincher reported a case with arteriovenous fistula between the external carotid artery and dural sinus, many type of cases have been reported. On the other hand, so called the external carotid avernous fistula has been recognized less 20 cases in literature. We have observed three additional cases of dural arteriovenous shunts in the region of the cavernous sinus. Case 1. A 52 year old woman had suffered from left side sever headache. There was weakness of the left extraocular muscles and left ptosis. A bruit was heard over the left orbit. She was treated for hypertension since 38 year old. And she has no history of recent trauma. Selective internal and external carotid angiographies showed the bilateral external carotid cavernous sinus fistula. No operative treatment was performed in this case and the symptomes disappeared with decrease of blood pressure. Case 2. A 50 year old man came to this clinic with chief complaints of right ptosis, diplopia and headache. He was treated for diabetes mellitus and hypertension for six month... PMID- 1237814 TI - A new method of autotomography with cerebral angiography (angioautotomography). AB - A new method of autotomography for cerebral angiography, accomplished by means of a simple and handy device, has made it possible to take arbitrary tomographic planes of angiograms which result in clear cut views of the tomogram. The principle of the device is described, the method of use explained and representative films, produced by this new method, are demonstrated. PMID- 1237815 TI - Brain extracellular potassium activity during hypoxia in the cat. AB - Brain extracellular potassium activity, recorded by a potassium-selective microelectrode technique, was studied in 27 anesthetized, paralyzed cats during hypoxia. Potassium activity remained essentially constant until the arterial pO2 decreased to 20 to 23 mm Hg. If the blood pressure was allowed to decrease during hypoxia, even to the 70 to 100 mm Hg range, the associated increases in potassium activity were accentuated, often to levels greater than 20 mEq per liter. The electrocorticogram regularly became isoelectric by the time the potassium activity reached 6 to 10 mEq per liter. Elevations of the blood pressure with epinephrine injections reversed both the increases in potassium activity and the electrocorticogram flattening. Extracellular potassium homeostasis during hypoxia appears to depend on the maintenance of a normal arterial perfusion pressure. PMID- 1237816 TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with 10-year survival in a patient with nontropical sprue. Report of a case with unusual light and electron microscopic features. AB - A 46-year-old man with nontropical sprue had anemia and hypoproteinemia for several years, until his condition was diagnosed and treated with dietary measures. Within a year after the diagnosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developed, and the patient had a slightly fluctuating chronic downhill course until he died 10 years later. It is postulated that this patient's immune deficiency was related to his malabsorption syndrome and hypoglobulinemia, and the course became unusually protracted (longest reported course in the American literature) because of restoration of plasma protein levels. Autopsy showed the classic findings of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, with much tissue loss of subcortical white matter and active perivascular inflammatory foci with numerous eosinophilic granulocytes. On electron microscopy, oligodendrocyte nuclei and cytoplasm were crowded with virions, but many myelin sheaths invested by severely infected oligodendrocytic processes were remarkably well preserved. This fact would argue against a direct cause-and-effect relationship between infection of oligodendrocytes and myelin breakdown in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The likelihood of an autoimmune mechanism at work in this disease is suggested, and the role of eosinophils and other cells in such process is considered. PMID- 1237817 TI - Defective motor learning in ideomotor apraxia. AB - Liepmann suggested that the left hemisphere contained the engrams for motor sequences. Other investigators have suggested that ideomotor apraxia may be caused by either a destruction of these engrams or a disconnection of these engrams from motor systems in the nondominant hemisphere. If these hypotheses are correct, then ideomotor apraxics should not only show a defect on previously learned motor tasks but also a defect in new motor learning. Nine right-handed, hemiparetic, aphasic apraxics were given six trials on a rotary pursuit meter. Eight right-handed hemiparetic, aphasic, nonaprixic patients served as controls. All subjects were instructed to use their left (nonparetic) hand. The performance of the control group on the sixth trial was significantly better than that on the first trial, showing a distinct learning effect. In the apraxic group, however, there was no significant difference between the first and sixth trial, suggesting a defect in motor learning. This defect appeared to be caused by a combined defect of both acquisition and retention. PMID- 1237818 TI - Myasthenia gravis and invasive thymoma: a 20-year experience. AB - In 20 years, 19 patients with myasthenia gravis and invasive thymoma have been seen by the Neurology Service at the UCLA Center for Health Sciences. This represents 4 percent of 493 myasthenia gravis patients seen during the same time and 37 percent of myasthenic patients with thymomas. Eight are still alive and 11 have died. Fifteen patients had the onset of myasthenic symptoms before discovery of the thymoma, while only four patients had chest symptoms and/or radiographic evidence of an anterior mediastinal mass prior to the onset of weakness. Radical excision of the tumor, if possible, and the remaining thymus, high dosage alternate day prednisone, and radiation therapy, if indicated, seem the treatments of choice. Recurrences of tumor nodules may necessitate further local radiation or the use of cytotoxic agents. PMID- 1237819 TI - Paroxysmal "nightmares". Sequel of a stroke responsive to diphenylhydantoin. AB - A 65-year-old man had nightmares a few weeks after a right temporal lobe infarction. Electroencephalography showed no epileptic activity. Therapy with diphenylhydantoin produced complete remission of his symptoms. On the bases of their acute onset, their association with sleep, their occasional occurrence while the patient was awake, the lack of effect of diazepam and flurazepam, and the good response to diphenylhydantoin, we propose that these episodes were partial seizures secondary to the right temporal lobe lesion. PMID- 1237820 TI - Imipramine-mediated interference with levodopa absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in man. AB - The effect of imipramine on the absorption of a single dose of levodopa was studied in male volunteers. By delaying gastric emptying and retarding delivery to intestinal absorptive sites, imipramine interfered with the absorption of levodopa. This action caused by the anticholinergic effect of imipramine. The retardation of transit of levodopa also caused the elaboration of therapeutically inactive metabolites of levodopa in the gastrointestinal tract. Antidepressants and levodopa are often given together, and this combination may interfere with the absorption and efficacy of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1237821 TI - Familial paralysis of horizontal gaze. Associated with pendular nystagmus, progressive scoliosis, and facial contraction with myokymia. AB - Paralysis of horizontal gaze, pendular nystagmus, and progressive scoliosis were manifestations of an autosomal recessive genetic disease in four siblings. Bilateral facial myokymia with continuous facial contraction developed in the oldest patient. Electromyographic examination of his facial muscles after facial nerve block at the stylomastoid foramen showed absence of all muscle potentials, consistent with a supranuclear origin of the myokymia. Normality of convergence, vertical gaze, and pupillary constrictor reflex activity assured integrity of midbrain ocular motor function. Absence of horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes signified involvement of the pontine tegmentum in this distinctive heredofamilial syndrome. PMID- 1237822 TI - Essential tremor: treatment with propranolol. AB - A double-blind trial of propranolol, in a dosage of 120 mg a day, and placebo was conducted in 11 patients with essential tremor. An improvement in tremor was observed in all patients who received propranolol and was most pronounced in the upper extremities. The favorable clinical assessment was further confirmed by improvement in a grooved pegboard test and in the quality of handwriting as evaluated by two "blind" observers. No side effects were encountered. It is concluded that propranolol is at present the best available drug for the treatment of essential tremor. PMID- 1237823 TI - 99mTc-diphosphonate uptake in skeletal muscle: a quantitative index of acute damage. AB - In rats with ischemic myopathy induced by aortic ligation and 5 hydroxytryptamine, there was good correlation of the skeletal muscle concentration of 99mTc-diphosphonate with the increase of plasma creatine phosphokinase and the decrease in muscle potassium. This radionuclide tracer method can be used to quantitate acute injury in individual muscles and provides a basis for clinical nuclear imaging in patients with a variety of disorders involving muscle fiber damage. PMID- 1237824 TI - Acute ischemic transection of peripheral axons in angiopathic neuropathy. No demyelination of fasciculus gracilis or decreased number or size of cytons of spinal ganglion neurons. AB - Demyelination (loss of myelin profiles) of posterior columns of the spinal cord in patients with neuropathy coming to autopsy usually has been interpreted as secondary to distal degeneration of peripheral nerve fibers. Previous experiments to test whether these pathologic changes could result from transecting peripheral nerves produced conflicting results. In a patient with necrotizing angiopathy in whom extensive regions of fiber transection began proximally at midthigh level, the density and diameter distribution of myelinated fibers of the fasciculus gracilis and the number and size distribution of cytons of L3 and L5 spinal ganglia have been obtained and compared with normative measurements. No discernible alteration was found, suggesting that acute degeneration of peripheral nerve fibers is not associated with loss or decrease in size of cytons of spinal ganglia or with loss or decrease in size of myelinated fibers in the fasciculus gracilis. PMID- 1237825 TI - Quantitative measurement of saccade amplitude, duration, and velocity. AB - A method for rapid, accurate measurement of saccade amplitude, duration, and velocity (average and maximum) was developed as a functional test of the extraocular motor system. Recordings were made with a direct-current electro oculographic system, and data analysis was performed on a laboratory digital computer. Saccade amplitude and duration were found to be linearly correlated in 25 normal subjects, with a mean slope of 2.7 msec per degree over a large amplitude range. In the same subjects, saccade amplitude and velocity (maximum or average) had a nonlinear relationship that was best fit by an exponential equation. The two constants of this equation adequately characterized the relationship between saccade amplitude and velocity and permitted rapid statistical comparison between normal and abnormal subjects. PMID- 1237826 TI - The saccade velocity test. AB - Scatter plots showing the amplitude versus velocity (maximum and average) relationship of horizontal saccades in 25 normal subjects and four groups of patients were statistically compared. Three patients with "subclinical" medial longitudinal fasciculus syndromes had significant slowing of adducting saccades, and two of these patients had unsuspected slowing of abducting saccades (although to a lesser degree). Five patients with olivopontocerebellar degeneration and three patients with myotonic dystrophy had significant slowing of saccades in both directions. Five patients with surgically documented acoustic neuromas did not have significant slowing despite brain-stem compression in three. It is concluded that the saccade velocity test can be a useful clinical tool in addition to its potential in clinical research. PMID- 1237827 TI - Sea-blue histiocyte and posterior column dysfunction: a familial disorder. AB - This is a report of a new familial neurologic disorder characterized by ceroid lipofuscin storage, sea-blue histiocytes, and associated neurologic findings. Neurologic manifestations in the family members examined were varied, but posterior column involvement was the most common finding. The presence of sea blue histiocytes was genetically determined by an autosomal dominant trait. Vitamin E blood concentrations were decreased in the absence of absorption difficulties in two sisters who were most seriously affected. The relationship of ceroid-lipofuscin, lipid peroxidation, and vitamin E is discussed. PMID- 1237828 TI - Effect of prednisolone on neuromuscular blocking in mice in vivo. AB - The working capacity of inbred female Swiss mice on the rotating rod was tested in an investigation of the effect of previously injected prednisolone, 1.2 mg, on the neuromuscular blocking effect of two different doses of d-tubocurarine and of low-dose hemicholinium-3. The effect of both drugs could be partially or wholly antagonized by prednisolone. The consequences of this finding are discussed in relation to the beneficial effect of prednisone in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 1237829 TI - Intraventricular craniopharyngioma. AB - An unusual case of an adult with a craniopharyngioma within the third ventricle is reported. The patient complained of headaches, had a history suggestive of diabetes insipidus, and presented with a severe dementia. A brain scan revealed the suprasellar midline lesion, and a pneumoencephalogram confirmed its location within the third ventricle. Therapy included partial surgical excision, followed by a ventriculoatrial shunt and radiation. PMID- 1237830 TI - [Unusual case of triple simultaneous complication of duodenal ulcer]. AB - The A.A. report a case of duodenal ulcer observed in a young patient, showing at the same time and associated the three known complications of this disease. After gastric resection, urgently performed, followed a favourable post-operative course and a very good result at distance. On a study of 710 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer this event occurred once only. PMID- 1237832 TI - Returning to work - another stage of recovery and growth for the MI patient. PMID- 1237831 TI - Primary choriocarcinoma of the ovary. AB - Eight patients with choriocarcinoma of the ovary treated at the Choriocarcinoma Research and Treatment Center are presented and the previously reported cases reviewed. A more optimistic prognosis can be offered for these tumors than previously. Four of the 8 patients are in remission and 4 have died. Triple therapy should be used for these tumors despite the increase in toxicity. PMID- 1237833 TI - Standards for evaluating an occupational health nursing service. PMID- 1237835 TI - Editorial: The learner/teacher synthesis. PMID- 1237834 TI - AAIN, ABOHN, ANA statement on certification of occupational health nurses. PMID- 1237836 TI - Nursing assessment in hypertension. PMID- 1237837 TI - New opportunity for occupational health nursing. PMID- 1237838 TI - Let's discuss leadership. PMID- 1237839 TI - Continuing education: interpretation of constituent association programs. PMID- 1237840 TI - Vision conservation for occupational health nurses: a context. PMID- 1237841 TI - Ixodes (Afrixodes) drakensbergensis n. sp. from domestic and wild animals in Natal, Republic of South Africa. AB - Ixodes (Afrixodes) drakensbergensis n. sp., is described from females, males, nymphs and larvae collected on a drag at Giant's Castle Nature Reserve, Natal, Republic of South Africa; it was also taken from an eland in the same area and from goats and a cow in the adjacent Tank Area 118. The occurrence of I. (A.) drakensbergensis on domestic animals suggests that it may be of economic importance in this area. Information is provided to separate the new species from other closely related Ixodes species that occur or may occur in this region. PMID- 1237842 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in the inner ear of fetuses, newborn and adult guinea pigs. AB - The distribution pattern of alkaline phosphatase in the inner ear of fetuses, newborn and adult guinea pigs is described. In the inner ear of fetuses, remarkable alkaline phosphatase was noted throughout the entire tissue of spiral ligament, statoacoustic nerve fibers and the wall of small blood vessels. In newborns, however, less enzyme activity was seen in the spiral ligament and statoacoustic nerve. In adult guinea pigs, no enzyme activity was detectable in the spiral ligament and statoacoustic nerve fibers except for the wall of small blood vessels and efferent nerve fibers. It is evident that the distribution pattern of alkaline phosphatase is altered during the development of the inner ear of the guinea pig. PMID- 1237843 TI - Tympanic effusions in children - some parameters involved. AB - A retrospective analysis of 1,078 adenoidectomies and 660 adenotonsillectomies in children under the age of 11 is reported, special attention having been paid to the presence of tympanic effusions. Eight parameters involved were recorded and analyzed. Amongst other things, it appeared that in adenoidectomy patients referred to the author transient tympanic effusions were very common (i.e. in 41.8% of the 2,156 ears) and that adenoid size and eosinophilia did not have any relation with these effusions. PMID- 1237844 TI - Electron microscopy findings in malignant melanoma of nose. AB - Electron microscopic examination of malignant melanoma tumour tissue taken from a patient who has survived with the tumour without metastases for 13 years has shown spherical melanosomes with no internal fibrillar structure. This finding and other cell features described, suggest that this melanoma developed from Dubreuilh's melanosis rather than melanocytic change in a junctional naevus. PMID- 1237846 TI - Reconstructive surgery in chronic otitis media. Statistical analysis of long-term results. AB - Success or failure of tympanoplasty depends on the following factors: (1) the anatomic and functional state of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles; (2) type, extension and activity of chronic otitis media at the time of surgery; (3) permanent restoration and drainage of the middle ear, and (4) surgical technique. In the present long-term study 440 cases of tympanoplasty have been followed up for 2-10 years. The anatomic and functional results were evaluated statistically by a computerized data processing procedure. Thus, multiple correlations between the factors influencing the anatomic and functional results could be investigated. PMID- 1237845 TI - Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the tongue and the oesophagus. AB - A case of gastric heterotopia of the tongue and one of heterotopic gastric mucosa of the oesophagus are described. From a comprehensive review of the world literature it appears that the present case of lingual gastric heterotopia is only the eighth so far reported and the first occurring in a woman. The site of the polypoid formation medially in the body of the tongue and its presence since birth indicate a congenital malformation. As to the observation of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the oesophagus, it is worth noting that the aberrant tissue was located in a wide area between two sites of squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper third of the oesophagus is extremely rare and its histogenesis becomes even more controversial when consideration is given to some of the features of the case presented. In particular, the hypothesis that adenocarcinoma may arise from heterotopic gastric epithelium is doubtful and does not explain the origin of all adenocarcinomas in the upper third of the oesophagus. The assumption that it may arise from oesophageal glands and/or from tracheobranchial rests remains well-founded. PMID- 1237848 TI - An analog nystagmus analyser for clinical routine. PMID- 1237847 TI - Acoustic neurinomas presenting as sudden deafness. PMID- 1237850 TI - Ultrasonic nebulizer in local anesthesia for bronchoscopy. AB - A method of utilizing an ultrasonic nebulizer (De Vilbiss 35 A) in local anesthesia for bronchoscopy is described. 10 ml of 4% Licocaine without adrenaline was used as anesthetic agent. Blood levels of Lidocaine were determined on 12 patients. The maximum blood levels were reached 6-8 min after the end of anesthesia. Blood lelvels ranged from 0.37 to 3.28 mug/ml being so in the nontoxic dosage range. A satisfactory anesthesia was achieved in 95% of the 1,043 patients subjected to bronchoscopy, while 5% felt that laryngeal anesthesia was not complete. In no case was it necessary to use the conventional way to complete the anesthesia. Nebulizer anesthesia was preferred by 100 persons who had been anesthetized by both the conventional method and the ultrasonic technique. PMID- 1237849 TI - A biochemical study of cryotonsillectomy in dogs. PMID- 1237851 TI - Management of cervical metastases with occult primary. PMID- 1237852 TI - [Letter: Urogenital tuberculosis and screening]. PMID- 1237853 TI - Dr. Masland addresses House of Delegates. PMID- 1237854 TI - [Role of mollusks as benthos components in the purification of water bodies from the eggs of Ascaris suum]. AB - Fresh water mollusks Galba palustris and Bithynia tentaculata feed on ascaris eggs, destroy them (10 to 20%) and hinder their development as compared to control ones. Thus, this mollusks participate in the purification of water bodies from ascaris eggs. Eggs swallowed by mollusks of the genus Radix develop normally. Consequently Radix serve for scattering eggs over the bottom of the water body. PMID- 1237855 TI - [Ecological significance of the dilation of the distal portion of the uterus of some trematodes]. AB - Many trematodes parasitic in the oral cavity, pharynx or oesophagus of snakes and birds or in the cloaca of birds possess a sac-shaped dilation of the uterine distal portion or the organ itself is sac-shaped. Trematodes possessing such uterus lay periodically more or less portions of eggs. The time of egg laying depends on the frequency of some functions of the host's organs (food capture by the host, swallowing the food, defecation), which the trematodes inhabit. PMID- 1237856 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: further properties of antibody-damaged worms and induction of comparable damage by maintaining worms in vitro. AB - When adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were maintained in vitro they became damaged. Using the criteria of ultrastructural morphology, acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme pattern and the behaviour of the worms after transfer to a normal rat, this damage appeared to be similar to that produced by the in vivo action of antibodies. Antibodies were shown to be responsible for the anterior migration of adult worms which occurs during primary infections in mature rats and in the prolonged infections seen in lactating and immature rats. Antibody damaged worms and worms unaffected by antibodies were equally able to stimulate the immune response required for worm expulsion. Apparently antibody damage is not required for the initiation of the second immune component necessary for expulsion of this parasite. PMID- 1237857 TI - The influence of Nematospiroides dubius on subsequent Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in mice. AB - The fecundity and longevity of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was prolonged in mice previously infected with Nematospiroides dubius only when the former developed from the larval stage in those mice. Such worms appeared to be less immunogenic than worms which developed in mice never exposed to N. dubius. It is proposed that prolonged fecundity and longevity resulted from an adaptation undertaken by the worms in the face of host antibodies which had been developed against the pre existing N. dubius infection. PMID- 1237858 TI - Electron microscopical investigations on the glycocalyx of cultivated cells after incubation with extracts from rapidly growing normal and tumour tissues. AB - Electron microscopical investigations by means of the ruthenium red method on Huggin-tumour cells cultivated in vitro resulted in a different thickness of the glycocalyx depending on the fixation of the cells in monolayer or, after mechanical detachment, in suspension. Cells fixed in suspension display a thicker glycocalyx, which is supposed to be due to a contraction of the cells before fixation. Tissue extracts from rapidly growing tissues (mammary gland of pregnant cows, tumour tissue) cause a significant reduction of the glycocalyx in transformed hamster fibroblasts and Huggin-tumour cells after an 18-hour period of action. These findings are in accordance with previous findings on the glycolytic effect of tissue extracts on sections of cartilaginous tissue. It is discussed whether the action of the tissue extracts on the glycocalyx is due to its detachment or to an inhibition of its renewal. PMID- 1237859 TI - [Peculiar form of supervalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 1237860 TI - [Cardiac murmurs and additional fetal heart sounds]. PMID- 1237861 TI - Letters and notes: Warm fiber activity in human skin nerves. PMID- 1237862 TI - Peritubular transport of urate in rat kidneys. AB - Measurement in the rat of renal artery-to-vein transit times permitted evaluation of movement of 14C-labelled urate and of other solutes out of the peritubular inulin spaces in the renal cortex. No interaction between urate and PAH could be demonstrated at this level. Provided the peritubular disappearance may be equated to cellular uptake a mean unidirectional urate flux across peritubular membranes equal to about 1/3 of total renal load may be calculated. This value greatly exceeds the net secretory flux of urate. Such a fact can be explained by the likelihood of significant post-proximal reabsorption of secreted urate, and/or by the conclusion that peritubular urate permeability exceeds that of the luminal side. Assignment of the limiting step in urate secretion to the luminal cell membranes, in contrast to a determining role played by peritubular membranes in PAH transport, can account for the lack of interaction between PAH and urate at the peritubular membrane in rats. PMID- 1237863 TI - The hydraulic conductivity of the rat proximal tubular wall determined with colloidal solutions. AB - The hydraulic conductivity of the rat proximal tubular wall was determined using colloidal solutions perfused in short (50--200 mum) (SMP) or long (90--200 mum) (LMP) proximal tubular segments. In SMP human serum albumin (HSA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added to raffinose solutions. A Lp of 0.019 nl-min 1-mm-1-mm Hg-1 was found when high colloid concentrations were used while values of 0.055--0.092 were found when low colloid concentrations were used. In other experiments, the Lp was determined by perfusing short tubular segments with pure raffinose solutions. A value of 0.015 nl-min-1-mm-1-mm Hg-1 was found. This is twice the value found when raffinose solutions were perfused through long tubular segments and it is concluded that the short microperfusion technique overestimates Lp with a factor of two. When microperfusions of long tubular segments were conducted, PVP was added to an equilibrium solution consisting of NaCl (110 mM) and raffinose (80 mM). Lp was found to be 0.018--0.021 when high colloid concentrations were used, while a value of 0.029 was found when a low colloid concentration was used. As found in both SMP and LMP a decrease in Lp's with increasing colloid concentrations indicates that a significant influence of radial concentration differences is highly probable. It is therefore suggested that the highest Lp derived when using the lowest colloid concentrations represents the best estimate. With this Lp value (0.03--0.05 nl-min-1-mm-1-mm Hg 1) and the existing transtubular hydrostatic and oncotic pressure difference it can be calculated that these passive forces might constitute the driving force for 1/3 of the fluid reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. PMID- 1237864 TI - A tungsten electrode insulated by a concentric arrangement of glass-pipettes for iontophoresis. AB - A method is described by which electrolytically sharpened tungsten wires were coated with a coaxial assembly of 5-8 glass-capillaries. This glass coating provides good insulation and high rigidity of the tungsten electrodes. The glass pipettes were used for electrophoretic ejection of test substances and the tungsten electrode for extracellular recording of neuronal activity. PMID- 1237865 TI - Isometric strength, endurance, and the blood pressure and heart rate responses during isometric exercise in healthy men and women, with special reference to age and body fat content. AB - The relationship of sex, age, and body fat content were assessed on the maximal voluntary strength (MVC), the endurance of a sustained contraction held at 40% of the subject's maximal strength, and the associated changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Isometric hand-grip strength was, as expected, greater in men than in women; however, in both sexes, age was inversely related to isometric strength, particularly in women. Body fat content, however, was directly related to strength. In contrast, in both male and female subjects aging was directly related to isometric endurance while body fat content was now inversely related to isometric endurance. The increase in heart rate throughout a fatiguing contraction at 40% MVC was strikingly similar in men and women. Heart rate, which always increased during exercise, attained its highest magnitude during exercise in the subjects who had the highest resting heart rates. However, older subjects displayed a smaller increase in exercising heart rates than younger subjects. The blood pressure at the end of the 40% MVC was directly related to the resting blood pressure. However, aging and body fat content both increased the resting systolic blood pressure in men and women; this aging effect was further exaggerated during the exercise. PMID- 1237866 TI - The genesis of the pulse contours of the distal leg arteries in man. AB - In order to clarify the genesis of the human pressure and flow pulse contours of the distal leg arteries, in particular the posterior tibial artery, pulse recordings were performed with transcutaneous techniques under normal conditions and in the state of strong vasodilatation (reactive hyperaemia) in the distal parts of the lower legs. From the experimental results it is concluded that the contour of the incident pressure wave arriving in the leg arteries is very similar to the pressure pulse contour of the abdominal aorta, while the resulting contour in the leg arteries is determined by this incident wave and superimposed reflected waves. The latter arise from positive reflection in the periphery of the lower legs. The travel in retrograde direction, are reflected negatively in proximal regions, particularly in the abdominal aorta, and appear again, with opposite sign, in the leg arteries. In addition, retrograde waves reflected positively at the aortic valve and then traveling in antegrade direction also influence the pulse contours. By considering this wave travel, the genesis of the characteristic contours of the pressure and flow pulses of the lower leg arteries is explained in a satisfactory way. This is demonstrated by a simplified graphical pulse construction as well as by the calculation of pulse contours on the basis of a theoretical tube model of the arterial system with the aid of a digital computer. The results of these calculations are discussed with respect to the findings of previous investigators who used analog and digital models of the arterial system. PMID- 1237867 TI - Oxygen supply and uptake in the liver and the intestine. AB - The oxygen supply to the liver was found to be dependent on the total blood flow only and not on the ratio of arterial to portal contribution. The mean value of O2-uptake in the liver, related to a blood flow of 110 ml/min - 100 g liver, amounted to 6.08 +/- 0.2 ml O2/min - 100 g liver (mean +/- S.E.M.). O2-uptake of the intestine was found to be 1.95 +/- 0.13 ml O2/min - 100 g tissue, related to a normal blood flow of 50 ml/min - 100 g tissue. With low oxygen supply O2 extraction in the liver reaches values of 97%, whereas the intestinal extraction does not surpass 75%. A rise in oxygen supply surmounting normal values does not increase the O2-consumption. Contrary to the intestinal circulation the liver showed no postocclusive vasodilatation. The oxygen debt was payed back by a greater extraction. The portal oxygen supply to the liver can markedly increase due to intestinal metabolic hyperemia. High O2-extraction capacity, rather than vasodilatation, is the main mechanism for matching hepatic oxygen supply with requirements. The hepatic venous blood may leave the liver with an extremely low O2-content. PMID- 1237868 TI - Effects of certain diuretics on the electrophysiological characteristics of the nephron in the rat kidney. AB - Electrophysiological micropuncture techniques were used to study the effect of certain diuretics on transtubular transport of electrolytes in the rat kidney. The mercurial diuretic novurite caused a reduction of active sodium transport in the proximal tubule, measured by short-circuit current and increased permeability of the tubular wall to ions which led to a considerable drop in transtubular potential and transepithelial resistance. Ethacrynic acid decreased the short circuit current in the proximal tubule, without changing the permeability characteristics of the nephron. Xanthine diuretic euphylline did not reduce the short-circuit current in the proximal segment of the nephron; however, it increased the transepithelial potential of the renal tubule. In the distal tubule, euphylline and ethacrynic acid increased the difference in transtubular potential, whereas novurite reduced the transtubular potential. An increase in the electrical gradient of the distal tubule as a result of euphylline and ethacrynic acid action may be responsible for increasing potassium excretion. A decrease of the transtubular potential in the potassium excretion under mercurial diuretic action. The reduction of tubular reabsorption as a result of diuretic action is due to drug effect on different levels of the transtubular-ion transport system. PMID- 1237869 TI - An analysis of the dose-response curve at voltage-clamped frog-endplates. AB - The agonist concentration--endplate conductance relation was examined for a number of agonists (such as carbachol, alkyl trimethylammonium salts, choline and decamethonium). The endplate current evoked varied as Imax [a/(a + K)]2, where a is the agonist concentration and Imax and K are agonist-specific parameters. This finding suggests that the endplate receptor has 2 equivalent subunits which bind agonist approximately non-cooperatively. The liganded subunits then switch to an active conformation with a probability that depends on the nature of the agonist. Both subunits must adopt the active conformation for the channel to open, but the transitions of the subunits could be either independent or concerted. PMID- 1237870 TI - Drug interactions at the motor endplate. AB - The effect of bath applied agonists and reversible and irreversible antagonists upon the endplate currents produced by agonists applied either iontophoretically or in the bath was studied quantitatively. Agonist-agonist interaction (both potentiation and inhibition) can be accounted for satisfactorily by postulating independent binding and conformation change in 2 equivalent receptor subunits. With tubocurarine only slight deviations from competitive inhibition of agonist binding were detected. The action of bungarotoxin was in good agreement with this model and was studied kinetically. PMID- 1237871 TI - Letter: Cellular localization of L-arginine reabsorption in proximal tubules of rat kidney cortex. PMID- 1237872 TI - Letter: Cardiac ventricular automaticity induced by current of injury. PMID- 1237873 TI - Changes of ribosomal capacity for protein synthesis, contraction and histochemical properties of muscle after implantation of fast nerve into denervated and into self-reinnervated slow soleus muscle of the rat. AB - The ribosomal capacity for protein synthesis in the fast extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat is markedly higher than in the slow soleus muscle. Implantation of the "fast" peroneal nerve into the denervated or into the self reinnervated soleus muscle results in transformation (increase) of capacity of isolated ribosomes for protein synthesis into that of the fast muscle type. The degree of transformation is higher after implantation into the self-reinnervated than into the denervated soleus muscle. A high degree of recovery of weight and tetanic tension output is recorded after the "fast" nerve implantation. The effect of transformation with respect to contraction properties is considerably more marked in the case of heteroinnervation of the denervated muscle and persists even after 5 months of heteroinnervation. Transformation of the histochemical muscle fibre pattern is also more pronounced after heteroinnervation of the denervated than self-reinnervated soleus muscle; the muscle acquires the fibre pattern of the fast extensor digitorum longus muscle. The acquisition of the reciprocal pattern of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes suggests that the activation of protein synthesis induced by the foreign "fast" nerve supply is coupled with the operation of specific RNA species. PMID- 1237875 TI - A simple method for the sampling of respiratory gas in conscious dogs. AB - A method is presented for the sampling of respiratory gas in conscious animals, using a catheter with the tip implanted in the roof of the nasal cavity and the other end exteriorized beyond the external protuberance of the occiput. The operation procedure is simple and serious postoperative complications have not been encountered. The method has been used extensively for the continuous measurement of Po2 and PCO2 in respiratory gas of conscious dogs. PMID- 1237874 TI - The influence of innervation on the differentiation of contractile speeds of developing chick muscles. AB - 1. The role of innervation of the differentiation of contractile speeds was studied in the slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and fast posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle of the chick. 2. These muscles become innervated during the 12th and 15th day of embryonic development. At this time both muscles contract and relax extremely slowly and their contractile speeds are very similar. By the 18th day their contraction and relaxation becomes more rapid. It is at this time that the contractile characteristics of both muscles also become very different from each other, ALD being about 3 times slower than PLD. Thus innervation percedes differentiation of contractile speeds by several days. 3. The influence of innervation on the contractile characteristics of developing slow and fast muscles was studied during muscle regeneration in adults. When a slow ALD muscle was minced and implanted in place of a fast PLD the newly regenerated ALD became innervated by a PLD nerve and resembled a fast PLD. Conversely, when PLD muscles were minced and replaced ALD the regenerated PLD was innervated by ALD nerve and became slow. 4. Histological examination revealed that the regenerated ALD became focally innervated, and the regenerated PLD multiply innervated. 5. Thus, the contractile speeds are not predetermined properties of the muscle fibre. Both contractile characteristic and the pattern of innervation of developing muscles are determined by the motor nerve. PMID- 1237876 TI - Humoral transmission of sleep. IX. Activity and concentration of the sleep peptide delta in cerebral and systemic blood fractions. AB - 1. In order to obtain information about production and activity of the "sleep factor delta", characterized as oligopeptide with MW approximately 860, the peptide concentration (in nM/g dry dialysate) and the EEG delta activity of the corresponding dialysate (delta percent and integral of delta increase) were determined for cerebral blood from the dural venous sinus, systemic blood from the femoral vein and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from sleeping and alert rabbit donors. 2. Before hypnogenic or walking stimulation all hemodialysates exhibit a basic peptide concentration (26 nM/g dry dialysate) and a corresponding basic delta activity (231 muV X sec delta integral within 6 sec). 3. The electric thalamic stimulation of donors, with parameters inducing orthodox delta-sleep, parallely increases the delta peptide concentration (160 nM/g) and its activity (543 muV X sec delta integral) in cerebral blood dialysate. 4. The cerebral blood plasma dialyzed in vitro after hypnogenic thalamic stimulation exhibits a still higher peptide concentration (197 nM/g) and delta activity (804 muV X sec), increased at will by using a steeper diffusion gradient in the dialyzer (possibility of extracting more peptide). 5. By contrast, the systemic femoral blood plasma, similarly dialyzed in vitro develops a weaker delta activity (646 muV X sec) than cerebral blood plasma, in spite of a higher peptide concentration (275 nM/g). This dissociation suggests an activity marked by concomittant waking factors added to the cerebral blood during passage through the hindlimbs musculature. 6. The fact that cerebral blood dialyzed in vivo in walking donors has no delta activity (-313 muV X sec) in spite of a minimal delta peptide concentration (10 nM/g) confirms the assumption that walking factors may mask the peptide activity. Additionally, it shows that they may also antagonize the peptide production. The sleep cycle seems to be regulated not only by neural, rapid acting antagonistic mechanisms, but also by humoral, slower acting antagonistic factors. 7. Cerebrospinal fluid withdrawn from sleeping donors induces insignificant changes in recipients, probably because of too small a peptide concentration in this fluid. PMID- 1237877 TI - Influences of chronic denervation of the carotid bifurcation regions on panting in the sheep. AB - The respiratory response of conscious sheep subjected to severe heat stress has been assessed before and up to 17 weeks after bilateral denervation of the carotid bifurcations. The characteristic response of the intact animal comprises an initial phase of rapid, shallow panting, superseded by panting of a slower, deeper form which results in a severe respiratory alkalosis; this was not significantly altered by the denervation. However, during recovery from heat stress, denervated animals developed a marked hypoxaemia and tachycardia. Blood pressure was much more labile in denervated animals. After denervation, resting arterial PCO2 was higher, PO2 was lower, and blood pressure and heart rate were higher; with the lapse of weeks, these parameters returned towards pre denervation levels although the carotid bodies remained inactive. It is concluded that the carotid bodies do not play a significant role in control of the biphasic pattern of panting during severe heat stress, but that they normally prevent post hyperventilation hypocapnic hypoxaemia during recovery. Further, the respiratory pattern during heat stress is the results of an overwhelming thermoregulatory drive, whereas the pattern during recovery is the result of a balance between arterial and medullary chemoreceptor activity, Finally, the carotid bodies normally play a significant role in determining the 'set-point' for CO2 regulation, but in their absence respiratory control mechanism adapt over a considerable time period. PMID- 1237878 TI - Relationship between perfusion pressure and renin release in the isolated rat kidney. AB - Isolated rat kidneys were perfused with either a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution containing a gelatine preparation (Haemaccel, 35 g/1) or with a suspension of washed bovine red blood cells (RBC). Wh en perfusion pressure (PP) was varied repeatedly in the range between 30 and 210 mm Hg autoregulation of renal plama flow (RPF) was almost complete in RBC perfused kidneys. Changes of PP by steps of 20 mm Hg at intervals of 5 min resulted in an incomplete autoregulation of RPF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Renin release (RR) was inversely related to PP in the range between 50 and 150 mm Hg, while perfusion at a pressure below or above that range had no further effect on RR. The most marked increase in RR was obtained, when PP was reduced from 90 to 70 mm Hg. After reduction of PP, an increase in RR was measurable within 1 min, and a maximum was reached after 5 min. In kidneys perfused with a cell-free medium at a PP of 45 mm Hg for up to 30 min, RR remained elevated for the entire period of pressure reduction. Injection of microspheres into the renal artery resulted in a prompt decrease of RPF, GFR and urinary sodium excretion, but the values returned towards control levels within 15 min; RR increased only transiently after a short initial fall. PMID- 1237880 TI - Letter: Blood lactate response to continuous and intermittent running in the rat. PMID- 1237879 TI - An analysis of calcium-magnesium antagonism in contractility and ionic balance in isolated trabecular muscle of rat ventricle. AB - The influence of elevated Mg (20mM) on mechanical response fibre electrolyte composition and Ca-exchange, as a function of external Ca concentration, has been studied in an isolated trabecular muscle column of rat ventricle. At [Ca]o 2.5 mM, cellular Mg-content increased in 20 mM [Mg]o without effect on contractility or fibre content of other electrolytes. As [Ca]0 was reduced from 2.5 mM, 20 MM Mg caused progressive inhibition of contractile response of muscle to electrical stimulation. In both resting and stimulated trabeculae the intrafibre Mg-content rapidly increased and Ca-content fell in the initial 20 min incubation in reduced (1.5 or 0.75 mM) Ca, as the contractile response declined. Subsequent restoration of [Ca]0 to 2.5 mM restored contractile response in the presence of high Mg concentration. Exposure of trabeculae to high Mg also caused a significant decrease in 45-Ca exchange in a muscle calcium-pool exchanging with t1/2 7 min when [Ca]0 was 1.5 mM, but had no effect on Ca-exchange when [Ca]0 was 2.5 mM. The effect of high Mg on exchange of Ca indicated that displacement of a fraction of superficially-bound muscle Ca was responsible for the diminished contractile response in Mg-loaded trabeculae. PMID- 1237881 TI - Application of fluorescamine to the study of protein-DNA interactions. AB - The reactivity of alpha-amino groups of basic proteins towards fluorescamine is essentially abolished if salt linkages with DNA phosphate groups are formed. This observation prompted the elaboration of a very general assay which allows the determination of binding parameters for the interaction of proteins with DNA and chromatin. Protamines, labeled with fluorescamine prior to their binding by DNA appear to be useful probes to monitor the formation and nature of DNA-protein complexes. PMID- 1237883 TI - [Physarum polycephalum-the model for biochemical investigations of the cell cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237884 TI - [Catabolism of lysine in mammalian tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237882 TI - [Diagnosis, prevention and therapy of pigeon breeder's lung]. PMID- 1237885 TI - Proof of mycotoxicoses being a field problem and a simple method for their control. AB - A field trial in which moldy caked feed was removed from the feed delivery truck, storage bins, conveyors, and feeding troughs by scrubbing and disinfecting resulted in improved body weight, pigmentation, and carcass grade of broiler chickens. This improvement which occurred despite the presence of only small and infrequent quantities of aflatoxin and ochratoxin suggest that mycotoxicoses, as yet undefined, can have a deleterious economic effect and further suggests that the mycotoxicoses can be partially controlled by simple preventive measures. PMID- 1237886 TI - Changes in relative aggressiveness and social dominance associated with selection for early egg production in chickens. AB - We tested the hypothesis that artificial selection for early reproductive performance of chickens kept under competitive conditions increases aggressiveness and social dominance. Two populations subjected to long-term selection for number of eggs laid before 40 weeks of age and the unselected control population from which they derived were used. Results generally supported the hypothesis but indicated that increased aggressiveness associated with such selection may characterize the adolescent period only. For one of the selected strains, rank for aggressiveness and social dominance between adolescence and full maturity was reversed, relative to the control population. Associations between increased aggressiveness (and social dominance) and decreased age at sexual maturity are discussed, along with implications as to the role of social status and reproductive performance when different genetic strains compete within flocks. PMID- 1237887 TI - [Effect of the chemical nature of the carbon source in the medium on the makeup of the biomass]. AB - The yeast Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis, Trichosporon cutaneum were cultivated on the synthetic medium containing additions of group B vitamins (biotin, thiamin) and glucose, glycerol of lactic acid as the sole source. The protein content, amino acid composition, nucleic acids and complex B vitamins were identified in the resultant biomass. The carbon source in the medium affected these indices. The protein and nucleic acid content also depended on the yeast strain. PMID- 1237888 TI - Effect of processing temperature on some indices of nutritional significance for micronized soya beans. PMID- 1237889 TI - Effect of micronizing on the utilization of soya beans by growing rats. PMID- 1237890 TI - The role of interferon in the spontaneous regression of Friend virus induced leukemia. AB - The spontaneous regression of leukemia induced by RFV (the regressing strain of Friend MuLV) does not involve interferon. Inducers of interferon do not affect regression. Interferon activity in sera from infected or regressed animals is the same as that found in control sera. PMID- 1237891 TI - Adrenal gland involvement in synchronizing the preovulatory release of LH in rats. AB - In this study we have demonstrated that acute adrenalectomy (1000 hr proestrus) has no effect on the release of LH on proestrous afternoon. However, chronic adrenalectomy results in the loss of some factor responsible for synchronizing the preovulatory LH surge. Since this investigator has shown previously (15) that progesterone can influence the timing of LH release in ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized animals, it is most likely that adrenal progesterone is involved in synchronizing this event. PMID- 1237892 TI - High glucose concentration and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in human and rat fetal liver cultures. AB - In cultures of human and rat fetal liver, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increases during the first 24 hr of culturing. This increase can be suppressed by adding cycloheximide to the culture medium or by adding a high glucose concentration. This, however, applies only to human fetal liver and to fetal liver from rats obtained just before term. In younger rat fetal liver, glucose, on the contrary, increases the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. A high glucose concentration in the medium also leads to higher citrate cleavage enzyme activity and to lower alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic) activity in rat fetal liver cultures. PMID- 1237893 TI - Influence of parental lead exposure on subsequent learning ability of offspring. AB - This study was designed to assess the learning ability of rat offspring following the exposure of one or both parents to lead acetate (Pb) from 30-90 days of age. At that time, parents were mated to yield four groups: Group Pb-Pb, both parents had received Pb; Group Pb-N, only the mother had received Pb; Group N-Pb, only the father had received Pb; Group N-N, the control parents. Mothers were continued on their respective treatments throughout gestation and nursing. Testing of offspring began at 30 days of age, employing a black-white discrimination water T maze. Analysis of results revealed that the three Pb groups made more errors than the controls, but did not differ from one another. However, offspring in Group Pb-Pb had longer swimming times than those in Groups Pb-N and N-Pb, who, in turn, had longer swimming times than Group N-N. Thus dual parental exposure was more severe than single parental exposure, which, however, still exerted a detrimental effect compared to control performance. PMID- 1237894 TI - The mechanism of anti-muricidal effects of chlordiazepoxide. AB - Muricidal activity of rats is suppressed by chlordiazepoxide (CDP). At appropriate doses the CDP effect is reversed by repeated testing, by pretreatment with CDP, and by concomitant dosing with caffeine. This points to the general behavioral depressant action of CDP which undergoes tolerance as being primarily responsible for the anti-muricidal activity of CDP. PMID- 1237895 TI - Facilitated shock-induced aggression following antidepressive medication in the rat. AB - Rats were tested for changes in shock-induced fighting following treatment with antidepressants of both the dibenzazepine and monoamine oxidase inhibitor classes of drug. Rats were retested for shock-induced fighting 3, 4, and 5 days after initial injections of imipramine (10 mg/kg IP bid), or saline. All three dibenzazepine groups showed increased levels of shock-induced fighting (p less than 0-01). In addition, rats were retested for shock-induced fighting 6, 30. 54, and 78 hours following the initiation of treatment with daily injections of saline, or the monoamine oxidase inhibitors: nialamide (100 mg/kg/day), iproniazid (150 mg/kg/day), and pargyline (20 mg/kg/day). All three monoamine oxidase inhibitor groups showed increased levels of shock-induced fighting after 30 hr (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in the jump threshold of rats treated with pargyline or saline. PMID- 1237897 TI - Dopamine-B-hydroxylase activity in rat hypothalamus during the estrus cycle. AB - This experiment provides a direct test of our previous suggestion that estradiol regulates dopamine-B-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in hypothalamic loci. Anterior, medial and posterior hypothalamic slices from triplets of rats were taken during estrus and diestus and assayed for DBH activity using the technique of Molinoff et al. [15]. DBH activity was measured in hypothalamic slices on three different occasions from three triplets during the estrous phase of the cycle and also from separate triplets during the diestrous stage of the cycle. Results showed a significant increase in DBH activity during the estrous phase of the cycle. Increased activity did not appear to be anatomically localized within the tissue slices. Explanation of the results has been discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of action. PMID- 1237896 TI - Ethanol dependence in the rat: a parametric analysis. AB - Rats were maintained on liquid diets as their sole source of calories and fluid for 10, 15, 20, and 30 days. The diets consisted 35-40% of total calories in the form of ethanol. This procedure resulted in substantial ethanol intake leading to behavioral intoxication. Blood ethanol concentrations were found to be elevated throughout the day with a peak during the dark phase of the light cycle. The removal of ethanol resulted in evidence of physiological dependence, including behavioral manifestation of autonomic and somatic dysfunction and an increased susceptibility to audiogenic convulsions. Ten days of ethanol exposure was found to be sufficient for the reliable induction of ethanol dependence. Further increases in ethanol exposure resulted in increased hyperexcitability as measured by susceptibility to audiogenic convulsions. The severity of withdrawal behavior was found to be correlated with the blood ethanol concentration measured upon ethanol removal. A behavioral rating scale for the evaluation of alcohol withdrawal intensity in rats is described. PMID- 1237898 TI - Differential effects of d- and l-amphetamine on mouse-killing behavior in rats. AB - Muricidal behavior in rats was selectively antagonized by both the d- and the l isomer of amphetamine. However, d-amphetamine was approximately 8 times as potent as l-amphetamine as an inhibitor of mouse killing. The results of this study suggest that amphetamine antagonizes muricidal behavior in rats primarily via noradrenergic mechanisms. In addition, these results, as well as those in previous reports, imply that agents which modify the level of activity at central noradrenergic receptors may significantly alter the mouse-killing response of rats. PMID- 1237899 TI - Aggressive behavior and brain serotonin and catecholamines in ants (Formica rufa). AB - Serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline were analyzed in brains of the ants, Formica rufa. Experiments demonstrated that concentrations of both serotonin and adrenaline were higher in ants that displayed aggressiveness (interspecific and intrageneric) while concentrations of noradrenaline was decreased. PMID- 1237900 TI - Brain glycine and aggressive behavior. AB - Intraperitoneal glycine reduced aggressiveness caused by water deprivation or forebrain septal lesion in the rat. Nalorphine and mephenesin, drugs previously shown to elevate central glycine levels, acted in the same way as systemically administered glycine. In mice made aggressive by prolonged isolation, glycine and mephenesin acted as tranquilizers, but nalorphine failed to act. Aggressiveness in mice, induced by L-dopa or clonidine was enhanced by nalorphine and mephenesin, but was left unaffected by systemically administered glycine. Behavioral effects of glycine extend to other forms of excitation. PMID- 1237902 TI - Sexual preference in female rats during estrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation. AB - Choice of a male or female social contact was studied in intact female rats in a runway-choice apparatus during estrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation. The male was chosen significantly more often during proestrus/estrus than during the diestrous days of the cycle. During pregnancy this preference in choice declined only to reappear gradually during the lactation period. The shifts in the level of motivation to seek out the male support previous studies and point to the significance of estrogen in producing the preference for the male. PMID- 1237901 TI - Effect of selective lesioning of brain serotonin or catecholamine-containing neurons on the activity of oral steroid contraceptives in rats. AB - The effect of different dosage combinations of lynoestrenol and mestranol were studied in rats that have been subjected to selective lesioning of brain serotonin or catecholamine-containing neurons. Lesions of the midbrain raphe, which cause a marked decrease of serotonin in the forebrain, were without any effect on the estrus cycle, fertility and activity of the steroids under study. An intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, which causes a selective decrease of noradrenaline and dopamine in the forebrain, produced a transient effect only on the estrus cycle but did not significantly change the fertility or the activity of the substances investigated. The data indicate that the integrity of monoaminergic neurons in the brain is not an essential condition for the aspects investigated in the present study. PMID- 1237903 TI - Light-dark rhythms in aggressive behavior of the male golden hamster. AB - A nocturnal rhythm in aggressive behavior in the male golden hamster is described. The peak frequency of aggression occurs shortly after the time of dark onset (Experiments 1 and 3). Results suggest that the rhythm is likely to be independent from similar rhythms in non-hostile social behavior and locomotor activity. The aggression rhythm is not dependent on the illumination conditions during the 10 min testing period, but is instead a function of the time of testing relative to the LD 12:12 cycle (Experiment 2). The rhythm persists for over a week in continuous illumination and requires between 2 and 4 weeks to reentrain to a 12 hr phase shift (Experiment 4). These results support the hypothesis that the aggression rhythm is endogenous to the animal. The functional significance of the aggression rhythm and its implications for future research in aggression are also discussed. PMID- 1237904 TI - Effects of adrenalectomy on rhythmic and non-rhythmic aggressive behavior in the male golden hamster. AB - Male golden hamsters, adrenalectomized and maintained by subcutaneous implants od deoxycorticosterone-acetate (adx-DOCA), show a loss of the nocturnal rhythm in aggression seen in sham operated (sham-op) animals. A similar loss of the nocturnal aggression rhythm is evident in hamsters adrenalectomized and implanted with separate pellets of DOCA and cortisol-acetate (adx-DOCA-cortisol). However, while Adx-DOCA animals do not differ from sham-op animals in the level of aggression summed over all tests (overall aggression), the overall aggression levels of the adx-DOCA-cortisol animals are significantly higher than the levels of either the adx-DOCA or sham-op animals. Nocturnal rhythms in locomotor activity persist in all three groups. It is suggested that circadian rhythms of the pituitary-adrenocoritcal axis are important for the expression of the aggression rhythm. A possible mechanism of action is discussed. PMID- 1237905 TI - Technique for producing and measuring territorial aggression using laboratory mice. AB - A method was developed for producing and measuring territorial aggression in male CF-1 laboratory mice using a simple apparatus. The technique is based on data collected from approximately 1000 CF-1 mice in order to establish the parameters and optimize the procedures. In this technique the mouse takes up lone residence for 24 hr in a 60 cm square box attached by a tubular runway to a standard mouse (home) cage with food, water, and bedding. After this interval, a naive intruder male CF-1 mouse of the same age is introduced. Under control (no treatment) conditions, 85-90 percent of the resident mice will attack the intruder with a latency of about 5 min and all residents attacking the intruder are dominant. Dominance or submission is typically decided within the first 20 min of the test. Data on 10 pairs of mice can be collected simultaneously by one observer. Treatments can be assessed in terms of their effects on the production of aggression (percentage of animals attacking) in either the resident or the intruder, and on the level of aggression produced by recording the latency to attack, the frequency of attacks, and the number of animals wounded (showing blood) during the 20 min observation period. The advantages of the technique include the use of a naturally occurring aggressive behavior (as opposed to techniques empolying long periods of isolation, shock, or drugs), the highly reliable occurrence of aggression, the ability to study animals exposed to either aggression or defeat, the clear and valid measures of aggression produced, the simple and sturdy apparatus, and the convenience and economy of data collection. PMID- 1237906 TI - Effects of prior aversive experience upon retrograde amnesia induced by hypothermia. AB - Two experiments examined the extent to which retrograde amnesia (RA) is attenuated by prior learning experiences. In Experiment 1, rats initially received either passive avoidance training in a step-through apparatus, exposure to the apparatus, or noncontingent footshock. When training on a second but different passive avoidance task was followed by hypothermia treatment, RA was obtained only in the latter two groups. In Experiment 2, one-way active avoidance training, yoked noncontingent shocks, or apparatus exposure constituted the initial experience. Subsequent step-down passive avoidance training and amnestic treatment resulted in memory loss for the prior apparatus exposure group, but not for either of the preshocked conditions. These experiments demonstrate that certain types of prior aversive experience can substantially modify the magnitude of RA, and, in conjunction with other familiarization studies, emphasize a paradox for interpretations of RA based solely upon CNS disruption. The possibility that hypothermia treatment serves as an important contextual or encoding cue necessary for memory retrieval was considered. It was suggested that prior experience may block RA by enabling rats to differentiate training and treatment conditions. PMID- 1237907 TI - Effects of septal-fiber knife cuts on rat open-field social behavior. AB - Rats that received various septal fiber knife cuts were observed in an open-field to assess preoperative and postoperative social behaviors. Ventral septal fiber knife cuts isolated septum knife cuts and anterior-lateral knife cuts result in increases in contact time; in decreasesin aggressive behaviors/100 sec contact time; and in no change in the number of contacts. Anterior, posterior, or dorsal fiber knife cuts failed to produce significant changes in contact time, aggressive or submissive behavior, number of contacts, and activity. A postoperative decrease in initiating aggressive behaviors may explain increases in contact time following ventral septal fiber, isolated septum, and anterior lateral knife cuts. The ventral-septal fiber tracts were critical in mediating social behavior, imply that - in relation to social behavior - there is a functional connection through the ventral fibers between structures beneath the septum (hypothalamus) and the septal nuclei. PMID- 1237908 TI - Pineal influence on intermale aggression in adult house mice. AB - Previously isolated, adult male mice of a wild-derived strain were sham-operated or pinealectomized (pinx) and 14 days later were paired for 15 min, then grouped three per cage for 7 days. During 15 min pairings, mean latency to initiation of fighting was increased twofold and duration of fighting was reduced 35 to 41 percent in pairs comprised of one or both pinx animals. Although pinealectomy failed to influence which pair member initiated fighting, sham males were ranked as dominant in 75 percent of sham-pinx pairs. Pinealectomy reduced adrenal gland weights among isolated animals and increased in general the effects of social subordination in grouped males. Compared to sham subordinates, pinx subordinates experienced adrenal enlargment and twofold greater wounding and had lighter thymus glands and final body weights. Additionally, however, pinealectomy prevented atrophy of seminal vesicles among subordinates. Thus, present results suggest a role of the pineal gland in influencing intermale aggression and linking social stimuli with testis dysfunction in adult house mice. PMID- 1237909 TI - Theoretical review: a model of hormones and agonistic behavior. AB - A model of the interaction between endocrine function and agonistic responding was developed that incorporates three specific hypotheses about the relationship between hormones and agonistic behavior: (1) The baseline hormonal state of the organism contributes to the determination of whether, in what way, and how intensely the animal will react when it is exposed to appropriate environmental stimuli. (2) One function of the hormonal responses to environmental stimulation and behavioral experiences is to modify the continuing and future behavior of the individual in the same or similar situations. (3) Another function of these hormonal responses is to modify the individual's stimulus qualities so that other individuals' agonistic reactions to it will be modified. The data on hormones and agonistic behavior were reviewed in the context of this model, and some directions for future research were proposed. PMID- 1237910 TI - [Isoenzymes of p-coumarate: CoA ligase from soybean cell suspension cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237911 TI - [Metabolism of benzoic acid in cell suspension cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237912 TI - Total suppression of irritable aggression in rats by sensory deprivation. PMID- 1237913 TI - Effect of crowding and litter size on several behaviors of white rats. PMID- 1237914 TI - Induction of physical dependence upon ethanol and the associated behavioral changes in rats. AB - This paper reports findings relative to a simple, rapid and reproducible technique for the induction of physical dependence upon ethanol in the rat. The dependence was induced by intragastric intubation of 20% (w/v) ethanol solutions at 9-15 g/kg in 3-5 fractional doses daily for 4 days, maintaining blood ethanol concentrations above a threshold level sufficient to sustain observable sedation throughout the entire period of intubation. Two phases were distinguished during the withdrawal period: 1. Prodromal detoxication, characterized by a spectrum of signs and responses of diminishing severity, related to the decline in blood ethanol concentrations (mg/dl): death, greater than 640; coma, 780-460; loss of righting reflex, 640-400; ataxia 3-1, 570-250; sedation 340-190; neutrality, 220 130; 2. Ethanol dependence, characterized by a spectrum of withdrawal signs and reactions of progressively increasing severity as blood ehtanol concentration approached 100 mg/dl: hyperactivity, tremors, akinesia, spastic rigidity, and induced and spontaneous convulsions. A rapid sucession of two diverse clusters of signs and reactions represents a reversal of the central nervous system function from the extremes of ethanol intoxication (CNS depression) to the extremes of ethanol dependence (CNS hyperexcitability) during the withdrawal period. Both extremes may terminate in death. PMID- 1237915 TI - Differentiation by morphine of two types of aggressive behaviour in the convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). AB - Morphie sulfate (5 mg/l and 10 mg/l) significantly decreased the amount of territorial aggression in the convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). The same doses had no effect on predatory aggression (ingestion of brine shrimp). The data suggest that previously demonstrated morphine receptor in the fish has functional properties. PMID- 1237916 TI - An attempt to elicit cardiac orienting and defense responses in the newborn to two types of facial stimulation. PMID- 1237917 TI - [Role of ATP in DNA repair of gamma-irradiated Chinese hamster cells]. PMID- 1237920 TI - [Comparative examinations of stimulant meals for gall-bladder reflex (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237918 TI - [Radioprotective activity of serotonin and its analogs in experiments on developing ova of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus]. PMID- 1237921 TI - [Anti-gonadotropin sera and their use in studies of female reproduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237919 TI - [Mechanism of decreasing the radiosensitizing activity of N-ethylmaleimide by means of oxygen]. PMID- 1237923 TI - In situ physiological study of the developing heart. AB - Studies on cardiac muscle and whole heart isolated from the fetal and newborn lamb and adult sheep reveal striking age-dependent differences in cardiac ultrastructure, passive and active length-tension properties, force-velocity relationships, the compliance characteristics of both ventricles, myocardial energetics, and in the development of myocardial autonomic control. Isometric force development and both the extent and velocity of shortening at any load are reduced in the fetus when compared with the adult because of age-related changes in the proportion of myocardial tissue consisting of myofilaments. The distensibility characteristics of both the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) are comparable in the fetal lamb close to term. In the early newborn period the RV has compliance characteristics similar to the RV of the fetus, whereas the LV alters its stress-strain characteristics to resemble the adult. Most recently, methods have been developed for the chronic evaluation of fetal left ventricular function. Internal LV dimensions and pressures are monitored continuously from midgestation beyond delivery. PMID- 1237922 TI - Mitochondrial function and excitation-contraction coupling in the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. AB - The effect of prolonged adminstration of ehtanol on cardiac metabolism, contractility, and ultrastructure was investigated. Dogs received 400 ml of a 25 percent solution of ethanol during a period of 3-6 months. Repeated heart muscle biopsied revealed a significant diminution in the activity of intramitochondrial NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase in the animals exposed to alcohol. Oxidative, phosphorylation of mitochondria was measured polarographically using a vibrating oxygen electrode; respiratory control index and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were markedly reduced (p less than 0.001). Myocardial ATP content was significantly diminished (p less than 0.025). Electron microscopic changes observed consisted of mitochondrial degeneration, dehiscence of intercalated discs, and dilatation of intercellular spaces. The average force velocity curve was shifted downward and to the left in afterloaded contractions with a significant depression of Vmax (p less than 0.01). Both calcium binding and calcium uptake of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum were inhibited. These results suggest that a disorder in the generation of energy and a defect in calcium binding by subcellular membranes may be the determinant events leading to impaired myocardial function in the course of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 1237924 TI - Early polyribosomal and lysosomal changes in the liver of rats poisoned with Amanita phalloides or phalloidin. AB - 30 min after poisoning with Amanita phalloides extract or phalloidin, rat liver polyribosomes appear strongly dissociated, and a small increase of free phosphatase activity is evident. A cycloheximide pretreatment prevents the polyribosome dissociation, without protecting against the lysosomal change. This indicates that the polysomal derangement is not due to a hydrolytic breakdown of messenger RNA. Phalloidin, added in vitro either to a liver cell-free system, or to isolated hepatocytes, does not inhibit their amino acid incorporating activity. The polysome dissociation, therefore, is dependent on changes induced by phalloidin when the liver cell is "in situ". PMID- 1237926 TI - [Amendments to tables of composition and nutritive values of food products. I. Composition and nutritive value of soup concentrates as well as some meat products (sausages, pork meat products)]. PMID- 1237925 TI - Differential effect of cannabinol and cannabidiol on THC-induced responses during abstinence in morphine-dependent rats. AB - The same dose of cannabinol (CBN) or cannabidiol (CBD) further increased the attenuation of precipitated abstinence signs observed in morphine-dependent rats that also received an acute dose of delta 9-THC. By contrast, rotational behavior (turning), which is observed concomitantly in THC-treated rats during morphine abstinence, was not increased by CBN, but was potentiated by CBD. These data illustrate differences between psychoinactive cannabinoids in their interaction with delta 9-THC that might be relevant to possible clinical use of Cannabis in narcotic detoxification. PMID- 1237927 TI - [Perinatal mortality in Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 1237928 TI - Inter- and intra-laboratory variation of haemoglobin measurement. AB - The preparation of a stable and inexpensive equine haemoglobin solution for quality control of haemoglobin measurement is described. Twenty-one different batches of the preparation were analysed by 19 hospital laboratories during a 19 month period, and the results of 4457 determinations are evaluated. Systematic divergences between laboratories were found to contribute to the variability of haemoglobin measurement more than random variation. Interlaboratory variation was mainly due to different types of automated techniques, the frequency of the calibration of photometers, the use of different reagent solutions, and the qualification of laboratory staff. Intralaboratory variation was related to the frequency of the calibration of photometers and the qualification of the laboratory staff. The data reported in this study indicate the usefulness of the test preparation for the quality control of haemoglobin measurements. PMID- 1237929 TI - Letter: Blockade of morphine abstinence by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. PMID- 1237930 TI - Parietal eyes in lizards: zoogeographical correlates. AB - Lizards without parietal eyes tend to be restricted to low latitudes, whereas lizards with parietal eyes are successful at higher latitudes also. These zoogeographical data, along with current theories of parietal eye physiology, strongly suggest that the overall significance of the parietal eye to lizards as a group is that it facilitates survival at higher latitudes, thus making possible the exploitation of a wider variety of habitats. PMID- 1237931 TI - Makisterone A:a 28-carbon hexahydroxy molting hormone from the embryo of the milkweed bug. AB - Makisterone A is the predominant ecdysone in the 96 +/- 4-hour-old embryo of the large milkweed bug and it is the first molting hormone with a C-24 alkyl substituent of the side chain to be isolated and identified from an insect. In addition, unknown compounds that may represent other C28 ecdysones were detected in very low concentrations. The milkweed bug could well possess a biosynthetic metabolic pathway for C28 molting hormones instead of or in addition to known pathways for the C27 ecdysones. PMID- 1237932 TI - Stage-specific switches in histone synthesis during embryogenesis of the sea urchin. AB - Histones H2A and H2B of the sea urchin embryo have been resolved by new methods into components that are synthesized at different stages of development. One form of H2A and one form of H2B are synthesized only during the period from fertilization to the blastula stage. Subsequently, two other types of H2A and H2B molecules are synthesized. In addition, a histonelike protein was detected which is synthesized only from fertilization until the 16-cell stage when the synthesis of still another H2A-like protein begins. None of the late-appearing forms are derived from histone polypeptide chains synthesized earlier in development. Since the early components do not disappear after their synthesis stops, these modulations of histone synthesis lead to an increase in histone multiplicity, concomitant with the beginning of cell diversification and a decrease in cell division rate. PMID- 1237933 TI - Infectious etiology of neuritic (senile) plaques in mice. AB - Brains of inbred female VM mice infected with scrapie agent were studied with the use of the Bodian silver impregnation method and by electron microscopy. In brains affected with scrapie, after an incubation period of between 587 and 655 days, numerous primitive, classical, and amyloid plaques were found. No plaques of any type were seen in the control mice. PMID- 1237934 TI - Structural chemistry of the axoneme: evidence for chemically and functionally unique tubulin dimers in outer fibers. PMID- 1237935 TI - Induction of amoeboid movement in marine eggs. PMID- 1237936 TI - [Sheehan's syndrome. Report of a case]. PMID- 1237937 TI - [Some diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in renal injuries in children]. PMID- 1237938 TI - Effect of direct electrical current on chick nerve cells cultured in rose chambers. AB - The effect of direct current on nerve cells from chick embryo cerebral hemispheres cultivated on collagen in Rose chambers was investigated. The following are the main results: (i) no orientation of the nerve fibres was ever observed; and (ii) depending on the current density and on the time of exposure to current, the nerve cells were either unaffected or destroyed. PMID- 1237939 TI - A protein dietary supplement for the severe dumping syndrome. AB - A protein dietary supplement has been developed for use in patients with severe dumping symptoms unresponsive to the usual medical regimens. The supplement, consisting entirely of casein and soy, is given three times a day and supplies 1,155 calories. This has not been associated with dumping symptoms or diarrhea. Three patients with severe malnutrition from the dumping syndrome were given the supplement over a six month period. They all evidenced rapid weight gain and maintained the weight gain even after the supplement was discontinued. PMID- 1237940 TI - [Viral hepatitis and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1237942 TI - Insanity as a defense and the Texas Penal Code of 1974. PMID- 1237941 TI - The patient as person: an empty phrase? PMID- 1237943 TI - The comparative ultrastructure of fibrin induced by thrombin and by staphylocoagulase. AB - Fibrin induced by the action of thrombin and by staphylocoagulase was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Periodic striations were consistently observed in the negatively stained preparations of both fibrins. When 4200 major periods in the thrombin fibrin system were measured the mean length was 228 A. For 3666 major periods in the coagulase fibrin system the mean length was 223 A. While the T test analysis of these values gave a value of 10, it is noteworthy that the differences are well within the scatter of periodicity reported in the literature for thrombin-induced fibrin. Gross inspection of the preparations indicated that the coagulase-induced fibrin had a knottier appearance and was accompanied by a greater amount of background debris than the thrombin-induced fibrin. PMID- 1237944 TI - Determinants of the formation and activity of factor V-phospholipid complexes. I. Influence of phospholipid structure. AB - Previous studies showed that factor V consists of multiple oligomeric forms including a minor component (form L) which contained lipid and was eluted in the excluded volume of a Sepharose 4B column. In the present and following study the hypothesis that factor V is a lipid requiring protein rather than a lipoprotein has been tested. Modification of a previous purification procedure resulted in the separation of factor V from lipoprotein. The lipid extracted from this lipoprotein was qualitatively similar to that previously isolated from form L. Removal of this lipoprotein by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation resulted in the isolation of factor V of high specific activity which contained no detectable phospholipid and less than 0.2% cholesterol. No component was excluded from Sepharose 4B after gel filtration of this purified preparation. It is concluded that factor V is not a lipoprotein, but rather a protein which requires lipid for its coagulant properties. To define this requirement further the ability of factor V-phospholipid complexes to accelerate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by factor Xa in the presence of calcium was tested. The rate of thrombin formation was highly dependent on the phospholipid employed with each active phospholipid exhibiting a characteristic optimal concentration. At 250 muM, the order of activity was phosphatidyl ethanolamine greater than phosphatidyl inositol greater than cardiolipin greater than phosphatidyl choline. Phosphatidyl serine was inert at all concentrations employed. No single fatty acid was consistently present in active lipid preparations, nor was a specific fatty acid absent from those which had no clotting activity. In comparing different lipid classes, a direct relationship between the overall degree of unsaturation and activity was not observed. However, bovine phosphatidyl inositol, which is highly unsaturated, is active, while plant phosphatidyl inositol, which contains only trace amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, were inert. At lipid concentrations below 300 muM, saturated phosphatidyl ethanolamine produced by hydrogenation of bovine phosphatidyl ethanolamine was less active than an equal concentration of the native lipid. In mixtures containing both lipids, artificially saturated phosphatidyl ethanolamine potentiated the activity of the native compound. PMID- 1237945 TI - Standard for human thrombin. AB - Ten laboratories took part in an international study of the proposed standard for human thrombin. A freeze-dried preparation (coded 70/157) was shown, using clotting time tests, to be suitable to serve as a standard for the assay of human and bovine thrombin preparations. The study shows that assay variation within laboratories was much less than between laboratories. The preparation was stable, having a negligible estimated loss of potency after ten years under the recommended storage conditions (--20 degrees C in the dark). Each ampoule of the standard was assigned a potency of 100 units of thrombin activity, and one unit was defined as the activity contained in 0.0853 mg of the freeze-dried preparation. It was agreed by the participants in the study and by the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Vienna, 1973) that the thrombin preparation coded 70/157 is suitable to serve as an international standard for human thrombin. PMID- 1237946 TI - Letter: The fibrin plate assay -- some crucial conditions. PMID- 1237947 TI - Proceedings: Purification and characterization of bilokinase, a biliary plasminogen activator. PMID- 1237948 TI - Proceedings: Purification of human urokinase and its topographical localisation in renal parenchyma. PMID- 1237949 TI - Proceedings: Quick-time standardization. PMID- 1237950 TI - Direct effects of acryl bone cement monomer on isolated heart muscle. AB - Experiments were carried out in isolated dog heart muscle to determine the direct effect of acryl bone cement monomer on the myocardial contractility. The monomer caused a dose-dependent decrease in the maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) and the maximum force development (Fm), consequently resulting in a leftward shift of the force-velocity relation curves. There was also a concomitant decrease in work, power, the maximum rate of force development (max dF/dt) and time to peak force (TPF) from the onset of force development. These results indicate that acryl bone cement monomer exerts a direct negative inotropic effect on the myocardium and that the myocardial depression due to free monomer absorbed from the mixed bone cement into the systemic circulation during operation seems to be one of the major causes of the cardiovascular complications associated with the clinical application of bone cement. PMID- 1237951 TI - Metabolism and disposition of ferbam in the rat. PMID- 1237952 TI - Diphenylhydantoin inhibits ionic excitation of mouse neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 1237953 TI - Perceptual effects of surgical rotation of the eye in kittens. PMID- 1237954 TI - The effects of GABA, Picrotoxin and bicuculline on the spontaneous bioelectric activity of cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells. AB - Addition of GABA to the bathing medium in concentrations of 10(-6) to 10(-5) M abolished the spontaneous bioelectric activity of rat Purkinje cells in vitro. Lower concentrations of GABA (less than or equal to 10(-6) M) influenced the firing pattern of spontaneous discharges in such a way that the relative number of long interspike intervals increased. The inhibitory effect of GABA was reversible; the cells resumed normal activity after being transferred to a normal balanced salt solution. The action of GABA was antagonized by bicuculline and picrotoxin, whereas strychnine was unable to overcome the inhibition induced by GABA. Both bicuculline (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) and picrotoxin (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) exerted an excitatory effect on cultured Purkinje cells when added to the medium. This excitatory action suggests the existence of inhibitory synapses in cultures of rat cerebellum in which endogenous GABA is used as a transmitter. The ratio between the dose of picrotoxin and that of bicuculline necessary to produce maximal excitation was in the order of 10(3). Both substances showed an inhibitory action at high concentrations. PMID- 1237955 TI - Intestinal helminths in dogs and cats on the Antillian Islands Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire. AB - An investigation into the prevalence, identity and size of population of intestinal helminths in dogs and cats was carried out in the Dutch Antillian Islands, Curacao, Bonaire and Aruba during April and May 1974. Ninety-one dogs and 83 cats were examined. In all, 4,824 helminths were isolated and identified. The following species were isolated from dogs: Dipylidium caninum (most frequent), Ancylostoma caninum (frequent in Curacao), Toxocara, Taenia hydatigena and Ancylostoma braziliense. Species isolated from cats: Dipylidium caninum (most frequent) Ancylostoma tubaeforme (frequent in Curacao), Oncicola canis, Taenia taeniaformis, Spirometra (mansonoides), Platynosomum (fastosum), Toxocara, Trichuris and Thelazia. The man-infecting hookworm species Ancylostoma ceylanicum was not found at all and A. braziliense was only found in dogs in Aruba in light infections. Remarkable differences in the prevalence of parasitic infections were demonstrated between Curacao and the two other islands Aruba and Bonaire, especially regarding the frequency and worm burden of the hookworms. It was suspected that this was due to the recent increase in the number of dogs in Curacao. PMID- 1237956 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the inner ear as a screening test for ototoxicity]. PMID- 1237957 TI - Physiology of man during a 10-day dry heliox saturation dive (SEATOPIA) to 7 ata. i. cardiovascular and thermoregulatory functions. PMID- 1237958 TI - Testis tumors: review of 125 cases at the Cleveland Clinic. AB - One hundred twenty-five cases of testicular tumor are reviewed. The prognostic significance of clinical features, certain laboratory test results, and histologic type are evaluated, and treatment results are presented. The most important prognostic clinical feature is the presence or absence of clinically evident metastases. The urinary gonadotropin levels are useful prognostically, but the intravenous pyelogram and lymphangiogram are statistically unreliable. The presence of tumor in retroperitoneal lymph nodes influenced survival only in the patients with embryonal carcinoma. Tumor type influenced survival more than any other pathologic factor. Vascular invasion, local extension, and Leydig cell hyperplasia did not correlate with tumor behavior in germinal neoplasms. Patients with clinical Stage IA or IB teratocarcinoma had an 85 per cent survival rate with a wide variety of treatment. PMID- 1237960 TI - [Generalized protothecosis in a fruit bat (Pteropus lylei)]. AB - Prototheca organisms, histologically resembling Prototheca wickerhamii, were found in a fruit bat as a cause of a massive granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis and a widespread granulomatous meningoencephalitis. Focal lesions were also present in the myocardium, in skeletal muscles, and in the kidneys. PMID- 1237959 TI - Clinical toxicities of pet and caged rodents and rabbits. PMID- 1237961 TI - [Splenoportography in cancer of the resected stomach]. PMID- 1237962 TI - [Interdependence of milk production and the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows]. AB - Studied was the milk productivity (milk yield and butterfat percent) of 255 normal and 255 diseased cows with subclinical mastitis, both groups pertaining to the Bulgarian Brown breed within the region of the Sofia Pedigree Breeding Inspection. All animals were examined at one and the same time during the period of their third lactation, and the milk productivity data obtained referred to the same period. It was established that there were no statistically significant variations between milk productivity data of the healthy cows and those of the cows with subclinical mastitis for a 300 day period. The relative number of cows with subclinical mastitis showing a milk yield of up to 4000 kg was lower as compared with the same number of the negatively reacting cows. On the other hand, cows showed yields of more than 4000 kg milk manifested reverse trends. PMID- 1237963 TI - [Study of some biological peculiarities of Argas persicus]. AB - It has been found that temperatures ranging from 22 to 38 degrees C are optimal for the development of Argas persicus. Under such conditions the average duration of the whole cycle ranges within the limits of 41 to 133 days. Under conditions favourable for the development of the parasite certain irregularities in the nymph stage of the individual generations have been observed. In some of these up to 97 per cent of the second-stage nymphs transform into imago. This is said to be the main reason for the faster propagation and distribution of the ticks. Adult females that lay eggs for the first time are of considerably higher potential fertility than those that have already passed through several gonotrophic cycles. Under optimal conditions the biologic cycle of the parasite does not discontinue during the whole year. It has been demonstrated that in each feeding the adult ticks engorge about 30 mg of blood and can thus endure fasting for more than 8 years. PMID- 1237964 TI - Analysis of transformed cell variants of BHK21 C13 isolated as survivors of adenovirus type 5 infections. PMID- 1237965 TI - [Effect of N-nitroso compounds and aminoazo compound on organ cultures of human embryonal kidney]. AB - It was shown that embryonal tissue of human kidney could be explanted into organ cultures during 3-4 weeks. In the immediate effect of N-methyl nitrosurea (NMU), dimethyl nitrosamine (DMNA) and orthoamino-azotoluole (OAAT) a considerable number of hyperplastic epithelial growths was revealed, various types of morphological changes: tubular epithelium hyperplasia, glomerular epithelium hyperplasia and mixed hyperplasia (simultaneous hyperplasia in tubular and glomerular epithelium) being noted. Their frequency increased as the experiment proceeded, and also was dependent on the carcinogen concentration in a nutrient medium. NMU mostly produced a hyperplastic growth in tubular epithelium, DMNA--in glomerular epithelium while OAAT resulted in enhancement of hyperplastic processes in tubular and glomerular epithelium. PMID- 1237966 TI - [Transplantable cancer of the urinary bladder and hemangiopericytoma obtained by means of the ectopic transplantation of tissues of the fetal urinary bladder]. AB - Organ-like cysts appear to develop after subcutaneous transplantation of minced tissues of fetal urinary bladder into adult syngeneic recipients. These are multilocular cysts lined with epithelium and filled with secretion. Many months later they undergo a spontaneous malignant tranformation. Transplantable strains of vesical cancer and hemangiopericytoma have been obtained. PMID- 1237967 TI - [Primary angiosarcoma of the right auricle]. PMID- 1237968 TI - Ciliotoxicity of cigarette smoke and adenylate kinase. PMID- 1237970 TI - A gravimetric adaptation of the filter paper press method for the determination of water-binding capacity. AB - A gravimetric adaptation of the filter paper press method for the determination of water-binding capacity in meat was developed and its sensitivity was compared to that of the conventional planimetric technique of the method. Both the gravimetric and planimetric techniques were applied to samples of cooked fish treated with various water binders. The mean results of the samples were grouped and compared using an analysis of variance. In all comparisons, the gravimetric data produced higher F-values than did the planimetric data for the same samples. This indicated greater senstivity for the gravimetric technique. PMID- 1237969 TI - [Study of the endostyle of the lamprey larva in relation to the problem of the evolution of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 1237971 TI - [Ethology and phylogeny of the family Belontiidae (Anabantoidei, pisces)]. AB - 1. The behavioural patterns of the following species of the family Belontiidae were qualitatively examined and compared with each other: Colisa lalia, C. fasciata, C. chuna, Trichogaster trichopterus, T. leeri, T. microlepis, Macropodu, opercularis, Pseudosphromenus (Macropodus) cupanus cupanus, Betta splendens, Trichopsis pumilus, T. vittatus vittatus, T. vittatus schalleri, Belontia signata and the hybrids Colisa fasciata X lalia. 2. Among other points the paper puts some emphasis on the description of the reproductive behaviour of the various species (nest building, mating, parental behaviour). In addition aspects of feeding and fighting behaviour are described. 3. The subfamilies established by Liem (1963) on the basis of osteological characteristics can also be substantiated ethologically. 4. Liem's conception of the phylogeny of Belontiidae is criticized. His system conceiving phylogeny as a process of branching off successively is contrasted with a phylogenetic fan. The subfamilies Belontiinae, Trichogasterinae and Macropodinae differentiated almost at the same time. 5. The genus of Macropodus has a very isolated position within the sub family of Macropodinae. The remaining genera are on a higher level of development regarding their reproductive behaviour. As a result of the paper Pseudosphromenus (Macropodus) cupanus has to be eliminated from the genus of Macropodus. PMID- 1237973 TI - [10-year results with Tarjan's cervical surgery]. PMID- 1237972 TI - [Unusual manifestation of lipocalcinogranulomatosis (Teutschlander) within the placenta (author's transl)]. AB - Lipocalcinosis placentae is reported on a 27 years old primipara, who showed lipocalcinogranulomatosis since childhood. The absence of the typical granulomatous tissue with giant cells of foreign body may type be explained by the particular localization and with the absence of mechanical injuries. Despite of the widespread necrosis and calcinosis, abortion did not occur. The remaining chorionic villi have compensated the defect by hyperplasia and hyperaemia, which points to the fact, that a severe dystrophic placenta calcinosis may not necessarily result to abortion. The localisation of lipocalcinosis within the placenta points to a primary thesaurismosis and not to a circumscribed disturbance of lipid metabolism. It is reported on the result of lipid analysis of the placenta. Comparable changes in the different stages of atherosclerosis are discussed. PMID- 1237974 TI - [Collateral circulation in the small pelvis after ligation of both internal iliac arteries]. AB - In the course of a caesarean section the uterine vessels of one side are severed, the bleeding is stopped by bilateral ligation of the internal iliac (hypogastric) arteries. Sufficient collateral circulation in the true pelvis is proved by arteriography on the 6th postoperative day. The findings are discussed. PMID- 1237975 TI - [Myoma and pregnancy]. AB - According to Kayser myomas occur in 20% of all women over the age of 35. Such patients require special attention from their obstetrician. Although the presence of small myomas may not necessarily interfere with the pregnancy, they can start to grow quite rapidly at this time. In such cases the rates of abortion and premature birth are enhanced and there are often serious puerperal complications. It is therefore recommended that the nodes are enucleated during early pregnancy. Here a 20% abortion rate is to be expected. In the case of large myomas it is necessary for postpartum to be supervised individually. Here two cases are reported, one conservative with long puerperium and one operative with twin pregnancy. Both patients were discharged with healthy infants. PMID- 1237976 TI - [Results of a standard value determination concerning newborn infants in the German Democratic Republic. IV. Methodological problems of the determination]. AB - Proof of the data are characterized and recommended, which have been executed at the data of the newborns. Both definitions of the percentiles used in the similar measurements are compared with their advantages and disadvantages. The exactness of the results contained in the 1st and 2nd paper is presented in a table. PMID- 1237977 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in juvenile primigravidae]. AB - A report is given on 100 juvenile primigravidae delivered in the period from 1965 to 1973. Course of pregnancy, delivery, postpartum period, rate of premature infants, and perinatal mortality are evaluated. EPH gestosis was observed in juvenile primigravidae at a rate approximately twice that encountered in the total number of all pregnant women. This group of patients is characteristic in that intensive care for pregnant women is required in both out-patient and in patient treatment. In addition, intensive care for pregnant women has the target of minimising the increased rate of premature infants and the associated elevated perinatal mortality. PMID- 1237978 TI - [Studies on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in alveolar-macrophages. II. Kinetics of metabolism and characterization of the metabolites (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this communication is to study the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by alveolar macrophages from guinea pigs. A column chromatographic technique using a gradient elution (fig. 1) followed by thin layer chromatography has been employed to separate the metabolites. Alveolar macrophages in culture produce metabolites (fig. 2), which remain predominantly in the cells (tab. 1). The presence of serum in the medium modifies the kind of metabolites formed (fig. 3,4). In order to identify the metabolites, the products formed by liver microsomes from benzo(a)pyrene have been separated (fig. 5), and spectroscopically characterised. Unknown substances have been detected by thin layer chromatography (fig. 6,8). The spectra of 3-OH-benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, 7,8 dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, 9,10-dihydro-9, 10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene could be identified (fig. 7, 9, 10, 11). The characterisation of labelled metabolites formed by alveolar macrophages in culture has been achieved by comparison of their chromatographic behaviour with that of the reference metabolites obtained from liver microsomes (fig. 12). With the exception of the 4,5-diol all metabolites were present in extracts from alveolar macrophages. The results are discussed and compared with published data (tab. 2). The present knowledge about the pathways of metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene is summarized in a scheme (fig. 13). PMID- 1237979 TI - Electrophoretic mobility test for lymphocyte sensitization using tanned sheep erythrocytes. AB - The M.E.M.-test was modified by using tanned sheep erythrocytes in place of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages as indicator calls. This modification is named the tanned sheep erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility (T.E.E.M.)-test. The present study was undertake to compare the kinetics of the two indicator systems. The T.E.E.M.-test appears to be simpler to perform than the M.E.M.-test and may be widely applicable in clinical immunology for the estimation of lymphocyte sensitization. PMID- 1237980 TI - [The effect of cold and hunger on the free fatty acid metabolism in the serum of newborn rabbits]. AB - A tracer kinetic study with [14C]-1-palmitic acid was carried out to study the influence of acute exposure to cold and starvation on free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in serum of newborn rabbits. The turnover rate of serum FFA was 10.20 mumol/min in well fed rabbits kept in a thermoneutral environment (normal conditions). Cold exposure as well as starvation either in a cold or thermoneutral environment resulted in a diminution of the turnover rate, being the consequence of a significantly reduced pool of FFA. It was 9.57 mumol under normal conditions. The disappearance rate (1.07 min-1), half time (0.65 min) and turnover time (0.94 min) of well nourished animals was slightly, but mostly not significantly, influenced by cold exposure and starvation. The cold induced increase in serum FFA concentration and the decrease following restoration of thermoneutrality did not run parallel with changes in the absolute turnover rate. PMID- 1237981 TI - [Wiener's new concept on the inheritance of MN along with own ideas on the subject]. PMID- 1237982 TI - [Effects of L-dopa on FSH and LH secretion in men and women]. AB - The behavior of plasma gonadotropins has been studied in amenorrhoic patients and in men suffering from disorders of spermatogenesis after L-DOPA administration. Neither clinical nor laboratory findings warrant hypotheses apt to interpret the different responses observed after the ingestion of the drug; nevertheless, keeping in mind the results reported in the literature, the relationship between L-DOPA and the hypothalamo-pituitary axis appears to deserve further study with the use of more accurate means of investigation and follow-up of the late effects observed in our research. PMID- 1237983 TI - Female prostate in Arvicanthis niloticus and Meriones libycus. AB - A female prostate is reported in Arvicanthis niloticus (field rat) and Meriones libycus for the first time, as a normal, constant and well developed bilateral sex organ. PMID- 1237984 TI - [A 3-dimensional presentation of the functional liver unit]. AB - The reconstruction of the liver parenchyma of a golden hamster after poisoning with allyl formate is described. Allyl formate primarily destroys the periportal areas and leads, following the microvascularisation of the liver parenchyma, to a necrosis of the hepatocytes progressing towards the terminal hepatic venule. The still intact parenchymal zones can be characterized by the positive PAS reaction. In this study the preterminal and the terminal portal branches as well as zone 3, situated in the vasculatory periphery, were reconstructed. By this method, a three-dimensional presentation of the acinar functional zones was possible for the first time. PMID- 1237985 TI - Proceedings: Surgical treatment of temporal epilepsy in childhood. PMID- 1237986 TI - [Temporal summation and superposition principle in the P III component of electroretinogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237987 TI - [Eye position of squinting eyes during general anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237988 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the preretinal proliferation of glial cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237989 TI - [Glycogen in the inner segment of the accessory cone of the chick retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237990 TI - [Operation of the complicated cataract of Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237991 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of malignant melanoma. The comparative studies on intracellular organelle in the malignant melanoma of the choroid and in the malignant melanoma of the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237992 TI - [A new type of ophthalmic ultrasound apparatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237993 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin E1 on the phospholipid metabolism in the rabbit lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237994 TI - [Experimental studies on carbohydrate metabolism in the cornea (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237995 TI - [Studies on the deswelling mechanism of the cornea (a preliminary report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237996 TI - [Effect of corticosteroids and antibiotics on the cornea: a study by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237997 TI - [Anterior and posterior type keratoconus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237998 TI - [Studies on aqueous humor dynamics using fluorescein in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 1237999 TI - [Disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier demonstrated by histofluorescence microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238000 TI - [Effects of various drugs on electrophoretic pattern of aqueous humor (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238001 TI - [Freeze replicas of the rabbit iris--with special reference to the intercellular junctions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238003 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of the cell transition at the ora serrata in the human eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238002 TI - [The effect of isoproterenol on the ciliary body of rabbit eye; an electron microscopical study: Report I (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238004 TI - [A microtubule system of the connecting cilium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238005 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on the histogenesis of the chick embryo retina. II. Differentiation of the visual cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238006 TI - [Electron microscopy of pathological reactions of astrocytes in the degenerating human retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238007 TI - [Responses of Muller cells of rabbit retina in experimental siderosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238008 TI - [Ophthalmological studies on myotonic dystrophy. I. Five cases of the disease with special reference to the psychophysical evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238009 TI - [Operation for cataract combined with severe glaucoma--reevaluation of two-stage method for severe cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238010 TI - [Experimental studies on the mode and site of action of antituberculous agent, ethambutol, in the visual system. I. Effects of ethambutol on the electrical activity of in vitro rabbit retinas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238011 TI - [Effects of photocoagulation on the velocity of retinal circulation in obstruction of retinal vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238012 TI - [The penetration of glutathion into the rabbit eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238013 TI - Effect of thyroid stimulating hormone on the circulating thyroxine concentration in ducks (short communication). PMID- 1238014 TI - Cardiac catheterization in small infants: the percutaneous approach. AB - Cardiac catheterization of small infants can be performed by the percutaneous technique using materials readily available from commercial sources. Twenty infants averaging 3.0 kg (range 1.3 to 4.1 kg) underwent percutaneous sheath cardiac catheterization in a 12 month period. After refinement of the technique, cardiac catheterization in all small infants was attempted percutaneously with a 90 percent rate of success. This percutaneous approach has distinct advantages for the small infant because it is performed rapidly, preserves venous integrity and has a low rate of morbidity. PMID- 1238015 TI - Myocardial-pericardial disease. PMID- 1238016 TI - Benzalkonium chloride poisoning in infant twins. AB - Infant twins sustained severe circumoral and pharyngeal burns from a concentrated solution of benzalkonium (Zephiran) chloride prescribed for treatment of candidiasis. This report emphasizes the unnecessary hazard accompanying use of a potentially toxic drug-especially when prepared in error by the pharmacist-when a safer drug (nystatin) is available for treatment of oral candidiasis. Risks from use of a prescription drug for other than the intended patient are also highlighted by this episode of poisoning. PMID- 1238017 TI - Letter: Scrotal mass in a neonate: testicular abscess. PMID- 1238018 TI - Endoscopic removal of chicken gizzards by polypectomy snare in a patient with Nissen's fundoplication. AB - A 59-year old white female swallowed chicken gizzards, without chewing, producing severe dysphagia. She was operated on for vagotomy, pyloroplasty and Nissen's fundoplication. A procedure is described where a polypectomy snare was used through the biopsy channel of a flexible fiberoptic esophagoscope to remove the foreign bodies. PMID- 1238019 TI - Editorial: Update on PSROs and pharmacy. PMID- 1238021 TI - A parallel processing approach to delivery of mental health care in a children's outpatient psychiatric clinic. PMID- 1238020 TI - Exogenous corneal ulcer caused by Tritirachium roseum. AB - A 29-year-old white man developed a corneal ulcer following trauma to his left cornea by a piece of wire. Tritirachium roseum, a saprophytic fungus, was cultured from corneal scrapings and demonstrated in the corneal button by histopathologic examination. PMID- 1238022 TI - Traffic violation frequencies of state hospital psychiatric patients. PMID- 1238023 TI - Infant formulas. PMID- 1238024 TI - Plasma renin activity during pentobarbital anesthesia and graded hemorrhage in dogs. AB - Six dogs were implanted with chronic arterial and venous catheters and were trained to lie quietly on a padded table. The effect of pentobarbital anesthesia and of graded hemorrhage on plasma renin activity (PRA) was then examined in the absence of surgical stress. Pentobarbital anesthesia resulted in a fivefold increase in PRA within 15 min, followed by a slow decline to a level 3 times control at 1.5 h. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell transiently but returned to control values. In the unanesthetized dog, graded hemorrhage to 12 ml/kg resulted in a twofold increase in PRA with no change in MAP or heart rate. The same hemorrhage in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs resulted in a similar increase in PRA, accompanied by a substantial increase in heart rate. It is concluded that 1) pentobarbital anesthesia in the dog results in a rapid and sustained increase in PRA, and 2) in the conscious dog, increased PRA in response to graded hemorrage appears to be independent of an arterial baroreceptor mechanism and of generalized increased sympathetic nervous system activity. PMID- 1238025 TI - Dreamwork in a Gestalt therapy context. PMID- 1238026 TI - Pulmonary ascariasis in tropical communities. AB - To determine the incidence of Loeffler's syndrome in a tropical region, a survey was conducted over a 1-year period in two locations in Colombia, South America, one inland and urban (Cali), the other rural and coastal (Guapi). Among 700 hospitalized patients, 12,000 patients coming to health centers, and 44 families with 328 members, 4 cases of Loeffler's syndrome were found--3 during the survey and 1 before it began. Only one was typical and of some severity. None of the family members developed a perceptible reaction to larvae, though surveillance was close and 83 new intestinal infections were documented. Infection rates for intestinal ascariasis were 25% to 30% in Cali, and 80% to 90% in Guapi. When infections in 30 families were eliminated, previous levels of infection were reached within 10 months. When undisturbed by treatment, the levels of intestinal infection remained stable or showed fluctuations which were not linked to climatic changes. In view of the high prevalence of infection and year-round transmission, which was assumed to occur frequently in the population, it is noteworthy that symptomatic pulmonary ascariasis appeared to be rare and complications from adult worms in heavy infections were uncommon. The findings suggest that frequent and uninterrupted contact between Ascaris lumbricoides and its host results in a high degree of natural tolerance and control. PMID- 1238027 TI - The epidemiology of hepatitis B antigen and antibody among Panamanian Cuna Indians. AB - Previous studies of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to it (anti-HBs) showed widely differing exposures between Panamanian Indian tribes. Cuna Indians living on islands appeared infrequently exposed to HBsAg; we found no one antigenemic and low age specific anti-HBs rates. In contrast, mainland dwelling Guaymi and Choco Indians had a high prevalence of anti-HBs. We have now measured HBsAg by counterelectrophoresis and anti-HBs by radioimmunoassay in two Cuna Indian groups who live in the Darien forest. The prevalence of HBsAg among Darien Cuna was low, 3 positive of 239 tested, but 106 (44%) had anti-HBs. Darien Cuna thus evidenced greater exposure to HBsAg than island Cuna (8% had anti-HBs) and had an anti-HBs prevalence similar to the neighboring Choco Indians (42%). The Guaymi Indians of western Panama had a lower frequency of anti-HBs (29%) than either Choco or mainland Cuna but their frequency of chronic antigenemia was significantly greater. These data suggest that while exposure may be a function of village habitat, chronic antigenemia may reflect differences in host responses. PMID- 1238029 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]. PMID- 1238028 TI - Growth of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus cell cultures. AB - Ovarian cells from the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus established in continuous tissue cultures have been found to support the growth of Japanese encephalitis virus with titers reaching as high as 10(7.36) MICLD50 per 0.03 ml. Virus-cell cultures were serially subcultured 60 times over 300 days and the virulence of the virus was determined after each passage. A gradual loss in virus titer was observed, with titers always higher in the medium than in the cells. Cytopathogenic effects were not observed in the infected cell cultures, either in primary or subsequent passages. However, the cell growth rate suggested that the cells may have been metabolically or mechanically damaged. The chromosome complement of the cells remained unchanged. Direct-fluorescent antibody studies during early and late passages revealed a loss in virus infectivity from chronically infected cells which may have been due to a gradual decrease in virus replication as the passages increased. The infectivity of virus particles, however, returned to previous levels after passage into fresh cell cultures. The loss of virus particles during serial passage may be correlated with the condition of the cells. PMID- 1238030 TI - Lest we forget. An historic meeting of the Section of Anaesthetics of Royal Society of Medicine on 6 Decemeber 1974. Divynyl ether. PMID- 1238031 TI - Lyotropic salt effects in hydrophobic chromatography. PMID- 1238032 TI - A rapid spectrophotometric assay for ferrochelatase activity in preparations containing much endogenous hemoglobin and its application to soybean root-nodule preparations. PMID- 1238033 TI - Sensitive method for determination of phthalate ester plasticizers in open-ocean biota samples. PMID- 1238034 TI - Editorial: Triage. PMID- 1238035 TI - [Naegleria amoebas and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 1238036 TI - On cestodes of Passer domesticus. I. Choanotaenia, Raillietina and Proparuterina. PMID- 1238037 TI - Laboratory animal dander allergy: I. An occupational disease. AB - Data from 39 animal facilities established the prevalence and clinical profile of laboratory animal dander allergy (LADA). Twenty-eight percent of affected individuals changed jobs or specific animal contact; more than half of this group voluntarily resigned their employment, establishing LADA as a bona fide occupational disease. PMID- 1238038 TI - Effect of photoperiod on reproductive activity and hair in mares. AB - The effects of photoperiod on reproductive activity and hair changes in pony mares were studied in 2 experiments. In experiment I, the effect of a fixed daily photoperiod on the onset of the breeding season was studied in 36 mares from Nov 13, 1973, to June 13, 1974. The 4 treatment groups were as follows: daily photoperiod equivalent to the normal day length (control group); constant light 24 hours a day with no dark (L24:D0 group); 16-hour daily photoperiod with 8 hours of dark (L16:D8 group); and 9-hour daily photoperiod with 15 hours of dark (L9:D15 group). The intervals from beginning of experiment to 1st ovulation of breeding season, to shedding of hair in tufts, and to appearance of a smooth coat were shorter (P less than 0.05) for L16:D8 group (107.1 +/- 11.1, 56.0 +/- 0, and 145.8 +/- 4.0 days, respectively) than for control, L24:D0, and L9:D15 groups and were shorter (P less than 0.05) for L24:D0 group (less than 156.1 +/- 12.2, 99.5 +/- 9.5, and 173.9 +/- 9.9 days, respectively) than for control group (192.1 +/- 3.3, 134.9 +/- 8.9, and 205.0 +/- 0 days, respectively) or L9:D15 group (less than 200.3 +/- 5,8, 150.6 +/- 12.9, and 201.7 +/- 3.3 days, respectively). These intervals were not significantly different between the control group and the L9:D15 group, but fewer (P less than 0.05) mares in the L9:D15 group had at least 1 ovulation by termination of the project. In experiment II, the effect of photoperiod on onset of anestrus was studied in 3 groups of 7 mares each. Mares in group A, as part of a previous experiment, were induced to enter the breeding season earlier than normal by a gradual increase in daily photoperiod beginning on Oct 13, 1972. From Feb 16, 1973, to June 22, 1973, group A mares were maintained at a fixed daily photoperiod of 15 hours 23 minutes. Mares in group B, as part of a previous experiment, were kept under environmental conditions simulating normal conditions in southern Wisconsin. On June 22, 1973 (beginning of the present experiment), the following treatments began: groups A and B were exposed to natural day length. In addition, 7 mares (group C) were allotted from a band of mares that had been exposed to natural day length and were exposed to 15-hour 23-minute daily photoperiod from the beginning of the present experiment (June 22, 1973) to the end (June 22, 1974). The interval to onset of anestrus was longer (P less than 0.05) for group C mares (234.6 +/- 35 days) than for group B mares (133.6 +/- 16.5 days). Significant difference did not exist between group A (144.0 +/- 45.9 days) and group B. A fixed daily photoperiod of 16 or 24 hours induced early onset of the breeding season and early shedding of hair, with development of a smooth coat. A photoperiod of 9 hours retarded the onset of the breeding season. Mares induced to begin the breeding season earlier than normal did not become anestrous earlier than normal. Mares kept on a long daily photoperiod in the fall became anestrous later than normal. PMID- 1238039 TI - Relationship of pasture rotation to acquisition of gastrointestinal nematodes by sheep. AB - In a study of the relationship between pasture rotation in Illinois and acquisition of nematodes (mostly Haemonchus contortus) and body weight gains by lambs grazing with their ewes, 2 pasture rotation systems were tested. (1) Lambs and ewes were rotated through a series of 12 alfalfa-bromegrass-lespedeza pastures, each pasture being grazed for 3 to 4 days and rested for 5.5 weeks; 4 complete rotations were done during a 168-day grazing season. (2) Lambs and ewes were moved every 2 days, and 3 complete rotations of 50, 42, and 54 days, respectively, were done during the 146-day grazing season. The lambs under rotation had more nematodes and gained less weight than nonrotated control lambs, although rotation increased the amount of pasturage. Rotation is not recommended to control nematode parasitism of sheep in Illinois. PMID- 1238041 TI - Effects of estrus and exogenous estrogen on circulating neutrophils and milk somatic cell concentration, neutrophil phagocytosis, and occurrence of clinical mastitis in cows. AB - In a study involving 56 quarters (14 cows), it was seen that standing estrus did not affect circulating neutrophil and milk somatic cell concentrations, neutrophil phagocytosis, milk production, or occurrence of clinical mastitis. The subcutaneous injection of 17beta-estradiol (E2) (0.05 mg/kg of body weight 2 times daily for 2 consecutive days) did not affect neutrophil phagocytosis or milk somatic cell values. However, a significant increase in circulating neutrophils and a significant decrease in milk production were observed. The injection of E2 was followed by clinical mastitis in 4 uninfected quarters, in 7 quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis, and in 1 quarter infected with Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli. PMID- 1238040 TI - Combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone producing long-term remission of a transplanted canine lymphoma. AB - Lymphoma developed in 6 neonatal pups inoculated with 1.0 to 2.06 X 10(9) cells of the 2nd in vivo passage of a canine lymphoma. Three to 4 weeks later (or 8 weeks after the pups had been inoculated), 3 of the 6 pups were started on a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of vincristine, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide. Twelve to 19 days after combination chemotherapy was started, clinically efident lymphoma disappeared in the 3 pups. Period of treatment was 49 to 84 days. The dogs remained healthy and lymphoma was in complete remission approximately 2 years later. The 3 nontreated pups, used as controls, died of generalized lymphoma 45 to 86 days after inoculation. Seemingly, chemotherapy eradicated the bulk of the tumor, and the host immune response was capable of eliminating residual neoplastic cells. Also, transplanted canine lymphoma seems amenable to treatment and may be curable with combination chemotherapy--thus possibly serving as an experimental therapeutic model. PMID- 1238042 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of cilia and ciliary rootlets in mammalian uterine tube epithelium in different functional states. AB - Tissue from the infundibulum region of the uterine tube (oviduct) of guinea pigs, cattle, sheep, and swine was examined by electron microscopy. In all specimens, cilia and ciliary rootlets were present in variable numbers in the ciliated cells during both the follicular and the luteal phases of the estrous cycle. True degeneration of cilia was not evident during luteal phase or pregnancy. The ciliary rootlets in ruminant and nonruminant species had structural similarities to those described in people and rhesus monkeys. These organelles measured approximately 1 mum long in most species studied, but in the cow, the rootlets, extending downward into the cytoplasm from the proximal end of the basal body, reached a length of 2 mum. The rootlets had a cross-striation of thick and thin bands, the period measuring 40 to 60 nm. Mitochondria were closely associated with the rootlets. The rootlets usually formed a small angle to the axis of the cilium. These organelles probably function as anchoring or stabilizing structures for the motile cilia. Results indicated that the rootlets are more widely distributed in mammalian uterine tube cilia than previously postulated. Polyribosomes, microfilaments, microtubules, and electron-opaque fibrous granules were frequently seen in the cytoplasm of the ciliated cells. The presence of fibrous granules in close association with the basal bodies indicate that these granules have a role in the development of cilia and rootlets. Cilia and precursor fibrous granules were also seen in porcine fetal uterine tube epithelial cells. PMID- 1238044 TI - [Morphological ultrastructural and immunological studies of a rickettsia isolated from a parrot (author's transl)]. AB - A rickettsia isolated from a parrot was found by use of electron microscopic and serological technic to be a Coxiella burneti. In cell culture one can see a dramatic polymorphism and a Gram negative-like structure of the cell wall. They divide by binary fission with no appearance of a complexe cycle of development like the one described for Chlamydia psittaci. Many myelinic fibrils and altered Coxiella suggest that the host cell react very deaply. PMID- 1238043 TI - Ultrastructural effects of mestranol and norethindrone on guinea pig endometrial stromal cell. AB - The effect of exogenous contraceptive steroids on the ultrstructural features of the endometrial stromal cells was studied in 64 guinea pigs allotted to 4 treatment groups. Four guinea pigs from each group were killed 14, 28, 56, and 84 days after treatment with mestranol (0.01 mg/day in 1 ml of oil) or with norethindrone (0.2 mg/day in 1 ml of oil) or with a combination of both (0.001 mg of mestranol/day and 0.02 mg of norethindrone/day in 1 ml of oil) or with 1 ml of vegetable oil (oil-treated controls). An additional 12 normal guinea pigs (nontreated controls) were killed during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle, and uterine specimens were immediately collected to determine base line characteristics. During estrus, the stromal cells of these 12 guinea pigs had abundant dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The interstitium was filled with collagen. During the luteal phase. the cytoplasm of the stromal cells of the 12 guinea pigs contained a prominent nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum with undilated cisterns. The interstitium contained sparse amounts of collagen. The stromal cells of the oil-treated control guinea pigs seemed similar in ultrastructure to the stromal cells of the 12 nontreated control guinea pigs at the luteal phase. Mestranol-fed guinea pigs had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed Golgi apparatus within 2 weeks of initial treatment. The interstitium of mestranol-treated guinea pigs had more collagen than that of the oil-treated controls and nontreated controls during the luteal phase. Prolonged treatment with mestranol caused extensive dilation of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The interstitium was filled with abundant collagen. Pronounced alterations in the cytoplasmic organelles or extracellular connective tissue were not ovserved in guinea pigs given norethindrone alone or norethindrone in combination with mestranol for 14 days. The stromal cells closely resembled the cells of the mature animal at luteal phase. However, the dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum that occurred in cells after mestranol treatment was not seen in stromal cells after 84 days of treatment with norethindrone. Dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum was also observed when both the contraceptive steroids were given simultaneously for 84 days. The increased and extensively dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum seen during the follicular phase and after mestranol administration or after 84 days of treatment with mestranol and norethindrone probably indicates increased protein synthesis by the endometrial stromal cells. PMID- 1238045 TI - [Nutritional value and acceptibility of soy proteins in human diet]. AB - These studies on textured soya protein (TSP) were directed towards the evaluation of its acceptability and nutritional value in man. ACCEPTABILITY. In the beginning, the reaction of adults to the incorporation of 40 g TSP in their daily diet was studied. After a three-week period, no intolerance or fatigue with the regim was shown. In a following study, observations made on young children's attitudes along with quantitative measurements of their food intake were noted during four one-wekk periods: -- period of "imposed diet", without TSP; -- period of imposed diet", with TSP; -- period of "free diet", without TSP; -- period of "free diet", with STP; During the periods of "imposed diets", children could eat only the proposed quantities of foodstuffs. During periods of "free diets", children were able to choose the quantity and sort of food they preferred from the proposed menu. Total protein ingested (differentiating between that of animal and vegetable origin) was calculated for each child from his daily food record. Results show that only one of the twenty-four children systematically refuse soya containing preparations. Average consumption of soya protein during "free diet" periods was close to the desired level and not significantly different to levels achieved in the "imposed diet" period. The acceptance of TSP by the children was therefore evident. NUTRITIONAL VALUE. The following studies were designed to determine the effects of the replacement of animal protein by TSP (at the maximal levels of its tolerability) in a normal diet. In the first nitrogen balance study, with 10 convalescent subjects, the following protocol was developed: -- the habitual caloric and protein intakes of the subjects was established; -- following a four-day adaptation period, the subjects entered consecutively: a control period at established levels of calories and protein, and a test period in which 20 g of soya protein replaced an equivalent quantity of animal protein. The average nitrogen balances for control and test periods were + 4.49 g and 3.62 g. The difference not being significant at a probability of 5 p. 100. In a second study with 12 adults in good health (6 males and 6 females) soya protein replaced 34-39 p. 100 of the daily protein intake (according to the menu) and the average nitrogen balances in control and test periods were + 0.16 g and 0.91 g. These studies confirm the TSP replacement of animal protein in the normal diet does not affect nitrogen balance and that TSP can make a contribution to the fulfilment protein requierements in man. PMID- 1238046 TI - Effect of intra-articular 90Y resin treatment on the chemical properties of synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Lyaluronic acid and total protein concentrations in synovial fluid of the knee joint obtained from 48 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were determined before, and 1 week, 1 month and 6 months after intra-articular injection of 90Y resin colloid. The concentration ratio of total protein to hyaluronic acid, which is a sensitive index of the abnormality of the synovial fluid, was worse a week after the injection in each group as regards the clinical effect of the 90Y resin injection, but was better 1 month and 6 months after the injection only in the remission group. PMID- 1238047 TI - [Effects of sleep on ovary development during hibernation and aestivation in the dormouse (Eliomys quercinus L.)(author's transl)]. AB - Hibernation does not correspond to a period of rest of the ovary, nor to the prolongation of a period of anoestrus. Hibernation is necessary for the normal course of the period of genital activity. Its suppression tends to modify more or less severely the physiological equilibrium implicated in the control of genital activities. However, the animal can find a more or less normal rythm even if is deprived of hibernation during the course of a second year. Prolongation of hibernation in hemicastrated animals during the entire period of genital activity suppresses the ovular discharge and the ovulating secretion of FSH and LH, without affecting the tonic secretions of FSH. It inhibits the phenomenon of compensatory hypertrophy. However, in hemicastrated animals deprived of hibernation, the reaction to hemicastration does not take place nor during anoestrus nor during mid-december or mid-march but only when the period of genital activity begins again. PMID- 1238048 TI - Detection of homozygotes and heterozygotes for metachromatic leukodystrophy in lymphoid cell lines and peripheral leukocytes. AB - Assays of arylsulphatase A have been performed on peripheral leukocytes and lymphoid cell lines from normal subjects and heterozygotes and homozygotes for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) by utilizing an improved procedure based on the removal of excess protein from the final digest. No overlap of arylsulphatase A activity was observed between peripheral leukocytes obtained from 11 normal donors, 8 heterozygotes and 5 homozygotes for MLD. Absence of enzyme activity was demonstrated in the patients' leukocytes, when the modified assay procedure was employed. Arylsulphatase A activity (mean +/- S.D.) in 30 lymphoid lines and sublines established from 18 normal donors, 2 heterozygotes and 1 homozygote for MLD was 54-5 +/- 23-1, 24-1 +/- 3-2 and 0-9, respectively. The enzymic activity of arylsulphatase A and B remained stable over a period of several months. These findings indicate that long-term lymphoid lines express the genotype of the donor and maintain enzyme stability over long periods in culture. Moreover, it appears that peripheral leukocytes are a reliable system for the identification of the carrier state of MLD. PMID- 1238049 TI - Distinctive alterations of nucleoside, sugar and amino acid uptake of sulfhydryl reagents in cultured mouse cells. PMID- 1238051 TI - Some features of the vinblastine-induced assembly of porcine tubulin. PMID- 1238050 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of cytochrome b5 and its mesoheme and deuteroheme modifications. PMID- 1238052 TI - The stimulation of collagen secretion by ascorbate as a result of increased proline hydroxylation in chick embryo fibroblasts. PMID- 1238053 TI - Biosynthesis of alkane-2, 3-diols: chemical synthesis of 3-hydroxy-[3 14C]octadecane-2-one and its reduction to [3-14C]octadecane-2, 3-diol in the uropygial glands of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). PMID- 1238054 TI - Structural nonequivalence of the alpha- and beta- heme-pockets in human methemoglobin. A proton magnetic relaxation study in solution. PMID- 1238055 TI - Rupture of the spleen in erythroblastosis fetalis. AB - A male infant of 36 weeks' gestation, weighing 3080 g, with erythroblastosis, ruptured spleen, and bilateral suprarenal haemorrhages is described. The infant survived after exchange transfusions and splenectomy. PMID- 1238056 TI - Proccedings: Testicular activity in infants with sex chromosome abnormalities. PMID- 1238057 TI - Proceedings: Changes in blood volume associated with exchange transfusion. PMID- 1238058 TI - Letter: Rickets in neonatal hepatitis. PMID- 1238059 TI - The missing umbilical artery. II. Paediatric follow-up. AB - Bryan, E. M., and Kohler, H. G. (1975). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 50, 714. The missing umbilical artery. II. Paediatric follow-up. Of 143 infants with single umbilical artery detected by routine examination of the placenta, 25 had major malformations at birth; 3 of these survive. Another 6 were stillborn and 2 died during the first year of life. At follow-up 14 children could not be traced. 18 were assessed on the basis of reports by family doctors or parents ('report group'); 14 of these were considered normal. The remaining 78 infants and children were given a clinical examination ('examination group'); 64 were found to be normal. Malformations found in 10 children (6 from the examination group and 4 from the report group) are discussed. Most of the abnormalities detected were less severe and less conspicuous than those revealed at birth, and in a few instances only might have been diagnosed by a more thorough examination in the perinatal period. Failure to detect these 'less severe and less conspicuous' malformations is generally unlikely to be detrimental to the infant, with the exception of urinary tract anomalies which are known to predispose to infection. Included in the examination group were 16 children (out of an original 22) who had been 'normal' but small-for-dates at birth; 14 of these had now caught up. The remaining 2 were found to have abnormalities that had not been manifest at birth. The finding of single umbilical artery at birth commits the paediatrician to an intensive search for malformations which are not immediately apparent, but prolonged surveillance for this reason alone is not advocated. PMID- 1238060 TI - Letter: Diabetes mellitus after mumps vaccination. PMID- 1238061 TI - An analysis of pancreatic enzymes used in epidermal separation. AB - A comparative enzyme analysis was performed on 3 pancreatic extracts generally used for dermal-epidermal separation, namely, crude trypsin (Difco), crude trypsin (Sigma) and pancreatin. A fourth pancreatic extract, crude lipase, was subjected to a corresponding analysis. The 4 extracts were assayed for activities of: protease (total), trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase-A, amylase, elastase, lipase, esterase, arylesterase and ribonuclease. Relative activities of the different proteolytic enzymes were individualized by utilizing specific inhibitors. Insignificant differences were observed between the enzyme activities of crude trypsin (Difco) and pancreatin. Crude lipase displayed similar enzyme activities as these two extracts in addition to high lipolytic, esterolytic and arylesterolytic activities. Crude trypsin (Sigma) exhibited higher tryptic and chymotryptic activities than the other extracts but lacked all further enzyme activities. Epidermal separation was performed using similar incubation conditions for each extract and skin from the same donor. Ultrastructural examination of the detached epidermis revealed that a more effective separation could be achieved by crude lipase. PMID- 1238062 TI - The distribution and binding of cadmium in oyster, soybean, and rat liver and kidney. AB - Exposure to Cd and/or 109Cd has shown that the element was efficiently accumulated in oysters and soybeans as well as in rats. Differential centrifugation of oyster, soybean, rat liver, and rat kidney homogenates followed by analysis showed that Cd was associated primarily with proteins in the 105,000 X g supernatants. Separation of these proteins by Sephadex chromatography and subsequent analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy or by radioactivity measurements revealed that Cd in oysters and rat organs was principally bound to proteins of 9,200 to 13,800 molecular weight. A significant amount of Cd in oysters was also associated with fractions of greater than 50,000 and less than 3,000 molecular weights. Almost all of the Cd in soybeans was found to be bound to molecules of greater than 50,000 molecular weight. PMID- 1238063 TI - [Development of the bio-clean operating room (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238064 TI - Studies on the relationship between the qualities of substitute stomachs and the occurrence of the dumping syndrome after total gastrectomy. PMID- 1238065 TI - [Normothermic anoxic arrest of the canine heart: estimation of the safe period (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238066 TI - One-stage correction of ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot and complete transposition of the great arteries in infancy. PMID- 1238068 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of knee joints with prostheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238067 TI - [Cerebral vascular effects of a new derivative of 1,4-dihydropyridine (YC-93), with special reference to its effect on the experimental basilar artery spasm in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238069 TI - Dilatation of the common bile duct and gallstone formation. PMID- 1238070 TI - [Rare case of malformation of the talus]. PMID- 1238071 TI - Cell wall enzymatic lysis of the yeast form of Pullularia pullulans and wall regeneration by protoplasts. AB - During the process of degradation of the cell wall of the yeast form of Pullularia pullulans by the lytic system of micromonospora chalcea samples were withdrawn at different times and observed under phase contrast and electron microscope. The progressive lysis of the walls reveals a fibrillar component inside the apparently amorphous wall. Freeze etched preparations of cells during the formation and regeneration of protoplasts show that the cellular membrane is split and this method allows the smooth external face of the membrane and other internal face covered by particles to be seen. The fact that the smooth face of the membrane is only visible during the preparation or the regeneration of protoplasts and very rarely when intact cells are fractured, suggests a strong adherence between cell wall and this external layer of the membrane. During the regeneration which takes place as in most of the yeasts and moulds, a special study of the extension of the cell wall is made and a possible mechanism for this extension of the regenerated cell wall is proposed. PMID- 1238073 TI - Differentiation in Coprinus lagopus. III. Expansion of excised fruit-bodies. AB - Fruit-body expansion was studied in Coprinus lagopus (sensu Buller) following surgical procedures. Elongation occurred after denuding mushroom caps of essentially all peripheral scales. Young primordia (1 - 5 mm) failed to develop after vertical bisection. Older primordia (e.g. 10 mm) expanded 3 - 4 fold after vertical bisection or quadrisection, underwent autolysis and basidiospore production. An amorphous brown gel in the stripe lumen disappeared during development of bisected primordia. Stripes isolated from primordia expanded autonomously and exhibited negative geotropism when incubated upside down or when the stripe apex was removed. Displacement of charcoal particles dusted on intact stripes revealed the most active zone of expansion to be the upper mid-region of the stripe. Segmented stripes likewise showed most active elongation in the mid region. Vertically bisected stripes also expanded. PMID- 1238072 TI - Oxygen pressure, fatty acid composition and ergosterol level in Rhodotorula gracilis. AB - Cells of Rhodotorula gracilis grown for 6 hrs at 2 mm Hg O2 pressure when compared with cells grown for 6 hrs at 140 mm Hg, show: a) a large decrease in the level of ergosterol, b) a significant increase in the level of oleic acid and a decrease in the levels of linoleic and linolenic acids, both in fatty acid fraction of the phospholipids and in the free fatty acids and neutral fat fractions. The results suggest that the dehydrogenation of oleic acid to linoleic acid is preferentially inhibited at low O2 pressure. The possibility is considered that these changes of lipid metabolism might be causally related with decrease of the growth rate observed at low O2 pressure. PMID- 1238075 TI - Electron microscopy of Japanaut and Tilligerry viruses: two proposed members of the orbivirus group. AB - Japanaut and Tilligerry viruses were studied by thin-section and negative contrast electron microscopy, and from their morphology and morphogenesis appear to be typical orbiviruses. Characteristic intracellular structures are associated with the development of the two viruses. These structures include coated tubules and one or more types of structure which appear to be composed of a number of parallel sheets of moderately electron-dense material. PMID- 1238076 TI - Long-term effects of preweaning isolation from littermates in rats. PMID- 1238074 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of the reproductive activity of cells and the functional morphology of the adenohypophysis of rats (histological and the autoradiographic study)]. AB - The adenohypophysis of intact mongrel male rats was studied histologically and autoradiographically. The diurnal periodicity was revealed and the successive spikes of indices of the DNA synthesis, mitotic process and secretory activity of the adenohypophysis cells were established. The maximum amount of the dividing cells was found about 12 o'clock p. m.-at the period of the least secretory and synthetizing activity of the gland. PMID- 1238077 TI - Maternal aggression in CD-l mice: influence of the hormonal condition of the intruder. PMID- 1238078 TI - The development of the menstrual symptom questionnaire. PMID- 1238079 TI - Absence of a pyrimidine dimer repair mechanism for mitochondrial DNA in mouse and human cells. AB - We have assayed the ability of mammalian cells to remove pyrimidine dimers from their mitochondrial DNA. The results indicate that pyrimidine dimers are not repaired for as long as 48 hr after UV irradiation. Furthermore, molecules containing pyrimidine dimers are unable to replicate and are simply diluted out in subsequent cell divisions. PMID- 1238080 TI - Excision-repair in primary cultures of mouse embryo cells and its decline in progressive passages and established cell lines. AB - Fibroblasts of mouse embryo cells from early subcultures excise pyrimidine dimers to an extent and at a rate comparable to those observed in human cells. The only apparent difference is that in primary mouse cells dimers are excised in an acid insoluble form. Dimer excision in mouse embryo fibroblasts declines abruptly after the fourth to the sixth subculture and is not detectable in the permanent cell line 3T3. It is suggested that cessation of excision-repair may be due to genetic repression. PMID- 1238081 TI - Use of enzymatic assay to evaluate UV-induced DNA repair in human and embryonic chick fibroblasts and multinucleate heterokaryons derived from both. AB - A sensitive enzymatic assay has been utilized to monitor repair of UV-induced damage to DNA in primary human and embryonic chick cells and in multinucleate heterokaryons artificially derived from both. The assay exploits the unique ability of a purified repair endonuclease to attack UV-irradiated DNA at sites containing pyrimidine dimers. These nuclease-susceptible sites are subsequently observed as single-strand scissions by velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. Incubation of UV-damaged cultures followed by extraction and enzymatic analysis of the radioactively labeled DNA enables one to trace the disappearance of such sites in vivo and hence to monitor endogenous repair activity. When UV irradiated human cells are incubated in the dark, the curve for site removal exhibits a two-phase exponetial decline; i.e. there exists a fast component responsible for elimination of 60% of the initial damage and a second one approximately 7 times slower in rate. The removal of sites is not further enhanced by exposing cells to blacklight during post-UV incubation. Conversely, UV-damaged chick cells rid their DNA of all nuclease-susceptible sites rapidly (i.e. at an exponential rate approximately 13 times faster than the fast component of site removal in human cells) when incubated under blacklight but not when kept in the dark. These data indicate the presence in human and embryonic chick cells of distinct enzymatic mechanisms for the elimination of dimer containing sites. Wheneras human fibroblasts rely heavily on a light-independent process, excision-repair, chick fibroblasts possess a light-dependent mechanism, presumably photoenzymatic repair. Advantage has been taken of the contrasting repair properties of the human and embryonic chick fibroblasts to evaluate the extent to which each can assist the other in the removal of UV-induced damage from its DNA. The two cell types were fused to form giant human/chick heterokaryons containing a number of intact nuclei from both strains. Experimental conditions were selected so that UV-induced damage resided only in DNA foreign to the repair enzymes under study. Our results strongly suggest that repair enzyme(s) coded for by either fusion partner can remove dimer-containing sites from the DNA of the other with an efficiency comparable to that attained when acting on its own DNA in unfused, parental cells. Further, the light requiring repair process supplied by the chick is more proficient at operating on these sites in human DNA than is excision-repair, the parallel mechanism available to human cells for this purpose. PMID- 1238082 TI - The binding of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonate to cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart. AB - Anilinonaphthalenesulphonate binds to cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase with high affinity (Kd about 10 muM) and with a stoicheiometry of one molecule per dimer. It is not displaced by aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylate substrate analogues. The enzyme is believed to be a symmetrical dimer with identical subunits; it can evidently function asymmetrically in binding anilinonaphthalenesulphonate. PMID- 1238084 TI - Activation and inhibition of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase by transition-metal ions. AB - The paper reports a comparative study of the effects of Mn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ on the reaction of ADP with phosphoenolypyruvate when catalysed by K+-activated rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. The activation and subsequent inhibition that occurs as the bivalent ion concentration is increased is taken as evidence that the substrates of the enzyme are phosphoenolypyruvate, uncomplexed ADP and free bivalent cation. Kinetic constants for the binding of the bivalent cation to the enzyme are reported. PMID- 1238083 TI - Purification and properties of rat brain pyruvate carboxylase. AB - Rat brain pyruvate carboxylase was purified 2000-fold and some of its properties and kinetic parameters were investigated. The use of (NH4)2SO4 gradient solubilization on a Celite column and precipitation with polyethylene glycol permitted purification to an estimated 20% purity. Except for a few subtle kinetic differences this enzyme is indistinguishable from rat liver pyruvate carboxylase. PMID- 1238087 TI - Single-stranded regions in DNA from pre- and postmenopausal human ovaries. PMID- 1238086 TI - Fixation of the first component of complement by immune complexes: effect of reduction and fragmentation of antibody. AB - The integrity of both covalent and non-covalent bonds between the heavy chains of rabbit immunoglobulin gamma antibody is essential for maximal efficiency of binding of the first component of complement to immune complexes. PMID- 1238085 TI - Modification of pig M4 lactate dehydrogenase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Demonstration of an essential lysine residue. AB - 1. Pig M4 lactate dehydrogenase treated in the dark with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH8.5 and 25 degrees C loses activity gradually. The maximum inactivation was 66%, and this did not increase with concentrations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate above 1 mM. 2. Inactivation may be reversed by dialysis or made permanent by reducing the enzyme with NaBH4. 3. Spectral evidence indicates modification of lysine residues, and 6-N-pyridoxyl-lysine is present in the hydrolsate of inactivated, reduced enzyme. 4. A second cycle of treatment with pyridoxal 5' phosphate and NaBH4 further decreases activity. After three cycles only 9% of the original activity remains. 5. Apparent Km values for lactate and NAD+ are unaltered in the partially inactivated enzyme. 6. These results suggest that the covalently modified enzyme is inactive; failure to achieve complete inactivation in a single treatment is due to the reversibility of Schiff-base formation and to the consequent presence of active non-covalently bonded enzyme-modifier complex in the equilibrium mixture. 7. Although several lysine residues per subunit are modified, only one appears to be essential for activity: pyruvate and NAD+ together (both 5mM) completely protect against inactivation, and there is a one to-one relationship between enzyme protection and decreased lysine modification. 8. NAD+ or NADH alone gives only partial protection. Substrates give virtually none. 9. Pig H4 lactate dehydrogenase is also inactivated by pyridoxal 5' phosphate. 10. The possible role of the essential lysine residue is discussed. PMID- 1238088 TI - Displacement of palmitate from albumin by chlorophenoxyisobutyrate. PMID- 1238089 TI - Adenylic acid - rich sequences in influenza virus RNA. PMID- 1238090 TI - The effect of external deoxyribonucleosides on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations in human lymphocytes. PMID- 1238091 TI - Affinity and carbamylation rate constants of propoxur in reaction with erythrocyte and serum cholinesterase. PMID- 1238092 TI - Effect of fighting and diphenylhydantoin on the uptake of 3H-l-norepinephrine in vitro in synaptosomes isolated from retired male breeding mice. PMID- 1238093 TI - Initial studies on maytansine-induced metaphase arrest in L1210 murine leukemia cells. PMID- 1238095 TI - Proceedings: Aortic velography in man. PMID- 1238096 TI - The immunological localization of factor V in human tissue. AB - Antibody to factor V was produced by immunizing rabbits with purified factor V from human plasma. Various tissues were examined for the presence of factor-V antigen using this antiserum. It was consistently demonstrated in homogenates of liver and spleen by means of an antibody (coagulation inhibitor) neutralization technique. The antigen was further localized histologically by the indirect fluorescent antiglobulin technique. It was present on the endothelium of normal blood vessels in all organs examined. In the liver it was detected in hepatic parenchymal cells and a distinctive pattern of fluorescence in the spleen suggested that it was being detected on platelets. Results were negative in all other tissues examined. The findings confirm the presence of factor V in hepatic parenchymal cells and support the suggestion that endothelial coagulation factors may play a role in haemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 1238094 TI - Continuous assessment of left ventricular shape in man. AB - Frame by frame analysis of left ventriculograms has been performed in 10 normal subjects and 40 patients with heart disease. Left ventricular shape index was derived as 4 pi (cavity area)/(perimeter)2, which has a maximum value of 1 when the outline is circular. In normal subjects systole was always associated with progressive reduction in shape index, indicating that the cavity projection had become less circular. This change was smaller in patients with low ejection fraction and also when inferior or anterior hypokinesia was present, even though ejection fraction was normal. During early diastole shape index rose rapidly due to an increase in minor diameter occurring throughout the period of rapid filling. In some cases this preceded any change in long axis, which was due to upward movement of the aortic root as well as outward movement of the apex. These results have functional implications, suggesting in particular that wall movement during filling may be non-uniform and that assumptions about cavity shape used in the derivation of wall properties from estimates of ventricular volume may require modification. PMID- 1238097 TI - Haemoglobin Bart's in Saudi Arabia. AB - The haemoglobin (Hb) patterns of 345 Shiite Saudi Arab cord bloods were examined by alkaline starch-gel electrophoresis. A fast-moving component, identified by structural analysis as Hb Bart's, was found in 52% of cases, the highest incidence of this variant yet recorded. The levels of Hb Bart's ranged from 0.5 to 16% of the total haemoglobin. The relative rates of synthesis of the alpha, beta and gamma-chains, measured by [3H]leucine incorporation, were estimated in 12 newborn Arab infants. There was an excellent correlation between the amount of Hb Bart's and the alpha/non-alpha-globin-chain production ratio. Furthermore there was a significant correlation between the level of Hb Bart's and morphological abnormalities of the red cells and the mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). These findings indicate that elevated levels of Hb Bart's in this population are due to the presence of alpha thalassaemia. The absence of hydrops fetalis and the rarity of Hb-H disease despite the intense inbreeding in this population, points to an alpha-thalassaemia genotype that is, in terms of phenotypic expression, intermediate between the heterozygous state for alpha-thalassaemia I and Hb-H disease. A possible molecular basis for this genotype is suggested. PMID- 1238098 TI - Platelet kinetics in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) before and at different times after splenectomy. AB - Platelet kinetics were studied in 18 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) before splenectomy, 1 month and 8 months after splenectomy. A gamma function was used for the calculation of platelet mean life span (MLS). Before splenectomy platelet MLS was greatly reduced and platelet production was 2.8 times normal. The peripheral platelet count and platelet recovery were significantly related to platelet MLS. One month after splenectomy platelet MLS increased appreciably while platelet production decreased but continued to be significantly above normal. These changes together with the removal of the splenic platelet pool resulted in a peripheral platelet count significantly higher than normal and a total platelet mass not differing from normal. Eight months after splenectomy platelet MLS increased slightly but was not significantly different from that found 1 month after splenectomy. Platelet production, however, decreased significantly and became normal. This resulted in a normal peripheral platelet count and a decreased total platelet mass which was significantly lower than in non-splenectomized control subjects. The results suggest that platelet production is regulated by a feed-back mechanism that is governed by the peripheral platelet count. The high platelet count encountered 1 month after splenectomy is due to a sluggishness of this regulatory mechanism. PMID- 1238099 TI - Foetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. II. Haemopoietic stem cells in foetal livers during development. AB - A rapid and reliable method of definitively identifying mutant (Sl/Sld) and wild type (+/+) mouse embryos in segregating litters is described, based on the mean cell volume determination of circulating foetal erythrocytes by an electronic particle counter. The mean cell volumes of yolk sac derived nucleated erythrocytes from +/+ and Sl/Sld embryos are similar, whereas the foetal liver derived non-nucleated red blood cells are much larger in Sl/Sld than +/+ embryos. There is no significant retardation in the growth of mutant embryos in spite of the severe anaemia which is macrocytic and normochromic. Evidence is also presented that the proportion of haemopoietic stem cells among hepatic erythroblasts, assayed by the macroscopic spleen colony technique, is higher in the mutant embryos, even though the total number of these progenitor cells present in each mutant foetal liver is less than the normal. Furthermore, these stem cells undergo active proliferation in Sl/Sld foetuses during development. The data indicate that the mutant Sl genes do not affect the primitive erythroid cell lineage derived from the yolk sac blood islands, but seriously interfere with the differentiation of the definitive erythroid cell lineage of foetal liver origin. It is further suggested that the mutant foetal liver fails to support or interferes with the normal rate of differentiation from immature precursor cells in to haemoglobinized erythroblasts. The reduction of total haemopoietic stem cells in mutant embryos may be secondary to this defect in cellular differentiation. PMID- 1238100 TI - Interaction of thrombin with human platelets. AB - The first step in thrombin-induced aggregation of blood platelets is binding of thrombin to specific receptors on the platelet membrane. Elucidation of the nature of this receptor in human platelets was attempted using radioactively labelled thrombin. In disc gel electrophoresis an extract of thrombin-treated platelets showed one peak of radioactivity near the origin. Gel filtration of the platelet extract through Sephadex G-200 showed mainly one protein peak at the void volume which contained radioactivity. After column fractionation the final isolate reacted with antiserum to thrombosthenin but did not react with antiserum to serum, fibrinogen or soluble platelet proteins. Gel electrophoresis of the reduced isolate in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate showed a pattern similar to thrombosthenin. To explore the possibility that thrombosthenin might be the receptor of thrombin, attempts were made to complex the receptro sites with thrombosthenin antibody or its univalent fragment. It was observed that complexing these receptors potentiates, rather than inhibits, platelet aggregation by thrombin or by adenosine diphosphate. Univalent fragment of antibody to albumin failed to cause this potentiation. Thus, blocking of the thrombosthenin sites is necessary for sensitization of platelets. PMID- 1238101 TI - Ultrastructure of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. I. Interaction between phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes and chicken erythrocytes. AB - The ultrastructural appearances of the interaction between normal phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes and chicken red cells (ChRBC) were studied. Close contact between ChRBC and control non-stimulated lymphocytes was often observed indicating that this is a non-specific phenomenon. In mixtures of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and ChRBC, time-dependent development of interdigitating pseudopods between the two cell types was observed which was not seen in controls. Their development followed the same time-course as release of 51Cr when the ChRBC were pre-labelled with this marker. The findings suggest a relationship between the morphorlogical changes observed and the destruction of the target cells (ChRBC). PMID- 1238102 TI - Beta-thalassaemia of clinical significance in adult Jamaican Negroes. AB - Over a 9-year period, three adult Negro patients with beta-thalassaemia of clinical significance were recognized out of approximately 185 000 new adult patients attending the University Hospital. These patients, aged 15-58 years, have clinical and haematological characteristics within the spectrum of beta thalassaemia intermedia; which in this paper refers to phenotypes resulting from defects in beta-chain synthesis clinically intermediate between classical Cooley's anaemia and beta-thalassaemia trait, genetic classification being dependent on family study. Family studies established the presence of two beta thalassaemia genes conclusively in one case (proposita, family A); presumptively in another (propositus, family C); while in the remaining subject (proposita, family B), who has two similarly affected siblings, homozygosity is suspected, but not proven by family study. In simultaneous 59Fe and 51 Cr studies, estimates of effective erythropoiesis are in reasonable agreement with measurements of red cell destruction. PMID- 1238103 TI - Behaviour of rats exposed to trichloroethylene vapour. AB - Rats were exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) vapour for about five five-day weeks at concentrations from 100 to 1 000 ppm, and at 100 ppm for 12 1/2 weeks. The social behaviour of paired male rats was observed periodically in the home cage for five minutes after they had been exposed to TCE. The principal finding was a consistent reduction of up to 24% in the total acitivity. A single day's exposure to TCE was sufficient at the highest concentration. At 100 ppm, a similar decline in activity was significant after 1 1/2 weeks' exposure in one experiment and 8 1/2 weeks' in another. The decline in activity was fairly uniform and not usually because of specific reductions in particular kinds of behaviour. However, exploration of the cage and submission to, or escape from, the other rat were sometimes specifically reduced. In an 'exploration-thirst' test, rats were deprived of water overnight and placed on two or three occasions in a previously unfamiliar cage. Rats exposed to 100, 200, or 1 000 ppm TCE found water and began drinking sooner than their controls without altering the rate of movement about the cage. These results suggest lowered performance in a familiar situation where rats are usually very active and some loss of inhibitory control in an unfamiliar one. At the present threshold limit value, repeated exposure to TCE eventually had effects similar to those of one day's exposure to a higher concentration, but only after a widely variable delay. PMID- 1238104 TI - An epidemiological study of recent trends in ectopic pregnancy. AB - Data from two independent sources in England and Wales, the first based upon persons discharged from hospital and the second upon general practitioner consultations, indicate that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been increasing since the late 1950s, with a particularly sharp increase since 1970. Time trends in the age and regional distribution of ectopic pregnancy suggest that the increasing use of intrauterine contraceptive devices may be a major factor contributing to this recent increase in extrauterine gestations. In contrast, recent age and regional trends in tubal infection appear to be unrelated to the trends in ectopic pregnancy. The possible contribution of progestogen-only contraceptives, induced abortion and tubal surgery to the recent increase in extrauterine pregnancy cannot be assessed from the available data. PMID- 1238105 TI - The biter bit. PMID- 1238106 TI - Thresholds of response to electric shock in previously undernourished rats. AB - 1. Rats were undernourished in early life by feeding their mothers a restricted quantity of a good-quality diet during pregnancy and lactation. All offspring were fed ad lib. from weaning. Behavioural tests were done using adult males. 2. Thresholds of aversion to electric shock were determined in a rectangular box, one side of which was designated 'live' and the other 'safe' (o V side) for any particular shock level. Three 15 min sessions were given at each of five shock levels. Previously undernourished rats had a lower aversion threshold than controls. They spent more time than controls on the o V side at two intermediate levels of shock. 3. Other male rats were subjected to six graded series of brief, unavoidable shocks. Previously undernourished rats responded to a greater total number of shock than controls. 4. These results support the hypothesis that previously undernourished rats have a lowered threshold of arousal. PMID- 1238107 TI - Catalysis by serine proteases and their zymogens. A study of acyl intermediates by circular dichroism. AB - p-Nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate and methylumbelliferyl p'-guanidinobenzoate, which are active site titrants for trypsin, and p-nitrophenyl p' dimethylsulfonioacetamidobenzoate and methylumbelliferyl p' trimethylammoniocinnamate, which are active site titrants for chymotrypsin, are also hydrolyzed by the respective zymogens. Hydrolysis in each case proceeds via the formation of acyl-zymogens. The acylation rates for the zymogens are 10(3) 10(7) times slower than for the enzymes whereas the deacylation rates of acyl enzymes and acyl-zymogens are comparable. These findings are consistent with the idea that the diminished catalytic activity of these zymogens is due primarily to their distorted substrate binding sites. The circular dichroic spectra of the acyl-enzymes show induced negative ellipticities in the region of absorption of the acyl group, due to binding of the group in an asymmetric environment. The circular dichroic spectra of the acyl-zymogens do not, but conversion of the acyl zymogens to acyl-enzymes changes the circular dichroic spectra to those characteristic of the acyl-enzymes. alpha-Carbamyl-epsilon-guanidinated trypsin is a derivative which resembles trypsinogen in lacking activity toward specific ester substrates but possessing low activity toward p-nitrophenyl p' guanidinobenzoate. The circular dichroic spectrum of the acyl-enzyme formed during hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate by this derivative resembles that of guanidinobenzoyltrypsinogen, and not that of guanidinobenzoyltrypsin. These circular dichroism studies confirm that the same serine residue is involved in catalysis by both enzymes and zymogens. They demonstrate directly that the acylating group is in a different environment in each and indicate that this specific environment is a determinant in the catalytic activity of each. Thus the circular dichroic spectra of these acyl intermediates provide a sensitive probe of the subtle conformational changes which occur on zymogen activation. The results support the previous conclusion that the major feature of the activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen is the rearrangement of the substrate binding site and that the appearance of a new amino terminus causes this rearrangement. PMID- 1238108 TI - Circular dichroism studies of myoglobin and leghemoglobin. AB - The circular dichroism spectra of leghemoglobin a from the root nodules of soybean have been compared with those for sperm whale myoglobin in the fat- and near-ultraviolet and the Soret and visible regions of the spectrum. Circular dichroism spectra in the far-ultraviolet show that the leghemoglobins all have a high alpha-helix content (soybean leghemoglobin a, 55%) regardless of the nature of bound ligands and oxidation or spin state of the heme iron. The known sequence homologies with mammalian hemoglobins may therefore be reflected in conformational homologies as suggested by the x-ray studies of Vainshtein et al. ((1975) Nature (London) 254, 163-164) on lupin leghemoglobin. Removal of the heme moiety decreases helicity by only 9% for leghemoglobins, compared with 23% for myoglobin. This, the much smaller heme contribution to the near-ultraviolet circular dichroism than in myoglobin, and the greater accessibility of the heme moiety to aqueous solvent (Nicola et al. (1974), Proc. Aust. Biochem. Soc. 7, 21) suggest that the association between heme and protein is much weaker in leghemoglobins than in myoglobin. The aromatic Soret and visible circular dichroism spectra for all derivatives of leghemoglobin are opposite in sense to those for myoglobin, showing that the patterns of protein side chain contacts with the heme are different in the two classes of heme proteins. There is strong evidence that one of the two tryptophans whose identity and structural role in myoglobin is known, is present also in plant leghemoglobins, hydrogen-bonded and in a similar nonpolar environment whether heme is present or not. The above findings help to explain the remarkably high oxygen affinity and some other ligand-binding properties of leghemoglobins which differ from those of myoglobin. PMID- 1238110 TI - Structural and thermodynamic basis of affinity in anti-dinitrophenyl antibody. AB - The thermodynamic quantities of the anti-dinitrophenyl antibody-hapten interaction are reported for rabbit, goat, and guinea pig antibodies. Rabbit and goat antibodies had similar exothermic enthalpy changes for their reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine (-13.9 and -14.8 kcal/mol, respectively). The enthalpy change with guinea pig antibody was much less exothermic (-8.7 kcal/mol), and this value was the same for two guinea pig antibody preparations that differed in affinity by almost two orders of magnitude. A heterogeneous goat anti dinitrophenyl antibody preparation was fractionated on a molecular sieve column in the presence of a bivalent ligand, a procedure that has been reported to separate antibodies according to differences in the depth of interaction with the ligand. The relationship of these differences in apparent site depth to changes in interactions with the hapten tail was examined by comparing the affinities of various fractions for two haptens. The results show that the presumed deeper sites have stronger interactions with the hapten tail. These studies suggest that the heterogeneity of anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies with respect to affinity results from differences in entropy driven lysyl side-chain interactions which arise from a heterogeneity in antigen binding site depth. PMID- 1238109 TI - Intermediates in the limited proteolytic conversion of procollagen to collagen. AB - The conversion of chick bone procollagen to collagen proceeds in a stepwise fashion to produce a limited number of intermediates. Initial proteolytic cleavages remove NH2-terminal nonhelical extensions and yield an intermediate which remains disulfide-bonded via COOH-terminal extensions. Subsequent stepwise scission of one or two chains of the triple-stranded molecule in its COOH terminal domain produces intermediates which can only be distinguished after dissociation of the noncovalently bonded alpha chains. A final cleavage in this region produces the collagen molecule and a disulfide-bonded triple-stranded fragment which represents the COOH-terminal domain. In all likelihood the endopeptidases which effect cleavage in the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions differ. More than two enzymes may be required for conversion of procollagen to collagen if the nonhelical domains are not released in an en bloc fashion. PMID- 1238111 TI - The mechanism of action of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. Inhibition by amino acid derivatives and amines; activation by aromatic compounds. AB - A variety of amino acid and peptide amides have been shown to be inhibitors of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. Among these compounds derivatives of strongly hydrophobic amino acids are the strongest inhibitors (Phe-NH2, Ki = 1.0 +/- 0.2 mM), while amides of basic amino acids were somewhat less effective (Lys-NH2, Ki = 36 +/- 3 mM). Short chain amino acid amides are notably weaker inhibitors (Gly NH2, Ki = 293 +/- 50 mM). The interaction of the side chains of compounds with the enzyme appears to be at a site other than that at which the side chain of the amino-penultimate residue of the substrate interacts since the specificity of binding is different. Primary amines have been shown to inhibit, e.g., butylamine, Ki = 340 +/- 40 mM, and aromatic compounds have been shown to stimulate activity toward Gly-Gly-NH2 and Gly-Gly-OEt (phenol, 35% stimulation of activity at a 1:1 molar ratio with the substrate). The data suggest that inhibition involves binding at the site occupied by the free alpha-amino group and the N-terminal amino acid. PMID- 1238112 TI - Specific transformations at the N-terminal region of phospholipase A2. AB - Treatment of porcine pancreatic prophospholipase A2 with methyl acetimidate converted all lysine residues into epsilon-acetimidolysine residues. Enzymatically active epsilon-amidinated phospholipase A2 (AMPA) was obtained from the epsilon-amidinated zymogen by limited tryptic proteolysis cleaving the Arg7 Ala8 bond. AMPA was used to prepare des-Ala8-, des-(Ala8,Leu9)- and des (ALa8),Leu9,Trp10)-AMP by successive Edman degradations, and des-(A la 8-Arg13) AMPA by selective splitting of the Arg13-Ser14 bond by trypsin. Structural analogues of AMPA with different N-terminal amino acid residues, viz., D-Ala, beta-Ala, and Gly, have been prepared by reacting des-Ala8-AMPA with the corresponding N-t-Boc-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of these amino acids. Similarly, the only Trp10 residue has been substituted for Phe by coupling of des (Ala8-,Leu9,Trp10)-AMPA with N-t-Boc-L-Ala-L-Leu-L-Phe-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The feasibility of these substitutions has been proven unambiguously by the retroconversion of des-Ala8-AMPA and of [Ala7]AMPA into AMPA having identical enzymatic activity as the starting AMPA. The single Trp10 residue in native phospholipase A2 and its zymogen was specifically sulfenylated using 0 nitrophenyl-sulfenyl chloride. The homogenous proteins were kinetically analyzed using short-chain lecithins in the monomeric and micellar region. All modified AMPA analogues, except those in which two or more of the N-terminal amino acid residues are removed, show enzymatic activities toward monermic substrate comparable to that of AMPA, indicating that the active site region is still intact. Only [Gly8]-, [beta-Ala8]-, and [Ala8,Leu9,Phe10]AMPA exhibit a dramatic increase in enzymatic activity similar to that of AMPA upon passing the critical micellar concentration (cmc) of the substrate. From these results it can be concluded that the N-terminal region of the enzyme requires a very precise architecture in order to interact with lipid-water interfaces and consequently to display its full enzymatic activity. PMID- 1238113 TI - 13C Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance studies of fractionated Candida utilis membranes. AB - 13C Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to study the lipid structure and dynamics of fractionated Candida utilis cell membranes. Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation times indicate the existence of mobility gradients in the direction of increased mobility from the glycerol backbone toward the terminal methyl group of the fatty acid and toward the choline methyls. The temperature dependence of the relaxation times gives activation energies of approximately 4-6 kcal/mol for the rotations about various carbon-carbon bonds which determine the relaxation rates. In general, comparison with data which have been reported for artificial membrane systems indicates that the contributions of protein-lipid interactions to the T1 gradient are of negligible importance in the yeast membrane system. A dynamical model for the motion about bonds near unsaturated bonds which determined the relaxation of the unsaturated carbons is also proposed. Measurements of chemical shifts with temperature also exhibit a correlation with chain position. On the basis of these data a correlation of deltaE, the energy difference between gauche and anti conformations for gamma carboms, with chain position is inferred. In addition, an estimate of 1.2 kcal/mol can be obtained for deltaE for carbons near the end of the fatty acid chain. This value indicates that intermolecular interactions contribute substantially to deltaE since a value of approximately 0.5 kcal/mol can be ascribed to intramolecular interactions. PMID- 1238114 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the major glycoproteins of horse and swine erythrocyte membranes. AB - The major glycoproteins of horse and swine erythrocyte membranes were isolated and examined chemically and immunologically. The major glycoprotein of horse erythrocyte membranes had a molecular weight of 33 000 and consisted of 46.2% protein and 53.8% carbohydrate, of which 9.4% was hexose, 10.1% hexosamine and 33.7% sialic acid. This glycoprotein was associated with activity for the infectious mononucleosis heterophile antigen. There were two different major glycoproteins in swine erythrocyte membranes. One major glycoprotein had a molecular weight of 46 200 and consisted of 34.2% protein and 65.8% carbohydrate, of which 18% was hexose, 19% hexosamine and 27.2% sialic acid. This glycoprotein had phytohemagglutinin (Phaseolus vulgaris) binding activity. The other glycoprotein had a molecular weight of 29 000 and consisted of 50.4% protein and 49.6% carbohydrate, of which 6.4% was hexose, 7.0% hexosamine and 36.3% sialic acid. This glycoprotein had weak or absent phytohemagglutinin binding activity. PMID- 1238115 TI - Adaptive regulation of amino acid transport across the cell membrane in avian and mammalian tissues. AB - The regulation of amino acid transport across the cell membrane by adaptive mechanisms has been studied in a variety of mesenchymal and epithelial cells and tissues of avian and mammalian origin. Changes in transport activity as a function of time under various in vitro conditions (amino acid dependence, active and inhibited protein synthesis) have been evaluated by measurements of initial entry rates with representative amino acids. Results and conclusions based on the adopted experimental approach include the following. (1) An adaptive control mechanism for the transport of neutral amino acids corresponding to the typical substrates of the A mediation is operative in (a) mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts and myoblasts) from embryonic tissues of avian (chick embryo) origin and (b) mesenchymal cells from immature rat uterus (fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) and other mammalian tissues (cardiac cells from newborn mouse and rat heart). (2) Adaptive regulation is restricted to a discrete subgroup of amino acids (L-proline, glycine and the analogue alpha aminoisobutyric acid) in rat peritoneal macrophages and thymic lymphocytes. (3) Adaptive regulation is absent in erythroid cells (human erythrocytes, rabbit erythrocytes and reticulocytes, avian erythrocytes) which lack the A mediation and are incapable of active gene transcription. (4) Adaptive regulation is absent in the epithelial kidney cortex tissue and possibly absent in the epithelial component of liver tissue from adult rats; it is fully operative in the chick embryo crystalline lens, i.e. an epithelial preparation of embryonic origin. (5) These observations indicate that adaptive control mechanisms of amino acid transport across the cell membrane are quite common among tissues and species and emphasize their broad biological significance in eukaryotes. PMID- 1238116 TI - Indophenyl acetate and acetylcholinesterase: binding of a non-specific substrate on the margin of the active center. AB - 1. Indophenyl acetate is a very poor substrate of eel or bovine acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), with a V less than 5% of that of phenyl acetate, but it is a labile ester and in imidazole buffer is hydrolyzed, non-enzymically, even faster than phenyl acetate. 2. Indophenyl acetate completely protects the enzymes against inhibition by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate but promotes inhibition by methanesulfonyl fluoride. 3. With either of these inhibitors the measured rate of inactivation of eel acetylcholinesterase is the same whether activity is determined with this poor substrate or with a good substrate, acetylthiocholine. With bovine enzyme the inactivation rate is 25% lower when assayed with the former substrate. However this preparation contains a minor enzyme component which is involved in hydrolysis of indophenyl acetate but not good substrates, and which is not readily inhibited. When this is taken into account the inactivation rates for bovine acetylcholinesterase, too, are found to be the same in either assay. These and other observations in the literature can be explained if indophenyl acetate, because of its size, cannot fully penetrate into the active center and is bound in adjoining non-polar regions of the protein. From this external position it makes only intermittent contact with the esteratic site. Hence it is slowly hydrolyzed and fails to protect the enzyme against methanesulfonyl fluoride, though it does protect, possibly sterically, against the larger inhibitor diisopropylphosphorofluoridate. PMID- 1238117 TI - Purine and pyrimidine inhibitors of arginase. AB - 1. Adenosine, inosine, adenine and uric acid are competitive inhibitors and cytidine and cytosine noncompetitive inhibitors of bovine liver arginase (L arginine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1). 2. The affinity of the enzyme for these inhibitors was 10--100 times as great as for substrate in terms of Ki versus Km. 3. These nucleic acid metabolites may thus function in vivo to regulate the urea cycle. 4. Several naturally occuring competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors of arginase of unknown structure have been isolated from plant and animal tissue. From their properties and methods of isolation, they may be the purines and pyrimidines herein described. 5. These purines and pyrimidines have no effect on tryptic hydrolysis. PMID- 1238118 TI - Pallidin. Purification and characterization of a carbohydrate-binding protein from Polysphondylium pallidum implicated in intercellular adhesion. AB - A carbohydrate-binding protein from Polysphondylium pallidum, a species of cellular slime mold, was purified to homogeneity by adsorption to formalinized erythrocytes and elution with D-galactose. The protein, for which we propose the name PALLIDIN, is assayed by its activity as an agglutinin of erythrocytes. It was previously shown to have different carbohydrate-binding specificities than discoidin, a carbohydrate-binding protein from Dictyostelium discoideum, another species of slime mold. Evidence has been presented previously that each of these proteins is detectable on the cell surface. In the present report we show that the physico-chemical properties of pallidin are different from discoidin. Pallidin has a subunit molecular weight of 24 800 +/- 1100 determined by polyacrylamide electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate and 2 mercaptoethanol, compared to 26 100 +/- 1000 for discoidin. The weight-average molecular weight of pallidin is 250 000 +/- 50 000 determined by equilibrium sedimentation in the presence of D-galactose compared to 100 000 +/- 2000 for discoidin. In equilibrium sedimentation studies, pallidin exhibited some heterogeneity at equilibrium while discoidin was homogeneous. The amino acid composition of pallidin is generally similar but clearly different from the composition of discoidin. The isoelectric point of pallidin is 7.0 compared to 6.1 for discoidin. Like discoidin, pallidin contains no detectable hexosamine or neutral sugar. These results establish that agglutinins from two species of cellular slime molds are distinct. The different properties of the cell-surface agglutinins, pallidin and discoidin, are consistent with their suggested role in species-specific cellular recognition and adhesion in the species of slime mold from which they are derived. PMID- 1238119 TI - The structure, physical and chemical properties of the soy bean protein glycinin. AB - The major storage protein of the soybean, glycinin, has been prepared in a homogeneous form and examined by a variety of techniques. It has been found that the protein has a molecular weight of 320000 and contains two sizes of subunits with different isoelectric points. There are six acidic subunits of approximately 35000 and six basic of approximately 20000. Analysis revealed three different kinds of acidic subunits and probably three kinds of basic ones also. These twelve subunits are packed in two identical hexagons, placed one on the other, yielding a hollow oblate cylinder of 110 X 110 X 75 A. Some or all of the subunits are non-spherical resulting in a partial blocking of the central hole. Information about the forces stabilzing the native structure is also discussed. PMID- 1238120 TI - The effect of calcium on the tryptic digestion of bovine intestinal calcium binding protein. AB - The tryptic hydrolysis of bivine intestinal calcium-binding protein in the presence and absence of excess calcium has been investigated. Calcium-binding activity and immunological reactivity of the protein were not significantly affected in the presence of 1.0 mM CaCl2 following 24 h incubation at 38 degrees C with trypsin at ratios of 1:9 of enzyme to calcium-binding protein. Some modification of the protein did occur under these conditions, however, since analysis by analytical acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated the formation of a more rapidly-migrating species from the slower-moving original protein band. Omission of added calcium from the incubation medium resulted in rapid and essentially complete destruction of calcium-binding activity and immunological reactivity, and the formation of peptides of low molecular weight. This provides evidence that the conformation of the calcium-binding protein in the presence of calcium differs from that in its absence. PMID- 1238121 TI - Surface distribution of the fatty acid side chains of phosphatidylethanolamine in mixed phospholipid vesicles. AB - A method has been developed for the selective determination of the fatty acid side chain distribution associated with the amino containing phospholipids located in the inner and outer surfaces of membranes. Using sonicated phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine vesicles as a model, the analysis consists of selective labeling of the outer surface amino groups with the membrane impermeable reagent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Outer and inner surface phosphatidylethanolamine fractions are separated by thin-layer chromatography. Analysis of methyl esters derived from these two fractions, by gas-liquid chromatography, yields the fatty acid side chain distribution. Our results show that there is no mol fraction dependence of the incorporation of any specific fatty acid side chains of egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine into the vesicle or any preferential distribution of these side chains in the inner or outer vesicle surface. The surface distribution of the egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine molecules in these vesicles appears to be determined by the head group packing requirements and not the fatty acid side chain composition. PMID- 1238122 TI - Step conductance increases in bilayer membranes induced by antibody-antigen complement action. AB - A sharp rise in the electrical conductance of lipid bilayer membranes was observed following the addition of antigen (bovine serum), antibody (rabbit anti bovine serum), and complement to the neighboring aqueous phases. At low concentrations, step increases in the conductivity occurred which are consistent with the appearance of about 2.2 nm holes in the membrane. Probably attack or lysis of the lipid bilayer by complement is responsible. PMID- 1238123 TI - Structural studies of biological membranes and related model systems by Raman spectroscopy. Sphingomyelin and 1,2-dilauroyl phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - Raman spectra are reported at relatively high resolutions (1.5 cm-1) for sphingomyelin and for 1,2-dilauroyl phosphatidylethanolamine above and below their melting temperatures. The spectra of 1,2-dilauroyl phosphatidylethanolamine below Tm show the hydrocarbon chains to be less ordered in the solid phase than the fatty acid of the same chain length, without the significant occurrence of guache isomers. The spectra of sphingomyelin show significant formation of gauche isomers below Tm, indicating a less rigid environment for this molecule in the solid state. PMID- 1238124 TI - Cell cycle dependent exposure of a high molecular weight protein on the surface of mouse L cells. AB - The non-penetrating lactoperoxidase iodination probe has been employed in conjunction with synchronously dividing populations of mouse L cells to identify a high molecular weight protein is preferentially exposed on the L cell surface during G1 phase of the cell cycle. Progression of cells from G1 to S is accompanied by a marked decrease in tha availability of this structure, called band 1, to lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and it remains unavailable until cells re-enter G1. It is suggested that the band 1 polypeptide may be functionally involved in the regulation of L cell growth. PMID- 1238125 TI - Fluctuations in deoxyribo- and ribonucleoside triphosphate pools during the mitotic cycle of Physarum polycephalum. AB - Fluctuations in the pools of deoxyribo- and ribonucleoside triphosphates have been measured during the synchronous mitotic cycle of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum. The most pronounced fluctuation of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates was seen shortly before and after initiation of DNA synthesis. The pools of dTTP, dATP, dCTP and dGTP expanded before initiation of DNA synthesis and decreased again in early S phase. The pools of ribonucleoside triphosphates increased during mitosis and again 1 h after mitosis and 5 h after mitosis. PMID- 1238126 TI - Theory of hapten binding to IgM: the question of repulsive interactions between binding sites. AB - Various workers in their studies of the binding of haptens to IgM have observed that at low hapten concentration IgM has an apparent valence of five or near five, while at high hapten concentration IgM has a valence of ten. A possible explanation for this is that there is an interaction between binding sites on the same F(ab')2 region of the IgM molecule. In this paper the theory for such an interaction is presented and an expression for the apparent valence is derived. It is shown that the apparent valence depends on both the interaction between binding sites on the IgM molecule and on the width of the affinity distribution which characterizes the antiserum. A broad affinity distribution can give an apparent valence of five even when there is no interaction between sites, i.e., even when the ten binding sites on the IgM molecule are identical and independent. The general properties of a Scatchard plot are also discussed. When there is no interaction between sites it is shown that the average affinity and the variance of the affinity distribution can be obtained from a Scatchard plot. To illustrate the theory, an antiserum with affinities characterized by a normal distribution is considered and a simple method is presented for determining alpha, the parameter which measures the width of the normal distribution. PMID- 1238127 TI - Sugar production from agricultural woody wastes by saccharification with Trichoderma viride cellulase. AB - The saccharification of agricultural woody wastes was studied using a commercial enzyme preparation, Cellulase onozuka, derived from Trichoderma viride or the solid culture extracts of the fungus. With the intention of producing sugar at low cost, a simple procedure of enzymatic saccharification of rice straw, bagasse, and sawdust was studied. Delignifying methods of these wastes were investigated using dilute sodium hydroxide solution and dilute peracetic acid. Rice straw and bagasse were effectively delignified by boiling in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hr or by autoclaving at 120 degrees C in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hr. The sawdust from a broad leaved tree (Machilus thunbergii) was delignified by autoclaving at 120 degrees C in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hr and by subsequent boiling in diluted 1/5 peracetic acid for 1 hr. This type of sawdust was also delignified by boiling in 1/5 peracetic acid for 1 hr and by subsequent autoclaving at 120 degrees C in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hr. The sawdust from a coniferous tree (Cryptomeria japonica) was delignified by boiling in 1/5 peracetic acid for 1 hr and by subsequent autoclaving at 120 degrees C in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hr; however, the successive treatment by autoclaving with alkali solution and subsequent boiling with diluted peracetic acid failed to bring about the desired effect. The saccharification of delignified rice straw, bagasse, and sawdust was examined using Cellulase onozuka, wheat bran or rice straw solid culture at various substrate concentrations, resulting in the formation of 5 to 10% sugar solutions after incubation at pH 5.0, 45 degrees C for 48 hr. The optimum substrate concentration existed at around 10%. Reuse of cellulase solution and resaccharification of residual sawdust were considered to be inadequate. PMID- 1238128 TI - Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar. PMID- 1238129 TI - Process development studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. PMID- 1238130 TI - The acid hydrolysis of refuse. PMID- 1238131 TI - [Effect of "immune" RNA on various types of cells interacting in the immune response]. AB - Simultaneous injection of marrow cells previously incubated with "immune" RNA, thymus cells and sheep red cells to X-ray treated mice resulted in a greater accumulation of antibody-forming cells in the spleen, as compared to mice inoculated with intact cells or with those incubated with normal RNA. Preliminary incubation of thymus cells with "immune" RNA did not affect the accumulation of antibody-forming cells. Incubation of peritoneal exudate cells with "immune" or normal RNA failed to influence the mode of accumulation of the antibody-forming cells either. PMID- 1238132 TI - Object relations and a new social psychiatry: the illusion of primary prevention. PMID- 1238133 TI - Proceedings: Interaction of carbenoxolone sodium with other drigs bound to plasma proteins. PMID- 1238134 TI - Proceedings: Comparison of circling behaviour following unilateral inhibition of GABA-transaminase or discrete electroyltic lesioning in the rat substantia nigra. PMID- 1238135 TI - Proceedings: Differences in circling responses following electrolytic and 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-striatal pathway. PMID- 1238136 TI - Proceedings: Analgesics and rotational behaviour in rats with unilateral substantia nigra lesions. Effects in the presence and absence of (+)-amphetamine. PMID- 1238137 TI - Infantile autism in twins. AB - A pair of MZ male twins concordant for early infantile autism (E.I.A.) is presented. A distinction is drawn between E.I.A. and infantile psychosis (I.P.) with associated mental retardation as a guide to prognosis and the necessity to provide suitable social training and education. The relevance of aetiology is discussed, and the importance of abnormal ante-natal history and delivery status, even in cases with strong genetic predisposition, is noted. PMID- 1238138 TI - Bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux with pyelonephritis in identical twins. AB - A case of identical twins with bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux is presented. This case supports the hypothesis that primary vesico-ureteral incompetence may be an inherited lesion. The importance of investigating close relatives, especially identical twins, is stressed. PMID- 1238139 TI - Letter: Promiscuity and infertility. PMID- 1238140 TI - Septic abortion in women using intrauterine devices. PMID- 1238141 TI - Staphylococcal infections: II. Food poisoning. PMID- 1238142 TI - Letter from South Australia: Afflictions and admonitions. PMID- 1238143 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and premenstrual tension. PMID- 1238144 TI - Editorial: Death of a nurse. PMID- 1238145 TI - Of great place. PMID- 1238146 TI - Letter: Breast-feeding and maternal nutrition. PMID- 1238147 TI - Letter: Patients or criminals? PMID- 1238149 TI - Letter: Overprescription of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 1238148 TI - Mastalgia and total body water. AB - Total body water (TBW) was measured early and late in a menstrual cycle in 56 women, 39 of whom had breast pain. The remainder were asymphtomatic controls. Most women did not conform to the traditional view that there is a premenstrual increase in TBW. In some TBW decreased, while in others there was no change from the early cycle measurement. No TBW pattern correlated with any syndromes of breast pain or with any psychoneurotic profile. PMID- 1238150 TI - Apomorphine-induced stereotyped biting in the tortoise in relation to dopaminergic mechanisms. AB - A biting behavior in the Moroccan pond tortoise (Clemmys caspica leprosa) after apomorphine administration is described. The biting behavior was antagonized by the specific anti-dopaminergic drug haloperidol (10 mg/kg) and trifluperazine (15 mg/kg). The behavior was compared to similar behaviors in birds and mammals. The dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, were measured by a gas chromatographic method in the tortoise brain. From the effects on behavior and the changes in the level of these metabolites upon drug administration it was concluded that the dopamine system in the tortoise is qualitatively similar to that in birds and mammals but less sensitive to blockade. PMID- 1238152 TI - Influence of coprophagous arthropods on microorganisms in sheep feces--laboratory investigations. PMID- 1238151 TI - The synthesis of messenger RNA in the cellular slime mold Dictyosteilum discoideum. PMID- 1238153 TI - Defensive reactions of L3, L4 larvae of the Colorado beetle to the insecticidal fungi Paecilomyces farinosus (Dicks) Brown et Smith, Paecilomyces fumoso--roseus (Wize), Beauveria bassiana (Bols/Vuill.) (Fungi Imperfecti: Moniliales). PMID- 1238154 TI - Effect of Nepsilon-alkylation of the substrate on the hydrolysis of benzoylglycyl L-lysine by carboxypeptidase B1. AB - The action of carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.12.3) on the benzoylglycyl dipeptides Bz Gly-Lys(X) where X = methyl, ethyl, propyl, formyl, dimethyl, isopropyl, trimethyl, and benzyl has been investigated. All were hydrolyzed, at a rate decreasing in the order indicated, except where X = trimethyl and benzyl. Compounds where X = dimethyl, formyl, and isopropyl were hydrolyzed very slowly, and did not inhibit the hydrolysis of Bz-Glys-Lys by the enzyme. The kinetic parameters kcat and Km were determined for compounds with X = methyl and ethyl. The observed decrease in rate of hydrolysis of substrates with increasing size of X is consistent with increasing steric hindrance effects arising from the interaction of the Nepsilon-alkyl group with residues of the protein in the cleft which accommodates the substrate side-chain, and resulting in weaker binding of the substrate. Bz-Gly-Lys(Me2) was prepared by reductive methylation of Bz-Gly Lys. Bz-Gly-Lys(Me3) was prepared by the reaction of Bz-Gly-Lys(Me2) with diazomethane in aqueous solution. Bz-Gly-Lys(Me) and Bz-Gly-Lys(Et) were synthesized by classical coupling procedures from the appropriately protected lysine derivatives. PMID- 1238155 TI - 54Mn uptake by the ovaries and reproductive tract of cycling and anestrous ewes. AB - The uptake of 54Mn by the ovaries and reproductive tract of cycling and anestrous ewes has been investigated following intravenous injection of a single dose of 54MnCl2 and sacrifice of the ewes 6 h later. The uptake of 54Mn was greater in the Graafian follicle and the corpus luteum (CL) of the cycle than in the other components of the ovary. An increased uptake of radioactivity was recorded in the CL of the 11th day of the cycle when compared with that of the 4th day. The uptake of 54Mn was lower in the corpus albicans and follicles. A low uptake of radiomanganese was found also in the various tissues of the reproductive tract. These findings indicate that manganese may play a role in the normal functioning of ovarian activity in the ewe. PMID- 1238156 TI - Ultrastructural studies of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC in situ in yolk sac explants and L cells: a comparison with gram-negative bacteria. AB - Chlamydia psittaci (6BC) was grown in yolk sac explants and in L cells and fixed by perfusion in situ to provide undamaged material for comparison with gram negative bacteria. Reticulate, intermediate, and elementary bodies were all seen to lack a well-defined periplasmic space; intermediate and elementary bodies showed condensations of the nucleoid which differ from common bacterial configurations; and the cytoplasm of highly condensed elementary bodies was much more electron dense than that of the gram-negative bacteria, while retaining its basically particulate nature. These important morphological distinctions are interpreted as reflections of a significantly different cellular level of organization in these two groups of organisms. No important morphological differences were noted in comparisons of the chlamydial particles grown in the two different host systems. PMID- 1238157 TI - The effect of purification on the ultrastructure and infectivity of egg attenuated Chlamydia psittaci (6BC). AB - A procedure is described for the purification of mixed populations of the three different morphological forms of Chlamydia psittaci (6BC) from infected yolk sac membranes. Elementary bodies and small intermediate bodies are not perceptibly damaged during purification which involves homogenization of the host cells, differential centrifugation, sedimentation through 20% sucrose, and treatment with trypsin. The observation that elementary bodies undergo plasmolysis in 20% sucrose is interpreted as indicating that the cytoplasmic membrane of these particles is intact at that stage in the purification. Reticulate bodies and large intermediate bodies are damaged, to a degree, by the homogenization step. This damage takes the form of discontinuities of the outer envelope membrane, and results in the loss of the regular coccobacillary shape of these particles and in an increase in their size. Treatment with a combination of RNase and DNase was found to cause profound damage to all three morphological forms of the chlamydiae. PMID- 1238158 TI - Specific inhibition of sclerotium formation by 2-mercaptoethanol and related sulfhydryl compounds in Sclerotium rolfsii. AB - Sclerotium formation in Sclerotium rolfsii was completely inhibited by 2 mercaptoethanol at a concentration of 2-4 mM without any adverse effect on mycelial growth. Concentrations lower than 2 mM had no effect on mycelial growth and sclerotium formation, whereas both were inhibited at concentrations higher than 4 mM. Complete inhibition of sclerotium formation with no effect on mycelial growth was also obtained by propyl mercaptan, 1-butyl mercaptan and 2-butyl mercaptan at a concentration of 0.10 mM. Sclerotium formation was also inhibited by benzyl mercaptan and thioglycolic acid at 0.15 mM and 2-4 mM concentration respectively, whereas it was only partially inhibited by L-cysteine and glutathione at 20 mM. Mycelium grown for 21 days in nutrient medium supplemented with mercaptoethanol at a concentration of 3 mM, when transferred into fresh medium without the chemical, grew normally and produced abundant mature sclerotia. Mercaptoethanol inhibited the initiation as well as the further development of young, unpigmented sclerotia. The mechanism of sclerotium formation was arrested completely when mercaptoethanol was added to the growth medium at any time between inoculation and the appearance of sclerotia of the "development" stage. It is suggested that the specific inhibitory action of mercaptoethanol could be used to study the mechanism of sclerotium formation PMID- 1238159 TI - Osmophilous fungi in the salt marshes of Kuwait. AB - During an investigation of the mycoflora inhabiting saline soils in Kuwait, special attention was focused on osmophilous fungi. A total of 101 species belonging to 46 genera were encountered from 40 soil samples collected from salt marshes using Czapek's agar supplemented with 40% sucrose. Soil samples were collected from different habitats at different distances from the water edge. Soils near to the water edge were poor in their fungal content, while those taken from areas covered by Juncus arabicus contained highest fungal populations. The recorded genera were classified as follows: 7 were of high frequency of occurrence, 8 moderate, 17 low, and 13 were rare. The order of dominance was Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, and Drechslera. Comparison between our results and those in other studies showed that there is no fungal flora characteristic of saline soils. PMID- 1238160 TI - Evidence for a relationship between chloroquine and complement from studies with lymphocyte mitogens: possible implications for the mechanism of action of chloroquine in disease. AB - Chloroquine increases the inhibition of cultured lymphocytes by high concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A). The inhibition is also increased by complement. Thus chloroquine and complement have similar effects. Time-course studies show that chloroquine increases the rate of onset of the complement-dependent inhibition. In serum preheated to inactivate complement, chloroquine can partially simulate the effect of complement. It is suggested that at certain stages in malaria or autoimmune disease the rate of clearance of parasitized erythrocytes or autoreactive lymphocytes is limited by the concentration of complement. Under these conditions a drug such as chloroquine, which could enhance or simulate the action of complement, might be of therapeutic value. PMID- 1238161 TI - Concanavalin A as a selective agent in tissue culture for temperature-sensitive hamster cell lines. AB - A novel method for isolating Chinese hamster cell cultures with temperature sensitive growth properties is described. Concanavalin A can be used as a selective agent in tissue culture to isolate lectin-resistant cell lines which exhibit colony-forming abilities at the nonpermissive temperature relative to the permissive temperature as low as 10(-4) to 10(-6). A general correlation exists between resistance to the lectin and temperature sensitivity. PMID- 1238162 TI - The function of slime from Physarum flavicomum in the control of cell division. AB - A haploid cell of the myxomycete Physarum flavicomum undergoes cytokinesis, producing a large population of cells. However, after syngamy, cytokinesis no longer occurs but karyokinesis does and subsequent growth results in the formation of a diploid syncytial plasmodium. Slime, which is produced by the plasmodium but not the haploid cells, was aseptically isolated and purified, and tested for its effect as a cytokinetic regulator. Slime (a viscous, high molecular weight, acidic glycoprotein) affected cytokinesis of the haploid myxamoebae growing in pure culture in soluble media, and the effect was concentration dependent. In simple media, a slime concentration of about 6 10( 5) mug protein per cell suppressed cytokinesis about 50%, unequally inhibited the synthesis of protein, RNA, and DNA, but stimulated respiration. The biological activity of slime was not species specific and it also affected the bacterium Bacillus subtilis by inhibiting cytokinesis, stimulating oxygen uptake, and producing an aberrant cell morphology. Slime was inactivated by heat, fragmentation, and incubation with dithiothreitol, mercaptoethanol, and the proteolytic enzyme papain (EC 3.4.22.2). The inhibitory effect of slime on cell division of haploid cells could not be achieved using mucin or various polyanions. The possible role of slime in the production of the diploid syncytium is discussed. PMID- 1238163 TI - The lipids of four unusual non-pathogenic host-associated spirochetes. AB - The lipid compositions of two spirochetes isolated from the human oral cavity and two isolated from pig feces were examined. These isolates were unusual in that they did not require long-chain fatty acids for growth, as do the other host associated spirochetes, but rather required isobutyric and valeric acids. Therefore, they could be cultured in a medium free of serum or fatty acid - albumin supplements. The major fatty acids synthesized were normal and iso fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbons. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected, nor were chain lengths longer than 16 carbons. The major complex lipids found were monogalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl glycerol, and bis-phosphatidyl glycerol. Nitrogenous phospholipids, present in Treponema and Leptospira, were not synthesized by these novel strains. The data indicate an intermediate position of these isolates between Treponema and free-living Spriochaeta. PMID- 1238164 TI - Oxygenated mixed venous PCO2 in healthy subjects. AB - Despite the large number of blood gas measurements made over the years, precise information is lacking on intrasubject and intersubject variability of carbon dioxide tension. Accordingly, the oxygenated mixed venous CO2 tension was measured in 202 healthy volunteers and the influence of potentially disturbing factors such as intake of coffee and food, exercise and menstruation on the stability of this tension was studied in selected subjects. In the 102 men the mean value was 5.1 mm Hg (SD, 2.9 mm Hg), significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that of the 100 women, 46.03 mm Hg (SD, 2.48 mm Hg). Among the women the value was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in those taking oral contraceptives (mean, 44.9 mm Hg; SD, 2.3 mm Hg) than in those not taking these agents (mean, 46.5 mm Hg; SD, 2.4 mm Hg). Intrasubject variability of values was greatest in women taking oral contraceptives, mean day-to-day variation over two mentrual cycles being +/- 3.26 mm Hg. After moderate exercise the tension usually returned to +/- 1 mm Hg of resting values within 5 minutes. Intake of food and coffee had negligible effects on the tension. PMID- 1238165 TI - Cancer incidence in the United States and Puerto Rico. AB - This study compares cancer incidence in the United States National Survey areas and Puerto Rico for the period of 1969 to 1974. There are several differences between the 2 areas. Puerto Rico has a higher incidence of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, cervix uteri, vulva, and penis. The Survey areas have higher incidences of cancer of the colon, rectum, lung, corpus uteri, female breast, and ovary. The differences between sexes are more or less the same as in other countries. PMID- 1238166 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells from N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced hyperplastic nodules of rat liver maintained in a primary culture system. AB - The level of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the parenchymal cells from hyperplastic nodules and from the entire liver of rats fed N-2-fluorenylacetamide was studied and compared with that of normal liver cells. Measurements of unscheduled DNA synthesis were carried out by the use of a primary liver cell culture system. Livers were perfused with collagenase, the cells from individual hyperplastic nodules, and/or from the whole liver aspirated and plated onto plastic Petri dishes. Simultaneous histochemical measurements of beta-glucuronidase were carried out in the cultured cells as an aid in distinguishing functional cell types. The cells from hyperplastic nodules obtained from the liver during carcinogen feeding survived much longer than normal liver cells in culture. The level of unscheduled DNA synthesis was determined radioautographically after exposing cells to ultraviolet light and incubating with [3H]thymidine. [3H]Thymidine labeling was variable among individual nodules or animals and fluctuated as a function of the number of days in culture. In general, however, the level of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the cells from hyperplastic nodules was always higher than or similar to that of normal liver cells. Thus, the cells of hyperplastic nodules are not more readily transformed into the malignant state than normal cells as a result of their lowered DNA repair mechanisms. PMID- 1238167 TI - Synthetic and naturally occurring hydrazines as possible cancer causative agents. AB - The various synthetic substituted hydrazines, which cause tumors in animals, are briefly enumerated. To date, 19 of them have proved to be tumorigenic in animals. A number of these chemicals are found today in the environment, in industry, in agriculture, and in medicine, and the human population is exposed to a certain degree to some of them. Hydrazine also occurs in nature in tobacco and tobacco smoke. The three other naturally occurring hydrazine compounds are N-methyl-N formylhydrazine, which occurs in the wild edible mushroom, Gyromitra esculenta, and beta-N-[gamma-L(+)-glutamyl]-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine and 4 hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine, which are found in the commonly eaten cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Tumorigenesis studies with the naturally occurring hydrazines are in progress. PMID- 1238168 TI - Effects of 4-nitrobenzofurazans and their N-oxides on synthesis of protein and nucleic acid by murine leukemia cells. AB - A series of benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazoles (benzofurazans) and their N-oxides (benzofuroxans) inhibit incorporation of precursors into nucleic acids and protein by murine leukemia cells. At slighly higher levels, substantial single- and double-strand DNA breakage was observed. At still higher concentrations, inhibition of phosphorylation of uridine and thymidine was found. Structure activity relationships show that only compounds bearing appropriate substitutions at positions 4 and 7 were effective inhibitors of biosynthetic pathways. Such compounds appear to interact with a wide variety of biological systems and may be useful in elucidating modes of macromolecule synthesis. PMID- 1238169 TI - The inhibitory activities of 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-hex-2-enonolactones on 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucosidase. AB - Treatment of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone with dicyclohexylamine in ethanolic solution afforded an unsaturated 1,4-lactone, 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D erythro-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone (1), in good yield. 2-Acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D threo-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone (2) was similarly prepared from 2-acetamido-2-deoxy D-galactono-1,4-lactone. An unsaturated 1,5-lactone, 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D threo-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactone (4), was obtained through the oxidation of 2 acetamido-2-doexy-4,6-0-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose with silver carbonate on Celite, followed by mild hydrolysis. The inhibitory activity of four isomeric 2 acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-hex-2-enonolactones [1, 2, 4, and 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy D-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactone (3)] was assayed against 2-acetamido-2-deoxy beta-D-glucosidase from bull epididymis. Only the erythro lactones 1 and 3 are weak competitive inhibitors, whereas the threo lactones 2 and 4 are practically inactive. The 1,4-lactone 1 inhibited 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucosidase more strongly than the 1,5-lactone 3. The lactones 1-4 were found to be quite stable in aqueous solution or under inhibitory-assay conditions. In addition, two 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glycals, 2-acetamido-1,5-anhydrohex-1-enitol (7) were tested; both are 10 times as active as 1. PMID- 1238170 TI - Synthesis and enzymic hydrolysis of some p-nitrophenyl 2-aroylamino-2-deoxy-beta D-glucopyranosides. PMID- 1238171 TI - Spermatogenetic clones developing from repopulating stem cells surviving a high dose of an alkylating agent. AB - We investigated stem cell renewal and differentiation in 10- and 15-days-old spermatogonial clones developing in mouse seminiferous epithelium after an extremely large cell loss, inflicted by high doses of the alkylating agent Myleran. The spermatogonial clones arise from cells that resemble the Ais spermatogonia but have a larger nuclear diameter. In spite of their mitotic activity these 'repopulating stem cells' lie mainly isolated or in pairs. This explained by migration and differentiation. Migration appeared to occur at random in all directions along the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule. After one or more divisions of the stem cells, a second type of cell appears, which is called the 'differentiating spermatogomium'. The time elapsing before this type of cell appears, depends on the dose of Myleran: the larger the dose the later differentiation starts. A relation could be demonstrated between the stage of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the start of differentiation. Differentiating cells were found isolated or in groups of two, four, eight or sixteen cells. Hence we concluded that at least up to their fourth division differentiating cells divide synchronously without degenerations. Three types of division of repopulating stem cells were distinguished, producing (1) two repopulating stem cells, (2) one repopulating stem cell and one cell starting spermatogonial differentiation, or (3) two differentiating cells. Type 1 divisions were found most frequently. PMID- 1238172 TI - The fine structure of the epidermis of two species of salmonid fish, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). and the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) AB - The fine structure of epidermal mucous cells of two species of salmonid fish has been described. Mucous cells are, next to filament-containing cells, the most commonly encountered cells in fish epidermis. The development of the cells as they progress to the periphery has been characterised. They are initially difficult to distinguish from filament-containing cells: later, they can be recognised by the presence of much smooth-surfaced E.R. The mucigenesis and the subsequent secretion of mucus has been observed and it is essentially comparable to that which occurs in the mucous cells of the mammalian intestine. The mucous layer of the epidermal surface seems to mainly comprise of the products of these mucous cells and the "cuticle" seen in other species has not yet been observed in the salmonid species investigated here. PMID- 1238173 TI - Chromaffin cells in the glomerular zone of adult rat adrenal cortex. AB - The occasional presence of islets of chromaffin cells in the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex of adult rats, is reported in this light and electron microscope study. A possible error in organogenesis of the gland and the possible persistence of some foetal characteristics in these ectopic cells are discussed. PMID- 1238174 TI - [The values of prelactin, FSH and LH in the course of galactorrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238175 TI - [Lactation after the implantation of a gel-prothesis into hypoplastic breasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238176 TI - Interaction of ethidium bromide with DNA as studied by kinetic spectrophotometry. AB - The interaction of ethidium bromide (EB) with DNA has been investigated using the pulse radiolysis technique. In particular, the absolute rate constant for the reaction of hydrated electrons, generated by single pulses of high-energy electrons, with EB is shown to drop dramatically in the presence of DNA. This drop in diffusion-limited reactivity results from the interaction of EB with DNA, effectively immobilising it, thus lowering the reaction cross-section or probability. Analysis of the resulting kinetic spectrophotometric data shows that they are consistent with a reversible interaction of EB with DNA as described by the law of mass action. The Scatchard-type plots obtained are linear, and give quantitative information on the extent and degree of association, comparable with that obtained by more conventional methods. The potential of the pulse radiolysis technique for studying different types of interactions between small molecules and various biopolymers has been demonstrated. PMID- 1238177 TI - Investigations into the mechanism of action of anti-tumour platinum compounds: time- and dose-dependent changes in the alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation profiles of DNA from hamster cells treated with cis-platinum (II) diamminedichloride. AB - Under the conditions of low speed centrifugation used in this study, the proportion of radioactively labelled DNA from Chinese hamster V79-379A cells sedimenting to the 700S region of an alkaline sucrose gradient was increased in a dose-dependent manner by prior treatment of the cells for 2 h with cis-platinum (II) diamminedichloride [cis-Pt(II)]. This increase was at the expense of material sedimenting in the 400-650S region. This profile was not modified by a 2 h post-treatment incubation prior to centrifugation. 6 h after treatment, the DNA from treated cells sedimented in a narrow band at a position corresponding to 350S. 21 h after exposure to the drug, a dose-dependent restitution of the DNA species sedimenting in the 450-650S range was observed. These results combined with other data relating to platinum binding allow the following conclusions to be reached: (1) cis Pt(II) treatment does not lead to the rapid formation of single-stranded breaks or alkali-labile sites in cellular DNA. (2) The time dependent changes in sedimentation rate of DNA from treated cells may reflect the transient appearance of gaps following endonuclease attack at platinum-bound sites in DNA. (3) The likely ratio of inter to intra-strand DNA-platinum interactions suggests that such endonuclease attack is primarily at platinum induced inter-strand DNA cross-links. PMID- 1238178 TI - Measurement by radioimmunoassay of unconjugated estriol in pregnancy serum. AB - Antisera to estriol 6--onjugates were tested for suitability in the direct radioimmunoassay of unconjugated estriol in extracts of pregnancy serum. Assessment of specificity through titration with competing steroids allowed a selection to be made within the group of antisera. The measurement was then standardized by checking the absence of analytical blank (solvent and sample blank) and the extent of binding variability associated with the use of charcoal dextran as a separating agent. Validation was made by means of the usual recovery and dilution tests, and by a cross-comparison of analytical data obtained with different antisera; reproducibility of calibration curve and within-and between assay variability was evaluated under routine conditions. The validity of the clinical information was assessed by assaying 202 samples randomly collected throughout normal pregnancy from the 16th week to term: both trend and levels of unconjugated estriol concentration were found to be in good agreement with the literature data. PMID- 1238179 TI - An enzymic method for the determination of the glycine/taurine ratio of conjugated bile acids in bile. AB - A method is described in which the ratio of the glycine- to taurine-conjugated bile acids (G/T ratio) in bile is determined. After pretreatment of the bile for removal of the lipids, the bile acids are deconjugated enzymically with choloylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.24). The amino acids taurine and glycine are liberated in this way, after appropriate isolation, taurine and/or glycine are then determined with ninhydrin, enabling the establishment of the G/T ratio. A nearly complete hydrolysis was obtained for 6 conjugated bile acids, while the recovery of these acids when added to hog or ox bile was quantitative. The mean G/T ratio for hog bile, ox bile and human B-bile was 6.3, 2.5 and 2.0, respectively. The amount of total, free and conjugated bile acids can be determined by this method, combined with the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase technique for bile acid determination described by Iwata and Yamasaki [1]. A high G/T ratio was observed in 3 cases of Crohn's disease in the small bowel, but the extent of deconjugation in B-bile was lower than in duodenal fluid. The determination of the G/T ratio can be complementary to our knowledge of the metabolism of bile salts in certain gastro-intestinal disorders. PMID- 1238180 TI - [Human serum hormone levels during the adolescent growth spurt (II). FSH and LH]. PMID- 1238181 TI - [Changes in blood testosterone levels of normal males in relation to age]. PMID- 1238182 TI - [Diurnal variation of serum cortisol and CDP-choline treatment of patients in the vegetative state]. PMID- 1238183 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum FSH, LH, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in women with normal menstruation cycles]. PMID- 1238184 TI - [Case of Klinefelter's syndrome with a long Y]. PMID- 1238185 TI - [Analysis of the blood C-peptide level using C-peptide Kit (I) and its clinical application]. PMID- 1238186 TI - [Clinical experience with a new adrenal scanning agent, 6 beta-iodomethyl-19-nor cholest-5(10)-en-3 beta-01-131I(NCL-6-131I, Adsterol)]. PMID- 1238187 TI - [Interelationship between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas - with special reference to rapid, repeated intravenous injections (in increasing dosages) of natural secretin for the study of the reserve capacity of the pancreas]. PMID- 1238188 TI - [Problems in the determination of prostaglandin]. PMID- 1238189 TI - [Prostaglandin and the lung]. PMID- 1238190 TI - [Prostagrandin and the blood platelet]. PMID- 1238191 TI - [Prostaglandin and reproduction]. PMID- 1238192 TI - [Cell division and the mechanism of growth control]. PMID- 1238194 TI - [Control of cell proliferation by cellular interactions]. PMID- 1238193 TI - [DNA synthesis and the control of cell proliferation]. PMID- 1238195 TI - [Induction of transdifferentiation in cultured cells - differentiation of pigment epithelial cells into crystalline lens cells]. PMID- 1238196 TI - [Cell proliferation and regulation of differentiation during the process of oncogenesis]. PMID- 1238197 TI - [Regulation of proliferation of neoplastic cells and the interstitium]. PMID- 1238198 TI - [The extent of the swelling of the thyroid gland and analysis of anti-thyroid autoantibody among high-school students]. PMID- 1238199 TI - [Effects of calcitonin treatment in hypercalcemia associated with malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 1238200 TI - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with a giant metastatic foci in the liver]. PMID- 1238201 TI - [Simultaneous determination of serum progesterone and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone and its clinical application]. PMID- 1238203 TI - [Determination of blood estradiol levels using an estradiol-immunoassay-kit (CIS) - its application to menopausal patients in the outpatient clinic]. PMID- 1238204 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of secretin (2)]. PMID- 1238202 TI - [Rapid direct determination of urinary aldosterone-18-glucuronide without using chromatography]. PMID- 1238205 TI - [Metabolic regulations and metabolic diseases: introduction]. PMID- 1238206 TI - [Regulations and abnormalities of nucleic acid base metabolism]. PMID- 1238207 TI - [Biosynthesis of amino sugars and its regulation]. PMID- 1238208 TI - [Changes in serum hormone levels during adolescent growth spurt (1) Changes in the HGH level]. PMID- 1238209 TI - [Changes in the C-peptide level in diabetes at glucose loading]. PMID- 1238210 TI - [Re-examination of aging and the hypophyseal-thyroid system]. PMID- 1238211 TI - [Prolactin secretion stimulated by sulpiride]. PMID- 1238212 TI - [Experimental studies of C-peptide determination in man with a radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 1238213 TI - Synthesis of the first component of complement by primary cultures of human tumors of the colon and urogenital tract and comparable normal tissue. PMID- 1238214 TI - Late streptokinase therapy in thrombotic microangiopathy: a case study. AB - A 42 year woman presented with malignant hypertension, anuria and hemolytic anemia with schistocytosis. The diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy was confirmed by early renal biopsy. Purely symptomatic treatment (peritoneal dialysis and hypotensive drugs) was supplemented by administration of heparin and Dipyridamole. Gastro-intestinal bleeding prevented early thrombolytic therapy. Microangiopathic anemia rapidly disappeared but anuria persisted. Three months later a second renal biopsy showed persistence of active lesions and absence of irreversible parenchymal damage. Streptokinase treatment was then instituted and followed by a rapid return of urinary output. Hemodialysis was stopped and renal function continued to improve over the following months. Two years later the patient remains well despite persistence of hypertension difficult to control. Creatinine clearance is stable at 20 ml/min. This observation suggests that late thrombolytic therapy may be effective in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy when histological findings do not indicate extensive irreversible lesions. PMID- 1238215 TI - Psychological aspects of treatment and rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured person. AB - The various phases of the usual or normal reaction to the experienced loss which follows a spinal cord injury include: denial, withdrawal, internalized hostility, externalized hostility, and reaction against dependence. There are also various implications of the major categories or pre-existing psychopathology as they interact with a spinal cord injury in the rehabilitation processes. The major forms of pre-existing psychopathology are: depression, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and neuroses. The psychological management of pain problems is facilitated by a phenomenological classification of pain sensations from the paralyzed portion of the body. Sexual functioning is an early concern of the patient and the rehabilitation program should consider his individual requirements. The family is an important part of the total rehabilitation program. PMID- 1238216 TI - [Primary spinal cord neoplasms--symptomatic analysis of 60 cases with special reference to the correlation between neoplastic sites and neurologic manifestations]. PMID- 1238217 TI - [Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid protein in multiple sclerosis in Japan- Mastix reaction and IgG concentration]. PMID- 1238218 TI - [Effects of incomplete ligation of the nerve on neuromuscular mechanism- appearance of myasthenic pheomenon]. PMID- 1238219 TI - [Autopsy case of basilar artery thrombosis with locked-in syndrome]. PMID- 1238220 TI - [Encephalitis induced with measles vaccine virus in hamsters--studies on the mechanism of acute and chronic infections]. PMID- 1238221 TI - [Oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease with "ragged-red" fibers (Olson)--a case study]. PMID- 1238222 TI - [Transient global amnesia--a case study]. PMID- 1238223 TI - [Anoxic encephalopathy with a long-lasting spike and wave pattern on EEG]. PMID- 1238224 TI - [Epidemiological study of motor neuron diseases in Kii Peninsula: area specificity and annual changes in a 10-year follow-up study of mortality]. PMID- 1238225 TI - [Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome associated with spinal arteriovenous malformation, a 1st case reported in Japan]. PMID- 1238226 TI - [Autopsy case of lymphatic leucosarcomatosis initiated with cerebellar tumor]. PMID- 1238227 TI - [Experimental and clinic studies on movement-associated cortical potentials. III. Abnormalities in hemiparetic patients]. PMID- 1238228 TI - Effect of phenylalanine and its metabolites on the metabolism of leucocytes and lymphocytes. AB - 1. The pathogenesis of the mental retardation in phenylketonuria remains obscure. Leucocytes have proved of value in the study of other inborn errors of metabolism. The lymphocyte is a suitable model cell for the study of mammalian metabolism, because of its ability to divide in vitro in response to various stimuli. 2. We have examined the effects of phenylalanine, phenylpyruvate, phenyl lactate and phenylacetate on the human leucocyte and the resting and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated rabbit lymphocyte. 3. Phenylpyruvate and phenyl lactate reduced acetate incorporation into leucocyte lipid by 38% and 48% respectively. Only phenyl-lactate reduced acetate incorporation into the resting and stimulated lymphocyte, by 20% and 34% respectively. 4. Glucose incorporation into leucocyte lipid was unaffected by phenylalanine, phenylpyruvate and phenyl lactate. Only phenyl-lactate inhibited (46%) the production of CO2 from glucose. 5. Phenylalanine and leucine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material of resting and stimulated lymphocytes was inhibited by phenyl-lactate (10-42%), phenylpyruvate (27-57%) and phenylacetate (19-39%). 6. Uridine incorporation into resting and stimulated cells was inhibited by phenyl-lactate (22-26%), phenylpyruvate (42-52%) and phenylacetate (20%). 7. Thymidine incorporation into resting lymphocytes was reduced by phenyl-lactate, phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate and phenylalanine by 12-26%. Incorporation into the stimulated cell was inhibited by phenylpyruvate and phenyl-lactate (90%) and phenylacetate (66%). 8. Phenylalanine inhibited lymphocyte pyruvate kinase and phenylpyruvate inhibited citrate synthetase. 9. These results are compared with published data relating to experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia and the effects of these metabolites on nervous tissue in vitro. PMID- 1238229 TI - Possible effect of intrauterine device on galactorrhea in women. PMID- 1238231 TI - Hematology of the neonatal calf. III. Frequency of congenital iron deficiency anemia. AB - The hematocrits of 258 Holstein-Friesian and Jersey calves were determined during the first 3 days following birth. Hematocrit values of 25% or less were observed in 15.8% of the calves and hematocrits of 20% or less were observed in 6.9% of calves from apparently normal dams. The serum iron concentration of neonatal calves with hematocrits of 25% or less was significantly lower than the value recorded in calves with hematocrits above 25% and there was a direct correlation between PCV and serum iron concentration. The data presented suggested that prenatal development of iron deficiency is an important cause of anemia in neonatal dairy calves. Factors which may be important in pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 1238230 TI - Salt (sodium) deficiency in dairy cattle: polyuria and polydipsia as prominent clinical features. AB - Polyuria in a herd of forty-five dairy cattle was the chief complaint in the first case. Polydipsia was the principle sign in a second case involving one dairy cow. Less conspicuous clinical findings included salt hunger, pica, weight loss and decreased milk production. Clinicopathologic investigation included monitoring the concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloiride in urine, parotid saliva and plasma. These analyses indicated a primary sodium deficiency which responded to sodium chloride ad libitum. PMID- 1238233 TI - Factors affecting the repair of sublethal freeze-thaw damage in mammalian cells. I. Suboptimal temperature and hypoxia. PMID- 1238234 TI - Regional mapping of the human No. 1 and X chromosome in interspecific cell hybrids using an X/1 translocation. AB - Fibroblasts from a carrier of an X/1 translocation, 46,XY,t(X;1)(q28;q31), were fused with Chinese hamster cells. The resulting hybrids were analyzed for human No. 1 and X-chromosome markers. The data indicate that the loci for PGM1, PGD, PPH, and GuK1 are situated either in the long arm proximal to a break point in band 1q31 or in the short arm. The loci for Pep-C, FH, and GuK1 are located distal to the break point. HPRT and G6PD are probably situated distal to a break point in band q28 of the X chromosome; alpha-Gal A is situated proximal to the break point, either on the long or short arm of the chromosome. PMID- 1238235 TI - Effect of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate on mitotic activity in bovine lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 1238232 TI - Intensive therapy for hepatic coma. AB - Of 45 patients observed in the ICU with severe acute hepatic insufficiency, 15 patients were in hepatic coma. All patients received combined treatment consisting of standard conservative methods (drug therapy) and surgical methods for temporary support of liver function (hemodialysis, exchange blood transfusion, pig liver perfusion). Intensive therapy which began during the early phase of hepatic coma enabled us to bring six patients out of the coma, four of whom completely recovered. These studies showed that of the diseases causing hepatic coma, the worst results were obtained with viral hepatitis. This may be explained both by the extensive liver damage and marked metabolic disturbances, which led to failure of other vital organs and systems. At present, the combined therapy contributes to a greater percentage of recovery of patients with hepatic failure and coma. PMID- 1238236 TI - Treadmill arrhythmias in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. AB - Treadmill tests were performed in 19 patients with previously documented idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). Arrhythmias occurred in 79 percent (15) of the patients, and new arrhythmias not previously documented occurred in over 50 percent (10) of the patients. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), ventricular premature beats (VPBs) (two or more per minute) or atrial premature beats (APBs) (three or more per minute) occurred in 10 of 19 patients. There was no association between treadmill arrhythmias and clinical symptoms, hemodynamic data, or electrocardiographic features. Propranolol administration resulted in failure of exercise to induce PSVT in one patient and had no effect on PSVT in two others, nor any effect on maximum frequency of APBs or VPBs. Treadmill testing is more productive than retrospective analysis of ECGs for characterizing arrhythmias in IHSS. PMID- 1238237 TI - Tactile stimulation and behavioral development among low-birthweight infants. AB - The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered to a group of premature infants both prior to and following a nursery program of enriched tactile stimulation. The same instrument was administered twice to a control group of prematures who received no intervening "extra" stimulation. Whereas control infants showed changes of 2 or more points on only 2 of the instrument's 26 scales, the experimental babies showed positive changes of 2 or more points on 11 scales. There were no difference in weight gain between the two groups. PMID- 1238238 TI - The resource family: helping emotionally disturbed children in residential treatment. PMID- 1238239 TI - Circular ribosomal DNA and ribosomal DNA: replication in somatic amphibian cells. AB - Pulse labelled rDNA from cultured somatic cells of Xenopus laevis was examined by electron microscope autoradiography. The pattern of replication closely resembles that of bulk chromosomal DNA and differs considerably from rDNA synthesis during amplification in the oocyte. - About 0.15% of the rDNA molecules in the purified preparations were circular. The presence of interlocked circles of equal size indicates that the circles are not in vitro cyclization artefacts, but may represent free rRNA genes. A low frequency of circles was also seen in Xenopus blood rDNA. Their stability in high concentration of formamide suggests that they too did not arise after DNA extraction. PMID- 1238241 TI - [Differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenias]. PMID- 1238240 TI - X-ray induced visible alterations in the giant chromosomes of Phryne cincta (Nematocera, Diptera): relation of radiation sensitivity to pronuclear chromosome structure. AB - In order to induce chromosomal rearrangements, males were exposed to x-rays and then mated to non-irradiated females. The number of each type of structural alteration was determined by examination of the polytene chromosomes of the F1 progeny. -- A comparison of the results with similar studies made on Drosophila revealed a significantly greater sensitivity in Phryne. Parallel to that an extremely high frequency of small inversions was ascertained in Phryne, and the observed ratio of inversions to translocations was the inverse of that which would be expected from purely mathematical considerations based on the lengths of the different chromosomes. These facts allow the conclusion that the paternal pronuclear chromosomes in Phryne are highly spiralized. Besides, the kinetochore to-translocation-breakpoint distance was measured in both of the chromosomes involved in each reciprocal translocation and the differences (kinetochore-break distance differences) were registered and from them the arrangement of the chromosomes in the pronucleus of Phryne deduced. The data obtained support the assumption of an ordered, polar-field type of orientation. In Drosophila, in contrast, the comparable data showed that the pronuclear chromosomes are not spiralized and are randomly arranged (Bauer, 1939). -- These results seem to indicate that a close correlation exists between the different radiation sensitivities of Drosophila and Phryne and the different states of spiralisation and arrangements of their chromosomes in the pronucleus stage. It is hypothesized that the influence of the maternal genome on the degree of spiralization of the paternal chromosomes could account for differences in the pronuclear chromosome structure of both species. PMID- 1238242 TI - [Therapy of thrombocytopenias]. PMID- 1238243 TI - [Letter: Acute Werlhof's disease]. PMID- 1238244 TI - [Letter: Deep freezing of food]. PMID- 1238246 TI - Syphilitic erythroblastosis foetalis. PMID- 1238245 TI - [Allergies to animal hair in diseases of the upper respiratory tract (author's transl)]. AB - Among 214 patients diagnosed in 1972 as being allergic to animal hair, 79 (48 women) were re-examined later. In almost all cases with a positive personal (33) or family history (26) of allergy there was a particularly rapid sensitization. The largest proportion of pathogenic allergens was from guinea pigs (39), cats (17), golden hamsters (11), rabbits (6), horses, dogs and budgerigars (2 each). 14 patients reacted to the main antigen alone in prick or intracutaneous tests, while in all other cases there were cross-reactions, most frequently to epithelium of sheep, cattle or horse. In interpreting intranasal provocation tests with the chief antigen, the degress of rhinorrhoea was particulary reliable (59 subjects). The most effective treatment was complete withdrawal of allergens: of 65 persons who removed their domestic pet or avoided contact with it, 32 were cured at once and a further 19 within about eight weeks. 14 subjects continued to have symptoms, but in half of these there was also house dust allergy, while others had resumed contact with domestic animals. PMID- 1238247 TI - Cholinergic control of the nocturnal prolactin surge in the pseudopregnant rat. AB - The possible involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in the control of rhythmic secretion of prolactin has been examined in the pseudopregnant rat. Baseline data were obtained in decapitated animals in which the diuranl surge was observed in the 1430--2030 h range and the nocturnal surge during the 2330-0530 h interval. Atrial cannulation permitted a faithful reproduction of the prolactin pattern seen in decapitated rats if at least 3 days elapsed between the cannulation operation and bleeding, while cardiac puncture, under light ether anesthesia, appeared to suppress the diurnal surge. This latter observation appeared to depend on the time of sampling in relation to the onset of the dark phase of the daily lighting cycle. Atropine (35 or 70 mg/100 g BW) was found to inhibit the nocturnal surge in animals bled by either the cardiac puncture or cannulation techniques --an effect which was reversed by pretreatment with eserine (50 or 100 mug/100 g BW). Nicotine (0.75 mg/100 g BW) was found to delay, but not completely to inhibit, the nocturnal surge. When evaluated in the light of other available information, these observations suggest that a complex cholinergic mechanism is involved in control of the nocturnal rhythm of prolactin in pseudopregnancy and that the two surges, diurnal and nocturnal, are differentially controlled. PMID- 1238248 TI - The differential effects of diestrous progestogen administration of proestrous gonadotrophin levels. AB - Progesterone or d-norgestrel, a totally synthetic progestogen, administered subcutaneously at 1330 h on diestrus (Day 2) of 4-day cyclic rats, inhibited ovulation and increased the vaginal cycle length in a dose-related manner. d norgestrel was at least 5 times as potent as inhibitor of ovulation as progesterone. The dose-related inhibition of ovulation was directly related to suppression of the proestrous serum LH surge. Proestrous serum FSH levels were not depressed at the minimum dose of d-norgestrel that produced both a 100% reduction in ovulation (MED100) and a significant decrease in proestrous serum LH. However, progesterone produced a significant decrease in proestrous serum FSH at its anti-ovulatory MED100. Progesterone and d-norgestrel were equipotent (100 mug/100 g BW) with respect to significant suppression of proestrous serum FSH levels. Follicular growth was retarded, but only at the higher doses of either progestogen which suppressed FSH and LH. These data suggest that a) the increase in acute anti-ovulatory potency of a synthetic non-estrogenic progestogen over progesterone lies in its ability to reduced selectively serum LH levels at low doses, b) the progestational block of ovulation takes place via the hypothalamic pituitary axis and not the ovary, and c) the retardation of follicular growth that accompanies ovulatory inhibition after diestrous administration of high doses of a progestogen takes place only when both serum FSH and LH are significantly reduced. PMID- 1238249 TI - Sequential patterns of circulating luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in female sheep from early postnatal life through the first estrous cycles. AB - Patterns of circulating LH and FSH were examined during several 6-h periods in developing female sheep from 3 weeks of age through the first estrous cycles (30- 40 weeks of age) and early pregnancy. With the onset of pulsatile LH secretion, beginning 11 weeks after birth, circulating LH increased to levels 2- to 5-fold greater than those observed in the adult. Thereafter, high and variable levels of circulating LH persisted through young adulthood when ovarian cyclicity including ovulation became manifest. Although prior to the initial estrus changes in frequency of LH release (number of LH discharges/6-h period) appeared to occur randomly from week to week, after first estrus, changes in frequency became predictable. During the early (day 1) and late (day 15) luteal phases of the first estrous cycles, when circulating progesterone was low (less than 0.6 ng/ml), the frequency of LH release was increased (5--7 discharges/6 h) while during the mid-luteal phase (day 7--12), when circulating progesterone was high (2--4 ng/ml), the frequency was diminished (0--2 discharges/6 h). Massive and sustained discharges of LH which resembled preovulatory surges were observed only shortly before first estrus. In contrast to the pulsatile release pattern of LH, concentrations of circulating FSH within the 6-h periods were relatively constant and within the range found in the adult. These findings lead to the following conclusions: a) changes in negative feedback control are not directly responsible for the onset of ovarian cyclicity in the sheep as indicated by the lack of differences in mean concentrations of circulating LH and FSH before and after first ovulation; b) the onset of the surge mode of gonadotropin secretion occurs only shortly before first ovulation; and c) progesterone may play an inhibitory role in regulating tonic LH secretion during the first estrous cycles. PMID- 1238250 TI - Localization and mechanism of stimulatory feedback action of estrogen: effect of limbic forebrain implantation of estradiol benzoate on advancement of ovulation. AB - The sites and mechanism of the ovulation-inducing action of estradiol benzoate (EB) were studied by brain implantation of the crystalline steroid through chronically implanted outer cannula at 12:00 on diestrus day 2 in the 5-day cyclic rat. EB implantation in the medial amygdala or the bed nucleus of stria terminalis advanced cyclic changes in vaginal smears, timing of ovulatory LH release, and ovulation by 1 day, resulting in 4-day cycle. When implants in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis were placed for a shorter period of time on diestrus day 2, from 12:00 to 20:00, advancement of these parameters were similarly observed. Serum concentration of FSH and that of prolactin were significantly elevated at 20:00 on the same day in the rats implanted with EB in the medial amygdala or the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, compared with those in the non-treated controls. LH was not affected. The implantation in the arcuate nucleus was also effective to advance ovulation, but the anterior deafferentation prevented the effect. In contrast, EB implantation in the medial septal nucleus, the medial preoptic area, or the medial basal prechiasmatic area was consistently ineffective to advance vaginal cycle and ovulation. Multiunit activity in the arcuate nucleus showed an afternoon elevation on the day of implantation in these areas and as well on the day following, while it did not show such elevation on the day of implantation in the medial preoptic area. It is concluded that EB acts on the medial amygdala and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis in the mid diestrus in 5-day cycle to stimulate FSH and prolactin release without affecting LH, which changes trigger a chain of reproductive events inducing early release of ovarian steroid responsible for early ovulatory gonadotropin release. The arcuate nucleus in one of the sites of stimulatory action of estrogen, but it requires the neural influence presumably from the medial amygdala and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis via the preoptic area for stimulating the ovulatory hormone release. EB exposure is considered to be endowed with the increase of its responsibility to this neural influence. PMID- 1238251 TI - Poisonous red tide organisms. PMID- 1238252 TI - Mechanism of action of a new toxin from gonyaulax tamarensis on nerve membranes. AB - The toxin from the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis blocks nervous conduction through a selective inhibition of the mechanism whereby the membrane undergoes an increase in permeability to sodium ions. The effect is exerted only from outside of the nerve membrane. These effects are exactly the same as those exerted by tetrodotoxin or saxitoxin. PMID- 1238253 TI - Lack of secondary intoxification by red tide poison in the American lobster Homarus americanus. AB - Lobsters are able to feed on shellfish which are toxic with PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning from Gonyaulax tamarensis) with no apparent harm to themselves, and no measurable assimilation of the poison into their tissues. Lobsters consumed food containing in excess of 1000 mug PSP. There was no impairment of respiration (oxygen consumption) measurable two to three hours after feeding, and no PSP measured in the meat of the claws and tail 48 to 120 hours after feeding. The only PSP was in the guts and contents which were measured 48 hours after feeding began. PMID- 1238254 TI - Effect of gymnodinium breve toxin(s) on frog skin and the giant axon of the squid. PMID- 1238255 TI - Absorption of radioactive lead (210Pb) by different parts of the intestine in young and adult rats. AB - Absorption of radioactive lead (210Pb) was studied in an intestinal preparation from adult and young rats. Absorption was higher in the jejunal parts than in the duodenum or colon. Moreover, absorption in young rats was greater than in adults. No difference in absorption was found after loading with large amounts of lead. Maintaining the animals on a low calcium diet decreased rather than increased lead absorption. PMID- 1238256 TI - Research on psycholinguistic training critique and guidelines. PMID- 1238257 TI - Effects of the carcinogen urethane on nuclear RNA polymerase activities. PMID- 1238258 TI - [Latent infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in mice after peroral inoculation and its provocation by cortisone (author's transl)]. AB - Latent infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in mice and its provocation by cortisone were studied with a rifampicin-resistant strain of the organism. Mice having been infected perorally began to excrete the organisms in feces within 6 hours, and most of them were found to be carrying the organisms in the intestine, especially in the cecum even 90 days after infection. In such state of latency, however, no organisms were detected in other main organs, and neither visible lesions nor serum agglutinin was detectable. The latent infection with excretion of the organisms in feces after peroral infection was shown to become overt and fatal by cortisone treatment made even 90 days after infection. In infected mice excreting no organisms in feces and having bites on their skin, the wounds became severe ulcers after cortisone treatment resulting in septicemia. PMID- 1238259 TI - [Genetic relationship of two mutant genes which producing three different syndromes in the mouse (author's transl)]. AB - We determined that leaner gene (la) is located in the linkage group XVIII and closely linked to Es-1, which is known to be located closely to tottering gene (tg). Double heterozygote (la/tg) produced by mating between la heterozygote and tg heterozygote showed an intermediate syndrome between those seen in tottering (tg/tg) and leaner (la/la) mice. Both leaner and tottering mice showed neuromuscular disorders, but their clinical and pathological characteristics were different. Leaner mice were found to represent a so-called cerebellar mutant having the reduced size of cerebellum and severe cytoarchitectonic abnormalities with focal losses of Purkinje and granular layer cells. Tottering was, however, another mutation having epileptiform seizures, and it was characterized pathologically by cellular losses and shrinkage as well as vesiculations of cytoplasmic membranous structures in the cerebellum. The double heterozygote was shown to have both pathologic characteristics seen in each homozygote, and also showed shrinkage of Purkinje cells and vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These clinical and pathological findings supported the genetic data suggesting that la and tg constitute an allele. PMID- 1238260 TI - [Sterilization of diets and drinking water in the autoclave in the Laboratory Animal Center, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College (author's transl)]. AB - Efficiency of sterilization was shown to vary according to the type of autoclave, and this would be taken into consideration for preparing sterilized diet and water for laboratory animals. It seems necessary to sterilize diet and water for 60 and 150 minutes, respectively, at 120 degrees C using the autoclave in the Laboratory Animal Center of the Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical Collge. PMID- 1238261 TI - [A few characteristics of mouse having high sensibility to anaphylatic shock separated from El mouse (author's transl)]. AB - During an experiment of shaking in El mice, a strain which was less susceptible to convulsion was found out. In this strain (ASK), the mortality to anaphylactic shock and susceptibility to audiogenic seizure were compared with five other strains of mice. Six strains of mice (ASK, EL, IDT, JCC-ICR, dd, C57BL/6J) were sensitized by two subcutaneous injections with 2 mg/head of crystalline egg albumin at five and six weeks of age, and then challenged by the intravenous injection of 0.125, 1, 8, 64, 512 and 4096 mug/head at seven weeks of age. In both sexes of ASK strain, the mortality was the maximum (75--95%) after the challenge of 8--4096 mug egg albumin. The mortality of the female El and IDT and the both sexes of JCL-ICR strains was middle (55--70%) after the challenge with 64 mug egg albumin, while that of other strains (dd and C57BL/6J) was very low (0 -20%). The susceptibility of 3-weeks-old mice of ASK, El, IDT, JCL-ICR and dd strains was low (1.9--19.0%), whereas mice of DBA/2 strain showed a very high susceptibility (80%) to 110 phons. PMID- 1238262 TI - A heritable hyperlipemic rabbit. AB - In the course of study on serous cholesterol of rabbit, we found a male mutant with remarkably high cholesterol level (HLR). The characteristics of this mutant could be described as follows: (1) Serous chemical determinations for the mutant's serum revealed extremely high levels of total lipids, and beta lipoprotein as total cholesterol, being 3011 mg/dl, 10.6 units and 447 mg/dl respectively. High cholesterol level continued these two years during observation, though some fluctuation has been observed. (2) Such hypercholesterolemia was heritable. Determinative gene for hypercholesterolemia seemed to be recessive and not sex-linked, because, while F1 generation did not show so high cholesterolemia, one female rabbit among twelve off-springs born by full-sib mating showed persisting hypercholesterolemia similar to original HLR. (3) HLR may serve as a model of human familial hyperlipemia Type II or III according to the classification by Fredrickson et al. PMID- 1238263 TI - Macrophage cytolytic factor. Some observations on its physicochemical properties and site of action. PMID- 1238264 TI - Parametric analysis of volume distributions of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and other cells. PMID- 1238265 TI - The effect of triisopropyl phosphate on the mobility of surface concanavalin A receptors and on the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 1238266 TI - Role of cell interactions in development and differentiation of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Changes in the activity of some enzymes of DNA biosynthesis after cell dissociation. PMID- 1238267 TI - The role of membranes in the ogranization of the mitotic apparatus. PMID- 1238268 TI - Internalization of neuronal plasma membrane ricin receptors into the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 1238269 TI - The inhibitory effect of rifamycin-SV on macrophage mediated erythrocyte lysis. PMID- 1238270 TI - Distinct lectin activities from six species of cellular slime molds. PMID- 1238272 TI - Concanavalin A mediated attachment and ingestion of red blood cells by macrophages. PMID- 1238271 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of aggregating embryonic neural retina cells. PMID- 1238273 TI - An increase of calcium/manganese binding sites in cell ghosts associated with the acquisition of aggregative competence in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 1238274 TI - Localization of adenylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum. II. Cytochemical studies on whole cells and isolated plasma membrane vesicles. PMID- 1238275 TI - Reparir of UV damage to DNA of implantation-stage mouse embryos in vitro. PMID- 1238276 TI - Nucleic acid synthesis in the normal and lobeless embryo of Ilyanassa obsoleta. PMID- 1238277 TI - Identification of chick thymidine kinase determinant in somatic cell hybrids of chick erythrocytes and thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells. PMID- 1238278 TI - The control of mitosis in Physarum polycephalum. The effect of lowering the DNA: mass ratio by UV irradiation. PMID- 1238279 TI - Locomotion of epithelial cells. Factors involved in extension of the leading edge. PMID- 1238280 TI - Ortho-phenanthroline inhibition of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. PMID- 1238281 TI - Restriction of receptor mobility and the agglutination of cells by concanavalin A. PMID- 1238282 TI - Surface properties of plasma membranes following ionizing radiation exposure. PMID- 1238283 TI - Ultrastructural location of albumin and fibrinogen in primary cultures of new born rat liver tissue. PMID- 1238284 TI - Nuclear RNA in sea urchin embryos. I. Some characteristics of ribonucleoprotein complexes. PMID- 1238285 TI - Nuclear RNA in sea urchin embryos. II. Absence of "cRNA". PMID- 1238286 TI - Correlation of cell division and specific protein production during the course of lymphoid cell differentiation. PMID- 1238287 TI - Thymidine uptake by developing sea urchin embryos. PMID- 1238288 TI - Pineal transplants to the anterior chamber of the eye: evidence for functional reinnervation. PMID- 1238289 TI - [Effects of creatinol O-phosphate on the isolated rabbit's atrium and on the rat's phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation]. AB - Creatinol O-phosphate (COP) enhanced the semiisometric contraction of isolated rabbit's atria and those of rat's phrenic - diaphragm preparations immersed in hypocalcic Ringer or Krebs solution. Creatine-phosphate elicited a similar effect. PMID- 1238291 TI - The affinity of retinol and its analogues for retinol-binding protein. PMID- 1238290 TI - Comparison of nervous-tissue lipid fatty acid patterns of various animal species with particular reference to docosahexaenoic acid. PMID- 1238292 TI - Changes in the phospholipid composition of sheep reticulocytes on maturation. PMID- 1238293 TI - [The influence of smelling substance (feromon) on sexual behavior of immature sows]. PMID- 1238294 TI - [Traumatic intrauterine adhesion and placenta accreta (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238295 TI - [Studies on the implantation of ova and the pregnancy in the unilaterally ovariectomized mice. III. Reproductive life span (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238296 TI - [Successful case studies of pregnancy in our clinic of infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238297 TI - The fertilization of pig follicular oocytes in vitro with capacitated spermatozoa. PMID- 1238298 TI - Clinical observation on nocturnal body temperature. I. A comparison of nocturnal and early morning body temperatures in 17 women who recently gave birth to a full term infant. PMID- 1238299 TI - [Pregnancy following HCG therapy after clomiphene-induced ovulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238300 TI - [Experimental alloimmune ovulatory disorder in the rat. Effect of alloimmunization with ovarian tissues on the cyclic function of the ovary (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238301 TI - [Studies on traumatic intrauterine adhesions - a report of 14 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238302 TI - Effects of differences in mitotic activity, stage of cell cycle, and degree of specialization of donor cells on nuclear transplantation in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 1238303 TI - Fiberoptic-coupled argon laser in the control of experimentally produced gastric bleeding. PMID- 1238304 TI - The response of chick embryos to exogenous parathyroid hormone. PMID- 1238305 TI - Parasexual genetic analysis of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum A3. AB - Haploid strain A3 of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is valuable for biochemical studies because it is capable of axenic growth. Mutants of A3 temperature-sensitive for growth and resistant to the drugs cycloheximide, acriflavin, or methanol were isolated.--Heterozygous diploid recombinants, formed at low frequency by cell and nuclear fusion, were isolated by selecting temperature-resistant progeny of mixed cultures of two nonallelic temperature sensitive haploids (LOOMIS 1969). Each drug-resistant mutation was found to be recessive. Two independently isolated methanol-resistant mutants were in one complementation group.--Diploids of A3 heterozygous for drug resistance formed drug-resistant segregants with a frequency of approximately 10(-4). Segregants selected for resistance to a single drug were either haploid or diploid; the fraction which was haploid varied from 0.11 to 0.86, depending on the selected marker. Segregants selected for resistance to two or three drugs were almost all haploid.--Using this parasexual cycle of diploid formation and haploidization, linkage of these temperature-sensitive and drug-resistance mutations to each other and to mutations studied by KATZ and SUSSMAN (1972) and by WILLIAMS, KESSIN and Newell (1974b) was analyzed. The methanol-resistant mutants were found to be partially resistant to acriflavin, and unlinked to the mutant selected for acriflavin resistance, which was methanol-sensitive. Of the expected seven linkage groups in D. discoideum, five, and a possible sixth, have been marked.- Linkage analysis of a mutant abnormal in morphogenesis showed that its phenotype results from two unlinked chromosomal mutations. PMID- 1238306 TI - PHS's challenge--to guarantee equity in health services yet not disable the institutions it affects. PMID- 1238307 TI - Applying research and training to improve life for the aged. PMID- 1238308 TI - The black aged as good neighbors: an experiment in volunteer service. PMID- 1238309 TI - [Course of pregnancy, labor and puerperium following abdominal surgery performed in the course of pregnancy]. PMID- 1238310 TI - [Treatment of male sterility with clomiphene citrate. Obstetrical analysis of results]. PMID- 1238311 TI - Mast cells and immunoglobulin E in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The numbers of mast cells and of IgE-containing immunocytes in the bowel wall of patients suffering from Crohn's disease of ulcerative colitis have been estimated and the results compared with those found in normal control specimens. In ulcerative colitis there is a slight rise in the number of mast cells and it appears that these participate in the inflammatory process in a non-specific manner; the number of IgE-containing immunocytes is not significantly altered. In Crohn's disease there is an almost total absence of stainable mast cells in affected areas of the bowel, together with a marked decrease in IgE-containing immunocytes. It is suggested that these findings are due to degranulation of mast cells and consumption of IgE as a result of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the bowel wall, this being one component of the protein inflammatory and immunological response to the entry of a variety of antigenic material. PMID- 1238313 TI - Radioiodination of L 1210 cells. AB - The lymphoid leukaemia L 1210 cells of mice were labelled with 125I. The cell homogenates were fractionated and from the microsomal fraction 90 per cent of the radioactive material could be precipitated with perchloric acid, whereas only 4 per cent was precipitated from the soluble fraction. Papain bound with Enzacryl AH released 31 per cent of radioactivity. It was concluded therefrom that the surface proteins of the cells were labelled. Electrophoretic separation of these proteins in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulphate was performed and 6- 8 radioactive fractions of surface peptides were found. PMID- 1238312 TI - Colonic pseudo-obstruction: a new complication of jejunoileal bypass. AB - Five female patients ranging in age from 25 to 44 years are reported in whom jejunoileal bypass (three end-to-side and two end-to end), performed for morbid obesity, was complicated 1 1/2 to three years later by symptoms of colonic pseudo obstruction. In each size, the colon was markedly elongated, dilated, and atonic but with no demonstrate organic obstruction. The cause of this complication is not known. Full thickness rectal biopsy in one case showed normal intrinsic nervous plexuses and ganglia. Serum electrolytes were normal. Functional and defunctionalized small bowel were not involved. Symptoms varied from complete colonic paralysis to incapacitating crampy abdominal pain and distention. In the three patients with end-to-side bypass, dilatation affected the entire colon, while, in the two patients with end-to-end bypass, the dilatation was localized to colon distal to the anastomosis with the defunctionalized small bowel. Resection of the affected portion of colon in one case resulted in recurrence distal to the new site of drainage of defunctioned bowel. Treatment with anti anaerobe antibiotics in two cases produced dramatic but temporary relief of symptoms. PMID- 1238314 TI - The role of polecats of the genus Putorius Cuvier, 1817 in natural foci of adiaspiromycosis. AB - Adiaspiromycosis provoked by the fungus Emmonsia crescens was diagnosed in two different species of polecats. In total, 76.2% of steppe polecats (Putorius eversmanni) and 35.6% of dark polecats (P. putorius) were infected. The infection was not demonstrated at all in ferrets (P. furo) reared as fur animals. The differences found in the extent and intensity of infection in the two species of wild polecats are explained by different ecological requirements of these related carnivores. The habitat of the exoanthropic P. eversmanni offers more opportunity for a contact with the pathoergont than that of P. putorius; the latter may occasionally pass over to a pronouncedly hemisynanthropic way of life. The synanthropy of the hosts probably has a negative influence on the life cycle of the fungus. Although the inhalation of aleuriospores is the main route of infection, the ingestion of adiaspores also plays an important role. From this aspect are also evaluated the trophic relationships between mustelid carnivores and small rodents: the predatory species gets into contact with the adiasporic phase of the pathoergont localized in the lungs of wild rodents. The extremely high extent and intensity of infection by the elements of E. crescens in polecats probably results from the cumulation of both routes of infection. PMID- 1238315 TI - [Effect of alfalfa meal on experimental hyperlipidemia]. AB - The influence of alfalfa meal on hyperlipidemia induced by dietary cholesterol was examined and changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in rabbits were recorded. Serum lipid levels of groups treated with alfalfa meal (R-1) as well as those not treated (R-2) were found to be elevated. TC of R-1 was lower than that of R-2. The inhibition effect of alfalfa meal on elevation of TC was apparent to a certain extent. The inhibition effect of alfalfa meal on elevation of TG and NEFA was greater than that of TC, thus it is suggested that alfalfa meal can be successfully utilized for experiments with lipids, when the rabbit is the experimental animal of choice. Effect of riboflavine-2,3,4,5-tetranicotinate (RN-4) on changes of TC, TG and NEFA in rats fed 1% cholesterol diet was also examined. RN-4 was mixed in the diet (0.5, 0.25 and 0.125%). TG levels in groups treated with RN-4 (Rt-2, Rt-3 and Rt-4) were lower than previously observed. PMID- 1238316 TI - [Morphine dependence and preference. (I). Morphine preference in naive and morphine-experienced rats]. AB - The spontnaeous morphine intake ratio (M-SIR) under free access to morphine admixed food and quinine-admixed food conditions was measured for 3 weeks in naive and morphine-experienced rats. In the case of morphine (0.5 mg/g of food) vs. quinine (0.5 mg/g of food), naive rats gradually increased M-SIR from 17% to 77%. Using a higher level of morphine- and quinine-admixed food (1 mg/g vs. 1 mg/g of food), M-SIR was more rapidly increased than that in the lower group. Thus while on the 10 approximately 60 mg/kg/day dose range, the M-SIR was gradually increased dose dependently in naive rats due mainly to the positive reinforcing properties of morphine. Morphine-experienced rats showed a significant increase in M-SIR for the first 4 days specifically as compared with naive rats. Morphine dependent rats thus obtained morphine in sufficient amounts to maintain dependent states only after the first 2 approximately 3 days. This choice behavior revealed the psychological aspects of morphine dependence in rats and the preference for morphine was also observed after withdrawal for more than 2 weeks as secondary abstinence syndrome. PMID- 1238317 TI - [Characteristics of aggressive behavior induced by chronic administration of theophylline in rats]. AB - In previous studies we reported that chronic administration of theophylline induced affective aggressive behavior in rats. The present study was designed to clarify characteristics of the aggressive behavior observed, and compare it with that in the olfactory bulbectomized and isolated rats. To measure aggressive behavior, the reflexive fighting test, the test for killing response to various objects and the aggressiveness rating test were used, and in addition, the open field test was employed to objectively measure emotionality. It was only the theophyllinized rats that assumed the fighting position not only during the electric shock period but also during the adaptation and sound shock periods. The theophyllinized pairs fought quicker and more frequently than did the other treated pairs. During a 3 min observation the percentage of mouse-killers was much higher among the theophyllinized group (62.5%) than among the other treated groups (the olfactory bulbectomized and the isolated groups increased mouse killing to 87.8% and 62.5%, respectively, though the theophyllinized group remained at 62.5%. The theophyllinized killers attacked constantly rat-pups and dead as well as live mice. In the open field test, rearing and ambulatory activities increased more in the olfactory bulbectomized group and decreased more in the isolated group than in controls, but no change was observed in the theophyllinized group. Defecation which has a negative correlation with aggressiveness decreased more only in the theophyllinized group than in the controls. Prior to treatment there was a positive correlation between the frequency of ambulation and that of rearing (r = 0.535, n=32, p less than 0.01). PMID- 1238318 TI - [Effect of carbon tetrachloride on biliary excretion of 3,4-benzpyrene in rats]. AB - 14C-labelled 3,4-benzpyrene (14C-BP) in dose of 100 mug/animal was injected into female Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane anesthesia. The rats were cannulated at the duct and the output of metabolites in the bile was determined. Non-treated rats excreted 35.5% of the given dose within one hr. The main metabolites excreted in bile were fractionated chromatographically into three. One of these was a metabolite which was hydrolyzed by beta-glucuronidase, the other two were unknown substances. Unchanged BP was not detected. In rats pretreated with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, p.o.) 24 hr before experiment, the biliary excretion of BP metabolites was found to be reduced, that is only 10% of the given dose was excreted within one hr. It was noted that the output within the first 90 min after injection of BP was significantly reduced. In the CCl4-treated rats, bile flow was found to be lowered. However, the reduced output of BP-metabolites was considered not as the result of lowered bile flow, but as the result of disturbance of BP-metabolism in the liver. Thus it is suggested that impaired hepatic junction as the result of CCl4 intoxication may last for more than two weeks, when the hepatic junction is evaluated in terms of biliary excretion of BP. PMID- 1238319 TI - [Pharmacological analysis on the mode of action of mandelamidine, a long-acting hypotensive agent (1). Comparison with guanethidine]. AB - MA produced a temporary and long lasting hypotension in anesthetized animals. MA like guanethindine caused relaxation of the nictitating membrane in unanesthetized cats and inhibited the contraction of the nictitating membrane elicited by electrical stimulation at various frequencies of preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve in anesthetized cats. The mode of neuron blocking action of MA differed from guanethidine on the contraction of the nictitating membrane elicited by stimulation at high frequencies. Neuron blocking action of MA was also shown on rat inferior eyelid, dog carotid occlusion, rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig vas deferens. Moreover that of MA like guanethidine on the cat nictitating membrane was reversed by a following administration of methamphetamine. MA slightly potentiated the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine and reduced the effects of tyramine on the responses of the cat nictitating membrane and blood pressure, but did not potentiate the effects of norepinephrine on the guinea-pig vas deferens and rabbit pulmonary artery. MA produced a contraction of the cat nictitating membrane and this contraction was inhibited by pretreatment with reserpine or phentolamine. However, MA did not produce a rise in blood pressure in spinal cats nor did it reduce the contractile force and heart rate in guinea-pig atria. These findings suggest that sympathomimetic action and uptake inhibition of the catecholamine of MA was weaker than that of guanethidine. PMID- 1238320 TI - [Phamacological studies on bamboo grass (1). Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities of water-soluble fraction(Folin) extracted from Sasa albomarginata Makino et Shibata]. AB - Folin showed no significant toxic effects in mice. The tail pressure test in mice revealed a potent analgesic effect with a hypothermic effect in rats. A significant decrease was also seen in rat dextran or carrageenin edema. There were no inhibitory effects on the formation of granulation tissue in rats. In addition, Folin administration revealed a tendency to a decrease in pylorus ligated ulcer of the rat by inhibiting the gastric secretion. Some protective effects from aspirin or caffeine-induced gastric ulcers of the pylorus-ligated rats were also obtained in this fraction. PMID- 1238321 TI - [Effects of penfluridol, a psychotropic agent, on operant behavior of rats]. AB - Effects of penfluridol, a diphenylbutylpiperidine type psychotropic agent, on operant behavior were investigated and compared with those of chlorpromazine and haloperidol in rats trained on the following 5 schedules. Fixed ratio (FR 30) of food reinforcement and differential water reinforcement of low rate (DRL 20 sec) schedules were used for positively reinforced behaviors. Continuous (Sidman-type) and discriminated avoidance schedules were used for negatively reinforced behaviors. Conditioned suppression of response (CER) under FR 30 developed by stimulus presentation with electric shock was also applied. When 1 mg/kg of penfluridol was given orally, no change was observed in respondings of all the performances. At higher doses (2 approximately 8 mg/kg, p.o.), the respondings were inhibited in proportion to the dosage except in DRL performance, in which only correct response rate decreased at 8 mg/kg. These inhibitory effects were observed more apparently in the negatively reinforced behaviors than in the positively reinforced ones. Furthermore, a clear dose-effect relationship was obtained in the former. CER was not all attenuated by 2 approximately 8 mg/kg of penfluridol, thus a diazepam-like effect was not confirmed. These behavioral effects suggested that penfluridol has neuroleptic properties similar to those observed with chlorpromazine or haloperidol. However, in general, the inhibitory effects reached the maximum level approximately at 16 hr and lasted for 2 approximately 3 days after oral administration of the drug. Intensity of the effect of penfluridol was estimated to be about 1/8 approximately 1/10 that of haloperidol, according to the results obtained in the avoidance performances. PMID- 1238322 TI - [Application of group psychology of animals into pharmacological studies. 12. Specificities of actions of psychotropic drugs on emotional and exploratory behaviors of a single mouse or groups of 2 or 3 animals]. AB - The exploratory movement recorder of Tokyo University of Education type was utilized to assess the exploratory motor activity of groups of 1, 2 and 3 mice of the dd-strain. As the animals were observed during 15 min periods to move spontaneously, psychotropic drugs were administered and the specific actions of these agents were determined. Each drug was given i.p. in a dose which proved non effective in a single mouse. Observations were as follows: The ratio of exploratory motor activity of each pair of mice as compared to a single mouse was not always different from that of control animals. When a 3rd mouse was added to the pair, the motor activity either increased or decreased considerably. The rate of increase in motor activity was calculated 45 min after caffeine, pentetrazol, ephedrine and DL-amphetamine and was found to be less than in the control animals. After administration of chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, imipramine, chlorpromaxine or mescaline, the rate of increase in motor activity was considerably greater than in the controls. With dimorphoramine or hexobarbital, the rate was much the same as control. After beta-oxy gamma-aminobutyric acid, the rate was slightly increased and with diphenhydramine the rate was slightly less than control. Thus the exploratory motor activity of 3 mice as compared to that of 2, decreased considerably after administration of psychotropic stimulants, while after psychotropic depressants, an even greater increase was observed. We have already reported on the mutual relation of mice in fighting episodes and E1-mice convulsions. Those relations were, however, responses elicited by the physical stimulation. In contrast, the mutual relation in this paper is more of a natural nature. In view of observations in this paper, it is considered that CNS stimulants increase the mutual, emotional, checking behavior in groups of 3 animals while CNS depressants decrease the checking behavior. Such behavior is one example of the emotional conduct when a 3rd party is added to a 2 member group. PMID- 1238323 TI - [Analysis of the mode of action of ifenprodil on cerebral and peripheral circulation in dogs]. AB - Pharmacological properties of ifenprodil, a vasodilating agent similar in chemical structure to isoxsuprine were investigated. In anesthetized dogs and cats, ifenprodil (0.3 approximately 1 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a temporary prominent depressor response with an increment in heart rate and an occasional enlargement of pulse pressure followed by a mildly durable hypotension. These two phases of hypotension of ifenprodil could not be demonstrated in spinal rats and cats. Ifenprodil also decreased the pressor response of norepinephrine and reversed the pressor effect of epinephrine to a depressor one. The lowering effect of ifenprodil on the constant-rate perfused pressure of vertebral artery in dogs was half as potent as isoxsuprine. Ifenprodil significantly reduced the contraction to norepinephrine in the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens. This was greater than the constrictor response produced by preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation. The inhibitory effect of ifenprodil was less potent than that of phentolamine on the responses to norepinephrine in isolated rabbit ascending aorta strips. In the isolated guinea-pig right atrium, ifenprodil (10(-5) g/ml) showed slightly negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, and reduced the responses to isoproterenol. It is suggested that the two phases of lowering effects of ifenprodil on the constant-rate perfusion pressure of either vertebral or femoral artery in dogs are due to a possible neurogenic and an alpha-adrenolytic action, but the precise mechanism is not clear. Ifenprodil like isoxsuprine has a weak beta-sympathetic effect. PMID- 1238324 TI - [Effects of adrenergic agents on secretion of salivary kallikrein in the submandibular gland of the dog]. AB - The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and administrations of sympathomimetics on the secretion of salivary kallikrein induced by stimulation of Chorda tympani were examined quantitatively and qualitatively in the dog submandibular gland. Both sympathetic stimulation and administrations of sympathomimetics such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol caused increased secretion of salivary kallikrein. Among these effects, those of the sympathetic stimulation, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were not completely abolished by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine or propranolol, but the effect of isoproterenol was abolished by pretreatment with propranolol, and was hardly influenced by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. From these results, it would appear that secretion of salivary kallikrein may be mediated through adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptors. On the other hand, in contrast with the activities of the salivary kallikrein secreted by Chorda tympani stimulation or administration of isoproterenol which were not inhibited by SBTI, the activities of the salivary kallikrein secreted by sympathetic stimulation as well as administration of norepinephrine or epinephrine were markedly inhibited by SBTI. From these results, it is concluded that secretion of glandular kallikrein is due either to Chorda tympani stimulation or is mediated through adrenergic beta-receptor, while secretion of plasma kallikrein is mediated through adrenergic alpha-receptor. PMID- 1238325 TI - [Effects of nialamide on brain monoamine consumption and liver glycogen content in rats chronically treated with insulin]. AB - Male rats weighing about 50 g were fed a normal-balanced diet for 100 days during which time i.p. injections of saline solution (2 ml/kg) or insulin (4 IU/kg) and/or nialamide (30 mg/kg) were given every two days. The animals were sacrificed 16 hr after the last injection and the brains and livers were extracted for the measurement of tyramine consumption and liver glycogen deposition. It was found that the decrease of glycogen deposition and tyramine consumption induced by nialamide was inhibited by a simultaneous administration of insulin. PMID- 1238326 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effects of ketoprofen - with special reference to inhibition of leukocyte migration]. AB - It was observed that ketoprofen inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by US-PF and in vitro leukocyte migration. The suppressive effect of ketoprofen on increased vascular permeability induced by US-PF was found to be the same as that of indomethacin. The effect of ketoprofen on the in vitro chemotaxis of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils was found to be the same as that of oxyphenbutazone and less than indomethacin. If the side effects of this drug are proven to be mild or not serious, and effective results are seen in clinical trials, ketoprofen may then be classified as a potent non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent wifh analgesic actions in dysergic inflammation. PMID- 1238327 TI - [Pharmacological analysis of the mode of action of mandelamidine with sustained antihypertensive effect. (II). Mechanism of transient hypotensive action of mandelamidine]. AB - The mode of a transient hypotensive action of dl-Mandelamidine (MA) was studied in both anesthetized and unanesthetized animals. In the blood pressure of unanesthetized rats, a transient hypotensive action of MA (1 approximately 30 mg/kg i.v.) like papaverine (1 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v.) was much less predominant than in rats anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg s.c.). The transient hypotensive action of MA (10 mg/kg i.v.) in rats anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg s.c.) was not reduced when MA was injected continuously. Moreover C6 (5 mg/kg i.v.), propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.), diphenhydramine (10 mg/kg i.v.) and atropine (2 mg/kg i.v.) did not block this transient hypotensive action. MA blocked the pressor action of epinephrine (3 mug/kg i.v.) in three minutes, but then potentiated it. MA (10 mug/kg i.a. approximately 1 mg/kg i.a.) caused a temporary vasodilation on the perfused leg artery and vertebral artery in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg i.v.). In the perfused leg artery, atropine (2 mg/kg i.v.) and propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) did not block the vasodilation of MA, and MA showed no marked blocking effect of the vasoconstriction of norepinephrine (0.2 mug/kg i.a.). In the dog heart-lung preparation and the guinea-pig heart, MA showed inhibiting effects. On the contraction of the cat nictitating membrane elicited by the stimulation of the postganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve, the blocking action of MA (1 mug/kg i.a. approximately 1 mg/kg i.a.) was much less predominant than that of phentolamine (10 mug/kg i.a.). In the rabbit descending aorta, MA (3 X 10(-4) g/ml) antagonized non-competitively the contraction elicited by norepinephrine. These findings suggest that a transient hypotensive action of MA depends upon the inhibiting effects on the cardiovascular system, and the adrenergic alpha blocking effect of MA may be very weak. PMID- 1238328 TI - [Anti-inflammatory action of 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid (flubiprofen]. AB - 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid (flurbipofen, FP-70), a newly synthesized anti-inflammatory agent, was examined for its effects and then compared with the actions of other standard drugs. Inhibition of capillary permeability in mice: the activity of FP-70 was 7.8 times as potent as ibuprofen (IP), 61 times that of acetylsalicylic acid (AS), 5.7 times that of indomethacin (IM) and 25 times that of phenylbutazone (PB). Inhibition of carrageenin-induced edema in rat paw: the activity of FP-70 was 52 times as potent as IP, 250 times that of potent as AS, 14 times that of potent as IM and 110 times that of potent as PB. Inhibition of heat-induced coagulation of BSA: the activity of FP-70 showed the marked effects much the same as IP. In adrenalectomized rat, FP-70 was also effective. Inhibition of the ultra-violet erythema in guinea-pigs, the activity of FP-70 was 26 times as potent as IP, 790 times that of AS, 25 times that of IM and 68 times that of PB. Regarding the inhibition of CMC induced pouch in rats, the potency of FP-70 was to the same degree as that of predonisolone. In adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, FP-70 reduced and cured inflammatory syndromes and activity was the same or more effective than that of IM. From these results, FP-70 appears to be a most potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. PMID- 1238330 TI - [Effects of 2-(4-benzyl-piperidino)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol (ifenprodil) on the cardiovascular system in vivo]. AB - Effects of ifenprodil (2-(4-benzyl-piperidino)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol) tartrate on the cardiovascular system were studied in mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and with alpha-chloralose and in rabbits. Ifenprodil (12.5 to 5,000 mug/kg i.v.) lowered systemic blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in association with increased heart rate and augmented myocardial contractile force in dogs. Fall in blood pressure and tachycardia caused by ifenprodil were inhibited by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg). The pressor responses to adrenaline and bilateral carotid occlusion were moderately reduced by pretreatment with ifenprodil (5 mg/kg), while the response to noradrenaline was attenuated only slightly. Ifenprodil (less than 1 mg/kg i.v.) decreased the total peripheral resistance and resistances of common carotid, internal carotid, vertebral, coronary, superior mesenteric, renal and femoral vascular beds in dogs. Ifenprodil increased the vertebral and femoral blood flow consistently (93.6 and 174.0%, respectively) but decreased the renal blood flow. Intra-arterial injection of ifenprodil (0.01 to 5 mug/kg) produced a dose dependent increase in blood flow of vascular beds tested. The femoral and vertebral arterial blood flows were in particular consistently increased. Increases in the vertebral and femoral blood flows following i.v. and i.a. injections of ifenprodil were only slightly attenuated by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. Intravenous injections of ifenprodil (12.5 to 5,000 mug/kg) produced tachycardia in conscious rabbits but caused bradycardia after pretreatment with reserpine. From these results it was revealed that ifenprodil causes a fall in systemic blood pressure and an increase in the blood flow particularly in vertebral and femoral vasculatures following the vasodilating action directly on vascular smooth muscle. Blocking action of alpha-adrenoceptors in vessels was also demonstrated. PMID- 1238329 TI - [Phamacolofical studies of ifenprodil]. AB - Pharmacological effects of ifenprodil (IP), 4-benzyl-alpha-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-beta methyl-1-piperidineethanol-L-(+)-tartrate monohydrate (Funai Pharmaceutical), a potential vasodilator, were studied in the dog, rabbit, guinea-pig and mouse. 1) Intravenous administration of IP (0.1 approximately 1 mg/kg) exhibited a continuous fall in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate and an increase in cardiac contractile force in the dog. The depressor and chronotropic effects of IP appeared likewise in the pithed dog, and the depressor responses were slightly more evident in the rabbit. The cardiovascular responses to IP were not affected by pretreatment with atropine or diphenhydramine, however, the chronotropic and inotropic effects were completely removed and the depressor response was depressed to some extent by propranolol. On the contrary, a pressor response to adrenaline was reversed to a depressor one after IP in the dog. 2) In heart-lung preparation of dogs, IP brought about slight cardiac stimulating effects, such as an increase in contractile force and a rise in aortic pressure. 3) IP induced a transient slight excitation in in situ movements of the rabbit intestine, and a similar excitation followed with a inhibition in movements of isolated intestine (10(-6), 2.5 X 10(-5) g/ml. This slight excitation was not affected by pretreatment with atropine, whereas the inhibition was depressed to a certain degree by simultaneous pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. IP produced a slight tonic increase in the guinea-pig isolated intestine and inhibited markedly the excitatory effect of histamine in the intestine. 4) IP did not affect the bronchial muscle but inhibited prominently a contractile respose of the muscle to histamine in in situ experiments on guinea-pig. 5) Locomotor activity was reduced dose-dependently and thiopental hypnosis was potentiated similarly after subcutaneous administration of IP (5 approximately 40 mg/kg), while skeletal muscle relaxant effects were not observed. 6) Survival time under a condition of acute anoxia was not changed with a dose of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, but shortened with a dose of 5 mg/kg. The results suggest that IP has a alpha blocking, a beta-stimulating and a moderate antihistaminic effects, and shows some cardiovascular effects, such as continuous depressor and chronotropic effects, and a moderate central inhibition. PMID- 1238331 TI - [Fluorohistochmical studies on localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons in the rat brain following administration of thiopental sodium]. AB - The localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the rat brain was studied by the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp. A model experiment and tissue experiment were used to measure the characteristics of wave length of 5-HT fluorophor and we decided 420 mmu for excitation maxima and 520 mmu for emission maxima. The 5-HT neurons both in frontal and sagittal sections of the brain from reserpine-nialamide-treated rats were observed fluorohistochemically. The brain was divided into 5 portions; medulla oblonga, pons, midbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon. In frontal sections, from B1 to B8 cell groups were localized in raphe nuclei, in the region of 200 mu width on both sides from the central plane, excluding most of B2 cells and cells of B9 group which were situated on both side apart from the central plane. Microphotographs taken from about 34 areas of a sagittal section were composed to determine the interrelationship between B cell groups of 5-HT neurons. The frontal sections untreated with reserpine-nialamide showed a faint fluorescence of 5-HT neurons, however, after the administration of thiopental sodium 80 mg/kg i.p. the fluorescence of 5-HT neurons was increased in intensity and the observable cells were increased in number, especially in the B7 cell group. The yellow fluorescence of 5-HT nerve terminals in nuc suprachiasmaticus in the sagittal section was increased in intensity and varicosities of the terminals were readily observed. These results verified the increase of 5-HT in 5-HT neurons after the administration of thiopental and suggest that the 5-HT neuron may play a role in the mechanism of the central action of a thiopental. PMID- 1238332 TI - Progesterone transformations as a biochemical feature of species of the genus Scopulariopsis. PMID- 1238333 TI - [Cesarean section. 5-year study of results at a medium size department for obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - A report about the results of caesarean section from 1970-1974 is given. The rate of caesarean section was 4,2%. The list of indication is divided into vital indication, preventive indication before onset, at onset and in the first stage of labor. The morbidity was 5%, mortality 11%. The perinatal mortality was 4,4%. It is emphasized that caesarean section is still the most dangerous method of delivery. PMID- 1238334 TI - [Selective kidney angiography. Indispensable diagnostic method in urogenital tuberculosis]. AB - Selective angiography of the kidneys was performed in 119 patients with urogenital tuberculosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriological and/or histological examinations. Diagnostic value. Under optimal technical conditions changes of the small renal arteries even in the parenchymal stage I of renal tuberculosis can be seen. These cannot be diagnosed with other methods. In stage II and III the degree of destruction and the localisation of the specific process can be demonstrated more efficiently by angiography than by urogram. In stage III/3 (kidney without function) the differential diagnosis between tuberculosis and the late form of polycystic renal disease is possible. Therefore the selective renal angiography ought to be performed more frequently for intensive diagnosis and also to reach a definite diagnosis before surgical procedures. Special surgical planning is more precise and knowledge of vascular anatomy reduces the operative risk. PMID- 1238335 TI - [Studies on tissue cultures from calf eyes]. AB - The growth of lens epithelium and iris tissue was studied by biomicroscopy and electronmicroscopy, its velocity measured. With the Warburg-method it was possible to show the oxygen-uptake of both tissues without and after addition of different substances. Pilocarpine lowered the O2-uptake of the epithelia to less than 1/3 of its normal value, whilst it raised that of the iris to the double amount. Napthochinone inhibited the O2-uptake of both tissues to little more than half of the normal level. The least differences as compared to the controls showed methyl-prednisolone: it lowered scarcely the O2-uptake of the epithelium, and the O2-uptake of the iris to almost half the normal rate. The author concludes that cataract developes, if oxygen-uptake of lens epithelium and iris tissue are reduced in the same way without any possibility of compensation. Under certain conditions this cell-biological method may be employed to detect cataractogenous substances. PMID- 1238336 TI - [Biological time in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 1238337 TI - [Prevention and therapy of changes in temporomandibular joints in children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1238338 TI - [Confirmation of delayed hypersensitivity to DNA in NZB mice and in NZB/Swiss F 1 hybrids]. PMID- 1238339 TI - [Incidence of iodine in the atmosphere of balneological establishments]. PMID- 1238340 TI - [Thermodiagnostic study on vasodilator effects of Neopeviton]. PMID- 1238341 TI - [Functional tests during spa treatment. IV. 2-stage functional test using Kriz method]. PMID- 1238342 TI - [Adaptation to cold (14). General concept of cold adaptation]. PMID- 1238343 TI - [Analysis of body fluids for the diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 1238344 TI - [On the toxicity of CT-1341 evoked by long-term administration. III. Subacute toxicity of alphadolone acetate and solvent contained in CT-1341 (author's transl)]. AB - Subacute toxicity of solvent adjuvant, alphadolone acetate and solvent, 20 per cent Cremophor solution contained in CT-1341 was studied by using rats of both sexes. Alphadolone acetate and Cremophor solution were intraperitoneally injected every day for a period of one month. Total rats tolerated to daily administration of 60 mg/kg of alphadolone acetate or of 20 ml/kg of 20 per cent Cremophor solution, without showing significant changes in body weight curves and food intake. No change was observed in blood cells and in biochemical data of blood and urine as compared with control. Rats subjected to daily administration of 60 mg/kg of alphadolone acetate presented slight patho-histological changes such as swelling of cells of the liver and kidneys, and also cell infiltration of pericapillary tissues of the lung. PMID- 1238346 TI - [Refractory diseases: hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 1238345 TI - [Physiological adaptability to cold in man]. PMID- 1238347 TI - [Emergencies in pediatrics]. PMID- 1238348 TI - [Emergencies in internal medicine]. PMID- 1238349 TI - [Emergencies in the field of surgery]. PMID- 1238350 TI - [Emergency programs covering evenings and holidays in Sapporo City, with special reference to the role of the night emergency center]. PMID- 1238351 TI - [Effect of acute cold exposure on blood composition in rats treated with 6 Hydroxydopamine (author's transl)]. AB - Rats injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the lateral ventricle showed greater elevation in plasma FFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate and significant decrease in blood sugar and lactate following acute cold exposure at -10 degrees C for 2 hours. Changes in the blood composition induced by the cold exposure in rats treated with 6-OHDA intravenously were not different from those observed in control rats. Adrenomedullectomized rats treated with 6-OHDA responded to the cold exposure with rather marked elevation in plasma FFA and beta hydroxybutyrate. These results were discussed from the view-point of compensatory changes in metabolic regulation in the absence of norepinephrine. PMID- 1238352 TI - [Effects of thinner fibers on spinal neurones in the cat (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of the present experiment is to investigate the effects of thinner nerve fibers on spinal nerve cells by using differential blocking method of thicker nerve fibers. 1. As to the differential blocking of a thicker alpha motor fibers of gastrocnemius nerve by applying trapezoid wave current, significant correlation was obtained between the decreasing amplitude of alpha-volleys and the increasing latency of the volley. In single fiber analysis, the relation between the strength of the blocking current and conduction velocity was summarized on 30 alpha and 41 gamma fibers. The blocking current of each single fiber was shown to be inversely proportional to 2.01 power of conduction velocity (correlation coefficient -- 0.71)... PMID- 1238353 TI - [Diurnal variations and the effect of cold exposure on the tissue histamine content in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Diurnal variations and the effect of cold exposure on histamine content in the liver, pinna and interscapular brown adipose tissue were investigated in the rat. A significant circadian rhythm of the histamine content was observed in the pinna and liver. In these tissues the content showed the peak at 5:00 a.m. and was maintained at low levels during the daytime. No significant variation was seen in the histamine content of brown adipose tissue. Acute cold exposure at -10 degrees C for 60 min caused an increase in the histamine content of the liver, while in the other two tissues the content was not affected by the cold exposure. Chronic cold exposure at 5 degrees C for 2 weeks caused a marked increase in the histamine content in brown adipose tissue and a moderate increase in the liver, while the content decreased in the pinna. PMID- 1238354 TI - [Current interest focused on cholesterol cholelithiasis]. PMID- 1238355 TI - [Dopamine-beta-hydroxylast and the function of the nervous system]. PMID- 1238356 TI - [Drug interference and results of clinical tests]. PMID- 1238357 TI - Stresses associated with ICUS affect patients, families, staff. PMID- 1238358 TI - A percutaneous wire electrode for chronic research use. PMID- 1238359 TI - Effect of osmotic pressure on neurogenesis in cultures of chich embryo spinal cords. AB - The osmotic pressure of the medium in stoppered, roller tube cultures increased by an average of 17 +/- 6 mOsM per kg of water during 3 days of incubation at 37 degrees C irrespective of the initial osmolality (280 to 340 mOsM) of the medium. The increase was apparently due to evaporation of water from the medium into the gas phase of the roller tube. This observation led us to study the effect of osmotic pressure on neuronal differentiation in cultures of chick embryo spinal cords. Spinal cords were excised from stage 16 to 19 (2.5 to 3 days of incubation) or stage 36 (10 days) chick embryos and cultured as fragments on collagen-coated cover slips in roller tubes at 37 degrees C for 21 days. The medium was adjusted to 283 +/- 3,300 +/- 3,323 +/- 3, or 342 +/- 3 mOsM per kg with saturated choline chloride solution or distilled water. The results indicate that the nature of the neuronal differentiation in vitro was not altered by the osmolality of the medium. The proportion of cultures containing neurons was influenced by osmolality. In the 300 +/- 3 mOsM medium, 75% of all the stage 36 cultures initiated contained neurons, and 52% of all the stage 16 to 19 cultures initiated contained neurons. In the other media the proportion of neuron containing cultures was lower. Two conclusions were drawn. Neurogenesis in cultures of embryonic chick spinal cord fragments is sensitive to an increase in the initial osmotic pressure of the medium as small as 20 mOsM above the optimal 300 mOsM. As a result of the 17 mOsM increase which always occurred in the culture medium between feedings, the optimum osmolality for neuronal development is in fact a range, from 300 to 317 mOsM. PMID- 1238361 TI - Improved methods for reducing calcium and magnesium concentrations in tissue culture medium: application to studies of lymphoblast proliferation in vitro. AB - We have compared several methods for reducing calcium and magnesium concentrations in tissue culture medium, with the objective of producing selective deficiency effects on the growth of mouse (L5178Y) and human (P1R) lymphoblasts. In experiments in which calcium- and magnesium- "free" McCoy's medium was supplemented with 15% horse or fetal calf serum, enough calcium and magnesium was provided by serum to support normal lymphoblast growth rate. Either dialysis or chelating-resin treatment of horse or fetal calf serum reduced calcium and magnesium contents approximately 100-fold. Use of dialyzed sera resulted in reduced growth rate, although in most cases the reduction in growth could be attributed to other effects of dialysis on serum, inasmuch as growth in those experiments was not restored to normal by the addition of calcium and magnesium to the medium. In contrast, the reduction of lymphoblast growth rate that occurred when resin-treated serum was used was always attributable to removal of calcium and magnesium, as normal growth always occurred in cultures to which calcium and magnesium were added. To demostrate a growth-inhibiting effect on either mouse or human lymphoblasts by severe reduction of either calcium or magnesium in the presence of normal amounts of the alternative cation, it was necessary to (a) expose McCoy's Ca-Mg-"free" medium to chelating-resin to reduce further the residual cation concentrations; (b) wash cells from stock cultures in a medium devoid of calcium and magnesium prior to inoculation into experimental cultures; (c) reduce the proportion of serum in the final medium from 15 to 5%; and (d) add 100 muM EGTA to cultures. Under these conditions, growth of both cell types was completely abolished in the presence of normal magnesium but in the absence of added calcium, and markedly reduced in the presence of normal calcium but in the absence of magnesium. These modifications did not compromise growth in cultures containing normal concentrations of both ions. PMID- 1238360 TI - Incorporation of labeled glucosamine into glycoproteins by organ cultures of hamster trachea: adverse effects of HEPES buffer. AB - Hamster tracheas were cultured in serum-free CMRL 1066 medium buffered with either NaHCO3 alone or HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulphonic acid) plus NaHCO3 in an atmosphere of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Afther 2 days in culture, tracheas maintained in HEPES plus NaHCO3-buffered medium showed an altered surface morphology. Histiological examination after 6 days of culture with HEPES plus NaHCO3 showed the presence of only scattered clumps of cilia. Incorporation of [14C]-glucosamine into intracellular glycoproteins was reduced by 75% and into secreted glycoproteins by 54% in cultures buffered with HEPES plus NaHCO3, compared to NaHCO3-buffered cultures. Incorporation of [H]fucose into intracellular glycoproteins was also reduced, although no effect was observed on secreted glycoproteins. PMID- 1238362 TI - Solvent perturbation spectroscopy of an antibody combining site. PMID- 1238363 TI - Fluorescence quenching of adriamycin by specific antibodies. PMID- 1238364 TI - Modification of bacteriophage with hapten-epsilon-aminocaproyl-N hydroxysuccinimide esters; increased sensitivity for immunoassay. PMID- 1238365 TI - Immunoassay by light scattering spectroscopy. PMID- 1238366 TI - The capacity of bifunctional antigens to bridge antibody molecules and to mediate cell cooperation. PMID- 1238367 TI - Local and systemic immune responses following oral immunization of foetal lambs. AB - Foetal lambs were immunized orally 6-15 days before birth by introducing horse spleen ferritin into the amniotic fluid. Immunized and non-immunized lambs were killed at birth, usually before they had suckled, blood and intestinal contents were collected and single cell suspensions were prepared from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum. Specific antibody was detected in serum and intestinal contents of all immunized lambs which had not suckled. Specific antibody was usually not detected in samples from non-immunized lambs. In immunized lambs antibody activity in serum was associated with IgM and in intestinal contents with IgA and IgM. In agreement with these findings, the levels of IgM and IgA in serum and intestinal contents of immunized lambs were relatively high. Generally, immunoglobulins were not detected in samples from non-immunized lambs. Relatively high proportions of cells secreting specific antibody were present in the tissues of immunized but not non-immunized lambs. In the spleen most of the cells were secreting IgM antibody, in mesenteris lymph nodes IgM cells predominated and small numbers of IgA cells were detected, and in the jejunum approximately equal numbers of IgA and IgM cells were secreting specific antibody. PMID- 1238368 TI - Some biochemical alterations in sheep pox infected lamb testicular cells. PMID- 1238369 TI - Biological activities of endotoxins detoxified by alkylation. AB - It has been previously observed that lipopolysaccharides can be detoxified by alkylation and yet retain their adjuvant activity. Our present findings confirm these results and show, moreover, that these derivatives did not lose their capacity to protect mice against lethal irradiation and lost only partially their ability to interrupt pregnancy or to induce blast transformation of murine B lymphocytes. However, in contrast with lipopolysaccharides, these alkylated preparations did not enhance the nonspecific resistance of mice to a bacterial infection. The various bilogical functions of endotoxins can therefore be separated and are not uniformly related to their toxicity. PMID- 1238370 TI - Comparative infectivity of trachoma organisms in HeLa 229 cells and egg cultures. AB - Thirty-two trachoma strains were simultaneously titrated in the yolk sac of embryonated chicken eggs and in HeLa 229 cells pretreated with diethylaminoethyl dextran to determine the relative sensitivity of the two culture systems for detection of the infection. The strains tested were both yolk sac- and HeLa cell established isolates from the eye and the genital tract. The study showed that the cell culture was of equal or greater sensitivity than yolk sac culture and that ocular and genital isolates differ in their ability to propagate in egg and cell culture: genital strains grow better in cell culture than in eggs and ocular strains grow only slightly better in cell culture. PMID- 1238371 TI - Clinical, electrophysiological, quantitative, histologic and ultrastructural studies of the index branch of the radial cutaneous nerve in leprosy. I. Preliminary report. AB - The index branch of the radial cutaneous nerve has been demonstrated as a constant nerve which can readily biopsied under local anesthesia and yields a nerve which is of suitable size for quantitative and qualitative studies both by light and electron microscopy. It supplies a limited but constant area where the sensory loss does not disturb the patient. Definite ultrastructural changes have been demonstrated in the clinically normal nerves of leprosy patients. These nerves have also revealed a loss in the small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, which correlated with the common clinical findings of the absence of sweating and dissociated sensory loss in this disease. Gross damage has been encountered in nerves which showed only early signs of clinical damage even with refined methods of sensory testing. These nerves would have passed as normal on routine testing by No. 5 nylon. Regeneration of small fibers was noted following loss of large size fibers. Nerve conduction velocity may be a useful tool in early diagnosis. PMID- 1238372 TI - Leprosy of the larynx. AB - Five instances of lepromatous leprosy involving lesions of the larynx were encountered among a series of 280 laryngeal lesions. These are briefly described as involving the epiglottis in all cases, vocal cords in two, and extension into the pyriform fossa in one instance. PMID- 1238373 TI - Amyloidosis in leprosy. AB - Histopathologic studies were performed on systemic amyloidosis of leprosy patients in two Japanese leprosaria. Amyloid deposits were observed in 23 of 50 cases (46%) autopsied from 1955 to 1959 (Group A), and in 17 of 110 cases (15.4%) from 1962 to 1971 (Group B). These incidences are higher than those of the pre chemotherapeutic period in Japan. The average age of amyloidal cases was significantly lower than that of nonamyloidal cases in both groups. There was no predilection for either type of leprosy in Group B. Pyelonephritis was frequently observed in both groups; the incidence of amyloidosis in Group B correlated with pyelonephritis. Amyloid deposits may be related to renal disorders associated with lepra reactions or inflammatory lesions. Amyloidosis has been classified into primary and secondary type, but the criteria seem uncertain. We referred to a classification based on immunologic finginds. In the severely affected lesion of the kidney of one case, we observed foci of foreign body type giant cells, suggesting a possibility of resorptive process in human renal amyloidosis. PMID- 1238374 TI - Immuno-epidemiology of leprosy. PMID- 1238375 TI - Selective reduction and alkylation of the COOH-terminal disulfide bridge in bovine growth hormone. AB - Conditions leading to the cleavage of both disulfide bridges in human growth hormone caused the reduction of only one disulfide bond in bovine growth hormone. Partially reduced and alkylated derivatives of bovine growth hormone were prepared and characterized. It was shown that the reduction and alkylation modified the COOH-terminal disulfide bond, however, this modification does not result in the dissociation of the dimeric form of bovine growth hormone or cause a significant loss of growth-promoting activity. PMID- 1238376 TI - Spinal cord stimulation versus detrusor stimulation. A comparative study in six "acute" dogs. AB - Spinal cord stimulation and direct bladder stimulation were evaluated in an "acute" comparative study of six dogs. Both means were effective in inducing strong detrusor contraction and rise in intravesical pressure. Spinal cord stimulation, however, induced greater rise in outflow resistance than did direct bladder stimulation. Effective net intravesical pressure was higher with direct stimulation and thus more successful in achieving bladder emptying. PMID- 1238377 TI - Biophysical comparisons of calicivirus serotypes isolated from pinnipeds. AB - Biophysical properties of three new San Miquel sea lion virus isolates from pinnipeds were examined and compared with those of previously characterized serotypes. The caliciviruses showed an identical sedimentation rate of 183S in 5 20% sucrose. Buoyant densities in CsCl were in the range of 1.35-1.39 g/ml, with differences among the serotypes. PMID- 1238378 TI - The treatment of sexual problems. PMID- 1238380 TI - Thicknesses of the deposits of plutonium and radium at bone surfaces in the beagle. PMID- 1238379 TI - [First results of parenteral treatment of male fertility disorders using kallikrein: oligozoospermia]. AB - 57 andrological patients with oligozoospermia were treated with kallikrein--a kinin-liberating proteinase--over a period of 7 weeks. The statistical analysis of the different semen parameters showed that during parenteral application of 3 X 40 KU Kallikrein per week a significant increase of the sperm motility (total motility and progressive motility) occurred. Improvement of sperm motility did exist during the observation period up to 3 months after withdrawl of the therapy. 2, 3 and 5 months after beginning of the treatment a significant increase of the sperm count was found. A significant increase of the total sperm output was observed 3 and 5 months after initiation of the medication. Finally, the percentage of normal shaped spermatozoa was increased 2 and 5 months after beginning the kallikrein application. The conception rate was 28%. PMID- 1238381 TI - [Abnormalities syndrome in trisomy 9p]. PMID- 1238382 TI - Dairy goat herd health problems. PMID- 1238383 TI - Effect of methionine on cephalosporin C and penicillin N production by a mutant of Cephalosporium acremonium. AB - A mutant with enhanced potential to utilize sulfate for cephalosporin C production was isolated from a strain of Cephalosporium acremonium. The mutant displayed potency levels more than twofold that of the parent in the presence of sulfate but its productivity was severely inhibited by more than 0.5% of methionine which gave high cephalosporin C production with the parent. In a complex medium norleucine stimulated cephalosporin C production by the mutant in the presence of sulfate, whereas it showed no effect on the parent. In an incubation system with sulfur-starved cells of the mutant, L-methionine, but not the D-isomer, gave lower cephalosporin C production and a delayed production of penicillin N. However, it exhibited a stimulatory effect in the presence of valine or alpha-aminoadipic acid, the constituent amino acids of the antibiotic. Norleucine showed a similar effect to that of L-methionine in the presence of sulfate. On the basis of these results, characteristics of the mutant are discussed in connection with the effect of methionine. PMID- 1238384 TI - Stimulation of cephalosporin production by methionine peptides in a mutant blocked in reverse transsulfuration. AB - The previously reported inability of methionine to stimulate cephalosporin C production in a cysteine auxotroph is due to cysteine interference with methionine uptake. In such a cse, "illicit transport" of alanylmethionine can be used to demonstrate the efficacy of methionine in such mutants blocked in the path from methionine to cysteine. This result supports the hypothesis that the stimulatory activity of methionine is not due to its ability to donate sulfur to the caphalosporin C molecule. PMID- 1238385 TI - Stimulation of follicular activity and estrous behavior in anestrous mares with light and temperature. PMID- 1238386 TI - Improvement of sperm transport by the administration of estradiol to estrous ewes. PMID- 1238387 TI - Effects of estradiol-17beta and progesterone on prostaglandins F in sheep uteri and uterine venous plasma. PMID- 1238388 TI - The isolation and characterization of strains of lipolytic bacteria from the ovine rumen. PMID- 1238389 TI - Studies of different sampling methods for the determination of bacterial counts from frozen broilers. PMID- 1238390 TI - Effects of poorly metabolized hydrocarbons on substrate oxidation by Cladosporium resinae. PMID- 1238391 TI - Coagulase and heat-resistant nuclease producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from animals. PMID- 1238392 TI - Evidence for a sex hormone in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A dialyzable sex hormone is produced by one strain of Dictyostelium discoideum (NC-4) that induces macrocyst formation (sexual stage) in its opposite mating type (V-12). PMID- 1238393 TI - Human anaphylatoxin (C3a) from the third component of complement. Primary structure. AB - C3a anaphylatoxin is derived from the third component (C3) of the blood complement system. Selective proteolysis of C3 by activated proenzymes indigenous to blood generates the C3a fragment. Human C3a was isolated from inulin-activated serum containing 6-aminohexanoic acid, according to recently published procedures (Hugli, T. E., Vallota, E., and Muller-Eberhard, H. J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1472-1498). The human C3a fragment is a highly cationic molecule exhibiting an approximate molecular weight of 9000 and composed of 77 amino acid residues. It consists of a single polypeptide chain containing 8% cysteine and lacks both tryptophan and carbohydrate. A tentative primary structure for the human C3a molecule, deduced from overlapping peptides obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage, tryptic and chymotryptic digestion, is: See article. Two cystelhylcysteine sequences were established at positions 22, 23 and 56, 57 in human C3a. The 6 half-cystine residues in C3a are all interconnected through three disulfide linkages intersecting in a disulfide knot. The functionally amino acid residues distributed among 14 residues at the COOH-terminal end of C3a. This unusually cationic COOH-terminal region of C3a is presumed to play an important role in the interaction of this protein molecule with cellular receptors. A comparison between the linear sequence of human C3a and the NH2-terminal sequences of light and heavy chains of human immunoglobulin indicates that limited identity exists. PMID- 1238394 TI - Human prothrombin activation. AB - Human prothrombin has been purified from American Red Cross Factor IX concentrates. Studies of the activation of the human prothrombin with the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic analysis of activation products indicated that human prothrombin activation is similar to bovine prothrombin activation. Molecular weight analysis of human prothrombin and intermediated by sodium dodecyl sulfate co-electrophoresis with bovine prothrombin and its intermediates resulted in molecular weights of 70,000 for prothrombin, 51,000 for intermediate 1, 41,000 for intermediate 2, 23,000 for intermediate 3, and 13,000 for intermediate 4. Amino acid compositions of human prothrombin and intermediates are similar to those for bovine prothrombin and intermediates. NH2-terminal sequence studies of human prothrombin, intermediates, and alpha-thrombin A and B chains placed the intermediates in the parent human prothrombin molecule as described for the bovine system. Intermediate 3 is the NH2-terminal of prothrombin, and intermediate 1 is the COOH-terminal segment of the zymogen. Intermediate 4 is the NH2-terminal of intermediate 1. Intermediate 2', the immediate precursor of alpha-thrombin, is the COOH-terminal segment of intermediate 1. In general, a high degree of homology in the primary structure of prothrombin and intermediates was observed between the human and bovine system. The NH2-terminal sequences of human intermediate 2' and alpha-thrombin A chain are identical. However, human intermediate 2' isolated in a manner identical with that used for the isolation of bovine intermediate 2 is homologous with bovine intermediate 2, beginning with residue 14. PMID- 1238395 TI - Mass spectrometric study of the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to (22R)-22 hydroxycholesterol, (20R,22R)-20,22-dihydroxycholesterol, and pregnenolone, and of (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol to the lgycol and pregnenolone in bovine adrenocortical preparations. Mode of oxygen incorporation. AB - Incubation of cholesterol with a bovine adrenocortical mitochondrial acetone dried powder preparation yielded (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol (I), (20R,22R)-20,22 dihydroxycholesterol(II), and pregnenolone (III) which were conclusively identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Incubations with [4 14C]cholesterol yielded I, II, and III with specific activities (determined from partial mass-spectral scans) not significantly different from those of the used substrate or the cholesterol reisolated after the incubation, demonstrating that the isolated compounds arose mostly, if not entirely, from the substrate cholesterol. Incubations in an 18O-enriched atmosphere yielded I, II, and III with 18O at position C-22, C-20 and C-22, and C-20, respectively, providing evidence that the hydroxyl groups of the side chain of I and II and the C-20 oxygen atom of III originated from molecular oxygen. The distribution of the oxygen atoms in II after incubation with 18O2 and 16O2 (devoid of 16O18O) proved that the hydroxyl groups of the side chain of II were introduced from two different molecules of oxygen, consistent with a sequential hydroxylation of cholesterol. No (20S)-20-hydroxycholesterol was found. Incubation of I in an 18O enriched atmosphere afforded II and III with 18O at C-20. PMID- 1238396 TI - Effects by heme, insulin, and serum albumin on heme and protein synthesis in chick embryo liver cells cultured in a chemically defined medium, and a spectrofluorometric assay for porphyrin composition. AB - Primary chick embryo liver cells, which had been previously cultured in Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, had the same characteristics (inducibility of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase and synthesis of plasma proteins) when cultured in a completely defined Ham F-12 medium containing insulin. Insulin was active in the physiological range; 2 to 3 nM were sufficient to increase the induced delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase to 50% of the maximum effect obtained with a saturating amount of insulin (30 nM). Serum albumin added to the Ham-insulin medium caused protoporphyrin but not uroporphyrin, generated in the cultured liver cells, to be transferred to the medium. As little as 10 mug of human serum albumin per ml caused the transfer of one-half of the protoporphyrin. Bovine serum albumin was only about 1/30 as effective. A spectrofluorometric method and calculation procedure are described for quantitation, in the nanomolar range, of total porphyrin and the percentage of this that is protoporphyrin or uroporphyrin plus coproporphyrin. The method is satisfactory for the measurement of porphyrins generated by 1 mg wet weight of cells in culture in 20 hours. Heme (0.1 to 0.3 muM), when added to the medium as hemin, human hemoglobin, or chicken hemoglobin, specifically inhibited the induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase by one-half. This high sensitivity for heme was observed under conditions in which the defined medium was free of serum and where a chelator of iron was added to the medium to diminish the synthesis of endogenous heme. Heme endogenously generated from exogenous delta-aminolevulinic acid also inhibited the induction; chelators of iron prevented this inhibition. The migration of heme from the mitochondria to other portions of the cell is discussed in terms of the affinities of different proteins for heme. A hypothesis of a steady state of liver heme metabolism, controlled by the concentration of "free" heme, is presented. The different effects of heme on the synthesis of a number of proteins are summarized. PMID- 1238397 TI - A requirement for reversible binding between aggregating embryonic cells before stable adhesion. AB - Chick embryonic liver and neural retina cells aggregate in a two-step process. Initially, cells formed a loose association in a step that apparently did not require metabolic energy. Cells bound in this manner were dissociable by mild shear forces or by simple dilution. The results of the dilution experiments suggest a readily reversible binding of single cells to form these types of aggregates. In a second step, which required metabolic energy, the cells became firmly, or stably attached. The formation of both types of bond was temperature dependent. Kinetic studies indicated that the formation of reversible bonds between cells was required before the cells could become stably attached, and that reversibly bound cells were converted directly into stably bound cells. PMID- 1238399 TI - [A new device for facilitating chain cystography]. PMID- 1238398 TI - Amino acid transport by aggregates of cultured chicken heart cells. Effect of insulin. AB - Single heart cells dissociated from 14-day-old chicken embryos were reagregated into spheroidal clusters on a gyratory shaker and centrifuged to form cohesive discs of approximately 400 aggregates. These cultured cells accumulated 2-amino[1 14C]isobutyric acid against a gradient. When incubated for 3 hours in a protein free, buffered, balanced salt solution, concentrative transport decreased to a stable basal level. Incubation in the presence of sodium bovine insulin prevented this fall in transport activity and resulted in increased 2-aminoisobutyric acid uptake to concentrations 40 time sthat in the medium during a subsequent 3-hour transport assay. Intracellular accumulation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid was linear during the initial 15 min of transport in the presence and absence of added insulin. Basal transport of 2-aminoisobutyric acid was temperature-dependent, requied extracellular sodium greater than 125 meg/liter, and demonstrated saturation with an apparent Vmax of 3.4 mmol/liter/10 min and an apparent Km of 2.6 mM. Basal transport activity was not reduced by cycloheximide or puromycin even after 3 hours of exposure... PMID- 1238400 TI - Long term results of 212 xenograft valve replacements. PMID- 1238401 TI - Scanning microscopy of dissociated tissue cells. AB - A method is described for studying by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) all the surfaces of fully differentiated cells from intact tissues. Thus, cell faces normally hidden from view are exposed and made available for SEM examination. This is achieved by fixing the tissue in OSO4 and then soaking it in a 1% solution (in water) of boric acid. After different periods of time, varied according to particular tissue, slight mechanical pressure will cause the fixed tissue to dissociate into its component cells. These are then made to adhere to a substrate and are taken through critical point drying, etc., for examination. Observations are reported on the topography of whole hepatocytes, adsorptive cells of the intestinal epithelium, proximal tubule cells of the rat kidney, mammary tumor cells of the mouse, and rat sarcoma cells. Several other tissues are reported to dissociate when similarly treated, but for each the procedure must be slightly modified. PMID- 1238402 TI - Differential effect of hormones on macromolecular synthesis and mitosis in chick embryo cells. AB - Exposure of serum-deprived confluent monolayers of chick embryo cells to fresh serum results in maximal stimulation of synthesis of RNA and protein followed by increased DNA synthesis and mitosis. The addition of insulin to quiescent cultures effects a similar acceleration of synthesis of RNA and protein, but little stimulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis is evident. However, the simultaneous addition of insulin and hydrocortisone to resting cells causes a significant increase in the rate of DNA synthesis although the level reached is considerably lower than that obtained with serum and still no mitosis occurs. Unexpectedly, insulin plus hydrocortisone prevents maximal synthesis of RNA and protein in contrast to insulin-treated cultures. Nuclear autoradiography and percent mitosis of cells incubated with various regulatory factors indicate that cell heterogeneity exists and is reflected in the metabolic responses of subpopulations to specific regulatory signals. PMID- 1238403 TI - Microtubular origin of mitotic spindle form birefringence. Demonstration of the applicability of Wiener's equation. AB - Meiosis I metaphase spindles were isolated from oocytes of the sea-star Pisaster ochraceus by a method that produced no detectable net loss in spindle birefringence. Some of the spindles were fixed immediately and embedded and sectioned for electron microscopy. Others were laminated between gelatine pellicles in a perfusion chamber, then fixed and sequentially and reversibly imbibed with a series of media of increasing refractive indices. Electron microscopy showed little else besides microtubules in the isolates, and no other component present could account for the observed form birefringence. An Ambronn plot of the birefringent retardation measured during imbibition was a good least squares fit to a computer generated theoretical curve based on the Bragg-Pippard rederivation of the Wiener curve for form birefringence. The data were best fit by the curve for rodlet index (n1) = 1.512, rodlet volume fraction (f) = 0.0206, and coefficient of intrinsic birefringence = 4.7 X 10(-5). The value obtained for n1 is unequivocal and is virtually as good as the refractometer determinations of imbibing medium index on which it is based. The optically interactive volume of the microtubule subunit, calculated from our electron microscope determination of spindle microtubule distribution (106/mum2), 13 protofilaments per microtubules, an 8 nm repeat distance and our best value for f, is compatible with known subunit dimensions as determined by other means. We also report curves fitted to the results of Ambronn imbibition of Bouin's-fixed Lytechinus spindles and to the Noll and Weber muscle imbibition data. PMID- 1238404 TI - Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. III. Cell wall lysis and microfilament-associated mating structure activation in wild-type and mutant strains. AB - Cell fusion between mating type plus (mt+) and minus (mt-) gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is analyzed structurally and subjected to experimental manipulation. Cell wall lysis, a necessary prelude to fusion, is shown to require flagellar agglutination between competent gametes; glutaraldehyde-fixed gametes ("corpses") of one mating type will elicit both agglutination and cell wall lysis in the opposite mating type, whereas nonagglutinating impotent (imp) mutant strains are without effect. The fusion process is mediated by a narrow fertilization tubule which extends from the mt+ gamete and establishes contact with the mt- gamete. Formation of the tubule requires the "activation" of a specialized mating structure associated with the ml+ cell membrane; activation causes microfilaments to polymerize from the mating structure into the growing fertilization tubule. Mating structure activation is shown to depend on gametic flagellar agglutination; isoagglutination mediated by the lectin concanavalin A has no effect. Gametes carrying the imp-l mt+ mutation are able to agglutinate but not fuse with mt- cells; the imp-l gametes are shown to have structurally defective mating structures that do not generate microfilaments in response to gametic agglutination. PMID- 1238405 TI - Temperature dependence of anaphase chromosome velocity and microtubule depolymerization. AB - The time course of chromosome movement and decay of half-spindle birefringence retardation in anaphase have been precisely determined in the endosperm cell of a plant Tilia americana and in the egg of an animal Asterias forbesi. For each species, the anaphase retardation decay rate constant and chromosome velocity are similar exponential functions of temperature. Over the temperature range at which these cells can complete anaphase, chromosome velocity and retardation rate constant yield a positive linear relationship when plotted against each other. At the higher temperatures where the chromosomes move faster, the spindle retardation decays faster, even though the absolute spindle retardation is greater. Chromosome velocity thus parallels the anaphase spindle retardation decay rate, or rate of spindle microtubule depolymerization, rather than absolute spindle retardation, or the amount of microtubules in the spindle. These observations suggest that a common mechanism exists for mitosis in plant and animal cells. The rate of anaphase chromosome movement is associated with an apparent first-order process of spindle fiber disassembly. This process irreversibly prevents spindle fiber subunits from participating in the polymerization equilibrium and removes microtubular subunits from chromosomal spindle fibers. PMID- 1238406 TI - Influence of Concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and soybean agglutinin on the fusion of myoblasts in vitro. AB - Although muscle cell fusion was shown to be an energy-requiring process, release of myoblasts from an EGTA fusion block could be accomplished with Earle's balanced salt solution (containing 1.8 mM Ca++) free of glucose or any other energy-produced metabolite. The effect of concanavalin A, abrin, and the lectins from wheat germ, soybean, and Lens culinaris on myoblast fusion was examined with synchronized myoblast cultures upon release from fusion block. At a concentration of 15 mug/ml, these lectins were found to inhibit the fusion process to the extent of 62%, 41%, 32%, 8%, and 19%, respectively. Concanavalin A inhibition could be prevented by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. The inhibitory effect of all the lectins except abrin could be reversed by changing to the normal, serum containing medium. The number of binding sites was 3.4 X 10(7), 6.1 X 10(7), and 1.7 X 10(6), respectively. Although myoblasts were found to have about twice as many binding sites for wheat germ agglutinin as for concanavalin A, concanavalin A was determined to be twice as effective as wheat germ agglutinin as an inhibitor of myoblast fusion. These findngs raise the possibility that specific cell surface glycoproteins may be an important factor in this process. PMID- 1238407 TI - A rapid phytohemagglutinin induced alteration in lymphocyte potassium permeability. AB - The exposure of rat and human lymphoid cells to mitogenic concentrations of phytohemagglutinin resulted in an apparent decrease in cellular K+ without a significant change in cellular Na+ when the cells were washed with isotonic Hepes buffered choline chloride prior to cation determination. The apparent reduction in total cellular Na+ plus K+ concentration, however, was not accompanied by a change in cell volume. We inferred that the constant cell volume could occur only if the lost intracellular K+ was exchanged for an external cation during the washing procedure used to prepare cells for Na+ and K+ measurement. This inference was supported by the quantitative recovery of lost cellular K+ in the choline chloride washing solution and the demonstration that a comparable proportion of 86Rb+ (K+ analogue) 42K+ was lost from prelabelled cells during choline chloride washing. Use of medium 199 with Hanks salts, 150 mM NaCl, or 100 mM MgCl2 as the washing solution did not prevent K+ exchange although exchange was less in the presence of MgCl2. These findings indicate that phytohemagglutinin produces a rapid alteration in lymphocyte plasma membranes so as to allow abnormal K+ exchange. This observation is of importance because investigators who measure intracellular solutes in phytohemagglutinin-treated lymphocytes must consider the possibility of lossduring preparative washes. Also, changes in membrane permeability following phytohemagglutinin treatment may modulate mitogenesis and/or permit the transmission of chemical messages between cells. PMID- 1238408 TI - Spontaneous and lectin-induced redistribution of cell surface receptors on embryonic chick neural retina cells. AB - The mobility of plant lectin receptors in the plane of the membrane is examined for cells prepared from embryonic chick neural retinas by a variety of procedures. Cells liberated from the intact tissue by trypsin treatment followed by mechanical dissociation are able to redistribute their receptors into 'caps' both spontaneously and in the presence of a multivalent lectin. These cells, dispersed by trypsinization, upon repair in culture for a suitable period of time lose their ability to redistribute lectin receptors. Cells dispersed by mechanical means without prior trypsin treatment are unable to undergo 'cap' formation. In addition, cells within intact tissues are also unable to redistribute their lectin receptors into 'caps.' Based on these observations we propose that within solid tissues which have assumed their characteristic architecture, cell surfaces are immobilized, and that this phenomenon may be a critical parameter in determining the potential of a cell to undergo morphogenetic rearrangements. PMID- 1238409 TI - Marine steroids. Part II. A synthesis of 3beta, 6alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregn 9(11)-en-20-one. PMID- 1238410 TI - Photocyclisation of enamides. Part VIII. Synthesis of 13-methyl-berbines; total synthesis of (+/-)-cavidine. PMID- 1238411 TI - Reaction of 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil with thiols. PMID- 1238412 TI - Synthesis of 18-substituted steroids. Part I. 18,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20 dione (18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone). PMID- 1238413 TI - Absolute configuration of the most potent isomer of the pyrethroid insecticide alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2 dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate by crystal structure analysis. PMID- 1238414 TI - Studies on lactams. Part XLII. A stereoselective synthesis of some alpha-amido beta-lactams. PMID- 1238415 TI - Experiments on the synthesis of pyrazine nucleosides. PMID- 1238416 TI - A new synthesis of alloxazines by the reaction of diethyl azodiformate with 6 anilinouracils. PMID- 1238417 TI - Formation of oestratrienes from 5,6-epoxyandrostan-7-ols. PMID- 1238418 TI - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some steroidal unsaturated ketones. PMID- 1238419 TI - Steroids and related natural products. Part XCI. Synthesis of the cardenolides canarigenin and uzarigenin. PMID- 1238420 TI - Steroids and related natural products. Part XCII. Conversion of canarigenone (14 hydroxy-3-oxo-14beta-carda-4,20(22)-dienolide) into periplogenin (3beta,5,14 trihydroxy-5beta,14beta-card-20(22)-enolide). PMID- 1238421 TI - Synthesis of 17beta-(2-amino-oxazol-4-yl)-steroids. PMID- 1238422 TI - Amino-acids and peptides. Part I. Esterification of the carboxy-group of penicillins and cephalosporins by hydrazone oxidation. PMID- 1238423 TI - Microbiological hydroxylation. Part XX. Hydroxylation of dioxygenated 5alpha androstanes with the fungi Absidia regnieri and Syncephelastrum racemosum. PMID- 1238424 TI - Saponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L.; components of saikosaponin b. PMID- 1238425 TI - Condensation of ethyl diazoacetate with cobalt porphyrins. PMID- 1238426 TI - Determination of the stereochemistry of the product of rearrangement of penicillin G with methyl chloroformate by total synthesis. PMID- 1238427 TI - Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part CDXXXIV. A novel total synthesis of olivacine (1,5-dimethyl-6H-pyrido(4,3-b)-carbazole). PMID- 1238428 TI - Conformational aspects of some 5beta-methyl-19-nor-steroids. PMID- 1238429 TI - Structural studies on the antibiotic vancomycin: Evidence for the presence of modified phenylglycine and beta-hydroxytyrosine units. PMID- 1238430 TI - Withanolides Q and R, two new 23-hydroxy-steroidal lactones. PMID- 1238431 TI - Studies on 7-(3,5-dideoxy-2-C-methoxycarbonyl-beta-L-pentofuranosyl) theophyllines. Configuration at the branch point and biological activity. PMID- 1238432 TI - (A-21-D-asparagine) sheep insulin, a diastereoisomer of the natural hormone. PMID- 1238433 TI - Determinants of experimental neurosis in cats. AB - In order to assess the relative effectiveness of Masserman's contingent method and Wolpe's noncontingent method of inducing experimental neurosis in cats, cats in four independent groups were trained to a uniform criterion to eat in a standard apparatus and then shocked either contingently upon eating or noncontingently upon eating or noncontingently. Cats shocked noncontingently were matched with those shocked contingently for the number of shocks administered. Ss then were assessed for persistence and/or generalization of the inhibition of eating in the same or in a discriminably-different setting. Masserman's contingent method induced significantly greater inhibition at the 0.5 level. This finding is consistent with prediction that would be made on the basis of the delay-of-reinforcement gradient. It is suggested that the contrasting results obtained by Wolpe and Smart may be attributable to confounding variables introduced unintentionally. PMID- 1238434 TI - The septum: neural systems involved in eating, drinking, irritability, nuricide, copulation, and activity in rats. AB - Eating, drinking, irritability, muricide, and copulation were measured in 45 male rats before and after one of three coronal knife cuts in the septal region or a control operation; in addition, activity was measured postoperatively. (a) Cuts posteroventral to the septum resulted in slight hypophagia, marked hyperdipsia, irritability, asexuality, and decrease in activity. (b) Cuts of the fornix resulted only in slight decrease in activity. (c) Cuts through the anterior septum resulted in irritability, slight hyposexuality, and slight decrease in activity. No significant correlations between the various behavioral effects were found. It was suggested that the neural pathways mediating eating, drinking, irritability, muricide, copulation, and activity are relatively distinct and that neural activity in the septal region probably does not influence behavior in any unitary fashion. PMID- 1238435 TI - Conspecific aggression in the laboratory rat. AB - Attacks by dominant colony males of a domesticated rat strain on conspecific strangers introduced into the colony include both a full range of threat displays and actual biting attack. These dominant males attack and bite both anesthetized and unanesthetized strangers, but threat displays and bites to anesthetized rats are limited. Lesions resulting from these bites are nonrandomly distributed, with most damage to the head and upper back and very few bites to ventral surfaces. When introduced strangers were left in the colonies for several days, 66% were killed, indicating that domesticated rats are capable of lethal attacks on conspecifics without external provocation. PMID- 1238436 TI - Cortical evoked potential, personality, and intelligence. AB - The averaged cortical evoked potential (CEP) was measured from 296 male subjects in two studies and was correlated with scores on intelligence and personality tests. For both studies, auditory stimuli were used with bipolar electrode placement to the Cz and T3 scalp positions. In the first study, with 84 subjects, stimulus intensity was 95 dB (all dB readings re 20 muN/m2). Intelligence was measured with the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale and personality with H. J. Eysenck's PEN questionnaire. The second study, with 212 subjects, used additional stimuli at 75 dB and 55 dB. Intelligence was measured with the Ravens Progressive Matrices. State anxiety and other state measures at the time of testing were also taken. Neither study found any relation between the CEP and IQ or personality. However, more bored subjects showed larger CEP amplitudes. The results are discussed in terms of Ertl's neural efficiency hypothesis and Eysenck's arousal theory of personality. PMID- 1238437 TI - Male hamster preference for odors of female hamster vaginal discharges: studies of experiential and hormonal determinants. AB - Male hamsters approach sources of odors from female hamster vaginal discharges and spend significantly more time around these odor sources than around control locations in the test box. This preference for female hamster vaginal odors appears in sexually inexperienced as well as experienced males, even in individuals isolated from females since the time of weaning. Castration significantly reduces the sex odor preference, and treatment with testosterone propionate partially restores it. PMID- 1238438 TI - Isolation-induced aggression in newly hatched ducklings. AB - Newly hatched Khaki Campbell ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were initially housed in pairs and subsequently transferred to isolated housing conditions. Subjects living with another bird displayed filial behavior and little aggression upon encountering another duckling in a test arena. In contrast, ducklings housed in isolation exhibited aggressive pecking in addition to filial behavior when another duckling was subsequently encountered. In Experiment 2, ducklings were housed with an imprinting object (i.e., an object that elicits attachment behavior), but they were otherwise isolated from other birds. These subjects displayed little aggression when they were subsequently reunited with a conspecific, indicating that the aggression-precluding effects of social housing are not limited to the particular social stimulus with which the ducklings are housed. In Experiment 3, ducklings were again housed with an imprinting object, but this time the object was behind glass, thereby precluding tactile contact with it. Since these birds also exhibited little aggression when reunited with a conspecific, it is apparent that visual stimulation from an imprinting object is sufficient in itself to preclude subsequent aggression. These findings suggest that stimulation that elicits attachment behavior is the critical factor mediating isolation-induced aggression. PMID- 1238439 TI - Role of monoamines in the control by hormones of sexual receptivity in the female rat. AB - The involvement of indole- and catecholamines in the hormonal regulation of sexual receptivity has been investigated in ovariectomized female rats. Drugs that reduce 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and adrenaline or increase noradrenaline neurotransmission tended to facilitate the occurrence of estrous behavior in estrogen-treated females, and drugs having opposite effects tended to inhibit receptivity induced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen decreased noradrenaline turnover in cortex and brain stem; progesterone enhanced this effect in brain stem but prevented it in cortex. Both hormones tended to block noradrenaline uptake in hypothalamus in vitro. In a schedule used to induce receptivity, estrogen accelerated serotonin turnover, an effect prevented by progesterone. Thus a number of monoamines may be involved in the control by hormones of estrous behavior. Furthermore, hormones affect both amine turnover and uptake mechanisms. PMID- 1238441 TI - Effects of olfactory bulb ablation and androgen on marking and agonistic behavior in male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Male Mongolian gerbils, selected for high marking frequency, were paired with male opponents, and marking and fighting behavior were recorded. Animals then underwent castration, bilateral bulbectomy, unilateral bulbectomy, the combined operations, or a sham operation; and their behavior was again observed. All operated animals showed drastic reduction in both marking and aggressive encounters. Injections of testosterone propionate (TP) produced complete restoration of marking in castrates, but not in bilaterally or unilaterally bulbectomized animals or combined operates. The exhibition of aggression after injections of TP, however, was enhanced to supernormal levels in bulbectomized or bulbectomized-castrated animals. The results suggest the following: that removal of the olfactory bulbs may eliminate a critical neural input necessary for the normal expression of marking and agonistic; that although marking and fighting are influences by olfactory input and gonadal steroids, their regulatory mechanisms may not be identical; and that removal of the bulbs may sensitize a neural mechanism controlling aggression, thus potentiating its elicitation following administration of exogenous androgen. PMID- 1238442 TI - Paper and whey as a feedstuff for ruminants. AB - Eleven papers were compared for absorption of whey and for digestibility in vitro. Papers were squared, ground, and soaked in whey for 1, 5, and 15 min and for 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Digestibility in vitro was determined on minimum and maximum whey absorption of each squared and ground paper sample. Whey absorption by squared papers increased with time. Ground samples absorbed more whey than squared ones and maximum quantities were absorbed with 1 to 5 min. Mean percent absorptions for ground telephone book covers, glossy magazines, computer cards, computer printout sheets, daily newsprint, telephone directory yellow pages, cardboard box, feedsacks, brown bags, telephone directory white pages, and coasters were: 31.0, 35.2, 35.4, 36.5, 43.9, 47.9, 51.0, 51.4, 51.7, 55.6, and 67.4. For seven papers, addition of whey increased digestibility. Four papers were either unchanged or decreased in digestibility. This depression of digestibility may have resulted from the high fat content of whey used. Based on in vitro digestibilities, we conclude that it is possible to recycle selected paper/whey combinations through ruminants. PMID- 1238440 TI - Role of illness in producing learned taste aversions in rats: a comparison of several rodenticides. AB - Several toxic agents were compared in order to test the effect of various types of illness in producing learned taste aversions. After a 10-min sucrose drinking trial, groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with lithium chloride or with a strong, near lethal dose of a rodenticide. Strong sucrose aversions were acquired by groups injected with lithium chloride, copper sulfate, sodium fluoroacetate, or red squill, and very weak or no aversions were learned by groups injected with thallium, warfarin cyanide, or strychnine. The results were discussed in terms of onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, and kinds of physiological effects necessary to produce aversions. It was concluded that the effects of different drugs may be mediated by different physiological systems learned taste aversions. PMID- 1238444 TI - Diurnal rhythm, age, and other variables affecting yellowfever mosquito avidity and the laboratory assay of repellents. PMID- 1238443 TI - Milk and its role in the American diet. AB - A decline in milk consumption is postulated as a possible factor contributing to poor nutritional status. Certain common prejudices against milk may, rightly or wrongly, act as barriers to its consumption and, therefore, to its nutritional contributions. Beliefs such as "adults don't need milk;" "raw milk is better than pasteurized milk;" "nonwhite people shouldn't drink milk;" "saturated fat and cholesterol 'cause' heart disease;" "cows are ecologically unsound;" and "nutrition doesn't sell milk" can be counteracted in light of current scientific knowledge and information. It is reaffirmed that milk, in moderation, is a desirable inclusion in most people's diets. PMID- 1238445 TI - Chemical changes associated with flavor in irradiated meat. PMID- 1238446 TI - Comparisons of methods for calculating retention of nutrients in cooked foods. PMID- 1238447 TI - Nutritional evaluation of protein from shrimp cannery effluent (shrimp waste protein). PMID- 1238448 TI - Identification and properties of "phytate" in cereal grains and oilseed products. PMID- 1238449 TI - Okra seeds: a new protein source. PMID- 1238450 TI - Editorial: Measuring up to the challenge. PMID- 1238452 TI - A profile of the PSRO program. PMID- 1238451 TI - The PSRO program--its impact on the provision of drug-related services. PMID- 1238453 TI - Components of the PSRO review system in short-stay hospitals. PMID- 1238454 TI - American Podiatry Association participation in the PSRO program. PMID- 1238455 TI - Malpractice and PSROs. PMID- 1238456 TI - Podiatrists and PSROs. PMID- 1238457 TI - Model screening criteria for the review of surgical procedures and associated care rendered by podiatrists. July 1975. PMID- 1238458 TI - Kyasanur Forest disease. PMID- 1238459 TI - Epidermal cell production rates. AB - Labeling and mitotic index data and estimates for the length of the S and M phases of the cell cycle from the literature have been compared with new data obtained over a 24-hr period from various epidermal sites in mouse. It has been found that values obtained at a single time of the day may give misleading results. All data have been interpreted in terms of cell production rates per epidermal proliferative unit (EPU). The final conclusions after consideration of cell production rates, labeling and mitotic indices, epidermal transit times, and epidermal structure are that dorsal and ear skin have rather similar cell production rates while tail and foot rates are 4 to 7 times higher. A comparison has also been made between the mouse results and the available human data. Hairless mouse dorsum appears from structural and proliferative aspects to be the best model for some regions of human skin. A new model has been proposed for epidermal proliferation based on the EPU. The model suggests a role for the Langerhans cells and suggests that there is a program of sequential cellular maturity in the EPU originating at the level of a central basal stem cell through committed proliferative cells and ending with cell loss from the skin surface. PMID- 1238460 TI - The lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter and human schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - An in vitro assay for the new lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter has been adapted for use with human material. Peripheral eosinophils from patients with schistosomiasis mansoni were specifically induced to migrate on incubation with egg antigen. Furthermore, the peripheral lymphocytes of these patients on incubation with the egg antigen secreted the lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter, which enhanced the migration of purified eosinophils from patients with or without schistosomiasis. The test can be easily performed with human target cells and may be helpful for diagnostic or investigative purposes. PMID- 1238461 TI - [Comparison of ventricular fibrillation maintained by spontaneous, direct current stimuli and alternative current stimuli during cardiopulmonary bypass-with special reference to partial left ventricular hemodynamics and intramyocardial tissue pressure]. PMID- 1238462 TI - [Evaluation of surgical treatment in patients with mitral atresia and normal aortic valve]. PMID- 1238463 TI - [Fat globules in circulating blood during cardiopulmonary bypass--causes and effect of the disposable filter]. PMID- 1238464 TI - [Characteristic feature of intrapulmonary gas exchange abnormalities in spontaneous pneumothorax--with special reference to the relationship between arterial desaturation and collapsed lung volume]. PMID- 1238465 TI - [Adverse effect of induced cardiac arrest on the myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass and its protective measure:--with special reference to electron microscopy findings]. PMID- 1238466 TI - [Surgical treatment of complete transposition of the great arteries--evaluation of the surgical technic in relation to the type of diseases]. PMID- 1238467 TI - [Re-examination of tube-drainage in primary chronic empyema]. PMID- 1238468 TI - [Hemolysis caused by the Lande-Edwards membrane oxygenator]. PMID- 1238469 TI - [Etiological studies of prolapse and insufficiency of the aortic valve associated with ventricular septal defect. 1. Pathological studies]. PMID- 1238470 TI - [Present status of the surgical management of annulo-aortic ectasis in Japan]. PMID- 1238471 TI - [Open heart surgery with autologous blood]. PMID- 1238472 TI - [Double valve replacement in combined valvular diseases with special reference to the immediate results following surgery]. PMID- 1238473 TI - [Echocardiographic studies of heart valve diseases--with special reference to mitral valve diseases]. PMID- 1238474 TI - [Postsurgical lung function in non-neoplastic lung diseases--follow-up studies]. PMID- 1238475 TI - [The role of science in this deeply troubled world (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238476 TI - [Symposium on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. (2) Observations on the coagulation and fibrinolysis in the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238477 TI - [Symposium on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. (4) Predisposition to chronic thrombi formation and blood coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238478 TI - [Symposium on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. (5) Metabolic and kinetic studies of platelets in thromogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238479 TI - [Symposium on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. (7) Integrated analysis of hemorrhagic-thrombotic tendency (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238480 TI - [A case report of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with fatty liver and hyperlipemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238481 TI - [A case of metastatic tumor in the liver with spontaneous regression. Metastatic tumor, spontaneous regression (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238482 TI - [A case of the progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) with high serum concentration of M protein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238484 TI - [Cell mediated immunity in relation to humoral antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238483 TI - [Symposium on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. (1) Pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238485 TI - [A case of phenacetin (acetophenetidin) abuse with marked hemolytic anemia, interstitial nephritis and hypogammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238486 TI - [A case of Sjogren's syndrome associated with renal tubular acidosis, medullary sponge kidney and multiple immunological abnormalities (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238487 TI - [Two autopsy cases of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238488 TI - [Radiologically visible calcification of carotid arteries and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238489 TI - [ADP-induced platelet aggregability measured by screen filtration pressure method in cerebrovascular disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238490 TI - [A study on prognosis of chronic obstructive lung disease with reference to clinical types (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238491 TI - [Kearns-Shy syndrome--Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238492 TI - [A case of idiopathic Addison's disease with chronic thyroiditis and ovarian dysfunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238493 TI - The utriculo-endolymphatic valve: its functional significance. AB - A study was made of the anatomical structure and functional significance of the ultriculo-endolymphatic (UE) valve in man. The material consists of 170 human temporal bones of which 75 were chosen to show normal structure through nine decades of life, 29 with endolymphatic hydrops, 22 with developmental defects and 44 with pertinent staining characteristics of the endolymphatic fluid. The studies show that the UE valve is ideally suited to preserve the humoral and anatomical features of the pars superior (utricle and canals) from the developmental, disease, and traumatic susceptibilities of the pars inferior (cochlear duct and saccule). Its function probably is to permit the occasional egress of excessive accumulation of endolymph to be processed in the endolymphatic sac and to accomplish this while preserving the normal endolymph volume and membrane anatomy of the utricle and canals. PMID- 1238494 TI - Evaluation of the direct reading bilirubinometer. PMID- 1238495 TI - Relationship between the endocrine environment within the Graafian follicle and the subsequent rate of progesterone secretion by human granulosa cells in vitro. AB - The steroidogenic potential of granulosa cells harvested from human Graafian follicles containing varying concentrations of pituitary and steroid hormones was examined. The mitotic activity and production of progesterone by granulosa cells in vitro was found to be correlated with their hormonal environment at the time of harvesting. Only cells from follicles containing some FSH and high concentrations of oestradiol underwent spontaneous mitosis in vitro. However, mitosis could be induced by adding FSH and high concentrations of oestradiol to the culture, provided that the concentration of LH was low. Cells harvested from follicles containing LH, FSH and high concentrations of oestradiol secreted significantly more progesterone than cells from follicles which did not contain all three hormones. It is suggested that after the initiation of follicular development by FSH, a long period of exposure (8-10 Days) to both FSH and oestradiol is necessary before the maximum biosynthetic capacity of granulosa cells is achieved; this synthetic potential is then only realized under the influence of LH and prolactin. Premature exposure to LH inhibits both the mitotic activity and the steroidogenic potential of these cells. PMID- 1238496 TI - The effects of hypophysectomy and of bovine growth hormone on the responses to testosterone of prostate, preputial, Harderian and lachrymal glands and of brown adipose tissue in the rat. AB - The relative responses to testosterone of the prostate, preputial, Harderian, and lachrymal glands, the seminal vesicles and the brown adipose tissue, have been compared in litter-mate, castrated and hypophysectomized-castrated rats, with or without treatment with bovine GH. The responses of both prostate and preputial glands, though not the seminal vesicles, were reduced by hypophysectomy, and restored by GH. Growth hormone had some independent action on the preputial glands, but most of its effect was synergistic with testosterone. The respinse of brown adipose tissue to testosterone was similarly reduced by hypophysectomy, but was not restored by the GH. The weights of the Harderian and lachrymal glands were not affected by castration, but they were considerably reduced by hypophysectomy. Growth hormone had a slight restorative effect on the Harderian glands, but none on the lachrymal glands. PMID- 1238497 TI - Effects of hypothalamic deafferentation on basal and stress-induced adrenocortical acitivity in the pigeon. AB - Partial and complete deafferentation of the hypothalamus of the pigeon was performed using a modified Halasz-Pupp microknife. After complete neural isolation the plasma corticosterone level stabilized at a point intermediate between the morning and evening levels found in intact pigeons. No diurnal rhythm was observed and the response to neurogenic stimulus (restraint) was suppressed. Ether stress, however, induced a rise in plasma corticosterone. Posterior deafferentation had no effect on the diurnal corticosterone rhythm but did block the rise normally found after restraint. Anterior deafferentation did not suppress the stress-induced response but provided the cuts were large enough they inhibited the diurnal corticosterone rhythm. It is suggested therefore that the neural afferents to the hypothalamus which are necessary for diurnal fluctuations in pituitary-adrenal function pass through a sector located anteriorly between 45 degrees and 60 degrees on either side of the mod-line while stress-induced adrenocortical activation is triggered through posterior connexions. PMID- 1238498 TI - Effect of gestagen therapy upon 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 1238499 TI - Lack of an effect of dihydrotestosterone on serum luteinizing hormone in neonatal female rats. PMID- 1238500 TI - Plasma progesterone levels in guinea-pigs actively immunized against prostaglandin F2alpha, hysterectomized or treated with intra-uterine indomethacin. AB - Five guinea-pigs actively immunized against a prostaglandin F2alpha(PGF2alpha) bovine serum albumin conjugate showed elongated oestrous cycles. During these, corpora lutea were maintained in a functional secretory state as indicated by plasma progesterone levels. The results are compatible with the view that the PGF2alpha antibodies neutralized the PGF2alpha released from the uterus and thus prevented its normal luteolytic effect. Similar patterns of progesterone secretion were observed in two hysterectomized animals and in two animals with intra-uterine implants of indomethacin. PMID- 1238501 TI - Induction of triploidy in the mouse by cytochalasin B. AB - Mouse eggs fertilized in vivo were treated with cytochalasin B in vitro (5 mug/ml of culture medium) at the moment of extrusion of the second polar body (2-5, 3-0, 3-5 h after copulation). Cytochalasin B inhibits cytokinesis of the second maturation division, so that triploid digynic eggs are formed in over 50% of treated eggs. Triploid eggs were transplanted to the oviducts of recipients. On the 4th and 5th day of development 41-7% of transplanted eggs were recovered. All embryos recovered on the 4th day were morulae, while on the 5th day blastocysts predominated. Recovered embryos were studied for cell number and ploidy. Twenty three of 27 embryos with analysable metaphase plates were triploid and four were diploid (the latter were found in females into which both triploid and control diploid eggs were transplanted). Sex chromosome constitution was determined in seven cases: four triploids were XXY and three were XXX. Preliminary observations showed that triploid embryos obtained by the use of cytochalasin B can implant and survive at least to the 9th day. PMID- 1238502 TI - The hormonal control and morphology of blastocyst invasion in the mouse uterus. AB - When mature and immature uteri from ovariectomized mice were cultured in chemically defined media, blastocyst invasion occurred in the presence of progesterone but not in media containing only oestradiol. The invaded stromal tissue did not decidualize unless the uteri were taken from mice pretreated with progesterone and oestradiol. Fibrillar material was, however, concentrated in the stromal tissue adjacent to the invasive trophoblast. Neither progesterone nor oestradiol, had any ultrastructural effect on the endometrium of cultured uteri from ovariectomized mice, other than closure of uterine lumina in the presence of progesterone. Embryogenesis became abnormal, probably owing to the failure of formation of a suitable implantation chamber. PMID- 1238503 TI - The ultrastructure of the polar lobe of Crepidula fornicata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). AB - Some novel structural features of the polar lobe of the egg of Crepidula are described. The significance of two kinds of aggregate is discussed in relation to the morphogenetic factors present in polar lobes generally. Surface configurations of the polar lobe are also described. PMID- 1238504 TI - Effects of bromodeoxyuridine, cytosine arabinoside and Colcemid upon in vitro development of mouse blastocysts. AB - Mouse blastocysts in culture have been treated with increasing concentrations of cytosine arabinoside, bromodeoxyuridine or Colcemid. Concentrations of all three antimetabolites have been found which interfere with neither hatching of the blastocysts from their zona pellucidae nor subsequent attachment of the blastocysts to the culture dish, but which eventually result in death of the inner cell mass (ICM) and its derivatives. The effect upon the ICM is selective at these antimetabolite concentrations since many or, in some cases, all trophoblast cells continue to survive, and by a number of criteria, undergo normal patterns of differentiation and development. PMID- 1238505 TI - A new in vitro system for studying secondary palate development. AB - An in vitro system was devised which supports palate development in partially dissected embryonic mouse heads. The heads were suspended in the culture chamber so that they were not held in a fixed orientation and were constantly surrounded with a fluid medium. Under these circumstances the developing palate must effect closure without the aid of gravitational forces. The culture medium was constantly circulated, gassed with 95% O2, 5% CO2 using hollow fiber gas permeation devices, and kept at 34 degrees C. Swiss-Webster mouse embryos of 12 days 12-18 h (ca. 48 h prior to expected in vivo closure) or 13 days 8-14 h (ca. 24 h prior to closure) were used to test the ability of the system to support palatal development. Embryonic heads were dissected in one of two ways before culture: brain and tongue removed, or brain, tongue and mandible removed. After 24 h in culture, preparations of either age with only the brain and tongue removed had made substantially greater progress than their counterparts with the brain, tongue and mandible removed. With only the brain and tongue removed, the palatal shelves were contacting, adhered or fused in 67% of the older embryos of the same age cultured with the brain, tongue and mandible removed had shelves that were not fully elevated and still separated by a moderate gap. Thus for maximal progress in the present system, the oral cavity must be intact except for the tongue. PMID- 1238506 TI - Cellular kinetics of the intestinal immune response to cholera toxoid in rats. AB - The aims of this study were (a) to find a regime of immunization with cholera toxoid in rats which would establish a high density of antitoxin containing cells (ACC) in the lamina propria of the intestine and (b) to determine the origin of the ACC. The best cellular response was achieved by a single i.p. dose of toxoid in FCA followed by an intraintestinal boost 2 wk later. ACC appeared in the thoracic duct lymph 2 days after boosting, reaching a peak of about 200,000 ACC/h at 3--4 days. This was followed by the appearance of large numbers of ACC in the intestine. The i.p. dose of toxoid by itself gave rise to very few ACC in the gut or thoracic duct lymph, but it had clearly primed the gut immune system for a secondary response. Priming was also achieved by the prolonged oral intake of toxoid. The importance of the intestinal route for boosting was shown by the failure of i.p. challenge to give an ACC response in the intestine after i.p. priming and the small response it provoked after oral priming. ACC among thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) and in the lamina propria contained predominantly IgA. Two observations indicated that the major source of the lamina propria ACC was from cells that emerged in the thoracic duct lymph after intraintestinal challenge. Firstly, the establishment of a thoracic duct fistula immediately before challenge prevented the appearance of ACC in the intestine. Secondly, many ACC appeared in the intestine of normal rats after the injection of TDL rich in ACC. Although homing of ACC precursors to the gut was not antigen-dependent, the distribution of ACC in the lamina propria was considerably influenced by the site of the intestinal challenge, the density of ACC being greatest at or distal to the site of injection of toxoid into the lumen of the gut. PMID- 1238507 TI - Adrenocortical function: corticosterone levels in female BALB/c and C3H mice under various conditions. AB - A diurnal rhythmicity in plasma corticosterone levels was demonstrated in female BALB/cCrgl and C3H/Crgl mice, with and without mammary tumor virus. Removal of the adrenals followed by metopirone treatment reduced circulating corticoid to non-detectable levels in C3H but not in BALB/c mice. Dexamethasone strains. Neonatal exposure to exogenous hormones failed to cause any obvious change in corticoid levels. Bilateral ovariectomy of these neonatally treated mice at 40 days of age resulted in a subsequent lowering of plasma corticoid levels when compared with intact animals. PMID- 1238508 TI - Electrophoretic studies of Australasian, North American and European isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and related species. AB - Forty-seven isolates of Sclerotinia species, collected from a variety of crops growing in Australia, New Zealand, North America and Europe, have been classified into three distinct groups on the electrophoretic patterns for soluble proteins, arylesterase, acid phosphatase, tetrazolium oxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-linked) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase. There were only small intra-group differences. The electrophoretic patterns of an isolate of Whetzelinia (= Sclerotinia) tuberosa were characteristically different from those of the other isolates. These results support the findings from previous studies when ontogenetic, electrophoretic and mycelial-interaction criteria were used to group a smaller number of isolates from New South Wales, Australia. It is concluded that S. sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum and S. minor are three distinct species. PMID- 1238509 TI - Selective olfactory system damage in Sprague-Dawley rats: effects upon emotional and muricidal behavior. PMID- 1238510 TI - Mass fragmentographic determination of some acidic and alcoholic metabolites of biogenic amines in the rat brain. PMID- 1238511 TI - The culture of previously dissociated embryonic chick spinal cord cells on feeder layers of liver and kidney, and the development of paraformaldehyde induced fluorescence upon the former. AB - Spinal cord cells from embryonic chicks were cultured upon liver and kidney feeder layers of similar species origin. Successful cultures were obtained with inocula of cord cells containing as few as 15 000 cells ml(-1), whereas without feeder layers at least 200 000 ml(-1) are ordinarily required. Upon liver, many neurons and processes became intensely fluorescent, a property seldom shared by those grown upon kidney. Many processes upon liver contained large numbers of dense-cored vesicles, significantly larger and more numerous than in those grown upon kidney. We conclude that association with liver feeder layers has the consequence of producing in cord cells fluorescence and ultrastructural characteristics appropriate to catecholamine content, through a mechanism as yet unknown. PMID- 1238512 TI - Role of coprophagy in masking dietary deficiencies of cystine in the rat. AB - When a diet containing raw soybean was fed to rats, there was an increase in the synthesis of pancreatic protein, presumably exocrine protein, as evidenced by an increased uptake of [35S]cystine. There was also an increased transsulfuration of methionine sulfur as indicated by labeled sulfur transformation from methionine to cystine. This same pattern of events was produced in rats receiving a casein containing diet when 50 mg of crystalline trypsin inhibitor was administered by gavage. However, if coprophagy was prevented, the increased uptake of [35S]cystine and [35S]methionine transsulfuration under both dietary conditions was blocked. It was found that prevention of coprophagy was without effect upon these two processes if supplementary dietary cystine was provided or if a dietary protein source with adequate cystine, i.e., heat-treated soybean, was provided. It was concluded that by practicing coprophagy, sufficient fecal cystine was being returned to the upper intestinal tract to permit some synthesis of pancreatic exocrine protein and with this stimulation of synthesis, transulfuration could proceed. This assumes that the biosynthesis of cystine is dependent upon the availability of sufficient cystine to permit active protein synthesis. In another situation where cystine requirement is high, namely, the rapidly growing rat, a limited amount of cystine was fed by providing a 12% casein diet. Either supplementary cystine or methionine was provided and it was found that both amino acids gave optimal growth in conventional rats, but when coprophagy was prevented, optimal growth was achieved only with the cystine supplemented diet. PMID- 1238513 TI - Stomach and upper intestine of the rat in the regulation of food intake. AB - The role of the upper intestine in the regulation of food intake and gastric emptying has been studied in normal, gastrectomized, and "crossover" rats, parabiotic rats with a common visceral cavity in which the proximal duodenum of each parabiont is anastomosed to the pylorus of the stomach of the partner. One rat of "crossover" pairs eats and the partner eats little or nothing. Normal rats fed a raw soybean (RS) diet ate less and gastric evacuation proceeded more slowly than in normal rats fed a heated soybean (HS) diet. It is postulated that RS contains a heat-labile intestinal irritant. The upper intestine of gastrectomized rats regulates food intake and prevents overloading of the intestine. Force feeding of excessive amounts of the RS diet elicited the secretion of much more solids and nitrogen into the upper intestine than did similar amounts of the HS diet. The upper intestines of "crossover" rats lose all control over entry of gastric contents into their duodena. Fed ad libitum, the parabiont whose stomach emptied first, ate continuously, while the recipient partner showed diarrhea. It is postulated that the control of food intake traditionally assigned to the stomach resides, rather, in the upper intestine. PMID- 1238514 TI - Influence of excess vitamin E on vitamin A toxicity in rats. AB - Male Holtzman rats (78 g) were fed semipurified 16% protein diets for 8 weeks using a food grade soy protein concentrate as the protein source. The basal diet (A) contained added DL-methionine (0.26%) and adequate amounts of vitamins A (14,535 IU/kg as retinyl acetate) and E (60 IU/kg as DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) and all other required nutrients. Experimental diets included: (B) basal plus 600 IU of vitamin E/kg; (C) basal plus 6,000 IU of vitamin E/kg; (D) basal plus 2.9 X 10(6) IU of vitamin A/kg; (E) basal plus 2.9 X 10(6) IU of vitamin A plus 600 IU of vitamin E/kg; and (F) basal plus 2.9 X 10(6) IU of vitamin A plus 6,000 IU of vitamin E/kg. Both vitamin A and vitamin E had a significant (P less than 0.05) effect on growth. There was an increase in growth with vitamin E intake and a decrease in growth with vitamin A intake. The net result of these two effects was that the groups fed both vitamins tended to be quite close in mean values to the group fed only the basal diet. Vitamin A significantly (P less than 0.05) increased relative weights of spleen and testes; vitamin E reduced that effect. Vitamin E also significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced relative adrenal weight whereas vitamin A significantly increased it. The two effects tend to cancel each other in the sense that the group fed both vitamins had an average relative adrenal weight quite close to that of the group fed only the basal diet. However, vitamin A still had an effect even when 6,000 IU of vitamin E was fed. The interaction effect of the two vitamins was significant (P less than 0.05) for plasma total protein and liver vitamin A. There was an increase in liver vitamin A with increasing levels of vitamin E in the diet. Blood urea nitrogen and plasma cholesterol were unchanged. A significant interaction of vitamins A and E was found to effect plasma total protein, liver vitamin A, and relative weight of spleen and testes. PMID- 1238515 TI - Inflammatory damage to ducts in mammary dysplasia: a cause of duct obliteration. AB - Study of 600 cases of benign mammary dysplasia showed periductal foam-cell infiltration in 62 cases. Fibrotic obliteration of ducts was found in 24-2 per cent. of the lesions with foam-cell infiltrates. By contrast, lesions of benign mammary dysplasia lacking periductal foam-cell infiltration showed a significantly lower proportion of ductal obliteration (3-3 per cent). The differences between the proportions of lesions containing obliterated ducts was most marked in younger subjects before the age of 50 yr; thereafter the differences became very much less. On the basis of the morphological observations it is suggested that periductal mastitis with significant foam-cell infiltration may damage the ducts. Some ducts appear to become occluded by collagenous plugs, whereas others show evidence of epithelial regeneration, recanalisation and healing. These findings suggest that periductal mastitis with prominent foam-cell infiltration may be the cause of one type of fibrotic duct obliteration. PMID- 1238516 TI - Aspects of the life history of Cyclocoelum brasilianum Stossich 1902 (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae). PMID- 1238518 TI - Two eyeworms, Thelazia gulosa and Thelazia skrjabini, in cattle in Kentucky. PMID- 1238517 TI - Effect of social stress and inherited plasma corticosterone levels in chickens on populations of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum. PMID- 1238520 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Cimicifuga spp. IX. Structure of Cimigol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238519 TI - Occurrence of the eyeworm, Thelazia lacrymalis, in horses in Kentucky. PMID- 1238521 TI - [4-Morpholinyl ester as an activated ester in peptide synthesis. IV (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238522 TI - [Pyrolysis of 2,2,2-tri(aryl and alkyl)ethyl xanthates (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238523 TI - [Studies of plants containing indole alkaloids (5). Identification of tetrahydrosecamine in Amsonia elliptica Roem. et Schult. and the synthesis of secamine and presecamine skeletons (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238524 TI - [Reactions of protoberberine-type alkaloids. X. The structure of KMnO4 oxidation products of acetoneberberine (2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238525 TI - [Oxidation with nickel peroxide. IX. Syntheses of amides by ammonoxidation of aldehydes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238526 TI - [Polarographic study of the reaction of vitamin K3 with thiol compounds in aqueous ethanol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238527 TI - [Biological active principles of the crude drugs. II. Antiulcerogenic and anti inflammatory actions of the crude drugs containing saponin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238528 TI - [Studies on 3,4-fused 5,6-dihydro-2h-pyran derivatives. I. A new synthetic method of dihydrofuropyran derivative and 1-substituted isochroman derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238529 TI - [Gas phase reaction of trimethylenediamine and ethylene glycol in the reacter packed with catalysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238530 TI - [The preparation and pharmacological screening of kessoglycol derivative (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238531 TI - [The pharmacological action on the kessoglycol 8-monoacetate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238532 TI - [On the metabolites of Streptomyces luteoreticuli Kato et Arai. III. The structure of luteoreticulum. (2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238533 TI - [Non-dialyzable beta-glucuronidase inhibitor in guinea-pig urine. I. Purification (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238534 TI - [Non-dialyzable beta-glucuronidase inhibitor in guinea-pig urine. II. Properties (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238535 TI - [Studies on the utilization of xylan and glucomannan in woods. I. Purification and separation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238536 TI - [N-heterocyclic compounds. I. Facile synthesis of 5,6-dialkoxy-2-aryl-2H indazoles (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238537 TI - [Pyrimidine derivatives and related compounds. XXVIII. Synthesis of 6-cyanouracil derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238539 TI - [Halosulfonic acid as a cyclizing agent for isoquinoline synthesis. II. Formation of the isoquinoline derivatives by the cyclization of 3,4 dimethoxybenzylideneaminoacetal with chlorosulfonic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238538 TI - [Studies on anti-inflammatory agents. XXX. Effects of 2-(5H-(1)benzopyrano (2,3 b)pyridin-7-yl)propionic acid (Y-8004) on polymorphonuclear leucocyte and liver lysosomes prepared from rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238540 TI - [Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. I. Dose-response relationship of cocaine-induced supersensitization in isolated vas deferens of guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238541 TI - [Studies on metabolite of aminopyrine and its metabolic fate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238542 TI - [On the mass spectra of fumarilline type alkaloids. I. Concerning the position of alkoxy groups attached to C-ring and its mass spectra and the fragmentation mechanism by using the external standard method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238543 TI - [Studies on wet granulation. III. The property of powder kneaded with binder (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238544 TI - [Studies on indole derivatives. XXVI. Syntheses and reactions of 3-(alpha, alpha Bismethylthiomethylene)indolenines (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238545 TI - [Studies on tertiary amine oxides. LIII. Studies on preparation and properties of 3,2'-diquinolyl N-Oxides (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238546 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Lyonia ovalifolia Drude var. elliptica Hand. Mazz. XX. Structure of triterpenoid glucoside, lyofolic acid. (4). Correlation of protolyofoligenic acid with cycloartenol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238547 TI - [Syntheses of pyrido(2,3-b)pyrazine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238548 TI - [Studies on the constituents of flowers. IV. On the components of flower of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238549 TI - [Studies on the alkaloids of papaveraceous plants. XXII. Separation of the alkaloids by droplet countercurrent chromatography. 2. The quaternary bases of Corydalis pallida var. tenuis Yatabe (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238550 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. I. Flavonoids from the fruits (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238551 TI - [The action of fluoride on the calcium pretreated blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238552 TI - [The study of the aqueous extract of Puerariae radix. I. The preparation and the components of the active extract (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238553 TI - [The study of the aqueous extract of Puerariae radix. II. The biological difference between the active extract (MTF-101) and acetylcholine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238554 TI - Isolation of lysergide (LSD) with agarosebound antibodies to lysergic acid. PMID- 1238555 TI - Central sites of naloxone-precipitated shaking in the anesthetized, morphine dependent rat. AB - Naloxone hydrochloride, an opiate antagonist, administered via the intracranial or parenteral route precipitates shaking behavior in the morphine-dependent rat. We made localized bilateral injections of naloxone HCl, 1.5 mug/rat, into 60 subcortical sites of the pentobarbital-anesthetized, morphine-dependent rat and found that two circumscribed areas of the brain, the medial hypothalamus and the periaqueductal-4th ventricular spaces, were selectively sensitive to naloxone precipitated shaking. In the nondependent rat, morphine injections into the anterior diencephalon inhibited the shaking response to ice water; injections of morphine into the medial diencephalon were less effective. However, naloxone antagonized the morphine-inhibited shaking more effectively when injections of naloxone were made in the medial diencephalon than when injections were made in the anterior diencephalon. These results suggest that the reciprocal relationship of morphine and morphine-naloxone effects on shaking behavior may be regulated by topographically different structures in the diencephalon. PMID- 1238556 TI - [The effect of asphyxia on the electrical and mechanical activities of the rat hindlimb muscles (author's transl)]. AB - After asphyxia by clamping external iliac artery, the changes of electrical and mechanical activities of M. extensor digitorum longus and soleus were followed up. Although the action potential amplitude was decreased monotonously, a transient increase in twitch tension appeared, one or two minutes after start of asphyxia, which was seen more frequently and more remarkable in extensor than soleus. This was attributed to the different metabolic process of components contained in the muscle and also to their different population in two kinds of muscle fibres. It was suggested from the previous results obtained by us that the decrease of action potential amplitude, at least in the early period of asphyxia, was not due to membrane depolarization but to conformational change of Na-channel by anoxia. PMID- 1238557 TI - [Effects of transections and electrical coagulations in the medulla oblongata upon the activities in the respiratory muscles of the crucian carp (author's transl)]. AB - The following conclusions may be drawn from the results in this work. The respiratory cycles are formed by the neuronal machinery in the reticular formation under the posterior part of the vagal motor nucleus. The motor neurones or the neuronal networks composing the motor nucleus of the respiratory muscles tonically discharge the action potentials, when the neurones or the networks are released from the inhibitory influences of the interneurones connecting the neuronal machinery to the motor neurones. Furthermore, the interneurones probably generate the tonic discharges after removing the inhibitory influences of the other interneurones or the neuronal machinery on them. A reflex mouth closing is elicited by a mechanical stimulus applying on the upper lip. The motor neurones of the m. adductor mandibulae are activated via only one synapse in the reflex. The reflex action potentials recorded from the motor nerve reduce in amplitude at the resting phase of the nerve in the respiratory cycles. These results suggest that the respiratory motor neurones are by nature spontaneous generators of the tonic action potentials and, in the time of the normal breathing, the tonic activity is interrupted by an inhibitory influence of the neuronal machinery generating the respiratory cycles. PMID- 1238558 TI - [Computer-controlled frequency synthesizer for electrophysiological experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238559 TI - [Ultrastructure of the genus Enteromonas da Fonseca (Zoomastigophorea) and revision of the order of Diplomonadida Wenyon]. AB - Fine structure of 2 species of Enteromonas, one from the intestine of the salamander, Triturus vulgairs, and another from the feces of domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculi, is described. The pyriform cell has an anteriorly located nucleus. The 4 flagella originate from an area near the anterior end of the nucleus. The recurrent flagellum (R) is lodged in a ventral depression or cytostome. The kinetosomes, arranged into 2 pairs, anterior (no. 1, no. 2) and posterior ("3, R), are interconnected by microfibrils. One microtubular fiber, connected to kinetosome "1, is situated near the anterior surface of the nucleus. Another, subnuclear, microtubular fiber is homologous to the "crossed" fiber found in Diplozoa. The cytostome is bordered by 2 lips: the preeminent left lip is equipped with several rows of microtubules, while the right lip contains only a thin microtubular fiber associated with microfibrils. The cytostome occupies 2/3 of the ventral surface. The recurrent flagellum passos over the anterior surface of the cell and then comes to lie in the cytostome. The bacteria are phagocytosed in the bottom part of the cytostome between the 2 distended lips. They are digested in numerous vacuoles. The undigested residual bodies are evacuated by a rupture of the cell membrane. The ergastoplasm is concentrated near the cell periphery. Mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus are absent. In the cyst stage, the multinucleate cell is enclosed in a microfibrillar membrane; the axonemes lie free in the cytoplasm. Diplomonad forms of Enteromonas resembling Hexamita are numerous, except that the cytostome is different in these 2 genera. In such forms, the arrangement of the 2 individuals often has binary axial symmetry, but on occasion they are associated in a more anarchic fashion. The mastigont of Enteromonas is organized like that of a single zooid of a diplozoon. It is possible that the genus Enteromonas is ancestral to Diplomonadida and that the diplomonad state, transitory in Enteromonas, became permanently established in Diplomonadida. Enteromonas appears to be more primitive than the other genera of Diplomonadida. Thus we propose 2 suborders: Enteromonadina, subord. nov. with the genus Enteromonas, and Diplomonadina Wenyon, emend., with the genera Trepomonas, Trigonomonas, Hexamita, Spironucleus, Octomitus, Giardia. The arrangement of the kinetosomes and the existence of a cytostome are the principal characters common to Enteromonas and Retortamonadida, while their "accessory" fibers are not homologous. A more complete study of division of the 2 zooflagellate orders is necessary for the presentation of a more detailed evolutionary scheme of these groups. PMID- 1238560 TI - Life change patterns prior to death in ischaemic heart disease. A study on death discordant twins. PMID- 1238561 TI - Change in radiosensitivity on the development of sea urchin eggs during the early cleavage stage. II. Protection against x-ray irradiation by cysteamine. PMID- 1238562 TI - Post-partum oestrus in the sow in relation to the concentration of plasma oestrogens. AB - Ten sows, three entire and seven which had been ovariectomized at different stages of late gestation, were observed for post-partum oestrus. Serial blood samples were collected from six sows during the pre-and post-partum periods, and plasma oestrogen concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay. Morphological aspects of ovarian activity in the entire sows were examined at laparotomy and at autopsy. Although peak values of oestrogen concentration in the plasma varied from 3-9 to 8-0 ng/ml between individuals, the pattern of oestrogen levels was similar for control and ovariectomized sows. Peak concentrations occurred just before parturition, and the timing of ovariectomy did not affect the incidence of the oestrogen peak. Oestrus was detected in one control and one ovariectomized sow at 46 and 40 hr post partum respectively, there being no evidence of ovarian activity in the entire sows. The occurrence of post-partum oestrus in a sow ovariectomized at Day 108 of gestation indicates that this phenomenon is not directly connected with ovarian secretion of oestrogens. The post-partum oestrus is apparently a result of the peak of feto-placental oestrogens that occurs at parturition. PMID- 1238563 TI - Development of rabbit embryos in vitro and in vivo following storage of the two cell stage at 10 degrees C. PMID- 1238564 TI - Levels of progesterone, LH and FSH in the plasma of sheep during the oestrous cycle. PMID- 1238565 TI - Micro-organisms and the appearance of leucocytes in the vaginal wall of cyclic female rats at metoestrus. AB - The present study was undertaken to examine whether leucocytic infiltration of the vagina of the rat at metoestrus is dependent on its contamination by micro organisms. Observations were made on vaginal tissue that had been transplanted under the kidney capsule in cyclic rats, taking care to avoid infection during the transplantation procedure. In such grafts, changes occurred that were associated with ovulation and formation of the CL, but leucocytosis was never obtained at metoestrus. Cyclic changes were observed in the cell patterns of the vaginal smears of germ-free rats, and could be correled exactly with the ovarian cycle. No leucocytes were present at metoestrus. Many micro-orgainisms were present in the vagina at pro-oestrus and oestrus in normal cyclic females, but not at metoestrus and dioestrus. It is concluded that the occurrence of leucocytosis in the vagina at metoestrus in normal cyclic female rats depends on the presence of micro-oranisms. PMID- 1238566 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the rabbit placenta in the last third of gestation. AB - Placental attachment and the ultrastructure of the decidua and placental labyrinth have been studied in rabbits during the final third of gestation. The placenta became progressively easier to separate from the uterine wall as gestation proceeded. This ease of separation was associated with degenerative changes in the decidual tissue, but disruption of the placental labyrinth was not observed until the last 24 hr of pregnancy. Two types of decidual cells were observed; smaller uninucleate glycogen-containing cells and larger multinucleate cells with lipid inclusions. The ageing placentae exhibited increasing decidual degeneration associated with deposition of extracellular fibrous materials. Glycogen became less widely distributed over the period of study and changed from the beta- to the alpha-configuration. In contrast to the observed disruption of the decidual tissue, the placental labyrinth maintained its integrity until the final stages of pregnancy. A dramatic increase in subcellular activity was observed in the syncytiotrophoblast after 28 days of gestation. PMID- 1238567 TI - Factors affecting serum creatine phosphokinase activity in pigs. AB - Serum creatine phosphokinase activity was determined in German Landrace and Landrace x Large White pigs from 11 weeks to 28 weeks of age. A very pronounced age dependence of enzyme activity was observed in both groups, peak activities occurring at 19 weeks of age for the German Landrace and at 15 weeks for the crosses. The large increase in serum creatine phosphokinase activity observed occurred during the rapid phase of growth after which enzyme levels returned close to initial values. Sedatives and the stress of handling while obtaining blood can also cause raised serum creatine phosphokinase levels and complicate the interpretation of the data in regard to the detection of the stress syndrome. Enzyme activity also displayed a diurnal variation thus introducing a further parameter in the use of creatine phosphokinase activity for detection of the stress syndrome. Certain limitations in the method of measurement of creatine phosphokinase are discussed. PMID- 1238568 TI - Cat bite transmission of Yersinia pestis infection to man. AB - The transmission of bubonic plague from the kitten of a domestic cat to a man by means of a bite on a finger is described. The human case was complicated by the development of a secondary meningitis, followed, after specific therapy, by protracted recovery. The kitten showed swollen lymph nodes of the head and neck, frothing at the mouth and nostrils, and signs of an acute infectious disease which had a fatal termination. Yersinia pestis was isolated on about the 8th day from the cerebrospinal fluid of the man. The foster mother of the kitten exhibited signs of spinal and cerebral meningitis but recovered following treatment; her serum contained plague antibody levels of 1:512 and 1:1024 on the 22nd and 34th days respectively after the first evidence of illness. Three litter mates of the kitten also died. The outbreak occurred on a farm in the Graaff Reinet district of the eastern Cape Province, which is situated about 160 km from the nearest known natural plague focus. PMID- 1238569 TI - Cholinergic effects of molecular segments of apomorphine and dopaminergic effects of N,N-dialkylated dopamines. AB - The hydrochlorides of molecular segments of apomorphine [2-(3',4' dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2-(3'4' dihydroxybenzyl)piperidine, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with their respective N-methyl and N-n-propyl homologs] and N,N-dialkylated dopamine compounds were synthesized and studied for (1) LD50 in intact mice; (2) stereotypy in intact mice; (3) curving of the body in unilaterally caudectomized mice; (4) rotation in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, and (5) activation of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of mouse caudate nuclei. Instead of dopaminergic effects 1-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2 methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline showed cholinergic ones. These effects were blocked in atropine-pretreated animals. Of the N,N-dialkylated dopamine compounds synthesized, the N-n-propyl-N-n-butyldopamine ranked in all tests as the strongest dopamine-receptor agonist and N-methyl-N-n-propyldopamine as the weakest. In contrast, N,N-dimethyldopamine and 1-(3,4 dihydroxyphenylethyl)piperidine showed no dopaminergic effects. The effectiveness of the dopaminergic agonists depended on the length of the N-alkyl substituents suggesting interactions with hydrophobic regions of the receptor site. PMID- 1238570 TI - Novel phosphate anthelmintics. 3. Alkyl and aryl 1-methyleneallyl phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates. AB - A series of new highly chlorinated 1-methyleneallyl ("butadienyl") dialkyl phosphates and related phosphonates and phosphinates has been synthesized and assessed for anthelmintic activity in mice against the tapeworm Hymenolepis nana and the pinworm Syphacia obvelata. Highest activity was observed with diethyl 2,3,3-trichloro-1-dichloromethyleneallyl ("perchlorobutadienyl") phosphate (14), while replacement of both ethoxy groups by methoxy and larger alkoxy or phenyl groups gave less efficacious compounds. In general, chlorine depletion of the 1,3 butadien-2-yl moiety or saturation of one double bond reduced anthelmintic responses. PMID- 1238571 TI - Molecular connectivity. 4. Relationships to biological activities. PMID- 1238572 TI - The effects of different blood-meal sources on digestion and egg production in Culex tarsalis Coq. (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 1238573 TI - D-glucose permeability of black lipid membranes modified by human erythrocyte membrane fractions. AB - The D-glucose permeabilities of bimolecular lipid membranes formed from egg lecithin, cholesterol and human erythrocyte membrane fractions obtained using several fractionation procedures have been measured in order to assess their monosaccharide transport activity. The electrical properties of the bilayers containing the membrane fractions have also been measured and the bilayer thicknesses calculated. The observed D-glucose permeability coefficients are several orders of magnitude lower than that of the human erythrocyte membrane, indicating that none of the membrane fractions possessed significant glucose carrier activity. It is concluded that more refined techniques for incorporating membrane fractions into BLMs will be necessary before the monosaccharide transport system can be simulated in vitro. PMID- 1238576 TI - An introduction to the development of screening criteria for the Mississippi Professional Standards Review Organization. PMID- 1238575 TI - Direct measurement of the membrane potential of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: lack of effect of valinomycin and ouabain. AB - The membrane potential of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and the effects of valinomycin and ouabain upon it have been determined. The membrane potential in control cells was 12.0 mV, inside negative. Neither valinomycin nor ouabain alone affected this value. However, valinomycin and ouabain in combination resulted in a slight hyperpolarization of the membrane. Concomitant determinations of cellular Na+, K+ and Cl- showed that valinomycin induced net losses of K+ and Cl- and a net gain in Na+ when compared to ouabain-inhibited cells. K+ permeability was increased by approximately 30% in the presence of valinomycin. In addition, valinomycin caused a rapid depletion of cellular ATP. Inhibition of Na/K transport by ouabain was without sparing effect on the rate of ATP depletion. Possible mechanisms for the electroneutral increase in K+ permeability induced by valinomycin are discussed. PMID- 1238577 TI - The refined crystal structure of bovine beta-trypsin at 1.8 A resolution. I. Crystallization, data collection and application of patterson search technique. PMID- 1238579 TI - "Periodisch Structurierte Korper" (PSK) in the perivitelline space of rat and mouse embryos. PMID- 1238578 TI - Dinoflagellate ribosomal RNA; an evolutionary relic? AB - The apparent molecular weights of the rRNA subunits of the dinoflagellate Peridinium cinctum fa. westii were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to obtain an indication of its evolutionary status. The apparent molecular weights of the Peridinium light and heavy rRNA subunits were 0.7 and 1.23 X 10(6) respectively. The light rRNA is therefore typically eukaryotic but the heavy rRNA has a significantly lower MW than previously reported for higher eukaryotes which range from 1.3 to 1.75 X 10(6) depending on their evolutionary position. Thus by this criterion Peridinium is similar to red algae and may represent a eukaryotic stage, lower than fungi or green plants. PMID- 1238581 TI - Detrusor and urethral electromyelography. PMID- 1238580 TI - Bacteriophage T4 baseplate components. I. Binding and location of the folic acid. AB - Two different proteins with high affinities for the pteridine ring of folic acid have been used to determine the location of this portion of the folate molecule in the tail plate of T4D and other T-even bacteriophage particles. The two proteins used were (i) antibody specific for folic acid and (ii) the folate binding protein from bovine milk. Both proteins were examined for their effect on various intact and incomplete phage particles. Intact T2H was weakly inactivated by the antiserum but not by the milk protein. No other intact T-even phage, including T4D, was affected by these two proteins. When incomplete T4D particles were exposed in an in vitro morphogenesis system, it was found that neither of the two proteins affected either the addition of the long tail fibers to fiberless particles or the addition of tail cores to tail plates. On the other hand, these two proteins specifically blocked the addition of T4D gene 11 product to the bottom of T4D baseplates. After the addition of the gene 11 protein, these two reagents did not inhibit the further addition of the gene 12 protein to the baseplate. It can be concluded that the phage folic acid is a tightly bound baseplate constituent and that the pteridine portion of the folic acid is largely covered by the gene 11 protein. PMID- 1238582 TI - Effect of halogens and ozone on Schistosoma ova. PMID- 1238584 TI - [Effects of hypothermia with ether anesthesia on the function of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 1238583 TI - [Effects of intravenous anesthetics on pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET). Comparative evaluation of propanidid, ketamine, Ct-1341 and thiamylal]. PMID- 1238585 TI - [Effect of lactated ringer solution with 2 percent gelatin on the circulatory and respiratory systems]. PMID- 1238586 TI - [Effects of various intravenous anesthetics on acid-base balance in children and some clinical observations]. PMID- 1238588 TI - [Therapeutic experiences with 1,133 cases of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 1238587 TI - [Untoward effect of monomeric methylmethacrylate cement on the respiratory system during surgery]. PMID- 1238589 TI - [Pain after trigeminal nerve block]. PMID- 1238591 TI - [Myocardial infarction during anesthesia - with special reference to a case in the aged]. PMID- 1238590 TI - [Axillary block of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 1238593 TI - [New development in the study of cardiac function: introduction]. PMID- 1238594 TI - [Contractile function of the heart. Cardiac function in relation to cardiac anatomy]. PMID- 1238592 TI - [Anesthesia for laparotomy in a patient with anomalous pulmonary venous connection]. PMID- 1238595 TI - [Contractile function of the heart. Myocardial contraction based on molecular physiology]. PMID- 1238596 TI - [Action mechanism of cardiac glycosides on myocardial contraction]. PMID- 1238597 TI - [Contractile function of the heart. Dynamic model of the heart]. PMID- 1238598 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Cineangiocardiographic observation of the changes of the left ventricular volume and other in vivo phenomena(intracardiac pressure, cardiac sounds and electrocardiography]. PMID- 1238599 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Left ventricular dilatation and elasticity of the left ventricular wall--ultrasound cardiographic evaluation]. PMID- 1238600 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Aortic compliance - with special reference to an observation in various stress conditions]. PMID- 1238601 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Compliance of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1238602 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Relationship between the pressure and circulating blood volume of the venae cavae]. PMID- 1238603 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Descending Starling curve]. PMID- 1238605 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Cardiac function from the viewpoint of heart surgery]. PMID- 1238604 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship. Neurogenic control of cardiac output]. PMID- 1238606 TI - [Circulatory physiology of the artificial heart]. PMID- 1238607 TI - [Congenital heart defects. Hypoplasia of the aortic tract]. PMID- 1238608 TI - [Mitral valve insufficiency due to rupture of the chordae tendinea - etiology of mitral valve insufficiency and its diagnosis by left ventricular radiography and ultrasound cardiography]. PMID- 1238609 TI - [Systemic conditions responsible for dermatological symptoms. 7. Sclerosis]. PMID- 1238610 TI - [Biopsy findings of the kidney in Behcet's disease with a chronic course]. PMID- 1238611 TI - [Clinical observation of hypernatremia with cerebrovascular disorder]. PMID- 1238612 TI - [Effect of the reflex of the carotid sinus on the heart rate and atrial conduction time]. PMID- 1238613 TI - [Recurrent cranial neuropathy in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1238614 TI - [Zieve's syndrome]. PMID- 1238615 TI - [Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Analytical methods and its values]. PMID- 1238616 TI - [Autopsy study of teratoma of the spinal cord]. PMID- 1238617 TI - [Autopsy study of malignant reticulohistiocytosis simulating so-called lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 1238618 TI - [Case of giant, solitary lymphoma originating in the mesentry]. PMID- 1238619 TI - [Autopsy study of spinal cord disease developing 7 years after cobalt radiation treatment]. PMID- 1238620 TI - [Autopsy study of a case of primary familial amyloidosis suggestive of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy(SMON)]. PMID- 1238622 TI - [The concept of the regional medical system]. PMID- 1238621 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency due to ischemic heart disease - hypertension, ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1238623 TI - [Organizational theory of the regional medical system - administrative point of view]. PMID- 1238624 TI - [Organizational theory of the regional medical system - physician point of view]. PMID- 1238625 TI - [Organizational theory of the regional medical system - viewpoints of para medical - professions and public health nursing]. PMID- 1238626 TI - [Organizational theory of the regional medical system - in relation to medical education]. PMID- 1238627 TI - [Technical theory of the regional medical system - telephone transmission of the electrocardiographic data]. PMID- 1238629 TI - [Technical theory of the regional medical system - television transmission system for radiography]. PMID- 1238628 TI - [Technical theory of the regional medical system - telephone transmission of fetal data]. PMID- 1238630 TI - [Technical theory of the regional medical system - planning of the operation of community health services and public health information systems]. PMID- 1238631 TI - [Role of medical associations in stabilization of regional medical system, with special reference to planning of multichannel medical systems(MMS)]. PMID- 1238633 TI - [Role of each component of the regional medical system and its future - research institutions (Universities and laboratories)]. PMID- 1238632 TI - [Role of each component of the regional medical system and its future - hospitals and clinics in the community]. PMID- 1238634 TI - [Role of each component of the regional medical system and its future - central laboratories]. PMID- 1238635 TI - [Role of each component of the regional helath system and its future - problems and future of automated multiphasic health testing and services(AMHTS)]. PMID- 1238636 TI - [Role of each component of the regional health system and its future - the public health clinic]. PMID- 1238637 TI - [Regional medical system and public health]. PMID- 1238638 TI - [Future of the regional medical system - with special reference to its social assessment]. PMID- 1238639 TI - [Problems of the regional medical system - legal viewpoint]. PMID- 1238640 TI - [Problems of the regional medical system - physicians' point of view]. PMID- 1238641 TI - [Regional medical programs in Japan---formation of a medical system built around a central hospital for isolated areas and islands]. PMID- 1238643 TI - [Regional medical programs in Japan - emergency medical information system developed in Kanagawa prefecture]. PMID- 1238642 TI - [Regional medical programs in Japan - medical system in areas with heavy snowfall]. PMID- 1238644 TI - [Regional medical programs in Japan - the current status and evaluation of a health care plan in a New Town]. PMID- 1238645 TI - [Regional medical programs in Japan - preventive care system]. PMID- 1238646 TI - [Regional medical programs overseas - the status and the concept of Health Maintenance Organization(HMO) in the United State]. PMID- 1238647 TI - [Regional medical programs of the world - changes in the Regional Medical programs in the United States]. PMID- 1238648 TI - [Regional medical program of the world - regional medical information system in Missouri?]. PMID- 1238649 TI - Regional medical programs of the world - the regional medical program and National Health Service(NHS) in Great Britain. PMID- 1238650 TI - [Regional medical programs of the world - medical programs in isolated areas in Sweden]. PMID- 1238651 TI - [Regional mecal programs of the world - Flying Doctor Service - a method in delivery of medical care in Australia]. PMID- 1238652 TI - [Congenital heart defects. Premature closure (or narrowing) of the foramen ovale]. PMID- 1238653 TI - Systemic conditions responsible for dermatological symptoms. Atrophy. PMID- 1238654 TI - [So-called adenomyoma of the gall bladder]. PMID- 1238656 TI - [Relationship between the cardiac vector and effective transfer impedance - representation of the data using a single equivalent dipole]. PMID- 1238655 TI - [Designing of a polarcardiometer and evaluation of its reliability]. PMID- 1238657 TI - [Vectorcardiography - studies of fascicular block, with special reference to QRS changes to interruption of the left fascicular branch and the right bundle]. PMID- 1238658 TI - [Frank's lead vectorcardiography in intermittent right fascicular block]. PMID- 1238660 TI - [Immune complex and complement. Complement - current development]. PMID- 1238659 TI - [Role of immune complex and immunogenicity]. PMID- 1238661 TI - [Immune complex and complement. Complement fixation and tissue injuries]. PMID- 1238662 TI - [Immune complex and complement. Binding of complement to immune complex]. PMID- 1238663 TI - [Rheumatoid factor and immune complex]. PMID- 1238664 TI - [Immune complex and disturbances of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium]. PMID- 1238665 TI - [Nephritis and immune complex]. PMID- 1238666 TI - [Congenital heart defects. Fetal coarctation of the aorta]. PMID- 1238668 TI - [Systemic conditions responsible for dermatological symptoms. Bulla (1)]. PMID- 1238667 TI - [Scleroderma and the heart - diagnosis of scleroderma and cardiac symptoms]. PMID- 1238669 TI - [Case of fulminant, HB antigen-associated hepatitis probably caused by blood transfusion during the clinical course of Caplan's syndrome]. PMID- 1238670 TI - [Analysis of the P loop in vectorcardiography with Frank lead system, with special reference to the effects of the sex and age]. PMID- 1238671 TI - [T loop observed in patients with angina pectoris (with notes on sex-related characteristics]. PMID- 1238672 TI - [Relationship between VCG T loop and distribution of ST-T surface potentials]. PMID- 1238673 TI - [Evaluation of factors responsible for an increase of the lower component in vectorcardiography]. PMID- 1238674 TI - [The focal points in laboratory diagnosis of viral infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238675 TI - [Case of intercostal tumor of the right thorax]. PMID- 1238676 TI - [Case of malignant small cell carcinoma originating in the thyroid]. PMID- 1238677 TI - [Malignant leiomyoblastoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 1238679 TI - [Case of ovarian tumor]. PMID- 1238678 TI - [Orbital tumor]. PMID- 1238681 TI - [Studies on revaluation of determination of biochemical components in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (2)-Establishment of optimal conditions for protein determination in urine and cerebrospinal fluid by Meulemans' method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238680 TI - [Bladder tumor with positive urinary catecholamine reaction]. PMID- 1238682 TI - [Color fading of a hemoglobin measurement reagent (Van Kampen solution) caused by changes of a ferric consituent, and the reservation of activity of the reagent (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238683 TI - [A serial colorimetric determination of total bilirubin and total protein in serum with diazo-coupling reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238685 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study on the gastric mucosal surface-I (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238684 TI - [Studies on immunochemical determination of serum thymol and zinc turbidity tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238686 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study on the gastric mucosal surface-II. On the tumorous lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238687 TI - [Bone scanning with 18F]. PMID- 1238689 TI - [Bone neoplasms and osteomyelitis]. PMID- 1238688 TI - [Differential diagnosis of bone neoplasms--a radiographic viewpoint]. PMID- 1238691 TI - [Management of esophageal neoplasms (1)]. PMID- 1238690 TI - [Simple cranial radiography of head injuries in children]. PMID- 1238692 TI - [Radiation protection. (10). Patient protection in urogenital x-ray tests]. PMID- 1238693 TI - [Radiography and pathology of bone neoplasms]. PMID- 1238694 TI - [Radiographic patterns and pathology of bone neoplasms]. PMID- 1238695 TI - [Differential diagnosis of bone neoplasms--an orthopedic viewpoint]. PMID- 1238696 TI - [Some problems in the diagnosis of bone neoplasms]. PMID- 1238697 TI - [Differential diagnosis of bone neoplasms--radiographic examination]. PMID- 1238698 TI - [Differential diagnosis of bone neoplasms radioisotope scanning]. PMID- 1238699 TI - [Lymphography in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1238700 TI - [Clinical study of thyroid lymphography]. PMID- 1238701 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of nodular goiter]. PMID- 1238702 TI - [Surgical investigation of cases of stomach cancer found at mass gastric examination: significance and evaluation of mass gastric examination conducted annually]. PMID- 1238703 TI - [Relationship between bilocular(Hourglass) gallbladder to intramural stones of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1238704 TI - [2 cases of thorotrast retention]. PMID- 1238705 TI - [Congenital cervical hernia of the lung]. PMID- 1238706 TI - [Case of esophageal cancer with varied histological patterns: a comparison with carcinosarcoma]. PMID- 1238707 TI - [Diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with chest x-ray as a clue, with special reference to diagnosis by angiography]. PMID- 1238708 TI - [Ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 1238709 TI - [Tumor scintigraphy. 3. Otorhinolaryngologic field]. PMID- 1238710 TI - [Radiation protection in pediatric radiology]. PMID- 1238711 TI - [RAST in atopic dermatitis and other various dermatose (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238712 TI - [8-Methoxypsoralen phototherapy of psoriasis vulgaris (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238713 TI - [8-Methoxypsoralen phototherapy of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238714 TI - [Studies on atopic dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238715 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity and infection defense mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238716 TI - [Study on cellular immunity and immunotherapy of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238717 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238718 TI - [Some problems of inflammatory cells in the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238720 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on dermal infiltrating cells in some skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238719 TI - [A study on the cellular infiltration in subcutaneous tissue with special regard to histiocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238722 TI - [Nucleic acid metabolism in epidermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238721 TI - [Cellular infiltration observed with an esterase dye]. PMID- 1238723 TI - [Cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in normal and pathological epidermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238724 TI - [Biochemical study of nucleases in cow snout epidermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238725 TI - [DNA repair: studies on the mechanisms of DNA repair in human, based on the experiments with xeroderma pigmentosum cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238726 TI - [DNA and skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238727 TI - [DNA repair replication in xeroderma pigmentosum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238728 TI - [DNA repair synthesis in xeroderma pigmentosum nuclei in heterokaryons (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238729 TI - [Serologic aspects of cutaneous sporotrichosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238730 TI - [Chronic gastritis in various gastric diseases among Japanese, with special reference to pathological classification of chronic gastritis and its relation to stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 1238731 TI - [Morphological studies of gastric vasoconstriction, with special reference to ulcerative changes induced by restraint]. PMID- 1238732 TI - [A case report of multiseptate gallbladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238733 TI - [Significance of endoscopic pancreatocholangiography in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms]. PMID- 1238734 TI - [Postoperative choledochoscopy and its clinical significance]. PMID- 1238735 TI - [Bacteriological studies of the bile in biliary tract diseases, with special reference to anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 1238736 TI - [Clinical studies of amylase isoenzyme]. PMID- 1238737 TI - [Management of liver neoplasms]. PMID- 1238738 TI - [Disorder of the function of the terminal of the biliary tract (the papillary region)]. PMID- 1238739 TI - [Effect of emotional stress on gastric secreation - its significance in the etiology of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1238740 TI - [Nervous system manifestation of digestive organ diseases: on the interrelationship of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238741 TI - [Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of ursodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 1238742 TI - [Evaluation of progressive gastric cancer simulating the early stge]. PMID- 1238743 TI - [Serum gastrin levels in diseases of the upper digestive system (chiefly peptic ulcer)]. PMID- 1238744 TI - [Effects of glucagon on exocrine pancreatic secretion following pancreatoduodenectomy]. PMID- 1238745 TI - [Differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice by endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography]. PMID- 1238746 TI - [Effects of anticancer drugs on protein synthesis of the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 1238747 TI - [Analysis of trypsin inhibitor level and its fluctuation in pancreatic and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 1238748 TI - [Histochemical study of medium-chain, neutral fat, glucose and iron uptake in the intestinal-type epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 1238749 TI - [Regional blood flow of the gastric mucosa--a comparison between the corpus and antrum]. PMID- 1238750 TI - [Three cases of choledochal cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238751 TI - [A case of Crohn's colitis with gastrocolic and enterocolic and enterocolic fistulas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238752 TI - [Constitutional defect in indocyanine green (ICG) excretion with normal results in BSP test (complication of the nationwide survey up to 1974)]. PMID- 1238753 TI - [Gastric secretion mechanism in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 1238754 TI - [Lymphocyte stimulation test in halothane-induced hepatic injury and its clinical observation]. PMID- 1238755 TI - [Three cases of intestinal behcet with review of literature in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238756 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies on biopsy specimens of the human duodenal mucosa. (1) Ultrastructure of the surface of normal duodenal mucosa]. PMID- 1238757 TI - [Colonic cancer complicating tuberculosis of the colon]. PMID- 1238758 TI - [Comparative studies on defective indocyanine green excretion by the liver in patients with and without Gilbert's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238759 TI - [Effect of ethanol on cholesterol metabolism, with special reference to cholesterol biosynthesis, degradation and excretion of bile acids]. PMID- 1238760 TI - [Detection of HB-antigen in autopsy studies, with special reference to the cases with the history of blood transfusion]. PMID- 1238761 TI - [Comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods in liver cancer metastasized from the stomach]. PMID- 1238762 TI - [Gastric emptying in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1238763 TI - [Experimental studies on gastrin radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 1238764 TI - [Experimental studies on prolonged antigenic stimulation and significance of histamine in chronic liver injuries]. PMID- 1238765 TI - [Experimental studies on the intrapancreatic growth and infiltration of pancreatic neoplasms no. 1]. PMID- 1238766 TI - [Experimental studies on the intrapancreatic growth and infiltration of pancreatic neoplasms. 2]. PMID- 1238767 TI - [Study on half-clearance time of carbon monoxide hemoglobin in blood at hyperbaric oxygen therapy (OHP) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238768 TI - [Nutritional value of S-methylcysteine sulfoxide. (IV). Effect of S methylcysteine sulfoxide supplement on rats fed a high protein-, low protein- and commercial-diet (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238770 TI - [Influence of age on the susceptibility of mice to Japanese encephalitis virus infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238771 TI - [Hypertension in the aged: (1) Prevalence and complications]. PMID- 1238769 TI - [Effect of hydrofluoric acid burn on glucose metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238772 TI - [Hypertension in the aged. (2) Physiopathology of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 1238773 TI - [Hypertension in the aged. (3) Characteristics of hemodynamics]. PMID- 1238774 TI - [Hypertension in the aged. (4) Renal and hormonal factors]. PMID- 1238775 TI - [Hypertension in the aged. (5) Cerebral circulation]. PMID- 1238776 TI - [Hypertension in the aged. (6) Antihypertensive treatment]. PMID- 1238777 TI - Dermatoglyphic study of forty males with 47, XXY karyotype. PMID- 1238778 TI - Effects of paternal and maternal inbreeding on mortality and sterility in the Fukuoka population. PMID- 1238779 TI - A case of male Turner's syndrome with XXYY sex chromosome constitution. PMID- 1238780 TI - Genetic polymorphism of the third complement component (C'3) in Japanese. PMID- 1238781 TI - A de novo translocation t(6q+; 15q-) in a boy with trisomy 21. PMID- 1238782 TI - Pattern intensity of fingers in twins. PMID- 1238783 TI - Frequency of X-chromatin or Y-chromatin positive cells in twins. PMID- 1238784 TI - Gm and Km allotypes of the Taiwanese. PMID- 1238785 TI - A new red cell phosphoglucomutase variant in the Japanese. PMID- 1238786 TI - Inbreeding in Japan: Results of a nation-wide study. PMID- 1238787 TI - [Morphometrical analysis of the vascular system]. PMID- 1238788 TI - [Biomedical application of ultrasonic holography]. PMID- 1238789 TI - [Skin impedance and its relation to the multi-layer configuration of epidermal stratum corneum]. PMID- 1238790 TI - [Light scattering and motility of spermatozoa]. PMID- 1238791 TI - [Analysis of the left ventriclar pressure pulses and characteristics of the catheter-manometer system]. PMID- 1238792 TI - [Characteristics of the biological system (1). An overview]. PMID- 1238793 TI - [Functional imaging of the kidney by an on-line computer system]. PMID- 1238794 TI - [Liver scintigraphy by 99mTc-Sn-colloid. (II) Its diagnostic value and clinical application (comparison with 198Au-colloid)]. PMID- 1238795 TI - [Development and clinical application of a simple ultramicro-analysis of human growth hormone]. PMID- 1238796 TI - [Vitamin B12 absorption test by a whole body counter (plastic scintillator). (1) Experimental study]. PMID- 1238797 TI - [Experimental studies on the clinical application of human TSH radiommunoassay]. PMID- 1238798 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum TSH in hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunctions and thyroid diseases]. PMID- 1238799 TI - [Measurement of the left ventricular volume and ejection fraction by ECG-gated radioisotope angiocardiography--comparison with x-ray cineangiographic measurement]. PMID- 1238800 TI - [Clinical experiences with pulmonary circulation scanning by 99mTc-MAA]. PMID- 1238801 TI - [Experimental and clinical examinations of a gastrin radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 1238802 TI - [Pulmonary circulation scanning by 99mTc-MAA]. PMID- 1238803 TI - [Editorial: Various aspects of respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1238804 TI - [Monocyte enzyme activity in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1238805 TI - [Application of the expired gas analyzer for the measurement of "closing volume" and its clinical evaluation]. PMID- 1238806 TI - [Clinical study of closing volume]. PMID- 1238807 TI - [Autopsy study of sarcoidosis in an aged patient (an 81-year-old female)]. PMID- 1238808 TI - [A case of pediculate neurofibroma of the visceral pleura (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238809 TI - Editorial: Problems in infectious respiratory diseases. PMID- 1238810 TI - [Clinical electron microscopy of lung diseases - with special reference to alterations of alveolar epithelial cells]. PMID- 1238811 TI - [Clinical and electron microscopic studies of desquamative interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 1238812 TI - [Pathological study of Wegener's granulomatosis - with special reference to pathological changes of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 1238813 TI - [A case report of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis with multiple nodular shadows on the chest roentogenogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238814 TI - [Editorial: Respiratory diseases and surgical management]. PMID- 1238815 TI - [Effects of long-term exposure to sulfur dioxide of low concentration on the respiratory system of the mouse. 2. Electron microscopic observation]. PMID- 1238816 TI - [Pathological studies on bronchial asthma--statistical observations on bronchial lesions]. PMID- 1238817 TI - [Metabolism and actions of vasoactive substances in the lung. (2) Effects of mixtures of prostaglandins F and E of various concentrations on tracheal muscle responsiveness]. PMID- 1238818 TI - [Case of pulmonary hematoma with difficulty in diagnosis]. PMID- 1238819 TI - [A case of mediastinal arteriovenous fistula. Classification on thoracic arteriovenous fistula and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238820 TI - [Tracheobronchial reconstruction]. PMID- 1238821 TI - [Endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 1238822 TI - [Advances in supportive technics in open heart surgery--general considerations- ]. PMID- 1238823 TI - [Multiple aneurysms of the left subclavian artery]. PMID- 1238824 TI - [Myasthenia gravis associated with hyperthyroidism--3 cases and their management]. PMID- 1238825 TI - [Infantile lobar emphysema]. PMID- 1238826 TI - [Surgical management of transposition of great vessels--Rastelli's method]. PMID- 1238828 TI - [Carcinoid tumor possibly of a thymic origin--a surgical case]. PMID- 1238827 TI - [Successful management of annulo-aortic ectasia with Bentall's method]. PMID- 1238829 TI - [A case of so-called mediastinal lymph-node hyperplasia (Castleman) with a review of literature]. PMID- 1238830 TI - [Open treatment of empyema and its problems, with special reference to the management of Pseudomonas infections]. PMID- 1238831 TI - [Intrathoracic neoplasm arising from the vagus nerve--a case report]. PMID- 1238832 TI - [Heparin therapy in extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1238833 TI - [Observations on the gastrointestinal movements of the tortoise (Geoclemys reevesii) by means of the abdominal-window-technique]. AB - In the tortoise the gastrointestinal movements were observed utilizing the abdominal-window-technique. The results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) So far as the intestine was exposed to the atmosphere both in vivo and in vitro, the intestine was motionless in most cases. On the other hand, the abdominal window-technique proved to be very useful to observe the gastrointestinal movements. (2) The operation was carried out under the aseptic precaution as follows: First the back of the animal was removed at its left side to make a retangular window of 8 X 1.5-4 cm, then ovaries and fallopian tubes on the left side were removed and lastly the window thus formed was covered with a 0.2 mm thick, transparent vinyl-plate, being sutured at its border to the back. In addition, the border of the window plate was firmly sticked to the back by means of adhesives, Aron Alpha A and Araldite. (3) a. In the region of the stomach situated just anal to the cardia contractions (stomach peristalses) recurrently started with a time interval of 21 to 32 sec, sweeping down the wall of the stomach with a velocity of 0.5 to 0.9 mm/sec, until they came to an end at the pylorus. b. In the small intestine, there recurrently occurred contraction waves with a time interval of about 45 seconds, traveling analwards with a velocity of about 0.3 mm/sec. c. In the large intestine, there were observed two kinds of movements, i.e., antiperistalses as well as mass peristalses. In the former contraction waves recurrently started at the anal end (coprodaeum) of the large intestine with a time interval of 18 to 25 sec, propagating oralwards with a velocity of about 1 min/sec, until they waned rapidly to disappear after propagating only a short distance (about 2 to 3 cm). In the latter powerful contractions occasionally started at the uppermost part of the large intestine to propagate analwards at first slowly with a velocity of about 0.15 mm/sec, and then rapidly with a velocity of about 0.5 mm/sec, until they arrived at the proctodaeum to expel a fecal mass 7 to 8 mm thick and 15 mm long. PMID- 1238835 TI - [A gastro-electromyographical study on selective vagotomy and proximal selective vagotomy in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - The gastro-electromyographical changes after vagotomy were studied by means of chronic in-situ experiments on eighteen dogs. Basic electric rhythms (slow spikes) were classified into normo-peristalsis and anti-peristalsis. The periodical rhythm of normo-peristalsis was partly disturbed after selective vagotomy but was more regular after feeding. Normally, rate changes of normo peristalsis show typical patterns depending on the types of meals. These distinctive features were observed more clearly in S.V. and S.P.V. dogs. The incidence of normo-peristalsis and anti-peristalsis during fasting was high in normal dogs and low in S.V. dogs by night. A high level of anti-peristalsis occurred at the antrum in S.V. dogs. Thus, the numbers of normo-peristaltic waves reaching the antrum were decreased in S.V. dogs. After feeding, anti-peristalsis decreased in S.V. dogs but increased in normal dogs. Anti-peristalsis tended to occur in succession with a short cycle just like extra-systole. The author noted that sometimes anti-peristalsis was propagated towards both the orad and the pylorus simultaneously. In both S.V. and S.P.V. dogs, the denervated corpus seemed to have similar functions. On the other hand, in both the S.P.V. and normal dogs, the antrum seemed to function similarly. PMID- 1238834 TI - [Effects of various agents and transmural electric stimulation on the motility of isolated bile duct of the dolphin (Stenella caeruleoalbus) (author's transl)]. AB - The isolated bile duct preparations, which contain the duodenal circular muscle, and the proper bile duct muscle preparations in the dolphin (Stenella caeruleoalbus) were used and their longitudinal motilities were recorded by means of strain gauge transducer. 1. Raising the intraluminal pressure produced the augmentation of the motility of the bile duct preparation. 2. Acetylcholine and carbamylcholine caused the increase of the motility of the bile duct preparations. After atropinization the excitatory response was completely abolished. 3. Adrenaline caused the inhibitory response more predominantly than the excitatory one in the bile duct preparations, while in the proper bile duct muscle preparations it induced the excitatory response more predominantly than the inhibitory one. Phenylephrine produced mainly the excitatory effect in both preparations, while isoprenaline did chiefly the inhibitory one. These experimental results suggest that activation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the bile duct muscle causes the excitatory and inhibitory responses, respectively. 4. Transmural electric stimulation induced both excitatory and inhibitory responses in the bile duct preparation. The former response was abolished after atropinization, while the latter one was not. It may be, therefore, suggested that the excitatory response was induced by stimulation of cholinergic neurons, while the inhibitory one was produced by that of the adrenergic fibers and non-adrenergic inhibitory neurons. PMID- 1238836 TI - [An atropine-resistant contraction of dog's stomach in response to stimulation of the vagus and splanchnic nerves (author's transl)]. AB - 1. A study was made in vivo experiments of a contraction of stomach of the dog to stimulation of the extrinsic nerves, medulla oblongata and thoracic cord in the presence of atropine. 2. An atropine-resistant contraction of stomach was produced without accompanying any preceding relaxation of stomach motility. It seems to deny that an atropine-resistant contraction appears to be a rebound phenomenon. 3. An atropine-resistant contraction was produced in prolonged stimulation. A delay of latency to produce a contraction of stomach was more than 27 sec and a contraction was decreased in amplitude and frequency in the presence of atropine. PMID- 1238837 TI - [Photo-optical observation on gastric motility after antrum preserving gastrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The movement of the stomach after gastrectomy was studied by cine-fluoroscopic and photo-optical technique in patients undergoing pylorus preserving gastrectomy (pyloric canal being preserved approximately 1.5 cm in 8 cases; group A) or antrum preserving gastrectomy (pyloric antrum being preserved 3-5 cm in 16 cases; group B). All patients were operated on in our clinic for a benign lesion located near the angle of the stomach. RESULTS: 1) In the early postoperative period, the oral gastric remnants showed remarkable dilatation in group A. The dilatation was also observed in group B, but less prominent. 2) For the recovery from the gastric dilatation and reappearance of gastric motility, it took much more time in group A than in group B. 3) Co-ordinated movements across the anastomotic site were recognized about one month after operation in group B and about two months in group A. 4) Antiperistalsis at the preserved antrum during an early postoperative period was observed in 2 of 16 cases in group B. The antiperistalsis in the two cases turned into normo-peristalsis in about two months. 5) From the results obtained, the preserved antrum showed an excellent functional drainage effect and plays an important role for the transportation of the gastric content. 6) In conclusion, antrum preserving gastrectomy results in a good postoperative gastric motility and is an excellent operative method for the benign lesions located near the angle of the stomach. PMID- 1238838 TI - [Electromyogram of bovine abomasum (author's transl)]. AB - The electrical activities in abomasum were studied on the normal and left abomasal displaced cows. Electromyograms were obtained using eight bipolar-needle electrodes fixed by suture in the serosal surface of the various portions of the abomasum; one in the cardia, three in the fundus, and four in the pylorus. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In the cardia and fundus, the repetetive but irregular spikeburst was observed. 2. In the pylorus, the single spike followed by the spikeburst was observed. These spikes were rhythmic and propagative. The propagation velocity in the pylorus was shown the tendency to increase with approach to the pyloric canall. The electomyographic pattern in the cows was similar to goats except the discharge interval was longer in cattles than in goats. 3. The electrical activities in the abomasum received the left abomasal displacement showed the higher amplitude, the more prolonged discharge interval and accerelated propagation velocity than in controls. PMID- 1238839 TI - [The role of the intramural ganglion cells taken in the ileo-colic motilities of the catfish (Parasilurus asotus) (author's transl)]. AB - In catfishes the role of the intramural ganglion cells taken in the ileo-colic motilities were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) When the stomach was half full of contents, the gastric peristalses recurrently occurred at the cardia, traveling caudad to come to an end at the pylorus. (2) In the duodenum contractions were produced here and there, traveling both caudad and orad, to mingle the contents with each other, respectively. (3) Along its whole length the ileum often fell in a more or less tonically contracted state, resulting in the retardation of the transfer of the duodenal contents. Furthermore, the effect described above was increased by powerful contractions which were occasionally produced here and there to travel in both directions only a short distance. (4) When the large intestine was moderately full of contents, powerful contractions produced in the caudal half of the ileum frequently traveled caudally to expel the contents out of the anus. (5) The supravital staining with methylene blue solution revealed that the myenteric plexus existed, whereas the submucous plexus did not contain the nerve cells. In the former, thick nerve bundles without forming meshworks took their course along the long axis of the intestine, accepting many finer axons coming from the nerve cells, which were not in groups, but lay sporadically, although they showed a tendency to increase their number in the area close to the nerve bundles. Any sign of the intrinsic mucosal reflex was not observed with the stimulation either of a spot (by rubbing with cotton) or of the whole surface (by raising the intraluminal pressure) of the mucosa of the intestine. These facts suggest that in catfishes the intramural ganglion cells have no function to regulate the strength as well as the direction of propagation of the contraction waves. PMID- 1238840 TI - [Effects of physostigmine and duvadilan on an atropine-resistant contraction of dog's stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of atropine, physostigmine, duvadilan and tetrodotoxin on the mechanical activity of the longitudinal muscle preparation of dog's stomach in vitro experiments and on the motility of stomach in the same animal in vivo experiments were investigated. 1. The latency of an atropine-resistant contraction which was produced by stimulation of vagus nerve was increased in period in accordance with the augmentation of concentration of atropine in vitro experiments. 2. Physostigmine reconstructed the atropine-resistant contraction which was abolished by duvadilan as well as the cholinergic contraction which was abolished by atropine in vivo experiments. 3. Duvadilan abolished the cholinergic and atropine-resistant contractions in vitro, but in vivo experiments duvadilan abolished only the atropine-resistant contraction. 4. An atropine-resistant contraction was completely abolished by administration of tetrodotoxin. But the direct electrical stimulation of the muscle caused the contraction of it which was blocked by tetrodotoxin. PMID- 1238841 TI - [Pharmacological studies on terminal biliary duct with particular reference to effects of prostaglandins and a few other drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Numerous studies have been reported on the roles of the terminal portion of biliary duct in the mechanism of bile excretion. There is as yet no generally agreed conclusion as to functional independence of terminal biliary duct, however. The present study has been performed in rabbits to investigate the effects of prostaglandins and a few other drugs on the terminal portion of common bile duct, with the results leading to the following conclusions: 1) The group of muscles comprising the terminal biliary duct of rabbit intercommunicate with the duodenal longitudinal muscle and no histologic evidence has been observed for the presence of any independent sphincter in this portion. 2) The terminal biliary duct and the adjoining segment of the duodenum display practically the same attitudes on electromyograms. 3) The internal pressures of the duodenum and common bile duct were noted to show changes coinciding with electric discharges in the duodenum or terminal biliary duct, respectively, and not to affect each other. 4) The interrelations observed between discharge and flow rate or internal pressure of the terminal biliary duct indicate that the muscles of this portion possess the function as sphincter. It is suggested, therefore, that bile excretion into the duodenal lumen is effected primarily by relaxation of the terminal biliary duct. 5) Prostaglandin E2 has proven to behave differently toward discharges in the duodenum and terminal biliary duct, viz., facilitation in the former and inhibition in the latter. It would follow that these structures serve mutually independent functions. 6) The effects of prostaglandins on the duodenum and the terminal portion of common bile duct are considered to stem from their direct actions on the musculatures of these regions. 7) The findings stress importance of observations with biologically active substances in tissues in the study aimed at clarification of the biliary excretory function. PMID- 1238842 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on the mechanism of renal stone formation with special reference to changes in the proximal tubular lumen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238843 TI - [Radiologic studies of tumor localization of adrenal diseases in the past 10 years (1965 to 1974) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238844 TI - [A clinical study on renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238846 TI - [The late results of ileal conduit diversion: with a special reference to the survival rate on bladder malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238845 TI - [Hyperthermic treatment for the bladder tumor. I. Clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238847 TI - Disinfectant effects of several chemicals against Toxoplasma oocysts. PMID- 1238848 TI - An in vitro study on lymphocyte-mediated immunity in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 1238849 TI - Latent infection of toxoplasma in swine. PMID- 1238850 TI - Histology of the developmental process of the femoral diaphysis and its pathological significance in broiler chickens. PMID- 1238851 TI - Juxtaglomerular cell granules in the developmental mesonephros and metanephros of swine embryos. PMID- 1238852 TI - Field surveys on coccidial infection in broilers in Japan--results obtained in autumn and winter and summarized in 1973. PMID- 1238853 TI - Distribution and excretion of 3H-cyclocytidine in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 1238854 TI - [Intrinsic innervation of isolated smooth muscle of ruminant forestomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238855 TI - The effect of overlay medium on plaque formation of tissue culture-attenuated Newcastle disease (TCND) vaccine virus. PMID- 1238856 TI - Quantitative aspect of the endogenous urea cycle in goats. PMID- 1238857 TI - Studies on hemorrhagic diathesis of experimental bovine bracken poisoning. I. Detection of circulating anticoagulants. PMID- 1238859 TI - Structure and development of the perianal gland of the dog. PMID- 1238858 TI - Studies on hemorrhagic diathesis of experimental bovine bracken poisoning. II. Heparin-like substance level in blood. PMID- 1238860 TI - [Morphological study of the kidney in the fowl. II. Renal protal and venous systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238861 TI - [Cerebral infarction caused by Dirofilaria immitis in three dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238862 TI - Equine ringworm by Trichophyton verrucosum. PMID- 1238863 TI - Clinical and clinico-pathological observations of generalized amyloidosis in cattle. PMID- 1238864 TI - Studies on feline haemobartonellosis. IV. Lifespan of erythrocytes of cats infected with Haemobartonella felis. PMID- 1238866 TI - Histopathology of papillary tumors in the bovine urinary bladder. PMID- 1238865 TI - Efficacy of antibiotic treatment in cows affected with cystitis and those affected with pyelonephritis due to Corynebacterium renale. PMID- 1238867 TI - Electromyographic studies on the deglutition movements in the fowl. PMID- 1238868 TI - Lesions of central nervous system in a calf due to a Pasteurella organism. PMID- 1238869 TI - Negative result of teratological study on caprylo-hydroxamic acid in rats. PMID- 1238870 TI - [Late observations of left ventricular contraction dynamics in patients following implantation of artificial mitral valve]. PMID- 1238871 TI - [Hypertensive disease as membrane pathology]. AB - A hypothesis is presented that suggests that essential hypertension and its analog -- spontaneous hypertension in rats originates from a genetically determined defect of the permeability of the cell membranes. An increasing permeability of the membranes for potassium and sodium may serve as a common cause of activation of the servomechanisms that provide for the elevation of the arterial blood pressure. A chronic psychoemotional stress, salt or corticosteroid overloading are the conditions that display a latent membranous insufficiency. PMID- 1238872 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 1238873 TI - [Closed injuries of the urethra]. PMID- 1238874 TI - [Total cataract and retinal detachment after a blow from a cow's tail (author's transl)]. AB - Total cataract occured four days after the patient was struck in the eye by a cow's tail - no eyewitness, unsatisfactory evidence. In addition retinal detachment was present diagnosed ten months after the cataract operation. - A cataract in advanced stage of development was also in the other eye of the 55 year-old man, who is old for his years. - A causal connection with the alleged accident cannot be assumed with sufficient prohability. PMID- 1238876 TI - Brain hypoxia studied in mouse central nervous system cultures. I. Sequential cellular changes. AB - Heavily myelinated cultures of newborn mouse cerebellum were exposed to hypoxia and studied by electron microscopy. The cultures were placed in an incubating medium deprived of oxygen (95 to 97 per cent deprivation) for 7 to 60 minutes and fixed immediately for electron microscopy. The amount of oxygen present in the medium and time course of hypoxia were constantly monitored and recorded by an oxygen probe of polarographic oxygen sensor type and a recorder. In contrast to previous in vivo studies, this in vitro model of hypoxic cell injury has provided accurate information concerning the relationship between degree of hypoxia and cell lesion. Hypoxia affected neurons which showed "swelling" and disorganization of cristae in mitochondria and reduced cytoplasmic matrix density due to the dispersion of polysomes. A small population of neurons with an increased cytoplasmic density and "swollen" mitochondria was also noted. Clearing and degeneration of presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic dendrites were observed. After a longer period of hypoxia most neurons showed an extensive degenerative change consisting of rarefaction of cytoplasm and loss of cytoplasmic organelles. In contrast to neuronal changes, no structural alteration was observed in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. PMID- 1238875 TI - [Testing of the resistance of human tumours in the short-term test (author's transl)]. AB - Various human tumours have been investigated using, as previously described an in vitro method for sensitivity testing. This test provides information both on the rates of proliferation of tumours and on their resistance to cytostatic agents. PMID- 1238877 TI - Model of alternating and aggressive communication with the example of katydid chirping. PMID- 1238878 TI - Non-existence of wave solutions for the class of reaction--diffusion equations given by the Volterra interacting-population equations with diffusion. PMID- 1238879 TI - The effect of age on antigen-sensitive cells. AB - The primary humoral immune response to heterologous red cell antigens declines in mice after 12 months of age. The cellular response to histocompatibility antigens of lymph node lymphocytes from mice 3 months and 12 to 27 months old are evaluated in these studies. It was found that lymphocytes from aged mice are as able to transform into large pyroninophilic cells and proliferate after exposure to antigen as lymphocytes from 3- to 4-month-old mice. However, results of cellular responses of intermediate age groups suggest that the cells that respond to antigen in the old mice may be a different population of lymphocytes from the cells that respond in the young mice. PMID- 1238880 TI - The late effects of selected immunosuppressants on immunocompetence, disease incidence, and mean life-span. III. Disease incidence and life expectancy. AB - The effect of various immunosuppressive treatments on mean life-span and disease incidence have been studied. Significant life shortening was seen only in mice which recieved X-irradiation early in life and can be ascribed primarily to an increased incidence of certain malignancies. Marginal life shortening was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated animals, however, survival patterns between those and control animals did not differ until 30 months of age and the magnitude of life shortening never approached that seen in X-irradiated animals. Thymectomy, splenectomy or cortisone treatment did not alter survival. All immunosuppressive treatments enhanced mortality due to non-neoplastic diseases, however, only a small percentage of animals die with these disease entities. With the exception of cortisone all immunosuppressive treatments increased the incidence of neoplastic disease. However, their effects on various neoplastic processes were variable and unpredictable. Four primary patterns in terms of relative immune competence, disease incidence and life expectancy were seen. Thus, immunodepression may of may not correlate with increased disease incidence, which in turn may or may not have a life-shortening effect. These findings are discussed in terms of the marked reduction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity normally seen in aged mice and the significance of postulated immune surveillance mechanisms to survival. PMID- 1238881 TI - On the peripheral bladder control system of the dog and urodynamics: in vivo characterisation and hybrid computer simulation. PMID- 1238883 TI - Radial conductivity of arterial walls. PMID- 1238882 TI - A new instrument for computing the urethral resistance in urodynamic studies. PMID- 1238884 TI - What kind of criteria? AB - The modern concept of medical audit mandates comparison of care against preset explicit criteria. The format in which those criteria are framed plays a crucial role in determining the types of deficiences liable to be uncovered. Formats describing care as "consistent with" acceptable practice do not reveal meaningful information, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals' emphasis on "outcome" to the exclusion of "process" is also unacceptable. A detailed format for disease-specific criteria is described; it may not be feasible for widespread use. PMID- 1238885 TI - [Editorial: We need to know more about psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 1238886 TI - Interactions between cannabidiol and delta9-THC during abstinence in morphine dependent rats. PMID- 1238887 TI - Enhancement of reserpine-elicited dopaminergic supersensitivity by repeated treatment with apomorphine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. PMID- 1238888 TI - The effect of mepyramine on the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. PMID- 1238889 TI - Progressive behavioral changes during chronic lidocaine administration: relationship to kindling. PMID- 1238890 TI - Alcohol withdrawal reactions in mouse strains selectively bred for long or short sleep times. PMID- 1238891 TI - Differing effects of inducers of differentiation on the ribonucleotide pool sized of Friend leukemia cells. PMID- 1238892 TI - Plasma ADH in normal Long-Evans rats and in Long-Evans rats heterozygous and homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1238893 TI - Erythropoietin production by the liver in fetal-neonatal life. PMID- 1238894 TI - [X-ray therapy of nontumorous diseases using low radiation doses]. PMID- 1238895 TI - [Inhibition of lactation due to the hormones. A comparative study]. PMID- 1238896 TI - [Morphology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 1238897 TI - [Primary and secondary microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. An alternative to: thrombotic thrompocytopenic purpura (TTP)--hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)]. PMID- 1238898 TI - [The etiology and therapy of central serous retinopathy of the macula lutea]. PMID- 1238899 TI - Is poliomyelitis a genetically-determined disease: I: A genetic model. PMID- 1238900 TI - Sexual education of the medical undergraduate. PMID- 1238901 TI - Branding and aggression. PMID- 1238902 TI - Studies on the dominant-lethal and fertility effects of the heavy metal compounds methylmercuric hydroxide, mercuric chloride, and cadmium chloride in male and female mice. AB - Dominant-lethal effects of 10 mg/kg methylmercuric hydroxide were studied in male mice from two hybrid stocks and in females from one of these stocks. Two other compounds, mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg) and cadmium chloride (2 mg/kh), were studied only in females for dominant-lethal (in one hybrid stock) and reproductive capacity effects (in two hybrid and one mixed stocks). All compounds were administered in a single intraperitoneal injection. When males of one of the two stocks studied were treated with methylmercuric hydroxide, the females to which they were mated exhibited a slight reduction in the total number of implantations and in the number of living embryos. These reductions were accompanied by a very small increase in the incidence of dead implantations. In females, cadmium chloride had no detectable dominant-lethal or other fertility effects, except superovulation. On the other hand, the two mercury compounds slightly reduced the numbers of implants and living embryos in females subjected to dominant-lethal studies. The two mercury compounds also induced a slight reduction in that long-term reproductive performance of one stock of females. These results and those reported earlier by others, indicate that the mercury compounds studied so far are not potent inducers of dominant-lethal mutations in male and female mice. It is not clear whether the small effects on male or female fertility induced in some cases, particularly the increase in dead implantations and reductions in the number of living embryos, were attributable to dominant lethal mutations or to nongenetic causes. PMID- 1238903 TI - Budding in the dimorphic fungus Cladosporium werneckii. PMID- 1238904 TI - [Human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis: comment on a new case in Brittany]. AB - Pulmonary and human adiaspiromycosis in Brittany: a new observation. A young woman is operated on for pulmonary abcess. The histological study the pulmonary tissue around and at a distance from the abcess shows numerous adiaspores of Emmonsia crescens Emmons & Jellison (1960). The culture of the fungus were not possible. The authors discuss the relationship between the fungus and the pulmonary lesions observed in the cases of human adiaspiromycosis. PMID- 1238905 TI - Multicomponent alarm pheromones of the weaver ant. PMID- 1238906 TI - Syntheses and immunological evaluation of bovine proinsulin C-peptide analogues. PMID- 1238907 TI - Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta. PMID- 1238908 TI - [Further development of critical course of puberty]. PMID- 1238909 TI - [Surgical technique for cervical spondylosis and soft disc (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238910 TI - [Cellular localization and metabolic turnover of brain catecholamines (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238911 TI - [The accessory middle cerebral artery (author's transl)]. AB - The accessory middle cerebral artery has rarely been documented. Four cases of the anomalous artery were found in 1240 carotid angiograms, the incidence being estimated to be 0.24 to 0.34%. Ages of the patients were 45, 52, 53, and 56. They were two males and two females. In two patients, the angiography was carried out because of positive neurological signs after head injury, and in the other two, because of cerebrovascular stroke. All the anomalous arteries were found as incidental findings. The angiography was carried out bilaterally in two patients and the anomalous arteries were found only on one side. They arose from the horizontal portion of the anterior cerebral artery and coursed laterally in paralled with the stem of the middle cerebral artery. Two of them gave rise to the perforating arteries into the brain which accompanied those from the middle cerebral artery. These atomalous arteries were identified very easily on an antero-posterior projection of the angiogram. In the most striking patient, the 52-year-old man, a selective angiography for the middle cerebral artery, which did not demonstrate the anterior cerebral artery and its branch, the accessory middle cerebral artery, was carried out and in the light of the findings, the accessory middle cerebral artery could be identified running in elliptic circle just above D1 on the lateral projection of the routine carotid angiogram. All the accessory middle cerebral arteries in our series were not associated with either intracranial aneurysm or anomalies such as agenesis of the corpus callosum and reduplication of the circle of Willis. PMID- 1238912 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow in senile patients with meningiomas (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated the regional cerebral blood flow of 4 meningioma patients who were all of ages over 60 years old. The average age of the patients was 68 years. Cerebral blood flow was determined by the 133Xe clearance method of Lassen and Ingvar. By extra-cranial recording of the radioactivity from the freely diffusible inert gas 133Xe, which dissolved in saline, was injected into the internal carotid artery, a clearance curve was obtained from the cerebral hemisphere. This curve could be resolved into two monoexponential clearance functions that corresponed to the flow in the grey and white matter. Graphical analysis of the original curve allowed the estimation of the relative weight of these two tissue components as well as of the mean cerebral blood flow. In three patients, regional cerebral blood flow was measured both pre- and post operatively and these values were compared. Focal rCBF disturbances could be detected in agreement with the tumor location as verified directly or by other diagnostic procedures. That is, a relative hyperemia was detected at the areas corresponding to the tumor site. Mean fg (the flow in the grey matter) of four patients was 77.3 +/- 14.0 ml/100 g/min on the tumor areas, 48.1 +/- 6.6 ml/100 g/min on the peritumoral regions, 63.1+/- 4.1 ml/100 g/min on the non-tumoral regions. CBFr (average cerebral blood flow) of non-tumoral areas in the four patient was 36.6 +/- 2.4 ml/100 g/min and that of the peri-tumoral area, 33.1 +/- 7.9 ml/100g/min. These figures are moderately smaller than that of the normal one. A comparison between the neurological features and regional flow values noted in patients who had a removal of menigiomas indicated that the flow values of non-tumoral area increased markedly a month after operation, instead of only slight or no improvement in neurological features. Although our cases with rCBF studies are still too few to warrant conclusions, it seems that post-operative follow-up of mean cerebral blood flow changes might be rather greater help in the assessment of prognosis after operation of meningiomas than fg (the flow in the grey matter). PMID- 1238913 TI - [Editorial: Neurosurgery]. PMID- 1238914 TI - [The inhibitory effects of corticosteroid on the proliferation of tumor cells derived from human astrocytoma-gliobastoma--with special reference to combined vasopressin--corticosteroid therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In view of the fact that clinical reports have been recently made that combined varopressin-corticosteroid therapy is remarkably effective against recurrent malignant astrocytoma, it is considered necessary to review the antitimor action of steroids against glioma. The effects of hydrocortisone sodium succinate were studied on cultured cells derived from 17 glioma cases composed of 8 cases of glioblastoma (grade III, IV) and 9 cases of benign astrocytoma (grade I, II). Actively growing monolayer culture of tumor cells was exposed to the test agent of serially diluted concentration from 10(-4) to 10(-7) g/ml. The effectiveness was estimated by calculating the proliferation rate of cells for 7 days. The response curve of the test agent exhibited a relatively good correlation to dose as well as a good potency in suppressing cellular proliferation. This was more marked in cells from malignant glioma than those from benign glioma. The results also indicate that the inhibitory effects of corticosteroid are closely correlated to the growth rate of the tumor itself. Thus, the therapeutic effects of long-term administration of corticosteroid can be expected not only by the resultant decrease in cerebral edema and in the suppressed production rate of cerebrospinal fluid but also from the standpoint of its anti-timor action. It should be possible to effectively include steroid therapy in the program of surgical procedure, radiation therapy and chemotherapy for glioma patients in whom recurrence is generally almost inevitable. PMID- 1238916 TI - [Treatment of acute subdural hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238915 TI - [Acute communicating hydrocephalus due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - That direct intracranial operation in indicated in ruptured intracranial aneurysm which has passed the acute stage is an accepted procedure today. However, regarding the pros and cons of direct intracranial operation during the acute stage, settlement has yet to be made. This arises from the fact that various combined aggravated pathological states of cerebral vasospasm, brain edema, intracerebral hematoma, hydrocephalus etc. are present. The authors had attended to the acute hydrocephalus in the cases of ruptured aneurysm and conducted ventriculoatrial shunt for hydrocephalus actively. As a result, it was found that ventriculoatrial shunt brought about considable improvement of the patients condition to such an extent that an early operation became possible. The results are following: (1) The authors conducted cerebral angiography in the acute stage in 51 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Of this 51 cases as a result of angiographic findings, 12 cases, 23.5% showed ventricular dilation and accompanied lowering of consciousness level and increased intracranial pressure. (2) The largest number of acute hydrocephalus among our cases appeared in patients in the age level of 30-39, amounting to 44.4%. While this seemed to indicate the importance of the age factor, no correlation was seen with the localization of ruptured intracranial aneurysm or the number of experienced ruptures. (3) Of 12 cases of acute hydrocephalus 7 cases were subjected to ventriculoatrial shunt operations. Of 7 cases, after operation 6 cases showed an improvement in consciousness remarkably, thus making it possible to conduct an early intracranial operation of aneurysm. Ventricular drainage, V-A shunt for the following reasons: 1. Possibility of infection is very few. 2. The site of burr hole for V-A shunt located in parietal area. So craniotomy area, for example bifrontal craniotomy is apart from the site of V-A shunt. 3. The control of intracranial pressure is also easy after intracranial operation for aneurysm. 4. Normal pressure hydrocephalus can be prevented. 5. This method is useful for decreasing the brain bulk during the direct operation. PMID- 1238917 TI - A huge intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma with complete recovery following total excision. PMID- 1238918 TI - [On our operation for the craniostenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238919 TI - [Experimental studies of skull fracture in the temporal region (author's transl)]. AB - These experimental studies of skull fractures in the temporal region were carried out in co-operation the Faculty of Engineering and the Department of Neurosurgery of Tokyo University. 15 dry human skulls were statically compressed in the bitemporal direction. The results of our experiments are as follows: 1) The forces necessary to produce the first fracture (seperations of the parietotemporal suture) are between 135 kg and 385 kg. (average; 258 kg) 2) The forces necessary to produce the second fractures (true fractures) are between 195 kg and 550 kg. (average; 356.3 kg) 3) The decreases of the inner diameters of skulls from pre-examination to the first fracture are between 0.65 mm and 1.85 mm. 4) The decreases of the inner diameters of skulls from pre-examination to the second fracture are between 1.56 mm and 4.5 mm. 5) The forces necessary to reduce the inner diameters of skulls by 1 milimeter are between 85 kg/mm and 380 kg/mm. (average; 221 kg/mm) The forces necessary to produce a fracture in the temporal region are much less than the forces necessary to do so in the frontal region. In deforming the skull, it is necessary to apply much greater force to the frontal region than it is to the temporal region. The relation between the skull's age and the minimal force to produce the skull fracture is not clear from the results of these experiments. The weights of the skulls were directly related to the minimal force necessary to produce skull fractures. Breaks in the inner table preceded those of the outer table when linear fractures occurred over the compressed area. when depressed fractures formed in the same area, the outer table was broken before the inner table. When the linear fractures formed far from the same area, the outer table was broken before the inner table. From our investigations on sports injuries, those players who died after being hit by golf balls or baseballs showed the same clinical courses as in typical extradural hematoma. Plain X-ray examinations of those fataly injured players did not reveal any skull fractures. Plain X-ray examinations of fractured skulls often failed to reveal the lesion unless the bone fracture was widely separated. On the basis of the above results, it would appear that routine skull films using either anterior posterior or lateral projections are inadequate for the diagnosis of skull fractures. We have had good results in the examination of skull fracture by using the stereo X-ray method. PMID- 1238920 TI - [Radioisotope cisternographic study on cerebrospinal fluid circulation after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - Although recent advance in neurological surgery has diminished mortality rate of aneurysmal surgery, there still exist several complex problems for the management of aneurysms. Persistent neurological deficits or clinical deterioration after subarachnoid hemorrhage can result from subsequent communicating hydrocephalus which can be treated by shunting operation. We have studied alterations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation after SAH in 43 patients. Sources of hemorrhages were aneurysm in 30 cases, arteriovenous malformation in 6 and unknown in 7. Radioisotope cisternography was performed using 0.5 to 1.0 mCi of 169Yb-DTPA which was given intrathecally by lumbar injection. Results of cisternogram were classified into 4 groups and 7 subgroups; group 0: non filling (4%), group I: persistent ventricular filling (45%), A) absence of convexity flow (11%), B) partial convexity flow (34%), group II: transient ventricular filling (23%), A) delayed convexity flow (11%), B) normal convexity flow (12%), group III: no ventricular filling (28%), A) delayed convexity flow (17%), B) normal convexity flow (11%). The radioactivity in serial blood samples was measured by a well-type scintillation counter. Three types of curves for transfer of 169Yb-DTPA from CSF to blood were classified; delayed type, medium type, and normal type. In delayed type, the count ratio of blood activity at 24 hr to that at 3 hr is over 30%. In normal type, it is below 10%. There was a close correlation between cisternogram and transfer curve. In most cases with persistent ventricular filing, the transfer curve showed a delayed type. The relationship of cisternogram to classification of patient's condition by Hunt was studied. The grade of patient's condition was found to be closely related to the degree of abnormality in CSF circulation. The existence of rebleeding in the patients history was also found to influence the degree of abnormality in CSF circulation. However, single bleeding may also cause abnormality, such as persistent ventricular filling on cisternogram. In regard to the site of aneurysms, those of anterior communicating artery appeared to cause communicating hydrocephalus more frequently. Laterality of convexity flow was analyzed in 17 cases. All cases with internal carotid aneurysms showed decreased activity on the side of bleeding. Shunt operation was performed on 10 cases according to the results of cisternography, transfer curve, pneumoencephalography, and angiography. Seven cases showed improvement and 2 died of other complications soon after the shunt, and the effect of the procedure cannot be evaluated. Patients with clinical signs of NPH and abnormal cisternogram (group I) with evidence of ventricular dilatation are indicated for shunting operation. PMID- 1238921 TI - [A clinico-pathological study on subarachnoid hemorrhage in autopsied cases: the significance of iron containing granule cells seen in autopsied brain with subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral infarction and petechial hemorrhage are seen in autopsied brains with subarachnoid hemorrhage as most important findings. However, the pathogenesis for the development of these lesions are still obscure. We have been doing clinico pathological study on the cerebral petechial hemorrhages following subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this report, the findings of these hemorrhagic lesions were presented in detail by means of Perls-Stieda's iron staining. The results are as follows. Cerebral petechial hemorrhages were seen in 3 out of 13 autopsied cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage and almost all hemarrhagic lesions were perivascular. These hemorrhagic lesions were dominantly seen in the regions, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain which were close to the accumulated blood clot in the basal cistern, and in the cerebral cortex beneath the accumulated blood clot. Iron containing granular cells were seen not only in the brain surrounding the petechial hemorrhages but also around the vessels which did not show any hemorrhages. On the other hand, it is well known that it needs more than 7 days after hemorrhage in tissue to demonstrate iron containing granular cells by Perls Stieda' iron staining. So, it might be estimated that the patients survived more than 7 days after the occurance of intracerebral hemorrhages when iron containing granular cells were demonstrated in the autopsied brains. It could be presumed in this study that the petechial hemorrhages following subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred at an early stage of their clinical courses. PMID- 1238922 TI - [Electron microscopic study of choroid plexus in experimentally induced hydrocephalic dog (author's transl)]. AB - Choroid plexus in experimentally induced hydrocephalic dogs according to the Wisniewski's method was examined by an electron microscope. Epithelial cell of the choroid plexus appeared in various deformation and formed a marked dilatation of extracellular spaces between apposed two cell membranes and at the basal interdigitation. Dilatation of the extracellular space was more pronounced at the stromal side of the epithelial layer. This finding might be due to anatomical specificities of apposed epithelial cell membranes and not only indicate a disturbance of the CSF secretion. According to the dilatation of extracellular space, apposed two epithelial cell membranes separated each other, however, at sites of intercellular junctions, adjacent cell membranes remained closely apposed. The dilated extracellular space at the basal site continued to the dilated intercellular space, while, no continuity was recognized between the dilated intercellular space and ventricular lumen. These extracellular speces appeared low electron density and showed little specific structure. No particular change was recognized in organelles in the epithelial cell, except increased pinocytotic vesicles in number. Stroma of the choroid plexus appeared edematous, that was, electron density was low and a few cellular and stromal elements were found. Capillary vessels showed almost normal structure. In hydrocephalic dogs also in normal one, Lanthanum infused into lateral ventricle precipitated on the surface of microvilli of choroid plexus epithelial cell. The Lanthanum, entered through ventricular end of intercellular space, was blocked to penetrate beyond the intercellular junction (zonula occludens) and any bit of the tracer was not found in the dilated extracellular space. The tracer was found neither in epithelial cell nor in stroma. These findings of tracer-study may indicate that the CSF absorption through the choroid plexus is not increased in chronic hydrocephalus. Consequently, the ultrastructural changes of the choroid plexus in chronic hydrocephalus, that is, enlarged extracellualr space, increased pinocytotic vesicles and edematous stroma, are thought to suggest a disturbance of CSF secretion from the choroid plexus. PMID- 1238923 TI - [Abscess of the brain (2nd report)--special reference to surgical indication of extracapsular excision of brain abscess (author's transl)]. AB - Brain abscess persists as a serious diagnostic problem and critical therapeutic challenge since pre-antibiotic era. After antibiotic agents has been introduced, abscess of the brain seems to be a surgical curable intracranial suppurative disease, although surgical mortality and morbidity due to brain abscess are still distressingly high. Recently, the incidence of brain abscess are gradually increasing. In this present situation, it is necessary to reevaluate the previous method and surgical results of brain abscess. Even with new surgical techniques and antibiotics, the mortality rate and number of neurological deficits remain high, as previously methods, it is most important how to eliminate these problems. It was undertaken to determine the significant factors affecting the clinical management of patients with this serious problem. The general outlines of our neurosurgical treatment are given, with emphasis on our surgical schedule of brain abscess, especially brain abscess in congenital heart disease. In this paper, a review of the current status of the surgical methods, operative mortality and morbidity, diagnostic methods and the therapy of brain abscess has been discussed. PMID- 1238924 TI - [Giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - A case of giant aneurysm arising from the anterior communicating artery, 24 X 28 X 30 mm in diameter was found in a 30 year old man. About ten years ago he became blind and recently developed right anosmia and diencephalic seizures. No subarachnoid hemorrhage, however, was found. Radiograms and tomograms of the cranium showed a ring-like calcification, but by angiography it couldn't be recognized as a giant aneurysm. The right frontal craniotomy and partial resection, therefore, was performed. A histological study of the resected material revealed that it was a spontaneously thrombosed giant aneurysm. The inner layer of its wall had neither endothelium nor elastic lamina, but had deposits of calcium salt. The outer layer was composed of collagen fibers without cell infiltration. The aneurysm was thrombosed except for its neck but its organization occurred incompletely. We want to emphasize the importance of a correct preoperative diagnosis, as an erroneous operative procedure can result in disaster. Volume, viscosity and tension of flowing blood into the aneurysm as well as the size of its neck and dome regulate dynamic properties. These properties may determine the enlargement rate or growth of the aneurysm. The dynamic characteristics and features of the inner surface of the aneurysmal wall may regulate the formation of thrombosis in the aneurysm. The intraluminal thrombosis and strength of aneurysmal wall, for example, calcium deposits, may prohibit aneurysm from its rupture. PMID- 1238925 TI - [Traumatic aneurysm of the frontopolar artery developing after evacuation of the subdural effusion in a 6-month-old girl (author's transl)]. AB - A 6-month-old girl developed bilateal subdural effusion after head injury. She gradually improved after the partial stripping of the membrane of the subdural effusion although postoperative tappings of the subdural fluid were necessary. Thirty nine days after the injury, she suddenly suffered from a massive intraventricular hemorrhage. A cerebral angiography showed an aneurysm arising from the proximal part of the right frontopolar artery, which had not been revealed in the previous angiograms. It was obscure whether the congenital anomaly of the arterial wall had been existed or not, but this aneurysm might be mentioned as a traumatic aneurysm and definitely developed after the treatment for the traumatic sequence. The mechanism of this aneurysmal formation was supposed that the arterial wall was initially injured by the abnormal traumatic movement of the brain underneath the falx cerebri, and teared arterial wall was further injured by the fluctuating movements of the brain caused by repeated tappings of the effused fluid. Relation of delayed posttraumatic apoplexy and ruptured posttraumatic aneurysms was also discussed, and analysis of the reported cases of the traumatic aneurysm, as well as aneurysm in the infant, was made. PMID- 1238926 TI - [Editorial: A wide perspective]. PMID- 1238927 TI - [Editorial: From my research notes]. PMID- 1238928 TI - [Operative procedures of aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238929 TI - [Calcification in gliomas: first report with special reference to roentgenological calcification (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism and the clinical significance of calcium deposits in glioma have been still obscure. Excluding pinealomas, 221 histologically proven intracranial gliomas were studied. The presence of roentgenological calcification in 27 of the authers' series represented an incidence of 12 percent. The incidence of roentgenological calcification in various types of glioma were as follows: astrocytoma grades 1 & 2-15%, astrocytoma grades 3 & 4-7%, medulloblastoma-5%, ependymoma-17%, oligodendrogioma-60%, and choroid plexus papilloma-25%. There was no characteristic relationship between the incidence of calcification and the age distribution. One exception was noted that in astrocytoma grades 1 & 2 the incidence of roentgenological calcification tended to be higher in younger patients than in older patients. The percentage of calcified tumors in both sexes was the same. In astrocytoma and ependymoma the incidence of roentgenological calcification was far greater in the supratentorial tumor than in the infratentorial tumor. According to their roentgenological appearance, calcified tumors were separated into four groups, but any specific appearance could not be claimed for any particular type of glial tumors. Only in astrocytoma both the duration of symptoms and the postoperative survival time of the calcified cases were longer than those of the uncalcified. But in other types of glioma there were no significant differences in the postoperative survival time between the calcified cases and the uncalcified ones. In 5 cases of astrocytomas the calcium deposits did not exist on preoperative radiographs, which were found postoperatively after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In conclusion, it is not the histological type but the duration of the clinical course that plays more important role in calcification of gliomas. PMID- 1238930 TI - [Early diagnosis and selection of operative approach for acoustic neuroma (author's transl)]. AB - The recent advances of various diagnostic procedures made possible to detect intracanalicular neuroma in early stage. The operative results have been also greatly improved by transtemporal approach using surgical microscope and dental burr. In addition, the revised suboccipital approach contributed to obtain better operative results. Reviewing our clinical experiences with 15 cases operated from May 1969 to December 1971, appropriate combination of applicable diagnostic procedures and selection of operative method are discussed. Multiple audiologic examinations consisting of pure tone audiometry, speech discrimination, Bekesy audiometry, alternate binaural loudness balance test, tone decay and uncomfortable lebel were performed in 11 cases. 9 of these cases manifested retrocochlear type of hearing loss. Spontaneous nystagmus and induced nystagmus, together with balance test, were evaluated for vestibular function. Bithermal caloric test disclosed unilateral canal paresis in all cases. In 13 cases, spontaneous nystagmus was observed. Analysis of optokinetic nystagmus using electronystagmography suggested tumor invasion to the brain stem and cerebellum. Tomography of the internal auditory canal showed abnormal findings in all cases. Cisternography with 2 ml of myodil was performed in 7 cases, all of which were diagnosed definitely by filling defect. Angiography showed abnormal vascular displacement with the tumor of size exceeding 3 cm in diameter. Translabyrinthine approach was performed in 5 cases. Suboccipital approach was applied in 6 cases. Combined approach of these two routes was used in 4 cases. 11 patients returned to their original work postoperatively. To obtain the correct diagnosis of acoustic neuroma in early stage, multiple audiologic examination are indispensable together with detailed vestibular function tests when the unilateral sensory neural hearing loss is suspected. Tomography of the internal auditory canal is also advisable as routine roentonologic study. If the clinical sign is confined to the 8th nerve only, myodil cisternography is useful, however, angiography is reliable in more advanced cases. When the tumor size is below 2 cm and signs of the spread to the brain stem, cerebellum or lower cranial nerves are lacking, translabyrinthine approach is indicated. Suboccipital approach is advisable for more advanced cases or undefinitive cases. Planning of combined approach of both routes is seemed to be not necessary in any case from our experience. PMID- 1238931 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of ependyma (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of the normal ependymal cell has been described. The ependymal cells form a closely knit single layer lining the ventricles. They are bordered on one side by the ventricular lumen and by the neuropil on the basal surface. The luminal surface is characterized by microvilli and cilia. The former differ from those seen in the respiratory tract or intestine in that they have a smooth surface and are devoid of a coating material. They differ from the microvilli of the choroid plexus by being straight and relatively stubby. The cilia appear indistinguishable from those seen on other cells and display the usual 9+2 microtubuler structure. The apposing surfaces of adjacent ependymal cells show various junctional devices such as desmosomes and others, but apparently no true tight junction such as seen in the choroid plexus are present. The basal surface abuts directly on the neuropil usually with no intervening basement membrane. The cytoplasm contains usual organelles including fine (60-90 A) filaments and glycogen granules. The latter two structures become especially abundant under pathological conditions which elicit an ependymal response. These changes very closely resemble those seen in reactive astrocytes. PMID- 1238932 TI - [Some observations on prognosis in congenital hydrocephalus (first report)--with reference to the preoperative evaluation of the hydrocephalic infants (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, the prognosis of congenital hydrocephalus has improved by shunting operation. There are some cases, however, showing poor prognosis even when this procedure has been performed. Thus, postoperative courses of hydrocephalus are variable, and do not always produce the same results. From the clinical viewpoint, we have studied preoperative signs and symptoms, and tried to find some factors which influence the prognosis. This report consists of 41 cases of congenital hydrocephalus and 7 cases of hydroencephalodysplasia over the past six years. For the purpose of observations before and after operation, we adopted some neurological symptoms, head circumference, thickness of cerebral mantle in pneumoventriculogram, intraventricular pressure and others. The average period of follow up of all the cases was two years and six months. Of the 41 patients of congenital hydrocephalus, 24 survived and 14 died. Of the 7 patients of hydroencephalodysplasia, 5 survived and 2 died. As to the age of the patients on admission, 57% of all the cases were infants from 2 months to 4 months old. The patients who had such neurological signs already on admission as motor disability, opisthotonic posture and severe optic nerve atrophy, had a tendency to show poor prognosis in general and to result in a higher mortality. The convulsion and so-called setting sun sign had no significant correlation to poor prognosis. From the morphological evaluation, we have examined increase of circumference and enlargement rate of the head. In the death group, abnormal increase of head circumference was recognized within the first three months of life. When the enlargement was higher than Nellhaus's standard rate within four months after birth, over half of the cases died. In the survival cases, the cerebral mantle thickness was found to be variable while a remarkable decrease was often noted in the death cases. If the mantle is less than 14 mm within three months after birth, prognosis of these cases was generally poor. In the evaluation of intraventricular pressure under endotracheal anesthesia, we found little difference between the survival cases and death cases. However, the death cases exhibited slightly higher average intraventricular pressure. In hydroencephalodysplasia, the cases with abnormal enlarged head marked dysplasia of cerebral hemisphere and thin cerebral cortex showed a tendency toward death, however, the cases with localized partial brain or a lobe dysplasia survived. In some cases by using the ventriculoscope, we could see directly the defect of the brain and obtain beneficial information on diagnosis. Due to the influence of various factors, it is impossible to predict or decide exactly the prognosis of congenital hydrocephalus before operation, but it is of critical necessity to anticipate the postoperative prognosis from preoperative synthetic information. PMID- 1238933 TI - [A case of arteriovenous communication between external and internal carotid arteries and the sinus after removal of the meningioma (author's transl)]. AB - A 60-year-old man was admitted with anosmia, memory disturbance and disorientation in 1971. He was diagnosed the left olfactory groove meningioma and received the removal of the tumor after ligation of the left external carotid artery. Over the following two years he was admitted again with progressive memory disturbance and mental disorder in Aug. '73. Physical examination disclosed no abnormalities except for slight hypertention. His CSF pressure was 120 mm H2O and pneumoencephalograms showed marked dilatation of the lateral ventricles. Right carotid angiography revealed the right olfactory groove meningioma which was receiving a rich circulation from the branches of right ophthalmic artery. And right selective external arteriography showed an arteriovenous communication between the occipital artery and the transverse sinus. Contrast medium flowed to the left transverse sinus. Left internal carotid arteriography showed an anomalous arteriovenous communication between the tentorial branch (Bernasconi-Cassinari artery) of the internal carotid artery and sigmoid sinus. Further left vertebral arteriography revealed another arteriovenous communication between the left occipital artery anastomosed with vertebral artery and the transverse sinus. An operation for the right olfactory groove meningioma was made in Sep. '73. Some considerations on the pathogenesis of developement of these arteriovenous communications were discussed. PMID- 1238934 TI - [Editorial: Boundaries of neurosurgery]. PMID- 1238935 TI - [Brain death: a review (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238936 TI - [Aneurysms of the internal carotid artery-surgical technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238937 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of ependymoblastoma (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of an ependymoblastoma was examined and compared to normal ependyma, ependymoma and to developing neural tube. As in the ependymoma, the tumor cells formed compact masses as well as rosettes and the blood vessel associated pseudorosettes. In general, the cells appeared primitive but displayed well developed junctional devices in some areas as well as ciliary basal bodies. In many respects, the tumor cells resembled the cells forming the developing neural tube. PMID- 1238938 TI - [Catheter cerebral angiography in little children. Review of 71 examinations on 59 children under the age of 7 years (author's transl)]. AB - Although the role of the cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of the central nervous system disorders in children is well established, there exists some reluctance to perform angiography in little children, probably due to technical difficulties and possible occurrence of side effects. For the last several years, we have performed catheter cerebral angiography on children with various disorders of central nervous system utilizing Seldinger's transfemoral technique. Our technique has been described in detail with special reference to the dilator catheter and double replacement technique, and the results of 71 catheter angiographies on 59 patients under the age of 7 years have been reviewed. No neurological complication or systemic reaction to contrast medium was noted. Circulatory disturbance at the site of femoral puncture was occasionally noted. Transient circulatory disturbance of several hours' duration was not uncommon in this age group. There were three cases which developed thrombus formation at the puncture site with resultant successful thrombectomy utilizing balloon catheter. The causes of these complications were analysed, and the need for systemic heparinization or heparin coated catheter during catheterization in little children was stressed. Comparison was made with other methods of cerebral angiography applied to children. It has been pointed out that this is a relatively convenient and safe technique applicable to little children, in whom multivessel study is often needed. PMID- 1238939 TI - [Spinal cord tumor of children--a cured case of infantile spinal cord tumor and review of domestic literature (author's transl)]. AB - Spinal cord tumor of children is a rare occurrence and infancy it is extremely rare. Experience with a 3-month-old female case of intraspinal extradural neurinoma was reported. This is the youngest reported case in the domestic literature. The tumor, which was solid and extended from the level of 11th thoracic vertebra to the /th lumbar vertebra, was successfully removed. Preoperative symptoms, such as sensory and motor disturbances of bilateral lower extremities and urinary and fecal incontinences, disappeared postoperatively. The patient is quite healthy 7 years after the operation. The domestic literature consisting of 73 cases of spinal cord tumor of children was reviewed and statistically observed. Histopathologically, teratoma and teratoid tumors were the major constituents. Neurinoma, which is a major entity in adult cases was observed only in 12 cases (16.4%). In infancy early diagnosis is often difficult due to absence of subjective complaints and, in about half of the reported cases, motor disturbance was the first noticed clinical sign. In the present case, the parents noticed crying of the baby on lifting up the limbs to change diaper and the presence of some sort of sensory disturbance was suggested. Thus in suspicious cases, diagnostic procedures such as myelography should be done in early stage and early operation should be undertaken. PMID- 1238941 TI - [An interhemispheric subdural abscess (author's transl)]. AB - A subdural abscess which is cinfined to the interhemispheric space alone, which does not extend over the convexity is rare. This is a specific form and is a complication of a common intracranial subdural abscess. It is of great practical importance to determins this uncommon location, and cerebral angiography is most useful. Multiple trephinations or craniotomy for exploration and evacuation must be performed near the midline. A 20 year old female was in a comatose state on admission. There was a flaccid paralysis of the right lower extremity and a dilated left pupil. Examination of the eyegrounds showed bilateral choked discs. Left cerebral angiography revealed the proximal pericallosal artery to be shifted to the right side and the callosomarginae artery was displaced from the midline parallel to the distal pericallosal artery. Although 20 ml of pus was evacuated through the parietal burr hole, which was located a bout 2.5 cm from the midline, she died. At autopsy, a subsural abscess was found in the interhemispheric space. It extended from the frontal pole to the occipital and had a thick membrane which adhered firmly to the falx medially. We could find no other subdural nor intracerebral pus collections. The left cerebral hemisphere was edematous. The superior sagittal sinus had a thick wall and was almost occluded. This dural sinus thrombophlebitis may have developed into the interhemispheric subdural abscess. It is emphasized that this uncommon location for subdural abscess poses a specific problem in clinical practice. PMID- 1238940 TI - [The protrusion of thoracic intervertebral disc-thoracic spondylosis (author's transl)]. AB - The protrusion of cervical intervertebral discs was divided into three pathological entities by Spurling; soft disc, hard disc and spondylosis. We applied these concept to the dorsal intervertebral disc disease and treated two cases of thoracic spondylosis. Case 1. A 41-year-old male entered the hospital because of the gradual progression of weakness of both legs of two months' duration. Since ten days before admission he had not had an errection and had not been to able to walk and micturate. He also complained of paresthesia radiating down the abdomen into both legs. There were no visceral complaints. Neurological examination revealed severe weakness of both legs with bilateral impairment of deep sensations and hypalgesia up to the level of T6. Reflexes in both legs were hyperactive with sustained clonus. Plantar responses were extensor bilaterally. Though plain X-rays showed no changes, tomography revealed a calcified intervertebral spur formation at the T5-6 interspace. A myelogram showed a complete block of the contrast medium at the level of the upper part of T6. The patient underwent a complete laminectomy from T3 through T6 and extradural anterior decompression with the removal of the calcified disc at the T5-6 interspace using an air drill. Postoperatively, he demonstrated an immediate improvement in sensation and a gradual recovery in motor power. At his follow-up examination 14 months after surgery he could walk without assistance. Case 2. A 47-year-old dwarfish woman (130 cm) with a low back pain and difficulty in walking for a few years duration was admitted. A few months before admission she felt pain at her left lateral abdomen. There was weakness of both legs, greater in the left. Reflexes in her left lower extremity were hyperactive with sustained clonus. Plantar responces were flexor bilaterally. Palin X-rays showed scoliosis of thoracic spine with the top at T7 level and calcified intervertebral masses at T10-11, T11-12 and T12-L1, extending into the canal that were confirmed more clearly by tomography. Myelography by a cisternal puncture disclosed a complete block at the level of T10. The patient underwent total laminectomy of T9 through L2 and extradural anterior decompression with the removal of calcified discs. At her follow-up examination 12 months after surgery she could walk for herself with some residual neurological signs, minimal weakness in the right leg and hypesthesia up to the level of T12 in the left. We have discussed the incidental, related diagnostic and operative problems of this disease. PMID- 1238942 TI - [Clinical aspect of bony abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum (2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238943 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma using 5 cm skull trephine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1238944 TI - [The fine structure of epithelial cyst in the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of three types of cysts within central nervous system, all with a single cell lining, has been examined. The first was in the subarachnoid space of the lumber cord and the lining cells included both ciliated and nonciliated secretory cells. It was considered to be of endodermal origin. The second type was a colloid cyst of the third ventricle and its fine structural features were almost identical to those of the first type. It was, therefore, likewise considered to be of endodermal origin. The third type was an intracerebral epithelial cyst in which the lining cells more closely resembled ependymal cells. The value of fine structural studies for the understanding of the pathogenesis of epithelial cysts within the central nervous system is discussed. PMID- 1238945 TI - [Clinical study on rebleeding of cerebral anuerysms--with special references to the warning signs of rebleeding and antifibrinolytic treatment during waiting time for surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The warning signs of rebleeding in the ruptured cerebral aneurysms, and the effect of antifibrinolytic treatment on the prevention of rebleeding from the ruptured aneurysms were studied and evaluated satistically by analysing the 62 single ruptured aneurysms. The incidennce of rebleeding during waiting time for surgery was higher in the following factors, i.e., the older patients, the Grade 2, the higher blood pressure, the larger aneurysms, the anterior-communicating aneurysms, the vasospasm. The critical time for rerupture was within three days after admission and within seven days after last bleeding. The anti-edema treatment and the sedation treatment have no effect upon the rebleeding. There was no difference in incidence of rebleeding among the sex and the frequency of bleeding before admission. The operative mortality of the reruptured patients during waiting time for surgery was very high. The antifibrinolytic treatment definitely lessened the incidence of rebleeding of the ruptured aneurysms during waiting time for surgery, and there were no noticeable complications following this treatment. This treatment is of value in the prevention of rebleeding from ruptured cerebral aneurysms during waiting time for surgery. PMID- 1238946 TI - [Electric thrombosis of the experimental aneurysm--effect of alteration in intraaneurysmal hemodynamics on thrombus formation and progress of thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - Electric thrombosis may be one of useful method to provide protection against re bleeding from the intracranial aneurysm which cannot be obliterated by clipping or ligation of its neck without disturbing arterial circulation. However, a better method is required to make the aneurysm to be almost completely thrombosed within one or two hours and to avoide marked damage of its wall, dislodging of the formed thrombus and excessive thrombosis. In this report a method of electric thrombosis of the experimental aneurysm was studied, and effects of hematocrit value and alteration in intraaneurysmal hemodynamics on thrombus formation and progression of thrombosis were investigated. An aneurysm-like vein pouch of 6 to 9 mm in diameter and of 5 to 8 mm in height was made on the common carotid artery of the dog. One week later, patency of the "aneurysm" was confirmed on angiogram. An anodal electrode of a platinum needle of 0.2 mm in diameter was inserted into the "aneurysm" to place the tip of the needle approximately at the center of the sack. Two platinum plates of 3 mm in diameter and of 0.1 mm in thickness were used as the cathodes and were placed externnally on the aneurysm wall. Direct current of 3 mA was applied for 5 or 10 minutes, or current of 5 mA for 5 minutes. Intraaneurysmal pulsating jet and turbulent flows were reduced by occlusion or stenosis of the common carotid. Size of the thrombus immediately after passing current and further progress of thrombosis were evaluated on angiogram and also on plethysmogram of the "aneurysm". Hematocrit value of 45% or more was favorable in producing a thrombus. Although direct current of 3 or 5 mA was desirable to avoid injury of the "aneurysm" wall and to inhibit dislodging of the formed thrombus, only a small thrombus was produced around the anode. Simultaneous occlusion or stenosis of the carotid artery proximally to the "aneurysm" during application of the current markedly promoted thrombus formation. With current application for 5 minutes, 30 to 40% or more of "aneurysm" lumen was occupied by the thrombus in a half of the cases. When the thrombus had reached to approximately 40% of aneurysm "sack" 5 minutes after passing DC current, it progressed to 80% within the following one hour. The most favorable site of the anode for progression of thrombosis was the proximal wall (cardiac side) of "aneurysm". Proximal occlusion or stenosis of the carotid artery promoted remarkably also progress of thrombosis. Excessive thrombosis, dislodging or spontaneous resolution of the formed thrombus was not found throughout one month follow-up. Histologically, the thrombus was organized within one month and covered with the endothel extending from the parent artery. PMID- 1238947 TI - [Treatment for traumatic aneurysm of the cerebral artery--identification between deteriorating type and spontaneously disappearing type (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty five cases of traumatic aneurysm of the cortical cerebral artery were reviewed in the literatures cited in the references. Five cases of them healed spontaneously without operative treatment (disappearing type), the other cases underwent direct operation of aneurysm, in spite of high operative moltality or mobility (deteriorating type). Recently four cases of traumatic aneurysm of the cortical cerebral artery were treated in our clinic. Three cases which had the aneurysm in the pericallosal artery (1 case) and middle cerebral artery (2 cases) respectively underwent radical operation for treatment as progressively deteriorating type and fourth case which had the aneurysm in the peripheral part of the frontopolar artery was treated by medication as the spontaneously disappearing type until the aneurysm disappeared on the angiogram. According to the review of literatures, it is the most important for the treatment of tramatic aneurysm to know whether disappearing type or deteriorating type, because deteriorating type had bad prognosis without radical operation and the prognosis of disappearing type was excellent without operation. Analysing the clinical signs and angiographical findings of the all cases, the authors found out some specific characteristics of the spontaneously disappearing type. are (1) The aneurysm is found in the relativery late post traumatic stage except for cases caused by penetrating wound, (2) The irregular shape, uneven opacity of the aneurysm without clear neck connecting with pearent artery on angiography, (3) Shape and size of the aneurysm in follow up angiogram (two weeks or more) became smaller, (4) Around of aneurysm, there are not any kind of intracranical hemetoma. According to these results, differential diagnosis between spontaneously disappearing type and deteriorating type was done in the author's four cases and the three cases of deteriorating type were relieved by radical operation without any postoperative disability and one case of spontaneously disappearing type was treated by medical treatment until disappear of aneurysm. It is concluded that traumatic aneurysm of the cortical cerebral artery is relative rare and it is important to know whether deteriorating type or spontaneously disappearing type in order to get excellent results. PMID- 1238949 TI - [Clinical manifestation of muco- and pyocele of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses (author's transl)]. AB - We, neurosurgeons, frequently encounter patients whose chief compiants are visual disturbance, disorder of the ocular movement, trigeminal neuralgia and/or panhypopituitarism wich have been called as superior orbital fissure syndrome or orbital apex syndrome. Among these, there might be considerably high incidence of mucocele or pyocele of posterior ethmoid sinuses. We have experienced 12 cases of mucocele in past 5 years, which were confirmed by operation. The most reliable method to diagnose mucocele or pyocele at this moment is by the radiogical procedures, and among all, tomogram of the skull is essential. This procedure not only clearly demonstrates the existence of mucocele in a certain sinus but also provides us informations about the surrounding bony stracture. Diagnosis becomes more definite if the epipharyngography demonstrates no filling of postive contrast medium into suspected paranasal sinuses. Treatment of choice for this disease is firstly drainage of mucocele or pyocele by transnasal approach, to avoid postoperative meningitis or brain abscess, and secondarily dissection of the arachnoidal adhesion around the optic chiasm by intracranial approach if it is necessary. Recently, we perform the drainage of mucocel and peeling off of affected mucosa via transnasal route using microsurgical technique. Results are all satisfactory. PMID- 1238948 TI - [A clinical survey of brain abscess (3rd report): special reference to chronological analysis of EEG on brain abscess (author's transl)]. AB - The attention of those concerned with the management of intracranial abscess has been largely directed to a study of the findings in clinicopathological and neuroradiological investigations. Our object, in this communication is to arouse interest in the electroencephalographic survey, especially chronological electroencephalographic study of absecess patients. The clinical material forming the basis of this study is drawn from a series of 46 consecutive cases of intracranial abscess treated, during 3 years, in the neurosurgical department of Tokyo Women's Medical College. PMID- 1238950 TI - [Neurogenic hypernatremia caused by a teratoma on the supraoptic region (author's transl)]. AB - This is a case report involving a 9 year old girl with a teratoma that infaced mainly the bilateral hypothalamus. The girl was observed for 14 months after partial surgical removal. During that time she showed aphagia, adipsia, hypopituitarism, and visual and psychiatric disturbances. Severe hypernatremia also was present, even though large amounts of 5% glucose solution without salt were given I.V. Food and water were given by nasal gastric gavage and later gavage via gastric fistula, but the hypernatremia remained unchanged. When pitressin or spironolacton (anti-aldosterone) were administered, remarkable effect on the hypernatremia couldn't be found. Upon autopsy it was discovered that the bilateral hypothalamus, left subthalamus and ventral part of the thalamus were invaded by teratoma. Comparing many similar clinical reports and manifestations of hypothalamic lesions in experimental animals, it is reasonable to assume that the mechanisms of hypernatremia were caused by the disturbances of ADH secretion, thirst centre and osmoreceptor in the hypothalamus. PMID- 1238951 TI - [Acute epidural spinal abscess--A case of complete recovery by surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Acute spinal epidural abscess is found to be relatively rare and may be getting rarer since antibiotics have been widely used. An early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are still important to prevent severe neurological deficit such as paraplegia. A characteristic case is presented. Eighteen years old boy showed acute progression of paraplegia and rectourinary difficulty with complete spinal block at T 6-7 intervertebral space on myelography, who had suffered from multiple infectious lacerations on his face and hands two months previously. There was complete recovery of neurological signs following removal of epidural abscess with granulation tissue and spinal decompression by lamineotomy through T 5-7, and supplimentary antibiotic therapy for the organism (Staphylococcus aureus). To our knowlodge, this will be the first case report in this country, which has been obtained successful recovery after surgical treatment in such an acute case. PMID- 1238952 TI - Esters of apomorphine and N,N-dimethyldopamine as agonists of dopamine receptors in the rat brain in vivo. PMID- 1238953 TI - Experimental animal model of transient global amnesia: role of the hippocampus. PMID- 1238954 TI - Idiopathic polyneuropathy associated with cytotoxic anti-neuroblastoma serum. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin studies. AB - Serums from six patients with progressive idiopathic acute or chronic polyneuropathy possessed a cytolytic activity against transformed mouse cholinergic or noncholinergic neuroblasts but not against transformed rat astrocytes. This activity was not qualitatively nor quantitatively present in serums from normal controls or from patients with a variety of other motor system disorders and other neurologic disorders. Fluorescein conjugated goat antihuman IgG and IgM monospecific immunoglubulins were used to characterize further the cytotoxic activity from patient serums and these studies suggested the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) directed against a cell surface neuroblastoma antigen. Cold reactive immunoglobulins of the IgG and IgM type were present in the serums of all six patients. A bioassay is described that may be helpful in evaluating other patients with progressive idiopathic polyneuropathies. PMID- 1238955 TI - Tick paralysis: electrophysiologic studies. AB - A patient with tick paralysis had motor and sensory nerve conduction studies before and after removal of an engorged tick. The amplitudes of muscle action potentials evoked by stimulation of motor nerves were reduced initially, returning to normal after the tick was removed. Distal motor and sensory latencies also shortened after removal, and conduction velocities were improved 6 months later. Direct stimulation of muscle produced a normal response, and tests of neuromuscular transmission were normal, including the response to edrophonium. These findings are compatible with experimental results showing effects of the toxin on motor nerve terminals as well as on large sensory and motor nerves. PMID- 1238956 TI - Supranuclear paralysis of monocular elevation. AB - A man with bronchogenic carcinoma lost the ability to elevate his left eye voluntarily. His eyes were level in the primary position and the Bell phenomenon was normal, indicating that the ophthalmoplegia was caused by a supranuclear lesion. Other clinical and radiologic evedence indicated that there was a lesion in the rostral midbrain. A metastatic tumor, found in the right pretectum at autopsy, probably produced the ophthalmoplegia by interrupting axons destined for the superior rectus portion of the homolateral oculomotor nucleus and the interior oblique portion of the contralateral oculomotor nucleus. PMID- 1238957 TI - The 'empty' sella. AB - Records of all patients diagnosed as having an "empty" sella turcica at the University of Michigan Medical Center after 1972 were retrospectively reviewed. Nineteen patients satisfied the two criteria, absence of prior surgical or radiotherapeutic intervention and air within the sella turcica at pneumoencephalography. Associated clinical signs and symptoms were varied and nonspecific. Two patients had relative visual field deficits without increased intracranial pressure. Three patients had papilledema and were diagnosed as having had benign increased intracranial pressure. Increased intracranial pressure was not a consistent enough finding to be considered an etiology for the empty sella syndrome. PMID- 1238958 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to neural antigens in idiopathic polyneuritis and myeloradiculitis. Clinical-immunologic classification of several autoimmune demyelinating disorders. AB - Patients with peripheral nervous system disorders were tested for the presence of cellular hypersensitivity to peripheral and central nervous system antigens by means of the in vitro lymphocyte transformation technique. Lymphocytes sensitized to the neuritogenic peripheral nervous system P1L basic protein were found in pure polyradiculitis of the Guillain-Barre syndrome type. Lymphocytes from patients with myeloradiculitis underwent transformation by peripheral P2 basic protein and by central nervous system basic encephalitogenic protein. In cases of chronic relapsing polyneuropathy response was shown to the central nervous system basic encephalitogen and to both of the peripheral nerve basic proteins. Lymphocytes from patients with other neurologic conditions showed no response to any oth these antigens. These findings suggest that cell mediated immunity to specific basic proteins of the myelin plays a rolw in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned demyelinating disorders and may lead to a new approach in their classification and diagnosis. PMID- 1238959 TI - Alexia with left homonymous hemianopia without agraphia. A case report with autopsy findings. AB - Unusual findings at autopsy prompted this case report of a patient with the syndrome of alexia without agraphia. The expected disconnection of the left angular gyrus from both visual cortices was not found at postmortem examination. Multiple cerebral metastases were identified, but none were present in the presumed pathways connecting the left occipital lobe and the left angular gyrus. PMID- 1238960 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on cerebral blood vessels: interaction with vasoactive amines. AB - Prostaglandins B1 and B2 were topically applied to the pial vessels of mice and arteriolar constriction was observed. This constriction could be significantly increased if serotonin was added to B1, but not when norepinephrine was added. Response to B2 was not enhanced by the simultaneous addition of either serotonin or norepinephrine. Earlier work with prostaglandin F2alpha was replicated. F2alpha constricted pial arterioles and a significantly greater constriction was produced when norepinephrine was applied simultaneously with F2alpha. The data suggest that among the causes of cerebral vasospasm one should consider not only the action of singly agents, but also the combined effects of several agents that might be in contact with cerebral vessels. PMID- 1238961 TI - Pathogenesis of pigment and spheroid formation in Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and related disorders. AB - In a case of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, neuromelanin was found in neurons and, extracellularly, in the globus pallidus and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Some cells of pars compacta contained Lewey bodies. We propose that neuromelanin is formed by a metal-catalyzed pseudoperoxidation of lipofuscin, involving increased amounts of iron and copper in the affected regions. A similar mechanism of spheroid formation, often associated with neuromelanin, may result from pathologic accumulations of lipid peroxides during fatty acid oxidation of myelin. We suggest that neuromelanin is a late stage in the metabolism on intraneuronal and extraneuronal lipopigments. Discrepancies among the histochemical features of the pigment in different cases may be explained by differences in amounts of lipofuscin, neuromelanin, and their precursors. We propose relation of peroxidation to the pathogenesis of some related degenerative diseases. PMID- 1238962 TI - [Clinico-statistical data on the sexualtiy of the male diabetic]. AB - In 60 male diabetics aged between 16 and 60 followed up for 5 years, libido was found to be reduced in 58% and potency in 63%. The alteration in sex function would not appear to be related to the duration or gravity of the diseases, nor with the existence of vasculopathy; it was, however, related to age (a prevalence in elderly subjects) and to the existence of neuropathy. In one third of subjects, impotence preceded or was contemporaneous with clinical diagnosis of diabetes. Spermiogenesis alterations, present in more than half the cases, were closely related to gonadotropinuria LH; this finding, added to personal results and those obtained previously by other researchers, suggests a two-fold hypophyseal and Leydigian pathogenesis of impotence in the diabetic. PMID- 1238964 TI - [Determination of the gestational age by clinical examination of the newborn]. PMID- 1238963 TI - A rapid spectrophotometric method for the monitoring of embryonic development in ticks (Acarina: Ixodoidea). AB - A rapid spectrophotometric method for the monitoring of embryonic development in Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) is described. The method is based on a quantitative assessment of guanine, the prinicipal end-product of nitrogenous metabolism in ticks, which is gradually built up and stored in the rectal sac during embryonic development of the larvae. A study of the growth of tick embryos under constant temperature conditions and 6 different humidity conditions demonstrated that embryonic development was dependent on the water content of the eggs at the time of oviposition. When eggs lost more than 35% of their initial mass through evaporation, nitrogenous metabolism (as indicated by guanine production) was seriously affected and embryos died. PMID- 1238965 TI - [Cervical dilatation and pregnancy interruption using Rivanol for intrauterine filling]. PMID- 1238966 TI - [Thrombocytomenia caused by measles]. PMID- 1238967 TI - [Current problems of abandoned infants and their subsequent placement into institutions, variations according to the various regions of Hungary]. PMID- 1238968 TI - [Hyperlysinemia]. PMID- 1238969 TI - The mode of hatching of the monogenean Entobdella soleae, a skin parasite of the common sole (Solea solea). AB - Observations have been made on the hatching behaviour of the larva of the monogenean Entobdella soleae and on the effects of various enzymes on the opercular cement of the egg. These observations indicate that hatching is brought about by a proteolytic hatching fluid which is produced by two pairs of ventral head glands and spread over the inner surface of the opercular joint by rotation of the larva about its longitudinal axis. After hatching there is no trace of the ventral head glands. Similar glands are present before hatching in the oncomiracidium of E. hippoglossi. PMID- 1238970 TI - Fasciola hepatica: the ultrastructure of the epithelium of the seminal vesicle, the ejaculatory duct and the cirrus. AB - The ultrastructure of the seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, cirrus sac and cirrus is described. The epithelium of the seminal vesicle consists of a single layer of squamous to cuboidal cells. The apical ends of the cells have thin polymorphic lamellae and long narrow pits, both of which enclose normal spermatozoa. The cells have a moderate amount of GER and Golgi complexes which produce a lucid secretory body. The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. The apical surfaces of the epithelia are extended into triangular or filiform projections having thin sinuous lamellae. The cytoplasm contains GER cisternae and Golgi complexes which synthesize a dense ovoid secretion. The cirrus sac and cirrus are covered by a thin modified tegument. The cirrus has many spines and the normal ratio of T1 and T2 type of secretory bodies, whereas the cirrus sac has few spines and the T2 type of secretory body predominates over the T1 type. The significance and possible functions of the structures observed in the three tissues are discussed. PMID- 1238971 TI - In vitro oncospheral agglutination given by immune sera from mice infected, and rabbits injected, with eggs of Hymenolepis nana. AB - Oncospheral agglutination given by sera immunized with Hymenolepis nana eggs is described as a new way of assessing H. nana infection. All sera of mice which possessed acquired protective immunity against reinfection by H. nana eggs had the potency to induce oncospheral agglutination in vitro. Only oncospheres, which had been hatched, agglutinated, no agglutination occurred in sera from uninfected mice. Oncospheral agglutination was carried out by mixing 0-1 ml of serial two fold dilutions of serum and 0-1 ml of Hanks' balanced salt solution containing about 600 hatched oncospheres. Titre of agglutinins was indicated as a reciprocal of the final dilution capable of giving agglutination clusters made of three or more oncospheres. Agglutinins developed within 14 days after a primary infection with 500 shell-free eggs. There was no rapid increase of agglutinins within 4 days following a secondary infection. The titre increase coincided with the increase in dosages of eggs. Agglutinins were thought to be immunoglobulins, because the potency of the serum to agglutinate oncospheres was extinguished after absorption of globulins with rabbit anti-mouse globulin serum. Agglutinins were produced in rabbits by intravenous injections of shell-free eggs. The titres of the rabbit sera were much higher than those of mouse sera. PMID- 1238972 TI - Test and teach. Number four. Part 1. PMID- 1238973 TI - Breast-feeding: First thoughts. AB - Factors responsible for negative attitudes toward breast-feeding are discussed. These factors do not relate to the relative properties of bottle or breast milk, but to anxieties and conflicts women experience in relation to their breasts and sexuality. A review of factual data in the literature that can be brought to bear in the clinical management of these anxieties is presented. The impact of physician attitudes and physician intervention on breast-feeding trends is discussed. PMID- 1238974 TI - [Dynamic properties of thrombocytes in children with essential thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 1238975 TI - [Dysaggregational thrombocytopathies in children]. PMID- 1238976 TI - [Thrombopenic thrombotic purpura. A case with favorable course]. PMID- 1238977 TI - Dual effects of calcium ions on pacemaker activity in guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - The effects of various [Ca2+]0 on membrane potential (MP), action potential (AP) frequency, and isometric tension of isolated guinea-pig taenia coli were studied using intracellular recording techniques and simultaneous tension measurement. At 5.9 mM [K+]0 the order of potency of [Ca2+]0 this order is gradually reversed since high [Ca2+]0 becomes more potent in accelerating impulse discharges. At 2.5 mM [Ca2+]0 the line relating MP to log [K+]0 is not straight; its slope for a tenfold change of [K+]0 is 21.1 mV in the range between 5.9 and 17.7 mM [K+]0, and 51.5 mV between 32.45 and 59 mM [K+]0. In general, reducing [Ca2+]0 depolarizes the membrane whereas increasing [Ca2+]0 hyperpolarizes it. The Ca2+ induced changes of MP are reduced at high [K+]0. At 2.5 and 7.5 mM [Ca2+]0 the lines relating AP frequency and tension to the MP are nearly superimposed. In contrast, at 0.83 mM [Ca2+]0 the line is shifted to lower frequency and tension for all MP values studied. In conclusion, in the range of low [Ca2+]0 the system underlying pacemaker activity seems to be dependent on Ca2+ in two ways: 1. by an indirect negative action mediated by an increase of PK+ and by hyperpolarization of the membrane; 2. by a direct positive action which is not mediated by alterations of MP. In the range of normal and high [Ca2+]0 only potential mediated Ca2+-effects determine AP frequency. The hypothesis is put forward that Ca2+ may carry the background inward current responsible for pacemaker activity. PMID- 1238978 TI - Force velocity relationships in vascular smooth muscle. The influence of temperature. AB - Force velocity relationships of isolated vascular smooth muscle preparations were examined in the tetanized rat portal--anterior mesenteric vein by means of afterloaded isotonic contractions. Lowering of the temperature from 37 degrees C to 25 degrees C caused an average decrease of the follwoing parameters: maximal velocity of shortening at zero load from 0.51 to 0.28 muscle length/sec; maximal rate of tension increase (dT/dt) from 847 to 362 dyn/sec; mechanical tension developed at the maximum of dT/dt from 43 to 34% of the peak force generation; constant b of Hill's equation from 0.18 to 0.09 muscle length/sec. The latency was prolonged from 0.33 to 0.56 sec, and the time-to-maximum of dT/dt from 0.9 to 1.6 sec. Between 27 degrees C and 37 degrees C the following Q10 values were calculated: for the maximal velocity of shortening at zero load 1.56; for the maximal rate of tension increase 1.88; for the latency 1.63. No distinct influence of temperature could be observed on the extent of isotonic shortening at zero load (3.69 muscle length at 37 degrees C), on the extent of peak force generation (1107 dyn at 37 degrees C), and on constant a of Hill's equation (0.35 at 37 degrees C). It is concluded that parameters of contraction velocity in vascular smooth muscle depend on temperature, whereas the extent of contraction is independent of temperature. These findings are discussed in connection with the theory of the sliding-filament mechanism. PMID- 1238979 TI - Influence of volume expansion, serum sodium, and fractional excretion of sodium on urate excretion. AB - The relative contributions of volume expansion and increased fractional excretion of sodium to the uricosuria of saline infusion were assessed in 19 subjects by volume expansion with rapid infusion of 21 of hypertonic saline (3%), isotonic saline (0.9%), or hypotonic saline (0.45%). Urate excretion increased 385 mug/min (P less than 0.01) with hypertonic, 145 mug/min (P less than 0.05) with isotonic saline, and 294 mug/min (P less than 0.001) with hyptonic saline. When 150 meq of sodium chloride was administered as appropriate volumes of hypertonic, isotonic of hypotonic saline, the magnitude or uricosuria was correlated with volume load (r = 0.66, P less than 0.002). fractional excretion of sodium correlated with infusion volumes for all studies taken together (r = 0.35, P greater than 0.1). The relationship between fractional excretion of sodium and fractional excretion of urate was entirely attributed to their correlation with infusion volume. Both post-pyrazinamide urate excretion and pyrazinamide suppressible urate excretion increased with volume expansion. PMID- 1238980 TI - Evaluation of peritubular capillary microperfusion method by morphological and functional studies. AB - The present study was undertaken in anesthetized rats to evaluate the technique of efferent arteriolar and branch capillary microperfusion in the kidney. In contrary to previous suggestions, subsurface efferent arteriolar branches were demonstrated to occur prior to the surface site of insertion of the microperfusion pipette into an efferent arteriole. This finding, in addition to the presence of continued blood flow around the microperfusion pipette, provided an explanation for continued filtration and tubular reabsorption in nephrons under study. Moreover, additional microdissection studies demonstrated that a mean of 3.8 nephrons are surrounded by artificially perfused capillaries from a micropipette inserted into a single efferent arteriole. Thus, any obstructive effect of the microperfusion technique on post-glomerular blood flow might be expected to alter nephron function in only a minority of nephrons which are surrounded by artificial perfusate. The results also demonstrated the importance of avioding osmotic gradients between the animal's plasma and the artificial perfusate. A method is also described in which the correlation between in vivo diagrams and in vitro microdissections allows assessment of the completeness of the artificial perfusion of capillaries surrounding the surface loops of nephrons under study. PMID- 1238981 TI - Variation of proximal tubular reabsorptive capacity by volume expansion and aortic constriction during constancy of peritubular capillary protein concentration in rat kidney. AB - The present study was undertaken in anesthetized rats to examine the effect of aortic constriction and volume expansion on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption during constancy of flow and fluid composition in the peritubular circulation of the kidney. Efferent arterioles and branch capillaries were perfused at 625 nl/min with an artificial perfusate containing 9 g per oiter of albumin both before and during either aortic constriction or saline infusion. Results of recollection micropuncture studies in those tubules surrounded by artificially perfused capillaries were compared with results in control tubules in which the peritubular capillary flow and fluid composition were allowed to change during aortic constriction or volume expansion following saline infusion. Changes in single nephron filtration rate, fractional and absolute reabsorption induced by both aortic constriction and saline infusion were found to be qualitatively and quantitatively comparable in tubules with constant peritubular capillary microperfusion and in the control tubules with changing peritubular capillary environment due to the experimental maneuvers. Taken together, therefore, the present results indicate that with the use of the peritubular microperfusion technique no evidence is found to support a role of alteration in the peritubular environment in modulating the effect of aortic constriction or saline infusion on tubular sodium reabsorption in the rat nephron. Rather, these results provide indirect evidence in support of intraluminal factors as mediating these responses in tubular reabsorption to volume expansion and aortic constriction. PMID- 1238982 TI - Transport of ascorbic acid in perfused rat lung. AB - Rat lungs were perfused by recycling Krebs-bicarbonate solution in an apparatus which allowed negative pressure ventilation of the lungs. After addition of either reduced or oxidized ascorbic acid to the perfusion fluid serial samples were taken over 60 min and assayed for ascorbic acid. At the end of perfusion, lungs were assayed for ascorbic acid. The results show that reduced ascorbic acid was taken up by the lung and concentrated in the tissue. No appreciable transport of oxidized ascorbic acid was measured. PMID- 1238983 TI - The Hering-Breuer reflexes in the bronchial asthma attack. AB - The correlation between pulmonary stretch receptor activity and inspiration expiration duration quotient as well as respiratory frequency (Hering-Breuer reflexes) has been established before and during an asthma attack in the guinea pig. The Hering-Breuer reflexes subserving the self-regulation of breathing during uninfluenced spontaneous breathing no longer prevail after induction of a bronchial asthma attack. Increased stretch receptor activity following increased lung volume does not lead to inhibition of inspiratory activity (lung inflation reflex), but to an enhancement of the asthmatic tachypnoea. The latter is assumed to result from the expiratory self-compression of the lungs (lung deflation reflex). The enhancement of the deflation reflex by increasing lung volume during the asthma attack is discussed with regard to the uneven ventilation and the conditions in lung mechanics underlying the excitation of the lung deflation or collapse endings. PMID- 1238984 TI - The use of local anaesthetics to produce prolonged motor nerve block in the study of denervation hypersensitivity. AB - 1. Silastoseal cuffs containing 25% and 45% lignocain, 25% marcain and 25% NaCl were placed onto the sciatic nerve. The effects of this on the sciatic nerve as well as the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles was studied. 2. Cuffs containing local anaesthetics caused both early and late phases of paralysis, cuffs containing NaCl caused only the late phase of paralysis, showing that the late phase of paralysis was not due to the anaesthetic properties of the drugs. The paralysis produced by these procedures was irreversible. 3. Responses to indirect and direct stimulation of soleus and EDL muscles were compared to assess the degree of denervation. In case of cuffs containing 25% marcain and 45% lignocain more than half of the muscle fibres were denervated. 4. Acetylcholine sensitivity was assesses in all experiments. Soleus and EDL muscles from all animals that had cuffed nerves containing either local anaesthetics or 25% NaCl were hypersensitive to ACh. The degree of hypersensitivity could be correlated to the degree of "denervation" as assessed by comparing the directly and indirectly elicited twitch tensions. 5. It was found that the sciatic nerve undergoes degenerative changes when exposed to cuffs containing either local anaesthetics or 25% NaCl. PMID- 1238985 TI - Handling of allantoin by the rat kidney. Clearance and micropuncture data. AB - Renal excretion of allantoin was measured by tracer techniques. After injection of 2-C14 urate and H3 inulin, clearances of allantoin and inulin were measured and both proximal and distal tubules were micropunctured. In confirmation of earlier results 2-C14 urate injected into an intact animal is very rapidly converted to C14 allantoin: after 15 min more than 90% of urinary tracer is present as allantoin. It was further observed that 1) allantoin clearance is essentially identical with inulin clearance over a wide range of urine flows; 2) no net transport of allantoin occurs in either proximal or distal tubules. Clearly allantoin is handled by the rat kidney like inulin. The total excretion of filtered allantoin unlike that of filtered urate provides an easy and effective mechanisms for animals possessing the enzyme uricase to dispose of their purine loads. PMID- 1238986 TI - Effect of inhibitors and diuretics on electrical potential differences in rat kidney proximal tubule. AB - Active transport potentials were studied across early loops of rat proximal tubule during luminal perfusion and peritubular superfusion with HCO3- Ringer's solution of identical ionic composition. From the effects of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide and of ouabain it is concluded 1. that the lumen-positive active transport potential indicates an excess of active H+ secretion/HCO3- absorption over active Na+ absorption and 2. that the lumen negative active transport potential, which develops in the presence of glucose (and/or aminoacids) in the tubular lumen, indicates stimulation of active Na+ absorption. Ouabain did not abolish the lumen-positive potential difference suggesting that active H+/HCO3- transport and active Na+ transport may be to some extent independent. Among the diuretics tested the mercurial diuretic mersalyl acted primarily on Na+ transport, and furosemide acted on HCO3- transport, whereas the effect of ethacrynic acid appeared to be unspecific. PMID- 1238987 TI - Series elasticity in the intact heart. Evidence for the application of the Hill model for muscle to the intact left ventricle. AB - Several recent studies have shown that the contractile state of the intact heart may be described by the instantaneous relationships between contractile element velocity, length and stress. However, there is little direct evidence that the intact heart can be described by a model containing at least a contractile element and a series elastic component (SEC). In isolated muscle the series elastic component can be analyzed by determining the length changes following quick releases to known loads during contraction. The characteristics of the effective SEC of the intact left ventricle (LV) were determined by a quick release method in 8 dogs in which the left ventricle contracted isovolumically against a balloon inserted via the mitral annulus. During active contraction, sequential withdrawals of 0.5 to 7.0 ml of fluid were performed rapidly (5-18 msec) by an electrically-timed, springloaded syringe. From these releases the calculated maximum extension of the SEC averaged 4.03 +/- 0.27% of LV circumference at LV pressures averaging 79/6 mmHg (systolic/end-diastolic; range 66-107/0-15 mmHg.) The reductions of the left ventricular midwall circumference were plotted against the corresponding changes in mean wall stress. The load extension curve determined in this manner was unchanged by varying the time of release and by norepinephrine infusion. These data support a model for the intact LV that contains an undamped SEC, the characteristics of which resemble those of isolated cardiac muscle. PMID- 1238988 TI - Monosynaptic activation of a direct reticulo-spinal pathway by the dentate nucleus. AB - Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the output of the dentate nucleus can affect the excitability of spinal neurons via the reticular formation. In the first group of studies, the response of neurons in the medial reticular formation to stimulation of the dentate nucleus was investigated. In the second set of experiments, stimuli were applied in the same region of the medial reticular formation in order to determine whether neurons in the dentate nucleus could be antidromically activated from this part of the brainstem. The results indicate that the output from the dentate nucleus monosynaptically activates medial reticular neurons which project to the spinal cord. This finding, together with the observation that stimulation of the medial reticular formation can antidromically activate neurons in the dentate nucleus, demonstrates that there is an anatomical substrate by which the dentate nucleus can affect the excitability of spinal neurons via a rapidly conducting reticulospinal pathway. PMID- 1238989 TI - Effects of indomethacin on renal hemodynamics and on water and sodium excretion by the isolated dog kidney. AB - Blood-perfused isolated dog kidneys demonstrate steady increases in blood flow and in water and sodium excretion which could be attributed to the accumulation of renal prostaglandins in the perfusing blood. This hypothesis was tested by adding indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandins synthesis, to the perfusing blood. Indomethacin completely prevented the vasodilation observed in control kidneys, without affecting glomerular filtration rate. Urine volume was not modified but sodium excretion was enhanced while the steady free water clearance increment observed in the control kidneys was depressed by indomethacin. The sum of sodium and free water clearances which, in the absence of antidiuretic hormone, constitutes an index of the part of the filtered load of solutes which escapes proximal tubular reabsorption, was not modified by indomethacin. Finally, indomethacin partially maintained the osmotic cortico papillary gradient which was abolished after 2 hrs perfusion in control kidneys. These data suggest that prostaglandins accumulation in the blood is probably the major cause of the vasodilation taking place in isolated blood-perfused kidneys. This vasodilation does not account for decreased proximal reabsorption but partially explains the ADH-resistant diabetes insipidus developing in the isolated kidney. Moreover, indomethacin inhibits sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle's loop and increases water transport in the collecting duct. PMID- 1238990 TI - Investigation on the possible role of a work factor in thermoregulatory behavior of man. AB - During experiments on thermoregulatory behavior, subjects rested or exercised completely immersed in a water bath of constant temperature. They could adjust the temperature on their backs by means of a water-perfused pillow. The difference T diff between the freely selected temperature on their backs and the water temperature was taken as output of the system of thermoregulatory behavior. Tdiff depends on deep-body and mean skin temperature but not on a non-thermal work factor. In the equation Tdiff=ao + a1Tes + a2Ts, the ratio a1/a2 is approximately 3. This is much smaller than the same ratio for the correlation between sweat rate and deep-body and mean skin temperature which is of the order of 10. PMID- 1238991 TI - Glomerular filtration rate and microsphere distributions in single nephron of rat kidney. AB - In control non diuretic (ND) and in salt-loaded (SL) rats, both the microsphere technique and the 14C ferrocyanide infusion technique were used to determine the distribution of microspheres in single glomeruli and the SNGFR of the corresponding nephrons. A sample of microspheres with a diameter averaging 11.0 +/- 2.6 mu SD was selected from a 15 +/- 5 mu unlabelled batch. In each rat, three million of these microspheres were injected through the left carotid artery. The microspheres were directly counted under microscopic observation in the glomeruli of the nephrons which were microdissected to determine the SNGFR value. The number of microspheres per glomerulus for a given kidney generally varied from 0 to 8 and was independent to the SNGFR value. The diameter of the microspheres trapped was constant in all the animals. The mean number of microspheres for superificial (S) and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons was, (ND); S = 1.99 +/- 0.48 SE., n = 5; JM = 3.02 +/- 0.51 SE, n = 5; P less than 0.02, (SL): S = 3.75 +/- 0.53 SE, n = 6; JM = 2.86 +/- 0.33 SE, n = 6; P less than 0.05. This distribution was directly related to that of SNGFR in ND rats (S = 39.0 +/- 6.1 SD and JM = 49.5 +/- 10.3 nl/min) but not in SL rats (S = 50.9 +/- 6.1 and JM = 66.9 +/- 10.0 nl/min). In conclusion, the microsphere technique described in the present paper, appears more suitable for investigating single glomerular blood flow since the number and the size of the microspheres trapped are directly determined at the level of the glomerulus. PMID- 1238992 TI - Sodium and chloride transport by the intestine of the European flounder Platichthys flesus adapted to fresh or sea water. AB - 1. Everted intestinal sacs prepared from Platichthys flesus adapted to sea water (SW) have higher rates of salt and water transport than did sacs prepared from fresh water adapted (FW) fish. 2. Intestines mounted in Ussing chambers gave stable open-circuit voltages and short-circuit currents after pre-incubation for 20--30 min of --1.91 +/- 0.14 (14) mV and --45.0 +/- 5.1 (14) muA/cm2, SW fish, and --1.24 +/- 0.14 (11) mV and --18.2 +/- 3.6 (11) muA/cm2, FW fish. 3. Isotope flux measurements indicated a net Na transport of 21.5 +/- 4.1 (11) neq/cm2-min in SW fish intestines, but no significant Na transport in FW fish (7.6 +/- 7.6 (9) new/cm2-min). Both preparations showed an active Cl transport, 26.6 +/- 6.1 (12) neq/cm2-min for SW and 18.5 +/- 9.7 (17) neq/cm2-min for FW fish. 4. No significant difference in the uptake of Na or Cl across the mucosa was observed between FW and SW fish. The uptake of both ions showed some saturation at high concentrations. 5. Interactions between Na and Cl uptake were small, although Cl uptake was significantly higher in Na-free solutions. 6. It is concluded that electrogenic Cl transport may be the dominant mechanism for water and salt transport in flounder intestine, and that adaptation to a saline environment involves regulation of pumping rather than Na or Cl entry across the mucosal membrane. PMID- 1238993 TI - A critical reticular site involved in the spino-bulbo-spinal reflex system. AB - 1. In precollicular decerebrate cats, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the medullar was identified to be critically involved in the spino-bulbo spinal (SBS) reflex system. 2. Electrolytic lesion place in this nucleus eliminated the SBS reflex and its associated effects in the spinal cord. 3. Ascending volleys from the spinal cord were found to excite neurons within this nucleus, whereupon further direct stimulation was able to enhance the inhibitory effects of the SBS reflex on spinal motoneurons. These interactions were also facilitated by physostigmine and suppressed by atropine, indicating the cholinoceptive nature of these neurons, another criterion which qualified them as being associated with the SBS reflex. 4. The functional roles of SBS reflex and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in somatic and visceral activities were discussed. PMID- 1238995 TI - The effect of sudden stretches on length-tension-and force-velocity relations of mammalian cardiac muscle. AB - In the isotonically beating cat papillary muscle, a sudden augmentation of the preload initiates a visco-elastic strain retardation, in the course of which the preparations show a marked increase in their isotonic mechanogram amplitudes. It is preceded in the first seconds by a short-term decline. These effects correspond well with the phenomena of stress relaxation. When applying these post stretch phenomena to the length-tension diagram, it is shown that the isometric and isotonic length-tension curves are significantly shifted to greater distances with respect to the resting length-tension curve, involving even a doubling of the myocardial working capacity in certain cases. Stretch-induced alterations in Vmax which were obtained from damped quick-releases, initiated during isometric contractions are almost negligible. On the other hand Vmax obtained from quick releases which were started immediately after the onset of isotonic contractions are strongly affected by sudden stretches. The stair-like decline of the mechanograms in the initial phase of relaxation or retardation is assumed to be mediated by a stretch-induced alteration in the time course of the action potential. The additional reduction in myocardial performance superimposed on this, is consistent with the hypothesis of a stretch-induced transient inactivation or a delayed activation of contractile interaction sites. PMID- 1238994 TI - Adenosine response of the rat kidney after saline loading, sodium restriction and hemorrhagia. AB - Experiments were performed on three groups of rats. The first group consisted of sodium loaded (SL) rats (high sodium diet, 10 meq Na/day, the second group consisted of sodium restricted (SR) rats (low sodium diet, 0.7 meq Na/day) and the third group consisted of hemorrhagic rats (HR), which were bled with 1-1,5% of the body weight. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and sodium excretion were measured. In some animals renal blood flow (RBF) was recorded with an electromagnetic flow meter. Adenosine was injected or infused into the thoracic aorta. Bolus injection of 10 nmoles adenosine resulted in a rapid and marked decrease of RBF (40%) in SR rats whereas in SL rats only a very small decrease of RBF (2%) was observed. Continuous infusion of adenosine (10(-7) moles/min) decreased GFR by 54% in SR rats and by 33% in HR rats, whereas GFR in SL rats did not change significantly. 5'-AMP decreased GFR in SR rats by 18% and in HR rats by 32%. Adenosine and 5'-AMP caused a slight fall in the systemic blood pressure, but this decrease could not account for the decrease of GFR. The sensitivity of kidney vasculature to adenosine parallelled high plasma renin activity (162 ng ang/ml-h in SR and 76 ng ang/ml-h in HR), elevated renal vascular resistance and low GFR. Simultaneous infusion of angiotensin (Hypertensin), 250 ng/min, in SL rats resulted in an increase of sensivity to adenosine infusion: GFR decreased by 21%. Our experiments demonstrated that a marked renal vasoconstriction caused by adenosine only occurs in rats in which renin-angiotensin system was stimulated. PMID- 1238996 TI - Some properties of sympathetic neuron inhibition by depressor area and intraspinal stimulation. AB - In Nembutal anesthesized cats single shock stimulation of the depressor area of the medulla oblongata evoked inhibition of spontaneous and glutamate-evoked activity of sympathetic preganglionic units. Single shocks to the lateral funiculus of the cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord in acute spinal cats evoked inhibition of the spontaneous and glutamate-evoked activity of single units and of the segmental reflex mass discharge evoked by spinal afferent stimulation. Cats studied 4 to 6 weeks after a complete transection of the spinal cord also showed, on stimulation of the lateral funiculus below the transection, an inhibition of the segmental reflex with time course similar to that seen in the acute spinal state, but of lower threshold and greater intensity. These results suggest that the inhibitory coupling between supraspinal levels and sympathetic preganglionic units is mediated, at least in part, by propriospinal neuronal system which survive after chronic spinal section. On the assumption that the observed changes in the properties of inhibition are due to plastic changes consequent to partial denervation the results also suggest that continuous descending tracts exist, and that both the continuous and the propriospinal descending tracts may be converging onto some common neural element. PMID- 1238997 TI - Transport of amylase across the apical membrane of the pancreatic exocrine cells. Quantitative analysis of zymogen granules. AB - The number or the size of the zymogen granules was calculated in a determined volume slice of pigeon pancreas and in a total cellular fraction of zymogen granules isolated from a part of this organ having the same volume. The obtained values were not significantly different. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of digestive enzyme secretion. They confirm that amylase can be transported molecule by molecule across the intact apical membrane of the pancreatic exocrine cells. PMID- 1238998 TI - The effect of carotid sinus nerve stimulation on muscle and skin nerve sympathetic activity in man. AB - Microelectrode recordings of multi-unit sympathetic activity were made in the right peroneal nerve of 4 awake human subjects during carotid sinus nerve stimulation. 36 periods of CSN-stimulation gave in all cases an inhibition of the muscle nerve sympathetic activity and there was good temporal agreement between this effect and the reduction of heart rate and blood pressure. The neural inhibition was marked during the first part of the stimulation but with continued stimulation the sympathetic activity reappeared, in most cases with reduced strength. In contrast, 20 periods of CSN-stimulation had no reproducible effect on skin nerve sympathetic activity. In most cases, the neural activity remained unchanged but both increases and decreases could occur. The results demonstrate that stimulation of carotid sinus baroreceptors in man has different effects on sympathetic outflow to different regions: a clear inhibition of the outflow to the muscles but no discernable effect on impulses destined to the skin. PMID- 1238999 TI - Electrical responses of isolated protoplasm from Nitella. AB - Isolated protoplasmic droplets of the alga Nitella were investigated with microelectrodes in artificial vacuolar sap. The following observations were made: 1. Two types of preparations could be distinguished differing in size and in time of adaptation to artificial pond water but only slightly in their electrical behaviour. 2. The droplets proved to be electrically excitable in the sense that short current pulses elicited electrical responses which outlasted the stimuli. 3. The responses resembled nerve action potentials in shape and duration but they were graded and could be elicited as well in positive as in negative direction. Moreover, spontaneous changes of the normal resting potential (a few millivolts inside negative) did not influence their amplitudes. 4. In most cases the amplitudes of the responses grew with time and saturated after about 90 min. Before saturation the relation between stimulus strength and amplitude of responses was almost linear but became slightly S-shaped after saturation. The saturation value of the responses caused by 100 mus pulses of 1 muA/mm2 was taken as a standard response. In 32 experiments the standard response varied considerable between 2 and 90 mV and was 13 mV on the average. The observations suggest that quite different mechanisms are responsible for the transients of the Nitella droplets and the all-or-none responses of nerve fibres. PMID- 1239000 TI - A characterisation of spindle afferents from the intertransverse tail muscles in the rat. AB - The conduction velocities of myelinated afferent axons from the intersegmental muscles at the tail-base in rat range from 5.0--43.0 m-sec-1, and have a bimodal distribution with a boundary between the groups at 25.0 m-sec-1. Calculations of the dynamic indices of spindle endings, observed when stretching the muscle, show that axons from primary endings conduct at velocities above 28.0 m-sec-1 and those from secondary endings at below 24.0 m-sec-1. These characteristics resemble those of spindles in the rat hind-limb muscles, and do not compare with those in the more distally situated segmental tail muscles. PMID- 1239001 TI - Coronary responses to dilating substances and competitive inhibition by theophylline in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. AB - Coronary dilation induced by infusion of adenosine, adenine nucleotides, dipyridamole, and papaverine was quantitated in the spontaneously beating isolated perfused guinea pig heart. Theophylline antagonized the effects of all the substances tested. The inhibition proved to be reversible and of a competititve type. Single injections of ADP and ATP induced flow increases which were more rapid in onset and of greater magnitude than those due to equimolar amounts of adenosine. Lowering the perfusate temperature prolonged coronary responses to ADP and ATP more than those to adenosine. Papaverine produced greater maximal dilation than adenosine. Theophylline inhibited papaverine induced dilation less effectively than dilating responses to adenosine and other compounds. In the potassium arrested heart, the dilation caused by compound D 600 and papaverine was sensitive to the perfusate calcium concentration but that due to adenosine was unaffected. Dipyridamole, which was equipotent to adenosine in the non-arrested hear, became less potent than adenosine in the arrested heart. The results favour the view that all of the substances tested induce coronary dilation per se and that their effects are not mediated by adenosine. The dilator response to papaverine is assumed to be the result of two effects, one of which is inhibited by theophylline, the other by high extracellular calcium. PMID- 1239002 TI - Temperature sensitivity of outward current in cardiac Purkinje fibers. Evidence of electrogenicity of active transport. AB - 1. In cardiac Purkinje fibers the temperature sensitivity of the membrane current flowing after 2 sec in response to depolarizing clamp steps was recorded. When the temperature was quickly lowered (30 sec) from 37 degrees C to 20 degrees C for a period of 2 min the outward current was markedly reduced. The effect was immediately reversed upon rewarming. The reduction in outward current on cooling was most pronounced between 30 degrees C and 20 degrees C. 2. In the range of anomalous rectification cooling to 20 degrees C shifted the i.v. relation in a negative direction by a constant amount of 20 nA. Outside this potential range (negative to -80 mV and positive to -45 mV) the slope conductance was reduced with a Q10 of about 1.3. 3. In the presence of dihydroouabain cooling did not further reduce the outward current in the potential range of anomalous rectification. However, negative to -80 mV and positive to -40 mV the slope conductance was reduced. The results support the view that part of the outward current is generated by an electrogenic sodium pump which is inhibited by cooling. PMID- 1239003 TI - Differential blocking of motor fibers by direct current. AB - Differential blocking of alpha motor fibers was investigated in single fiber recordings when slowly rising direct current was applied to the gastrocnemius nerve in the cat. 18 out of the 26 (69.2%) L7 ventral root filaments, each of which contained 2-5 single alpha, or gamma motor fibers, or both, showed consecutive blocking from thicker to thinner fibers with increase of polarizing current. In the remaining 8 filaments (30.8%) thicker and thinner fibers were blocked almost simultaneously, or the order was reversed. The relation between the strength of the blocking current and conduction velocity is summarized on 30 alpha and 41 gamma fibers. The blocking current of each single fibers was shown to be inversely proportional to 2.01 power of conduction velocity (correlation coefficient -0.71). A regression line was also drawn for alpha fibers alone, its correlation coefficient being -0.60. Concerning prolongation of latencies of 82 single fibers (39 alpha and 43 gamma), it was shown that the conduction velocity, the smaller was the prolongation of latencies. In no experiments did the prolongation of latencies of single alpha fibers exceed the latency range of the mass alpha volley. Moreover, single alpha fibers were blocked earlier than or almost simultaneously with the mass alpha volley. PMID- 1239004 TI - Increase of potassium flux by valinomycin in embryonic chick heart. AB - The effect of different concentrations of the antibiotic valinomycin, was determined on 42K efflux and Na, K content of embryonic chick hearts. Valinomycin produces an increase of K efflux which is progressive in time and markedly dependent on the concentration of external K (0-5 mM) and valinomycin (10(-8) to 10(-5) M). The changes in K efflux is not due to a reversal of the Na-K pump mechanism, secondary to ATP depletion: i) the increase of K efflux by valinomycin persists in the absence of external Na ions. ii) analysis of Na and K content and 42K influx measurements with and without valinomycin indicate that active K influx is not inhibited in a solution containing 0.5 mM K and only slightly decreased in a solution containing 5 mM K. Valinomycin, acting as a K carrier, presumably increases K conductance of the cell membrane resulting in a rise in K efflux. PMID- 1239005 TI - Equipotency of hypertonic solutions of mannitol and sodium chloride in eliciting thirst in the dog. AB - The dogs were infused intravenously with either 3.6% NaCl or 20% mannitol solutions. Both infusions stimulated the animals to drink water when similar osmotic loads were introduced and exactly the same degree of cellular dehydration achieved. The amounts of water drunk at thirst threshold did not differ significantly. The results are discussed with relation to the hypothesis of osmometric control of water intake. PMID- 1239006 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in rats with hereditary hydronephrosis. AB - The renin-angotensin system was studied in rats suffering from hereditary hydronephrosis in which normal blood pressure, hyperkalemia, and damage to the renal medulla and distal tubules were found. An increased serum creatinine level, decreased creatinine clearance and increased 24 hrs urine volume were observed in rats with bilateral hydronephrosis. When compared to rats with normal kidneys, bilaterally hydronephrotic animals exhibited elevated plasma renin activity (9.9 +/- 1.3/S.E./ng AI/ml/hr vs. 2.4 +/- 0.4 in rats with normal kidneys), and decreased renal renin concentration (78 +/- 4 mug AII/g vs. 132 +/- 5). No correlation between the extent of kidney damage and renal renic concentration was found. After the hyperkalemia of the hydronephrotic rats was corrected, there were significant increases in both plasma renin activity and renal renin concentration, but the renal renin concentration remained significantly lower than that observed in animals with normal kidneys. The results suggest that renin production and/or storage capacity are diminished in hydronephrotic kidneys. PMID- 1239008 TI - [New Icelandic abortion law. Abortion on social indications before the 16th week]. PMID- 1239009 TI - [Idiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs are described. The description includes results of laboratory tests. All three cases were characterized by a short course of disease before the first "crisis". One of the dogs is still alive 2 years after the first crisis, having had one remission after 3 months. A second dog died five days after hospitalization (four days after initiation of medical treatment) whereas the third dog was killed one day after initiation of medical treatment because of rapidly developing weakness. PMID- 1239007 TI - Neuronal activity in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the cat. V. Topographical distribution of inhibitory effects mediated by the spino-olivocerebellar pathway. AB - The spatial distribution of inhibitory effects mediated by spinoolivocerebellar pathways and evoked by stimulation of the FRA was studied in Deiters' nucleus by intracellular recordings and extracellular measurements of positive field potentials. At a geven recording site individual nerves greatly varied in their effectiveness: Q and Saph, Tib and FDL were usually the most effective, while GS had very little effect. When comparing several recording sites, various patterns of dominating and nondominating nerves were found, resulting in a somewhat patchy distribution of responses. The results were supported by intracellular recordings, which showed that CF-mediated IPSPs can be evoked from a limited number of nerves only. The findings show that a discriminative pattern exists in the FRA-evoked spino-olivocerebellar-mediated inhibition. In addition, Deiters neurones were found in which the inhibition was evoked from a large number of fore- and hindlimb nerves. Such a generalized inhibitory pattern may be involved in interlimb coordination during locomotion. PMID- 1239010 TI - Causes of culling and death in sows. AB - Over a 4-year period, the annual number of culled sows in 9 Danish herds averaged 54.8 per cent of the year-sows and the number of culled sows in per cent of total number of farrowings averaged 25.8 (Table I). -- The culling rate varied considerably from herd to herd within the same year and from year to year (Tables I and II); however, the average annual culling rate for all the herds only presented small variations (Table II). The average number of litters reared per sow before culling was 3.6. The culling rate was higher in pedigree herds than in commercial herds, and it was highest in the small pedigree herds (Table III). The hygiene level in the herds and the introduction of new female breeding stock did not influence the culling rate (Table IV). A proportionally lower percentage of the sows was culled in herds where the dry and pregnant sows were housed in stalls and/or were tethered, as compared to herds where these sows were housed in pens (Table V). -- The culling rate in the age groups of sows with less than 8 farrowings remained at approximately the same level (Table VI). The main reason for culling was infertility problems, which were recorded in 41.4 per cent of the culled sows, while 16.7 per cent of the sows were culled because their litters were poor and/or small (Table VII). The mortality rate among the culled sows was 11.9 (Table VII), and the main causes of death were chronic pyogenic infections, which occurred in 25.5 per cent of the fatal cases (Table VIII). Certain aspects concerning the recording and calculation of culling rates in the different herds are discussed and it is emphasized that the culling rate per se may not have any direct relationship to the productivity in the herd. PMID- 1239011 TI - [Familial myasthenia. Observations in a father and his daughter]. PMID- 1239012 TI - [The pedagogic adventure of sexology]. PMID- 1239013 TI - Serological investigation of a faith healer's patient. PMID- 1239014 TI - [Effects of alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) on the developmental stages of Salmo gairdneri Rich]. PMID- 1239016 TI - Problems of aging: relieving itching in the geriatric patient. AB - Itching is a common condition in elderly patients and probablpy is caused by a combination of factors, low humidity being one of the most important. After determining that the patient does not have systemic pruritus, the physician should give advice about trying to increase the ambient humidity and about bathing, eg, to decrease the number of baths or showers, use warm water rather than very hot water, and soap only the axillary, anal, and pubic areas. In some instances the use of steroid creams or lotions may be helpful. PMID- 1239015 TI - [Immunosuppression in hematologic diseases]. PMID- 1239017 TI - [Comments on the article of P. Machemer: Problems in the diagnosis of minimal brain dysfunction in children. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie 23, 125-129 (1974)]. PMID- 1239018 TI - Influenza virus vaccine and egg allergy. PMID- 1239019 TI - Nuclear scattering applied to radiography. AB - The possibility of using the nuclear scattering of 500-1000 MeV protons was investigated, in order to obtain direct, three-dimensional reconstruction of an object with only one exposure. The resolution should be about 1 mm3. Preliminary measurements with an incomplete set-up give a resolution of 10 mm3. Additional independent information on the relative concentration of hydrogen compared to other elements should also be obtainable by nuclear scattering radiography. The radiation doses involved are comparable to those of other techniques. The first experimental results are given. PMID- 1239020 TI - Professional Standards Review Organizations. Another quality assurance program. AB - A brief history oa quality assurance efforts preceding the Professional Standards Review Organization law is presented. The goals of the legislation and its requirements and procedures are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the PSRO requirements for short-stay hospital review which is the area where PSRO efforts will initially concentrate. The possibilities of non-physician involvement in the review process are briefly discussed. PMID- 1239021 TI - Early neuromuscular development of the premature infant. AB - A case study is presented which documents the neuromuscular development of a premature infant (34-35 weeks gestation) during the first eight weeks of postnatal life. The development of postural tone, spontaneous activity, and responsiveness to stimulation is described and compared with that of the full term infant. This information is of value to physical therapists involved in evaluation and therapeutic intervention programs for high risk infants. PMID- 1239022 TI - Learned taste aversion induced by cortical spreading depression. AB - Male albino rats were cannulated and placed on a 24 hr water deprivation schedule. The animals were allowed 10 min access to water in a large animal cage for 5 days. On the sixth day of deprivation the animals were randomly divided into 6 groups and given either 12 percent KCl, 25 percent KCl, or Ringers solution applied unilaterally or bilaterally to the cortex immediately after access to 8 percent sucrose. On the seventh day of deprivation, each rat was placed in a two-choice situation with the sucrose solution and water. Only the unilateral and bilateral 12 percent KCl groups developed an aversion to the sucrose. These results indicate that CSD has aversive as well as amnesic properties, there exists a gradient of amnesia, dependent on concentration, and that the cortex is not necessary for learning a taste aversion. PMID- 1239023 TI - Development of running activity in maturing rats: dependence upon prior androgen exposure and ovarian function. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley derived rats were given either 1 mg testosterone propionate or an oil vehicle at 2 days of age. At weaning age half of each group were ovariectomized and at puberty the rats were placed in Wahmann activity wheels. In all groups there was a rise in running activity during the first 10 days after vaginal opening. This rise continued progressively in intact, ovulatory rats but did not continue in either persistent estrous or ovariectomized females. Beginning at 85 days of age running activity began to decline in all groups except the ovulatory females. This regression was protected against to some extent by ovariectomy in the androgen-treated females. It can be concluded that the ovaries are not required for either the initiation of running activity or the later decline seen in mature rats but that the gradually increasing running seen in intact rats is directly related to ovarian function. PMID- 1239024 TI - Variables affecting "spontaneous" seminal emission in rats. AB - The frequency of spontaneous seminal emission (SE) by isolated rats (X = 2.05 +/- 0.64/day) was not increased when estrous females were housed in adjacent cages. Coital ejaculation during mating tests temporarily inhibited the production of SE, and inhibition was more marked after 5 than after 1 ejaculation with a female. Males experiencing only 1 coital ejaculation tended to resume production of SE somewhat sooner if they were exposed to stimuli from estrous females than if such stimuli were lacking. The possible functional significance of spontaneous and self-induced noncoital seminal emission which is common in a variety of mammals is discussed. PMID- 1239025 TI - Relation of memory formation to controlled amounts of brain protein synthesis. AB - Anisomycin, an inhibitor of brain protein synthesis, was used to control the time and duration of protein synthesis occurring in mice after they were trained on a one-trial passive avoidance task. It was found that if synthesis was strongly inhibited for 6 to 8 hr, a high percentage of the animals was amnesic. However, if small amounts of protein synthesis were allowed to occur by permitting intervals of partial recovery of protein synthesis during the period of inhibition, then fewer mice were amnesic. The longer the duration of this interval of controlled synthesis and the closer it occurred to training, the greater the percentage of subjects remembering the training. PMID- 1239026 TI - Riding and ataxia. PMID- 1239027 TI - [Cultivation of gentiana lutea and main substances of some ecotypes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239028 TI - [Some terminological problems of the intoxicating agents concept and related phenomena]. PMID- 1239029 TI - [Comments on the theses concerning legislation on mental health protection]. PMID- 1239030 TI - Chlordiazepoxide and diazepam induced mouse killing by rats. AB - Chlordiazepoxide HCl, at dose levels from 2.5 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg, significantly increased the low base rates of mouse killing (3-9%) observed in large samples (N = 100/dose) of Holtzman strain albino male rats. Maximal killing rates were obtained at doses from 7.5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Diazepam was equally effective, and several times more potent than chlordiazepoxide. Pentobarbital did not increase killing. Killing induced by chlordiazepoxide was blocked by d-amphetamine SO4, but not by l-amphetamine, at dose levels similar to those that block undrugged killing in this strain (ED50 = 1.5 mg/kg). Unlike pilocarpine-induced killing, the effects of chlordiazepoxide were not increased or decreased significantly by either peripherally or centrally active anticholinergic drugs, over wide dose ranges of these agents; nor were the effects of chlordiazepoxide increased by repeated daily administration. PMID- 1239031 TI - Appearance of wet dog shake behavior during cobalt experimental epilepsy in the rat and its suppression by reserpine. AB - Rats rendered chronically epileptic by the implantation of cobalt in the right parietal cortex were simultaneously prepared with permanent cortical and temporalis muscle electrodes for longitudinal EEG and EMG recording. Animals treated similary with glass rods served as the controls. Wet dog shakes were quantified by counting the characteristic artifacts produced in the EEG tracings upon their appearance. The number of wet dog shakes exhibited by the control rats remained at a low and constant level over 18 days of recording. In contrast, wet dog shakes in the chronically epileptic rats began to increase by the fourth day after cobalt placement and remained significantly elevated up to the 18th day. Administration of reserpine to naive rats or to cobalt epileptic rats on days 7 and 9 after implantation resulted in an almost complete suppression of wet dog shakes which endured over a period of 3-5 days. These results suggest that the abnormally elevated wet dog shake response of the cobalt-epileptic rats and the spontaneous wet dog shake behavior of normal rats may be mediated by common neural pathways. PMID- 1239032 TI - Effects of drug experience on drug induced conditioned taste aversions: studies with amphetamine and fenfluramine. AB - Conditioned taste aversions (C.T.As) established in rats to 0.1% sodium saccharin by intra-peritoneal injections of DL-fenfluramine hydrochloride (6 mg per kg) or d-amphetamine sulphate (2.0 mg per ke) were found to be significantly attenuated, but not abolished altogether, by chronic pretreatment (over 9 days) with the specific drug. Prior treatment with fenfluramine attenuated the aversive effects of amphetamine, but the converse was found not to be the case. These results are considered to refute the "Unnatural need state AND "Novelty" hypotheses of the effects of prior drug experience on the establishment of C.T.As. An alternative explanation of such effects in terms of tolerance is considered, and the possible relevance of the results to studies of drug abuse in humans discussed. PMID- 1239033 TI - Plasma creatine phosphokinase levels in rats following lysergic acid diethylamide. AB - Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) injected intraperitoneally or intramuscularly did not increase rat plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. LSD did not produce an increase in serum CPK activity in rats kept in a 2 degrees C environment for 2 hrs. LSD also did not potentiate, in rats, the increase in plasma CPK activity produced by restraint at 2 degrees C or 24 degrees C. It is likely that the increases in serum CPK activity previously reported to occur in people who became psychotic following LSD ingestion are a consequence of the psychotic state itself rather than a direct effect of LSD. PMID- 1239035 TI - Dose-response effects of d-amphetamine on passive avoidance learning in the rat. AB - Trials and errors to learning a passive avoidance response were assessed in 63 albino rats injected subcutaneously with d-amphetamine, in amounts ranging from 0 7 mg/kg body weight. Both measures indicated dose-response effects on responding; animals under either low or high doses of d-amphetamine made significantly less errors and took significantly fewer trials to learn the response than did middle dosage animals. The scores of the lower and higher dosage animals did not differ from the nondrug control group. Results are discussed in terms of amphetamine stereotypy. PMID- 1239034 TI - Behavioural changes in laboratory mice during cannabis feeding and withdrawal. AB - The effects of feeding cannabis at a level of 0.4% in the diet has been studied by an ethological analysis of encounters between male mice. Administration of cannabis to dominant males resulted in a reduction of non-social activity and an increase in flight and in social and sexual investigation when compared with untreated controls, but the behaviour of subordinate males was not significantly altered by cannabis. One week after withdrawal of cannabis, the behaviour of diminant males showed a rebound effect with increase in aggression. Nevertheless, by a preference feeding test it was demonstrated that the treated mice were not dependent on the cannabis-containing diet but consumed the control diet in preference. PMID- 1239036 TI - The interaction of behavior and environmental conditions in the production of stomach lesions in the rat. AB - Moderate amounts of several different experimental procedures are capable of producing stomach lesions in laboratory rats. The fact that some animals fail to develop such lesions under most conditions suggests that uncontrolled variables are involved in the physiological response. Although physiological characteristics of the experimental animals have most often been studied, several reports indicate that the activity level of the animal just before the stress period is related to the proportion of animals that develop lesions or the severity of lesions that develop. This suggests that the tendency to develop stomach lesions may depend on the interaction between the level of an animal's activity and the nature of the environmental conditions to which it is exposed. A study is reported in which two equally pathogenic environmental conditions are shown to be differentially pathogenic for behaviorally different animals. PMID- 1239037 TI - Effects of acute exposure to stressors on subsequent avoidance-escape behavior. AB - This paper attempts to show that severely stressful conditions can lead to a deficit in avoidance-escape responding by reducing noradrenergic activity in the brain. It is argued that this stress-induced neurochemical change explains more adequately an avoidance-excape deficit seen previously in dogs after severe inescapable shock than does the "learned helplessness" explanation originally offered for this effect. A series of six experiments are described that test the stress-neurochemical change explanation, which is called the "motor activation deficit" hypothesis. The first experiment showed that a brief exposure to cold swim, which reduced central noradrenergic activity but did not induce "learned helplessness," produced an avoidance-escape deficit similar to that observed after inescapable shock in the original "learned helplessness" studies. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the deficit induced by cold swim was also similar to the original deficit in that it too dissipated with the passage of time and was reduced by pretraining animals in the correct response. Further experiments then showed that the deficit induced by cold swim was (a) aggravated by raising the height of the barrier between compartments in the shuttle box, and (b) did not occur if the avoidance-escape task used required little motor activity, both of the findings being predicted by the "motor activation deficit" hypothesis. Finally, an avoidance-escape deficit was produced by inescapable shock, and it was found that this stressor likewise did not impair avoidance escape responding if the task required little skeletal activity, a result not predicted by the "learned helplessness" hypothesis. The paper concludes by discussing how the results presented in this paper, as well as in succeeding papers, support the "motor activation deficit" explanation for certain avoidance escape deficits, defining the cases to which the explanation applies and discussing the neurotransmitters involved. PMID- 1239038 TI - Monamines as mediators of avoidance-escape behavior. AB - A series of three experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis ("motor activation deficit" hypothesis) that the avoidance-escape deficits observed following certain highly stressful conditions result from changes in activity of noradrenergic (or other monominergic) neural systems. These studies indicate that: (1) Depletion of monamines by a single injection of tetrabenazine produces an active avoidance-escape deficit when the avoidance-escape response involves a relatively high degree of motor activity but not when a minimum of motor activity is required. This parallels results found when animals are acutely exposed to a stressor prior to avoidance-escape testing. (2) Daily injections of tetrabenazine for a period of two weeks, like daily exposure to inescapable shock for the same period of time, markedly attenuates the magnitude of the avoidance-escape deficit produced by either a single injection of tetrabenazine or single session of inescapable shock. (3) Decreasing the stress-induced depletion of monamines by the use of an MAO inhibitor serves to protect the animals from the effects of inescapable shock, markedly reducing the avoidance-escape deficit produced by such shock. It is concluded that these results are consistent with the motor activation deficit hypothesis. PMID- 1239039 TI - Replication of arboviruses in mouse organ cultures. II. Multiplication of virulent and avirulent Semliki Forest and western equine encephalitis viruses in mouse organ cultures. AB - The titre of WEE virus produced by organ cultures of brain, muscle and spleen decreased as tissue was taken from older mice. The multiplication of SFV and SFA in muscle organ cultures of mice remained nearly constant, whereas in spleen organ cultures, titers of both viruses decreased with increasing age of mice. There was a striking difference in the rate of decline of the yield of brain organ culture infected with virulent and avirulent SF virus strains. Organ cultures made from the brains of mice over 16 days old were totally resistant to SFA infection, whereas similar cultures from mice up to 42 days of age supported SFV multiplication. These results show that the avirulence of this strain of SF virus is due to age related intrinsic brain insusceptibility. PMID- 1239041 TI - [Scintigraphic-splenoportographic comparisons in tumorous and non-tumorous liver diseases]. PMID- 1239040 TI - Ultrastructural study of African swine fever virus replication in cultures of swine bone marrow cells. AB - Cultures from pig bone marrow cells were infected with ASFV and the replication cycle was studied. In the cytoplasmic replication areas there are a differentiation of membrane segments. Some of them are polygonal, which give rise to virus particles. An over production of viral coded materials, including non polygonal membranes seems to be an important feature of the replicative cycle of ASFV in this cell system. Viruses are released enveloped with a cellular membrane. Paracrystalline arrays of viruses are seldom seen in the cytoplasm. At no time did we see viruses in the nucleus. Infected cells showed marked cytopathic effect, beginning at early times post infection. PMID- 1239042 TI - Twenty-four-hour patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion in humans: ontogenetic and sexual considerations. PMID- 1239043 TI - Changes in myocardial function as a consequence of prolonged emotional stress. PMID- 1239044 TI - Effect of midbrain raphe lesion on diurnal and stress-induced changes in serotonin content of discrete regions of the limbic system and adrenal function in the rat. PMID- 1239045 TI - Neonatal stimulation and maturation of the 24-hour adrenocortical rhythm. PMID- 1239047 TI - Twenty-four-hour cortisol secretory patterns in depressed and manic patients. PMID- 1239046 TI - The effect of exposure to two odorous compounds (pheromones) on an assessment of people test. PMID- 1239048 TI - Neuro-endocrine pattern of secretion during the sleep-wake cycle of man. PMID- 1239049 TI - [Potential biohazards of recombinant DNA molecules--what should be done by Japanese scientists-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239050 TI - [(A new electron microscopic method for DNA - BAC monomolecular layer)]. PMID- 1239051 TI - The relationship between microtubules and chromatin in spermatids of Acrididae. PMID- 1239052 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for the presence of two separate glycogen pools in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 1239053 TI - [Cytological studies on endo- and exocytosis in acellular slime molds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239054 TI - Cytoplasmic filaments and their assembly into bundles in Physarum plasmodium. PMID- 1239055 TI - Calcium and magnesium contents of ectoplasm and endoplasm of Physarum polycephalum plasmodium. PMID- 1239056 TI - Influence of the estrous cycle and prostaglandins on utero-ovarian vein blood flow in the rat. AB - The blood flow rate in the utero-ovarian vein (UOV) has been measured in adult female rats during the different phases of the estrous cycle. It was observed that the blood flow rate in the UOV is high at proestrus and at estrus and low during diestrus days 1 and 2. The intravenous injection of 10 mug PGF2alpha or PGE2 diminishes the blood flow rate in the UOV. The efficacy of the two PGs in reducing blood flow is different in the various phases of the estrous cycle, being maximal during the day of estrus. PMID- 1239057 TI - Hormonal changes around bovine luteolysis. AB - Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17beta, progesterone, LH and 13, 14-dihydro-15 keto-PGF2alpha were determined by radioimmunoassay on 2-hourly samples obtained around luteolysis and estrus in three dairy cows. The decline in progesterone occurred before the preestrous rise in estrogen and no pre-estrous peak of progesterone could be detected. The major activity of prostaglandin coincided, with declining progesterone levels and the active stage of estrogen secretion. PMID- 1239058 TI - [Amenorrhea - official presentation]. PMID- 1239059 TI - [Possibilities of stationary treatment for addicts]. PMID- 1239061 TI - [Air pollution and respiratory tract diseases--advances in current detection methods and their application]. PMID- 1239060 TI - [Acute renal failure after the infusion of hemoglobin solutions with or without red cell ghosts in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 85 rabbits 2j received a purified 6% hemoglobin solution free of ghosts (1,8 gHb/Kg) and were compared to 14 animals receiving the same dose of a crude hemoglobin solution containing ghosts. 11 rabbits had 5 infusions with a daily dose of 1,2 g Hb/Kg of the stromafree solution. Controls were partly untreated partly infused with saline. Creatinin, urea, electrolytes, and haptoglobin were determined in the serum oxygen consumption was measured separately in cortex and medulla by Warburg technique, and all kidneys examined histologically. In both groups 20% of the animals died spontaneously. Both groups exhibited the typical morphological and functional signs of acute renal failure. There was an increase in creatinin, urea, and potassium in the serum and a gain in kidney weights. In cortex and medulla we found a 20% drop in O2 consumption in both groups. Thus there was no evidence that ghosts play any role in the pathogenesis of renal failure in hemolysis or in the course of Hb-infusions. even after 5 infusions with lower dose renal damage was demonstrable. The drop in haptoglobin levels indicates, that renal ischemia may be induced by a disturbance in hemoglobin breakdown. The pathogenesis of renal damage has to be elucidated before Hb solutions come into therapeutical use. PMID- 1239062 TI - [Prostaglandin and the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239063 TI - [Platelet aggregability in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239064 TI - [Polarcardiogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239065 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct. (VII) Sinus bradycardia and atropine]. PMID- 1239066 TI - [Physiological effect of myocardial depressant factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239067 TI - [Left atrial myxoma--especially on findings of UCG and ACG (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239068 TI - [Pacing induced Wenckebach periods, studies with His bundle electrogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239069 TI - [Glioma of the posterior limbic system revealed by transient global amnesia. Anatomic-clinical observations of 1 case]. AB - Transient global amnesia occured three months previously to a tumoral Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropathologic studies discovered a polymorph glioblastom strictly localized to posterior limbic system. The interest of topography and associated degenerations is pointed out. PMID- 1239070 TI - [Metabolic response to trauma: potassium and water content in skeletal muscles]. PMID- 1239071 TI - Immunoglobulins in normal children by immunoelectrophoresis and quantitative radial immunodiffusion: values from birth to three years. PMID- 1239072 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Toxocara canis eggs. PMID- 1239073 TI - [Angiography and renal tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - The value of renal angiography is assessed on the basis of findings in 40 cases of renal tuberculosis. The differential diagnosis from unspecific infective renal disease and from hypovascular renal tumors is discussed. PMID- 1239074 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of thrombosis of renal veins (author's transl)]. AB - Recent literature shows thrombosis of renal veins to be more common than so far assumed. When it is suspected clinically, angiographic examination is essential since conventional and nuclear-medical examinations give only uncharacteristic results. Causes and clinical findings are outlined and two cases reported. The follow-up of the second case shows that in spite of progressive renal vein thrombosis renal function may be maintained if good collaterals develop. PMID- 1239075 TI - The concentrations of retinol-binding protein, prealbumin, and transferrin in the sera of newly delivered mothers and children of various ages. AB - Umbilical-cord blood from 50 full-term newborns and capillary or venous blood from 226 children varying in age from 6 weeks to 16 years was examined for content of retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin, and transferrin. The mean levels of the three proteins in the newborns were 21 mug/ml, 128 mug/ml, and 1.65 mg/ml, respectively. The corresponding maternal levels were 39 mug/ml, and 3.2 mg/ml. Paired serum values of mothers and newborns showed a correlation for both RBP and prealbumin but not for transferrin. The low levels of RBP at birth (about 50 per cent of that of nonpregnant women) increased rapidly over the first 6 months to a maximum of 31 mug/ml but declined thereafter to a mean level of about 26 mug/ml, which was maintained until the age of puberty when adult values were gradually attained. In serum, the prealbumin levels showed a similar development, whereas the transferrin values reached constant adult levels as early as 2 years of age. PMID- 1239076 TI - In vitro target cell lysis mediated by normal human lymphocytes. Influence of molecular properties and affinity of inducing antibody. AB - Lysis of DNP-coated chicken erythrocytes by human blood lymphocytes (K cells) was induced by means of rabbit anti-DNP antibodies. Antisera were prepared by injecting the animals with DNP-conjugated proteins emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. An ammonium sulphate precipitation technique was used for assay of antibody concentration and affinity. Sephadex G-200 chromatography indicated that 90% of the DNP antibodies were 7S in the bleedings on days 10-16, whereas 99.8% were 7S in later bleedings. 7S antibodies induced K-cell lysis at high dilutions, whereas 19S antibodies were essentially negative. Antibody fractions obtained by DEAE- or CM-cellulose chromatography were used to establish possible heterogeneities in the capacity of 7S antibodies to induce either K-cell or complement-mediated target cell lysis. No such heterogeneities were founnd. Fifteen IgG preparations containing antibodies of different affinities were compared with regard to their capacity to induce K-cell-mediated lysis. A statistically significant correlation was found between antibody affinity and efficiency in K-cell-mediated lysis. In a similar study of complement-mediated lysis the correlation was not significant at the 5% level but was significant at the 10% level. PMID- 1239077 TI - Slime moulds in biological research. PMID- 1239078 TI - Brown pelicans: improved reproduction off the southern California coast. AB - Although still about 30 percent too low for population stability, productivity of California brown pelicans at their two northern colonies has improved significantly since 1971. Numbers of adults breeding probably reflect food supplies and recruitment from more successful colonies to the south, but improving fledging rates (up to 0.9 young per nest in 1974) reflect better egg survival and improving eggshell condition, with declining DDE contamination in anchovies, their major food source. PMID- 1239079 TI - Independence of "on" and "off" responses of retinal ganglion cells. AB - Recordings of action potentials from retinal ganglion cells that are stimulated repetitively demonstrate two properties (i) variability introduced during the stimulus is not evident in the response that occurs at stimulus offset and (ii) variability in the ON response shows a different temporal structure than variability in the dark. Our findings demonstrate that these responses are generated independently. PMID- 1239080 TI - Changes in the intensity and pleasantness of human vaginal odors during the menstrual cycle. AB - Men and women estimated (by the method of magnitude estimation) the pleasantness and intensity of the odors of vaginal secretions sampled from consecutive phases of 15 ovulatory menstrual cycles of four women. On the average, secretions from preovulatory and ovulatory phases were slightly weaker and less unpleasant in odor than those from menstrual, early luteal, and late luteal phases. However, considerable variation in odor patterns was present across cycles from the same donor, as well as across cycles from different donors. These results indicate that human vaginal odors change slightly in both pleasantness and intensity during the menstrual cycle, but do not support the notion that such odors are particularly attractive to humans in an in vitro test situation. PMID- 1239081 TI - Some observations on the decline in the United States dizygotic twinning rate. PMID- 1239082 TI - The flower children of Sudbury: a note on social work services for a counterculture population. PMID- 1239083 TI - Editorial: Current status of management of hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 1239084 TI - Maduromycosis (Madura foot) in Kentucky. AB - The first case of proven maduromycosis originating in the state of Kentucky, and the 21st case reported in the United States, is described. The disease, which involved the foot, was caused by Monosporium apiospermum. The importance of suspecting and culturing for fungal organisms in cases of chronic or recurrent infections of the extremities is stressed. The method of treatment was experimental; whether true cure was accomplished may not be known for years. Although many fungi, including Monosporium apiospermum, are relatively resistant to all forms of chemotherapy, some types of fungi readily respond to easily administered antibiotics. Specific fungal identification by trained mycologists is important in all cases of mycetoma. PMID- 1239085 TI - Letter: Lactation in grandmothers. PMID- 1239086 TI - [Epidemiological surveillance of Venezuelan equine encephalitis on the Northern border]. PMID- 1239087 TI - Prenatal epidemiology of spontaneous cleft lip and palate, open eyelid, and embryonic death in A/J mice. AB - Nongenetic bases of variability in the frequencies of spontaneous cleft lip and palate (CLP), open eyelid (OL), and fetal resorption were searched for in A/J mouse litters of prenatal ages 17-21 days post-VP and parities 1-7. The malformation rates did not decrease with advancing fetal age, and hence prenatal elimination does not account for the lower rates seen in newborns. Multivariate analysis indicated that the frequencies of CLP and resorption were inversely related to maternal age and directly related to litter size, and that the frequency of OL was related, directly, only to litter size; but that none were associated with maternal weight, parity, and several other variables. Regarding uterine location, the frequency of CLP was higher at the ovarian and cervical sites, OL higher at the cervical site, and resorption lower at the ovarian site, than elesewhere. CLP was significantly commoner in females, and OL commoner in males; also, since the percentage of males increased with parity, the frequency of CLP in males relative to that in females decreased with parity, and that of OL increased. Malformed offspring weighed less than normal ones; and the sex with the lower frequency of CLP or OL had the greater weight reduction. The results are discussed in relation to the frequency of malformations in human fetuses and newborns. PMID- 1239088 TI - Proceedings: Comparative hemorheological and biochemical studies of a bovine fibrinogen. PMID- 1239090 TI - Proceedings: Localization of microfilaments and microtubules during functional shape changes of human platelets (adhesion, aggregation, retraction). PMID- 1239089 TI - Proceedings: Cleavage of thrombosthenin A and A' by thrombin. PMID- 1239091 TI - Proceedings: Binding of anti-actin auto-antibodies to platelets. PMID- 1239092 TI - Proceedings: Inhibition of bovine factor VIII and ristocetin plus human factor VIII induced platelet agglutination by small peptides. PMID- 1239093 TI - Proceedings: Human and bovine prothrombin: sequence homology. PMID- 1239094 TI - Proceedings: Binding of Ca++ to human prothrombin. PMID- 1239095 TI - Proceedings: Isolation and properties of the abnormal factor X induced by vitamin K antagonist (PIVKA-X). PMID- 1239096 TI - Proceedings: The isolated surface membrane of pig platelets: II. Analytical characterisation and study of integral proteins. PMID- 1239097 TI - Proceedings: Effects of bovine factor VIII-related protein on human platelets and isolated human platelet membranes. PMID- 1239098 TI - The clot-forming ability of fibrinogen in solutions containing glucose and sorbitol. PMID- 1239099 TI - [Some figures for the year 1974 concerning mastitis of cattle in the Netherlands (author's transl)]. AB - With the co-operation of the industry, information has been received for 1974, just as for the years 1971 to 1973, about the number of short-acting and long acting injectors sold in the Netherlands. This reveals that the sales of short acting injectors have in 1974 shown practically no change (-0.7 per cent). The use of long-acting preparations shows a clear rise in 1974, in comparison with 1973, namely 16 per cent. This is a favourable trend. The total losses caused in 1974 by mastitis have not changed in comparison with 1973. The individual stock farmer has little idea of the losses suffered by him on account of mastitis. The estimated total damage as a result of lost milk production in the Netherlands is about 100 million guilders a year. The damage due to premature culling occasioned by mastitis of cows runs at about 50 million guilders a year. All in all this represents damages of 75 guilders annually for every dairy cow and every cow in calf. It is imperative that this is realised by all bodies concerned with dairying in the widest sense of the world. PMID- 1239100 TI - [Prevention of diseases in young calves]. PMID- 1239101 TI - Some observations on the determination of cortisol in human plasma by radioimmunoassay using antisera against cortisol-3-BSA. AB - Antisera were obtained from rabbits immunised against cortisol-3-BSA with a view to examining their application in a radioimmunoassay of the steroid. One such antiserum was studied in detail; cross-reactivity with other C21 steroids normally present in human plasma was negligible and it proved possible to establish a radioimmunoassay which satisfied all criteria of reliability. The specificity of the cortisol determination achieved in human plasma was examined by performing measurements with and without including an initial Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic purification step; the values obtained were in excellent agreement both for normal plasma and for that obtained following adrenal stimulation with ACTH. PMID- 1239102 TI - Production and characterisation of antisera to 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone. AB - The production of highly sensitive and specific antisera to 18-hydroxy-11 deoxycorticosterone (18,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) is reported. The antisera were generated in rabbits and guinea pigs with a 3-carboxymethoxime derivative of the steroid coupled to rabbit serum albumin. Antibody characteristics were determined by a radioimmunoassay procedure. Only minor differences between the two animal species were observed. Antibody titers ranged from 10 to 8000. Association constants were in the order of 10(8) to 10(10) 1/mole. A minimal amount of 40 pg unlabeled steroid was necessary to displace 50% of the tritiated steroid. Cross reaction with cortisol was 0.0002% to 0.031%, with aldosterone 0.0007% to 1.09%, with corticosterone 0.0025% to 1%, with 18 hydroxy-corticosterone 0.05% to 1% and with progesterone 0.0048% to 1.5%. PMID- 1239104 TI - [Use of muonic x-rays for elemental analysis of tissues in vivo. Preliminary experiments on bone]. PMID- 1239103 TI - [New method of measuring total and regional bone fixation of calcium in patients with Paget's disease treated with salmon calcitonin]. PMID- 1239105 TI - Plasma exchange in the treatment of immune disease. AB - Plasma exchange was investigated as an alternative to the use of toxic drugs to remove unwanted antibody. Studies in rabbits immunized with bovine serum albumin demonstrate that exchange transfusion after a primary immunization results in a rebound of antibody to above preexchange levels. However, exchange transfusion seven, 11, or 18 days after secondary immunization results in permanent lowering of antibody levels. Plasma exchange with the continuous flow centrifuge was used in four patients with hematologic diseases. White cell isoantibodies were removed in a septic leukopenic patient, permitting white cell transfusions. Two patients with immune thrombocytopenia were exchanges; one showed prompt and permanent elevation of platelet count, while the other did not improve. A patient with immune hemolytic anemia had stabilization of hemoglobin levels and decreased Coombs reactivity following plasma exchange. PMID- 1239106 TI - Segregation of the clinical course of transmissible venereal tumor with DL-A haplotypes in canine families. PMID- 1239107 TI - Effects of interference with cerebellar maturation on the development of locomotion. An experimental model of neurobehavioral retardation. PMID- 1239108 TI - Discussion: Phenylalanine hydroxylase in human kidney; relevance to Phenylketonuria. PMID- 1239109 TI - [Urodynamic and urostatic measurement methods]. PMID- 1239110 TI - Synchronous testicular tumors in identical twins. AB - Testicular tumors are found in approximately 2 per 100,000 population. An extremely rare occurrence of synchronous testicular tumor in identical twins is presented. A complete review of the world literature with regard to testes tumors in brothers and twins is also given. PMID- 1239112 TI - Editorial: Putting practice under the microscope. PMID- 1239111 TI - Amyloidosis induced in hamsters by a filarid parasite (Dipetalonema viteae). AB - Amyloidosis was induced in hmasters infected with the filarial nematode parasite, Dipetalonema viteae. The incidence of amyloidosis was 64% in a group inoculated with 150 larvae and 54% in the group receiving 150 larvae in each of two inoculations. Amyloidosis was not seen in control animals. Microfilariae probably served as the antigenic stimulus in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis, since those animals in which amyloidosis was formed had microfilaremias that were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) both in number and duration than those in infected animals that did not develop amyloidosis. Other reports of amyloidosis associated with filariasis are reviewed. PMID- 1239113 TI - Plasma oestrogen and progesterone in relation to superovulation and egg recovery in the cow. AB - Pregnant mares serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was used in combination with prostaglandin F2alpha or its analogues to induce superovulation in 25 heifers. Total unconjugated oestrogen and progesterone were determined in peripheral plasma of these superovulated animals, and the levels compared with those found during the normal oestrous cycle. A very high level of oestrogen was found between day 3 and 6 after superovulation, and it seems likely that large unovulated follicles were responsible for the excess steroid. Similarly, progesterone levels were raised in the superovulated animal presumably due to production by the numerous corpora lutea. In two heifers, in which overstimulation of follicular development had occurred, there were no ovulations in one of the animals while in the other animal there were 16 ovulations but early regression of corpora lutea was indicated. It is concluded that the poor recovery of eggs on day 6 after superovulation could have been due to deleterious effects of high levels of oestrogen on either the motility of the genital tract causing the premature transport of eggs, or the properties of the zona pellucida. PMID- 1239114 TI - A veterinary-controlled meat and poultry inspection centre in Canada. AB - After being awarded a Sir Winston Churchill Fellowship the author visited Canada to examine the meat and poultry industry, particularly methods of production, inspection and retailing. This article deals with the methods of meat and poultry inspection employed in Canada's meat and poultry processing plants. PMID- 1239115 TI - Translation of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA's in mammalian cell-free systems. PMID- 1239116 TI - Host-range mutant of fowl plague virus (FPV): comparison of the genome and virus proteins. PMID- 1239117 TI - [Use of infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra in the analysis of mixtures in polysaccharide complexes from the tissues of metastases from chorioepithelioma of the uterus]. PMID- 1239118 TI - [The clinical picture of spinal cord tumors with different histostructures in children]. AB - An analysis into the results of treatment accorded to 101 sick children wiht tumours of the spinal cord evidences that the clinical picture of this pathology is distinguished by a number of features that depend on the histological structure, high compensatory potentialities and extraordinary plasticity of the child's spinal cord and vertebral column. In this connection of prime importance becomes the significance of assessing the data derived from a comprehensive examination, due consideration being given to the age-specific features of the patients. As concerns their incidence in children first and foremost are tumours of the glial series, distinguished by a comparatively mild course of the disease, paucity of focal and conduction symptomatology that is incongrous with the extent of the lesion involving the spinal cord both along its vertical and transverse section. The tumours of the meningovasal series are of rare occurrence, their salient feature being malignant evolution of the affection with extradural localization. Notwithstanding their intensive growth the heterotopic tumours cause in a number of cases some difficulty in the topicodiagnostic respect, this being due to a well-pronounced memingeal syndrome with an extremely poor focal symptomatology. An early surgical and radiation treatment of tumours in the glial series renders a realively good curative effect with partial restoration of disturbed functions in the early and late post-treatment periods. PMID- 1239119 TI - [Influence of vitamins C, Bl, and B6 on the diurnal periodicity of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in patients with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis]. AB - Diurnal periodicity of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex was studied in 52 patients with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis without and with circulatory insufficency of the I, IIA and IIB stage, based on the determination of 17-OCS in 3 portions of the urine collected at equal 8-hours long time intervals. The patients without circulatory insufficiency and with insufficiency of the 1st stage received ascorbic acid in amounts of 0.3 g thrice a day, along with vitamins B1 and B6 (5 and 6 per cent) in doses of 1 ml for 14-16 days. Patients with circulatory insufficiency of the IIA and IIB stages were given vitamins and cardiac glycosides. Investigations ascertained disturbed rhythmic and functional activity of the suprarenals in these patients. The treatment resulted in improving the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex with simultaneous normalization of the rhythmic activity of the suprarenals. PMID- 1239121 TI - MNSs and Miltenberger frequencies in 211 Chinese. AB - In serial MNSs tests on blood samples from 211 Chinese, 10 Mi(a+) were found, 9 of which were shown to belong to Miltenberger cell class III (Mi-III); it was assumed by analogy that this also applies to the tenth. The frequency of Mi-III in this Chinese series is thus 4.7%, almost 500 times higher than in Whites. Seventy persons in the series were tested for the Stones antigen: 2St(a+) were observed. Attention is drawn to the 'variant N' reactions of M Mi-III blood: positive with Vicia graminea extract, weakly positive with rabbit, negative with human anti-N. The reactions can be a source of error in MN tests on Chinese bloods. PMID- 1239120 TI - [State of the metabolism of thiamine in white rats during the long-term administration of ethanol]. AB - Following introduction of ethyl alcohol in a dose of 4 g/kg for 4 months to rats receiving a solid food ration and 5gamma of thiamine the activity of the erythrocytes transketolase and the thiamine level in the liver did not experience any marked changes, but the transketolase activity in the liver increased. A replacement of one half of carbohydrates in the liquid ration with an isocaloric quantity of ethyl alcohol led over a period of 2 and 4 months to a rise in the activity of the erythocytes transketolase. The thiamine content in the liver mounted too, but then transketolase activity in the liver significantly decreased. The cause accounting for the conflicting liver transketolase changes with different rations and the mechanism of the "thiamine-saving" action of ethyl alcohol are discussed. PMID- 1239122 TI - [Nature of diseases in poultry farm workers]. PMID- 1239124 TI - [Case of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by actinomycosis of the paravesical region]. PMID- 1239123 TI - Bovine heterografts for hemodialysis. AB - Long-term results with 52 bovine, 53 saphenous vein and 78 radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) were analyzed. Side-to-end radial-cephalic AVF provided the best patency data, and remain the preferred access system for hemodialysis. Bovine AVF were next in ranking with better patency rates than for the saphenous vein AVF studied. Corrected one-year patency rates were 71 percent for bovine, 45 percent for saphenous and 91 percent for radial-cephalic AVF. The incidence of nonthrombotic complications with bovine AVF was higher than with saphenous vein AVF. Distal ischemia due to "steal" and certain bleeding and wound complications were unique to bovine AVF. Excellent dialysis blood flow rates and easy accessibility were provided by bovine grafts. When a satisfactory radial cephalic AVF cannot be created, bovine graft AVF is an acceptable alternative for hemodialysis access. PMID- 1239125 TI - [Psycho-socio-somatogenic mechanisms in sexual disorders]. PMID- 1239126 TI - [Tuberculosis of the breast]. PMID- 1239127 TI - [Andro-urological phantom (a.u.p.). Proposal for a phantom for exercises on bladder catheterization, prostatic palpation within the frame of the early diagnosis of cancer, for prostatic-punctures and further urological methods]. PMID- 1239128 TI - [Notes on "combined treatment of the aging heart with digitalis-convallaria glycosides". Notes to the contribution of Meixner and Dobler in ZFA, issue 10/1975]. PMID- 1239129 TI - [Letter: Improven "methods of treating cancer". Comment on the article by S. Heyden in ZFA 3/1975]. PMID- 1239130 TI - [Proceedings: The current state of non-invasive diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with M-scan, conventional, triggered and real-time B-scan echocardiography and continuous swivel technic]. PMID- 1239131 TI - [Proceedings: Heart size and hemodynamics in rest and under stress in obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1239132 TI - [Proceedings: Diastolic volume and myocardial elasticity in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1239133 TI - [Proceedings: The IHSS as a surgically important cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1239134 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular stenosis (IHSS)]. PMID- 1239135 TI - [Proceedings: Provocation tests in the diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular stenosis]. PMID- 1239136 TI - [Proceedings: Cardiovascular fetal malformations due to fetal alcoholism syndrome]. PMID- 1239137 TI - The case for mandatory continuing education as a prerequisite for re-licensure. PMID- 1239138 TI - Foreign body in the right atrium: a complication of Pudenz ventriculo-atrial shunt. AB - A dislodged Pudenz ventriculo-atrial shunting catheter in a 1.5 year old girl, removed from the right heart by right atriotomy, is presented. The diagnosis, complications and treatment of this unusual complication of the Pudenz shunt are discussed. PMID- 1239139 TI - [The effect of ablation in the n. medianus raphe on the aggressive and sexual behavior of white rats]. AB - A study was made of a change in the aggressive and sexual behaviour of albino rats under the influence of ablation of the n. medianus raphe whose serotonin containing units send ascending projections to the forebrain. Ablation of the nucleus produced a drop in the serotonin level in the forebrain, and aggressiveness to mice, which was much more pronounced in the male than in the female animals. Intraspecial aggressiveness between animals of the same sex and the sexual behaviour of the male rats did not change. It has been assumed that n. medianus raphe exerts an inhibitory influence on the manifestation of aggression of the "predatory" animal. PMID- 1239140 TI - [Electrographic activity in rats during elaboration of fine distinctions]. AB - A definite correlation has been found between the background EEG, the sensory afterdischarge (SAD) of the visual cortex and the nature of the animals' behaviour. Calmer rats with a well pronounced SAD exhibited activation of a certain type of hygienic movements, as fine differentiations were presented. As a rule, the movements were accompanied by EEG synchronization. At the same time positive conditioned reflexes persisted, in spite of an increased number of collisions. In restless animals, as the stress situation became stronger, forced movements appeared against the background of EEG desynchronization with a slightly pronounced SAD, alternating with numbness and stupor. Conditioned reflexes disappeared for several weeks. It has been assumed that relative retention of temporary connections in stress situations in animals with a well pronounced SAD is linked with the defensive-stabilizing nature of the inhibitory synchronized EEG rhythms. PMID- 1239141 TI - [Aggression and dominance in pairs of male rats]. PMID- 1239142 TI - [Significance of histological diagnosis in the treatment of testicular tumors]. PMID- 1239143 TI - [Sexual behavior of the zebu de l'azawack]. PMID- 1239144 TI - [Various methods of anastomosis with the use of splenic vein in the surgery of portal vein hypertension]. PMID- 1239145 TI - [Modification of a radioimmunological double-antibody method for human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) as a rapid test suitable for high concentrations in the late pregnancy]. AB - A rapid and reproducible double antibody radioimmunoassay for plasma human chorionic somatomammotropin is described. The assay can routinely be performed by incubation for three hours (37 degrees C). The different steps of this method and precision of test modifications were evaluated. Levels of HCS of 222 normal pregnant women between the 24th and 40th week of pregnancy were investigated in order to determine the normal range of HCS levels during pregnancy. PMID- 1239146 TI - [Influence of "clumping factor" from Staphylococcus aureus on phagocytosis (author's transl)]. AB - In phagocytosis experiments the pathogenic significance of the "clumping factor" (CF) of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. CF-positive staphylococci were engulfed considerably less by leukocytes from rabbits and cattle than CF-negative staphylococci. Equally, the engulfment of staphylococcal skeletons (SSk) coupled with partially purified CF was significantly less than that of the SSk. The SSk had been prepared by extraction of staphylocci with formic acid. By this method the SSk were freed of all substances associated with staphyloccal virulence. Before coupling with CF the SSk were activated by cyanogen bromide. These in vitro-observations could be confirmed by the corresponding phagocytosis studies in experimental body cavities of rabbits. Thus, CF apparently interfered with the engulfment of the staphylococci by the leukocytes. PMID- 1239147 TI - [Bread beetle (Stegobium paniceum L.) as Salmonella vector in fodder and fodder mixture (author's transl)]. AB - In 1965 Salmonella eimsbuettel was isolated from two samples of fodder mixture for poultry and one sample of fodder mixture for pigs. In these samples of fodder mixtures there were also numerous specimen of bread beetles (Stegobium paniceum L.). The bread beetles remained in these fodder mixtures during more than 9 years (till June 1974), and by them S. eimsbuettel was proved in one sample of fodder mixture for chickens as well. From the other sample of fodder mixture for chickens Salmonella was isolated during 6 years and from the sample of fodder mixture for pigs S. eimsbuettel was isolated during seven and half years. In 1969 into 12 sterile samples of fodder 5-10 adult bread beetles were inserted. These bread beetles had been taken from fodder mixtures contaminated by S. eimsbuettel and bread beetles. The bread beetles multiplied in these fodder mixtures and from a year thereafter the fodders were searched for Salmonella every 6 months. In 4 samples of fodder (out of 12) S. eimsbuettel was proved till June 1974. The same Salmonella was isolated from well-washed and mashed bread beetles. Therefore the bread beetles (Stegobium paniceum L.) should be included into Salmonella vectors. PMID- 1239148 TI - [The morphology of spontaneous pulmonary adenomatosis in sheep. 1. Histological findings in tumor stroma]. PMID- 1239149 TI - [Effect of adjuvants on the cellular function of the monocytic phagocytosing system]. AB - The authors studied the effect of adjuvants differing by origin and physico chemical nature (complete Freund's adjuvant, S. typhi endoxin, cadmium sulfate, iron trichloride) on the ingestion and digestion of erythrocytes of the sheep by the cells of monocytic phagocytizing system, on the persistence of the antigen in these cells, its complexation with the RNA-macrophages and the function of their lysosomal apparatus. The adjuvants change the phagocytizing capacity of the macrophages only in their administration in vivo. Administration to the animals of Freund adjuvant and of the S. typhic endotoxin somewhat increased the ingestion of the antigens, whereas the administration of FeCl3 and CdSO4 failed to change it or even somewhat decreased it. The capacity of ingestion of the antigen in vitro in macrophages obtained from the animals treated with the adjuvants was changed in comparison with the normal. All the adjuvants tested produced a marked action on the lysosomal apparatus of the cells of the monocytic phagocytizing system: they changed the activity of catepsin, promoted the accumulation and the retention in the lysosomes of the highly immunogenic fractions of the antigen, and increased the permeability (except the CdSO4 of the lysosomal membranes in the cells of the antigen binding with the RNA of the cells of the peritoneal exudate or the splenic cells. PMID- 1239150 TI - [Effect of the number of times of typhoid antigen administration on the process of antibody formation]. PMID- 1239151 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the immunological activity of new typhoid vaccines with established prophylactic effectiveness (data from a controlled experiment)]. AB - The authors present the results of studying the immunological efficacy of a dry alcoholic typhoid vaccine enriched with S. typhi Vi-antigen in the assessment of this vaccine in controlled epidemiological trial during the immunization of children aged 7--8 years. O- and Vi-antibodies were tested in the reaction of hemagglutination, H-antibodies--in the agglutination reaction with the microbial diagnostic agent, the properties of antibodies--in a test with cystein, and bactericidal properties of the sera--against the virulent S. typhi strain. Examination of 355 coupled sera obtained before and 3 weeks after the immunization demonstrated a high level of Vi-(1:47) and of the O-(1:580) antibodies and high bactericidal properties of the sera in persons vaccinated with the alcoholic vaccine enriched with the S. typhi Vi-antigen. The results obtained and the data on the formation of prolonged immunity following a simgle immunization suggested that a high protective effect was caused by a combined action of the O- and Vi-antigens contained in the vaccine in optimal doses. PMID- 1239152 TI - Effect of two long acting injectable progestogens on lactation in the human. AB - The effects of Depoprovera and Deladroxone were studied in humans, on certain milk components as well as on the growth of the nursed infants. Both drugs caused reduction in milk yield. Both drugs caused an increase in the concentration of milk total proteins, however. Depoprovera caused an increase while Deladroxone caused a decrease in the total amount of milk proteins per feed. Depoprovera showed no effect while Deladroxone caused an increase in the concentration of milk lipids; however, both drugs caused reduction in the total amount of milk lipids per feed. Both drugs showed no effect on the concentration of milk lactose, but caused reduction in the total amount of milk lactose per feed. The percentage increase in weight of nursed infants was decreased by Depoprovera, but not affected by Deladroxone. PMID- 1239153 TI - Dynamics of the EEG changes after a single dose of octoclothepine oleosum, a neuroleptic in a semidepot form. PMID- 1239154 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the intermediolateral nucleus of the thoracic cord of the adult rat]. PMID- 1239155 TI - Corrosions-anatomy of the intrahepatic vascular systems of a rough toothed porpoise, Steno bredanensis. PMID- 1239156 TI - Simultaneous urethrocystometry and urethra pressure profile measurement with a new technique. AB - A new technique for simultaneous recording of the pressures within the urethra and urinary bladder is described. The pressures are recorded by microtransducers enclosed in a semiflexible dacron catheter. The recording system has a high frequency response (2000 HZ) and is free of motion-induced artefacts, which makes it possible to measure the urethra pressure profile with a high degree of precision. PMID- 1239157 TI - Intra-ureteric pressures in women undergoing hysterectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Ureric function in five women undergoing Wertheim hysterectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix was assessed from intra-ureteric pressure recordings made with a new technique. No notable difference was found in frequency, rate or amplitude between the uretero-peristaltic waves recorded immediately before and after dissection of the ureter. In three cases, however, retro-peristalsis occurred and in two of them it persisted throughout the operation. The presence of retrograde peristalsis may indicate that the peristaltic activity of these ureters was disturbed by the operative manipulation. Ureteric stasis was also demonstrable by radiographic techniques in those cases in which retro-peristalsis occurred during the operation but not in those in which it was absent. PMID- 1239158 TI - Goblet cells in the developing human nose. AB - In a material of 56 foetuses and prematures, in the 9th to the 30th week, the nasal mucosa was removed in toto and stained with PAS-alcian blue, PAS, and the osmium whole-amount methods. The development, spread, distribution, and density of goblet cells were studied. Goblet cells start forming anteriorly in the nasal vestibule in the 13th week, spreading backwards according to a given, constant pattern in the course of the subsequent week. By the 30th week the goblet cells are present throughout the respiratory region, but there are marked differences in density between the various areas. The highest density was found anteriorly and inferiorly on the septum and lateral wall, and also in the inferior and middle meatuses. On the conchae the density is less, at the junction to the olfactory region least. As a whole, the density is still very low in foetuses and prematures, and it must increase very considerably around the time of birth. The differences in density found in the present study are probably present also, to some extent in children and adults. Formation of goblet cells is the final link in the process of differentiation into respiratory epithelium, instituted 4 weeks earlier with the formation of ciliated cells. PMID- 1239159 TI - The role of catecholamines in stimulating the release of pituitary ovulating hormone(s) in sheep. AB - Noradrenaline (NA) or dopamine (DA) were infused into the 3rd cerebral ventricle of the ewes in the stage of late anestrus and the release of LH and the induction of ovulation (IO) were followed. After the infusion of NA the release of LH and IO in the ewes with so-called "activated" ovaries was observed, while no reaction was found in the ewes with the "inactive" ovaries. The infusion of DA was without any effect either in the ewes with "activated" or with "inactive" ovaries. PMID- 1239161 TI - [Biochemical studies on cataractogenesis. Report V. SDS-subunit composition of alpha-crystallin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239160 TI - [Pathology of the occipital cortex of Minamata disease, especially chronic and prolonged cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239163 TI - [Studies on the substances with biological activity in uveal tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239162 TI - [Analysis of membrane function in relation to lens opacification (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239164 TI - [Relation between serum haemolytic complement activity and C3 protein in Behcet disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239165 TI - [Identification of antibody-producing cells in peripheral lymphocytes of Vogt Koyanagi-Harada's syndrome with immunocyte adherence (rosette-formation) technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239166 TI - [Fluorescein angiography of the anterior ocular segment. Report II. Permeability of conjunctival vessels in normal and diseased states (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239167 TI - [Orbital scintigraphy (report 1). RI examination in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239169 TI - [Combined method of echogram and ERG for diagnosis of the ocular disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239168 TI - [The studies on the ultrasonic diagnosis in ophthalmology. Report 10. Pediatric ophthalmic ultrasonography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239170 TI - [Studies on suppression scotomas in intermittent exotropia both in the dark (without fusional background) and under conditions of near normalcy (with fusional background) by using the Aulhorn phase difference haploscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239171 TI - [Long-term follow-up of intermittent exodeviation treated with preoperative orthoptics and surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239172 TI - [Role of lipid peroxide in the induction of the retinal siderosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239173 TI - [Histochemical studies on retinal choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239174 TI - [Effect of circulatory disturbance of choroid on acid phosphatase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239175 TI - [The effects of phospholipase A on the retina of albino rabbits. (4) Electron microscopic studies of alcohol dehydrogenase in the outer segments of the visual cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239176 TI - [Autoradiographical light and electron microscopic studies on the retina of suckling rats treated with sodium L-glutamate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239177 TI - [Studies on the off-effect of ERGs of rabbits. II. The off-effect of the perfused retinas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239178 TI - [Trabeculotomy ab externo as filtrating operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239180 TI - [Measurements of intraocular pressure by means of a pneumatic applanation tonometer (pneumatonograph) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239179 TI - [Modulation transfer function of retina-brain system. Its theory and practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239181 TI - Ocular lesions in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in cats. AB - Experimental Trypanosoma brucei-infection progressing clinically peak-wise, induces intense proteinleakage in the anterior chamber of cats' and dogs' eyes, with a cyclitislike symptomatology, preceded by hypersensitivity of conjunctiva and respiratory mucosae, together with lacrimation, and facial oedema. The pherogram of aqueous humor is the replica of the serumpherogram at the endstage of the disease and is identical to secondary aqueous. Absence of any significant changes in serumproteins, immunoglobulins and the poor cellular reaction at tissue-level point towards immune unresponsiveness subsequent to experimental protozoal infection. Light-microscopy reveals at the level of the ciliary processes two kinds of cystic formation, the walls of which are formed by ciliary epithelium. One type contains amorphous material next to trypanosomes, macrophages and plasmocyte-like cells; the second type contains also fibrillar structures possibly reminding collagen. Ultramicroscopy suggests these cystic formation to be enlarged ciliary channels. The fenestrated capillary wall showing no changes neither after withdrawal of aqueous, nor after toxic parasite-action, the presence of large proteinmolecules and trypanosomes in the anterior chamber are due to damage to the ciliary epithelium. PMID- 1239182 TI - [Reproduction of Bothrops moojeni Hoge in captivity]. AB - It is stated that there are sufficient different morphological characteristics in order to distinguish the sexes with a certain practice, but that each of these characteristics by itself does not alone represent a completely valid criterium. These observations have shown in the periods of reproduction a chifting of six months after six years of captivity. Then the various phases of sexual behaviour are related: the male-fight, the courtship, the conquest of the partner by sexual display and finally the copulation. It is established moreover that the period between the copulation and parturition does not necessarily constitute the duration of gestation, which seems in fact shorter because of retarded fertilizations. However, there is quite a constant average of a period of gestation of 200 days. There follows a complete inventory of the 29 copulations and 67 layings that were observed. PMID- 1239183 TI - [First stages of development of the mesodermic leaf in Polypterus senegalus Cuvier]. AB - Investigations into the origin of the excretory system cells in Polypterus have shown a few interesting items about the first stages of mesoderm development in these fishes. After the gastrulation the mesoderm is not completely separated from the endoderm. The appearance of cavities in the mesoderm is quite limited and it even is but ephemeral in the superior part (in the epimeres). Lateral extensions of the mesomeric zones of the six most anterior metameres (especially metameres II to V) form the anlage of the pronephric duct. The latter will continue its way in a posterior and inferior direction without any participation of other mesoderm material. The elongation of the undifferentiated material that had been concentrated around the blastoporus will be responsible for the formation of the major part of the body, and mesoderm will play an important role in it. An enterocelic relation between mesoderm and endoderm in the anal region, as Kerr had conjected to see it, is due to the existence of evaginations of endoderm but gives no support to the enterocelic theory. PMID- 1239184 TI - Coxsackieviruses in human disease. AB - The outstanding feature of this group of viruses is the wide spectrum of disease it produces in man. Type B viruses have been associated with gastroenteritis, pleurodynia, pharyngitis, meningoencephalitis, aseptic meningitis, pericarditis, myocarditis and respiratory infections. Type A viruses are associated with herpangina, hand, foot and mouth disease, conjunctivitis, meningoencephalitis and respiratory infections. The diagnostic virology laboratory is developing rapid methods of identification. PMID- 1239185 TI - Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia: Diagnosis and treatment. AB - The clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and pathologic features of unilateral pulmonary vein atresia in a 16 month old boy are described. The relevant findings were symptoms and signs of influenza, roentgenographic evidence of unilateral diffuse interstitial edema, prominent interlobar fissures and pleural effusion, absence of abnormal cardiac structure and prominent unilateral bronchial circulation. Angiocardiography was necessary for a definitive diagnosis and revealed the lack of a site of entry for venous blood from the right lung into the circulation. The patient was treated successfully by a right pneumonectomy. The histologic hallmark in this case was extensive intimal fibrosis of the pulmonary veins. PMID- 1239186 TI - Experimental "auricular electroacupuncture" in morphine-dependent rats: behavioral and biochemical observations. AB - The experimental paradigm reported here provides a useful animal model with which to further study the effects of regional electrostimulation and its possible relationship with electrical acupuncture. What similarities there may be between electrical acupuncture and the technique of regional electrocerebral stimulation used for production of electrosleep and electronarcosis in animals and man remain to be elucidated. Further research studies, both clinical and basic, are clearly needed to answer some of the questions relating to the safety, efficacy, and possible mechanisms by which a technique such as electrical acupuncture may exert its effects. PMID- 1239187 TI - Qualitative and quantitative determinations of acid phosphatase activity in vaginal washings. AB - In the absence of spermatozoa, acid phosphatase activity (ACP) is an indicator of seminal fluid in cases of sexual assault. Both qualitative and quantitative ACP methods are employed by medical examiners. A large series of cases in which a qualitative test was employed is reported. A method for obtaining and handling specimens by vaginal washing was developed. This method provides suitable specimens for the examination for spermatozoa and the determination of ACP. Specimens obtained from 41 women provided examples of endogenous vaginal ACP and intravaginal seminal ACP. These specimens were used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative ACP methods for the detection of seminal ACP. Tartrate inhibition was not useful for separating endogenous vaginal and seminal ACP activities. The advantages of the method developed for specimen acquisition and of quantitative assays for ACP are discussed. PMID- 1239188 TI - The effects of time of venipuncture on variation of serum constituents. Consideration of within-day and day-to-day changes in a group of healthy young men. AB - Within-day and the day-to-day variations of serum constituents were evaluated in 11 healthy young men. Eighteen constituents, including electrolytes, metabolites, proteins, and enzymes, were assayed using the AutoChemist MultiChannel Analytic System. Venipunctures were performed at three hours of the day, 8 A.M., 11 A.M., and 2 P.M., on five separate experimental days. A three-factor analysis of variance model was employed to separate analytic variation from biological sources of variation. Statistically significant (p less than .05) group diurnal patterns (main effect of hour) during the six-hour period were found for serum lipids, iron, urea, albumin, total protein, and chloride. A unique individual diurnal pattern (subject-hour interaction) was statistically significant for serum potassium. Statistically significant main effect of month (main effect of day) for the group of subjects was seen for total lipids and potassium; however, the subject-day interaction term, which is an index of the day-to-day variation for the subjects, was significant (p less than .05) for all of the constituents except for sodium ion. The comparison of the variation expected within-day versus the variation seen day-to-day over four months was made by pooling the sources of within-day variation (main effect of hour + subject-hour interaction + subject day-hour interaction) and by pooling the day-to-day variation terms (main effect of day + subject-month interaction). For serum cholesterol, potassium, acid phosphatase, and phosphate ion, the within-day variation was greater than the day to-day variation occurring over four months, while the other constituents showed day-to-day variations of a greater magnitude than that experienced during the six hour period. PMID- 1239189 TI - A pulmonary fungus ball produced by Cladosporium cladosporioides. AB - A case of pulmonary fungus ball produced by Cladosporium cladosporioides is reported. The fungus occupied a cavity in the upper lobe of right lung. Invasion of the cavitary wall or adjacent pulmonary tissue by the fungus was not observed. PMID- 1239190 TI - Glucocorticoid therapy in children. Effect on somatomedin secretion. AB - Glucocorticoids cause growth retardation in children. We have studied the effect of these hormones on serum somatomedin (Sm) levels in seven children with nephrosis. Intravenous administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 2.2 mg/kg, causes a rapid fall in serum Sm activity. The activity remains suppressed during continuous therapy, but returns toward normal when medication is omitted during the course of alternate-day therapy. We conclude that one reason for growth retardation secondary to continuous glucocorticoid therapy is suppression of Sm generation. A direct effect of these hormones on the cartilage cell or induction of an Sm inhibitor cannot be excluded by the reported experiments. PMID- 1239192 TI - Letters to the editor: Statistical analysis of genetic variance in twins. PMID- 1239191 TI - Variants of the group-specific component system as demonstrated by immunofixation electrophoresis. Report of a new variant, Gc Boston (Ge B). AB - Immunofixation electrophoresis is a relatively simple and reliable method for the genetic phenotyping of the group-specific component (Gc) of serum. This method permits direct comparison of electrophoretic mobilities and band concentrations, with no interference by other proteins. The variants Gc Ab and Gc Y appear identical by this technique; the Eskimo variant appears to be similar to Gc D but not to Gc Ab as previously reported. Gc Norway, also designated Gc 1C, is electrophoretically cathodal to the slower band of Gc 1 and therefore appears to be a distinct variant. A new variant, Gc Boston, is single banded with mobility between the two bands of Gc 1. PMID- 1239193 TI - Letter: Methods and interpretation of twin concordance data. PMID- 1239194 TI - Lack of action of prolactin suppression on the regulation of the human menstrual cycle. AB - Bromocriptin (CB 154) has been found to suppress established lactation at a time when human plasma prolactin (HPRL) concentrations have already returned to the nonpregnant range. This action is due to inhibition of prolactin from the pituitary. It was then thought that a similar degree of inhibition induced during the menstrual cycle may help to uncover other possible biological actions of prolactin. In an attempt to elucidate this question eight breast-feeding mothers and seven normally menstruating volunteers underwent treatment with CB 154, including blood sampling during a sleep period. The dosage was 1 mg., three times daily, for 14 days in the first group and for a whole cycle in the normal volunteers. A control cycle preceded drug administration in the latter group. Prolactin (HPRL), growth hormone (HGH), luteotropin (LH), progesterone (PG), and estradiol (E2) were estimated (mean +/- standard error) along the menstrual cycles in the normal volunteers. HPRL and milk volumes were measured in the breast-feeding women in the base-line period and during treatment. In the postpartum group, basal HPRL had already reached normal levels prior to therapy (10.8 +/- 1.0 ng. per milliliter) and was significantly (p less than 0.002) depressed to 3.7 +/- 0.4 ng. per milliliter by CB 154. This degree of inhibition was effective in suppressing lactation within 24 to 48 hours in all of the subjects in that group. The fall in plasma HPRL from 9.5 +/- 1.5 ng. per milliliter to 3.2 +/- 0.2 ng. per milliliter observed in the normally menstruating women was similar to the one recorded in the breast-feeding group, but the sequence of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle was not altered by treatment. The overnight study ensured around-the-clock prolactin inhibition. Results indicate no action of prolactin in the regulation of the human menstrual cycle at levels of inhibition at which a biological action of this hormone is clearly suppressed. PMID- 1239195 TI - PSROs in dentistry. PMID- 1239196 TI - Complementary role of sonography and arteriography in management of uterine choriocarcinoma. AB - Uterine choriocarcinoma develops fairly frequently after passage of a hydatidiform mole and very rarely after normal pregnancy or abortion. The disease is highly curable by chemotherapy, especially if detected early. Histologic examination of uterine curettings is unreliable and the principal indicator of active primary or metastatic disease is the HCG titer. The ability to visualize the tumor is helpful for a variety of reasons. In the past, this has been achieved primarily through arteriography. Our experience with 6 patients suggests that sonography is as sensitive a detector as arteriography and perhaps somewhat more specific. These facts, plus its convenience and repeatability, make ultrasound the method of choice for visualization of intrauterine malignant trophoblastic disease. Arteriography will continue to play an important role where the sonographic findings are equivocal and where local invasion or distant metastases are suspected. PMID- 1239197 TI - Pneumatoceles as a complication of chemical pneumonia after hydrocarbon ingestion. AB - Of 338 children with hydrocarbon ingestion, 134 (40 percent) had pneumonia. Pneumonia was most common after kerosene, furniture polish and lighter fluid ingestion. The pneumonia was most severe, however, with furniture polish. Pneumatoceles occurred in 14 children, most commonly with charcoal lighter fluid ingestion. Pneumatoceles generally appeared late, after the consolidation had cleared. Pneumatoceles were often large, septate and irregular, and sometimes contained fluid levels. PMID- 1239198 TI - Present status of trichostrongyliasis in Iran. AB - Infection with species of Trichostrongylus is common among man and animals in most parts of Iran, and human infections with T. orientalis, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, T. axei, T. capricola, T. probolurus, T. skrjabini, and a possibly new, unnamed species have been reported. All are found in Isfahan, central Iran, where the overall prevalence is 67% and the predominant species are T. orientalis and T. colubriformis. Among 737 nomads migrating from the central parts to the south, 86% were found to be infected with one or more of five species (in order of frequency): T. colubriformis, T. orientalis, T. axei, T. capricola, and T. vitrinus. In Khuzestan, southwest Iran, human infections with T. orientalis, T. colubriformis, T. axei, and T. vitrinus with an overall prevalence of 71% have been reported. In the northern parts, along the Caspian Sea, the rate is 7% and the species found, in order of frequency, are T. colubriformis, T. axei, T. vitrinus, and T. orientalis. Trichostrongylus infections are also found in the northwest but are rarely seen in the northeast. In most areas females are more frequently and more heavily infected than are males. All species found in man, except the new, unnamed species, are also found in sheep, goats, cattle, and camels; the number of species found and the order of their frequency differ in various animals and in different areas. Infection in other mammals, such as hares (T. retortaeformis and T. orientalis) and porcupines (T. orientalis), has also been reported. PMID- 1239199 TI - The free amino acids of the reproductive organs of the male rat: regulation by androgen. PMID- 1239200 TI - An automated differential scanning dilatometer. PMID- 1239201 TI - The onset of synaptogenesis in rat temporal cortex. AB - The onset of synaptogenesis was studied in the temporal cortex of rat fetuses whose age ranged between 15 and 19 days of gestation. First synapses were found at a surprisingly early stage of cortical development: on day 16. These contacts showed relatively few vesicles and very inconspicuous membrane-thickenings. They were located in the marginal layer, above as well as below the narrow band formed by the newly arrived first neuroblasts of the prospective corticle plate. The postsynaptic structures were probably dendrites of the horizontally or obliquely orientated neurons scattered throughout the marginal layer (such neurons were seen even within the cell-dense band). On day 17, the cortical plate separated the differentiated cells definitely into a superficial and a deep population. As on the following days, synapses were found above and below the cortical plate but not within it. In addition to contacts showing the same features as those described on day 16, there were already synapses with numerous vesicles and clearly asymmetric membrane thickenings. On days 18 and 19 the borders of the cortical plate became more clear-cut. The well-differentiated neurons situated above and below this plate could now be identified as Retzius-Cajal cells of the prospective molecular layer and as polymorphous cells of the layer VI b respectively. The presence of axo-somatic contacts on these neurons provided direct evidence that both cell types are targets for synapses. Desmosome-like junctions were found even in the youngest fetuses studied. Their roughly symmetric membrane thickenings were clearly more conspicious than those of earliest synapses. Desmosome-like junctions occurred very frequently between structures which subsequently were never seen to become synaptically linked. During the entire period studied, numerous coated vesicles fused with cell membranes were noted. Such "open" vesicles were seen on neurons (sometimes in the immediate vicinity of synapses) but also on non-nervous, extracortical as well as intracortical structures. Thus there does not seem to be a specific relationship between desmosome-like junctions and coated vesicles on the one hand and synapse formation on the other. PMID- 1239202 TI - Observations on the fine structure of propylthiouracil-induced "brown degeneration" in the zona reticularis of mouse adrenal cortex. AB - Propylthiouracil (6-propyl-2-thiouracil), an anti-thyroid agent, was fed to mice in a concentration equal to 0.1% of their diet for periods of 10 and 15 weeks. The cells of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex were examined with the electron microscope. In animals receiving propylthiouracil for ten weeks mitochondria were altered and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) showed a marked focal proliferation. In contrast to control animals rough endoplasmic reticulum was abundant and was frequently associated with the hyperplastic SER. After 15 weeks these alterations were no longer present but had been replaced by a spectrum of "brown degeneration." The less affected cells were characterized by increased numbers of liposomes and lysosomes and the more affected cells by liposomal and mitochondrial degeneration. These observations emphasize that "brown degeneration" is a true degenerative process and not a spontaneous proliferation of ceroid pigment. It is suggested that the changes described may be directly related to an alteration in cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 1239203 TI - Cardiovascular effects of isoflurane and halothane during controlled ventilation in older patients. AB - Isoflurane or halothane was administered at two different inspired concentrations to 21 surgical patients whose average age was 62 years. Most were in physical status (ASA) II or III. Patients were premedicated with diazepam and atropine, anesthesia was induced with thiopental, and tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine. Respiration was controlled manually or with a ventilator. Anesthesia was maintained with 60 percent N2O and halothane 1 percent, then 0.5 percent, or with N2O-isoflurane 1.2 percent, then 0.6 percent in O2. Variations in the cardiovascular responses among patients given the same anesthetic were as great as the variation in responses between anesthetics. Both produced similar decreases in arterial pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume. Changes in pulse rate were minimal, and total peripheral resistance changes quite variable, for both drugs. Both halothane and isoflurane appear satisfactory for inhalation anesthesia in the elderly. PMID- 1239204 TI - Heart-rate slowing and junctional rhythm following intravenous succinylcholine with and without intramuscular atropine preanesthetic medication. AB - The incidence of heart-rate slowing (greater than 15 percent) and junctional rhythm after two injections of succinylcholine (1 mg/kg), separated by 5 minutes, was determined in adult patients. All patients received intramuscular morphine as preanesthetic medication 60 to 90 minutes before intravenous thiamylal anesthetic induction. Intramuscular atropine (mcg/kg) 60 to 90 or 15 to 20 minutes before anesthetic induction did not alter the incidence of first or second succinylcholine dose heart-rate slowing or junctional rhythm as compared with patients receiving only morphine premedication. PMID- 1239205 TI - Hazards in use of anode endotracheal tube a case report and review. AB - While the design and manfacture of plastic tubes have been greatly improved in recent years, spiral-metal-bound latex tubes are still subject to a number of hazards, among them herniation of the intramural cuff-inflating tube into the lumen of the anode tube, preventing entry or exit of gases through the anode tube after cuff inflation. Problems may also occur at the bevel and at juctions. Until better-designed anode tubes are available, extra care is required in their use. PMID- 1239206 TI - Relation between glucose tolerance and serum insulin levels in man before and after thiopental intravenous administration. AB - A glucose-tolerance test was performed in a number of healthy volunteers before and after a single dose of intravenous sodium thiopental. During this test, serum insulin levels were determined at similar intervals. A small but significant decrease in glucose tolerance, not related to serum insulin levels, was seen. PMID- 1239207 TI - Electrocorticographic seizure activity during enflurane anesthesia. AB - In electrocorticographic recordings obtained during enflurane anesthesia, abnormal electrical activity was elicited with light and moderate levels of enflurane anesthesia and suppressed at a level of deep surgical anesthesia; Paco2 was constant at 34 +/- 2 torr throughout. Enflurane may prove to be of value in determining foci of abnormal electrical activity. PMID- 1239208 TI - Single-needle lateral approach for lumbar sympathetic block. AB - During the past 5 years, we have used a single-needle lateral approach to lumbar sympathetic block. With the patient prone, a 22-gauge, 14-cm lumbar-puncture needle is inserted at a point 12.5 cm lateral to the spine of the 4th lumbar vertebra at a 35 to 40 degrees angle to the skin. When the needle is placed opposite the anterolateral surface of the body of the vertebra, the patient is placed in 5 to 10 degrees Trendelenburg position and 20 ml of local anesthetic solution is injected. The drug flows cephalad to encompass the sympathetic chain as high as L-2. The advantages of this procedure over the classic technic are that it is less painful, less apt to produce paresthesias and inadvertent sensory anesthesia, and easier to perform. PMID- 1239209 TI - Dextran 40 anaphylaxis. AB - A case report illustrating an anaphylactic reaction to low molecular weight dextran (dextran 40) is presented. The incidence, possible etiology, manifestations, and management of this adverse drug reaction are discussed. PMID- 1239210 TI - Teflon injection of vocal cords under general anesthesia: a new method. AB - Use of general anesthesia permits the injection of Teflon paste into immobile vocal cords in an accurate and predictable manner, with the help of a special endotracheal tube and jetted O2 or O2/n2O mixture. The authors position a nonfunctioning vocal cord so that when the functioning cord is fully adducted , the two cords are in perfect approximation for phonation. This has allowed marked improvement in effective expulsive postoperative coughing and vocalization. Debris is blown away from the operating side and not into the patient's trachea. If excessive injection of Teflon is avoided, an uneventful postoperative course can be expected. PMID- 1239211 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joints: an airway hazard. AB - The anesthesiologist must maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of cricoarytenoid arthritis and vocal-cord fixation in the rheumatoid arthritic. He must be prepared to intubate the trachea blindly, attempting to minimize trauma by using a smaller endotracheal tube. Indirect laryngoscopy, or direct laryngoscopy using a fiberoptic laryngoscope, may be indicated as part of the preanesthetic evaluation. In some instances, preanesthetic tracheostomy or an alternative regional anesthetic technic may be appropriate. Unusually close vigilance in the postoperative period may be required to detect signs of postextubation airway obstruction. PMID- 1239213 TI - A complication of Rusch armored endotracheal tubes. AB - During anesthesia, inflation of the cuff on a Rusch armored endotracheal tube was not possible. The cause is discussed and possible solutions to the problem are offered so as to prevent its recurrence. PMID- 1239212 TI - Comparison of methotrimeprazine and meperidine as components of balanced anesthesia. AB - Methotrimeprazine (MTM) (0.5 mg/kg) and meperidine (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to four groups of 10 patients each. Two of these groups (I and II) received MTM or meperidine 12 minutes before, two other groups (III and IV), 3 minutes after, induction of thiopental anesthesia. N2O-O2 was administered after thiopental induction, and fractional doses of meperidine and muscle relaxants were used as required for maintenance of anesthesia. The preliminary administration of MTM or meperidine decreased the induction dose of thiopental by about 60 percent. When administered before thiopental, both had similar effects on heart rate, but whereas MTM moderately decreased, meperidine moderately increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure MTM had little or no effect on respiratory rate, which was significantly depressed by meperidine. When given after an induction dose of thiopental, the circulatory effects of MTM and meperidine were similar. Respiratory measurements were little affected by MTM but were markedly depressed by meperidine. The mug/kg/min maintenance doses of meperidine were about the same in the four groups. Postanesthetic recovery of consciousness was delayed in the two MTM groups. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was less in the MTM than in the meperidine groups. MTM appears to have several advantages over meperidine as a component of balanced anesthesia, but is not desirable if rapid postanesthetic recovery or early ambulation is important. Its use is indicated in patients in whom even transient respiratory depression is undesirable and in those in whom prolonged postoperative sedation is desired. PMID- 1239214 TI - Sevoflurane: a new inhalational anesthetic agent. AB - Laboratory screening of a series of halogenated methyl isopropyl ethers revealed sevoflurane (fluoromethyl-1,1,1,3,3,3,-hexafluroro-2-propyl ether) as a potent nonexplosive inhalational anesthetic agent. Sevoflurance, a pleasant-smelling liquid, boils at 58.5 degrees C at 760 torr and has a vapor pressure of 200 torr at 25 degrees C. It is nonflammable in air and has lower flammability limits of 11 vols percent in O2 and 10 vols percent in N2O. Sevoflurane exhibits limited chemical reactivity in vitro; it is subject to slight but measurable hydrolysis, and reacts with soda lime to form traces of related ethers. It provides rapid anesthetic induction and recovery consistent with its low distribution coefficients (blood:gas, 0.6; corn oil:gas, 41.6; olive oil:gas, 53.4). In dogs, anesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane did not produce spontaneous cardiac arrhythmias and did not sensitize the heart to epinephrine. Electroencephalographic patterns were similar to those observed during anesthesia with halothane. In rats, small increases in the urinary excretion of inorganic fluoride ion occurred during the first 24 hours after anesthesia. Subacute studies in dogs and rats, using closed-circle absorption with soda lime, revealed no toxicologically significant changes in animals anesthetized frequently for 2 weeks. Sevoflurane appears to be a unique volatile anesthetic agent worthy of further study. PMID- 1239215 TI - Laryngeal sequelae of endotracheal anesthesia. AB - The endotracheal administration of anesthesia has been improved considerably in the past decade. By reducing mortality and morbidity, this modality has made possible many advances in all forms of surgery, especially of the chest, head, and neck. There are, however, some disadvantages: 1. The endotracheal tube is a foreign body and thus can cause irritation. 2. Lubricants and solutions used for cleansing and sterilizing the tube may be irritating and can produce a membrane which obstructs the airway. 3. The lumen of the airway is reduced, an especially hazardous problem in children. 4. The patient must be under deeper anesthesia for intubation than is sometimes necessary for the surgical procedure. 5. There may be trauma to teeth, pharynx, nose, or trachea during intubation. 6. Coughing or straining may cause increased venous pressure, with undesired effects. 7. Bacteria from the nose may be carried to the lower respiratory tract. 8. Pulmonary sequelae may occur. 9. Laryngeal sequelae may occur. It is with laryngeal sequelae that we are concerned in this (1951) presentation, which includes the reports of 8 cases of laryngeal obstruction, with 2 deaths, and 7 cases of laryngeal granulomas. PMID- 1239216 TI - Postoperative analgesia for thoracotomy patients. AB - Severe postoperative pain, which may persist for up to 3 days and may lead to postoperative complications, due to the patient's inability to breathe deeply and cough, is frequently experienced in the area of the incision and chest tubes by thoracotomy patients. Eighteen patients undergoing routine thoracotomies were tested preoperatively for arterial blood gases and pulmonary function and given chest x-rays. Anesthesia consisted of thiopental, succinylcholine, N2O, enflurane, and pancuronium. Before incision closure, 6 intercostal spaces were injected by the surgeon with 3 ml of a randomly determined drug mixture. Patients received either bupivacaine and saline solution, bupivacaine and LMW dextran 40, or saline and LMW dextran 40. Arterial blood gases, pulmonary function, chest x rays, narcotic dosage, sensory level, and subjective responses were evaluated for 3 days postoperatively. Results demonstrate that intercostal nerve blocks can markedly reduce postoperative pain and improve pulmonary function in such patients. Significant differences from controls were seen in Pao2, Paco2, vital capacity, forced expiratory flow rates, analgesic requirements, and patient comfort. The duration of the block with bupivacaine and saline was less than 12 hours, while the mean duration of the block with bupivacaine and dextran 40 was 36 hours. PMID- 1239217 TI - The effect of lumbar epidural anesthesia on fetal heart rate baseline variability. AB - Baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) variability has become an important parameter in the diagnosis of fetal distress when electronically monitoring the fetus. Loss of the baseline variability has been noted to be associated with fetal distress, and in association with late deceleration or severe variable deceleration patterns has been shown to be ominous. Baseline FHR variability, however, has been modified not only by fetal distress but also by prematurity and the administration of certain drugs to the mother. Because FHR is often monitored during labor in parturients given lumbar anesthesia, the question of the effect of this procedure on FHR variability arose. Fifteen such patients with no antepartum or intrapartum complications were studied in active labor. All were monitored by electrocardiography on a continuous basis, FHR being studied before and after epidural anesthesia with lidocaine, with and without epinephrine. Of the 15 patients, tracings in 8 (53 percent) revealed a minimal or moderate change in baseline variability within several minutes of drug injection. This change in variability was recorded from 4 to 18 minutes, after which time the pre-epidural FHR variability was reestablished. Although the mechanism for this result was not definitively determined, such variability in FHR does not in itself seem significant of fetal distress but suggests supportive measures for the patient. PMID- 1239218 TI - Treatment of bronchospasm during anesthesia. AB - During anesthesia, wheezing and difficult breathing are dangerous, requiring prompt therapy. The pressurized isoproterenol cartridge described in this report may be interposed conveniently in the anesthesia breathing system, is inexpensive, and provides accurate dosage. This device proved effective in treating bronchospasm and decreasing wheezing and secretions in 11 out of 12 cases. The mean (+/- SEM) peak airway pressure was 43 (+/- 2) torr before and 31 (+/- 2) torr after treatment; mean Paco2 was lowered from 60 (+/- 6) to 47 (+/- 4) torr; mean pH increased from 7.24 (+/- 0.03) to 7.33 (+/- 0.03), and mean percent increase in Pao2 was 32 (+/- 13.4). No cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, or rise in blood pressure were observed. PMID- 1239219 TI - Antagonistic effect of morphine on the positive inotropic response of ouabain on the isolated rabbit heart. AB - The antagonistic effect of morphine on the positive inotropic response of ouabain was studied in 96 isolated rabbit hearts, using a modified Langendorff preparation. Decreased calcium (Ca) in the perfusate resulted in increased depression of peak left ventricular dP/dt by morphine (10(-4) gm/ml), and the number of beats required to reach the depression was proportionally reduced with the reduction of calcium chloride from 2.16 mM to 0.54 mM. Likewise, the positive inotropic effect of ouabain (10(-6) gm/ml) was proportionally reduced by the same reduction of calcium chloride concentration in the perfusate, but the number of beats required to reach the cardiotonic effect was proportionally increased with Ca deficiency. The opposing effects of ouabain and morphine were mutually antagonistic regardless of the order of drug administration. When the hearts had been previously exposed to morphine, ouabain stimulation was no longer beat dependent. Following prior exposure to ouabain, the beat-dependency of morphine depression on the heart also was partially antagonized. These results suggest that the level of maximal dP/dt during morphine depression or ouabain stimulation is directly related to the extracellular concentration of Ca. The number of beats required to attain the depression or stimulation is probably a reflection of the rate at which equilibrium is established between the mobile fraction of extracellular and intracellular Ca, since transmembrane movement of Ca is believed to occur during each beat. A possible common site of morphine and ouabain effect may be the cellular membrane, where ionic flux occurs. PMID- 1239220 TI - Venous air embolism prophylaxis with a surface-active agent. AB - The protective effect of a nonionic surface-active polyol agent (Pluronic F-68) against bolus injection and constant-rate IV infusion of air was studied in 21 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Aortic, pulmonary artery and right ventricular pressures, cardiac output, end-tidal CO2 concentration, wasted ventilation, and blood surface tensions were measured before and after the IV administration of this surfactant. The magnitudes of change in the cardiorespiratory responses measured after venous air embolism were significant (p less than 0.05) reduced in the treated animals. This agent may be advantageous for surgical patients when an increased risk of venous air embolism exists. PMID- 1239221 TI - Ketamine-pancuronium-narcotic technic for cardiovascular surgery in infants--a comparative study. AB - Ketamine, pancuronium, and alphaprodine were used as the primary anesthetic agents in 71 infants requiring cardiovascular operations during a recent 1-year period. This group of patients was compared with a similar group anesthetized 3 years before with d-tubocurarine, halothane, and/or N20-O2. Stability of the circulatory system was well maintained with ketamine-pancuronium-narcotic (KPN) during the induction period. However, once surgical dissection of the heart and great vessels began, hypotension/bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and 48 hour mortality were similar for the two groups. Therefore, using these criteria for analysis, the KPN technic, in spite of claims for its minimal adverse effect on the cardiovascular system, did not prove superior to the halothane-N2O-O2 curare technic. PMID- 1239222 TI - Nonivasive assessment by capacitance respirometry of respiration before and after extubation. AB - Respiration before and after extubation was studied in postoperative patients following weaning from respirator support. Changes in tidal and minute volume and respiratory flow rates were determined by capacitance respirometry, a noninvasive method of monitoring respiration. The presence of an endotracheal tube of 7.5 to 8.5 mm ID had no significant effect on ventilation, respiratory flow rates, or intrapulmonary shunting. Laboratory and clinical evidence showed that in postoperative patients, an endotracheal tube of 8 mm ID substitutes a relatively low, predictable resistance for a potentially excessive and variable upper airway resistance. PMID- 1239223 TI - A comparison of renal effects and metabolism of sevoflurane and methoxyflurane in enzyme-induced rats. AB - Twenty-five 5-month-old male Fischer-344 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group I, no anesthesia; Group II, 1.4 precent sevoflurane for 2 hours; Group III, 0.1 percent phenobarbital, ad lib, in drinking water for 7 days; followed by 1.4 percent sevoflurane for 2 hours; Group IV, 0.25 percent methoxyflurane, 1 hour; Group V, phenobarbital in water as in Group III, followed by methoxyflurane as in group IV. Pre- and postanesthetic serum and urinary osmolality, Na+, K+, urea nitrogen (BUN), inorganic fluoride (F-) levels, and 24 hour urine volume were measured. Kidney tissue was obtained for examination by light and electron microscopy. Sevoflurane was metabolized to F- to a lesser extent than was methoxyflurane; treatment with phenobarbital-sevoflurane doubled urinary F- excretion, resulting in a value similar to that seen after methoxyflurane alone. There was no functional or morphologic evidence of renal abnormalities in either group of rats anesthetized with sevoflurane. Methoxyflurane dosage was sufficiently low that renal abnormalities did not occur except in rats treated also with phenobarbital; these animals developed polyuria and the morphologic lesion typically associated with F--induced nephrotoxicity. PMID- 1239225 TI - Agglutinability of cattle red cells. 3. Conglutination. AB - Addition of both complement and conglutinin was necessary to conglutinate the cattle red cells (CRC) when they were sensitized by different blood typing reagents. Although the degree of conglutinability of the CRC was influenced by the particular blood factor-reagent combination the average conglutinability (i.e. average titre scores) of CRC from different MZ pairs varied from 1.9 to 16.2. The titres of complement varied from zero to 1:32, while the titres of conglutinin ranged from 1:8 to 1:1024 in the different sera from MZ cattle twins. The variance due to differences in the titre scores between MZ pairs was 82.2% for conglutinin and 68.3% for complement. There was no evident association between the titres of conglutinin and complement. PMID- 1239224 TI - Arterial cannulation: factors in the development of occlusion. AB - Wrist arteries of 100 patients were percutaneously cannulated with 20-gauge cannulas; pulse-wave recordings and changes in arterial-pressure wave configuration were then used to determine whether a cannulated artery was patent of occluded. At the time of decannulation, 23 of the 100 arteries were thrombosed. Of the three cannula types used in the study, the tapered Medicut was most frequently related to occlusion. Age of patient, trauma to the artery, and duration of the cannulation were not related to later thrombosis. Reversing the direction of the cannula did not change the incidence of thrombosis. Women developed thrombosis twice as frequently as men. A short (+/- 3 cm), small diameter (20 gauge) non-tapered cannula was found most efficient. PMID- 1239226 TI - Biochemical polymorphism of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, from the northwestern and northeastern Pacific Ocean. AB - Three enzyme systems, MDH, PGM and AGPDH, were investigated in starry flounder collected from off northwestern Hokkaido Island, Japan; western Kamchatka; USSR; Puget Sound, Washington, USA; and Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Significant differences in MDH allele distribution were found between the Asian-Puget Sound and Yaquina Bay-Puget Sound samples suggesting that this system may be useful to separate different population units. The allele frequencies of MDH and PGM did not show significant variation with body length and handedness in starry flounder collected from Puget Sound, Washington, and did not support the hypothesis of differential viability between dextral and sinistrial forms of starry flounder. PMID- 1239227 TI - A comparison of aggressive play and aggression in free-living baboons, Papio anubis. AB - A quantitative comparison is given of aggressive play and aggression in terms of the duration and type of movement patterns employed, and the relationships between individuals. The mean length of contact in play was greater than in aggression, whereas chases tended to be longer in adult male aggression than in play, Linear hierarchies describing the overall direction of interactions between individuals were divisible into two sorts, according to the frequency with which roles were reversed. The regions of the body bitten and the proportions in which six types of movement pattern were used were related to the type of hierarchy involved. The results are discussed with reference to the possible functions of social play in the development of movement patterns and individual relationships. PMID- 1239228 TI - Effects of testosterone propionate on the social behaviour of groups of male comestic ducklings Anas platyrhynchos L. AB - One-month old testosterone-injected ducklings were observed in groups of three males and their social behaviour compared to that of oil-injected control birds. Most elements of adult sexual behaviour and one pattern of aggressive behaviour (chest fight) occurred more frequently in the experimental animals. It was shown that the same hormonal treatment induces different behavioural responses in different animals. Unlike previous studies, no social displays were observed in the testosterone-injected ducklings. Possible explanations of this fact are discussed. PMID- 1239229 TI - The allergenic significance of certain fungi rarely reported as allergens. AB - The allergenic significance of seven different species of fungi was investigated. Included were Chlorophyllum molybdites, Podaxis pistillaris, Stemonitis ferruginea, Lycogala epidendrum, Fuligo septica, Ustilago maydis and Puccinia cynodontis. All of these fungi have wide distribution patterns and aerially disseminated spores but, because of their unique growth characteristics, are usually not reported in atmospheric fungal surveys. Seventy-eight patients were treated for dermal sensitivity to extracts of the organisms after the spores were extracted in 50% glycerinated Coca's solution. The results represent a six-month test period. Forty-four patients, representing 56% of the total number tested, demonstrated dermal reactivity toward one or more of the extracts. PMID- 1239230 TI - Structural proteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus. AB - A procedure for the purification of radioactively labeled bovine viral diarrhea virus was critically evaluated. Purification of virus from artificial mixtures of unlabeled infected and labeled noninfected cells indicated that the extent of purification was approximately 100-fold with respect to host proteins. Residual host proteins were found to contaminate the viral preparation even after extensive purification by differential and isopycnic zonal centrifugation. Co electrophoresis of 3H-labeled virus with 14C-labeled host cell material in neutral sodium dodecyl sulfate-7.5% polyacrylamide gels provided a means to distinguish viral specific proteins from host cell protein contaminants. Four major electrophoretic components were identified as being of viral origin; molecular weights of the components were estimated from their migration rates relative to protein markers of known molecular weight. Two viral components (VC), VC 1 and VC 3, migrated heterogeneously and had molecular weights of 93,000 to 110,000 and 50,000 to 59,000 daltons, respectively. Molecular weights of VC 2 and VC 4 were 70,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively. PMID- 1239231 TI - Chicken bone perforation of the sigmoid colon: a report of three cases. PMID- 1239233 TI - Editorial: Inappropriate prescribing of psychoactive drugs. PMID- 1239232 TI - Multiseptate gallbladder diagnosed during pregnancy.b0a. AB - A sixth case report of multiseptate gallbladder is presented because of its rarity and because of its association in pregnancy. The anomaly has a diagnostic X-ray appearance. As reported in four previously recorded cases, no inflammation was found in our patient's specimen despite symptoms mimicking cholecystitis. Initial presentation and worsening clinical course during the patient's pregnancy lend credence to the idea that symptoms are caused not by inflammation but by pressure in the chambers, caused by relative delay in emptying. Cholecystectomy is recommended because it uniformly has relieved symptoms. PMID- 1239234 TI - [A case of oncocytic adenoma of the pituitary gland with galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia]. AB - A tumor of hypophysis, with suprasellar expansion, was removed surgically in a 68 years old woman with panhypopituitarism and galactorrhea. Light and electron microscopy studies have shown an oncocytoma. One year after pituitary ablation and cobaltherapy, the patient had normal pituitary functions and galactorrhea had disappeared. Since the prolactin cells were outside the adenoma and the prolactin secretion became normal after surgery, we can assume that galactorrhea was presumably due to the compression of the pituitary stalk by oncocytoma. PMID- 1239235 TI - Fibrous material in feedlot waste fermented by Trichoderma viride. AB - Trichoderma viride QM9123 fermented fiber isolated from feedlot waste at concentrations up to 16.7% solids. The fermented fiber solids decreased by 32%, and carbohydrate decreased by 60%. Cellulotyic enzyme production was better with fiber substrates that had been alkali pretreated and had a lower hemicellulose-to cellulose ratio. PMID- 1239236 TI - Further studies on the peptido-galactomannan from the yeast form of Cladosporium werneckii. Identification of O-acetyl substituents and isolation of the peptide components following beta-elimination. PMID- 1239237 TI - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome). AB - We describe the third reported case of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) in the United States. In the majority of reported cases, the patients were female. However, in our case and in the two cases reported previously in the United States, the patients were male. In two of these three male patients, a malignant neoplasm has been found, possibly as a coincidence. PMID- 1239238 TI - Proceedings: Hydrops fetalis. PMID- 1239239 TI - Proceedings: Oedema of umbilical cord and respiratory distress in the newborn. PMID- 1239240 TI - [Pathomorphogenesis of blistering in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (author's transl)]. AB - Electronmicroscopical examination on skin lesions of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica recessiva (E.b.d.r.) and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (E.b.a.) associated with Crohn's disease have demonstrated that blistering occurs between epidermis and dermis beneath the basal lamina. The structural defect concerns the anchoring fibrils only which are missing in the junctional zone of the involved skin. All other junctional structures are intact. Beneath the basal lamina a band like zone of a moderate electrondense, amorphous material is seen in the skin lesions of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, less marked in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. Direct immunofluorescent investigation of involved skin of E.b.a. shows a pemphigoid-like fluorescent pattern at the basal lamina with antihuman IgG-, -IgM-, beta1c/beta1a and antihuman C1q-component. In epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, however, a fluorescent pattern at the basal lamina was found only with anti-human IgG and Anti-C3. The pathogenetic importance of the immunoglobuline-deposits at the basal lamina is discussed in regard of the loss of anchoring fibrils and the subsequent vesication in these types of epidermolytic diseases. PMID- 1239241 TI - [Fumaric acid monoethylester: Effect on DNA-synthesis and preliminary findings in experimental studies in animals (author's transl)]. AB - The incorporation of 14C-Thymidin into DNA of cultured human lymphocytes is depressed by added fumaric acid monoethylester (FSME) depending on the dosage of FSME. The decreased radioactivity in DNA as measured by scintillation counting is paralleled by a concomitant decrease in the labelling index in autoradiograms. Decreasing radioactivity is therefore due to a lower number of DNA synthesizing cells. No selective inhibition of proliferation during one of the cell cycle phases was observed. Especially a G2-block known from other cytostaties is absent. A mean dosis of 6.88 mg FSME per g body weight administered intraperitoneally is lethal to mice. The animal die from diffuse necroses of heart muscle cell. Alterations of other organs are less prominent. At lower doses of FSME the morphology of the organs investigated is altered to a smaller degree. PMID- 1239243 TI - Submicroscopic changes in the periventricular white matter of hydrocephalic ch mouse. PMID- 1239242 TI - Mycotoxin-producing fungi from house associated with leukemia. AB - Fungi were isolated from a house associated with four leukemic patients from three families because of the possibility that mycotoxin-producing strains might be present. Extracts of several of the isolated fungal species produced toxic effects in one or more species of animals. Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus parasiticus was isolated from non-leukemia-associated houses with the exception of Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Monotospora. We believe that certain mycotoxins may be related to pathogenesis of leukemia, possibly as an expression of their immunosuppressive effects. PMID- 1239244 TI - Influence of early acetabuloplasty on the development of the acetabulum. PMID- 1239245 TI - [An experimental study on revascularization of cerebral infarction at the acute stage; especially on cerebral metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239246 TI - [Clinical studies of operations of the mitral valve disease. A consideration on the bases of hemodynamic changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239247 TI - [Isolated rat brain perfusion. Experimental preparation technique and report of a case of long electroencephalographic survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239248 TI - [Experiences with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operations for hydrocephalus, with special reference to effects of additional slit formation in peritoneal catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239249 TI - [Distribution of neurosecretion in the neurohypophysis of the cow during and following milking]. AB - Studies by optical microscopy showed that discharge of neurosecretion brought about by the stimulus of milking took place in the zona centralis and also in the transitional and main sectors of the zona terminalis. The zona marginalis, zona metacentralis and the peripheral sector of the zona terminalis were not involved. In pituitary glands fixed at various time intervals after milking, the increase in secretion content and the disappearance of perivascular accumulations of secretion were evidently a result of renewed production and storage of neurosecretion in the hypophysis. The renewed homogeneous distribution of secretion in the zona terminalis had not been completed one hour after milking. The increase in size and number of pituicytes and their frequent appearance in adventitious tissue of vessels and around sinusoid capillaries after the liberation of secretion may be related to degradation processes of neurosecretory material. PMID- 1239250 TI - [Distribution of neurosecretion in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the cow before and following milking]. AB - Distribution of neurosecretion and enzymes in the nuclei was studied by optical microscopy and histochemical methods. The stimulus of milking had no effect on the amount of secretion in the supraoptic nucleus, but synthesis of secretion in the paraventricular nucleus was stimulated by oxytocin liberation associated with milking, and it was still present 60 minutes after milking. It seems that each nuclear region is a functionally independent unit. PMID- 1239251 TI - Reliably separating identical from fraternal twins. AB - Blood typing is the most reliable method for assigning zygosity to twinships in psychological research. Cost, ethical considerations, and practical difficulties in obtaining blood specimens from a large group of children suggested the need for a questionnaire method used with young children and completed by parents. One was designed to assess zygosity based on the extent to which the children were rated as looking alike and being confused by family and strangers. Validity was determined with a sample of twins whose zygosity was demonstrated by blood typing. To determine test-retest reliability, and to explore parental beliefs about zygosity, mothers of same-sex twinships completed the questionnaire on two separate occasions, showing very high agreement. The major difference in parental perceptions of monozygotic and dizygotic twinships is convenient for epidemiological research. This difference, however, questions the assumption, made in estimates of heritability using twin data, that both twinships have identical environmental experiences. PMID- 1239252 TI - [A model for lymphatic metastazing after intradermal inoculation of tumour cells (author's transl)]. AB - A model for judgement of lymphatic spread and metastasis formation is described, using intracutaneous inoculation of tumour cells (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma). The model represents an economic method for testing the effects of anticancer agents on disseminating tumour cells as well as on established tumours metastases in regional lymph nodes. PMID- 1239253 TI - [Two triterpenes from the flowers of the elder]. PMID- 1239254 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the development of feline calicivirus in a feline embryo cell line. AB - The ultrastructural changes in a feline embryo continuous cell line infected with feline calicivirus at a multiplicity of infection of approximately 1 were studied. Virus was found only in the cytoplasm and was observed as single particles, as extensive, non-regular accumulations, as paracrystalline arrays, and as single or multiple linear arrays associated with microfbrils. Mature virus particles were readily distinguished from ribosomes in that they were larger (35nm diameter) and consisted of a central, electron-dense core 20 nm diameter surrounded by a less electron-dense coat. Other changes ovserved in infected cells included rounding of the cell and nucleus and loss of pseudopodia. There was extensive production of smooth-membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm. Virus accumulations of each type, but especially paracrystalline arrays, were frequently closely associated with collections of these vesicles. The cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane was distended. By Feulgen staining and light microscopy, as well as electron microscopy, it was established that nuclear chromatin undergoes profound changes consisting of condensation usually into a single, rounded, central mass. PMID- 1239255 TI - Interactions between vaccinia virus and sensitized macrophages in vitro. AB - The action of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from normal and vaccinia virus infected mice on infectious vaccinia virus particles was investigated in vitro. PEC from immune mice showed a significantly higher infectivity titre reduction (virus clearance, VC) than normal cells. This effect could be clearly attributed to the macrophage. Vaccinia virus multiplied in PEC from normal animals while there was no virus propagation in cells from immunized mice. The release of adsorbed or engulfed virus was reduced significantly in PEC from immunized animals. Anti-vaccinia-antibodies seem to activate normal macrophages to increased virus clearance. This stimulating effect was demonstrable only in the IgG fraction of the antiserum. The activity of macrophages from mice injected three times over a period of 14 days with vaccinia virus could be entirely blocked with anti-mouse-IgG, while PEC from mice injected one time six days previously were not inhibited. PMID- 1239256 TI - Studies on neutralization of Japanese encephalitis virus. IV. Effect of anti cellular serum on the neutralization of sensitized virus by anti-rabbit IgG serum. AB - The effect of anti-cellular rabbit serum (ACRS) on the neutralization of sensitized Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by anti-rabbit IgG serum was examined to elucidate the interaction between virus-antibody complex and the surface of the host cells during the process of neutralization. ACRS had no effect on the adsorption of either sensitized or non-sensitized virus, but was able to restore the lost infectivity of sensitized virus which occurred during the process of neutralization by anti-rabbit IgG serum. This restoration of infectivity was found to take place not only by the addition of ACRS to the reaction mixtures (virus-antibody, anti-rabbit IgG complex) but also by pretreatment of the host cells with ACRS. Although the restoration of lost infectivity varied in magnitude with the concentration of ACRS used, it never exceeded the infectivity titer of the sensitized virus befor incubatio with anti rabbit IgG serum. This result suggests that ACRS has no ability to reverse the neutralization by anti-viral serum. Since the ACRS reacted only with anti-rabbit IgG serum treated sensitized virus, resulting in an increase of the number of infectious centers, the restoration of lost infectivity was explained as being due to the enhancement of adsorption of sensitized virus to the host cells by bridge formation of anti-rabbit IgG antibody between them. PMID- 1239257 TI - [Experimental polyembryony in ducks]. AB - The phenomenon of polyembryony in birds, extremely rare in natural conditions can be comparatively easily induced experimentally by cutting the blastodisk into 2 or more parts. In successful operations and optimal incubation conditions a whole embryo can develop from each physiologically isolated part. Considering experimental polyembryony from the viewpoint of the somatic embryogenesis theory, B. P. Tokin believes that "desintegration of normally correlated cell systems, tissues, organs and organism as a whole" is a necessary condition of the appearance of polyembryony in early stages of development. This work presents the results of experiments on obtaining experimental duck twins by means of physiological isolation of blastodisk portions during diapause. PMID- 1239258 TI - [Angioarchitechtonics of the intervertebral disks in human fetuses and newborns]. AB - The ingrowth of the blood vessel branches into the area of the intervertebral disk takes place at the end of the second month of the intrauterine life. The primary vascular elements have a shape of stretched vascular loops, which grow into the fibrous ring of the disk from the front, from behind and from the sides. Within the fibrous tissue the blood vessels are disposed in the slit-shaped spaces between the layers of the fibrous ring. Here the vascular network is formed by anastomosing. These networks have the smaller meshes the closer to the central zones of the intervertebral disk. No blood vessel branches have been found in the jelly-like nucleus. Intraorganic vessels of the intervertebral disk do not penetrate the vertebrum body. The connection between the disk vessels and the vessels of the vertebrum body takes place in the field of the perichondrium. PMID- 1239259 TI - [Lymphatic bed of the muscular sheath of the small intestine in animals and man during ontogenesis]. AB - In the anatomy of the lymphatic bed of the small intestine muscle layer still there are obscure questions on the phylo- and ontogenesis of man and animals. Under study were 92 corpses (35 men, 27 cats and 30 dogs) of different age, beginning from the intrauterine period to old age. Different methods were used: polychromatic injection; macro- and microscopic dissection; staining after van Gieson and with haematoxilineeosin; impregnation with 0,25-1% solution of silver nitrate; dehydration and clearing; counting of the density of loops per a mm2 and the depth of their disposition in the intestinal wall with an ocular-micrometer. It was shown that formation of the lymph capillaries and their network in cats, dogs and man began from the end of the intrauterine period, was completed in new borns and became sufficiently developed in young age. The structure of the lymph capillary networks is closely connected with the development of the muscle layer of the small intestine. Formation of the lymph lacunas begins after birth. With age the lymph capillary network becomes looser, the loops break and their size enlarges. PMID- 1239260 TI - [Regularities in the distribution of sweat glands and the principles of their grouping in man]. AB - Under study were skin pieces from 80 regions of the body of 41 human fetuses and embryos, 5 corpses of newborns and 43 corpses of people of different age. Series of paraffin sections stained by conventional methods as well as total preparations and thick sections stained with methylene blue were examined. The laying of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in the skin covered or not with hair was shown to occur repeatedly. Basing on the succession of their appearance they are called the glands of the first, second and third generations. The principle of grouping of eccrine sweat glands is shown both in the composition of glandular hair complexes and in the groups independent of hair. The author proposes using of letter and figure symbols to signify variations of their disposition in formulars. The appocrine sweat glands are also laid repeatedly in the sites of their typical localization. PMID- 1239261 TI - [Effect of small concentrations of carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide on the intrauterine development of rats]. AB - Under study were small concentrations of carbon bisulphide and hydrogen sulphide on embryonic development of rats in a natural experiment (under conditions of viscose industry). Prolonged exposure to the agents gives an embryotoxic effect at the pre- and postimplantation stages and they are responsible for the appearance of abnormalities of predominantly genito-urinary and bone systems in a small amount of embryos, disturb embryonal blood formation and the ossification process, result in severe changes of the parenchymatous cells of the liver and kidneys of rat embryos. PMID- 1239262 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the formation of the egg membranes of the oocytes of the last year of development in the peliad]. AB - After ovulation the egg membrane of the pelled consists of 3 layers. The homogeneous electron-dense layer comprising its major mass zona radiata, is laid as early as the stage of protoplasmatic growth of the oocyte as a result of accumulation of an electron-dense substance of a high electron density in the basement of the oocyte microvilli. The next, pectinate layer is formed from the highly electron-dense substance formed in the vacuoli of the follicular cell Golgi complex released into the subfollicular space. The most external layer - a fibrous layer - is formed due to release of large vacuoles, formed in the apical area of the follicular cells not long before ovulation. The obtained data suggest a great role of the follicular epithelium in the formation of egg membranes of the pelled. PMID- 1239263 TI - [Differentiation of the epithelium of the pronephros and the primary kidney in frogs]. AB - The kidneys of tadpoles of different developmental stages were examined in preparations processed histologically and histochemically. It was found that differentiation of the provisory excretory organ tubules in frogs was "shortened" or "accelerated" after P. P. Ivanov's terminology, and developed differently as compared with differentiation of tubules of the definitive organ of excretion -- the primary kidney. When differentiating the epithelium of the proximal portion of the primary kidney nephron passes the stage of the high prismatic false stratified epithelium. The pronephros tubules do not pass this stage and the epithelium becomes a strict monolayer from the very beginning. No mitoses are observed in the pronephros tubule epithelium even at the earliest differentiation stages. Later on, the beginning of tubule functioning, and with the reduction, and later disappearance of yolk granules in the epithelium solitary mitoses make their appearance. The mitotic activity of the primary kidney tubule epithelium is very high (70%) at the early stage of differentiation. Then its mitotic activity decreases (30%), and after the beginning of the tubule functioning mitoses in its epithelium become solitary. PMID- 1239264 TI - [Some data on the formation of anomalies of the bodies of the vertebrae in man]. AB - Investigations of intraorgan arteries of individual vertebrae from 150 preparations of the vertebral column of fetuses and newborns revealed in 14 vertebrae nuclei of calcification of an unusual form. As a result of studies of serial histological sections it was established that the abnormal nucleus of calcification had irregularly distributed blood vessels. The results obtained justify the assumption that the abnormal development and irregular distribution of blood vessels in the vertebral body may become one of the causes of formation of defective foci of calcification, which, after the baby is born, may account for various deformations of the vertebral body. PMID- 1239265 TI - [Embolism of the pulmonary artery by chorionic villi in hydatid mole]. PMID- 1239266 TI - Prolactin-secreting adenomas. A light and electron microscopical study. AB - The microscopical and ultrastructural findings in twenty-five prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas removed by transsphenoidal surgery have been analyzed and compared with previously published cases. Under the light microscope, these adenomas could easily be confused with chromophobe adenomas. However, in eight cases a small number of cells contained erythrosinophilic granules of the type found in prolactin cells. Electron microscopical study of the tumor cells showed scarce secretory granules frequently undergoing exocytosis, a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a large Golgi area containing immature granules. Cytoplasmic bundles and aggregates of filaments, as well as myelin figures and glycogen within the mitochondria were occasionally found. Comparison with prolactin cells during lactation, in pituitary autografts, and under in vitro stimulation shows that the tumor cells are actively secreting. PMID- 1239267 TI - The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)! past, present and future. AB - The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) (from the Greek phascolarctos meaning leather pouch and bear, cinereus ashen grey in colour) is Australia's most admired native animal but very little scientific reference material is available on this unique animal. The demands of the fur trade during the latter half of the last century and up to the 1920's almost exterminated the koala and this tragic episode from the past is briefly recounted. Koalas are nocturnal and arboreal. Details of appearance, distribution, breeding, diet, water intake, volatile eucalypt oil detoxication and handling are briefly described, while information concerning intravenous injections, anaesthetic agents antibiotic therapy and fluid therapy are given. As an aid to veterinarians presented with koalas to examine, tables are presented for physiological, haematological and biochemical values. Pathological conditions found on post mortem examination are summarised, while disease conditions such as anaemia, keratoconjuctivitis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcocis, reproductive disorders, miscellaneous conditions and internal and external parasites are mentioned. Finally, the future of the koala is discussed. Diminishing habitat, depletion of food supplies, bushfires, the threat of disease, coupled with a paucity of relevant scientific information, create an uncertain future for the koala. A plea is made to totally protect and expand the very few remaining known koala breeding areas especially in Victoria, and for veterinarians to become involved in conservation programs and wildlife research in order that the future of the koala in common with all other native species may be assured. PMID- 1239269 TI - Effects of seizure and subseizure posttrial hippocampal stimulation on appetitive operant behavior in mice. PMID- 1239268 TI - Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis to domestic fowl by means of earthworms recovered from pheasant yard soil. AB - Four cockerels and two poults were fed ground earthworms recovered from soil where ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were raised. All 4 cockerels showed mild signs of histomoniasis, and numerous Heterakis were recovered at necropsy. One of the 2 poults died, with typical gross and microscopic lesions of histomoniasis. Heterakis eggs recovered from the 4 cockerels were used to infect an additional 12 cockerels and 11 poults. PMID- 1239270 TI - Development of nocturnal behavior in albino rats. PMID- 1239271 TI - Aggressive communication by Larus glaucescens. III. Description of the displays related to territorial protection. PMID- 1239272 TI - Interaction of predation and intraspecific aggression in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus. PMID- 1239273 TI - [Disinfection tests on Eimeria tenella oocytes]. PMID- 1239274 TI - An electrophoretic study of the distribution and properties of human hexokinases. AB - An electrophoretic system which gives a clear separation of human hexokinases HK1, HK2 and HK3 is described. The distribution of the hexokinase isozymes in various human tissues, both adult and fetal, is reported. Some properties of the isozymes were investigated. HK2 was found to be more thermolabile than HK1, and there was also a small but significant difference in molecular size. Unlike HK3, HK1 and HK2 are not inhibited by high glucose concentrations. Screening of red cell lysates from 800 unrelated European individuals revealed no genetic variants of HK1 and HK2. However, in view of their difference in properties, it seems probable that the HK1 and HK2 isozymes are determined by separate gene loci. PMID- 1239276 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase in preimplantation rabbit embryos. AB - Unfertilized eggs and early embryos up to the 2-day (16-cell) cleavage stage of development in the rabbit contain predominantly the most cathodal lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme made up of A-type subunits. Following early cleavage there is a progressing increase in total LDH activity in the embryo as development proceeds through 4- and 6-day blastocyst stages. This is accompanied by an increase in the amount of B-type subunits and a concomitant shift in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern toward the anodal isoenzyme types. PMID- 1239275 TI - On the defect of synthesis ceruloplasmin in the liver polyribosomes in Wilson's disease. AB - Comparative immunochemical analysis of ceruloplasmin-synthesizing polyribosomes in liver biopsies from control subjects and homozygous carriers of the Wilson's mutation was performed. According to I125-antibody binding data, the amount of ceruloplasmin-forming liver polysomes in patients with Wilson's disease was 10- 20 times lower than that in non-Wilson patients. Correspondingly, the pulse labeling of ceruloplasmin polypeptides was decreased several-fold in the cell free liver preparations from patients with Wilson's disease. PMID- 1239277 TI - The primary structure of aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart muscle. Digestion with a proteinase having specificity for lysine residues. AB - Carboxymethylated aspartate aminotransferase was digested with a proteinase claimed to be specific for lysine residues. Complete cleavage occurred at 12 of the 19 lysine residues in the protein, but at the remaining seven residues cleavage was either restricted or absent. In addition, cleavage was observed at three of the 26 arginine residues. These results are discussed with reference to the amino acid residues adjacent to points of complete or restricted cleavage. The complete primary structure of aspartate aminotransferase, based on these and other studies, is given. Evidence for the assignment of some acid and amide side chains has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50050 (11 pp.) at the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1975) 145, 5. The evidence for the assignment of residue 366 was less conclusive than for the other acid and amide side chains and is, therefore, given in the main paper. PMID- 1239278 TI - Purification and characterization of lipoprotein lipase from pig myocardium. AB - 1. Lipoprotein lipase was purified from pig myocardium by a two-step purification procedure involving (a) the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex and (b) affinity chromatography on Sepharose which contained covalently linked heparin. The purified enzyme gave in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis one main band with an apparent molecular weight of 73 000. The enzyme, which was purified 70 000-fold, had a specific activity of 860 mumol of unesterified fatty acid liberated/h per mg of protein. 2. The purified enzyme hydrolysed [14C]triolein emulsions in the absence of added cofactors but its activity was increased fivefold by adding normal human serum. Of the low-density lipoprotein apoproteins only apolipoprotein CII could be substituted for serum in activating the enzyme. This lipase had maximum activity at 0.05-0.15 M-NaCl. Heparin increased the activity of the purified enzyme twofold at low concentrations, but high concentrations inhibited. The triglyceride lipase of pig myocardium thus resembles lipoprotein lipase purified from adipose tissue and from plasma, but is clearly different from pig hepatic triglyceride lipase. PMID- 1239280 TI - Arginine as a substrate binding site in aspartate aminotransferase. PMID- 1239279 TI - Comparative studies of the cross-linked regions of elastin from bovine ligamentum nuchae and bovine, porcine and human aorta. AB - 1. The preparative Edman degradation of desmosine-containing peptides permitted the isolation of peptides C-terminal to the desmosine cross-links in bovine, porcine and human aortic elastin as well as bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin. This identifies the lysines in the tropoelastin which give rise to the desmosine cross-links. 2. The sequences from bovine aortic elastin were identical with those obtained from bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin but differed from those obtained from the other species. The most striking difference involves the occurrence of phenylalanine in bovine elastin and tyrosine in porcine and human elastin C-terminal to the desmosine cross-links. 3. The sequences of the C terminal peptides were found to fall into two distinct classes, one starting with hydrophobic residues, the other starting with alanine. It is proposed that thehydrophobic residue prevents the enzymic oxidative deamination of the adjacent lysine e-amino group and this then contributes the nitrogen to the pyridinium ring of the cross-links. PMID- 1239281 TI - Changes in the exposure of tryptophyl and tyrosyl residues in thrombin due to diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and benzamidine inhibitions. PMID- 1239282 TI - The hydrolytic and transacylation activity of the phospholipase A1 purified from human post-heparin plasma. PMID- 1239283 TI - Developmental control of enzyme modification during fruiting of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. PMID- 1239285 TI - Nicotine antibody production: comparison of two nicotine conjugates in different animal species. PMID- 1239284 TI - The Gaucher mouse. PMID- 1239286 TI - Studies on a possible reaction intermediate of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. PMID- 1239288 TI - Isolation of a large glycopeptide from cartilage procollagen by collagenase digestion and evidence indicating the presence of glucose, galactose and mannose in the peptide. PMID- 1239287 TI - Secretion of unhydroxylated chick tendon procollagen. PMID- 1239289 TI - Biphasic effect of extracts of Lithospermum ruderale on the uptake of 32P by testes and thyroids of cockerels. PMID- 1239290 TI - The catalytic metal atoms of cobalt substituted liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 1239291 TI - Hypouricemia. PMID- 1239292 TI - Preliminary investigations on a new antiinflammatory steroid (Cortivazol). PMID- 1239293 TI - [Effects of creatinolo-O-phosphate on the contractility of the rabbit heart in situ]. PMID- 1239294 TI - [Ultrastructural data on some functional aspects of the copulatory pouch of Dugesia lugubris s.l]. PMID- 1239295 TI - Editorial: The right to prescribe. PMID- 1239296 TI - Laterlity and reading attainment. PMID- 1239297 TI - Teaching the doctor-patient relation to medical students. Learning experience in a behaviour therapy clinic. AB - The results of a 2-year trial of teaching medical students in a phobia clinic are described. This has been found a useful experience by the students, particularly as an introduction to the doctor-patient relation. The success rate and attitude of patients justified this experiment, and there might be an indication for extension to other teaching and possibly regional hospitals. The long-term benefits to the medical student are discussed. PMID- 1239298 TI - Structural requirements for the action of steroids as quenchers of albumin fluorescence. AB - 1. Androgens, corticoids, gestagens, estrogens and related steroids are effective quenchers of the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin. The quenching effect involves the formation of a steroid albumin complex which formation constant (Kf) and free energy of formation (delta G 0) can be determined by fluorescence titration. The fluorimetrically determined delta G 0 values range from -6.5 to -7.5 kcal/mol. 2. 5 alpha-Androstane and 5 alpha-pregnane are effective quenchers of albumin fluorescence, in accord with the essentially hydrophobic nature of the steroid-albumin interaction. Introduction of hydroxy or oxo groups in 5 alpha-androstane decreases the fluorescence quenching action, but the effect of each group declines when other polar groups are present in the steroid molecule. Similar effects occur with 5 alpha-pregnane except that 20 hydroxy (or oxo) duo-polar derivatives are more effective than the parent hydrocarbon. 3. Comparison of delta G 0 values for steroids differing in a single grouping shows that the steroid-albumin interaction is increased by (a) the benzenoid A-ring; (b) sulfate or carboxylate ions in the vicinity of C-3; (c) the 3-oxo group in place of the 3 alpha-hydroxyl (with 5 beta-pregnane derivatives; not with 5 alpha-androstane derivatives); (d) 17 beta-acetyl or 17 beta hydroxyethyl residues; (e) acetylated or propionated 17 beta-hydroxy groups; (f) acetylated or methylated hydroxy groups at the C-3 of estrogens; (g) delta 5 and delta 6 double bonds; and (h) the 19 beta-methyl group. The maximal variation of delta G 0 determined by affinity-enhancing groups is -0.8 kcal/mol. Conversely, the steroid-albumin interaction is decreased by introduction of (i) oxygen atoms at C-3, C-6, C-11, C-16, and C-17; (j) 17 alpha-ethynyl and 17 alpha-acetoxyl residues; (k) benzoylated or hexahydro-benzoylated beta-hydroxy groups at C-17; (l) acetylated and benzoylated hydroxy groups at C-3; and delta 1 (conjugated) double bond. Oxo groups at C-3, C-6, C-16 and the 16 alpha, 17 alpha-epoxy group are more effective than the corresponding alpha-hydroxyl in decreasing affinity, while at C-11 and C-17, the alpha-hydroxyl is more effective than the beta hydroxyl and the oxo group. The effect of substituents is influenced by the whole molecular structure, particularly, by the stereostructure at the A/B juncture, and the presence of an oxo group at C-17. 4. The stereospecific effect of substituents at different positions in the steroid molecule suggests that with non-aromatic, A/B trans (planar) steroids, binding to albumin primarily involves the (alpha) rear surface of the B-, C- and D-ring, and possibly, the 17 beta-side chain. With estrogens and A/B cis (dihedral) steroids, the benzenoid A-ring and electron attracting groups at C-3, respectively, may participate in binding. PMID- 1239299 TI - Kinetic mechanism of formininotransferase from porcine liver. AB - Formiminotransferase (EC 2.1.2.5) and cyclodeaminase (EC 4.3.1.4) constitute an enzyme complex that catalyses two sequential metabolic reactions. The activity of native formiminotransferase can be measured without interference from cyclodeaminase, and its kinetic mechanism has been investigated. Although initial velocity plots yield families of parallel lines suggesting that the transferase utilizes a ping-pong mechanism, product inhibition and alternate substrate studies with tetrahydropteroic acid clearly show the mechanism to be sequential. Of the possible mechanisms compatible with these observations, several could be ruled out through the effects of various dead-end inhibitors. The data indicate that the transferase mechanism is rapid equilibrium random with formation of a dead-end complex enzyme-tetrahydrofolate-glutamate. PMID- 1239300 TI - Guine pig liver L-asparaginase. Separation, purification, and intracellular localisation of two distinct enzymatic activities. AB - Two distinct L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) activities were detected in guinea pig liver: Asparaginase 1 and Asparaginase 2. Asparaginase 1 has been purified 272 fold from the crude homogenate; its molecular weight was evaluated by gel filtration to be about 150 000. The purified preparation was shown to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate strip and polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis. Asparaginase 2 has been purified 63.5 fold from the crude homogenate. Its molecular weight was evaluated by gel filtration to be about 21 500. Cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis demonstrated two bands, one of which corresponded to Asparaginase 1 and the other to Asparaginase 2. Cellular fractionation in the ultracentrifuge, showed Asparaginase 1 to be present only in the cytosol fraction. Asparaginase 2 which was unstable at 105 000 X g seemed mostly localized in the mitochondria and secondarily in the cytoplasmic fraction. PMID- 1239301 TI - Effect of calcium ions on pyruvate carboxylase from pigeon liver. AB - Pigeon liver pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate: CO2 ligase (ADP forming), EC 6.4.1.1) shows allosteric properties similar to those of chicken or rat liver enzyme. Kinetic methods have been used to determine the effect of Ca2+ on this enzyme. The Ca2+ activation effect is absolutely dependent on the Mg2+ concentration; in the absence of Mg2+, pyruvate carboxylase has no catalytic activity. Furthermore, Ca2+ cannot replace Mg2+ and also shows a paradoxical effect on the liver enzyme activity. It is an activator at low pyruvate or Mg2+ concentrations; at increased pyruvate concentrations, however, it becomes an inhibitor. At low levels of ATP a pronounced activation of pigeon liver pyruvate carboxylase by Ca2+ has been demonstrated. The results of this communication demonstrate pigeon liver pyruvate carboxylase to be different from pyruvate carboxylase from other sources. PMID- 1239302 TI - On the specificity of porcine elastase. AB - The specificity of porcine elastase (EC 3.4.4.7) has been studied. Ethyl esters derived from benzoyl amino acids with straight side chains are better substrates than those with branched side chains; the best substrate is norvaline ester. In the series of benzoylalanine alkyl esters the alcohol moiety markedly affects the susceptibility. The benzyl ester was found to be the best nonactivated substrate derived from monomeric amino acid. With elastase acylation is rate limiting, in contrast to chymotrypsin and trypsin where deacylation is generally the rate determining step with specific ester substrates. PMID- 1239303 TI - Different effects of polylysine and polyarginine on the transition to a condensed state of DNA in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution. AB - Circular dichroism spectroscopy has been used to investigate the influence of polylysine and polyarginine on the transition to a condensed state of DNA brought about by high concentrations of polyethyleneglycol and salt. From the dependence on DNA concentration of the CD signals, the anomalous CD of free DNA in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution was attributed to the intermolecular association of DNA molecules. The CD spectral changes in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution of the DNA - polylysine complex were indistinguishable from those of free DNA while the DNA-polyarginine complex suffered much smaller spectral changes as compared with free DNA, at low DNA concentrations where time-independent CD spectra were observed in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution for both the complexed and free DNA. The repression of the spectral change by the latter complex was more remarkable at higher ratios of polyarginine to DNA. The facts indicate that, whereas polylysine binding has little influence on the intermolecular structural transition of double-stranded DNA into a compact molecular configuration in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution, polyarginine binding has an effect of inhibiting the transition. PMID- 1239304 TI - Cell-free synthesis of tubulin 1 and tubulin 2 on polysomes isolated from embryonic chick brain. PMID- 1239305 TI - [Vitamin B6 fluorescence in cells]. AB - The band of cell fluorescence with the maximum of 395-400 nm is registered. This band is exposed on the phone of the tryptophane by wavelength excitation lambdaex=250-260 nm, and in pure scape by lambdaex=310-326 nm. Pyridoxin - substrate of vitamin B6 has identical parameters of spectra excitation and emission of neutral (pH 7) and acid (pH 2) solutions. After temperature damage of cells the intensity of this band increases. PMID- 1239306 TI - [Phospholipase A1 activity of Achlya bisexualis coker: influence of lecithins in the culture media]. PMID- 1239307 TI - Early development of the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Mitchill). PMID- 1239308 TI - Autogenous egg production in the salt-marsh mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus. PMID- 1239309 TI - [Substrate specificity of cysteine lyase]. AB - Substrate specificity is studied of cysteine lyase, a phosphopyridoxal-dependent enzyme belonging to the subgroup of beta-replacing lyases. This enzyme has a narrow specificity for the amino substrate; its only primary substrate is L cysteine. Cysteine lyase has a broad specificity for the cosubstrate (replacing agent), catalysing the synthesis of L-cysteic acid from L-cysteine and sulfite ion or cystein thioesters (in the presence of some thiols). Enzyme is incapable to use alpha-phenyl- and alpha-methylcysteine as substrates. It is found that enzyme catalyses the exchange of alpha-H atoms of the aminoacid substrate cysteine with 3H2O. It does not catalyse alpha-hydrogenexchange in close structural analogues of substrate: L-alanine, D-serine, treonine, allo-threonine and 3-phosphoserine. L-Serine inhibited the synthesis of S-hydroxyethylcystein from cysteine and beta-mercaptoethanol (Ki of L-serine is 0,8-10(-2) M), participating at the first stage of reaction: the formation of a pyridoxylidenic derivative, which does not undergo the further alpha,beta-elimination of beta replacement reactions. PMID- 1239310 TI - [Model of bifunctional binding of rotenone and piericidin with mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase]. AB - Based on authors' and literature data on the effect of inhibitors of mitochondrial NADH-dehydrogenase a scheme concerning bifunctional binding of specific inhibitors--piericidin A and rotenone with the enzyme is suggested. Analysis on the models, made in correspondence with the requirements of this scheme, permitted to propose conformations in which rotenoides interact with the enzyme. PMID- 1239311 TI - [Primary structure of cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase from pit heart muscle. Amino acid sequence of thermolytic peptides]. AB - Amino acid sequences of 128 thermolytic peptides from carboxymethylated aspartate aminotransferase were determined. These peptides contain a total of 515 amino acid residues and account for a sequence of 384 amino acid residues in the aspartate aminotransferase. PMID- 1239312 TI - [Activation of prothrombin, modified by maleic anhydride, some properties of N maleyl-thrombin with free alpha-amino groups]. AB - Conditions for the acylation of bovine prothrombin by maleic anhydride are worked out. The reaction is shown to modify not more than 95% of amino groups. The changes in hydrodynamic and electrophoretic properties testify about structural changes of prothrombin as a result of the modification of free amino groups. The activation of maleyl-prothrombin to maleyl-thrombin took place in 25% sodium citrate only in the presence of thrombin and the Xa factor. The increase of modified amino groups in prothrombin resulted in the decrease of the activity of generated maleyi-thrombin. The main fraction of maleyl-thrombin with free alpha amino groups had a sedimentation coefficient of 2.1 S and possessed a residual esterase activity. PMID- 1239313 TI - [Formation of behavioral reactions in the ontogeny of inbred (Wistar) and mongrel rats]. PMID- 1239314 TI - Gestational stress: effects on open-field behaviour and heart rate reactivity in rat offspring. AB - Home-cage heart rate (HR) and open-field defecation, ambulation, rearing and HR, were recorded in the offspring of mothers who had been exposed to stress during gestation. Compared with controls, experimental animals showed no significant differences in ambulation and rearing, while defecation was significantly lower. The only significant finding on HR was an increase from home-cage level to open field level in the experimental group. The results confirmed previous findings that illumination level is a useful independent variable in gestational stress studies, and suggested that different types of HR measure yield a similar picture of the HR/defecation relationship, which appears to be a negative function. These conclusions were discussed in the light of other findings in this area, and traditional assumptions about the emotionality construct were questioned. PMID- 1239315 TI - Intensity of continuous light: threshold lower for persistent estrus than for retinal degeneration. PMID- 1239316 TI - Diurnal rhythms in gonadotropins and progesterone in lactating and photoperiod induced acyclic hamsters. PMID- 1239317 TI - Transfer of the gene for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of isolated human metaphase chromosomes into murine L-cells. PMID- 1239318 TI - Shear inactivation of heparin. PMID- 1239319 TI - [Thyroid pigments in Gunn rats]. AB - The structural and histochemical characteristics of the thyroid pigment in homozygous Gunn rats were examined. The pigment occurs in the form of numerous yellow granules in the cytoplasm of the follicular cells. The focal depositions of the pigment were also seen in the central part of the luminal colloid. However, the pigment granules were not present in the light or parafollicular cells. The main histochemical properties of the pigment are that it is basophilic, PAS-positive, acid-fast and reducing toward alcaline silver nitrate and ferricyanide. Besides, it was easily bleached with oxidizing agents. It was deduced that the pigment was a lipofuscine. Ultrastructurally, pigment bodies are characterised by an electron dense content, and a smooth surface single limiting membrane. They resembled lysosomes or peroxisomes. It was concluded that the pigment granules visible at the light microscopic level resulted frim the accumulation of the pigment substance in the preexisting lysosomes. PMID- 1239320 TI - [Multiplication of the different varieties of cells of the mouse pubic symphysis during growth and early gestation: radioautographic study with the use of tritiated thymidine]. AB - 1) A radioautographic study was undertaken after injection of tritiated thymidine during post-natal growth. The mitotic activity was localized in the three constituents of the mouse pubic symphysis: - in the osteogenic cartilage, labelled nuclei are numerous throughout animal growth; - in the articular cartilage, labelled nuclei are seldom encountered; - in the medial region, the chondroblasts, elongated dorso-ventrally, and the fibroblasts of the dorsal ligament show numerous labelled nuclei. 2. During the first pregnancy, the mitotic activity of the three constituents were examined separately: - in the osteogenic cartilage, the number of labelled cells increases at the beginning of the first pregnancy : the tibia epiphyseal cartilage apparently simultaneously shows revival of mitotic activity. After the 15th day of pregnancy, the osteogenic cartilage disappears by endochondral ossification; - in the articular cartilage and fibrocartilage, no mitotic activity is detectable as long as their typical characteristics are conserved. However, mititic activity becomes evident again when these cartilaginous cells cease to be surrounded by the typical chondroid matrix and become incorporated into the ligament. Cell multiplication therefore participated in symphyseal ligament dilatation. PMID- 1239321 TI - [New data on the "critical period" of the luteinizing action of estradiol benzoate in female rats]. AB - The luteinizing action of oestradiol benzoate (OB) has been studied in 4-day cyclic female Wistar rats submitted to a dose of 10 mug on the morning of dioestrus I at 10-11 a.m. In a first experimental series a blockage of luteinization was observed in females injected with pentobarbital (PB) either on dioestrus I at 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. respectively or on dioestrus II at 1:30 p.m. In the second series the blockage of luteinization only occured in females injected with PB on dioestrus II at 1:30 p.m. Early mating during the night following dioestrus II overcame this action of PB. The luteinizing effects of OB were therefore concluded to be dependent on the activation on the afternoon of dioestrus II, of the nervous hypothalamic structures. They were also shown to depend on the sensitivity to PB and/or to OB, on the day of dioestrus I, of the hypothalamo-pituitary system. PMID- 1239322 TI - The metabolism of p,p'-DDE in laying Japanese quail and their incubated eggs. PMID- 1239323 TI - Inhibition by apomorphine of the metoclopramide-induced catalepsy and increase in striatal homovanillic acid content. AB - 1 The mechanism of the cataleptic effect of metoclopramide was analyzed by using drugs which alter the activity of dopaminergic or cholinergic neurones or the content of psi-aminobutyric acid in the central nervous system of rats. 2 The cataleptic effect of metoclopramide (20 mg/kg) was antagonized by apomorphine (10 mg/kg) and by atropine (50 mg/kg). Aminoxyacete acid (AOAA, 25-50 mg/kg) potentiated the catalepsy induced by metoclopramide (5 mg/kg). 3 Metoclopramide alone did not alter the rectal temperature of rats. It did not alter the AOAA induced hypothermia, but it partially antagonized apomorphine-induced hypothermia. 4 Metoclopramide induced a six-fold increase in striatal homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration, but it did not change the dopamine or noradrenaline content in the brain of rats. Apomorphine decreased the striatal HVA concentration in control and in metoclopramide-treated rats. Atropine and AOAA did not alter the metoclopramide-induced increase in striatal HVA concentration. 5 The results suggest that metoclopramide produces catalepsy by blocking striatal dopamine receptors. PMID- 1239324 TI - Identification of talc on surgeons' gloves and in tissue from starch granulomas. AB - Particles of talc have been identified on the route surface of surgeons' rubber gloves and in sections of tissue classified as 'starch' or 'foreign body' granulomas. This analytical study indicates that under certain circumstances these granulomas could have been caused by talc contamination. PMID- 1239325 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and premenstrual tension. PMID- 1239326 TI - Editorial: Bromocriptine--a changing scene. PMID- 1239327 TI - Editorial: Acute appendicitis in pregnancy. PMID- 1239328 TI - Editorial: Salmonellas in sausages. PMID- 1239329 TI - Serum corticoid levels relative to handling stress in Alaskan moose. PMID- 1239330 TI - Commentary: Current status of clinical immunotherapy. PMID- 1239331 TI - The effect of isoprenaline and propranolol on rat myocardial ornithine decarboxylase. AB - The intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline in rats caused an increase in myocardial ornithine decarboxylase activity which reached a maximum of about four times the control value one hour after the injection. The intraperitoneal injection of dl-propranolol had no effect on myocardial ornithine decarboxylase activity. The injection of dl-propranolol 30 min before the injection of isoprenaline almost completely prevented the effect of isoprenaline. PMID- 1239332 TI - Health needs and health services: a question of priorities. PMID- 1239333 TI - [Trimethazone and its metabolites in the rat's liver tissue]. PMID- 1239334 TI - [Forensic child gynaecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239335 TI - [Splenectomy by ethylpalmitate in Wistar rats]. AB - Necrosis of the spleen resulting from previous storage of the substance within the cells was produced by intravenous injections of 500 mg and 800 mg, respectively, of ethylpalmitate in 30 male Wistar [VELAZ] rats weighting, on average, 200 g. A certain inhomogeneity of the results indicates differences in tissue susceptibility obviously related to the actual functinal state at the spleen. Ethylpalmitate storage was observed to a lesser degree in the Kupffer cells of the liver and in the cells of pulmonary alveoli and septa. This, however, was unassociated with marked necrosis. Other organs [lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, kidney, myocardium] did not display significant changes. PMID- 1239336 TI - [Tumors in stillborn and live children until the end of 1st year of life in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 1239337 TI - [Congenital rubella]. PMID- 1239338 TI - Studies on lysophospholipases, V. The action of lysolecithin-hydrolyzing enzymes on lecithins and 1-acyl lysolecithins with varying fatty acid chain-length. AB - The activity of two purified lysolecithin-hydrolyzing enzymes on homologous series of synthetic lecithins containing two identical fatty acyl chains and of 1 acyl-lysolecithins has been measured as a function of substrate concentration. In general, enzymatic activity toward lecithins decreased with increasing chain length. Maximal hydrolysis rates for the lysolecithin series were measured with 1 dodecanoyllysolecithin. In this series increased affinities for substrates with increasing acyl-chain length was noticed. In the substrate concentration versus enzymatic velocity curves no breaks were observed at the critical micelle concentration of the various substrates. The initial site of attack during hydrolysis of short-chain lecithins was determined using 1-octanoyl-2pentanoyl lecithin, 1-hexanoyl-2-hexyllecithin and 1 -hexyl-2-hexanoyllecithin. Both enzymes exhibited a pronounced preference for hydrolysis of the acyl ester bond at the 1-position. Especially the enzyme from beef pancreas seems to be suitable for the enzymatic preparation of 2-acyl lysolecithins from the corresponding short-chain lecithins. PMID- 1239340 TI - [Association of trabeculotomies and the argon laser in the surgical treatment of chronic glaucoma]. PMID- 1239339 TI - Permeability and integrity properties of lecithin-sphingomyelin liposomes. AB - The properties of multibilayered liposomes formed from mixtures of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in varying mole ratio (all containing one mole dicetylphosphate per 10 moles of phospholipids) have been studied. The principal findings are: (1) Over the range 0 to 1 mole fraction sphingomyelin the liposomes exhibit multibilayer structure as visualized by electron microscopy using negative staining. (2) The two phospholipids differ in their interaction with dicetylphosphate in a bilayer structure. In mixtures of the two the effect of sphingomyelin is dominant. (3) The ability of sphingomyelin to form osmotically active liposomes depends on its fatty acid's composition. (4) Liposomes of all mole fractions of sphingomyelin are osmotically active if the C24: 1 fatty acid content of sphingomyelin exceeds 10% of the total acyl residues. The degree of osmotic activity, however, depends upon the molar ratio between the two phospholipids. The highest initial rate of water permeability was found for lecithin liposomes. The maximal change of volume by osmotic gradients was obtained for liposomes composed of 1:1 lecithin to sphingomyelin (mole ratio). (5) Permeability to glucose increased with increasing lecithin mole fraction. (6) Liposomes composed of 1:1 lecithin to sphingomyelin have the largest aqueous volume per mole of phospholipid as measured by glucose trapping. (7) The osmotic fragility of liposomes made of sphingomyelin is higher than for those made of lecithin but the highest osmotic fragility was obtained for liposomes containing lecithin and sphingomyelin in 1:1 molar ratio. (8) When the temperature is abruptly lowered to about 2 degrees C, lipsomes formed from phosphatidylcholine release about 20% of trapped glucose during a transient increase in permeability. Liposomes containing 0.5 mole fraction sphingomyelin release about 30% of the trapped glucose under these conditions. Liposomes composed of sphingomyelin alone do not exhibit this phenomenon. PMID- 1239341 TI - [Possible complications of photocoagulations by argon laser. Discussion of a case]. PMID- 1239342 TI - [Bilateral central serous chorio-retinopathy, migratory on 1 side. Discussion of a case]. PMID- 1239343 TI - Fetal loss and familial chromosome 1 translocations. AB - A structural abnormality of chromosome No. 1 was found in two families who had a history of repeated abortions. The propositus in Family H was a low birth weight, malformed infant who had a partial trisomy of 1g. His mother and a sibling were balanced carriers of a t(1;4) (q25;135). In family B, the 29-year-old phenotypically normal propositus and his mother were found to be balanced carriers of a t(1;12) (p12;q24). It is suggested that the fetal wastage in both families was related to the abnormal karyotypes of the parents. These two families also provide an opportunity to further understand the effect of an abnormality of chromosome number 1 on phenotype. PMID- 1239344 TI - Variable expression of Marfan syndrome in monozygotic twins. AB - A pair of monzygotic twins with the Marfan syndrome with variable expression is presented. One of the twins, in addition to more severe musculoskeletal and ocular manifestations, had coarctation of the aorta as the cardiovascular manifestation of this symdrome. Analysis of red cell antigens, serum proteins and dermatoglyphic examination suggests a high probability of monozygosity. Accordingly, the variation in expression of this autosomal dominant disorder between the twins is most likely due to the modifying influences of environmental factors. Also noteworthy is the fact that the resected coarctation tissue demonstrated the histopathologic changes characteristic of cystic medial necrosis, and thus served as an additional piece of evidence supporting the diagnosis of the Marfan syndrome. This was of particular importance in view of the absence of any family history of this syndrome and the absence of ectopia lentis or the more typical cardiovascular manifestations in either twin. PMID- 1239345 TI - Cellular immune response to acetylcholine receptor-rich fraction, in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with myasthenia gravis were stimulated when cultured in vitro with an electric eel extract enriched in acetylcholine receptor. No stimulation was observed with other antigens from nerve or muscle origin. Lymphocytes from non-myasthenic patients showed no response to any of these antigens. These findings suggest that an in vivo sensitization of lymphocytes to self acetylcholine receptor may occur in myasthenia gravis. The presence of sensitized lymphocytes, probably resulting from an autoimmune mechanism, might be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the neuromuscular block in this disease. PMID- 1239346 TI - Immunoconglutinins and C3 in human saliva. AB - High titres of immunoconglutinin activity (antibody to bound complement components) have been found in the parotid, sublingual and submandibular saliva of most healthy subjects. The immunoconglutinin (IK) titre in mixed saliva was substantially lower than in the other samples of saliva. C3 was detectable in only three of 164 samples of parotid, submandibular and sublingual saliva but was present in forty-seven of 117 mixed saliva samples. It is suggested that crevicular fluid is the major source of C3 in mixed saliva. A negative correlation was found in mixed saliva between the C3 concentration and the IK titre, and this suggested that C3 was the inhibitor of IK in mixed saliva. Binding of C3 to IK has been demonstrated in mixed saliva by using highly purified salivary IK and C3. Purified C3, C3i, C3c and C3d inhibited the activity of purified IK. It is suggested that salivary IK represents the secretion of a B lymphocyte population which has evaded the mechanism responsible for inducing B cell tolerance to autologous serum proteins. The reason for its persistence in the salivary glands, however, is not known at present. PMID- 1239347 TI - Hypothesis. Auto-antibodies and immunological theories: an analytical review. PMID- 1239349 TI - [Peripheral facial palsy following varicella]. PMID- 1239348 TI - Human lymphocytes bearing both receptors for complement components and SRBC. PMID- 1239350 TI - [Experimental studies on neurotoxicity of ethambutol and chloramphenicol - pathological and macroautoradiographic studies]. PMID- 1239351 TI - [Motor neuron disease with sensory disturbance - autopsy study of a case with involvement of all ascending and descending pathways inclusive of anterior and posterior roots with exception of the posterior tract]. PMID- 1239352 TI - [Occlusion of the vertebro-basilar artery in a child]. PMID- 1239354 TI - [Topographical study on the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human substantia nigra]. PMID- 1239353 TI - [Coexistence of etat lacunaire and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy in the aged]. PMID- 1239355 TI - [Quantitative electron microscopic studies on biopsy specimens of the sural nerve. I. The relations between the number of the myelin lamellae and axon circumference of the myelinated fibers]. PMID- 1239356 TI - [Quantitative electron microscopic studies on biopsy specimens of the sural nerve. II. Unmyelinated fibers and Schwann cells]. PMID- 1239357 TI - PSROs in Connecticut--past, present, and future. PMID- 1239358 TI - [Stratospheric microorganisms]. PMID- 1239359 TI - [Increase in the mutagenic potential of viruses in the presence of cadmium salts]. PMID- 1239360 TI - [Increase in the activity of spleen cell-suppressors in mice during tumor growth]. PMID- 1239361 TI - [Expression of alleles of the Pgd locus in the early development of the rat]. PMID- 1239362 TI - [High-molecular polyphosphates in rat liver nuclei. Their behavior in the liver regeneration process]. PMID- 1239363 TI - [Production and splenic storage of platelets in autoimmune thrombocytopenia (author's transl)]. AB - Platelet kinectics (using 51Cr labelling) was measured in 66 tests on 59 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (the majority with chronic Werlhof's disease plus cases of acute Werlhof's disease, Evans' syndrome and visceral lupus), measuring platelet survival time, platelet production, and splenic storage rate of platelets. Dependent on the severity of the disease, the elimination curve showed an abnormal course during the initial phase which - in comparison with the normal - indicated approximately a difference of the spleen-dependent part of the disappearance rate from the antibody-dependent destruction. Accordingly, platelet storage in the spleen was slightly supernormal in the studied diseases. On average, platelet destruction was increased to more than twice normal. In 36% of cases platelet production remained within normal range. On average, the least increase in platelet production occurred in the acute form of Werlhof's disease. Maximal storage capacity, which can be six times normal and above, was reached in only a few cases. PMID- 1239364 TI - Use of corticosteroids in childhood disease. PMID- 1239365 TI - The results of five years of snail control at Ahero Pilot Scheme, Kenya. PMID- 1239366 TI - Regulation of pineal rhythms in chickens: effects of blinding, constant light, constant dark, and superior cervical ganglionectomy. AB - Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content exhibit marked daily changes in chickens; peak values occur during the period of low locomotor activity which coincides with dark in a 24-hour light-dark cycle. The photic and neural regulation of these daily changes were studied by measuring pineal serotonin N-acetyl-transferase activity, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity, and melatonin content in experiments in which chickens were subjected to light-dark cycles, constant light, and constant dark and were surgically blinded or superior cervical ganglionectomized. It was found that: 1) The daily changes in N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content appear to persist in constant dark, and they disappear in constant light. 2) The eyes are not necessary for photic control of the daily changes, and the effect of constant light on N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content may be non-visual, that is, the eyes not being necessary. 3) The occurrence of the daily change in N acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content does not require the superior cervical ganglia; the persistence of the changes in constant dark, however, may require the ganglia. 4) HIOMT activity was lower in constant light than in light dark cycles and lower still in constant dark than in constant light. Neither the presence of the eyes nor the superior cervical ganglia affected HIOMT activity, as previously reported. PMID- 1239367 TI - Loss of uterine luminal fluid in the rat: relative importance of changing peripheral levels of estrogen and progesterone. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the relative importance of the decline in circulating estrogen levels, as opposed to the increase in progesterone levels, in the hormonal control of the loss of luminal fluid from the uterus of the rat, an event which usually occurs early on the morning of estrus. Silastic capsules containing crystalline estradiol-17beta (E2) were implanted subcutaneously in ovariectomized immature rats. Approximately 64 h later, the capsules were either removed (E2 withdrawal) to mimic the fall in peripheral estrogen levels occurring at proestrus, or left in place (continuous E2), and, at the same time, progesterone or oil was administered. Fifteen hours later, irrespective of whether E2 was withdrawn or not, 2 mg progesterone reduced uterine luminal fluid accumulation to levels usually seen in intact animals on the morning of estrus; however, the loss of fluid occurred slightly sooner if E2 was withdrawn when progesterone was administered. By itself, E2 withdrawal resulted in only a small decrease in uterine luminal fluid by 15 h, even though serum E2 levels had fallen to less than 1.5 pg/ml by this time. This loss was brought about by escape of the fluid through the cervix rather than by its reabsorption from the lumen. The dose response relationships between progesterone and uterine luminal fluid accumulation indicated that when E2 was withdrawn, a smaller amount of progesterone brought about the loss of uterine luminal fluid accumulation than when E2 was continuous. These results suggest that increased progesterone secretion on the afternoon of proestrus is essential for the loss of uterine luminal fluid, and that the decline in estrogen secretion at this time may be of importance by allowing the progesterone to be more effective. PMID- 1239368 TI - Nyctohemeral and sex-related variations in plasma thyrotropin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. AB - TSH, T4, and T3 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples obtained from 77 young adult male and 114 female rats fed a Purina high-iodine diet and maintained in an isolated room, 2-4/cage, at 24 +/- 1 C with light from 0600-1800 h. In one experiment, 7 male and 7 female rats were decapitated every 3 h for 30 consecutive h and trunk blood was collected. There was a clear nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma TSH in both sexes characterized by a zenith at 1200 h and a nadir between 1800 and 2100 h. The plasma TSH cycle was approximately 180 degrees out of phase and negatively correlated (P less than .05) with that of plasma corticosterone (B) in both sexes. Although glucocorticoids have been reported to suppress TSH secretion, there was no causal relationship between plasma B and TSH in our experiments since the TSH cycles were normal in chronically adrenalectomized rats. Normal TSH cyclicity was not observed in severely iodine deficient rats with extremely high plasma TSH levels although the nyctohemeral B rhythm was normal. Plasma TSH was approximately twice as high in males as in females (overall mean +/- SE: M = 149 +/- 11, F = 81 +/- 7 muU/ml, p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in plasma TSH at different stages of the estrous cycle. Plasma T4 was slightly, but significantly, higher in males than females (overall mean +/- SE: M = 6.4 +/- 0.1, F = 6.0 +/- 0.1 mug/100 ml; P less than 0.001), while T3 was higher in females than in males (overall mean +/- SE: M = 69.5 +/- 1.7, F = 80.3 +/- 2.1 ng/100 ml; P less than 0.001). No significant nyctohemeral rhythm was observed in plasma T4 or T3 in either sex. These observations indicate that: 1) There is a nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma TSH which is independent of plasma B fluctuations and not associated with proportional changes in plasma thyroid hormones. 2) A sustained high rate of TSH secretion abolishes the normal nyctohemeral plasma TSH rhythm. 3) There are significant differences in plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, and T3 between male and female rats. PMID- 1239369 TI - The effects of estrogens on sodium and potassium metabolism in rats. AB - Male Wistar rats, housed in individual metabolism cages and fed standard rat chow, received, after a two-week acclimation period, daily intramuscular injections of 17beta-estradiol (0.17 mug/gram body weight) in peanut oil or 0.1 ml peanut oil alone for four days. Water and food intake were measured daily, as were urinary volume and electrolytes. 17beta-estradiol administration resulted in significant decreases in food and sodium and potassium intake and in urinary sodium and potassium excretion. In a second series of experiments, male rats treated with 17beta-estradiol or peanut oil as above had access to sodium-free food, water, and saline. In this group of animals, 17beta-estradiol administration resulted in a significant decrease in food intake but no significant changes in sodium intake or excretion. Potassium intake and excretion decreased as above. In a third experiment, sodium intake and output in female rats on standard rat chow correlated with the phase of the estrous cycle, being lowest during proestrus and estrous and highest during metestrus and diestrus. The data indicate that 17beta-estradiol reduces the renal excretion of sodium and potassium primarily as a consequence of a reduction in food intake and exerts no specific effect on either sodium or potassium metabolism. PMID- 1239370 TI - Taxonomic difficulties in red tide and paralytic shellfish poison studies: the "tamarensis complex" of Gonyaulax. AB - The type illustrations of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis contain an apparent reversal of the epithecal plates. Furthermore a culture from the type locality has been found not to be toxigenic. These two features have led a recent author to doubt the appropriateness of the allocation of toxic populations in the North Atlantic to this species or a variety of it (var. excavata Braarud). The latter has been raised to the status of a distinct species but the wrong name has been applied to it (G. excavata) as, according to the rules of priority, it should be G. phoneus (Woloszynska & Conrad) nov. comb. A history of this confused situation is provided. The criteria by which other similar species are recognised are summarised. The necessity for further study on the specific distinction of these taxa is stressed. G. conjuncta has been so inadequately described or rejected. Variability in the plate pattern of a culture of G. tamarensis var. excavata from British Columbia is illustrated and its bearing on the taxonomy of the group discussed. The presence of this toxic variety on the west coast of N. America is a new record for the Pacific Ocean. PMID- 1239371 TI - Land drainage as a factor in "red tide" development. AB - Although the exact mechanisms and factors of red tides are not fully understood, red tides are essentially a coastal phenomenon. The role of land drainage in the modification of coastal waters is discussed. The role of other factors (salinity, biologically active substances, etc.) that are altered by the process of land drainage is analyzed and correlated to experimental evidence derived from laboratory-grown dinoflagellate cultures. PMID- 1239372 TI - Implications of dinoflagellate life cycles on initiation of Gymnodinium breve red tides. AB - Florida Gymnodinium breve red tides are initiated in off-shore (approx. 18 to 74 km) coastal waters primarily in late summer-fall months. Past culture studies by W. B. Wilson suggested that this species could have a sexual cycle, inferring the possibility of an alternation of cytological and/or morphological generations. This possibility is further supported by numerous recent advances in dinoflagellate life cycle work which are reviewed in detail. If G. breve has a benthic resting stage (hypnozygote), as is suggested, then seed populations or seed "beds" can possibly be pinpointed and mapped. PMID- 1239373 TI - The 1971 red tide and its impact on certain reef communities in the mid-eastern Gulf of Mexico. AB - Effects of the 1971 spring-summer red tide upon mid-eastern Gulf of Mexico patch reef communities are discussed. In situ (SCUBA) observations at widely scattered reef localities between 13-30 m off Sarasota, Florida, both before and after the red tide support the following: 1) under the appropriate environmental conditions, red tides may result in near-complete extirpations of shallow-water (less than 40 m) reef biotas from extensive areas on the inner central-West Florida Shelf), 2) recolonization by certain biotic groups is relatively rapid (e.g., benthic algae and fishes) while that of others (e.g., alcyonarian corals, scleractinian corals, and echinoderms) is slow and may require several years, and 3) seasonal progression as well as true ecological succession following certain red tides may temporarily result in floral and faunal assemblages qualitatively and quantitatively distinctive from those prior to the red tide. It is therefore suggested that certain red tides, particularly those generated beneath pronounced thermoclines, may be previously underestimated phenomena regulating the composition, abundance, and distribution of shallow-water reef biotas in the mid eastern Gulf of Mexico. It is surmised that the periodic occurrence of these red tides may prevent the evolution of a climax or equilibrium reef community. PMID- 1239374 TI - Some of the growth characteristics of Gonyaulax tamarensis isolated from the gulf of maine. PMID- 1239375 TI - Effect of anaerobic conditions in bottom waters on the occurrence of red tides at omura bay. AB - The field observation that the occurrence of red tides at Omura Bay may have a close connection with the development of anoxic conditions in bottom waters was tested by bioassays of seawater collected during summer 1971. The stimulating effect of anaerobically-decomposed products of bottom mud on the growth of Gymnodinium type-'65 was examined. The results suggest that the development of oxygen deficiency in the bottom waters of Omura Bay makes the environment favourable for the growth of red tide organisms, both by the supply of inorganic nutrients and of some unidentified stimulants. PMID- 1239376 TI - Further remarks on red tide models. AB - Vertical migration as an accumulation mechanism in the formation of red tide models is discussed with reference to extant mathematical models. Its relationship to other biological and physical factors such as population density changes, tidal rhythms, nutrient limitation and light intensity is evaluated in terms of its possible causal role in red tides. PMID- 1239377 TI - Introduction: Factors in the outbreak and control of red tides. PMID- 1239378 TI - Catalysis of the photochemical dismutation of N-methylacridinium cation to N methylacridone and N-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine by hydrophobic sites of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and human serum albumin. AB - The N-methylacridinium cation is bound to hydrophobic sites of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and human serum albumin with an observed stoichiometry of one molecule N-methyl-acridinium chloride per subunit of alcohol dehydrogenase and 2.5 molecules of the dye per molecule human serum albumin; the dissociation constants are 3.6 X 10(-5) M and 1.7 X 10(-5) M, respectively. In light, the proteins catalyze the dismutation of N-methylacridinium chloride to N methylacridone and N-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine. The presence or absence of oxygen has no effect upon the observed reaction rate. If horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is used as catalyst, the reaction is inhibited by adenosine diphosphoribose and by 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride. It is concluded that the N-methylacridinium cation is bound within the catalytic site of the enzyme interacting with the binding sites of the nicotinium ring and/or the binding site of the lipophilic part of the substrate. The anaerobic photodismutation of N-methylacridinium chloride to N-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine and N-methylacridone can be explained by several alternative patways (see Appendix by S. Hunig), the overall reaction being 2[N-Methylacridinium]+ + H2Ohw leads to N-Methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine + N-methylacridone + 2H+. The prerequisite, a high rate of proton transfer from the reaction site, seems to be common property of the hydrophobic binding regions for the N-methylacridinium cation in both horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and human serum albumin. PMID- 1239379 TI - Cellular RNA and influenza-virion RNA are synthesized from different pyrimidine nucleoside-triphosphate pools in chick-embryo cells. AB - Chick embryo cells infected with an influenza A (fowl plague) virus have been labelled with (3H)-uridine for different lengths of time. Virion RNA and cellular RNA have been separated by specific hybridization with a surplus of unlabelled viral complementary RNA and RNase digestion. The ratio of the specific radioacticity in the UMP and CMP moieties of both types of RNA has been determined. Since the rate of approach to equilibrium of CMP to UMP labelling of both types of RNA is completely different it is concluded that cellular and virion RNA are synthesized using different pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate pools. PMID- 1239380 TI - Intermolecular renaturation of hairpin loops leads to stable and specific aggregates of 28-S rRNA and precursor rRNAs from Xenopus laevis. AB - Under certain extraction conditions, 28-S rRNA of Xenopus laevis can form specific dimers by intermolecular renaturation of a particular hairpin loop near the B end of the molecules. This was demonstrated by electron microscopy of isolated aggregates under conditions where rRNA shows a reproducible pattern of secondary structure. In 50% formamide, 15 mM sodium chloride, 1.5 mM trisodium citrate, pH 7.0, the aggregates dissociate into their monomers at a temperature (61 degrees C) at which the most stable hairpin loops of the 28-S rRNA are melting. Precursor rRNAs containing the 28-S rRNA region also form aggregates with 28-S rRNA by the same linkage mechanism. Since such artificial aggregates yield molecular weights higher than expected for true precursors of Xenopus rRNA, they may interfere in precursor rRNA studies. Analysis of whole-cell RNA pulse labeled with (Me-3H)methionine, or nucleolar RNA pulse-labeled with (3H)uridine in the presence of tubercidin (inhibitor of rRNA processing), as well as electron microscopy of high-molecular-weight RNA fractions confirm that the 40-S precursor rRNA (2.8 X 10(6)) is the primary transcript of the ribosomal genes in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 1239381 TI - Responses of midbrain neurons to genital and somatosensory stimulation in estrous and anestrous cats. PMID- 1239382 TI - The effect of hunger on free fatty acid and corticosterone plasma levels in rats. AB - The time function of free fatty acids and of corticosterone in plasma in fed and fasted rats was investigated. Also a study of the influence of hypoxia on the concentration of plasma free fatty acids was carried out. Whereas fasting does not seem to stimulate lipolysis markedly before 12 h, 2 h of hypoxia elevate the free fatty acid level to its maximum. In the fasted condition, all values are significantly higher than corticosterone in the fed animal. PMID- 1239383 TI - Comparative study of the electrical and mechanical behaviour of an intact, semi intact and isolated gastropode (Helix pomatia) smooth muscle preparation. PMID- 1239384 TI - Circadian rhythm of bile secretion in the rat. AB - In rats the bile flow and the estimated bile acid independant flow (BAIF) were significantly lower at 17.00 h than at 08.00 and 24.00 h. The decrease in BAIF paralleled the decrease in liver weight. Bile acid excretion was not different. PMID- 1239385 TI - The effects of chronic alcohol ingestion in mice on contractile properties of cardiac and skeletal muscle: a comparison with normal and dehydrated-malnourished controls. AB - In vitro isometric contractile tension was measured in heart and skeletal muscle in 3 groups of mice: 1. a control group, 2. a group maintained for 27 weeks on 20% alcohol, and 3. a group whose fluid intake was restricted to the extent equaling that which occurred in the alcohol treated animals. Results showed a reduction in cardiac twitch tension in both the alcohol and fluid restricted group, as compared to normal controls. We therefore consider that dehydration per se may play an important role in the etiology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 1239386 TI - Fibrin stabilizing factor (F XIII) and collagen polymerization. PMID- 1239387 TI - Further evidence for the genetic control of immune responsiveness to (T,G)-A--L by the B system in chickens. AB - The association of the higher immune response to (T,G)-A--L with B1 allele was confirmed in F2 generation birds of the cross between the high responding CB and low responding IC chicken inbred lines. No influence of the C and I blood group systems on the anti-(T,G)-A--L antibody production was observed. PMID- 1239388 TI - DNA synthesis in unfertilized sea urchin eggs can be turned on and turned off by the addition and removal of procaine hydrochloride. PMID- 1239389 TI - A biological nuclear marker in cell culture: recognition of nuclei in single cells and in heterokaryons. PMID- 1239390 TI - The amoebal cell of Physarum polycephalum: colony formation and growth. PMID- 1239391 TI - Morphogenesis in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. 1. The accumulation and erasure of "morphogenetic information". PMID- 1239392 TI - Inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis in Xenopus laevis embryos. IV. The release of inhibitor from cultured cells. PMID- 1239393 TI - Hormonal control of reinitiation of meiosis in starfish. The requirement of 1 methyladenine during nuclear maturation. PMID- 1239394 TI - Inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis in Xenopus laevis embryos. V. Inability of inhibitor to repress 5S RNA synthesis. PMID- 1239395 TI - GABA accumulation by embryonic chick tectum. PMID- 1239396 TI - Radioimmunological determination of human C-peptide in serum. AB - A routing radioimmunoassay for human C-peptide in serum is described. Antibodies against human C-peptide were raised by immunizing guinea pigs with human b component. Nine out of 12 animals produced useful antibodies within 6 months. Insulin antibodies coupled to Sepharose were used to bind human proinsulin and insulin in the serum and after centrifugation C-peptide was determined in the supernatant. The detection limit of the assay (calculated as 2 SD from zero) was about 0.003 pmole of C-peptide (in 100 mul). The main sources of error were: (1) Normal and diabetic sera devoid of C-peptide gave a displacement of 125I-Tyr-C peptide varying from 0 to 0.16 nM (6 different antisera). Only one antiserum (M 1181) showed no displacement, and the values of C-peptide determined with this antiserum in normal and diabetic sera were lower than the values determined with another antiserum, which gave a value of 0.07 nM in the sera free of C-peptide. It is suggested that displacement found with most antisera is due to substances in serum that are not related to C-peptide or proinsulin. (2) Serial dilutions of pancreatic extracts and sera may yield dilution curves slightly different to those of the synthetic standard. Possible explanations are discussed. These sources of error can be eliminated or reduced by the proper selection of antisera. Fasting sera from 15 normals, 8 maturity-onset diabetics and 10 insulin requiring diabetics showed the following concentrations of C-peptide: (M 1181) 0.35 +/- 0.09, 0.74 +/- 0.51 and 0.21 +/- 0.14 (nM, mean +/- SD). One hour after 1.75 g/kg oral glucose the values increased to 2.24 +/- 0.71, 2.34 +/- 0.24 nM. PMID- 1239398 TI - [Salmonella serotypes isolated at the Ospedale Maggiore at Novara during the years 1966-1973 in sporadic cases of enteropathy]. AB - In 12.858 sporadic cases of enteric diseases examined from 1966 to 1973 at the Hospital Laboratory of Novara 380 strains of Salmonella were isolated. 19 different serotypes were identified. A large number of serotypes (SS. panama, agona, muenster, hato, manhattan, israel, anatum, stanleyville, coeln, sandiego, indiana, paratyphi A, urbana, vejle, thompson, goettingen) were encountered for the first time in this region. PMID- 1239397 TI - Lysosomes in the cultivated mushroom (Psalliota bispora quel.). AB - Fungine lysosomes are difficult to identify because some vesicular structures are present in hyphae, such as provacuoles, lomasome precursor, peroxisomes and spherosomes. Moreover, many Hymenomycetes, as the common cultivated mushroom (Psalliota bispora Quel.), lack tipical Golgi apparatuses, making ontogenesis of lysosomes a matter of difficult interpretation. As shown before (Scannerini, 1969) the hyphae of this fungus contain vesicles that reveal acid glycerophosphatase activity, thus we studied these organelles with morphological, cytochemical and biochemical criteria. PMID- 1239399 TI - [Management of the pregnant woman exposed to measles]. PMID- 1239400 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of boverin and some perspectives on the use of microbiologic means of plant protection]. PMID- 1239401 TI - [Physiologo-hygienic characteristics of work in canned fish production in the Caspian basin]. PMID- 1239403 TI - [The current status of urogenital cancer]. PMID- 1239402 TI - The influence of protein restriction imposed at various stages of pregnancy on fetal and placental development. AB - The effect of protein restriction on fetal and placental growth was investigated. Pregnant rats were maintained on an isocaloric diet containing either 23% or 5% protein. The diet was imposed either from days 1-21 of gestation or from days 7 21 of gestation. Fetal body development was assessed. Fetal brain and placental growth were determined by both analysis of organ DNA, RNA and protein and differential radiochemical labelling procedures. Maternal protein restriction inhibited fetal growth. Brain weight was reduced due to a significant decrease in cellular content. Brain cell size was significantly increased and may have accounted for the reduction in cell concentration. Placental growth was similarly impaired. These data demonstrate impaired fetal and placental growth following decreased maternal dietary protein intake. Severity of growth retardation increased with the duration of malnutrition. The results also suggest that malnutrition may affect the rate of development, causing premature cessation of cell division and early cell differentiation. PMID- 1239404 TI - Observations on the oral administration and toxicity of vinyl chloride in rats. PMID- 1239405 TI - [Distinction of melanoma of soft parts from clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses. A histopathological and electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239406 TI - [Psychosomatic studies on changes of serum human growth hormone (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239407 TI - [Follow-up study on HB Ag positive families in Iriomote Island, Okinawa (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239408 TI - [Relationship between retching induced by protoveratrine. A and biogenic amines in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239409 TI - Survival in Vibrio cholerae in the live shellfish. PMID- 1239410 TI - [Changes in the hemogram of asthmatics after high mountain climate therapy]. PMID- 1239412 TI - [Biophysical notes on the kinesitherapy of coronary patients]. PMID- 1239411 TI - [Importance of iodine mineral waters of Darkov in the treatment of chronic progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 1239413 TI - [Clinical thermometry and functional diagnosis]. PMID- 1239414 TI - [Landscape, air purity and acoustic climate as bioclimatic factors of a health resort]. PMID- 1239415 TI - [Experiences with the use and operation of the swimming pool at Karlovy Vary spa. V. I. Kinesitherapy in the swimming pool in gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 1239416 TI - Benzoylation and desensitization of glycogen phosphorylase b: use of s-benzoic-O, O-dimethyl phosphorodithioic anhydride as a benzoylating agent. PMID- 1239417 TI - Rat immunoglobulins in serum and secretions: purification of rat IgM, IgA and IgG and their quantitation in serum, colostrum, milk and saliva. PMID- 1239418 TI - Propagation of goat-pox virus in monolayer cultures of embryonic caprine lung. PMID- 1239419 TI - Noradrenaline release by nicotinic acid. AB - In doses (from 100 mug to 1 mg) nicotinic acid produced positive inotropic and chronotropic action on isolated frog heart. This effect was blocked by pronethalol and guanethidine administration. This effect was not observed in reserpinised frogs. Repeated administration of the same dose of nicotinic acid caused development of tachyphylaxis, in frog's heart preparation. The observations indicate that nicotinic acid induced a release of noradrenaline in frog's heart. On other preparations, such as isolated rabbit heart, rabbit's intestine and guinea pig seminal vesicles, nicotinic acid produced a nonspecific direct depressant action. PMID- 1239420 TI - Propagation of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) in conventional and germfree piglets. AB - Infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) recovered from stools of infants with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis was administered per os to germfree and conventional piglets. Virus was found subsequently in stools and in the mucosal epithelial cells of the small intestine of these animals. Some animals developed diarrhea. Added proof of orbivirus replication was obtained through the use of tritiated uridine injections and the recovery of labeled virus in gut contents at the time of autopsy. Serological conversion was demonstrated in infected germfree piglets. PMID- 1239421 TI - Subretinal fibrous membrane following argon laser photocoagulation of presumed histoplasmic maculopathy. AB - Following an initial improvement after argon laser slit-lamp photocoagulation of histoplasmic choroiditis, progressive visual loss occurred. Histopathological examination showed a dense fibrous membrane between Bruch's membrane and the sensory retina. There was no recurrence of hemorrhage or subretinal fluid. This case report provides an explanation for visual loss in the absence of recurrent inflammation or vascular leakage. PMID- 1239422 TI - Early photocoagulation treatment of active histoplasmic maculopathy. AB - Photocoagulation has proved to be an effective means of treating active presumed histoplasmic maculopathy. Xenon arc and argon laser light sources have proved equally effective when moderately intense, confluent burns are produced, and both are ineffective when mild lesions are produced. The membrane must be destroyed for the treatment to be effective; and, of course, the fovea must be preserved. In treating neovascular nets that are very close to the fovea, the argon laser offers the advantage of being capable of producing a sharper zone of delineation than the xenon arc (Fig. 6). When moderate amounts of subretinal fluid or hemoglobin overlie the neovascular membrane, it is very difficult to achieve the required degree of coagulation. Under these circumstances, it is best first to try to reduce the height of the sensory retinal detachment by means of systemic steroid treatment. If this is not successful, xenon photocoagulation has produced better coagulation effects than the argon laser. Analysis of our data indicates that resultant visual acuity can be correlated with pretreatment visual acuity (Fig. 5), with best results achieved before visual acuity deteriorates beyond the 20/40 level. The closer the edge of the neovascular membrane is to the fovea, the more risky it is to treat. However, these lesions are also those most apt to destroy central vision if left alone. It is encouraging to note that in only 3 of the 16 lesions in which the foveal edge was within 1 degree of the fovea did the visual acuity deteriorate to the 20/200 level, compared to 50 percent deterioration reported in the natural history of this disease [3]. PMID- 1239423 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of presumed histoplasmic choroiditis. AB - Our experience with the evolving techniques we have reported has not resulted in significant increases in visual acuity over pretreatment levels. However, argon laser photocoagulation, properly given, does destroy subretinal neovascularization. The most significant points of technique are (1) heavy treatment of the entire frond; (2) accomplishment of this usually by a 200-mu spot size, 0.2 to 0.5 second, at 300 to 400 mW. power; (3) the eye under retrobulbar anesthesia, and (4) following the case at intervals of three to five days until the neovascular frond is destroyed. If the edge of the neovascular frond is within 200 mu of the fovea, treatment presents a very definite hazard to foveal vision and should be attempted only in the most experienced hands and on only the best-informed patients. PMID- 1239424 TI - Recurrent choroidal neovascularization following argon laser photocoagulation of histoplasmic maculopathy. PMID- 1239425 TI - Photocoagulation of presumed histoplasmic choroiditis. AB - Regadless of the etiology of the disciform lesion in the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, and regardless of our ignorance as to whether the pathogenetic mechanism relates in part to hypersensitization, or can be explained solely on a mechanistic interpretation (that is, chronic vascular decompensation [9]), the question of therapy can be evaluated independently. However, our knowledge regarding the natural history of these lesions is similarly incomplete and thus, without a controlled study, e cannot compare any of the therapeutic modalities with the natural history. Therefore, we cannot make any definitive statements regarding the value of therapy, let alone compare the different modalities. For these reasons, conclusions as to the results of photocoagulation of the macular lesions in the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome must remain incomplete... PMID- 1239426 TI - Further experience with partial photocoagulation of the neovascular net in histoplasmic choroiditis. PMID- 1239427 TI - Comparison of xenon arc and argon laser photocoagulation in ocular histoplasmosis. AB - Argon laser and xenon arc photocoagulation can be utilized to obliterate choroidal neovascularization in selected cases of macular histoplasmosis. Central vision can be preserved in many instances if criteria for patient selection, treatment techniques, and method of follow-up, as described in this chapter, are adhered to rigidly. Of 40 patients treated with argon laser photocoagulation, 75 percent maintained or improved central vision an average of one year following treatment. Nonetheless, there is a definite need for a prospective controlled study to document the efficacy of this mode of treatment on a long-term basis. PMID- 1239428 TI - Prognostic criteria in macular histoplasmic choroiditis. AB - 1. Fifty percent of 22 patients "desensitized" to histoplasmin developed subsequent activity, as compared to 44% of 23 patients without "desensitization." 2. Prednisone-induced remission of subclinical activity in patients monitoring their own central fields appears to be the most rewarding therapy for these desperate patients. PMID- 1239429 TI - Carcinoma of the cheek and gingivae. PMID- 1239430 TI - Expansion of bladder capacity by the use of intact sigmoid. An experimental study and two case reports. AB - To enlarge bladder capacity after extensive segmental bladder resection, the authors sutered bladder margins to the serosal aspect of intact sigmoid (Heeg's method). Experimental data and two clinical cases have proved this technique to be of practical value. PMID- 1239431 TI - Contribution to the evaluation of operability limits of tumours. AB - The case of a patient with cancer of the sigmoid is presented. Thanks to surgical procedures, radiological treatment and chemotherapy, his life was prolonged by 8 years. It is worth noting that the original tumour gave later distant metastases to the ureter, right kidney, bladder, intestines and lymph nodes. PMID- 1239432 TI - Morphology and function of the bladder and urethra in female urinary incontinence. AB - The conventional investigations, gynaecological examination and cystoscopy give very little information about the causes of incontinence. History taking makes it possible to divide the symptoms into either stress- or urge incontinence. Cystometry, lateral voiding cysto-urethrography and urodynamic examination including sphincter EMG enable us to divide the pathological conditions into suspension defects and bladder dysfunctions. The suspension defects are bladder base insufficiency, vesical descensus and trigonocele. The operation of choice for these conditions depends on whether the suspension defect is anterior or posterior. The bladder dysfunctions are supranuclear and infranuclear neurogenic dysfunctions. The treatment in these cases will ordinarily be medical. PMID- 1239433 TI - Prostatic infarction. AB - Prostatic infarction is a relatively frequent complication of adenoma of the bladder neck. Nevertheless its importance is minimal as compared with infarctions of vital organs like the brain, heart, lungs or kidneys. General and local factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. Besides other factors, it may contribute to the development of acute retention. Attention is called to the difficulties of differential diagnosis at both gross and microscopic examinations. A misdiagnosis is most frequently made in neoplastic diseases of the prostate. PMID- 1239434 TI - Proceedings: In vitro transcription from chromatin of slime molds. PMID- 1239435 TI - Proceedings: Glycogen metabolism in fetal rat liver. PMID- 1239436 TI - [The treatment of anorgasmia in males]. AB - Primary anorgasmia is defined as the inability, in spite of nocturnal pollution and complete erection, ever to achieve orgasm either by masturbation or by sexual intercourse. 30 patients with primary anorgasmia were treated with an electro vibrator, 26 of them with a positive result. The preceding unsuccessful therapeutical attempts with medicaments and psychotherapy allow the conclusion that with primary male anorgasmia time should not be wasted unnecessarily. Instead, a mechanical ipsation-aid should be employed, regardless of the etiology. Simultaneous intensive psychological guidance including instruction about normal sexual behavior is necessary. Some cases of secundary anorgasmia also react favourably to this treatment. PMID- 1239437 TI - Plutonium--health implications for man. Plutonium in aqueous systems. PMID- 1239439 TI - Changes in the microbiology of vacuum-packaged beef. PMID- 1239438 TI - Observed associations between corpora lutea and follicular development in swine ovaries during the estrous cycle. PMID- 1239440 TI - Some metabolic and biochemical characteristics of representative microbial isolates from vacuum-packaged beef. PMID- 1239441 TI - A proteus inconstans which produces 'cabbage odour' in the spoilage of vacuum packed sliced bacon. PMID- 1239442 TI - Effects of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide on influenza virus replication and polypeptide synthesis. PMID- 1239443 TI - Steroids and Walden inversion. Part LXX. Re-examination of the substitution reactions of 5alpha-cholestan-6alpha-ol. PMID- 1239444 TI - Steroids. Part XXXVIII. 5-Chloro-5alpha-cholestane. PMID- 1239445 TI - Purine studies. Part XV. Addition of hydrogen sulphite ion to purines. PMID- 1239446 TI - Improved syntheses of aldosterone. PMID- 1239447 TI - Synthesis of 11-deoxy-hydroxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone 21 acetates. PMID- 1239448 TI - Synthetic studies of withanolides. Part I. Synthesis of 5,6beta-epoxy-4beta hydroxy-5beta-cholest-2-en-1-one and related compounds. PMID- 1239449 TI - Studies on steroids. Part XXIX. Synthesis of allenic analogues fucosterol and desmosterol. PMID- 1239450 TI - Microbiological hydroxylation. Part XXI. Hydroxylations of 3-halogeno-17-oxo-, 3 halogeno-7-oxo-, and 17-halogeno-3-oxo-androstanes by the fungi Calonectria decora, Rhizopus nigricans, and Aspergillus ochraceus. PMID- 1239451 TI - The circular dichroism of N-thiobenzoyl-L-alpha-amino-acids. Part VI. Assessment of the resolution of amino-acids as their N-thiobenzoyl derivatives. PMID- 1239452 TI - Confirmation of the site of nitrosation in tryptophan derivatives by alpha chymotrypsin. PMID- 1239453 TI - Synthesis of 1alpha-hydroxycorticosterone. PMID- 1239454 TI - Reaction of diazocyclopropane with steroidal 16-bromo-17-ketones. PMID- 1239455 TI - Absolute sterochemistry of the dihydroanthracene-cis- and -trans-1,2-diols produced from anthracene by mammals and bacteria. PMID- 1239456 TI - A new synthesis of alpha-amino-acids by reaction of Grignard reagents with ethyl N-trichloroethylidenecarbamate. PMID- 1239457 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. Part II. Synthesis, and incorporation into penicillin G, of (2'RS, 3'R)-(3,3'-3H2)-cystine and (2RS, 2'RS, 3S, 3'S)-(3,3'-3H2) cystine. PMID- 1239458 TI - Preparation of some fluoropalmitic acids and fluorination of brefeldin A. PMID- 1239459 TI - Studies related to penicillins and cephalosporins. Part IV. Synthesis of methyl 7 phthalimido-6,7-trans-DL-cepham-4-carboxylate. PMID- 1239460 TI - Survival patterns in cyctic fibrosis. PMID- 1239461 TI - Demonstration of a diurnal variation in serum parathyroid hormone in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - It had been reported previously that there is a diurnal variation in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in normal subjects but not in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Studies were performed to determine whether there is a diurnal variation in serum PTH in primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism and whether the nocturnal increase in serum PTH, if present, could be prevented by induced hypercalcemia. Serum PTH and calcium were measured in five normal subjects, two patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, and fourteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, twelve of whom were subsequently found to have parathyroid adenomas. In the normals, there was a mean decline in serum PTH of 0.07 ng/ml before noon and a mean increase of 0.04 ng/ml after 8 PM. In primary hyperparathyroidism there was a mean decline in serum PTH before noon of 0.11 ng/ml and a mean increase of 0.11 ng/ml after 8 PM. In both groups, the lowest mean serum calcium values were noted between midnight and 6:00 AM. Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism showed a nocturnal increase in serum PTH. In each of two normal subjects, two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and two patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, calcium, 4 mg/kg body weight per hour for 4 hours (8:00 PM to 12 midnight), produced hypercalcemia and prevented the nocturnal increase in serum PTH. We have concluded that a diurnal variation in serum PTH often occurs in both normal subjects and in patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism and that nocturnal increases in serum PTH can be prevented by induced hypercalcemia. PMID- 1239462 TI - Non-chromatographic radiotransinassay for cortisol: application to human adult serum, umbilical cord serum, and amniotic fluid. AB - Rapid (1-2 hour) non-chromatographic radiotransinassay using horse transcortin can be used to measure cortisol in umbilical cord serum (after hexane-carbon tetrachloride prewash and methylene chloride extraction), in amniotic fluid (after methylene chloride extraction only), and in adult serum (after dilution and boiling without extraction). Since horse transcortin has high affinity (2.4 x 10(9) l/mol) for cortisol, only a few microlitres of sample is required. The assay appears to be highly specific for cortisol clinically except in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 1239463 TI - Stability of aflatoxin M in milk. AB - This three-part study was designed to determine aflatoxin M recovery from pasteurized and/or stored cow's milk. (a) Aflatoxin M was added to samples of raw Holstein milk at a concentration of 2.0 mug/liter. Half of each sample then was pasteurized at 63 C for 30 min, and both raw and pasteurized portions were stored at 4 C up to 17 days. (b) Samples of raw milk, pasteurized (77 C, 16 s) skim milk, dry cottage cheese curd, and cottage cheese whey were taken from a commercial operation in an area in which natural contamination had been encountered. (c) Milk from a cow dosed with aflatoxin B1 was stored frozen (-18 C) in bulk and in assay-size sample containers for 120 days. Aflatoxin M was recovered completely after either storage or pasteurization in (a) and (b). In (c), a recovery deficiency was detectable after 68 days of storage, which increased to 45% of the original value by 120 days. These observations differ from those of others in that loss of aflatoxin M was significant after pasteurization or storage of raw milk, totaling 87% loss after 120 days of frozen storage. Aflatoxin M partitioning between curd and whey in the preparation of cottage cheese agrees with more recent studies, but differs from previous reports. Three possible explanations for the differences are offered. PMID- 1239464 TI - Influence of environmental heat on peripheral plasma progesterone and cortisol during the bovine estrous cycle. AB - Plasm progesterone and cortisol were measured in jugular blood by competitive protein-binding assay. Six cycling, estrus-synchronized Guernsey heifers were followed for four consecutive estrous cycles under two controlled temperature (18.2 C, 55% relative humidity; and 33.5 C, 55% relative humidity) conditions. Prolonged exposure to heat of Guernsey heifers increased plasma progesterone on days 2 to 19 of the first cycle and only on days 2 to 8 of the second cycle. However, heat stress depressed plasma cortisol in both cycles and reduced the correlation coefficient between these steroids relative to specific stages of the estrous cycle. PMID- 1239466 TI - Effects of temperature on hatching and development of Nematospiroides dubius in aerated water. AB - Fresh eggs obtained from female Nematospiroides dubius were cultured at temperatures ranging from 5 degrees C to 33 degrees C. Hatching occurred between 5 degrees C and 30 degrees C; third stage larvae were obtained between five degrees C and 25 degrees C. The minimum time required from hatching to development to the third stage was 3-6 days (at 20 degrees C) and the maximum was seven days (at 5 degrees C). Larvae cultured at higher temperatures were smaller than those cultured at lower ones. PMID- 1239465 TI - [Prognosis of cancer of the corpus uteri]. AB - A statistical study of 240 cases of cancer of the body of the uterus treated throughout at the Institute Gustave-Roussy has led us to the following conclusions. The number of patients who survive drops rapidly after the first year of follow-up and this phenomenon is particularly marked in women who are more than 60 years of age. Mortality linked to other causes of death does not account for the total falling off in the number of those who survice among the older patients. A study of the clinical spread of the disease shows that most cancers stay confined to the body of the uterus and this really lessens the value of a classification based on spread of the disease for prognostic purposes. A systematic study of hysterograms taken before any treatment is started does on the other hand give us two prognostic pointers. The first is the size of the endometrial cavity and the second the maximum diameter of the tumour. These two radiological characteristics allow us to make an interesting division of cancers that are limited to the body of the uterus. The overall survival rate after 5 years is 61 per cent. When we take into account the dimensions of a tumour we can place patients into two groups; those with tumours that are less than 45 mm in diameter have a 71 per cent survival rate and those with tumours of greater than 45 mm diameter have a survival rate of 45 per cent. PMID- 1239467 TI - Immunogenic potency of the Danish and Prague BCG vaccine. PMID- 1239468 TI - The relationship between delayed type hypersensitivity and acquired cellular resistance in experimental airborne tuberculosis. PMID- 1239469 TI - The importance of antituberculous vaccination in later phases of a successful antituberculous programme. PMID- 1239470 TI - Future trends in BCG vaccination. PMID- 1239471 TI - Problems of potency evaluation of tuberculin preparations in BCG-vaccinated children. PMID- 1239472 TI - Studies on the biological activity of the freeze-dried Bulgarian BCG vaccine in guinea pigs and humans. PMID- 1239473 TI - [Autoimmune diseases involving multiple organ systems with special reference to SLE (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239474 TI - [A study on composition of normal pharyngeal flora (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239475 TI - [A reduced aldosterone response to infused angiotensin II in low renin essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239477 TI - [A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239476 TI - [A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239478 TI - Mycetismus. PMID- 1239479 TI - Proceedings: Secretion of testosterone by components of the rat testis in vitro, and the effects of gonadotrophin stimulation. PMID- 1239480 TI - Preovulatory changes in the ovaries during the first spontaneous pro-oestrus in the rat. AB - Events in the ovaries during the first spontaneous pro-oestrus were compared with those in the adult rat. The occurrence of first spontaneous pro-oestrus was determined from vaginal smears after surgical opening of the vagina. Pubertal rats showed a remarkable increase in ovarian weight from 10.00 to 15.00 h on the day of pro-oestrus, which was absent in the adults. They also showed an earlier and more pronounced interstitial oedema. Dispersion of cumulus cells, resumption of meiosis and ovulation also occurred slightly earlier in pubertal rats. A distinct difference was found in the growth rate of follicles of ovulatory size, i.e. follicles of larger than or equal to 500 X 10(5) mum3. At the first pro oestrus these follicles showed a slower and less pronounced increase in size from 10.00 to 17.00 h compared with the adult follicles at this time, although this disparity was made up by a marked increase in growth from 17.00 to 24.00 h. The development of a new crop of follicles progressed similarly in the pubertal and adult animals. Follicular atresia seemed to progress more rapidly from 10.00 to 15.00 h in the pubertal animals compared with adults but from 15.00 h onwards no further differences were observed. The possible causal factors underlying the observed differences between the pubertal and adult animal are discussed. PMID- 1239481 TI - Gonadotrophin and steroid levels around the time of first ovulation in the rat. AB - Luteinizing hormone, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in the blood of female rats from 7 days before the first ovulation (the day of first ovulation is designated day 0) until the day after the second ovulation. Serum LH concentrations varied between 29 and 59 ng NIAMDD-rat-LH RP-1/ml from days -7 to -2. On the day preceding first ovulation (day -1) a steep increase in serum LH was found between 13.00 h and 15.00 h reaching a maximal value of 2100 ng/ml at 17.00 h. Thereafter LH levels decreased to undetectable values (less than 15 ng/ml). Serum FSH concentrations from days 7 to -2 varied between 108-154 ng NIAMDD-rat-FSH RP-1/ml; increased concentrations were found on the afternoon of day -1 and on the morning thereafter (first oestrus) with a maximal value of 1150 ng/ml at 19.00 h on day 1. On the day preceding the second ovulation (day +4) LH and FSH peaks were again found. Prolactin concentrations on the days preceding first ovulation were generally low. A small rise was found nearing first ovulation (12-7 ng/ml, day 6; 23-9 ng/ml, day -2). On day -1 a peak (118 ng/ml) was found at 15.00 h, similar to that found on day +4 in adult pro-oestrous rats. Plasma progesterone concentrations also reached a peak value (50 ng/ml) on day -1, at 17.00 h, preceded by concentrations between 3-5 ng/ml from days -6 to -2. Progesterone concentrations after the first ovulation showed a pattern characteristic of the adult cycle. Plasma oestradiol levels were un-etectable (less than 10 pg/ml) from days -6 to -2; a clearly increased oestradiol concentration was found on day -1, reaching a value of 98 pg/ml. One and two days before the second ovulation, oestradiol levels rose again. The differences and similarities between pubertal and adult pro-oestrous hormone peaks are discussed. PMID- 1239482 TI - Changes in milk composition during lactation in the guinea-pig, and the effect of prolactin. PMID- 1239483 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on milk secretion in the rabbit. PMID- 1239484 TI - Proceedings: Influences of oestradiol benzoate and 19-hydroxytestosterone on inter-male fighting in castrated 'aggressive' mice. PMID- 1239485 TI - Proceedings: Influences of a low dose of three naturally occurring androgens on intermale fighting in castrated 'aggressive' mice. PMID- 1239486 TI - Effects of oestradiol-17beta, oestradiol benzoate and the synthetic oestrogen RU 2858 on sexual differentiation in the neonatal female rat. AB - Groups of neonatal female rats were treated for the first 5 days of life with oestradiol-17beta, oestradiol benzoate or a synthetic oestrogen, 11beta-methoxy 17-ethynyl-1,3,5(10)-oestratriene-3,17beta-diol (RU 2858), in daily doses ranging from 0-5 to 1000 ng. Oestradiol-17beta had no effect on adult ovarian cyclicity or sexual receptivity after ovariectomy and oestrogen+ progesterone treatment. Ovarian cyclicity was prevented by 100 ng or more oestradiol benzoate/day, and by all doses of RU 2858. Only rats receiving 50 ng oestradiol benzoate/day or 0-5 ng RU 2858/day showed normal receptivity. The defeminizing action of RU 2858 was at least 100 times greater than that of oestradiol benzoate; it is suggested that this greater potency is due to the low affinity of RU 2858 for the oestradiol binding protein in the plasma of neonatal rats. These results indicate that defeminization of the neonatal rat brain can be induced by physiological amounts of oestrogen, and are discussed with reference to the action of testosterone. PMID- 1239487 TI - Inhibition, by the anti-oestrogen MER-25, of defeminization induced by the synthetic oestrogen RU 2858. PMID- 1239488 TI - Ureolytic bacteria in sheep rumen. AB - Estimates were made of the numbers of viable bacteria in the rumens of sheep receiving different rations. Representative colonies were isolated and tested for urease production. Some urease-positive isolates were characterized and identified. The ureolytic activities of the urease-producing isolates were determined and compared with the activity of rumen fluid. The rations fed to the sheep did not exert a significant influence on the relative numbers of the urease producting organisms in the rumen. No obligately anaerobic ureolytic bacteria were found. All urease-positive isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive, catalase-positive cocci. Out of ten isolates, nine were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and one as Micrococcus varians. The total urease activity of the different isolates based on the lowest numbers in which they were present in the rumen, compared favourably with the urease activity of rumen fluid. The facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive cocci were probably responsible for a large proportion of the urease activity of the rumen fluid. Conditions prevailing in the rumen were found to be conducive to urease production by the isolates tested. PMID- 1239489 TI - Leghaemoglobin and the supply of O2 to nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteroids: presence of two oxidase systems and ATP production at low free O2 concentration. AB - Studies of rates of consumption of dissolved O2 by suspensions of bacteroids (Rhizobium japonicum, strain CB1809) from soybean root nodules showed the presence of two different terminal oxidase systems. A high-affinity system, sensitive to inhibition by N-phenylimidazole and by carbon monoxide, was most active when the dissolved O2 was between 0-01 and 0-1 muM. At 1 muM-O2 or higher, this oxidase system had little activity and O2 was consumed largely by a low affinity system insensitive to these inhibitors. At low concentrations of dissolved O2, bacteroid respiration rates appeared to be diffusion-limited. When purified oxyleghaemoglobin was added to such systems, this restriction was relieved and respiration was maintained to much lower concentrations of free dissolved O2, where nitrogenase activity was greatest. Analysis of reactions which were terminated at various stages during the depletion of O2 from oxyleghaemoglobin showed that at low free O2 concentration, the high-affinity pathway produced up to five times greater bacteroid ATP concentrations than the low-affinity oxidase pathway operating about 1 muM free O2 in the absence of leghaemoglobin. At intermediate free O2 concentrations, occurring during the later stages of deoxygenation of oxymyoglobin, intermediate concentrations of ATP were found in the bacteroids. PMID- 1239490 TI - Interferon induction by viruses and polynucleotides: a differential effect of comptothecin. AB - The plant alkaloid comptothecin inhibits interferon production induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or ultraviolet-irradiated NDV in chick and human cells, and by Sindbis virus in chick cells. It has no effect on interferon production induced by poly (rI).poly(rC) in chick and human cells. No effect of comptothecin could be detected on the multiplication of NDV, and it is concluded that the inhibition reflects a difference between interferon induction by viruses and by polynucleotides. PMID- 1239492 TI - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; a glycoprotein. PMID- 1239493 TI - Quantitative determination of tocopherols by high-speed liquid chromatography. AB - A high-speed liquid chromatographic method for the determination of alpha-, beta , gamma- and delta-tocopherols using a spectrophotometer or a spectrofluorometer, is described. The best results were obtained using a 2.3 mm i.d. x 500 mm normal phase partition column, JASCO-PACK WC-03-500 and a spectrofluorometer as a specific detector. A mixture of diisopropyl ether and n-hexane (2:98) was used as the mobile phase. A flow rate was set at 0.8 ml/min. A mixture of pure alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols or natural tocopherols in vegetable oils were separately determined by this method. PMID- 1239491 TI - The regressive effects of frustration upon the concrete reasoning ability of seven and eight-year-old-boys. AB - Forty-four seven- to eight-year-old boys were divided randomly into a experimental group and a contro group. All children took Forms A and B of the Concrete Reasoning Test as arranged by Siegelman and Block (12) and originally constructed by Smedslund (13). In the experimental group, each boy took Form A first and then was told that he could win a prize, which he selected from several items offered, if he could put together an easy puzzle (which was difficult in actuality). Each boy was given three minutes to work on the puzzle and was then given Form B. After each item he was allowed to work again on the puzzle for three more minutes. The individuals in the control group followed the same procedures, except that they had a much easier task to perform. It was hypothesized that (a) frustrated boys at a high level of concrete reasoning ability will regress less than frustrated boys at a lower level with the exception that (b) boys in the transitional period of thinking will regress more than those who are not, and (c) those boys who are frustrated will tend to regress more than those who are not. The results supported all of these hypotheses. PMID- 1239494 TI - [Auditory screening of kindergarten children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239495 TI - [A statistical survey of types of hearing impairments in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239496 TI - [Clinical and histological study of cyst forming maxillary sinusitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239497 TI - [The examinations of Japanese cedar pollinosis by the radio-allergosorbent test. Part I. Basic studies of RAST in Japanese cedar pollinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239498 TI - [Recording and reading method of electrocochleography]. PMID- 1239499 TI - The nature of extraversion: a genetical analysis. AB - A biometrical-genetical analysis of twin data to elucidate the determinants of variation in extraversion and its components, sociability and impulsiveness, revealed that both genetical and environmental factors contributed to variation in extraversion, to the variation and covariation of its component scales, and to the interaction between subjects and scales. A large environmental correlation between the scales suggested that environmental factors may predominate in determining the unitary nature of extraversion. The interaction between subjects and scales depended more on genetical factors, which suggests that the dual nature of extraversion has a strong genetical basis. A model assuming random mating, additive gene action, and specific environmental effects adequately describes the observed variation and covariation of sociability and impulsiveness. Possible evolutionary implications are discussed. PMID- 1239500 TI - Desirable versus undesirable life events: their relationship to stress and mental distress. AB - The research of Holmes, Rahe, and their associates disclosing that life events and stress are related to the onset of physical illness is extended to the psychological domain in the present study. Using a modified version of their life events checklist, it is shown that an accumulation of life events is correlated with self-reported tension and distress, with emotional disturbances manifested by depression, paranoid thinking, suicidal proclivity, and anxiety, as well as with behavioral indications of stress such as drinking and traffic accidents. Most importantly, it is shown that these relationships do not hold for desirable life events but primarily for undesirable events. Thus, the authors suggest that the quality of the events in terms of their desirability is the crucial determinant of stress and the above-mentioned relationships rather than simply the life change produced by the events, as suggested in earlier studies. Methodological and theoretical implications for future research are discussed, emphasizing the importance of studying additional stress-relevant dimensions such as anticipation of the events and control over their outcome. PMID- 1239502 TI - Proceedings: The effect of lanthanum on miniature junction potentials at the goldfish neuromuscular jucntion after block by tetanus toxin. PMID- 1239501 TI - Antineoplastic and cytotoxic components of desert Baileya. PMID- 1239503 TI - [Relations between the changes of the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system and the alterations in protein and nucleic acids contents of the rat liver (author's transl)]. AB - The phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was evaluated after a single oral administration of soya-bean oil to male rats (15 g/kg). 1. An emulsion of soya-bean oil administered to the rat by gastric intubation activated the phagocytosis of colloidal carbon; the stimulation appeared on the 2nd day after treatment and persisted up to the 3rd day. There was also a relation between the stimulation of RES activity, under our experimental conditions, and the increased level observed in the protein and nucleic acid contents of the liver. 2. In contrast, without emulsion, soya-bean oil depressed the phagocytic activity on the 2nd and 3rd days after administration of the oil. These changes were associated with a diminution in ribonucleic acid and protein contents of the liver. Although the mechanisms of soya-bean oil-induced alterations of phagocytic activity were not clarified, there was a relationship between the RES stimulation or inhibition and the modifications in nucleic acid and protein contents of rat liver. PMID- 1239505 TI - Long-term effect of HCG on plasma testosterone in bulls. AB - The spontaneous diurnal variation of peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations in four bulls was established and then the long-term effect of a single intravenous or intramuscular injection of HCG on testosterone levels was studied. Intravenous and intramuscular HCG injections produced, within 1/2 hr and 3 hr, respectively, a rapid rise of testosterone to levels equivalent to the highest values seen in the diurnal pattern. A second increase of up to x2 to x3 the highest values of the diurnal cycle was observed 2 days after the injection of HCG, and the testosterone level remained high for at least 3 to 4 days after plasma levels of HCG were no longer detectable. The pattern of diurnal variation after HCG revealed an attenuation of the extensive spontaneous variation and high levels with only slight fluctuations were maintained. PMID- 1239504 TI - The role of the rete ovarii in meiosis and follicle formation in the cat, mink and ferret. AB - Ovarian morphology was studied from the inception of meiosis in the cat, mink and ferret. It was shown that "open connections", allowing cellular contact, existed between the intra-ovarian rete cords and the groups of germ cells as well as between the surface epithelium and the germ cells. The germ cells in the innermost part of the cortex and lying in contact with the rete cells were those which were the first to enter meiotic prophase. Later, the more peripheral oogonia transformed to oocytes. The first follicular formations occurred at the innermost part of the cortex. The granulosa cell layers were in open connection with the intra-ovarian rete cords. In the mink and ferret, a certain part of the rete system at the hilus differentiated into the hilar rete body. In all animals, the extra-ovarian rete cells were actively secreting. It is proposed that the rete system interacts with the cortex, initiating the start of meiosis and that the rete cells as well as cells of the surface epithelium contribute to the granulosa cell layer. PMID- 1239506 TI - Environmental factors and reproduction in the female hopping mouse, Notomys alexis. AB - Australian hopping mice (Notomy alexis) were subjected to short or long photoperiods, different social environments and/or water deprivation. The age at which vaginal opening and first oestrus occurred was delayed by short photoperiods and by the absence of male proximity. Water deprivation prevented normal maturation. The normal 7 to 8 day oestrous cycle was prolonged by short photoperiods or water deprivation. Animals deprived of water had lighter body, ovarian and uterine weights, and follicular growth seemed to be impaired. No differences in organ weights were found between animals in the two photoperiods. The significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 1239507 TI - Further evidence of normal fertility and the formation of balanced gametes in sheep with one or more different Robertsonian translocations. AB - Mating experiments are described for sheep with three different Robertsonian translocations in the single heterozygous t1, t2 and t3, homozygous t1t1 and t3t3 and double heterozygous t1t2 and t1t3 state. The experiments were designed to investigate several previously reported unusual chromosome segregation ratios in sheep, to test the fertility of translocation heterozygous ewes mated to rams of normal karyotype and to test both the fertility and segregation patterns of sheep which were double translocation heterozygotes. The fertility of the translocation heterozygous ewes was normal as assessed from conception to first service, numbers of non-conceiving ewes and lambing percentages. Two types of double translocation heterozygous rams mated to ewes of normal karyotype produced regular chromosome segregation patterns in their progeny and the matings were of normal fertility. Double translocation heterozygous ewes were also fertile. Four sheep were bred with 51 chromosomes. Two of these were triple heterozygotes with three different Robertsonian translocations 51,xy,t1t2t3 and 51,xx,t1t2t3 and two were homozygous for one translocation and heterozygous for the others, namely 51,xx,t1t2t3 and 51,xxt1t3t3. All sheep were phenotypically normal. It is concluded that the t1,t2 and t3 Robertsonian translocations of sheep do not affect reproductive performance significantly. PMID- 1239508 TI - Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on serum prolactin and lh concentrations in male and female rats. PMID- 1239509 TI - The suppression of ovarian cyclical activity in groups of mice, and its dependence on ovarian hormones. PMID- 1239510 TI - Plasma relaxin immunoactivity during the oestrous cycle of the ewe. AB - Plasma relaxin immunoactivity was measured every 2 hr during 4-day periods in a series of sheep to cover the 17-day period of the ovine oestrous cycle. The immunoactivity fluctuated considerably throughout eacn 4-day period, and a large betwee-animal variation was found. A marked episodic release, occurring at approximately 12.00 and 24.00 hours, was identified and shown to occur more regularly either at certain times of the cycle or in certain animals. Relaxin immunoactivity was high throughout the late pro-oestrous phase of the cycle (Days 15 and 16), and at 24 hr after the onset of the LH peak, conincidnet with the approximate time when ovulation occurs. Bursts of relaxin activity were found on Days 8 to 9 in one ewe, and Days 10 and 11 and 13 to 14 in another. There was no significant correlation between prolactin levels and relaxin immunoactivity in one ewe studied throughout the oestrous period. PMID- 1239511 TI - Increased secretion of progesterone from the ovary of the ewe during the preovulatory period. PMID- 1239512 TI - Heterospermic insemination and its effect on the offspring ratio in rats. PMID- 1239513 TI - Production of mastitis in mice with human and bovine ureaplasmas (T-mycoplasmas). AB - Five ureaplasmas (T-mycoplasmas) of human origin and four of bovine origin were inoculated into the mammary glands of mice. The strains multiplied and neutrophils were observed in sections of infected glands. Some of the glands were macroscopically inflamed, albeit slightly, at necropsy but none of the mice showed any sign of disease during the course of the experiments. All nine ureaplasma strains produced mastitis in BSVS mice and the mammary glands of mice appear more susceptible to ureaplasmas than the udders of cows or goats. Mouse mastitis is suggested as being a suitable small animal model for studying ureaplasma infections. PMID- 1239514 TI - Reversible loss in suspension culture of a major cell-surface glycoprotein of the TA3-Ha mouse tumor. AB - A major cell-surface glycoprotein of the TA3-Ha ascites mammary adenocarcinoma diminished during transfer from ascites growth to cell growth in suspension culture. A sensitive, hemagglutination-inhibition assay that used a lectin from Vicia graminea seeds indicated approximately a 50% loss after 7-10 days of culture and a 90% loss after 2 months. These findings were corroborated by carbohydrate and amino acid analysis with gas-liquid chromatography of trypsin glycopeptides released from the cell surface. Repassage of the cultured cells in vivo caused the reappearance of the surface glycoprotein. PMID- 1239515 TI - Electron microscope study on human lymphocyte-sheep erythrocyte rosettes. AB - Nonimmune rosette formation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultered MOLT 3 and MOLT 4 cells with sheep red blood cells was studied by transmission electron microscopy. At the cell contact area of the rosette, lymphoid and red cell membranes were parallel and 80-100 A apart. The inner leaflet of the lymphoid cell membrane seemed denser, and amorphous substance attached to its cytoplasmic face. The cell contact area was 100-1000 nm wide and frequently on the lymphoiid cell body rather than on microvilli, though some cells extended microvilli near red cells. PMID- 1239516 TI - Perichromatin fibrils as components of rapidly labeled extranucleolar RNA. PMID- 1239517 TI - Induction of interferon and erythropoietic differentiation in cells transformed by Friend virus. AB - Two lines of Friend virus (FV)-transformed mouse spleen cells have been analyzed in respect to their interferon production capacity: neither F4 cells, which liberate infectious FV when kept under tissue culture conditions, nor the thymidine kinase-deficient B8 cells, which do not produce significant amounts of FV, release detectable amounts of autogenous interferon into cell supernatants. However, interferon is produced in these cells in amounts comparable to that in L 929 cells when interferon induction is initiated with UV-inactivated Newcastle disease virus. Conversely poly(I)-poly(C), a potent interferon inducer in L-929 cells, proved ineffective in this capacity in F4 or B8 cells. When erythropoietic differentiation is induced in these cells by dimethyl sulfoxide, no autogenous interferon production occurs, but with NDV-induction a four- to fivefode increase of interferon production is observed. A similar elevation of interferon production is achieved during 5-bromodeoxyuridine stimulation of differentiation in the thymidine kinase-deficient B8 cells. The refractiveness against poly(I) poly(C) displayed in unstimulated cells is not overcome at any stage of differentiation, indicating major differences of Newcastle disease virus and poly(I)-poly(C) induction mechanisms. PMID- 1239518 TI - Evidence for an "early early" vaccinia virus-induced protein which causes a density change of infected L-M cells. AB - The density decrease of vaccinia virus-infected L-M cells observed in a Ficoll density gradient by 2 h postinfection was found to be dependent on RNA synthesis and protein synthesis but independent of DNA synthesis. Using low multiplicities of infection, the required RNA and protein species appeared to be synthesized before parental viral DNA became sensitive to DNase, i.e., while the bulk of input virus was still at the core stage of uncoating. To date only thymidine kinase and a vaccinia virus-specific cell surface antigen (as well as the putative uncoating protein) have been shown to be "early early" proteins, i.e., synthesized while parental viral DNA is still enclosed within the core. Both heat and UV-inactivated virus failed to cause the cell density decrease. The need for a functioning viral genome implies that the required early early RNA and protein species are virus specific and not cell specific. Thus the protein leading to the density decrease of L-M cells, induced very early after infection with vaccinia virus, represents one of the first bits of viral genetic information expressed after infection. Since antibody-neutralized virus is still capable of causing the phenomenon of cell density decrease, the basis of neutralization of vaccinia virus by specific antibody must be other than by inhibiting early early transcription and/or translation. PMID- 1239520 TI - [Typical massive atelectasis after epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 1239519 TI - [Succinylcholine and low serum pseudocholinesterase activity - effect of administration of purified human pseudocholinesterase]. PMID- 1239521 TI - [Case of Romano-Ward syndrome recovering from an extended period of unconsciousness]. PMID- 1239522 TI - [Experimental study of the intra-renal distribution of the blood during shock]. PMID- 1239523 TI - [Injuries of the airway caused by artificial ventilation and intravenous infusion]. PMID- 1239524 TI - [Abnormal cholinestrase in Hokuriku district in Japan. Determination by the method of Morrow and Motulsky]. PMID- 1239525 TI - [Study of mucle relaxants with evoked electromyography. 6. Fluctuation of the M2/M1 ratio by repetitive paired stimulation]. PMID- 1239526 TI - [Experience in the use of the Jamshidi needle. Role of the bone marrow biopsy in hematological disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239527 TI - [Chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside, daunomycin and vincristine in refractory leukemia of childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239528 TI - [Studies on the platelet factor 4. I. Relationship of Pf 4 to haemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239529 TI - [A case of congenital factor V deficiency. Report of a case and review of 28 reported cases in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239530 TI - [Two cases of secondary purpura hyperglobulinemica (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239531 TI - [Peripheral nerve denervation and muscular changes]. PMID- 1239533 TI - [Plasticity of the spinal cord function]. PMID- 1239532 TI - [Culture of neuromuscular synapses--actions of neurotrophic factors on muscles]. PMID- 1239534 TI - [Maintenance of the posture and synergic reflex]. PMID- 1239535 TI - [Motor paralysis of the spinal cord origin--progress of its management from the standpoint of rehabilitation medicine]. PMID- 1239536 TI - [Motor paralysis of the spinal cord origin--progress of management from the orthopedics' standpoint; functional rehabilitation in paralysis caused by lower neuronal diseases]. PMID- 1239537 TI - [Ataxia--its classification and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1239538 TI - [Pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of abnormal muscular tension]. PMID- 1239539 TI - [Motor disorder in Parkinsonism]. PMID- 1239540 TI - [From electroneuromyography to artificial limbs, with special reference to electromyographic control of artificial limbs]. PMID- 1239542 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 1239541 TI - [Observation of tissue localization of immunoglobulin and immune complex- application of peroxidase immunoelectron microscopy]. PMID- 1239544 TI - [Clinical diagnosis and quantitative measurement of behavior]. PMID- 1239543 TI - [Renal hypertension--classification of hypertension and diagnosis of renal hypertension]. PMID- 1239545 TI - [Hyperlipemia introduction]. PMID- 1239546 TI - [Fat-induced lipemia]. PMID- 1239547 TI - [Carbohydrate-induced lipemia]. PMID- 1239548 TI - [Epidemiological studies of hyperlipemia among Japanese]. PMID- 1239550 TI - [Management of hyperlipemia according to its types--diet therapy and drug therapy]. PMID- 1239549 TI - [Hyperlipemia and vascular diseases]. PMID- 1239551 TI - [Effects of antilipemic agents in prevention of arterioscerlosis--an epidemiological evaluation]. PMID- 1239552 TI - [Studies of families with familial hyperlipemia in Japan]. PMID- 1239553 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 1239554 TI - [Primary aldosteronism--hypertension associated with hypokalemia and reduced plasma renin activities]. PMID- 1239555 TI - [Studies on the transition of "types" in hyperlipemia--some questions concerning "Frederickson's classification" of hyperlipemia]. PMID- 1239556 TI - [Abnormalities of the skeletal muscles in idiopathic cardiomyopathy with special reference to electromyography and morphology of the muscles]. PMID- 1239557 TI - [Analysis of major components]. PMID- 1239558 TI - [Direct colorimetric determination of ammonia--its application to enzymatic determination and clinical significance]. PMID- 1239559 TI - [Autopsy case of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis associated with lung neoplasm]. PMID- 1239560 TI - [4 cases of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies of the function of the pulmonary vascular bed in pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 1239561 TI - [Acute pulmonary fibrosis--an autopsy case with chronic thyroiditis, wire loop glomerular lesions and follicle formation in the thymus]. PMID- 1239562 TI - [Chronic rheumatoid arthritis associated with pneumonia]. PMID- 1239563 TI - [Pulmonary lesions in connective tissue diseases, with special reference to progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 1239564 TI - [Extensive cholesterol ester granuloma of the lung with starch-like body and ceroid deposits]. PMID- 1239565 TI - [Prolactin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239566 TI - [Triiodothyronine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239567 TI - [A radioimmunoassay of human proinsulin C-peptide immunoreactivity and its clinical applications (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239568 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of gastrin and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239569 TI - [Hormone assay and its clinical significance in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239570 TI - [Some problems of serum protein determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239571 TI - [General aspects of protein determination in clinical chemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239572 TI - [Dye binding methods for the determination of serum albumin as a screening test of the cellulose acetate electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239573 TI - [Standards for the quantitative analysis of human serum albumin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239574 TI - [Studies on direct determination of serum creatinine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239575 TI - [Studies on acinetobacter anitratus isolated from clinical specimens.--I. Isolation from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239576 TI - [Assay of plasminogen using plasminogen-free fibrin plate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239577 TI - [Studies on thrombin reagents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239578 TI - [Diagnosis of breast cancer--with special reference to mammography]. PMID- 1239579 TI - [Surgical management of breast neoplasms--its present status, progress and prognosis]. PMID- 1239580 TI - [Postsurgical radiotherapy and its evaluation]. PMID- 1239581 TI - [Radiotherapy of inoperable or recurrent breast neoplasms]. PMID- 1239582 TI - [Management of inoperable or recurrent breast neoplasms]. PMID- 1239583 TI - [Malignant pleural mesothelioma--a case study]. PMID- 1239584 TI - [Intramural duodenal hematoma caused by an injury]. PMID- 1239585 TI - [Improvement in radiation planning technics--an innovation in upper gastrointestinal radiography]. PMID- 1239586 TI - [Acute ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1239587 TI - [Esophageal neoplasms. (2) Classification of malignancy and surgical technics]. PMID- 1239588 TI - [Patient protection in radiographic examination of the vascular system]. PMID- 1239589 TI - [Proliferation and differentiation of gastric gland cells--effects of AOC tetragastrin oil suspension and insulin Novo lente on the proliferation of the gastric gland]. PMID- 1239590 TI - [Mucosal regeneration in experimental stomach ulcer in rats, with special reference to the role of differentiated cells]. PMID- 1239591 TI - [Serum glycoproteins in pancreastic diseases]. PMID- 1239592 TI - Analysis of gastric secretions after selective proximal vagotomy (author's transl). PMID- 1239593 TI - [Drug-induced allergic hepatitis--studies on drug carrier]. PMID- 1239595 TI - [Changes of plasma lipid levels in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis- with special reference to the effects of antilipemic drugs and fatty acid emulsion]. PMID- 1239594 TI - [Primary biliary liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1239596 TI - [Analysis of vascular lesions in the biopsied kidney in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1239597 TI - Membranous nephropathy. PMID- 1239598 TI - [Cellular physiology in transport functions of the renal tubules--mechanism of active biological transport of organic solutes]. PMID- 1239599 TI - [Progress in pathological studies of acute glomerulonephritis by biopsy. 1. Clinical pictures and changes in the kidney glomerulus]. PMID- 1239600 TI - ["Ultrastructure and histological features of the glomerular changes" (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239601 TI - [Progress in pathological studies of acute glomerulonephritis by biopsy. 3. Scanning electron in microscopy of glomerular changes]. PMID- 1239602 TI - [Immunological studies on acute glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239603 TI - [The role of fibrin in glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239604 TI - [Progress in pathological studies of acute glomerulonephritis by biopsy--from the clinical standpoint]. PMID- 1239605 TI - [Acute golmerulonephritis from the standpoint of internal medicine]. PMID- 1239606 TI - [Progress in pathological studies of acute glomerulonephritis by biopsy. 3. From the immunological standpoint]. PMID- 1239607 TI - [Some observations from the autopsy cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239608 TI - Physical dependence on morphine, phenobarbital and diazepam in rats by drug admixed food ingestion. AB - To produce physical dependence on morphine, phenobarbital and diazepam in rats, these drugs were mixed with powder form of rat food in concentrations of 0.5 mg/g, 1 mg/g and 2 mg/g of food. One group of rats (the lower dose group) was continuously exposed for 1 week to two morphine-admixed foods with morphine to food ratios of 0.5 mg/g and 1 mg/g in a cage. The other group (the higher dose group) could choose between two morphine-admixed foods with morphine to food ratios of 1 mg/g and 2 mg/g. After 1 week, morphine-admixed foods were replaced with morphine free food for 2 days. Both groups of rats showed greatly reduced body weight and food intake after the first 24-48 hr withdrawal. The body weight decrease was greater for rats in the higher dose group. Control groups of morphine dependent rats were kept on the morphine added food diets and showed the same body weight increase as well as normal control rats during the course of these experiments. Physical dependence on phenobarbital and diazepam was produced using the same dosage schedules as with morphine. Both the lower and higher dose groups showed significant decrease in body weight due to withdrawal after 1 week of drug-food exposure. Levallorphan (0.5, 1, 3 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) administered to morphine dependent rats had dose-dependent effects on the intensity of abstinence symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, piloerection and wet shakes phenomena), maximal decrease in body weight and duration of decreased body weight. Cross-physical dependence between phenobarbital and diazepam was demonstrated by this method. PMID- 1239609 TI - [Editorial: Air pollution and respiratory tract diseases--for the solution of problems concerning medical treatment and legislation]. PMID- 1239610 TI - Biochemical and immunological function of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. PMID- 1239611 TI - [Viral infections]. PMID- 1239612 TI - [Immunology of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1239613 TI - [Chronic bronchial infections]. PMID- 1239614 TI - [Immunological studies of diffuse interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology]. PMID- 1239615 TI - [Sarcoidosis--with special reference to the differences of immunological characteristics in various clinical stages]. PMID- 1239616 TI - [Metabolism and effects of vasoactive substances in the lung. (4) Prostaglandin inactivation and its prevention in normal and sensitized guinea-pig lungs]. PMID- 1239617 TI - [Pulmonary granulomatosis found in a lacquerer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239618 TI - [Follow-up studies of pre-operative injections of antineoplastic agents into the bronchial artery in surgical cases of lung cancer--studies based on the nation wide statistics]. PMID- 1239619 TI - [Indication for pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 1239620 TI - [Successful surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an adult]. PMID- 1239621 TI - [Rare complication of open heart surgery--ruptured aneurysm of the femoral artery possibly due to the residual ethylene oxide following gas sterilization]. PMID- 1239623 TI - [Open heart surgery in infants under regular temperature and high velocity infusion]. PMID- 1239622 TI - [Surgical management of a single atrium--with special reference to the management of mitral valve cleft]. PMID- 1239624 TI - [Congenital heart disease associated with brain abscess--a successful surgical case and a review of clinical cases in Japan]. PMID- 1239625 TI - [Mustard type surgery--follow-up studies]. PMID- 1239626 TI - [Studies on action potentials of the upper urinary tract. V. Changes of the ureteral function during and after surgery in patients with calculous disease of the upper urinary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239627 TI - [Studies on plasminogen activator activity in cancerous tissues of the bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239628 TI - [Simultaneous tracing of 131-I-hippuran and 197-HG-chlormerodrin uptake curve in obstructive uropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239629 TI - [Dynamic study of urinary bladder, using 99mTc-(SN)-DTPA and gamma-scintillation camera (preliminary report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239630 TI - [Ileal conduit in pelvic cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239631 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on carcinoma of the bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239633 TI - [Problems in cancer immunology]. PMID- 1239632 TI - [Fundamentals of immunotherapy of cancer]. PMID- 1239634 TI - [Immunotherapy of cancer]. PMID- 1239635 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on anomalies of sex differentiation - with special reference to endocrine functions]. PMID- 1239636 TI - [Renal function in urinary tract obstruction]. PMID- 1239637 TI - [Neural control of the urinary tract by the peripheral nerves]. PMID- 1239638 TI - [Clinico-morphological evaluation of portography in patients with the syndrome of portal hypertension]. PMID- 1239639 TI - [Malignant melanoma in a child (author's transl)]. AB - The rare case of a ciliary malignant melanoma in an 11-year-old boy is reported. Signs of a subacte iridocyclitis with secondary glaucoma were the main clinical changes. The striking histological details were numerous wide blood vessels with thin endothelial walls within the tumour, and the sparse invasion of the tips of the ciliary processes, and between the sphincter pupillae and the pigment layer of the iris; many tumor cells displayed more than one nucleolus. Finally, a survey is given on the intraocular tumours in children. PMID- 1239640 TI - [Double-sided occlusion of the great vessels of the neck after X-ray treatment in childhool (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports on two cases of bilateral blockage of the carotid vessels many years after X-ray treatment of the neck lymph nodes in childhood. The X-ray overdoses resulted in the damage and shrinkage of the skin and upper connective tissue of the neck. The time of delay from X-ray treatment to the first signs of vessel blockage was 45 years and 51 years. The first patient, male aged 62 years, has dilated vertebral arteries. Nine years after bilateral antiglaucomatous operation (with cataract removal) the intraocular vessel processes have slowed and there is good compensation of the carotid vessels as shown by CNS function. The second patient, female aged 62 years, exhibited moreover a block of the right vertebral artery and stenosis of the left vertebral artery. This resulted in acute blindness of the left eye and then of the right eye 1 1/2 years later. Puncture of the anterior chambers and Iridencleisis (right eye) were performed, but without success. Together, with loss of acuity, she had constantly increasing neurological deficiencies and psychopathological changes consistent with thrombosis of the left vertebral artery. Pathiological and anatomical stenosis in the region of X-ray treatment should have warranted surgical intervention to restore normal circulation. PMID- 1239642 TI - Reproductive biology and postnatal development of the neotropical climbing rat, Tylomys. AB - Neotropical climbing rats (Tylomys), offspring of animals from Mexico and Panama, were maintained in the Michigan State University Museum-Live Animal Colony for the purpose of collecting data on reproduction. Vaginal smears indicated an estrous cycle 6.8 +/- 0.4 da under natural winter lighting, 12.0 +/- 2.5 da when exposed to a 12:12 light:dark cycle, and 4.3 +/- 0.3 da when utilizing an activity wheel and under a 14:10 lighting scheme. The earliest recorded mating for a female Tylomys was 90 da of age. The gestation period was 40.6 +/- 0.5 da, and there was no statistical difference between the gestation lengths of lactating and non-lactating females. The average litter size was 2.3 with a range of 1-4. Weight at birth averaged 20.2 +/- 0.3 g, or about 8% (litter about 16%) the weight of the adult. The daily instantaneous rate of growth (weight) for the first wk was about 5.6%. Graphs were presented indicating changes with time of weight, total body length, and tail, hind foot, and ear lengths. Young respond to loud noises at 6-14 da of age, and eye opening occurs slightly later, at 7-15 da of age. The young cling tenaciously to the female's nipples nearly continuously for the first 3 wk. Females did not perform any nest-building activities. Weaning occurred at approximately 3-4 wk of age. PMID- 1239641 TI - [A clinical experimental study on the therapeutically effective component of retinal phosphatides (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study it was demonstrated that neither the relation of the single phosphatide components nor the organ which serves as the source of the phosphatides have any importance on the therapeutic effect on the retina. The therapeutic effect of the phosphatide depends on their content of C 22:6. The phosphatide complex from livers of pigs, feeded with fish, has a particularly high content C 22:6. Its therapeutic effect and its production offers great technical and economical advantages. PMID- 1239643 TI - Improved method for ultraviolet irradiation of cultured cells. PMID- 1239644 TI - Drowning in Singapore children. PMID- 1239645 TI - Equilibrium and stability in populations whose interactions are age-specific. PMID- 1239646 TI - The mitotic oscillator in Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 1239647 TI - Function of lampbrush chromosomes: a hypothesis. PMID- 1239648 TI - The effect of canavanine on the capsid protein of Sindbis virus. AB - In the presence of the arginine analogue canavanine, Sindbis virus-infected BHK 21 cells synthesize a capsid protein of somewhat larger molecular weight than that of controls. This protein can also be seen in short pulse-labelled cells, and probably represents a precursor of the normal capsid protein. In our experiments canavanine had no effect on the viral envelope proteins, and the canavanine containing capsid protein formed nucleocapsids and virus particles as well as normal capsid protein does. PMID- 1239649 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on viral precursor protein B in Sindbis virus-infected BHK cells. AB - The possible role of B protein, a postulated precursor of viral envelope proteins was studied in Sindbis virus-infected BHK cells. Although tryptic digestion of the B protein produces tryptic peptides of the viral envelope proteins it seems unlikely that B molecules accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells are subsequently cleaved into structural proteins. We suggest that if B is really the precursor of E1 and PE2 viral envelope proteins, the cleavage takes place on the ribosomes during the synthesis of the second part of the B protein. Low concentrations of cycloheximide completely blocked the synthesis of B protein but did not inhibit the synthesis of viral structural proteins. PMID- 1239650 TI - [Introcution to the Topic "The Problem of Cancer" (author's transl)]. AB - How will things progress with cancer? Main facts: cancer increase until 1964. Reversal of sexual proportion (now greater mortality of men). Cancer of different organs changing their relative frequency. In 80% cancer acquired. Enviromental carcinogenes. Percental increase of cancer without carcinogenes by decreasing causes of death (infectious diseases). Future problem: Experimental cancer prevention (tests upon germinal cells for mutagenicity). Since 1964 the level of cancer mortality has remained constant. Decrease is in sight: an anti-cancer future has begun. PMID- 1239651 TI - [Urinary diversion through isolated bowel segments (author's transl)]. AB - 80 cases of urinary diversions by means of an ileal or colon conduit are reported. Indications and the operative technique with several variations especially of the bowel-ureter-anastomosis are described. The significance of intestino-uretero-renal reflux and the role of urinary infection in different compartements of the isolated segment are discussed: if the stoma is large enough no reflux can be observed; in the majority of cases infection is limited to the distal part of the segment. Urinary diversion by isolated bowel segments seems to be a safe procedure especially for the protection of the upper urinary tract, preferable to diversion into the non-isolated colon. PMID- 1239653 TI - The effects of postoperative time intervals and diurnal variation on liver glycogen levels in rats with hippocampal lesions. PMID- 1239652 TI - Demonstration of immunoreactive retinol-binding protein and prealbumin in developing chicken embryo. PMID- 1239654 TI - $21,472 for undiagnosed German measles? PMID- 1239655 TI - [Increased flavin synthesis in yeasts utilizing hydrocarbons]. AB - Comparative studies of the process of possible overproduction of flavins by cultures with different flavinogenous activity grown on media with hydrocarbons and glucose have been carried out. The strains with a high flavinogenous activity, Candida guilliermondii and Torulopsis famata O-3, produced more flavins on media containing hydrocarbons than the cultures with a low flavinogenous activity. At a high content of iron in the medium, which is unfavourable for overproduction of riboflavin the rate of flavinogenesis is higher on hydrocarbons than on sugars, especially on alkanes with a longer chain in the strain O-3. Under the conditions of iron deficiency, the activity of flavinogenesis is higher on glucose in the case of both cultures. Iron deficiency in media containing hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivative (cetyl alcohol, palmitic and acetic acids) has no such effect on the production of flavin by T. famata O-3 as in the glucose containing media. On media with ethanol, overproduction of the vitamin by the strain O-3 obeys the same relationships as on media with glucose. Possible factors that may have effect on the elevated synthesis are discussed. PMID- 1239656 TI - [The melanine nature of the dark pigment Oidiodendron cerealis]. PMID- 1239657 TI - Neuroleptic agents of the benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinoline series. A hypothesis on their mode of interaction with the central dopamine receptor. PMID- 1239658 TI - The rifamycin derivative AF/013 is cytolytic. PMID- 1239659 TI - [Unnatural death and its causes (forensic autopsy cases in Budapest during 1974)]. AB - In Budapest in 1974, 4766 medicolegal autopsies were carried out. The cause of death in 2589 cases was natural disease, in 1246 cases an accident, in 878 cases suicide, in 43 cases death was caused by violence and in 10 cases stillbirth. Data of decreased by sudden and unexpected death are presented according to the internationally accepted nomenclature, accidental cases are analysed according to the type of the accident. Cases of violent death are analysed with regard to the form of them and the age of the victims. PMID- 1239660 TI - [Comparative sensitivity of several laboratory animals to infection by nasal instillation of the saprophytic phase of Emmonsia crescens Emmons & Jellison, 1960: frequency and intensity of parasitism, histological reactions]. AB - Comparative observations were made on the development of Emmonsia crescens in the lungs of laboratory rats and mice, golden hamsters and guinea pigs after a nasal instillation of a heavy suspension of the saprophytic phase of the fungus. 95% of 80 experimental rats were found to be parasited against 80% of 200 inoculated mice, while only 30% of 70 hamsters and all of 4 guinea pigs showed an infection. The lungs of the mice, rats and guinea pigs were frequently more heavily infected than those of the hamsters. In addition, the adiaspores obtained from the mice and rats had, on average, a diameter double those from the hamsters and their walls were thicker. Thus, the laboratory mice and rats were shown to be better hosts of E. crescens than were golden hamsters. PMID- 1239661 TI - Black grain mycetoma--2 case reports. AB - Two cases of black grain mycetoma, one owing to Madurella grisea and the other due to M. mycetomii have been reported. The clinical features appear to be less florid than that occurring in actinomycotic mycetoma. There was no bone involvement in either of the two cases. These two are the first cases of black grain mycetoma from our institution. PMID- 1239662 TI - Antagonistic effects of Trichoderma harzianum on Pythium aphanidermatum causing the damping-off disease of tobacco in Nigeria. AB - Culture filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai have been found to inhibit zoospore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum causing the damping-off disease of tobacco in Nigeria. Further, the invasion of the hyphae of P. aphanidermatum by hyphae of T. harzianum has been demonstrated in mixed cultures of the two fungi. The results of investigations on the role of T. harzianum as an agent of biological control of the damping-off disease in sterilized and unsterilzed soils are reported and discussed. PMID- 1239663 TI - Four endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi isolated from sand ridge state forest soil. AB - A survey to determine the endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi located within Sand Ridge State Forest of Illinois was conducted from 1 January to 3 April 1973. A total of seven nematode destroying fungal species were isolated from the collected soil samples. Harposporium helicoides, H. crassum, H. lilliputanum are endoparasitic nematophagous fungi that have been isolated previously from the forest soil. Acrostalagmus gonoides, A. obovatus, Cephalosporium balanoides, and Monacrosporium cionopagum are nematophagous fungal species that had not been isolated previously from Illinois soil. Soil pH's and soil nutrient levels were not important in the isolation frequency of the collected endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi. PMID- 1239664 TI - [Growth and sexual reproduction of the dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Takashio (Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin blanchard) on a synthetic medium]. AB - A synthetic medium without agar is proposed for the growth and the sexual reprpduction of the dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The determinations of mycelium dry weight showed that this species grew poorly with only one amino-acid as nitrogen source. A. vanbreuseghemii grew weakly on a mixture of glutamic and aspartic acid and serin. A small amount of aromatic amino-acids added to this mixture, increased the growth rate comparable to that obtained on peptone. The sexual reproduction was induced on synthetic medium with a propicious balance between carbon and nitrogen sources. Addition of 0.5 or 1g/1 of glucose to 50 mg N/1 supplied by the amino acids mixture (including the aromatics) gave the optimal ratio. Using these conditions, many cleistothecia was produced by crossing two semi-compatible strains. PMID- 1239665 TI - [Comparison of growth and morphological differentiation of 22 strains of Emmonsia Ciferri et Montemartini, 1959, agent of adiasporomycosis, in different temperatures]. AB - The comparative study of the responses of 22 strains of Emmonsia to different temperatures between 5 degrees and 40 degrees C allowed us to confirm the existence of thermophilic and non-thermophilic strains. 11 strains composed a very homogeneous non-thermophilic group: their growth, maximal at 20-25 degress C was almost completely inhibited above 30 degrees and they produced characteristic adiaspores at 35 degrees. The remaining 11 strains composed a thermophilic group: their growth was maximal at 25 degrees except for 57 (30-35 degrees), the growth of U.A.M.H. 139 was inhibited at 35 degrees, the others were inhibited at 40 degrees except for three which still continued to develop slowly. Microscopically they produced more or less degenerate chlamydospores at 40 degrees and few adiaspores. PMID- 1239666 TI - Carcinogenicity of the food additive furylfuramide in foetal and young mice. PMID- 1239667 TI - Disruption of brain stimulation-induced feeding by dopamine receptor blockade. PMID- 1239668 TI - [Sexual dysfunctions]. PMID- 1239670 TI - [Impulse activity of cultured rat cerebral cortex neurons]. AB - Background spike activity and morphological characteristics of the visual cortex neurons 1-2 day old rats were investigated under conditions of long-term (up to 34 days) tissue cultures. Three types of unit activity were found: single (regular) spikes, bursts and group discharges. Background activity is shown to depend on the cultivation period. Regular firing of neurons for the first 7-15 cultivation days is changed later by bursts or group activity. These changes in neuronal activity coincide in time with the process of morphological maturation of synaptic connections. Strychnine caused a distinct increase in the mean frequency of background activity accompanied by separate series of group discharges. On the basis of the data obtained the problem on the genesis of the spontaneous activity in cortical neurons is discussed. PMID- 1239669 TI - [The non-synaptic membrane of the retinal horizontal cells as an amplifier of slow potentials]. AB - A simplified model of the membrane of horizontal cells of L-type is suggested. The model reflects two main features of these cells studied earlier experimentally: 1) their hyperpolarizing response to light results from a decrease in EPSP maintained continuously in the dark; 2) the resistance of nonsynaptic membrane of these cells drops under hyperpolarization within a physiological range (from 0 to 70 mV). The model reproduces such properties of horizontal cells as a low membrane potential in the dark, inversion of the response to light with depolarization above a zero level of the membrane potential, an effect of mutual amplification of colour signals, saturation of the response in the bright light, peculiarities of stationary V-A-characteristics in the dark and in the light, as well as a shape of stationary relations between the membrane potential and light intensity which often have a steep part within a certain range of membrane potentials. The existence of hysteresis loops in V-A characteristics and relations between the membrane potential and light intensity predicted by the model was confirmed experimentally in horizontal cells of fish retina. The analysis of the model and experimental results show that the nonsynaptic membrane of horizontal cells is able to amplify actively the slow graded potentials. PMID- 1239671 TI - [Ethology and psychiatry]. PMID- 1239672 TI - [Editorial: Postgraduate education and research in neurosurgery]. PMID- 1239673 TI - [Closure of internal carotid-cavernous fistula with polyurethane foam embolus (so called Guerilla Kite method) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239674 TI - [Penetration of cephaloridine and cephalothin into the cerebrospinal fluid clinical study (author's transl)]. AB - There were 35 cases, treated with Cephaloridine or Cephalothin after neurosurgical operation. Neurological surgeon always troubled with passage of blood-brain barrier when drug was given. Antibiotics was not exceptionally, therefore we, neurological surgeon, must select the effective drug to bacterium, that which penetrated enough to the intracranial organ through the blood-brain barrier. In this paper, we measured the concentration of Cephaloridine and Cephalothin into cerebrospinal fluid in the cases with non inflammatory meninges. We collected the cerebrospinal fluid from continued ventricle tap and serum, then measured the concentration of the drug with bioassay. Cephaloridie treated cases. 22 cases. 1) 1 g intramuscular injection. 4 cases. Serum level got to highest value, 64 mug/ml (mean value) 1 hour after injection. CSF level got to maximum concentration 46.8 mug/ml. (mean value) serum mean level 21.5 mug/ml. CSF mean level 0.73 mug/ml. 2) 1 g 3 minutes-intravenous injection 5 cases. Serum level got to highest value 67.5 mug/ml. CSF maximum level was 5.25 mug/ml. Serum mean level 19.74 mug/ml. CSF mean level 0.61 mug/ml. 3) 1 g 1 hour-intravenous drip. 9 cases. Serum maximum level 121.0 mug/ml. CSF maximum level 2.30 mug/ml. Serum mean level 20.08 mug/ml. CSF mean level 0.67 mug/ml. 4) 1 g 8 hours-intravenous drip. 3 cases. Serum maximum level 61.0 mug/ml. CSF maximum level 1.36 mug/ml. Serum mean level 14.78 mug/ml. CSF mean level 0.47 mug/ml. Cephalothin treated cases, 12 cases. 1) 1 g 8 hours-intravenous drip, 4 cases. In fact we could detect the drug only in one case, in CSF, and we could not in other three cases. In KF - 4 case, serum maximum concentration was 26.0 mug/ml, CSF maximum concentration was 0.07 mug/ml. Serum mean level 16.97 mug/ml. CSF mean level 0.01 mug/ml 2) 2 g 1 hour-intravenous drip, 9 cases. Serum maximum level 690.0 mug/ml. CSF maximum level 2.03 mug/ml. Serum mean level 29.59 mug/ml. CSF mean level 0.06 mug/ml. In cephaloridine cases, the tendency was observed, that which, as concentration of the drug in CSF increased, cell count and protein decreased, and, as concentration of the drug decreased, cell count and protein increased. CSF/serum concentration ratio of Cephaloridine increased, when time passed, in intramuscular, 3 minutes intravenous, and 1 hour-intravenous drip group. Then only in 8-hours-intravenous prip group. Then only in 8-hours-intravenous drip group, concentration ratio decreased. In Cephaloridine group, mean value of CSF/serum ratio showed. 1 g i.m. 0.084 1 g 3 minutes-i.v. 0.098 1 g 1 hour-i.v. 0.194 1 g 8 hours-i.v. 0.044. PMID- 1239675 TI - [Case report: Aneurysm of the Rt-vertebral artery which terminates as the Rt posterior inferior cerebellar artery (author's transl]. AB - A case aneurysm of the Rt-vertebral artery which terminates as the Rt-posterior inferior cerebellar artery is reported. It belongs to rare anomalies that one of two vertebral arteries terminates as the posterior inferior cerebellar artery of the same side, though various anomalies arise very often in a vertebral artery system. Such an anomaly had been recognized in approximately 0.2% among vertebral angiographies. We had experienced 4 such anomalous cases among 501 vertebral angiographies which had been performed in our neurosurgery clinic from the beginning of 1967 to the end of June of 1973. A case among them had an aneurysm at a distal portion, the other one had a tumor. The process of the origin of such an anomaly is briefly discussed. PMID- 1239676 TI - [Bilateral giant carotid aneurysm in the cavernous sinus with a carotid-cavernous fistula on one side, case report (author's transl)]. AB - Since Sir Gilbert Blane's report of a case in the year 1800, bilateral aneurysms of the internal carotid artery within the cavernous sinus of nontraumatic origin are extremely rare. In reviewing literatures, only 22 cases have been described, including the present case (Table 1). We are reporting our own case in which carotid angiograms revealed the presence of bilateral giant aneurysms with a carotid-cavernous fistula on one side, and discussed briefly with reference to its clinical features, radiological observations and treatment. (case report) M.R, a woman aged 78, was admitted on May 15, 1973, with a complaint of sudden onset of right supra- and periorbital headache and a loud bruit about 2 months previously. She became aware of ptosis of the right eyelid and prominence of the right eyeball. The carotid arteriogram showed bilateral giant aneurysms in the region of the cavernous sinus (Fig 2, Fig. 3). A carotid cavernous fistula due to the ruptured giant aneurysm was seen on the right and poor filling of the right anterior and middle cerebral artery was also observed (Fig. 2). An attempt was made to close the fistula by using propelling method (polyurethane foam emboli after Ohta's technique) with great success (Fig. 4). No special treatment was done to the left giant aneurysm. She is now in good condition 7 months after discharge. PMID- 1239677 TI - [Editorial: Death, be not proud]. PMID- 1239678 TI - [Angioma of the spinal cord-surgical technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239679 TI - [RI-cisternography of traumatic pneumocephalus (author's transl)]. AB - A radionuclide, when injected intrathecally, normally does not enter into the ventricle system. In our three cases of intra cerebral-ventricular pneumocephalus the radionuclide entered into the ventricle and concentrated in the cyst. Such an abnormal movement of the radionuclide was generally caused by the obstruction of subarachnoid space and the increased C.S.F. absorption in the enlarged ventricle. Under consideration of the pre-and post-operative cisternograms of our three cases we examined the principal factor which brought on the abnormal movement of a radionuclide. Each principal factor was the excessive C.S.F. rhinorrohea in the first case, the increased C.S.F. absorption in the enlarged ventricle and the cyst in the third case. An analysis of our three cases shows that the accumulation of radionuclide into the ventricle system is not necessarily due to the obstruction of subarachnoid space, but also due to more C.S.F. absorption in the ventricle system than that in the subarachnoid space. PMID- 1239680 TI - Penetration of 99mTcO4- into cerebrospinal fluid from blood on brain scintigraphy (author's transl). AB - It is well known that the permeability of the blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier changes more or less in various diseases of the central nervous system. At present, thee is no clinically available index which reflects the alteration of the permeability of the blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The brain scintiraphy is an examination which detects a breakdown in the blood brain barrier, its clinical usefullness is limited only in a localized and extremely pathological proces of the brain. In this report, a cerebrospinala fluid isotope measurement comined with the brain scintigraphy was presented as a clinical examination for blood brain barrier function. Thirty minutes prior to brain scintigraphy, potassium perchlorate (4 mg/kg) was given orally to reduce the accumulation of 99mTc04-in the choroid plexus and to minimize iradiation for tr other organs. Spinal tap was performed two hours after injection of 99mTc04- according to Haines's method... PMID- 1239681 TI - [Melanoma of the spinal cord in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A case of spinal cord melanoma at the level of C2 was reported. A 27-year-old house-wife, in the 8th month of an uncomplicated pregnancy, complained of motor weakness and sensory impairment in the left arm. Then, left lower limb and right upper and lower limbs were gradually involved and she suffered from tetraplegia when she was first admitted to our hospital about two months after the beginning of her symptoms. Neurological and roentogenological examination revealed an upper cervical intradural extramedullary tumor, and laminectomy from C1 to C4 was performed. The tumor was totally removed and diagnosed as a melanocytic melanoma histopathologically. Postoperatively, she had complete recovery. In order to exclude the possibility of a metastatic melanoma, the patient was seen in repeated consultations by dermatology, gastro-enterology, otorhinolaryngology, urology and gynecology services. But, there was no evidence of pigmented lesions anywhere, so we considered this case as a primary melanoma of the spinal cord clinically. Finally, a brief discussion about correlation between the melanoma and the pregnancy was added. PMID- 1239682 TI - [Chronic spinal epidural abscess (author's transl)]. AB - A case of 58 year old female with chronic spinal epidural abscess demonstrating rapid progression of complete spinal cord paralysis without remarkable recovery by laminectomy was reported. Patient had a large subcutaneous abscess on left back, ten years ago. Three months before admission she fell down from stairs and had a compression fracture on the seventh thoracic vertebra. She has been troubled with slight spinal ache and left lower back pain since the fall accident. One month before admission she suddenly noted severe lower back pain with radiation to left side and the pain became more severe. Three weeks after she noted fecal retention without urinary retention. Five days before admission she noted gait disturbance accompanied by numbness of both foots. Three days later she developed inability to urinate and the same day, over the coure of a few hours, she became total paraplegia and anesthesia below the waist. On admission neurological examination and myelography disclosed complete spinal subarachnoid block with flaccid total paraplegia and anesthesia below the lower chest. The clinical diagnosis was spinal epidural mass lesion, probably neoplasm. Laminectomy from Th-6 through Th-9 was performed the next day: three days after complete paralysis. The epidural abscess included pus and soft granulation tissue was found and totally removed. Staphylococcus aureus sensitive to penicillin, chloramphenicol etc. was isolated on becteriologic culture. On seven months after operation, sensory and deep reflexes were considrable improved, but she remained paraplegic without sphincter control. Dicussion were made on the incidence, pathogenesis. PMID- 1239683 TI - [External carotid-basilar anastomosis: case report (author's transl)]. AB - The occipital-vertebral anastomosis is one of the anastomotic channels between the external carotid system and the intracranial vessels. In this paper, we have reported a large, left external carotid-basilar anastomosis which was incidentally revealed in a patient with left hemiparesis due to arteriosclerotic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. A 55-year-old man suddenly developed left hemiparesis without headache, unconsciousness or vomiting on the morning of January 15, 1973. When he was referred to our service on April 11, the noticeable neurological findings were left hemiparesis and left homonymous hemianopsia. The right carotid angiogram revealed occlusion of the internal carotid artery associated with collateral channels from the external carotid artery. Also a segment of the vertebral artery was visualized via the muscular branch of the occipital artery. In the left carotid angiogram, the posterior circulation was markedly visualized throught the left vertebral artery originating from the external carotid artery trunk. This anastomotic vessel had a large branch with constant caliber leading to the occipital fossa. But the posterior cerebral artery was directly visualized from the internal carotid artery without connection to the basilar artery. Repeated bilateral brachial angiograms revealed hypoplasis of the vertebral arteries. It was suggested that the persistent external carotid-basilar anastomosis might be constantly associated with hypoplasia or aplasia of the bilateral vertebral arteries. PMID- 1239684 TI - [Rupture of intracranial aneurysm due to cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of rupture of intracranial aneurysm by angiography which was done four hours after the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case; A thirty-one year old male patient was brought to our outpatient's clinic by ambulance because of conscious loss and convulsive seizure on Feb. 5th, 1974. Lumbar puncture showed grossly hemorrhage in the CSF. Immediately he was hospitalized and administered anticonvulsants, hypotensive drugs, antibrinolytic agents and corticosteroid. His signs and symptoms on admission were mild headache, nausea, nuchal rigidity, anisocoria (right greater than left) and left hyper reflexia. This attach was his second. (He first noted the bleeding attack on January 30, 1974). Four hours after this attack cerebral angiography was done under local anesthesia with heavy premedication. Puncture of common carotid arteries were uneventful. Three injections of 60% Conray, at the dose of 8 ml each, were performed and three films were taken. Few minutes after injections, he suddenly became unconscious and ceased respiration for a few seconds. Blood pressure was 210 mmHg at systolic, although 120 mmHg two minutes before. Immediately resuscitation started. His respiration reappeared within 0.5 minute and his vital signs gradually improved. We stopped examination. When returned to his bed, right pupil dilated and optic fundi showed bleeding bilaterally. Arteriography showed a large dumbbell shaped aneurysm at the trification of the right middle cerebral artery but no finding of hematoma (Fig. 1). We decided emergency operation at once. When started the operation his both sides pupil dilated, B.P. was very low. OPERATION: Right side large frontolateral craniectomy was done. Large subdural hematoma (Fig. 2), severe diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fig. 3) and intracerebral hematoma were found. Aneurysmal neck clipping was successfully done. POSTOPERATIVE COURSE: His level of consciousness was semicomatous. But gradually his state deteriorated and died one week after the operation. AUTOPSY: There was severe edema in both sides cerebrum. The brain stem, especially interbrain, and pons, had fallen into softening, so called respirator brain. This complication of angiography is very rare. This case is the 24th reported case of the ruptured aneurysm by angiography. PMID- 1239685 TI - [Operative procedures of epidural hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239686 TI - [Four cases of ectopic pinealoma with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy (author's transl)]. AB - The 6 cases of brain tumor with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy in which 4 cases were experienced in our institute and 2 cases were found in literature were studied in this paper. The specific character which was common in 6 cases were observed in their clinical course and the findings of clinical examinations. The histopathological study was proceeded with a autopsy case to observe the correlation between brain tumor and the ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy. As the result of it, we discussed the mechanism of appearance of the ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy due to brain tumor in the thalamic region. 1) All six cases were very young in which the age of onset was between 8 to 14 years old, 11 years 8 months old in average. 2) Their clinical course was relatively chronic. The period from onset to first admission was between 1 year 2 months to 4 years, 2 years and 1 month in average. 3) The declining of school work and hemiparesis were recognized as the primary sign of their onset. Main symptoms were hemiparesis, dementia, character and emotional change, and abnormal behavior, but sign of increased intracranial pressure was not observed. 4) The findings of carotid angiogram and pneumoence-phalogram showed ipsilateral hemiatrophy on the tumor side. 5) The brain tumor localized in the thalamic region and its surroundings which was common with all six cases. 6) Histopathological diagnosis was pinealoma, and 3 autopsy cases were ectopic pinealoma and the other 3 cases were suspected too as ectopic pinealoma. 7) In our autopsy case, ipsilateral cortical and subcortical atrophy with ectopic pinealoma was observed. As the pathological findins, degeneration and destruction of ganglion cells, demyelination in the subcortex and damage of axon were observed. These findings suggested that the ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy was induced by Waller's and retrograde degeneration as the result of the secondary damages of the thalamic ganglion cells and the afferent and efferent nerve fibers, due to invasive tumor into thalamic region. PMID- 1239687 TI - [Hydrodynamic of the C.S.E. under experimental occlusion of superior sagittal sinus (author's transl)]. AB - It is recognized that absorption of C.S.F. occurs mainly at the superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid villi after study of the Retzius (1875) and Weed (1914). We are interested in C.S.F. circulation and pathway on the obstructed superior sagittal sinus. At the border of middle one third and posterior one third of the superior sagittal sinus was obstructed experimentally. 1. When evans blue 0.5 to 1.0 ml was injected into lateral ventricle or cisterna magna, the evans blue was recognized on basal surface in either normal and obstructed dog of the superior sagittal sinus. Evans blue stained the convexity of normal dog, however, did not stain the convexity in the dog of obstructed superior sagittal sinus contrally. This was caused by the disturbance of C.S.F. circulation toward superior sagittal sinus. On the intraventricular injection of evans blue, it infiltrated into parenchym from ventripcle due to C.S.F. circulatory disturbance. 2. Study of radioactivity in the peripheral blood after intracisternal or intraventricular injection of RISA 100 muCi revealed that the radioactivity in the blood lowered with day after obstruction of superior sagittal sinus comparing with normal dogs. 3. Macroautoradiography after intracisternal or intraventricular injection of P 2mCi showed lower RI activity at the convexity, but increased activity at the basal brain in the obstructed dogs of superior sagittal sinus. These results showed that C.S.F. in normal dog was absorbed through the brain surface, expecially the basal surface of brain, other than through the superior sagittal sinus. Absorption of C.S.F. through the convexity of brain was disturbed significantly in the obstructed dogs of superior sagittal sinus. C.S.F. absorption into peripheral blood decreased in chronic stage after occlusion of surperior sagittal sinus and it suggested that the absorptive function of C.S.F. through the basal surface of brain was restricted. PMID- 1239688 TI - [Experimental Subarachnoid hemmorrhage in dogs--effect of various drugs and sympathectomy on cerebral arterial spasm (author's transl)]. AB - Adult mongrel dogs were used. The posterior communicating artery was punctured with a fine needle and subarachnoid hemorrhage was produced, which simulated aneurysmal rupture in human. The cerebral basal arteries were constricted remarkably after the puncture. However this vasospasm disappeared in about 60-120 minutes. After this restoration, the vessels began to be constricted again and reduced their diameter in greater degree with lapse of time. Effect of various drugs and sympathectomy on the experimental spasm induced by this method were studied utilizing the magnified vertebral angiography. The drugs used were papverine, isoxuprine, methysergide, phentolamine and propranolol. One of these drugs was given to each dog into the vertebral artery 15 minutes after the puncture of the artery for study of the early spasm, and the same procedure was carried out 24 hours after the late spasm. Vertebral arteriograms were taken immediately after and at 5, 10 and 30 minutes after injection of the drug. Diameter changes of the cerebral basal arteries were measured on the film. Smooth muscle relaxtants, papaverine and isoxsuprine, were effective on relieving the early and the late spasm. An antiserotonin agent, methysergide, relieved slightly the early spasm, but it had no effect on the late spasm. Phentolamine, that is an adrenergic blocking agent, relieved the early spam remarkably, but it was less effective on the late spam. A beta adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, was effective on relieving neither the early nor the late spasm. Two weeks after the removal of the bilateral upper cervical ganglia, subarachnoid hemorrhage was produced by the smae method as mentioned above in four dogs. Arteriograms taken 24 hours after puncture of the posterior communicating artery in these dogs showed vasoconstriction as same as in the non-sympathectomized dogs. From these experimental results, it was suggested that an etiological difference in the early and the late spasm may exist, and that the occurence of the late spasm may not be influenced by the sympathetic system. PMID- 1239689 TI - [An attempt of electrothrombosis of carotid-cavernous fistula (author's transl)]. AB - The patient was 50 year-old female who was admitted to our department on June 13, 1973 complaining of left conjunctival injection and ipsilateral exophthalmos. Visual acuity of her right eye had been lost almost completely due to the previous ocular injury. Ophthalmological examination revealed left conjunctival injection, slight ipsilateral proptosis but pulsation of eye ball, chemosis and bruit were not so obvious. She had a visual acuity of 1.2 on her left eye. Left intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg while right was normal. Left CAG revealed a left carotid-cavernous fistula with anterior, posterior, inferior venous drainage. Temporal craniotomy was done and copper needles were inserted into the posterior part of Parkinson's triangle. An angiogram after operation demonstrated the persistency of the anterior and posterior venous drainage. 6 weeks later, electrothrombosis of left superior ophthalmic vein was carried out. After that, carotid-cavernous fistula disappeared perfectly. Important points of the surgical technique are; 1) to apply a silverclip to the tentorial edge just posterior to the third nerve, than anatomical realtionship of internal carotid artery, cavernous sinus and the clip applied are carefully investigated on the subsequent angiograms. 2) to repeat angiography several titate of embolization of cavernous sinus should often be checked. PMID- 1239690 TI - [Meningioma of foramen magnum--report of two dases and review of reference: its clinical manifestations (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of the spinocranial type of meningioma of the foramen magnum are presented with review of references, its clinical manifestations and surgical consideration. The clinical syndrome is stereotyped, but the patients with occipital or cervical pain, stiff neck, muscle weakness of the upper and lower limbs and disturbance of gait, which may be called "Foramen Magnum Syndrome", should always be suspected of having a mass lesion in the upper cervical or foramen magnum. Myelography is of prime importance in confirming the diagnosis and when preformed with care and understanding of the anatomy without fearing of losing the contrast material into the basilar cisterns, the myelographic examination is not difficult. We also stress the importance of preoperative vertebral angiographic study as well as myelographic study, because of the initimate relationship of the meningioma of the foramen magnum with the vertebral artery. PMID- 1239691 TI - [Acute subdural hygroma in the posterior fossa (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of acute or subacute subdural hygromas in the posterior fossa were reported. All showed suboccipital skull fractures radiologically. Two cases of acute subdural hygromas were encounteded during the fiscal year from 1972 to 1973 at Toritsu Toshima Hospital. In the same period 254 patients with head injuries were admitted here and 106 demonstrated skull fractures. Among these 24 exhibited fractures in the suboccipital region. Among these 24 cases 8 showed signs and symptoms of space-occupying lesions in the posterior fossa and were confirmed later surgically (7 cases) or by autopsy (1 case), namely; three extradural hematomas, two acute subdural hygromas as mentioned above, three subdural hematomas with cerebellar contusions. Preoperative courses in these three acute subdural hygomas as well as three subdural hematomas were summarized as follows:lucid interval was followed by severe nuchal pain and rapid downhill course and finally by coma and panea. Retrograde brachial angiographies were performed in cases. The findings were not contributary to locate mass lesions, in three cases, partly because of delayed or faint filling of vessels caused by compression with hematoma or acute subdural hygroma. In short, differential diagnosis between subdural hematoma and subdural hygroma was difficult preoperating. Postoperatively, courses of subdural hematomas were poor or even fatal. On the contrary, patients of acute subdural hygromas showed rapid clinical improvement after evacuation of xanthochromic fluid. The authors stressed that suboccipital craniectomy should be performed as soon as possible to the patients with sugoccipital fractures when vital signs became progressively worse even if little findings were obtained by carotid angiographies. Subdural hygromas in the posterior fossa may have been present in those fatal cases where autopsy finds neither contusion nor hemorrhage but only brain edema or swelling. PMID- 1239692 TI - [Subarachnoid hemmorrhage and aneurysmal change of cerebral arteries due to metastases of chorioepithelioma (author's transl)]. AB - An episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage was seen on a 22-year-old married woman, which followed vaginal spotting and convulsive seizure. The neurological examination revealed bilateral papilledema, retinal hemorrhage, neck stiffness, Kernig's sign abducens paresis on the right. The chest X-ray film showed a spherical mass lesion in the right lung. The pelvic examination disclosed no pathological findings, however, HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the urine increased significantly. Intracranial metastasis of chorioepithelioma was the tentative diagnosis at the admission and the right caroid angiography was performed, which demonstrated a fusiform aneruysm of the right middle cerebral artery beside arterial shift indicating a metastatic mass lesion in the parietal lobe. At surgery the tumor was removed and the arterial change was resected. Histologically the tumor was verified and the aneurysm was produced by metastasis of the tumor to the intima and interruption of the internal elastic membrane. She was placed on the anticarcinogenic agent and later the mass lesion in the chest was operated and irradiated. The postoperative carotid angiography showed another berry-shaped aneurysm arising from the right calloso-marginal artery. After the serial treatment with Actinomycin D the aneurysm disappeared completely and the arterial branch distal to the aneurysm was thrombosed. The patient is still alive 3 years after the onset of illness. An emphasis was placed that the neurosurgeon should be aware of cerebrovascular changes due to metastasis of the chorioepithelioma while making diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage of the female patients who belong to the reproductive age. Intracranial aneurysmal change due to metastatic infiltration to the arterial wall was reported. PMID- 1239693 TI - [A giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery treated by intracranial direct surgery--with a special reference to the anatomical relationship between the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - There have been a few reports about intracranial giant aneurysms treated by intracranial direct approaches. Especially, for giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery, direct operation has been thought to be difficult to perform because of the anatomical particularity and the danger of rupture during surgery. So the cervical carotid ligation has frequently been indicated. However, the carotid ligation does not relieve the symptoms caused by the giant aneurysm as an "intracranial mass lesion". The authors have reported here, a cured case of a giant aneurysm of the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid artery, to which, as the first step, ligation of the internal carotid artery in the cervical region was performed, and as the second step, endaneurysmorrhaphy was carried out for the remaining symptoms caused by the "intracranial mass lesion". Furthermore, the surgical techniques for treatment of giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery were discussed citing literatures, and the authors concluded that the combined operation of carotid ligation and endane-urysmorrhaphy could be effective to giant aneurysms in this region. Meanwhile, a new concept concerning the anatomy of the carotid-cavernous region already proposed by Bedford, was confirmed by our observation at operation. It may be considered that the intracranial direct approach to aneurysms in this region and also to carotid cavernous fistulae should more frequently be indicated than ever performed, according to the new concept of the anatomy in this region. PMID- 1239694 TI - Changes in the serum levels of the gonadotrophins progesterone and estradiol during the estrous cycle of the guinea pig. PMID- 1239695 TI - The effects of litter size on plasma corticosterone and prolactin response to ether stress in the lactating rat. AB - Lactating female rats reared litters consisting of 4, 8 or 12 pups. At weaning (21 days) females were removed from their maternity cages and exposed to a 1-min ether stress followed by heart puncture. The animals were then isolated and 14 min after the termination of ether stress blood was collected by decapitation. Plasma prolactin and corticosterone were assayed in the blood collected from heart puncture, and in the 14-min stress blood. Boer stress showed a significant linear increase with increasing litter size. The 14-min values of corticosterone were inversely related to litter size. The results are consistent with a prolactinmediated 'buffering' of the corticosterone stress response in the lactating rat. PMID- 1239696 TI - Pituitary and plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactine in the immature female rat following administration of pregnant mares' serum. AB - 28-day-old female rats were killed at increasing time periods after the injection of either 30 IU pregnant mares' serum (pms) or saline, and pituitary and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Hormone concentrations were measured at intervals up to one week following injection with frequent measurements made on the afternoon preceding ovulation to better characterize and evaluate the PMS-treated immature rat as an ovulation model. Peaks in both plasma LH and prolactin occurred on the afternoon preceding ovulation. Pituitary LH was found to decrease and again increase during this afternoon period before falling to a low value on the morning following ovulation. Pituitary prolactin increased to an early afternoon maximum value, fell to a low value by late afternoon, and increased again by the morning following ovulation. Saline-treated immature female rats displayed fluctuation in plasma and pituitary LH and prolactin similar to but smaller than the afternoon changes found in PMS-treated rats. Pituitary weights were significantly greater in PMS-treated rats on the afternoon preceding ovulation. The hormonal changes encountered in the PMS-treated rat prior to ovulation appear to be similar to those encountered in the proestrous cycling female rat, although more study is necessary to validate this system as a model of spontaneous ovulation in the adult animal. The data suggest that PMS causes ovulation in immature rats by amplifying or synchronizing existing hormonal rhythms. PMID- 1239697 TI - Serotonergic involvement with neuroleptic catalepsy. PMID- 1239698 TI - [Menarche and menstruation disorders in girls with birth weight lower than 2500 grams]. PMID- 1239699 TI - [Spasmolytic therapy with Sistalgin in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 1239700 TI - [Tonographic and gonioscopic studies in allergic iridocyclitis of streptococcal etiology]. PMID- 1239701 TI - [State of the vessels of the retina in inflammatory diseases of the uvea]. PMID- 1239702 TI - Cellular injury and cell proliferation in skin carcinogenesis by UV light. AB - The effects on mouse skin of varying doses of light from a high-voltage mercury lamp were compared to the alterations occurring after repeated light applications from a carbon-arc xenon sunlamp. A single dose of UV light at a carcinogenic wavelength caused necrosis and ulceration, followed by scarring, but failed to produce tumors. In the case of repeated small doses, the neoplastic response was predominantly epithelial, resulting in formation of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Increasing the dose caused formation of fibromas and fibrosarcomas of the ear. However, repeated applications of UV light having a spectrum similar to sunlight failed to induce tumors. In these studies, only animals showing initially destructive lesions ultimately presented tumor formation, while the hyperplasia induced by UV irradiation showed no relationship to neoplastic transformation. The results emphasize the significance of dose and wavelength in evaluating effects of UV-light skin carcinogenesis. PMID- 1239703 TI - Aural pathohistology in leukemia. AB - Three clinical histories of leukemia are followed by their related histopathological findings, the latter through the sequence of hemorrhage, leukemic infiltration, organization to connective tissue, suppuration, formation of new bone, degeneration into cholesterol granuloma. PMID- 1239704 TI - Human nasal epithelium and cellular elements in chronic allergic rhinitis. Electron-microscopic study. AB - The fine structure of human nasal respiratory epithelium and tunical cellular elements was studied in 15 chronic allergic patients. The epithelium showed characteristic morphological details suggestive of oedematous infiltration occurring in these cases. Eosinophils, mast cells and plasma cells showed ultrastructural changes explaining the role played by each of them in allergic rhinopathies. PMID- 1239706 TI - Proceedings: Painful ophtalmoplegia. PMID- 1239705 TI - IgE and IgE antibody to mite in nasal fluid. AB - The levels of total IgE and IgE antibodies to mite per unit quantity of nasal fluid were successfully determined by our special method of collecting nasal fluid. The mean value of IgE was 80 +/- 101 U/ml, and that of IgE Ab 1.45 +/- 1.29/ml (RAST score) in NF. Nasal IgE concentration was approximately one twenthieth of serum IgE on the average, and nasal IgE Ab to mite was one half of serum IgE. The IgE Ab/IgE ratio was nine times greater in NF (0.0181) than in serum (0.0022). The concentration of IgE Ab to mite was very well correlated between serum and NF (correlation coefficient of 0.83), while that of IgE was not (coefficient of 0.51). IgE Ab to mite was also well correlated to IgE (coefficient of 0.78) in NF while it was not in serum (coefficient of 0.48). The correlation coefficient of nasal/serum IgA was 0.41; that of IgE/IgA in NF was 0.31; and that of IgE/total protein in NF was also 0.31. The possibility of local production and secretion of IgE Ab to specific allergen is discussed in detail. PMID- 1239708 TI - Proccedings: Necessity of staging in the combined tympanoplasty in cholesteatoma. PMID- 1239707 TI - Proceedings: Method to determine the function of the eustachian tube. PMID- 1239709 TI - Proceedings: Preservation of hearing in children with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma formation. PMID- 1239710 TI - Proceedings: Hearing loss due to gentamicin therapy. PMID- 1239711 TI - Proceedings: Autonomic innervation of the nasal mucosa. PMID- 1239712 TI - Proceedings: A continuously adjustable rotating room for vestibular research. PMID- 1239713 TI - [Clinical study of the domestic antineoplastic antibiotic actinomycin D in chorioepithelioma]. PMID- 1239714 TI - [Study of some energetic indices of the uterus of rats in various phases of the estral cycle]. PMID- 1239715 TI - [Replacement blood transfusion in newborns]. PMID- 1239716 TI - [Sarcoma of the parametrium]. PMID- 1239717 TI - Organochlorine pesticide residies in human milk, Western Australia--1970-71. AB - Milk samples from 22 nursing mothers in the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia, have shown the presence of DDT, DDE, dieldrin, and HCB in amounts consistent with similar surveys in other countries. Although mean values tend to be slightly lower than expected, their wide range, 0.002-0.025 ppm for DDT, suggests that a much larger sample should be examined to obtain a more accurate mean. This view is supported by values obtained in another survey of the same area. PMID- 1239718 TI - Activation of electrogenic sodium pump in mammalian skeletal muscle by external cations. AB - The effect of change of the external ionic composition on "Na-loaded" and "K depleted" soleus muscle fibres of K-deficient rats was investigated by recording resting membrane potentials. The addition of K, Rb, Cs and NH4 ions to K-free Krebs solution bathing "Na-rich" muscles resulted in a rapid hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization was abolished by removing the above cations, cooling to ca. 4 degrees C, and adding 0.1 mM ouabain. The effectiveness of cations for activating the electrogenic Na pump was Rb greater than or equal to K greater than NH4 greater than Cs, and NH4 ions seemed to be unique in their stimulating action. The resting cell membrane of "Na-rich" muscles is permeable to cations in the order of Rb = K greater than Cs greater than NH4. Reducing Na ions in Krebs solution had no effect on the rate of Na-pumping in "Na-rich" muscle fibres at a given K concentration. It is concluded that the external K ions could be replaced by Rb, Cs and NH4 ions in activating the electrogenic Na pump in "Na-rich" soleus muscle fibres, but that the electrogenic Na pump in this tissue does not require the external Na ions. PMID- 1239719 TI - Circulatory and respiratory adaptation in man to acute withdrawal and reinfusion of blood. AB - In eight healthy men 950 g of blood (12.2 17.6% of the blood volume) was withdrawn and reinfused after about half an hour. Respiration and circulation were studied by analyses of expiratory gas, blood gases and data from right heart catheterization. On hemorrhage oxygen uptake and cardiac output decreased by 10 and 28%, repectively; both varied indirectly with the blood loss. The pressures in the right ventricle, pulmonary and systemic arteries fell without relation to the cardiac output. Mean heart rate did not change significantly, but a moderate positive covariation (P less than 0.05) between heart rate and arterial blood pressure was found during bleeding. This result was confirmed by the relative bradycardia noted in the period prior to reinfusion. On refilling of the bood the oxygen uptake and the pulmonary arterial pressures increased above the initial value. The heart rate varied directly with the arterial pressure also during reinfusion. The observations demonstrate a depression of the metabolism and circulation on moderate hemorrhage. Part of these effects is tentatively referred to a lowered set point of the arterial baroreflexes. PMID- 1239720 TI - Active amino-acid and sugar uptake by gall bladder epithelium in dog, guinea-pig and man. AB - Slices of dog gall bladder are capable of accumulating amino-acids and sugars against considerable concentration gradients across the luminal membrane of the cell. The epithelium of the common bile duct also absorbs these substrates. The transport systems are sodium-dependent, saturable and inhibited by ouabain and metabolic poisons. The specificity of the mechanisms is more reminiscent of kidney than of intestinal transport. Glycine is preferentially transported across dog gall bladder from the mucosa to the serosa, but the net flux is small. It is concluded that the contraluminal membrane of the epithelial cell might be relatively impermeable to the amino-acid. concentrative uptake also occurs in guinea-pig gall bladder; however it appears to be practically non-existent in rabbit tissue. Human gall bladders, obtained at random from the operating room, also displayed active accumulation. The gall bladder epithelium is remarkably resistant to anoxia. Furthermore, following obstruction of the common bile duct for 2 weeks in dogs, the gall bladder is still able to concentrate amino-acids and sugars, but the extent of the uptake is significantly reduced. PMID- 1239721 TI - Length-tension diagram and force-velocity relations of mammalian cardiac muscle under steady-state conditions. AB - Length-tension diagrams and force-velocity relations of isolated cat papillary muscles were measured under strictly stationary conditions: any analysis of isometric mechanograms was carried out only in stable isometric beats; each measurement in beats under any condition different from the isometric one was determined in the very first contraction after a period of stabilization under isometric conditions. The length-tension diagrams show a clear distinction between isometric and isotonic length-tension curves. Force-velocity curves on the basis of afterloaded isotonic, as well as of damped quick-release contractions, could be satisfactorily approximated by a polynomial of the 5th order. Vmax estimated on the basis of afterloaded and of damped quick-releases in the course of isometric and isotonic contractions, was significantly dependent on preload. This is also valid in a range of muscle length which is regarded as physiological. PMID- 1239722 TI - Cesium induced rectifications in frog myelinated fibres. AB - Voltage clamp experiments done on nodes of Ranvier show that external application of Cesium blocks the inward but not the outward potassium currents. Internal application of Cs ions reduces the outward K-current and the inward K-current is not affected. These results support the hypotheses that K ions cross th- K channel after dehydration at superficial sites where competition may occur with Cs-ions. PMID- 1239723 TI - Determination of glomerular intracapillary and transcapillary pressure gradients from sieving data. II. A physiological study in the normal dog. AB - The two theoretical models proposed previously to calculate the intracapillary and transcapillary glomerular pressure gradients from the sieving of macromolecules such as PVP have been used to analyse in 22 normotensive dogs the sieving curve relating the sieving coefficients, phi, to molecular size (phi: glomerular clearance of PVP fractions/GFR). Neither the "local c2" model-filtrate unmixed at the outer face of the capillaries walls--nor the constant c2 model filtrate well mixed--allowed to obtain realistic values for the hemodynamical parameters. Indeed with the local c2 model, the best fit between calculated and experimental sieving curves could be obtained only by reversing the intracapillary pressure gradient; conversely the constant c2 model obliged to decrease the intracapillary pressure so abruptly along the capillaries, that retrofiltration took place in the distal parts of the vessels. This difficulty has been overcome by combining the two models; the so-called "hybrid model" considers that the filtrate is well mixed in the vicinity of the urinary pole only. The following results were obtained: 1. PGCa and PGCe (intracapillary pressures at the afferent and efferent extremities of the capillaries) equal to 49.7 +/- 1.03 and 41.8 +/- 1.00 mm Hg respectively. 2. Pressure equilibrium is generally reached at the efferent extremity of the vessels. 3. The slope of PGC (see article) varies inversely to FF. (filtration fraction). 4. The model, however, does not allow to rule out the possibility of retrofiltration. PMID- 1239724 TI - Creep after loading in relaxed and contracted (KC1 or K2SO4 depolarized) smooth muscle (taenia coli of the guinea pig). AB - 1. The time course of creep in the taenia coli of the guinea pig was recorded during 2000 sec (33 min 20 sec) in the relaxed (Ca2+-free bath solution with verapamil) and contracted (KCl or K2SO4 depolarized) states. 2. The variations in initial length before loading (l0), immediate elastic extension after loading (lE), and creep (N) were standardized with respoect to volume (cm/cm3) and compared among the different states. 3. Immediate elastic extension (lE) and particularly creep after 2000 sec (N2000) are minimal in the relaxed and maximal in the K2SO4-contracted state. The values in the KCl-contracted state are probably affected by intracellular swelling. Statistically, there is a significant difference between the overall length (l0 + lE + N2000) in the relaxed and in the K2SO4-contracted state when creep ends. 4. The hyperbolic relation of N to dN/dt representing the time course of creep mentioned in an earlier paper is reconfirmed for the relaxed as well as for the contracted state. 5. The parameters of the equation giving this relation are calculated from the experimental data. They characterize elastic properties and inner friction during creep. It is shown that the parameters of inner friction diminish more than those characterizing the elastic properties if the preparation is changed from the relaxed into the contracted state by K2SO4-depolarization. 6. In the discussion further evidence is given that not only changes in the diameter of the preparation but also changes of the intracellular elements must be responsible for the altered time course of creep during contraction. PMID- 1239725 TI - Blood flow in mesenteric, hepatic portal and renal portal veins of chickens. AB - Blood flows were determined by electromagnetic probes placed upon the posterior vena cava (PVC), coccygeomesenteric vein (COCMV), mesenteric vein (MV), and hepatic portal vein (PV) of white Leghorn males. Blood flow in ml/min of non fasted, unanesthetized males were as follows: (see article). Withholding food for 24 hrs decreased flow significantly only in the MV and PVC. Anesthesia decreased flow in PVC, PV and COCMV. After ligation of PVC, blood was shunted from caudal areas and renal portal circulation to COCMV and liver. Ligation of PV caused a diversion of flow to renal portal circulation and an increase in PVC flow and a reversal of direction of flow in COCMV. PMID- 1239726 TI - Antagonistic effects upon cutaneous circulation of muscular excercise and exposure to a high ambient temperature. AB - Measurements were made in man of heart rate (Fc), arterial blood pressure (Pa), cutaneous blood flow (Z) (by plethysmography of the hand) as well as variation sin venous volume (deltaV) in the course of muscular exercise of 70 Watts intensity corresponding from 48% to 60% of the maximal oxygen consumtion of the subjects. These exercises were carried out at ambient temperatures of 22 degrees and 29 degrees C. for 8 min. In every case, an initial lowering of the Q and deltaV followed by a progressive climb was found. The average maximal reduction in output was virtually identical at 22 degrees and 29 degrees C (4.10 +/- 2.05 and 4.00 +/- 2.31 ml/min. 100 cm3). But the average maximal fall in volume turned out to be less at 29 degrees C (0.30 +/- 0.40 ml/100 cm3) than at 22 degrees C (0.60 +/- 0.60 ml/100 cm3). The resistive sector of cutaneous circulation conserves the same vasomotor capacities at the two ambient temperatures studied; the cutaneous capacitive sector shows lower reactivity at the higher ambient temperature. This would suggest that diminished venous return may be partially responsible for poor tolerance to exercise in warm climates. PMID- 1239727 TI - Blood affinity for oxygen in experimental hemorrhagic shock with metabolic acidosis. AB - This study was designed to evaluate, in vivo, the effect of a severe non respiratory acidosis on hemoglobin oxygen transport. Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, Bohr effect, Hill's number and red cell 2,3-DPG were evaluated during experimental hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Three periods were considered: control, hypotension (mean arterial pressure 60 mm Hg for 2 hr 30 min) and blood replacement. There was no significant change in erythrocyte 2,3-DPG following hemorrhagic hypotension but ATP increased significantly. n, the Hill number (2.6), was not changed by in vivo acidosis (pH 7.1). Respiratory Bohr coefficient (BCO2) corresponding to pHe variations was drastically reduced (control BCO2 = 0.55, acidosis BCO2 = 0.31, blood replacement BCO2 = 0.35). P50(7.4) was not modified significantly by hemorrhagic acidosis. It is unlikely that variations of blood affinity for oxygen play a major role in oxygen delivery during early experimental hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 1239728 TI - Ventilation estimated from efferent phrenic nerve activity in the paralysed cat. AB - The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable method for obtaining information about "spontaneous respiration" in paralysed cats. Therefore action potentials from one of the phrenic nerves are recorded. In a spontaneously breathing animal, a CO2 rebreathing experiment is performed in order to obtain a relationship between phrenic nerve activity and tidal volume. This phrenic nerve activity is corrected for the noise measured during expiration and quantified proportional to the square root of the mean impulse rate of the whole nerve bundle. Thus, high correlation coefficients (0.95 or more) between phrenic nerve activity and tidal volume can be obtained. After paralysing the cat this relationship can be used to estimate "spontaneous tidal volume" from the phrenic nerve activity. It appears to be necessary to perform unilateral phrenicotomy on the nerve from which recordings are taken, because there is a condiserable amount of afferent signals in the phrenic nerve which is dependent on the stroke volume of the respirator, on the alveolar PCO2 and somewhat on the alveolar PO2. It is concluded that after vagotomy and phrenicotomy and if suitably quantified, the electrical activity in the phrenic nerve gives accurate information on "spontaneous ventilation" in a paralysed cat. PMID- 1239729 TI - Preganglionic C-fibres: a major component of the sacral autonomic outflow to the colon of the cat. AB - The sacral preganglionic pathways to the colon and urinary bladder of the cat were studied with electrophysiological techniques. Peak conduction velocities in preganglionic fibres to the colon ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 m/sec, whereas maximum velocities in the bladder pathway were between 8 to 10 m/sec. Thresholds for electrical stimulation of preganglionic axons to the colon were 7 to 10 times higher than thresholds for bladder efferents. It is concluded that the sacral parasympathetic inputs to the colon and bladder are composed, respectively, of non-myelinated and myelinated fibres. PMID- 1239730 TI - Intrarenal distribution of citrate in the dog during antidiuresis and diuresis. AB - The intrarenal distribution of citrate was evaluated in the dog during antidiuresis and osmotic diuresis, by using the specific citrate assay method of Moellering and Gruber. The measurements were made on tissue samples taken from four different regions throughout the kidney: cortex, outer and inner medulla, and papilla. During antidiuresis, a characteristic distribution of citrate was observed with highest levels in the papilla and lowest ones in the outer medulla. A medullary concentration gradient for citrate was found. Mannitol greatly decreased papillary citrate and sodium, but no changes in outer and inner medullary citrate occured. The results could not be explained by the citrate contained either in the trapped urine or blood in the tissue. It is suggested that citrate accumulation in the inner regions of renal medulla may be accounted for by countercurrent mechanisms or regional differences in renal citrate metabolism. PMID- 1239731 TI - Renin secretion at the individual nephron level. AB - Blood was collected from the descending aorta, from a renal efferent arteriole and from the renal vein of a rat. The renin concentrations of the blood samples were measured. The renal vein renin concentration was 673 +/- 81 (SE) ng ml-1h-1 which was significantly higher than the concentration in the aorta of 456 +/- 50 (SE) ng ml-1h-1. The concentration of renin in the renal efferent arteriole was significantly lower than that in the aorta. These observations imply that net renin secretion is a combination of two processes; removal between artery and efferent arteriole and entry between efferent arteriole and renal vein. It appears that renin is released into the interstitium and enters the circulation at the capillary level rather than being released into the afferent or efferent arterioles. This mode of secretion supports the suggestion that the renin angiotensin system may primarily work intra-renally rather than through the systemic circulation. PMID- 1239732 TI - Tubuloglomerular feedback in rat kidneys of different renin contents. AB - Variations in flow rate through the loop of Henle in the range of 0--50 nl/min were induced using pressure controlled microperfusion. Simultaneously, with the aid of a second pressure-microperfusionsystem, the glomerular function of the same nephron was studied by continuous measurement of two parameters, early proximal flow rate (EPFR) and/or stop flow pressure (SFP). Elevation of loop perfusion above physiological values (40 nl/min) resulted in a drop of EPFR and SFP, whereas lowering perfusion rates had no effect. This feedback behaviour was studied in kidneys with different renin contents to test the role of the renin angiotensin system in the mediation of the macula densa signal to the adjacent glomerular vessels. Renal renin content, measured after micropuncture experiments by incubation with substrate followed by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I, was unaltered in control (Ia) and heminephrectomized rats (Ib), lowered in contralateral kidneys of 2 kidneys Goldblatt hypertensive rats (IIa), in DOCA- and salt-loaded rats (IIb), and in DOCA-, salt-loaded and heminephrectomized rats (IIc), and it was evaluated in clipped kidneys of Goldblatt hypertension rats (IIIa). Micropuncture evaluation of the tubuloglomerular feedback behaviour in these experimental groups revealed the following results: 1. a feedback response under all conditions independent of the widely varying renin contents (1000 fold), 2. an asymmetrical behaviour of the feedback response in all kidneys as demonstrated by suppression of EPFR and SFP at elevated loop flow rates, but no change of these parameters when loop flow was interrupted. 3. compared to controls the decrease of each GFR parameter between 0 and 40 nl/min loop perfusion was lower in DOCA- and salt-loaded rats (IIb, IIc). Additional heminephrectomy (IIc) had no further influence on the reduced feedback response in DOCA- and salt-loaded rats, whereas this maneuver reduced the renal renin content drastically. A somewhat higher response than in controls was found in heminephrectomized rats (IIb) and in clipped kidneys of Goldblatt hypertensive rats (IIIa). These different magnitudes of feedback responses do not correlate with the renal renin content. It has been concluded, therefore, that renal renin activity is not the sole determinant of the effectiveness of the tubuloglomerular feedback response. PMID- 1239733 TI - Effect on Mn2+ on permeability properties of frog skin. AB - Mn2+ added to the inner bathing solution of frog skin caused a transient increase in potential difference (PD) and a decrease in total skin conductance and mannitol influx. Net Na flux and short-circuit current (Is. c.) were also reduced, the isotopic net flux being reduced more than Is. c. This observed discrepancy appears to be the result of Cl- retention in the outer medium since it was not observed when the skin was bathed in a sulfate-substituted chloride free solution. The effect of Mn2+ on the inner side of the frog skin appears to be due to a reduced permeation of Na+ and Cl- through the outer barrier of the skin. Addition of Mn2+ to the outer solution bathing the frog skin caused an increase in PD and a smaller increase in Is. c. These changes were not associated with alterations in the fluxes of Na+ or mannitol and were observed only when chloride was present in the bathing solutions. The effect of Mn2+ on this side of the frog skin may therefore be due to a net retention of Cl- in the outer solution. PMID- 1239734 TI - Cardiac muscle models for both isotonic and isometric contractions. AB - The choice of a suitable muscle model consistent with the mechanical behaviour of Rat papillary muscle at rest or during isotonic or isometric contraction has been considered. Three different preload levels within the ascending limb of the Frank Starling curve have been used in five papillary muscles. Series elastic (SE) and parallel elastic (PE) length-tension relationships have been evaluated according to five mechanical muscle models using data from systolic and diastolic quick release manoeuvres. For each preload level and muscle model, the time course of the force-velocity relationship of the contractile element (CE) has been calculated using a PDP 8/L digital computer. Several mechanical and biological characteristics are considered which exclude four of the five selected muscle models. The Maxwell model with a damper seems to be the most suitable mechanical model for Rat papillary muscle. According to the selected muscle model it seems that VCEmax is dependent on muscle length variation; the reliability of this parameter as an index of myocardial contractility is discussed. PMID- 1239735 TI - Regulation of local tissue PO2 of the brain cortex at different arterial O2 pressures. AB - Local tissue oxygen pressure (PO2) was recorded with a platinum multiwire surface electrode at adjacent sites of the cat cortex under steady-state conditions and with different arterial oxygen supply. Simultaneously PO2 in the sinus sagittalis was continuously recorded through the vascular wall in some experiments. Under normoxic and steady-state conditions local PO2 values varied between 0 Torr and almost arterial levels of 90 Torr. This was in accordance with the assumption of a diffusive transport of oxygen in tissue. With increased arterial oxygen supply local tissue PO2 reacted quite differently at adjacent sites. Linear increases in local tissue PO2 as compared to arterial PO2 as well as constant levels, very small increases and even small decreases were recorded. Constancy or small changes, respectively, of local PO2 (= local PO2 regulation) may be caused by changes in microflow, but changes in oxygen consumption cannot be excluded completely. The regulation of local PO2 could be abolished by adding CO2 to the gas mixture or by producing tissue anoxia. With severely reduced arterial oxygen supply local tissue PO2 dropped down to hypoxic or anoxic levels at all sites measured. PMID- 1239736 TI - On the role of the interstitial volume in the response of the rat to blood volume expansion. AB - Patterns of body fluid distribution and selected cardiovascular and renal responses were studied following vascular expansion in normal rats and in rats with altered interstitial fluid volume produced by dehydration, prehydration or hyperoncotic albumin infusion. In all four groups the patterns of the renal excretory response and the accompanying change in central venous pressure (CVP) were closely parallel and the disturbance in CVP was finally corrected in the presence of a considerable residual vascular expansion. During the diuresis and saluresis following iso-oncotic vascular expansion in prehydrated and dehydrated rats, both groups removed fluid chiefly from the interstitium; this fluid removal was attributable mainly to urinary excretion in prehydrated rats but mainly to redistribution into the cellsin dehydrated rats. In the latter series, preferential renal excretion of sodium over water was observed. Hyperoncotic vascular expansion led to a peak renal excretory response only 70% of that following iso-oncotic expansion. The excreted volume was accounted for by a similar depletion of interstitial fluid after the iso-oncotic load. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the renal response to volume expansion regulates some parameter which is more closely related to the mean central venous pressure than to the vascular volume. This regulation was associated with incomplete correction of the vascular expansion and absolute decrease in interstitial fluid volume compared to the initial size of that compartment. This provides support for a functionally important influence of the interstitial volume on venous compliance. PMID- 1239737 TI - Differential influences of CNS and superficial body temperatures on the partition of cutaneous blood flow between capillaries and arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA's). AB - Radioactive microsphere measurements of blood flow in the hindlimb of the conscious sheep indicate that CNS temperatures have a potent influence on blood flow through cutaneous AVA's but not capillaries, and vice versa for superficial body temperatures. PMID- 1239738 TI - Ventilatory acclimatization and csf acid-base balance in carotid chemodenervated dogs at 3550 m. AB - In three awake dogs in a hypobaric chamber at 140 m and at 3550 m, resting ventilation, pulmonary gas exchanges, respiratory gases and pH of the arterial blood, acid-base status in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and ventilatory responses to transient O2-inhalation were studied before (intact) and after chronic bilateral carotid body denervation (cbd). 1. The hypoxic chemoreflex drive of ventilation was reduced by about half in cbd dogs. 2. At low altitude, sino-carotid body denervation resulted in hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis in the arterial blood and csf. 3. At high altitude, initial hypoxic hyperventilation, and the related alkalosis in blood and csf, occurred within 30 min in intact dogs, but was not observed in cbd ones. 4. Further increase in ventilation was achieved upon 3 hrs of altitude exposure in intact animals, while a delayed hyperventilation occurred after 24 hrs in cbd ones. 5. Neither in intact nor in cbd dogs, the ventilatory changes at altitude were related to the changes in csf pH. It is concluded that the rate of ventilatory acclimatization to altitude is dependent upon the strength of the arterial chemoreceptor drive. Integrity of this chemoreflex drive of breathing is essential in determining the eupneic level of ventilation and normal acid-base status of the blood and csf at low altitude and at high altitude. PMID- 1239739 TI - Lactate-glucose interrelations, glucose recycling and the Cori cycle in normal fed rats. AB - 1. Turnover and oxidation rates of glucose and lactate were determined using a priming dose-continuous infusion of 14C-(u)-glucose and 14C-(U)-lactate in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated non-fasted rats. The rates of glucose lactate interconversions were computed from the two-compartment model of Depocas and De Freitas (1970). The rate of total glucose recycling is known as the difference between the rate of true glucose turnover measured with 3H-(2)-glucose (RGT) and the rate of apparent glucose turnover measured with 14C-glucose (RG). This value was compared with the Cori cycle. 2. In normal conditions 17% of RG come from lactate, 43% are directed to lactate and 49% are oxidized. 3. 71% of the rate of lactate turnover come from glucose, 28% are directed to glucose and 51% are oxidized. 4. The rate of total glucose recycling (RGT-RG) is 3.7 mg - mn( 1) per kg0.75 and represents 60% of RG or 38% of RGT. 5. The Cori cycle is 0.8 - 1.2 mg - mn(-1) per kg0.75 and represents 8 - 20% of the rate of glucose turnover and 20 - 32% of total glucose recycling. PMID- 1239740 TI - Na+ and Cl- transepithelial routes in rabbit gallbladder: tracer analysis of the transports. AB - The reported experiments demonstrate that in rabbit gallbladder epithelium: a) the mucosa-cell Na+ and Cl- influxes (45 sec long) are reduced in Cl- -free and Na+ -free bathing solutions respectively; transconcentration effects are observed. b) Cell Cl- labelling through the luminal membrane, with 36Cl- (1 hr incubation), is nearly abolished if a Na+ -free bathing solution is used; but cell Na+ labelling with 22Na+ in the lumen (1 hr incubation) does not change if a Cl- -free bathing solution is employed. c) Cell Na+ and Cl- labelling through the basolateral membrane (1 hr incubation) is negligible; some Cl- labelling is obtained only when the intracellular electrical potential is artificially reduced. d) SO 2 4- is found to abolish net water transport, to cross the epithelium, but not to enter the cell. On the basis of these data a paracellular pathway for net Cl- transport is ruled out, a Na+ and Cl- cotransport through the cell luminal barrier and a Na+ active extrusion through the basolateral membrane are suggested. No definitive conclusion about Cl- extrusion is possible. PMID- 1239741 TI - [PTZ-induced paroxysmal depolarization shift on Helix p. neurons: mechanism of plateau and pacemaker potentials (author's transl)]. AB - The convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 1% induces paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDS) on regularly firing neurones of Helix. Synaptic or antidromic stimulation or transmembrane current produces PDSs followed by a refractory period. For 5% of PTZ-treated neurons the membrane depolarizes up to -15 mV and PDS can be obtained by injected inward current. In voltage clamp experiments the steady i equals f(V) characteristic of PTZ-treated neurons is N-shaped with a current flowing inwardly between -45 and -15 mV. The negative conductance is enhanced by warming and disappears at temperatures lower than 15 degrees C. Besides, a slow triangular function (less than or equal to 10 mV/sec) applied to the voltage clamp system indicates an important hysteresis in the i equals f(V) curves according to the direction of sweeping: depolarization or repolarization. From a hyperpolarized state (-70 mV) the stable point of the N-shaped i equals f(V) characteristic is at -15 mV bringing the membrane potential to this level. From a depolarized state congruent to 10 mV) the i equals f(V) characteristic shows no local negative slope and the stable point is at -45 mV bringing the membrane potential down to this level. PDSs correspond to the voltage transition between these two stable points. The amplitude of PDSs is directly related to the amplitude of hysteresis and their frequency to the kinetics of the i equals f(V) characteristics. The different modes of activity under PTZ are explained by the position of the i equals 0 axis in relation with the region of negative resistance. It is suggested that increase of K+ -inactivation by PTZ is the main phenomenon leading to a N-shaped characteristic. PMID- 1239742 TI - Evidence for Na+ independent active secretion of K+ and HCO - 3 by rat salivary duct epithelium. AB - In order to elucidate whether or not active secretion of potassium and bicarbonate by the rat submaxillary duct epithelium operates independently of sodium reabsorption, Na+ transport was blocked by amiloride, which is known to inhibit Na+ entry from lumen into cell. With 10(-4) M amiloride in HCO - 3 Ringer at the luminal side, the transepithelial electrical potential difference approached zero, the Na+ conductance of the luminal cell membrane was drastically reduced, and the K+ conductance was significantly reduced. Net K+ secretion was reduced by 80%, whereas net HCO - 3 secretion was significantly increased. The remaining 20% of net K+ secretion proceeded at zero net Na+ transport and in the absence of significant chemical and electrical potential differences between lumen and interstitium of the duct. This active component of net K+ secretion was accompanied by an equal rate of active HCO - 3 secretion. These findings confirm the independence of this active secretion of K+ and HCO - 3 from Na+ transport. They indicate an electrically neutral secretion of K+ and HCO - 3, probably by the postulated luminal K+ -H+ -exchange mechanism. The 80% of net K+ secretion, which were abolished by amiloride together with Na+ reabsorption, seem to be functionally coupled with Na+ transport. The linkage of K+ -to- Na+ is probably mediated by a luminal carrier exchanging Na+ for K+ and H+. PMID- 1239743 TI - Platelet adhesiveness and cancer cell stickiness: a comparative study. AB - Comparing platelet adhesiveness and cancer cell stickiness under the conditions of the so-called Fibre test showed that: 1. Platelets aggregate in the first few seconds only, whereas Yoshida sarcoma cells accumulate continuously. 2. Platelets show a characteristic velocity profile. Platelet adhesiveness shows a maximum at a velocity of 7 cm/sec. Yoshida sarcoma cells adhere better at low flow velocity. 3. An experimentally induced electric current (streaming electric current) of ca. 40 mV augments platelet adhesiveness to twice the basal value, whereas Yoshida sarcoma cells remain uninfluenced by the current. These results suggest an interaction between platelets and vessel wall, whereas Yoshida sarcoma cells adhere passively. PMID- 1239744 TI - Effects of antidiuretic hormone on intrarenal red cell and plasma volumes in the water diuretic rat. AB - The intrarenal distribution of 51Cr-labelled red cells and 125I-immunoglobulin M (125I-IgM) was studied in water diuretic control rats and in water diuretic rats infused with argenine vasopressin (ADH) 1 muU per minute and gram rat. The IgM volume after 1 min equilibration time was taken to be a measure of plasma volume. Intrarenal haematocrits were calculated from the red cell and plasma volumes and were expressed as fractions of total body haematocrit. Infusion of ADH provoked a rise in urine osmolality from below 200 to values ranging from 800 to 2000 mosm per kg with only insignificant elevation of arterial blood pressure. Calculated red cell volume was significantly increased in all renal zones whereas calculated regional plasma volumes were not significantly changed by ADH. In all renal zones ADH administration thus involved significant increments in haematocrit; the relative increment was most pronounced in the inner medulla. The results give no direct evidence in favour of or against vasoconstrictive effects of ADH in the rat kidney. However, it may be argued that the haematocrit changes are compatible with increased haemodynamic resistance and reduction of blood flow in all renal zones (especially in the medulla) involving decreased linear velocities and less pronounced tendency to axial accumulation of red cells. ADH may increase haemodynamic resistance in two ways, first by acting as a vasoconstrictor and, second, by indirectly increasing blood viscosity in the medulla by increasing tissue osmolality. PMID- 1239745 TI - Effect of osmotic pressure on spontaneous afferent discharge in the nerves of the perfused rabbit liver. AB - Rabbit livers were perfused with Krebs solution via the portal vein and small bundles of the hepatic nerve were monitored for spontaneous afferent impulses arising in the liver. The concentration of the Krebs solution was varied by altering the amount of water in which the salts were dissolved. An alteration from 5% more concentrated to 5% more dilute and vice versa did not affect this spontantous discharge. Addition to the Krebs solution of up to 60 mM sucrose, of up to 22 mM mannitol or of 0.8 mM polyethylenglycol 6000 mol. wt. did not alter the frequency of impulses. Perfusion with bovine serum, or Krebs solution containing approx. 0.6 mM polyvinylpyrrolidone, mol. wt. 44000, or dextran mol. wt. 110000 increased the frequency of discharge in some nerve bundles. An alteration of 0.06 mM in the concentration of dextran produced a significant change of frequency. It is concluded that spontaneous discharge in some afferent hepatic nerves is influenced by colloidal osmotic pressure but not by changes of ionic osmotic pressure. The nerves affected differ from 'sodium-sensitive' nerves and from the 'osmoreceptors' of Niijima. PMID- 1239747 TI - New technique of measurement of effective capacity changes of total vascular bed. AB - A simple device was developed which can accurately measure effective changes in total vascular capacity as viewed from the site of the heart. The device consists of a funnel and a suction bottle. It is connected via a single large-bore cannula to the right atrium of an open-chest animal without opening the closed loop of the circulation. It serves to clamp the steady-state level of mean central venous pressure precisely at any desired value and to measure the volume of any displacement of blood out of or into the total vascular bed caused by changes in total vascular capacity. The device was tested in mock and animal experiments and proved to function accurately, except during a short transient phase of less than 1 min following an intervention on the total vascular capacity. Errors in clamp pressure in the steady state, which are theoretically zero, were found to be less than 0.2 mm Hg, and were practically insignificant. Errors in the volume measurement were less than 5 ml. PMID- 1239748 TI - A simple apparatus for deaerating and handling Van Slyke reagents for micro gasometers. PMID- 1239746 TI - Catecholamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in different segments of the rabbit nephron. AB - The sensitivity to catecholamines of the adenylate cyclase (AC) activity contained in single tubule samples was investigated on 10 different well defined segments, isolated by microdissection from collagenase treated rabbit kidneys. No responsiveness to isoproterenol (10(-6) M) was observed in the proximal tubule (convoluted and straight portions), the thin descending and thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle, and the first ("bright") portion of the distal convoluted tubule (DCTb); in contrast high responses (stimulation factors: 4 to 6 fold) were obtained in the second ("granular") portion of the distal convoluted tubule (DCTg), as well as in both the "granular" (CCTg) and the "light" (CCTl) portions of the cortical collecting tubule. In absolute value, however, the CCTl response was definitely lower than those measured in DCTg and CCTg, as is its control activity. In the medullary portion of the collecting tubule, the AC response to isoproterenol was rather poor both in absolute and relative terms. Dose-response curves measured on DCTg samples indicated a threshold response with an isoproterenol concentration below 10(-8) M; half maximal effect corresponded to about 3 x 10(-8) M. CCTl sensitivity to isoproterenol was of the same order of magnitude. Isoproterenol as well as norepinephrine effects in DCTg and CCTl were completely suppressed by 10(-4) M propranolol, indicating that the observed AC stimulation was mediated via receptors of the beta type. In beta blocked CCTl, 10(-6) M norepinephrine did not inhibit vasopressin-induced AC stimulation; in the presence of 10(-6) M norepinephrine, 10(-4) M phentolamine resulted in no additional AC stimulation in DCTg and CCTl; these data suggest the absence of alpha receptors inhibiting AC activity in these structures. In DCTg, AC stimulation induced either by 10(-6) M isoproterenol or by 1 U/ml PTH were observed to be additive when the two hormones were given together. The presence of catecholamine-dependent AC activity in three distal portions of the rabbit nephron is discussed in relation to its possible physiological implications. PMID- 1239749 TI - On the role of serotonin in aggressive behaviour of ants Genus formica. AB - The object of our study was the investigation of the effects of aggressiveness on brain 5-HT concentration in ants genus Formica. The brain concentrations of 5-HT in ants is relatively high. The results indicate that both isolation, interspecies aggressiveness and intraspecies aggressiveness were accompanied by the increased brain serotonin. PMID- 1239750 TI - The role of serotoninergic neurons in rats agressive behaviour. AB - Lesions of the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei that caused a marked decrease of the 5-HT level in the forebrain induced in groupped rats intraspecies aggressiveness but failed to increase mouse-killing behaviour. In rats isolated for 3 weeks lesions of the raphe nuclei did not change behaviour of "killers" and natural "non-killers". The role of 5-HT in mechanism of the aggressive behaviour is discussed. PMID- 1239752 TI - [Evaluation of tissue glues (butylcyanoacrylate glues) in the management of extensive renal wounds in pigs]. PMID- 1239751 TI - The influence of phentolamine on the central activity of 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat. AB - PHENT (20 and 100 mug ivc) affects the central action of 5-HT (0-1, 25 and 250 mug) in rats which shows itself in potentiation of 5-HT-induced inhibition of spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activities and in the prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time. In case of postamphetamine hyperactivity and body temperature, 5-HT acts antagonistically to a lower PHENT dose and synergistically to a higher dose of this compound. No affect of 5-HT on a slight antistereotypy action of PHENT has been stated. Neither compound affects electrical seizures. PMID- 1239753 TI - [Use of Polish surgical glues in extensive traumatic damage of the renal parenchyma]. PMID- 1239754 TI - Bites and stings in travellers. PMID- 1239755 TI - Problems of pilgrimages. PMID- 1239756 TI - Concordance for mortality with special reference to ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. A study on the Swedish Twin Registry. PMID- 1239757 TI - [Isolation and morphological and biochemical characterization of mitochondria of yeast Torulopsis candida grown on glucose and hexadecane]. AB - A method for isolating intact mitochondria from Torulopsis candida grown on glucose and hexadecane was developed. The isolated mitochondria were capable of oxidizing substrates of the di- and tricarboxylic acid cycle and of showing Chance respiration control. The morphological examination of the fractions showed that the major portion of mitochondria from yeast grown on glucose were in the condensed form whereas mitochondria from yeast grown on hexadecane were in the orthodoxal form. PMID- 1239759 TI - [Structure of extracellular mannane produced by Sporobolomyces species DC 26-M]. PMID- 1239760 TI - [Cultivation of the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum K-1 on milk serum]. AB - Yeast Trichosporon cutaneoum K-1 were cultivated on milk serum supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus sources. The culture showed a high biosynthetic capacity. The specific growth rate (mu) of yeast on milk serum was 0.40-0.45 hr-1. During lactose assimilation in the synthetic medium mu was 0.43 hr-1 and the economic coefficent of the biomass yield was 54%. It was shown that assimilation first involved lactose and then organic acids. The composition of the resulting biomass was identified. PMID- 1239758 TI - [Cysteine effects on yeast growth]. AB - The effect of cysteine on yeasts with different requirements for exogenous pantothenic acid was studied during their cultivation in the synthetic nutrient medium. Cysteine added at a concentration of 4X10(-4) M and 6X10(-4) M inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the Krasnodarsk race and Candida utilis BKM y-74 to a great extent and that of Saccharomycodes ludwigii BKM y-1176 to a lesser extent. The inhibitory effect of cystein was reversed by pantothenic acid, beta-alanine, aspartate and aspartic acid. It is assumed that cysteine inhibits metabolic utilization of pantothenic acid. PMID- 1239762 TI - [Use of malt extract as a nitrogen source for continuous cultivation of Candida utilis]. AB - The effect of an aqueous extract from malt sprouts on the growth and development of fodder yeast was investigated during their continuous cultivation. The extract can be used as a nitrogen source during continuous cultivation of fodder yeast. It is supposed that the extract contains compounds capable to inhibit yeast growth. The extract should be added to the nutrient medium in the amount of 4 g/l of dry weight. PMID- 1239761 TI - [Study of the relationship between the free water fraction in dried Candida utilis and the phosphorus content of cells]. AB - The relationship between the free water fraction and the phosphate content in lyophilized yeast cells of Candida utilis was studied. The yeast were cultivated continuously and periodically, their growth rate being limited by phosphates. The decrease in the phosphate pool from 2% to 0.56% was followed by an increase in the fraction of free water by 6.3 times. PMID- 1239763 TI - [Optimization of the nutrient medium for the biosynthesis of phytotoxic metabolites of Myrothecium verrucaria VKMF-183]. AB - By means of mathematical planning of the experiment optimal concentrations of components of the nutrient medium were found for the biosynthesis of phytotoxic metabolites by the soil fungus Myrothecium verrucaria VKMF-183. The composition of the optimized medium were: glucose--8%, KH2PO4--0.05%, asparagine--0.35%, ammonium tartrate--0.07%, MgSO4--0.03%, solution of trace elements--0.1%. The accumulation of phytotoxic metabolites in the above medium was 2.4 times higher than in the initial medium. PMID- 1239764 TI - [Zinc consumption from the nutrient medium of Trichosporon capitatum and Aspergillus niger]. AB - The sorption capacity of the cultures Trichosporon capitatum and Aspergillus niger towards zinc dissolved in the culture liquid was studied by radio active labelling. The curves of sorption kinetics and the so-called sorption quasi isotherms showing the dependence of zinc sorption by the microbial biomass upon zinc concentration in the liquid medium were derived. For the Aspergillus niger culture at zinc concentrations of 0.5 to 52 mug/ml the sorption quasi-isotherm was linear. The zinc extraction by microorganisms was related not only to the physico-chemical sorption but also to the zinc accumulation in the cell biopolymers. The paper presents calculations of the microbiological purification of sewage waters from zinc by means of the Aspergillus niger culture. PMID- 1239765 TI - [Epidemiological importance of contacts with poultry infected with tuberculosis]. PMID- 1239766 TI - Decreased citrate synthesis: possible indication of early degenerative changes in testes of vitamin E-deficient rats. AB - We have shown that intravenously administered glucose disappears from the blood of E-deficient rats at different rates compared to that of the control rats and that this difference could possibly be explained by membrane permeability changes in E-deficiency. We have also shown that the ability of E-deficient rat testis tissue to synthesize citrate is decreased, and that this decrease is probably an early manifestation of testicular degeneration. PMID- 1239767 TI - Further studies on cold insoluble circulating immune complexes in rabbits immunized with bovine albumin. AB - Cold insoluble circulating immune complexes of BSA and anti-BSA antibody are formed in vivo while immune catabolism of antigen is occurring. The effects of temperature, rate of precipitation and redissolvability of the cold insoluble antigen were studied in this model. Circulating BSA is soluble at 37 degrees, but may precipitate when the temperature is reduced. The solubility of antigen decreases at 24 degrees and below. Complete precipitation occurs in 5-7 days. The antigen in the cryoprecipitate is difficult to redissolve unless low pH citrate or glycine buffers are used. PMID- 1239768 TI - Changes in the blood and iron metabolism in rats with alcoholic fatty livers. AB - The changes in the haematological parameters and iron metabolism in rats with fatty livers after they had been fed with 20% alcohol and normal standard diet for a period of 12 months were studied. The haematocrit, haemoglobulin concentration and erythrocyte count were within the normal range. The erythropoietic rate was elevated, probably as the result of the shortened life span of the erythrocytes. The rate of iron absorption in the alcoholic rat did not vary. The iron stores in the spleen and small intestine were, however, markedly increased. The ferrokinetic study shows that the alcoholic rat had a lower plasma iron turnover rate. In view of the elevated erythropoiesis the implication of this finding is difficult to interpret when the efflux of plasma iron to the unspecific soft tissues is not available. PMID- 1239769 TI - The effects of indomethacin on the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia in the premature and mature newborn goat. AB - The effects of indomethacin on the pulmonary circulation and the response of the circulation to hypoxia were investigated in premature and mature newborns using an isolated perfusion technique on otherwise intact left lungs in situ. There was an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and augmentation of the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia following indomethacin. These effects were greater in the premature than in the mature newborn. Indomethacin effectively removes a dilator influence on the pulmonary circulation. The results are consistent with the concept that prostaglandins are important in regulating pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 1239770 TI - [Weak polar cardenolide of Convalleria majalis L. Allomethylose as a sugar component of Cavellaria glycosides. 13. Convalleria glycoside]. PMID- 1239771 TI - Simple method for producing an alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats. AB - Rats received intragastric intubations of ethanol at 8 hr intervals for 1, 7, 15 or 30 days. The dosage for each animal was one which produced observable signs of intoxication 1 hr after the intubation. All of the rats in the experimental groups developed a tolerance to ethanol as indicated by the increasing dose required to induce intoxication, but the degree of tolerance was related to the duration of the ethanol administration. During the withdrawal period the incidence of hyperreactivity, convulsive symptoms, and the susceptibility to audiogenic seizures was determined for all 4 groups. Although every experimental animal displayed withdrawal symptoms, the incidence of these symptoms was found to be an increasing, negatively accelerated function of the duration of ethanol exposure. For situations where voluntary consumption of alcohol is not necessary this method is a simple, controlled, reliable, way of inducing ethanol tolerance and physical dependence in rats. PMID- 1239772 TI - Changes in brain monoamine metabolism and carbon dioxide induced amnesia in the rat. AB - The effect of treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2) on the performance of rats 24 hr after receiving a foot shock in a passive avoidance task was studied. Foot shock induced avoidance. Carbon dioxide produced retrograde amnesia for the foot shock induced avoidance response. Changes in brain monoamine metabolism were studied in groups of rats which had been treated with CO2, foot shock or foot shock +CO2. The rats were killed 24 hr after treatment. Changes mainly occurred in the brain stem and hippocampus. In the rats which had received foot shock alone, brain stem and hippocampal serotonin concentration were raised. This rise was not observed when the foot shock was followed by CO2 treatment. Furthermore, it was found that there was an increased release of noradrenaline in those rats subjected to foot shock alone but a decreased release of this amine in the group which received foot shock followed by CO2. It is suggested that the amnesic effect of CO2 parallels changes in brain serotonin and noradrenaline metabolism. PMID- 1239773 TI - Hippocampal monoamine metabolism and the CO2 induced retrograde amnesia gradient in rats. AB - It was found that in rats a gradient of retrograde amnesia for a passive avoidance response could be established when carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as the amnesic agent. The extent of passive avoidance increased as the period between application of a mild foot shock and CO2 treatment was increased. The amnesia gradient was found to cover a period of at least 60 min. Changes in hippocampal serotonin metabolism parallelled the amnesia gradient. Thus, the concent increased. The changes in hippocampal noradrenaline and dopamine did not correlate with the amnesia gradient. PMID- 1239774 TI - Time-dependent aspects of CO2 induced amnesia and hippocampal monoamine metabolism in rats. AB - The time course of amnesia for a one-trial passive avoidance response after treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2) was studied. Amnesia developed gradually over the first 4 hr following the amnesic treatment. Once established, amnesia remained during a 4 week test period. Previously, we reported that acquisition of the passive avoidance response was attended with a rise in the hippocampal concentration of serotonin 24 hr later and that this rise was not observed when acquisition was followed by amnesic treatment. In the present study, it was found that a rise in hippocampal serotonin parallelled the transient retention of the avoidance response 2 hr after amnesic treatment. However, 2 weeks after acquisition and amnesic treatment no changes in hippocampal monomine metabolism could be detected. Hippocampal noradrenaline did not correlate with avoidance and amnesia. PMID- 1239775 TI - Effects of lithium chloride on muricidal behavior in rats. AB - Lithium chloride at two different doses (1 mEq/kg and 2 mEq/kg) IP BID for 10 days failed to inhibit muricidal behavior in rats. Lithium chloride at the higher dose caused neurotoxicity in 6 of 11 rats as measured by the rotorod. These dosages generated serum levels of 0.70 and 1.00 mEq/L respectively. The same behavior was blocked by imipramine HC1 at an ED50 of 8.5 mg/kg 45 min following a single IP injection without evidence of neurotoxicity by the rotorod method. These results indicate that lithium chloride is unlike the tricyclic agents in the muricide test. Therefore, if its clinical antidepressant activity is substantial, it may be most effective in a neurochemically different class of depressives than the tricyclics. PMID- 1239776 TI - Mescaline treated rats attack immobile targets. AB - Rats were exposed to a series of targets in a shock induced aggression situation. Control rats fought most with moving targets, such as another normal rat, and did not attack immobile targets, such as a dead rat or a rat model. Rats treated with 15 mg mescaline/kg showed a similar pattern of target control though they bit frequently while controls did not bite. Rats treated with 50 mg/kg delivered vigorous biting attacks to a variety of targets but fought most with the immobile dead rat. They failed to attack only the rat model. Much of the data were consistent with the hypothesis that mescaline releases aggressive behavior from inhibitory control, leading to longer and more vigorous attacks on a wider variety of targets. This hypothesis, however, failed to explain why stationary targets were more effective for animals treated with 50 mg mescaline/kg while only moving targets were effective for controls. PMID- 1239777 TI - Apomorphine-induced aggression: an evaluation of possible sensitizing factors in the rat. AB - The effects of prior experience with fighting and prior experience with both apomorphine and fighting were evaluated as possible sensitizing factors in rat intraspecific aggression induced by apomorphine. Results revealed that prior experience with the drug alone, or with fighting alone, had no effect on apomorphine-induced aggression. However, animals that had previously fought under the influence of apomorphine showed even higher levels of aggression suggesting that repeated experience with both the drug and fighting induces a type of sensitization. PMID- 1239778 TI - Pattern of sucking in the infant rat during spontaneous milk ejection. AB - Two methods are described for measuring the sucking of rat pups on the nipples of the mother. The first uses pressure recording of the cannulated teatduct; the second uses direct observation of sucking behavior. Using these methods, the sucking behavior of the pups during sequences of milk ejections was investigated. Pressure recordings of the sucking of individual pups on the nipple showed that between milk ejections the pups sucked intermittently in bursts. During milk ejection itself there was a longer period of vigorous and continuous sucking. Behavioral observations on the level of sucking in whole litters of pups showed that the background bursts of sucking from the litter as a whole were randomly distributed in relation to the inferred time of oxytocin release. These results indicate that once the pups are sucking on the nipples, variations in the sucking behavior of the litter have no role in the timing of milk ejections in the mother. PMID- 1239779 TI - Septal hyperreactivity: a comparison of lesions within and adjacent to the septum. AB - Following large septal lesions, male hooded rats were tested for reactivity 2, 7, and 14 days postoperatively. The results showed that lesions which destroyed the septal nuclei bilaterally caused a significant increase in reactivity above that of an operated control group. A similar increase in reactivity was produced by lesions which damaged the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as well as the septum. A significantly greater level of reactivity was produced when the lesion destroyed the septum and in addition the area ventral to the anterior septum, including parts of the diagonal band of Broca and the accumbens nucleus. A second experiment examined the effectiveness of more restricted lesions ventral to the septum on reactivity. Ventral lesions which destroyed primarily the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis caused a small but significant increase in reactivity. With lesions ventral to the anterior septum the increase in reactivity was significantly larger. The increase in reactivity produced by the anterior-ventral lesions was also larger than that produced by lesions of the septum but it was not as great as that produced by combined lesions of the septum and the anterior ventral area. These results suggest that several areas contribute to the hyperreactivity that is usually attributed to septal lesions. PMID- 1239780 TI - Conditioned avoidance behavior in pretrained rats intermittently treated with addictive drugs. AB - Rats pretrained in a conditioned avoidance (CAR) paradigm were put on eight potentially addictive drugs in drinking water at two dose levels each. Fluid intake and body weight, monitored during the drugged (addiction) and nondrugged (withdrawal) states, showed drug/dose-dependent fluctuations in most groups. Extinction and relearning trials were spread over both drug and nondrug phases. CAR-performance generally deteriorated in the early drug phase but improved to near normalcy during the late drug and withdrawal phases in all groups except for alcohol and barbiturate-treated one. Excluding amphetamine, low-dose morphine and phenobarbital groups, substantial extinction of CAR occurred during the drug phase only; these three groups, as well as the high-dose alcohol, barbiturates and medazepam ones, showed extinction during the nondrug phase also. The rate and extent of a second-order relearning neither differed significantly between the groups nor was truly contingent upon prior extinction. These results are discussed in the light of state-dependent learning, comparing them with those from another series of rats primarily trained under the influence of these addictive drugs. PMID- 1239781 TI - Generalization of behaviorally augmented tolerance to ethanol, and its relation to physical dependence. AB - Adult rats, required to perform a motor coordination task while under the influence of ethanol (2.2 g/kg) daily for 12 days, developed significant tolerance to the effects of ethanol, not only on this test but also on a food motivated maze task. At the same time, they showed reduced shock threshold for production of a startle response, and reduced open field test scores 23 hrs after the last dose of ethanol. Other animals receiving the same dose of ethanol immediately after each training session on the coordination task, and others performing the task and receiving no ethanol, showed no tolerance on either test and no change in shock threshold or open field behavior. The results suggest that behaviorally augmented tolerance depends on basic neuronal adaptive changes indistinguishable from those accompanying physiological tolerance and dependence. PMID- 1239782 TI - The interactive effects of prenatal imipramine exposure and postnatal rearing conditions on behaviour and histology. AB - Offspring of rats given oral doses of Saline or Imipramine (5 mg/kg) from 14-21 days prior to mating till parturition were reared, after weaning, in deprived or enriched environments. At 25-27 days and at 80-83 days the home cage behaviour of the Ss reared in the enriched environment was observed. Histological measures of brain development in both the deprived and enriched Ss were taken at the conclusion of behavioural observations. The Imipramine exposed offspring failed to show the characteristic histological changes associated with enriched rearing conditions. In addition they were behaviourally unresponsive and spent significantly less time than the Saline offspring interacting with other animals and the environment. It was argued that the physiological and behavioural unresponsiveness of the Imipramine offspring was due to a subtle teratogenic effect which prevented the Ss from interacting with the environment. PMID- 1239783 TI - Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on social behaviour in the laboratory mouse and rat. AB - The behavioural effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice and rats have been studied by an ethological analysis of encounters between animals injected with the drug and partners injected with the solvent (Tween-saline). In both species, Immobility was increased and Non-Social Activity reduced after injections of 5 mg/kg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Flight was increased in treated mice but not in treated rats. Aggression was not significantly altered in either species. Thus, in the mouse, the qualitative behavioural effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol were similar to those previously reported for crude cannabis resin. Comparison of the dose-response data indicated that some other constituents of cannabis may reduce the Flight reaction from delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol although not interfering with Immobility. PMID- 1239784 TI - Methaqualone: tolerance and physical dependence in mice. AB - Tolerance and physical dependence was produced in C57Bl/6 male mice that had been exposed, for 36 days, to methaqualone in food pellets via an automated system. Tolerance was revealed in the reduction of sleep-times following intraperitoneal injection of methaqualone. Physical dependence was manifested as an alteration in neural sensitivity to flurothyl-induced convulsions. PMID- 1239785 TI - Does increasing stress change the behavioral action of mescaline from disruption to facilitation? AB - This experiment is related to the hypothesis of Bridger and of Wray that hallucinogens have facilitatory effects on animal behavior when stress is part of the experiment and have disruptive effects otherwise. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to high (above 89%), stable base line rates of shuttlebox avoidance, then given each of four treatments at 6-day intervals after returning to base line avoidance rates: 1. saline (1 ml i.p.), 2. saline+stressor, 3. mescaline hydrochloride (36.6 mg/kg i.p.), 4. mescaline (39.6 mg/kg i.p.)+stressor. Stress treatment was 1.0 mA footshock (1 sec duration) every 20-30 sec for 15 min between injection and session. Sessions (100 trials) began 20 min after injection. Treatments 1 and 2 had no effect on avoidance rate. Treatments 3 and 4 significantly decreased avoidance rate, with the latter causing significantly more decrease than the former. None of the treatments affected presession (5 min adaptation period) or intertrial crossings of the shuttlebox or latency on escape trials. These results suggest that exposure to a stressor, per se, is not the crucial factor causing hallucinogens to have facilitatory effects on animal behavior. PMID- 1239786 TI - [Radiosensitivity of normal, regenerating and embryonal epithelium of the mouse cornea]. PMID- 1239788 TI - Hypersensitive lung disease due to avian antigens. AB - Five patients, three exposed to budgerigars (parakeets) and two to chickens, had immunological lung reactions. A Type III hypersensitivity response likely accounts for the pulmonary alteration. The inflammatory exudate accumulates within the alveolar walls and adjacent lobular septa. Radiologically, this is manifested as reticular linear densities and/or multiple small nodules, the interstitial pattern. With spillage into the distal air spaces, an acinar pattern emerges. As this disease is reversible in its early stages, increased awareness and proper management may lead to a reduction in the number of patients who are subsequently diagnosed as having "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". PMID- 1239790 TI - [The role of Mg and Ca ions in muscle contraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239787 TI - [Influence of mexamine on the functional state of the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system of rats in the presence of radiation]. PMID- 1239789 TI - Celiac arteriography following percutaneous splenoportography. AB - Splenic arteriography was performed in 14 patients immediately following antecedent splenoportography. Arteriographic evidence of splenic hematoma was demonstrated in 3 patients while in the remaining 11, no arteriographic abnormalities were detected. PMID- 1239791 TI - [Calorimetry of reactions involving biopolymers (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239792 TI - Blood LH after PGF2alpha in diestrous and ovariectomized cattle. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the increased serum LH which occurs within 12 hr after a luteolytic dose of PGF2alpha is dependent upon changes in progesterone or estradiol secretion. In the first experiment, exogenous progesterone abolished the increase in serum LH caused by a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg PGF2alpha in diestrous heifers, but not in ovariectomized heifers. In the second experiment, progesterone pessaries were removed at 6 hr after a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg PGF2alpha. LH remained at pre-PGF2alpha values while the pessaries were in place, but began to increase within 1 hr after they were removed. Blood estradiol also remained at pre PGF2alpha values until the pessaries were removed, and began to increase at 2 hr after pessary removal. We conclude that the increase in serum LH within 12 hr after PGF2alpha treatment in diestrous cattle is dependent upon withdrawal of progesterone; it is not due to increased serum estradiol. PMID- 1239793 TI - 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid and polyphloretin phosphate as non-specific antagonists of the stimulatory effects of different agents on adenylate cyclase from various tissues. AB - 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid (OPA) and polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) are believed to act as specific antagonists of prostaglandin action. In order to estimate their specificity, the inhibitory effects of these drugs were tested on the activity of adenylate cyclase from several tissues which were stimulated by prostaglandins and several other compounds. In adenylate cyclase preparation from L-fibroblasts both OPA (0.15-1.5 MM) and PPP (0.01-1.0 MG/ML) antagonized not only the stimulatory effects of PGE but also the stimulatory effects of sodium fluoride and increased enzyme activity due to the previous treatment of cell cultures by cholera toxin. Both OPA and PPP produced a dose dependent depression of adenylate cyclase activity to zero values both under basal conditions and after stimulation by sodium fluoride and various hormones in all preparations studied, including rat liver, heart, brain, epididymal adipose tissue, small intestine, renal cortex and renal medulla. The present results indicate that both prostaglandin antagonists may, in higher concentrations, act as nonspecific inhibitors of the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase rather than specific antagonists of the prostaglandin effects on adenylate cyclase. PMID- 1239795 TI - [Surgical physiopathology of peptic ulcer of the stomach. Experimental study]. PMID- 1239794 TI - [Artificial insemination of zebus in Madagascar after synchronization of estrus with norethandrolone]. PMID- 1239796 TI - [Patching up method in ultrasono-cardiotomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239798 TI - [New method of diagnosis arrhythmia. (4) Sinoatrial conduction time]. PMID- 1239797 TI - [High-speed ultrasono-cardiotomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239799 TI - [Left atrial pressure and antidiuretic hormone (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239801 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct. (VIII). Non-surgical diagnostic methods]. PMID- 1239800 TI - [A case report of interruption of the aortic arch: Consideration on postoperative respiratory care (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239803 TI - [Application of radioisotopes on respiratory function tests]. PMID- 1239804 TI - [Theoretical and clinical studies of respiration physiology. (1). AaDo2]. PMID- 1239802 TI - [Oxygenation reaction velocity of a single red blood cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239805 TI - [Physical training aspect of exercise testing: the evaluation of Master's double 2 step test, augmented Master's test and Cooper's submaximum single-level load exercise test (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239806 TI - [10 approximately 15 fold magnification bronchography using powdered tantalum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239807 TI - [Post-operative hypoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239808 TI - [Control of depth and rate of breathing (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239809 TI - [Autonomic reflexes evoked from the urinary bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239811 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct. (VI). Infarctions of the anterior and inferior walls]. PMID- 1239810 TI - [Cardiac function in relation to preload and afterload (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239813 TI - [Artificial respiration]. PMID- 1239814 TI - [Intermittent mandatory ventilation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239812 TI - [New pulsed-type earpiece oximeter (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239815 TI - [Metabolism and effects of vasoactive substances in the lung (5) prostaglandin levles in the serum and in the pleural exudate from patients with pleuritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239817 TI - [Analysis of cardiac function by analog computation of left ventricular pressure problem in determining Vmax (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239816 TI - [Changes in bronchial arterial circulation in fibrosis of the lung; A correlated studies of postmortum angiography and histology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239818 TI - [Is an anti-nosological psychiatry justified? (Offense and defense of the medical clinic)]. PMID- 1239819 TI - [Spleno-renal anastomosis: apropos of 500 cases. Special reference to schistosomic portal hypertension]. PMID- 1239820 TI - [Traumatic hemobilia. Diagnosis and selective follow-up arteriography of the celiac trunk. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 1239821 TI - [The Fisher-Evans syndrome. Report on 5 cases]. PMID- 1239823 TI - [Standard for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic fever]. PMID- 1239822 TI - [4 cases of hemolytic autoimmune anemia and idiopathic thrombopenic purpura with anti-native DNA antibodies]. AB - Four cases (1 female and 3 male) of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) and idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura of 13-34 years' duration are reported. All have antibodies against native DNA, low complement levels and positive Coombs test. In 2, circulating immune complexes were found. Renal biopsies in 3 revealed small deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in the mesangium of glomerula. No inflammatory changes were seen in light microscopy. These patients thus resemble the animal model of NZB mice, which exhibit similar AHA with antibodies to DNA but with minimal renal changes. PMID- 1239824 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus found in one of the identical twins]. PMID- 1239825 TI - [Case of systemic lupus erythematosus found in one of the identical twins- immunological and genetic studies]. PMID- 1239826 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus found in one of the identical twin sisters]. PMID- 1239828 TI - Clinical and genetic aspects of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in Israel: report of 22 cases. AB - Twenty two patients (12 males and 10 females) from all over Israel fulfilled the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. All have been observed to have a servere bleeding tendency since infancy or early childhood. In 8 out of 10 adult patients (7 females and 3 males) the bleeding manifestations have persisted over the years. In 2 adult patients major surgery was performed under platelet transfusions which appeared to prevent excessive bleeding. Pedigree analysis was possible for 21 patients who belong to 13 unrelated kindreds. Twelve kindreds are Jewish and one is Arab. Eleven of the 12 Jewish kindreds belong to the Iraqi Jewish community. Analysis of 16 sibships disclosed a corrected segregation ratio of 0.2, which is compatible with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. No bleeding manifestation whatsoever were observed in 30 obligatory carriers of thrombasthania, and the haemostatic functions tested in 12 of them were entirely normal. PMID- 1239827 TI - Evans blue: a specific inhibitor of factor VIII-induced platelet agglutination. AB - Low concentrations of Evans Blue (less than 1 muM) inhibit the agglutination of formalin-treated platelets by bovine Factor VIII or by human Factor VIII in the presence of the antibiotic ristocetin. Evans Blue is a specific inhibitor of this reaction and acts by inhibiting the binding of Factor VIII to the platelet surface. PMID- 1239829 TI - Letter: Fibrinolytic activity in the endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 1239830 TI - Purification of monolayer cell cultures of the endocrine pancreas. AB - Experimental use of primary cultures of endocrine pancreas is constrained by early, vigorous proliferation of fibroblastoid cells. The addition of heavy metals, sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, phenyl mercuric acetate, phenyl mercuric nitrate and sodium aurothiomalate to the culture media selectively destroys these fibroblastoid cells yielding highly enriched, morphologically intact, functionally competent endocrine cells that are capable of cell replication. This action of heavy metals appears to be due to reversible inhibition of sulfhydryl enzymes since glutathione and thioglycolate were demonstrated to completely inhibit the cytotoxic effects of the mercury and gold containing agents, respectively. Certain variables in the application of the mercurial agents to pancreatic endocrine cell cultures were defined, most notably the enhanced sensitivity of fetal vs. neonatal tissue, and in inverse relationship of cell density to effective toxicity. After removal of the heavy metal agent from the culture media, many pancreatic islets send out cytoplasmic projections, containing large numbers of oriented microtubules which serve as bridging units to adjacent endocrine cells. The sustained availability of virtually pure pancreatic endocrine cell cultures, which results from the application of mercury to the culture media will undoubtedly permit many aspects of the cell biology of the endocrine pancreas to be directly and sequentially assailed. PMID- 1239831 TI - [Management problems and diseases in reptiles. Dianosis and treatment]. PMID- 1239832 TI - Effect of daily injection of phenobarbital on ovulation in hamsters. PMID- 1239833 TI - Treatment of experimental poisoning produced by extracts of Amanita phalloides. PMID- 1239834 TI - Sensitivity of cultured embryonic heart cells to cardiotoxin obtained from Naja naja siamensis venom. PMID- 1239835 TI - The inhibitory effect of mimosine on collagen synthesis. PMID- 1239836 TI - Radioimmunoassay for plasma betamethasone 17-benzoate. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma betamethasone 17-benzoate has been developed. The antiserum used was obtained by immunizing rabbits with betamethasone 17-benzoate-21-hemisuccinate-bovine-serum-albumin conjugate. All of the endogenous steroids tested cross reacted less than 0.10%. A standard curve was established with a useful range from 0.05-5 ng. Reliability criteria were satisfactory. Measurement of plasma concentrations of betamethasone 17-benzoate was performed in patients and in rabbits following occlusive dressing of betamethasone 17-benzoate cream and gel base. PMID- 1239837 TI - Effect of peptichemio exposure on DNA synthesis in a mammalian cell system in vitro. AB - The effect of Peptichemio (PTC) on the survival and DNA synthesis in mouse L cells was studied. Experimental data show that a typical dose-survival curve is obtained when L-cells are cultivated in the presence of PTC. Exposure of L-cells to various concentrations of PTC caused an inhibition in cellular ability to synthesize DNA which is evidenced by the decreased incorporation of 3H-thymidine. This inhibition is dependent on the concentration of PTC and the time of exposure. PMID- 1239838 TI - [Unusual case of thrombopenic purpura. Analytical study]. PMID- 1239839 TI - [Change in the activity of glycolytic enzymes in different areas of the albino rat brain in dependence on the stress agent]. AB - The activity of aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes was studied in various areas of the albino rat brain in stressed state connected with insomnia and fatigue. The activity of the mentioned enzymes in the brain various areas is established to change differently and depend on the stress agent. So, under insomnia the activity of aldolase increases in the horn of Ammon and midbrain and that of lactate dehydrogenase--in the great hemispheres and cerebellum. Under conditions of fatigue the activity of aldolase does not change, that of lactate dehydrogenase lowers in the great hemispheres and stem. In fatigue the activity of isoenzyme LDG1 lowers and that of LDG4+5--increases in the great hemispheres, stem and cerebellum. The activity of these isoenzymes is unchanged with insomnia. PMID- 1239840 TI - [Effect of pyrogenes on the activity and isoenzyne spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in tissues and blood serum of guinea pigs]. AB - It is established that 2,4 DNP effect produces no changes in the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.2.3) in the heart, liver and blood serum of guinea pigs. Under the effect of lipopolysaccharide obyained from Bact. alkaligenes faecalis it increases in the liver and heart. A change in the isoenzymic spectrum is characterized bt a decrease in the LDA3, LDH4, LDH5 activity in the blood serum, an increase in the activity LDH1, LDH2 and a decrease in the LDH4, LDH5 in the myocardium, disappearance of LDH, in the liver under the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Under the effect of 2.4 DNP the activity of LDH3 in the liver increases and that of LDH3 DECREASES. PMID- 1239841 TI - [Epispadia without bladder extrophy in a female (author's transl)]. AB - A very rare case of female epispadia without bladder extrophy is presented. The main symptoms with this malformation is incontinence and the presence of a bifid clitoris. The therapy of choice is the operative reconstruction of the urethra and reforming the bladder neck. This should not be carried out before the age of three years since the post operative bladder continence training is important for the success. Lasting urinary continence can only be expected in less than 50% of the cases. PMID- 1239842 TI - [Indirect angiography of the portal vein and its tributaries]. PMID- 1239843 TI - [Acute course of paramphistomiasis in cattle and small ruminants]. PMID- 1239844 TI - [Test of anthelmintics in dicroceliosis of sheep]. PMID- 1239845 TI - [Pathologo-anatomical data on the causes of loss of swine]. PMID- 1239847 TI - [Viability of the strein K hog cholera virus in the organism of swine]. PMID- 1239846 TI - [Isolation of antigen in the diagnosis of enzootic abortion of sheep by use of the complement fixation test]. PMID- 1239848 TI - [Vital diagnosis of trichinelliasis of swine]. PMID- 1239849 TI - [Pathogenicity of T. foetus after various periods of storage]. PMID- 1239850 TI - [Level of gonadotropic hormones in the blood plasma of cows during the sexual cycle]. AB - Studied was the level dynamics of the pituitary gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH) in the blood plasma of five cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed. During the estrus cycle an average of 12 samples of 100-150 cu. cm citrate blood were taken from each cow. The determination of FSH was performed after Brown's method, and that of LH - after Parlow's method. It was concluded that both FSH and LH consistently enter the blood during the estrus cycle. Their concentration in the peripheral blood changes in accordance with the phase of the estrus cycle. During this period two peaks in the release of gonadotropic hormones in the peripheral blood are established: one at the time of estrus itself, and another after the first half of the heat cycle. PMID- 1239851 TI - [Comparative study of immunity in swine vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease vaccines prepared with various adjuvants]. AB - The vaccines used were prepared with saponin, an oil adjuvant and a DEAE-dextran adjuvant. Comparative studies revealed that vaccines containing DEAE-dextran at the rate of 50 mg pro dosi confer weaker immunity as compared with vaccines containing saponin or an oil adjuvant. Pointed out is the lack of correlation between the antibody level in the vaccinated animals and the effectiveness of the immunity conferred, which was established through challenge. Discussed is the quality of the DEAE-dextran containing vaccine in comparison with the other two F. M. D. vaccines. The practical use of the oil containing vaccine is also discussed. Studies revealed that it confers the best immunity in the vaccinated pigs. PMID- 1239852 TI - [Fluorescent microscopy in the diagnosis of Dictyocaulus infection in sheep]. AB - Fluorescence microscopy was employed to study Dictyocaulus infection in 15 experimentally infected lambs each given 2000 D. filaria larvae. Studied were also the sera of 10 control lambs and of 20 sheep and goats infected with other helminths. Antibodies were established after the 14th day in 53 per cent of the lambs, the 20th day in 86.6 per cent, and the 27th day in all animals infected with the parasite. Antigens were found mainly in the wall of the digestive and reproductive organs, and in the cuticle of the larvae. As a method of early diagnosis fluorescence microscopy is simple, precise, and readily applicable in establishing Dictyocaulus infections. PMID- 1239853 TI - [Study of the immunogenic capacity of the oocytes of E. tenella following irradiation with gamma rays]. AB - Studied was the immunizing capacity of Eimeria tenella oocysts, treated with gamma rays at the rate of 6000 R, in 10- and 20-day-old chickens. The oocysts sporulated after treatment. Applied at the rate of 50,000 R they showed lower virulence and were capable of inducing resistance to reinfection with nonirradiated oocysts at rates that were three times as much. Following reinfection some birds manifested subclinical coccidiosis but survived. This showed that the immunization with oocysts that had been irradiated with 6,000 R had its peculiar aspects. PMID- 1239854 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in a disease in swine caused by feeding bacterial contaminated 1-lysine]. AB - Studied were the lesions in the parenchymal organs and the hormonal glands in 20 pigs spontaneously died as a result of feeding with 1-lysine that had been contaminated with bacteria. The gross changes consisted of the enlargement and dark red coloration of the liver, gastroenteritis, hyperemia and hemorrhages in the kidneys and heart, oedema of the lungs and the wall of the gall bladder. Histologically, in the acute cases the liver showed hyperemia, pericapillary oedema, and granular dystrophia; in the subacute cases there were toxic dystrophy with the activation of the reticulo-endothelial system and subserous oedema in the gall bladder. The kidneys presented hyperemia, hemorrhages, and decreased volume of the glomeruloses in the subacute course of the disease. In terms of their function the heart, lungs, and kidneys displayed hemodynamic disturbances, and in the thyroid there were histologically changes characteristic of a follicular collapse. It is believed that the morphologic changes in the viscera investigated were due not to the intake of lysine itself, but to the effect of toxins produced by the concomitant microflora and the toxic amins (metabolites of the amino acids). PMID- 1239855 TI - [Antibody formation in swine vaccinated with a lapinized K-vaccine and serum against hog cholera]. AB - Immunized were experimentally a total of 10 pigs with 2 cu. cm lapinized K vaccine and 10 cu. cm swine fever serum each. Reimmunization was performed a month later using only vaccine. After three and a half months the experimental pigs were included into the group of pigs producing serum against swine fever that were preliminary simultaneously immunized against hog cholera by the classical method. Swine fever antibodies in the serum of the experimental pigs showed a concentration that was equal to that in the serum of the regular donors as in both cases the serum titer ranged within the limits of 0.10 to 0.12 cu. cm per kilogram body weight. It is concluded that pigs intended for serum producers can be immunized with a lapinized K vaccine and serum against swine fever on the farms supplying the animals. After building up the basic immunity, which lasts about three and a half months the pigs could be bought over and included for serum production. Thus, the pathogenic hog cholera virus of the simultaneous immunization at the Institute (producer of serum) will be eliminated, economizing forage and labor and premises for several months, which are necessary for serum producing pigs. PMID- 1239856 TI - [Changes in the serum proteins in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonches contortus]. AB - Infected were experimentally eight lambs with larvae of Haemonchus contortus. The test lambs were divided into two groups and were given each, by groups, 2500 and 5000 H. contortus larvae. Prior to infection and on the 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th and 50th day following it electrophoretic studies on the blood serum were performed. Results showed that certain quantitative changes in the protein fractions took place. They consist in the drop of the albumin and the rise of the globulin fractions. PMID- 1239857 TI - [Combined anesthesia in emergency and planned surgery]. PMID- 1239858 TI - [A combination of angioblastoma and fibrous dysplasia of the tibia]. PMID- 1239859 TI - [Structure of the surface of transformed cells of the L line]. AB - In normal fibroblastoid cells 30 minutes after cultivation the cortical layer would be well defined and demarcated from the adjacent cytoplasma, microfibrillae constituting it are parallel to one another and perpendicular to the cell membrane. In transformed L cells at any terms of cultivation the cortical layers is poorly defined, the boundary with the cytoplasma is indistinct, microfibrillae are disoriented. Microvilli on the cell surface represent narrow projections of the cortical layer and consist mainly of microfibrillae. Microtubules show no definite orientation. The failure of cells L to spread over the substrate is due to an impaired orientation of microfibrillae and microtubules, and formation of fine projections-microvilli. PMID- 1239860 TI - [An enzymohistochemical study of experimental tumors of the intestine]. AB - The activity of 19 enzymes (hexokinase, glucoso-6-phosphatisomerase, alpha glycerophosphate-, lactate-, succinate-, isocitrate-, malate-, glucoso-6 phosphate-, 6-phosphogluconate-, glutamate-, alcohol-, inosine-5'-phosphate-, guanosine-5'-monophosphate-dehydrogenase, cytochromoxidase NAD.N2- and NADP.N2 diaphorase, monoaminoxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase) was studied comparatively in the mucosa of control rats and in tumors of the small intestine (27), and large intestine (176), induced in 41 rats percutaneously by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine. A decreased level of the enzymes of tissue respiration and Krebs cycle was found with a simultaneous increase in the activity of the enzymes of glycolysis and pentoso-monophosphate shunt. These data evidence variations in tumor metabolism consisting in oxidizing phosphorylation, being replaced by aerobic glycosis, and also reflecting an intensive proliferation of tumor cells. PMID- 1239861 TI - [Possible association of type D oncornavirus with several forms of cancer]. PMID- 1239862 TI - [Utilization of excess phenylalanine in the diet of rats to obtain an experimental model of phenylketonuria]. AB - An excess of phenylalanine in the diet of rats was found to produce toxic action, especially strongly pronounced in animals receiving low-protein ration. A protein rich diet is shown to produce a definite protective effect in acute poisoning with phenylalanine. In the blood and hepatic tissue of rats receiving for 15-30 days a diet containing 24 per cent of caseine and 7 per cent of phenylalanine there occurred a marked disproportion of free amino acids, i.e. a state of endogenous amino acids imbalance. The nature of biochemical disorders arising in the blood of these animals essentially differs from changes characteristic of the blood of the children suffering from phenylketonuria. PMID- 1239863 TI - [Determination of copper microqualities in fish]. PMID- 1239864 TI - [The effect of gamma irradiation on polyunsaturated fatty acids in processed pork meat]. PMID- 1239865 TI - [Annual and diurnal dynamics of excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and their relation to catecholamines in school teachers]. PMID- 1239866 TI - [Effect of splenectomy on the blood coagulation system in Werlhof's disease and aplastic anemia]. PMID- 1239867 TI - Studies of the hyperkinetic syndrome -- Part I. An experimental analysis. PMID- 1239868 TI - [Guinea-pig and golden-hamster hair allergy]. PMID- 1239869 TI - [Clincial certainty in the diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 1239870 TI - [Our indications for tracheostomy and plastic closure of the tracheostoma. analysis of case reports. IInd communication]. PMID- 1239871 TI - [Neuromuscular and phlebothrombotic clinical aspects of primary magnesium deficiency]. AB - The symptomatology of the neuromuscular hyperexcitability due to magnesium deficit is non-specific. An analysis of its diagnostic criteria and of the etiological and physiopathological problems is made. The description of a phlebothrombosis syndrome due to primary magnesium deficit must lead to an investigation of the part played by this ionic disturbance in various thrombogenic conditions which may induce a leakage of this ion. Practical data related to the problems raised by the administration of oral magnesium therapy. PMID- 1239872 TI - [Immunology of the Goodpasture's syndrome]. AB - About 5% of all human glomerulonephritides are induced by basal membrane antibodies. Immunohistologically they are characterized by a linear fluorescence along the basal membrane of the glomerulum, when cuts of the kidneys of bioptic material are incubated with fluorescent anti-human-IgG-serum. Basal membrane antibodies circulating in the serum as well as antibodies eluted from renal homogenates are nephritogenic. Also recidivations of nephritis on renal homografts confirm the pathogenic significance. Basal membrane antibodies of patients with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis seem to differ only by a non existing cross-reaction to the antigen of the basal membrane of the lungs from Goodpasture basal membrane antibodies. Only a glomerulonephritis with pulmonary haemorrhage induced by basal membrane antibodies should be called Goodpasture syndrome. PMID- 1239873 TI - [Detection of a hitherto unknown ninhydrin positive substance in the haemolysate of patients with metachromatic leucodystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - A hitherto unknown substance, which appears between glycine and alanine in ion exchange chromatograms, was found in the erythrocyte cold haemolysate of two children with metachromatic leucodystophy; this substance could not be detected in the haemolysates from patients with other (brain) diseases. It would be worthwhile to test for this symptom in confirmed, still active (florid) cases of metachromatic leucodystrophy. PMID- 1239874 TI - [Correlation of hippocampal theta-rhythm with behavior in rabbits]. AB - Dynamics of the hippocampal theta-activity was studied during performance of a stably elaborated habit with drinking reinforcement. It has been shown that during running and in other forms of behaviour, belonging to the class of voluntary movements, the theta-activity takes place within the band of 7.5--12 c/s; during emotional stress without locomotion its frequency amounts to 6--7.5 c/s, during lapping movements it is equal to 5-6 c/s, during emotionally motivated and behavioral inactivation--to 2.5--5 c/s. In accordance with the data obtained in conditions of spontaneous behaviour, the observed facts allow to consider the wide spectrum of the hippocampal theta-rhythm not as a continuous, one-band, functionally uniform frequency, reflecting the continuum of arousal by its intensity,--but as consisting of discrete frequency bands which are functionally connected with different forms of behavior. PMID- 1239875 TI - [The effect of adren- and serotoninergic substances on the behavior of amygdalectomized rats and on the aggressiveness evoked by intra-amygdaloid administration of acetylcholine]. AB - The effect of serotoninergic (serotonin, 1-trytophane, imipramime, methysergide), catecholaminergic (noradrenaline, amphetamine, dopamine, 1-DOPA, iproniazid) and cholinergic drugs (physostigmine, atropine, benactyzine) on emotional reactions and orienting-motor activity, as well as the effect of these drugs on shock elicited aggressiveness enhanced by intraamygdaloid microinjection of acetylcholine was investigated in experiments on amygdalectomized male albino rats. In amygdalectomized animals, as compared to control false-operated rats, the stimulating effect of amphetamine, imipramine, tryptophane and m cholinoblockators was enhanced and their inhibitory effect was weakened. Bilateral microinjection of cholinergic drugs (acetylcholine, physostigmine and carbacholine) and noradrenaline into the amygdaloid body intensified emotional reactivity and aggressiveness. Microinjection of serotonin and dopamine inhibited aggressiveness and caused facilitaion of orienting-motor activity. It is suggested that the adrenergic system intensifies and serotoninergic system depresses the m-cholinergic trigger mechanism of aggressive behavior in limbico diencephalic structures. PMID- 1239876 TI - [Basic properties of nervous processes in twins]. AB - Characteristics of nervous processes were studied in 50 pairs of twins by the verbal motor method with a preliminary verbal instruction. A chronographic reflexmeter with programmed control was used. Statistical processing of the data and calculation of heredity coefficients by the Holsinger formula has shown that the average intrapair difference in monozygotic twins (MT) was, as a rule, smaller than in dizygotics (DT). Dispersion analysis revealed a considerable dispersion of resultative characters in DT as compared with MT. The heredity coefficients obtained for the strength of the inhibitory process (H=0.88), that of the excitatory process (H=0.50), the mobility of nervous processes (H=0.42) and the rate of conditioning (H=0.34) points to a considerable genotypic determination of the examined properties of nervous processes. PMID- 1239877 TI - [The effect of caudate nucleus stimulation on phenamine stereotypy in cats]. AB - Large doses of d,1-amphetamine produce in cats a stereotype behaviour: its chronic administration results in low variability of the behaviour of one and the same animal and a stable set of motor automatisms. This makes it possible to use the cyclography for an objective estimation of the d,1-amphetamine-induced stereotypy. Low-frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus head weakens or completely blocks the sterotype movements when current intensity is subthreshold for behavioral arrest reaction. The pecularities of the caudate control its similarity to the action of haloperidol and the absence of influence of the stimulation of the capsula interna and some thalamic nuclei on the stereotypy lead to the assumption that it is due to the depression of the inhibitory function of the caudate nucleus brought about by the intensification of the nigro striatal dopaminergic transmission. PMID- 1239878 TI - [The possibility of elaborating conditioned reflexes on the basis of emotional reactions evoked by electrical stimulation of limbic structures]. AB - In experiments on cats with chronically implanted electrodes a conditioned stimulus (200 c/s tone) was paired with electrical stimulation of limbic structures, which produces pronounced emotional behaviour: defensive, aggressive, alimentary or drinking reactions. It has been shown that conditioned reactions are not elaborated on the basis of electrical stimulation, which activates alimentary, drinking or aggressive behaviour. Neither is a conditioned reflex formed to the combination of sound and stimulation of the brain structures, which inhibits alimentary behaviour. A distinct conditioned fear reaction sets in as a result of combination of sound and electrical stimulation of brain structures, which evoke defensive behaviour. The data obtained are analyzed in the light of the significance of natural requirements of the organism for the elaboration of conditioned reflexes. PMID- 1239879 TI - [Interaction between the left and right sided systems of secretory conditioned reflexes following section of commissural pathways of the dog brain]. AB - By means of stereotype rhythmic presentation of positive and inhibitory stimuli, systems of unilateral reflexes were elaborated in dogs with symmetrical parts of the tongue brought out by Abuladze method. After section of the corpus callosum as well as of the corpus callosum and the hippocampal and fornix commissures, differentiation of stimuli in the left- and right-side reflexes systems is impeded, and the systemic nervous process is also disturbed. The significance of the interhemispheric interaction has been revealed for the formation of unilateral dominant excitation sites necessary for achievment of a distinct unilateral reaction. The longer retention of unilaterally organized sites of latent excitation after callosotomy testifies to the role of interhemispheric interaction in the timely erasing of traces of unilateral stimuli. PMID- 1239880 TI - [A periodogram analysis of the structure of a rhythmic stereotype of alimentary secretory conditioned reflexes]. PMID- 1239881 TI - [The type of higher nervous activity in twins]. AB - Exmination of twelve pairs of monozygote (MT) and dizygote (DT) twins and their control groups revealed an identity of the higher nervous activity type and a high positive intrapair and group correlation of typological parameters in MT (0.42); a predominantly different typological classification and a lower correlation in DT (0.33); a low correlation in the control group No. 1 and mere traces of general positive correlation in group No. 2 (0.07) and No. 3. The data point to the considerable genetic dependence of the higher nervous activity type; they also serve as a verification of the method used. PMID- 1239883 TI - [Formation of systems of rhythmic stereotypes of secretory and motor conditioned reflexes]. PMID- 1239882 TI - [The dynamics of forming an active defensive reflex in cats]. AB - Active defensive reflexes were elaborated in cats with pain stimulations of the forepaw by means of an electrical pricking device with a target attached to it. The elaboration was carried out during action of a flickering light used for the convenience of the EEG analysis. Repeated pain stimulation led to elaboration of an aggressive attacking reaction, chiefly manifested in the paw striking the target. At the beginning of the elaboration, passive-defensive reactions were manifest, which did not completely disappear even after formation of a stable attacking reflex. Two types of active defensive reflexes were elaborated: A-type reflex which helped the animal to get rid of the pain stimulation at the very beginning; B-type reflex which prevented the pain stimulation. The difference beteween these two types is discussed. PMID- 1239884 TI - [Formation of linear relations of potentials in the dog neocortex in a dynamic stereotype]. AB - During elaboration of a stereotype system of defensive conditioned reflexes in dogs (Pavlov dynamic stereotype), a correlation spectral analysis was made of electrical activity in the neocortex. With a stable dynamic stereotype, substantial changes of background electrical activity were observed in the interstimuli periods, manifested in a significant growth of linear relations of cortical potentials at certain frequencies. This was expressed in separation from the wide-band random process (involving background activity before the formation of the dynamic stereotype) of definite, relatively narrow ranges of frequencies which formed the high coherence of the processes. No such changes of electrical activity were observed in conditioning without a stereotype; this points to special mechanisms of the dynamic stereotype, which differ from those of ordinary conditioned reflexes. PMID- 1239885 TI - [Dissociation of reproduction of conditioned vegetative and motor reactions during retrograde electroconvulsive amnesia]. AB - It has been shown in chronic experiments on rats that electro-convulsive action applied in five to ten seconds after one-session conditioning completely precludes the reproduction of conditioned motor reactions, while conditioned bradycardiac reactions are clearly reproduced in tests one hour and 24 hours after elaboration. Unconditioned stimulus presented in another experimental situation six to seven days after elaboration and amnesic action, leads to a stable reproduction of the previously non-achieved conditioned motor reactions. The results obtained suggest that electrical seizures influence the reproduction of motor reactions, rather than fixation of temporary connection. PMID- 1239886 TI - [Direct and feedback temporary connections between unfamiliar visual stimuli]. AB - Recording of averaged evoked potentials to two successive visual stimuli shows that associations, temporary connections, direct and feedback, can be elaborated in man between two unrecognized stimuli. The magnitude of cortical late response to the first stimulus in the complex diminishes as a result of action of the inhibitory feedback temporary connection. This inhibitory effect is more pronounced when the second stimulus is emotionally significant for the subject. The evoked potential to the second stimulus in the association between unrecognized visual stimuli is considerably facilitated. The role is discussed of direct and feedback temporary connections between unrecognized stimuli in some unconscious psychic phenomena in man. PMID- 1239887 TI - [Probabilistic reinforcement and neurotic breakdown in unrestrained dogs]. AB - The substitution of a constant reinforcement for a random one with a probability of 0.5 in experiments on two dogs with a simple motor stereotype was attended with nervous breakdowns with motor excitation, inadequate orienting reactions or passive-defensive behaviour. The change in the probability of reinforcement from 0.5 to 0.3 had a positive effect in experiments on one dog, while in the other it developed drowsiness. In two other dogs with a complicated stereotype, the change in the mode of reinforcement was attended with a peculiar preventive effect of probabilistic, but ordered reinforcement in experimental surroundings, including signals with a probabilistic random reinforcement as well. In this case the dogs displayed primarily signs of emotional stress only. Behaviour was somewhat disturbed in one animal only when testing signals with a probabilistic random reinforcement. PMID- 1239889 TI - [Zinc metabolism and dynamics of zinc in lactating cows. Study plan and execution. 12. Zinc metabolism in animals]. PMID- 1239888 TI - [Reproduction of the electrophysiologic correlates of a conditioned defense reflex following electroconvulsive activity]. AB - Acute and chronic experiments on cats have shown the possibility of obtaining in one session conditioned EEG-responses and vegetative changes as well as conditioned motor reactions time-locked to the moment of the unconditioned pain stimulation omitted during testing. Electro-convulsive stimulation directly after elaboration prevents the appearance of conditioned motor reactions, while conditioned EEG and vegetative changes are retained after electric seizures. A conclusion has been drawn that the emotional component of conditioned reactions is not subjected to the amnestic effect of electro-convulsive action. PMID- 1239890 TI - Dynamics of social hierarchy in a dairy herd. AB - Factors which lead to social rank tension and dynamics of social hierarchy were analysed in a herd of dairy cattle. Socioethological characteristics were evaluated by means of the Dominance Value (DV) and the Index of Aggression (IA) which were computed for each animal of the herd. The analysis of interrelationships between DV--IA--seniority--body weight--individual pecularities elucidated some impulses of social rank dynamics. PMID- 1239891 TI - The ultrastructure of rat prostatic nuclei. PMID- 1239892 TI - Coprophagy-dependant changes of the anaerobic bacterial flora in stomach and small intestine of the rabbit. PMID- 1239893 TI - [Critical notes on delivery and perinatal mortality in single breech presentation deliveries]. AB - This report deals with 432 single breech presentation deliveries. Caesarean section frequency was 12,3%. As to the vaginal route of delivery, the simple Bracht manoeuvre had been prefered; in recent times, however, the assisted spontaneous delivery with oxytocin-infusion has been introduced. The corrected perinatal mortality was 4,9%. The rate of prematurely born infants amounted to 14,6%. The corrected perinatal mortality of infants up to 2500 g was 3,3%; of full term infants it was 1,4%. The importance of breech presentation delivery as a high risk delivery is being emphasized. Fetal monitoring and blood gas analysis were required. Indications of caesarean section and suggestions for the management of breech presentations were established. Generally caesarean section of primiparae is not recommended. The diminished rate of prematurely born infants is considered to be of great importance for the decrease of perinatal mortality of breech presentation infants. Intensive pregnancy care, widely used uterotocolysis, and cervix-cerclage in cases of breech presentation are recommended. PMID- 1239894 TI - [The structure of the intellectual defect in children with cerebral palsy born prematurely]. AB - The paper is concerned with a study of the structure of an intellectual defect in 2 groups of children with intrauteral birth trauma is characterized by a certain dissociation (in a satisfactory speech development and verbal thinking there was an insufficiency of spacial perception). The structure of an intellectual defect in children of the 2nd group (characterized by a bilirubin encephalopathy due to a physiological icterus of the prematurely born) the main feature was a defect of hearing and an underdevelopment of verbal thinking, while as the subject-visual thinking was preserved. PMID- 1239895 TI - [Experimental hyperkinesis upon systemic activation of the limbic structures of the brain]. AB - Proceeding from the standpoint of a systemic organization of nervous processes which determine the central mechanism of hyperkinesis, the authors modeled hyperkineses by a simultaneous or successional electric stimulation of the brain limbic system in dogs. It was established that there was a correlation between the external expression of hyperkineses, their stability and reproduction and the ordinal succession in which the structures are irritated. In such conditions it is possible to create a functional system where the activation of separate structures appears to be a link in the system while the separate links are inter related on the basis of inborn and developed mechanisms. PMID- 1239896 TI - Relationship between type of tobacco used and localization of tumour in patients with gastric cancer. AB - The relationship between the type of tobacco used and the localization of the tumour was studied in 493 patients with gastric cancer. The relative frequency of tumour site was found to vary significantly with the type of tobacco. In men who used all kinds of tobacco, a pipe was the most common form of smoking. Women smoked only cheroots or cigarettes or both. Male smokers showed a significantly higher percentage of tumours at the cardia than did female smokers. Female smokers had a significantly higher percentage of tumours involving the entire stomach than male smokers. Male smokers with tumours at the cardia were significantly more often pipe smokers and cigarette smokers than cheroot smokers. Male smokers with tumours involving the entire stomach were significantly more often cheroot smokers than cigarette smokers. The localization of tumours in cigarette smokers differed in men and women, indicating that cigarette smoking per se possibly plays a subordinate causal role. On the other hand, the distribution pattern of the localization among cheroot smokers was practically the same in both sexes, which might indicate that this type of smoking plays an important role. The same probably applies to pipe smoking, especially when combined with snuff or chewing tobacco, but these types of tobacco had not been used by the women. It is mentioned that not only the nature of tobacco used, but also concurrent factors may influence the localization of the tumours. PMID- 1239897 TI - [Experimental studies on the characteristics of respiratory metabolism in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells]. PMID- 1239898 TI - [Hyperuricemia and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1239899 TI - [Morphological studies of HCG producing cells and normal chorionic villi]. PMID- 1239900 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation with hemodilution--with special reference to hemolysis and peripheral circulation]. PMID- 1239901 TI - [Relationship between abdominal constriction and diseases]. PMID- 1239902 TI - [Morphological changes of the blood vessels of endo and myometrium due to aging, pregnancy and diseases]. PMID- 1239903 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies of ureteral diseases following surgical treatment of cervix neoplasms]. PMID- 1239904 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of cyclophosphamide and urokinase administration in the field of gyneco-obstetrics]. PMID- 1239905 TI - [Selective angiography of abdominal organs--with special reference to gastric diseases]. PMID- 1239906 TI - [Pharmacological studies of prazepam]. PMID- 1239907 TI - [Cardenolide glycosides of Convallaria majalis. II. Assay of convallatoxin and locundioside]. PMID- 1239908 TI - Origin and destination of the median germ cells in late somite stage and early post-somite stage duck embryos. AB - In continuation of preceding investigations, in 184 duck embryos of the developmental stages 18-27 according to Hamburger and Hamilton (about 85-140 hours of incubation) a study was done on the occurrence of median germ cells. These cells proved to be present in proportionally small numbers in the stages 19 26. Their numbers were independent of the sex of the embryos and did not show any relations whatever with changes in the numbers or distribution of the intragonadal germ cells. The temporary occurrence of the median germ cells could be shown to be due to the movement of the gonadal primordia from the splanchnopleure of the yolk sac to the ventro-medial surface of the mesonephros, and it was argued that ultimately all these germ cells reach the right of left gonad. PMID- 1239909 TI - Gross morphology of ovarian changes during the reproductive cycle of Indian lizards (Calotes versicolor and Hemidactylus flaviviridis). AB - A comparative study has been made of the reproductive cycle and gross ovarian changes in two species of Indian lizards (Calotes versicolor and Hemidactylus flaviviridis), which are oviparous. They exhibit a single, short breeding season that extends over a few months. Calotes ovalutes 10 to 32 eggs per clutch (the highest number recorded so far for lizards belonging to the family Agamidae) from last week of June to the first week of September, with July through August being the months of highest reproductive potential when monsoon occurs. From October to May, there occur reduced ovaries containing small previtellogenic follicles which begin to increase in size with the approach of June when heavy yolk deposition occurs. Hemidactylus ovulates from mid-March to mid-May, with a peak in April when there occurs an appreciable increase in day length and temperature. It usually ovulates two eggs per clutch (one from each ovary). From June to the 3rd week of February, the ovaries remain small whitish bodies, each containing 3 or 4 small previtellogenic follicles of variable size which, with the approach of March, begin to increase in size by accumulating yolk. Various indirect evidences suggest that both the lizards lay more than one clutch of eggs during the breeding season. PMID- 1239910 TI - Behavior and the balance between norepinephrine and serotonin. AB - The functions of the central monoamines Norepinephrine (NE) and Serotonin (5HT) can be clarified by the study of behaviors of rats administered selective monoamine toxins. In his home environment the low NE rat has drive deficits and is lethargic, tending to remain in his burrow, but in novel environments this animal acts less frightened than Controls. The low 5HT rat is conversely active and exploratory in familiar environments but frightened in novel environments. These two animals model aspects of depression and anxiety, respectively. 5HT can be thought of as placing the brain into a state of consciousness appropriate for an animal in his nest (i.e., 5HT neurons act as relaxers), and as involved in a type of positive affect related to security, whereas NE neurons are dominant when an animal is vigilant, foraging out in the environment and are involved in a type of positive affect related to goal-directed approach arousal. Monoamine toxins may be produced when the behaviors elicited by these central neuronal systems are negatively reinforced (extinguished). PMID- 1239911 TI - Effects of female sex hormones on histamine metabolism in guinea-pigs. AB - Determination of the urinary excretion of histamine and methylhistamine was performed in intact and gonadectomized male and female guinea-pigs. The excretion of methylhistamine varied more than that of histamine both in the same animal and between different animals. The urinary excretion of histamine and methylhistamine reflects fairly well the total histamine turnover in the animal, provided that aminoguanidine is administered to inhibit diamine oxidase activity. There was no sex difference in the excretion of histamine and methylhistamine and gonadectomy did not influence the urinary output. Female sex steroids had little ifany effect upon histamine turnover in the guinea-pig which is in contrast to the situation in rats and mice. PMID- 1239912 TI - [The effect of a long term light deprivation on the retina of the albino rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239913 TI - [Histopathological study on degeneration and regeneration of damaged photoreceptor cells. 3. Electron histochemical study on phosphorylase activity in the photoreceptor cell of the photocoagulated rabbit retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239914 TI - [Experimental studies of the effect on corticosteroids in the repairing process of damaged retinal lesion after photocoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239915 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of epinephrine choroiditis in rabbits. 3. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the retinal pigment epithelial cells in the early stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239917 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on primary open angle glaucomatous eyes: extracellular materials in the trabecular meshwork (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239916 TI - [Physiopathological aspects of hypertensive changes in the retinal vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239918 TI - [Problems on diagnosis for glaucomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239919 TI - [Problems on primary open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239920 TI - [Rivoflavin fluorescence angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239921 TI - [Platelet aggregation in retinal vein obstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239922 TI - [Video-pupillographic perimetry. Report III: reformed perimeter (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239923 TI - [The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid glycoprotein in the central nervous diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239924 TI - [A family with chronic inorganic mercurialism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239925 TI - [A study for the visual function of the primary open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239926 TI - [Glaucomatous visual field. Especially on changes in the central part (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239927 TI - [Quantitation of the "optic cup" and its clinical application. Part IV. Statistical investigation of the "Quantitative Disc Pattern" as a screening device for glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239929 TI - [The effects of absorption of visible light in the human lens on the electroretinogram. 1. Absorption spectra of lenses (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239928 TI - [Ultrasonic doppler examination of blood flow in glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239930 TI - [Effects of L-cysteine on the rabbit ERG (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239931 TI - [The minimum oxygen volume necessary for maintaining ERG of the living extracorporeal bovine eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239932 TI - [Effects of transretinal polarizing current on the P III component of the human and albino rabbit electroretinogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239933 TI - [Studies on local ERG evoked by transscleral spot illumination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239934 TI - [Studies on the clinical application of the human visual evoked potentials. (2) Macular function and VEP (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239935 TI - [Visual evoked potential in natural vision (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239936 TI - [Color vision in autosomal dominant hereditary optic atrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239937 TI - [Visual acuity and air pollution--annual changes in the central district of Tokyo (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239938 TI - [Study on the pupillary reflex of the diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239939 TI - [Pupillographic study by open loop technique--pupillary frequency characteristics in diabetic patients--(author's transl)]. PMID- 1239940 TI - [Pupillographic perimetry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239941 TI - [Research on fluctuation of accommodation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239942 TI - [Effect of bilateral round window stimulation on superficial layer neurons of superior colliculus in cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239943 TI - [Mechanical responses of rabbit superior rectus muscle (author trans)]. PMID- 1239944 TI - [A new apparatus for on-line measurements of velocity and acceleration of ocular movement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239945 TI - [A comparative analysis of pursuit, saccade and vestibuloocular eye movements in oculomotor dysfunctions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239946 TI - [The mechanism of stereopsis and brain disease in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239947 TI - [A study of CFF under binocular condion.--Each CFF at retinal corresponding points under binocular single vision-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239948 TI - [The Riddoch-Zappia phenomenon revealed in visual pathway lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239950 TI - [Studies on the off-effect of the ERGs of rabbits. I. The off-effect of in vivo ERGs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239949 TI - [Intraocular penetration and effect of tobramycin in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239951 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on the epithelial cells of human cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239952 TI - Age-dependent sensitivity of basal cells in mouse vaginal epithelium towards the diferentiating action of estrogen. AB - Following ovariectomy, the vaginal epithelium of the mouse is reduced to two layers of cells, the basal layer that constitutes the germinative compartment and surface layer. Under estrogenic influence, this tissue undergoes keratinization at the expense of asal cell only. The initially superficial cells are progressively sloughed, without taking part in the cornification process. We have shown previously that within the first 12 hours after estrogen administration (that is, before any change in mitotic activity is detected) an intermediate layer of cells is formed. Thurs, a migratory process is induced, which leads to a very rapid redistribution to basal cells into two layers... PMID- 1239953 TI - Evoked potential changes during ethanol withdrawal in rats. AB - We have recently observed an increase in central nervous system excitability during intoxication and alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics. Our present results demonstrate a similar phenomenon in rats. The hyper-excitability caused by ethanol withdrawal is still present subsequent to the overt behavioral symptoms of withdrawal. PMID- 1239954 TI - An evaluation of the role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced corneal vascularization. II. Studies on the effect of leukocytic elimination on corneal vascularization. AB - Investigations on several experimental models in the past have supported the hypotheses that corneal vascularization is a manifestation of the inflammatory response and that leukocytes perform an essential role in stimulating corneal vascular ingrowth. To evaluate the possible role of leukocytes further in this phenomenon, the effect of leukocyte elimination on corneal vascularization induced by silver nitrate cauterization was investigated. Weanling Fischer albino rats received doses of total body x-irradiation ranging from 1100 to 2100 rads to deplete circulating leukocytes, and corneal silver nitrate cauterization was performed 4 days later. In this model, animals that received 1500 rads or more total body x-irradiation became severely leukopenic within 4 days. As a rule, neither leukocytes nor blood vessels invaded the cauterized corneas, whereas both a leukocytic and vascular invasion occurred at lower doses of irradiation that did not totally eliminate circulating leukocytes. Corneal vascularization ensued if the corneal cauterization was performed immediately after total body x irradiation with 1500 rads before the leukopenic effect of x-irradiation occurred. Control studies in which the cornea was cauterized 4 days after only the head received 1500 rads x-irradiation ruled out the possibility of irradiation-induced limbal endothelial damage as the explanation for the vascular suppression observed by x-ray treatment. In nonirradiated rats, silver nitrate cauterization of the cornea consistently induced corneal vascularization by 2 to 3 days. In further experiments, methylprednisolone acetate was administered subconjunctivally after corneal cauterization. This corticosteroid inhibited the infiltration of leukocytes and the subsequent vascular invasion into the corneal stroma, if administered immediately after silver nitrate cauterization. However, when the same glucocorticoid was administered 1 day after cauterization, both a leukocytic infiltration and vascular ingrowth occurred but to a less severe degree than in non-glucocorticoid-treated cauterized corneas. These investigations together demonstrated that a vascular ingrowth of the cornea did not follow corneal cauterization with silver nitrate in the absence of leukocytes, and gives further support to the hypothesis that leukocytes serve a crucial function in corneal vascularization. PMID- 1239955 TI - Lipid content in the liver of fatty metamorphosis of pregnancy. AB - Lipid analyses were performed on the liver of a patient who died during an episode of acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and on livers from normal subjects and from subjects suffering from nutritional fatty livers. Comparison of these data indicates that in fatty liver of pregnancy the increased hepatic lipids consist primarily of free fatty acids. The recognized toxicity of fatty acids suggests a pathogenic mechanism for the disease. Nutritional fatty liver is associated predominantly with an increase in triglyceride. These changes are not the result of postmortem change, and they confirm and extend the previous data concerning the fat accumulation in human hepatic illness. PMID- 1239956 TI - Folate transport in the central nervous system. AB - Methyltetrahydrofolic acid or folic acid was infused intravenously at a constant rate into conscious untreated or methotrexate-pretreated rabbits. After 150 min, at equivalent plasma concentrations, folic acid or methyltetrahydrofolic acid readily entered the cerebrospinal fluid and probably brain by a saturable transport system. In contrast, after intraventricular injections, folic acid but not methyltetrahydrofolic acid was cleared from cerebrospinal fluid to blood by a saturable system. Intraventribular injection of folic acid at concentrations that saturated folic acid clearance from cerebrospinal fluid did not affect the transport of methyltetrahydrofolic acid from blood into cerebrospinal fluid. These results suggest that the transport system for mehtyltetrahydrofolic acid, which is about half-saturated at normal plasma concentrations, helps maintain the cerebrospinal fluid and probably brain methyltetrahydrofolic acid concentrations within relatively narrow limits. Moreover, folic acid, which the brain cannot utilize, is transported from cerebrospinal fluid. A possible locus for the systems that transport folic acid from and methyltetrahydrofolic acid into the cerebrospinal fluid is the choroid plexus. PMID- 1239957 TI - Influence of age on size and number of fat cells in the epididymal depot. AB - The extensive literature on the effect of rat age on the size and number of adipocytes in adipose tissue depots relates solely to young developing rats and young adults. Therefore a study was carried out in our laboratory on the cellular characteristics of the epididymal depot of the Fisher 344 strain of rats through virtually the entire life-span. Collagenase digests of this depot prepared from rats of 9, 13, 26, 52, 104, and 130 wk of age yield a population of cells with diameters greater than 30 mum identified as adipocytes or "fat cells." A remarkably complex pattern of changes in both the size and the number of these fat cells in the epididymal depot occurred through the life-span of the rats. The epididymal depots also contain some cells with diameters around 10 mum which have a morphology similar to that of the classic adipocytes; such cells may be preadipocytes. PMID- 1239958 TI - Parasympathetic regulation of mitosis induced in rat parotid by dietary change. AB - Mitotic activity of rat parotid was increased from levels near zero to 10-40 mitotic figures per 1,000 acinar cells (mean, 15/1,000) 2 days after glandular activity was increased from less than normal to normal by replacing liquid diet with a diet of solid chow. This frequency greatly exceeded the maximum (1-3/1,000 acinar cells) observed at any time during the diurnal mitotic fluctuations. This mitotic burst was virtually prevented if the auriculotemporal nerve was removed 2 days prior to introduction of solid chow, but was only somewhat reduced when the superior cervical ganglion was removed prior to the dietary substitution. The parasympathetic innervation also was chiefly responsible for the increased cell size that followed reintroduction of solid food. PMID- 1239959 TI - Roentgenographic features of mushroom (Amanita) poisoning. AB - The clinical and roentgenographic features of six cases of Amanita mushroom poisoning were reviewed. The roentgenographic manifestations included adynamic ileus (three patients) and small, irregularly shaped kidneys secondary to the healing process of acute tubular necrosis (one patient). Intestinal pseudo obstruction can result from many medical problems and mushroom poisoning should be considered in its differential diagnosis. PMID- 1239960 TI - Rectal and sigmoid involvement secondary to carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Three types of involvement of the rectum and recto-sigmoid by carcinoma of the prostate are reviewed through an analysis of eight cases. A fourth type with subserosal metastatic implant of the proximal sigmoid may occasionally be encountered. The roentgenographic findings are not pathognomonic, but are characteristic of extrinsic involvement of the bowel wall. When clinical symptoms are predominantly related to the bowel, carcinoma of the prostate is usually advanced. All patients presented with bone metastases, uretero-hydronephorsis, lack of function of one kidney, or both bone metastases and urinary tract obstruction. Rectoscopy and biopsy are helpful. However, biopsy specimens often show non-diagnostic features in secondary malignancy. Correct diagnosis is important, since there is a difference in treatment of primary carcinoma and of secondary involvement of the rectum by prostatic carcinoma. A diagnostic challenge exists if the patient is evaluated by barium enema examination for primary bowel symptoms, in particular, large bowel obstruction. At this time intravenous pyelography and bone survey for metastases may not be available to suggest the correct diagnosis. More widespread use of barium enema examinations in the evaluation of advanced carcinoma of the prostate is suggested, since the type of rectal disease shown on barium enema study was not clinically suspected in five of eight patients. The prognosis is usually unfavorable because of advanced carcinoma. Survival often does not exceed several months to one year. However, one of our patients is still well after three years of hormonal therapy. PMID- 1239961 TI - Accuracy of 99mTC-diphosphonate bone scans and roentgenograms in the detection of prostate, breast and lung carcinoma metastases. AB - A technetium 99m diphosphonate scan is a sensitive detector of bony metastases of breast, prostate, and lung cancer. For these particular neoplasms, a negative bone scan in an asymptomatic patient is adequate evidence for absence of bony metastases and a correlative roentgenographic examination may not be necessary. Positive studies demonstrating multiple characteristic discrete areas of increased activity should be considered strong evidence for metastases. Single equivocal lesions require roentgenographic and occasionally biopsy correlation. If roentgenography fails to reveal the source of increased uptake, (e.g., degenerative disease) the scan lesion should remain suspicious for metastases. PMID- 1239962 TI - Have we lost our way? AB - There are many serious problems that beset society in general and medicine in particular. Some are related to the social and economic revolution that currently involves the world and will necessarily affect the practice of surgery. There is considerable evidence to indicate that one of the main battlefronts in this revolution is the practice of surgery. A review of five aspects of our current professional life has emphasized the complexity and significance of the problems with which we are confronted. It would seem that we are responsible for some of these problems and the associated confusion. In many instances, and perhaps most, it would appear that our problems and the related attempts at their solution have developed with the planning and help of other political, social, and legal groups, and often to their advantage but to the disadvantage of our patients and us. In our effort to find solutions to these problems, a vicious cycle has been established which, in turn, has produced deleterious effects and the impairment of surgical practice. As changes have been introduced in rapid succession, confusion and frustration have occurred. To eliminate confusion, committees have been appointed to solve the problems. In most instances the solutions developed by committees produced more problems which, in turn, required the appointment of still more committees which also created problems along with the development of their solutions. Consequently, the pace of academic and hospital functions has progressively increased to the point that a professional time and energy drain has been created. As the professional energy drain has increased, there has been a decrease in patient care and a breakdown of the system provided to supply this care, due in large measure to the erosion of the surgeon's time by administrative, committee, and various other nonprofessional activities. With the breakdown of hospital surgical practice, a loss of direction and a loss of control have developed. PMID- 1239963 TI - [Effect of certain neurotropic drugs on the process of ovulation]. PMID- 1239964 TI - [State of the uterine and vaginal epithelium and content of sex chromatin in rats after administration of sex hormones]. PMID- 1239965 TI - [Ultrasonic placentography]. PMID- 1239967 TI - A computer interfaced dual-beam rapid scan stopped-flow system for the study for transients in enzyme reactions. PMID- 1239966 TI - [Plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and electrolyte balance in the postoperative period (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma renin-activity and plasma aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in 15 female patients before and 16 hours after intraabdominal surgery. Plasma renin was increased in all patients and plasma aldosterone in 12 patients after operation. Plasma renin and plasma aldosterone were correlated significantly (r=0.66, p less than 0.01) in the whole group. The increase of renin and plasma aldosterone was correlated inversely to urinary sodium-potassium-ratio. In 5 patients the increase of plasma renin and plasma aldosterone could not be prevented by the intra- and postoperative administration of 360 mEq of sodium, which was consequently retained. It is proposed that postoperative hyperaldosteronism is at least partly mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. An absolute or relative sodium deficit appears to be an unlikely explanation for the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-system in the postoperative period. The postoperative increase of plasma renin and consequently plasma aldosterone is possibly a consequence of anaesthetic induced impaired kidney perfusion and/or catecholamine mediated stimulation of renin release. PMID- 1239968 TI - Preparation of 125I-labeled secretin of high specific radioactivity. PMID- 1239970 TI - [The inner lymphatic system of the uterus of the cow. II. Lymph capillaries and lymphatics of the myometrium]. PMID- 1239969 TI - An automated method for the fluorescamine reaction using a peristaltic pump. PMID- 1239971 TI - [The inner lymphatic system of the uterus of the cow. III. Lymph capillaries of the endometrium]. PMID- 1239972 TI - [Plasma cell dyscrasia with arteriopathy, polyneuropathy, and endocrine syndrome. A Japanese disease in an Italian patient]. AB - Japanese authors have described a new syndrome: plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorders. So far this syndrome has been found only in Japanese patients. A new case, with diffuse arteriopathy and mediacalcosis, has been seen in a yound italian patient. PMID- 1239973 TI - [First European case of adiaspiromycosis due to Emmonsia parva (Emmons and Ashburn) Ciferri and Montemartini 1959, in a mammal: Apodemus flavicollis]. PMID- 1239974 TI - [Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) in Leucophaea maderae (Dictyoptera: Blattidae): crossing of the intestinal wall]. AB - Attempts to infect Leucophaea maderae by feeding them with matured proglottids of Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna, show that only a few embryos are able to go through the midgut wall. During this passage, the parasites induce in the host a cellular reaction into the epithelium and an hemocytic reaction outside. Further development does not occur and embryos cannot reach the cysticercoid stage. PMID- 1239975 TI - [Farnesol and neuroleptics. I. Reinforcement by farnesol of the experimental cataleptigenic effect of neuroleptics]. PMID- 1239976 TI - Outpatient anaesthesia in Finland: drugs used and postoperative care of patients. AB - To shed light on the practice of outpatient anaesthesia in Finland 126 hospitals performing outpatient surgery were asked about the drugs used and about postoperative care. 64% of the hospitals replied. Intravenous were more popular than inhalation agents. Diazepam (57%), propanidid (52%) and thiopentone (52%) were the most commonly used drugs. Nitrous oxide, mostly in combination with other anaesthetics, diazepam with pethidine, and halothane were used in 48%, 41% and 36% of the hospitals respectively. Divinylether and diethylether were employed in 35% and 15% respectively. Propanidid, thiopentone and diazepam were the first choice in 29%, 21%, and 11% respectively, while divinylether was still the first choice agent in 11%. Most central hospitals used nitrous oxide (82%), thiopentone (65%), halothane (60%), propanidid (50%) and methohexitone (25%). Small hospitals, where anaesthesia was not administered by specialists, most frequently used ethers (divinylether 51%, diethylether 29%), diazepam with pethidine (54%), propanidid (49%) and diazepam alone (34%). After propanidid, thiopentone and methohexitone patients were generally kept in hospital for 3 hours and advised against driving for between 17 to 20 hours. It is concluded that the choice of drugs seems appropriate. However, supplementation with nitrous oxide could reduce the high doses of intravenous anaesthetics used and result in reduced side-effects and more rapid recoveries. The wide use of involved anaesthetic techniques in rural areas stresses the importance of teaching anaesthesiology to general practitioners. PMID- 1239977 TI - Familial hypouricaemia due to renal tubular defect of urate transport. AB - A 28-year-old man was found to have hypouricaemia (plasma uric acid, 0.40 to 1.25 mg/100 ml). The 24-hour urinary urate excretion on a low purine diet was 690 mg, a value higher than the mean value of 419 mg for gouty Japanese patients. Urate clearance was 88.5 ml/min--approximately the same as the endogeneous creatinine clearance. The ratio of urate clearance to creatinine clearance was scarcely altered by pyrazinamide, but diminished by probenecid (from 69.2% to 52.4%). No other renal tubular abnormalities were detected. The findings in this subject may be accounted for by a nearly complete tubular defect in reabsorptive transport mechanisms of urate. A survey of his family revealed at least three similarly affected persons, who were all from consanguineous marriages. The hypouricaemia was transmitted as an autosomal trait. PMID- 1239979 TI - Post-lesion yawning and thalamotomy site. AB - Yawning during hyperventilation occurred in certain patients post-thalamotomy. It was found that all of the lesions which elicited yawning (during the routine recording of electroencephalograms) were localized to the medial portion of the center-median nucleus. Yawning was noted to persist up to 3(1/2) years post surgery. Another group of patients who yawned when hyperventilated were patients with a history of a recent head injury who showed post-traumatic behavioral changes. Patients in both groups were young. There was no direct relationship between yawning and EEG abnormality. It was suggested that yawning during hyperventilation may serve as a sign of brain damage, especially at the brain stem level, in young patients. PMID- 1239978 TI - Comparison of the antiviral effects of 5-methoxymethyl-deoxyuridine with 5 iododeoxyuridine, cytosine arabinoside, and adenine arabinoside. AB - The antiviral activity of 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (MMUdR) was compared with that of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and adenine arabinoside (Ara-A). At concentrations of 2 to 4 mug/ml, MMUdR was inhibitory to herpes simplex virus type 1, but concentrations as high as 128 mug/ml were not inhibitory to three other herpesviruses tested (equine rhinopneumonitis virus, murine cytomegalovirus, and feline rhinopneumonitis virus) or to vaccinia virus. The other nucleosides, in contrast, were inhibitory at similar concentrations (1 to 8 mug/ml) against all viruses tested. The inhibition of HSV-1 by MMUdR appeared to be the result of interference with virus replication rather than the result of drug toxicity to host cells. The drug was not toxic to host cells at 100 times the antiviral concentrations, and pretreatment of host cells with high concentrations of MMUdR had no effect on subsequent virus replication. Combination of MMUdR with either IUdR, Ara-A, or Ara-C gave an enhanced antiviral effect, suggesting that the mechanism of action of MMUdR is different from that of the other three drugs. Antiviral indexes were calculated for each compound and were found to be >250, 80, 40, and 8 for MMUdR, IUdR, Ara-A, and Ara-C, respectively. These were defined as the minimum dose at which toxicity was observed microscopically divided by the dose which reduced plaque numbers by 50%. PMID- 1239981 TI - [Microscopic and ultrastructural study of a Stewart-Treves tumor]. PMID- 1239982 TI - Proceedings: Recognition of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in childhood. PMID- 1239980 TI - Effect of substrates on acetoin production by Torulopsis colliculosa and Enterobacter species. AB - Under optimal conditions, Torulopsis colliculosa NRRL 172 and Enterobacter B-87 (ATCC 27613) produced 50 to 500 mg of acetoin per g of substrate. Whereas cane molasses, gur, glucose, and sucrose were suitable substrates for acetoin production, lactose and mannitol supported very good growth but yielded little or no acetoin. Production of acetoin increased with increases in the concentration of glucose, yeast extract, and peptone. Combination of substrates and intermittent feeding of substrate failed to increase the yields. PMID- 1239984 TI - Human and rodent infection with the cestode Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine, 1870), Baer, 1956 in Zambia. PMID- 1239983 TI - [Comparative autoradiographic in vitro-examinations of cell proliferation in normal and psoriatic epidermis using autologous plasma and eagles basel medium with 10% fetal calf serum for incubation (author's transl)]. AB - In normal human epidermis and in psoriasis we examined the cytokinetics under in vitro-conditions. We found a continuity of DNA-synthesis during the first 2 hrs of incubations. There were no significant differences between the data obtained by incubation in autologous plasma or in Eagles Basal Medium with 10% fetal calf serum. PMID- 1239985 TI - Differences due to species, sex and pregnancy in microsomal induction by diphenylhydantoin in rabbits and rats. AB - Diphenylhydantoin sodium (DPH), 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days markedly induced aminopyrine, hexobarbital and aniline in vitro biotransformation, and increased P 450 level in microsomes and liver microsomal protein content in female and male rabbits. However, in pregnant rabbits, only aniline biotransformation was stimulated by DPH. In female nonpregnant rats, DPH also significantly stimulated in vitro hepatic biotransformation of aminopyrine, hexobarbital and aniline, and increased P-450 level in microsomes and liver to body weight ratio. In male rats, however, none of the pathways was stimulated significantly despite increases in P 450 level; the liver to body weight ratios were significantly increased. In day 15 pregnant rats only hexobarbital and in day 20 aminopyrine and aniline biotransformation were significantly increased by DPH-pretreatment. Responsiveness of hepatic microsomal enzymes in rats was apparently decreased on day 15 of pregnancy but was returning towards normal on day 20. Normal and DPH stimulated rates of biotransformation, and P-450 content of microsomes were higher in male than in female rats. These sex differences were not seen in rabbits. Rabbits of either sex generally responded to stimulation by DPH by substantially higher hepatic microsomal biotransformation rates than rats. PMID- 1239986 TI - Effects of chronic administration of heroin on rats trained on two food reinforcement schedules. AB - The effects on behaviour and growth of rats given heroin s.c. every 8-hr, and during withdrawal (saline q.8.h.) were studied. Performance of rats trained on one food-reinforcement schedule (FR-10 or VI-10) was tested every day after one of the injections of saline or heroin. Doses of 0.25 mg/kg/injection heroin hydrochloride were increased stepwise to 32 mg/kg as "behavioural tolerance" developed. Threshold doses which blocked feeding in the first 30 min of testing ranged from 0.75 to 4.0 mg/kg and "tolerance" to 32 mg/kg/injection required from 18-71 + days. Heroin interrupted growth in heavier rats; lighter rats gained like saline-treated controls. Within 48 hr of withdrawal bar-pressing increased but all rats lost weight, were hyperirritable, and had diarrhoea. Thereafter, performance and body weight rose steadily. Administration of heroin at regular intervals over a prolonged period, and withdrawal from it, cause a disruption in behaviour comparable to that reported for morphine. PMID- 1239987 TI - A model of the endocrine regulation of the female reproductive organs. AB - A biocybernetical analysis was accomplished for a better understanding of the hormonal management in breast cancer therapy, which is based on reported experimental facts and observations. By this a graphentheoretical model of regulation could be obtained answering some unsolved questions. These questions concern the hypothalamic control of the LTH secretion, the regression of the reproductive organs, the significance of that cyclic testosterone secretion by the ovaries recently reported, and the importance of HCG in the establishment of pregnancy and in proliferation of mammary tissue. PMID- 1239988 TI - [Ontogeny of spermatozoal auto-antigens in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1239989 TI - [Efficacy of certain organophosphate insecticides as ovicides against the "maculipennis" group]. PMID- 1239990 TI - Electron microscopical study of initial and final stages of fowl plague virus replication in chick embryo cells. AB - Cellular uptake of fowl plague virus occurs 10-30 minutes after inoculation of chick embryo cells. The penetration of the virions is by pinocytosis (viropexis); fusion with the cellular membrane has not been observed. After pinocytosis the virions become gradually disintegrated. Budding of newly formed virions from the cellular membrane starts 3 hours post inoculation (p.i.) and reaches its maximum 8 hours p.i. At the same time budding takes place into electron microscopically empty and autophagic vacuoles. Eight hours p.i. about 3 per cent of the infected cells show budding of virions from the surface and into cytoplasmic vacuoles. Labelling of the cellular membrane with ruthenium red demonstrated that these cytoplasmic vacuoles are not simple cross-sections of invaginations of the cellular membrane. Cluster-like structures were found at 6 hours p.i. in the nuclei of infected cells; however, the suggestion that the clusters develop from nucleoli could not be confirmed. PMID- 1239991 TI - Binding of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid with cultured cells. AB - Homogenates prepared from polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid copolymer [poly(rI) - poly(rC)]-treated cells exhibited antiviral activity in chick embryo, L and rabbit kidney cells. The antiviral activity in the homogenate co-sedimented with cellular membrane material and was shown to be poly(rI) - poly(rC) by a hybridization competition test with immobilized polyribocytidylic acid. The results indicate that poly(rI) - poly(rC) binds firmly to cellular membrane. These studies, however, could not differentiate between specific binding leading to the interferon induction and non-specific binding possibly unrelated to the induction of interferon. PMID- 1239992 TI - [Trigger properties of gonadotropic hormones and oocyte factors in connection with the germinal epithelium of the rat testis]. AB - In order to reveal possible stimulation of growth of the germinal epithelium of the rat's injured testicle the animals were injected follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones and their mixture as well as homogenate of fertilized egg cells during two weeks. Changes of neurosecretion in large-cell nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus, cellular set in the adenohypophysis and the condition of the germinal epithelium in the gonad under study were investigated. Identical phenomena of reduction (having quantitative distinctions) took place due to effects of exogeneous honadotropins in neurosecretory nuclei and the adenohypophysis. In testicular tubules there occurred pronounced proliferation of the germinal epithelium, but spermatogenesis was absent. Egg-cell homogenate failed to cause changes in neurosecretion and adenohypophysis but resulted in completing the developmental cycle of the germinal epithelium with mature spermatozoa. The effect of gonadotropins upon the system hypothalamus-hypophysis is explained by feed-back mechanism, and the absence of spermatogenesis--by the lack of androgens. The rsults of egg-cell homogenate effects should be associated with local stimulating effects of DNA of the dividing egg-cell. PMID- 1239993 TI - [Trisomy of an autosome in mice heterozygous by a Robertson translocation]. AB - From 866 embryos of mice heterozygous by Roberstsonian translocations 54 ones (6,2%) had trisomy of one of translocated chromosomes. The frequency of trisomy is unique for each translocation, dependent on other chromosomal redistributions in the karyotype and on sex of heterozygous individuals. Trisomy of all the autosomes studied (N 1, 5, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 19) results in a characteristic complex of non-specific malformations which includes general delay in development, reduction of the cephalic portion of the nervous tube, cranio fascial malformations, hypertrophy of the heart cavities. In a number of cases autosomal trisomy (N 15,8) is responsible for certain specific disturbances of morphogenesis. The excess of majority of autosomes (N 5, 8, 9, 15, 16 and 17) causes death of embryos in the period of active organogenesis. Embryos with trisomy of the 1st, 14th and 19th pairs of autosomes in certain cases reach the fetal period but have severe malformations and are non-survival. In mice karyotype there seems to be no autosomes whose trisomy is compatible with postnatal development. Signs of similarity and difference in manifestation of numericle chromosomal aberrations were noted in embryogenesis of mice and man. Principle possibility of modelling chromosomal embryopathy of man in mice with Robertsonian translocations is supposed. PMID- 1239994 TI - Information content of rat scotophobin. PMID- 1239995 TI - Comment on Harmatz, Boelkins, and Kessler (1975): habituation not primer pheromone reduces attack in odor-exposed mice. PMID- 1239996 TI - [Decomposition of lipids by autolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1239997 TI - A column radioimmunoassay method for the determination of digoxin. PMID- 1239998 TI - Antiviral activity of 5-thiocyanatopyrimidine nucleosides. PMID- 1239999 TI - [Some epidemiological factors which favor intestinal parasitic infections in Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240000 TI - [Study on the inhibition of testicular polyadenylate polymerase stimulated by manganese]. AB - Many different types of naturally occurring substances and of drugs were examined as potential inhibitors of a Mn++-stimulated and poly(A)-primed polyadenylate polymerase that was partially purified from rat testis. By far the most active inhibitors were anionic dyes that were either of the diazo naphthyl sulfonate category, such as Evans Blue, or were halogenated derivatives of fluorescein, like Rose Bengal. The characteristics of these in vitro inhibitions, which did not involve any photo-sensitized reactions, were examined in considerable detail. PMID- 1240001 TI - [General anesthetics and fluidity of biomembranes. II. Study with fluorescent probes]. PMID- 1240002 TI - [Further studies of tissue levels of sulfonamides in rats, using the method of the area under the curve]. PMID- 1240003 TI - [Clinical rhino-rheomanometry. I. Values in normal subjects]. PMID- 1240004 TI - Oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin levels in rat peripheral plasma. AB - Radioimmunoassay methods for the determination of oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin have been examined for their reliability and applied to the measurement of hormone concentrations in the plasmas from male and female rats. Prolactin was detectable in all samples (greater than 7 ng RP-1 ng/ml) but the concentration of oestradiol-17 beta was below the sensitivity of the method (greater than 0-10 ng/100 ml) in ovariectomized females. Plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentration rose gradually from metoestrus to proestrus and fell to barely detectable levels in oestrus. Plasma prolactin concentration was very variable even for rats in the same stage of the oestrous cycle but values were minimal in the afternoon of diestrus and a surge in secretion occurred in the afternoon of proestrus. In addition to the stage of the oestrous cycle, the prolactin concentration was influenced by mode of blood collection, degree of haemolysis and choice of serum or plasma. There was no correlation between the concentration of prolactin and that of oestradiol-17 beta in the same sample of plasma. PMID- 1240005 TI - 3-Methylcholanthrene uptake and metabolism in organ culture. AB - The uptake of 3-methycholanthrene and its metabolism to water-soluble derivatives were both determined in organ cultures of mouse and rat tissues, including prostate, skin, lung and skeletal muscle. All the tissues concentrated the carcinogen from the medium and metabolized part of it to water-soluble compounds. The uptake of tritiated 3-methylcholanthrene was highest in the absence of serum and declined with rising serum concentration. Except for skeletal muscle, it was consistently higher in the murine tissues. The uptake of the hydrocarbon by rat and mouse prostates rose rapidly with time, reaching a maximum after 18 h incubation; the amounts of carcinogen in the tissue then declined and remained at a lower level for the rest of the observation period. The major part of the radioactivity was released within 5 h of transferring the explants to medium without the tracer; 25-40% of the peak concentration of carcinogen, however, still remained in the tissue and further medium changes could not remove any more. Addition of unlabelled 3-methylcholanthrene to the initial incubation increased the radioactivity taken up and caused substantially larger quantities of the carcinogen to be retained after the medium had been changed. The explants converted between 15% and 30% of the 3-methylcholanthrene which they had incorporated to water-soluble derivatives within 48 h but there was no obvious relationship between the amounts of hydrocarbon taken up by the different tissues and the proportions metabolized. A considerable part of the 3-methylcholanthrene in the explants remained unconverted 24 h after its removal from the medium. PMID- 1240006 TI - Proceedings: Separation of subpopulations of rat lymph node cells cytotoxic for tumour target cells and capable of inhibiting cytotoxicity in vitro. PMID- 1240007 TI - Proceedings: Vinyl chloride carcinogenesis. PMID- 1240008 TI - A method for detecting factor-VIII clotting activity associated with factor VIII related antigen in agarose gels. AB - A method for detecting factor-VIII clotting activity in agarose is described. It is based on factor VIII promoting coagulation in a mixture of haemophilic plasma in agarose which is detected by a change in opacity. When this test was used to detect factor-VIII clotting activity in a one-dimensional Laurell electroimmunoassay for factor VIII-related antigen all the factor-VIII activity was found in the same position as the factor VIII-related antigen immunoprecipitate. Factor-VIII clotting activity did not appear to be simply trapped in this immunoprecipitate and therefore it has been concluded that the molecule containing factor-VIII clotting activity carries factor VIII-related antigen determinants. PMID- 1240010 TI - Mathematical modelling of cell cycle and chronobiology: preliminary results. AB - A mathematical model taking into account the observed diurnal variations in cell kinetics is presented. The principle of the method is to divide each phase of the cell cycle in a definite number of compartments and to assume that the fluxes into and out of the compartments corresponding to the G1 phase are the only varying parameters through the day. Theoretical evolutions of percentages of cells in M and S phase, theoretical curves for percentage labelled mitosis experiment are derived. Preliminary results of the applications of the model to interpretation of published experimental data obtained in hamster cheek pouch epithelium are shown. PMID- 1240009 TI - [Quantitative content of total polar lipids in soybean seeds Glycine max (L.) Merr]. AB - The exhaustive extraction of lipids from soybean seeds in the native state, separation of polar lipids and determination of their functional groups (ester and phosphate) revealed that dry seeds may contain 36,7 mumole (+/- 4,6%) of polar lipids and 25,9 mumole (+/- 1.1%) phospholipids per gramme. PMID- 1240011 TI - Use of synchronization induced by cyclophosphamide in a methylcholanthrene sarcoma with circadian proliferation to rational sequential chemotherapy. AB - Owing to the circadian activity of tumoral proliferation, cyclophosphamide (CPA) morning injection exerts, on a methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma, a preferential oncostatic effect. This morning injection is followed by a temporary inhibition of mitoses preceding a high mitotic peak, explained by chemo-induced synchronization of tumor cells. Whereas single vinblastine (VLB) administration has no antitumoral effect, an injection of VLB during the described peak is able to improve oncostatic effect of cyclophosphamide. Moreover, the VLB administration at the same moment as CPA suppresses antineoplastic activity of the latter. PMID- 1240012 TI - Administration in mental health: issues, problems, and prospects. AB - The mental health field has grown larger and more complex in recent years, but this has not been equalled by increased administrative sophistication. Two problems, neither one irremediable, have contributed to this state of affairs. First, mental health organizations have generally been administered by mental health professionals with little administrative knowledge or training. And second, we have often failed to recognize the very special circumstances faced by administrators in the mental health field. These special circumstances are legion. For one thing, mental health services depend on public funding and must often deal with a high degree of government regulation. For another, the typical staff in a mental health organization is multidisciplinary, professional, and highly autonomous-a bit like a Navy with more admirals than ships. Then too, the transaction between therapist and patient is much more private and intimate in mental health than in most other fields; we are often dealing with a highly dependent patient population; our product is intangible and the success achieved is hard to judge; the boundaries of the field are very hard to define; and the enduring public stigma associated with use of mental health services, combined with the problem of confidentiality, complicates the administrative task. Finally, on top of all this, it is absolutely essential that the mental health administrator understand the need to create and maintain an organizational climate of efficacy and hope. Taken individually, many of these conditions have obvious counterparts in other fields; but taken as a group, they separate mental health from all the other human services, even ones that are closely related. To be effective, therefore, academic programs in mental health administration must reflect these conditions by developing specialized curricula and training procedures. PMID- 1240013 TI - Analysis of the principal problems impeding normal development of malaria eradication programs. AB - The problems currently impeding the advance of anti-malaria programs in the Americas fall into several different categories. These include vector resistance to insecticides, parasite resistance to chloroquine, human behavior patterns which promote human/vector contact or reduce the impact of control efforts, and developments affecting operation, administration, and financing of the control program itself. Vector resistance, of course, may be either physiological, behavioral, or both. With regard to physiological resistance, four of the ten anopheline species considered important in the Americas have shown physiological resistance to at least one insecticide in some part of their range. One of the most serious and complex problems of this kind currently confronts El Salvador, where generalized Anopheles albimanus resistance to both DDT and propoxur (along with operational and administrative difficulties) has sparked a considerable rise in malaria incidence. In many places, such physiological resistance is closely related to indiscriminate use of insecticides in agriculture. Here corrdinated action by each country's malaria, health, and agricultural services is urgently needed. Besides physiological factors, the article reviews ways in which vector behavior creates problems. With regard to residual spraying on the inside walls of houses, such behavioral resistance may involve failure to come to rest after biting, resting for only a short period, resting on unsprayed surfaces, or resting only outside the house. Concerning the malaria parasite itself, Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine has been found in parts of Brazil, Columbia, Guyana, Panama, Surinam, and Venezuela over the past 15 years. Furthermore, the rapidity of modern travel has greatly increased the chances for importing malaria cases from areas of P. falciparum resistance into areas now free of this problem. PMID- 1240014 TI - Toxicological assessment of new foods. PMID- 1240015 TI - Selective induction of labour. AB - In a prospective study of 1000 consecutive primigravidae labour was induced on 95 occasions. None of 16 perinatal deaths and none of 4 cases of suspected brain damage occurred after prolonged pregnancy or pre-eclampsia. It is concluded that a low incidence of induction is compatible with good results and that enthusiasm for the statistical concept of high risk in obstetric practice should be reviewed in the interest of mothers and children as individuals. PMID- 1240016 TI - Purification of polygalacturonases produced by Botrytis cinerea E-200. PMID- 1240017 TI - Characterization of polygalacturonases of Botrytis cinerea E-200. PMID- 1240018 TI - Morphological picture of testes of bulls infected with microorganisms of the genus Chlamydia. PMID- 1240019 TI - Phototaxis of the Myxomycetes. Behaviour of old plasmodia in white light. PMID- 1240020 TI - [Triplets, 2 of which are twins with phenylketonuria]. PMID- 1240021 TI - Studies on peptides. LIV. Synthesis of the protected tetradecapeptide corresponding to positions 9 through 22 of porcine motilin, a gastric motor activity stimulating polypeptide. PMID- 1240022 TI - Studies on peptides. LVII. Synthesis of the octadecapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of equine beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. PMID- 1240023 TI - Mechanism for interference of ethinamate in Zimmermann test for determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids. PMID- 1240024 TI - Epiphyseal injuries in athletes. PMID- 1240025 TI - [Secretion of anterior pituitary hormone with special reference to the mode of secretion during sleep]. PMID- 1240027 TI - [8 cases of pituitary dwarfism associated with hypothyroidism, with special reference to GH and its relation to thyroid functions]. PMID- 1240026 TI - [Ovulation following the treatment of chorionic tumors]. PMID- 1240028 TI - [Cushing's syndrome caused by adrenal gland adenoma which was with latent discovery of co-existence of primary hypothyroidism following the surgery]. PMID- 1240030 TI - [Studies on drug therapy of hypofunction of gastric motility in gastroptosis]. PMID- 1240029 TI - [25-OHD3 in the blood in various diseases]. PMID- 1240031 TI - [Serum prolactin, GH, TSH, LH, FSH in hypothalamo-pituitary diseases]. PMID- 1240032 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of FSH and FSH immunoactivity in human chorionic gonadotropin]. PMID- 1240033 TI - [Methods of serum corticosteroid determination--a comparative study]. PMID- 1240034 TI - [Experimental studies on the determination of serum aldosterone by direct extraction using aldosterone-radioimmunoassay-kit (CIS) but without chromatography]. PMID- 1240035 TI - [Secretin--with special reference to its extraction, purification and bioassay methods]. PMID- 1240036 TI - [Steroids biosynthesis in the ovary]. PMID- 1240037 TI - [Key points in the study of androgen biosynthesis--5 alpha-reduced androgen biosynthesis in the sex glands of young rodents]. PMID- 1240038 TI - [Sex steroid hormones and pharmacology]. PMID- 1240039 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of TSH kit phadebas]. PMID- 1240040 TI - [Age-related changes of serum testosterone, estrogens, LH and FSH from birth to puberty, and sex differences in the maturation of hypophyseal-gonadal system in childhood]. PMID- 1240041 TI - [Hormonal changes during normal menstrual periods and reserve capacity of the pituitary gland]. PMID- 1240042 TI - [Cushing's syndrome caused by multiple nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 1240044 TI - [Determination of human placental lactogen in the blood of pregnant women by RCC HPL-RIA kit--experimental studies]. PMID- 1240043 TI - [Determination of urinary estrogen in non-pregnant women by E3 Hair kit, with special reference to its application in monitoring during HMG treatment]. PMID- 1240045 TI - [Thyroid gland function test by T-4 RIA kit]. PMID- 1240046 TI - Reactive lymphoid cells ('Immunoblasts') in autoimmune and haematological disorders. AB - Reactive changes in the lymphoid cells are seen in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and the degree of reactivity is related to the activity of the disease. The test may be useful as an early indication of relapse in autoimmune disease. Changes are also described in the lymphoid cells of the blood in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, which are identical with those seen in other autoimmune disorders, in infections, and following immunization. This provides supporting evidence for the autoimmune nature of this disease. In contrast with this, patients with aplastic anaemia have been found to have entirely normal lymphoid cell populations in the peripheral blood and provide no evidence that this condition has an autoimmune basis. PMID- 1240047 TI - In vitro culture of functional human thymic epithelium. AB - Cultures of pure epithelial cells have been obtained from human thymus. Incubation of spleen cells from adult thymectomized mice on these cultures rendered RFC sensitive to inhibition by anti-theta serum, whereas no effect was obtained with fibroblasts or spleen cell cultures. The fact that theta conversion was obtained when spleen cells were incubated in the thymic culture placed within a Millipore chamber indicates that theta conversion was due to the effect of a humoral factor. PMID- 1240049 TI - [Liver circulation in patients with liver cirrhosis in relation to general anesthesia and surgery]. PMID- 1240048 TI - Evidence of donor suppression of anti-donor PFC responses in mice. AB - Mice receiving high doses of mitomycin C-treated allogeneic spleen donor cells produced more host anti-donor plaque-forming cells than mice receiving high doses of untreated allogeneic spleen donor cells, showing that immunocompetent donor cells capable of recognizing host H-2 antigens can suppress host anti-donor H-2 primary antibody responses. Responses to semi-allogeneic spleen donor cells were consistently lower than responses to allogeneic cells. Low doses of normal allogeneic spleen donor cells showed stimulation of the host anti-donor PFC response compared with similar doses of mitomycin C-treated allogeneic spleen donor cells. PMID- 1240050 TI - Correlation between sexual maturation and induction of persistent estrus by continuous illumination. AB - The rats brought up under continuous illumination from the neonatal day persist in the rhythmic estrous cycle for long time and do not easily reveal so-called continuous vaginal estrus. On the contrary, immature rats at about 30 days of age show the persistent estrus soon after exposure to continuous illumination as well as adult rats. The purpose of this paper was to examine the relation of the age placed under continuous illumination and the time required to reach the persistent estrus. As the results, it was found that the younger rats need proportionally the longer time to reach the persistent estrus; the rats which were transferred into continuously illuminated environment at 0 (group A), 5 (group B), 10 (group C), 15-16 (group D) and 30 (group E) days of age required a mean time of 132.1 +/- 8.4, 126.8 +/- 8.9, 89.7 +/- 6.2, 91.5 +/- 3.8 and 70.3 +/ 3.0 days after birth to reach the persistent estrus, respectively. In the present data, a significant difference was seen between group B and C. Though all rats were killed after the same length of persistently estrous periods, actual endocrine level appeared to differ among the groups; the rats required longer time to reach the persistent estrus had smaller ovaries and adrenals. PMID- 1240051 TI - [Morphologic and morphometric studies on the prolactin and STH cells of the adenohypophysis of milked and unmilked cows)]. AB - By morphological and morphometric methods the appearance of prolactin- and STH cells of the adenohypophysis from unmilked and milked cows was investigated. The prolactin-cells were influenced by the milking stimulus, but not the STH-cells. The morphological results speak in favour of a release of secretes immediately after milking. The following synthesis brings back the prolactin-cells to the normal condition. Immediately after milking the morphometric results indicate a significant shrinkage of the nuclear volumes of the prolactin-cells; afterwards they reach the initial value. It is discussed, that in the prolactin-cells the milking stimulus causes an extreme increase in activity being associated with the release of prolactin. PMID- 1240052 TI - Droplet size of cooling tower fog. AB - Fog from cooling towers causes problems of visibility and icing along roadways adjacent to the towers; moreover, the visible plume from the towers offers difficulty in that it is equated by much of the public with air pollution. It is desirable to know the size of the fog droplets in order to plan abatement procedures and to determine the airborne lifetimes of such fogs. The methodology involved capturing the droplets on slides coated with a vaseline-mineral oil mixture, making photomicrographs of the droplets, counting and sizing the droplets into eight droplet diameter increments; namely less than 5 mum, 5-10 mum, 10-20 mum, 20-40 mum, 40-60 mum, 60-80 mum, 80-100 mum, and greater than 100 mum. The resulting distribution was similar to that for natural fogs and clouds; i.e., it was bi-modal, the first mode at less than 5 mum containing the vast majority of the droplets, and the second at 20-40 mum. This study agrees with others that the size distribution of a fog in a saturated environment is continuously changing, with the smaller droplets tending to evaporate and the larger ones tending to grow, thus shifting the second mode toward larger sizes. PMID- 1240053 TI - Body burden of hexachlorbenzene in suckling rats and its effects on various organs and on liver porphyrin accumulation. AB - The hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and porphyrin accumulation in the ograns of 18-day old Wistar rats, whose mothers were fed a diet containing 80 ppm HCB, were studied. Among the organs examined, the highest HCB residue was in the liver larger than kidney larger than or equal to lung larger than brain larger than spleen larger than heart. The porphyrin level in the liver of the HCB-treated. On the contrary, the weights of the kidney, brain, spleen and heart were significantly reduced. Sex did not influence the organ weight except that of the brain. The results suggested that accumulation of HCB in different organs and porphyrin in the liver of suckling Wistar rats was about equal for the males and females. PMID- 1240055 TI - [Influences of the complex of environmental temperature, relative humidity and air velocity on the body temperature of restrained mice (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of the complexes of environmental factors, such as ambient-temperature, relative humidity and air velocity, on the body temperature were investigated in restrained mice. Observations were carried out before and after 60 min-exposure to various triple combinations among environmental temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 degreesC, relative humidities of 40, 65 and 90%, and air velocities of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 m/sec. The analysis of variance about the differences of body temperature revealed significant effects of the environmental temperature and the air velocity levels, while no significant effects were recognized of the relative humidity. Effects of the double factors, either the environmental temperature plus the relative humidity or the environmental temperature plus the air velocity, were significant at 5 or 1% level respectively. However, effects of the double factors the relative humidity plus the air velosity, as well as the triple factors were not significant. Under the environments consisted of triple factors, the environmental temperature of 20 and 25 degreesC, the relative humidities of 40 and 70% and the air velocities of 0.1 and 0.5 m/sec, significant effects at 1% level were recognized only in the environmental temperature levels. In the relative humidty or the air velocity levels, and the double or triple factor levels, no significant effects were recognized. From the results obtained, the effective temperature (Te) was indicated by the formula, Te=t+100x-v square root 38-t, in which were given the environmental temperature in t degrees C, the absolute humidity in x kg/kg and the air velocity in v m/sec. PMID- 1240054 TI - [Plasma and erythrocyte lipids. Relation between globular dystrophies and hepatic lesion in ethylism]. AB - Human red cell and plasma lipids are determined in alcoholic patients with various forms of liver diseases including steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatitis. No relation between serum lipids and red cell lipids content have could be demonstrated. A relation is shown between morphology and lipids red cells content, different anatomopathologic states of liver and erythrocyte morphology. In steatosis red cells phospholipids (specially phosphatidyl choline) are increased. In cirrhosis red cells show an increased of both cholesterol and phospholipids content. Target cells show an inchanged cholesterol-phospholipids ratio when acanthocytes show and increased cholesterol phospholipids ratio by a greater increase of cholesterol than phospholipids. PMID- 1240056 TI - Heparin effects on cultured mammalian cells. AB - Plasmacytoma cells exposed to heparin exhibited zeiotic blebs in the G1 phase, S phase, and early G2 phase. Zeiosis was not seen in mitotic cells. This heparin effect was reversible. Also fibroblasts were sensitive to heparin. After trypsinization of fibroblasts, heparin produced large non-reversible zeiotic blebs in the cells, except in those in mitosis. The primary target for heparin is apparently to be sought among components of the cellular periphery. PMID- 1240058 TI - A cell culture substrate obtained from heat-fused collagen. AB - Coverslips coated with rat-tail collagen dried at 37 degrees C were placed in a hot-air sterilizing oven at 160 degrees C for 2 h. The resulting transparent sterile film was found to be a useful multipurpose substrate for cell culture and for subsequent histological sectioning. PMID- 1240057 TI - Histochemistry of the lumenal cell surfaces of the mucosa of the oviducts and the uterus of the rat. Changes in prepuberty, estrous cycle, castration, hormone replacement and pseudopregnancy. AB - The lumenal surface coat of the rat oviducts and uterine horns have been histochemically characterized at prepuberty, estrous cycle, castration, hormone replacement and pseudopregnancy. Under the EM, the coat was made up of filamentous and globular structures. Histochemical variations suggested that coat components are under endocrine control. PMID- 1240059 TI - [Changes in the electric conductivity and electrolyte composition of the blood plasma of rats with emotional-stress conditions]. PMID- 1240060 TI - [The effect of simultaneous physical loading on tissue acetylcholine concentrations]. PMID- 1240061 TI - [The relationship between periodic changes in the activity of the cardiovascular system and the mechanism of actualization of motor reactions in the antenatal period]. PMID- 1240062 TI - [The effect of adrenoblockaders on the rate of H3-catecholamine synthesis and uptake in the rat seminal duct]. AB - In the rat vas deferens alpha-adrenoblocking agent phentolamine (1-10(-6)M) and beta-adrenoblocking agent propranolol (1-10(-6)M) activated uptake of exogenous noradrenaline--H-3 by 37 and 47% respectively and synthesis of noradrenaline--H3 from thyrosin-H3 by 72 and 48%. The rate of noradrenaline-H3 synthesis from DOPA H3 or dopamine-H3 remains unaltered. Regulating effect of the adrenoblocking agents is carried out by means of uptake of tyrosine-H3 and noradrenaline-H3 into adrenergic neuron, i.e. at the main stages sustaining a necessary level of mediator. The rate of noradrenaline biosynthesis is supposed to be independently regulated by means of both types of adrenoreceptors in an adrenergic neuron. PMID- 1240063 TI - [Experiences with the pelvic teaching model "Ginny" (author's transl)]. AB - The use of this model for student teaching was evaluated by a questionnaire from 233 medical students. 86,6% judged this type of teaching valuable and 56,8% desired a more extensive experience with this model. Generally, this model has proven to be usefull for demonstration and practical learning experiences of speculum examinations of vagina and cervix, bimanual examinations of the pelvic structures (vaginal, rectal and rectovaginal) and application of certain forms of contraceptives. PMID- 1240065 TI - [Genetic counseling in cases of chromosome insertions]. AB - The principles of the estimation of the risk of repeated birth of malformed child and spontaneous abortion in families of balanced carriers of insertions are presented. A risk for a carrier is formed from two parts: a risk for a carrier of reciprocal translocation and a risk for a carrier of insertion of the came length as inseried segment. The first component of the risk is a constant, the latter one is a variable. It depends on the length of the inserted segment, the type of its inclusion (direct or inverted) and sites of break points. An estimation of the risk in hypothetical insertion 46, XX, inv ins (4; 2) (q24; q22q34) is described as a model. The same method of counselling may be used for the families with triple translocations t(a-, b-, c+) with "insertion" of fragment of chromosome "a" between the parts of "b" and "c" chromosomes. A tentative empirical mean value of repeated birth of malformed child and spontaneous abortion in families with insertions is 29% and 45% for the female carrier, and about 37% and 25% for the male carrier. PMID- 1240066 TI - [Dependence on and preference for morphine. (III) Improvement of spontaneous drug intake after combined treatment with morphine and cocaine]. AB - One group of rats (n equals 6) was allowed free access to food combined with morphine and cocaine for 3 weeks, another group combined with either morphine or cocaine alone for 3 weeks. Intensity of decrease in body weight by withdrawal and ratios of spontaneous morphine and cocaine intake were compared, and the cross spontaneous drug intake between morphine and cocaine using cocaine and morphine dependent rats was investigated, respectively. The results indicate that (a) decreased rate in body weight by withdrawal after 3 weeks administration with morphine-cocaine mixtures increased slightly, and spontaneous intake ratio for the higher drug-admixed food during administration period was also slightly increased as compared with a morphine added diet alone. (b) However, spontaneous intake ratio of both morphine [morphine (1 mg/g of food) vs. a normal diet (N.D.)] and cocaine [cocaine (2 mg/g of food) vs. N.D] increased 30 and 50 approximately 60% respectively, and these changes were maintained for about two months. (c) Spontaneous cocaine intake ratio after 3 weeks administration of morphine was almost the same level as that in cocaine dependent rats and decreased dependently when the administration period was extended. Spontaneous morphine intake ratio after 3 weeks administration of cocaine was 20% lower in total daily intake ratio as compared to morphine dependent rats, but spontaneous morphine intake ratio as compared to morphine dependent rats was gradually increased as in morphine dependent rats. (d) Furthermore, morphine-quinine combined treatment and cocaine or codeine treatment had no effect on spontaneous intake of quinine. These data suggest that combinations of morphine and cocaine have promoting properties of morphine and cocaine intake, respectively. Cross spontaneous drug intake between morphine and cocaine was successful only in cocaine dependent rats using this method. PMID- 1240068 TI - [Oxidant-drug induced hemolytic anemia in dogs]. AB - Heinz body anemia was induced in dogs by consecutive oral administration of 200 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of aminopyrine, 200 mg/kg of phenacetin and 5 mg/kg of acetylphenylhydrazine, for either 8 or 16 weeks. Biochemical analysis showed a decrease of haptoglobin in plasma and reduced-glutathion in red blood cells in association with anemia. Hematologically, an increase in osmotic fragility and cell volume of erythrocytes were also noted. Pathological examination revealed marked erythrophagia and hemosiderosis in the reticuloendothelial system of treated animals. A new anti-inflammatory analgesic 31252-S (3-(1-hydroxy-2 piperidinoethyl)-5-phenylisoxazole citrate) was also tested for the hemolytic effects in dogs. Blood analyses revealed a slight increase of Heinz bodies and a decrease of reduced-glutathion in red blood cells without anemia. These findings suggest that 31252-S have weaker oxidant properties than those of aminopyrine and phenacetin. The present studies showed that the concentration of reduced glutathion in red blood cells of non-treated dogs was approximately 50% lower than that of the erythrocytes of normal human beings. This finding appeared to correspond with high susceptibility of red blood cells to hemolytic effects of oxidant-drugs in dogs. PMID- 1240067 TI - [Biological assay of prostaglandin using the rat uterus]. AB - Isometric contraction of rat uterus with PGF2alpha was more reliable and stable than when a stomach preparation was used. The method of PG bioassay using rat uterus was as follows: ovariectomized rats were given 10 mug of estrone s.c. 48 hr before the decapitation. Uterine strips were suspended in 2 ml of organ bath containing modified Locke-Ringer solution at 25 degrees C, and the isometric contraction was determined. As little as 4 ng/ml of PGF2alpha was determined quantitatively with this method. PMID- 1240069 TI - [Action mechanism and effects of ifenprodil on the regional blood flow, especially on cerebrovascular circulation]. AB - Effects of ifenprodil on the regional blood flow of some organs (skin, skeletal muscle, liver, myocardium, kidney, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and cerebellar cortex) of the curarized cat under artificial respiration were studied using the thermoelectrical method. 1) Blood flow in the skin decreased, whereas renal blood flow increased. 2) Blood flow in the liver showed a biphasic response, being more active in the increasing phase. 3) Blood flow in the hypothalamus and cerebellar cortex (vertebral arterial region), skeletal muscle and myocardium markedly increased. 4) Blood flow in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (external carotid arterial region) was not influenced by ifenprodil, but slight changes were noticed and were dependent on the blood pressure response. 5) Blood pressure fell in accordance with the dose level of ifenprodil given i.v. 6) Those results suggest that the mechanisms of action of ifenprodil are alpha-adrenergic blocking, beta-mimetic and direct vasodilating. A cholinergic effect was also suggested. 7) On certain functions such as blood flow in the skin and blood pressure a dual action, that is alpha adreno-mimetic and lytic was seen. 8) Concerning the vascular smooth muscle relaxative action, it would appear that ifenprodil has not only a direct effect but also a secondary effect resulting presumably from its action on the local metabolism. PMID- 1240070 TI - [Pharmacology of cornary dilator agent, trapymin. (2) Analysis of its mode of action]. AB - Trapymin (TM) relaxed excised renal, coronary, pulmonary, femoral and mesenteric arteries and this relaxation was not antagonized by propranolol. The dose response curve of TM was parallel to that of nitroglycerin and papaverine and steeper than that of dipyridamol or adenosine. TM exerted inotropic and chronotropic actions on excised rat atrium. TM was also effective through the oral route and the effectiveness tended to decrease slightly after repeated use for ten days. TM was effective on vasopressin induced angina in rats and electrocoagulation-induced myocardial infarction. TM suppressed adrenaline induced arrhythmia but not CaCl2-induced arrhythmia. TM reduced catecholamine content in brain, adrenals and heart but had no influence on monoamine oxidase or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. TM revealed ganglion-blocking and neuron-blocking actions in cervical ganglion in cats. With propranolol, TM-induced hyperglycemia and reduction in glycogen content in liver and heart was antagonized but TM induced rise in free fatty acid in serum was not antagonized. Na+-K+ dependent ATPase of bovine heart and P/O ratio of mitochondria of rat heart was not influenced by TM. ADP-induced aggregation of platelets was antagonized by TM. These data indicate that TM induced coronary dilation is partly due to a papaverine like action and also to ganglion-blocking, neuron-blocking and anti adrenergic action. On the other hand, TM possessed catecholamine release and cardiotonic action as related to beta-receptors. PMID- 1240071 TI - [Effect of a new bronchodilator, S-1540 (Bitolterol) and S-1541 on the tracheo bronchial and cardiovascular system]. AB - The actions on the bronchial smooth muscle and cardiovascular system S-1540 (Bitolterol) (Shionogi Pharmaceuticals), a new bronchodilator which is chemically related to isoprenaline, and S-1541 which is the active metabolite of S-1540 were studied in comparison with the action of isoprenaline (isoproterenol) and orciprenaline (metaproterenol). 1) The relaxing effect on isolated guinea-pig tracheal muscle constricted previously with histamine BaCl2 or acetylcholine was highest with S-1541, followed by isoprenaline and orciprenaline, in that order, and lowest with S-1540. The relaxing effect of S-1541 on acetylcholine-induced tracheal constriction was reduced and that of S-1540 was completely abolished by a previous treatment with propranolol. The relaxing actions of those drugs on bronchial spasms induced by histamine in vivo were highest with S-1541, followed by isoprenaline, and lowest with S-1540. 2) All these drugs exhibited the depressor and positive chronotropic actions in guinea-pigs. The potencies of the actions were found to be in the following order; isoprenaline was most potent, followed by S-1541 with a little less intensity, orciprenaline much weaker, and S 1540 still weaker with a positive chronotropic action of about 1/1000 of S-1541 and depressor action about 1/500. In the open chest guinea-pig, positive inotropic and chronotropic actions of S-1541 were about the same or slightly more potent than those of isoprenaline; S-1540 had a very weak action, being only about 1/1000 as active as S-1541. These actions of S-1540 were completely eliminated by propranolol pretreatment. S-1540 induced to remarkable changes in the electrocardiogram wave forms even in high doses. 3) Those drugs elicited the depressor, positive chronotropic and inotropic actions in rabbits and dogs. In rabbits, isoprenaline was most potent; S-1541 was similar to or a little weaker than isoprenaline; and S-1540 was extremely weak. In the dog, isoprenaline showed the highest of the above effect, followed by S-1541, orciprenaline and S-1540 in that order, with S-1540 having an extremely low activity. 4) The actions of S 1541 and isoprenaline appeared very rapidly but were of short duration, the duration of orciprenaline was moderate, and the actions of S-1540 rapidly appeared and were of an extremely long duration. It is suggested that S-1540 itself has pharmacological activities in vivo and the active metabolites such as S-1541 also have the activities. S-1540 can be administered by the oral route, is of long duration, and is thus considered to be a bronchodilator with a relative high specificity. PMID- 1240072 TI - [Respiratory distress due to traumatic lesions in newborn infants and in adults]. AB - 1. The clinical features of the condition we presently term resipratory distress syndrome of neonates, was described by Jorg in 1832 and 1835. 2. In many, however not in all cases in which this syndrome is clinically observed, band-like ("membranous") and also massive depositions of fibrin occur in bronchioli, alveolar ducts and alveoli. They develop as the consequences of acapillary exudation process. 3. More frequently and more regularly, often combined with fibrin precipitation, intraalveolar, intrabronchiolar and intrabronchial hemorrhages arise in such cases. Peribronchial, peribronchiolar and periarterial extravasations also belong to the typical histological findings. These hemorrhages originate in capillaries during circulatory disturbance due to vasomotor excitation. 4. Excessive dilatation of the entire pulmonary vascular net, arteries, veins and capillaries, their overfilling with quite frequently conglutinated blood, is considered the basic phenomenon of the pulmonary changes. It signifies the climax of a peristasic circulatory derangement caused by vasomotor paralysis, i.e. the stanstill of an organ function. 5. A similar, pathogenetically and functionally equivalent circulatory interruption occurs in many other organs of the neonate. 6. Typical birth traumatic cerebral lesions, hemorrhages and softening processes ensue in the majority of cases of the respiratory distress syndrome. We consider them to be the cause of the generakl circulatory paralysis and therefore also of the respiratory dysfunction. 7. The respiratory distress syndrome represents a partial manifestation of the neonatal parturitional crisis, displaying many resemblances to a shock of traumatic origin. 8. Resipratory distress and morphologic pulmonary lesions observed in neonates are identical with acute clinical, pathophysiological as well as pathoanatomical finidings in adults, victims of cerebral of extracerebral traumatic or of other critical, sudden interventions. 9. The lungs with their extraordinarily rich vascularization and their insertion in the cenyer of a systme exposed to hormonal and nervous influences, belong to organs which frequently produce deleterious instant reactions... PMID- 1240073 TI - [Diseases of the locomotor system as part of the project of group diagnosis of internal diseases]. PMID- 1240074 TI - [Rehabilitation of children with chronic progessive polyarthritis in the home]. PMID- 1240075 TI - [Severe deformations of the femur head. Radiographic and histological study. Report]. PMID- 1240076 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities during spa treatments of mental diseases. I. Decreased sensory irritability and personality profile]. PMID- 1240077 TI - [Nomograms enabling a simple estimate of the degree of skeletal mineralization]. PMID- 1240079 TI - [Present status and problems of medical education]. PMID- 1240078 TI - [Risks and benefits in medicine with special reference to radiology]. PMID- 1240080 TI - [Role of brain biogenic amines in the central thermoregulatory mechanism of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Changes in rectal and skin temperatures following intraventricular injection of biogenic amines and related substances were investigated in rats. Intraventricular injection of norepinephrine in a small dose (6 mug) produced a slight elevation of rectal temperature, but in larger amounts (25-50 mug) resulted in a dose-dependent hypothermia which was associated with a marked rise of skin temperature. No change was observed in plasma free fatty acid and glucose levels and oxygen consumption after intraventricular injection of norepinephrine (25 mug). Intraventricular injection of imipramine and safrazine produced a slight fall in the rectal temperature. Norepinephrine-induced hypothermia was more pronounced in rats pretreated with safrazine and less in rats pretreated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, as compared with that in controls. Intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (0.75-250 mug) brought about a marked dose dependent hypothermia. The second injection of 6-hydroxydopamine 5 days after the first injection had no effect on the body temperature. Norepinephrine injection 2 days after the second injection of 6-hydroxydopamine produced a more pronounced hypothermia than the change in control rats without pretreatments. Haloperidol did not affect the hypothermia induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Intraventricular injection of dopamine and L-DOPA showed less effect that norepinephrine had. Intraventricular injection of phenoxybenzamine prior to norepinephrine blocked the hypothermia and skin temperature elevation which are normally observed following norepinephrine injection, while propranolol given in the same way showed less or no effect. Intraventricular injection of phenylephrine produced a dose-dependent hypothermia, whereas no dose-response relationship was obtained by isoproterenol. These results suggest that in the rat the hypothermic effect of norepinephrine injected intraventricularly is mediated by an action of central alpha-receptor. At high and low ambient temperatures hypothermia was similarly observed following intraventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (25 mug) as at normal room temperature. On the other hand, norepinephrine (25 mug) produced a rise in rectal temperature at high ambient temperature and a marked fall at low ambient temperature. The hypothermic effect of norepinephrine was not different between cold-adapted ones at room temperature. From the results the role of norepinephrine and other biogenic amines in the brain in thermoregulatory processes was discussed. PMID- 1240081 TI - [Role of thyroid hormone in cold adaptation. 1. Requirement of thyroxine during the course of cold acclimation as estimated by noradrenaline sensitivity (author's transl)]. AB - The amount of thyroxine required for the development and maintenance of cold acclimation was investigated in the rat. Warm-adapted thyroidectomized rats could not survive at 5 degrees C. When thyroxine was replaced, these rats could survive and responded to noradrenaline with increased oxygen consumption in proportion to the dose of replaced thyroxine. Judged from the amount of thyroxine in thyroidectomized rats necessary to restore noradrenaline sensitivity to the same level as seen in intact controls, 30 degrees C-adapted rats were found to require 3.3 mug thyroxine/100 g b.w./day, while 5 degrees C-adapted rats required only 1.2 mug. It is concluded that the amount of thyroxine necessary to produce cold acclimation is much larger than that for the maintenance of cold acclimation. PMID- 1240082 TI - [Role of thyroid hormone in cold adaptation. 2. Increase of food consumption and fecal excretion of thyroxine during cold exposure (author's transl)]. AB - In order to clarify the relationship between food consumption and excretion of thyroxine during cold exposure, 131I-thyroxine was injected to 1w- and 3w-cold exposed rats and the radioactivity of 131I in the feces and urine was counted over the first 24 hr and the next same period of time following the injection. The percentage of a dose of radioactive thyroxine excreted into the feces over the first 24 hr was the highest in 1w-cold exposed rats, whereas in 3w-cold exposed rats the excretion of radioactive thyroxine did not differ from the values in warm adapted rats. Since the correlation curve between fecal excretion of thyroxine and fecal weight was linearly positive and food consumption increased during the early stage of cold exposure, larger fecal thyroxine observed in the first week after cold exposure was inferred to be result from increased food consumption as well as fecal volume in this period. Nevertheless, since the increment of fecal excretion of thyroxine in 1w-cold exposed rats was only 30% as compared with the value of control group, it is impossible to explain 2-3 fold increase in thyroxine requirement during early stage of cold exposure by the increase in fecal excretion of thyroxine. PMID- 1240083 TI - [Morphological study of lymphatic tissues after removal of the submandibular gland in the mouse (author's transl)]. AB - In dd-mice of both sexes, the thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph node were morphologically examined after the submandibular gland was extirpated at 35 days of age. When the bilaterally extirpated animals were fed with dried diet pellet which was commonly given to laboratory mice, the body weight decreased rapidly after operation and the thymus and spleen generally atrophied. The atrophy of the lymphatic tissues was especially marked in mice showing a fetal loss of body weight. In the lymphatic tissues, the cortex of the thymus, the follicular area and germinal center of the splenic white pulp, and the cortex of the mesenteric lymph node underwent remarkably atrophic changes. On the other hand, however, when the mice were fed after operation with a liquid diet made of commercial dry pellets, they grow gradually and the thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph node were almost the same in weight and structure as those in controls. Very recently Martinez-Hernandez, Nakane and Pierce reported that removal of the submandibular gland from mice and rats was followed by loss of body weight and atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and that it caused selective depletion of lymphocytes from the thymus-dependent areas in the peripheral lymphatic tissue. These findings, however, could not be confirmed in the present study. PMID- 1240084 TI - [Effect of vitamin B6 group on cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of vitamin B6 groups, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal (pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal phosphate Ca) on hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in mice were studied. 1. Acetate-14C incorporation rate into cholesterol and fatty acid in pyridoxal phosphate supplement in vitro increased remarkably, relative to pyridoxine or pyridoxamine. 2. When daily subcutaneous injection of pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxal phosphate Ca were given to normal mice, pyridoxal phosphate produced the decrease of liver cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol levell and the increase of fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid level, while pyridoxal phosphate Ca did not produce any significant changes, relative to the normal groups. 3. The dietary cholesterol supplement given pyridoxine fed mice did not produce any changes in liver cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, and liver cholesterol level, while the increase of liver fatty acid and blood cholesterol biosynthesis were seen. Pyridoxal phosphate Ca plus cholesterol feeding did not produce any changes in liver cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, and liver fatty acid levels and blood cholesterol biosynthesis, while the increase of liver cholesterol leve was seen, relative to the cholesterol fed group. PMID- 1240085 TI - [Studies on the pudendal nerve. Part 4. A macroscopical observation of the branches of the pudendal plexus in dogs and cats (author's transl)]. AB - The pudendal plexus and its branches of 20 dogs and 20 cats have been observed macroscopicaly. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1) The pudendal plexus in dogs is formed most frequently by the ventral rami of the first, second and third sacral nerves. 2) The bigeminal nerve of dogs and cats is formed respectively by the union of the ventral rami mentioned above. 3) The perineal nerve in dogs arises with one root from the bigeminal nerve and that of cats two roots, of which the main root arises from the points where the bigeminal nerve joins the asciatic nerve and the accessory one from the bigeminal nerve. 4) In dogs and cats the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris arises from the main trunk of the perineal nerve (Fig. 5, type IB) at an average rate of 57.5%. 5) In the dogs and cats, the inferior rectal nerve consists of two divisions; a division had the branches which are derived the perineal nerve to supply the skin around the anus and the other branches which arises from the muscular branch of the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris to supply the Sphincter ani externus. 6) The muscular branch of dogs and cats which is analogous to that of the perineal nerve in man, arises from the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris. 7) In dogs and cats the muscular branch to the Obturator internus is derived from the dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris. 8) The pelvic splanchnic nerve of dogs originates from the ventral rami of the first, second and third sacral nerves and that of cats from the ventral rami of the first and second sacral nerves. 9) In the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve in dogs, as well as in rats and rabbits, the lateral deviation of the origin from the sciatic to the perineal nerve is observed. PMID- 1240086 TI - Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in human plasma. AB - Antibodies for the radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin (AVP) described here were produced in rabbits using synthetic AVP coupled to rabbit gamma-globulin with carbodiimide. In three out of six rabbits, significant antibody titres were obtained. Using the best antisera produced, 40% of labeled AVP was bound at a final dilution of 1:50.000. After iodination of synthetic AVP with 125I using the chloramin-T method, a gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 was performed to purify the iodinated AVP. For separation of antibody bound and free hormone, a second antibody precipitation was used. There was no crossreactivity with oxytocin. AVP was extracted from plasma after ammoniumsulfate precipitation of the proteins by adsorption to Florisil. The recovery of AVP added to plasma in amounts between 5 25 pg/ml was 60 +/- 15% (n equals 6). The minimum amount of AVP detectable was 1 pg per ml plasma. The plasma level in normal adults under standard conditions was 3.4 +/- 2.2 pg/ml. This is in agreement with data recently published by other researchers. The applicability and reproducibility was further tested in measurements of samples taken hourly during the entire day under water diuresis and after hormonal stimulation of AVP. PMID- 1240087 TI - A human placental hormone (UTPH) with uterine growth and DNA promoting effects. AB - A human placental protein previously described is studied in order to expand its biological characterization. Dose-response-curve of its action on uterine growth of prepuberal mice showed to be a significant logarithmic function and this effect is neutralized by its specific antiserum. It is also demonstrated that the uterine growth-promoting effect is not due either to estrogen, protein-bound estrogen, progesterone or chorionic gonadotrophin. Experimental evidence is given to demonstrate that the mechanism of action of this placental protein is to stimulate the synthesis and to increase the concentration of DNA in uterine tissue, differing then in this respect from the effect of estrogen. Previous work has shown that this placental protein is present in full-term placentas within similar ranges as HCG and HPL. It is also detected in blood during pregnancy and acts biologically in at least two target organs: uterus and mammary gland. Therefore the name of uterotrophic placental protein (UTPH) has been suggested for this substance. PMID- 1240088 TI - CD spectral comparison of porcine proinsulin C-peptide and several fragments of its sequence. PMID- 1240089 TI - Red cell hemolysis in rheumatic valvular disease and following prosthetic and heterograft valve replacement surgery: a study of 40 cases and review of literature. PMID- 1240090 TI - Comparative evaluation of rheumaton test with slide latex and sensitized sheep cell test for detection of rheumatoid factor. PMID- 1240091 TI - Incomplete Lippes loop expulsion due to cervical translocation. PMID- 1240092 TI - Microfilarial granuloma of the spleen. PMID- 1240093 TI - Growth properties of influenza virus type C. PMID- 1240094 TI - Open withdrawal of antiparkinson drugs in the neuroleptic- induced Parkinson syndrome. AB - The study was finished according to schedule with 32 of the 49 examined patients, i.e. without changes in neuroleptic medication. The antiparkinson medication had been suddenly withdrawn in all patients. No patient had to be given another antiparkinson treatment due to reappearing Parkinson symptoms. Slight and constant deterioration in their condition occurred in four patients within 1-3 weeks following withdrawal of the antiparkinson medication; this fact justified recommencement of the antiparkinson therapy. All but seven patients had been given antiparkinson drugs for more than 1 year. All patients were on neuroleptic drugs. The neuroleptic dose was increased in seven patients, a slight transient deterioration of the Parkinson symptoms occurring in two cases. Investigation into the longitudinal course of the diseases revealed that the intensity of symptoms is not always steady, but that certain variations occur. An equable course was observed in paranoid schizophrenics. In cases of catatonia and hebephrenia variations in the symptoms and their intensity must be expected. However, these variations need not inevitably call for recommencement of the antiparkinson treatment. Thus, our results confirm similar available studies in that the incidence of relapses in cases of neuroleptically conditioned Parkinson's disease is very low in patients who had been receiving antiparkinson medication for long periods; this incidence of relapses amounts to 8% in our study. Our figures are lower than those referred to in literature up to now. Within 1-3 weeks following withdrawal it becomes obvious whether another antiparkinson therapy will be necessary or not. Within the scope of our study, we cannot comment on the statement that antiparkinson drugs may be withdrawn, without any risk of a relapse, after 3-month administration. PMID- 1240095 TI - The corpus luteum periodicum in the bitch: histochemical and biochemical investigations during different phases of the cycle. AB - The corpus luteum periodicum (c.l.p.) of the bitch was studied using enzyme histochemistry, clinical and biochemical methods. Assessment of variations of the serum progesterone level during different stages of the ovarian cycle and the study of enzymatic activity of the luteal tissue furnished informations on vitality and biosynthetic capacity of luteinizing cells: The period of functional activity of the c.l.p. nearly ceased about day 60 of the cycle (proestrus included) in the animals examined. In the light microscope the neo-synthesis of progesterone in the c.l.-tissue can be made visible by histochemical demonstration of the activity of Delta(5)-3 beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) only up to a progesterone level exceeding 6.7 ng/ml plasma. The data obtained contribute to our baseline knowledge of the mechanism involved in the etiology of pseudopregnancylike conditions in the bitch. PMID- 1240096 TI - Changes in the surface features of choroid plexus of the rat following the administration of acetazolamide and other drugs which affect CSF secretion. AB - The surface of the choroid plexus of the rat was examined by scanning electron microscopy before and after administration of acetazolamide and other drugs (cardiac glycosides and pilocarpine) which affect the rate of secretion of the CSF. In control animals, bleb-covered cells were more common on the IVth ventricle choroid plexus than on the lateral ventricle choroid plexus (20 per specimen compared to 0-3 per specimen). Following administration of acetazolamide the number of bleb-covered cells was reduced significantly (P less than 0-001). The effects of the other drugs were less well defined. Since acetazolamide is known to interfere with the active transport of the extra chloride ions normally added to the CSF in the IVth ventricle, it is suggested that the bleb-covered cells of the IVth ventricle choroid plexus are the specific site for chloride secretion. PMID- 1240097 TI - Energy expenditure cutting supercane. AB - VO2 VE, and heart rates (fH) were measured in 61 Colombian sugarcane cutters while harvesting cane in the AM and PM and in the laboratory during a VO2max test. Productivity and sweat rates were also measured in the field. The subjects had an estimated dietary intake of 2,970 kcal/day, which was lower than calculated daily energy expenditure. During the work measurements the VO2 was 1.5 1/min, VE 48 1/min, and fH 135 beats/min; there were no differences between AM and PM values. The subjects sustained about 35% of VO2max during the 8 h workday, but worked at 57% of VO2max during the tests. Measured energy cost was 7.4 +/- 1.5 kcal/min during the workday. Sweat rates were higher PM than AM (5 KG/8 h day). Grouping of the men according to productivity demonstrated that taller, heavier men were better producers and had lower calculated heart rates at VO2 1.51/min. Efficiency of cane cutting was higher (9%) PM. PMID- 1240098 TI - Similarities and differences of the alpha and beta components of tropomyosin. AB - Rabbit skeletal tropomyosin was separated into two components, alpha and beta, by CM cellulose column chromatography in the presence of urea. The two components are apparently different from TN-T, since, 1) upon addition of the components to F-actin solutions, they increase the degree of flow birefringence delta n, while TN-T does not, 2) the reduced mean residue elipticities [theta] at 220 nm are about 2.5-fold higher than for TN-T, and they contain no proline. These features are similar to those of intact tropomyosin, but the two components are not identical for the following reasons; 1) leucine is the C-terminus of the beta component and isoleucine is the C-terminus of the alpha component, 2) the beta component has a lower helicity and a somewhate lower capacity to increase delta n of F-actin solutions than the alpha component, and 3) the beta component has a higher content of glutamic acid and methionine than the alpha component. The two components can be crystallized into paracrystals in the presence of magnesium. Electron micrographs of the paracrystals of both components show a band pattern with 400 A periodicity. Bovine cardiac tropomyosin migrates on SDS gels as two poorly resolved bands, which could be separated by CM cellulose column chromatography. The C-terminus of the slower moving component was leucine, and that of the faster moving component was isoleucine, corresponding to the beta and alpha components of skeletal tropomyosin. PMID- 1240099 TI - Ascorbate 2-sulfate inhibits dopamine beta-hydroxylase reaction, but not ascorbate oxidase reaction. AB - Bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase [EC 1.14.17.1] was considerably inhibited by ascorbate 2-sulfate. The inhibition was competitive with regard to ascorbate. The Ki value was 3.44 mM. The possibility that ascorbate 2-sulfate may play a regulatory role in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine is suggested. Another copper-containing oxidase, squash ascorbate oxidase [EC 1.10.3.3], was not inhibited by the same compound at a concentration of 150 mM. PMID- 1240100 TI - Conformation of biological macromolecules. Circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism studies of metmyoglobin and its derivatives. AB - The circular dichroism (CD) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of horse heart metmyoglobin and the following derivatives were measured in the Soret and near ultraviolet regions: metmyoglobin and its peroxide compound, and hydroxide, cyanide, azide, and fluoride derivatives. The heme-related CD bands in the Soret and near ultraviolet wavelength regions were altered by ligand substitution, though their relationships to the magnetic moment were quite different. In the Soret region, the CD peak had no definite relation to the magnetic moment, while in the near ultraviolet region the magnitude of the CD peak decreased with the magnetic moment. The MCD peak in the Soret and near Ultraviolet regions also varied with ligand substitution. The magnetic ellipticity decreased with the magnetic moment in both wavelength regions. There was a more quantitative correlation between the magnetic ellipticity and the magnetic moment in the near ultraviolet region than in the Soret region. Metmyoglobin peroxide compound exhibited slightly different behavior in the MCD spectrum from other derivatives. It is suggested that the heme iron of the metmyoglobin peroxide compound is in an oxidation state other than the ferric state and that the porphyrin structure of metmyoglobin may be modified by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 1240101 TI - Structures of singly branched heptaoses produced by bacterial liquefying alpha amylase. AB - 1. A singly branched heptaose produced as a limit dextrin in the digest of beta limit dextrin with liquefying alpha-amylase [EC 3.2.1.1] of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated in a paper chromatographically pure state. 2. Analysis using several enzymes revealed that the isolated branched dextrin was a mixture of six singly branched heptaoses with different ramifying points. 3. All the branched heptaoses contained a 62-alpha-maltosylmaltotriose moiety in their molecules, differing only in the mode of attachment of one maltose or two glucose residues by alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds from this core dextrin. 4. The formation of various singly branched heptaoses (the present paper) and hexaoses (the previous paper) is discussed regarding the attack site specificity of the enzyme on beta-limit dextrin. PMID- 1240102 TI - Effect of sodium dodecyl fulfate on the dissociation of bovine liver catalase. AB - Native bovine liver catalase [EC 1.11.1.6] and catalase acetylated with N acetylimidazole (AI) both combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to form catalase-SDS complexes. The differences between native and acetylated catalase bound to SDS were investigated as regards enzymatic activity, absorption spectra, ORD and CD, sedimentation velocity and fluorescence spectra. It was found that the binding of SDS with both catalases depended on incubation time and SDS concentration, and that the acetylation of catalase had some protective effect on the denaturation of the molecule by SDS, which may be ascribed to a reduction of ionic interaction between SDS and the protein on acetylation. The native catalase was found to split into three smaller components on incubation with 1% SDS for 96 hr, whereas the acetylated catalase split into two smaller components. These smaller components were isolated by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. The isolated components has estimated molecular weights of 60,000, 30,000, aide. It seemed likely that the modification occurred stepwise. Approximately 26% of the carboxyl groups of fibrinogen was modified finally. The modified fibrinogen had no interaction with cationic detergent, and did not form any complex with the detergent. In dilute acid, fibrinogen was observed to show only a slight interaction with cationic detergent. It is probable that the exposed and ionized carboxyl groups are essential for the formation of a complex between fibrinogen and cationic detergent. PMID- 1240103 TI - Regulation of translation in rabbit reticulocytes and mouse L-cells; comparison of the effects of temperature. AB - Various parameters of protein synthesis were analyzed in rabbit reticulocytes exposed to various temperatures for up to five hours. Between 10 degrees C and 40 degrees C total protein synthesis exhibited two different apparent activation energies (36 kcal/mole, 10-24 degrees C; 22 kcal/mole, 24-40 degrees C), as did protein elongation and release (35 kcal/mole, 10-25 degrees C; 12 kcal/mole, 25 40 degrees C). However, the level of polysomes remained essentially unchanged between 0 degrees C and 42 degrees C which implies that the activation energy for polypeptide initiation is quite similar to that for elongation and is also biphasic. This situation is different from that in cultured mouse L-cells where the polysome level is dependent on temperatures. Nevertheless, reticulocytes and L-cells appear to be similar in their temperature dependence of initiation and in their rate of elongation (5-6 amino acids/second at 36 degrees C. PMID- 1240104 TI - Maturation of membrane function: transport of amino acid by rat erythroid cells. AB - The membrane changes which occur during cellular maturation of erythroid cells have been investigated. The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, alanine, and N-methylated-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid have been studied in the erythroblastic leukemic cell, the reticulocyte, and the erythrocyte of the Long-Evans rat. The dependence of amino acid transport on extracellular sodium concentration was investigated. Erythrocytes were found to transport these amino acids only by Na independent systems. The steady state distribution ratio was less than 1. Reticulocytes were found to transport alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and alanine by Na-dependent systems, but only small amounts of N-methylated-alpha aminoisobutyric acid. Small amounts of these amino acids were transported by Na independent systems. The steady state distribution ratio was greater than one for Na-dependent transport. The erythroblastic leukemia cell, a model immature erythroid cell, showed marked Na-dependence (greater than 90%) for alpha aminoisobutyric acid and alanine transport, and greater than 80% for the Na dependent transport of N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. The steady state distribution ratio for the Na-dependent transport was greater than 4. In the erythroblastic leukemic cell, at least three Na-dependent systems are present: one includes alanine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, but excludes N-methyl-alpha aminoisobutyric acid; one is for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, alanine and also N methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; and one is for N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid alone. In the reticulocyte, the number of Na-dependent systems are reduced to two: one for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and alanine; one for N-methyl-alpha aminoisobutyric acid. In the erythrocytes, no Na-dependent transport was found. Therefore, maturation of the blast cell to the mature erythrocyte is characterized by a systematic loss in the specificity and number of transport system for amino acids. PMID- 1240106 TI - [Biopsy of the proliferating lesions of the oral mucosal epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240105 TI - [Steroidogenic function of the intra-arterial trophoblast in the rat. Ultrastructural, histoenzymologic and biochemical data]. AB - The ultrastructural study of the intra-arterial trophoblast has revealed in the pregnant Rat a steroidogenic activity which has been confirmed by histoenzymologic observations (presence of delta 5-3 beta-HSDH and 17 beta-HSDH). At the 15th day postcoitum an in vitro investigation upon the metabolism of steroid hormone precursors suggests that the steroids (oestrogens, progestogens and androgens) secreted by the intra-arterial trophoblast have a local action upon the wall of the uterine placental arteries and are actively concerned with an important part upon the utero-placental hemodynamic as a whole. PMID- 1240107 TI - [Plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with advanced cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240108 TI - [Radiotherapy combined with halogenated pyrimidines--fundamental and clinical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240109 TI - [Symposium on chronic respiratory failure. (1) Clinical respiratory distress--- clinical significance of arterial blood gas abnormalities (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240110 TI - [Simposium on chronic respiratory failure. (3) Acute exacerbation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240111 TI - [Symposium on chronic respiratory failure. (4) Studies on the long-term follow-up cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240112 TI - [Symposium on chronic respiratory failure. (5) Controlled O2-therapy of chronic respiratory failure patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240113 TI - [Symposium on chronic respiratory failure. (6) Rehabilitation of chronic respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240114 TI - [Changes of platelet and plasma fibrinogen in cerebral hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240115 TI - [A case of asymptomatic Bence Jones proteinuria for 10 years' observation- reevaluation of the clinical significance of Bence Jones proteinuria-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240116 TI - [A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome accompanied with atrioventricular conduction disturbance and sick sinus syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240117 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of molar pregnancy. PMID- 1240118 TI - The early development of haploid and aneuploid parthenogenetic embryos. AB - The early development of parthenogenetically activated oocytes had been studied in C57BL X CBA-T6T6 (F1T6) translocation heterozygote mice and C57BL X CBA-LAC (F1LAC) mice. All F1T6 oocytes had either a quadrivalent or a univalent-trivalent configuration at meiosis I; no such chromosome configurations were observed in the F1LAC oocytes. At ovulation 36-5% of the F1T6 oocytes had 19 or 21 chromosomes, whereas 97% of the F1LAC had the normal haploid chromosome number of 20. After parthenogenetic activation, chromosome counts at metaphase of the first cleavage mitosis were made of the eggs with a single pronucleus following extrusion of the second polar body. These activated eggs had similar frequencies of 19, 20 and 21 chromosomes as had the oocytes at ovulation. The activated 1 cell eggs were transferred to the oviducts of pseudopregnant recipients and the embryos recovered 3 days later. At this stage of development, most of the F1T6 embryos with 19 chromosomes were no longer found, but the frequency of 21 chromosome embryos was similar to the frequency of 21-chromosome oocytes and activated eggs. There was a similar mean number of cells in the embryos with 20 and 21 chromosomes. The results indicate that nearly all the embryos with 19 chromosomes failed to develop, probably beyond the 2-cell stage, whereas oocytes with 21 chromosomes had a similar development of oocytes with 20 chromosomes up to the morula stage. PMID- 1240119 TI - Epithelio-mesenchymal interface during mouse kidney tubule induction in vivo. AB - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the epithelio mesenchymal interface between the interacting mouse ureter-bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. The gap between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells varied in width. At the stalk of the ureter-bud the interspace was often about 1 mum, but in the inductively active areas at the tips of the branching ureter-bud epithelio-mesenchymal contacts were seen through discontinuities in the basal lamina. At these points the gap between the interacting cells was often less than 20 nm, in places less than 10 nm. The amount of electron-dense, ruthenium-red positive material was greatest at the stalk of the ureter-bud, but only a small amount of extracellular material was found between the interacting cells at the tips. Whether epithelio-mesenchymal cell contacts play a role in kidney tubule induction is not yet known, but their existence in the inductively active areas and their absence in inactive zones suggests that they are morphogenetically significant. The finding also obviates the need to postulate long-range transmission of inductive signals to explain this example of embryonic induction. PMID- 1240120 TI - [Genetic examination of patients in consultation for sterility or miscarrigae]. PMID- 1240121 TI - [Balanced translocations with aneuploidy in the offspring. Report of 2 families]. PMID- 1240122 TI - [Several minor chromosome anomalies]. PMID- 1240123 TI - [The incidence of constitutional chromosome aberrations]. AB - The incidence of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities in livebirths has been estimated at 0.62% from 7 surveys pooling 45,183 newborns. The repartition of these abnormalities is reported and compared to the incidence observed in spontaneous abortuses, perinatal deaths and in normal adults. PMID- 1240124 TI - [Mechanism of inflammation - with special reference to a new role of immunoglobulins]. PMID- 1240125 TI - [Antibiotic treatment and the laboratory tests]. PMID- 1240126 TI - Some aspects of skull base surgery. PMID- 1240127 TI - Ossiculoplasty. PMID- 1240128 TI - [Photochemical smog and its damage]. PMID- 1240129 TI - [Histopathological findings of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve after regeneration (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240130 TI - [Comparative study of in vivo and in vitro measurement of reaginic antibody in nasal allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240131 TI - [Secretory IgA in otolaryngological patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240132 TI - [Changes of lower pulmonary resistance after nasal irritation in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240133 TI - [Histological type and staging of the maxillary carcinoma as related to histopathological effect of combined therapy]. PMID- 1240134 TI - [Acute peritonsillitis followed by gas phlegomon in the neck in a diabetic (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240136 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of the auditory ossicles in chronic otitis media by multidirectional tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240135 TI - [A study on olfaction of the laryngectomized patients by the artificial airway tube method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240137 TI - [Evoked responses to paired tone stimuli (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240138 TI - [Auditory brain stem response and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240139 TI - [Consistency of auditory brain stem response in young children during sleep (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240141 TI - [Changes in plethysmograph on caloric irrigation. II. Significance of plethysmograph by way of autonomic nervous reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240140 TI - [Evaluation for the utility of the post-auricular response evoked by acoustic stimuli in objective audiometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240142 TI - [Clinical application of an electrical impedance records]. PMID- 1240143 TI - Time-limited phototherapy of term newborns in ABO hemolytic disease and hyperbilirubinaemia. AB - "Limited" phototherapy was used to treat full term babies with and without ABO isoimmunization. Serum indirect bilirubin levels calling for irradiation during the first five days of life are summarized in a diagram (Fig. 1). Seperate indications were given for babies with different etiologies of jaundice, maturity (gestational age and birthweight) and indicational levels were correlated with the postnatal age (days and hours) of the infant. After a fall or harmless stagnation of bilirubin levels irradiation was stopped. Clinical assessment of the treatment of 17 babies with ABO-isiommunization, and 16 newborns without it and with hyperbilirubinemia is given in detail. Results were compaired with the outcome of treatment of 44 newborns who received the same care in every respect, but phototherapy. These control cases, selected by pairs, were similar. Exchange transfusion, based on identical indications was necessary in 13 of the 44 babies treated without and only 3 of the 33 infants treated with phototherapy. The billirubin levels of the treated babies were lower during the whole course of the irradiation. The difference in favor of the treated babies was significant on the second and third days of life incases of ABO-hemolytic disease, and from the 4th day of life in cases of hyperbilirubinemia. The values of standard deviations, important in view of the indication for exchange transfusion were also lower in the light treated babies. Successful irradiation required on average of 44 hours (30-72 hours) in cases of ABO-isoimmunization and 40 hours (18-50) in cases of hyperbilirubinemia, respectively. Re-elavation of the bilirubin level after finishing phototherapy was not observed. PMID- 1240144 TI - Persons, situations, and time: a genetic view of behavioral change in children. AB - Twin children participating in a longitudinal study were observed at 9, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months of age in two settings: unstructured free play and relatively structured test taking. Behaviors relating to adaptability to the two settings were rated and the scores analyzed for evidence of continuity both across settings and across ages. Age-to-age correlations for the adaptability scores for each setting yielded a simplex pattern of low-moderate order. Correlations of individuals' scores across settings were also of low-moderate order. Within-pair correlations indicated that identical twins were more similar that same-sex fraternal twins in both settings, but correlations were consistently stronger in the playroom setting. Analysis of variance was performed to test for within-pair concordance in the direction and degree of change. Identical pairs remained significantly more similar in adaptability from one setting to another even when change in adaptability occurred. Similar results were found for change across ages; however, these differences were significant only in the playroom setting. Results suggest that situation variables contribute to the low stabilities frequently reported for personality dimensions but that the direction and degree of behavioral change are genetically conditioned. PMID- 1240145 TI - Susceptibility to the acquisition of a conditioned response in relation to the menstrual cycle. PMID- 1240146 TI - [Simple instrumentation for urethrography]. PMID- 1240147 TI - Crystallographic data and circular dichroism spectrum of lipase from Geotrichum candidum link. PMID- 1240149 TI - [Experimental study on brain mitochondrial respiration during hemorrhage shock]. PMID- 1240148 TI - Bile peritonitis due to ruptured amoebic liver abscess. AB - A fatal case of bile peritonitis due to ruptured amoebic liver abscess is reported. Exudation of bile from a solitary abscess within the liver was the cause of the biliary peritonitis. Secondary bacterial peritontis and Gram negative septicaemia were complications and their clinical significance has been discussed. PMID- 1240150 TI - [Effect of dexamethasone on venous return during hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 1240151 TI - [Evaluation of nasal plethysmography as a monitor during anesthesia. (1)]. PMID- 1240152 TI - [Effects of analgizer on adrenal cortex function in minor dental surgery]. PMID- 1240153 TI - [Non-inveasive measurement of the left ventricular systolic time intervals - effects of intravenous anesthetics (thiamylal, methohexital, propanidid and ketamine)]. PMID- 1240154 TI - [Effects of acupuncture treatment in Bell's palsy]. PMID- 1240155 TI - [Enflurane anesthesia for resection of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1240156 TI - [Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 1240157 TI - [Successful respiratory care during emergency in a case of Landry's paralysis in a child]. PMID- 1240158 TI - [New anesthetic apparatus for inhalation anesthesia for children (SH type)]. PMID- 1240159 TI - [Use of a broncho-fiberscope as an aid to endotracheal intubation]. PMID- 1240160 TI - [Ventilation adaptor for bronchography and fiberbronchoscopy under general anesthesia]. PMID- 1240161 TI - [Oxygen concentration in the brain with special reference to evaluation of electrodes and hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 1240162 TI - [Pressure changes inside the drip-chamber of intravenous infusion apparatus]. PMID- 1240163 TI - [Examinations of preoperative pulmonary functions in the aged]. PMID- 1240164 TI - [Clinical studies on epinephrine administration during enflurane anesthesia]. PMID- 1240165 TI - [Effects of intravenous administration of ethanol on airway dynamics]. PMID- 1240166 TI - [Anti-shock effect of corticosteroids--comparative study of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethansone, and betamethasone]. PMID- 1240167 TI - [Respiratory obstruction caused by broken tooth aspirated in the trachea during anesthesia]. PMID- 1240168 TI - [Anesthesia in a repeated operation in a patient with a giant negative T wave following initial surgery]. PMID- 1240169 TI - [Effects of stellate ganglion block on facial palsy]. PMID- 1240170 TI - [Greater superficial petrosal neuralgia--a case study]. PMID- 1240171 TI - [Pharmacological action of a new inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane]. PMID- 1240172 TI - [Bain's circuit]. PMID- 1240173 TI - [Progress in safety performance of inhalational anesthetic apparatus]. PMID- 1240174 TI - [Genetic characteristics of R factor of Vibrio cholerae and adaptive development of resistance]. PMID- 1240175 TI - [Mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance of Streptococcus]. PMID- 1240177 TI - [Bacteriological study of fosfomycin]. PMID- 1240176 TI - [Morphological changes of oral Fusobacterium caused by antibiotics]. PMID- 1240178 TI - [Intestinal flora of normal and gnotobiotic rats]. PMID- 1240179 TI - [Composition of dominant anaerobic bacterial flora of the feces of normal adults]. PMID- 1240180 TI - [Anaerobic fecal bacteria of patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1240181 TI - [Effect of dihydroxymethylfuratrizine (Panfurans) on human intestinal flora]. PMID- 1240182 TI - [Seriological cross reactions of 3 strains of Yersinia entrocolitica]. PMID- 1240183 TI - [Experimental study on spreading of surface infections. II. Tracing of inoculated organisms by scanning of the mucous membrane]. PMID- 1240184 TI - [Peroral infection of Corynebacterium Kutscheri in mice. II. In vivo bacterial activities and manifestation of occult infection]. PMID- 1240185 TI - [Application of new colloid spot test reagents in the analysis of biological samples]. PMID- 1240186 TI - [Analysis of resistance of Staphylococcus against salts. Conditions of the membrane isolated from wild strains and salt-sensitive mutants]. PMID- 1240188 TI - [The "microfiber", the constituent of the outer membrane of Spirochaeta]. PMID- 1240187 TI - [Changes of membrane components of gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacteria caused by changes of salt concentration]. PMID- 1240189 TI - [Autolysis of the cell wall of Micrococcus lysodeikticus---its physiological significance]. PMID- 1240190 TI - [Dynamics of ribosomes of Vibrio in the condition lacking salts]. PMID- 1240191 TI - [Characteristics of Staphylococcus ribosome in synthesis of poly U-dependent polyphenylalanine]. PMID- 1240192 TI - [Production of esterases and proteases by various Pseudomonas and gram-negative bacilli]. PMID- 1240193 TI - [Amidase of Pseudomonas and non-glucose fermenting, gram-negative bacilli (4)- differences in reaction of various amidases of inducers and inhibitors]. PMID- 1240195 TI - [Characteristics of an aerobic mutant of Lactobacillus bifidus. 3. Aerobiosis of Lactobacillus bifidus induced by single-cell culture technic]. PMID- 1240194 TI - [Enzymes of oral anaerobic bacteria capable of causing mixed infection]. PMID- 1240196 TI - [Photochromogenicity. VII. Reversed photochromogenicity of Streptomyces]. PMID- 1240199 TI - [Purification and characterization of botulinus toxin C]. PMID- 1240198 TI - [Structure and function of proteins of tetanus toxin---reconstruction of the toxin with alpha and beta fragments]. PMID- 1240197 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of cholera toxin molecules]. PMID- 1240200 TI - [Activation of botulinus toxin and cleavage of its subunits]. PMID- 1240201 TI - [Stability of transmitted toxin-producing capability. 2]. PMID- 1240202 TI - [Isolation of beta phage-induced mutants of strains with different diphtheria toxin-producing capability and their application in analysis of toxin production mechanism]. PMID- 1240203 TI - [Staphylococcal TEN. Conditions for exfoliative toxin production]. PMID- 1240204 TI - [Protective effect of OEP vaccine in Pseudomonas inoculation by a nasal spray in the mink]. PMID- 1240205 TI - [Protective effect of somatic components of Leptospira]. PMID- 1240206 TI - [New Leptospira vaccine. I. Preparation of a vaccine using synthetic media]. PMID- 1240207 TI - [Electron microscopic observation, isolation and characteristics of spirosome of Lactobacillus]. PMID- 1240208 TI - [Physicochemical characteristics of the rodlets, the surface structure of Nocardia]. PMID- 1240209 TI - [Relationship between the structure and function of the spore of Bacillus thiaminolyticus M.M]. PMID- 1240210 TI - [Suggested nomenclature for bacterial cells, cell wall (polymer layer) and structural component units]. PMID- 1240211 TI - [Study of agglomeration of Borrelia duttonii. (1) Observation by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 1240212 TI - [Formation of spherocytes of oral Spirochaeta and their characteristics]. PMID- 1240213 TI - [Phagocytosis of Salmonella and bactericidal activity of splenic phagocytes of the chicken-effects of the age of the donor chickens and sensitization with viable or non-viable bacteria]. PMID- 1240214 TI - [Drug hypersensitivity (3). Immune response to penicillin impurity in aminobenzylpenicillin-sensitized animals]. PMID- 1240215 TI - [Analysis of immune response in germ-free mice. 2. Antibody formation in germ free nude mice]. PMID- 1240216 TI - [Cell differentiation and immune response of lymphocytes in guinea pigs. 1. Relationship between lymphoblast formation and delayed hypersensitivity]. PMID- 1240217 TI - [Establishment of immunologic memory by immune RNA. Effect of inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis]. PMID- 1240218 TI - [Lowest chemical component units participating in immunologic adjuvant activities of the bacterial cell wall]. PMID- 1240219 TI - [Potentiation and suppression of antibody formation by adjuvant substance and mitogens]. PMID- 1240220 TI - [Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas, with special reference to hemagglutination reactions with its cell component OEP, protease and elastase and their clinical significance]. PMID- 1240221 TI - [Chemical characteristics and biological activities of lipid fractions of endotoxin]. PMID- 1240222 TI - [Preparation of anti-lipid A antibody and evaluation of its specificity]. PMID- 1240223 TI - [Biological activity of the cell components of Vibrio cholerae. II. A comparison between IF30 and I-LPS fractions]. PMID- 1240224 TI - [Cellular components of Yersinia entrocolitica. (1). Biological activities of endotoxin and the effect of anti-endotoxin serum]. PMID- 1240225 TI - [Mechanism of gel formation reaction of Limulus amoebocyte treated with endotoxin]. PMID- 1240226 TI - [Biological activities of endotoxin-like substance of the human placenta]. PMID- 1240227 TI - [Control of the host chromosome replication by plasmid. II. Resumption of replication of Hfr (R6K) under the influence of high temperature and chloramphenicol]. PMID- 1240228 TI - [Mechanism of control of replication of plasmid R ts 1]. PMID- 1240229 TI - [R factor of Yersinia enterocolitica. Streptomycin (SM) and tetracycline (TC) resistance factor]. PMID- 1240230 TI - [R factor found in Pseudomonas putida]. PMID- 1240231 TI - [Transmission of meta-benzoic acid decomposing plasmid (m-BEN)]. PMID- 1240233 TI - [Natural resistance of mice in experimental typhus]. PMID- 1240232 TI - [Significance of resistance genes in Staphylococcus]. PMID- 1240234 TI - [Anti-infective antigen of non-capsulated Staphylococcus aureus strains]. PMID- 1240235 TI - [Host resistance against Staphylococcus aureus CH-91 stain in sensitized mice]. PMID- 1240236 TI - [Leukocytes and antibody activity in lung infection by Bordetella pertussis in mice]. PMID- 1240237 TI - [Gingival bacteria and their systemic localization in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 1240238 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of macrophages in culture with special reference to phagocytosis. III]. PMID- 1240239 TI - [Experimental salmonellosis. Lysosome of cultured macrophages]. PMID- 1240240 TI - [Release of bactericidal substances derived from lysosome (1)]. PMID- 1240241 TI - [Effect of ozone on Mycoplasma pulmonis and bacterial aerols]. PMID- 1240242 TI - [Effect of anaerobic condition on the Mycoplasma culture]. PMID- 1240243 TI - [Mycoplasma growth promoting factor of egg yolk]. PMID- 1240244 TI - [Effect of fatty acids on the growth of Mycoplasma]. PMID- 1240245 TI - [Participation of various peripheral lymphatic organs in the development of antibody production capability. 1. Difference in responses of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes with antigenic and adjuvant stimulation]. PMID- 1240246 TI - [Antitumor effect of bacterial preparations. 1. Effect of BCG on tumors of guinea pigs]. PMID- 1240247 TI - [Effect of anaerobic Corynebacterium on immunologic response of mice]. PMID- 1240248 TI - [Streptococcal infection and its sequela. Trial production of IgE-like antibody in mice against the cell components of Streptococcus]. PMID- 1240249 TI - [Biological activities of oral anaerobic Corynebacterium]. PMID- 1240250 TI - [Development of delayed hypersensitivity in mice and the effect of adjuvants]. PMID- 1240251 TI - [Significance of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacillus and adjuvant activity of lipopolysaccharides in delayed hypersensitivity]. PMID- 1240252 TI - [Effect of macrophages activated by anaerobic Corynebacterium on cellular immunity]. PMID- 1240253 TI - [Ha antibody against exfoliatin A and B (with special reference to the sera of clinical patients and normal controls)]. PMID- 1240254 TI - [Confidence limit in the relative strength in the antibody determination using pooled samples]. PMID- 1240255 TI - [Tumor immunity induced by Ehrlich tumor (study of antineoplastic polysaccharides. 13)]. PMID- 1240256 TI - [In vivo cell activation effect of alcohol extracts of garlic and their preparations]. PMID- 1240257 TI - [Shwartzman reaction and new neurologic symptoms in mice]. PMID- 1240258 TI - [Substance produced by Staphylococcus with specific cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages of mice]. PMID- 1240259 TI - [Quantitative analysis of cholera toxin - use of cultured tumor cells and their mutants]. PMID- 1240260 TI - [Reverse transformation of tumor cells caused by cholera toxin and the substance inhibiting the process]. PMID- 1240262 TI - [Toxin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus with lethal effects in mice]. PMID- 1240261 TI - [Thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. (VI) Its mechanism of action on FL cells]. PMID- 1240263 TI - [Heterogeneity of streptolysin O]. PMID- 1240264 TI - [Hemolytic toxin of Moraxella bovis]. PMID- 1240265 TI - [Mechanism of Arrhenius' effect of hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus]. PMID- 1240266 TI - [Incompatibility grouping of R factor detected from Aeromonas hydrophila and A. salmonicida]. PMID- 1240267 TI - [Incompatible gene (inc) of plasmid R100-1]. PMID- 1240268 TI - [Mechanism of lysogeny by bacteriophage P1]. PMID- 1240269 TI - [Transformation of Salmonella antigen and infection by phage: the role of the tail of epsilon 34 and C341 during adsorption]. PMID- 1240271 TI - [Dissociation of lambda phage from the host chromosome]. PMID- 1240270 TI - [Salmonella mutant with phage absorption without its infection]. PMID- 1240272 TI - [Delineation and modification of mycobacteriophage]. PMID- 1240273 TI - [Genes participating in crosses of Mycobacterium smegmatis]. PMID- 1240274 TI - [Transmission of drug-resistant plasmids - inhibitory action of LPS on adsorption by phage specific to sex-related fimbria]. PMID- 1240275 TI - [Common antigen of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane]. PMID- 1240276 TI - [Inactivation of antifungal agents by cellular components of Sarcina lutea]. PMID- 1240277 TI - [Characteristics of 9-methylstreptimidone, a new interferon inducer]. PMID- 1240278 TI - [Phage inactivation by glutathione]. PMID- 1240279 TI - [Selective toxicity of silver nitrate on microorganism]. PMID- 1240280 TI - [Anti-tumor effects of anaerobic Corynebacterium]. PMID- 1240281 TI - [Bacterial flora of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 1240282 TI - [Transmissible and non-transmissible plasmids of bacteria and their relationship to epidemiology and biochemical and genetic backgrounds]. PMID- 1240283 TI - [Problems concerning tonsillar infections]. PMID- 1240284 TI - [Problems concerning respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 1240286 TI - [Preservation of pathogenic fungi by freezing and drying]. PMID- 1240285 TI - [Revision of the system of international bacterial nomenclature]. PMID- 1240287 TI - [Evaluation of the drying process in freeze-drying. Morphological observation of the cells and diffusion media]. PMID- 1240288 TI - [Preservation of bacteria by gelatin drying method]. PMID- 1240289 TI - [Transition and distribution of intestinal flora in rats]. PMID- 1240290 TI - [Intestinal bacterial flora and their metabolites, with special reference to their relationship to organic acids and ammonia]. PMID- 1240291 TI - [Bacterial flora of human feces, with special reference to fluctuation and distribution of non-sporulating anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 1240292 TI - [Non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli in the field of clinical bacteriology]. PMID- 1240294 TI - [New methods of classification of Brucella]. PMID- 1240293 TI - [Aerobic gram-negative rods in the field of applied microbiology]. PMID- 1240295 TI - [Classification of Vibrio cholerae and related organisms]. PMID- 1240296 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240297 TI - [Classification of genus Campylobacter]. PMID- 1240298 TI - [Distribution of fatty acid fractions of the bacterial membrane lipids]. PMID- 1240299 TI - [Statistical classification of intestinal bacteria, Tribe Escherichieae, and its problems]. PMID- 1240300 TI - [The concept of Center Species and deduction and verification of new species using its classification system]. PMID- 1240301 TI - [Classification of Corynebacterium renale]. PMID- 1240302 TI - [Clostridium sporogenes-like strains derived from canned food]. PMID- 1240303 TI - [Comparative study of aerobic and anaerbic bacteria in the quantitive culture of the soil collected around Showa Base at the South Pole]. PMID- 1240304 TI - [Similarity value between center species and classification levels of microorganisms]. PMID- 1240305 TI - [Classification of Enterobacter and Klebsiella]. PMID- 1240306 TI - [A new genus, Kitasatoa]. PMID- 1240307 TI - [Ultrastructure of L-form, with special reference to its growth mechanism]. PMID- 1240308 TI - [Existence of fimbria in Corynebacterium]. PMID- 1240309 TI - [Attachment of Corynebacterium renale to animal cells by fimbria]. PMID- 1240310 TI - [Ether sensitivity of Pseudomonas fibrous phage pf]. PMID- 1240311 TI - [Immunological study of oral Spirochaeta with special reference to its localization in the gigival tissue and PCA activities]. PMID- 1240312 TI - [Immunological activities of dental plaques. (5) Immunologically active substance of the microflora of the dental plaque]. PMID- 1240313 TI - [Application of macrophage migration inhibition test (M.I.T.) in syphilis in man]. PMID- 1240315 TI - [Antibacterial immunity in experimental cholera]. PMID- 1240314 TI - [Normal adherence reaction and humoral recognition factor (II)]. PMID- 1240316 TI - [Immuno-bactericidal reaction and one-hit theory]. PMID- 1240317 TI - [Changes in binding of Fc portion caused by chemical modification of protein A]. PMID- 1240318 TI - [Antigenic composition of Catenabacterium saburrerum]. PMID- 1240319 TI - [Antigenic characteristics of lactobacilli serologically related to group A and group E]. PMID- 1240320 TI - [Flagella of enteritis-causing Vibrio (V). Conditions necessary for growth of the flagella]. PMID- 1240321 TI - [Comparative analysis of protein molecules composing ribosomes of rapidly growing Mycobacterium]. PMID- 1240322 TI - [Bacteriocin produced by Rhodochrous (1)]. PMID- 1240323 TI - [Isolation and characterization of beta-lactamase of Proteus rettgeri No. 1602]. PMID- 1240324 TI - [Epidemiology, biochemistry and genetics of transmissible and non-transmissible plasmids in bacteria]. PMID- 1240325 TI - [Purfication of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and C and preparation of anti enterotoxin sera]. PMID- 1240326 TI - [Kidney lodgment of staphylococcus: its relationship to the growth patterns of S. epidermidis and S. aureus in serum-soft agar]. PMID- 1240327 TI - [A case of atransferrinemia and 35 cases of hypotransferrinemia as determined by radioassay of total iron-binding capacity of the serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240328 TI - [Studies on platelet functions of patients with thrombasthenia--with special reference to the effects of prostaglandin E2 on platelet aggregation and serotonin release (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240329 TI - [A case of "chronic" leukemic reticuloendotheliosis with excellent response to chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240331 TI - [A case of primary myelofibrosis associated with massive splenomegaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240330 TI - [A case of aplastic anemia associated with nephrotic syndrome with suddenly occurred under anabolic steroid therapy. Studies on hematopoietic stem cells and erythropoietin production (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240332 TI - [Editorial: Leukocytes and cobalophilin]. PMID- 1240333 TI - [A study on cell-mediated immunity in patients with aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240334 TI - [A case of multiple myeloma pathological plasmacytes and M-protein in the pleural fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240336 TI - [Editorial: Confusions over DIC]. PMID- 1240335 TI - [Exertional hemoglobinuria: a report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240337 TI - [Pain of the frontal region and symptoms of dural meningeal stimulation (with abnormal radiographic presentation of the thoracic region): cryptococcal meningitis]. PMID- 1240338 TI - [Backache and subacute paraplegia: tuberculous spondylitis (spinal cord compression with abscess formation)]. PMID- 1240339 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency at exertion and sudden unconsciousness (neoplastic pleurisy: lung cancer and non-bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 1240341 TI - [General sense of fatigue and respiratory insufficiency (thrombosis of the brain and the lower extremities and heart enlargement): idiopathic myocardiopathy (atypical)]. PMID- 1240340 TI - [Fever, erythema and muscular atrophy (with abnormal Q wave and congestive heart failure: dermatomyositis (with myocarditis)]. PMID- 1240342 TI - [Syncope and arrhythmia (Adams-Stokes syndrome): endocardial fibroelastosis]. PMID- 1240343 TI - [Palpitation at exertion: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1240344 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency (progressive postpartum cardiac insufficiency): puerperal cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1240345 TI - [Bronchial asthma, consciousness disorder and vision disorder (of a juvenile onset): anoxic encephalopathy (with secondary pulmonary fibrosis)]. PMID- 1240346 TI - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency and abnormal (butterfly shadow) radiographic presentation of the thoracic region: pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. PMID- 1240347 TI - [Headache, high fever and cognition disorder: tuberculous meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 1240348 TI - [Butterfly-like erythematous lesions and intermittent fever: miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1240349 TI - [Nausea, vomiting, respiratory difficulty and unconsciousness: late stage of acute disseminated military tuberculosis]. PMID- 1240350 TI - [Edema, respiratory insufficiency, fever and pain of the right back: tuberculous mediastinal abscess and constrictive pericarditis]. PMID- 1240351 TI - [Fever, emaciation and chronic diarrhea: solitary tuberculosis of the intestine]. PMID- 1240352 TI - [Fever, emaciation, diarrhea and emotional distress: intestinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 1240353 TI - [Pain at the ileocecal region and fever: acute non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis]. PMID- 1240354 TI - [Fever, joint pains, cervical lymphadenitis, jaundice and unconsciousness: acute fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 1240355 TI - [Vomiting and coma (with hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia and hyperammoniemia): chronic, recurrent pancreatitis]. PMID- 1240356 TI - [High fever and bloating: giant hydronephrosis]. PMID- 1240357 TI - [Gastric syphilis. Case 1: epigastric pain and vomiting, Case 2: dilatation of the gastric region (cases of possible gastric cancer with positive radiographic and endoscopic results but with negative biopsy and cytodiagnostic findings)]. PMID- 1240358 TI - [Fever, arthralgia, various neurologic symptoms and uremia: systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1240359 TI - [Fever, myalgia and oculomotor disturbances (with intermittent pain of the truncal region and respiratory insufficiency): acute polymyositis of the red muscles]. PMID- 1240360 TI - [Dry cough, respiratory difficulty and muscular weakness: interstitial pneumonia (primary) and polymyositis]. PMID- 1240361 TI - [Dull pain of the lower extremities, visual disturbances and proteinuria): aspergillosis (with diabetes mellitus)]. PMID- 1240363 TI - [Chronic watery diarrhea: protozoa infection of the small intestine (with malabsorption dynrome)]. PMID- 1240362 TI - [Presence of miliary lesions in chest x-ray and fever: systemic lupus erythematosus (with cryptococcosis)]. PMID- 1240364 TI - [Arrhythmia, Adams-Stokes syndrome and cardiac insufficiency: idiopathic amyloidosis]. PMID- 1240365 TI - [Edema and general malaise: primary systemic amyloidosis]. PMID- 1240366 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome: idiopathic amyloidosis]. PMID- 1240367 TI - [Amyloidosis and nephrotic syndrome: renal amyloidosis caused by rheumatoid fever]. PMID- 1240369 TI - [Nodule formation at the neck and joint pains: amyloidosis (with chronic rheumatoid arthritis)]. PMID- 1240368 TI - [Dilatation and dull pain of the upper abdomen: amyloidosis (systemic and primary)]. PMID- 1240370 TI - [Visual and cognition disturbances, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation: familial idiopathic amyloidosis]. PMID- 1240371 TI - [Dull pain and nodule formation at the right costal region: amyoloidosis (of the stomach and lung)]. PMID- 1240372 TI - [Muscular rigity, changes of the dermal and glossal conditions and motor disturbances of the extremities and the tongue: idiopathic amyoloidosis]. PMID- 1240374 TI - [Mild fever and hilar lymphadenopathy: pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1240373 TI - [Joint pains, high fever and multiple round lesions observed in pulmonary radiography: sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1240375 TI - [Fever, cognition disorder and polyuria: diabetes insipidus caused by sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1240376 TI - [Fever, edema, ascites and hepatosplenomegaly: malignant reticulohistiocytosis originating at the spleen]. PMID- 1240377 TI - [Fever and anemia (with lymphopenia, presence of atypical monocytic cells and hepatosplenomegaly): malignant reticulosis]. PMID- 1240378 TI - [Sustained high fever and hepatosplenomegaly: reactive reticulosis with appearance of Hodgkin-type cells]. PMID- 1240379 TI - [Nodule formation at the neck, abdominal distention and ambulation and speech disorders: histiocytic medullary reticulosis]. PMID- 1240380 TI - [Left hemiplegia and a reduced cognition level following recovery from right hemiplegia: malignant reticulosis]. PMID- 1240381 TI - [Remittent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombopenia and transverse spinal cord symptoms: histiocytic medullary reticulosis]. PMID- 1240382 TI - [Fever, erythema and lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin's granuloma]. PMID- 1240383 TI - [Fever, pain at the right costal region and lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin's disease (clinical features and chemotherapy)]. PMID- 1240384 TI - [Fever, coughs and respiratory insufficiency: Hodgkin's disease of the lung]. PMID- 1240385 TI - [Headache, vomiting and alternate hemiplegia: malignant chorioepithelioma in a woman at the menopausal age]. PMID- 1240386 TI - [Cognition and speech disorders, right hemiplegia and melena: malignant chorioepithelioma]. PMID- 1240387 TI - [Sensation of an increased pressure in the thoracic cavity, pleural effusion, splenomegaly and lymphadenitis: malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 1240388 TI - [Ascites and edema of the lower extremities (with hypergammaglobulinemia): myeloma (highly differentiated type with Russell bodies)]. PMID- 1240389 TI - [Backache, fever, hepatosplenomegaly and anemia (following ovariectomy): neuroblastoma (originating from ovarian teratoma)]. PMID- 1240390 TI - [Acute pain of the right costal region and dull pain of the left thigh: gallbladder cancer and undifferentiated sarcoma of the psoas major muscle (multiple malignant tumors)]. PMID- 1240391 TI - [Sensori-motor disturbances (with fever and cognition disorder): ventricular ependymoma]. PMID- 1240392 TI - [Numbness of the truncal region and extremities, headache and vomiting: tumor of the cervical cord and spinomedullary syringomyelia]. PMID- 1240393 TI - [Multiple neurologic manifestations: epidermoid of the 4th ventricle]. PMID- 1240394 TI - [Epileptic seizures, edema and epistaxis (hyperviscosity syndrome): multiple myeloma with right frontal meningioma]. PMID- 1240395 TI - [Incomplete left hemiplegia, Balint syndrome, Gerstmann syndrome and spasms: diffuse gliomatosis]. PMID- 1240396 TI - [Polydipsia, polyuria, anorexia and emaciation: pinealoma]. PMID- 1240397 TI - [Anorexia, emaciation and amenorrhea: ectopic pinealoma with possible hCG production]. PMID- 1240399 TI - [Edema and vertigo (with heart murmur): fibroangiosarcoma (originating at the right ventricle)]. PMID- 1240398 TI - [Stridor and hemoptysis: thyroid cancer metastasizing to the trachea]. PMID- 1240400 TI - [Spasms of the face and left arm and incomplete paralysis of the left arm and leg (with superior vena cava syndrome): epidermoid carcinoma of the lung (originating at the right upper lobe and metastasizing to the brain, kidneys and the right adrenal gland)]. PMID- 1240401 TI - [Transverse spinal symptoms (unsteady gait, paraplegia and urination disorder) and abnormal radiographic presentation of the lung: lung cancer with spinal cord metastasis]. PMID- 1240402 TI - [Facial redness and liver cancer: malignant pulmonary carcinoid]. PMID- 1240403 TI - [Abdominal discomfort and postprandial epigastric pain (with small, raised mucosal lesions of the stomach): gastric carcinoid]. PMID- 1240404 TI - [Hemoptysis, subcutaneous hemorrhage, epistaxis, passing of dark stool (with hemorrhagic diathesis and thrombopenia) and respiratory insufficiency: gastric adenocarcinoma and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 1240405 TI - [Obstructive jaundice: cancer of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 1240406 TI - [Dull pain at the left costal region: hemangioma of the mesentery of the stomach and colon]. PMID- 1240407 TI - [Tumor of the upper left abdomen: extra-gastric leiomyoma of the stomach]. PMID- 1240408 TI - [Increased pressure of the left frontal thorax and a tumor of the upper left abdomen: mediastinal fibroma]. PMID- 1240409 TI - [Fever, spasms and general malaise: rectal cancer]. PMID- 1240410 TI - [Fever, anemia, leukemoid reaction and abdominal tumor: retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 1240411 TI - [Edema, passing of dark stool and anemia: diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia and intestinal lymphangiectasis (with protein-losing enteropathy)]. PMID- 1240412 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the liver: hepatomegaly (persisting for 10 years); fever, general malaise and anorexia (at the time of 1st admission to the hospital); general fatigue and bloating of the hypogastric region (at the 2nd admission); and backache, jaundice and abdominal swelling at the final admission)]. PMID- 1240413 TI - [Spasms and paroxysmal unconsciousness (hypoglycemic): primary liver cancer]. PMID- 1240414 TI - [Paraplegia and recto-vesical disorders: metastasis of liver cancer to the spinal cord (case 1) and to the thoracic vertebrae (case 2)]. PMID- 1240415 TI - [Pain of the lower abdomen and dryness of the mouth (with chyliform ascites and glycosuria): pancreatic cancer (with chyliform ascites)]. PMID- 1240416 TI - [General malaise, passing of whitish stool and jaundice (with diabetes mellitus): cancer of the pancreatic head]. PMID- 1240417 TI - [Hypogastric pain and jaundice: cancer of the region of the pancreatic head]. PMID- 1240418 TI - [Tumor and pain of the left costal region and anemia: true pancreatic cyst (portal hypertension due to compression of the pancreatic vein)]. PMID- 1240419 TI - [Hemoptysis and tumor of the upper left abdomen (with hypertension): pancreatic cyst]. PMID- 1240420 TI - [Headache (with hypokalemia and reninism) and juvenile hypertension: hemangiopericytoma]. PMID- 1240421 TI - [Ambulatory difficulty and sensory disturbance of the lower extremities: Grawitz's tumor (with metastasis to the thoracic vertebrae)]. PMID- 1240422 TI - [Hemoptysis and palpitation (with hypertension): pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1240423 TI - [Akinetic mutism: bilateral multiple foci of encephalomalacia at the thalamus and basal nucleus]. PMID- 1240424 TI - [Cognition disorder (with hyperglycemia and abnormal electrocardiographic manifestations): obstruction of the left middle cerebral artery]. PMID- 1240425 TI - [Cognition disorder (recurrent symptoms) and acromegalic facies: acromegaly and pituitary apoplexy]. PMID- 1240426 TI - [Cognition disorder and hematuria (with presence of the blood in the cerebrospinal fluid): massive hemorrhage of the right cerebellar hemisphere]. PMID- 1240427 TI - [Gigantism and amenorrhea: eunuchoid gigantism]. PMID- 1240428 TI - [Fever, hemoptysis and proteinuria (with kidney failure): Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 1240429 TI - [Muscular weakness, muscular atrophy, sensory disturbances, motor ataxia, articulation oculomotor and deglutition disorders and lingual atrophy: Dejerine Sottas disease]. PMID- 1240430 TI - [Coughing, stridor and paroxysmal respiratory insufficiency: encephalomalacia with hemorrhage and renal infarction (associated with bronchial asthma and symptomatic plethora)]. PMID- 1240431 TI - [Cyanosis and respiratory insufficiency (during the late stage of pregnancy: systemic thrombosis and pregnancy toxemia with Eisenmenger complex and pulmonary thrombosis as chief symptoms]. PMID- 1240432 TI - [Paroxysmal respiratory insufficiency (with honeycomb lung and heart murmurs): perforation of the ventricular septum and myocardial infarction (with pulmonary fibrosis)]. PMID- 1240433 TI - [Syncopic spells, anemia and abdominal tumor: rupture of dissecting aortic aneurysm into the pericardium]. PMID- 1240434 TI - [Right ventricular hypertrophy of unknown etiology and cardiac failure: rupture of syphilitic aortic aneurysm into the right pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1240435 TI - [Abdominal distention, dilatation of the vein of the abdominal wall, and ascites formation (with resistance to anti-diuretics): Hepatic vein thrombosis (Chiari's syndrome)]. PMID- 1240436 TI - [Chronic diarrhea (with an increase of atypical lymphocytes): malabsorption syndrome (Isospora belli infection and immune deficiency)]. PMID- 1240437 TI - [Anemia, edema, abdominal pain and diarrhea (with delayed development of sexual characteristics): non-specific multiple ulceration of the small intestine (secondary protein-losing enteropathy)]. PMID- 1240438 TI - [Increased alkaline phosphatase activity, pain at the right costal region and fever: atypical ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1240439 TI - [Postoperative fever, jaundice and cognition disorder: acute hepatic necrosis caused by halothane]. PMID- 1240440 TI - [Jaundice, general malaise, anorexia and pruritus: Mirizzi's syndrome (hepatorenal syndrome)]. PMID- 1240441 TI - [Coma and edema (a clinical course of diabetes mellitus): diabetes mellitus and hepatic cancer (with spontaneous hypoglycemia)]. PMID- 1240442 TI - [Obesity, menstruation disorder and headache (tumor of the left adrenal gland and an increase in the ACTH level): Cushing's syndrome (with abnormal 11-OHCS level)]. PMID- 1240443 TI - [Obesity and the moon face (hypoproteinemia and hypokalemia): ectopic adrenal cortex adenoma (Cushing's syndrome)]. PMID- 1240445 TI - [Intermittent fever, skin eruption, stomatitis, coughs and phlegm formation: Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 1240444 TI - [Sexual precocity in a girl (with abdominal pain, fever and hepatomegaly): adenoma of the right adrenal cortex (adrenogenital syndrome)]. PMID- 1240447 TI - [General malaise with sustained hypokalemia: Bartter's disease]. PMID- 1240446 TI - [Upper abdominal pain, jaundice and photosensitivity with hemorrhagic tendency: erythrohepatic protoporphyria and atypical liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1240448 TI - [Anorexia, abdominal distention and decreased visual acuity (a clinical course of diabetes mellitus): polycystic kidney and tuberculous peritonitis]. PMID- 1240449 TI - [Jaundice, vomiting and abdominal pain (nephrotic syndrome): intussusception (with lipoid nephrosis)]. PMID- 1240450 TI - [Hemoptysis, palpitation, vertigo and abdominal distention: primary myeloproliferative disorder]. PMID- 1240451 TI - [Fever, thoracic and lumbar pains and anemia (with leukemoid reaction): secondary myeloproliferative disorder (with stomach cancer)]. PMID- 1240452 TI - [Splenomegaly, periodic fever, jaundice, hepatomegaly and DIC: extramedullary myeloproliferative disorders]. PMID- 1240453 TI - [Anemia (with splenomegaly since childhood): congenital spherocytosis (with special reference to abnormalities of erythrocyte membrane proteins]. PMID- 1240454 TI - [Jaundice (of a long duration): Hyperbilirubinemia (Rotor's syndrome)]. PMID- 1240456 TI - [Abdominal distention, melena and hemorrhagic tendency following splenectomy: essential thrombocythemia]. PMID- 1240455 TI - [Edema of the lower extremities: Menetrier's disease (secondary hyperlipemia type IIb)]. PMID- 1240457 TI - [Consciousness disorder and spasm: nephrosclerosis (problems of dialysis therapy)]. PMID- 1240458 TI - [Marked autonomic nervous symptoms and systemic sensory disturbances following appendectomy: myeloradiculoneuropathy due to spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 1240459 TI - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240460 TI - [Diseases causing microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MHA)]. PMID- 1240461 TI - [Diagnostic criteria and etiology of microangiopathic anemia]. PMID- 1240462 TI - [Consumption coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - with special reference to their clinical concepts]. PMID- 1240464 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. PMID- 1240463 TI - [Background diseases and etiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. PMID- 1240465 TI - [Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. PMID- 1240466 TI - [Relationship between disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MHA)]. PMID- 1240467 TI - [Thrombotic thrombopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) - differentiation of the clinical characteristics]. PMID- 1240468 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 1240469 TI - [Hypertension and Cushing's syndrome - diagnosis and classification of Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 1240470 TI - [Clinical examination of hyperlipemia - normal and abnormal levels of blood lipid fractions]. PMID- 1240471 TI - [Skin conditions and their systemic background. 12. Ulcer]. PMID- 1240472 TI - [Dinamic process in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and application of diagnostic criteria in pancreatic function tests]. PMID- 1240473 TI - [17 cases of renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 1240475 TI - [Chronic nephritis]. PMID- 1240474 TI - [Changes in the content of the tracheal secretion during protease administration]. PMID- 1240476 TI - [Chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 1240477 TI - [Nephrotic syndromes in children]. PMID- 1240478 TI - [Social rehabilitation of patients with kidney diseases and its problem--adult nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1240479 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis]. PMID- 1240480 TI - [Renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 1240481 TI - [Prognosis of kidney diseases by inductive statistics]. PMID- 1240482 TI - [Ayurveda--Caraka Samhita. (4)]. PMID- 1240483 TI - [Application of component analysis in internal medicine]. PMID- 1240484 TI - [Autopsy case of malignant mesothelioma originating at the pericardium]. PMID- 1240485 TI - [Familial cases of Toxocara cati infection]. PMID- 1240486 TI - [The history of ultramicro chemistry and its practical problem to clinical work (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240487 TI - [Practice of renal function tests in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240488 TI - [Liver function test in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240490 TI - [Liver function tests of hyperbilirubinemia in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240489 TI - [Serum protein levels in healthy Japanese children, with special regard to 5 classes of immunoglobulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240491 TI - [On the lipid metabolism of the nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240492 TI - [Dynamics of microcyte in iron deficiency anemia before and after treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240493 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones using polyethyleneglycol. II. Glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240494 TI - [The determination of hydroxyproline in urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240495 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of the esophagus. (1) Diffuse granular shadows of the esophagus]. PMID- 1240496 TI - [Double density of the lesser curvature of the stomach- a finding in cancer of the body and tail of the pancreas]. PMID- 1240497 TI - [Selective arteriography using a Mikaelson catheter]. PMID- 1240498 TI - [Clinical investigation of adrenal scintigraphy with 131-I-19-iodocholesterol]. PMID- 1240499 TI - [Case of lymphangioma of the transverse colon]. PMID- 1240500 TI - [Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia]. PMID- 1240502 TI - [Irregular field shaping in radiation therapy-experience of the use of "Sheller Shield"]. PMID- 1240501 TI - [Angiographycally detected leiomyosarcoma of the rectosigmoidal junction]. PMID- 1240503 TI - [Fractured bronchus]. PMID- 1240504 TI - [Tumor scintigraphy. 7. Scintigrams of abdominal tumor]. PMID- 1240505 TI - [Radiotherapy of stomach cancer (1), with special reference to pathological changes caused by radiation]. PMID- 1240506 TI - [X-ray protection lecture series (12)]. PMID- 1240507 TI - [Serum complemet level in various infectious skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240508 TI - [Pemphigus vulgaris and HL-A antigens (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240509 TI - [Study on the surface of fat cells in normal human skin by scanning and cryoscanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240510 TI - [Induction of contact hypersensitivity in the mouse and the effect of some immunological treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240511 TI - [The significance of serum concentration of C3 and C4 for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of SLE]. PMID- 1240512 TI - [Studies on classification of nevus pigmentosus and cholinesterase activity of nevus cell]. PMID- 1240513 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis in Hokuriku area]. PMID- 1240514 TI - [Metabolic abnormalities in experimental fatty liver developing into cirrhosis. Part I. The respiratory control index and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated liver mitochondria of rats]. PMID- 1240515 TI - [Metabolic abnormalities in experimental fatty liver developing into cirrhosis. Part II. Long-chain fatty acid oxidation in isolated liver mitochondria of rats]. PMID- 1240516 TI - [Two cases of primary biliary cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240517 TI - [Non-specific ulceration of the small intestine resulting in fatal intestinal perforation after diabetic coma--an autopsy case]. PMID- 1240518 TI - [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis observed as the improvement of the clinical symptom due to cholestyramine treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240519 TI - [Angiogenic tumor of the small intestine. A case report and a statistical study of cases reported in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240520 TI - [A case of chronic intrahepatic cholestasis with hypogammaglobulinemia induced by sulfa drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240521 TI - [Diagnosis and management of non-epithelial neoplasms of the stomach. 1. Symptoms of sarcoma of the stomach]. PMID- 1240522 TI - [Pancreatic neoplasms associated with pancreatolithiasis]. PMID- 1240523 TI - [Mucous barrier as a protective factor in the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 1240524 TI - [Follow-up results of patients with periodical check-up after gastrectomy]. PMID- 1240525 TI - [Electrocardiographic abnormalities in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 1240526 TI - [Autopsy study of pericardial lesions in the aged]. PMID- 1240527 TI - [Effect of aging on changes of T-wave in post-exercise electrocardiography]. PMID- 1240528 TI - [Age-related changes of microbodies of human hepatic cells]. PMID- 1240529 TI - [Vertigo in the aged]. PMID- 1240530 TI - [Expiratory dynamics of the emphysematous lung]. PMID- 1240531 TI - [Anatomical constraints in the design of artificial hearts computer analysis of dimensional mesurements of casts of the thoracic cavity and data derived from thoracic radiography]. PMID- 1240532 TI - [Pattern recognition of fundus photographs. (2) Automatic recognition of arterio venous crossing phenomena ulilizing color information (2)]. PMID- 1240533 TI - [Vibrotactile stimulation for a reading aid for the blind]. PMID- 1240534 TI - [Systems design for automated multiphasic health testing]. PMID- 1240536 TI - [Propeties of biological systems. (2) electrical properties]. PMID- 1240535 TI - [Analysis of the constitutive laws of the vascular wall by finite deformation theory]. PMID- 1240538 TI - [Functional hemispheric asymmetry in perception of random forms (author's transl)]. AB - 2 experiments were conducted in which Ss made the "same-different" judgement with respect to a pair of random forms which were serially presented to the right and the left VF tachistoscopically. In Exp. I, the stimulus materials were random form painted solidly, and in Exp. II they were contour forms. The major results of both experiments were essentially the same. The results indicated that right VF-lead condition produced more errors than the left VF-lead condition, and that the high complexity form group produced more errors than the low complexity form group. The tendency of left VF-lead superiority was more pronounced when the interval between the 2 stimuli was longer. These results suggest the possibility of the right hemisphere's superior function concerning the perception of random forms. PMID- 1240537 TI - [Experimental study of schizophrenia I. Cognitive structure of emotionally expressed voices (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive structure of the schizophrenic patients. Two, one word sentence, "father" and "mother", with 15 different emotional expressions were given by both male and female announcers as verbal stimuli. Stimuli were judged by 29 normal students and 22 schizophrenic patients on 5 monopolar rating scales. Using both d-index and factor analysis, 4 factors were found. With Factor 1 no difference between the normals and the patients was found. With Factor 2 a little difference was found between the two, and with Factor 3 a great difference was found. Factor 4 was responded only by the normals. Considering the hypothesis states there are 2 stages in the cognition, the schizophrenic character was found on the second stage of the process where the reinterpretation of the information was made. PMID- 1240539 TI - [An analysis of individual differences in reading abilities of the partially sighted children (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of present study was to analyze the intra- and inter- individual differences in reading abilities of the partial-sighted children. The Ss, consists of 79 normal-sighted children and 20 partial-sighted ones, were given 20 tests by the E. In order to analyze the intra-individual differences by the ratio of individual scores obtained, T scores were converted into Z scores after obtaining each T score of 20 tests. The partial-sighted were significantly inferior to the normal-sighted in 7 tests. By both cluster analysis and Q technique, the clusters were found to be unstable in terms of the discrimination of the partial-sighted from the normal sighted. 2 groups, however, were completely discriminated by the method of multiple correlation coefficient of which ratio was .839. PMID- 1240540 TI - [Clinical studies on pheochromocytoma with surgical aspects (II). Pheochromocytoma and phenoxybenzamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240541 TI - [Dynamic and pharmacologic urethral pressure profile study: significance of alpha adrenergic role in the urethra (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240542 TI - [The experimental and clinical studies on the urinary calculi with the special reference to the metabolism of uric acid. Report I: clinical statistics of urolithiasis with special reference to the relationship of serum uric acid concentration and urinary uric acid excretion to the formation of urinary oxalate containing calculi (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240543 TI - [The experimental and clinical studies on the urinary calculi with the special reference to the metabolism of uric acid. Report II: relationship between urinary uric acid excretion and recurrent urinary oxalate containing calculus formation with special reference to the prevention of recurrence of formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240544 TI - [The experimental and clinical studies on the urinary calculi with the special reference to the metabolism of uric acid. Report III: cause of primary hyperuricemia; in particular, basic study of primary hyperuricemia due to disorder to the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240545 TI - [Immunological studies on mouse testicular tumor. Humoral antibody response against testicular interstitial cell tumor in tumor-bearing mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240546 TI - Interrelationship between plasminogen activator activity and tissue repair of the bladder (author's transl). PMID- 1240547 TI - [A case report: Left ovarian vein syndrome? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240548 TI - [The problem of crossed eye-hand dominance (author's transl)]. AB - The manual and visual dominance of one side has in recent times attracted much attention from many aspects. Crossed dominance (right eye - left hand) seems significant in strabismus of childhood. For the first time recently it has become obvious, that the structure of the body and its muscles, especially of the trunk is asymmetrical. Even in normal persons the centre of gravity of the body is not in the midline, but displaced usually some distance to the left. We have examined the stabilographic proportions in 30 normal and 30 squinting children. In the normal children, with closed eyes the centre of gravity of the body was displaced in 80% to the right, in the quinting children this point was in 73% displaced to the left. We can deduce from this, that the marked right-eye dominance in squinting children is responsible for the displacement of the centre of gravity. If the right eye is open, then the vertical body-axis tends a little to the left. This tendency demands an increase of muscle tone on the left side of the body and with this a displacement of the body centre of gravity to the left; this not only, when the right eye is open, but also, when both eyes are opened or closed. From our experience this adjustment is especially suited to normalise the working together of the hand and the eye in squinting children. PMID- 1240549 TI - [Present state of diagnosis and treatment of the adrenogenital syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The adrenogenital syndrome (AGS; congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH]) is caused by a congenital defect in biosynthesis of cortisol. It is transmitted by the autosomal recessiv mode of inheritance. Its frequency in Central Europe is about 1:5000 live births, which means two to three times more frequent than phenylketonuria. The following enzyme deficiencies have been described so far: 21 kydroxylase (mild and severe type), 11-hydroxylase, 3-beta hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase, cholesterol desmolase, 18 hydroxylase, 18-dehydrogenase. The clinical symptoms of AGS consist of signs of virilism in girls and macrogenitosomia praecox in boys. In addition, life threatening salt losing crises occur in patients with the severe form of 21 hydroxylase deficiency and the rare cases of 3-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase and 18-hydroxylase deficiency. The diagnosis should be made as early as possible by a thorough clinical examinations revealing signs of virisism and by the determination of elevated concentrations of androgens in plasma and urine. The therapy consists of substitution of cortisol (hydrocortisone) in the doses of 25- 40 mg per m2 body surface per day. If synthetic derivatives are used glucocorticoid equivalent doses must be considered. Regular, short-term follow ups on outpatient basis are necessary in order to monitor proper growth, bone age development and urinary steroid excretion. On this supposition almost normal growth and development can be achieved in children with AGS. Girls may become fertile following additional corrective surgery. Only in patients with the salt losing form of AGS normal growth appears to be limited despite optimal medical supervision. PMID- 1240550 TI - [Long term follow up after parenteral specific hyposensitization in children (author's transl)]. AB - The long term follow up of 55 children with allergy treated by specific hyposensitization therapy is reported. Hyposensitization therapy had been terminated from 2--7 years previously. The success of treatment was subjectively judged to be satisfactory of good in 62% of the cases. In the group of asthmatic children, asthma attacks had decreased or ceased in 74% of the cases: in children with hay fever only 24% continued to have as many or more symptoms as before treatment. In children with asthma and pollen allergy, the success rate was slightly higher with aqueous extracts (68%) than with pyridine-extracted and alum precipitated extract administration (43%). Also in children with hay fever symptoms alone the use of aqueous extracts seemed to bring somewhat better results (57% with good or satisfactory success) in comparison with pyridine extracted and alum-precipitated extracts (45%). Side effects of hyposensitization therapy occured in 29 children (53%). PMID- 1240551 TI - [The juvenile bone cyst. Diagnosis, therapy and late results. Report about 60 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 60 patients were operated for a solitary bone cyst during a 20 years period. In about 50% the patients were between 8 and 14 years old. The quotient male to female was 2:1. In 65% the cyst was located in the femur and humerus. The therapy was in 43 patients autoplasty, in 8 cases heterotransplantation--"Kieler Span", in the other cases resections were carried out. The follow-up study covered 41 patients. The results were excellent in 50%, sufficient in 36%, poor in 12%. The best results were achieved with autoplasty bone chips. Among 43 cases 1 recurrency. PMID- 1240552 TI - [Age-dependence of the complement (beta 1A/C) serum concentration in healthy children (author's transl)]. AB - In 496 sera of healthy children(cord blood, newborn infants, children up to 10 years of age) complement (C'3) was determined quantitatively by single radial immunodiffusion technique. Higher values are found in cord blood as compared to newborns during the first days of life. Adult levels are reached in infants aged 12 to 36 months. Complement is produced in excess. Normal concentrations do not necessarily exclude a pathologic situation. Abnormally high or low levels of complement (C'3) in the serum may point at pathologic processes. However, single determinations are of pathognomonic value only when low concentrations are found. Age dependency of C'3-levels in children has to be kept in mind when used for diagnosis. PMID- 1240553 TI - [Congenital spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia: follow-up of a case over 9 years (author's transl)]. AB - A girl with the symptoms of dysplasia spondyloepiphysaria congenita has been observed during 9 years. The progressively severe alterations of the skeleton are demonstrated and briefly discussed. PMID- 1240554 TI - [Compression of trachea and esophagus by abnormal course of the left pulmonary artery (author's transl)]. AB - A three months old infant with abnormal origine and course of the left pulmonary artery is described. The course of the left pulmonary artery between oesophagus and trachea causes narrowing of the distal trachea leading to in- and expiratory stridor. A ventral indentation of the oesophagus, visible on the lateral plane of an oesophageal roentgenogram, is characteristic for the anomaly which can be proven by pulmonary angiography. PMID- 1240555 TI - Ethyl alcohol and defence behavior in the cat. AB - The effects of graded doses of ethyl alcohol on defence behaviour were studied in nine cats: 0.25 g/kg of body weight had a slight but not significant excitatory effect, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg had no effect and 1.5 g/kg significantly depressed some behavior components. When taking the scores for all the manifestations combined as an index of gross behaviour, 0.25 significantly intensified, 0.5 and 1.0 did not change and 1.5 g alcohol/kg significantly depressed defence. These results are consistent with the expected effects of alcohol on physiological functions in general. PMID- 1240556 TI - [Histoid variety of lepromatous leprosy]. AB - Three cases of the so-called "histoid variety" of lepromatous leprosy are reported. This variety has definite clinical features, associated with characteristic histological and bacteriological findings. Some of the features presented by our patients are similar to those described originally by Wade, especially the resistance to treatment. Considering the discrepancies existing among the authors that studied the subject, our opinion is that further studies should be done in order to elucidate the controverted points. PMID- 1240557 TI - [Genital amebiasis and cancer]. AB - Genital amebiasis is not a frequent entity. Its association with cancer is still more rare. The author found just two other cases reported in the literature reviewed since 1892 up to date. A clinico-pathologic study was made of 4 cases of this uncommon coexistence: in two patients the lesions were located in the vulva; in the other two at the cervix uteri. Two of them showed eczematous reactions that disappeared with the antiamebian treatment; they were considered as Amebids, though mechanisms of photosensitivity. PMID- 1240558 TI - [Multiple dermatofibromas with protuberans dermatofibrosarcoma]. AB - A 40 year-old female with multiple dermatofibromas (82) associated with Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans is presented. Although of a common fibroblastic origin, these lesions are considered independent. Their presence in the same patient is considered of interest. PMID- 1240559 TI - [Achromic malignant lentigo]. AB - A case of achromic lentigo maligna is presented. The rarity and the importance of the differential diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 1240560 TI - [Symptomatic or secondary allergic vasculitis. Pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis]. AB - The histopathologic alterations of the allergic cutaneous vasculitis (fibrinoid necrosis of the walls of the small blood vessels with infiltration of neuthrophils in Karyorrexis) is seen in several entities. It is possible to divide such entities in two groups: a) Primitive allergic vasculitis in which the vascular lesion is dominant and. b) Secondary allergic vasculitis in which the vascular alterations, not constant, are integrants of variable histopathologic conditions. Many classifications have deen done on clinical and pathological bases. Such classifications are not satisfactory. A classification in base of physiopathologic and immunologic mechanisms could permit adequate therapeutic planning. In this paper we consider the secondary vasculitis only. The secondary angitis are seen in: 1) Difuse colagen diseases. 3) Conditions related to infections or inflamatory processes. 3) Angitis produced by drugs. 4) Conditions produced by insects or parasites bites. 5) Heterogeneous group that include diferent tipes of not necrotizing sistemic angitis in uhich, some times, trombosant and necrotizing processes are associated. PMID- 1240561 TI - [Experimental studies on seborheric alopecia. III. Localization of testosterone receptors in human hairy follicles]. AB - The author studies the location of the testosterone receptors in huamn hair follicles, by means of the isolation of the two most outstanding fractions of the pilosebaceous follicle, i.e., hair follicle and sebaceous gland. The two fractions were obtained by micro-dissection, homogenisation by separate, and isolation of the correspondig cytosol fraction. It was demonstrated that the two fractions possess the same binding activity against the andreogen tested. PMID- 1240562 TI - [World survey on the use of thalidomide in leprosy reaction]. AB - Review of the answers of a questionary sent to 62 different Leprosy Departments. The results indicate that in 99% of lepromatous patients with lepra-reactions, the response to thalidomide was satisfactory. In the tuberculoid and borderline types of lepra, the results were not good. PMID- 1240563 TI - [Cephalic mycetoma, caused by Streptomyces somaliensis, involving the cranial cavity]. AB - A case of cephalic mycetoma caused by Streptomyces somaliensis which has involved the orbit and craneal cavity with exoftalmus and symptoms of irritation and brain compression is reported. The patient has improved with a medical treatment (sulfomethoxazol-trimetoprim) associated with a descompressive craniectomy. The authors comment the geographic distribution of the agents of mycetoma especially of S. somaliensis very rare specie in America. Only 10 proved cases of Mycetoma caused by this Actinomycete have been found in Mexico. Our patient came from the state of Chihuahua, in the north of Mexico and is the second case from this state and the most septentrional (parallel 32 degrees) in the American continent. PMID- 1240564 TI - [Relapsing childhood digital fibromatosis. Study of a case with electron and light microscopy and review of the literature]. AB - The first Latin-American case of a relapsing digital fibromatosis in a 6 months old child is presented by the authors. With the H.E. staining cytoplasmatic inclusions were found in the fibroblasts. For the first time the presence of cellular synctitiums in the entity is described. Many of these synctitiums contain inclusion bodies. This inclusion observed with electron microscope was constituted by a considerable amount of filaments condensing in the center and the well developed stages occupying most of the cyloplasm. No viral particles were found. The accumulation of filaments in the fibroblast causes a degenerative final stage of the cells. The possibility whether this inclusion represents an accumulation of the synthetised fibers by the fibroblast or a conglomerate is not determined by this study. An extensive review of the literature on this subject is made by the authors. PMID- 1240566 TI - [Goltz syndrome. Focal dermal hypoplasia with polyoysplasia]. AB - The focal dermal hypoplasia is a neuroectodermal syndrome involving the epidermis and dermis, giving rise to characteristic lesions and associated visceral lesions of different organs (eye, ear, central nervous system and bones). The radiological and histological data are very demonstrative. The author presents three observations of this disease and in the article a review of the literature is made. PMID- 1240565 TI - [Venereal granuloma. Its clinical manifestation in the genitals and other parts of the body]. AB - Ten patients with granuloma inguinale (venereum), were studied and treated in the "Institute of Dermatology" of Guatemala city, and the high incidence of this venereal desease is noted by the author. Also, there is the detailed description of two cases which were complicated with dissemination of the granuloma inguinate to distant organs of the body; one shows knee joint lesions and the other the invasion of the lungs. 9 cases were successfully treated with a semisynthetic Tetracycline drug alone and one patient, received the combined treatment of Tetracycline and Streptomycine, with spectacularly good results. PMID- 1240567 TI - [Dermatoses caused by atypical mycobacteria]. AB - The authors discuss the main characteristics which enable a differential diagnosis to be made between the dermatoses due to atypical mycobacteria. Persistent bacteriological and epidemiologic studies are likely to result in a solution to the challenging problem presented by the conditions under consideration. PMID- 1240568 TI - [Sclerodermoid porphyria cutanea tarda associated with cataract]. AB - Two cases of Porphyria cutanea tarda with sclerodermoid changes associated with cataracta are studied. Far from being considered as an authentic scleroderma, the sclerodermoid aspect, very common in patients with Porphyria cutanea tarda, seems to represent one among the many residual alterations of the precocious cutaneous senescence, peculiar to these individuals hypersensitive to luminic radiations. The first patient had familial cases of cataracta. The second had no familial occurrence of it. The association of cataracta and Porphyria cutanea tarda, for the first time mentioned in the literature, would be one complication to be added to this very polymorphous syndrome. PMID- 1240569 TI - [Cutaneous neuroma]. AB - A case of cutaneous neuroma is presented. This rare type of tumor is described in its clinical and pathological aspects. The differential diagnosis with other painful tumors of the skin is discussed. PMID- 1240570 TI - [Tissue immunology in psoriasis. I. Changes in the immunologic mechanism caused by methotrexate]. AB - To evaluate the posibility of detecting immunological alterations in psoriasics after MTX's treatment, lymphocyte culture was used, following Nowell's techniqe with slight modifications. There were no significant differences in blastic response between psoriasic patients and normals. Important variations were not observed in blastogenesis, after three and six weeks of MTX'S treatment, in the group of patients without previous medication. Another group of patients, selected for their therapeutic resistence to the drug employed, was also studied. There were no significant differences between the group sensitive to medication and the control. The values obtained suffered no modification, when treatment was continued, in similar doses, at three and six weeks of starting it. Finally, no alterations were found in the blastic response of those patients who had complete remission of psoriasis, after having been under MTX at least, six months before our work began. PMID- 1240571 TI - [Cheilitis caused by photosensitization]. AB - Many clinical entities show manifestations in the lips and sometimes such localization is eminent. In the photodermatosis there are different degrees of compromise of the lips. In the Polimorphus Light Eruption the cheilitis is a very common feature in the tropics and sometimes is the only manifestation of the disease for some time, or is accompanied by scant elements in the face and forearms. It is necessary to distinguish between chronic Antinic Cheilitis and the Eczematous cheilitis produced by the photosensitizing action of very well known substances contained in lip-sticks. The exfoliative cheilitis sometimes is found in atopic patients or patients with emotional disturbances. The Cheilitis present in patients with actinic chronic dermatitis are able to transform in Epithelioms. PMID- 1240572 TI - [Lipids of Aureobasidium (Pullularia) pullulans]. AB - Fractional composition of free and bound lipids was studied in Aureobasidium (Pullularia) pullulans 8 by preparative TLC on Silufol. Bound lipids contained a fraction (27.76 +/- 0.5%) of dark brown colour, similar to melanin. The composition of fatty acids was studied by GLC. The following fatty acids were identified and determined quantitatively: C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1+C15:2. The following fatty acids predominated in free and bound lipids: C16:0, C18:1+C18:2. The ratio between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in all fractions of free and bound lipids was more than unity. The following parameters were determined for lipids; ester number (173.89 and 178.53); iodine number (44.1 and 33.10), and saponification number (181.17 and 206.03) (the values are given for free and bound lipids, respectively). PMID- 1240573 TI - [Localization of lipase in Candida utilis]. PMID- 1240574 TI - [Generation time of pure cultures of heterotrophic microorganisms isolated from Lake Baikal]. AB - Generation time was determined in pure cultures of heterotrophic microorganisms in the conditions similar to those of Baikal in June--July of 1972. Generation time was found to be 37+/-7, 16+/-2.5, 16+/-3.2, and 10+/-2.5 hours, respectively, when the cultures had been diluted with Baikal water in the following rations: 1 : 0,1 : 5,1 : 10, and 1 : 20. No differences in the growth rate were found among 11 cultures of heterotrophic microorganisms isolated from Baikal. Conditions limiting the microbial growth improve from the dilution of 1 : 0 to the dilution of 1 : 5. The mean time of generation is 27 hours for June- July. Generation time determined for pure cultures of heterotrophic microorganisms in the conditions similar to natural can be used to calculate production of the bacterial biomass for a definite period of the year. PMID- 1240576 TI - [Autoradiographic studies of early stages of influenza virus interaction with cells treated with a mutagenic agent]. PMID- 1240575 TI - [Lecithinase activity of various yeast strains]. AB - The activity of lecithinase was studied among 50 yeast strains belonging to the genera Rhodotorula Harrison, Cryptococcus Kutz, and Lipomyces Lodder et Kreger van Rij. The maximum activity of lecithinase is typical of epiphyte yeast strains belonging to the genus Rhodotorula and is not manifested by species of the henus Lipomyces which inhabit soil. Strains of the genus Cryptococcus cannot be distinctly differentiated into soil and epiphyte cultures, and occupy an intermediate position by the activity of lecithinase. PMID- 1240577 TI - [Growth of mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer in pure culture]. PMID- 1240578 TI - [Fungus diseases of sugar beet leaf and root aphids]. PMID- 1240579 TI - [Adsorption properties of staphylococci with respect to influenza virus]. PMID- 1240580 TI - [New and rare species of fungi for the USSR's mycoflora]. PMID- 1240581 TI - [Effect of various xylans on the biosynthesis of xylanases of Fusarium moniliforme and Trichoderma koningii]. PMID- 1240583 TI - Editorial: The declaration of Tokyo: no truck with torture. PMID- 1240582 TI - Erysipelothrix endocarditis. AB - This communication describes the second reported Australian case of erysipelothrix endocarditis; after treatment with penicillin, the patient survived. It also gives up-to-date summary and brief discussion of the literature. PMID- 1240584 TI - Stress in hospitals. The married intern: vintage 1973. AB - Forty-five married interns and their spouses were interviewed about the stresses the intern's profession placed upon the marriage. Long hf hospitality to interns' wives in the hospital were seen as stresses which could be considerably eased by appropriate administrative action. PMID- 1240585 TI - Stress in hospital personnel. AB - Stress levels vary both with the stressful situation and the person's ability to cope. We compared stress levels of nurses, hospital administrators and public service administrators. The highest stress levels occurred in the interns and nurses. The highly stressful situations are analysed and some remedies are suggested. PMID- 1240586 TI - Violence and its effects on the community. PMID- 1240587 TI - [Effect of Nippostrongylus braziliensis on biochemical processes in rats]. PMID- 1240588 TI - Parasexual genetic analysis of aggregation-deficient mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - One hundred and thirty-nine independent, nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants blocked early in development were isolated in two haploid strains of D. discoideum. Forty of these developmental mutants were completely aggregation-deficient on bacterial lawns (Class I mutants) and these mutants were selected for parasexual genetic analysis. By fusing the Class I mutants with developmentally-competent strains the developmental mutations in 39 of these mutants were shown to be recessive; the remaining mutation appeared to be partially dominant. Complementation analysis of the developmental mutations in the Class I strains identified 5 complementation groups. Statistical analysis of the complementation data suggests that there are approximately 40 genes in this organism which will completely block aggregation when mutated and perhaps as many as 150 genes involved in some aspect of the aggregation process. Linkage analysis of 18 Class I developmental mutations revealed that 10 of these mutations map in linkage group II at a minimum of 5 loci. PMID- 1240589 TI - Probable synchronous replication of mitochondrial DNA in cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts were synchronized using a procedure previously described. The profile of incorporation of tritiated thymidine showed a main peak of nuclear DNA replication followed by a small peak between 18 and 24 hr after induction of the cell division, and representing 10 to 25% of the main peak. To identify this small peak, cells were treated with ethidium bromide(EB) chloramphenicol (CAP) or 9-B-D arabinofuranosyl adenine (Ara-A). When EB (1 mug ml-1) and CAP(25mug ml-1) were added at time of induction of mitosis (T0) or 14 hr later (T14) the small peak was suppressed whereas the main peak was not decreased. On the contrary, only the main peak was suppressed when Ara-A was added at T0 or T14. These results suggest that the peak might correspond to the synchronous replication of the mitochondrial DNA during the G2 and M phases of the cell division cycle. PMID- 1240590 TI - [Modification of the high frequency of reversion of the nicotonic-2 mutant of Coprinus radiatus. II. Polymorphism of strains with low frequencies of reversion (author's transl)]. AB - The nic2 mutation of Coprinus radiatus is unstable at meiosis. Strains derived from the initial mutant can be divided intto two classes: the "neutral genomes" which all revert at meiosis with different frequencies but in an autonomous way; and the "aggressive genomes", which inhibit the reversion of neutral genomes, present a large polymorphism in their own reversion and lose their aggressiveness at meiosis, becoming neutral genomes. The characteristics and the relationships of these two strains are presented in this paper. PMID- 1240591 TI - A comparison of the 8-azaguanine and ouabain-resistance systems for the selection of induced mutant Chinese hamster cells. AB - The forward mutation selection system based on resistance to 8-azaguanine has been widely used with cells cultured from a diversity of species and with a variety of mutagens. Ouabain resistance is an alternative selective system. Both systems show a substantial influence of expression time on the number of resistant variants observed after addition of the selective agent such that the frequency reaches a maximum which is dose dependent, and then declines rapidly. Metabolic cooperation has been propsed as the mechanism responsible for this decline with the 8-azaguanine system, but it is less likely to account for the loss of ouabain-resistant variants where it is necessary to invoke generalised effects on the viability of variants due to overcrowding on the plates. A comparison of the two selective systems showed that, with the exception of gamma irradiation, which was apparently non-mutagenic in the ouabain system, there was broad agreement between the two systems for each mutagen tested. Ethyl methanesulphonate was the most efficient mutagen by a substantial factor. Ouabain resistance permitted greater discrimination particularly between weak mutagens because of the low frequency of spontaneous variants (4 x 10(-7) and also produced data with less intrinsic variability. The absence of gamma ray induced mutation in the ouabain system shows that it may fail to detect certain types of mutagens. Thus the two systems should be used to complement each other. Mutation by the fungicide captan was evaluated using both systems and the positive results indicate that it may pose a hazard to man. PMID- 1240592 TI - Post-replication repair of DNA in Chinese hamster cells treated with cis platinum (II) diamine dichloride. Enhancement of toxicity and chromosome damage by caffeine. AB - The anti-tumor agent cis platinum (II) diammine dichloride (cis Pt(II)) caused chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster V79-379A cells. The time of appearance of these abnormalities suggested that they arise as a consequence of DNA synthesis on a damaged template. The yield and severity of chromosomal abnormalities was greatly enhanced by a non-toxic concentration of caffeine, and this enhancement was associated with a potentiation of cis Pt(II) induced cell death. These results suggest that damage to DNA which arises from cis Pt(II) treatment can be repaired in this cell line by a caffeine-sensitive post replication repair process. PMID- 1240593 TI - Isolation and characterization of variant clones of Chinese hamster cells after treatment with irradiated 5-iodouridine. AB - Variant clones were isolated from cultured Chinese hamster Don cells after treatment with irradiated 5-iodouridine. The following characters of a primary variant clone, C-11 and a secondary variant clone, C-24 were compared with those of the original clone C-1: colony-forming activity, growth rate in the presence of irradiated and unirradiated 5-iodouridine, distribution of chromosome numbers and cell cohesion. The variant clones C-11 and C-24 were partially resistant to unirradiated 5-iodouridine at lower concentration and C-24 cells were slightly resistant to short-term treatment with irradiated 5-iodouridine. Unlike clines C 1 and C-11 the variant clone C-24 showed no lag phase on growth in 5-iodouridine medium. The modal numbers of the chromosomes of all three clones were 22, like that of normal Chinese hamster diploid cells. Of the three clones, the variant C 24 cells showed the least mutual cohesion and the original C-1 cells showed the most. The possibility that an alteration in cellular membrane might be related to an increase in the resistance to radiosensitizing agents are discussed. PMID- 1240594 TI - Radiation-induced numerical aberrations in wild type Drosophila females. PMID- 1240595 TI - Parenthesome fine structure in Pleurotus cystidiosus and Schizophyllum commune. PMID- 1240596 TI - Identity and cultivation of a new commercial mushroom in Taiwan. PMID- 1240597 TI - [Adiaspiromycosis of the polecats]. PMID- 1240598 TI - [Torulopsis glabrata--its incidence in Finnish patients, especially in the respiratory tract]. PMID- 1240599 TI - Sensitivity of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis to some antimicrobial agents. AB - Sensitivity tests were done against two isolates of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, using amphotericin B in combination with chloramphenicol, Chloramphenicol alone, amphotericin B in combination with 5-fluorocytosine, and 5-fluorocytosine, myxin and clotrimazole alone. Results indicated that the effectiveness of amphotericin B was improved in the presence of chlormaphenicol or 5-fluorocytosine. Growth inhibitory values recorded for chloramphenicol alone and combined with amphotericin B did not show much variation. Resistance of the fungus has been noticed to 5-fluorocytosine; but the organism's response was much better when tested against 5-fluorocytosine in the presence of amphotericin B. Both myxin and clotrimazole proved very effective and their ED50 was 50 and 2.5 mug/ml of the medium, respectively. Thus, clotrimazole may be the drug of choice in the cases of deep scopulariopsis. PMID- 1240600 TI - Differential expression of RNAse activities in the life cycle of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 1240601 TI - Potential antilipolytic activity of suloctidil. PMID- 1240602 TI - [Endometriosis of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 1240604 TI - Different inhibitory effect of nitrogen mustard (HN2) and TS-160 (HN3) on choline transport in L 5178Y lymphoblasts. AB - The inhibitory effect of the alkylating agents nitrogen mustard (HN2) and TS-160 (HN3) on the choline transport in L 5178Y lymphoblasts was studied. The two alkylating agents differed in the degree and in the nature of the inhibition of the process examined. Competitive inhibition of choline transport by HN2 was confirmed, whereas the noncompetitive inhibition by the less efficient inhibitor HN3 has been found. The results achieved indicate that in spite of the structural similarity between HN2 and HN3 only the former is transported into L 5178Y lymphoblasts by the choline transport carrier. PMID- 1240605 TI - [Editorial: Between logos and ergon]. PMID- 1240603 TI - [Experience with the Dalkon shield]. PMID- 1240606 TI - [Diagnostic value of isocount scanning in cerebrovascular diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In the previous report the theoretical background and technical details of the isocount scanning were described. Based on clinical experiences of various brain diseases, the newly developed scanning method was confirmed to be more useful than the conventional scintiscanning. Besides the new scanning method, a new display system was also developed for the sake of more precise analysis of the isocount scanned data. This display method is called multilevel analysis or multilevel slicing of the scanned data. In the present investigation, this method was applied to thirty-two cases of cerebrovascular diseases, including seven cases of cerebral arterio-venous malformation, four cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and twenty-one cases of cerebral infarction, positive rates being 86%, 100% and 90% respectively. In case of arterio-venous malformation, minimum size detected by the isocount method was 2 cm in diameter. To twenty one cases of the cerebral infarction, total thirty two scanning examinations were performed, including postictal follow up studies. It is often said that it is two or three weeks after the ictus when the infarcted cerebral lesion is most clearly detectable by the scintigraphic procedures, presumably due to focal neovascularizations which may occur in the lesion most prominently at this postictal stage. Contradicted to the current concept, our experiences show that abnormal dot accumulations are recognized in the scintigrams even at the earlier stage, thus among five cases of cerebral infarction scanned within a week after the ictus positive figures were obtained in four cases, two of which were examined within two days after the ictus. Focal breakdown of blood brain barrier at the acute stage is considered to be responsible for the early positivity in cerebral infarctions. In eight cases among twenty one cerebral infarctions angiographies failed to demonstrate the vessel occluded. The isocount scanning method, however, succeeded in getting positive results in seven of the eight cases. It will be emphasized that the isocount scanning is a preferable diagnostic procedure in the cerebrovascular diseases, especially when the angiography is hesitated to be performed because of the patient severely affected. PMID- 1240607 TI - [Neuroradiologic diagnosis of trigeminal neurinoma originating from the gasserian ganglion (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of trigeminal neurinoma originating from the Gasserian ganglion were reported. The findings observed on plain roentgenograms, cerebral angiograms and pneumoencephalograms were described in detail. Neuroradiologic examinations used routinely our department for the diagnosis of the skull base tumors were as follows; (1) plain skull examinations, including lateral, straight posterior anterior, anterior-posterior half axial (Towne), axial, Stenvers, optic canal as well as tomograms in frontal, sagittal and axial projections; (2) angiographies by transfemoral catheter technique including selective internal carotid, external carotid and vertebral angiograms, and orbital-cavernous sinus venography via frontal and femoral veins; (3) pneumoencephalography with tomography. Bone destruction of the middle fossa including foramen ovale, foraman spinosum and lateral aspect of the sella was seen in all cases. Superior orbital fissure, optic canal and anterior surface of the petrous bone were also eroded depending upon the extent of tumors. Sharply circumscribed erosion of the petrous apex was seen in one of 3 cases, indicating the tumor extention into the posterior fossa. A soft tissue mass in the sphenoid sinus and ethmoidal air cells was recognized in all cases. Selective internal and external carotid angiograms demonstrated tumor vessels in 2 of 3 cases. Orbital-cavernous sinus venography was helpful for the interpretation of the lesion extending to the cavernous sinus and its neighboring structures. Conventional gas encephalography showed elevation of the temporal horn, and the concave arch formed by the supracornual cleft and lateral cleft was directed basally and medially in all of the cases. Tomography was also useful in the more detailed analysis of temporal horn. It should be stressed that the plain skull features are most important for deciding which contrast examination should be performed further. PMID- 1240608 TI - [Osteochondroma of the high cervical spine--a case report (author's transl)]. AB - Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign bone tumors, but it is rare in the spine. A woman aged 54 was admitted for investigation of left nuchal pain with radiation to the occipital region for one and a half years duration. Physical and neurological examinations revealed no objective abnormalities. The cervical spine film showed the presence of a calcified mass in the left articulation between atlas and axis. Myelogram outlined a left sided filling defect at the level of a calcified mass. The tumor was totally removed using operating microscope technique through transcervical approach. This calcified mass was confirmed as the benign osteochondroma by histological examination. The patient became completely symptom-free after the operation. PMID- 1240609 TI - [Editorial: Neurosurgery with excessive emphasis on the skills]. PMID- 1240610 TI - [A new method of autotomography in cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Acompanied with the recent advances of various techniques of cerebral angiography, the angio-tomography is now going to be recognized as one the significant techniques. But, this angio-tomography requires a special work place with tomographic equipment. Thus the applicability of the method is now limited as far as the routine use is concerned. So, the technique of autotomography is often tried as a convenient substitute for the angiotomography, because this technique is very simple and does not need any special facilities. But, as the autotomography is only possible to take the midline tomogram, it's application is strictly limited. So, we have invented a new method of the autotomography using a simple device. This device is constituted of two portions; one is a plate of rotation, and the other is a box to fasten a patient's head. By sliding the box on the plate, it is possible to move the rotatory axis to the aimed portion of the head. In this way, it is possible to take an arbitrary tomographic plane. As our device is simple and it's use is very easy, this method of the autotomography is possible to apply in a routine examination. This report describes the principle and the method of the use of our new device and demonstrates several films taken by this method. PMID- 1240611 TI - [Junctional dilatation of the posterior communicating artery (author's transl)]. AB - Junctional dilatation of the posterior communicating artery was investigated on 1,286 carotid angiograms, which were displayed to 750 patients for recent five years in our department, and the following results were obtained. 1) Incidence; The junctional dilatation was seen on 96 out of 750 cases (12.8%), whereas on angiograms, this was 105 times out of 1,286 angiograms. A difference in ratio of appearance between men and women was not statistically significant. 2) Comparison between the left and right side; 58 cases of junctional dilatation was seen out of 633 cases (9.2%) on the left side, and 47 out of 653 cases (7.2%) on the right side respectively. Bilataral junctional dilatations were seen only 9 out of 536 cases. There was no difference in appearance of the junctional dilatation on either side. 3) Relationship to age; There was a very few cases of junctional dilatation under the age of 20, while it rapidly increased in 3 to 4 decades. The incidence of junctional dilatation was seen in 32 out of 329 patients (9.7%) under 40 years of age, which was 6.7% of angiograms, on the other hand the incidence increased to 15.2% (64/421) over 40 years of age, which was 9.3% of angiograms (p less than 0.05). 4) The incidence of visualization of posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery relation to junctional dilatation. We divided cases into the following 3 groups. (a) Type I: Visualization of partial or whole length of the posterior communicating artery (76.2%). (b) Type II: Visualization of the proximal portion of the posterior cerebral artery (18.1%). (c) Type III: Visualization of whole length of the posterior cerebral artery (5.7%). 5) Shape and size of junctional dilatation: The shape of dilatation could be divided into a funnel shape and a round shape. The funnel shape was seen in 32 cases (30.5%) and the round shape was seen in 73 cases (69.5%). Also the most of cases was larger than 2 mm in diameter. PMID- 1240612 TI - [Subcutaneous preservation of free skull bone flap taken out in decompressive craniectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The best material for cranioplasty of large skull bone defect as a result of decompressive surgery is a patient's own bone flap, since it fits exactly where it was and no recipient's reactions are elicited. Ideally the bone flap should be alive. However, there have been no effective ways to keep a bone flap alive. We have attempted to preserve a free bone flap in a sterile and living state by keeping it subcutaneously in the thigh. The reasons we choose this site for temporary implantation are as follows: 1) Sufficient space can be easily made to accommodate a bone flap. 2) Curvature of a bone flap fits that of a thigh without difficulties and extreme protrusions caused by implanted bone flap can be avoided. 3) The site of storage is well away from the operative field and independent from each other. 4) It is possible to get the fascia lata through the same skin incision for a large dural patch when needed. When the bone flap is too large to be comfortably accommodated and causes significant stretching and protrusions of the covering skin at the bone edge, it is simply divided into two pieces and these are implanted in the same place. PMID- 1240613 TI - [Clinical evaluation of brain scintigrams for basal midline lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Brain scintigrams with 8-10 mci of pertechnetate were studied refering to surgical, histological and other neuroradiological findings in 91 cases with diagnosis or suspect of basal midline lesions. Anterior view of 45 cases was stored in high speed magnetic tape, displayed on CRT of our data processing system and studied of the ratio of average count for regions of interest, 2 cm x 2 cm in size, placed on the areas of lesion, the sagittal sinus and the normal brain hemispheres. In 18 pituitary adenomas, excluding acromegaly and other intrasellar lesions, 89% of cases with surgical indication for optic nerve symptoms were reported as abnormal scintigrams. In 20 craniopharyngiomas, 11 positive cases consisted mainly of solid, recurrent or thick cystic tumors. Five of 6 ectopic pinealomas and all 6 parasellar or medial sphenoidal ridge meningiomas showed positive uptake. Average counts of the regions of interest placed on tumor areas were 169.4% of normal hemispheric areas in 9 pituitary adenomas, 192.5% in 3 solid craniopharyngiomas, 192.3% in 6 meningiomas and 193.3% in ectopic pinealomas. The difference in the average ratio of the lesion count to the normal hemispheric count was statistically significant between cystic craniopharyngioma and adenoma, ectopic pinealoma, meningioma, glioma and solid craniopharyngioma, and between adenoma and acromegaly with p less than 0.005, and between solid craniopharyngioma and acromegaly, and between glioma and acromegaly with p less than 0.025. In the ratio of the lesion count to the sagittal sinus count, on the other hand, the difference of the average ratio was significant with p less than 0.005, only between cystic craniopharyngioma and ectopic pinealoma, and between cystic and solid craniopharyngioma. These facts suggested that the sagittal sinus count was unsuitable to be the standard count of an anterior scintigram to compare with basal midline count. The routine Polaroid scintigram with Tc99m pertechnetate proved their useful clinical diagnostic value for various basal midline lesions, the size of which indicated the surgical procedures. The digital analysis of anterior scintigrams supported the clinical value of the routine brain scintigram in the detection of these lesions. The ratio of the average count of the basal midline lesion to the normal brain area on the anterior scintigram presents more useful clinical information than the ratio of the lesion to the sagittal sinus count. Brain scintigram is found to be very helpful for the differential diagnosis between solid and cystic sellar tumors which is very important for the decision of surgical indications, and is not always possible by any other conventional neuroradiological procedures. PMID- 1240614 TI - [The experimental study of the cerebral vasospasm--the micro-circulation on the hypothalamus and the brain stem (author's transl)]. AB - The correlation between the cerebral vasospasm and the micro-circulation in the hypothalamus and brainstem was observed histologically and electronmicroscopically using the colloidal carbon infusion method through the right vertebral artery of dogs. The posterior communicating artery of the dog was ruptured with a fine needle, which resulted in subarachnoid hemorrhage. The colloidall infusion was done at 30 min., 48 hours, 1 week and 4 weeks after the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results 1) The cerebral vasospasm was confirmed by vertebral angiography on all cases with 30 min., 48 hours, and 1 week after the subarachnoid hemorrhage., In 1 case out of 5 with 4 weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm was also observed. 2) In the period of early spasm, ischemic changes were observed in the anterior-hypothalamus especially in periventricular area of the 3rd ventricle, and supraoptic nucleus. 3) In the period of late spasm, the ischemic changes in the hypothalamus became more conspicous, and these changes propagated into the tectal region of the midbrain and the central gray substance of the aqueduct. 4) In cases of 4 weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage the ischemic change similar to cases listed in 3) was observed in 1 case whose angiography showed vasospasm. Another 4 cases showed no ischemic lesion at all. 5) Electron microscopic study showed the vasogenic edema in the hypothalamus in the case with cerebral vasospasm. There might be the possibility that vasomoter mechanism in the hypothalamus and brainstem would be involved with the vasogenic edema produced by cerebral vasospasm, which in turn would give a bad influence upon the spasmogenic vessels. PMID- 1240615 TI - [Ventricular enlargement in experimental occlusion of superior sagittal sinus--in reference to histopathological findings (author's transl)]. AB - An experimental occlusion of superior sagittal sinus was made in dogs according to ligation with thread at the posterior third portion of the sinus. Ventricular enlargement and histological changes in the cerebrum were studied in various stage after occulusion of the sinus. In the acute stage, no ventricular enlargement occured. However, in the chronic stage, nine dogs out of 12 dogs showed enlargement of the ventricle. Hitological examination revealed peeled ependymal layer from subependymal tissue, edematous findings in the periventricular tissue, perivascular gliofibrosis, perivascular hemorrhage, exanguination of plasm, and venous stasis in the ventricular wall and cerebral cortex in convexity. Extracellular space in the subependymal tissue, and the space between pial and glial membrane were widened remarkably. Two factors were raised by authors as the pathogenesis for ventricular enlargement. One factor was the hydrodynamic disturbance of CSF according to the CSF malabsorption into the superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid villi. The other one was the disturbance of venous circulation due to occlusion of the sinus. PMID- 1240616 TI - Influence of septal nuclei on basal pituitary-adrenocortical function in birds. AB - Septal influences on resting adrenocortical activity were tested in the pigeon by electrical stimulation or electrolytic lesions located in either the medical or the lateral septum. Stimulation of the medial septal area in unanesthetized unrestrained pigeons with chronic implants led to a marked decrease in plasma corticosterone. Stimulation of the lateral septal area was not effective in promoting any corticosterone variation. Lesion placement in the nucleus septalis lateralis resulted in a moderate increase in basal corticosteronemia. The elevation in circulating corticosterone was much higher after destruction of the n. septalis medialis and high values were found at every time during the day. Suppression of the diurnal variation in plasma corticosterone with such a high stable level was compared to previous data which were obtained in pigeons after hippocampectomy and after partial anterior or complete deafferentation of the hypothalamus. PMID- 1240618 TI - [Distant changes of eye tissues after laser (ruby) coagulation of the retina]. PMID- 1240617 TI - Role of brain monoamines in release of gonadotropin before proestrus in the cyclic rat. AB - To determine whether brain monoaminergic neurons are involved in the release of gonadotropins responsible for estrogen increases before proestrus, various inhibitors and precursors of monoamine biosynthesis were administered subcutaneously or intracranially to the 3rd ventricle at 10.00 or 20.00 on the day before proestrus, the 2nd day of diestrus (DII) in 4-day cycling rats. The inhibitors used were alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT) and bis-(4-methyl-1 homopiperazinyl-thiocarbonyl)-disulfide (FLA-63). The effects of these drugs on changes in vaginal cytology, ovulation, uterine weight of uterine intraluminal fluid, and on serum concentrations of LH and FSH were evaluated in selected experiments. (1) Administration of alpha-MPT (150 mg/kg s.c.), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, at 10.00 on DII reduced weights of uterus and intraluminal fluid on the day of expected proestrus (P), prevented vaginal cornification on estrus (E), blocked ovulation in all 10 rats, and induced prolonged diestrus. (2) Administration of FLA-63 (10 mg/kg s.c.), an inhibitor of dopamine-beta hydroxylase, at 10.00 on DII reduced weights of uterus and intraluminal fluid on P, blocked ovulation for a few days but did not prevent vaginal cornification at the expected time of E. (3) Administration of alpha-MPT (200 mg/kg) or FLA-63 (15 mg/kg) at 20.00 on DII blocked ovulation in all of 8 and 7 rats, respectively, but these treatments did not block vaginal cornification at the expected time in any animal. (4) Administration of L-DOPA (100 mg/kg) or dihydroxy-phenylserine (DOPS, 200 mg/kg) with alpha-MPT (200 mg/kg) at 20.00 on DII reversed the blocking effect of alpha-MPT on ovulation in 3 out of 6 and 3 out of 5 rats, respectively. (5) Direct application of crystalline alpha-MPT or FLA-63 (about 3 5 mug) to the 3rd ventricle at 20.00 on DII also blocked ovulation in all of 7 and 5 rats, respectively. (6) Both systemic and intraventricular injections of alpha-MPT at 10.00 on DII reduced serum LH on P but not serum FSH. FLA-63 by intraventricular injection also reduced serum LH but not serum FSH. (7) Injection of 17beta-estradiol (40 mug s.c.) with alpha-MPT or FLA-63 partially removed the ovulatory blockade induced by conditions 1, 2, 3 and 5. Therefore, norepinephrine seems to be an important neurotransmitter in the release of gonadotropin responsible for estrogen secretion before P, but dopamine may also be involved during its early stage as represented by 10.00 on DII. PMID- 1240620 TI - [A new means of cultivating insect tissues in a diffusion chamber]. PMID- 1240621 TI - [Constitutive proteins of the oocytes and early embryos of rats]. AB - 5 protein fractions were identified and their relative mobility was determined in the rat oocytes and cleaving embryos by means of vertical capillary microdisc electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrilamide gel (PAA-gel). The same fractions were identified in the cleaving embryos devoid of zona pellucida. A conclusion was drawn that these proteins were present in the oocyte cytoplasm and kept in the cleaving embryos until the stage of implantation. 4 groups of proteins with different anodic mobility were identified in the isolated zona pellucida by means of microdisc-electrophoresis in 7.5% PAA-gel added with 1% sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The molecular weight of low molecular weight proteins of oocytes and preimplantation embryos was determined by means of disc-electrophoresis in 14% PAA-gel with 1% SDS. The zona pellucida of one embryo contained, according to the data of capillary spectrophotometry, 5 ng of protein. PMID- 1240622 TI - [In-vitro studies on the kinetics of bone-marrow erythropoesis during the first trimester of life (Trimenonreduction)]. AB - This study tries to give further insight into the mechanism and location of the physiological reduction of the bone marrow erythropoiesis during the first trimester (Trimenonreduction). Methods utilized included red blood values, bone marrow morphology, 3H-Thymidine Autoradiography, Feulgen-cytophotometry and 3H-, 14C-Thymidine double labelling techniques of bone marrow erythroblasts of healthy children of different age groups. Besides already known techniques we used especially a modification of the double labelling techniques, developed in our laboratories. We draw the following conclusions from our results: 1. Newborns have a higher rate of bone marrow erythropoiesis in comparison with normal controls of other ages. The reduction of the bone marrow erythropoiesis starts already in the first 2 days of life. 2. The reduction of the bone marrow erythropoiesis in the investigated infants in the second week of life was about to one fifth of values which proved to be normal for healthy older children. 3. This reduction is caused partially by prolongation of proliferation and maturation phases of erythroblasts, partially by a decrease of new erythroblast formation from the stem cell pool. Medium values of DNA-synthesistime of infants with the highest reduction is double compared with values of healthy controls in vitro. 4. The decrease of cell proliferation and maturation during the reduction of the bone-marrow erythropoiesis includes all precursors and all phases of the cell cycle equally. In the first few days of life however it seems that the decrease of DNA synthesizing erythroblasts surpasses the reduction of maturing cells. 5. An ineffectiveness of erythropoiesis could not be found responsible for the reduction. 6. The reduction in erythropoiesis is seen in those steps in which other autors found stimulations by erythropoietin. Therefore this study supports the thesis, that the trimenonreduction is caused by a lack of erythropoietin stimulation. 7. The sequence of the trimenon reduction in humans is different from results found in animals. PMID- 1240623 TI - Contingency awareness in premature infants. AB - Infants of low birthweight were placed in an artificial contingency situation in which leg movement produced movement of an overhead mobile. When compared with 5 non-contingent controls, these 5 infants showed an increase in frequency of kicks and in the amount of time spent focusing on the mobile. PMID- 1240624 TI - Arousal and activity level of rats with lesions in the dorsal hippocampus. AB - The effect on gross locomotor activity of irrelevant stimuli, prior exposure to these stimuli and two dosages of amphetamine were assessed on rats with lesions in the dorsal hippocampus. These animals were significantly more active post operatively than sham-lesioned subjects. Prior exposure to the irrelevant stimuli increased post-operative differentiation between stimuli, whereas the introduction of amphetamine had the reverse effect. Changes in locomotor activity occurred at lower dosages of amphetamine than in previous studies, suggesting that the irrelevant stimuli have an arousal effect which acts additively with amphetamine and hippocampal impairment. PMID- 1240625 TI - Field dependence in relation to alcohol consumption: a co-twin control study. AB - 20 male, alcohol-discordant twin pairs, aged 45 to 65 yr. were compared for field dependent cognitive style and general intelligence by means of one-sample t and multivariate Td2-tests. The high alcohol group was more field-dependent (p less than .01) than the low alcohol group, mainly because of poorer scores on the Embedded-figures Test. When general intelligence was controlled for, the amount of embedded-figures variance accounted for by consumption of alcohol dropped considerably. PMID- 1240626 TI - [5 year assessment of the 1st valved tube heterograft inserted in a human]. PMID- 1240627 TI - [Influence of tobacco on hormones essential to glycoregulation]. PMID- 1240628 TI - The effects of hyperosmolal coronary perfusion on the haemodynamic, metabolic and ultrastructural changes of myocardial anoxia. PMID- 1240629 TI - The possibility of dietary protective factors in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1240631 TI - [Diagnosis and clinical importance of pyuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240630 TI - The diagnostic problem of multiple intracranial tumours--case report of a pituitary chromophobe adenoma and cerebellar haemangioblastoma. PMID- 1240633 TI - Editorial: PSRO liability. PMID- 1240634 TI - Miller-Fisher polyneuritis. PMID- 1240632 TI - [Clinical investigation of aescin ampoules in case of post-operative and post traumatic edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240635 TI - Inter-group aggression in mice: a new method for testing the effects of centrally active drugs. AB - A new method is described with which the effects of drugs on aggressive behaviour can be compared with their effects on general activity. Two groups of 3 male mice are housed in either half of a macrolon living cage which is divided down the middle by a non-transparent barrier. After 21 days the cage is placed on an activity meter and the dividing wall is removed. The ensuing fighting is scored by an observer and at the same time activity is measured using the activity meter. It was shown that aggression occurred mainly between groups with the dominant members doing most of the fighting. It appeared further that the two parameters measured--aggression and motor activity--respond differentially to the effects of standard psychotropic drugs. By this means it was possible to distinguish between the effects of chlorpromazine, pentobarbitone, chlordiazepoxide and d-amphetamine. In addition it was possible to confirm that an experimental compound, YG 19-256, which in other tests has been shown to inhibit aggressive behaviour without causing general sedation, also has selective anti-aggressive effects in this test. From these results it seems that the intergroup aggression test could well be useful in identifying different classes of psychotropic agents. PMID- 1240636 TI - The effect of long-term penfluridol treatment on the sensitivity of the dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens and in the corpus striatum. AB - The effect of local application of dopamine to the nucleus accumbens or corpus striatum on locomotor activity was studied in rats 4 days after withdrawal from a 6 weeks term of penfluridol medication. The bilateral application of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens of penfluridol-treated rats produced a very marked increase in coordinated locomotor activity which was 3-5 times higher than that of rats not treated with penfluridol. This effect of dopamine in both penfluridol treated and control rats was antagonized by intraperitoneally administered haloperidol. The bilateral application of dopamine into the corpus striatum of penfluridol-treated animals produced a marked stereotyped behavioural syndrome in all rats studied, whereas no signs of stereotyped behaviour were observed in any of the rats not treated with penfluridol. The results indicate that long-term treatment of rats with the dopamine receptor blocking agent penfluridol produces an increase in the sensitivity of the dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens and corpus striatum and that the nucleus accumbens may play a role in locomotor activity. PMID- 1240637 TI - Weight loss and shock-elicited aggression as indices of morphine abstinence in rats. AB - Weight loss and shock-elicited aggression have been compared as quantitative indices of morphine abstinence in rats. A range of doses of morphine was administered to rats by i.p. injection twice daily for 12-15 days. After injections were stopped, morphine-abstinent rats lost weight precipitously, and showed an increased frequency of fighting in response to aversive stimulation (foot-shock). Recovery of weight appeared complete after 15-20 days but a significant increase in aggression was found at 18 days post-withdrawal; this virtually disappeared after 52 days. Both the amount of weight lost and the frequency of fighting increased as a function of the previous maintenance dose of morphine; the effective dose range appeared similar for these two indices. Weight loss was much less variable than fighting, had the advantage of rapid, objective measurement, and appeared to be the more reliable index of abstinence. PMID- 1240640 TI - [Mosaic analysis of the lethal genes of Drosophila (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240639 TI - [Principles and results of gynaecological brachytherapy with high dose rates (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240638 TI - Inhibition of circling behavior by neuroleptic drugs in mice with unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the striatum. AB - The development of circling behavior to apomorphine, amphetamine and L-Dopa in mice with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum has been studied, and the effect of a range of neuroleptic and sedative drugs on this circling behaviour has been investigated. Circling induced by all the stimulant drugs was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by haloperidol, pimozide, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide and clozapine (in descending rank order of potency), but not by phenoxybenzamine, diazepam, promethazine and pentobarbitone sodium. This relatively simple animal model appears useful for screening neuroleptic drugs which may block striatal dopamine receptors, thereby predicting their potency to cause unwanted extrapyramidal effects but not their antipsychotic efficacy. PMID- 1240641 TI - [Multiple flash activation of the latent oxygen evolving system accumulated in the leaves greened under intermittent illumination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240642 TI - [Types of interventricular communication in complete dextro-transposition of the great vessels]. PMID- 1240643 TI - [Prevention of arteriosclerosis in children]. PMID- 1240644 TI - [N2 narcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240645 TI - [Regional pulmonary function test with Xe-133 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240646 TI - [Description of diffuse panbronchiolitis--pathological and clinical features (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240648 TI - [The present status of the impedance plethysmography as a method for cardiac output measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240647 TI - [Recent advances in hyperbaric oxygen therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240649 TI - [Impedance cardiography: theory (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240650 TI - [Continuous transcutaneous PO2 measurement in newborn infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240651 TI - [Patent ductus arteriosus with flow reversal (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240652 TI - [Split his bundle potentials in four cases of complete heart block (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240654 TI - [Saving exposure in child-radiology with a new set for children (author's transl)]. AB - Possibilities of saving exposure in child-radiology are discussed: a) strict image intensifier technique. b) low dosage in screening c) low dosage films d) favorable geometric conditions in the set. The most important characteristics of a new radiology set for children are described and some results shown. PMID- 1240653 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy. Report of three cases and problem revision (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240655 TI - Anterior urethropexy according to Lapides in stress urinary incontinence. A follow-up study. AB - Thirty-five women with a mean age of 53 years were investigated for an average of 3 1/2 years after anterior urethropexy according to Lapides (1961). The material was divided into two groups: 23 patients with a history of pure stress urinary incontinence and 12 patients with a mixed stress and urgency incontinence. In the former group, the cure rate was nearly 100%; one patient had a remaining nonembarrassing slight stress incontinence, which could not be classified as pathologic. Another patient had a recurrence 2 years postoperatively at which time she fractured her pelvis in an accident. In the latter group, only 4 patients were cured while another 3 patients improved considerably. The operative procedure did not cause residual urine, since the urethra cannot be compressed as in other retropubic operations. The risk of recurrence is minimized, since continence is not dependent upon non-relaxation of other structures, but upon scar-fixation between the urethra and the periosteum of the pubic bone. PMID- 1240656 TI - The flower children of Sudbury. The story of a street clinic for hippies. AB - In the summer of 1973 an effort was made to provide medical and social services to the hippie or counter culture population of Sudbury. Sudbury is a city of 50,000 people located in Northern Ontario, Canada. Beginning in early 1973 a sizeable hippie group had developed. Because of the numerous medical and social problems exhibited by these people and their expressed unwillingness to seek help from the normal hospital and social agencies a free or street clinic was developed. The clinic was unusual in that it was free, there was no paid staff, it was informal, it was an evening clinic, and medical records were not kept. This article is a detailed description of the clinic, why and how it was organized, the medical and social problems we encountered, the work we were involved in and what we experienced and learned. PMID- 1240657 TI - [The spine and horseback riding]. AB - 115 horseback riders have undergone clinical and radiologic examinations of the spine. A minimum of 10 years' riding was required. Depending on intensity of training and number of riding hours, the subjects were divided into three groups: roughriders, sport riders and hobby riders. It was striking that of the bare half of cases (51) suffering from lower back, only 8 (about 15%) had had medical treatment and actually been disabled. Moreover, 47% of the riders with lower back pain were painfree in the saddle, i.e. when riding. No causal connection was found between riding and a higher incidence of osteochondrosis in some parts of the vertebral column. In roughriders and partly in sports riders an increased stress on the spine due to prolonged intensive training cannot be ruled out if the higher incidence of pathologic X-ray findings and low back pain in this group is taken into consideration. On the other hand, other factors such as deficiencies and hard work in the past may, especially in roughriders with a rural background, also be responsible. A higher incidence of spondylolisthesis than in the normal population was not found. It is important that riders should possess a strong back and gluteal muscular system in order to avoid early painful spinal decompensation, especially in cases with degenerative alteration and static form anomalies of the spinal column. PMID- 1240658 TI - [HL-A B27 associated rheumatic disease]. AB - Report on a HL-A B27 positive female patient with the typical cardiac lesion occasionally found inankylosing spondylitis, peripheral arthritis, and acute anterior uveitis but without clinical or radiological evidence of spine or sacroiliac joint involvement. The concept of "HL-A B27 associated disease", including ankylosing spondylitis as well as Reiter's disease or other forms of seronegative rheumatic diseases, is suggested. PMID- 1240659 TI - [Sulpiride treatment of the withdrawal syndrome in heroin-addicted dogs]. PMID- 1240660 TI - [Antithrombocyte antibodies determination by deykin's and shulman methods in 51 patients with primary or secondary thrombocytopenias (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240661 TI - [Significance of radiologic examinations for the determination of the extent of malignant testicular tumors]. AB - Interpreting 61 cases with malignant tumors of the testicle, the authors comment techniques of diagnostic radiology as well as their reliability. The fundamental importance of a lymphographic examination of both inferior extremities for judgement on the state of aortic lymph nodes is accentuated. In case of need, the examination has to be supplemented by intravenous urography and, more rarely, by cavography. In accordance with the author's observations, the mediastinal lymph nodes may function as a source of lymphogenic pulmonary metastastes; a careful radiological examination of this region, therefore, is not to be neglected. The principles of radiotherapeutic treatment, for elective or curative purposes, based on the results of complex radiological examination, are discussed. PMID- 1240662 TI - Optimization irradiation conditions for determination of LD50 in pigs. AB - Radiation LD50/30 values were determined in 36 twelve-week-old pigs (with a mean body weigth of 21 kg) exposed to whole-body X-ray irradiation on a revolvable table rotated at a rate of 2.5 rpm using the following conditions: 180 kV, 15 mA, focal distance 79 cm, HVT 0.9 mm Cu, dose rate 2.42 X 10(-3) to 2.68 X 10(-3) C kg-1 min-1 (9.4 to 10.4 R/min) depending upon the animal size. The coefficient of mean irradiation uniformity was 1.4. Under these conditions the LD50/30 for pigs was found to be 5.89 X 10(-2) C kg-1 min-1 (228.3 R) with the biological range of effectiveness being 5.22 X 10(-2) to 6.90 X 10-(2) C kg-1 (202.4 to 267.6 R). Furthermore experiments on 77 pigs showed that LD50 determined in this study had actually the median lethal effect. PMID- 1240664 TI - [Vital injuries to the body and the internal organs by dogs]. PMID- 1240663 TI - [Species differentiation of tooth fragments by the microstructure of the enamel]. PMID- 1240665 TI - [Forensic medical differentiation of the ribs of children, dogs and rabbits by an emission spectrographic method]. PMID- 1240666 TI - Calcification of Schistosoma haematobium eggs: relation of radiologically demonstrable calcification to eggs in tissues and passage of eggs in urine. AB - The extent of calcification of the bladder in schistosome infected patients is roughly correlated with the number of calcified schistosome eggs present in the bladder. The focal concentration of eggs in the bladder appears to be one major variable, and we estimate that as few as 100,000 eggs per cm2 might be detected in a clinical radiograph. The excretion of calcified eggs in the urine was related to the activity of the schistosome infection and was unaffected by the presence or extent of bladder calcification. PMID- 1240667 TI - Proceedings: Macrophage-cytophilic antibodies in trypanosome infections in mice. PMID- 1240670 TI - [Public control of the health professions in Quebec]. PMID- 1240669 TI - [Study of phospholipids during embryogenesis of Misgurnus fossilis]. AB - The contents of total lipids and phospholipids were determined in the unfertilized loach eggs and embryos at different stages of development. It is established that after fertilization during the first 48 h of development it remains practically at the same level and the percentage of phospholipids in it for the first 2h after fertilization increases significantly, being relatively constant at the next stages of development. A thin-layer chromatography of phospholipids showed that the ratio of different fractions changed qualitavely and these changes are especially well developed at the stage of organogenesis. PMID- 1240671 TI - [How will the competence of the practitioner be maintained and evaluated?]. PMID- 1240668 TI - [Activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in loach embryos after incubation of zygotes in solutions of bioorganic compounds]. AB - In embryos of loach (Misgurnus fossilis) obtained from zygotes, which were incubated for 30 min in the D,L-aspartate solution the alanine aminotransferase activity is 2-4 times as high as in the control embryos. The most essential influence of this amino acid is found in the gastrula -- from 12 till 18 h after fertilization. The aspartate aminotransferase activity under these conditions does not undergo the essential changes. D,L-alanine and adenine do not affect the activity of the both enzymes during primary stages of development, but adenine as well as cytidine reduce the action of aspartate carbamoyltransferase of embryos 3, 6 and 3 h after the beginning of fertilizatio, respectively. The decrease in the aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity is revealed in the unfertilized eggs after 2 h of incubation in the solutions of estrone and thyroxine. Cytidine alone under these conditions has no definite influence, but removes the inhibitory effect of estrone. The regularities were established in changes of the activity of above mentioned enzymes of embryos under physiological conditions of development. PMID- 1240672 TI - [Angiosarcomas of the liver in workers having had prolonged contact with vinyl chloride: epidemiology and program of research in the workers]. PMID- 1240673 TI - [Angiosarcomas of the liver in workers having had prolonged contact with vinyl chloride: morphological description of the lesions]. PMID- 1240674 TI - [Quatitative determination of alkaloids in the organism of animals in poisoning]. PMID- 1240675 TI - [Hematopoiesis and immunologic reactivity in swine]. PMID- 1240677 TI - [Use of citrated horse boood in swine and cattle]. PMID- 1240676 TI - [Level of lipids in the oocytes of Eimeria tenella]. PMID- 1240678 TI - [Clinical histological changes in the genitals of infertile cows]. PMID- 1240680 TI - [Epizootology of the sheep disease caused by Br. ovis]. PMID- 1240679 TI - [Comparative evaluation of hormonal preparations in infertility in cows]. PMID- 1240681 TI - [Source and possible means of transmission of swine plague]. PMID- 1240682 TI - [Phagocytic activity in cattle in pesticide poisoning]. PMID- 1240683 TI - [Automatic distribution of water in breeder-pigsties]. PMID- 1240684 TI - [Microbial flora of the gastrointestinal tract of suckling pigs with diarrhea]. PMID- 1240685 TI - [Transovarial transmission of the virus of infectious bronchitis in chickens]. PMID- 1240686 TI - [Radius of flight of Oestrus ovis]. PMID- 1240687 TI - [Etiology of vibriosis in animals]. PMID- 1240688 TI - [Influence of antioxidants and dietary fats on morphological changes in the internal organs of chickens]. PMID- 1240689 TI - [Poisoning of swine with edible salt]. PMID- 1240690 TI - [Collaboration of science and practice]. PMID- 1240691 TI - [Studies on the retention of R. burneti in Rh. bursa and H. detritum ticks]. AB - The role played by ixodes ticks in the epizootiology and epidemiology of Q fever was studied by following up the transphasal and transovarial passing of Rickettsia burnetii in ticks of the Rhipicephalus bursa and Hyalomma detritum species. Use was made of the 269th passage of the rickettsial strain BP, isolated in this country from sheep. The infection was followed up from larva Ist generation to larva IInd generation of the two ticks. In 10 out of the eleven samples of ticks studied there were rickettsiae in all developmental stages of the ticks, and this pointed to the phase transmission of strain BP via the metamorphosis. Of all 16 samples of eggs and second generation larvae of infected ticks, three egg samples were positive of both species of ticks, and one samples of larvae was positive of H. detritum ticks. Results showed that the infection may be passed transovarially, however, in a comparatively low per cent. PMID- 1240692 TI - [Complex-forming factors in the dilution of bull sperm for deep freezing]. AB - Micro- and ultramicroelectrophoresis on Cellogel were employed to study the formation of complexes of bull's semen and the constituents of Nagaze-Niva's extender in all possible combinations. It was found that a new glycoprotein complex is formed in mixing the semen with yolk. This complex was found to bind 82 +/- 1.5 per cent of all proteins in the sample. The addition of lactose to the yolk-diluted semen was shown to lead to the dispersion of this complex into 4--5 subunits. The cation fraction of the semen plasma and glycerin were established to take no part in the complex formation. Discussed are the problems associated with the dispersion effect of lactose and the higher (twice to three times) survival rate of semen trated with extenders containing saccharides. PMID- 1240693 TI - [Labeling of Myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses with phosphorus-32 in different substrates. Part 2. Studies of the labeling of mumps virus strains in their optimal substrate]. PMID- 1240695 TI - [Activity of renin and diurnal excretion of aldosterone in patients with heart defects with circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 1240694 TI - [Diurnal and annual dynamics of excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in high school teachers]. PMID- 1240696 TI - [Effect of convallatoxin on the state of water-electrolyte balance in the myocardium, liver and kidney in acute hemodynamic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 1240697 TI - [Biological properties of tick-borne encephalitis virus variants isolated by transfection]. AB - Variants of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBA) isolated by inoculation of pig embryo kidney cell cultures (SPEV) with infectious DNA from chronically infected HEp-2-Soph cells produced cytopathic effect in SPEV cell cultures. In suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally they induced inapparent infection. Titers of TBE virus variants in SPEV cell cultures treated with DEAE-dextran increased considerably. As a result of filtration a variant was obtained replicating in SPEV cell cultures without any CPE. The cytopathic effect developed only when SPEV cells were treated with DEAE dextran. This variant is assumed to consist of two subpopulations 1 of which produces the cytopathic effect in DEAE-dextran untreated SPEV cells while the other needs DEAE-dextran treatment of cells for its CPE manifestation. PMID- 1240698 TI - [Concentration of antibody to arboviruses in mouse immune ascitic fluid]. AB - A method for increasing titers of antibody in mouse immune ascitic fluids by twostep concentration of defibrinized ascitic fluids by means of the cryomethod and lyophilization has been developed. Antibody titers increased 8-32-fold. PMID- 1240699 TI - [Participation of Mycoplasmas in oncogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - The conclusions drawn from the presented data are in agreement with previously issued opinions of the author. Mycoplasmas are, synergistically with other factors, esseential and obligatory for oncogenesis. Distince biotypes of Mycoplasmas from different types of tumors could not be isolated. Mycoplasmas possess the ability to induce various tumors, without regard to their origin, either from tumors and fetuses. It is concludet that Mycoplasmas are infectious agents specific for tumor induction in general, but not for a distinct type. The conviction, presented already in 1948, tthat no malignant tumor occurs without the presence of Mycoplasmas, but in contrast, that numerous infections by Mycoplasmas do not provoke the manifestation of malignent tumors, is maintained. PMID- 1240700 TI - [Nutrition, intelligence and personality]. PMID- 1240701 TI - [Combined treatment of the aging heart using digitalis-convalloria glycosides. Increase of tolerance of digitalis glycosides through combined treatment with convallaria glycosides]. PMID- 1240702 TI - [Results following surgery of fibrous subvalvular aortic stenosis in childhood and adolescence]. AB - From 1963 up to the end of June 1974 32 patients were operated on for fibrous subvalvular aortic stenosis in Leipzig (age at operation 6-17 years). 18 patients had concomitant cardiovascular malformations, 4 patients died. The results are discussed in detail. Contrary to other publications the authors adopt the attitude that the operation in subvalvular stenosis is to be recommended even with gradients as low as 50 mm Hg, particularly when haemodynamically significant concomitant malformations are present. Therefore, the measuring of the left ventricular pressure and the localisation of the stenosis by intracardiac diagnostics should be performed not too late. It may be possible that the measuring of the left ventricular pressure must be repeated some years later. Also for the exact evaluation of the post-operative results recatheterisations are necessary. PMID- 1240704 TI - [Endocrine regulation in aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240703 TI - [The Km of malate dehydrogenase from pig heart with oxaloacetate as substrate (author's transl)]. AB - Km is necessary to calculate the conditions for indicator reactions in coupled enzymic assays. When malate dehydrogenase is used as an indicator enzyme for the assay of aspartate aminotransferase activity, its Km in relation to oxaloacetate is needed. Km (oxaloacetate) of commercially available mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from pig heart was determined as Km equals 1.65 x 10(-5) mol/1 using the measurement conditions for aspartate aminotransferase according to the preliminary recommendations of the IFCC. PMID- 1240705 TI - [Proceedings: Histochemical and disc electrophoretic studies of intestinal mucosa enzymes in circadian rhythm]. PMID- 1240706 TI - [The cellular basis of biological aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240707 TI - [Proceedings: What causes trophoblasts to grow invasively like cancer cells?]. PMID- 1240708 TI - [Combined ulcerogenous effect of alcohol or nicotine and stress in the rat]. PMID- 1240709 TI - [Tubal fertility]. AB - Animal experiments with 110 female guinea pigs proved an external ovum passage in 14 per cent of cases. These results ask for the conversative character of operations on the adnexes in sexually mature females. Literature reports on several cases of external ovum passage postoperatively. We presume, however, that the phenomenon of external ovum passage also results with an anatomically and physiologically normal sexual system more often than books in out discipline normally report. The basis of this study, which has the aim to prove in an experimental investigation with guinea pigs the phenomenon of external ovum passage, represented the delivery of a patient in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Gottingen, in whom precended operations of contralateral tube and ovary exstirpation. PMID- 1240710 TI - [Supravesical urinary diversion as based on gynecological indications]. AB - Different methods of urinary derivation are described, which are performed in gynecologic patients. Operative technics, their advantages and disadvantages and plans for selection of derivative methods are discussed. PMID- 1240711 TI - Taxonomical, cultural and metabolic characteristics of halophilic leptospirae. AB - Four strains of leptospirae were isolated from the sea and studied from a serological and metabolic point of view. These strains did not differ from saprophytic leptospirae except for their Na+ dependence. PMID- 1240712 TI - [Demonstration of specific antibodies in sera of patients with infections caused by aeromonas hydrophila (author's transl)]. AB - According to the formation of specific antibodies against Aeromonas hydrophilia in patients with infections caused by this microorganism the sera of two patients of different clinical picture were investigated. Among the antibodies there could be demonstrated the antihaemolysins against the haemolysin of the monolgous strain, agglutinins against the O-antigen and praecipitins against soluble antigens. The special problems of the technics are described. The results are discussed and interpreted. PMID- 1240713 TI - [Immunization of calves with EEI/DEAE dextran vaccine against Aujesky's disease]. PMID- 1240714 TI - [Hexokinases and glycolysis in embryonic and denervated rat liver]. AB - Certain similarity in the isoenzymic composition of hexokinase (HK) and the rate of glycolysis in embryonic and denervated liver of rats has been revealed. These tissues exhibit high activity of HK-II and especially HK-III, which has the highest affinity to glucose. Depending on the isoenzymic composition of HK, the rate of glycolysis in embryonic and denervated liver is rather intensive even at low external concentrations of glucose and is not significantly affected by the increase in the level of the latter. It is suggested that the observed similarity results from a reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This conclusion is confirmed by low catecholamine content in the tissues studied. PMID- 1240715 TI - [The effect of inhibition of protein synthesis on some biochemical and functional activities of the brain in chick embryos]. AB - By means of radioautographic and biochemical methods, it has been shown that cycloheximide administration to the brain in a dose of 76 mug significantly decreases protein synthesis within 30 min, the decrease being maximal after 2 hours. RNA synthesis in neuronal cytoplasm is blocked within 4 hours. Changes in biopotentials of the forebrain and midbrain structures were observed already 15 20 minutes after cycloheximide treatment. Application of cycloheximide (12.5-25 mug) to the area of vascular brannching of the foetal membranes of a 17-day embryo inhibits motor activity within 20 min.; in 28-day embryos, this effect is observed at a dose of 75 mug. Therefore, inhibition of protein synthesis in the brain results in sharp changes of the electrical activity of the brain and inhibits motor activity of the chick embryo. PMID- 1240716 TI - [Effects of some chemopreparations on the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. AB - The authors present the results of in vitro determination of the sensitivity of the causative agent of glanders and melioidosis to 8 preparations-5-nitrofuran derivatives, and also to negram and PASK. The most active against M. mallei and Ps. pseudomallei were furazonal and furacrillin; negram was less active. No naturally resistanct strains to furacrylin and furazonal were revealed among the M. mallei and Ps. pseudomallei strains studied. PMID- 1240717 TI - [Pathomorphologic changes in the brains of rabbits with experimental phenylketonuria]. AB - From rabbits with a clinico-biochemical model of phenylketonuria 2 offsprings were received. The pathomorphological changes in the nervous system, of the experimental animals were expressed to different degrees. The most crude changes were found in young animals. Such changes were due to a durative hyperphenilalanine intoxication which exerted a pernicious influence on the developing brain. PMID- 1240718 TI - The long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity in the heart of rat fed on rape-seed oil. AB - 1. Fat feeding (soybean oil or erucic acid-rich rape-seed oil) enhance after 2 to 7 days the palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity in the heart of weanling rats in a degree dependent on the content of fat in the diet. 2. The rise in enzyme activity between the 7th and 14th day of feeding, observed only in rats fed on rape-seed oil, coincides with the decrease in lipid infiltration in the heart. 3. The obtained results suggest that palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase may control in the heart the amount of acyl-CoA thioesters in the cell, thus decreasing the lipidosis induced by eurcic acid. PMID- 1240719 TI - [Histological changes of the splenic lymphatic tissue and mesenteric lymph nodes in mice treated with hydrocortisone with special reference to quantitative morphological analysis of the splenic lymphatic tissue]. PMID- 1240721 TI - [Behaviour therapy of phobic symptoms]. AB - The paper reviews current criteria for behaviour therapy of phobic symptoms, emphasizing the need of a clinical approach, the clinical diagnosis and a thorough comprehensive study of the patient's situation, prior to any therapeutic action. General therapeutic principles are examined, in four groups: a) Direct symptom treatment. Phobic patients are generally impervious to implosive techniques and other direct approaches to the symptom. b) Treatment of personality characteristics. When the symptom is completely organized and structured in an adult, this approach is of little use; but when the symptom is only starting, specially in children, it is possible to lessen neuro-vegetative reactivity or neuroticity by means of drugs, or to re-direc behaviour by means of assertive techniques. c) Modification of environment. At early stages of symptom development, it is possible to extinguish it by means of the removal of stimuli from the environment having a reinforcing effect. d) Action on psychopathological mechanisms. This is the most effective principle to be applied, through different techniques, among which the following: a) Reciprocal inhibition; b) Desensitization; c) Association of phobic stimulus with reduction of anxiety; d) Extinction. Several specific techniques are discussed, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive clinical approach, and stressing its role in the selection of the particular techniques to be used in a given case. PMID- 1240722 TI - [The building up the loss of the object in psychoanalitic theory]. AB - Within the general framework of Jacques Lacan's Psychoanalytical views and using a Semiotic approach, it is contended that the signification "objet-that-is-lost' (disapeared for ever), is not an empirical, first-hand, immediate reproduction of perceptual data. Far from it, it is the result of a complex process, leading to the building up of the concept. The contention is based upon the following hypothesis: A. the "object-representation-mnemic trace", in its diadic (interchangeable) value, belongs to the imaginary-specular register, where he object missing can only be registered as absence, and neve as a loss or as an impossiblity of reappearance... PMID- 1240720 TI - Enzyme-histochemical studies of "retrograde" reaction in motor neurones of immature rats. AB - Changes in immature rats in motor neurones after axotomy were studied by enzyme histochemical methods. Increased activity of dehydrogenases in these neurones demonstrates enhanced metabolism and there was also increase of acid phosphatases. Decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase and indoxylacetate esterase in the neurones and their processes seems to indicate impaired neuronal function to transmit impulses. "Retrograde" reaction in the immature and the grown up animal is in general of the same kind but takes place quicker in the immature rat. However, in new-born and very young animals, it is difficult to recognize alterations in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Therefore, nervous tissue of new-born animals seems not to respond as it does some days later in ontogenesis. PMID- 1240723 TI - [Study of the interferon-inducing activity of various newly synthesized compounds of the hydroxypyrimidine group in cell culture]. PMID- 1240724 TI - [Physiological and biochemical studies of pigment-producing yeasts of Rhodotorula genus. I. Taxonomic studies and selection of strains]. PMID- 1240725 TI - [Blood volume in newborn infants with hemolytic disease before and after exchange transfusion]. PMID- 1240726 TI - [The effect of megestranol and its components on the RNA content in the rats' endometrium]. PMID- 1240727 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of patients with primary amenorrhea]. PMID- 1240728 TI - [Chemotherapy of pregnant women and its consequences on the fetus and newborn infant. (Review of the literature)]. PMID- 1240729 TI - [Study of the pheuoronon of immune tolercince in the prevention of hemolytic disease of newborns. (Experimental study)]. PMID- 1240730 TI - [Complex treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn infant]. PMID- 1240731 TI - [Acid-alkaline state of blood in the pre-labor period]. PMID- 1240732 TI - [Case of choriomepithelioma proceeding with a picture of acute abdomen]. PMID- 1240733 TI - [Primary plica lata myoma]. PMID- 1240735 TI - Extroversion of cerebral hemispheres in a full term human foetus. AB - Extroversion of the cerebral hemispheres and a posterior intestinal fistula are described in a male foetus with single umbilical artery and craniorhachischisis. The paper has distinction of describing for the first time the cerebral extroversion in a full term human foetus. At this stage of development, the everted cerebral hemispheres, after having proliferated exuberantly to a considerable size present a disorganised appearance which would vary in every case of this type. However, the lateral ventricles are still visible, structures comparable to thalami and choroid plexus can be made out and the vascular masses with large blood clots seen in anencephaly are minimal. That the posterior intestinal fistula represents persistence of an accessory neurenteric canal is discussed. The neural and neurenteric defects in the specimen described here are possibly due to abnormal arterial pattern in the caudal half of the body, imposed by single umbilical artery. PMID- 1240734 TI - Rapid filter method for the microfluorometric analysis of DNA. PMID- 1240736 TI - Density of goblet cells in the developing nose. AB - On ten foetuses, ranging in age from the 13th to the 30th menstrual week, the entire nasal mucosa was removed, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method, and the density of goblet cells in the various parts of the nose was determined quantitatively. For each locality there was a characteristic density curve, consisting of an increase, a peak, and a decrease. The following factors, influencing changes in density, are discussed: (1) Spread of goblet cells causing the density to increase first in the anterior part of the nose, where goblet cells appear first. (2) Growth of the mucosa whose area increases constantly and regularly. (3) Intensity of goblet-cell newformation which is high during the first weeks, but is then followed by a period of decrease. (4) Lifetime of the goblet cells which is presumably longer in the respiratory tract than in the intestinal epithelium. PMID- 1240737 TI - Screening for neonatal hearing disorders in the Province of Central Finland. AB - Screening for congenital hearing disorders in newborn infants has been carried out in the Province of Central Finland since 1967. In 1967-1971, a total of 23 children (12 boys and 11 girls) were found to have congenital hearind disorders. From this it can be calculated that 90 infants are born each year with congenital hearing disorders in Finland. Our sample did not include slight or moderate hearing disorders (under 45 dB). 11 children under the age of 18 months were provided with a hearing aid. In spite of the screening, 12 cases (mean age 2 years) were not diagnosed until they came to the phoniatric clinic because of delayed speech development. These children were presumably also congenitally deaf. Most of the children in the delayed group reacted favourably to the auropalpebral reflex test on the obstetrical ward; their speech development was better and they also profited more from having a hearing aid than those children whose hearing defect had been discovered earlier. Screening for hearing disorders should be made nation-wide in order to avoid the harmful effects of the delay of rehabilitation on the child's development. The possibility of a hearing disorder should be kept in mind in those cases where there is a delay in speech development and also in those cases where the child has some other severe congenital defect which demands the attention of the nursing staff. PMID- 1240738 TI - Insulin effect upon the "in vitro" glucose uptake by the white rat thymus during the age - and hydrocortisone - induced thymus involution. AB - Insulin at a physiological concentration (10(-3) IU/ml incubation medium) did not modify the glucose uptake by the thymuses of young rats, but increased significantly the glucose uptake by the involuted thymuses of older animals. Insulin at the same concentration enhanced the glucose uptake of the thymuses which underwent an accidental hydrocortisone-induced involution. Parallely, the effect of insulin on insulin dependent peripheral tissues (diaphragm and epididymal fat pad) was followed. In the presence of cystine (4.13 mumole/ml) in the incubation medium increased the glucose consumption by the thymus of young rats. This fact is discussed on the basis of the -S-S bond-protecting effect of cystine against the distroying effect of free -SH groups released from the thymus into the incubation medium. PMID- 1240739 TI - [Proceedings: Prolactin regulation in 14 cases of galactorrhea and hypogonadism with minimal modifications of the sella turcica (author's transl]. PMID- 1240740 TI - [Proceedings: Study of the gonadotropins function in 12 cases with hypogonadism localised radiologic alteration of the sella turcica and hyperprolactinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240741 TI - [Proceedings: Lowering of plasma testosterone during orally induced hyperclycemia in normal and diabetic men. The effects of diurnal variations, water absorption, and LH]. PMID- 1240742 TI - [The current status in the pulmonary surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240743 TI - Measurement and clinical analysis of the fourteen major plasma proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1240744 TI - Effect of bleeding, fracture and diminished oxygen atmosphere on lung tissue exposed to fat. PMID- 1240746 TI - Carcinoma of the peripapillary portion of the duodenum without jaundice. PMID- 1240745 TI - [Intraarterial infusion therapy with anti-cancer agents. (A suitable technic introducing a polyethylene tube, with which is of angiographic visualization, through the profound femoral artery directly into the artery in the abdomen selected for injection, using two kinds of guidewire) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240747 TI - [Some fundamental studies on the arterial reconstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240748 TI - [Studies on sugar metabolism in totally depancreatized dogs with special reference to insulin metabolism--insulin half-life (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240749 TI - Growth and ultrastructural studies on the mitochondrial mutant of Coprinus lagopus. AB - The cytoplasmic acu-10 mutant of Corprinus lagopus has a respiratory deficiency due to an altered cytochrome component and is slower growing than wild type. When growth of wild type and acu-10 monokaryons and dikaryons were compared on solid medium and in liquid culture the mutation was found to restrict growth of the dikaryon more severely than that of the monokaryon. Ultrastructural studies revealed that faster growth of the acu-10 monokaryon occurred at the expense of maintaining the cytoplasmic cell contents and with little increase in the numbers of mitochondria. Cells of the acu-10 dikaryon were comparatively unvacuolated and contained greatly increased numbers of mitochondria. Mitochondria in cells of the mutant had a typical orthodox conformation with clear matrix and well defined cristae. In contrast, mitochondria in wild type cells had a more compact and elongated shape with dense matrix and less obvious cristae. The observed difference in mitochondrial ultrastructure is interpreted as one of conformation rather than structure and is attributed to impaired ability of mutant mitochondria to carry out oxidative phosphorylation. In an old cell of the mutant the mitochondria showed signs of recovering the wild type conformation. PMID- 1240750 TI - [Digestive intolerance to cow's milk proteins in infants. Clinical study of 42 cases]. AB - The criteria chosen for the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal intolerance to cow milk proteins were the following: occurrence of shock or anaphylaxis, reccurrence of gastro-intestinal symptoms as a consequence of repeated trials of reintroduction of cow milk proteins into the diet. Under these conditions the transient forms, including the secondary forms, of intolerance to cow milk, were eliminated. This diagnostic attitude may explain the early appearance of gastro intestinal disturbances, the higher frequency in infancy than in childhood of the severe forms, characterized by shock, subacute malabsorption, exsudative enteropathy, bloody diarrhea, the authors are describing in their study report. PMID- 1240752 TI - Synchronization of L5178Y cells by treatment with hydroxyurea. PMID- 1240751 TI - [Digestive intolerance to cow's milk proteins in infants. Biological and histological study]. AB - Biological and histological studies were performed in 42 cases of gastro intestinal intolerance to cow's milk proteins. Hypoproteinemia was present in 2/3 of the cases, anemia in 3/4. Malabsorption syndrome (steatorrhea, xylose) was overt in less than 1 patient out of 2. Serum level of vitamin A was more frequently depressed than that of vitamin E and folinic acid. Intestinal biopsy, performed in 32 children, showed consistent abnormalities, a partial atrophy of the villi being most often seen (26 cases). Eosinophilia was present in 50% of the cases. A titer of anti-milk agglutinins of 1/64 or above was always found if the test was performed repeatedly when the diet of the children contained milk. Lymphocyte proliferation in culture, induced by milk proteins, was positive in 70% of the cases. None the less, no biological or histological findings were found to be specific for gastro-intestinal intolerance to milk proteins. PMID- 1240753 TI - [Assessment of the hereditary and environmental influence on the growth of hand bones in twin children]. AB - Forty pairs of twins from 6 to 15 years of age were subjected to two rentgenographies of the right hand. The degree of similarity between the twins of one pair was studied by the value of the absolute and relative increase of sizes of the hand phalanges. Zygotes, sex and age of children were taken into account. The effect of hereditary factors on the growth of hand phalanges in boys is pronounced better than in girls. In the formers the degree of similarity between the twins of one pair is lower than in the latters. In 12-15 years of age such similarity is higher than in 8-11 years old twins. PMID- 1240754 TI - [Treatment of malignant fractures of the femur with total hip-femur-knee joint alloplastics (author's transl)]. AB - This is to report as an example of 2 such cases, the indications and operative procedures of total hip-femur-knee joint alloplastics for malignant fractures of the femur. This is an alternative to the exarticulation of the femur in the case of impossibility to fix the osteosynthesis material on the remaining femur. The higher radicality of this method in comparison to the common femur-saving way might lead to a wider usage. PMID- 1240755 TI - The separation of bovine brain beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases. Abnormal gel filtration behaviour of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase C. AB - Bovine brain tissue was extracted and the 50 000g supernatant was separated by electrophoresis, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G 200 and Bio-Gel P-200. The electrophoretic separation showed that the beta-N acetyl-D-hexosaminidases (hexosaminidases) of bovine brain tissue were composed of four different fractions. Two fractions (A and B) exerted both glucosaminidase and galactosaminidase activity, a third fraction (C) showed only glucosaminidase activity, whereas a fourth form (D) with specificity towards the galactosaminide moiety was found to be present. DEAE-Sephadex chromatography at pH 7.0 showed that the B form was eluted with the void volume, whereas the A and D forms could be eluted in one peak by raising that salt concentration. The C form could not be detected in the eluate. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 showed that the B, A and D forms had almost equal molecular weights. In this case also the C form could not be detected in the column eluates. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-200 revealed that the C form was eluted with the void volume. PMID- 1240756 TI - Purification and properties of oestrogen-induced uterine peroxidase. AB - 1. An enzyme that can be induced in rat uteri by oestrogens and that catalyses the oxidation of guaiacol and the metabolism and binding of [4-14C]oestradiol to protein in the presence of H2O2 was partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and polyacrylamide-gel chromatography. 2. The molecular weight of this uterine peroxidase was estimated to be about 40 000 and thus shown to differ from that of eosinophil peroxidase. 3. Cycloheximide, which blocks the increase in peroxidase activity brought about by oestrogen, was used to determine the half-life (about 4h) of the induced uterine enzyme. PMID- 1240757 TI - Fractionation of chick oviduct chromatin. Nuclease-resistant deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Chromatin isolated from several chick tissues was treated with micrococcal nuclease. A limited degree of tissue specificity of chromatin DNA resistance to nuclease digestion was observed. No difference in the extent of nuclease resistance of chromatin DNA was detected during oestrogen-induced oviduct differentiation. This suggested that the amount of non-histone chromosomal protein does not play an important role in the sensitivity of chromatin DNA to nuclease digestion. Studies of nuclease resistance of chromatin DNA after dissociation and reconstitution of chromatin proteins and ethanol extraction of chromatin indicate that the histones protect the DNA from nuclease attack. Slow thermal denaturation of nuclease-resistant DNA suggests that the protected DNA sequences may be (A+T)-rich, and the (G+C)-rich satellites present in total chick DNA are sensitive to nuclease. PMID- 1240758 TI - Physical studies on phosphonium phosphatidylcholine. A unique [31P]phosphorus nuclear-magnetic-resonance probe for model and biological membranes. AB - 1. Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine and the phosphonium analogue, in which the nitrogen atom is replaced by phosphorus, show similar gel-liquid crystalline transition temperatures as detected by differential scanning calorimetry. 2. The temperature-dependence of the 31P n.m.r. (nuclear-magnetic-resonance) linewidths of the phosphate resonances of sonicated vesicles of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine and the phosphonium analogue are similar. Below the phase transition temperature the linewidths decrease as the temperature is raised. Above the phase-transition temperature the phosphate resonances are relatively temperature-independent. The phosphonium 31P n.m.r. signal exhibits the same pattern of temperature-dependence. 3. The 31P n.m.r. phosphonium resonance is sensitive to the paramagnetic shift reagent, K3Fe(CN)6. Use of K3Fe(CN)6, together with Nd(NO3)3, enabled the determination of the trans-bilayer distribution of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine and its phosphonium analogue in co sonicated vesicles. Both are distributed comparably across the bilayer of the vesicles. 4. The phosphonium 31P n.m.r. signal is much sharper than the corresponding phosphate resonance in both sonicated and unsonicated dispersions of the phosphatidylcholine analogue. 5. The properties of the phosphonium analogue of phosphatidylcholine are discussed in terms of its suitability as a probe of membrane structure. PMID- 1240759 TI - Studies on the stability and cellular distribution of dioxopiperazines in cultured BHK-21S cells. PMID- 1240761 TI - [Immunobiological studies of hepatic depuration with heterologous liver]. PMID- 1240760 TI - [The mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by amine oxidases containing copper]. PMID- 1240762 TI - Proceedings: Radiation and anti-tumour drugs. PMID- 1240763 TI - Proceedings: Activities of L-ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase in x-irradiated murine leukaemic lymphoblasts L5178Y-S during mitotic delay. PMID- 1240764 TI - Human infestation by Ophionyssus natricis snake mite. AB - A family presented with a papular vesiculo-bullous eruption of the skin, found to be caused by the snake mite, Ophionyssus natricis (Cervais, 1844). A pet python was the primary host. Treatment of the animal and its environment led to clearance of the human skin lesions. PMID- 1240765 TI - Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum involving scalp and face. PMID- 1240766 TI - Letter: High doses of ascorbic acid. PMID- 1240767 TI - Opsoclonus. Pattern of regression in a child with neuroblastoma. AB - A child with opsoclonus associated with occult neuroblastoma is presented, in whom regression of the eye movement disorder through phases of flutter and dysmetria was observed. It is speculated that these ocular motor abnormalities represent a continuum of cerebellar dysfunction. A peculiar dysmetric head movemment not related to saccadic palsy is documented. PMID- 1240768 TI - Evolution of the retinal black sunburst in sickling haemoglobinopathies. AB - In a prospective study of 38 patients, who were initially selected as being at an early stage of sickling retinopathy, three developed circular black chorio retinal scars (black sunbursts) during a period of 6 to 24 months. These lesions appear to be the sequelae of intraretinal and subretinal haemorrhage. They occur in the fundus periphery and do not interfere with vision. PMID- 1240769 TI - Preliminary characterization of rabbit oviduct fluid trypsin inhibitors. PMID- 1240770 TI - Metabolism of progesterone by rat ovarian tissue: influence of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and prolactin. PMID- 1240771 TI - Delayed fertilization and preimplantation loss in senescent golden hamsters. PMID- 1240772 TI - The influence of exteroceptive factors on the estrous cycle of the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). PMID- 1240773 TI - Cylical fluctuations in reflexive oxytocin release during the estrous cycle of the goat. PMID- 1240774 TI - Estrogen-induced release of LH in the ovariectomized ewe: independence of time of day. PMID- 1240776 TI - Study of a family with a new progeroid syndrome. AB - From a family of 14 sibs, we described 2 males and 2 females with a new progeroid syndrome. The clinical characteristics of this syndrome are as follows: complete arrest of somatic growth by age 11; initiation of somatic changes at age 6 or 7 years; partial alopecia in the males, without greying of the hair; skeletal changes of skull and facies giving a bird-like appearance; micrognathia; total or partial absence of both clavicles; bell-shaped thorax with severe acroosteolysis; and coxa valga. In one case there was presence of soft tissue calcifications. Marked hypoplasia of the subcutaneous tissue and mottled hyperpigmentation of the skin, with sclerodermoid changes of hands and feet, and dystrophic nails were prominent features. Two of the patients (Cases 1 and 3) had a borderline glucose tolerance test. Case 2 showed a diabetic curve and Case 4 was not investigated. We believe that these cases have enough clinical and radiographic findings to be considered a new progeroid syndrome, autosomal recessive, and different from the classically described Werner and Hutchinson-Gilford syndromes. PMID- 1240775 TI - X-autosome translocation with a 47,XXXY qs,t(9p-;Xq+) karyotype. AB - A male with a karyotype 47,XXXY qs,t(9p-;Xq+) was ascertained utilizing ASG banding. The karyotype was repeated because the original diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) was inconsistent with many of the stigmata present. It is suggested that many karyotypes completed prior to the advent of banding techniques will be repeated in an attempt to provide more accurate diagnosis, describe more aberrations, and possibly establish new syndromes. PMID- 1240777 TI - Acrocephalosyndactyly and partial trisomy 6. AB - A partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 6 was found in an infant with acrocephalosyndactyly (not Apert acrocephalosyndactyly). The mother had a balanced translocation involving the long arms of chromosomes 6 and 10. Other reports of similar aberrations are reviewed. PMID- 1240778 TI - Acrocephalopolysyndactyly, type Noack, in a large kindred. AB - ACS was highly variable in this family. At least one affected member could have passed as uninvolved. Others could have been assigned to ACS types III, IV or V. The current classification is probably sound, but great caution is needed to assign individual cases of ACS to any group other than ACS types I or II or the Carpenter syndrome. The great variability of ACS has obvious implications for genetic counseling. PMID- 1240779 TI - [The recovery process in the fetal rabbit myocardium following mechanical trauma]. AB - Healing processes of the myocardium after an injury during the intrauterine period were studied. After the mechanical trauma of the heart the rabbit fetus is kept in the maternal organism and is born in due course. It was found that the healing of the injured part of the cardiac muscle occurred shortly and was due to the high proliferative activity of the cells. Morphological structure of the tissue appearing at the site of injury is very similar to that of the muscle tissue. However, further studies are necessary for final decision. PMID- 1240781 TI - [ATP concentration in thrombocytes at different stages of ontogenesis]. AB - Intraplatelet ATP levels were measured in rabbits of different ages by the firefly technique. Adult and 7-8 day rabbits platelets proved to contain 8.9 +/- 0.9 muM ATP/10(11) cells and 5.8 +/- 0.7 muM ATP/10(11) cells, respectively. The decreased ATP level in the 7-day rabbits' platelets was not related to the platelet isolation procedure. PMID- 1240782 TI - [The relationship between the fate of the agent of toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, in macrophages cultivated in vitro and the virulence of the parasites]. AB - Comparative light microscopic and electron microscopic studies of development of a highly-virulent RH strain and a less virulent Lagrave strain of Toxoplasma cultivated in macrophages in vitro were made. Contrary to active multiplication of the highly virulent strain most of toxoplasmas of a less virulent strain disintegrated the first hours, degenerating completely in 24-48 hours after the penetration into the macrophages. Submicroscopic study showed no marked cytological changes of macrophages infected with a less virulent strain in comparison with the marked changes of the nuclei in macrophages infected with the RH strain. Disintegration of parasites within the phagosome was accompanied by a gradual transformation of an originally double (or triple) vacuolar membrane to a single membrane and by the disappearance of an additional layer of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum elements surrounding the vacuolar membrane. It is likely that the capacity of toxoplasma to develop in macrophages in vitro could become an additional marker to its virulence for albino mice. PMID- 1240783 TI - Extension contracture of the wrist caused by fibrosis of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle. AB - A patient with bilateral extrinsic contracture of the wrists is described. The management of this deformity is presented in detail. PMID- 1240780 TI - [Changes in systemic hemodynamics following administration of synthetic angiotensin II to dogs of different ages]. AB - Experiments were conducted on dogs aged 18-22 days, 2-3 month-old and adult dogs. Arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate and total peripheral resistance during the infusion of synthetic angiotensin-II-amide in a dose of 2 mug/kg per minute were studied. An increase of arterial pressure in adult dogs during the action of angiotensin-II was connected with the elevation of the total peripheral resistance. An increase of the total peripheral resistance and also of the cardiac output was seen in the puppies. The differences in the degree of increase of the arterial blood pressure in adult dogs and puppies were not marked. PMID- 1240784 TI - Proceedings: Studies of RNA synthesis in irradiated resistant and sensitive strains of the slime-mould Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 1240785 TI - Inhibitory effect of peritoneal exudate on the action of N-methyl-n-nitrosourea on antibody producing cells. PMID- 1240786 TI - Obtaining valid population indices from pitfall trapping data. PMID- 1240787 TI - Sterol and fatty acid composition of polyene macrolide antibiotic resistant Torulopsis glabrata. AB - Successive reculturing of Torulopsis glabrata on media containing increasing concentration of the polyene macrolide antibiotics nystalin or lucensomycin resulted in the segregation of cultures resistant to these antibiotics. Isolates resistant to lucensomycin showed good resistance to nystatin, and vice versa. Analysis of the sterols and fatty acids of sensitive and polyene resistant T. glabrata revealed that compositional changes occurred in both classes of lipids upon acquistion of resistance. The sterol composition of nystatin and lucensomycin resistant cultures possessed reduced amounts of, or no ergosterol (the major sterol of the sensitive parent culture), and increased amounts of sterols which were biogenetically more primitive than ergosterol. Resistant cultures in which ergosterol was absent possessed a fatty acid composition that did not differ significantly from the parent sensitive culture grown under identical conditions. Resistant cultures containing significantly reduced amounts of ergosterol were found to possess altered fatty acid compositions. Generally it was observed that these latter cultures possessed fatty acids containing shorter and more saturated chains. These results are considered to indicate that alteration in both lipid and sterol composition is involved in determination of culture resistance to polyene macrolides. PMID- 1240788 TI - Differentition of mutants of Cephalosporium acremonium in complex medium: the formation of unicellular arthrospores and their germination. AB - Differentiation of swollen hyphal fragments to unicellular arthrospores accompanied the synthesis of cephalosporin C by a series of Cephalosporium acremonium mutants during propagation in a complex medium. The complex medium supported significantly higher synthesis than the defined medium used in previous studies of differentiation in C. acremonium. The mutants differed in their ability to form unicellular arthrospores and to synthesize cephalosporin C, but a one-to-one correspondence between the two properties was not observed. An inverse relation was observed between the growth rates of the mutants and their ability to synthesize cephalosporin C: each mutant produced more antibiotic but grew more slowly than its parent strain. Germination of the unicellular arthrospores occurred in complex medium but differed significantly from the germination of conidia in seed medium. The unicellular arthrospores were examined by electron microscopy and compared with swollen hyphal fragments and slender hyphal filaments. The unicellular arthrospores had a thicker cell wall, rougher cell surface, and had one or more small identations in their surface. The internal structure of the unicellular arthrospore resembled those of the swollen hyphal fragment and slender hyphal filament. Filaments had lower concentrations of lipid containing vacuoles which were prevalent in both the swollen hyphal fragments and the unicellular arthrospores. PMID- 1240789 TI - Cell wall composition and incorporation of radio-labelled compounds by Veillonella alcalescens. AB - The cell wall of Veillonella alcalescens was shown to have a typically Gram negative appearance and composition. The wall contains 24% lipid, 0.8% phosphorus, and 6.8% hexosamine. It is estimated to contain about 5% murein, unlike the 24% reported by other for Veillonella parvula. The amounts of 19 amino acids, including diaminopimelic acid, were determined. Though Veillonella sp. cannot metabolize sugars for energy, V. alcalescens incorporates ribose and fructose by separate, specific mechanisms and uses most of the incorporated sugar in nucleic acid synthesis. Large excesses of either sugar in the medium do not repress gluconeogenesis from the pyruvate level. We have been unable to detect phosphoglyceromutase (EC 2.7.5.3) by several assay methods but have no indication of a gluconeogenic pathway other than reverse glycolysis. PMID- 1240790 TI - Sinus arrest following diuretic therapy in a patient with myxedema and hypertension. AB - A 65-year-old female patient suffering from hypertension and myxedema due to chronic thyroiditis developed anginal attacks under trichlormethiazide therapy. The ECG revealed a SA block with reciprocal beats and aberrant ventricular conduction in a form of bigeminy. Upon substitution of desiccated thyroid for the antihypertensive drug, the anginal attacks subsided, the conduction disturbances disappeared and the blood pressure returned to normal without hypotensive treatment. This observation suggests that replacement therapy should precede diuretics in hypertensive patients with myxedema. PMID- 1240791 TI - [Left- and righthandedness as a manifestation of functional asymmetry and brain hemisphere specialization and psychopathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240792 TI - The lipase-catalyzed reaction of n-alkyl n-butyrates with methanol. PMID- 1240793 TI - [Structure and function of the autonomic center]. PMID- 1240794 TI - [Neuronal mechanisms of cerebellar functions]. PMID- 1240795 TI - [Activity of glucuronyl-glucosamine-glycan sulfate in patients with dyslipemia. Medium-term study]. PMID- 1240796 TI - A quantitative study of the second meiotic metaphase in male mice (Mus musculus). AB - Over 11,000 second meiotic metaphase spreads stained for the pericentromeric region have been studied quantitatively in male mice of 14 strains. The sex chromosome constitution of a cell could be judged objectively if X and Y chromosomes and ploidy were all scored. A bias arose if only Y chromosomes and ploidy were scored but could be corrected statistically. There was no sign of other forms of bias. The original contiguity of X and Y second metaphases in vivo was very occasionally evident in the preparations. Most of the subhaploid aneuploid counts were assumed to be artifactual. The incidence of truly aneuploid second metaphases in 13 strains was estimated as 0.38+/-0.12%. The estimated average rate per chromosome was 0.019+/-0.006%, with a comparable order of magnitude for the sex chromosomes alone. Simultaneous aneuploidy of two or more chromosomes of the haploid set was estimated to be very rare. Of the spreads from 13 strains, 9.6% were polyploid (2N, 3N, 4N) and showed most of the possible combinations of sex chromosomes. Nearly all the polyploid spreads were considered to arise by artifactual cell fusion at the time of second metaphase during the preparative technique, especially of the X and Y daughter-cell products of the first meiotic division. Other modes of origin (true polyploidy, accidental superposition of cells during preparation) were unlikely. The data could be accommodated by a statistical model with only four parameters. It allowed for artifactual fusion mainly between daughter cells but also between non-daughter cells, bias in one scoring method, and bias in the numbers of cells with given ploidy successfully mounted. Current techniques of chromosome preparation were thought to be wholly unsuitable for the recognition of true polyploidy. The artifactual origin of polyploid spreads was borne out by an absence of polyploid spermatozoa in 14 strains. There appeared to be a virtually constant transmission rate of paternal X and Y chromosomes from early meiosis to late blastocyst. The estimated rate of 49.05+/-0.67% with a Y chromosome also estimated the primary sex ratio. There was evidence of polymorphism in autosomal pericentromeric staining in 3 strains. No measure of the numbers of autosomes or sex chromosomes varied significantly between duplicate preparations or between duplicate males of a strain. PMID- 1240797 TI - [Problems of peripheral nerve surgery in amputation stump pain and phantom limbs]. AB - Follow-up examination of 17 patients with severe and lasting stump and phantom limb pain which could not be improved by analgetics and who then underwent surgical procedures at the neuroma. The results were discouraging. Only 2 patients showed a lasting improvement. Resection of the neuroma and injection of alcohol into the neuroma seem to be successful only if the preoperative history of pain is very short or if there is an isolated injury of a peripheral nerve and a subsequent single neuroma. PMID- 1240798 TI - [Portal shunt operations. A critical observation on the selection of shunt methods]. AB - In prehepatic block the method of operation is dependent on the anatomical and pathological condition of the blood vessels in the portal system. The choice of the shunt method has significant importance for the further progress of the disease and the social reintegration of the liver cirrhotic patients. Here, special attention should be given to possible postoperative hepatoportal encephalopathies. Portal hypertension is completely averted by direct portacaval anastomosis. It has a low risk but a relatively high incidence of postoperative encephalopathy. The lateral splenorenal shunt has a higher rate of recurrent bleeding but lower lethality, a higher long term survivalrate and a smaller number of encephalopathies. The coronariocaval anastomosis showed specially good results. This method is however only practicable in cases with extremely dilated coronaric ventricular veins. In the prevention of postoperative encephalopathies the central splenorenal anastomosis by Warren, Zeppa and Fomon has proved most effective. Modifications in method, especially the approach through the bursa omentalis and omission of the ligatur of the coronaric vein permits a significant decrease in the inherent surgical lethality. The pressure adapted arterialisation of the portal stump in portacaval shunt with iliacoportal bypass with saphenous vein interposition, as evolved by Matzander, seems to cause a significant decrease in the rate of postoperative encephalopathies after portacaval anastomosis. The prevention of postoperative encephalopathy is still the main problem of the technically perfected shunt operations. Solving this problem requires further investigation and research. PMID- 1240799 TI - [Role of total arthroplasty in the treatment of arthritic complications of congenital dysplasia of the hip]. PMID- 1240800 TI - [Case of spontaneous rupture of a hepatic angiosarcoma in a worker exposed to vinyl chloride]. PMID- 1240801 TI - Synthetic salmon calcitonin (Calsynar). PMID- 1240802 TI - [Biochemical changes in the myometrium of pregnant cats]. AB - The author carried out on 35 cats a study on the protein content, potasium and sodium. aldolase, GOT, GPT and LDH of the uterine muscle. The animals were divided into three groups: first-15 nonpregnant cats, second-10 pregnant cats at the first half of pregnancy and third-10 pregnant cats at the second half of pregnancy. He used a piece of uterine muscle from which proteins were extracted by solutions of potasium iodide with various strength. The total protein was determined by the method of Loury, but the sarcoplasmic proteins were examined electrophoretically. Electrolytes were estimated by flame photometer. The enzyme activity was examined by the reagents of "Boehringer". There was an increase of the amount of myosin and of the enzyme active sarcoplasmic protein fraction in the myometrium of pregnant animals. Potasium was increased in the uterine muscle during pregnancy, but sodium decreased. Enxyme activity of ALD, GOT and GPT was the highest in animals from the second group, but that of LDH-in the third group. PMID- 1240804 TI - [Ceriometric quantitative determination of some pharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 1240803 TI - Comparative study of the ultrastructure of Tracheal and pulmonary tumours induced by multiple intratracheal instillations of diethylnitrosamine in Syrian golden hamsters. PMID- 1240805 TI - [Liposome binding of drug substances]. PMID- 1240806 TI - [The relationship between the high embryonic mortality in swine and the heterogeneity of embryos of the same generation in RNA and SH-group content]. PMID- 1240807 TI - Heterotransplantation of cultured human cancer cells and human cancer tissues into nude mice. AB - Twenty-seven out of 31 cultured human cancer cell lines transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice produced solid tumors. Direct transplantation of surgical materials proved less successful. In 35 attempts, only 1 of 6 gastric cancers, 2 of 3 liposarcomas, and 1 of 3 osteosarcomas were accepted. No positive tumor formation was noted after the inoculation of 3 nasopharyngeal carcinomas or 1 breast cancer. None of lymphomatous neoplasms and leukemias produced any tumor in 12 and 3 attempts, respectively. The histological and cytological characteristics of the tumors developed were studied with light and electron microscopes, in relation to the features in vitro and those of the parent tumors. Histological similarity of the tumors that developed in nude mice to their parent tumors were noteworthy. Serial transplantation was performed successfully in 9 cell lines and 2 tissues. Preservation of tissue construction ability and other differentiation abilities of in vitro cultured human cancer cells were ascertained in varying degrees. PMID- 1240809 TI - Differentiation of cultured Friend leukemia cells induced by short-chain fatty acids. AB - Short-chain fatty acids as sodium salts (pH 7.0) induced hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend leukemia cells (T-3-Cl-1) in concentrations of 0.5 mM butyrate, 6mM isobutyrate, 2mM propionate, and 30mM acetate. Relative number of cells decreased by the addition of these fatty acids. Addition of 0.5mM butyrate to culture medium resulted in the highest hemoglobin synthesis as found by the extracted hemoglobin content by spectrophotometry. The activity of delta aminolevulinic acid synthetase increased on day 4 by the addition of any of these fatty acids into the medium. Hemoglobin synthesis was initiated on day 3 of culture by the addition of either butyrate or isobutyrate, and on day 4 by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. Hemoglobin accumulation reached the maximum on day 5 of culture in all cases when the fatty acid was added. Reasonably similar values were obtained for hemoglobin synthesis determined by either benzidine staining or hemoglobin quantitation. Formate, succinate, and citrate were ineffective for the induction. PMID- 1240808 TI - Action of 5-fluorocyclocytidine on cultured L-5178Y cells. AB - Effect of substitution of 5-position of cyclocytidine with fluorine on its antitumor activity in cultured cells was examined. 5-Fluorocyclocytidine was active against cultured L-5178Y cells similar to cyclocytidine. IC50 of the compound was 0.054 mug/ml. This compound inhibited thymidine incorporation into acid-soluble fraction of the cells. Cell growth inhibition by 5 fluorocyclocytidine was reversed by deoxycytidine but not by thymidine and deoxyuridine. On the other hand, cell growth inhibition by 5-fluorouracil was reversed by thymidine and deoxyuridine. As a result, site of action of 5 fluorocyclocytidine was considered to be similar to that of cyclocytidine and not to 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 1240810 TI - Hemoglobin production in cultured Friend leukemia cells induced by a human placental extract preparation. PMID- 1240811 TI - Antitumor activity of nagilactones. PMID- 1240812 TI - [Development of a rat subline with symptoms of hereditary galactosemia and study of its biochemical characteristics]. AB - It was established earlier that the maintenance of rats on a galactose-rich diet induced in rat liver a sequental induction of enzymes, converting galactose to glucose (galactokinase, galactoso-1-phosphaturidytransferase and uridyndiphosphogalactose-4-epimerase); this was followed by the repression of these enzymes. Against the background of the enzyme repression, the continuation of galactose treatment leads to the development of galactosemia symptoms; cataracts, liver lesions growth retardation. Animals with the increased susceptibility to galactose were found in population of Wistar rats; in these animals rapidly developing enzyme induction is followed by sharp repression of enzymes of the galactose metabolism and in them cataracts appear 17-19 days after the start of feeding a galactose-rich diet. A part of the population is resistant to the galactosemic effect of galactose and in these animals cataracts develope only 40-44 days after the beginning of the galactose feeding. By inbreeding of individuals extremely susceptible to galactose and those resistant to it, new substrains of rats were obtained. It is found that in the rats of the galactose susceptible substrain a number of galactosemic features develope spontaneously and that these features are inheritable. Thus, 85% of the animals of the age of 2.5-6 months have cataract, lens opacities and other lens impairments. In the galactose-resistant substrain no cataracts or lens opacities develope and only slight changes of the lens are observed in 15% of the animals. In the susceptible substrain other features characteristic of galactosemia occur: an increase in the size of thymus, spleen and liver. It is established that in 3.5-5 month old rats of the galactose-susceptible substrain the galactoso-1 phosphaturidyltransferase activity in blood hemolysates is 15 times lower than in rats of galactose resistant substrain, and in liver the activity of this enzyme is 1.4 times lower. The activity of liver galactokinase and uridyldiphosphogalactose-4-epimerase is slightly higher in rats of galactose-susceptible substrain than in galactose resistant 1. PMID- 1240813 TI - [Eremothecium ashbyii mutants resistant to 2,6-diaminopurine]. AB - 3 groups of Eremothecium ashbyii mutants resistant to 5-10(-3) M 2,6 diaminopurine (DAP) ahve been obtained. The mutants of the 1st group (Dap-r) are selected from the initial susceptible strain by the ability to grow in the presence of 5-10(-3) M DAP. The mutants of the 2nd group (Azg-Dap-r) are selected in the selective background of two analogues of 5-10(-3) M DAP and 10(-4) M 8 azaguanine (AG). The mutants of the 3rd group (Azg-r - DAP-r) are isolated from the mutant Azg-r 34 resistant to 10(-4) M AG. The results of studying cross resistance of mutants to DAP, AG and 8-azaadenine (AA) show that Dap-r and Azg Dap-r mutants in contrast to Azg-r - Dap-r, have common phenotypic properties and can grow only on the analogues of adenine. DAP, but not AA, eliminates the inhibitory effect of AG on the growth of these mutants. This effect is probably due to deaminating DAP to guanine. Mutants Azg-r - Dap-r retain the initial resistance to 10(-4) M AG, but are susceptible to higher concentrations of AG and in this case DAP does not eliminate the inhibitory effect of AG. In all mutants obtained the effectiveness of the incorporation of 14C-adenine (but not 14C guanine) is sharply reduced, thus indicating the absence of adenosine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activity. The mutants do not excrete purine-like compounds into the medium. In the course of the continuous growth of mutants in the presence of DAP but not of guanine the red intracellular pigment is formed which seems to be a complex of riboflavin with DAP. A disturbance in the synthesis of adenosine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase does not influence practically the level of the synthesis of riboflavin in E. ashbyii. PMID- 1240814 TI - [Genetic polymorphism of transferrins in yaks and local cattle in Gornyi Altai]. AB - The object of this investigation was the genetic polymorphism of transferrins in Altaian and Mongolian yaks and in the aboriginal cattle of high-mountain regions of the Altai Territory. Both in the cattle and in yaks the usual 4-allele system of the transferin locus with a peculiar frequency and distribution of genotypes was found. A high frequency of occurrence of transferrin types D1 and D2 under the conditions of a severe pressure of natural selection suggests the existence of a correlation between the TF-genotypes and the adaptive capacities of the given cattle species. PMID- 1240815 TI - [Eremothecium ashbyii mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine. II. Mutants with different degrees of resistance to 8-azaguanine]. AB - Guanine, unlike adenine and hypoxanthine, can not eliminate the inhibitory effect of adenine analogues on the growth and flavinogenesis of Eremothecium ashbyii. Guanine does not restore riboflavin synthesis inhibited with 5-10(-3) M 8 azaguanine. Low adenine concentrations (10(-4)-3-10(-4) M), which do not influence the inhibitory effect of 5.-10(-3) M 8-azaguanine, restore the riboflavin synthesis in combination with guanine. On the basis of the data obtained as well as the data of biochemical analysis it is concluded that the riboflavin producer studied lacks guanosinemonophosphate reductase. The mutants resistant to various concentrations of 8-azaguanine have been obtained. In all mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine the efficiency of the incorporation of 14C guanine and 14C-adenine into mycelium is decreased as compared with the susceptible strain. The mutant Azg-R 10 resistant to high (3-10(-3) M) concentrations of 8-azaguanine, 8-azaadenine and 2,6-diaminopurine secretes inosine-like compounds when grown in a synthetic medium. The stepwise increase of the mutant resistance to 8-azaguanine from 10(-4) M TO 3-10(-3) M did not result in further enhancement of riboflavin synthesis. PMID- 1240816 TI - [Comparative study of a group of mutant strains of Trichoderma viride, producer of cellulolytic enzymes]. AB - In the course of selection of Trichoderma viride, the producer of cellulolytic enzymes, the group of mutant strains characterized by a higher level of productivity are isolate. It is shown that the isolated mutants possess a number of common but differing them from original strains characters. These include: the small size of colonies ("dwarfs"), a lower capacity to carry out some biochemical reactions, and increased development rate and a higher resistance to lethal effect of nitrosoguanidine and nitrosoethyl urea. The data obtained indicate that in the series of populations of successively isolated mutants observed the stabilization of variability of the levels of C1 enzyme synthesis takes place. It is also shown that, unlike original cultures, the populations of mutant strains are characterized by a higher variability of Cx enzyme activity levels as compared with C1. PMID- 1240818 TI - The distributions of the combinations of the sexes in mammalian litters. PMID- 1240817 TI - [Effect of maternal genetic heterozygosity]. AB - The obstetrics histories of all the pregnances were studied, including the deliveries and abortions, the perinatal mortality of fetuses and the frequency of congenital malformations among newborns in 239 repeatedly pregnant women heterozygous for the gene of phenylketonuria (PKU), 40 women with the latent form of diabetes mellitus (LDM) and 96 women heterozygous for Dushenne's myopathy (MD). It was established that the frequency of women suffering from spontaneous abortions (SA) was increased as well as the SA frequency among all the pregnancies with natural results in heterozygotes for the PKU gene; it was also established that the frequency of stillborns and of the early mortality of newborns was considerably higher among women with LDM. In both these groups the frequency of congenital malformations among the newborns was also relatively high. In women heterozygous for the PKU gene the pathogenic effect was realized only during the first three months of pregnancy, while in women with LDM it was realized through all the period of pregnancy. The heterozygosity of women for MD proved not to be pathogenic for the progeny. Possible mechanisms realizing the effect of heterozygosity of women for the abovementioned recessive genes during pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 1240819 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the breast in women under 30 years of age]. PMID- 1240820 TI - [Exploratory laparotomy as a routine pretherapeutic examination technic in cancer of the cervix]. PMID- 1240821 TI - [Relationship between a "brief menstruation" and the time of conception]. PMID- 1240822 TI - [Obstetrics results without an intensive-care delivery room]. PMID- 1240823 TI - [Significance of FSH and LH plasma levels in female endocrine sterility]. PMID- 1240824 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of endometriosis and stromatosis]. PMID- 1240825 TI - [Induction of ovulation using epimestrol]. PMID- 1240826 TI - [Therapy of ulnar collateral-ligament injury at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb]. AB - We have compared the result of operative treatment with the results of conservative treatment of rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb. We recommend immediate repair. 24 patients were examined: The 11 conservatively treated patients showed an unsatisfactory result as compared with the 13 operated patients, who demonstrated a successful repair with a stable joint and normal painless function. PMID- 1240827 TI - [Determination of sodium and potassium in solutions less than 1 nanoliter, using helium glow photometer]. PMID- 1240828 TI - [Effects of 1, 4-bis-(3-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzoyl oxy)-propyl) perhydro-1, 4 diazepine (dilazep) on the isolated smooth muscles]. AB - The effects of a new coronary vasodilator (dilazep) on isolated intestine, taenia coli, trachea, vas deferens, uter, aorta and coronary arteries were investigated in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. Dilazep showed relaxant effects on isolated smooth muscle in a concentration of 10(-5) 3 X 10(-4) M and non competitive inhibition on contraction induced by agonists (pD'2: 4.405.05). In guinea pig taenia coli, dilazep had a relaxant effect on K-contracture. The effect was qualitatively similar to that of papaverine. In guinea pig taenia coli, dilazep showed a Ca++ antagonistic effect in a concentration as high as 3 X 10(-6)M. The potency was stronger than dipyridamole, NaNO2 and aminophylline and equalled that of papaverine and hexobendine. In guinea pig taenia coli, dilazip potentiated relaxant effects induced by adenosine and adenine nucleotides in a concentration as high as 10(-8)M. The potency was stronger than that of dipyridamole. From these results, it is suggested that the potentiating effect of both adenosine and adenine nucleotides and Ca++ antagonistic effect of dilazep may play an important role in producing the coronary vasodilating effect. PMID- 1240829 TI - [Effects of beta-phenylethylamine derivatives on the central nervous system. (5) Changes in the volume of spontaneous movement in mice with intracerebral administration of tyramine]. AB - Influence of tyramine (Ty) on behavioural changes in mice was studied and the following results obtained: 1) 30 min after Ty (160 mug, i.c.), brain noradrenaline and serotonin levels decreased while dopamine levels increased. 2) When Ty was injected i.c. into isocarboxazide (Iso) pretreated mice, spontaneous motor activity (SMA) measured by photo-cell counters method increased markedly but SMA by wheel cage method decreased. 3) When Ty was injected i.c. into Iso and p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) (400 mg/kg, i.p., daily X 2) pretended mice, SMA measured by photo-cell counters method increased. While, SMA increased from 30 to 90 min after Ty, SMA measured by wheel cage method decreased till 30 min after Ty. 4) When Ty was injected i.c. into Iso and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT) (125 mg/kg, i.p., daily X 2), SMA measured by photo-cell counters method decreased markedly when compared with Iso+saline treated group. When SMA was measured by wheel cage method, a difference between alpha-MPT+Iso-Ty treated group and Iso-saline group was not obtained. 5) When Ty was injected i.c. into p CPA+alpha-MPT+Iso pretreated mice, SMA measured by photo-cell counters method did not show any increase compared with control group. 6) SMA produced by Iso-Ty in mice pretreated with haloperidol was significantly inhibited. A 50% dose of inhibition was seen with 0.3 mg/kg. From our results, it appears that an increase of SMA induced by Iso+Ty as revealed by the photo-cell counters method may be related to brain catecholamines and serotonin while a decrease of SMA in wheel cage method may be related to brain serotonin. PMID- 1240830 TI - [Behavior pharmacology of maprotiline, a new antidepressant]. AB - The effect of maprotiline (N-methyl-9, 10-ethanoanthracene-9 (10H)-propylamine) on animal behavior was investigated in mice and rats and compared with those of amitriptyline and imipramine. Maprotiline inhibited reserpine hypothermia in mice and tetrabenazine ptosis in rats, while it potentiated the effects of methamphetamine, L-DOPA and apomorphine in mice, in a similar manner to that of amitriptyline and imipramine. Maprotiline was more potent than anitriptyline and imipramine in antagonizing haloperidol-induced catalepsy as well as in suppressing muricide induced by either olfactory bulbectomy or delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. Maprotiline potentiated anesthesia induced by thiopental or ether in mice to a lesser degree than did amitriptyline, and failed to counteract the lethal effect of physostigmine or oxotremorine tremor in mice, indicating that this drug has no central anti-cholinergic effect. Maprotiline markedly inhibited hyperemotionality of the rat with either septal lesions or olfactory bulb ablations, suggesting that it does have a tranquilizing effect. Inhibition of conditioned avoidance response of the rat in the shuttle box and reduction of methamphetamine group toxicity with maprotiline were similar to those with amitriptyline. Maprotiline exaggerated pentetrazol convulsion, decreased muscle tone and impaired coordinated motor activity in mice to a much lesser degree than amitriptyline and imipramine. LD50 of maprotiline was approximately twice that of imipramine and three times that of amitriptyline. These results indicate that maprotiline is a new type of antidepressant, has a low toxicity and shares both potent antidepressant and some tranquilizing effect, without possessing central anticholinergic action. PMID- 1240831 TI - [Effects of hyper-and hypothyroidism on central nervous system with special reference to its effects on rectal temperature and brain norepinephrine levels in rats]. AB - Infleunce of hyper-and hypothyroidism on amphetamine activity was observed by measuring the effects on hyperthermia and brain amphetamine and norepinephrine levels. Hyperthyroidism was obtained in rats injected with tri-iodothyronine 0.2 mg/kg i.p. every day for 5 days. Controls were treated with the vehicle 1.0 ml/kg i.p. for the same period. On the 6th day, d-amphetamine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to the two groups of animals and the body temperature and brain amphetamine and norepinephrine contents were measured at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min. Hyperthyroid rats showed a more marked hyperthermia than did the control animals. On the other hand "amphetamine-induced release of norepinephrine" of hyperthyroid rats was not so marked as in the control rats, however amphetamine levels did not differ in the two groups. Hypothyroidism was evident in the thyroidectomized rats. Controls for this group underwent a sham operation. All animals were injected with amphetamine 21 days later. Amphetamine did not cause a hyperthermia in thyroidectomized rats. On the other hand, amphetamine levels were considerably higher than in the control rats, but the degree of norepinephrine release was comparable in the two groups. PMID- 1240832 TI - [Effects of 1-ethyl-4-(2-morpholinoethyl)-3, 3-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride hydrate (doxapram) on the transmural stimulation and reactiontonicotine of the isolated guinea pig heart atrium]. AB - It has been reported that doxapram exhibits a remarkable stimulating effect on respiration in humans and various experimental animals. The present experiment was an attempt to investigate whether or not doxapram inhibits an atrial arrest induced by transmural stimulation and exogenously applied nicotine. Doxapram and dimorpholamine used as comparative agents showed transient and slightly positive responses followed by a negative one in the atrium preparation. Transmural stimulation under a condition of 30 V intensity with 0.3 msec duration at a frequency of 10 Hz for 2 sec caused an atrial arrest for about 3 sec followed by negative chronotropic and inotropic responses, and a positive one. All responses caused by transmural stimulation were hardly affected by pretreatment with doxapram at a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml or less, while dimorpholamine at a high concentration (10(-5)g/ml) showed an inhibition of atrial arrest and following negative responses. Negative chronotropic and inotropic responses caused by an application of nicotine were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with doxapram or dimorpholamine. Both doxapram and dimorpholamine at higher concentrations also inhibited the positive responses of the atrium caused by nicotine. Neither doxapram nor dimorpholamine affected the ACh-induced responses. NA-induced responses were uneffected by pretreatment with doxapram, while the responses were slightly potentiated by dimorpholamine. The action mechanisms of doxapram and dimorpholamine are discussed. PMID- 1240834 TI - [Mortality of premature infants]. AB - Mortality of 908 immature births (newborn infants under 2501 g; stillbirths with crown-heel-lengths 35 cm plus) were studied and compared with a random selection of newborn infants with birth weights of at least 2500 g. Total mortality was 27,75%; 8,7% being stillbirths and 21,2% postnatal deaths; perinatal mortality was 26,98%. In mature groups a perinatal mortality of 0,64% was recorded. 90% of immature infants died within the first 3 days. In 30% of these cases cause of death was unknown, 30% died from immaturity, approx. 16% from apnoe and approx. 6% from cerebral haemorrhage. PMID- 1240833 TI - [Anti-edematous action of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-3-N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl-5 methoxypyrazole (PZ-177)]. AB - From the screening of a number of new pyrazole derivatives, the title compound, PZ-177, was selected as the most significant derivative for analgestic and anti edematous actions, in this paper, we report the anti-edematous activity of PZ-177 as assessed by detailed analysis. PZ-177 showed a markedly inhibitory effect against rat paw edema induced by various phlogists (carragenin, dextran, egg albumin, serotonin, formalin and bradykinin). It also inhibited edema induced by anti-rat rabbit serum. The activity of PZ-177 was more potent than that of mepirizole and the same as that of phenylbutazone. Though this agent has a central depressive effect, it is considered that the action has actually little influence on anti-edematous effect, as carrageenin-induced edema was inhibited in spinal rats. On the other hand, the anti-edematous effect of PZ-177 was reduced significantly in adrenalectomized rats. It is therefore suggested that the potent anti-edematous action of PZ-177 is exerted partially by a direct action at the inflamed site and mediated partially by stimulation of the hypophysis-adrenal system. PMID- 1240835 TI - [Current status of artifical heart valve replacement. Late results, various valve models, valve reconstruction]. PMID- 1240836 TI - [Organic changes and pain after laparoscopic tubal sterilization]. AB - In 100 women who underwent laparoscopic sterilization approximately one year before a follow-up check including gynecological examination, a structurized interview and a "Maudsley Personality Inventory" (MPI) test were performed. 6% complained about algopareunia before the operation which did not disappear afterwards. In 8 patients algopareunia started after the operation, only 2 of them presenting pelvic adhesions at control, whereas 6 patients suffered from psychogenic algopareunia. Neurotic tendency was evidently elevated in all those patients complaining about pelvic pain before and after operation. 6 patients had pelvipathia nervosa, 14 showed organic alterations, but these were not necessarily the reason for the complaints. Laparoscopy revealed pathologic processes e.g. adhesions, pelvic varicosis or adnexitis in 27%, but not more than 11% of these patients with obvious pathology had subjective complaints. These findings underline the fact that pathologic alterations will not necessarily explain pelvic pains and that in most cases psychosomatic factors must be taken into consideration. PMID- 1240837 TI - [Hepatitis B antigen in children with nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240838 TI - [Esophageal carcinoma. A statistical observation of 100 autopsy cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240839 TI - Studies on the host-parasite relationship on tparagonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878). III. Incidence of cercariae related to host sex in the snail, Semisulcospira libertina (Gould, 1859) at different seasons. PMID- 1240840 TI - [Strumal carcinoid of the ovary (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240841 TI - [Some characteristics of so-called infantile hepatitis]. PMID- 1240842 TI - [Diagnosis of biliary atresia]. PMID- 1240843 TI - [Biliary atresia; problems in pediatrics and surgery]. PMID- 1240844 TI - [Biliary tract diseases in infants--surgical methods and prognosis]. PMID- 1240845 TI - [On the intracerebral hematoma --clinical analysis of 105 operated cases-- (author's transl)]. AB - The hematomas occupied between the inner surface of skull and brain surface are well known and the majority of these intracranial hematomas are elicited by head injury. On the other hand, the intracerebral hematomas formed in the brain tissue are produced by the various causative diseases and the majority of these cause are cerebrovascular disease. The causative diseases of intracerebral hematomas were cerebrovascular diseases like hypertension, intracranial aneurysm and cerebral arteriovenous malformation in 65.7% and head injury in 32.4%. The cause of two cases were bleeding from asymptomatic brain tumors and formation of intracerebral hematoma produced initial clinical symptom of these cases. Age distribution of intracerebral hematoma has peculiarity in each causative disease. Hypertensive intracerebral hematomas occurred in patients over 30 years old and intracerebral hematoma due to bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformation was not observed in patient over 50 years old. The frequency of consciousness change as initial symptom of traumatic intracerebral hematome, hypertensive intracerebral hematome, intracerebral hematoma caused by bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformation and bleeding from intracranial aneurysm and spontane intracerebral hematome are 79.4%, 57.1%, 57.1%, 40.0% and 25.0% respectively. Headache as initial symptom are conspicuous in patients of intracerebral hematoma caused by bleeding from intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation, and each frequency were 86.7% and 71.4%. The frequency of motor disturbance as initial symptom was highest in patients of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma and its frequency was 50.0%. Clinical symptoms observed at admission were as follows: Consciousness change in patients of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma and traumatic intracerebral hematoma were 100% but in patients of cerebral arteriovenous malformation and intracranial aneurysm were 64.3% and 60.0%. Consciousness change in patients of spontane intracerebral hematoma were only 50.0%. Motor disturbance as clinical symptom were 85.0% in hypertensive intracerebral hematoma and this frequency was highest in all causative diseases. The frequency of coincidence between the side of dilated pupil under anisocoria and the side of hematoma was less than 50.0% in average and this frequency was marked lower by compared with the frequency in patients of hematome formed between the skull and brain surface. PMID- 1240846 TI - [The difference in cholesterol metabolism by tocopheryl linolate and a mixture of tocopherol and linoleic acid with special reference to biosynthesis, absorption and excretion (author's transl)]. AB - Animal experiments using mice were conducted to determine the difference of cholesterol metabolism, if any, between a group of mice administered with dl alpha-tocopheryl linolate (EL) and another group administered with a mixture of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (E), and ethyllinolate (L) (E+L) that were combined in such a way as to have the same composition as EL. The following results were obtained. 1. While no difference in cholesterol biosynthesis was seen in, in vitro liver homogenate to which agent were added, in liver from animals orally administered with agents in vivo, a decrease in biosynthesis of liver cholesterol in the EL group compared against the E+L group was seen, where-as opposite results were obtained when the agents were injected. 2. Absorption of cholesterol was studied. Cholesterol-4-14C was intubated into the stomach of mice fed with the agents. From the cholesterol radioactivity appearing in blood, it was seen that the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine was higher in the EL group than in the E+L group. At the same time the excretion of the sterol-14C coming from the intubated cholesterol-14C into the feces was considerably higher in the EL group as compared with the E+L group. However, when a mixture of the agents and cholesterol-4-14C was intubated into the stomach of normally fed mice, no differences in absorption was seen and results opposite to the above were seen in the excretion of sterol-14C into the feces. 3. Following cholesterol-4-14C injection, when the mice were fed on agent added feed, the EL group showed an increased excretion of sterol-14C and sterol into feces as compared with the E+L group. 4. Regarding the disappearance of injected cholesterol-4-14C from the tissue, no difference was seen between the EL group and the E+L group, when the agents were injected or fed. 5. With regard to in vivo biosynthesis of fatty acid in the group administered orally with the agents, liver fatty acid biosynthesis showed to decrease in the EL group compared with the E+L group, while opposite results were seen in the injected groups. Based on the above, when viewed from cholesterol metabolism, oral administration of agents in the EL group showed a superior effect as a cholesterol-lowering agents compared against the E+L group and the writer is of the opinion that this may well be used for clinical purposes. PMID- 1240847 TI - [Two cases of the traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, the cases of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm increased due to traffic accidents increasing. We experienced two cases of this type of trauma in short breathing after traffic accidents. The chest roentgenograms on admission revealed multiple fractured ribs, homogenous density in the left thorax and mediastinal shift to the right side with the elevation of the left diaphragm, and the stomach were demonstrated in the left thoracic cavity by the method of nasogastric tube barium study. The transthoracic operation were performed following 7 hours after an accident on the first case. The omentum, splenic flexura of colon, stomach, small bowel, and spleen were herniated to the left thoracic cavity and the spleen was ruptured. The spleen was resected in the same field and the diaphragm rupture was closed with 8 figure stitch sutures. On the second case, also, the transthoracic operation were performed seven days after admission because of misdiagnosis for left hemothorax. Herniated stomach, colon, small bowel, omentum, and spleen were repositioned and diaphragm rupture was closed with 8 figure stitch sutures. Covalescence were smooth and the patients were discharged from the hospital on the 28th post operative days. PMID- 1240848 TI - [Effect of intermittent noise on the function of concentration maintenance (TAF) and the brain waves (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of three different kinds of noise, having equal physical energy but different psychological load, was examined by the TAF-test and the brain waves. Thirty nine healthy male subjects aging from 19 to 34 were exposed to white noise of 80 dB (C) under the following three conditions: (1) continuous noise for ten minutes, (2) regular intermittent noise, consisted of one-minute noise and one minute rest, for 19 minutes, and (3) irregular intermittent noise, consisted of one-minute noise and irregular rest period, for 19 minutes. In each condition, the duration of noise-exposure totals ten minutes. Before, during and after the noise-exposure, the TAF-test was given to the 23 subjects out of 39, and the brain waves were recorded from the rest 16 subjects. The changes of TAF-L and alpha wave appearance were compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1. All three kinds of noise-exposure caused significant lowering of the function of concentration maintenance, especially in the latter half period of the noise administration. 2 Lowering of the function of concentration maintenance due to the irregular intermittent noise-exposure was greater than that due to the regular intermittent noise-exposure. 3. As to the continuous noise-exposure, appearance of the alpha wave decreased significantly in the 9th to 10th minute of noise administration and in the 1st min. after the exposure, while it increased in the 18th to 22nd min. after the exposure. 4. Exposure to the regular intermittent noise resulted in a significant decrease of the alpha wave appearance at the latter half of the noise administration, which continued after the exposure. 5. Exposure to the irregular intermittent noise caused a significant decrease of the alpha wave appearance after the middle period of noise administration. 6. Comparing the regular intermittent noise and irregular one, the latter brought about stronger alpha-blocking during the noise administration, but earlier restoration after the exposure. These results indicate that the influences of noise as a stressor differ not only by the amount of its physical energy but also by the condition of its generation, and that the differences of on-off effect on the brain activities based on regular or irregular intermittent noise were grasped by the changes of the function of concentration maintenance and the alpha wave appearance. PMID- 1240849 TI - [Malignant reticulosis--a case study]. PMID- 1240850 TI - [P.B.C. (primary biliary cirrhosis)--an autopsy case]. PMID- 1240851 TI - [Anterior pituitary hormones--evolutionary implications of the hormone molecule]. PMID- 1240852 TI - [Computer utilization at Hokkaido University Hospital]. PMID- 1240853 TI - [The distribution of the aldolase isoenzymes in various human tissues and the anomaly in cancerous tissues -especially in gastric cancer- (author's transl)]. AB - Three aldolase isoenzymes; aldolase A, B and C were found in various human tissues including gastric mucosa, by means of substrate specificities (the fuctose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase/fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity ratio) and electrophoresis. The basic pattern of aldolase isoenzyme in man consisted of nine active bands, which were designated as I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX band from anode side respectively. The I band corresponded to aldolase C, V to aldolase A and IX to aldolase B. The II, III and IV band are hybrid molecules composed of subunit of aldolase A and C, and the VI, VII and VIII of subunit of aldolase A and B. The V band was present in all tissues, while IX was detected in the liver, kidney and stomach. The I, II, III and IV band were found in all tissues except for muscle. These findings were extremely different from those in other species. In normal gastric mucosa, active bands were composed of I, II, III, IV, V, VIII and IX band, while in gastric cancerous tissue, I, II, III, VIII and IX band were absent or markedly decreased in activity. In contrast, the V band increased. In fetal gastric mucosa, they showed the same pattern as cancerous. In extract of cancerous tissues, the FDP/F1P activity ratio was 20.5+/ 2.2, as compared with 7.2+/-0.1 in normal gastric mucosa. In serum of patients with gastric cancer, the FDP/F1P activity ratio was 9.7+/-1.2, while it was 2.9+/ 0.4 in normal human serum. These results suggest that the elevation in serum of the FDP/F1P ratio in gastric cancer is due to increase in muscle type isoenzyme (aldolase A) which is derived from cancerous tissue. Furthermore, the analysis of serum aldolase isoenzyme will save for cancer diagnosis. PMID- 1240854 TI - Effect of ozone exposure on lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase activity in rat serum. AB - Studies are reported here of relationships of ozone exposure and lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in rat serum. Exposure to low concentrations of ozone (1.1+/-0.27 ppm) for 24 hrs, significantly elevated LCAT activity, while the concentration of free cholesterol in rat serum was little changed during the exposure. In contrast, LCAT activity was decreased by exposure to high concentrations of ozone (2.0-2.5 ppm) for 24 hrs. PMID- 1240856 TI - [Neuroblastoma of the mediastinum in an aged--an autopsy case]. PMID- 1240855 TI - [A study on a possible association between chromosome loss and impairment of mental functioning in the aged (author's transl)]. AB - Chromosome examinations in 40 (16 males and 24 females) aged subjects were compared with those of 30 (15 males and 15 females) young subjects. For the aged, all available data gathered from detailed medical examinations and laboratory findings were reviewed to exclude persons who were classified as with cerebral arteriosclerosis. The diagnosis of organic brain syndrome was based on psychiatric evaluation and the score on the Graham-Kendall Memory-For-Designs test was obtained. These two assesssments have been used as the basis for the comparison between mental functioning and chromosomal changes (aneuploidy). The percentage of peripheral leukocytes which showed loss of one or more chromosomes (hypodiploid cells) was not substantially larger among the aged than among the young men; yet aged men showed a significant loss of G-group chromosomes (including the Y chromosome). By contrast, a significantly higher proportion of hypodiploid cells was for the elderly women when compared with young women. Most of the missing chromosomes belonged to the C-group chromosomes (including the X chromosomes). Further, an excess of hypodiploid cells among the aged females who had organic brain syndrome was confirmed. A similar association was demonstrated between hypodiploidy and the score on the Memory-For-Designs test. For the aged males, however, there was no remarkable relationship between frequency of hypodiploid cells and either diagnosis of organic brain syndrome or Graham Kendall score. Thus, the data provide confirmation for an association between mental status and chromosome loss at least with aged females. Possible explanations were made on the above discrepancy appeared between sexes as well as on biological and genetic factors between mental functioning and chromosomal changes in the process of aging. PMID- 1240857 TI - [Current problems of measles virus]. PMID- 1240858 TI - Inhibitory actions of progesterone on hormonal induction of estrus in female guinea pigs. PMID- 1240860 TI - The role of testosterone in the organization, maintenance and activation of pup killing behavior in the male rat. PMID- 1240859 TI - Androgen-induced aggression in neonatally androgenized female mice: inhibition by progesterone. PMID- 1240861 TI - Facilitation of female sexual behavior in male rats by septal lesions: an interaction with estrogen. PMID- 1240863 TI - Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. PMID- 1240862 TI - DNA replication patterns of human C group chromosomes from fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells revealed by a Giemsa staining technique. PMID- 1240864 TI - Effect of modification of methionine side chains on the interaction properties of collagen. PMID- 1240865 TI - Antigenic cross-reactions between immunoglobulins of some farm animals and man. PMID- 1240866 TI - Adsorption profile of native and irradiated DNA at solid-liquid interface. PMID- 1240867 TI - A non-gestional choriocarcinoma with unusual presentation. PMID- 1240868 TI - Diurnal alteration of glycogen & its metabolite enzymes in rat testis. PMID- 1240869 TI - Strength and aging: an exploratory study. AB - Strength measurements were administered to 52 men ranging in age from 42 to 83 years, who were then randomly assigned within their respective age group to either the Isometric-training Group (ITG) or to the Control-exercise Group (CEG). At the conclusion of a six-week training program all initial measurements were again administered. No significant differences were found in (1) strength trainability by age group, and (2) in strength trainability by muscle group when the upper-extremity-strength ratios were compared with the lower-extremity strength ratios. When the initial and final strength scores of the ITG were subjected to a t test for correlated samples, the findings included: (1) the four age groups of the ITG experienced statistically significant gains in strength for six of the eight strength measurements, and (2) as age increased, strength trainability appeared to decrease. PMID- 1240870 TI - Comparison of reactions to human and armadillo lepromins in leprosy. AB - To assess the usefulness of Mycobacterium leprae-infected armadillo tissue as a substitute for human lepromas for the manufacture of lepromin, we compared skin reactions to preparations from these two sources in 115 leprosy patients. The patient sample represented all the primary clinical forms of leprosy. Lepromin derived from the armadillo (lepromin-A) provoked the same pattern of responses as human derived lepromin (lepromin-H), i.e., lepromatous patients gave the weakest reactions. Lepromin-A reactions were consistently more intense than those to lepromin-H. We conclude that lepromin-A is a promising alternative to lepromin-H and may make the worldwide distribution of a standardized skin testing reagent feasible. PMID- 1240871 TI - Comparison in leprosy patients of Fernandex and Mitsuda reactions using human and armadillo antigens. A double-blind study. AB - The Mitsuda and Fernandez reactions to bacilli prepared from lesions of human patients and bacilli from infected armadillos were studied in 112 leprosy patients. It was observed that there is no substantial difference when armadillo lepromin is used instead of human lepromin except that a larger induration occurs with the use of the armadillo lepromin in a majority of cases. The number of those reporting a burning sensation at the armadillo lepromin injection site was slightly higher in lepromatous patients; whereas the burning sensation was observed at the human lepromin injection site by the tuberculoid cases. With the significant information compiled in this study, it is concluded that lepromin prepared from bacilli obtained from infected armadillos is as effective as that prepared from bacilli obtained from the lesions of leprosy patients. PMID- 1240872 TI - 17-Ketosteroids in leprosy. AB - Urinary 17-ketosteroids were estimated in 29 lepromatous leprosy cases. Correlation between 17-ketosteroid values, histopathologic findings, and serum G.G.P.T. values is discussed. Low values of 17-ketosteroids were associated with definite leproma to liver indicating the value of liver damage to 17 ketosteroids. This was more marked in males than in females. PMID- 1240873 TI - Complement determinations in the synovial fluid and serum of a patient with Erythema nodosum leprosum. AB - Simultaneous serum and synovial fluid CH50, C1, C4, C2, C1 esterase inhibitor and C3 protein were determined in a patient with acute erythema nodosum leprosum. The pattern of synovial fluid complement activity coupled with the demonstration of multiple lepra bacilli free and within histiocytes is more consistent with an infectious than an immune complex induced synovitis. PMID- 1240874 TI - Quantitative, histologic and ultrastructural studies of the index branch of the radial cutaneous nerve in leprosy and its correlation with electrophysiologic study. AB - A correlative study of clinical, electrophysiological, quantitative, histopathologic and ultrastructural changes seen in 13 instances of the index branch of the radial cutaneous nerve was undertaken in leprosy patients. Testing by graded nylon proved to be more reliable than any other conventional clinical tests. The quantitative studies revealed that small-sized fiber loss was encountered in the early stages of nerve involvement in leprosy followed by loss of large-sized fibers with or without increase in small-sized fibers. Segmental dymyelination of small-sized fibers was seen in early stages of degeneration in leprosy nerves irrespective of type of leprosy. Wallerian degeneration was encountered in advanced stages with total destruction of the nerves. At the ultrastructural level clinically normal nerves of leprosy patients (LN series) showed minimal but significant changes, such as thickening of the basement membrane of perineurial cells, as well as an increase in the amount of collagen between the perineurial layers. Marked increases in the amount of endoneurial collagen were noticed. Axons devoid of myelin, probably demyelinated fibers, were occasionally observed. Slight proliferation of the basement membrane of the endothelial cells was also observed. These changes were of a more advanced nature in the clinically involved cases of leprosy (L series). Two BL types of cases from the L series, showed presence of M. leprae in Schwann cell cytoplasm of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, perineurial cells, in endothelial cells and macrophages. In cases having impaired sensory modalities (L series), thickening of the perineurium was due to increase in the number of layers of perineurial cells in addition to the increase in collagen. Probably one of the ways in which unmyelinated fibers degenerate is by splitting the Schwann cell columns and extrusion of the axons. Collagen pockets were seen in the LN series of cases. These are probably the degenerated nonmyelinated fibers being replaced by collagen fibrils. Postoperative clinical charting was done on the patient whose IRC nerves were removed. It showed complete restoration of all modalities of sensation in the area of its distribution by the end of three months. PMID- 1240875 TI - Absence of an antibiotic effect of Mycobacterium ulcerans. AB - Fractions of Mycobacterium ulcerans were tested for the ability to inhibit growth of 39 bacterial strains. At protein concentrations of up to 280 mg/ml, there was no detectable effect on the growth of any of these bacterial strains. PMID- 1240876 TI - In loco parentis: the child model of psychiatry, a critique. AB - I have attempted to show that much of psychiatric treatment now and in the last two centuries has been conceptualized and practiced along the lines of a child model. In my discussion of what I consider the inappropriate use of this model I have suggested that it obscures certain fundamental legal, moral and ethical questions involved in the practice of psychiatry. Because psychiatry is still a relatively young science, and still very much involved in the process of determining its relation to the people it seeks to serve, we must be ever alert to the consequences, intended or unintended, of using a particular model. An we must do this in the contex of our professional and cultural history. PMID- 1240877 TI - The state mental hospital in transition. Illinois state mental hospitals decentralize. AB - In this paper, we have looked at mental hospital decentralization as it has developed in the thirteen State of Illinois mental hospitals as of June 30, 1967. The hospitals were looked at from the most centralized to the most decentralized. This was done by relating the hospitals to five descriptive model types, described at greater length elsewhere. Hospital decentralization is portrayed as a complex and highly idiosyncratic process. Attempts to place specific hospitals at point along the decentralization continuum are thus tentative and clear rules for classifying stages of decentralization have yet to be formulated. Complicating the picture still further is that hospitals in transition change rapidly and may at even intervals of a month show dramatic change. It is expected that the trend implied is stable, however, and that ultimately all Illinois state mental hospital with possible exception of ISPI and Illinois Security Hospital, will be located at the decentralized model. This is seen as necessary if they are to survive as viable treatment institutions. PMID- 1240878 TI - Patients discharged against medical advice from a lock-and-key psychiatric institution. AB - Over half of patients discharged a.m.a. from the psychiatric department of the Neuro-Psychiatric clinic in Sarajevo leave within the first two weeks of hospitalization. Over the same period only 8% of patients leave the department w.m.a. On the average patients discharged a.m.a. belong to the age group younger than patients discharged w.m.a. This difference is less marked when a correction is made by diagnostic groups. In a significantly greater number of cases patients discharged a.m.a. are of a higher educational level than patients discharged w.m.a. (p less than .0001). 2. In patients discharged a.m.a. personality disturbances and tentamen suicidii are diagnosed in significantly greater number of cases (p less than .0001 and p less than .0001) than in the patients discharged w.m.a. A comparison of patients in the experimental group (a.m.a.) with patients in the control group (w.m.a.) from the aspect of factors stimulating or initiating discharges a.m.a. has shown that for patients leaving a.m.a. the situation of the closed psychiatric ward is more trying and that it causes in them a concealed or open revolt. 3. The declared motives of discharges a.m.a. have confirmed the above finding. 4. No difference has been established as to the number of readmissions and the adjustment level between patients discharged w.m.a. and those discharged a.m.a. PMID- 1240879 TI - Development of the index of medical underservice. AB - A mathematical model was developed to predict experts' relative assessments of scarcity of personal health services. This model provides, quickly and inexpensively, estimates of the relative assessments experts would make of any area in the country, in the form of an Index of Medical Underservice. The index is being used by the Bureau of Community Health Services in the preliminary designation of medically underserved areas for the federal HMO program. PMID- 1240880 TI - [Facial Palsy: lack of electrical nerve excitability in the presence of physiological nerve function (author's transl)]. AB - In facial palsy, return of mimetic movement can be preceded or accompanied by temporary pathologic decrease or absence of nerve excitability. Fifteen patients are reported in whom electromyography was able to determine reversibility of nerve lesion and prevent unnecessary nerve decompression. PMID- 1240881 TI - The use of intravenous isoproterenol in the treatment of status asthmaticus. AB - The use of intravenous isoproterenol in nineteen children with status asthmaticus who did not respond to standard anti-asthmatic therapy is reported. Six of the fourteen patients who responded favorably had normal blood gases within six hours ten within twelve hours and twelve within eighteen hours; all fourteen of the patients who responded favorably had normal blood gases within twenty-two hours after the drug was begun. Clinically, eleven of the fourteen patients who responded favorably showed improvement in respiratory distress within twelve hours of the institution of therapy. All patients who responded favorably showed some improvement within twenty-eight hours of treatment. There were five treatment failures; two were due to cardiovascular toxicity of isoproterenol, and three to progression in symptomatology that necessitated continuous ventilation with respirators. PMID- 1240882 TI - [Villous tumors of the rectum. Apropos of 30 cases]. AB - Although high localisations of villous tumours may be treated by wide removal, which alone guarantees cure without risk of relapse, the use of such an operation in low villous tumours is less obvious owing to the mutilation which may result. Local removal of small volume tumours by the anal route, by the trans-sacral route when they are larger or more broadly implanted, is preferred by us in rectal localisations, i.e. each villous tumour should be treated taking into consideration all its characteristics. PMID- 1240883 TI - [Vesico-uterine fistulae]. AB - The authors are reporting 3 cases of uteravesical fistula due to cesarean section or difficult childbirth. They underline rarity of those complications and present a general review of 103 cases. Clinical aspect depends on the kind of the fistula : there may be either pseudo-incontinence, or hematuria-amenorrhea-continence, or a mixed syndrome. Diagnosis is essentially based on radiology examination and operative treatment always gives complete satisfaction. PMID- 1240884 TI - [Diagnosis of pregnancy before the menstrual period is delayed. Interest of the determination of plasma chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in fertility disorders]. AB - Estimating plasma HCG levels in the last days of the menstrual cycle have very early diagnosis of pregnancy. In 86 cycles occurring in 65 women being treated for sterility the levels were estimated between the 10th and the 15th day following the low point in the temperature curve for the purpose of trying to estimate the practical use of this method. In 30 cycles studied one case of fertilisation took place and was confirmed by the evolution of a pregnancy. From the 11th day onwards with the exception of one solitary case the concentrations of HCG ranged between 15 and 405 mUl-2 degrees-IS-hCC/ml. These levels, therefore are higher than the apparent concentrations found in a group of women used as controls who were not pregnant (0 to 4.5 mUl/ml.). In 56 other cycles apparently normal periods followed on the expected date. All the same, the apparent concentration of HCG (2 to 32 mUl/ml) is far higher often than in the control group. The interference of LH in the level makes it impossible to decide between two hypotheses: whether raised levels of LH are associated with irregular menstrual function or with fertilisation, followed by premature expulsion of the oocyte. PMID- 1240885 TI - [Congenital syphilis. Apropos of 3 cases with early neonatal manifestations]. AB - Three patients with early congenital syphilis are described. A slight degree of prematurity was a common feature. Symptomatology consisted in a combination of various lesions of the skin, bones, respiratory and nervous systems. Despite prompt initiation of therapy with penicillin, one patient died a few hours after birth. Another patient's death was attributed to a secondary Klebsiella overinfection. This demonstrates the severity of the syphilitic injury for the newborn infant when it manifests itself at birth. PMID- 1240886 TI - [Mechanism of development of the prolapsing aortic valve and aortic insufficency associated with ventricular septal defect. 2. Angiocardiographic considerations]. PMID- 1240887 TI - [Clinical use of Carpentier's ring in combined valvular diseases]. PMID- 1240888 TI - [Experimental study of acute myocardial infarctectomy]. PMID- 1240889 TI - [Experimental study on reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract using a valve-retaining pulmonary arterial homograft]. PMID- 1240890 TI - [Follow-up study of the result of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 1240891 TI - [Surgical procedure in mitral stenosis-with special reference to clinical evaluation of open mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 1240892 TI - [Comparative study of various Starr-Edward's ball type valve prostheses in mitral valve diseases]. PMID- 1240894 TI - [Effect of pulsatile blood flow on peripheral circulation]. PMID- 1240893 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanism of distribution of pulmonary circulation in endotoxin shock]. PMID- 1240895 TI - [Terminology and classification of so-called 2-chambered right ventricle- proposal of a new term, right ventricular inflow stenosis]. PMID- 1240896 TI - [Surgical significance of the left ventricular volume in acquired valvular diseases]. PMID- 1240897 TI - [Myocardial stimulation thresholds in the follow-up period after pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 1240898 TI - [Aberrant right subclavian artery associated with ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1240899 TI - [Surgical treatment of systemic atrioventricular valve insufficiency in corrected transposition]. PMID- 1240900 TI - [Clinical application of assisted circulation in acute heart and respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1240902 TI - [Study of hemodynamics in Ebstein's anomaly]. PMID- 1240901 TI - [Surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome associated with mitral stenosis]. PMID- 1240903 TI - [Index of gas exchange capacity of the artificial lung]. PMID- 1240904 TI - [Effects by intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and regional coronary circulation in normal dogs]. PMID- 1240906 TI - [Study of pancreatic exocrine function during extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery- with special reference to hyperamylasemia and hyperamylasuria]. PMID- 1240905 TI - [Lung scintiscanning in congenital heart diseases with pulmonary hypertension with special reference to its relationship to surgical indication]. PMID- 1240907 TI - [2 cases of long-standing intrabronchial foreign body]. PMID- 1240908 TI - [Leiomyoma of the brochus: report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 1240910 TI - [Scintigraphic study of radiation effect on parametrium infiltration of cervical cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240909 TI - [Carboxypeptidases from the exocarp of mandarin orange (Citrus Unshiu Marc.). I. Purification and properties of two carboxypeptidases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240911 TI - [Comparative statistical research of the gastric cancer in the patients less than thirty years of age and thirty to thirty nine years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240912 TI - [A study of the pathogenesis of isolated IgA deficiency: demonstration of three cases of acquired isolated IgA deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240913 TI - [A morphological study on the coronary ostia and clinicopathological analysis of their atherosclerotic narrowing (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240914 TI - [A case of Gardner's syndrome with bilateral epididymis tumors, nasal polyp, bone anomalies and mental deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240915 TI - [Report of a case of hypothalamic tumor associated with hypernatremia and periodic paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240917 TI - [A case of probable primary shunt hyperbilirubinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240916 TI - [A case of familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240918 TI - [The carbon dioxide laser surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240919 TI - [Function of the laryngeal muscles on the position and shape of the vocal cord (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240920 TI - [The clinical studies on the olfactory test using standard odorous substances. The change of olfactory acuity due to ageing (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240921 TI - [A case of so-called epignathus with complete cleft palate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240922 TI - [Anatomy and diagnosis of temporal bone by tomography]. PMID- 1240923 TI - [Studies on the prediction of shelf life. I. Prediction with an analog computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240924 TI - [A new method for the detection of cystine. I. A new color reaction of cystine and its mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240925 TI - [Studies on heterocyclic compounds. III. Synthesis of 2-(2,6 dichlorobenzylidenehydrazino)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine hydrochloride and its related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240926 TI - [Studies on the constituents of flowers. V. On the components of flower of Pueraria thunbergiana benth. (2). Isolation of a new isoflavone glycoside (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240927 TI - [Micelle formations of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium 2-sulfonatosuccinate (Aerosol OT) and its lithium or potassium substituted salt in water (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240928 TI - [Consecutive determination of vitamins K by means of the reaction with thioglycolic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240929 TI - [Synthesis of 4-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives by phenolic cyclization (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. CDXLIII) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240930 TI - [A new method for the local irritation test. I. Tissue regeneration test for intramuscular acetic acid injection (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240931 TI - [The digital method of peak analysis of many component ultraviolet absorption bands (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240932 TI - [Studies on the essential oil of Asarum caulescens. III.(author's transl)]. PMID- 1240933 TI - [Cohesion of particulate solids. V. Compressive stress by tapping impacts and compressivility of the medicinal powder (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240934 TI - [Studies on nitrofuran derivatives. IX. Reactions of 5-nitro-2-furoyl isothiocyanate and 5-nitro-2-thiofuroyl isocyanate with beta-aminocrotonates (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240935 TI - [Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Shoma". III. Triterpene glycosides from Cimicifuga japonica and structure of 25-anhydrocimigenol arabinoside (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240936 TI - [Non-dialyzable beta-glucuronidase inhibitor in guinea-pig urine. III. Its composition (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240937 TI - [Studies on the prediction of shelf life. II. Prediction with a digital computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240938 TI - [Studies on fungal products. II. Amino acids in some species of Polyporaceae (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240939 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon callus cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240940 TI - [Studies on the constituents of fruits of Paederia chinensis Hance. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240941 TI - [Studies on constituents of medicinal plants. XV. The constituents of the bark and wood of Wisteria floribunda DC (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240942 TI - [Reduction of cyclic carboxylic anhydrides with sodium borohydride (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240943 TI - [On the cyclization reaction of sulfur-containing phenethylamine compounds. III. Rearrangemental cyclization of N-(phenylthiomethyl) benzamides by the Bischler Napieralski reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240944 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Corydalis sps. XII. Reaction of dihydroprotoberberine type enamine with formaldehyde (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240945 TI - [Decomposition and stabilization of drugs. XIII. Structure and stability of aminoalkylesters (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240946 TI - [Reaction of trialkylborane. III. Reaction of trialkylborane with carbonyl compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240948 TI - [Artificial climate laboratory for stability studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240947 TI - [Studies on heterocyclic compounds. XXVIII. Synthesis of 5-(3-pyridyl)- and 5-(3 quinolyl) furfural derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240949 TI - [Studies on quinolizine derivatives. XIV. Synthesis of azacycl(3,3,3)azine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240950 TI - [On Semmler-Wolff reaction of oximes of some alpha,beta-unsaturated six-membered cyclic ketones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240951 TI - [A selective method for the detection of phenylpyruvic acid in urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240952 TI - [Reaction of 2'-bromomethyl-2-biphenylcarbaldehyde with sodium cyanide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240953 TI - [Quantitative analysis of dammarane type saponins of ginseng and its application to the evaluation of the commercial Ginseng tea and Ginseng extract (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240954 TI - [Consitutents of Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. II. Ellagitannins. (1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240955 TI - [Analysis of pharmaceutical preparations using infrared diffuse reflection. I. Identification of components (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240956 TI - [Studies of the preparation and physical properties of multivalent metal condensed phosphates. VIII. Preparation of titanium phosphates and their acidic properties (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240957 TI - [Inhibitory effect of aminobenzoic acid derivatives on hemolytic reaction in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240958 TI - [A new colorimetric method of determination of 0,0-dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate in insecticidal preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240959 TI - [Syntheses of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. XXII. Syntheses of pyridonaphthyridines by improved one-step process (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240960 TI - [Reactions of 1,2-diaminopyridinium salt with alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240961 TI - [Studies on the cultivation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Determination of stevioside. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240962 TI - [Color reaction of hemin with pyridine-acetic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240963 TI - [Quantitative analysis of stevioside (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240964 TI - [Synthesis of 3-ethyloxindole derivatives and on the reactivity of the amide function (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240965 TI - [Odorous compounds in raw water of water supplies: identification of camphor and p-methylacetophenone (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240966 TI - [Further comments on a report of solution properties of dextran (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240967 TI - [Unusual aetiology of a case of Pierre-Marie disease (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy which was unusual by virtue of the young age of the patient, the particularly marked development of the adjacent periosteum and, above all, the rare aetiology noted: a carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1240968 TI - Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis infestations) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park. AB - In Africa trichinosis is essentially a disease of wild carnivores. Once established in a suilline cycle it becomes a more important threat to man. The results of tests on 8,000 specimens of 20 wildlife species in the Kruger National Park are discussed and the epizootiology of trichinosis in South Africa is briefly reviewed. The first case of trichinosis in an African civet, Viverra civetta Schreber, 1776, is reported. The confirmed absence of trichinosis in true herbivores is of practical significance in view of the increasing utilization of game meat as food. PMID- 1240969 TI - Causes of variation of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and magnesium levels in bovine livers. 3. The effects of locality. AB - The effects of locality on the copper, iron, manganese, zinc and magnesium levels in 407 bovine caudate lobe liver samples preserved in formalin for differing storage periods were examined. The mineral determinations, expressed on the wet basis (WB), were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet ashing of the liver. Two hundred and ten of the liver samples were from cattle from one farm (Farm 1) the remaining 197 cattle being from another farm (Farm 2). The copper, iron and magnesium levels were taken as indicative of the hepatic concentrations at slaughter. Locality had a significant effect (P less than 0,05) on the copper, iron and magnesium levels. All copper levels on Farm 1 fell well below the accepted minimum (33,0 mg/kg). The deficiency appeared to be secondary with the possible implication of sewage effluent. In terms of biological variation the different iron levels appeared of minor importance and no inverse relationship was found between iron and copper. The manganese and zinc levels were interpreted with caution due to the significant differences reported in their hepatic concentrations after six months of storage in formalin. Extremely high zinc levels in individual animals could have been associated with sewage effluent. PMID- 1240970 TI - The efficacy of cambendazole against cestode infestations in lambs. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of cambendazole dosed orally at 20 mg/kg live mass was determined against naturally acquired cestode infestations in lambs. The anthelmintic was completely effective against both Moniezia spp. and Avitellina centripunctata. Difficulties in ascertaining the presence of infestations with the latter species in the living animal are discussed. PMID- 1240971 TI - X-linked mental retardation associated with macro-orchidism. AB - Two families are described with an X-linked form of mental retardation in whom the affected males were found to have bilateral enlargement of the testes. No conclusive evidence of any endocrinological disturbance was found. PMID- 1240972 TI - 45,X Turner's syndrome in monozygotic twin sisters. AB - A 7-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital for anaemia, secondary to intestinal blood los (melaena). She was found to have 45,X Turner's syndrome. Her identical twin sister also had Turner's syndrome with a 45,X chromosome complement. According to various criteria the probability of monozygosity was 0.9905. Although the incidence of twinning is greater than usual in families of patients with Turner's syndrome, affected cases have only been observed in twin sisters on six occasions. It seems therefore that the 45,X chromosome complement itself is not a factor predisposing to twinning, but that in some families, a factor is at play, which cuases either twinning or the 45,X aneuploidy, or both. PMID- 1240973 TI - Distal brachyphalangy of the thumb in mental retardation. AB - Distal brachyphalangy (DBP) of the thumbs is a hereditary autosomal anomaly found in 1 to 1.5% of whites and in less than 1% of blacks. It was found in 26 of 852 mentally retarded patients in the present study; a frequency of over 3%. The male:female ratio was 70:30. There was bilateral DBP IN 69.5% and unilateral DBP on the right hand in 19% and on the left in 11.5%. The 26 cases (100%) showed a subsyndromic aggregate of distal brachyphalangy of the thumb (DBT), short stature and mental retardation, 19 of them presented an abnormal head and 17 presented abnormal feet (nine of them also had convulsions). Six cases are discussed in detail; it is suggested that they belong to particular clinical categories. In addition to gene abnormalities (which is the most likely cause) a possible explanation of the aetiological factors could be found in some sort of anomaly of the hypopituitary-hypothalmic area, since in the five cases where it was investigated, the sella turcica was small in four cases and large in one. Almost all known syndromes of which the subsyndrome discussed here is a part also shown abnormal skulls, and this may add to the aetiology. PMID- 1240974 TI - [Grawitz tumour in children (author's transl)]. AB - A Grawitz tumour was discovered in a five year old boy. Nephrectomy was performed. The child died four years later in the course of a metastatic generalization. The clinical diagnosis was oriented by haematuria and radiographs which disclosed a calcified tumour at the lower pole of the right kidney. The diagnosis was substantiated by biopsy and morbid anatomy. PMID- 1240975 TI - [Epidermoid cyst, a benign tumor of the testes. Concerning 2 cases (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to two cases of epidermoid cyst of the testes, it is recalled that testicular tumors are rarely benign (3% of cases); among these the epidermoid cyst remains exceptional. This tumor is always benign, with no degenerative potential, as long as it exists in the pure form. Only the histological examination permits one to affirm that it is an isolated epidermoid cyst without any other teratomatous constituent. Simple orchidectomy is the treatment of choice for this tumor. PMID- 1240976 TI - [Bifid ureter ending blindly at one of its upper ends. 4 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In childhood, the bifid ureter ending blindly at one of its upper ends is the most frequent type of "ureteral diverticulum". Four cases are described: two were diagnosed because of urinary infection, the two others were part of a more complex urinary anomaly. When such a lesion is found, it seems logical to remove the pouch where the ruine refluxes and stagnates. It is a relatively benign operation and the result usually is good. PMID- 1240977 TI - [Action to be taken in traumatic rupture of the urethra in boys (4 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - On the occasion of four cases, the authors studied the problems posed by traumatic rupture of the urethra in boys. They draw a very clear distinction between fresh rupture where the urethral lesions are only one of the elements of multiple trauma. The clinical picture and the I.V.P. form the basis for the diagnosis, and the indwelling catheter when it can be placed in position remains a valid mode of treatment. At the stage where complications have arisen, a clinical as well as a radiological check-up is indispensable before taking any decision. If action must be taken, suture-resection seems to be the best solution. PMID- 1240978 TI - Studies on pathophysiological significance of sympathetic activity in myocardial infarction. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiological significance of the sympathetic hyperactivity in the acute stage of myocardial infarction, the author observed changes in the urinary excretion of CA, the CA content in the myocardium and the hemodynamics in both clinical and experimental myocardial infarction, and the following were found: 1) In clinical myocardial infarction, the urinary excretion of CA was markedly increased immediately after an attack, and the assay of myocardial specimens form the autopsied patients of acute myocardial infarction revealed that the CA content in the non-infarcted area was lower than that in the infarcted area. 2) In the experiments on rabbits with ligated coronary artery, the increase in cardiac contractility and rise in blood pressure in response to CA was supressed after the ligation of coronary artery. In the early stage of experimental myocardial infarction, the decrease of myocardial CA content in the non-infarcted area was, as in autopsied patients, predominant over the decrease of that in the infarcted area. In the chronic stage (more than one week after the coronary ligation), the CA content in the infarcted area showed further decrease, but in the non-infarcted area it was recovered to the level in the control animals. The uptake of exogenous NA into the non-infarcted area decreased in the acute stage, and in the infarcted area it showed marked decreased in the chronic stage. The urinary excretion of CA was increased in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. 3) The administration of betamethasone suppressed the decrease in the CA content in the myocardium following the ligation of coronary artery. Based on these findings, the author came to a postulation that the sympathetic hyperactivity which is suggested by increased urinary excretion of CA and decreased CA content in the myocardium results from the reasonable biophylactic reaction so as to supplement the cardiac hypofunction derived from myocardial infarction. PMID- 1240979 TI - [Relationship between coagulation studies and histological findings in liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240980 TI - [Clincal study on serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations in patients with malignant lymphoma with special reference to Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240981 TI - [A case of disseminated eosinophilic collagen disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240982 TI - [A family of cyclic neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240983 TI - [Pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow dysfunction (Shwachman syndrome)- report of a case with decreased in vitro colony formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240984 TI - [Pancytopenia with fever and hepatosplenomegaly]. PMID- 1240985 TI - [Significance of clinical biochemistry in the diagnosis of leukemia]. PMID- 1240986 TI - [Clinical significance of HB antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240987 TI - [Obstructive lipoprotein (LP-X) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240988 TI - [IgE (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240989 TI - [Rapid turnover serum protein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240990 TI - [Retinol-binding protein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240991 TI - [Management of the emergency laboratory tests, its former results and the present problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240992 TI - [Evening and weekend coverages in clinical laboratories (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240993 TI - [Some problems on the computerized system of clinical laboratory and data management (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240994 TI - [Management and operation of central clinical laboratory--opinion from internal medicine side (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240995 TI - [The present condition and problems of the handling of the patients in emergency in the neurosurgery clinic. With special reference to relationship with the central clinical laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240996 TI - [Detection of some carbohydrates in urine by the thin-layer chromatography: the consideration of a routine laboratory examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240997 TI - [Studies on Acinetobacter anitratus isolated from clinical specimens. II. Biological properties, drug sensitivities of isolated strains (author's transl)]. PMID- 1240998 TI - Studies on microbial synthesis and decomposition of organomercury compounds. PMID- 1240999 TI - [Daily variation of number of deaths and meterological conditions (observations in summer and in winter)]. PMID- 1241000 TI - Ultrastructural localization of heavy metals in the rat liver and kidney following their chronic overloading. PMID- 1241001 TI - [The investigation of fever-producing substances and removal of pyrogen (I) (the investigation of temperature rising pattern and amoebocyte lysate test) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241002 TI - [Citizens' movement against environmental disruption caused by the rouge producing factory at a rural district (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241003 TI - Sensory irritation of the upper respiratory tract by sulfur dioxide. PMID- 1241004 TI - [Polonium 210 excreted in urine of the workers in a uranium mine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241005 TI - [Accumulation and transportation of methylmercury through the food chain reproduced in the model stream and its comparison to direct uptake from the water (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241006 TI - Cytogenetic effect of food dyes on cultured human cells. PMID- 1241007 TI - [AMHTS, automated multiphasic health testing and services]. PMID- 1241008 TI - [Cluster analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1241009 TI - [Studies of contours of the heart and thorax silhouettes]. PMID- 1241010 TI - [Analysis of traffic at AMHTS (automated multiphasic health testing and services) centers]. PMID- 1241011 TI - [Fluid dynamics in medicine]. PMID- 1241013 TI - [Analysis of various factors related to capability of a medical record processing system]. PMID- 1241012 TI - [Evaluation of the theory of cardiac output computation based on impedance plethysmography]. PMID- 1241014 TI - [Examination of the software for monitoring of arrhythmia]. PMID- 1241015 TI - [Volume of the epidermal stratum corneum stripped with adhesive tape]. PMID- 1241016 TI - [Applicability of medical information codes in medium-sized general hospitals]. PMID- 1241017 TI - [Properties of biomaterials. (3) Thermal properties]. PMID- 1241019 TI - [Assessment of medical electronics]. PMID- 1241018 TI - [Recent trend in clinical tests in the United States]. PMID- 1241020 TI - [Ultrastructure and histocytochemistry of the epithelium of the proximal kidney tubules in ischemic kidney]. PMID- 1241021 TI - [Relationship between renogram, various renal function tests and histological findings]. PMID- 1241022 TI - [Studies on renin secretion--plasma renin releasing factor in hemorrhagic hypotension in bilaterally nephrectomized dogs]. PMID- 1241023 TI - [Immunohistological approach in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1241024 TI - [Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Physiopathology and treatment in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241025 TI - [Clinicopathological picture of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1241026 TI - [Management of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in internal medicine]. PMID- 1241027 TI - [Clinical application of 4000 hole Di/Con diverging collimator of our design for bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-diphosphonate]. PMID- 1241028 TI - [Estimation of the internal radiation dosage on the general population exposed to patients under radioisotope treatment and computation of their maximum perimissible exposure level]. PMID- 1241029 TI - [Serum digoxin determination with I125 radioimmunoassay kit (PEG method)]. PMID- 1241030 TI - [Experimental studies on radioimmunoassay of gastrin--comparison between double antibody technic using Wilson's anti-gastrin serum and gastrin kit method (Dainabot)]. PMID- 1241031 TI - [Serum cortisol determination with competitive protein binding analysis kit using Se75-cortisol]. PMID- 1241032 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy using Tc99m-(Sn) diphosphonate]. PMID- 1241033 TI - [The effects of actinomycin D on the brain RNA synthesis and on the passive avoidance latency in the goldfish (author's transl)]. AB - (a) Intracranial injection of actinomycin D (2 mug/10 mul/fish) inhibited about 70% of the goldfish brain RNA synthesis from 3 hours to 4 days later. (b) The goldfish injected actinomycin D intracranially was given the passive avoidance training. Intraday-acquisition (short-term memory) was not blocked but interday retention (long-term memory) was markedly blocked. It might suggest that the brain RNA synthesis is not related to short-term memory but is necessary for long term memory. PMID- 1241034 TI - [Relationship between infraslow wave of ear plethysmogram and psychic tension--in comparison with skin potential reflex and heart rate (author's transl)]. AB - An infraslow wave (ISP), with the cycle of 7-12 sec period, was observed in the plethysmogram on the ear, but was not observed on the finger or forehead. The purpose of this study was to examine whether ISP could be a new physiological indicator of psychic tension or not, by comparing it with the heart rate (HR) and skin potential reflex (SPR). In Exp. I, ISP, HR, and SPR were recorded during paired-associate learning. In Exp. II, those measures were monitered under 3 different levels of motivation: Task-orientation, ego-orientation, and punishment. ISP, HR, and SPR were shown to be reliable physiological indicators of psychic tension. It was suggested that those measures are related to different aspects of psychic tension. PMID- 1241035 TI - [The effects of feedback signal and model signal on heart rate changes (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt was made to modify heart rate by presenting the Ss: E1-visual feedback and model signals, E2-feedback signals, E3-model signals, or C-no signals as a control group (6 Ss in each group). Model signal was a weak light which flickered at the rate of 20% above or below the pre-stimulus base IBI. All groups were required to either raise or lower HR alternately and E1 group was instructed to synchronize the feedback signal with the model signal. Significant bidirectional HR changes were found in 3 experimental groups and most effective changes were obtained in E1 group. In the second study, extended training to one S with E1 condition resulted in HR increases of 16 bpm and decreases of 9 bpm. PMID- 1241036 TI - [Effects of a sodium pump inhibitor on skin potential activity in human sweat glands (author's transl)]. AB - To examine the effect of the ductal reabsorption of sodium in the sweat gland of the measured skin potential level (SPL) and skin potential reflex (SPR), an inhibitor of the sodium pump, G-strophanthin was injected into the subcutaneous tissue in humans. A sharp reduction of SPL in negativity was obtained just after the injection, while there was no observable change in SPR waveform compared with the non-treated concurrent control if the reflex amplitude was ignored. It is indicated that the sodium pump theory can not sufficiently account for the production of positive component of SPR. It is also suggested that there may be not so strict association between SPL and SPR waveform as was argued previously. PMID- 1241037 TI - [Introduction of pulmonary scintigraphy using 133Xe]. PMID- 1241038 TI - [Reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation in a conscious man]. PMID- 1241039 TI - [Carbon dioxide buffering capacity of the blood-its effect on cardiac output]. PMID- 1241040 TI - [Carbon dioxide transport in the gas phase of the lung]. PMID- 1241041 TI - [Model respiratory system controlled by carbon dioxide]. PMID- 1241042 TI - [Problems concerning carbon dioxide]. PMID- 1241043 TI - [Clouding of consciousness in pulmonary insufficiency]. PMID- 1241044 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency among chronic workers - relationship between chrome compounds and the rate of occurrence]. PMID- 1241045 TI - [Bilateral hilar lymph-node sarcoidosis associated with prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet]. PMID- 1241046 TI - [Varicella-zoster pneumonia--an adult case occuring in the course of Hodgkin's disease following herpes zoster (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241047 TI - [Reflections on a "haiku"]. PMID- 1241048 TI - [Clinical studies on bronchiectasis in children with special reference to prognosis]. PMID- 1241049 TI - [Case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia associated with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 1241050 TI - [Bronchiectasis in identical twins]. PMID- 1241051 TI - [Metabolism and effects of vasoactive substances in the lung. 6) Activation and inhibition of angiotensin I in the isolated and perfused guinea-pig lung]. PMID- 1241052 TI - [Budgerigar breeder's disease--a case report]. PMID- 1241053 TI - [A case of lymphangioma originated from the superior mid-mediastinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241054 TI - [Studies on testicular function. Report 5. Electron microscopic studies on the changes of the peritubular wall of the human seminiferous tubules in hypospermatogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241055 TI - [Studies on testicular function. Report 6. Electron microscopic studies (Lanthanum-tracer and Freeze-etching method) on the blood-testis barrier in human testis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241056 TI - [Closed drainage system (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241057 TI - [Cystine calculi disease: with reports of our ten cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241058 TI - [Varicocele as a symptom in renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241059 TI - Detection and confirmation of toxoplasma oocysts in the soil. PMID- 1241060 TI - Fine structure of the multiple sperm syncytium in the boar testes. PMID- 1241061 TI - Studies on blood coagulation disorders in domestic animals. Thrombelastograms of normal cattle and cattle affected with bracken poisoning. PMID- 1241062 TI - Immunologic response of guinea pigs to infection with Angiostronglyus cantonensis. PMID- 1241063 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations on the lymph vascular systems in the hamster testes. PMID- 1241064 TI - Developmental processes of omasal motility in calves. PMID- 1241065 TI - Transfer of ingesta in the omasum of calves. PMID- 1241066 TI - Dyschondroplasia in a dog. PMID- 1241068 TI - Athletics and cardiovascular health. AB - The heart includes systolic and diastolic components. The immediate effects of physical activity include increased sympathetic nervous and related hormonal activity; increased heart rate, contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac output. The time for systole and diastole are reduced, with relatively more work per beat. Light activity prior to the following strenuous exertion enhances performance, safety, and recovery. Children, women, and men show similar responses to activity: acute stress, with long-term improvements in cardiovsacular function. There is no cardiovascular reason for restricting activity for children or women. Mental and/or emotional stressors cause similar stress reactions, without the potential long-range benefits of regular physical activity. Athletics is viewed as an optional part of a lifetime of regular, vigorous activity, and as such can make a contribution to one's cardiovascular fitness. From this viewpoint, there is no need to put one in the stressful athletic situation until adequate pre-conditioning has taken place. Neither is there a place for inactive promoters of athletics for its own sake. PMID- 1241067 TI - Effect of propranolol and prindolol on renin secretion in normal supine man. AB - To investigate the effect of propranolol and prindolol on renin secretion plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined overnight at short-time intervals in 10 sodium-restricted normal supine subjects. 4 of them were on a 4-days medication with propranolol, 3 were rreated with prindolol and 3 were used as control group. In normal controls renin was secreted episodically and showed characteristic night-day variations. Both in propranolol and in prindolol-treated subjects secretory episodes in renin secretion either did not occur or were less frequent than in normal controls. With one exception night-day variations in renin secretion were not observed. Mean PRA values were significantly lower than in the control group (p less than 0.001). Our results show that both propranolol and prindolol lower PRA and eliminate or reduce the frequency of secretory episodes. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating night-day variations and short-time fluctuations of renin secretion in normal supine man. PMID- 1241069 TI - [Poisoning by phalloides extract. Experimental research concerning preventive and curative treatment]. PMID- 1241070 TI - [Kwashiorkor. Dermatological and clinical aspects (Analysis of 100 cases)]. AB - The Authors study 100 children with "kwashiorkor", treated at Municipal Hospital Jesus (Rio de Janeiro). The children came from prolitic families of low economical resources. Their age is between 4 months and 8 years, 53% of them beiney halfbreed, 32% white people and 15% negroes. Diagnosis was based on alimentary deficiency in high caloric value proteins (100%), oedema (100%), muco cutaneous alterations (78%), capillary changes (65%), apathy (75%), muco cutaneous pallox (67%), and complementary examinations (total and fraction proteins, sodium, potassium hemoglobin). They emphasize the role of intercurrent infections (verminosis, pneumopathies, virosis, otitis, etc.). Treatment was carried out through correction of desnutrition, hydro-electrolytical troubles and infectious diseases. PMID- 1241071 TI - [Summer lichenoid papulosis]. AB - A possibly new clinical picture observed in summer time is described by the authors. It consists of a lichenoid eruption suggesting sand dermatitis and occurring after prolonged sun exposures. The symptoms disappear 6-8 days after exposure but recurred at each new sun bath. The localization of the lesions on both covered and uncovered parts of the body did not favour the hypothesis of a direct action on the skin of the sun radiation. The histological picture was characteristic and consisted of focal parakeratosis, spongiosis, exocytosis of the epidermis and an angeitis of the blood vessels, of the upper dermis with alteration of the walls and lymphohistiocytary infiltrate of importance disproportionate to the smallnes of the clinical lesion. The name of "summer lichenoid papulosis" is given by the authors to this clinical entity and the differential diagnosis with other similar clinical pictures is established. PMID- 1241072 TI - [Reactional status of leprosy]. AB - Reactional leprosy is studied according to its clinical forms A) Lepromatous a) Acute lepromatization: encroaching and invasive nature; the patient becomes more and more lepromatous ; bad prognosis. b) Erythema nodosum: "contusiform dermatitis"; variable prognosis not so bad as it is in the preceding case; allergic nature and its evolution is usually detained and therapeutics efficient. c) Erythema multiform. d) Lucio's phenomenon: vascular lesions and consequently necrosis as a complication of the "erythema necrotisans" (beautiful leprosy). B) Tuberculoid Reactional tuberculoid is the only one in this benign type, the Mitsuda's test must always be positive and prognosis consequently good. C) Dimorphous or "Borderline" whose Mitsuda's test is mostly negative, sometimes positive, but not stable. The lesions may stimulate the tuberculoid leprids but they invade mucous membranes, are impregnated by pigmentation, may present the Unna's band, and other characteristics of the Lepromatous type. Are associated (fever, asthenia and emaciation). Prognosis not very good, because of the possibility of lepromatization, according to its tendency. Evolution slower and frequent relapses. Besides there are nodular lesions. Pathogeny 1) Perifocal allergic reaction (Jadassohn). Similar to epituberculosis and Herxheimer reaction. 2) Septicemia. Sensitized tissues inside or outside the lesions, are invaded by the bacilli and so the allergic reaction takes place. Even without culture resources, Mycobacterium leprae has been found in the blood by direct examination. 3) Autoimmunization (Waldenstrom, Matthews and Trantman, 1965). Based upon the similarity between both humoral syndromes, in leprosy reactions and collagenous, diseases, as to: hypergammaglobulins, hypercryoproteins, antigammaglobulins, serological reactions (Wassermann, Kahn, Kline, VDRL) positives, Antistreptolysin O, protein C reactive, antinuclear factors, latex and Wadler-Rose test positives (rheumatoid tests) lowering of complement. If leprosy reaction is like this, it should be the less agressive of the autoimmune diseases. a) Its eruptions are cyclic not of long standing duration, as a general rule. b) Its prognosis has been recognized as good, except lately, because of the use of corticoid therapy which has been fatal, in many cases. After some years the leprosy reaction cures spontaneously. Treatment (see article) PMID- 1241073 TI - [Clear cell acanthoma with dendritica cells charged with melanine and fat]. AB - A Clear Cell Acanthoma is presented, located in the abdominal region, in a 60 year old man, who had had it all his life. The lesion was warty in appearance and brown in colour. Histologically, among the clear cells, numerous dendrytical cells were found which simultaneously contained melanine grains and small drops of neutral fat. These findings are discussed. PMID- 1241074 TI - [Adult progeria (Werner's syndrome)]. AB - Two cases of Progeria of the adult (Werner's Syndrome) are presented. The outstanding characteristic of the mentioned syndrome is an early, progressive and fatal aging of the patient. The study of those two cases suggested, first: a literature search which has shown 140 references to the Werner's Syndrome up to 1971, and second: a clinical features review about general manifestations and specific particularities concerning the skin, cardiovascular system, eyes, glandular system, laboratory tests, etc. Our two patients, who respond to the signs required by Thannhauser for the diagnosis of the Werner's Syndrome, were very useful to clarify the clinical features review undestalren. PMID- 1241075 TI - [Angiokeratoma neviformis circumscriptus]. AB - A review of the different types of angiokeratoma in particular of the angiokeratoma neviformis circunscritus is made by the authors. After differential diagnosis and pathogeny of this lesion the authors suggest that the best is excision surgical followed by grafting. Description of a case. PMID- 1241076 TI - [Superficial elastic nevus of the face. Its possible identification with "Elastome en nappe" of Degos]. AB - An Elastic Nevus is presented in the form of a solitary plate located in the cheek of a 24-year-olf woman, which had developed over the period of one year. Its histology very much resembles that of a solar elastosis. Its identity is discussed with a very similar case described by Larrotcha and Contreras and with those published by Degos et al. as "Elastome en nappe du nez". PMID- 1241077 TI - [ORF. Epidemiological, histopathological and clinical considerations, apropos of a case]. AB - The observation belongs to a 22 year-old man, who presented a lesion in the index finger of the right hand, with a nodular induration, which later turned into an ulcer and was cured in a month and a half. In the beginning it was painless, becoming painful after the third week. He was given a treatment of a simple topical application. The histopathologic study showed the existence of an inflammatory chronic process with epidermic alterations characterised by the presence of necrosis and vesicles (reticular degeneration). There was also a significant presence of mural necrosis of vessels of the papillar dermis and subpapillar plexus, with recent partial mural thrombosis, that authors consider of importance in the pathogenic of the process. Comments are made about the evolution of the illness in man and in caprines and ovines. On enclose the histopathologic study of a biopsy of lip, extracted from a sheep affected by this illness. This showed a microscopic picture similar to the one described above. PMID- 1241078 TI - [In vitro cellular immunity in lymphoproliferative skin diseases. Inhibitory factor of macrophages]. AB - 27 patients affected of lymphoproliferative processes, 9 with different non granulomatous dermatosis and 40 controls are studied by the authors. The technique David & David is used to determine the inhibition of the migration of macrophages in capillary tubes, adding to the culture medium the serum of the patient. They find MIF-like activity in the serum of three patients affected by the sezary syndrome. All sutdied cases of cutaneous lymphoma, non granulomatous dermatosis and healthy controls are negative. PMID- 1241079 TI - [Chronic urticaria and serum iron]. AB - During the year 1974, 111 patients with urticaria were studied in the Department of Dermatology, of the Saint Paul's Hospital (Autonomous University of Barcelona). Among those, 77 had chronic urticaria, of which 22 a had low blood iron values. After iron treatment the urticaria improved or was cured in some of these patients. The remaining cases in which the cause of their hives was unknown were followed for one year. Some systemic causatives for their urticaria may appear on longer follow-up. At the same time, blood levels of salicylates trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin were checked in 14 patients, with the object of a possible relationship concerning the persistence of the urticaria. PMID- 1241080 TI - [Livedo reticularis and cerebro-vascular accidents]. PMID- 1241081 TI - [Sclerema (clinical review apropos of 20 cases)]. AB - Twenty cases of children with Sclerema observed at a Pediatric Service during five years are presented. Their clinical and laboratory traits are integrated in a dermatosis appearing after various and usually serious complications. In the children observed the most frequent finding was represented by sepsis, some of them with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, diarrhoea with dehydration. The therapy applied, fundamentally was based on parenteral solutions, antibiotics and corticoids, was directed by those diseases and not by the presence of sclerema, which however appeared influenced by the supply of the latterly mentioned medicaments. Microscopic disturbances are discussed too, and a reference is made to the incriminabea pathogenic mechanisms. PMID- 1241082 TI - [Toxic hepato-cutaneous porphyria (occupational disease)]. AB - Two cases of cutaneous hepatic porphyria of toxin origin were identified within a small period of time. Both patients are farmers and recently handled very intensively, without any precaution, some pesticides containing organo phosphorated substances. Due to its toxic character the disease is similar with the so called Turkish porphyria. It is to be remarked: 1. The professional nature of the disease. 2. The up to now unreported reference of the induction of cutaneous porphyria by phosphorated agents. PMID- 1241083 TI - [Erythrokeratodermia variabilis. Report of 3 clinical cases and evaluation of the topical retinoic acid treatment]. AB - Three cases of erythrokeratodermia variabilis are presented, the first one being a female aged 16 and the two others being a woman aged 27 and her son aged 2. Familial relationship between case 1 and the others did not exist. The inheritance pattern was apparently autosomal recessive in the first case and autosomal dominant in cases 2 and 3. The dermatological lesions were the classically described for the disease. The evolution had not been influenced by puberty in cases 1 and 2 or by the pregnancy in case 2. Topical acid vitamin A (0.1 g. per cent cream) was used on hyperkeratotic areas in every patient with substantial reduction of the lesions. However these beneficial results were not long-lasting after discontinuance of that therapy. PMID- 1241084 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accidental inoculation "in anima nobile." Report of a case]. AB - A case of paracoccidioidomycosis by accidental innoculation on the back of the left hand in a female patient is presented. Clinically the manifestation was of a hard and painful nodular lesion. This lesion was completely excised surgically. This lesion was completely excised surgically. The material obtained revealed the "Paracoccidioides brasillensis" by direct and histopathologic microscopic examinations. No culture was obtained. The histopathologic aspect of the lesion was of a tuberculoid granuloma. The immunological study demonstrated a positive intradermic test and negative results by complement fixation and preciptin reactions. The lesion cured completely after the surgical excision and sulfadimetoxin treatment. PMID- 1241085 TI - [Variable pseudoerythroplasic telangiectasis balanitis]. AB - This is a special case of balanitis, that authors separate from entities clinically established such as Erthroplasie of Queyrat, Balanitis of Zoon, Liquenoide Balantis with Plasmocytes and the Balantis of Sulsberger and Garbe's illness. The V. P. T. B. is clinically characterized by the presence of telangiectasies, ertroplasiform aspect, without any infiltration, non purpure, the V. P. T. B. goes through a first period truly esythematous and a second one in which these is also desquamation. That cycle is completed in a month. At the histopathologic level, the most important characteristics are: epidermis with its Malpighian layer in a normal state, the basal layers showing hidropic degeneration. The repper dermis shows a lichenoid picture that, in certain places affects the basal layer. The infiltrate is composed of: lymphocytes, monocytes and plasmocytes. Numerous telangiectasies are also observed. PMID- 1241086 TI - [Acute intestinal perforation as a complication of Behcet's disease]. AB - Perforation of the alimentary tract is a rare and dangerous complication of Behcet's disease. This report describes a case with perforation of the ileum presenting an acute abdominal emergency. The surgical intervention was successful. PMID- 1241087 TI - [Oral tuberculosis (report of 2 cases)]. AB - Two cases are hereby presented, diagnosed through clinical, laboratory radiology and histological methods. In each case, the oral involvement was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The trauma, particularey in the teeth, is an important deciding factor. Clinically, some ulcerous lesions in mucous membranes and tongue were observed, with definite characteristics such as quite severe pain, difficulty in swallowing and talking. The selected treatment has been chemical therapy. Looking back at hospital files, these two cases have been the only ones observed at Hospital de San Jaun de Dios of Bogota, in the last fifteen years. PMID- 1241088 TI - [Papulois lymphomatoide]. AB - Clinical study and bibliographic review of the lymphomatoid papulosis (Macaulay 1968) and parapsoriasis varioliformis acute (Mucha-1916). A personal case is reported after a review of nosological location of these diseases and the variable prognosis. The authors reach the following conclusions: 1st) From the clinical point of view the small number of lesions in the lymphomatoid papulosis bring about a different clinical picture from that of parapsoriasis varioliformis acuta in here usually there is a considerable number of lesions. 2nd) There are concomitant lesions of parapsoriasis gutata in parapsoriasis varioliformis and none of the type in lymphomatoid papulosis. 3rd) Protracted course in lymphomatoid papulosis and short lived eruption in the parapsoriasis varioliformis acuta. 4th) From the histological point of view denser and atypical infiltrate in cases of parapsoriasis varioliformis. PMID- 1241089 TI - [Multiform granuloma (apropos of a case. Histopathological and clinical study)]. AB - We are confronted with the case of a patient who presents a clinical and histopatologic diagnostic of granuloma multiforme, it is considerated as the first of this illness published in report of american literature. PMID- 1241090 TI - [The perception of physical performance in different work conditions (author's transl)]. AB - Borg's RPE method was used by the authors to evaluate physical performance of healthy subjects during exercise tests performed either in the night or daytime and involving different muscle masses (upper and lower limbs). The reliability of RPE scale was confirmed. The perception of physical performance appeared to be higher in the night-time and when upper limbs were involved. PMID- 1241091 TI - [Experimental contribution to the study of the anticellular effect of diphenyl mercury (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of diphenyl mercury on the chick embryo erythroblastic cell population and rat's bone marrow cells has been studied. The predominant cytologically observed effect of this compound was the c-mitotic action. Besides the well known capacity of spindle inactivation, the diphenyl mercury was able to induce chromosome fragmentation; a radiomimetic action of the compound is suggested. PMID- 1241092 TI - [Morphological changes of the liver after chronic vinyl chloride intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - The monomer vinyl chloride in its gaseous form is used as basic product for industrial synthesis of polyvinyl chloride; it does cause lesions of the liver depending on the dose and the time of exposure. Lesions found on histological examination are: 1. degenerative alterations of liver parenchyma; 2. focal adaptive changes in the cytoplasma of hepatocytes; 3. enlargement of liver cells and polymorphy of cell nuclei; 4. slowly progressive fibrotic and to a lesser degree cirrhotic changes of liver parenchyma, localized in part around the sinus, in part in the septal-periportal areas; 5. activation and proliferation of sinusoidal cells. Sarcoma of the liver due to a probable oncogenic effect of vinyl chloride could be diagnosed in three patients exposed to the toxic agent. PMID- 1241093 TI - Professional liability v doctors of medicine. PMID- 1241094 TI - Medicolegal problems in determining cause of death in motor vehicle accidents. AB - The major problems of medical and legal causation in traffic-associated fatalities have been reviewed, and the possible pitfalls in relating causation emphasized. In conclusion, the determination and evaluation of causality in vehicular traffic deaths may be a very complex process, requiring special skills and thorough understanding of medicolegal issues. Proper determination of medicolegal causality is crucial to the financial, legal, and medical interests of many individuals and social groups. PMID- 1241095 TI - The investigation of drug abuse deaths (legal, law enforcement, and medical aspects). AB - The pathologic investigation of a death caused by drug abuse need not be considered an onerous task. The investigator must be aware that it is a medicolegal investigation and proceed with the examination in a scientific and methodical manner, having verified all the circumstances, ascertained the evidence, and--most important--approached the problem as a multidisciplinary investigation requiring coordination of all information with proper authorities. The drug abuse problem cannot be considered to be fading, and with the advent of new sources of drugs, increased availability of others, and the emergence of newer synthetic compounds, the problem of drug abuse requires not only scientific knowledge but also challenges the detective in the pathologist. PMID- 1241096 TI - Effects of certain abused drug s on hemolysin forming cells. PMID- 1241097 TI - Lactic/glycolic acid polymers as narcotic antagonist delivery systems. PMID- 1241098 TI - Isolation and structural studies of coprine, the disulfiram-like constituent of Coprinus atramentarius. AB - Coprine, the constituent of the mushroom Coprinus atramentarius Fr. responsible for its disulfiram-like activity, was isolated. Chemical and spectral data indicate that the compound is N5-(1-hydroxycyclopropyl)glutamine. Although coprine was shown to produce hyperaldehydemia in mice following ethanol ingestion, the compound was not found to be an inhibitor of mouse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro. PMID- 1241099 TI - Editorial: Trans-science. PMID- 1241100 TI - [On Hydrottaea (Diptera, Muscidae) attacking man and animals in the southwest Primorie region]. PMID- 1241104 TI - [Long-term prognosis in intrahepatic bile-duct abnormalities and in neonatal hepatitis]. PMID- 1241105 TI - [Retrospective analysis of 41 cases of children with idiopathic thrombocytopathy with secial reference to steroid therapy]. PMID- 1241102 TI - [Structure of the complexes of distamycin type antibiotics and actinomycin D with DNA: new data on the localization of these antibiotics within the DNA narrow groove]. AB - It is shown that antibiotics actinomycin D (AM), netropsin (Nt), distamycin A (DM) and the propyl analogue of distamycin A (pDM) being complexed with DNA are located within the narrow groove of DNA. A comparative investigation of the 3H dimethyl sulphate methylation extent of free calf thymus DNA and its complexes with AM, Nt, DM and pDM reveals that upon DNA saturation these antibiotics decrease the methylation level of the narrow groove (AM by 30%, pDM by 50%, DM by 65% and Nt by 70%). In the triple complex of DNA+AM+DM the methylation level of the narrow groove drops by 80%. The large groove is not shielded by these antibiotics at all. However, the methylation level of the large groove decreases by 50% for T6 phage DNA due to the presence of glucosyl residues linked to 5 hydroxymethylcytosine within the large groove. The binding of AM to DNA saturated with Nt or with the analogue of distamycin A (DM2) containing the 2 N methylpyrrole residues has been investigated by spectrophotometry. The apparent number of binding sites for AM in these 2 complexes is about half as much as observed for free DNA while the saturation level of the binding decreased only by about 20%. This proves simultaneous presence of AM and Nt (DM2) within the narrow groove of DNA. PMID- 1241101 TI - [Comparative study of the repeated nucleotide sequences in DNA from differentiated tissues and tumors]. AB - DNA renaturation kinetics was measured for the genomes of normal (spleen) and malignant (plasmacytoma) mouse tissues and for DNA from liver, sperm and developing embryos of the loach. It has been shown that the measuring of DNA renaturation kinetics makes it possible to reveal differences in the content of certain fractions of the repetitions in the genomes of different species. Moreover, differences in the distribution of the repetitions between hetero- and euchromatine can be identified. Loach embryo DNA (blastula stage) was shown to contain larger amount of the fraction renaturing at Cot less than 10(-2) as compared to liver and sperm DNAs (by 5%). An enrichment with respect to the intermediate repetitions (10(-2) less than Cot less than 10(2)) was found in the mouse plasmacytoma DNA as compared to the spleen DNA. The nature of these distinctions is discussed. PMID- 1241106 TI - [The acid-base status in infants with complete transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. AB - In 36 infants with complete transposition of the great arteries aged one day to ten weeks, the acid-base balance was studied before, during, and after heart catheterization. The results indicate the dependency of the acid-base equilibrium on pulmonary function. Infants with only small shunts or with decreased pulmonary blood flow had a metabolic acidosis. Impairment of lung function either by high pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary congestion, or pneumonia caused mixed acidosis. Regulary found after heart catheterization and angiocardiography we found a more severe and mixeden acidosis. The therapeutic implications are briefly discussed. PMID- 1241107 TI - [Retrospective study of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and pylorospasm: Surgical vs. non-surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and pylorospasm have extensively been studied in 705 infants treated in 5 pediatric clinics in Hamburg, W.-Germany, during 1961 to 1970. With this report and its statistical evaluation we are aiming to provide basical information to answer the question still open to discussion: Are we allowed to demand surgical treatment in every single case of spastic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis? The following questions have been investigated: distribution of cases due to grade of severity; frequency of surgical and non-surgical, conservative treatment in these groups of different severity; its rate of success and of fatal outcome; length of clinical treatment and hospitalization; frequency of additional, intercurrent disease in both groups, with and without abdominal surgery; complications during and after surgery; late complications with regard to the way of treatment. From our results we conclude that surgical intervention is indicated in severe cases and in cases of medium severity, together amounting to 60% of all cases. In less severe, about 40%, cases non-surgical, conservative treatment is promising in almost all cases. The most important parameter to single out these less severe cases besides the general status is the roetgenologic finding that delayed emptying of the stomach starts within 15 to 20 min. Important as well is a balanced electrolyte and acid base metabolism. Once more we advocate individual and subtle decision of paramount surgical intervention, reasoning from the background of this study where the percentage of infants successfully treated by non-surgical, conservative medical ways is very high. PMID- 1241109 TI - [Cerebral vasospasm and vasoactive amines (author's transl)]. AB - The management of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm is complicated by an apparently irreducible and unmanageable morbidity that can be traced directly to cerebral vasoconstriction. Technical skills required to attack aneurysms successfully have been mastered by many surgeons. Vasospasm, on the other hand, remains a challenge and has yet to respond to any practical modality of treatment. Spasm of the basilar artery in the dog was induced by the injection of blood into the cisterna magna, and documented by means of vertebral angiography. The author, also, described the modification of experimental cerebral vasospasm by the administration of reserpine to deplete platelets of serotonin as well as other vasoactive amines such as histamine and catecholamines. PMID- 1241108 TI - [The postoperative vomiting after pyloromyotomie (author's transl)]. AB - Following pyloromyotomy vomiting may persist for several hours or days in a high percentage of children due to a loss of gastric tone. If this is the suspected cause the feedings must be adjusted individually. Other causes for postoperative vomiting are incomplete pyloromyotomy and surgical complications, associated anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and nonsurgical diseases. A correct diagnosis can usually be made by the assessment of the beginning and the type of vomiting and the other symptoms. To shorten the period of hospitalization is advantageous for decreasing the occurrence of additional diseases. PMID- 1241110 TI - [An autopsy case of pinealoma treated by irradiation about four years ago (author's transl)]. AB - The patient was a thirty years old male, who was diagnosed as having pineal body tumors in June,1969, and treated by irradiation after a ventriculo-atrial shunt operation. He recovered well, and participated in some simple work. In May 1972, he suddenly had convulsions followed by incontinence, and he became nearly apallic. Neuroradiological examinations revealed the presence of left frontal tumor, which was removed, on June 22, 1972. Histological examinations of the tumor proved to be pinealoma of two-cell pattern. Though improved slightly after operation, he became apallic again, developed pneumonia, and died on February 22, 1973. PMID- 1241111 TI - [Intracranial neurinoma of the jugular foramen-a case report (author's transl)]. AB - This report is a case of intracranial neurinoma of the jugular foramen. A 21-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache, nausea, tinnitus on the left and deafness on the left. The neurological examination revelaed bilateral choked disc, Bruns Cushing nystagmus, hearing disturbance on the left, slight disturbance of vestibular function on the left, diminished gag reflex on the left, curtain sign on the left, loss of taste on the posterior third of the left side of the tongue, and deviation of the tongue to the left on protrusion, accompanied with atrophy and fasciculation on the left. Skull-XP showed the enlargement of the jugular foramen. Pneumoencephalogram showed the enlargement of the fourth ventricle combined with the superior, posterior displacement of it's floor. We confirmed the diagnosis of the jugular foramen neurinoma on the left. By suboccipital craniectomy a walnutsized tumor was disclosed at the jugular foramen. The tumor was encapsuled with smooth, thick capsule and was colored in dark rouge. This tumor was removed totally and the postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was neurinoma. We consider that this tumor originated in the ninth or tenth cranial nerve. PMID- 1241112 TI - [Hypothalamic tumor associated with precocious puberty-a case report (author's transl)]. AB - When the patient was about five years old, his mother noted macropenis, and when he was six years and 3 months old, he was brought to this department with complaints of anorexia and cachexia. The examination at the time of admission revealed separation of the cranial sutures and bilateral optic atrophy. As shown in table 1, no remarkable abnormal findings were seen in the laboratory data. A giant tumor was detected in the suprasellar midline by neuroradiological examination. Instead of radical surgery for this tumor, a needle biopsy was performed with subsequent shunting operation and radiation therapy. The various clinical symptoms improved and he was discharged. PMID- 1241113 TI - [Editorial: Old yet new research themes]. PMID- 1241114 TI - [Diagnostic problems of cerebrovascular diseases-a consideration on the discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241115 TI - [Surgical management of lumbar disc (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241116 TI - The effect of an acute light cycle change on adrenal rhythmicity in prepubertal rats. AB - 24 and 28 day old rats, raised in a 14 h light: 10 h dark (14:10) cycle, showed a clear serum corticosterone (B) peak at the beginning of the dark period (18.00 h) with an amplitude of 25-30 mug%. Other B values during the 24 h period were lower (9-12 mug%). Rats raised in a 8.5:15.5 cycle had a B peak (after onset of the dark period, at 22.00 h). Rats raised in constant light (LL) showed no variation in B throughout the 24 h. Weanling rats raised in a 8.5:15.5 cycle appeared to synchronize more rapidly to a 14:10 cycle than did rats raised in LL. When placed in LL at weaning, rats raised either in 14:10 or 8.5:15.5 had lost their periodicity by day 24. When rats raised in 8.5:15.5 were shifted to LL or 14:10 after weaning age (day 24), the pattern of response was different. One day after the shift, rats placed in a 14:10 cycle displayed a pattern of B synchronized to the normal 14:10 pattern for rats born and raised in that light cycle. This synchrony persisted for at least 3 days. Rats placed in 14:10 at 21 days of age did not show a fully synchronized pattern until day 28. It can be concluded that weanling rats exposed to a light-dark cycle adapt quickly to a new light cycle and that older prepubertal rats shift even more quickly. PMID- 1241117 TI - Effects of pinealectomy, anosmia and blinding alone or in combination on gonadotropin secretion and pituitary and target gland weight in intact and castrated male rats. AB - Pinealectomy had inconstant effects on serum gonadotropins when blood samples were taken during the day, however late nocturanal titers of both FSH and LH tended to decline and this decline tended to be reversed by pinealectomy. Either anosmia or blinding elevated nocturnal FSH and had a tendency to elevate nocturnal LH titers- effects which were only inconstantly modified by pinealectomy. Blinding plus anosmia lowered both daytime and nocturnal FSH titers; the lowering of nocturnal levels was reversed by pinealectomy. There was a less pronounced lowering of nocturnal LH titers in these doubly-operated animals and again this was partially reversed by pinealectomy. These changes in gonadotropin titers probably accounted at least in part for the testicular atrophy seen in the doubly-operated animals and its reversal by pinealectomy. Following castration, plasma gonadotropin titers rose in all groups and the final level of FSH attained was highest in the pinealectomized animals. Similarly, final levels of FSH and LH were further increased in castrates by blinding, anosmia or blinding plus anosmia, but these changes were not consistently modified by pinealectomy. At sacrifice of the castrates, pituitary FSH and LH concentrations were not modified by pinealectomy, however they were elevated by anosmia or by the double sensory-deprivation. The atrophy of the seminal vesicles induced by castration was partially prevented by pinealectomy, which suggests that the pineal also exerts a direct inhibitory effect on this accessory organ. Alterations in anterior and posterior pituitary weight were also observed. PMID- 1241118 TI - [Characteristics of diurnal tonography in different types of anterior chamber angle]. PMID- 1241119 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of glucocorticoids and hydrodynamics of the eye in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1241120 TI - Three primary cancers in different organs. AB - In a registry of 24,105 cancers, 15 patients were found to have three primary cancers in different organs. Decreasing time intervals between sequential diagnoses and then death were noted. Occurrence and sequence of cancer sites appeared to be random. Stage of second and third cancers tended, on the average, to be more advanced than those of the first cancers. This study strengthened the hypothesis that patients with primary cancers in different organs are victims of compromised host defenses against cancer. PMID- 1241121 TI - Familial occurrence of differentiated (non-medullary) thyroid cancer. AB - Differentiated thyroid cancers were found in mother and son. The diagnosis was made first in the boy where papillary and follicular cancer with lymph node involvement and lung metastatic dissemination was diagnosed at the age of 9. Treatment by surgery, radioiodine and thyroid hormones was highly effective. 1 year later, thyroid surgery was performed on his mother but the diagnosis of poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer was made only 4 years later when the primary tumour was already unresectable and distant metastases present. In spite of treatment, the disease followed a lethal course in the mother. The familial occurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer is extremely rare and this report is the first where neither previous radiation exposure nor familial colonic polyposis were detected. PMID- 1241122 TI - The CEA test in urologic cancer: an evaluation and a review. AB - The diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen test was evaluated in 2,029 blood and urine samples from 308 urologic cancer patients, 13 patients with nonurologic cancer, 20 urologic patients with nonmalignant disease, and in 30 controls. The blood CEA test was positive in 50% of patients with active urologic malignancy and in 35% of patients with inactive malignancy. The urine CEA test was elevated only in patients with active bladder cancer but most of these patients had concurrently infected urines. At the present time, the CEA test does not reflect the accuracy necessary for an acceptable diagnostic test for the detection of urologic cancer. PMID- 1241124 TI - [Determination of protein concentration in cleaving mammalian ova by the capillary spectrophotometry method]. AB - A micromodification of the Lowry's method is described which allows to measure reliably the protein content in 5-20 embryos of white rats and CBA mice. Differences in the protein content in rat embryos at the stages of 2 blastomeres and blastocyst were shown to be statistically unreliable (20.2 +/- 1.4 and 18.9 +/- 1.3 ng, resp.). The protein content in the mouse embryos at the same two stages differs reliably (19.1 +/- 1.1 and 22.0 +/- +/- 1.7 ng, resp.). The protein content in zona pellucida does not differ reliably from those in rat embryos both at the stages of 2 blastomeres (4.5 ng) and blastocyst (2.3 ng). The protein content in embryos devoid of zona pellucida decreased after 3 hours incubation in the medium 199 at 37 degrees at the stages of morula and blastocyst by 17-20% in rats and by 50% in mice. Addition of 1% serum albumin to the incubation medium did not prevent the partial "loss" of protein by the embryos. The protein content in the rat and mouse embryos at the stage of 2 blastomeres suffered no changes under long-term incubation in the medium 199. PMID- 1241127 TI - [Usefulness of an urban diagnostic consulting service for the aged]. PMID- 1241126 TI - Exposure and contamination of the air and employees of a pentachlorophenol plant, Idaho--1972. AB - A pentachlorophenol (PCP) wood treatment plant was studied to determine PCP exposure to people by occupation and to the plant by work area. This plant operates on a year-round basis with a 25 percent increase in production from May through October. Approximately 2.5 million board feet of timber are processed annually. Samples were taken in the morning of the second work week of each month for 5 consecutive months. Samples consisted of serum and urine from the employees and air from locations throughout the plant work area. All samples were analyzed for PCP residue. Peripheral blood was used to culture cells to investigate possible chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 1241128 TI - [Chylometrorrhea. Clinical manifestation of primary chyle reflux]. AB - Chylometrorrhea may be a manifestation of chylous reflux of great importance when it is the first symptom. The lymphography allows to show the kind of abnormalities: megalymphatics and lymphatics aplasy or hypoplasy. Finally the chirurgical therapeutic of this affection is difficult and must be caution. PMID- 1241129 TI - [Accidental lithium poisoning in a patient with chronic hemodialysis]. AB - The authors report a case of acute lithium poisoning, of double interest by virtue of its accidental origin and the fact that the patient suffered from chronic uraemia treated by intermittent haemodialysis, without residual diuresis. Neurological involvement consisted of a succession of dysarthria, behaviour disturbance, extra-pyramidal hypertonia and finally coma with respiratory difficulties. A favourable outcome was obtained by daily haemodialysis which made possible the elimination of almost all the lithium introduced into the body. PMID- 1241130 TI - Spasmoanalgesic properties of 4-propionyl-4--(3-chlorphenyl)-1-[3-(4 methylpiperazine)-propyl (-piperidine)] trihydrochloride. AB - The paper describes the biological activity and pharmacological properties, particularly the spasmolytic and analgesis effects, of newly synthesized 4 propionyl-4-3(3-chlorphenyl)-1-[3-(4-methyl-piperazine)-propyl]-piperidine trihydrochloride (denoted S10). PMID- 1241131 TI - Central and peripheral action of a new compound: 4-propionyl-4-(3-chlorphyenyl)-1 (3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-piperidine dihydrochloride (symbol S6). AB - Som pharmalogical properties of a new, biologically active combpound 4-propionyl 4-(3-chlorphenyl)-1-(3'-dimethylaminoprophy)-piperidine dihydrochloride (symbol S6) are presented. PMID- 1241132 TI - Assessment of reinforcing properties of amphetamine analogues in self administering rats. PMID- 1241134 TI - [Fleas of birds as facultative ectoparasites of man (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241133 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241135 TI - [The functional role of the posterior hypothalamic field in realizing the responses of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in rabbits]. AB - The role played by the area of the posterior hypothalamic field in the realization of reactions of the hypophysis-adrenal system in rabbits in response to the stimuli of various nature was studied. Bilateral electrolytic damage of the area under study, without causing any significant changes in the concentration of 11-OCS of the plasma at rest, led to the statistically significant intensification of the hormonal shifts in response to the immobilization, administration of ethinizol and horse serum. Control injries in the preoptic area caused no changes of this kind, and in case of the horse serum led to reverse shifts. The data obtained permitted a conclusion to be drawn that, along with mosaicity of the neuronal structures of the hypothalamus responsible for the hypophysis-adrenal system function individual zones could possess some specific effects, this being expressed in macroinjuries. PMID- 1241136 TI - Haloperidol catalepsy in grouped and isolated mice. AB - A method was worked out to assess in a quantitative and dose-dependent way the development of catalepsy of mice after low doses of haloperidol. This method was also capable of detecting the anticataleptic effect of phenytoin and the catalepsy-enhancing effect of nikethamide. After 4 weeks' isolation, the mice became aggressive and revealed increased susceptibility to the cataleptic effect of haloperidol. The analysis of the data indicates that in these experiments altered central mechanisms were more important than changes of the peripheral pharmacokinetics of haloperidol. PMID- 1241137 TI - [Various cases of calcinosis]. AB - The authors report seven cases of calcinosis, two of which were intravenous (phlebolithiasis) and five subcutaneous. Radiography of the soft tissues revealed in some cases a truly calcareous shealth, the size of which would not have been suspected from a clinical examination. Extensive calcification may be surprisingly well tolerated and results only in torpid ulceration that heals with simple conservative methods. On the other hand, pain and secondary infections may necessitate surgical resection of the calcareous plaques after arteriography. PMID- 1241138 TI - Incentive motivation and behavioral inhibition in socially-isolated rats. AB - Rats reared from weaning in social isolation made more lever presses than controls on an alternating two-lever DRL schedule of reinforcement, and obtained fewer rewards. Isolates showed an increased tendency both to anticipate reward on the correct lever, and to perseverate on the lever which last gave reward, but their anticipatory deficit was relatively more marked. It is suggested that isolates act as if under an effectively higher level of food motivation. Measurement of home-cage food intake showed that the normal day-time depression of food intake was less marked in isolates than in socially-grouped animals. PMID- 1241139 TI - Influence of the presence of rams on the timing of ovulation and discharge of LH in ewes. AB - The influence of the presence of the male on the ovulation process was investigated in ewes after oestrus control by progestagens (intravaginal fluorogestone acetate) and PMSG. Permanent contact with the rams throughout oestrus accelerates the ovulation and the appearance of the LH surge. The results suggest that the action of the presence of the male on ovulation is mediated by way of the ovulatory surge of LH. PMID- 1241140 TI - Changes of brain serotonin and muricide behavior following chronic administration of theophylline in rats. AB - Temporal modification of amygdaloid serotonin (5HT) content and the resultant muricide behavior, compared to isolated and olfactory bulbectomized rats, were studied after chronic theophylline administration. Theophylline raised amygdaloid 5HT after Day 28 and amygdaloid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), its deaminated metabolite, after Day 7. Theophylline applied for 29 days elevated 5HT and 5HIAA in the amygdala, the diencephalon and the brain stem, but not in the cortex. Effects of theophylline were reduced latency and maintained tendency to kill, even after overnight muricide test. The 5HT content of the amygdala decreased in bulbectomized rats. Discrepancy between brain 5HT changes and aggressive behavior were discussed. PMID- 1241141 TI - [Diagnostic value of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood lactate quotient in mental disorders in elderly persons]. AB - The lactate levels of cerebrospinal fluid and blood were measured enzymatically and simultaneously in 40 gero-psychiatric patients. After calculating the fluid blood-lactate-quotients, two distinct groups emerged, whose mean quotients showed significant difference. In the first group (15 patients) with a mean quotient of 1.06, the diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis was clinically confirmed in only one case. In the second group (21 patients) with a mean quotient of 1.42, however, this occurred sixteen times, which represents a proportion of 2/3. Thus, it appears that a higher quotient suggests the diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Further examinations are though necessary. PMID- 1241142 TI - The founding of the Psychoanalytic Institute of the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center. An autobiographical history. PMID- 1241143 TI - [Relations between mental deficinency and infanticide for "honoris causa"]. AB - After giving hints about the world-wide spreading of infanticide and the factors affecting it, the Author examines causes and imputability. The psychological habitual and exceptional features of the infant-murder are considered in view of the so-called "honoris causa". It would result that a poor mental ability, a particular mood, the fear of disgrace generally are disregarded before the fundamental ethical inferiority. The Author does not agree upon an over benevolente valuation of the many cases where the moral immaturity is determinant, according to law rules which do not make the imputability depend on the ethical evaluation of ene's action; and for mental insufficiency, the decrease in one's responsability is maintained as justifiable not on the light of au honour motive but of mental ill-health. PMID- 1241144 TI - [Ability of biogenic monoamines to reduce radiation injury to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro]. PMID- 1241145 TI - [Methodical problems of the determination of exophthalmus-producing factor (epf) in the biological test (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241146 TI - [Effect of hypoxia on electric liver impedance (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241148 TI - [Materno-fetal acid-base equilibrium evaluation in parturients submitted to ketamine anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - In the present work ketamine was used as anesthetic during the labor in order to evaluate the effect of this anesthetic on the binominal fetus-mother. Two groups of parturients and their fetuses, were studied: 1) The experimental group, with 22 parturients and their fetuses submitted to ketamine anesthesia during the labord, and 2) The control group, with 20 parturients and their fetuses without any analgesic treatment during the labor. In 20 cases of the experimental group the anesthetic was injected during the delivery labor and the other two just before it. It were evaluated in the mother's blood the biochemical parameters of the acid-base balance and others collateral effects of the anesthesia; on the fetus's side the same parameters also and the cardiac frequency. The newborn were evaluated by Apgar Score during the first and fifth minutes of life. The incidence of the spontaneous delivery in the experimental group, was 78%; in 22% of these patients the forceps of relief was used. In 22 cases in which Ketamine was applied it were observed, the following events: elevation of the blood pressure (50%), perineum rigidness (18%), dreams and or hallucinations (18%), increase of the cardiac frequency (9%), apneia (4%) and nausea (4%). It was also observed an increase of uterine tonus an abolishment of abdominal press during the delivery labor, studied through the uterine electromyography register. It was noted after the Ketamine application a fall in the pH of the maternal peripherical venous blood, fetal skull blood and the pH of the blood of the umbilical vein. 22% of the newborns, from the experimental group, presented a depression in the first minute of life (Apgar less than or equals to 6). The pCO2 values in the blood of the umbilical artery were higher in the experimental group than in the control one. PMID- 1241147 TI - [Influence of nutrition on hormone secretion. II. Study in Ribeirao, Pernambuco, Brazil (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Ten children from Ribeirao of both sexes, aged 1 to 6 years, suffering from 2nd and 3rd degree malnutrition were studied. The mean circulating growth hormone levels were significantly higher in both groups before dietary therapy, but the highest values were found in children with 3rd degree malnutrition. It was demonstrated that serum growth hormone levels were significantly related to the severity of malnutrition. A positive correlation was found between the nutritional status and the growth hormone levels. 2. The mean circulating insulin levels were lower before dietary therapy, but a significant correlation was not noted between the nutritional status and the insulin levels. 3. After the dietary therapy the hormone levels progressively returned to normal. These children showed a better recovery than those of the previous study, Agua Preta. This observation may be due to the active participation of the mothers in the nutritional recuperation of their children. PMID- 1241149 TI - ABO blood groups and isoagglutinins in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In 45 patients with SLE the frequency of groups B and AB exceeded that of the controls, the difference reaching the double of the standard error. The isoagglutinin titers were quite similar in the two series. There was no association of the disease with the frequency of the secretor type nor with the quantity of group substances or isoagglutinins present in saliva and urine. The isoagglutinin titers in the sera of non-secretors were low. PMID- 1241150 TI - [Iatrogenic aspiration pneumonia]. PMID- 1241151 TI - Schizophrenia and affective disorders: one illness or many? PMID- 1241152 TI - [Treatment of diabetic retinopathy using the argon laser]. PMID- 1241153 TI - [Mucoid pseudo-cysts of the sheath of the external popliteal sciatic nerve. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of paralysis of the etxernal popliteal sciatic nerve are described. They are secondary to the development of a pseudo-cyst containing mucoid matter within the connective tissue sheath of the nerve itself. The authors describe the pathological anatomy of these lesions and discuss their aetiology, favouring the theory of mucoid degeneration of the connective tissues of the nerve sheath. They give brief indication of the clinical symptoms and emphasize the need for early but simplified surgery, ruling out any nerve resection. PMID- 1241154 TI - [Bilateral traumatic paralysis of the abducent nerves]. AB - Two cases of bilateral traumatic abducens palsy are reported. The onset of the ocular symptomatology, several hours after the head injury, suggests a possible involvement of the branches of the meningeal dorsal artery supplying the extradural trait of the 6th cranial nerve. PMID- 1241155 TI - The role of the digital synovial sheath in tendon grafting. An experimental and clinical study on autologous tendon grafting in the digit. AB - The mechanism of healing of a free tendon graft and also the role played by the synovial sheath is still obscure and debated. In the present study an effort is made to further elucidate these problems. In rabbits and dogs an experimental model was developed where a free tendon graft would be nourished by synovial fluid only. Macroscopically the grafts remained smooth, white and glistening without vascular ingrowth or adhesions during an observation period of 12 weeks. By histological and histochemical techniques the grafts as a whole were found viable up to 3 weeks. In a clinical series of 40 free flexor tendon grafts within the digital area as much as possible of the tendon sheath was preserved during grafting. The functional recovery was generally very good. The best results were obtained in those cases where most of the tendon sheath was preserved during grafting. The functional recovery was generally very good. The best results were obtained in those cases where most of the tendon sheath was preserved. No signs of defective graft survival were observed. Based on both experimental and clinical results from the present study it is concluded that there is no reason to excise the remaining tendon sheath within the critical zone in the digits. On the contrary preservation of the sheath contributes to survival of the graft and helps maintaining the integrity of gliding surfaces with maximal functional restoration and minimal formation of adhesions. PMID- 1241156 TI - Isolated lesions of the radio-ulnar disk treated with excision. AB - Twelve patients with isolated lesions in the radio-ulnar disk are reviewed. In the traumatic cases, where peripheral ruptures were found at operation, the results after excision were satisfactory, whereas patients with no evident traumatic etiology, where a degenerated disk was found, did not benefit from the excision. Resection of capitulum ulnae is recommended in such cases. PMID- 1241157 TI - The influence of psychological factors and an early hospital follow-up on return to work after first myocardial infarction. AB - The factors influencing the return to work following first myocardial infarction were studied in 112 male patients, all of whom had previously been fully employed. Delay in return to work within 4 months of discharge from hospital was seen in patients who were not given an early hospital follow-up appointment and in those who attibuted their illness to aspects of their work. Encouragement by the General Practitioner to resume employment was found to be essential if an unnecessary delay was to be avoided. Positive advice of this nature was given more frequently by General Practitioners whose patients had been seen at early hospital review. Age, a tendency to neuroticism, personal knowledge of how others had fared following a similar illness, and apparent benefit from sick payments did not appear to influence the rate of return to work. PMID- 1241158 TI - [Perinatally acquired thombocytopenias in the newborn infant]. AB - The neonatal thrombocytopenias (TP) can be classified into congenital (i.e. inherited), connatal (i.e. acquired in utero), perinatal and postnatal forms. In the following survey, only the perinatal TP are considered in detail. These arise from transit of immune antibodies or coagulation-activating material across the placenta or from hypoxia due to placental insufficiency. The auto- and isoimmune TP are illustrated by relevant clinical observations. The existence of a platelet deficiency is not a rarity in newborns or in high-risk infants. If is often an important leading symptom for a side range of different conditions. PMID- 1241159 TI - Antimitotic activity of the potent tumor inhibitor maytansine. AB - Maytansine, at 6x10(-8)M, irreversibly inhibits cell division in eggs of sea urchins and clams. It causes the disappearance of a mitotic apparatus or prevents one from forming if added at early stages. Maytansine does not affect formation of the mitotic organizing center but does inhibit in vitro polymerization of tubulin. Maytansine and vincristine inhibit in vitro polymerization of tubulin at about the same concentrations, but vincristine is about 100 times less effective as an inhibitor of cleavage in marine eggs. PMID- 1241160 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of hookworms. 2. Adult of arthrostoma longspiculum (Maplestone, 1931). AB - The surface structures of adult Arthrostoma longespiculum were studied with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. In the mouth opening, a pair of ventral cutting plates was present; each was semilunar, thick and rounded at the inner edge. Cervical papillae were paired, small and sharp. The vulvar papilla was a single, round, wart-like projection adjacent to the vulva. PMID- 1241162 TI - A study of current infant feeding practices in rural North Malaysia as a basis for determining needs in nutrition education. AB - In a study of infant feeding practices in 95 infants aged three months and six months in the rural, predominantly Malay district of Kubang Pasu, which is recently undergoing rapid economic development consequent on the introduction of improved agricultural techniques in rice farming, it was found that approximately 75% of infants in both age groups were wholly or partially breast fed, modified powered milk being the milk food of most of the others. Semisolids were introduced early in the form of commercial prepacked cereals. It is suggested that medical officers of health recognising local socioeconomic and cultural changes that might affect health behavior can initiate simple studies of this type to identify local needs in health education. In circumstances such as this where a still popular beneficial traditional practice like breast feeding might be at risk of losing popularity in the face of socioeconomic development in the community it is suggested that the most useful educational effort regarding infant nutrition would be to preserve breast feeding. PMID- 1241161 TI - Biology of the snail-killing fly, Sepedon spangleri Beaver (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). I. Life history. AB - One complete generation of the sciomyzid fly, S. spangleri, was on the average 27.90 days at 25 +/- 3 degrees C. The egg stage lasted 3.55 days. The first, second and third instar larvae lasted 4.35, 2.95 and 4.45 respectively when fed with live snails, Australorbis glabratus. Pupae floated on the water surface for 8 days until they emerged as adults. The longevity of adults fed with crushed snails, dried milk, brewer's yeast and honey average 199.95 days for females and 136.80 days for males. Under these conditions the average number of eggs laid per female was 414.70. PMID- 1241163 TI - Seroreactivity to syphilis in Malaysian blood donors and expectant mothers. AB - Seroreactivity to syphilis is high among Malaysian blood donors and expectant mothers indicating a high degree of treponemal infection. Further epidemiological studies are required to ascertain what proportion of these could be syphilis and what porportion yaws. Blood donors hava a higher reactivity rate than expectant mothers, the reasons probably being soical. The titres obtained in the VDRL test appear to have a relation to FTA-ABS reactivity although this is not to say treponematosis can be excluded on the basis of low titre VDRL results. PMID- 1241164 TI - The circumoval precipitin test in early experimental schistosomiasis japonica. AB - The time of the appearance of circumoval precipitins by testing weekly blood samples of rabbits infected with light, moderate and heavy doses of cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum as well as their titers were determined. In heavy infections, circumoval precupitins appeared as early as the end of the 4th week or 28th day after cercarial penetration while the appearance of detectable levels in light infections was delayed only up to the 7th week after infection. In view of these observations, the circumoval precipitin test should be used for detection of early schistosomal infection before eggs are demonstrable in the faeces. PMID- 1241165 TI - [Porto-hepatic circulation in Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome according to angiographic data]. PMID- 1241166 TI - Bronchopulmonary carcinosarcoma. AB - Carcinosarcoma accounted for 0.27% of nearly 3000 lung cancers examined in this department. All the patients were men aged between 44 and 62 years, and a majority of the tumours occurred in the left lung. Three patients died within six months of lung resection and in each case a postmortem examination was performed. In seven the carcinomatous component was a squamous-celled growth, and in one columnar-celled; the histology of the sarcomatous element varied. Carcinosarcomas form a distinct group of malignant lung tumours. In five cases sarcomatous transformation of the stroma had occurred and was considered to be the usual means by which the mixed type of growth arises. The other three were considered to be "collision" tumours. Carcinomatous metastases without sarcomatous change were seen in lymph nodes in three cases, and in three fatal cases sarcomatous tumour had recurred. PMID- 1241167 TI - Action of antisera against homologous and heterologous snake venom phospholipases A2. PMID- 1241168 TI - [Aldosteronuria and its diurnal rhythm in constitutional-exogenous obesity in children]. PMID- 1241169 TI - [Certain characteristics of the adrenal cortex function in newborn infants of mothers with congenital adrenogenital syndrome]. PMID- 1241170 TI - [Hyperkinetic syndrome in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 1241171 TI - [6-7 day cycle of diurnal excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids in patients with rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1241172 TI - [Peripheral nerve trunks in acute alcoholic intoxication with lethal outcome]. PMID- 1241173 TI - [Changes of electrocardiogram in patients with neurocirculatory asthenia of the cardiac type]. PMID- 1241174 TI - [Cultivation of reovirus in human embryonic organ cultures]. AB - Human embryo lung and intestine organ cultures were infected with reovirus type 3 isolated from the lungs of a newborn baby. In the lung organ culture the virus multiplied quite intensively producing in the bronchi characteristic 4-6 nuclei cells. PMID- 1241175 TI - [Evaluation of arbovirus attenuation by changes in the histamine level in the blood of immunized animals]. AB - Changes in the content of histamine in the blood of rabbits inoculated with pathogenic and attenuated strains of tick-borne encephalitis, eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses were studied. Pathogenic strains of the test viruses were found to produce much greater increases in histamine concentration in the blood of animals than attenuated strains. This index is suggested to be used for additional characterization of arbovirus attenuation. PMID- 1241176 TI - [Isoenzymes of lactate and malate dehydrogenases in nuclei of rat embryo fibroblasts infected with oncogenic adenovirus type 12]. AB - The isoenzymatic spectrum of lactatedehydrogenase (LDG; L-lactate: NAD oxireductase; EC 1.1.1.27) and malatedehydrogenase (MDG; 1-malate: NAD oxireductase; EC 1.1.1.37) in nuclei of rat embryo fibroblast cells infected with adenovirus type 12 was studied at 3, 5, 8, 18 and 24 days of cultivation. The nuclei were isolated according to the method of Showo et al. modified by Zbarsky and Georgiev. Proteins were fractionated by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. In the course of oncovirus-cell interaction three LDG isoenzymes were detected. Changes in the isoenzymatic spectrum of LDG were manifested in increased activity of LDG1 at 5 days after virus penetration into the cell. Partial morphological transformation at 18 days after infection was accompanied by increased activity of LDG1 and LDG2. The morphologically transformed culture was characterised by reduced LDG1 activity. Changes in the spectrum of MDG isoenzymes were detected at 3 days after addition of A-12 virus into the culture. At 24 days postinfection activity of MDG3 was definitely changed in nuclei of REF cells infected with A-12 virus. The revealed disorders in regulation of synthesis of individual isoenzymes are probably due to the epigenomic effect of oncovirus and may be used as indications of tissue culture malignization. PMID- 1241177 TI - [Induction of leukemia in Rauscher virus-resistant mice by mixed infection with M. arthritidis and Rauscher virus]. AB - At 2-10 months after combined infection with Rauscher virus and M. arthritidis of mice (C57BL/6XA/He)F1 resistant to this virus 14 out of 23 animals developed leukemia morphologically identical to Rauscher leukemia induced in sensitive mice. In control groups of similar animals infected with virus alone or mycoplasma alone not a single case of leukemia developed. As a result of serial intraperitoneal passages in syngeneic mice of cells of leukemias primarily induced by mixed mycoplasma-virus infection 3 transplantable leukemia strains were obtained the cytological picture of which was similar with the original. Upon intraperitoneal and subcutaneous inoculations of leukemic cells generalized leukemia develops as well as a local transplant under the skin or in the abdominal wall at the site of needle puncture. PMID- 1241179 TI - [Modification of the indirect hemagglutination test for rapid detection and identification of arbovirus antigens in brain suspensions from infected suckling mice]. AB - It has been found possible to use erythrocytes sensitized by antibody from immune ascitic fluids of white mice for detection and identification of arbovirus antigens in suspensions of brains from infected suckling mice. Nonspecific agglutination of sensitized erythrocytes by animal brain suspensions could be eliminated considerably by increasing NaCl concentration in the reaction ingredient mixture pu to 1.3 M. Specific hemagglutination by the virus antigens present in the brain suspensions was retained. The diagnostic titer of the test was 1:8. Preliminary addition of homologous immune globulin to the antigenic material specifically inhibited agglutination of sensitized erythrocytes. PMID- 1241180 TI - [Study of formation of amantidine and rimantidine resistant variants of influenza A2 subtype virus]. AB - Passages of influenza A2/Hong Kong/68 in developing chick embryos in the presence of amantadine and rimantadine were carried out and demonstrated rapid development of a resistant virus line under these conditions. Changes in the sensitivity of the virus to the drug were due to selection of resistant particles from genetically inhomogenous original virus strain. The rate of formation of the resistant population was shown to be clearly dependent upon the amount of amantadine inoculated into embryos. The resulting resistant lines retained this property throughout multiple virus passages in embryos without the drug. These biological and antigenic properties of the resulting variants did not differ from those of the initial A2/Hong Kong/68 strain. PMID- 1241181 TI - [Changes in the activity of aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase in cell culture fluid infected with a pathogenic and attenuated variant of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus]. PMID- 1241182 TI - [Total AV-block in pediatric cardiology]. AB - This study presents the clinical aspects as well as the therapy and prognosis of complete atrioventricular block in childhood. Our own experience is based on the case histories of 12 children with congenital complete AV block, six of them having additional heart disease and of 14 children with acquired AV block, which appeared in 10 of these children already during operation or up to 5 5/12 years after surgery. PMID- 1241178 TI - [Dependence of immune cytolysis of cells infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus upon the cell cycle stages]. AB - In the first few hours after inoculation of Chinese hamster cells with western equine encephalomyelitis virus the mitotic activity of the cells did not change significantly but mitoses stopped mainly in the stage of metaphase and had all signs of pathological mitoses. Treatment of the cells for 1 hour with the homologous antiviral immune serum and complement resulted in destruction and death of practically all cells except those in the state of mitosis. In the latter specific fluorescence of virus antigen was demonstrated by the fluorescent antibody technique same as before treatment with the homologous immune serum and complement. Resistance of mitoses to immune cytolysis is probably conducive to virus persistence. PMID- 1241183 TI - [The clinical value of the cortisol secretion rate determination in paediatric endocrinology (author's transl)]. AB - The cortisol secretion rate was determined in 18 children according to a modified and simplified method. In 7 cases the determination was repeated after stimulation with synthetic ACTH. 12 of these children suffered from diseases which may affect glucocorticoidsteroid production and the remaining 6 children served as normal controls. In some cases the plasma 11-hydrocorticoid level and urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids were additionally determined. Differences in adrenal function were noted in 2 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (one of the salt-losing type, the other nonsalt-losing type) and 5 patients with adrenal insufficiency. A normal cortisol secretion rate was found in 3 children with diverse disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as in a child with subtotal adrenalectomy. The clinical value of the determination of the cortisol secretion rate is discussed and was found to be a more reliable indicator of glucocorticoid activity than other parameters. PMID- 1241184 TI - [Radiotherapy of ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The difficulties of early diagnosis and therapeutic management of ovarian carcinoma are discussed. Large-field irradiation of the abdomen in stage II and III cases with Co-60 screen and pendular irradiation significantly improves the survival rate of the patients. In these cases radical operation combined with intensive postoperative irradiation with Co-60 gamma-rays is considered to be the treatment of choice. Above all, a focal dose of 6000 rad, which can be attained during inpatient treatment, leads to a marked improvement in the results. PMID- 1241185 TI - [Radiotherapy under conditions of hyperbaric oxygen tension in a case of stage IV carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of bilateral renal obstruction, uraemia and anaemia in a patient with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by Wertheim hysterectomy with bilateral tumour recurrence in the true pelvis. Combined therapeutic management - medical, urological and radiotherapeutic - brought about complete symptomatic improvement and clinical recovery of renal function. The significance of radiotherapy with ultra-hard photons under conditions of hyperbaric oxygen tension is stressed. PMID- 1241186 TI - [Wertheim's radical operation with vaginal reconstruction by means of the signoid colon in young women (author's transl)]. AB - Brief mention is made of previous attempts at the formation of an artificial vagina after Wertheim's operation with amnion and freely-transplanted omentum, which did not, however, yield good long-term results. This paper deals with a technique of artificial vaginal reconstruction by means of a stalked segment of the sigma, immediately after completion of the Wertheim procedure, as described and recommended by Novak, Ljubjana. Six women aged from 30 to 33 years have been operated on by this procedure. A follow-up examination one year after the operation revealed an excellent result, because all patients had normal intercourse without any difficulty. Hence this technique of operation is recommended in young women with cancer of the cervix. PMID- 1241187 TI - [Modern results and old-established methods in obstetrics (author's transl)]. AB - More than 20.000 obstetric cases were attended to during the years 1965 to 1974 at the Semmelweis-Klinik in Vienna. The perinatal maternal mortality rate was 0.1% and the perinatal infant mortality rate was finally 15%. The cases were treated according to oldfashioned obstetric principles. Hence, although the more modern obstetric methods might be of some scientific value, their importance appears to have been overestimated from a practical point of view. A return to the conscientious implementation of simple, long-established methods of pernatal care appears to be called for, even with the most modern monitoring machines at hand. PMID- 1241188 TI - [To the x-ray examination during the pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is given of the indications for the x-ray examinations of pregnant women with regard of other possibilities for instance the echography, thermography and radioisotopes. On the basis of our examinations and experiences a x-ray examination after the 5. month of pregnancy is practicable without any risk. PMID- 1241189 TI - [The problem of prognostication in disturbed pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - A semiquantitative immunological GCG determination was carried out in the urines of 186 patients with the diagnosis abortus imminens. For prognosis of the further course of pregnancy the patients were subdivided into various groups according to the results of the HCG determination. In the group IV with primary positive immunological tests up to titres of 1:8 and higher with constant of even increasing titres in control test 87% of the patients were able to carry to a full term, only in 13% an abortus took place. In the group with the lowest and more over falling titres 100% abortus occurred. No conclusions as to the therapy are drawn on the basis of the here presented results. PMID- 1241190 TI - [The cooperation of paediatrician and dentist in the field of nutrition as a prophylactic measure in the achievement of dental health in children (author's transl)]. AB - The value of cooperation between the paediatrician and the dentist in the field of nutrition and dietary instruction to maintain the health of children's dentition is stressed. The influence of the diet on the development of the dentition and the role of carbohydrates in the production of caries and parodontic disease is discussed. Proper education in nutrition is necessary and guide lines are recommended for a diet which is effective in caries prophylaxis. PMID- 1241191 TI - [Obstetric problems specific to rural practice (author's transl)]. AB - Certain obstetric problems which are peculiar to rural districts and are only rarely encountered in urban centres are discussed in this report on the basis of 1184 deliveries at a district hospital. The high age number of grand multiparae are particularly striking findings. Antenatal care is often inadequate-33.3% of all women had not consulted an obstetrician during the entire pregnancy. Attention is drawn to the relatively high incidence of home deliveries and the deplorable lack of information of the rural population with regard to all problems concerning pregnancy and delivery. PMID- 1241192 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis and BCG inoculation (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of tuberculosis in childhood has declined throughout the world during the last decades. It is difficult to evaluate the role of BCG inoculation in achieving a decrease in incidence of the disease. The practice of administering BCG to children in general is thus a matter which is still under discussion and in which unanimity has not yet been achieved. However, it is generally agreed to recommend BCG inoculation in areas with a high incidence of active cases. This study was initiated in order to elicit the necessity of BCG inoculation in the city of Graz and, more widely, in the province of Styria (Austria). The incidence of active tuberculosis was investigated in children and adults over the past 12 years period. The incidence of active tuberculosis in children proved to be higher in rural areas than in Graz. The incidence of active tuberculosis in adults showed only a slight decrease during this 12-year period, the decrease being definitely more pronounced in Graz than in the rural areas. Considering the incidence rates of active tuberculosis it is advisable to continue BCG inoculation in infants and children, not only in the rural areas of Styria, but also in the city of Graz. PMID- 1241193 TI - [The nitroblue tetrazolium test in scarlet fever (author's transl)]. AB - The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test was originally used to diagnose chronic granulomatous disease in childhood. Now it is applied in the diagnosis of acute bacterial infectious diseases, too. The NBT reduction of neutrophils was tested in 27 children with scarlet fever using the modified technique described by K i m et al. The tests were performed in 24 patients between the second and fourth day of illness, before starting antibiotic treatment. In accordance with the results obtained by Humbert et al. in a series of patients with various infectious diseases, 83% of the investigated children showed NBT values of between 41% and 95% (mean value 72%). The percentage of NBT-positive cells was likewise raised in cases of recurrent scarlet fever. Children with scarlet fever complications had highly elevated NBT-reduction values. The control group, consisting of children without infectious diseases, showed values of between 28% and 66% (mean value 33%). PMID- 1241194 TI - [Pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein (sp-1): clinical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical aspects of pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein (SP-1) were evaluated. Serum levels of SP-1 were determined by the method of single radial immunodiffusion (Partigenplatten, Behring-Werke). This method provides a simple and highly reproducible technique for routine clinical assay. SP-1 levels in maternal serum correlated directly with placental weight and birth weight of the infant (p less than 0.01). PMID- 1241195 TI - [The perinatal mortality at the county gynecological clinic Linz 1972-1974]. PMID- 1241196 TI - [Chorioepithelioma. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 1241197 TI - [Acute abdomen due to polycystic ovaries in Stein-Leventhal's syndrome. (Contribution to the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen)]. PMID- 1241198 TI - [Determination of morbidity during pregnancy using prepartal-prenatal documentation]. PMID- 1241199 TI - [Mitral valve disorders and bile duct diseases]. AB - In a number of cases of post-mortem examinations of patients with mitral valve defects a morbidity rate of cholelithiasis of 41.3 per cent was found, above all by the larger morbidity rate in younger women. Up to the 50th year it was 37.1 per cent at an average death age of 40.7 years. Is was conspicuous that more women who had not been delivered suffered from cholelithiasis than those ones who had been delivered (68.9 per cent of the nulliparae). Before the 50th year 55.6 per cent of the women who had not been delivered suffered from such a disease at an average death age of 39.3 years. Probably in these women the heart disease was so severe that there did not develop a gravidity. PMID- 1241200 TI - [Cooperation in the treatment of neuroses]. AB - On account of the scope and significance of functional neurotic disturbances in the modern development of morbidity results that only by a continuous collaboration between the in-patient and out-patient psychotherapeutic special departments and the other physicians working in out-patient care, above all the family dcotors and factory physicians as well as internists, with different tasks a decisive improvement of the care of these patients is to be expected. PMID- 1241201 TI - [The surveillance of pregnancies with suspected placental dysfunktion. I. Material and methods (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of five different methods for detection of fetoplacental distress has been compared in 265 risk pregnancies. The tests were urinary oestriol, urinary pregnanediol, human placental lactogen and heat-stable alkaline phosphotase in the serum and phonocardiotokographie. 13 fetuses died antepartum, 47 of surviving infants were growth-retarded. The gestational age was calculated from clinical dates, serial ultrasonic measurements and immediate postnatal studies. In the I part the methods and the analysis of the results are described. PMID- 1241202 TI - [The surveillance of pregnancies with suspected placental dysfunction. II. Antepartum fetal heart rate: the significance of baseline levels and accellerations (author's transl)]. AB - Baseline tachycardia was observed in 12% of 265 fetuses, baseline bradycardia in 19%. No statistical difference can be found between the different groups. Baseline levels were without the normal range in only 4 of the 13 antepartum deaths. Therefore neither tachycardia nor bradycardia is a reliable sign of chronical fetal hypoxia. Accelerations were constant absent only few days before the intrauterine death. PMID- 1241203 TI - [The surveillance of pregnancies with suspected placental dysfunction. III. Antepartum fetal heart rate: the significance of baseline irregularity and late decelerations (author's transl)]. AB - Silent patterns of baseline irregularity during 10 or more minutes or late decelerations point to a fetal hypoxia. Cardiotokograms with this phenomen are described as suspected. Silent patterns with simultaneous late decelerations are considered as pathological. They prove with great probability a chronical fetal hypoxia. We found them almost only among intrauterine growth retardations and intrauterine fetal deaths. Total disappearance of changes in rate and of amplitude were found only few days before the intrauterine death. PMID- 1241204 TI - [Oestrogens and cortisol in amniotic fluid of normal and complicated pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Amniotic fluid of normal pregnancies and of pregnancies complicated with light to moderate EPH-toxaemias was investigated for oestrogens. No differences were found between normal and toxaemic pregnancies. Oestrogens increased significantly with proceeding gestational age. When amniotic fluid of normal pregnancies was analyzed for oestrogens and cortisol a significant correlation between the two hormones could be demonstrated. This is interpreted as an expression of the metabolic activity of the fetal adrenal cortex. PMID- 1241205 TI - [Constriction ring dystocia: a special form of uterine dystocia (author's transl)]. AB - Constriction Ring Dystocia means a rare form of uterine dystocia (0.1%--1.7%). Pathophysiologically it means a hypertonic incoordinate anomaly of labor. The paper reports two cases of constriction ring, which had been recognized first during sectio cesarean. As the measure of choose is suggested to use tocolytica, although there do not exist any experiences and there was yet no chance to utilise these medicines because of lack of early recognition. PMID- 1241206 TI - [Influence of treatment factors on gas exchange through the skin in ichthyosis]. PMID- 1241207 TI - [Comparative histochemical analysis of proteins and their functionally active groups in the skin of the neck of albino rats after irradiation with laser beams and electroknife]. PMID- 1241209 TI - [The determination of vitamin K activity in a biological procedure. 3. Comparative stability studies of menadione sodium bisulfite and menadione pyrimidinole bisulfite]. PMID- 1241208 TI - [Studies on the activity of NADPH-producing enzymes in the swine adipose tissue. 3. Relation between enzyme activity and fatty degeneration rate]. PMID- 1241210 TI - [Demonstration of position variations of the female ureter in the work urethrocystocolporectogram]. AB - With wick urethrocystocolporectography, an improved type of colpocystorectography, the form and undisturbed function of the urethra at rest, and during holding and pressing, may be optimally observed. The simultaneous picture of the female pelvic organs allows conclusions to be drawn as to the statics and dynamics of the viscera, as well as the functional strength of the pelvic floor. Illustrations show the behavior of the female urethra accompanying vertical and rotatory descensus, and prolapse. PMID- 1241211 TI - [Value of colpocystography for the diagnosis of incontinence]. AB - Striving to improve diagnosis of the functional urinary incontinence in female patients, we carried out colpocystographic examinations in 78 women. With inconspicuous X--ray photos (22) the rest of the diagnostic parameters--with the exception of one--indicate mostly an irritable bladder (4) or at the very least a notable component of an irritable bladder (56). With radiographic findings suggesting stress incontinence (56) a complete (19) or least a partial (27) coincidence with the clinical findings, was likewise more often than divergent findings (only 10 prevalent irritable bladders). Methodology of examination and analysis are explained. The essential advantage of the colpocystographic method over the traditional urethrocystographic methods is according to our hitherto existing experiences, that we can additionally recognize adhesions between urethra, bladder and vagina, which we have to operate. These adhesions can involve both a stress incontinence and an irritable bladder. Consequently this method is suitable for the complex diagnosis of the functional urinary incontinence in female patients. PMID- 1241212 TI - [Influencing bladder motility in patients with radiologicaly treated cervix cancer]. AB - The tonometric index as an expression of the motility of the urinary bladder was determined in 37 cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix degree II b and III only treated by contact and external irradiation before, during and after this therapy. After application of about 4000 R to the dorsal parts of the bladder the tonometric index increases to one third. 6 weeks after the end of irradiation normal values are obtained. PMID- 1241213 TI - [Experience with suprapubic urine drainage after gynecologic surgery]. AB - The paper reports on the application of suprapubic bladder drainage in 86 women who had undergone gynecologic operations. After describing the advantages and complications of this method of draining off urine, it is found that, if urine drainage is required over a longer period, in a great number of cases suprapubic urine drainage is to be preferred to the permanent transurethral catheter. PMID- 1241214 TI - [Electron microscopy studies on the early development of the endocervical epithelium in human fetuses]. AB - In the 14, week of fetal life the cervical epithelium consists of a monolayer blastemic-like epithelium of undifferentiated cuboidal cells and ciliated cells. At the beginning of the 5. month there are circumscript epithelial proliferations forming cryptical infoldings. In the undifferentiated epithelial cells there appears glycogen and at the same time in the "Talsohlenzellen" precourses of secretory granules can be found. PMID- 1241215 TI - [The histopathology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in an organ culture of adult human lung]. AB - A study was made of histopathology of the organ cultures of the lung of 3 adult men infected with the FH, Erfurt and No. 13M. pneumoniae strains. Morphological changes in the infected tissue of the lung were characterized by affection of the cells of the alveolar lining and epithelium of the bronchi, moderate destruction of the interstitial tissue and formation of eosinophilic inclusions characteristic of M. pneumoniae infection. No. 13 strain caused a more intensive degeneration of the lung tissue than FH and Erfurt strains. The strains of M. pneumoniae under study reproduced in the organ culture of the human lung with sufficiently high titres (10(6)--10(8) colony-forming units/0.2 ml). PMID- 1241216 TI - [Morphologic changes in cultures of different tissues exposed to the toxins of C1. perfringens types B, C, E and F]. AB - There were revealed morphological peculiarities of the action of C1. perfringens toxins, types B, C, D, E and F on the cultures of fibroblasts of chick embryo, amniotic cells and intestinal tissue. The toxin type B was characterized by a marked vocuolization of the cell cytoplasm; the action of the toxin of type C was expressed in the swelling of the nuclei and the lysis of the chromatine substance, the toxin of type E casued kariorhexis, and the toxin of type F- hyperchromatosis of the nuclei. All the cultures proved to be insensitive to the toxin of type D. Peculiarity of the morphological affection of the cells permitted to differentiate toxin of type B in the cultures of the fibroblasts of chick embryo, whereas the toxins of types C, E and F--in the cultures of the amniotic cells under control of the reaction of neutralization with the homologous antitoxic sera. PMID- 1241217 TI - [Influence of thymosin on some indices of immunogenesis in intact and adrenalectomized guinea pigs]. AB - The authors studied the effect of injections of the biologically-active preparation of the thymus -- thymosine -- on the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) and hypersensitivity of the immediate type, as well as on the number of rosette-forming and antibody-forming cells in adrenalectomized and unoperated guinea pigs. Thymosine produced more intensive influence upon the immunological status of the organism in adrenalectomized animals. Under conditions of sensitization used by the authors adrenalectomy enhanced the DHS manifestations in this work at the initial stage of its development; this intensification was of short duration. However, thymosine injections promoted a more prolonged and intensive expression of these sequelae of adrenalectomy. At some of the stages, there was also an increase in the number of antibody-forming and rosette-forming cells under the effect of thymosine. Thymosine gave a more pronounced effect when administered during the sensitization. The periods of supervention of the immediate type of reaction depended on the scheme of thymosine administration. PMID- 1241218 TI - Sex preference and species specificity of rodent (Mus musculus and Microtus arvalis pheromones. AB - The behavioural response to the sex pheromones in the externally voided urine of field voles (Microtus arvalis) and laboratory mice (CFLP, CBA strains) although specific for species showed no strain specificity. Bladder urine (free of accessory sex-gland secretions) and the preputial glands of CFLP and CBA mice contain sex attractants. Ether extracts made of blood of male CFLP mice attracted CFLP female mice. PMID- 1241219 TI - [Effect of angiotensin II on the conditional relfex response patterns of neurotic albino rats]. AB - The effect of one single dose of 10 ng Angiotensin II/kg body weight upon affirmed conditional-reflectory response patterns (two-dimensional conditional reflectory decision process and periodicities of conditional-reflectory processes) was studied in 50 male albino rats in which a neutrotically induced hypertensive blood pressure regulation had been elicited by stress exposure for 135 days. Contrary to healthy animals in which Angiotensin II was demonstrated to act in a biphasic manner, the neurotic animals revealed a monophasic action manifesting itself by a generalized centralnervous excitation. It was noticed, furthermore, that the information processing and regulatory processes of the CNS are considerably disturbed. The chronically hypertensive systolic blood pressure values of neurotic animals, like in healthy ones, show a brief, transient rise immediately following administration of Angiotensin II. These results are not only another proof of a neurotropic component of Angiotensin II action, but they show also that this action allows one to judge the state of disturbed nervous functions. The correlation of the neurotropic effect of Angiotensin II with pathogenetic mechanisms of experimental neurotically induced hypertension is discussed. PMID- 1241220 TI - [Haemagnioma of the liver in newborn infant (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a giant cavernous and capillary haemangioma of the liver in newborn infant occurred. Resection of the tumor by right hepatic lobectomy was carried out without morbidity or permanent derangement of liver function. There was regeneration of the liver. PMID- 1241222 TI - Proceedings: The pathogenesis of the premenstrual tension. PMID- 1241221 TI - Proceedings: Chemical approach to the search for noncataleptic neuroleptics in the series of 10-piperazinodibenzo (b, f) thiepin derivatives. PMID- 1241223 TI - [Research in sociotherapy]. AB - The author compares his experience in two psychiatric institutions: an old one of the traditional type, a new one of the psychotherpeutic type. He tries and defines the role of the different members of the staff and compares the evolution of the traditional institute and of the more recent clinic. In the psychotherapeutic institution, there is a drift of the therapeutic role from the physician to the nurse, and finally from the nurse to the patient himself. Despite the fact that they are open, the therapeutic groups become more efficient with time in relation to the maturation of the nursing personal. This slow growth of the psychotherapeutic role of the institutional group finally depends as much on the inhibitions of the nursing staff than on the anxiety of the patients. PMID- 1241225 TI - [Genetic heterogeneity of pigmentary retinal dystrophy: analysis of the mode of inheritance in 104 pedigrees (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241224 TI - The possible role of brain histamine and H1 and H2 receptors in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. AB - The possible role of brain histamine in the mechanisms of morphine tolerance and physical dependence is under investigation in mice. L-histidine and histamine, given during the 'withdrawal' phase, significantly increase tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine but reduce the degree of physical dependence. Metiamide significantly inhibits tolerance but has no consistent effect on physical dependence. These results suggest that H2 receptors may be involved in the development of morphine tolerance. Mepyramine does not significantly affect tolerance, and with regard to dependence there is an effect only on body weight loss, which is increased. However, combined treatment with metiamide and mepyramine inhibits tolerance significantly more than metiamide alone; and withdrawal jumping is also reduced more significantly by combined treatment than by the separate administration of these drugs. It is suggested that brain histamine is definitely implicated in the mechanisms of the 'withdrawal' phase of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice, with H2 receptors probably playing the more important part. PMID- 1241226 TI - [Ocular disease and lysosome. Part 2. Cathepsin D in the retinal pigment epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241227 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on the ciliary body after cryocautery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241228 TI - [The autonomic nervous system in Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241229 TI - [Postoperative changes in visual acuity in cases with retinal detachment. Part 2. Changes during period up to three years after discharge from hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241230 TI - [Studies on experimental serous choroidopathy. I. Injection of epinephrine near the level of Bruch's membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241231 TI - [A study of foveal reflex (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241232 TI - [Total protein concentration of the subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous detachment of the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241233 TI - [The electronmicroscopic obserbations on the cyclocryocautery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241234 TI - [Fluorescein angiographic findings of pathologic optic disc (the second report: optic atrophy) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241235 TI - [The histological observations on the optic disc, the choroid and the retina of glaucomatous eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241236 TI - [Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241237 TI - [Changes of retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma. Report 1. Methodology of investigation in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241238 TI - [Toxicity of organophorous pesticide (fenthion) on the retina. Electroretinographic and biochemical study. Correlative study especially on its residue actions on the retina, liver and blood cholinesterase activities and on electroretinogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241239 TI - [In vivo study on the absorption of the subretinal fluid. 1. Electron microscopic study on the absorption of the ferritin injected between the sensory retina and the pigment epithelium layer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241240 TI - [Fluorescein photographic findings in choroidal tumors by retrobulbar injection of fluorescein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241241 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a non-contact tonometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241242 TI - [Changes of retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma. Report 2. Clinical observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241243 TI - [Effects of oxygen on developing vessels in the kitten retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241244 TI - [Statistical analyses of aggravating factors in retinopathy of prematurity (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241245 TI - [Epidemiological study of eye diseases among small children. 2nd report. Retinopathy of prematurity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241247 TI - [Ultrastructural features of cytofilament with endothelial cell of the retinal arterioles. Observation on hypertensive rat and human eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241246 TI - [A possible and probable new maculopathy with chorioretinal disorder found in Ghana (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241248 TI - [Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies on the retinal vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241250 TI - [A factor of prolongation of the extravasation produced by xenon are photocoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241249 TI - [On the electron microscopic findings on the retinal capillaries in diabetic retinopathy (senile and juvenile)--with special reference to the alteration in the basal lamina and the pericytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241251 TI - [Involvement of choriocapillaris by therapeutic photocoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241252 TI - [Fluorescein fundusgraphy by retrobulbar injection. II. Experimental studies on clinical application of "chemical" transillumination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241253 TI - [Observations on the occurrence and progressive factors of diabetic retinopathy (report 1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241254 TI - [Circulation of the optic disc and peripapillary choroid in optic atrophies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241255 TI - The determination of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratios in inorganic phosphates by gas liquid chromatographic - mass spectrometric examination of the tri-n-butyl derivative. PMID- 1241256 TI - [Composition and glyceride structure of lipids]. PMID- 1241257 TI - [Effect of the quality of various vegetable oil emulsions on phagocytotic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in the rat]. AB - In the liver, reticuloendothelial cells make up 35 p. 100 of the total cellular population. The characterization of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is its phagocytic activity. Certain fatty acids and lipids produce stimulation or depression of phagocytic function. In the present study, the phagocytic activity of the RES has been evaluated 3 days after oral (15 g/kg) and intravenous (1, 5 g/kg) treatments of male rats with emulsions of peanut, canbra, soyabean, olive and rapeseed oils. The distribution of particle sizes of all suspensions were made microscopically. Phagocytic function was measured by the blood clearance of colloidal carbon injected intravenously; the phagocytic index was calculated from the formula: log C=Kt + log C0 where C and C0 were carbon concentrations in standard volumes of blood removed from the animals at times t and t0 (in minutes). Intravenous administrations with the 5 oil emulsions significantly increased the phagocytic function of the RES. However, with oral administration, stimulation or depression of phagocytic function were dependent of many factors, among them the nature of the oil and the physical and chemical structure of the lipid emulsion. The variations in particle sizes found in emulsions make it extremely difficult to draw any comparison between their effects on the RES phagocytic capacity of rat; but difference in the distribution of various particle sizes provided an indirect approach to studying their influences on RES stimulation or inhibition. However, it is obvious that although modifications of particle sizes may alter the level of phagocytic activity induced by certain oil emulsions, they do not explain the phenomenon. The activity of phagocytic function of oil emulsions on RES cells can be related to their physical or chemical properties; the mode of esterification of the fatty acids may be an important factor. However, no evidence has been obtained which in any way correlates changes in physical or chemical properties of the studied oil emulsions with the observed differences in effects upon the RES cells. No adequate explanation of the role of these parameters in the stimulation or inhibition of phagocytic properties of RES can be made and other studies are necessary. PMID- 1241258 TI - [Statistical study of the digestibility of dietary manganese in cattle. Specifications on their requirements for this element]. AB - The authors have studied the fate of ingested manganese by the balance method in metabolism stalls with; --198 adult non-pregnant dry cows and 118 adults non pregnant lactating cows of the Friesian breed which were fed respectively 58 and 41 different winter rations; --2 groups of 6 cows of the same breed which received only fresh cut grass ad lib; --4 groups of 12 steers of the Belgian Blue White breed which used on trials for intensive meat production. The correlation between Mn intake, digestible and faecal Mn and the other nutritive factors of the above-mentioned rations have been calculated. Two factors only, manganese intake and potassium intake, could influence the metabolism of manganese. Our results demonstrate also that if it is possible now to evaluate the manganese requirements according to the potassium intake, the minimal manganese requirements in case of potassium intake meeting no more than the real potassium requirements according to A.R.C. (1965) are quite variable from one group of animals to another, being 5 mg/kg in the adult cow and 50 mg/kg in the young growing cattle. Owing to these differences and to the possible adverse effect of potassium intake, the authors think that circumstances leading to a manganese deficiency could eventually be met. PMID- 1241259 TI - [Farnesol and neuroleptics. II. Action of farnesol, alone or associated with a neuroleptic, on the stereotypies induced in the rat by amphetamine]. PMID- 1241260 TI - Congenital midline scalp and skull defect. AB - A family with multiple congenital scalp defects, over two generations and probably genetically determined, is described. Although alarming in appearance, surgical intervention is not indicated at least for small lesions. The risk of haemorrhage and meningitis is emphasized. PMID- 1241261 TI - Epidemiological findings and evaluation of the amount of organochlorine pesticides in human blood plasma in Japan. AB - Epidemiological and experimental studies were carried out in order to evaluate the significance of the amount of organochlorine pesticides in biological specimens. The amount of beta-BHC, DDT and DDE was determined and compared in human plasma samples taken from several different socio-economic groups. The residue pesticides thus determined reflected the difference in the amount of pesticides used for agricultural purposes in respective areas. The highest value of beta-BHC was found among the people of some groups who had taken more fat-rich animal proteins than the people in other groups. It was also noteworthy that the amount of beta-BHC has decreased in the females in the population who have experienced pregnancy more than one time. The animal experiment also showed the effect of pregnancy on the elimination or decomposition of the pesticides in the biological milieu. PMID- 1241262 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow. Pattern of joint involvement, and results of synovectomy with excision of the radial head. AB - Thirty-two rheumatoid elbow joints in 25 patients which had undergone synovectomy and excision of the radial head have been studied from the point of view of pattern of joint involvement and the efficacy of surgery. In this group of patients there was a significant trend towards affection of proximal joints occurring earlier in the course of the disease than distal joints. There was a high incidence of involvement of wrist and knee. There was a positive relationship between dominance and the elbow affected. Pain diminished in all cases after surgery, and there was a significant improvement in hinge movement but no significant improvement in range of forearm rotation though it was less painful. Single lateral approach gave satisfactory exposure and is favoured. Complciations of the procedure were few. PMID- 1241263 TI - Lupus cor pulmonale with electron microscope and immunofluroescent antibody studies. AB - A case of systemic lupus erythemaosus with an unusual complication of pulmonary hypertension leading to cor pulmonale is reported. Lung biopsy showed an interstitial pneumonitis with pulmonary vascular narrowing causing pulmonary hypertension. These changes appeared to be immunologically mediated by the utilization of IgG and C3. Microtubular virus-like particles were present in the endothelial cell cytoplasm of both lung and kidney. PMID- 1241264 TI - [Paraplegia complicating umbilical artery catheterization]. AB - Two cases of definitive paraplegia following umbilical artery catheterization are reported. In both patients, the paraplegia can be attributed to a myelomalacia secondary to the thrombosis or embolization of the feeding arteries of the cord. The treatment by fibrinolytic agents was unsuccessful and the only therapeutic approach appears to be a preventive one. This prophylaxis would best be accomplished by limiting the indications and duration of umbilical artery catheterization. PMID- 1241265 TI - [Results of a survey on breast feeding in maternal-child welfare centers of the 14th arrondissement of Paris]. AB - An inquiry was held in the 14th ward of Paris, concerning 1 352 infants observed in centres of maternal care, and studying the conditions of breast-feeding. At birth 56% of the metropolitan French children were breast-fed. The frequency was higher in the educated classes, in primiparal and in women who had attended pre natal relaaxation classes. The effects of these features can be added up. Women who gave birth in a public hospital and women with healthy newborn children were also more likely to be breast-fed. The duration of breast-feeding was not related to previous features. Breast-feeding was more frequent and more prolonged in immigrants than in the French metropolitan population. PMID- 1241266 TI - Pharmacological properties of gamma-animobutyric acid and it derivatives. IV. Aryl gaba derivatives and their respective lactams. AB - Pharmacological properties of alpha-(AFG), beta-(FG) and gamma-(GFM) phenyl substituted derivatives of GABA and their respective lactams (FP, FL, FM) were studied in rats and mice. All studied compounds diminished spontaneous and pharmacologically potentiated motility, lowered body temperature of mice, and weakened conditioned reflexes in rats. Some of the compounds (AFG, FG, FP) diminished activity of rats in the open-field test and symptoms of amphetamine- (AFG, FG, FP, FL, FM) and apomorphine-induced stereotypy (FL, FG). FG evoked catalepsy and potentiated chlorpromazine catalepsy in mice. The compounds potentiated action of narcotic and subthreshold doses of barbiturates and ethanol, had analgesic properties, and potentiated analgesic action of morphine. The most active and least toxic compound was beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (FG). PMID- 1241267 TI - Influence of dopamine-like compounds on stereotypy and locomotor activity in atropinized rats. AB - The influence of atropine on stimulation of exploratory activity, locomotor activity and stereotypy in rats treated with compounds which stimulate central dopamine receptors (apomorphine, D-amphetamine, D-145 and piribedil) was studied. Atropine potentiated the action of these compounds in some experimental systems. The results are discussed from the point of view of an equilibrium between the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in the central nervous system. PMID- 1241268 TI - Influence of benzodiazepines on turnover of serotonin in cerebral structures in normal and aggressive rats. AB - The influence of chlorodiazepoxide (CDP), oxazepam (OX), temazepam (TE) and nitrazepam (NI) on serotonin (5-HT) turnover in the brain stem and hypothalamus of normal and aggressive rats was studied on the basis of the rate of disappearance of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) after inhibition of MAO. Agressiveness in rats was induced by electric stimulation. All the tested compounds diminished 5-HT turnover in both cerebral structures in normal and aggressive rats. The strongest inhibition was produced by CDP in the brain stem of normal and hypothalamus of aggressive rats. The remaining substances acted with equal strength. Only OX had no influence on 5-HT turnover in the brain stem of aggressive rats. PMID- 1241269 TI - Influence of essential phospholipids (EPL) in chronically alcoholized rats on reactivity of the heart to strophanthin. AB - Rats received 15% ethyl alcohol and essential phospholipids (EPL) during 8 months. Alcohol enhanced reactivity of the heart to strophantin. In the group of rats treated with EPL, reactivity to strophanthin was about the same as in the control group. PMID- 1241270 TI - [Fungistatic activity in the series of dehydro-N-Mannich-bases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241271 TI - [Gastric ulcers, stress and schizophrenia. Incidence of gastric ulcers in male schizophrenic patients (author's transl)]. AB - According to the hypothesis of a biochemical disorder, we found that schizophrenic patients show a modified reaction to stress. We have checked 668 male schizophrenic patients and found 18 ulcers (2.69%) this is contrasted by the average incidence of ulcers at the rate of 10%.12 of the 18 probands had preliminary serious somatic lesions. We came to the conslusion that the hypothalamic stress response is altered: Schizophrenic patients and the normal population show a significant difference to the incidence of gastric ulcers. PMID- 1241272 TI - [The ultrastructure of the cellular elements of granulation tissue]. AB - Electron-microscopy studies of the granulation tissue cells in an experimental wound in mice during one week after its infliction were carried out. Twenty four hours following the trauma neutrophilic leucocytes were found to be predominant in the wound. Disintegrating, they were utilized by macrophages, the latter being numerous in the granulation tissue on the 2nd-3rd day. Their protoplasm was found to contain multitude of various vacuoles and inclusions, which testified to a high phagocytic activity of these cells, whose main function in the wound process is purification of the wound. Evolution of the ultrastructural changes in fibroblasts of the granulation tissue was followed up. On the 5th-7th day they showed a pronounced hyperplasia of the granulation endoplasmic reticulum and an increased number of ribosomes. These changes in fibroblasts reflect their high synthetic activity and represent a structural base of the intensive collagenformation. PMID- 1241273 TI - [The relationship of mesangial cells to the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus]. AB - A comparison between the ultrastructural characteristics of mesangial cells and myoepithelioid ones of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of the kidney was carried out under conditions of activation and reduction in the secretion of renin. Bilateral adrenalectomy and parenteral protein loading were used for intensifying the activity of JGA. The state of a decreased functional activity of the JGA was studied under conditions of 7-day starvation. It was established that both in the case of adrenalectomy and in protein loading mesangial and myoepitheloid cells showed a similar type of reaction, the essence of the latter being activation of the protein synthesis. Moreover, in mesangial cells there were observed secretory granules similar structurally to those of the myoepithelioid cells. A-Decrease in secretion in myoepithelioid cells of the JGA in starvation was accompanied at the same time by a reduction in the synthetic activity of mesangial cells. An analogous reaction of mesangial and myoepithelioid cells in activation and reduction of renin secretion justifies the suggestion about the functional unity of these cells in producing biologically active substances of the JGA of the kidney. PMID- 1241274 TI - [Hypophyseal mast cells]. AB - The content of mast cells and their morphological formula were studied in 30 dogs under a different activity of the neuro-endocrine system, with determination of the sectional plane of nuclei in hormon-producing cells of the adenohypophysis and content of neuro-secret in the neurohypophysis. It is shown that activation of the neuro-endocrine system by means of injection of adrenaline brought about an increase in the number of mast cells without shifts in their formula, which correlated with the reduction in the level of neuro-secret and with the enlargement of nuclei of adenohypophyseal cells. The effect effect of chronic overloadings could be seen from an increased percentage of degranulating mast cells in the all departments of the hypophysis with impairment of the microcirculation in the organ. A clear-cut correlational relationship between the number of mast cells containing biologically active amines and morphometric indices of the functional activity of the adenohypophysis enabled the authors to put forward a supposition that mast cells may serve as an indirect index of the hypophyseal activity. PMID- 1241275 TI - [Intrauterine aspiration in man in the early fetal period]. AB - A total of 220 futuses obtained as a result of spontaneous and artificial abortions, 9-28 weeks of pregnancy, were investigated. The studies showed that intrauterine aspiration could be performed already beginning with the 11th-12th week of pregnancy. Intrauterine aspiration was determined on the basis of microscopical detection in the bronchi and in alveolar ducts of particles of the amniotic fluid (amnional epithelium and maternal leucocytes from the 11th-12th week, erythrocytes--from the 13th-14th week, horny scales--from the 15th-16th week, meconium--from the 23rd-24th week) and dilatation of the bronchoalveolar lumens. The fetal membranes in inflammation (chorioamnionitis) served as a sourse of aspitating leucocytes. Intrauterine aspiration most often took place in case of harmful effects upon the fetus. The cells of the amnional epithelium and epidermis, being aspirated, produced no harmful effect upon the fetus; the meconium was aspirated in the last hours of the abortion and had no time to produce morphologically identified reaction; aspiration of maternal leucocytes, not infrequently in combination with infection of the lungs, caused a proliferative inflummatory reaction in the fetus in the form of an enlarged number of cells in the stroma of the lungs, rounding of their nuclei, increased number of segmento-nuclear leucocytes and the appearance of round-celled peribronchial infiltrations. A proliferative inflammatory reaction was noted in fetuses beginning with the 13th-14th week of the intrauterine development. PMID- 1241276 TI - [Changes in renal ultrastructure in acute poisoning with anticholinesterase substances (an experimental study)]. AB - The authors present findings of their experimental study of effects produced by anticholinesterase substances of the type of pinochelin ether of methylfluoride phosphoric acid (PEMA) on the ultrastructure of the kidney. The changes manifested themselves in vacuolization of podicytes and destruction of mitochondria of the tubules' epithelium, which was accompanied by an elevation in the activity of lysosomes. PMID- 1241277 TI - [A sympathogonioma of the mediastinum in a stillborn]. AB - A case of sympathogonioma of the mediastinum in a stillborn is described. Considerable size of the tumour, compression of the major vessels, the mediastinum organs by this tumour at the time of expulsion, when functional loading on the fetus's organism increased, account for the development of intrauterine asphyxia, the latter being the immediate cause of death. PMID- 1241278 TI - [Hyaline membranes in the lungs of stillborns]. AB - Two cases of hyaline membranes in the lungs of stillborns are described. Tinctorial and histochemical similarity between the hyaline membranes in the lungs of stillborns and those in the lungs of liveborns is shown. The authors are of the opinion that hyaline membranes should not be considered as a criterium of live birth. PMID- 1241279 TI - [A heterologous mesodermal tumor of the uterus of the pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma type]. AB - In the available literature mesodermal tumours of the uterus are described under various names (botryoid sarcoma, carcinocarcoma, chondrosarcoma, rabdomyosarcoma, etc.). For the sake of unification of terminology of these tumours, Kehrer suggested the term "mesodermal mixed tumours", thereby reflecting their origin from cellular elements of the mesoderma. Histologically, benign and malignant variants of tumours are identified; these tumours are characterized by multi component composition of tissues forming integral parts thereof, the latter may be homologous or heterologous. Clinically, the said tumours are diagnosed in rare cases. Diagnosis is made on the basis of a microscopical investigation of a scrape from the uterine cavity, or investigation of the operation material. Heterologic tumours of the uterus of the type of rabdomyosarcoma have been described by a number of authors. As to their microscopical structure, they may be divided into embryonal, alveolar and pleomorphous. A case of heterologic mesodermal tumour, verified as a pleomorphous rabdomyosarcoma, which could develop in a long existed mesodermal tumour of the uterus in a woman 67 years of age, is described. PMID- 1241280 TI - Responsibility of the veterinarian in public health. PMID- 1241281 TI - The survival of Taenia pisiformis eggs under laboratory conditions and in the field environment. AB - This study reports on the long-term survival of Taenia pisiformis eggs held under controlled laboratory conditions and in the external environment. Egg viability was assessed by feeding the ova to susceptible rabbits. In the laboratory experiment dried eggs were stored under 4 different temperature and relative humidity regimes. At various time intervals eggs were removed from these environments and fed to rabbits which were subsequently killed and the number of viable cysticerci within them counted. The results show that a high temperature (38 degrees C) and to a lesser extent, a low humidity (33%) are quickly lethal to eggs and few survive for more than 7 days. However, at 4 degrees C and a relative humidity of 90%, some eggs were still viable after 300 days. At the lower temperature there was a noticeable interaction between temperature and relative humidity. For the field study a small area of pasture was enclosed by a rabbit proof fence and hessian screen. The pasture was first shown to be substantially free of extraneous contamination with T. pisiformis ova and was then artificially seeded with a large number of eggs. Fresh groups of susceptible rabbits were grazed on this pasture at intervals thereafter. The results, expressed as the mean number of cysticerci recovered from rabbits, show that eggs remain viable for several months during winter and early spring, but in summer no viable eggs could be demonstrated after a period of 2 weeks. PMID- 1241282 TI - [The value of police research for the proper diagnosis by the forensic physician with an example of an erroneously diagnosed traffic accident]. PMID- 1241283 TI - Protein synthesis by phytohaemoagglutinin-activated, non-lymphocytic cells. A statistical investigation. PMID- 1241284 TI - The influence of urea and guanidine chloride on the binding of the binding of the bacterial substrate and inhibitors to hen lysozyme at physiological temperature (40 degrees) (*). AB - The influence of urea and of guanidine chloride on the binding of the bacterial substrate and of inhibitors such as N-acetylglucosamine or chitotetraose to hen lysozyme were studied at 20 degrees and at 40 degrees C (physiological temperature). The action of urea did not prevent a certain degree of organization of the enzyme compatible with its usual behaviour in the presence of some inhibitors and with its crystallization ; guanidine chloride, already at low concentrations, seemed to have a more severe effect on lysozyme. PMID- 1241286 TI - Hormonal control of changes in the direction of uterine contractions in the estrous ewe. PMID- 1241285 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid of Cancer pagurus. IV. Elution behaviour on hydroxyapatite chromatographic column. AB - Fractionation of native DNA on hydroxyapatite columns depends, when flat and continuous gradients are used, on the base composition, GC-rich fractions being eluted in the first fractions. Crab satellite DNA behaves abnormally : the first eluted fractions are enriched in poly d(A-T).d(A-T) instead of GC as usual. It amy be suggested that these differences in the behaviour could be attributed to the fact that the secondary structure of crab DNA satellite is different from the secondary structure of the main DNA component. PMID- 1241287 TI - Fate of surplus sperm in the fallopian tube of the white mouse. PMID- 1241288 TI - FSH and LH release during the first ovulation period of immature rats pretreated with PMS. PMID- 1241289 TI - Estrogen and progesterone effects on the neural control of the preovulatory LH release in the golden hamster. PMID- 1241290 TI - Effect of L-dopa on nocturnal prolactin surges during pseudopregnancy. PMID- 1241291 TI - Flow of blood to the ovaries of ewes throughout the estrous cycle. PMID- 1241293 TI - Characterization of putative nuclear pre-messenger RNA of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumor cell putative nuclear pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) was isolated under conditions minimizing RNA degradation by ribonucleases, aggregation, and non-specific protein-RNA interaction. Isolated under these conditions, it sedimented 10 to 12 S; proteinase K, a powerful proteolytic enzyme with a broad action spectrum, gave similar sedimentation values and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the major component migrating ahead of 16S E. Coli rRNA marker. Cesium chloride buoyant density analysis of pre-mRNA revealed 2 components (1.51 and 1.68 g/cm3). Therefore, pre-mRNA appeared to be smaller than some previous reports. PMID- 1241292 TI - Luteal activity in the pseudopregnant cat. PMID- 1241294 TI - [Increase in the number of antibody producing cells during combined cultivation of lymph node cells from immunized animals with intact bone marrow cells]. AB - An increase in the amount of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells in mixed cultures of lymph node cells from mice primed and challenged with sheep red blood cells with syngenic and allogenic bone marrow cells from intact donors was observed. The amount of plaque-forming cells in mixed cultures reached the maximum level in 9--11 hours of cultivation and then fell to the initial level. The authors believe that in mixed cultures of lymph node cells from immune mice and bone marrow cells from intact donors there occurs an involvement into the antibody synthesis of new cells of one of the two cell populations cultured. PMID- 1241295 TI - [Functional morphology of the adrenal cortex during the physiological rhythm of sex steroid synthesis]. AB - A method of a quantitative histenzymological analysis was used for determination of the extent of participation of various zones of the adrenal cortex in provision of physiological rhythm of the steroid synthesis. The activity of 3beta OH-steroid dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphat dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP diaphorases, acid and alkaline phosphatases and non-specific esterase was investigated. The data of a histoenzymotological study were compared with the result of biochemical analysis of corticosteroids in the peripheral blood. Under physiological conditions intensification of steroidogenesis was realized by mobilization of individual groups of cells of the adrenal gland, not its whole parenchyma. Physiological rhythm of steroid synthesis was provided by an integrated function of all the zones; however, by duration and quantitative expression of the secretory activity a structural heterogeneity was revealed in the adrenal cortex. PMID- 1241297 TI - [Immunodepressive effect of phentyrin]. AB - A study was made of the immunodepressive activity of phentirin (dichlohydrate o/p di (2-cholorethyl) aminophenyl/D,L-tyrosine). The preparation was administered to mice in a dose of 50 mg/kg, per os. Experimental results showed phentirin to produce a marked immunodepressive action on the transplantation immunity and the production of plaque- and rosette-forming cells. Immunodepressive action of phentirin was more pronounced in comparison with azaprine under the same experimental conditions. PMID- 1241296 TI - [Functional organization of the sleep state in infants under normal conditions and in brain damage]. AB - Polygraphic study of day sleep was carried out in 30 nurslings with consideration to the EEG, oculogram, muscle tone indices, variations in skin resistance, respiration, ECG, rheoencephalogram and rheogram of the calf. Nurslings with cerebral affections of perinatal genesis were examined by the same method. It was possible to distinguish the main stages of slow sleep and stages of rapid sleep in young nurslings, although the electroencephalographic expression of the stages in children had its specific features. Age dynamics of the polygraphic picture of sleep showed electroencephalographic, vegetative and motor components of sleep to distinctly coordinate by stages and, at the same time, to possess marked autonomicity; this was also confirmed by analysis of cerebral pathology. PMID- 1241298 TI - [Characteristics of the ovarian function of the female zebu (Bos indicus) in the Sudano-Sahel zone of tropical West Africa]. AB - Histological analysis of the ovarian function of 415 female zebus emphasizes: -- A discontinuous genital cycle, characterized by periods of sexual rest which can last for three months or more. -- The late appearance of the degenerative phase of the corpus luteum which, at the beginning of the following cycle, still often presents images of functional activity. -- Atretic follicles which appear under three aspects whether the ovum or the granulosa persist or disappear. -- Corpora lutea of pregnancy which are usually replaced two or three times before parturition. PMID- 1241299 TI - [The fibrillar centers of cell nucleoli from Ehrlich tumors. New cytochemical ultrastructural studies]. AB - With electron microscopical preferential stainings, we show that the fibrillar centres of Ehrlich tumour cell nucleoli contain small amounts of DNA. These observations confirm our results previously obtained with enzyme digestions and autoradiographic methods. These data agree with our conception according to which the fibrillar centres of Ehrlich tumour cell nucleoli could be the nucleolar organizers. PMID- 1241300 TI - [Demonstration, content and distribution of glycogen in rat ova during segmentation]. AB - A large amount of glycogen can be detected in the cytoplasm of rat eggs; it is evenly distributed in all the cytoplasm of blastomeres and polar globules. During cleavage, eggs show non significative change in glycogen content. This polysaccharide was observed and identified in ultrathin sections. It exists in the form of beta particles. PMID- 1241301 TI - [A method to detect proteolytic enzyme from detergents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241303 TI - [Studies on the cultivation of medicinal plants. V. On the growth of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. especially multiplication and yield (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241302 TI - [On the productivity of the early maturity strains in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241304 TI - [On the melting range of fumaric acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241305 TI - [Gamma-ray spectra of some kind of radiopharmaceuticals and other nuclides (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241306 TI - [Specific absorbance, ratio of absorbances at absorption maxima of sodium copper chlorophyllin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241307 TI - [Results of the chemical inspections of the imported foods from April in 1974 till March in 1975 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241308 TI - [Results of the product examination of coal-tar dyes and coal-tar aluminum lakes from April in 1974 till March in 1975 (on the product examination of coal-tar dyes. XIV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241309 TI - [Subsidiary dyes in Food Yellow No. 5 (Sunset Yellow FCF) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241310 TI - [Determination of acrolein in ambient air by the use of square wave polarography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241311 TI - [Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from imported meats--supplement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241313 TI - [Studies on the cultivation of medicinal plants. IV. On the raising of seedling of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa var. sugiyamae Hikino (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241312 TI - [On the mycoflora of frozen food products in retail markets (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241315 TI - [Fast scan high-resolution mass spectrometry using an on-line minicomputer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241314 TI - [Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of diazinon in the oil solutions and the emulsifiable concentrates (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241316 TI - [Studies on the analysis of pesticide residues in food. (XVII). Analytical method of tetrachloroisophthalonitrile residue in agricultural products (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241317 TI - [Air pollution with 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide in fish sausage factory (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241318 TI - [Detection of dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (D.P.T.) and phosphites in imported bean sprouts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241319 TI - [Hygienic chemical studies on violent poisons. I. Studies on the treatment of tetraethyllead (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241320 TI - [Hygienic chemical studies on violent poisons. II. Studies on the treatment of sodium cyanide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241321 TI - [Serum digoxin concentration after oral administration of digoxin in rabbits. I. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241322 TI - [Feeding test of chinoform and 5-chloro-8-quinolinol in dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241323 TI - [Studies on the inhalation toxicity of A-thinner, its principal constituents and chloroform (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241324 TI - [Studies on cultivation of Papaver somniferuw L. and extraction of the alkaloids. II. Growth of P. somniferum in different districts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241325 TI - [Determination of the sodium benzoate-caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations by the dual-wavelength chromatoscanner. III. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241326 TI - [Studies on the dissolution test of drugs. I. Disintegration and dissolution of meprobamate tablets (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241327 TI - [Polyamide thin-layer electrophoresis-densitometry for the determination of berberine tannate in pharmaceutical formulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241328 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of oxycodone hydrochloride in its medicinal preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241329 TI - [Studies on hallucinogens. IX. Analysis of tryptamine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241330 TI - [Thin-layer chromatography of organophosphorous pesticides (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241331 TI - Idiopathic chronic urinary retention in the female. AB - The clinical features in 14 female patients with chronic urinary retention unassociated with extrinsic or obvious intrinsic obstruction or neurological disease are described. Management, results and histological findings are presented and discussed in relation to the clinical findings. PMID- 1241332 TI - A urodynamic view of bladder outflow obstruction in the female: factors influencing the results of treatment. AB - 169 female patients with outlet obstruction have been studied urodynamically. The results of treatment of the outlet obstruction in 102 patients have been analysed and the reason for the failures discussed. Patients with stable detrusors and those with symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infection responded well to treatment, provided this relieved the obstruction adequately; symptomatic relief was less common in patients with unstable detrusors, despite adequate outflow readjustment. PMID- 1241333 TI - Urodynamic findings in adult females with frequency and dysuria. AB - Urodynamic findings, and in particular measures of outflow obstruction in a consecutive series of 156 women presenting with recurrent increased frequency and dysuria, have been analysed. Poor correlation between these various measures has been demonstrated; at most only 8% of these patients have demonstrable outflow obstruction. More than a quarter of the patients had bladder instability. PMID- 1241334 TI - Ionic determinants of spontaneous activity in clusters of cultured cardiac cells from newborn rats. AB - The spontaneous activity of cell clusters derived from ventricle cells of newborn rats was studied using a recording television microscope. The influence of varying concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, tetrodotoxin (TTX), and that of 2 mM MnCl2 was tested. The spontaneous activity of the cell clusters persisted in TTX but it was abolished by Mn. The beating rate increased when [Ca]0 and [Na]0 were changed from 0.3 mM to 3.0 mM and from 30 mM to 75 mM; it decreased with a change of [Na]0 from 75 mM to 142 mM. It is concluded that electrogenesis in their behavior to very young embryonic rat heart cells or cells of the rabbit sinoauricular node. PMID- 1241335 TI - Premature coronary artery disease in identical male twins studied by selective coronary arteriography. AB - Identical twin brothers with premature coronary artery disease are described. Repeat selective cine-coronary arteriograms were performed in this unique twin model and demonstrated a close similarity in location and extent of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 1241336 TI - Milk in infant nutrition. PMID- 1241337 TI - [Intestinal perforations. 30 cases studied at the Surgical clinic of the C.H.U. of Dakar]. PMID- 1241338 TI - [Public health problems induced through the pilgrimage to the holy places of Islam]. PMID- 1241339 TI - [The part played by osseous dystocia in vesico-vaginal fistulas]. PMID- 1241340 TI - [A case of choroid metastasis of choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 1241342 TI - [Changes of the peripheral nerves of dystrophic mice with special reference to quantitative analysis of the sciative nerve]. PMID- 1241341 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of 10 cases with ocular myopathy - with special reference to mitochondrial abnormalities]. PMID- 1241344 TI - [False eyelid closing unaccompanied by Bell's phenomenon as a sign of supranuclear facial diplegia]. PMID- 1241343 TI - [Autopsy case of familial cerebellar degeneration (Holmes' type) associated with degeneration of the putamen and substantia nigra]. PMID- 1241345 TI - [Congenital arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa in an infant]. PMID- 1241346 TI - [Hemiparkinsonism with forced grasping produced by frontal tumor]. PMID- 1241347 TI - [Case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with giant cell arteritis of the brain causing akinetic mutism and myclonus]. PMID- 1241348 TI - [Physiological and pharmacological characteristics of muscle contractility and its control by nerves - with special reference to comparative evaluation between dystrophic and denervated muscles]. PMID- 1241349 TI - [Autopsy study of periodic ataxia caused by a cerebrovascular disorder]. PMID- 1241350 TI - [Quantitative histochemical studies on age-dependent changes of human muscles. 1) Histograms of muscle fiber diameters]. PMID- 1241351 TI - [Quantitative histochmical studies on age-dependent changes of human muscles. 2) Proportion of fiber types and type grouping]. PMID- 1241352 TI - [Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis - with special reference to regional cerebral blood flow and brain scanning]. PMID- 1241353 TI - [Myasthenia with Sjogren's syndrome and thymoma - clinical evaluation of myasthenic syndrome]. PMID- 1241355 TI - [Presenile dementia with neurofibrillary tangles and circumscribed Pick's disease like cerebral atrophy]. PMID- 1241356 TI - [Hyperthyroidism with Eaton-Lambert syndrome and myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 1241357 TI - [Study on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrir (III). Permeability in the normal state and in polyradiculoneuritis]. PMID- 1241354 TI - [Mechanism of increase of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein content in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Study using RISA in evaluation of diffusion within CSF cavity and transport of CSF to circulating plasms]. PMID- 1241358 TI - [Electroencephalographic studies on Behcet's disease - with special reference to the electroencephalogram of neuro-Behcet's disease]. PMID- 1241359 TI - [Motor impersistence]. PMID- 1241360 TI - [Evaluation of 4 cases with clinical characteristics of myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1241361 TI - [Electron microscopic study on satellite cells in biopsy specimens from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 1241362 TI - General applications of diagnostic cytology. PMID- 1241363 TI - Subaortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, single coronary artery and coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 1241364 TI - [Influence of vagotomy on the circadian rhythm of the exopancreatic secretion in the rat]. PMID- 1241365 TI - [Prolactin]. PMID- 1241366 TI - [Succesful cytostatic treatment of ovarian chorio carcinoma with metatasis]. PMID- 1241367 TI - [Morphine interaction with reserpine and amphetamine on prolonged administration to rats]. AB - The authors carried out studies on 300 white rats of the Wistar strain and examined the influence of reserpien and amphetamine on creating physical dependence to morphine in rats after sixty days of combined application. Resepine, used continuosty with morphine, hindered the development of tolerance to the analgetic and toxic effect of morphine. However on the background of a three-day administration in rats with reserpine the morphine revealed considerably less toxicity. The amphetamine did not stop the development of the morphine dependence. The amphetamine, administered tere singly for a period of sixty days, created dependence in the rats. The results are discussed in view of the participation of cerebral catecholamines and serotonine in the creotion of morphine dependence. PMID- 1241368 TI - [Analysis of vaginal suppositories containing lutenurin]. PMID- 1241369 TI - [New color reaction for sodium thiosulfate and phthivazid]. PMID- 1241370 TI - Haemoglobin, isoenzymes and tissue differentiation. PMID- 1241371 TI - [Treatment of painful diseases by analgesic LA-675 in the industrial medicine]. PMID- 1241372 TI - [Occurrence of yeasts and therapeutic results in chronic urticaria]. PMID- 1241373 TI - [Clinical studies on the local protective effect of anti-human lymphocyte globulin in relation to contact allergens in sensitized subjects]. PMID- 1241374 TI - Seminal plasma, an unnecessary evil? PMID- 1241375 TI - Effect of preservation and skimming on the nutritional value of raw milks under house conditions. AB - The use of raw cow's and buffalo's milk in infant feeding is common in our country. The milk is distributed by day or night. The mother preserves the milk either fresh or after boiling. She skims the milk before using it in feeding and in many times she dilutes it. In this way the nutritional value of milk is decreased. The extent of this decrease was unknown. The aim and results of this work are shown and it is apparent that for the decrease in fat content : a) raw cow's milk 52.48%, b) raw buffalo's milk 33.61%, c) boiled cow's milk 34.1% and d) boiled buffalo's milk 26.14%. PMID- 1241376 TI - [Hypophyseal gonadotropic hormone of a cartiligenous fish, the sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Pall.). II. Biochemical properties]. PMID- 1241377 TI - [Urodynamic measurement apparatus for the diagnosis of miction disorders in gynecology]. PMID- 1241378 TI - Some cestodes and nematodes parasitizing gallinaceous and columbi-form birds in Nepal. AB - The birds from the valley of the Barun Khola River (Great Himalaya, Eastern Nepal), Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer, Ithaginis cruentus cruentus, Lophophorus impejanus, Columba leuconota and Gallus gallus f. dom., were examined for helminths. Ten species of parasitic worms (3 of the class Cestoidea and 7 of the class Nematoda) were found in their digestive tract. One of them, Ascaridia nepalensis, is described as a new species. PMID- 1241379 TI - Studies on the dynamics of Strongyloides egg release under stud conditions. AB - The eggs of Strongyloides westeri were found in the faeces of the foals from the 16th day of their life, with a peak in their numbers between the 30th and 40th day of life. Egg release ceased in all foals irrespective of their date of birth in the months July-August. Parallel examinations of the mares were negative. Recommendations for the control of strongyloidosis in foals are given. PMID- 1241380 TI - [Value of quantitative camera functional scintigraphy in urogenital tuberculosis]. AB - 131-J-Hippuran dynamic camera studies were performed in 50 patients suffering from tuberculosis of the kidney. Sequential scintigraphy indicated marked defects of the parenchyma in 50%, contracted kidneys in 14% and a loss of kidney function in 22%. 58% of the tested cases showed a disturbed drainage of urine. The decrease of function of the involved kidney could be evaluated quantitatively by simultaneous measurement of the J-Hippuran-Clearance. In uro-tuberculosis the advantages of the dynamic camera studies consist in the determination of the function status of the involved and the contralateral kidney. Indications of dynamic camera studies of the kidney in urotuberculosis are: 1. prior to surgery: exact determination of the function of both kidneys, 2. following surgery and during medicamental therapy: control of the postoperative course and control of the functional status during chemotherapy. PMID- 1241382 TI - Immunological studies in protein malnutrition: IV. Lymphoid cell proliferation in malnourished mice after SRBC administration. PMID- 1241381 TI - [Estrogenic action of cardiac glycosides. Clinical and animal experiment studies]. AB - Vaginal smears of young girls before puberty and of postmenopausal women who were treated with digoxine, were examined on their degree of proliferation. There was no sign of any estrogenic stimulation. In female juvenile and ovarectomized fertile rats digitoxin caused no ripening of the vaginal epithelium neither in low nor in high doses. It is supposed that some steroid-hormone-like effects which are seen by glycoside-therapy, are related to stimulation of the suprarenal gland. PMID- 1241383 TI - Mycetoma. PMID- 1241384 TI - Salmonellosis in poultry in India during 1958-1973. PMID- 1241386 TI - Factors related to perinatal mortality. PMID- 1241385 TI - Pulmonary pathology in 160 perinatal deaths. PMID- 1241388 TI - Letter: Passive prophylaxis in tetanus. PMID- 1241389 TI - Premature ejaculation: some thoughts about its pathogenesis. AB - Premature ejaculation has always been assumed to be a male sexual dysfunction whose pathogenesis involved either male physiologic or psychologic considerations. A small series of unselected cases is presented that suggests that premature ejaculation may also result from hidden femal arousal difficulties. The clinical material illustrates that the newer penile stimulation therapies for premature ejaculation are not required for every couple with this complaint. PMID- 1241390 TI - Motor effects of cholinergic stimulation of the globus pallidus in rats. AB - Forty-seven rats were cannulated permanently in either the globus pallidus or neostriatum and subsequently injected with carbachol, scopolamine, or carbachol plus scopolamine. The injection of carbachol (1 mug) into the globus pallidus produced transient hyperkinetic phasic dyskinesias (84%) followed in some cases by ipsilateral circling (47%) associated with hypertonic contralateral hind limbs. This condition progressed in some rats to a cataleptic state (42%). The injection of scopolamine (50 mug) or scopolamine (50mug) plus carbachol (1 mug) into the pallidum produced ipsilateral circling associated with hypotonia of the contralateral hind limb in a few rats. No hyperkinetic dyskinesias nor catalepsy were produced by these injections. The injection of carbachol (1 mug) into the neostriatum produced hyperkinetic dyskinesias (86%) of long duration, minimal circling (both directions) (10%), and catalepsy (29%). These effects were blocked by the addition of 50 mug of scopolamine to the carbachol injection. Scopolamine (50-100 mug) alone produced no effects after injection into the caudate/putamen. Saline injections in the neostriatum or globus pallidus produced no motor disturbance. PMID- 1241391 TI - Estimation of relative fitness in human abnormalities with sex difference in selection intensity: a new simplified method. PMID- 1241392 TI - A genetic study on indirect inguinal hernia. PMID- 1241393 TI - Estimation of heritability of liability to indirect inguinal hernia. PMID- 1241394 TI - The serum protein groups of Indonesians from Java. PMID- 1241395 TI - Recurrence rate in offspring and siblings of patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. PMID- 1241397 TI - Failure to reproduce the cytopathic effect and chorioallantoic membrane reactions of the so-called SMON herpesvirus. PMID- 1241396 TI - Inhibition of macrophage migration by virus-induced interferon preparations. AB - It was found that a preparation of mouse L cell interferon induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possessed not only interferon activity but also inhibitory activity upon migration of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (MIF activity). These activities were also observed in a preparation of human leukocyte interferon induced by NDV. The interferon and MIF activities shared common characteristics in the dose response, time course of in vitro production, thermal stability, sensitivity to trypsin and periodate, and elution pattern in CM Sephadex column chromatography. However, gel filtration pattern with Sephadex G 100 showed two separate peaks. Fractions collected from the first peak, corresponding to a molecular weight of about 45 000, had only the MIF activity, while those collected from the second peak, corresponding to a molecular weight of about 30 000, had both the interferon and MIF activities. A preparation of mouse brain interferon induced by Japanese encephalitis virus had a much weaker MIF activity than the L cell interferon, although these preparations were equal in interferon activity (5000 units/ml). PMID- 1241398 TI - [Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis without pulmonary hemorrhage; report of a case]. PMID- 1241399 TI - [Lymphocyte transformation in glomerulonephritis. Studies with phytohemagglutinin, streptolysin-O and glomerular basement membrane]. PMID- 1241400 TI - [Clinical studies of acute glomerulonephritis in adults]. PMID- 1241401 TI - [Clinical studies of acute glomerulonephritis, with special reference to the cases in the middle-aged and aged]. PMID- 1241402 TI - [Some aspect of delated prognosis of acute glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241403 TI - [Clinical studies of acute glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 1241404 TI - [Tonsil and nephritis]. PMID- 1241405 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of proximal kidney tubules--giant mitochondrial tubulopathy and increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum]. PMID- 1241406 TI - [Abnormalities of kidney and upper urinary tract]. PMID- 1241407 TI - Problems in recurrent haemodialysis. PMID- 1241408 TI - Pathogenesis of renal failure in tropical diseases. PMID- 1241409 TI - Problems of urinary tract infection. PMID- 1241410 TI - [Behavior-genetic analysis of responses in runway test as measures of emotional reactivity in rats: I.- phenotypic variations and heritability estimates based on offspring-parents regressions (author's transl)]. AB - Individual differences of emotional reactivity were estimated from 6 kinds of responses measured in the Runway Test (modified ("Timidity Test") in 974 random bred albino rats. 3 different estimates of heritability of these responses were calculated from the regressions of offspring on dam, sire, and midparent. The types and degree of the phenotypic variations are very different among the responses measured. Heritability estimates of 2 kinds of responses which are related to the behavior going to the remotest part of runway from starting box were relatively higher (.30-.55). Heritability estimates of starting latency, time in the starting box, and the number of sections rats traversed were medium (.20-.40). The estimates from defecation scores had lowest (.10-.30). PMID- 1241411 TI - [Studies on extracorporeal circulation without donor blood - clinical results of 30 cases and considerations on the safety limit of the methods]. PMID- 1241412 TI - [Open heart surgery without blood transfusion and Jehovah's Witness]. PMID- 1241413 TI - [Direct surgery of esophageal varices - upper gastrectomy]. PMID- 1241414 TI - [Case of primary neurogenic sarcoma of the lung]. PMID- 1241415 TI - [Successful surgical treatment in a rare case of the persistent dorsal aorta]. PMID- 1241416 TI - [Changes in platelet function during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1241417 TI - [Development and clinical use of an artificial lung with a microfilter]. PMID- 1241418 TI - [Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 1241419 TI - [Bronchoplasty]. PMID- 1241420 TI - [Postoperative prognosis of mitral stenosis - a comparison between open valvotomy and prosthetic valve replacement (Bjork-Shiley valve)]. PMID- 1241422 TI - [Evaluation of total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in adults]. PMID- 1241421 TI - [Non-surgical retrieval of a foreign object in the heart]. PMID- 1241423 TI - [Blood platelets and extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1241425 TI - [Case of regional ileitis of allergic nature]. PMID- 1241424 TI - [Can secondary anemia following exchange transfusion in the hemolytic disease of newborns be prevented with prednisone?]. PMID- 1241426 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma vesiculae seminalis]. PMID- 1241428 TI - [Results from histological uterus examination of young sows after heat synchronization, heat stimulation and synchronization of ovulation]. PMID- 1241427 TI - [Blood levels after two different galenic forms of epicillin medication in a crossover study (author's transl)]. AB - The equipollent clinical effect of epicillin syrup compared with epicillin capsules was demonstrated by means of blood levels in a crossover study in seven children aged between one year and 13 years. The advantages in pediatrics of using epicillin with possibly a low frequency of exanthema are pointed out. PMID- 1241429 TI - Correlation of symptoms in pre-menstrual tension to oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in blood plasma. A preliminary study. AB - 15 women with premenstrual tension are rated in four symptom groups, anxiety tension, asthenia-depression, irritability-explosiveness and feelings of swelling. The ratings of anxiety and irritability were also added to a separate group. Ratings were then correlated to plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels and oestrogen/progesterone ratios. There was a significant correlation between oestrogen levels and the anxiety, irritability, anxiety + irritability and depression groups. A correlation was also found between oestrogen/progesterone ratios and anxiety. No significant correlation was found between progesterone levels and symptom ratings. PMID- 1241430 TI - [Accidents and complications of splenoportography]. AB - The literature concerning accidents and complications of transcutaneous splenoportography is examined and compared with personal experience. The technique used is discussed and some of its advantages with respect to selective arteriography of the coeliac tripod are stressed. It is concluded transcutaneous that splenoportography is free from any particular risk and has no equal in the detailed study of certain alterations of the splenoportal trunk. PMID- 1241431 TI - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy involving both ventricles and I.V. septum, associated to pulmonary artery malformation. PMID- 1241432 TI - [Clinical and histo-pathological aspects of neuro-toxicity of vincristine in the child]. PMID- 1241433 TI - [Indications for tonsillectomy in young children]. PMID- 1241434 TI - [Role of vitamin E in the nutrition of young children]. PMID- 1241435 TI - [The role of prostaglandins]. PMID- 1241436 TI - Evaluation of the method of testing on spermatozoa of the local irritant effect of streptomycin. AB - This report presents an attempt to adapt the method of study of the cytotoxic effect of streptomycin (SM) for evaluation of its local irritant properties. The cytotoxic effect of streptomycin was treated on bull spermatoza according to Dumitrescu (1). Ten series of SM produced by Tarchomin Pharmaceutical Producers, and international standard streptomycin (Is -- SM) were used in the experiments. The effect of the mentioned substances was checked in isotonic solutions (in 5% glucose containing 0.82, 2.46, 7.38 mg SM base in 1 ml at pH 4.5--4.8). Is -- SM did not show any spermicidal effect, on the contrary, it significantly prolonged the life-span of spermatozoa. The checked series showed statistically significant spermicidal activity. The cytotoxic effect of SM is proportional to its concentration, and varies in particular series. The studied series can be divided into those of strong, moderate, and weak spermicidal activity. The comparison of these results with those of simultaneous clinical and histopathological studies indicates no correlation between the local irritating effect observed in humans, and the cytotoxic influence determined in the test with spermatozoa. The method of study of SM on spermatozoa is unsuitable for evaluation of the local irritating activity of this substance. PMID- 1241437 TI - The effects of nalorphine and Micoren on blood oxygenation and acid-base equilibrium in patients with myocardial infarction treated with neuroleptanalgesia II. AB - Sixty-five patients with myocardial infarction were observed for comparison of the values of nalorphine and Micoren in prevention of respiratory depression caused by fentanyl. The patients were divided into 4 groups receiving NLA II with or without nalorphine, morphine or Micoren. In all cases paO2, paCO2 and acid base equilibrium were determined before and after administration of drugs. In the group receiving only NLA II paO2 fell in 50% of cases, in other groups receiving nalorphine or Micoren it increased in most cases. The paCO2 increased in most cases in groups receiving only NLA II or NLA II with nalorphine with or without morphine and respiratory acidosis developed in 4 cases. In the group receiving NLA II with Micoren paCO2 fell. The results indicate the necessity of administration of respiratory stimulants with NLA II and Micoren appears to be preferable to nalorphine in this respect. PMID- 1241438 TI - Myocardial and endocardial lesions in rabbit after acute poisoning with Intration and after treatment with some detoxifying agents. AB - The hearts of rabbits killed 24 hours after intoxication with Intration in the dose of LD50 and rabbits treated at the same time with PAM or atropine were studied pathomorphologically. Twenty-four hours after administration of Intration toxic lesions of the myocardium and endocardium were observed, which were more pronounced in rabbits treated simultaneously with the detoxifying agents as compared with those which received only Intration. The intensity of the changes was due to overdosage of the detoxifying agents, especially PAM which was particularly harmful. PMID- 1241439 TI - Some ultrastructural aspects of clear-cell uterine corpus carcinoma. AB - Light and electron microscopic study of a clear-cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri was undertaken. The clear cells of the investigated tumor showed a high degree of cellular differentiation as compared with the typical carcinomatous dark cell. They resemble the endometrial glandular cells of the secretroy type. The ultrastructural examination of the carcinomatous clear areas permits to distinguish these endometrial cells from those of mesonephric or adrenal origin. PMID- 1241440 TI - [Study of the antigenic properties of the duodenum juice in children with cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative study of the antigenic properties of the duodenal juice has been carried out; the samples of duodenal juice were collected from the following three groups of children: 1) healthy children 2) children with lambliosis 3) children with cystic fibrosis. The method of double diffusion and precipitation in agar according to Ouchterlony and immunoelectrophoresis technique according to Scheidegger were used. The author's own specific rabbit antisera were applied. On the basis of the results achieved the conclusion may be drawn that the duodenum content of children suffering from cystic fibrosis includes, apart from antigens immunologically identical with the duodenal content of healthy children, also a separate antigen with specific traits for cystic fibrosis. It was also found that a pathological mucoprotein, appearing sporadically in the duodenum juice of children with lambliosis is in no connection with the antigen specific for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1241441 TI - [Balloon atrioseptostomy (B.A.S.) in the management of neonates and infants with transposition of great vessels (author's transl)]. AB - From June 1969 to April 1973, B.A.S. was carried out in 2-day to 6-month-old 65 infants at the Institute of Paediatrics of the Academy of Medicine in Warsaw. There were 16 infants up to one week old, 39 infants--up to one month, and 10 infants more than one month old. There were 43 boys and 22 girls among them. Cardiac catheterization and B.A.S. were carried out in most children up to 24 hours following hospitalization under local anaesthesia and premedication with robenzperidol and dolantin. In 11 of the 65 infants after B.A.S. the saturation with oxygen in the right atrium under-went no significant changes; in 54 cases it increased by 10 to 49 per cent. Of the 65 infants in whom B.A.S. was performed, 37 are alive, 28 had died. In 20 children under constant outpatient cardiological follow up the observation period has amounted from 6 months to 3 years. Their motoric development and growth is retarded, there is moderate cyanosis, but no symptoms of congestive failure were found. All these children are administered digitalis in chronic maintenance doses. Respiratory infections occured frequently in these patients. As mentioned above, 28 infants died at the age of 2 days to 6 months. Post mortem examination revealed that the B.A.S. was unsufficient in 14 cases. However, 14 infants died in spite of the satisfactority performed atrioseptostomy. Pulmonary oedema or haemorrhagic-and-inflammatory changes in the lungs as well as generalized thrombosis were the most frequent causes of death. On the basis of their own experience the authors elaborated indications and instructions for B.A.S. in neonates and infants with congenital heart diseases. These directives are based on the Team Work of cardiologists, anaesthesiologists, cardiac surgeons and paediatric radiologists. Because ever greater numbers of neonates are being sent to the Institute of Paediatric of the Academy of Medicine from all over Poland, the authors organized continuous cardiological emergency service to carry out B.A.S. procedures as soon as possible, without delay. PMID- 1241442 TI - [Attempt to evaluate the bioelectrical function of the brain and the mental development of twin pregnancy children (author's transl)]. AB - EEG records and psychological examinations were performed in 30 twin pairs, 9 of which were monozygotic and 21--dizygotic twins, aged 1 to 13 years. No data on disturbances in C.N.S. functions or somatic diseases were found on the basis of anamnesis in 5 pairs, but in 25 pairs the abnormalities were stated in the perinatal period febrile and infantile convulsions and head injury were also found. Normal EEG records were found in 5 pairs; in 6 pairs one of the children showed a normal record, while the other--an abnormal one, and in the remaining 19 pairs abnormal records were found (Table I). Totally similar EEG records were found in 11 pairs, and dissimilar ones in 19 pairs. The development quotient (D.Q.) or intelligence quotient (I.Q) amounted to 80-90 points in only 5 children, while in the others there was 90-110 and over. In 18 pairs the quotient values were similar, and in 12 pairs different (Table II). In pairs with equal values of the quotients qualitative differences were found in the functions measured. The similarities and differences in EEG records and also in D.Q. and I.Q. For monozygotic and dizygotic twins are illustrated by Table III. The authors analysed the similarities and differences in EEG records and D.Q. and I.Q. in twin pairs in relation to two groups of children. Group I includes 5 pairs of twins without data on C.N.S. function disturbances and group II--25 pairs in which there were factors which could damage the function of C.N.S. A predominance of similar EEG records and of similar values of quotients was found, in the I group irrespective whether they were monozygotic or dizygotic twins (Table IV). In group II, however, there were considerably less similar EEG records and similar quotient values and, moreover, qualitative differences were found in the functions measured. Similarities in monozygotic twins in opposition to the dizygotic ones were found in EEG records (Table V). The authors state that, despite the predominance of abnormal EEG records in the examined twins, no mental deficiency was found in any of the children. The EEG records differed more in the twins than the psychomotor development quotients, but similarities in the records were greater than those of the quotients in monozygotic twins. Concomitantly with similar numerical values of psychomotor development quotients there were qualitative differences of the functions measured. The greatest differences in EEG records and quotient values were found in pairs of twins in which data were found on factors which could disturb the function of the C.N.S. as well as in dizygotic twins. PMID- 1241443 TI - [A direct micromethod for transferrin level determination in human serum (author's transl)]. AB - All the methods of quantitative estimation of transferrin concentration applied until recently have consisted in calculating the amount of this protein through the amount of iron bound in the blood serum. For this purpose the total iron binding capacity of serum (TIBC) has to be determined and then transferrin concentration is calculated. The calculation is based on the fact found by Ehrenberg and Laurell (1955) that two atoms of trivalent iron are selectively bound with one molecule of transferrin. The disadvantage of this method consists mainly in the necessity to carry out the measurement twice in every serum sample and in the large amount of material necessary for the analyses: this is a great inconvenience for pediatric clinics. The single-radial diffusion method in agar gel was evaluated to be very advantageous for quantitative estimation of transferrin because of its simple technique and reaction specifity. The quantitative estimation is possible by the pilot calibration curve that represents the relationship of the diameter of a given circle and transferrin concentration. The quantity of material necessary for analysis amounts to not more than 5 mul of serum. Specific antitransferrin serum has to be imported and this seems to be the only reason why the said technique has not been used in Poland so far. The sera and vaccine laboratories in Warsaw have recently started to produce this antiserum and pure human transferrin. This has stimulated us to work out the single-radial diffusion method in agar based on Polish antiserum and Polish standard. The quality of the Polish specific rabbit antitransferrin serum and Polish pure human transferrin was tested by the immunoelectrophoretic method. The above findings provide the evidence that the Polish reagents are as good as those of the Behringwerke. Single-radial diffusion in agar gel should be carried out under the following conditions. 1) reaction temperature: 20-22degreesC 2) reaction time 24 hours 3) optimum concentration of antitransferrin serum in agar is 1:5.2. The error of the immunochemical method was determined experimentally and was found to be 9.05%. The results obtained with Polish and Behringwerke reagents were compared and were very similar. PMID- 1241444 TI - Alcohol, habituation and the patterning of aggressive responses in a cichlid fish. AB - Territorial cichlids were presented for 30 min with a conspecific male intruder (contained in a clear glass tube). Eight hr prior, 2 groups were administered alcohol (0.15 or 0.30 percent in the aquaria water). A third group served as a control. Three responses were recorded to allow analysis of topographic changes in behavior as well as changes in absolute levels. During the habituation phase, the normal group showed a sequence of long displays, followed by shorter ones as the frequency of attacks increased. The occurrence of threat which gradually gives way to attack is characteristic of the agonistic behavior of this species. In contrast to the controls, the 0.15 percent group was hyperaggressive, while the 0.30 percent group was hypoaggressive. Furthermore, the patterning of responses were abnormal. The 0.15 percent group gave abbreviated threats and more attacks (interpreted as a tendency to attack without warning); whereas, the 0.30 percent group gave many long threat displays, but few attacks. A stimulus specificity test provided strong evidence that the waning found during the initial phase was habituation. PMID- 1241445 TI - Voluntary morphine ingestion, morphine dependence, and recovery from withdrawal signs. AB - We are reporting on conditions (without forced drinking or premedications) where rats voluntarily drink high quantities of sucrose-morphine solutions in preference to water. The volume ingested is inversely related to the morphine concentration in the liquid. The morphine antagonist, nalorphine, produced a clear set of opiate withdrawal signs in these (voluntarily) morphine-drinking rats. The severity of withdrawal signs was a function of the amount of ingested morphine. The present finding is the first report to show that rats ingest high quantities of sucrose-morphine without premedication or forced hydration procedures. PMID- 1241446 TI - Pattern of daily blood ethanol elevation and the development of physical dependence. AB - Schedule-induced ethanol polydipsia regimens were used which produced either one or two daily peaks in blood ethanol levels. After 3 months on these regimens, rats were withdrawn from ethanol and tested for the presence of abstinence signs. No evidence of physical dependence was found, a result which contrasted with the previous finding of a severe withdrawal syndrome when blood ethanol was maintained at a more continuously elevated level prior to withdrawal. It was concluded that, as in the case of barbiturates, the development of physical dependence on ethanol requires more than an episodic peaking of the blood ethanol level once or twice per day. PMID- 1241447 TI - [Center for drug addiction prevention at the S. Vittore judiciary prison in Milan. Case u/1]. PMID- 1241448 TI - [Acts of violence from point of view of the criminologist]. AB - Assaultive offences continue to occupy a major share of the interest of criminologists and of the attention of the public. They are defined by the use, or the threat of use of force on a victim by an offender. The paper reviews basic definitions, methods of measuring assaultive crime, and recent phenomenological patterning. Different socio-economic variables are discussed, such as age and sex, urbanization and social class, race, victim-offender relationships, family factors. A brief analysis is presented of child abuse. Various theories have been presented, with different interpretative and explanatory focuses. They are summarized by the Authors under the following headings: a) Barrier theories b) Theories of inevitability c) "Bad influence" theories d) Culture theories. A few cross-cultural examples are given, from existing studies. The postulates of cultural theories are presented, with suggestions for further research. PMID- 1241449 TI - The effect of hemicholinium on behavior and on brain acetylcholine and choline in the rat. AB - Behavior and whole brain acetylcholine and choline levels were studied in rats following intraventricular administration of hemicholinium-3. There was an 80% decrease in the content of acetylcholine after 2 hours. The depletion was associated with a decreased turnover of acetylcholine and aggressive behavior. The acetylcholine level did not return to control values until 72 hours after injection, when hemicholinium was still detectable as determined by fluorescence assay. Endogenous choline levels as determined by microwave fixation were 22.7 +/ 1.1 nmol g-1 and were unaffected by hemicholinium; however, hemicholinium caused a significant reduction in the postmortem increase in choline. PMID- 1241450 TI - Stereospecific binding of morphine to phosphatidyl serine. AB - By measuring the adsorption of 14C-morphine to a surface film at an air-water interface, it was shown that morphine binds to phosphatidyl serine in a 1:1 molar ratio. With the use of levorphanol and the inactive d-isomer, dextrorphan, it could be demonstrated that the interaction was stereospecific. A Lineweaver-Burk plot disclosed that levorphanol and morphine competitively interacted with the lipid; the Km for morphine was 1.6 X 10(-5)M and the Ki for levorphanol was 4.8 X 10(-5)M. Heroin, a stronger opiate, had a greater affinity for phosphatidyl serine than did morphine or levorphanol. PMID- 1241451 TI - Measurement of the effects of drugs on activity of permanent groups of rats. AB - The diurnal light-dark cycle, grouping of animals and spatial organization of the environment may affect the behavioral responses of animals to psychoactive drugs. A method of working with these factors experimentally is described, using a residential maze equipped with photocells for recording activity of groups of animals. Preliminary results show reliable activity measurements are produced which are sensitive to modification by drugs. PMID- 1241453 TI - Behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine and amphetamine after chronic high dose haloperidol treatment. AB - Rats administered chronic haloperidol (5 mg/cc) for 2 months exhibited stereotyped gnawing during chronic haloperidol treatment, and after withdrawal from haloperidol, showed significantly greater stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine or L-amphetamine compared to saline controls. Chronic administration of benztropine mesylate concomitantly with haloperidol reduced the effects of chronic haloperidol on drug induced stereotyped behavior during the withdrawal period. PMID- 1241452 TI - Attenuation of precipitated abstinence in methadone-dependent rats by delta 9 THC. AB - Racemic methadone hydrochloride was administered to male rats in daily subcutaneous injections of 10-30 mg/kg. Dependence, when assessed by naloxone challenge after 26 days, was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that previously reported by us for rats implanted with a 75 mg morphine pellet for 72 hours. Abstinence scores in animals pretreated acutely with 10 mg/kg delta 9-THC one hour before naloxone were significantly less than those of a vehicle control group, and wet shakes and gastrointestinal signs of abstinence were blocked. These results extend previous observations of morphine abstinence attenuating properties of delta 9-THC to effects on animals dependent on methadone. PMID- 1241454 TI - Reduction of morphine-withdrawal body shakes by a conditional stimulus in the rat. AB - Narcotic dependence in rats was established, in five days, by administering intravenous injections of morphine sulfate in increasing doses. From day six onward, dependence was maintained by administering a morphine injection (15 mg/kg) every 6 h throughout the day, and each of these injections was paired with a tone. After 16 morphine-tone pairings, test trials, in which the tone was presented in the absence of morphine, were instituted. These tone presentations significantly reduced morphine-withdrawal "wet shakes" in rats which received morphine-tone pairings, but not in rats which received control treatments. PMID- 1241455 TI - Current research in the indoleamine hypothesis of affective disorders. AB - Lithium cloride (10 meq/kg/day) administered to rats for 3 days before pharmacological challenge with cocaine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg) antagonized the effects of the stimulant drug on complementary constituents of serotonin synthesis. This neurobiological antagonism, as well as lithium's antagonism of the behavioral effects of other drugs that can produce extreme moods in man, suggests that lithium may work against mania and depression by "buffering" the serotonergic system--that is, by pushing two adaptive processes respectively to their upper and lower limits, which returns the net synthesis of transmitter to a "normal" range and keeps it there. PMID- 1241456 TI - Lithium research: does it lead to an integrative hypothesis for the manic melancholic disorders? AB - 1. The effects of lithium on electrolyte metabolism can be demonstrated in man in acute as well as in long-term lithium treatment. 2. It seems feasible to integrate these lithium effects with effects on biogenic amines to form an integral hypothesis for lithium action in manic-malancholic man. 3. The results are consistent with one of the following two hypotheses: a) that lithium acts by membrane stabilization and/or b) that lithium acts by interplay with magnesium or one or more enzymes. 4. The above findings and hypotheses direct attention to membrane dyfunction as the basic defect in manic-melancholic states. This may find support in preliminary findings of special HL-A profiles in unipolar and bioplar manic-melancholic patentis. 5. A four-type pump-defect model may theoretically account for the various clinical types of affective disorders. PMID- 1241457 TI - The brain's dopamine receptor: labeling with (3H) dopamine and (3H) haloperidol. PMID- 1241458 TI - [Mental retardation, the general practitioner's concern]. PMID- 1241459 TI - Effect of distamycin A on the primary and secondary immune response of mouse spleen cells in vitro against sheep erythrocytes. AB - The effect of distamycin A (DMC) on the primary and secondary immune response of mouse spleen cells, cultured in vitro in the presence of sheep erythrocytes as an antigen, was studied. It was found that the primary response was extremely sensitive to DMC during the first 24 hrs of culture and then gradually became more and more resistant to the immunosuppressive effect of the drug. Right from the start of culture, however, the secondary response was much more resistant than the primary one to the inhibitory action of DMC. These results could not be reproduced by treating the cultures with inhibitors of DNA-dependent DNA synthesis (such as cytosine arabinoside) or inhibitors of DNA-DEPENDENT RNA synthesis (such as actinomycin D). PMID- 1241460 TI - [The situation of woman today--a psychoanalytic viewpoint]. AB - Psychoanalysis originally considered femininity solely from the psycho-sexual aspect, quoting the Freudian postulate of the 'passivity' of woman and regarding her mainly as an imperfect male without a penis. More modern opinions are based on the specific, general view, according to which the essence of femininity is be to regarded primarily in a special way of the actual condition of human existence. Beside biological and psycho-sexual aspects the social and cultural sides of the problem should not be neglected. However, especially woman's physical nature is indicative of a relationship to others quite different from that of man. PMID- 1241461 TI - [The woman of today from a psycho-gynecologic perspective]. AB - It is uncertain whether the efforts made by modern woman to break away from her traditional position in the couple and in society will be crowned with success. The gynaecologist does not fail to consider in his field that woman's protest, on the one hand, and her affirmation, on the other hand, influence her genital physiology. Her inability to adapt herself may manifest itself in relatively specific disorders, whereas, on the contrary, her equilibrium will guarantee the harmonious functioning of her organs. This equilibrium is conditioned by a profound sense of her identity, based on a perfect integration of her body and her affective potential. If this sense is developed, she will approach the world around her with more or even unlimited security. The author has carefully examined a certain number of gynaecological situations and observed how the patient at one with herself is able to integrate her sex. This feeling of harmony provides an obstacle to the conviction of being at the mercy of a sort of evolutional fate from puberty to menopause. Even when her ailing body no longer corresponds to the definitions of health she adopts an attitude which shows that she accepts herself in all her femininity. PMID- 1241462 TI - Asymptomatic perforation of the uterus with the copper-7 IUD and its management. PMID- 1241463 TI - [Respiratory diseases in poultry farmers]. PMID- 1241464 TI - [Importance of determination of diurnal excretion of aldosterone in the diagnosis of paroxysmal myoplegia]. PMID- 1241465 TI - Mycotic keratitis by Drechslera spicifera. AB - The Drechslera state of Cochiobolus spicifer, Nelson 1964, was isolated from a case of keratomycosis. The patient, a 19 year old man, showed a large corneal ulcer with hypopyon associated with the introduction of dust. The direct examination of several scrapings revealed dark-brown hyphae. This species has been reported as a casual agent of a nodular granulomatous mass in the foot of a cat and in the skin of a horse. PMID- 1241466 TI - [Uro-radiographic investigations in patients with tumors in the large bowel (author's transl)]. AB - At the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, from 1970 to 1974, 154 patients with cancer of the large bowel underwent urography; 80 cases before surgery and 74 after surgery. Preoperative findings, correlated with neoplasia, were found in 4 patients, while non-neoplastic lesions were found in 32 patients. During postoperative evaluation, 21 patients showed lesions by locoregional diffusion of the neoplasia with involvement of the ureters especially by metastatic nodes. Less frequent was the finding of bladder involvement. 30 patients presented lesions due to surgery. Urography is useful for evaluating patients with neoplasia of the large bowel, especially after surgery and during follow-up. PMID- 1241467 TI - [Splenohepatic hemangiosarcoma with laceration of the spleen]. AB - A case of a 31-years-old male with pathologic rupture of the spleen and hemoperitoneum, caused by a primitive hemangiosarcoma and occurred during a weight-lifting is described. A metastatic involvement of the liver was also noted. The patient was splenectomized and died within 2 months. PMID- 1241468 TI - [Community child psychiatry: remarks on 4 years' experience in an underprivileged milieu]. PMID- 1241469 TI - [Healing of the laser-inflicted wound of the urinary bladder under experimental conditions]. PMID- 1241470 TI - [Hydrodynamics of the eye in iridocyclitis]. PMID- 1241471 TI - [Splenectomy in some diseases of the organs of the blood system in children]. AB - Fifty eight small and elder children were operated upon for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (39), hemolytic affections (17), and hemopoietic hypoplasia (2). At the height of a hemorrhagic crisis surgery was performed in 13 patients. Among 17 children with hematolytic processes in 2 cases autoimmune Fischer-Evans syndrome was observed. An intensive transfusion therapy and aministration of corticosteroids contributed to diminishing of the operative risk. No lethal issues were noted. Late results of splenectomies are described. PMID- 1241472 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the reaction of morphological dissociation of coagulated blood in clinical practice (review of the domestic literature and personal cases)]. PMID- 1241473 TI - [Immunomorphological and ultrastructural study of lymphoid tissue after the use of D-penicillamine under conditions of experimental autoimmune process]. PMID- 1241474 TI - [Observation of 2 families with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]. AB - The authors describe five patients from two families with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, among them a brother and sister -- twins. Based on literature data and their experience, they stress the importance of the clinical and electromechanocardiographic criteria in the diagnosis of the family form of that disease, prior to the direct cardiac examination. The possible mechanisms in the genesis of predominantly local septum hypertrophia and left ventricle are discussed, an explanation being sought in the genetically conditioned changes of mitochondria and plentiful utilization of adenosine triphosphate by the defective myofibrils. Autosome mode of handing down with an incomplete penetration of the dominant gen is admitted. The differentitation of the family form of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis is backed up as a separate nozological entiety bearing in mind another possible etiopathogenetic mechanism. PMID- 1241475 TI - [The Moschcowitz syndrome--a rare cause of coma of unknown aetiology (author's transl)]. AB - A case of the Moschcowitz syndrome, a rare cause of sudden coma, is presented and its clinical features and chemopathological findings described. The histological changes as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapy of this syndrome are discussed. PMID- 1241476 TI - [Sudden deterioration of eyesight and blindness in old people]. PMID- 1241478 TI - [The fatty acid patterns of infants under conditions of oral nutritions]. AB - Theinfluence of oral milk foods on the fatty acid pattern of the total serumlipids was examined on 58 healthy infants and small children. It is known that the newborn;s fatty acid pattern is different to that of the adult's. These differences pertain chiefly to the essential linoleic acid and arachidonic acid as well as to the other fatty acids. The time of adaptation to the adult's fatty acid patter was to be ascertained. The result was that a speedy approximation depended on the food used and it's particular fatty acid pattern. PMID- 1241477 TI - [Nutrition physiological aspects of deep frying fats. 7. Effect of deep frying fats on the lipid metabolism and the fatty acid composition of body lipids]. AB - In feeding experiments no differences could be observed when used frying fats were fed to rats in the same amount and over the same period if compared with the unheated fats (partially hardened groundnut oil, soyabean oil). In details we investigated: concentration of plasma lipids, including content of total cholesterol, electrophoresis of plasma lipoproteins, fatty acid composition of plasma lipids and of adipose tissue. Amount and composition of the unsaponifiable matter in heated and unheated fats as well as the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined. In in-vitro experiments we investigated the effect of pancreas lipase on these fats. PMID- 1241479 TI - [Salmonella infections in upper volta (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241480 TI - Studies on the recovery of aflatoxin b1 injected into frozen beef at different intervals of storage. AB - Beef stored at --18 degrees C for 20,25,32,153, and 183 days showed a diminution in the recovery of injected aflatoxin B1. An unusual passing of aflatoxin in ether and hexane fractions of silica gel column was noted. Ether fraction contained aflatoxin B1-like substance from stored beef samples. Probable occlusion of aflaton B1 to meat constituents due to physico-chemical changes associated with muscle during storage was discussed. PMID- 1241481 TI - [Problems during processing and storage of meat in cans. II. Chemical changes in canned meat with long storage time (author's transl)]. AB - By sensory analysis and according to results of objective chemical investigations meat cans sterilized at 120 degrees C for long storage times were at best evaluated, if they were processed after the 4th and 7th day after slaughter. At first the 4th day; after 2 days the 7th day were preferred. 2. For comparison meat cans with long storage time of 5 and 9 years were analyzed in the same manner. In taste these were empty, strawy, and partly bitter. Frozen meat which was processed according to old procedures (long stored without any shock freezing), was regarded, extremely unagrellable. The attributs were adstringend and soapy. 3. Gelfiltration of diffusates showed a separation in 2 main peaks. The first from fractions 90--130 had a typical aroma of a heated meat, after hydrolysis glucose was detected as main sugar component. The 2th peak from fractions 170--230 tasted more sweet with parfumlike odor, after hydrolysis ribose was detected besides other substances stained by anisidine phthalate. 4. During storage substances of peak 1 were reduced in contrast to peak 2 substances. The latter seemed to be responsible for the aroma and taste at beginning of eating, but no fixation at the tongue could be observed in contrast to the substances of the peak 1. 5. Staining of separated peptides--by electrochromatography--with ninydrin received from the diffusates of the meat cans showed some brown coloured peptides, which disappeared during storage. This was in good correlation with the results of sensory analysis. PMID- 1241482 TI - [Changes in the nutrient and energy content in defined parts of the veal calf (author's transl)]. AB - In a study on the nutrient and energy content of defined parts of the body, five veal calves each were slaughtered at the start and at the end of two fattening periods with liquid diet. The whole body weight of the three groups of veal calves averaged 56, 96, and 151 kg. All body organs and parts resulting from slaughtering and partitioning were weighed, divided among 11 groups of cuts, and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash and energy. The various cuts showed different weight gains in relation to live weight. Blood, hide and gastrointestinal tract and also total meat increased about proportionally to live weight, the innards and bones developed more slowly. During the 12-week fattening period the percentage of total meat of the carcass increased from 68 to 72, the percentage of adipose tissue from 3 to 8. Over the same period the percentage of bones decreased from 26 to 19. The groups of organs and tissues showed considerable differences in nutrient content. With an increase in ether extract concentration from 39 to 69% of fresh matter during fattening, the adipose tissue of finished calves contained 13 times the amount of ether extract of animals at the start of fattening. The deposition of fat in the skeleton, in contrast to the soft tissues, already reached the maximum level in the weight range under 100 kg. Among the four defined groups of lean meat there were no major differences in crude protein and ash. In the total meat crude protein content declined from 20.4 to 19.3%, ash content from 1.7 to 1.3% of fresh matter during fattening. The total protein content amounting to 13.2 kg in the group after finishing reached 2.7 times the level of the inital content. At the same time the fat content of the total meat increased from 2.4% initially to 7.7% at the end. The highest level found was 11.3% in the lean meat of the chest/abdominal part. In the total meat about 2.8 times as much fat was retained in the second period of fattening than in the first period. PMID- 1241483 TI - [Personality aspects of the communication experience in the initial interview]. PMID- 1241484 TI - [Influence of the length of day on the seasonal distribution of litters in a cat population]. PMID- 1241485 TI - [Comparative evaluation of treatment of skin neoplasms by carbonic acid and neodimium lasers]. PMID- 1241486 TI - A genetic study of plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase activity in man. AB - Plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) activity was determined in MZ twins and in siblings of both sexes. The enzyme activities were found to be virtually identical in MZ twins. DBH activity was less similar in same-sex sibs, but still significantly correlated. These results indicate that plasma DBH activity is genetically determined. PMID- 1241487 TI - Twins as a natural test of chronogenetics. AB - Monozygotic twins are the best witnesses of the existence of a hereditary biological time, because they would not be identical if they had not also inherited the times of appearance and duration of their common hereditary information. The authors gave the name "chronogenetics" to this branch of genetics which concerns the temporal dimension of the gene and the mechanisms of transmission and manifestation of the temporal characteristics. The "Ergon/Chronon System" is suggested as a model to explain chronological heredity in terms of molecular genetics. An example is offered of a chronogenetic analysis of puberty based on the study of puberty times in 157 female and 154 male twin pairs. This shows the hereditary conditioning of numerous chronogenetic parameters, the extrapolation of conclusions concerning the phenomenon of puberty, and the establishment, in this regard, of a borderline between hereditary and physical times. A picture is finally drawn exemplifying Normal Hereditary Times (gametic, auxologic, homeostatic, and old-age recession times) and Pathological Hereditary Times (auxologic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, immunitary, metabolic, and antitoxic pathology times). Provisional chronogenetic developments are indicated, and a possible advancement toward the recycling of the gene is hoped for. PMID- 1241488 TI - Letter: An unusual ECG pattern in two healthy identical twins. PMID- 1241489 TI - Letter: Motor performances in twins. PMID- 1241490 TI - [Twins in nature, science and society (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241491 TI - Congenital malformations, twinning and associated variables in a Brazilian population. AB - A sample of 6052 newborn children (4968 whites, 1084 Blacks) issued from parents with a generally low socioeconomic level, was studied in relation to congenital anomalies and twinning rates. The observed frequency of major malformations was 1.3% and of minor defects 2.0%. The twinning rate was 1.4%. Race differences were generally nonsignificant in these variables. These results are in agreement with those obtained in some other Brazilian series, but discrepancies were also observed. A total of 13% of the malformations observed proved to be familial, polydactyly being the most common anomaly encountered in this class. The frequency of malformations different from those present in the propositi is higher in their sibships than the general prevalence of defective children found among the sibs of normal babies (13% and 4% respectively). Age, gestation length and exposure of the mothers to noxious agents during pregnancy were not significantly different when the parents of normal and malformed children were compared. On the other hand, as expected, the parents of twins are significantly older than those of single-born, and the gestation length was much reduced in pregnancies resulting in multiple births. PMID- 1241492 TI - The secular decline in dizygotic twinning rates in italy. AB - It is shown that the recent secular decline in DZ twinning rates in Italy was not solely due to secular changes in birth order or maternal age. The extent of the decline differed in different maternal age-parity categories. It seemed to be greater in younger women than older ones for constant parity. The data gave no clear support to the suggestion that the decline is associated with social class. It seems that this secular decline in Italy has not been greatly affected by the use of ovulation-inducing drugs. PMID- 1241493 TI - An unusual case of hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis. AB - A baby with alpha-chain thalassemia hydrops fetalis was born to an Iraqian Jewish couple of Iraqi-Kurdish extraction. Hemoglobin Bart's constituted only 40% of the total hemoglobin, much less than usually found in alpha-thalassemia hydrops fetalis. That this is a particular expression of hemoglobin H disease is considered. The likelihood of two alpha-chain loci, rather than one alpha-chain locus, in this family, is also discussed. PMID- 1241494 TI - [Enlargement of the parotid glands in rats on low protein diet. 1. Changes in the weight of the parotid glands]. PMID- 1241495 TI - [Enlargement of the parotid glands in rats on low protein diet. 2. Histological findings]. PMID- 1241496 TI - [Relation to so-called V-v blood group to salivary IgA level]. PMID- 1241497 TI - [Mucosal damage induced by gastric carcinogens and its role in stomach carcinogenesis in rats]. PMID- 1241498 TI - [Recent trends and future problems of obstetrical emergencies]. PMID- 1241499 TI - [Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the blood pressure and renal renin content in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 1241500 TI - [Complications in chloroquin therapy]. AB - Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are widely used in diseases of connective tissue, especially in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, various side effects are reported in many publications. In general these side effects are less important, e.g. those on the gastrointestinal tract and drug exanthema. Disorders of the haemopoetic system, the central nervous system, and peripheral neuromyopathy are rare. Only few reports exist about fetal damage. In contrary, severe problems result from eye complications such as reversible keratopathy and mostly irreversible retinopathy. If, however, chloroquine is administered, the necessity of exakt dosage and periodic ophthalmologic controls has to be stressed. PMID- 1241501 TI - Specific colour reaction for the determination of lysine and/or ornithine. AB - A simple procedure was worked out for the direct spectrophotometric determination of lysine and/or ornithine in hydrolysates of proteins and protein-containing materials. The method is based on the estimation of the coloured compound formed in the reaction of lysine and ornithine with furfurol. Since the reaction is specific for lysine and ornithine and separation of amino acids is not necessary for their determination the method is suitable for large scale screening of protein samples. The lower limit of detection is 0.5 mug for lysine and 2 mug for ornithine and the accuracy of the method is +/- 0.5% and +/- 2% respectively. PMID- 1241502 TI - Serum insulin values during oral glucose tolerance test in various age groups. AB - Serum insulin (IRI) values during the oral glucose tolerance test were studied in 79 infants and children. Conspicuously and significantly lower IRI levels were observed in the age group of half to two years of age, while the highest levels occurred in children aged 6-14 years. The fall in free fatty acid level was more pronounced in the older age groups. While the cause and significance of these age bound peculiarities could not be clarified, they have to be taken into consideration in the assessment of pathologic conditions. PMID- 1241503 TI - Central action of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid in rats. PMID- 1241505 TI - [Effect of lesions of the prefrontal cerebral region on conditioned defensive reflexes]. PMID- 1241504 TI - The influence of mepyramine and burimamide on histamine induced catalepsy in the rat. PMID- 1241506 TI - [Teratogenic effect of halothane on the rat fetus]. PMID- 1241507 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura and Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1241508 TI - [Hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome appearing simultaneously in the same patient]. PMID- 1241509 TI - [Cellulolytic activities of Macromycetes]. PMID- 1241510 TI - [Characterization of phenylacetic acid in a sample of commercial rose water with unfavorable organoleptic characteristics]. PMID- 1241511 TI - [Radiological examination and follow-up of congenital club-foot]. PMID- 1241512 TI - [Changes in the chest roentgenogram following balloon septostomy for transposition of the great vessels]. PMID- 1241513 TI - [Chlorlincocin kinetics in animals with a disordered hormonal balance]. AB - Distribution of chlorlincomycin in intact rats and animals with an impaired hormonal balance was studied. Estradiol or hydrocortizon acetate were administered repeatedly to the animals in large doses with a purpose of inducing pathological conditions. Chlorlincomycin was administered intravenously for 11 days in a dose of 15 mg/kg. The antibiotic levels in the blood serum and organs of the rats were determined at various intervals after the drug administration. The hormones induced changes in the sexual cycle. Hydrocortizon acetate markedly changed the animal weight and the weight coefficient of the internal organs. The kinetics of chlorlincomycin in the animals with hormonal impairments induced by estradiol or hydrocortizon acetate changed insufficiently as compared to that in the intact rats. Individual fluctuations in the antibiotic distribution was observed in the animals treated with hydrocortizon acetate. The levels of chlorlincomycin in the blood of the weakest animals were higher. No cumulation of the drug was noted. PMID- 1241515 TI - Artificial induction of lactation in ewes: the relative importance of oxytocin and the milking stimulus. AB - Eight ovariectomized and four intact ewes were given oestrogen plus progesterone to develop the mammary glands. The intact ewes (group A) and four ovariectomized ewes (group B) then received four injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon for 5 days whereas the other four ovariectomized ewes (group C) received placebo injections of 0-9% saline. Milking commenced the day after the last of these injections. Yields of mammary secretion on the first day of milking--representing secretion accumulated during the injection of syntocinon or saline--for ewes in groups A and B were significantly higher than yields from group C (control) ewes. After 12 days of milking, yields of secretion from group A ewes were significantly higher than yields from group B ewes which in turn were significantly higher than yields from ewes in group C. PMID- 1241514 TI - [2 cases of angiosarcoma of the liver following exposure to vinyl chloride]. PMID- 1241516 TI - [The occurrence of molds and yeasts in the feed and spermatozoa of insemmination bulls. Study technics for their demonstration and the possible significance of molds and yeasts in fertilization disorders of hitherto unknown origin]. PMID- 1241517 TI - [Effect of fibroblasts from monolayer cultures of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue on the immune response in vitro]. AB - Stromal fibroblasts from the monolayer cultures of human bone marrow, guinea pig bone marrow, spleen, thymus and peripheral blood suppressed the response of the plagueforming cells against sheep erythrocytes in the suspension cultures of mouse spleen cells. Combined cultivation of 20 X 10(6) fibroblasts from all the mentioned sources led to complete suppression of the immune response. This suppression was less in mice immunized three days before the spleen cell explantation into the suspension cultures and was absent entirely in case the pre immunization of spleen cell donors was accomplished nine days before the explantation. PMID- 1241519 TI - [Humoral immunity in mice with transplantable leukemia during chemoimmunotherapy]. AB - The article treats of the effect of cyclophosphamide (CP), and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and their combination on the development of transplantable leukemia-hemocytoblastosis in mice and some host humoral immune reactions. The optimal combinations of the CP (on the 3rd day after the transplantation of leukemia) and of the CFA (on the 10th day) led to increase in the average survival up to 93,9 days (8.5 days in control). This combination also increased the survival of 42.9% of the animals for over 180 days. Enhancement of humoral immunity proved to take place in the course of chemoimmunotherapy. In spite of deep immunodepression after the CP and CFA administration the number of antibody producing cells increased and enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of the serum IgM was observed. PMID- 1241518 TI - [Effect of maternal milk antibodies on the immune response of the progeny]. AB - The influence of antibodies transmitted with milk on the progeny's immune response was studied. Mice were injected with sheep erythrocytes during the last trimester of gestation. The newborns from the immunized and nonimmunized mothers were exhanged on the first day. Hemagglutinins were shown to be transmitted with milk during the whole suckling period and decreased the plaque-forming immune response of the suckling mice. PMID- 1241520 TI - A new and simple technique for obtaining long lasting mounted specimens of Schistosoma ova Giardia. Ascaris ova, oxyuris worms and ova. Ancylostoma ova, Trichuris ova and Taenia ova in Iraq. PMID- 1241521 TI - Giant tuberculous hydronephrosis. PMID- 1241523 TI - The influence of vesical distension on urethral resistance to flow: the expulsion phase. AB - The influence of vesical distension of the urethral pressure profile was studied in female dogs, using a model in which the bladder and urethra were separated. There was a reduction in the urethral resistance involving its smooth and striated muscle components. This reduction was completely blocked by ganglion blocking agents. Atropine did not influence these changes. Propranolol could only partially block this reflex. The other possible mechanisms that could be involved were discussed. PMID- 1241524 TI - [Enteroanastomosis with the use of N-butyl-cyanoacrylate]. PMID- 1241525 TI - [Biochemical and immunochemical demonstration of isoenzymes and the M-form of lactate dehydrogenase in jejunal biopsies from patients with celiac sprue]. PMID- 1241522 TI - The influence of vesical distension on urethral resistance to flow: the collecting phase. AB - Using female dogs, changes in the urethral pressure profile in response to vesical distension were studied. It was noted that during the collecting phase there was an increase in the amplitude of the profile tracing. These experiments revealed that this increase is not mediated through an autonomic reflex and does not reflect a significant enhancement of alpha-adrenergic activity. These changes are mainly due to increased tension of the urethral muscle, secondly to detrusor stretch. PMID- 1241526 TI - [Cerimetric determination of methazid]. PMID- 1241527 TI - [Analysis of the chief glycosides in the leaves of Convallaria keiskei]. PMID- 1241530 TI - The serum lipoproteins as a source of milk cholesterol. PMID- 1241529 TI - Synthesis of peptide substrates for porcine elastase via (4-hydroxy-3 nitro)benzylated polystyrene (PHNB). PMID- 1241528 TI - [Use of densitometry for the quantitative determination of the cardiac glycosides in "Corglycon" and "K-strophanthin" preparations]. PMID- 1241531 TI - Mother woodchuck transports her seven young to new nest. PMID- 1241532 TI - Developmental changes in pre-adult behavior in confined colonies of golden hamsters. AB - Eight litters of hamsters living in a large enclosure were observed from birth to 120 days. For the first 65 days each litter was confined to a separate compartment. Basic motor coordination was reached by the 3rd week. Marking was seen during the 6th week when males began to mount their mothers sexually, but lordosis was not seen in female pups before the 7th week. Fighting appeared at this time with the females being the more aggressive. At 65 days the litters were combined into 2 groups of 4.A gradual shift followed in the relative aggressiveness of the sexes. Females, which had previously initiated over 90% of attacks, became less aggressive, whereas attacks by males increased to the former female level. This unusual behavior for hamsters, where females are normally dominant, may have been due to crowding. Also, severe disruption of maternal behavior occurred with marked infanticidal tendencies. PMID- 1241533 TI - Effect of atropine on behavioral arousal in the developing rat. AB - Atropine-induced changes in behavioral arousal were examined in the developing rat between 21 and 40 days of age using a single exploratory trial on an elevated T-maze. Under atropine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) spontaneous activity as measured by numbers of errors, rearing responses, and stereotyped responses was significantly decreased in animals less than 25 days of age. It was significantly increased, however, between 26 and 30 days, with maximal action on the 28th day. After 30 days the effect of atropine was negligible. These results support the hypothesis of a cholinergic inhibitory mechanism controlling behavioral arousal and becoming efficient after the 25th day of life. PMID- 1241534 TI - Effect of postnatal litter size on adult aggression in the laboratory mouse. AB - Growth, emotionality, food competition, and aggression were examined in mice nursed in litters of 3 or 9 and reared in isolation until testing. Animals from large litters were lighter at weaning and in adulthood and were more emotional in the open field than subjects from small litters. They did not win more food competition tests than subjects from small litters although their consummatory behavior during food competition tests was greater. Subjects from large litters were more aggressive in initial encounters, but over repeated encounters became more submissive. In a 2nd open-field test, emotionality of large-litter subjects was reduced more than that of subjects from small litters. When later placed in group-living cages, subjects from small litters sustained less long term physical assault than subjects from large litters. High correlations were found between the 4 measures of brief aggression. PMID- 1241535 TI - Taste-aversion learning in infant guinea pigs. AB - Infant guinea pigs were hand-fed a 10% sucrose solution and poisoned after delays of 0 min, 30 min, or 24+ hr. Subjects in the first 2 groups showed significant sucrose aversions when tested more than a month later. No significant difference existed between the 0- and 30-min groups; no deficiency in this type of learning was evident even in neonates. All 3 groups showed a lower sucrose preference if first exposed at ages 0-6 days than at 7-11 days. Evidently exposure to sucrose at the earlier ages was less effective in reducing later neophobia to sucrose; although the youngest animals had no evident deficiency in learning aversions, they may have been deficient in learning "safety". PMID- 1241536 TI - Aggressive behavior of juvenile mice: influence of androgen and olfactory stimuli. AB - Testosterone propionate (TP) administered from Day 21 through Day 50 of life enhanced the aggressiveness of castrated and neonatally TP-treated juvenile male and female mice and, to a lesser extent, enhanced the aggressiveness of nonneonatally androgenized females. In addition, the enhanced aggressive behavior of juvenile male and female mice was directed principally toward juvenile male but not female opponents and was inhibited by the application of urine from juvenile females to the fur of juvenile male opponents. These experiments indicate that androgen and olfactory stimuli modulate the aggressive behavior of juvenile mice in a manner similar to that of adult animals. PMID- 1241537 TI - [Epidemiology of infectious hepatitis]. PMID- 1241538 TI - [Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1241539 TI - [A further study of the mutation process in Chinese hamster cells in vitro]. AB - Spontaneous mutagenesis and mutagenesis induced by chemical mutagens in culture Chinese hamster cells were investigated. Appearance of mutations controlling the resistance to 6-mercaptopurine (6M) and reverse mutations to sensitivity was studied. The rate of spontaneous mutations of 6M resistance in cells studied was found to be sufficiently stable: it was independent on the repeated freezing of these cells and the duration of their cultivation. 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) has been shown to induce mutations to 6M resistance in cells of the 237i clone; the rate of induced mutations in some experiments as compared to the rate of spontaneous mutations was 1-2 orders higher. No clear-cut delay of phenotypic expression of BUdR-induced mutations was found. Seven independently arisen mutant clones were isolated. Five of them appeared spontaneously and two clones were induced by BUdR. Three spontaneously arisen clones were found to be reversible to sensitivity. The rate of reverse mutations in cells of the other four clones, did not exceed (2,3-3,5)-10(-6) per cell per generation. The rate of spontaneous reverse mutations in these clones was less at least one order lower as compared to the rate of spontaneous mutations to 6M-resistance. The attempts to induce reverse mutations to sensitivity by N-nitrosomethylurea in spontaneously reversible resistant cells and by BUdR in mutant cells arisen as a result of the treatment with the same agent proved unsuccessful. A method of estimation of experiment's resolving power is described for cases, when no expected events (in our study reverse mutations) were observed. PMID- 1241540 TI - [Characteristics of somatic cell hybrids (mouse x Chinese hamster) with a different ratio of chromosome sets from the parent species. II. Thymidine kinase activity]. AB - The activity of thymidine kinase (TK) was studied in series of somatic cell hybrids between the mouse cell line 3T3-4E (TK-) and Chinese hamster cells M-15-1 (HGPRT-). Four groups of hybrid lines with different ratio of parental chromosome sets have been investigated: 1) three lines containing one hamster and one mouse chromosome set (1 hs+1 ms); 2) one line with 2 hs+1 ms; 3) one line containing 3 hs+1 ms and 4) one line containing 1 hs+2 ms. Mixtures of extracts from the parental cells were shown to possess the expected TK activity. The calculation of the activity per cell revealed that the 1 hs+1 ms and 2 hs+1 ms hybrid lines possessed about 50% of the initial hamster cell TK activity. The decreased TK activity in these hybrids might be due either to a loss of hamster chromosomes or to some inhibitory effect of mouse genome in cells with the studied ratio of parental sets. The enzyme activity in the 3 hs+1 ms hybrid was as expected, about three times greater than that of hamster cells. PMID- 1241541 TI - [The "protective" effect of gamma-irradiation of cells in metaphase of mitosis following V-irradiation during the S period]. AB - 20,1% cells with chromosomes aberrations were obtained after UV-irradiation of embryonal fibroblasts of mice at the S-stage in vitro at a decreasing dose of 40erg/mm2. Subsequent gamma-irradiation at the metaphase of the first mitosis at a 5 krad dose led to a statistically significant decrease of the frequency of aberrant cells observed in the same mitosis down to 11,7%. The frequency of spontaneous aberrations did not change during the first few minutes after gamma irradiation of intact cells at the metaphase. The "protective" effect of gamma rays can not be explained either by unequal changes of the duration of mitotic stages for aberrant and normal cells, or by sticking of chromosome fragments or by breaks of bridges at the anaphase. The death of cells "under irradiation" also appears to be a hardly probable case of the effect observed. It is assumed that the decrease of the aberrations frequency is the result of predicted earlier modification of the processes of realization of potential chromosome damages into visible aberrations at the metaphase. PMID- 1241542 TI - [The genetics of cattle leukemia. I. Transmission, age at onset, influence of the size of the population, purity of the breed, and milk production on the development of leukemia]. AB - The age of leucosis disease of cattle was found to be 6,5 years on the basis of the materials collected on seven State farms. The probability of the disease in young animals was found to be low, and it increased in adult cows. The size of population and the percentage of purebred in herd did not influence on the frequency of the disease. Highly productive animals were mostly exposed to the disease, while healthy and diseased animals exerted no differences in the fat content of milk. PMID- 1241543 TI - [DNA replication and the development of spontaneous mutations in the somatic cells of mammals. I. The relationship between the outcome of gene mutations and the duration of cell life]. AB - The reduction of serum concentration in culture medium to 0,1% was proposed as a method of slowing division and DNA replication in Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Under these conditions the rate of DNA replication was reduced by more than one order of magnitude, while cell viability remained high enough (about 10%) for a long period up to 30 days. The spontaneous mutation rate to 6-mercaptopurine resistance, as calculated per day in cells with reduced DNA replication rate, was comparable to that in normally dividing cells [(1,2 +/- 0,3) X 10(-5) and (3,1 +/ 0,5) X 10(-5) per cell per day respectively]. This proves that a considerable fraction of spontaneous mutants arise independently on DNA replicative synthesis. PMID- 1241544 TI - [The effect of cysteamine on x-ray induction of mutations resulting in resistance to 8-azaguanine in Chinese hamster cells in vitro]. AB - The survival of Chinese hamster cell was increased after the administration of cisteamine (at doses of 1,25; 2,5 and 5,0 mM/ml) in the culture for 15--20 min. before X-irradiation (600r). In the same experiment the protector decreased the rate of induced Ag-resistance gene mutations. PMID- 1241545 TI - [Characteristics of somatic cell hybrids (mouse X Chinese hamster) with ratios of chromosome sets different from the parent species. IV. An electrophoretic analysis of several enzymes of the dehydrogenase class]. AB - Electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gel of five dehydrogenases: NADP dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were investigated in a series of mouse X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Seven hybrid lines with different ratio of chromosome sets of hamster and mouse: 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1 and 1 : 2 respectively were studied. NADP-MDH and 6PGD of both parental species and intermediate hybrid hands were present in all hybrids except two lines. These lines had only hamster MDH due to the elimination of mouse chromosomes. A correlation was found between the gene dose and the intensity of the expression of the MDH bands. The mouse type ADH was detected in all hybrids. The hamster ADH was found in one of the hybrid lines that lost all mouse chromosomes during cultivation. It is suggested that hamster ADH activity was suppressed in hybrids by the mouse genome. The species origin of GDH and G6PD could not be established due to similarity of electrophoretic mobilities of respective enzymes in parenteral cells. PMID- 1241546 TI - [In vitro induction of numerical changes in the karyotype of normal and transformed cells of Dzhungarian and Chinese hamsters]. AB - The comparative study of the frequency of colcemid-induced aneuploidy and polyploidy in cultured normal and transformed cells of Djungarian hamster is described. The occurrence of variants with changed chromosome number is much higher in populations of SV40-transformed cell line (4/21) than in normal embryonic cultures. In transformed lines of Djungarian and Chinese hamsters (4/21 and V-79) the frequency of cells with changed chromosome number was found to be depend on the culture density: the percentage of polyploids was 4-5-fold higher when the number of seeded cells was 2-fold lower. The highest number (18-29%) of hypermodal cells was produced at drug concentrations of 0.02--0.025 mkg/ml. The percentage of polyploids under these conditions reached 10--20. At further increaseof colcemid concentrations the proportion of polyploid cells increased. In Djungarian hamster embryonic cell cultures there were single cells with changed chromosome numbers at a concentrarion of the drug of 0.015-0.1 mkg/ml. PMID- 1241547 TI - [Possible association between epilepsy and dizygotic twining]. AB - The frequency of twinning among 9457 children and abolescents suffering epilepsy and epileptiform syndrom was established to be 1,94%, exceeding that in general population and being particularly high in the group of patients with epilepsy (2,65%). The frequency of stillbirths and deaths in one of the co-twins amounted 18,57%. The proportion of same-sexed and opposite-sexed pairs in the sample examined differs from that in general population, dizygous pair exceeding their number expected. PMID- 1241548 TI - [Fecundity and embryonal mortality of four inbred lines of mice, BALB/c, B10.CW, A/Sn CC57W and their hybrids]. AB - The object of this investigation was the potential fecundity of four inbred strains of mice, viz. BALB/c, B10.SW, CC57W, A/Sn and of their different hybrid combinations. The inbred strains studied had different normal ovulation numbers varying from 9,2 to 11,9 and different death-rate of embryos before (10,99 39,49%) and after (9,05-22,47%) the implantation. The numbers of live embryos per female in the strains A/Sn, b10.cw and CC57W were practically equal to one another, but significantly larger than in the strain BALB/c. Interlinear crosses resulted in a considerable decrease of the totalembryonic deathrate, while the normal ovulation number did not undergo any changes. The number of liver embryos in simple hybrids did not differ significantly from that in the maternal inbred strains. Therefore the heterozygosity of embryos did not affect significantly the potential fecunidity of females. The number of surviving embryos per female increased in the cross between the simple hybrids (BALB/cXB10.CW) X (CC57WXA/Sn) to 8,9+/-0,37. This heterosis was the result of the total death-rate of embryos down to 14,89%. Asit is shown by the comparison of the potential fecundity of pregnant females carrrying homo- and heterozygous embryos to that of pregnant hybrid females, the rate of survival of embryos depends more on th PMID- 1241549 TI - A genetic method for measuring non-disjunction in mice with Robertsonian translocations. PMID- 1241550 TI - [Malformations associated with a single umbilical artery]. PMID- 1241551 TI - [The uterine cervix from adolescence to the menopause]. PMID- 1241552 TI - [The diagnosis and therapy of urethro-vaginal fistulas]. PMID- 1241553 TI - [The effect of pregnancy and labor on myopia and retinal detachment]. PMID- 1241554 TI - [Atypical, Hodgkin-like lymphomas in the uterine portio]. PMID- 1241555 TI - [Clip marking of uterus and bladder for dosimetry in intracavity and percutaneous radiotherapy]. PMID- 1241556 TI - [Franz' puborectal plastic surgery, an alternative to the combined loop operations]. PMID- 1241557 TI - [Proceedings: Longterm results after surgery of pure stress incontinence]. PMID- 1241558 TI - [Proceedings: Bacteriuria in pregnancy]. PMID- 1241559 TI - [Bacteriuria in gynecological diseases]. PMID- 1241560 TI - [Proceedings: Is there a meaningful chemoprophylaxis against urinary tract infections?]. PMID- 1241562 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of prematurity]. PMID- 1241561 TI - [Proceedings: Bladder calculi as a complication after gynecological operations]. PMID- 1241563 TI - [Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the premature infant]. PMID- 1241564 TI - [Introduction to the principal theme: "Premature labor"]. PMID- 1241565 TI - [Preventive measures against infant mortality and cerebral diseases associated with prematurity]. PMID- 1241566 TI - [Total phospholipids and lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio for the determination of the maturity of the fetal lung]. PMID- 1241567 TI - [5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid: a reflection of the fetal central nervous system?]. PMID- 1241568 TI - [Postnatal determination of the maturity of the lung]. PMID- 1241570 TI - [Proceedings: Correlations between the latency of the amnion rupture and hyaline membrane disease in premature infants]. PMID- 1241569 TI - [Proceedings: Cesarean section and premature birth]. PMID- 1241572 TI - [Etiology of prematurity]. PMID- 1241571 TI - [Proceedings: Prophylaxis of threatened premature labor. Clinical results in a prospective comparative study with ritodrine and buphenine]. PMID- 1241573 TI - [Long term use of buphenin-hchl (Dilydrin retard). Results with special reference to the glucose metabolism]. PMID- 1241574 TI - [Proceedings: The value of normal and abnormal masses of the biparietal diameter for the prediction of the birth weight]. PMID- 1241576 TI - [Detrusor disorders and unstable bladder]. PMID- 1241577 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical treatment of severe 2nd grade urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1241575 TI - [Urge incontinence]. PMID- 1241579 TI - [Loop operations]. PMID- 1241578 TI - [Results after surgical treatment of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1241580 TI - [Postoperative urological complications]. PMID- 1241582 TI - [Urinary fistulas]. PMID- 1241581 TI - [Urethrovaginal fistulas with urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1241583 TI - Potent inhibitors of calcification from human urine. PMID- 1241584 TI - Studies on intermittent fluoride administration. AB - The effects of the supplementation of equal amounts of fluoride given at different frequencies on caries inhibition and on fluoride uptake and retention by the molar surfaces were investigated in 3 rat caries tests. In the first experiment fluoride was supplemented to the drinking water, in the second it was incorporated in the cariogenic diet and in the third it was applied topically. In the first caries test fluoride was administered in the drinking water either continuously at concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 ppm F or at the double concentrations of 40, 80 and 120 ppm F every second day for 10 days prior to a cariogenic period of 21 days. At the end of the 10-day fluoride administration period the fluoride concentration in the molar surfaces (F-M) were closely correlated to the fluoride concentrations of the drinking solutions and to the intake by the animals. The molar surface disolution rates (S-M) were significantly lower in all fluoride groups than in the control groups but were not correlated to the F-M. At the end of the subsequent 21-day cariogenic period the S-M were not significantly lower in the fluoride than in the control groups. The F-M, significantly higher in the fluoride than in the control groups, were in the former groups not significantly different from each other. Irrespectively of the fluoride administration schedule, the caries incidences were equally lower in all fluoride groups than in the control groups. In the second caries test NaF and Na2PO2F were incorporated in the cariogenic diet and given to the rats at the same daily dose but at frequencies of 12, 18 and 36 times. The concentrations tested were 225, 150 and 75 ppm F. There were no significant differences between NaF and Na2PO3F in caries inhibitions, F-M and S-M. The frequency of fluoride administration had no significant effects on the parameters investigated. In the third caries test NaF and Na2PO3F were applied topically once, twice or thrice daily during a 20-day cariogenic period at concentrations of 4500, 2250 and 1500 ppm F respectively. While NaF and Na2PO3F were equally effective in inhibiting caries, NaF was more effective than Na2PO3F in enriching the F-M and in reducing S-M. Again the frequency of fluoride application had no significant effects. Because of the lack of influence of the frequency of fluoride supplementation on caries inhibition and the lack of correlation between caries reductions and F-M and S-M it was concluded from the caries tests that in the rat the interference of fluoride with the bacterial metabolism through its continous presence at the plaque-enamel interface rather than the reduction of enamel solubility and the promotion of enamel remineralization seems to be its most important cariostatic mechanism. A second series of experiments investigated the effects of the daily intragastric administration to pregnant rats of either 3.5 mg F once daily or 1... PMID- 1241585 TI - Comparison of the catalytic properties of thrombin and trypsin by kinetic analysis on the basis of active enzyme concentration. AB - The interaction of bovine thrombin [EC 3.4.21.5] with synthetic substrates and products was studied. The enzyme was purified from Parke-Davis topical thrombin. The purification process afforded some preparations with different clottin specific activities but with similar esterase specific activities. The preparation having highest clotting specific activity and that having lowest clotting activity were tentatively named thrombin-C and thrombin-E, respectively. Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates and normality titrants were determined on the basis of active enzyme quantity, which was assayed by means of a fluorometric normality titrant. It was shown that thrombin E was acylated by the substrates more slowly than thrombin-C, while deacylation proceeded at similar rates in the two preparations. The results were also compared with those obtained with bovine trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4]. The acylation rates of both thrombin preparations were markedly lower than that of trypsin, while the deacylation rates of the former were only slightly lower than that of the latter. The effects of various product-type inhibitors, such as benzyloxycarbonyl-, benzoyl-, and tosyl-L-arginine, were also examined. Thrombin was affected by these inhibitors not competitively, though trypsin was inhibited competitively. PMID- 1241586 TI - Rapid methods for identification of yeasts. AB - Opportunistic infections by yeasts have been implicated as one of the major causes of complications in the compromised patient. Rapid recognition and identification of these yeasts is essential for patient management, but conventional liquid medium methods for completing identification tests are cumbersome and time consuming. Rapid tests have been devised based on modifications of methods commonly used in bacteriology. These rapid methods included tests for carbohydrate and nitrate assimilation, fermentation, and urease production. These were compared with several current methods for accuracy of results, for time to final identification, and for economy of time and reagents. In addition, the usual tests for pseudogerm tube formation, for production of hyphae or pseudohyphae, and for growth temperatures were included. The rapid tests achieved 96% or better accuracy compared with expected results, and 46 species of yeasts were identified in 1 to 2 days compared with the 10 to 14 days required by conventional liquid culture methods. PMID- 1241588 TI - Regional neurochemical studies on the effect of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) in the rat. AB - A permanent hyperkinetic syndrome, characterized by excitation, choreiform head and neck movements and circling, which has led to it being called collectively the "ECC-syndrome," is induced in rats by the daily IP administration of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), 300 mg/kg, for 7 days. The levels of the biogenic amines, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in the striatum, midbrain, medulla, cortex, and cerebellum on the day the syndrome appeared (day 7) and one week later (day 14). The biogenic amine most affected by IDPN administration was 5-HT. On day 7, striatal 5-HT levels increased and 5-HIAA levels decreased while in the medulla and midbrain, 5-HIAA levels increased. On day 14, significant reductions in both 5-HT, in the midbrain, striatum, and cortex, and 5-HIAA, in all regions except the cortex, were observed. NE was markedly increased in the medulla, midbrain, and striatum on day 7, whereas on day 14 it was found to be within the normal range in these same regions. With the exception of a slight, but significant, increase in the cortex on day 7, DA levels in all regions were found to be relatively unaffected by IDPN administration on both day 7 and day 14. In an attempt to detect degenerative changes which might be taking place in the brain and which might provide an explanation for the permanency of the behavioral disturbances, the uptake of [3H] labeled NE, DA, and 5-HT into synaptosomal-rich preparations of striatum and the uptake of NE and 5-HT into the midbrain area were compared between normal and syndromized rats on both day 7 and day 14. Small changes were observed but they were not statistically significant. The alterations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in several regions of the brain under the conditions examined may indicate that IDPN's neurotoxicity primarily affects 5-HT-containing neurones. The active membrane transporting system of the nerve endings studied, however, remained relatively intact. This latter finding eliminates the possibility that neuronal degeneration in these areas is responsible for the decreased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels or is the pathology underlying the permanency of the syndrome. These results are evaluated in terms of a possible model for hyperkinetic disorders. PMID- 1241589 TI - The use of 18O2 in studying oxygen metabolism in various behavioral situations. PMID- 1241587 TI - Consummatory behavior as a function of ambient temperature in septal-lesioned and control rats. AB - Septal lesions or control operations were produced in male and female rats. Measurements of water and food consumption were carried out while the rats were housed under warm vivarium temperatures (24 degrees C) and when maintained in a cold room (6 degrees C). Examination of the data from the entire week spent in the cold revealed that rats with septal lesions deviated from precold water comsumption levels less than comparable control rats. Further, whereas rats with septal lesions suppressed intake for the first 24 hr following either shift in environmental temperatures, control animals inhibited drinking only when returned to the warm environment. Both surgical groups elevated food consumption in the cold. The relative amount of food and water consumed during the day (vs night) increased for all groups when maintained in the cold. Differences in degree of reactivity to the manipulations were observed in male and female rats. These findings were interpreted as adding further support to our contention that septal lesions alter the behavioral (rather than direct metabolic) adaptations an animal makes to its environment. PMID- 1241590 TI - Estimation of gene frequencies from segregation data and a study of selection in ABO blood groups. PMID- 1241591 TI - Glutathione peroxidase in the red cells of Japanese acatalasemic blood. PMID- 1241592 TI - Serological characterization of Cis AB antigens in Japanese family. PMID- 1241593 TI - Studies of abnormal hemoglobins in western Japan. Frequency of visible hemoglobin variants, and chemical characterization of hemoglobin Sawara (alpha 26Alabeta2) and hemoglobin Mugino (Hb L Ferrara; alpha247Glybeta2). PMID- 1241594 TI - Hemophilia A in a female. PMID- 1241595 TI - An extra small submetacentric chromosome: possible partial 18 trisomy. PMID- 1241596 TI - Effects of magnesium ion and temperature on the phasic and tonic contractions of the potassium contracture in the pregnant rat myometrium. AB - Effects of Mg ion, low temperature and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the Kcontracture were investigated in pregnant rat uteri. At 36-38degrees C, the addition of Mg ions increased the amplitude of tonic contraction when the isotonic K media contained 2.2 mM Ca (inhibitory effect). When the muscle strip was loaded with Mg ion by exposing it previously to a Locke-Ringer solution containing 1as nearly abolished but the inhibitory effect persisted. The amplitude of the tonic contraction was reduced, and the potentiating effect of the Mg ion was depressed at lower temperatures. The inhibitory effect persisted at low temperatures. The time course of relaxation of the phasic contraction consisted of two exponentials, the initial one fast and succeeding one slow. The effect of Mg on the relaxation during the initial phase was variable, butthe succeeding one always became slower when Mg ions were added. The initial phase of the relaxation became slower at lower temperatures. However, the succeding phase became faster. The above experimental results were interpreted to suggest that the sites of Mg action were two, one being at the outer surface of the membrane competing for occupation with Ca ions, and the other within or at the inner surface of the membrane regulating the amount of bound Ca which is in turn utilized to evoke contraction. The latter is probably mediated by metabolic processes. PMID- 1241598 TI - [Up-to-date views on the etiology and treatment of obstetrical paralysis of the upper limbs]. PMID- 1241597 TI - [The treatment of posner-schlossmann's syndrome. (acute glaucomatocyclitic crises) (author's transl)]. AB - In the surgery two patients with Posner-Schlossmann-Syndrome were observed for several months. The therapy of the acute attack secondary glaucoma was the combination of Diamox, Cortison - and Neosynephrine eye-drops. With Pilocarpine the I.O.P. lowering was insufficient. In one case corneal precipitates typical for Heterochromia complicata Fuchs were observed. PMID- 1241599 TI - [Use of 2-stage continuous culture for studying the physiological state of Candida utilis]. AB - The effect of D2 (second stage) on the growth rate, the content of RNA, and the rate of its formation was studied during two-stage continuous cultivation of the yeast Candida utilis. At the same time, the effect of changes of D1 (first stage) on the properties of the yeast during the second stage was also investigated. PMID- 1241600 TI - [Dynamics of consumption and threshold concentration of glucose during the culture of Torulopsis latvica]. AB - The rate of glucose utilization is lower if Torulopsis latvica is grown on a medium with gradual addition of glucose cf. the complete growth medium. The threshold concentration of glucose, causing a decrease of the respiration activity of the culture, increases in the course of the growth of the microbial population. A correlation is established between the growth phases of the microbial population and the threshold concentration of glucose. PMID- 1241601 TI - [Protoplast production from Candida utilis]. AB - The protoplasts of Candida utilis 295 t were produced with the aid of the lytic enzyme from Helix pomatia. If the cell wall of C. utilis 295 t is not treated with SH-compounds (the best effect was found with L-cysteine), it is resistant to the action of the enzyme. The yield of the protoplasts was 100 per cent after 15 minutes of the incubation with the lytic enzyme if the cells were preliminarily treated with L-cysteine. Optimal conditions for the production of the protoplasts are described. PMID- 1241602 TI - [Yeasts utilizing methyl alcohol]. AB - The ability to utilize methanol was found in the yeast strains isolated from forest substrates (Zygowillia pini IBFM y-655, Torulopsis molicshiana IBFM y-657) and in the collection yeast cultures (Candida boidinii IBFM y-588 and IBFM ) 587). These yeasts assimilated not only methanol but other alcohols (ethanol, glycerol, erythrol, mannitol, and sorbitol), nitrates or nitrites. Their fermentation ability was low. PMID- 1241603 TI - [Loss of nutritional value of proteins in meat products caused by thermal processing]. AB - In certain cases, the proteins in meat products may be damaged during thermal processing to such an extent that their nutritional value is reduced. This might be caused above all by a loss in the availability of the essential and semi essential amino-acids. Cooking of the meat produces no marked change in the availability of the amino acids. More marked changes are observed at temperatures needed for sterilization. The availability of cystine is in most cases affected by the length and temperature of sterilization, which is due to a reduction of its digestibility and to its degradation. The extent of the cystine degradation follows from the difference from the average reduction of the availability of the other amino acids. Since the sulphur-containing amino acids in meat proteins are limiting ones, this loss results in a reduction of the nutritional value of the proteins. Apart from cystine, lysine may also become less available if greater amounts of polysaccharides are present. The reduction of the availability can be so marked that lysine may be considered to be a limiting amino acid. In these cases, lysine is essential for the nutritional value of the proteins in such products. PMID- 1241604 TI - [Protein denaturation in frozen fish]. AB - To inhibit the rapid deterioration of the production-technological properties of fish meat minced and frozen on board, it is necessary to become acquainted with the causes of protein denaturation under these conditions. It was found that the protein solubility in codfish is impaired by formaldehyde which develops from trimethyl-amine oxide during storage and also by the salt content. After 7 days at -20 degrees C, the solubility of the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillary proteins in minced fish meat added with 80 mg of formaldehyde per 100 g of total protein amounted to almost 70% and 35%, respectively, of the value determined in controls, i.e., samples without formaldehyde. After this period of storage, only 30% of the added formaldehyde were in the free state. After 1 month, the solubility of the myofibrillary proteins in waterleached fish meat was by 30% higher than in unleached controls, 80 mg of formaldehyde per 100 mg of total protein having been added in both cases. After 1 month at -5 degrees C and -20 degrees C, only 90 and 15 p.p.m. of formaldehyde, respectively, were found in minced fish meat, whereas leached samples contained no formaldehyde. The solubility of the myofibrillary proteins in leached fish meat (the initial salt content of which had been restituted) was by 30% lower than in the unleached controls. PMID- 1241605 TI - Indolamine metabolism in the intact and denervated pineal, pineal stalk and habenula. AB - Indolamine metabolism in the rat pineal is regulated by central influences mediated through the superior cervical sympathetics. The pineal stalk and medial habenular nucleus also have serotonin-containing cells and an innervation from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). The present study was carried out to determine if the habenula and pineal stalk are similar to the pineal in certain aspects of indolamine metabolism. No diurnal rhythm in habenular serotonin content was observed, but ganglionectomy or decentralization of SCG results in a significant increase in habenular serotonin content. Unlike the pineal, the habenula and pineal stalk exhibit no rhythm in N-acetyltransferase (N-AT) activity; the activity of the enzyme in those tissues is comparable to low values of the diurnal rhythm in the pineal. N-AT activity in the pineal stalk and habenula is unaffected by sympathectomy. Similarly, there is little, if any, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity in the pineal stalk and habenula; unlike the pineal, it is unaffected by continuous environmental lighting conditions or sympathectomy. These observations indicate that neither the pineal stalk nor the habenula represents a 'deep' pineal in the rat but that habenular indolamine metabolism is regulated by its peripheral sympathetic innervation. PMID- 1241606 TI - L-Dopa effects on serum LH and prolactin in old and young female rats. AB - Serum LH and prolactin changes in response to an acute systemic L-dopa injection were measured in young (4-6 months) proestrous, estrous and 2nd day diestrous rats, and in aged (23-30 months) constant estrous and pseudopregnant (long diestrous) Long-Evans rats. Serum LH and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays in serial blood samples taken before and 15, 60 and 120 min after i.p. injections of 0, 3 or 30 mg of L-dopa. Pretreatment serum prolactin levels were elevated in afternoon samples from young proestrous and estrous rats and in both aged groups. Both the 3- and 30-mg injections caused a reduction in serum prolactin in all groups. The reduction in serum prolactin following 3 mg of L-dopa was less in both the aged groups than in the young rats. The pretreatment serum LH concentration was markedly elevated only on the afternoon of proestrus. The pretreatment serum LH level of the aged constant estrous group was greater than that of either the young estrous or diestrous group. Pretreatment serum LH levels were lower in aged pseudopregnant rats than in young diestrous rats. After the 30-mg L-dopa injection serum LH increased in all groups except the aged pseudopregnant group. Although the increase in LH following L-dopa injection was similar in young estrous and aged constant estrous rats, the increase in serum LH occurred later and lasted longer in the latter group. These data indicate that the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary endocrine control mechanisms are less responsive to acute L-dopa treatment in the aging female rat. PMID- 1241607 TI - [Success in a case of fulminant hepatitis treated with extracorporeal liver perfusion and exchange transfusion]. AB - Extracorporeal perfusion of pig liver lasting 4 hr, followed by isovolaemic exchange (6 litres in 1 hr) were employed in the management of coma in a case of acute virus hepatitis. Liver perfusion led to temporary regression of coma, whereas transfusion was followed by gradual improvement in the clinical picture; this was apparently not a direct consequence of the procedure adopted. Assessment of the degree of purification obtained with these two methods offers an explanation for the difference in their clinical effectiveness. PMID- 1241609 TI - Diurnal variation in the feeding pattern of guinea pigs. AB - Male and female guinea pigs maintained under controlled lighting and fed ad libitum exhibit a diurnal fluctuation in feed intake. This is characterised by periods of increased eating activity at the beginning and end of the light period and in the middle of the dark period. However, the feed consumption for the light and dark periods is similar. If the normal lighting cycle is retarded by 6 h, the guinea pigs adjust their diurnal rhythm of eating in the new cycle within 8 days. Similar findings in female rabbits have previously been reported from this laboratory. PMID- 1241608 TI - Levels of urea in the blood and urine of rats fed raw and heated soybean meal. AB - Protein from many sources show negative correlation between their biological values and the levels of urea in the blood or urine of rats or pigs. On the basis of the difference in protein quality between raw and heated soybeans, it would be predicted that there should be a higher level of urea in the blood and urine of rats fed raw soybean meal. In the present study, however, little or no difference in the levels of urea in the blood and urine of animals fed raw or autoclaved soybean meal could be demonstrated. It is postulated that the increased catabolism of the poor quality protein of raw soybeans may be masked by a concomitant depression of liver arginase activity and/or a decrease in the total quantity of amino acids available for catabolism because of lower digestibility of the raw soybean protein. PMID- 1241610 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of luteinizing hormone in the hypophysis and blood of rats during the estrous cycle]. AB - A study was made of the dynamics of the synthesis and secretion of the luteinizing hormone in the course of the sexual cycle in female rats by its determination by the radioimmunological method. Depending on the stages of the sexual cycle there were seen regular changes in the LH content in the hypophysis and the blood of female rats. LH content in the hypophysis was the minimal at 3 p.m. at the estrus stage and the maximal at 6 p.m. at the proestrus stage. PMID- 1241611 TI - Neurohormonal determinants of sex differences in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behavior and body weight in the rat. AB - Androgens produce a permanent organizational effect on the brain of rats during a postnatal period of sexual differentiation. In male rats, this process occurs as a consequence of the endogenous release of androgens; however, exposing female rats to exogenous androgens during this critical period initiates the same process, such that early exposure to androgens results in a dose-dependent increase in body weight. Sex-specific gonadal hormones further modulate this basic organizational difference in that androgens and estrogens have facilitatory and inhibitory effects, respectively, on the regulation of food intake (FI) and body weight (BWt). While the biochemical or anatomical basis of this sexual dimorphism in energy regulation has not been defined, the data presented here support the idea of a functional sex difference in the hypothalamic regulation of FI and BWt. In general, the same kinds of behavioral tests which differentiate between normal animals and rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or lateral hypothalamus (LH) also differentiate between male and female rats. Male rats respond to regulatory challenges more similar to VMH lesioned animals than do female rats. In addition, it has been shown that the VMH may be a primary neural site for the organizational effects of androgens on the brain. Based upon these data and the fact that rats show a sex difference in exactly those regulatory behaviors which are presumably controlled by the VMH, a model is proposed to account for sex differences in energy regulation. PMID- 1241612 TI - Pup-killing in mice: the effects of gonadectomy and testosterone administration. PMID- 1241613 TI - Facilitation of Pavlovian conditioned cardiodecelerations following preshock in immobilized rats. PMID- 1241614 TI - Influence of testosterone on pup killing in the rat is modified by prior experience. PMID- 1241615 TI - Modification of diurnal feeding patterns by palatability. PMID- 1241616 TI - Androgens and agonistic behavior in mice: relevance to aggression and irrelevance to avoidance-of-attack. PMID- 1241617 TI - Alterations in mouse aggressive behavior and brain monoamine dynamics as a function of age. PMID- 1241618 TI - Mercury commutator arrangement for simultaneously stimulating or recording from two small animals in a social situation. PMID- 1241619 TI - [Communicative aspects of studies in schizophrenia]. AB - Family studies of schizophrenics have shown the importance of factors such as a malignant mother-child symbiosis, changes in the family role structure, pseudo mutuality and techniques on how 'to drive someone crazy'. More recent studies concern themselves with disturbance of communication and interaction within schizophrenic families. In particular, the problems of double-bind and other paradoxical modes of communication are discussed by the author. In contrast to double-bind as a sociological aetiological model which defines schizophrenia as a metacommunicative disturbance and evoked reaction of the self-system, the hypothesis is proposed of an intrapsychic double-bind which the patient is producing wihtin himself. PMID- 1241620 TI - Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: the effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on cardiac protein synthesis. AB - The occurrence of cardiomy opathy in chronic alcoholics is well known, but the causes are as yet unclear (Mitchell and Cohen, 1970). Metabolic effects of ethanol, such as accumulation of triglycerides despite a decrease in fatty acid extraction (Regan et al., 1966; 1969), have been suggested as a cause of ultimate impairment of myofibrillar function. The suggestion has also been made that the detrimental effects of ethanol may actually be an acetaldehyde effect, mediated through the release of norepinephrine causing chronic chronotropic and inotropic effects which may often play a role in the development of the myopathy (James and Bear, 1967). It has been reported that acute exposure to alcohol decreases to one third that of the control the capacity of the liver to synthesize albumin (Rothschild et al., 1971). In view of the rapid inhibitory effect, it was felt to be of interest to study the effect of alcohol in the perfused heart to see whether myocardial protein synthesis was similarly inhibited. In addition, since alcohol is apparently not metabolized by the heart (Gailis and Verdy, 1971; Lochner, Cowley, and Brink, 1969). The effect of a primary metabolite, acetaldehyde (James and Bear, 1967), synthesized in liver was also studied. The results indicated that acute exposure to levels of alcohol which decreased albumin synthesis in the perfused liver had no effect on protein synthesis in the perfused heart. However, acetaldehyde, at levels that produce a marked chronotropic and inotropic effect, markedly inhibited protein synthesis of total cardiac protein. To further define the inhibition of protein synthesis by acetaldehyde, the effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on cardiac micorsomes were also studied in cell-free systems. Some of these data were reported previously (Schreiber et al., 1972; 1974). PMID- 1241621 TI - [Studies on the place of destruction of platelets in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 1241622 TI - [Dilatation of the urethra due to coitus unassociated with urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1241623 TI - [Heat resistance of 2 types of protoplasmic movement in Physarum polycephalum plasmodia]. AB - The thermostabilities of the "unordered" and shuttle protoplasmic streamings in myxomycete Physarum polycephalum plasmodia was studied. A comparison of these thermostabilities has revealed that the cessation of the former streaming occurs at temperatures higher than those required for arresting the shuttle streaming. The difference between the two types of protoplasmic streamings is better seen in the rate of repair of protoplasmic streaming halted by a 10 minutes heating at 38 41 degrees C. For example, the unordered streaming is restored 2 minutes after heating plasmodia at 39 degrees for 10 min., while the shuttle streaming is resumed in 24 minutes. It is supposed that the two protoplasmic streamings are independent to an appreciable extent, and that the shuttle streaming, being more complex and coordinated, has appeared in the evolution at later stages than the unordered one. The higher heat sensitivity of the shuttle streaming substantiates a view of the lower stability to injury in regulatory mechanisms if compared to the stability of motile mechanisms. PMID- 1241624 TI - Aluminum: a possible neurotoxic agent in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 1241625 TI - [Immunological reactivity of suckling pigs born to sows immunized against the lapinized K vaccine]. AB - The lapinized K vaccine was used to immunize 25 five-day-old pigs and 27 ten-day old pigs. A group of 10 pigs were also included in the experiment as controls. All animals originated from eight sows treated with a lapinized K vaccine on the 70th day of pregnancy. On the 14th day following vaccination part of the pigs of the two test groups were revaccinated. Three months later half of the immunized pigs were infected with a pathogenic swine fever virus. The remaining animals were infected then in a six months time following immunization. Systematic clinical and morphological investigations were carried out. It was concluded that the 5-day-old animals possessed much lower immunologic responsiveness to the lapinized K vaccine against swine fever as against the 10-day-old ones. Revaccination with the same vaccine on the 14th day led to a weaker immune response as compared to single vaccination. The immunity of the vaccinated 10-day old pigs, originating from sows that had been immunized with the same vaccine during pregnancy, lasted about three months. PMID- 1241626 TI - [Interdependance between age, stage of lactation and occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows]. AB - Examined were for subclinical mastitis within the period of the first to tenth lactation 3252 cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed, 1409 cows of the Bulgarian Simmental breed, 1082 cows of the Bulgarian Red breed, 314 cows of the Iskur breed, and 1086 cows of the Black Pied breed. It was established that with advancing in age the frequency of subclinical mastitis occurrence rose. This correlation varied in different breeds. In Iskur cattle the percentage of positively reacting cows in all lactations was more than twice lower than that in the Bulgarian Brown, Simmental, and Red cows. Highest frequency of occurrence as regards the various forms of subclinical mastitis was observed in the first and second month from the beginning of lactation; in later months it was found to drop to a varying extent with the different breeds, and in the ninth and tenth month it again rose. Highest percentage of subclinical mastitis during the first lactation month was established in Bulgarian Brown cows (44%), followed by Bulgarian Simmental cows (36.88%). PMID- 1241627 TI - [An outbreak of influenza in the swine with Hong Kong influenza virus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241628 TI - [Porcine parvovirus infection and stillbirth in swine. I. Virus isolation from stillborn piglets (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241629 TI - [Porcine parvovirus infection and stillbirth in swine. II. Sero-epizootiological survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241630 TI - [Isolation of coxsackie A type 16 and other types of coxsackie A group viruses from hand, foot and mouth disease patients in Hokkaido in summer, 1970 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241631 TI - [Propagation of the lapinized strain of rinderpest virus in the organ culture of rabbit lymph node tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241632 TI - [A sero-epizootical survey on Hong-Kong type influenza among pigs in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241633 TI - [Effective method of isolating influenza virus on chick embryos]. AB - An effective method for isolation of influenza virus from the nasopharyngeal specimens of patients is described consisting of interruption of the virus reproduction cycle in chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos (CECAM) at early stages of development of the infection followed by inoculation of infected CECAM homogenate into a fresh homologous medium. The new method of virus isolation is superior to the conventional one by a higher isolation rate, economy of material and time saving which is important for identification of influenza outbreaks. PMID- 1241634 TI - [Serum testosterone level in male alcoholics]. AB - The authors examined 48 males, with alcohol disease aged 20-50 and 10 healthy males. The dosing of testosterone was performed by radioimmunologic method with double antibodies. A significant increased level of serum testosterone was established when alcohol patients were examined. Serum testosterone is with the highest values in patients with sexual disturbances and in rather more advanced stages of the disease. The authors explain that paradoxical, at first sight, increase of testosterone in alcoholics by shifting of testosterone metabolism from oxidative way towards reductive way of metabolization. PMID- 1241635 TI - [Rudimentary uterus in testicular feminization (author's transl)]. AB - The absence of uterus has been regarded by a number of authors as a condition for the diagnosis of testicular feminization, although cases with a rudimentary uterus have been reported. However, their number within the framework of this syndrome cannot be exactly determined. In the present report on a 22 year-old patient with testicular feminization and uterus bicornis solidus a double uterus malformation identical with that described in the Mayer-Rokitansky-kuster syndrome was found. Forms of testicular feminization with rudimentary uterus in genetically-male individuals may be explained by the absence of androgens, or the absence of reactivity on the part of the target organ, and a simultaneous disturbance (lessening) of the function of the so-called X-factor (oviduct repressor) during early embryonal development. Our own observations, as well as reports in the literature, suggest a theory according to which testicular feminization may be regarded as a series of morphological variants, from male oriented forms with vaginal aplasie, hypertrophy of the clitoris and male distribution of pubic hair, to female-orientated ones with a vagina of normal length and a rudimentary uterus. The absence of a uterus as a condition for the definition of the syndrome can be maintained only so far as no cases have, as yet been observed with a normally-developed uterus in a typical position. The karyogram showed a small Y-chromosome. Functional anomalies may only be surmised, since Y-anomalies are frequent (3% in a random collection). The morphology of the testes mirrored the functional embryonal insufficiency (pre-pubertal, undifferentiated testicular tissue with a varying amount of stroma and Leydig cells); the basal excretion of testosterone, 17-ketosteroid fractions and pregnane in the 24-hour urine was within the normal range for males. Oestrogen production over and above the "adrenal values" was also present. The values for plasma testosterone, which are in accordance with those of males of a similar age, are considered as indicating the importance of "androgen resistance in the periphery" as a factor in the aetiology of testicular feminization. PMID- 1241636 TI - [Differential diagnosis between infectious mononucleosis and toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 1241637 TI - [Medicosociological contribution on extraprofessional activities and strain in nurses]. PMID- 1241638 TI - [Continuing daily blood-sugar profile in correlation with serum insulin in subjects with normal metabolism as well as ideal and normal weight]. PMID- 1241639 TI - [Serum enzymes in Hodgkin's disease, breast carcinoma and testicular tumors]. PMID- 1241640 TI - [Role of defective virus particles in the mechanism of formation of latent influenza infection]. PMID- 1241641 TI - [Study of the activity of acid phosphatase in biological materials from patients with gonorrhea]. PMID- 1241642 TI - Pattern of cardiovascular disease in Lusaka. AB - As far as is known, no previous work has been done regarding pattern of cardiovascular diseases in Lusaka. Cardiac case record analysis was done and the pattern obtained is compared with reports from other parts of Africa. PMID- 1241644 TI - [Laws and regulations. Eggs, egg products, egg substitutes. Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1241643 TI - [Human meat-borne salmonellosis: epidemiological reflections on a bacteriological survey of the butchers' shops of a large town (author's transl)]. AB - The bacteriological examination of 100 butchers' blocks has led to the identification of eight strains (two from the same sample) of Salmonella belonging to the following serotypes: S. wien, S. coeln (horsemeat), S. newport (poultry), S. infantis, S. derby, S. panama, S. bredeney, S. sofia. The relative importance of these serotypes in the region of Toulon is considered and compared to the frequency of human serotypes, the most important of which is S. typhi murium. The methods used for isolation seem to have little influence on these apparently-conflicting results. PMID- 1241645 TI - [Natural occurrence of progesterone in commercial milk products (author's transl)]. AB - By means of radioimmunoassay the concentrations of progesterone in commercial milk products were determined. The values range from 1.4 ng/ml (skin milk) to 300 ng/g (butter). The results show a close correlation between progesterone and fat contents in milk products. It is discussed that - due to recent progress in analytical methods - hormones in their natural occurrence in food are now measurable in micro-quantities which were not yet considered to be of biological importance; these findings should provoke a revision of terms like "free of hormones" in the sense of "zero tolerances". PMID- 1241646 TI - [Clinical picture of solitary, congenital renal cyst]. PMID- 1241647 TI - More about veins. PMID- 1241648 TI - The structural basis of contraction and regulation in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1241649 TI - The anatomy of the spermatozoon after 300 years. PMID- 1241650 TI - Non-ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic octadecapeptide alamethicin. AB - The biosynthesis of the cyclic octadecapeptide, alamethicin, in a cell-free system of Trichoderma viride has been investigated. It was shown that nucleic acid- and ribo-some-free extracts of Trichoderma viride could catalyze alamethicin biosynthesis. Puromycin, erythromycin and RNAse did not inhibit this synthesis. The Sephadex G 200 filtrate contains a fraction (Kav=0.1) that catalyzes the biosynthesis of alamethicin and shows an ATP-32PPi exchange with 6 of the 8 constituent amino acids of alamethicin. The activated amino acids are bound to the enzyme as aminoacyl adenylates and as thiolesters in a proportion of 1 : 1. About 50% of each bound amino acid could be split off with 7% TCA. The TCA stable bound amino acid could be split by mercury acetate, hydroxylamine and performic acid. N-ethylmaleimide blocked the binding of 50% of the amino acids to the enzyme, proving that some of the amino acids first bound as aminoacyl adenylates are then transferred into a thiolester bond. PMID- 1241651 TI - [Diseases caused by inhalation of organic dusts]. AB - The inhalation of organic dusts can provoke in man various types of diseases, being the respiratory system the most frequently involved. A great number of organic dusts provoke, even in small amounts, in genetically pre-disposed atopic subjects, type I allergic reactions, i.e. bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, mediated by IgE reaginic antibodies. On the other hand, a small number of vegetal or animal organic dusts, may provoke type III reactions, mediated by IgG precipitinic antibodies. These reactions can be triggered by a massive and prolonged exposition, probably even in normal subjects and be localized in bronchial tree (precipitnic asthma) or in the pulmonar parenchyma (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). From 5,000 patients observed in the Allergology Unit of the Lisbon University Hospital, a group of 27 cases of extrinsic allergic alveolitis or precipitinic asthma were isolated. This group comprises 21 cases of birds breeders, 4 cases of suberosis, 1 case of yeasts lung and 1 case of seaweed threshing lung. These last two situations have not been previously described and must probably be added to other situations of extrinsic allergic alveolitis described for the first time in Portugal (Vineyard sprayer's lung, furrier's lung). The same type of clinical disease has been observed in 4 patients exposed to inorganic dusts (fuel oil and plastic). In 2 from 21 cases of bird breeder's lung, systemic symptoms without pulmonary manifestations have been observed; in the first patient a thrombocytopenic prupura experimentally reproductible by skin or inhalation tests with a platelet metabolic lesion marked by a decrease in platelet ATP, in the presence of complex of human and bird's serum. Some of these platelet disturbances can be provoked by a vascular lesion in a type III Arthus like reaction, with intra-vascular coagulation. In another patient with positive precipitins to bird's dropplets and lung histology of the usual pattern in these situations, uveitis has been observed. This uveitis was worsened by skin tests with bird's serum. In a third typical case of birds breeder's disease with positive skin and inhalation tests and positive precipitins, an IgA monoclonal gammapathy has been observed. These patients are always as symptomatic 5 years after the diagnosis. The occurence of thrombocytopenic purpura and monoclonal gammapathy in birds breeder' have probably not been previously reported. An increase in serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgG, but not in IgM has been usually observed in the diseases provoked by inhalation of organic dusts. This pattern reverses after allergen withdrawal. It is possible that the monoclonal gammapathy was related to prolonged antigenic stimulation and proliferation of the IgA producing clone. The increase of immunoglobulins has not been so clear in the some observed cases of inhalation of inorganic dusts. Cellular type IV reactions have been however observed in these patients... PMID- 1241653 TI - [Embryonic development of three Cestoda from the genus Acanthobothrium (Tetraphyllidea, Onchobothriidae) (author's transl)]. AB - The embryonic development from the egg to the oncosphere is examined in three Cestoda: Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rud., 1819), Acanthobothrium filicolle, Zschokke, 1888 and Acanthobothrium zschokkei Baer, 1948 (Tetraphyllidea, Onchobothriidae). The three ontogeneses have in common the following data: -- Two vitelline cells pass with the zygote into the ootype where a thin shell is formed out of a material which comes from the vitelline cells. -- At first the cleavage is equal, then it becomes unequal resulting in the formation of four types of blastomeres: macromere, secondary macromere, mesomere and micromere. -- The preoncospheral phase is characterized first by the blastomere multiplication and later by their decreasing number and differentiation. -- The embryonic envelopes are formed within the shell. The vitelline layer includes the cytoplasm, a vitelline nucleus and possibly the secondary macromere, the nucleus of which always lies against the outer membrane of this envelope. The syncytial embryophore develops from mesomeres coming from the embryo. -- The oncosphere is limited by its owm membrane whose posterior region seems to double in order to form a kind of cap bending over the six hook tips. The final number of embryonic hexacantha cells is relatively low. PMID- 1241652 TI - [Obstructive cardiomyopathy and mitral insufficiency. Therapeutic indications and pathogenesis]. PMID- 1241654 TI - [Experimental studies on the ketogenic effect of high doses of proteins in dairy cows]. AB - A 14-month feeding experiment was conducted with 16 high-yielding cows, each given a daily supplement of 2 kg soya meal regardless of milk yield or the stage of lactation, in comparison with 8 normally-fed cows. At monthly intervals various parameters of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and of liver function were determined. At the end of the trial, samples of liver were obtained by biopsy for morphological and histochemical examination. Supplementation had a pronounced effect on milk yield and fat content, averaging over 900 kg of milk and 0.2% fat content more than during the preceding year. The parameters of metabolism revealed clear signs of subclinical ketosis, particularly during the first third of the trial period. Changes were greatest during the 3rd and 4th months of the trial, when the protein content of the ration was particularly high (over 3 kg) and when the energy supply ratio was particularly unfavourable (PEQ 300). At the end of the trial some abnormalities were detected in individual animals in the biochemical properties of blood and urine, and the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural appearance of the liver. These changes included increases in KK, BTS and bilirubin concentrations in the blood; ketonuria, proteinuria; perilobular fat infiltration with glycogen depletion; changes in succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities. In most animals the liver seemed to have become adapted to a high protein intake. PMID- 1241655 TI - [Tolerance of the porcine kidney for temporary ischemia. (Biochemical and morphological studies)]. AB - Pigs were used as experimental animals to study the relationship between the duration of renal ischaemia and the extent of biochemical, serological and pathological changes. In pigs subjected to unilateral nephrectomy, the maximum duration of ischaemia tolerated without adverse effects on vital functions was 3.5 to 4 hours. PMID- 1241656 TI - [Studies on the endocrine and spermiogenic functions of testes. I. Relationship between the quality of dietary protein and testosterone content in testicular tissue of pubertal rats]. AB - Growing, male Wistar rats were fed for 21 days one of four qualitatively different proteins, as follows: 1. casein and 4% methionine (group K) 2. maize meal and amino acid supplement (group M + As) 3. maize meal alone (group M) 4. casein plus 4% of a 1:3 mixture of methionine and gelatin (group K/G) (These rations constitute a decreasing range of biological activity of the diet.) After 21 days of feeding these rations, the testosterone content per 100 g body weight averaged 80 ng in groups K and M + As, compared with 8 ng in groups M and K/G. Body weight increment averaged 48 g in group K, 40 g in group M + As, 19 g in group M and -9g in group K/G. Total testicular mass averaged 1658, 1730, 1485 and 641 mg in the four groups, respectively. PMID- 1241657 TI - [Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus. Report of a case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241658 TI - [Exogenous peroxidase in the eggs of rats during cleavage]. AB - The presence of exogenous peroxidase of the rat's eggs during cleavage at the 1-, 2-, 8-cellular stages and the blastocysts were studied after 30 minute incubation with horseradish peroxidase (molecular weight 40.000, approximate size of the molecule 40 A). The activity of exogenous peroxidase in the area of zona pellucida was established in the perivitelline space, in the cytoplasm - in the pinocytosis vesicles, in certain greater vacuoles and in certain secondary lysosomes. At the stage of blastocyst the penetration of exogenous protein was greater than at earlier stages. The reaction product was found here in the intercellular space and in the blastocyst cavity. The obtained data suggest possible penetration of the protein from the surrounding area into the egg during its passing the uterine tube. The substances influencing the differentiation of the egg or teratogens may penetrate the egg in the same way. PMID- 1241659 TI - [The rhythm of mucus formation in the small intestinal epithelium of rats and mice]. AB - The diurnal rhythm of mucose formation was studied in the epithelium of villi of the small intestine in rats and mice. The total amount of goblet enterocytes on a villus as well as their amount in the basal, medial and apical areas underwent changes during the day. The period of the greatest mucose formation was noted in the night time. The process of secretion of goblet enterocytes was found to be rhythmical and to alternate with predominant accumulation and producing secretion. The mutual shift of similar processes in the phase was noted at different levels of the villi. In the medial third of the villus the corresponding state is observed later than in the basal third and earlier than in the apical one. The agreement of these processes in time permits considering the villus as a system with circadian organization. The rhythmics of mucose formation in rats and mice has certain species peculiarities: in rats there is no difference in the distribution of goblet enterocytes along the length of the villi, but the diurnal rhythm of the changes of their total amount is more pronounced. PMID- 1241660 TI - Undiagnosed syndrome of psychomotor retardation, low birthweight dwarfism, skeletal, dental, dermal and genital anomalies. PMID- 1241662 TI - [Experimental findings concerning the effect of alcohol on fertilization]. AB - Experiments were conducted on golden hamsters. A study was made of the effect of alcohol on the fertilization process and the early stages of embryonic development. In chronic alcoholism there occurred deviations in the early development of the embryos. A single inebriation, particularly during rut and mating, caused disturbances in the fertilization and polyspermia became greater. An experimental model for the establishment and studying the disturbances of fertilization resulting from the action not only of alcohol, but also of other substances and preparations, is suggested. PMID- 1241661 TI - Congenital malformations in twins: epidemiologic survey. AB - Among 1195 twins born in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, for whom information was available, 219 (18.33%) were found to have malformations, 179 (14.98%) single and 40 (3.35%) multiple. The frequency of malformations and malformed individuals was significantly higher in twins than in singletons from the same population but the difference was entirely contributed by MZ twins. This held true for both major and minor malformations. There was no significant difference in the frequency of multiple malformations. Negro twins were more frequently malformed than white, and male twins were more frequently malformed than female. Twins had a significant, more than two-fold, increase of cardiovascular and alimentary tract malformations, and smaller increases of central nervous system, musculoskeletal, ear, and respiratory malformations over singletons. Significantly increased among specific malformations were macrocephaly, encephalocele, cleft lip and palate, anomalies of the diaphragm, cardiac septal defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, malformations of the alimentary tract, inguinal and umbilical hernias, and cystic kidney. A significant increase of malformations in twins over singletons occurred only in live births who survived to one year. There was a small but not significant increase of malformations in twin fetal deaths and deaths beyond the neonatal period; but among neonatal deaths, twins were less frequently malformed than singletons. Monoamniotic twins had higher mortality, more complications of delivery, and significantly more congenital malformations than diamniotic twins. One of the 9 pairs of MA twins in the study was a conjoined thoracopagus twin pair with multiple cardiovascular, alimentary, and other malformations. The case is interesting because of the medical history of the mother before and during pregnancy, and its possible bearing on the cause of MZ twinning and of congenital malformations. There was no difference in the frequency of malformations among first- and second-born twins. Concordance rates were significantly higher among MZ than among DZ twins for any malformation as well as for the categories of major, minor, single and multiple malformations. In the majority of cases, the twins were concordant for the same malformation. Concordance rates of MZ twins were consistently higher than those of DZ for all systems, but the difference was significant only for the musculoskeletal system, comprising mostly clubfoot. Because of the small numbers involved, the results of the concordance analysis should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 1241663 TI - [The effect of pharmacologic substances on intraspecies aggression]. AB - It is found, that aggression which occures in rats under inevitable painful stimulation is coursed as excessive excitation of the rats. This aggression may be used for revealing the sedative effect of drugs. The method of fighting for the stool which is caused by motivated fighting for the territory was worked out. This motivated aggression may be used for revealing the tranquillizing effect of drugs. Using these methods it is found that stelasine, haloperidol, amitriptyline, imipramine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and benactyzine in small doses have a tranquillizing effect, while pentobarbital and chlorpromazine have primarily a sedative effect. PMID- 1241664 TI - [The immunologic condition of the progeny of mice immunized during pregnancy]. PMID- 1241665 TI - Neonatal respiratory distress due to a bronchogenic cyst. PMID- 1241666 TI - Variations in the spontaneous bioelectric and contractile activities of the uterine muscle in guinea pigs. PMID- 1241667 TI - [Sexology]. AB - Whatever type of practice he may have, the physician is confronted daily with an increasingly important demand for help concerning sexual problems, be they "masked" in terms of functional symptomatology, or be they openly "verbalised" as sexual difficulties. Possessing no real sexological background, [corrected] and having merely heard of "methods", without knowing either their bases or their qualities, the physician is not capable of responding in more than a minimally effective manner. Confronted with this need, american researchers have perfected, with Masters and Johnson, new techniques which have been borne out by their statistical results. The originality of these techniques lies in their being carried out by a couple, centered around the relation of the solliciting couple, and aiming at a psychosensorial reeducation. If the application of such methods, as well as sexology research and training, is still timid in Western Europe, their importance is no way lessened. They represent, in fact, for the psychiatrist, a new way of approaching sexuality, by means of: --medical team work; --"manipulation" of body language; --and perhaps, also... reality. PMID- 1241668 TI - The possible mode of action of iproniazid. I. Differential luteolytic effect of iproniazid before and after the establishment of placental adolescence. AB - Iproniazid, a very specific monoamine oxidase inhibitor, at a dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight induced luteolysis and caused lysis of deciduomata as well as resorption of the established embryos. Exogenous replacement of prolactin, a most consistent stimulant of the endocrine functioning of corpus luteum, or progesterone absolutely reversed the adversity developed following iproniazid injection. Moreover, failure of iproniazid even at a higher dose level in the deviation of the normal sequence of pregnancy after the establishment of placental adolescence strongly tempting to suggest that iproniazid could only show its luteolytic effect when the hypothalamic-pituitary complex is exclusively involved in the maintennance of pregnancy. PMID- 1241669 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the ovulation-inhibiting effect of 19-norsteroids in cyclic rats. AB - Experiments performed in cyclic female rats demonstrated an equal ovulation inhibiting activity of the 19-norgestagens norethynodrel, lynestrenol and norethisterone acetate after injection in oestrus and metoestrus, and after daily administration from oestrus to pro-oestrus. The results furthermore show that, after application of the minimal ovulation-inhibiting doses during oestrus and metoestrus, these substances 1. induce an increase in prolactin secretion, 2., with the exception of norethisterone acetate, possess a hypophysial site of action, 3. are able to induce deciduoma formation following traumatization of the uterus, and 4. maintain the reactivity of the cyclic corpora lutea to the injection of prolactin. The findings suggest that the prolactin-releasing and luteotrophic action of the progestagens studied may form an essential part of the mechanisms that are responsible for the inhibition of ovulation observed in rats after administration over one cycle. PMID- 1241670 TI - Plasma levels of LH and prolactin in cows following enucleation of the persistent corpus luteum. AB - LH and prolactin were measured in plasma of 5 cows before and after enucleation of the persistent corpus luteum. Two cows returned to normal oestrous cycles following enucleation and did not differ from normal, cycling cows, with respect to hormone levels. Three other ones developed follicular cysts following enucleation and had decreased levels of LH and prolaction as compared with cycling cows. On the day of enucleation the fluctuations in LH-levels were higher than either before or after enucleation. PMID- 1241671 TI - Peripheral plasma levels of lh in the cow throughout the estrous cycle. AB - Peripheral plasma levels of LH during the bovine estrous cycle were measured in 5 cows and one heifer by using double antibody radioimmunoassay. The sources of variability of basal LH-levels were analyzed in detail. The range of basal levels of LH WAS 0.3--3.5 Ng/ml. Between days 11 and 14 of the cycle the mean daily levels were lower in all cows by about 28% as compared with the remaining parts of the cycle. This did not seem to be directly influenced by changes in progesterone levels. A single peak of LH was observed around estrus. The magnitude of that preovulatory peak varied from 6.7 to 16.0 mg/ml, and lasted only a few hours. PMID- 1241672 TI - On possible genetic and epigenetic modes of diabetes transmission. AB - 1 In 4058 diabetics, an inverse relation (negative semilogarithmic correlation) was found between the age of onset and the familial aggregation of diabetes mellitus (P less than 0.01). Hence, juvenile (especially infantile) diabetes appears to be predominantly caused by genetic defects (mutations), whereas adult onset diabetes appears to be essentially based on epigenetic factors. 2. In 3890 diabetics with an onset age of more than 10 years, a highly significant predominance of familial diabetes aggregation was observed on the maternal side as compared to the paternal side (P less than 0.001). This finding suggests the possibility of an epigenetic ("teratogenetic") mode of diabetes transmission mediated by the mother. PMID- 1241673 TI - In vivo steroid metabolism in primates--a review. PMID- 1241674 TI - Toxicity of platinum (IV) salts for cells of pulmonary origin. AB - The acute toxicity of tetravalent platinum was studied in vitro by use of rabbit alveolar macrophages and human lung fibroblasts (strain WI-38). Alveolar macrophages were exposed in tissue culture for 20 hr to platinum dioxide (PtO2) or platinum tetrachloride (PtCl4). There was no evidence of dissolution of PtO2 and no decrease in viable cells at concentrations as high as 500 mug/ml. PtCl4 was soluble in the macrophage system and after a 20-hr exposure, resulted in loss of viability in 50% of the cells originally present at a concentration of 0.30mM (59 mug Pt/ml). After a 20-hr exposure, rapidly growing human lung fibroblasts were rendered nonviable by PtCl4 at comparable concentrations. A decrease in total cellular ATP was observed at lower concentrations in macrophages and fibroblasts along with a reduction in phagocytic activity of macrophages as compared to controls. With the fibroblasts, a 50% decrease in incorporation of 14C-thymidine was observed after a 22-hr exposure to PtCl4 at a concentration of 0.007mM; higher concentrations were required to inhibit the incorporation of 14C uridine and 14C-leucine. Time-course studies indicated that the inhibition of 14C thymidine incorporation was nearly complete (90%) after 7 hr in the presence of 0.06mM PtCl4. Under the same conditions, there was little inhibition (15%) of 14C leucine incorporation and moderate inhibition (50%) of 14C-uridine incorporation. Higher concentrations of PtCl4 were required to inhibit 14C-thymidine incorporation into the acid-soluble fraction than were required to inhibit incorporation into the acid-precipitable fraction. Hence, the preferential inhibition of DNA synthesis by PtCl4 may result from an impairment of the incorporation process. PMID- 1241675 TI - [Participation of brain cholinergic mechanisms in the action of neuroleptics]. AB - Tests conducted with mice demonstrated the neuroleptics droperidol, galoperidol and aethaperazine capable of subduing in mice greatly the agressive reaction provoked by an electric stimulation of pain and to distinctly raise at the same time the sensitivity of the M-cholinoreactive systems of the brain to the tremor inducing effect of arecoline. Amizyl (benactyzil) and cyclodol, by abolishing this M-cholinopositive action of the neuroleptics, greatly reduce, at the same time, their antiagressive activity, Il may be presumed that in the antiagressive activity of neuroleptics the activation of the M-cholinergic plays a definite part in cerebral mechanisms produced by them. PMID- 1241677 TI - Ceruleotoxin: an acidic neurotoxin from the venom of Bungarus caeruleus which blocks the response to a cholinergic agonist without binding to the cholinergic receptor site. PMID- 1241676 TI - [Effect of methyluracil on the sensitivity of animals to cardiac glycosides and on the coronary blood flow]. AB - Tests conducted with rabbits, cats and mice showed methyluracil to lower the sensitivity to strophanthin in rabbits with myocardial infarction and in intact mice and its intravenous introduction reducing the toxicity of Adonis L. in cats. Oral administration of methyluracil for one week did not prevent in critical tests a strophanthin-induced arrhythmia in intact rabbits and in those with myocardial infarction. Intravenous administration of methyluracil caused an increase of the coronary circulation rate. PMID- 1241678 TI - Differential radioactive labeling of an 11S globular form of acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 1241679 TI - [The mechanism of temporal connections in the neuronally isolated cortex]. PMID- 1241680 TI - [Changes in the spontaneous activity of neurons of the arcuate region of the hypothalamus under the influence of adrenaline at different stages in the sexual cycle of rats]. PMID- 1241681 TI - Choriocarcinoma of the uterus with intra uterine device in-situ. PMID- 1241682 TI - [Comparative macro- and microscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity of European insectivores]. AB - The topography of the nasal fossa and its epithelium were studied in 4 European Insectivores, Sorex araneus L., Crocidura russula (Hermann), Talpa europaea L. and Erinaceus europaeus L. The following results were obtained: 1. The length of the nasal capsules is in relation to the length of the head in all 4 species the same. 2. The noses of all forms studies, except E. europaeus are very similar because of the trunk-shaped pars anterior nasi. 3. The numbers of turbinals are constant. 4. Of all turbinals the atrio-turbinal is ventrally the rostral one, and in the shrews it is considerably longer than in E. europaeus and T. europaea. 5. There is a maxillo-turbinal caudal of the atrio-turbinal. Both of these turbinals can be found separated by an incisura atrio-maxillo-turbinalis in T. europaea and the shrews. In E. europaeus the skeleton of the 2 turbinals is bridged by a fold of mucous membrane. 6. The maxillo-turbinal is bilamellar in T. europaea and the shrews, with each of the laminae rolled up in opposite direction. The surface of the maxillo-turbinal of E. europaeus is increased enormously by means of secondary folds. 7. The naso-turbinal begins almost at the tip of the nose and approaches the lamina cribrosa, where it disappears. One can discern 3 differently shaped parts of the naso-turbinal: Crus orale, crus intermedium and crus aborale. The nasoturbinal originates out of 2 different structures (the crus orale of the naso-turbinal and the lamina semicircularis) which are ontogenetically different, however, they have become fused during ontogeny, thus forming a structure which seems to be homogenous. 8. There are 3 ethmo-turbinals. The 1st ethmo-turbinal is the largest one and its free anterior tip is found in the intermediate part of the nasal fossa. Its epi-turbinal is an accessory lamella found in the aboral part of the first ethmoturbinal. Except in S. araneus it always appears in paraseptal views between the ethmo-turbinal I and II. 9. There are 3 ecto-turbinals. 2 ecto-turbinals are situated between the naso turbinal and the ethmo-turbinal I, whereas the 3rd ecto-turbinal appears between ethmo-turbinal I and II. 10. There are 3 recesses of the lateral parts of the nasal fossa: The recessus frontalis anterior is found rostral-dorsally of the pars intermediate of the nasal fossa. The recessus frontalis posterior communicates with the former, but is located caudal of it. The 3rd recessus sphenoidalis is actually a subcerebral niche of the nasal fossa in the os sphenoidale. 11. There is only one pneumatic cavity in Insectivores, the sinus maxillaris. 12. The nasal fossa can be divided into a regio vestibularis, regio respiratoria and regio olfactoria. The epithelium of the nasal fossa is similar in all forms studied. 13. The anterior part of the oral regio vestibularis is outlined by keratinized epithelium; posteriorly, by loosing its stratum corneum, it changes into unkeratinized pseudostratified epithelium. 14... PMID- 1241683 TI - [Development of 0-methylhydroxylamine induced mutations causing resistance to 8 azaguanine in Chinese hamster cells]. AB - The dependence of the yield of mutations of the resistance to 8-azaguanine induced with 0-methylhydroxylamine on the number of cell generations that have passed by the time of the creation of selective conditions and the existence of a phenotypic lag period is established. The highest rate of mutations is found after 8-azaguanine treatment in two generations. As the number of generations increased, the number of detectable mutations decreased. A dependence is observed between the induced mutation frequency and death of cells as the latter are transferred to selective conditions after two generations. In experiments on induced mutagenesis, one can obtain more exact quantitative characteristics by introducing a selective agent into the cell suspension but not by treating growing cells in colonies. PMID- 1241684 TI - [The effect of 0-methylhydroxylamine on the chromosomes of Chinese hamster cells]. AB - 0-methylhydroxylamine increases the frequency of all kinds of aberrations in Chinese hamster cells, except chromatid exchange. The percentage of aberrant metaphases and the average number of breakages per cell increases by 5,5-6 times as compared with the control. OMHA proves to be very effective inducer of chromosome aberrations. Since OMHA induces, except gene mutations, also chromosome aberrations, there are reasons to suppose that its effect is connected not only with transitions, but also with some other molecular mechanisms. PMID- 1241685 TI - [Collateral formation in abdominal arterial vascular obstructions]. AB - The development of different collateral routes in abdominal arterial occlusion is reported. In three case reports the possible collateral flow is demonstrated. It is shown that impressive occlusions do not correlate to the symptoms the patients present. Therefore it is necessary to remember the phenomenon more frequently. The therapeutic approach--in the acute stadium preferably surgical, in other cases more conservative--is not presented in this paper. PMID- 1241686 TI - Cell-mediated immunologic status of healthy members of families with a history of leprosy. AB - The cell-mediated immune status of 20 apparently healthy children from families with a history of leprosy has been studied. They have been compared with 20 age- and sex-matched controls from families with no history of leprosy. Lymphocyte transformation tests using PHA, PPD and lepromin and skin tests to lepromin, PPD and candida were carried out. No evidence of a depression of cell-mediated immunity in the children from families with leprosy was obtained. The only two children giving a negative Mitsuda lepromin skin test both subsequently developed leprosy in the succeeding 16 months. One was classified histologically as indefinite lepromatous and the other as borderline lepromatous. This emphasizes the practical significance of a negative lepromin skin test in an endemic leprosy area as a prognosis of clinical lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 1241688 TI - Serum factors affecting the cell migration inhibition response to lepromin. AB - Cell migration inhibition of white blood cells in the presence of total protein lepromin (TPL) was studied in ten lepromatous patients, six tuberculoid patients, and ten normal controls; adding normal, tuberculoid, lepromatous, or no serum to the culture medium. Using normal or no serum, lepromatous patients and skin negative controls gave negative reactions, while tuberculoid patients and skin positive controls gave positive cell migration inhibitions. The addition of lepromatous serum gave a very significant overall increase of migration indices in all groups of subjects, turning to negative the positive reactions of lepromatous patients and positive controls. On the contrary, the addition of tuberculoid serum gave a decrease of migration index in all groups of subjects, turning to positive the reactions in lepromatous patients. The significance of these circulating factors, able to enhance or inhibit cell migration inhibition responses in patients and controls, is discussed. PMID- 1241687 TI - Immunologic aspects of leprosy with special reference to the study of immunoglobulin E. AB - The serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgD and IgE have been determined in normal subjects, individuals suffering from ascariasis and filariasis, and in leprosy patients. Allergic and parasitic diseases were excluded in these normal subjects and in leprosy patients before they were taken for the study of their serum IgE. The circulating IgG was significantly raised in both tuberculoid and lepromatous forms of leprosy and also in filariasis; IgM was significantly elevated in only the lepromatous form of leprosy, ascariasis as well as in filariasis; while IgA was exclusively raised in both forms of leprosy. IgD was detected in the sera of more subjects with ascariasis and filariasis than in normal individuals and leprosy patients. The mean level of serum IgE in 35 normal Indian subjects was 1,025 I.U. per ml, 9 of them (25%) having serum IgE concentrations above 700 I.U. per ml. The highest mean level of serum IgE was found in ascariasis (7,328 I.U. per ml), followed by leprosy (5,180 I.U. per ml), and filariasis (4,244 I.U. per ml). Furthermore, no significant difference between the mean serum IgE levels of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients was observed. Although the rise of serum IgE level in these parasitic diseases, as well as in leprosy, was spectacular, the augmented synthesis of this unique class of immunoglobulins was not invariably present in all patients. The results have been discussed on the basis of recent ideas on immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 1241689 TI - Platelet function in leprosy. AB - In a group of 50 leprosy patients, platelet function tests were found to be abnormal in 44. More than half the patients showed significant impairment in platelet adhesiveness and aggregation to collagen which correlated best with increase in serum IgM levels. ADP-induced aggregation of platelets was not a major defect and Pf-3 availability was reduced only in a fourth of the patients. In vitro incubation of collagen with plasma from leprosy patients significantly reduced its ability to clump normal platelets. This appears to be the first report of defective platelet function in leprosy, and it is thought that such changes may in part be due to increased IgM globulins in the blood and/or to alterations in the collagen brought about thereby. PMID- 1241690 TI - The Kveim test in leprosy. AB - The response to lepromin and Kveim antigens was compared and studied in 15 leprosy patients who were tuberculin negative. Of the 11 lepromin positive tuberculoid patients, 4 were Kveim positive, 1 was equivocal, and the rest were negative. Of the four lepromin negative lepromatous patients, one gave a positive Kveim test while the other three were negative. It has been shown that false positive Kveim reactions are found in a higher percentage of South Indian leprosy patients than in those of other backgrounds, such as Japanese and Malaysian Chinese patients. It is also suggested that no definite relationship exists between the reaction of leprosy patients to lepromin and Kveim antigens. We further suggest that the anergy exhibited by lepromatous patients to the antigen of M. leprae is specific, as evidenced by the positive Kveim response in one lepromatous patient. PMID- 1241692 TI - Letter: Importance of nasal involvement in leprosy. PMID- 1241691 TI - Mean circadian cosinors of vital signs, performance of blood and urinary constituents in patients with leprosy. AB - We have herewith examined the characteristics of circadian rhythms in patients with lepromatous leprosy, active or inactive, allowing a comparison with corresponding properties of rhythms in healthy subjects mapped earlier. Group results were illustrated by cosinor plots, produced directly on microfilm by computer. Eventually such reference standards in the form of cosinors, among other displays, notably of waveform, may be individualized and carried on a person's health record. Such a quantitative assessment of an individual's rhythms in health may serve for rigorous comparison with any changes accompanying increased susceptibility or occult or overt disease. PMID- 1241693 TI - Anthropozoonotic helminthiases in Australasia: Part 3: - studies on the prevalence and public health implications of helminth parasites of dogs and cats in urban environments. AB - Man has acquired helminth infections at different times during his evolutionary history and animals have and do serve an important role in supplementing these acquisitions. Helminth species are divided into those which accompanied man as he emerger as a species and those which he has since acquired from domestic, wild and domiciliated animals by breakdown of ecological, physiological and immunological barriers (Sprent 1969). With particular reference to helminth zoonoses transmitted through domesticated animals, the role played by dogs and cats in disease transmission to man (in urban environments) has been largely overlooked. In the Australasian region, the most important helminth zoonoses transmitted by dogs and cats in heavily urbanised areas as Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma sp. and Dirofilaria immitis. The prevalence, geographic distribution and major epidemiological considerations for each parasite are discussed with the view that future control and/or eradication programs should be based on a sound epidemiological understanding of the natural life history of the helminths concerned. PMID- 1241694 TI - Macromolecular components of the vitelline membrane of hen's egg. I. Membrane structure and its deterioration with age. AB - The vitelline membrane of hen's egg has been successfully solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), guanidine hydrochloride and urea solutions, and its macromolecular components examined. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the membrane solution revealed the presence of three major components designated I, II, and III, all containing carbohydrate and protein. The approximate molecular weights of components I and II were 32,000 and 260,000, respectively, and the sedimentation coefficients were 2.2S and 4.3S. Component III was in an aggregated form which disintegrated into smaller components upon reduction with 2 mercaptoethanol. It was found that component II (4.3S component) deteriorated during storage of the egg with the concomitant formation of degraded components. The loss of this component was accompanied by a gradual decrease of the neutral sugar content of the vitelline membrane. On the basis of these data, the membrane structure and its deterioration during storage are discussed. PMID- 1241695 TI - [Pregnancy in diabetic women. Apropos of 9 pregnancies. Management]. AB - Pregnancy in a diabetic woman carries with it a risk of intra-uterine death for the foetus. In this paper the authors report on 9 cases of pregnancy in diabetic women and the results obtained when a systematic management of the condition involving delivery before term, always by caesarean section, is carried out. It is absolutely vital to have perfect stabilisation of the diabetic state during the pregnancy, in order to do this the patient must be seen very often and brought into hospital early, soon after the 28th week. It would appear to us that caesarean delivery is the delivery of choice because it allows the extraction of a foetus in good condition, at a chosen time when a trained team is ready. It is essential to end the pregnancy somewhere between the 36th and 37th week of the pregnancy and sometimes even earlier if there is associated pathology such as toxaemia. This systematic method implies a constant check on the fetal well-being by oestriol estimations, although we realise that the levels are still low between the 7th and 8th month and that watching a graph that is steadily climbing allows the team to wait until the calculated date for bringing the pregnancy to its conclusion. In two cases the pregnancy was interrupted early because of variations in the graph; in one early delivery was justified by the development of toxaemia and in the other a moderate drop in the oestriol levels led us to intervene early. When there is a drop in the levels is it very important to ensure that is is due to fetal distress and not to daily physiological changes because the risk is of excessive prematurity if induction is carried out too soon. PMID- 1241696 TI - Identification of the chemical structures of schizoflavins as 7,8-dimethyl-10 (2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-formylbutyl)isoalloxazine and 7,8-dimethyl-10-(2,3,4 trihydroxy-4-carboxybutyl)isoalloxazine. AB - Studies to elucidate the chemical structures of new flavins formed by Schizophyllum commune, namely schizoflavin (SF), were carried out. It was found by an enzymatic study that riboflavin (FR) was apparently converted via SF2 to SF1, and that SF2 was a direct precursor of SF1. SF1 was crystallized from water and repeated recrystallization produced yellow needles. The carboxylic group in SF1 and the aldehyde group in SF2 were detected by spot tests. Elemental analyses and the spectroscopic analyses of the crystalline SF1 supported the existence of carboxylic group in the terminal of its ribityl moiety. From these experimental results, schizoflavins were revealed to be oxidation products of FR that C-5' site of its ribityl moiety is oxidized. Consequently, SF1 and SF2 were identified as 7,8-dimethyl-10-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-carboxybutyl) isoalloxazine and 7,8 dimethyl-10-(2,3, 4-trihydroxy-4-formylbutyl) isoalloxazine, respectively. PMID- 1241697 TI - Proliferation of mouse ascites mammary carcinoma MM2 cells in the primary culture. AB - Culture conditions suitable for active proliferation in primary culture of transplantable mouse ascites mammary carcinoma MM2 cells were investigated; kind of serum, its optimal concentration, composition of medium, inoculum size of cells, addition of ascites, conditioned medium or hormones, and others. The most active growth was obtained in the medium consisting of 5% fetal calf serum and 95% RPMI-1640, so far as examined. The addition of 1 mug/ml of estriol more accelerated the proliferation. MM2 cells were found to have preserved their tumorigenicity after 5 months of cultivation. PMID- 1241698 TI - [Identification of immunoglobulins in chicken eggs and their antibody activity]. PMID- 1241699 TI - [Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma]. AB - A new case of hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Weary is presented by the authors. There was no eczematoid dermatitis and the patient was the only member of the family affected. There were similarities with the cases published by Pinol Aguade and co-workers. The authors suggest that this disease can appear in two forms; a complete form (Weary type) and an incomplete form (Pinol type). The histology of the keratotic lesions is reported for the first time. The lesions are very similar in the 15 cases published up to 1975, and the authors believe that it constitutes a well defined entity. PMID- 1241700 TI - [Congenital granular cell epulis]. AB - A case of congenital granular-cell epulis is reported. This tumor is most frequent in females and it grows in the incisive part of the gum. Histologically it is characterized by large eosinophilic granular cells in a very vascular stroma. The surface epithelium underlying the granular cell proliferation is not hyperplastic. PMID- 1241701 TI - [Epidermal peripilar nevus]. AB - A classic case of Epidermal Nevus with a particular peripilar arrangement is presented. Histopathologically, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis is observed. The indemnity of the hair appendages was demonstrated in three biopsies. Some observations are made about the classification of the epidermal nevus following recent research which includes epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and linear includes epidermolytic hyperkatosis and linear inflammatory nevus. Follicular and comedo nevus, which was included in the differential diagnosis of this patient, is discussed. PMID- 1241702 TI - [Is there chromomycosis in Spain?]. AB - The first case of autochthonous chromomycosis in Spain is described by the author. The patient lived in the Valencia province and the mycologic investigation was carried out by Prof. Dante Borelli of Venezuela. PMID- 1241703 TI - [Transformation of an intraepidermic epithelioma into spinous cell malpighian epithelioma]. AB - A case of carcinomatous transformations of an intraepidermal epithelioma is presented by the authors. The rarity of this transformation is emphasized. PMID- 1241704 TI - [Annulus migrans and bacterid of Andrews]. AB - A case of annulus migrans associated with a Pustular Bacterid of Andrews is presented by the authors. The relationship between annulus migrans and psoriasis is discussed. PMID- 1241705 TI - [Postoperative synergistic progressive gangrene]. AB - A case of synergistic postoperative progressive gangrene is presented. After a bibliographic review and a description of the main clinical chacteristics of the condition, the authors emphasize the fact that tests for cell mediated immunity showed slight impairment. Howeves the immediate type sensitivity tests and the leucocyte function were normal. The patient was treated successfully with fusidic acid after other antibiotics had proved ineffective. PMID- 1241706 TI - [Basal and spinous cell epitheliomas]. AB - A study on 502 epithelial cutaneous cancers was carried out by the authors. The study included 377 basal cell carcinomas (57,5% in males and 42,4% in females) and 125 squamous cell carcinomas (78,4% in males and 21,6% in females). The basal cell carcinomas in both sexs had an earlier onset than the squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 1241707 TI - [Cutaneous manifestations and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1241708 TI - [Studies of heart reactive antibodies in rheumatic fever]. PMID- 1241709 TI - The place of Bactrim and Vibramycin in acute salpingitis. PMID- 1241710 TI - Blood-vessel neoplasms in children: epidemiologic aspects. AB - In a search for etiologic leads to blood-vessel neoplasms, we examined 111 death certificates of U.S. children who died from 1960 to 1968 of angiosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, and hemangiopericytoma and 127 medical records of similar cases from 12 institutes. The available data provided no leads to environmental agents (vinyl chloride, thorotrast, arsenic) that can produce vascular liver tumors in adults, but one infant, who died from a hepatic tumor, lived within a mile of an industrial source of polyvinyl chloride. About half of the children with hepatic hemangioendotheliomas had associated skin hemangiomas, which may aid in the differential diagnosis of liver tumors in infancy. Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas also predominated in girls, a possible clue to the origin of the tumor. A familial influence was suggested by one sibling aggregation of cutaneous hemangioendotheliomas. PMID- 1241711 TI - [Microsurgical experiments in 12 cases of intramedullary hemangioblastomas]. AB - 12 patients (8 males and 4 females) operated on for intramedullary hemangioblastomas, using microsurgical techniques are presented. Special consideration is given to the clinical and pathological aspects. The results of surgery are discussed. The family history is positive in 4 cases. Clinical aspect : a) the initial symptoms is usually pain (9 patients) motor deficits were present in 2 cases. Only 1 patient presented visual disturbances at the beginning of the disease. b) the interval of time between the first symptom and the fully developped clinical picture is shorter than 1 year in 4 patients and longer (up to 18 years) in 8 patients. c) the full clinical picture consists of motor deficit, sensory disturbances (especially dorsal columns), cerebellar signs, raised intracranial pressure, sphincter disturbances, retinal angiomas, arterial hypertension and psychoorganic syndrome in decreasing order of frequence. Pathological findings at opsurgery : There are. a) 3 cases of hemangioblastomas at the bulbo-cervical junction b) 5 cases of cerebello-medullary hemangoblastomas. c) 4 cases of medullary hemangioblastomas. 1 patient had renal and pancreatic cysts. 2 patients had pheochromocytomas with arterial hypertension. Operative technique. Microsurgical techniques, bipolar coagulation, and continuous irrigation of the operative field are of primordial importance. The tumor must be approached from the periphery and never from the center. One should coagulate the afferent vessels first and the efferent vessels only at the end. Results of surgery. In 1 case, only a partial removal was possible and the patient did not improve. A complete removal was possible in 11 patients with the following results : -- 4 patients are in excellent condition and have a normal socio-professional life. -- 5 patients improved and are independant. The are able to perform partial time-work. -- 1 patient, with bulbar extension of the tumor improved from the motor point of view, but he presents a permanent. deficit of the IX, X, XI cranial nerves. He has a permanent tracheal canula. -- 1 patient improved following surgery, but he died 12 months later (stress ulcer and cardiac decompensation). The autopsy revealed a recurrence of the cerebellar tumor. PMID- 1241712 TI - [Statistical notes and long-term results in 178 patients operated for benign breast diseases]. AB - 178 patients of both sexes operated on for benign conditions of the mamilla between 1957 and 1967 were reviewed and the results are reported. The most frequent condition was sclerocystic mastosis, followed by benign cancer and forms with chronic inflammatory aetiology. The most affected sex, obviously, was the female. At follow-up, on average 9 yrs after operation, 19 female patients reported the reappearance of benign neoformations of the mamilla while carcinoma had occurred in a further 7 patients. PMID- 1241713 TI - [Sonagraphic assessment of biparietal diameter and fetal weight in a sample of the population from the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia]. PMID- 1241714 TI - Intimal alterations of the aorta and the great arteries of newborn and children. PMID- 1241715 TI - Natural history of primary lymphedema of the legs. PMID- 1241716 TI - [Lymphography of the vessels of the upper limbs]. PMID- 1241717 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic importance of metabolism of endogenic corticosteroids in children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1241718 TI - [The Shereshevskii--Turner syndrome in monozygotic twins]. AB - The authors present data on the clinico-cytogenetic, roentgenological, hormonal and anthropometric examination of monozygotic twins with the Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. Mosaicism (45,X/46,XX) was revealed in both sisters, but the correlation of normal and anomalous cellular clones proved to differ. There was a great similarity between the twins, the size of their body, signs of dermatogliphics and odontology; however somatic features of the Shereshevsky Turner syndrome and sexual insufficiency with a more pronounced increase in gonadotropins and phenomena of the CNS irritation were revealed in the patient with the prevalence of anomalous 45,X clone. PMID- 1241719 TI - [Our experience in surgical treatment of diseases of the blood system]. PMID- 1241720 TI - Assay of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine, and failure to detect more than small quantities, in plasma of responding schizophrenics. AB - A method for the assay of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine in biological fluids is described. The stages of the method are extraction into ether, back extraction into acid, alkalinisation and further extraction into ether, evaporation of the extract to dryness, and gas-chromatography of the extracted material as a silylated derivative using conditions previously described for chlorpromazine. The method is applicable to certain other hydroxylated chlorpromazines, but it is not superior to existing methods for the assay of nonhydroxylated analogues. Only small quantities of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine were detected in the plasma of schizophrenics showing a satisfactory clinical response, even when the compound was present in urine, providing strong evidence that the presence of 7 hydroxychlorpromazine in blood is not a pre-requisite of successful therapy. PMID- 1241721 TI - [Stress factors in suburban settlements]. PMID- 1241722 TI - Human infections with babesia. PMID- 1241723 TI - Letter: Leishmania from a hyrax in South West Africa. PMID- 1241724 TI - [In vitro effect of acetylcholine on the twitch tension of denervated skeletal muscle]. PMID- 1241725 TI - [Use of ectericide in the out-patient surgical practice]. PMID- 1241726 TI - [Reduction of residual nitrite in boiled sausages]. AB - The authors put forward a new principle for colouration of cooked products, based on the use in the composition of the curing mixture of disodium hemin chloride (3 mg%), this enabling it to reduce the amount of the introduced nitrite down to 3 mg%. The advantage of the said curing mixtures consists also in that the sausages produced with this curing mixture did not demonstrate the presence of any residual nitrite and N-nitrose-amine compounds, whereas in control specimens (7.5 mg% of nitrite) they were present. PMID- 1241727 TI - [Studies on the significance of raw-meat consumption and contact with animals for toxoplasma infection in man]. PMID- 1241728 TI - [Precipitin and latex reaxtions with streptolysin and their significance for clinical practice]. PMID- 1241729 TI - [Morphometric studies on the cells of the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei of milked and unmilked cows]. AB - By morphometric methods the quantitative changes of cell, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus and also of the contents of secretes from the neurosecreting cells of the N.S.O. (Pars parvocellularis and Pars magnocellularis) and N.P.V. from unmilked and milked cows was investigated. This single parameters change in N.S.O. and N.P.V. approximately in the same rhythm. The nucleus-plasma-relation is only unessential influenced. The cytoplasm of the neurosecreting cells of the N.P.V. from unmilked and milked cows is greater ca 6 once, than the nucleus of this. The cytoplasm of the neurosecreting cells of the N.S.O. is greater ca 5 once. A maximal increase of the size of the single parameters and so the greatest activity were observed in the neurosecreting cells of the N.S.O. and N.P.V. of cows, which were prepared 15 min after milking. 60 min after milking of the cows they reach the initial value. The reaction to the milking stimulus is maximal 3 once greater in the neurosecreting cells of the N.P.V. than in the N.S.O. To the same time after the milking stimulus the contents of secretes is maximal diminished about 10 once in the N.P.V. and about 8 once in the N.S.O. The conception that in the N.P.V. the hormon oxytocin is synthetized, is anew supported. PMID- 1241730 TI - [The inside surface of the rat esophagus during ontogenesis]. AB - The surface architecture of rat esophagus during the ontogeny is studied. Single cilia on the cells of the apical surface can be observed with the scanning electron microscope till the day 17 of the fetal period. Ciliogenesis and function of the single cilia are discussed by literature. Based upon results of our investigations we give the following interpretation: The single cilia are responsible for differentiation of the transitional columnar epithelium. The stop of mitosis, which is connected to constitution of single cilia, allows the formation of cell organelles. About the day 21 after conception ciliary cells are found. Their function is still unknown. They are observed on the esophageal surface at the same time, when primary ciliary cells arise on the trachea of the rat. The columnar epithelial cells transform into a squamous epithelium within 48 hours. The keratinisation and exfoliation of the surface cells occur definitely post-partum. PMID- 1241731 TI - Morphometric affinities in the forelimb of anthropoid primates. PMID- 1241732 TI - [Postnatal telencephalic development of the white rat]. PMID- 1241733 TI - [Influence of light and diurnal rhythm on "ribbon-synapses" in the retina]. PMID- 1241734 TI - [Differentiation of spermatozoa in the marine gastrotricha Turbanella cornuta Remane (order Macrodasyoidea)]. PMID- 1241735 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy observations on the appendiceal mucosa of the bovine fetus]. PMID- 1241736 TI - [Diurnal variability of hypertensive reaction to every-day stress in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 1241737 TI - [Thoracic-duct lymph drainage: day-night rhythm of lymph flow in patients with malignant nonHodgkin's lymphomas and relative lymphocytopenia of the lymph in chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 1241738 TI - [The failure of splenectomy in Werlhof's disease]. PMID- 1241739 TI - [Intraindividually controlled studies in man on the inhibition of exocrine pancreas secretion using salmon calcitonin]. PMID- 1241740 TI - [Diurnal changes in biliary cholesterol saturation]. PMID- 1241741 TI - [Diurnal variations of lithogenicity in postoperatively collected bile]. PMID- 1241742 TI - [Diurnal profile and variations in fasting values of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in healthy subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1241743 TI - [Significance of intestinal passage time on bile acid excretion and lithogenicity of the bile]. PMID- 1241744 TI - [Hemodynamic changes due to single and coupled stimulation in patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1241745 TI - [Significance of the electrocardiogram and endomyocardial catheter biopsy for the diagnosis and disease-course observation of congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1241746 TI - [Experimental studies on the effect of chronic alcoholism on hemodynamics and metabolism of the myocardium]. PMID- 1241747 TI - [Diagnosis and prevention of pigeon-breeders disease]. PMID- 1241748 TI - [Statistical problems in the determination of normal values and patterns of findings]. PMID- 1241749 TI - [Role of immunoglobulin research in studies of the clinical pattern, pathogenesis and therapy of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1241750 TI - [Present-day problems of etiology and epidemiology of scleroma]. PMID- 1241751 TI - [Mushrooms as indicators of mercury emissions (author's transl)]. AB - For various wildlife mushrooms from different geological districts of Austria the natural contents of mercury was determined. Compared to these results, mushrooms collected within the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant contain about 10-times more mercury; occassionally up to 100 ppm calculated on dry matter. As fall leaves and fall needles in the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant contain high levels of mercury, it is clear, that species of mushrooms with a very extended mycel in the soil, respectively mushrooms which purely decompose vegetable mould, accumulate mercury to a high extent. As indicator organisms in the study of mercury pollution, the nearly everywhere frequently growing species: lycoperdon gemmatum; mycena pura and all collybiaceae are suitable. PMID- 1241752 TI - Behavior of captive mouse deer, Tragulus napu. AB - 1. The behavior of a breeding colony of larger Malayan mouse deer was observed for seven months. 2. Mouse deer produce a noise by stamping with one or both hind feet when slightly alarmed. Other individuals may or may not stamp in response. 3. Both males and females mark objects with the inter-mandibular gland. Males mark much more frequently than females. 4. Males often lick the urine of females; less frequently, females lick the urine of males. Mouse deer do not "flehmen" in response to urine. 5. Males court both receptive and unreceptive females. Courting males mark the female on the back or rump with the inter-mandibular gland and emit a series of squeaks. The behavior of both unreceptive and receptive females and copulation are described. 6. Females have a post-partum estrus and return to estrus at approximately 14 day intervals unless they become pregnant. 7. Mothers spend little time with infants. Mothers emit a vocalization which sounds like the squeak of courting males. Both mothers and infants emit a higher pitched vocalization. If her infant emitted this vocalization the mother answered and approached and stood by it. The mother nurses in a standing position and raises the hind leg on the side towards the infant. 8. Intense agonistic behavior was seen only when strange individuals were introduced into established groups. Males fight by facing each other and biting each other on the ears, neck, and shoulders with their large upper canines. Fighting males usually hold the tail in a vertical position, exposing the white ventral surface, and may emit loud growls. If one male flees, the other pursues and attempts to bite him on the neck and body. 9. Mouse deer are morphologically primitive and many of their motor patterns are also thought to be primitive. 10. The behavior of all four living tragulid species appears to be quite similar, both with respect to motor patterns and social behavior. PMID- 1241754 TI - The ultrastructure of pulmonary lymphatic vessels and capillaries. PMID- 1241753 TI - [Determination of the participation of early-childhood brain damage on school failures and behavior disorders]. PMID- 1241755 TI - [New data on the structure and the budding of FV3 (frog virus 3) (author's transl)]. AB - The freeze-etching technique when applied to FV3 suspensions revealed the perfectly icosahedral structure of the viral nucleocapsids. This allowed a fine substructure suggesting the existence of numerous subunits of small dimensions to be detected at their surface. Observations of the replicas of infected cells obtained by freeze-etching revealed modifications of the external face of the cytoplasmic membrane occurring at the level of the budding viral particles; in these zones parallel stripes appeared, whose elementary structure is constant (13,5 nm). Observations of the infected cells with the scanning microscope enabled the spreading of the budding process on all the cells of a same culture to be studied. By counting the number of budding particles per mum2, it was possible to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the budding process at the surface of the cells. PMID- 1241756 TI - [Study of viral specific RNA synthesis in FHM and RTG-2 cells infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus (author's transl)]. AB - In FHM and RTG-2 cells infected with IPN virus two types of viral directed RNAs where isolated in the presence of 0.5 mug/ml actinomycin D. One type, sedimenting at 14-15 S in sucrose gradients, was shown to be resistant to digestion by pancreatic RNase and did not precipitate in presence of lithium chloride 2 M. Furthermore the molecules sedimented in the same way as the double stranded RNA extracted from purified virions. The second type of RNA, sedimenting at 23-24 S, was sensitive to RNase and was precipitable by LiCl, indicating that it was single-stranded. Additionally it was shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that this type of RNA resolved into four peaks. The single stranded 23-24 S RNA was detectable in cells from the third hour following infection; it represents the major portion of total viral directed RNA that was synthesized during a cycle of replication. The synthesis of both single stranded and double stranded RNA increased exponentionally until the 7th hour post-infection and began to decrease at about 10 hours. PMID- 1241757 TI - [Some research prospects concerning dysfunctional gonadal pathology]. PMID- 1241758 TI - Preferential solvation of methylmercurated calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 1241760 TI - [Action of amantadine of fibroblasts tissue cultive. Urea interaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241759 TI - Hemoglobin transition in erythrocytes of developing chick. Studies with cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. PMID- 1241761 TI - [Anticomplementary activity of serums from subjects affected by neoplastic processes]. AB - The Author studied the anticomplementary activity of 46 serums from patients affected by different tumours. The research has been positive on 49% of patients. Negative nearly constantly in mieloid and lymphatic leukemias. The highest percentage of activity was observed in the serums of patients affected by pulmonary cancers, histioleukemias and myelomas. Have been also studied the factors III-IV of the complement. PMID- 1241762 TI - [The central action of intraventricular 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241763 TI - [Studies on improving the fertility of aged sows. 1. Macroscopic studies on cyclic changes in the swine ovary, especially in follicles and corpus luteum, as a basis for the determination of the cyclic state and ovulation rate]. PMID- 1241764 TI - [Studies on improving the fertility of aged sows. 2. Results of histological studies on the structure of the endometrium in aged sows during estrous cycle]. AB - Histomorphological and histometric techniques were employed to study cyclic processes in the endometrium. Specimens of uterus were obtained on the 1st, 5th, 8th, 13th, 17th and 21st days of the cycle. The effect of oestrogens, which are produced in large amounts during pro-oestrus, oestrus and to some extent in metoestrus, was reflected in proliferative processes in the epithelium, with increases in the cell population, thickness of the epithelium, and height of the superficial and glandular epithelium. During oestrus the subepithelial layer was broad and was rich in lymphocytes and neutrophile grandulocytes, while the lamina propria showed considerable oedema and hyperaemia. The action of gestagens during dioestrus led to an increase in glandular structures due to the development of more convolutions and a more even distribution of glands throughout the entire propria. There was evidence of active glandular secretion, which during the course of dioestrus resulted in a relatively low and single-layered superficial and glandular epithelium. PMID- 1241765 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity on human tumor cells in vitro. AB - Tumor cells of 30 patients suffering from different kinds of malignant tumors were established in culture. Various numbers of autologous and allogeneic PHA stimulated as well as not stimulated lymphocytes were added to the cultures. 48 hours later, as evaluated by morphological observation, the lymphocytes caused a more or less cytotoxic effect in 80% of the cases, which is believed to be specific. This effect was distinctly inhibited in presence of the patient's own plasma in 71% in the sense of immunological enhancement. Cross reactivity between two patients having the same type of tumor was observed. The cytotoxic effect shows a certain correlation to the PHA transformation ability and increases with increasing numbers of lymphoid cells applied. It is supposed that in this manner the strength of an existing cell-mediated immunity against the tumor in every individual patient possibly can be assessed and, besides, an inhibiting humoral factor can be found out. Perhaps this can be valuable as an indicator for chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer. PMID- 1241766 TI - Future trends in the application of new sources of protein. PMID- 1241768 TI - [Histological study of experimental argon laser coagulations (preliminary study)]. PMID- 1241767 TI - [Myolytic activity of a new antilipemic agent: bis-(hydroxyethyl-thio)-1,10-decan (Thiadenol)]. PMID- 1241769 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on uterine contractions in the estrous ewe. PMID- 1241770 TI - Induction of ovulation and fertilization in the 90-day-old ewe lamb. PMID- 1241771 TI - Detection of oestrus in the african elephant (Loxodonta africana). PMID- 1241773 TI - Early life undernutrition and aggression in two mouse strains. AB - Early undernutrition was shown to be correlated with increased aggression in adult mice after isolation. This was significant in numbers of fights and shorter latency to fight in the DBA/2J strain. Lower 5HIAA in the brain after pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor was found in the undernourished group. PMID- 1241772 TI - Effects of early experience and dexamethasone on adrenocortical reactivity. AB - This investigation tested the hypothesis that changes in circulating adrenocortical hormones mediate the long term effects of shocking infant rats. Dexamethasone administered through the mothers' milk was used to block adrenocortical responses to peripheral shock stimulation by the young. Control experiments indicated that the dexamethasone was present in the pups as early as 2 days after the mothers began drinking water containing dexamethasone. Shock reduced adrenocortical reactivity under conditions where the mother and the young were capable of an adrenocortical response to the shock, where either the mother or the young could have a response, and where neither the mother nor the young could have an adrenocortical response to this early stimulation. These data do not support the hypothesis that a pituitary-adrenocortical response of either the mother or the young mediates the effects of stimulation in infancy on subsequent adrenocortical reactivity. PMID- 1241775 TI - [Echocardiography of the mitral valve]. PMID- 1241774 TI - [Study of the indicators of external respiration at different periods after surgery in patients with lung abnormalities and acquired suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 1241776 TI - Histamine fluorescence in group forming peritoneal cells of the rat embryo. AB - In the peritoneal fluid of 18-21-day-old rat embryos the lymphocytes form groups and give an intensive yellow - histamine - fluorescence. The group contain myeloid elements, too. After birth the fluorescence disappears. PMID- 1241777 TI - [Numerical variations in the platelets in blood taken from the jugular vein of cattle, in relation to the stage of the oestrous cycle]. AB - The variations in the blood platelet counts were determined in cows during the oestrous cycle. The results confirmed the existence of variations and considerable fluctuations and also revealed an absolute minimal value constantly found at oestrus, and relative minima on the 7th and 14th day after oestrus. The changes in the blood platelet counts are discussed. PMID- 1241778 TI - [An acute toxicity study with three yeast protein sources in beagle dogs]. AB - Two yeast proteins produced on oil substrate were found safe and nutritious in growing beagle dogs. Reducing nucleic acids with ammonium hydroxide resulted in renal damage; potassium hydroxide reduced nucleic acids with no ill effects. Changes in processing methods must be adequately monitored. PMID- 1241779 TI - Diurnal variations of food consumption, plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentrations in lean and obese hyperglycaemic mice. AB - Diurnal variations in food consumption and plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined at 3-hourly intervals in obese hyperglycaemic mice (C57BL/6J ob/ob) and lean mice (C57BL/6J+/+). In lean mice, food consumption and plasma insulin concentrations increased during the light period and were reduced during the dark period, whereas plasma glucose concentrations were maximal at the beginning of the light period and declined to a minimum during the early dark period. In ob/ob mice, the plasma glucose concentration declined temporarily at the beginning of both the light and the dark period and became elevated towards the ends of these periods, but there were no significant diurnal variations of food consumption or plasma insulin concentrations. These observations indicate differences in the diurnal regulation of glucose homeostasis in lean and ob/ob mice. PMID- 1241780 TI - Jack the Ripper and doctor-identification. AB - It is possible that Jack the Ripper can be understood in terms of doctor identification borne of one or more terrifying experiences he may have had with doctors during his childhood. The fantasies acted out by this primitive murderer are similar to the fantasies experienced by people who have been surgically traumatized as children. The evidence suggests that the activities of Jack the Ripper resemble the acting-out of a horror story in which he, as the main character, played to the population of London as an actor plays to his audience, through the need to discharge anxiety and regain some kind of emotional balance. When his depredation failed to achieve the desired results for him, the Ripper probably commited suicide. PMID- 1241781 TI - Skim passage: a rapid method of adapting influenza viruses to new host tissues. AB - Skim passage is a series of single-growth cycles whose earliest yield is separated and used, without dilution, for further passages. The method allows effective selection of fast-growing mutants, and the time of adaptation can be shortened to a few days instead of the several weeks or months taken by the conventional sequence of blind passages. The technical details are illustrated by three examples, which also serve to display the scope and limitations of the method. PMID- 1241782 TI - Empirical designation of health service areas. AB - A method for identifying viable health service areas for a state is described. A computer program was developed that evaluates combinations of contiguous counties using a set of 56 variables strategic to the construction of health planning areas and the spatial context of health care delivery, in keeping with the structural requirements of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. The objective of the evaluation is to minimize differences among planning regions and between planning regions and the state. PMID- 1241783 TI - Classification of community hospitals. AB - This articles describes the methodology, results, and potential applications of a study conducted by the authors to classify the nation's community hospitals. The classification system is offered as a preferable alternative to the system presently used by the Social Security Administration to implement Section 223 of the Social Security Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-603). PMID- 1241784 TI - [Secretion into the plasma of testosterone and estradiol 17 beta by the human testicle. Value of the study in male sterility]. AB - The levels of oestradiol and of testosterone were estimated in the spermatic and in the perpheral veins in two series of 13 subjects. The one was a control group and the other stimulated with 10,000 International Units of chorionic gonadontrophir (II.C.G). The follwing conclusions can be drawn. --the first is that the testis secretes simultaneously testosterone and oestradiol 17 beta --the second is that the level of oestradiol is significantly raised after the administration of II.C.G. whereas the level of testosterone hardly alters. This leads on to the supposition that oestradiol does not arise from the same source in the testis as testosterone. PMID- 1241785 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the releasing process of influenza virus. PMID- 1241786 TI - [True myelinic neuroma. Its associations (neurocrestopathies)]. AB - A case of true mielinic neuroma is described. An exhaustive review of the literature on this subject, basically of the Bolande article is carried out by the authors. The mielinic neuromata are a partial aspect of the complexe neuro crestopathic syndromes associating the cutaneous lesions to: 1) Medullary tyroid carcinoma, 2) pheocromocytoma and 3) neurofibromatous lesions. The observation related by the authors shows: 1) Ehlers-Danlos disease (not described previously), 2) skeletal abnormalities, 3) medullary tyroid carcinoma and 4) pheochromocytoma symptoms. PMID- 1241787 TI - [Scleromyedema with special hyperkeratosis lesions and calcifications]. AB - An observation of Scleromyxedema is repported by the authors. The remarkable peculiarities of this case are the following: 1. Absence of abnormal paraprotein. 2. Positive direct and indirect immunofluorescence. 3. Slight increase of plasma cells of bone marrow. 4. Presence of calcifications. 5. The hyperkeratotic lesions. Those of the fingertips with histology of porokeratosis. 6. Scarcity of the metachromatic depots of muchopolisacharids in the dermis evident only with the Alcian-PAS stain. PMID- 1241788 TI - [Psoriasiform epidemic nevus or lineal psoriasis? Report of a case]. AB - The authors describe a case of epidermic naevus with psoriasiform histology in a 27 year old female. Lesions had existed from birth. There is discussion of the differencial diagnosis with linear psoriasis. PMID- 1241790 TI - [Penetrating hyperkeratosis of an amputated limb]. AB - On the stump of amputated limbs, a peculiar hyperkeratotic chronic lesion may be observed. The histological picture of this lesion shows a hyperkeratotic plug perforating the epidermis. In the dermis disorganised keratine lamelles are found. This lesion could be differenciated from Kyrle's disease by the fact that it consists of a single lesion of traumatic origin and by the presence of hypertrophic bundles underlying the hyperkeratosis. PMID- 1241789 TI - [Folliculoma]. AB - The authors present a new case of a rare tumor, folliculoma, located in the face of a 57 year old woman. Concerning histogenesis, it appears most likely that Folliculoma represents a nevus developed from primary epithelial germ. PMID- 1241791 TI - [Photodrugtherapy of psoriasis with oral psoralen and black light therapy]. AB - Oral 4, 5', 8 trimethoxypsoralen (TMP) or 8-M-methoxypsoralen (8 MP) plus black light therapy of psoriasis produced disappearing of lesions in 6 out of 8 pacients treated with TMP and in 6 out of 7 treated with 8 MP. In three patients treated with the first drug, a paired comparision demonstrated that the ingestion of it, when followed of black exposure, is more effective than the exposure to conventional ultraviolet light. Parrish et al. have shown this for oral methoxalen and long wave ultraviolet light. Combined TMP or 8-MP and black light therapy inhibits epidermal DNA synthesis and this is the scientific base of its application in the therapy of psoriasis, disease in which an accelerated celular cicle and DNA synthesis has been postulated. PMID- 1241792 TI - [Clinical and experimental study on an anti-inflammatory preparation of topical use. The 10-undecentil-l-ll pseudothiourea (AHR-1911)]. AB - Our previous studies led to the development of a drug, 10-undecen-1- pseudothiourea iodide (AHR-1911), with the characteristics of a broad spectrum of antibacterial-antimycotic action and anti-inflammatory properties in experimental lesions induced by burns, dextran, albumin, carrageenin and kaolin. Using different vehicles for topical use, these two types of therapeutic property were separated, yielding two pharmaceutical preparations with different indications. One is a 0,25% AHR-1911 preparation in a polyoxyethyleneglycol base, which in in vivo experiments has the antimicrobial efficacy of gentamycin ointment; the other, containing 10% AHR-1911 in a vanishing cream base with triethanolamine stearate, possesses the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the newer topical steroid preparations. The clinical data for this latter preparation agree with the experimental findings. Its activity in clinical conditions was found first by Di Prisco in dermatological cases and confirmed in contact dermatitis patients by Riobueno. Its usefulness in burns and contusions with excoriations, without a single instance of secondary infection was reported by Rojas Mratinez; its effectiveness in bursitis and tenosynovitis may extend its field of application beyond that of dermatology. Particularly impressive were the good results obtained in insect bites, due possibly to the antihistaminic effect of the drug acting synergistically with the anti-inflammatory one. In the experience of all the clinicians the preparation was very well tolerated. PMID- 1241793 TI - [Intra and parabulbomedullary hemangioblastomas]. AB - Intra- and para-bulbomedullary hemangioblastomas are a relatively frequent topographic variety and represent about one third of the spinal cord cases. The surgical approach is particularly difficult in this location, because of adhesion or infiltration of the brain stem by the hemangioblastoma. The authors correlate the angiographic signs and the anatomical findings obtained during surgery. Four topographic types are described: intra-bulbomedullary tumors, usually allowing partial resection only; tumors of the floor of the IVth ventricle extending between the cerebellar tonsils without any infiltration of the brain stem, allowing complete resection; tumors of the cerebellar tonsils with a lateral para bulbar extension which should allow complete resection, but present with difficult diagnostic problems on angiography; tumors of the cerebellar tonsils with a midline extension present with a particular difficult angiographic diagnosis, but should also allow complete resection. PMID- 1241794 TI - Effect of lipid emulsions on the plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransfer in guinea pigs. AB - Addition of triglyceride/phospholipid emulsion to adult guinea pig plasma more than doubled the cholesteryl ester (CE) production. Plasma from newborn guinea pigs was stimulated to a lower degree. The increase in CE production was dependant on the type and amount of phospholipids in the lipid emulsions. Egg phospholipids stimulated the cholesterol esterification while partially hydrogenated soy phospholipids (with high content of saturated fatty acids) inhibited the reaction. The stimulation of CE formation was probably due to transfer of phosphatidyl choline (PC) from the emulsion to the high density lipoproteins since the stimulation was: (a) dependant on a preincubation time, (b) less pronounced in newborn animals with high plasma PC levels, and (c) detected in plasma fractions from which the lipid emulsion had been removed. PMID- 1241795 TI - [Classification of types of oogenesis]. AB - The classification of the types of oogeneses by Korschelt and Heider is discussed in the light of the modern data on ultrastructural, cytochemical and biochemical patterns of differentiating oocytes. A conclusion is drawn that this classification does not reflect the diversity of sources and mechanisms of the accumulation of substances in the oocyte. The author suggests to classify the types of oogenesis on the basis of behaviour of the nuclear structures in the oocyte and their participation in synthesis of RNAs passing in the ooplasm. PMID- 1241796 TI - [Variability of the eggs of the local silkworm (Bombyx mori 1.) according to the capacity for thermal parthenogenesis and heat resistance. Report 3. Causes and characteristics of the variability of egg batches according to heat resistance]. AB - The variability of eggs from different batches was studied by the resistance against the sublethal temperature (48 degrees) at the early stages of embryogenesis. The variability of heat resistance at three developmental stages markedly differing by the organization of the embryo was shown to be, to a great extent, conditioned hereditarily and depend as well on the environmental conditions. On the basis of positive correlation between the heat resistance of eggs from the same parents but at different developmental stages, a conclusion is drawn that the variability of heat resistance of the egg cellular proteins is one of the main causes of the variability of egg batches by heat resistance. PMID- 1241797 TI - [Ultrastructure of the hypophysiotropic region of the hypothalamus in early ontogenesis in rats]. AB - The results of electron microscopic studies have shown that the 16--18 days old rat embryos already have in the hypophysiotropic area some structures necessary for the realization of neuroendocrine regulations. In the arcuate nuclei, the neurosecretory cells differentiate which are capable to synthesize specific neurosecretory granules of 800--1,000 A in diameter. In the median eminence, the primary portal capillaries develop with which tanicytes and a few axon terminals make contact. One can see in the tanicytes the signs of active transport and accumulation of electron dense polymorphic material. All these phenomena are strengthen during the subsequent development. Hence, several days are before birth the neurosecretory and glial elements of the embryos show the signs of functional activity which strengthen during ontogenesis and are expressed most distinctly in the adult animals. PMID- 1241798 TI - [Analysis of the effect of the loop-tail gene in mouse embryos]. AB - Mitotic index and parameters of the cell cycle were determined in the brain and spinal cord of 10 days old Lp/Lp and +/+ mouse embryos. The mitotic index and duration of the cell cycle periods proved to be the same for embryos of both the genotypes. The generation time of the brain and spinal cord cells both in the mutant and normal embryos is 9 hrs, durations of S- and G2-periods 6 and 1, resp., and the total duration of G1- and M-periods 2. The gene Lp does not interact with the gene Sp in double heterozygotes. The gene Lp does not manifest itself in the cells of differentiating central nervous system and the failure of the neural tube closure is not due to the changes in the proliferative activity of its cells and is a secondary gene effect. PMID- 1241799 TI - [Immunochemical study of the organ-specific gamma glycoprotein of the liver in the process of intrauterine development in man]. AB - The semiquantitative immunochemical determination of the liver organospecific gamma-glycoprotein was carried out during the intrauterne development in the man. This antigen was shown to have already been present at the 6--8th week of pregnancy and its content in the liver to increase with the foetus growth. Some physico-chemical properties of the protein were studied. PMID- 1241801 TI - [Revascularization and reparative regeneration following auto- and homoplasty of pseudarthroses of the tibia]. PMID- 1241800 TI - [Heat production and respiration of the oocyte of Xenopus laevis L. in various stages of oogenesis]. AB - The data are given on the respiration and heat production intensity in the X. laevis oocytes by which the value and patterns of change of psiu-function (function of bound dissipation) during oogenesis are calculated. All 3 values were shown to decrease rapidly from the stage of previtellogenesis till the stage of mature oocyte what agrees with the thermodynamic theory of development. PMID- 1241802 TI - [Reactive properties of cerebral and noncerebral vessels and certain mechanisms of cerebral blood flow regulation in acute myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 1241803 TI - [Certain characteristics of immunogenesis in the offspring of animals with anemia during pregnancy]. PMID- 1241804 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myasthenia gravis]. AB - The author describes the possibilities of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The data is based on the literature and on case reports of personal observations of more than 270 patients with myasthenia. He inaugurates his own classification of myasthenia comprising of 8 types, among which there is one particular clinical type, described first by the author. The different problematic types of myasthenia are discussed together with the most important diagnostic tests and the principles of differential diagnosis. The clinical and pathological study is completed by illustrations. PMID- 1241805 TI - [Themes in today's psychosomatics: anxiety, stress and physiologic function (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241806 TI - [Adaptation of the complement fixation microtechnic to the diagnosis of equine plague]. PMID- 1241807 TI - [Mixed hamangiopericytic and hemangioblastic meningioma with cystic degeneration. Report of a supratentorial case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241808 TI - [In-vitro culture of mammalian ova, in particular, human ova]. PMID- 1241809 TI - [The morphogenetic value of movement in the spatial development of the digestive apparatus and adjacent organs in anura]. PMID- 1241811 TI - [Accidental injuries and means of treatment in zoo birds]. PMID- 1241810 TI - [Genteral principles of prevention of makignant neoplasms]. PMID- 1241812 TI - [The course of contagious anemia in perissodactyla. Studies during a disease outbreak]. PMID- 1241813 TI - [Diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of knee joint disorders in the horse]. PMID- 1241814 TI - Nucleoside phosphotransferase activity in synchronized cultures of Tetrahymena and distribution of alternative mechanisms of thymidine phosphorylation in different organisms. PMID- 1241815 TI - [Influence of intercellular contacts in epithelial sheets on the capacity of the cell surface for adhesion and phagocytosis of particles]. AB - The influence of intercellular contacts on the ability of the upper cell surface to adsorb and to phagocytose particles was studied in different types of cultured cells of mouse origin. In cultures of the MPTR strain, cells formed firm contacts which remained unbroken during the epithelial sheet migration into the wound. The contact inhibition of phagocytosis was found in these cultures. The phenomenon involved a low phagocytic activity of the sheet cells which made intercellular contacts in all directions, and of high phagocytic activity of marginal cells which had activity moving free edges. Other epithelial cultures, such as explants of normal kidney and hepatoma 60, behaved similarly. Cultured embryo fibroblasts and hepatoma 22a cells did not form firm intercellular contacts and migrated into the wound one by one. In these cultures most cells had high phagocytic activity. It is suggested that the formation of intercellular contacts alters the upper cell surface ability to adhesion and phagocytosis of particles. PMID- 1241816 TI - [Cultivated cells from smooth muscle organs. II. Cultivation of isolated rat aorta cells]. PMID- 1241817 TI - [Alloplastic replacement of the ureter]. PMID- 1241818 TI - [Reaction of ciliated epithelium to the action of dimexide aerosol]. PMID- 1241819 TI - [Development of the nasal accessory sinuses in premature infants]. PMID- 1241820 TI - [Estrogen excretion during pregnancy in women with different types of the course of labor]. PMID- 1241821 TI - [Urinary excretion of vanilmandelic acid in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1241822 TI - [Excretion of sex hormones and catecholamines in patients with chronic prostatitis with disorders of copulatory function]. PMID- 1241823 TI - [Classification and clinical course of puerperal psychoses]. PMID- 1241824 TI - [Effect of collateral blood circulation on the liberation of lysosomal hydrolases in acute ischemia of the myocardium]. PMID- 1241825 TI - Observations on fighting behaviour of male mice (Mus musculus L.). AB - Fighting behaviour of male mice was compared in 8 wild, 2 unselected laboratory and 6 laboratory mice from a population bred from winners of fights. Behaviour was recorded when all 16 mice were allowed to fight in all possible pairs in a neutral test box, and when 5 selected mice fought in pairs in the home cages of one or the other. The occurrence of self-grooming, tail rattle and squealing are discussed. Different occurrences of behaviour in the different strains are explained as a result of genetic selection responses. PMID- 1241826 TI - The aggressive response of male mice (Mus musculus L.) to a variety of stimulus animals. AB - The responses to a variety of small animals of 10 male mice whose fighting ability was known were compared either in a neutral test box or in the subject's home cage. The subject's reaction depended on the situation, the nature of the subject and the nature of the stimulus. The nature of the subject was more important than the nature of the stimulus, with some mice attacking all object animals indiscriminately. PMID- 1241827 TI - [Field observations on aggressive and sexual behavior of the European wild swine (Sus scrofa L.)]. AB - This ethogram of the fighting and sexual behaviour of European wild hogs is supposed to serve as a basis for further research on the social behaviour of Sus scrofa L. The observations were recorded in writing respectively on cassette recorder as well as photographed and filmed. Behaviour patterns of the European wild hogs which were wrongly interpreted or not yet described could be documented. Being comparatively original, omnivorous social Artiodactyla, Suidae are well comparable with other Artiodactyla, with Perissodactyla, Carnivora and their domesticated types. There might also be references to the origin and development of behaviour patterns in various zoological categories or on reductions of social behaviour in domestication. PMID- 1241828 TI - Agonistic behavior in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. AB - Agonistic behavior in Blattella germanica is delineated with an emphasis on fighting techniques and population factors affecting aggressiveness. Male-male, male-female, and male-male encounters are not significantly different in either level of aggressiveness or frequency. Female-female carrying oothecae are, however, more aggressive than other female-female. The mean intensity of aggression increases as population density is increased, but number of contacts per individual per unit time remains constant. Defense of specific, territories does not occur and aggressive interactions are most common during the dark portion of the photocycle, when many of the cockroaches are observed to be foraging. PMID- 1241829 TI - [Relationships between territory and aggressive behavior in Periophthalmus sobrinus Eggert (Pisces, Periophthalmidae) in the laboratory and in natural surroundings]. AB - This study was carried out in the laboratory on experimental groups of adult Mudskippers of both sexes; also natural populations were observed in mangrove swamps along the west coast of Madagascar. This paper deals mainly with the various aggressive postures and their role in the establishment and defense territories, the variations of aggression in an experimental group and, in the field, according to the tide movements. The hierarchial organization in the group of Mudskippers, the emergence of displacement activities and vacuum activities, the structure and dimensions of territories have also been studied. PMID- 1241830 TI - [Origins and consequences of aggression in Etroplus maculatus (Cichlidae, Pisces). The problem of drive]. AB - Increased aggressive activity between male and female in isolated pairs of Etroplus maculatus has hitherto been explained either by the drive hypothesis or by the external stimulus hypothesis. In an attempt to investigate these two hypotheses the partners of 48 pairs were separated and their aggressiveness towards their mirrored images and their non-aggressive activities were recorded the following day and again 4 days later after 180 brief presentations of an adjacent compartment. For both sexes aggressiveness was lowered if this compartement was empty (isolation) and heightened if it held the original mate. Females also reacted more aggressively on seeing conspecific strangers of both sexes. There was no significant alteration of non-aggressive activities in any of the series. The increase of aggressiveness caused by the presence of the mate was normally offset by various investigated mechanisms preventing its eruption against the partner. Attacks only occurred if the equilibrium between aggressiveness and inhibition was disturbed. All results and those of other authors are discussed; it is concluded that the behaviour of E. maculatus can be better explained in terms of external stimulation than in terms of an endogenous production of aggressive drive energy. PMID- 1241831 TI - The reproductive behavior of Aequidens paraguayensis (Pisces, Cichlidae). AB - The reproductive behaviour of aquarium-held Aequidens paraguayensis is described, with emphasis on a quantitative comparison of female-male parental roles. It is a biparental species. Eggs, laid on leaf litter, are guarded and aerated for about 32 hours (25--27 degrees C) and newly-hatched young are orally brooded for several days. Both sexes performed all parental activities; female-female did more fanning and mouthing of eggs, male-male more oral churning of young initially. The combination of substrate and oral brooding of young by both parents is rare among New World cichlids and is of interest for the study of the evolution of parental behaviour in fishes. PMID- 1241832 TI - [Behavior of the African chevrotain, Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia). Its ecological and phylogenetic significance]. AB - The behaviour of the African chevrotain (Hyemoschus aquaticus) was examined in 70 animals living in an enclosure. As far as possible every element of behaviour was seen in relationship to the animal's way of life in the field, and compared with the known behaviour of other Artiodactyla. It was attempted to ascertain the evolutionary stage of every behavioural element. Activity corresponds exactly to the dark period from 18.00 to 6.00. The males are by far more active than the females. An activity period during the night seems to be typical for the more primitive species. The sleeping position is reminiscent of the Suidae, the comfort behaviour of the smaller Artiodactyla. There is no mutual grooming. Hyemoschus aquaticus searches for food with its snout as do the Suidae, and can not rise on its hind legs as can most Artiodactyla. The alarm behavior is the same as in other forest-dwelling ruminants, behaviours of mainly visual importance are missing. Feces and urine are deposited anywhere. Both sexes announce their presence with these excrements, which are mixed with an excrete of the anal (male and female) and preputial glands (male). The interramal gland is occasionally used for marking twigs. Hyemoschus aquaticus does not have a single gland of the ruminant type. Fighting between females is seldom, between males more frequent, but of short duration. No demonstrations of rank order or territorial behaviour were observed. The male finds the female olfactorially. Precopulatory behaviour and copulation are similar to that of the Suidae. Early development and mother-infant behavior can be devided into 5 stages, which are described. Play behaviour of the young is very simple, there is no contact with peers. In its whole behaviour Hyemoschus aquaticus is the prototype of the solitary forest-dweller, more pig than ruminant. The Asian genus Tragulus of the same family is already more a ruminant than Hyemoschus aquaticus; the primitive Cervidae, with the genus Muntiacus, indicate the next level. PMID- 1241833 TI - Septic shock. PMID- 1241834 TI - [Molded plexidur corrective corsets in the treatment of paralytic scolioses. Evaluation after 7 years usage]. PMID- 1241836 TI - The effect of thyroid extract on luteal phase deficiency. AB - 24 patients with infertility caused by lateal phase deficiency were treated with thyroid hormones or placebos. The incidence of pregnancy in the group taking thyroid hormone was much higher, which suggests that a course of thyroid hormone should be administered before a more aggressive therapy with chorionic gonadotropins or clomid is given. The success rate of this therapy is as favorable as any other. PMID- 1241837 TI - Observations on an outbreak of Klebsiella mastitis in sows. PMID- 1241835 TI - [Surgery of hypophyseal tumors by the trans=sphenoid approach. apropos of 164 cases]. PMID- 1241839 TI - [Contribution to the study of diagnostic laparatomy in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1241840 TI - [Technic of the entire cochleogram for the study of the cochlea in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1241841 TI - [Prolapse of the mitral valve associated with common origin of the coronary arteries: description of a case]. PMID- 1241842 TI - [Ultrastructure of nephridial systems in cyclophyllidean cestoda: Catenotaenia pusilla (Goeze, 1782), Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819) and Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine, 1870) Baer, 1956]. AB - Electron microscopic study of nephridial systems in three cyclophyllidean cestodes indicates a resemblance in their ultrastructure. The walls of longitudinal, transverse and collecting ducts show a very similar pattern of organization. The surface of the anucleate epithelium lining the ducts is developed into microvilli. A relatively thick layer of fibrillar tissue underlies the basal membrane of the microvillar epithelium. The nucleated portions or "pericaryons", situated between the parenchymal cells, are directly connected with epithelium by cytoplasmic prolongations. The canalicular lumen extends through a single series of cells curved into a ring. The epithelial surface of the canalicular wall is developed into short, densly staining microvilli and the immediately underlying fibrillar tissue appears very compact. The cilia were never observed in any of the above ducts. The ultrastructure of protonephridia proper is comparable with those already described in other cestodes. There is a close association between the flame-cell and the cancalicular ending, enlarged into a nephridial funnel. A single row of nephridial rods of the flame-cell is surrounded by a row of digitiform prolongations of the nephridial funnel border. The prolongations alternate with the rods and their interlocking pattern appears clearly in cross-sections. A series of minute pores or "nephrostomes" providing a direct contact between the nephridial chamber and intercellular space of the paranchyma was shown. The problem of classification and definition between the "closed" protonephridia and open metanephridia is discussed. The structural unity of protonephridia in different groupes of Platyhelminthes is reviewed. The different number of flagella within the "flames" of different cestodes is compared and analyzed. The ultrastructural characteristics of duct-wall epithelium provides some confirmation of its high metabolic activity. PMID- 1241843 TI - [Considerations on a case of optic neuritis]. PMID- 1241844 TI - [Angiosarcoma in chronic osteomyelitis. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 1241845 TI - [Studies on the activities of steroidogenic enzymes in corpora lutea of early pregnant rats treated with abortifacient drugs (author's transl)]. AB - The major role of the corpus luteum is biosynthesis of progesterone. Luteal function has been investigated by following plasma progesterone concentrations and by studying ultrastructural and histochemical changes in corpora lutea. Recently, changes in enzyme activities concerned with formation and degradation of progesterone are taken into investigation in order to understand the regulation of luteal function. In rat ovaries, progestational potency of ovarian secretions has been regulated by the activity of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrgoenase (20 alpha-HSD), Which catabolizes progesterone to 20 alpha hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, progestatinally inert steroid. In regressing corpora lutea, extensive conversion of progesterone to 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one occurred with a marked increase in 20 alpha-HSD activity as well as a decrease in plasma progesterone concentrations. On the other hand, histochemical studies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6 PDH) and delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) have been investigated without any remarkable changes in corporalutea at their early stages of luteolysis. In the present study the activities of steroidogenic enzymes in corpora lutea of pregnant rats are measured after treatment with a variety of abortifacient drugs, and compared with those in corpora lutea of 1 day post partum rats which showed changes characteristic of spontaneous luteolysis. On days 7 to 9 of pregnancy, Wistar strain pregnant rats were injected with either prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), aminoglutethimide or clomiphene citrate (clomid). Animals were sacrificed 15 to 63 hrs. after the last injection, and implantation sites were inspected. Ovaries were removed, and corpora lutea dissected free, weighed and homogenized. The homogenate was centrifuged at 105,000g for 60 min. The supernatant solution was assayed for the activities of G 6 PDH, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6 PGDH), malic enzyme, ATP citrate lysase, 20 alpha-HSD and pyruvate kinase. The pellet fraction was re-homogenized, and centrifugated 2,000 g for 5 min. The supernatant solution was used for the assay of 3 beta-HSD. Complete fetal resorption was observed in all rats treated with PGF2alpha, while 7 out of 15 rats (47%) treated with both PGF2alpha and LH-RH maintained pregnancy. In intact rats after treatment with both drugs, lutein cells showed ultrastructures characteristic for luteolysis, although the degree of luteolysis was greatly diminished compared with PGF2alpha-treated ones. In agreement with these ultrastructural findings, 20alpha-HSD activity in corpora lutea was maintained at a rather low level in intact rats, while it was increased moderately in aborted ones after treatment with both drugs. In PGF2alpha-treated rats, G 6 PDH activity increased to 140% and malic enzyme activity decreased to 27% of the activity in control rats. In aminoglutethimide-treated rats, the activites of G 6 PDH and malic enzyme were decreased, while 2-alpha-HSD activity was maintained at a low level... PMID- 1241846 TI - [The clinical and immunological association of insulin antibodies and thyroid antibodies in diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - We have already reported a high rate of occurrence of antimicrosomal antibodies in diabetes mellitus. Thirteen of 507 diabetics (2.5%) were positive with antithyroglobulin antibodies and thirty-one (6.1%) were positive with antimicrosomal antibodies compared to 2.3% and 2.5% respectively in normal controls. Two of 34 insulin dependent diabetics (5.9%) were positive with antithyroglobulin antibodies and ten (29.4%) were positive with antimicrosomal antibodies compared to 2.3% and 4.4% respectively in 473 insulin independent diabetics. To clarify the association of insulin antibodies and thyroid antibodies in diabetics, antithyroid antibodies in 507 diabetics were tested by tanned red cell hemagglutination test and insulin antibodies were demonstrated by using a method descrived by Wright in a modified form. Twelve of 482 diabetics negative-insulin antibody (2.5%) were positive with antithyroglobulin antibodies and thirty(6.2%)were positive with antimicrosomal antibodies. Only one of 25 positive-insulin antibody (4%) was positive with antithyroid antibodies respectively. No evident correlation was observed between antithyroid antibodies and insulin antibodies. PMID- 1241847 TI - [Pathophysiology of gonadotropin secretion in patients with idiopathic precocious puberty and follow up studies during and after therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate (author's transl)]. AB - In order to assess the pathophysiology of gonadotropin secretion in patients with idiopathic precocious puberty, responses of LH and FSH to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Deop provera) in 6 female patients were tested. The basal levels of serum LH and FSH were elevated in 4 of 6 patients and enhanced LH response to 100 mug of intravenous LH-RH was observed in 5 patients, while FSH response was comparable to that of prepubertal subjects. Administration of Clomid (50 mg) for 7 days provoked LH increase in 3 out of 6 patients in contrast to no LH change found in normal prepubertal girls. while FSH levels decreased in 3 out of 6 patients. Intramuscular injection of Depo-Provera (100 mg) reduced LH and FSH levels in 4 patients. The Depo-Provera therapy in a dose of 75 approximately 225 mg every two weeks, caused suppression of breast development and menstrual bleeding but the prevention of growth spurt and bone age maturation were insufficient. Basal body temperature charts in 2 patients showed an ovulatary pattern immediately following cessation of Provera therapy of more than 8 years' duration. In conclusion, it is suggested that 1) function of hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian system in patients with idiopathic precocious puberty is similar to that of normal pubertal subjects, 2) therapeutic doses of Depo-Provera, enough to suppress the patients' secondary sex characterics, was not sufficient to control bone age maturation 3) it is necessary to follow up patients more closely by measuring serum levels of gonadotropin and estrogen during the course of therapy. PMID- 1241848 TI - [Composite microassays of plasma progesterone, 17alpha-OH-progestrerone, estrone, 17beta-estradiol and estriol in normal adult women. I. Assay methods and steroid patterns in normal menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. AB - Composite microassays for plasma progesterone (P), 17alpha-OH-progesterone (17P), estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) were developed. Steroids were extracted from plasma samples with diethyl ether, and were separated from each other through two steps of sephadex LH-20 microcolumn chromatography (benzene:methanol 85:15, and n-hexane: benzene: methanol 80:10:10), prior to assays by radioimmunoassay (P, E1, E1, and E3) and competitive protein binding assay (17P). Steroids were recovered satisfactorily through these procedures (mean recovery; P:107.6%, 17P:102.3%, E1:88.2%, E2:84.1%. E3:78.5%). The detectable range for P, 17P, E1, E2, and E3 were 0.01-2 ng/tube, 0.1-10 ng/tube, 10-2000pg/tube, 10-2000 pg/tube, and 0.5-100 ng/tube. The interassay coefficient of variations were less than 10.7%, 15.2%, 17.8%, 11.4%, and 28.1%, respectively. These steroids were measured daily in 4 menstrual cycles from 4 normally menstruating women. Plasma FSH and LH were quantitated previously. The following results were obtained; 1) Plasma P elevated from around LH surge (Day O), and reached a peak on day +5 approximately +7 with the values of 12.74 +/- 2.34 ng/ml (Mean +/- S.D.). 2) Slight decrease in P levels was noted on day +8 approximately +9. 3) A peak in 17P was observed in the preovulatory phase (day -3 approximately -1) with the values of 0.6 approximately 1.3 ng/ml in three of four cases. 4) Changes of 17P during the luteal phase were paralleled to those of P with a peak of 1.16 +/- 0.31 ng/ml on day +5 approximately +7. 5) No remarkable patterns were found in E1 levels throughout the menstrual cycle. 6) A sharp peak in E2 was detected in the preovulatory phase (day -1 approximately 0) with the values of 709.2 +/- 95.9 pg/ml. 7) The second peak of E2 with 378.6 +/- 140.7 pg/ml was observed in the late luteal phase (day +8 approximately +12). 8)E3 was not detected in all samples. The interrelationship between steroids and the correlation with the morphological changes of the ovaries in the normal menstrual cycle are discussed. In the follicular phase, the theca interna cells around the maturing follicle may be growing under the influence of pitiutary gonadotropins to secrete large amounts of 17P and E2, which may possibly affect the pituitary for LH surge, followed by ovulation. In the luteal phase, both the granulosa cells and theca intera cells are luteinized, which may produce and secrete large amount of P, 17P, and E2. PMID- 1241849 TI - [Composite microassays of plasma progesterone, 17alpha-OH-progesterone, estrone, 17beta-estradiol and estriol in normal adult women. II.Steroid patterns in normal pregnancy, labor and the puerperium (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma progesterone, 17alpha-OH-progesterone, estrone, 17beta-estradiol and estriol in human normal pregnancy, labor and the puerperium were measured simultaneously with radioimmunoassay or competitive protein binding assay. The steroids were extracted from the sample plasma with diethyl either, and were separated through two steps of sephadex LH-20 microcolumn chromatography prior to the assays. From the beginning to the 25th week of pregnancy, a gradual rise in the levels of plasma progesterone was noted, followed by a steep increase toward term with a level of 150-250 ng/ml at the end of gestation. The levels of 17alpha OH-progesterone during the 7th or 8th week of pregnancy were 2-3 ng/ml, which was above the normal range in the luteal phase, followed by a gradual decrease during 15-25 weeks of gestation. Thereafter, an increase toward term was seen with a mean level of 6-10 ng/ml in the 40th week. From the beginning to the end of pregnancy, plasma levels of estrone, 17beta-estradiol, and estriol increased from less than 0.5 ng/ml to 2-4 ng/ml, from 1-2.5 ng/ml to 6-10 ng/ml, and from less than 1 ng/ml to 6-10 ng/ml, respectively. The disappearance of steroids from maternal peripheral blood in the puerperium was rapid. The half time of progesterone, 17alpha-OH-progesterone, estrone, 17beta-estradiol, and estriol were 72 min, 68 min, 27 min, 27 min, and 48 min, respectively. Analysis of the interrelation between several kinds of steroids of pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium with simultaneous microassays will contribute to the clarification of some important physiological and pathological aspects of feto-placental-maternal functions and steroidogenic functions of the corpus luteum in pregnancy. PMID- 1241850 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of the rat endometrium during the implantation period, with special reference to its sex steroid hormone regulation (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the rat endometrium under several conditions including experiments of the inhibition of implantation were studied to clarify the sequential changes of the endometrium and their endocrinologic background during ovoimplantation. The following pertinent findings were noted. 1) Normal pregnancy. In the luminal surfaces, the microvilli were short and arranged rather irregularly and lost their so-called glycocalyx on L3. The large fungus-like protrusions appeared on L4. On L5, the luminal surfaces were completely covered with small serrated cytoplasmic protrusions. They formed the interdigitation btween the apposed surfaces and the uterine lumen was disappeared when the uterus was fixed in situ by the arterial perfusion method. High ATP-ase activity was demonstrated at the site of interdigitation. In the apical cytoplasm, many apical vesicles, well developed Golgi apparatuses, and dilated cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum were observed on L3. On L5, however, these apical vesicles decreased in number and the Golgi apparatuses were small. On the contrary, the semilunar and coated vesicles were numerous, and the lysosomes increased both in number and size. Acid phosphatase activity was detected in these lysosomes. In the glandular epithelium, progressive increase in the number of small granules and the amount of amorphous substance were observed in the glandular lumen from L2, to L4. But on L4, some autophagosomes had already appeared in the cytoplasm. Swollen and degenerated mitochondria as well as many vacuoles were recognized on L5. In the stromal cells, the cytoplasm was enlarged, and contained many polyribosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum with markedly dilated cisternae, lysosomes and lipid droplets on L5. The cytoplasmic protrusions on L5 were elongated and showed various features; one of them was situated very closely to the basement lamina of the luminal epithelium, and the other surrounded the lumen. Some of these protrusions were connected with the desmosomes. High ATP-ase activity was localized in these cytoplasmic protrusions, on the surfaces of the stromal cells, and in the stroma itself. 2) Delayed implantation and estrogenic transformation. In delayed implantation, the luminal surfaces were covered with regular microvilli and several fungus-like cytoplasmic protrusions. The cytoplasm contained many apical vesicles and large Golgi apparatuses that were observed both on L3 and L4 in normal pregnancy. At 48 hrs after the injection of estrogen, the interdigitation between the apposed luminal surfaces was also established. In the glandular epithelium, a slight enlargement of the glandular lumen and the appearance of small granules similar to those observed in normal pregnancy were noted at the 4th hr of estrogen treatment. In the stromal cells, two cells apposed each other very closely at the 4th hr and formed large cell masses at the 48th hr of estrogen treatment... PMID- 1241851 TI - [The experimental studies on the estrogenic activities of 17alpha-ethynyl-17beta hydroxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one (ENT) (author's transl)]. AB - Today, ENT is a popular synthetic progesteron for clinical use, and is well known to have some estrogenic activity. Estradiol-17beta (E2) or 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol (EE2) binding to the specific protein in the nuclear fraction of hypothalamus were examined by 3H-E2 exchange assay reported by Anderson. The possible mode of the estrogenic actions of ENT are as follows: 1) Conversion of ENT to EE2. 2) Estrogenic of ENT per se without changing the chemical structure. 3) Conversion of ENT to other estrogenic compounds except for EE2. In this experiment, 3H-ENT or 3H-testosterone (3H-T) was incubated with human placental microsomes and NADPH generating system for 1 hr at 37 degrees C, 3H-delta4AD, 3H T and 3H-ENT were incubated also with homogenates of rat hypothalamus under the same conditions. Isolation and purification of the metabolites were performed by using phenolic separation and paper chromatography. Identification of EE2, a metabolite of ENT, was established by measuring the radiochemical homogenity with the authentic standard on paper chromatography. In another experiment where alkali was not used during the extraction procedure to avoid making artificial products, the conversion rate of ENT to EE2 was measured. This experimental data indicated that ENT was converted to 1beta-OH-ENT and to EE2 by human placental microsomes. The former compound was easily converted to EE2 in the presence of NaOH or by incubation with bile. In the incubation with hypothalamic preparation neither aromatization nor 1beta-hydroxylation of delta4AD, T and ENT were detected. In the exchange assays of E2 receptor, the animals were killed 1 hr after the administration of 25 mug of various steroids. The hypothalamic nuclear fraction was incubated with various 3H-steroids for 30 min at 37 degrees C. After washing this nuclear pellet, the radioactivity was counted. Administration of E2 in vivo resulted in the increase of the amount of 3H-EE2 bound to the nuclear fraction in vitro. But only a small increase of binding was observed in the similar experiment with 3H-ENT. 3H-EE2 was exchanged more abundantly after ENT administration than after EE2 injection. From the above results, it was concluded that the estrogenic effect of ENT is attributed to the EE2 converted in vivo. In addition, a possibility was proposed that ENT or its metabolites other than EE2 could regulate some step in the mechanism of estrogen action. PMID- 1241852 TI - Comparative studies on the methods for the investigation of steroid metabolism in the liver (author's transl). AB - It is reasonable to presume that the metabolism of the steroid hormones in the liver may play an important role in elucidating their physiologic significance. Although there are many methods by which the intrahepatic metabolism of the steroid hormones can be evaluated, little has been reported on a method to elucidate simultaneously such dynamic factors as metabolic rate, quantities passing through the liver, structural change, conjugation and the like. In this paper, comparative studies on the methods for the investigation of steroid hormone metabolism in the liver were carried out. These include batch incubation, dialysis, continuous flow perfusion, portal vein injection and the "tissue column method" which was newly designed in order to search for the dynamic factors described above in a simple system, simultaneously. In the "tissue column method" studied here, cell suspension of the rabbit liver mixed with Sephadex G 75 gel (4:1 in volume) was packed at the height of 4 cm in a glass column (internal diameter; 1.5 cm). After an isotopically labelled steroid was placed on the tissue column, this column was perfused with oxygenated extracellular fluid (pH 7.4), keeping the perfusion system at 37 degrees C. The perfusion was continued for 60 min. and the perfusate was collected in 5 fractions. Flow rate was kept at 2 ml/min. When the perfusion was stopped, the cells were rapidly homogenized. The concentrations of the radioactivity in each perfusate, and in the final cells were measured. The amount of entry into the liver cells were calculated. The compounds in the perfusate and in the cells were separated by alumina column chromatography for analyzing the metabolites. Based on these experiments, the following conclusions were drawn; 1) Usual methods with liver slices and homogenates can clarify only the metabolic pathway. 2) To examine the amount of entry of steroids into the liver, portal vein injection as well as the "tissue column method" are preferable to the methods of dialysis and batch incubation. It seemed probable that the entry of steroids into the liver might not be explained simply on the basis of passive transfusion. 3) Incubation of slices and homogenate are of great advantage in studying the metabolic transformation in a specific organ. However, portal vein injection as well as the "tissue column method" are much more preferable to investigate the conjugation of steroids in the liver. 4) Continuous flow perfusion reported by Elrio Gurpide is suitable to examine the metabolism and the entry of steroids in a specific organ, but it is disadvantageous for investigating the conjugation of steroids because of its low production rate of conjugated steroids. 5) The portal injection method is intricate, troublesome and expensive, but this method provides a situation similar to in vivo circumstances... PMID- 1241853 TI - [Specific and non-specific reaction of hemagglutination for the detection of anti thyroglobulin antibody (author's transl)]. AB - Tanned red cell hemagglutination has been widely accepted for use in the detection of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. The interpretation, however, especially when the hemagglutination was observed at a low titer of serum dilution, has remained equivocal. In order to separate specific and non-specific hemagglutination, we tried to concentrate serum IgG to compare the hemagglutination titer at various concentrations of IgG. If the hemagglutination is specific for the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies, the hemagglutination titer would increase as the IgG concentration rises. On the contrary, when the hemagglutination is non-specific and irrelevant to the presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, the hemagglutination titer is expected not to increase while the IgG concentration rises. Based on this hypothesis, sera which showed various hemagglutination titer for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were studied to examine the parallelism between hemagglutination titer and IgG concentration. IgG was concentrated with the method of ammonium sulfate precipitation. The grade of concentrate was examined by the IgG determination with the method of immunodiffusion technique employing the kit distributed by Behringwerke. The hemagglutination test was performed with the Boyden's method using the kit distributed by the Wellcome Company. The results showed that 4 out of 15 sera whose original hemagglutination titer was 1:3 failed to show increase in hemagglutination titer even at the 2 to 4 fold concentration of IgG. On the contrary, only 2 out of 26 sera whose hemagglutination titer was more than 1:6, failed to increase the titer at the IgG concentrate to the same degree. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the hemagglutination observed at 1:3 dilution of the serum is highly non-specific, while that observed at a serum dilution of more than 1:6 is thought to be specific. PMID- 1241854 TI - [Possible association between epilepsy and dizygotic twinning]. PMID- 1241855 TI - [Spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosome breaks]. AB - It is shown by the study of the location of acentric fragments of chromosomes at metaphase and anaphase in the root cells of pea (cultivar "Capital"), in the cornea of rats (strain Wistar), in the bone marrow of mice (strain BALB), in the cultures of embryonic fibroblasts of mice (strain C57B1) and of embryonic human fibroblasts that some fragments are situated outside the equatorial plates, while others are situated within the plane of the equatorial plate. The fragments of the first type initiate mainly spontaneously, while the fragments of the second type are mainly induced by irradiation. These principles are observed in all the types of animal and plant cells studied. The location of the fragments observed in non-radiated cells could be explained if it be assumed, that all the chromosome breaks are realized before the prometaphase and by the beginning of the prometaphase the fragments are randomly distributed within the volume of the nucleus. At the prometaphase most fragments move from the equator to the pole of the cell and thus at the metaphase and anaphase are found to be located outside the equatorial plate. For the explanation of the observed ratio of the two types of fragments in an irradiated cell it is assumed that chromosome fragments resulting from breaks induced by irradiation are completely detached from chromosomes only after the beginning of the prometaphase. Possibly, the process of development of breaks is also not yet completed by this time, it continues and is completed at the metaphase, partially, at the anaphase of the mitosis. PMID- 1241856 TI - [Fecundity and embryonal mortality of four inbred mouse lines, BALB/c, B10.CW, A/Sn, CC57W and their hybrids]. AB - The object of this investigation was the potential fecundity of four inbred strains of mice, viz. BALB/c, B10.SW, CC57W, A/Sn and of their different hybrid combinations. The inbred strains studied had different normal ovulation numbers varying from 9,2 to 11,9 and different death-rate of embryos before (10,99 39,49%) and after A/Sn, B10.CW and CC57W were practically equal to one another, but significantly larger than in the strain BALB/c. Interlinear crosses resulted in a considerable decrease of the total embryonic death rate, while the normal ovulation number did not undergo any changes. The number of live embryos in simple hybrids did not differ significantly from that in the maternal inbred strains. Therefore the heterozygosity of embryos did not affect significantly the potential fecundity of females. The number of surviving embryos per female increased in the cross between the simple hybrids (BALB/cXB10.CW)X(CC57WXA/Sn) to 8.9 +/- 0,37. This heterosis was the result of the total death-rate of embryos down to 14,89%. As it is shown by the comparison of the potential fecundity of pregnant females carrying homo- and heterozygous embryos to that of pregnant hybrid females, the rate of survival of embryos depends more on the genotype of the mother, than on that of the embryos. PMID- 1241857 TI - A comparative study by the behavioral observation for sterotypy in the exceptional children. AB - 1. Stereotyped behavior as a type of repetitive behavior was studied by observing four major groups of exceptional children by a natural observation method. The total 400 subjects are made up as follows: 46 with visual disturbance, 85 with auditory disturbance, 29 with infantile autism and 240 with mental retardation. 2. From analyses of our observational data, it was inductively proved that each group has its own characteristic sterotypy. There were marked differences in stereotypy between the auditory disturbance group and the visual disturbance group. Autistic children showed a perfect form of stereotypy and outstandingly bizarre characteristics. It was also found that blindism and autism have much in common. Stereotyped behavior shown by mentally retarded children differed with different intelligence levels. 3. There was no significant difference in the stereotypy appearance rate among the blind as well as the deaf-mute. Comparison between the blind with mental retardation and the blind with normal intelligence showed that there was significant difference of 0.5% or less. When taking the intelligence factor into account, significant differences aroused. As against the autism group, each group showed a significant difference of over 0.5%. In conclusion, it can be said that mental retardation factor has close bearing on the stereotypy appearance rate. 4. With respect to the cause of stereotyped behavior, the author based its argument on its own theory that blindism accrues from congenital visual disturbance. Weighing the fact that stereotypy differs between the blind and the deaf-mute, the author discussed with reference to the theory developed by Kaufman and Berkson that the inability of the child to monitor normal stimulation due to sensory disturbance produces frustration in him and this frustrated bodily need manifests itself in stereotyped movements. As for stereotypy of the mentally retarded children, the author pointed out that the arousal level theory is applicable only to the cases of severe-grade mental regardation, and that it fails to explain the parallelism between the differences of intelligence level and stereotypy. As regards stereotyped movements of the autistic children, due consideration was given to subtleties in action and bizarre nature of their behavior. Based on Orniz's theory that autistic children lack the constancy of central perceptual reception, the author maintained that the occurrence of stereotypy in autistic children suggests the underlying mechansims of perception are functioning pathologically as well as neurophysiologically. 5. As our observation as been conducted for a short period of time, the results might have been rather cross sectional. But the author thinks this shortcoming would have been made up for by Rutter's five-year follow up study and the records available at the institutions which proved autism stereotypy has continued to appear for a long period. PMID- 1241858 TI - Dendritic crystallisation of oestrual mucus of bovine. PMID- 1241859 TI - Stable daily light regimens as inductive factors of endogenous testicular cycles in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. PMID- 1241861 TI - Light and the pineal gland in the control of the breeding season in the female ferret. PMID- 1241860 TI - Melatonin excretion of man and rats: effect of time of day, sleep, pinealectomy and food consumption. PMID- 1241862 TI - The pineal gland and seasonal reproductive adjustments. PMID- 1241863 TI - [Physiopathology of molecular diseases with abnormal hemoglobins as a model]. PMID- 1241864 TI - [Hepatic coma]. PMID- 1241865 TI - [Etiology and clinical studies of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1241866 TI - [Changes of peripheral leukocyte-counts by electrically induced convulsion in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of electrically induced convulsion (EIC) in rabbits on peripheral leukocyte-count levels were studied. (1) Leukocyte-counts increased immediately after the EIC (phase-1) and 4 hours later (phase-2). In the examination of blood smear, phase-2 involved the shift to the left in neutrophils. This biphasic curve also showed by administration of convulsants. (2) Both phase-1 and the rise of transitory blood pressure disappeared by muscle relaxation. (3) Immediately after EIC, the circulating blood volume was significantly higher (about 7%, P less than .001) and the hematocrit was also higher. (4) Phase-1 was not affected by selective destruction of adrenergic nerve terminal with 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA). Although, phase-2 was diminished by treatment with both 6-OHDA and reserpine. (5) An increase in leukocyte-counts occurred on the administration of serum obtained from rabbit during phase-2. These results seem to indicate that phase-1 occurs when circulating blood volume is higher due to convulsive muscle construction and thereby marginated granulocytes appear into the circulating blood. Aslo, it might be expected that phase-2 occurs chiefly by mobilizing of leukocytes from the storage pool in the bone marrow into the circulating blood by the humoral factor. PMID- 1241867 TI - [Respiratory fluctuations of the microvibration of the body surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241868 TI - Effect of cold acclimation on changes in blood metabolites induced by high-fat diet. PMID- 1241869 TI - [Pattern stimulation and action potential of frog skin (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship between the pattern of stimulus of efferent or afferent nerve and the size of action potential of frog's skin. Two kinds of preparations were used: the excised nerve skin preparation and the spinal preparation. In the range of moderate intervals of stimuli, the size of skin action potential of the nerve-skin preparation became larger with the increase of number of stimuli, (i) during a definite period of stimulation with various frequencies, or (ii) during various long periods of stimulation with constant frequency. The size of potential depended not only on number of stimuli but also on their interval. The latter property may be called pattern-sensitive. In some state of preparation the size of potential evoked by a constant number of stimuli was nearly constant, being independent from stimulus frequencies, that is, pattern insensitive. Both kinds of results were obtained in cases of the spinal preparation. Michaelis-Menten's equation could be applied to describe the relation between the size of potential and the number of stimuli. However, there was no reason to interprete this relation with a simple concentration-effect relationship. Another hypothesis was then testoned on the supposition that the response is composed of sequentially superposed unitary processes each of which was promptly evoked by each stimulus and decayed exponentially. The calculated response curve reasonably fit with the observed data. Slower processes commonly called accomodation were excluded from the present discussion and only the effect of relatively short period of stimulation was examined. PMID- 1241870 TI - Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by hypotonic solutions. PMID- 1241871 TI - [Arteriography, phlebography and splenoportography in the study of portal hypertension]. PMID- 1241872 TI - [Panangiographic and hemodynamic study of portal hypertension. Clinical and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 1241874 TI - [Percutaneous splenoportography]. PMID- 1241873 TI - [Improvement of arterial pharmaco-portography in patients with portal hypertension]. PMID- 1241875 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in gastric motility after selective vagotomy and selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 1241876 TI - On the activation of the corpus luteum of the rat estrous cycle with phenobarbital anesthesia. I. Induction of pseudopregnancy by a single subcutaneous injection of phenobarbital. PMID- 1241877 TI - [Toxic encephalopathy caused by poisoning with presumably edible mushrooms]. PMID- 1241878 TI - Family strategy and immigration. AB - In a sample of married women, Swiss, Spanish and Italian, between 18 and 45 years of age and resident in Geneva (Switzerland), the authors examine the consequences of migration on the aspirations concerning fertility as well as the strategy chosen for family-planning according to the duration of residence. A conceptual framework is set up and the attitudes towards acceptance of birth-control, abortion and reliance on the "natural" inter-genetic interval are analyzed. Significant differences are found in the attitudes of skilled and unskilled workers, but in both cases a period of destructuration and anomie resulting from the confrontation of two cultures is present during the first years of residence in the new context. PMID- 1241879 TI - [Comparison of the vein tonus effect of dried horse chestnut extract and a combination of essential phospholipids and dried horse chestnut extract]. PMID- 1241880 TI - On some effects of cytochalasin B on the eggs and tadpoles of the ascidians. PMID- 1241881 TI - The distribution of annulate lamellae in eggs and zygotes of the sand dollar, Echinarachnius parma. PMID- 1241882 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha in the uterus from ovariectomized and non ovariectomized rats. PMID- 1241883 TI - Studies on the ovarian motility of small laboratory rodents. PMID- 1241884 TI - [Current knowledge of phalloid poisoning]. PMID- 1241885 TI - [Physiological bases of the treatment of phalloid poisoning. Clinical results]. PMID- 1241886 TI - Study of development of tolerance to and barbiturate-like physical dependence on the tranquilizer tempidon. PMID- 1241887 TI - Experimental studies on the oestrus cycle in rats under the conditions of immobilization and locomotor activity. PMID- 1241888 TI - Illustration of a control problem in alcohol research designs. AB - Issues of control problems in alcohol research, resulting from studies of a possible alcohol placebo effect, are discussed. These concern how the control response is related to the pre-drug response as well as the stability of both. PMID- 1241889 TI - Leukocyte characteristics and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated response in healthy and lymphoma-bearing pike Esox lucius L. PMID- 1241890 TI - [Variant form of Fallot's tetralogy with absence of the pulmonary valve. Clinical considerations and surgical treatment with implantation of a heterograft]. PMID- 1241892 TI - [Bilateral Irvine Gass syndrome. Failure of corticotherapy on one side and argon laser treatment on the other]. PMID- 1241893 TI - [Common categories in the speech of Bert Brechts and the speech of a schizophrenic]. AB - The author demonstrates structural similarities and phenomenal resemblances between the language of Bertolt Brecht and the idiosyncrasies of expression of schizophrenic subjects. He compares some typical modes of expression on the basis of which he draws some general conclusions. What they have in common appears to be a 'disorganization' of the world as we know it which consists of 'things' and 'symbols'. It is only the notion of the more or less conscious use of these means of expression which allows one to distinguish between the 'linguistic world' of Brecht and that of schizophrenic subjects. These findings agree with those of other studies which have revealed affinities between the artistic expression of the mentally deranged and certain trends in art. The author has elaborated a number of heuristic categories which may be employed to understand the various modes of expression and has presented them in table form. PMID- 1241891 TI - A study of the influence of various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied to a murine squamous carcinoma on its metastatic behaviour. AB - An experimental tumour system for the study of metastasis has been developed using a syngeneically transplanted murine squamous carcinoma of spontaneous origin. Implants of the tumour, which does not elicit a significant immune response, grew and metastasized regularly to regional lymph nodes and lungs, in a manner comparable with that of the more malignant types of human epithelioma. The system has been used to test the influece of pre-operative irradiation, regional lymph node excision, tumour biopsy and manipulation, on metastasis. Of these, only pre-operative irradiation with 2000 rad 24 h before tumour excision produced a significant differential effect--a lower incidence of metastasis. By contrast, local radiation therapy sufficient to cause complete tumour regression but insufficient to achieve long-term local cure was shown to result in accelerated metastasis. A highly significant inhibition of metastasis was observed with the drug ICRF 159, but histological features suggested that its anti-metastatic effect in this system did not depend on morphological changes which might prevent dissemination of tumour cells. PMID- 1241894 TI - Reflex electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence. AB - Experiments with several patients suffering from stress incontinence have shown that indirect stimulation of the levator ani with a vaginal stimulator and especially of the anal sphincter with an anal stimulator affects the urethral sphincter in the same way as direct stimulation. These findings are significant since they enable us to avoid the use of implantable stimulators by substituting external ones. External stimulation is worth trying in all cases of stress incontinence, where other conservative measures have failed. In our cases the results have been very satisfactory. PMID- 1241895 TI - The treatment of bladder carcinoma. PMID- 1241896 TI - Preliminary report of an immunological study in urological cancer. AB - In this study, 32 cases of cancer of the genito-urinary tract are discussed from the viewpoint of immunology. In eight cases treated surgically, there has been no evidence of recurrence over a period of 1-4 years. Those with a good immunological response have a satisfactory course. Patients with a good response have been treated by radical surgery depending on the stage of the tumour, whilst those with a poor response have been treated less radically by reduction of the tumour mass in the hope that a better response may develop. The authors of this report feel that the 'inhibition of the lymphocyte migration test' is a very important factor to evaluate in the study and immunological evolution of the patient. Also, and concerning cases with good immunological response, the poor results after surgery makes us consider the importance and value of blocking factors of the serum closely related to the B type lymphocytes. PMID- 1241897 TI - Rupture of the female urethra in childhood. AB - Rupture of the female urethra is a rare disorder, but perhaps more liable to occur in childhood than in adult life. As in the male, it can follow a fractured pelvis, but the level of the rupture is not simply in the membranous region, and is frequently much higher with destruction of the urethra over a considerable length. The vagina is always involved, so that almost inevitably there is a urethra-vaginal fistula. In the low lesions the bladder and urethral function may be adequate, but stenosis of the vaginal introitus can result in a considerable hydrocolpos, leading to a spurious form of incontinence. In the higher lesions true incontinence can occur, and there may be stricturing of the urethra above or below the urethro-vaginal fistula. Methods of surgical repair are discussed. PMID- 1241898 TI - Mesonephric carcinoma of the female urethra. AB - Mesonephric carcinoma of the female urethra is rare arising from vestiges of the Wolffian duct and is particularly of gynaecological or urological interest. It has been treated once successfully by radical anterior pelvic exenteration. By more conservative methods of treatment such as transurethral resections, radiation or topical application of thio-tepa it is poorly controlled. The diagnosis is established by a histological pattern reminiscent of the mesonephros. PMID- 1241899 TI - The dosage of co-trimoxazole in childhood. AB - Co-trimoxazole, a mixture of one part trimethoprim (TMP) and five parts of sulphamethoxazole (SMX) in fixed ratio was given to 48 children aged between one and 48 months twice daily for up to seven days. Twenty were relatively healthy and 28 were very ill. Dosage was based on age. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were measured just before a dose was due and some three hours later. They were in the efective but not toxic range and serve to justify the simple regimen which generated them. PMID- 1241900 TI - [Prolactin releasing action of the hypothalamic extract in last stage of pregnant rats (author's transl)]. AB - Regulation of prolactin secretion in pituitary is considered to be mostly carried with the action of prolactin inhibiting factor in hypothalamus. We have investigated on the subject of prolactin releasing factor in the hypothalamus of rats in last stage of pregnancy using puerperal and ovariectomized rats as recipients. After prepared the cell-free system of pregnant rat hypothalamus with sonic oscillator, supernatant was produced by ultracentrifuge (25,000 X g, 30 min.) and utilized for the experiments. When the extract was injected intramuscularly to puerperal rats (48-60 hours after delivery), serum prolactin values increased gradually to 3 times of control values, but pituitary prolactin values showed the variation with decrease and recovery. The control values were obtained by determination after injection of cerebral cortical extract to puerperal rats. After administration of a extract of non-pregnant rat hypothalamus to puerperal rats, serum prolactin values decreased and pituitary prolactin values increased antagonistically. In the ovariectomized rats pretreated with estradiol and progesterone, serum prolactin values increased in 1 hour after administration of the extract of pregnant rat hypothalamus, but pituitary prolactin values did not show any variation. The present experiment suggests that the prolactin secretion promoting factor exists in the hypothalamus of pregnant rats and predominates over as compared with PIF in last stage of pregnancy. PMID- 1241901 TI - [Adrenal venography; improvement of the shape of catheter and its clinical application (author's transl)]. AB - The preoperative identification of adrenal tumor is essential to correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Adrenal venography is one of the most useful adjuncts for this purpose, but catheters of various types introduced in the past are not necessarily well configured to catheterize adrenal veins. The catheter newly designed by us made catheterization of the left adrenal vein much easier even for unskilled hands. Our new catheter has been used in 20 of 55 venographical studies which have been carried out in our service. Determination of cortisol concentrations in adrenal venous blood which was performed in 6 cases failed to give any clue to determine the laterality of the existing adrenal tumor. PMID- 1241902 TI - Induced parental care in male convict cichlid fish. AB - Three parameters of parental care were recorded for pairs of cichlid fish (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) caring for their own young to determine the normal parental role of the male. Nonreproductive adult males were induced to exhibit parental behavior (e.g. herding, fin-digging, and defense of young) by daily presentation of free-swimming conspecific young. This process of sensitization to young appears to be species-specific in that males did not exhibit parental care toward alien (Hemichromis bimaculatus) young. Parental behavior in reproductive and nonreproductive males, as well as the implications and function of sensitization in these fish, is discussed. PMID- 1241903 TI - Effect of mother on the development of aggressive behavior in rats. AB - Young rats 23 days of age (Wistar strain) that are offspring of aggressive parents will attack mice. They kill them, however, only if the mother has already killed mice in their presence. Rats 30 days of age will kill mice spontaneously without any previous exposure to killing. The occurrence of muricide activity in young rats of this age is the same as in the adult population. If offspring of aggressive parents are reared by nonaggressive foster mothers from birth, they will not exhibit the muricide reaction at 30 days. In adulthood, however, the reaction appears to the same extent as in the offspring of aggressive parents reared by aggressive mothers. If the descendants of nonaggressive parents are reared by aggressive foster mothers from birth, 64.7% of them will kill mice at the age of 30 days. This aggression is retained in equal intensity during adulthood and cannot be attributed to specific learning in that the mothers have never encountered a mouse in the presence of their foster young. PMID- 1241904 TI - Effects of cohabitation with females on aggressive behavior between male mice. AB - Individual male mice of several groups were observed during daily encounters with a male intruder. The groups differed with regard to social and sexual experience of the resident animal and of the intruder. Aggressive behavior was most intense in residents actually living with a female and least intense in sexually naive residents living alone. Residents that had only once cohabited with a female for a short time obtained intermediate scores. Experienced intruders were attacked less than naive ones. PMID- 1241905 TI - Changes in lateral differentiation of head posture in the human neonate. AB - Developmental changes in the relationship between lateral differences in responsiveness and the assumption of asymmetrical head postures were examined. The head turning of 70 infants ranging in age from 0-72 hr was observed following a procedure (maintenance of the head in a midline position) known to reduce or eliminate lateral differences in the infant's response to stimulation. Even following this procedure infants older than 12 hr made significantly more right than left head turns whereas younger infants exhibited no such difference. When lateral differences in sensitivity were not interfered with in 0 to 12 hr old infants (n=20) they, kile the older infants, made significantly more right than left turns. These results are discussed in terms of possible developmental consequences of a reciprocity between asymmetric head position and lateral differences in sensitivity. PMID- 1241907 TI - Fetal phosphenes and newborn pattern preferences. PMID- 1241906 TI - Daylength and sexual maturation in female house mice. AB - A series of 4 experiments investigated the relationship between day length and sexual maturation in female house mice. Mice reared in constant light matured significantly later than mice maintained under photoperiods involving 0, 6, 12, or 18 hr of light/day. Results of an experiment involving cross-classified combinations of pre- and postweaning photoperiods revealed that only the postweaning photoperiod treatment was a significant factor influencing the attainment of puberty. Studies of body growth, food consumption, and wheel running activity in young females housed under different photoperiods indicated that mice kept in constant light grew more slowly during the first 10 days after weaning, generally consumed more food than mice at other photoperiod conditions, and failed to exhibit regular daily activity patterns like those of mice maintained under photoperiods of 0 or 12 hr of light/day. Constant illumination apparently disrupts the normal physiological and behavioral activity rhythms and delays the attainment of sexual maturity. PMID- 1241908 TI - Chemical control of sour rot of oranges caused by Geotrichum candidum. PMID- 1241909 TI - A new fractionation technique of total abdominal irradiation in ovarian cancer. PMID- 1241910 TI - Effects of drug use. PMID- 1241911 TI - Examples of questionnaires. PMID- 1241912 TI - Effects of disulfiram on the amphetamine-induced behavioral syndrome in the cat as a model of psychosis. AB - We have previously reported that, from a phenomenological standpoint, the behavioral manifestations of cats chronically intoxicated with amphetamine parallel the evolution of the paranoid psychosis induced by the drug in humans. However, certain manifestations in the cat, such as frozen postures, disjunctive behaviors and postures, cataleptic-like phenomena, obstinate progression, loss of righting reflex and pupillary changes, did not appear to be consistent with the phenomenology of the paranoid psychosis. Since treatment of schizophrenic patients with disulfiram, an inhibitor of norepinephrine synthesis that acts at the level of the enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase, thereby leading to increased dopamine concentrations, had been found to profoundly exaggerate psychotic symptomatology, amphetamine behavioral syndrome in the cat as it is modified by pretreatment with disulfiram. Following such pretreatment, a faster development of certain end-stage components of the amphetamine syndrome was obtained. Thus, on the first day, development of a Reactive attitude and of more prominent behavioral disjunction occurred with the combined drug administration as compared with amphetamine alone. In contrast with the facilitation of these behaviors was the absence of dyskinesias and hyperreflexia on that day. Stereotyped behavior, loss of motor initiative and hyperkinetic activity were markedly enhanced and appeared with a shorter latency period on subsequent days of the intoxication cycle. Loss of righting reflex was an early manifestation in these animals. During the later days, the particularly high level of compulsive activity was evident from the occurrence of an obstinate progression syndrome and the performance of stereotyped movements of the head in the presence of a crucifixion posture. In general, modification of the amphetamine effects on behavior was in a direction consistent with comparable features in experimental catatonia and the catatonic form of schizophrenia. The need to integrate such phenomena in any amphetamine model of psychosis is stressed and analogies are drawn with similar features reported in animals treated with bulbocapnine or other psychotogenic compounds and with symptoms of human amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia. PMID- 1241913 TI - Supersensitivity to dopaminergic agonists induced by haloperidol. AB - Haloperidol caused a significant reduction in the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice when added to their diet for 11 days. Upon removal of the drug from their diet these mice exhibited withdrawal hyperactivity for several days that was characterized by an increase in activity over control or pre-halopericol values. Similar results were obtained when mice were fed a diet containing pimozide. Withdrawal hyperactivity was not detected after 1 or 3 days of haloperidol containing diet, but was maximal after 6 days of this diet. Dose-response curves of apomorphine-stimulated motor activity and rearing behavior were shifted to the left when determined in mice during the period of withdrawal hyperactivity. Dopaminergic agonists (apomorphine, piribedil, L-DOPA and d-amphetamine) induced gnawing at lower doses in mice removed from a chronic haloperidol-containing diet for 2 days than in mice maintained on a control diet. These results support the hypothesis that prolonged blockade of central dopaminergic receptors by neuroleptics causes subsequent behavioral effects that may be due to the development of enhanced receptor sensitivity. PMID- 1241914 TI - Pharmacogenetic studies of the serotonergic system in association with convulsive seizures in mice. AB - Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was determined in whole brain from male C57BL/10/Bg and DBA/1Bg mice at 14 different ages between postnatal days 4 and 33. Brain TPH activity was higher at every age in C57BL/10/Bg than in DBA/1/Bg mice, the difference being 30-50% after day 20. The apparent Km of the enzyme for substrate was identical (1.4 X 10(-5) M) in both strains. The reciprocal F1's between DBA/1/Bg and C57BL/10/Bg strains were similar in TPH activity, being slighlty lower than the predicted midparental value. At 30 days of age, C57BL/6/Bg males also had high TPH activity, indistinguishable from the C57BL/10/Bg strain. Audiogenic seizure susceptibility in these strains and their hybrid F1's was inversely correlated with their brain TPH activities. These results indicate that seizure susceptibility and aggression in mice may be related to the serotonergic activity in the brain. In the case of seizures, ethanol-induced susceptibility to audiogenic seizures in mice was enhanced by reserpine, and the effect of reserpine could be reversed by 5-HTP but not by DOPA. Furthermore, p-chlorophenylalanine also enhanced such susceptibility, whereas alpha-methyltyrosine had no effect. In the withdrawal audiogenic seizures in mice during chronic ethanol treatment, adrenalectomy blocked the ethanol induced increase of brain TPH activity and also prevented the withdrawal seizures. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the serotonergic system is among the components regulating excitability in the brain. PMID- 1241915 TI - A model for the neurobiological mechanisms of action involved in lithium prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. AB - The effects of chronic administration of lithium chloride on the serotonin synthesizing apparatus in rat brain suggest a theoretical model that could explain how chronic treatment with lithium is prophylactic against both poles of affect in manic-depressive disorder. After three to five days of lithium chloride administration the Vmax of high affinity uptake of (14C) tryptophan into striate synaptosomes increased to 140% of control values, and tryptophan-to-serotonin conversion activity increased to about the same degree. These events were followed by an apparently compensatory decrease in the Vmax of midbrain activity cell body and striate nerve ending tryptophan hydroxylase activity. After 21 days of drug administration (14C)-tryptophan uptake remained above control levels, and soluble midbrain and solubilized striate synaptosomal enzyme activity remained below control levels, but synaptosomal conversion activity had returned to control levels. In vitro, drug concentrations from 10 to 53 mM did not affect the enzyme activity, but did enhance the uptake and conversion measures. Also, increasing tryptophan levels either by pre-incubation with L-tryptophan in vitro or by the administration of L-tryptophan (20 to 60 mg/kg) in vivo enhanced the uptake and conversion measures. The data suggest the possibility that lithium pushed two complementary adaptive mechanisms to their capacities, and the net result is restricted but balanced function of serotonergic transmission in the brain. PMID- 1241916 TI - [Ultrastructure of cerebellar hemangioblastoma]. AB - Authors describe the fine structure of the border zone of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. This electron microscopie study corroborates all the previous optic microscopic results concerning absence of a well delimited bound between hemangioblastoma and bordering cerebellar tissue. Different stages of peculiar cellular degeneration are found, and an attempt for interpretation is given. However these morphologic changes are insufficient to allow further explanation about the histogenesis of hemangioblastomas, which remains unknown. PMID- 1241918 TI - Reflux into vagina, uterus, Fallopian tubes and peritoneal cavity during voiding cystourethrography: case report. AB - A case of reflux of contrast medium into the peritoneal cavity via the vagina, uterus and Fallopian tubes during voiding cystourethrography is presented. This patient had abdominal symptoms which may have been related to intraperitoneal reflux of urine during voiding. PMID- 1241917 TI - Suprapubic micturition cystourethrography in infancy and childhood. AB - Suprapubic bladder puncture has recently found additional employment in paediatric radiology as a technique for micturition cystourethrography. Experience of 247 micturition cystourethrographies (MCU) by means of suprapubic bladder puncture (SBP) in 210 children aged from 6 days to 15 years is reported. The technique is simple: complications were observed in 6%, but were harmless in nature. The advantages consist in the absolutely sterile procedure, less strain on the children, and the possibility of simultaneously obtaining bladder urine, directly, for bacteriological and cytological examination. PMID- 1241919 TI - [Effects of exposure to cold on the ovarian cycle the rat and its biological age]. PMID- 1241920 TI - Clozapine and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, a critical appraisal. AB - This paper discusses some of the pharmacological and neurochemical properties of clozapine, and the special attributes that differentiate clozapine from the classical neuroleptics. The question as to whether or not clozapine blocks DA receptors--a crucial point in regard to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia- has received particular attention. Neurochemical, neuropharmacological, and endocrinological evidence is presented which speaks against a DA-receptor blockade by clozapine in pharmacologically relevant doses. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the dopamine hypothesis which proposes a direct relationship between antipsychotic effect and DA-receptor blockade. PMID- 1241921 TI - [Anterior and posterior rhythms during onset of sleep in man]. PMID- 1241922 TI - [Parasitological survey, with special reference to schistosomiasis mansoni, conducted in the region of Jacupiranga (Ribeira valley, State of Sao Paulo). Survey of the location and distribution of planorbidian snails in the State of Sao Paulo. VII]. AB - The results of a parasitological survey, emphasizing particularly schistosomiasis mansoni, are presented. The area under study was the district of Cajati, situated in the "municipio" of Jacupiranga (State of Sao Paulo, Brazil) near schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Vale do Ribeira. Though the presence of parasitized people by Schistosoma mansoni has been reported and focuses of Biomphalaria tenagophila, the species responsible for the spreading of the parasites through great areas of the state, has been localized, it has not been reported any autochthonous case nor the presence of schistosoma-infected planorbidian snails. As a contribution to the planorbidical chart of the State, it is reported as original the discovery of the species Drepanotrema cimex and D. depressissimum in that area. The detection of antitoxoplasmic antibodies in a sample of the studied population showed a significant prevalence rate corresponding to 76,4%. PMID- 1241923 TI - [(Perceptual disturbances in cerebral palsy, part II: Perceptual disturbances in the cerebral palsied child) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241924 TI - [The cologne riding course for the blind. Original information on a didactic methodical approach (author's transl)]. AB - Since November 1973 a riding course has been carried out with six blind adults. Due to the instructional methods the participants were able to ride independently, without an attendant, after only 30 hours. The effects of riding on the blind encompass coordination training and development of muscle strength. Furthermore, riding has a pronounced influence on the circulatory system. This attractive reaction activity provides the person who, as a result of his specific handicapping condition is limited in both the spatial and social fields, with an expansion of his living space and sphere of experience. PMID- 1241926 TI - [Medullar cystic kidney disease of familial juvenile nephrophthisis]. PMID- 1241927 TI - [Treatment of ovarian dysfunction in sideropenic anemia due to hypermenorrhea]. PMID- 1241925 TI - Blood group, behavioral, and morphological differences among dizygotic twins. PMID- 1241928 TI - [Presence of endogenous inhibitors of the respiratory chain in organs and tissues of rat]. AB - 14 organs and tissues of the rat were tested for inhibitors of the respiratory chain. Electron transfer particles (ETP) from beef heart mitochondria served as test object. The respiratory measurements were carried out in the presence of serum albumin to avoid the reversible inhibition by fatty acids. Inhibition of the NADH oxidase system was observed with testicle, ovary, placenta, amnion, mammary gland, sceletal muscle, skin, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs and brain; the succinate oxidase system was inhibited by preparations from testicle, placenta, amnion, mammary gland, sceletal muscle and skin. Moreover, a self-inhibition of the succinate oxidase activity of the homogenates was observed with brain, liver and placenta. The respiration of the homogenates was inhibited by the respiratory inhibitor RF from rabbit reticulocytes in any case tested. With some objects besides inhibitions also stimulatory effects on the respiration of ETP appeared (vesicular gland, sceletal muscle, spleen, lungs). The inhibitory activities of the rat organs and tissues disappeared in most cases by heat treatment (10 min, 60 degrees C). A part of the inhibitors was sensitive against storage as well as freezing and thawing. They might be lipids (e.g. slow irreversible inhibition by fatty acids not relieved by serum albumin) or inhibitory proteins like RF and enzymes (proteinases and phospholipases). A protein nature is likely for the NADH oxidase inhibitors from liver, kidney, lungs, brain, sceletal muscle and placenta as well as for the succinate oxidase inhibitor from testicle. The results presented suggest the universal distribution and action of endogenous respiratory inhibitors. Presumably they occur in all mitochondria-containing cells. Their primary biological importance may be the triggering of the degradation of mitochondria. High inhibitory activities are present in cells with a high rate of renewal of the mitochondria and furthermore in maturation, differentiation and involution processes which are accompanied by a decline of the number of mitochondria. PMID- 1241929 TI - Reversible changes in the testes and epididymides of dog treated with alpha chlorohydrin. AB - 1. Chronic administration of alpha-chlorohydrin (8 mg/kg body wt for 30 days) caused lesions in the testis of dog. The changes in the germ cells were degenerative. The seminiferous tubule and Leydig cell nuclear diameter were reduced. 2. Epididymal cell height was greatly reduced and the stereocilia had disappeared completely. The lumen was devoid of spermatozoa. 3. Alpha chlorohydrin administration inhibited the RNA and sialic acid contents in the testes and epididymides of dog. Total cholesterol and lipids/g of testes were increased significantly after alpha-chlorohydrin administration. 4. These effects were reversible. Repopulation of testis tubules occurred following a period of 100 days recovery in dog. Numerous spermatogonia and sperm develop and traverse the epididymides. The RNA, sialic acid, cholesterol and total lipids of testes and epididymides returned to subnormal levels. 5. The possibility of using alpha chlorohydrin as male contraception is indicated. PMID- 1241930 TI - [Significance of different social factors active in the course of ontogenesis, for the effectiveness of chronic stress influences upon cerebro-visceral regulation processes of albino rats]. AB - Fifty male albino rats were used to study how social factors (animals kept in large groups with playing-cage character, or in social isolation by solitary maintenance) are reflected in the responsiveness of cerebro-visceral regulation processes to chronic stress exposure. The following results were obtained: Animals kept from the 12.-30. week of life in social companionship and, additionally, exposed to chronic stress influences, proved to be greatly resistant to permanent load. This effect is referred to the rich supply of social afferentations and to the pronounced stimulation of proprioreceptive reafference as a result of social communication and motor activity. Animals kept, after preceding large-group maintenance, in social isolation from the 17.-30. week and simultaneously being exposed to the same stress influence as the animals in the playing cage, showed symptoms of an early stage of neurotically induced, arterial hypertension. Here, the chronic lack of socially determined, adequate environmental afferentation and of proprioreceptive reafference, as was typical of solitary maintenance, proved to be a factor enhancing the pathological predisposition of the organism under extreme environmental conditions. PMID- 1241931 TI - Demonstration of Salmonellae in sausages of high fat content. PMID- 1241932 TI - Biometrical study on ewes' genital tract during postestrus. PMID- 1241933 TI - [Problem of divorce for mental illness]. PMID- 1241934 TI - [Voluntary abortion and resistance to contraception]. PMID- 1241935 TI - [Cytophysiological data on the mechanism of estrogen action on pituitary gonadotropic function during estrus cycle in rats]. PMID- 1241937 TI - [Influence of thermal and mechanical treatment of animal feed on the true digestibility of amino acids. 1. True digestibility of amino acids in soy bean meals treated by varying heat]. AB - Thermal treatment inactivates harmful components in some feedingstuffs such as extracted soy bean meal. The true digestibility of amino acids from untreated and heat-treated extracted soya bean meal had been determined in order to investigate the great variety of ways in which thermal treatment might affect food proteins, e.g. in producing a decomposition of inhibitors or damaging the amino acids. The trials were carried out with young pigs. PMID- 1241936 TI - [Influence of feed mixtures supplemented with animal fat on milk yield and milk composition]. AB - Animal fat was administered in fat-supplemented mixtures of concentrates in amounts varying from 0%, 5%, to 10%. The trials were carried out on 12 dairy cows. The best results were obtained with mixed concentrates containing 5% of animal fat. Animals on these food rations produced 6.75% more milk (expressed in units of fat-corrected milk (FCM) and 9.87% more milk fat. Additions of animal fat affected the composition of milk fat in such a way that the milk contained smaller portions of short-chain fatty acids and higher proportions of stearic and oleic acid. PMID- 1241938 TI - [Studies on the various sugar-urea and sugar-starch-urea relationships with reference to the fermentation in the rumen and the digestibility of nutrients in fattening cattle]. AB - Recommendations are given saying that sugar-to-crude fibre rations of not more than 1.7:1 and sugar-to-urea ratios of 12:1 should be used in the fattening of cattle fed urea-supplemented rations of roughages in which 40% to 50% of the crude protein content of the ration had been replaced by urea. The amount of sugar per kg live-weight should not exceed 4 g. Higher quantities reduce the digestibility of crude fibre and, additionally, decrease the NH3 level and the pH in the rumen. At the same time the amount of volatile fatty acids is increased while the content of ruminal acetic acid decreases. Variations in the sugar-to starch ratio had no statistically significant influence on the nitrogen balance whereas it was found that increasing quantities of sugar significantly decreased the digestibility of crude fibre. The proportional content of sugar in the readily metabolisable carbohydrates contained in the ration should not exceed 20% to 50%. PMID- 1241939 TI - [Studies with ammonized straw pellets used as a sole basal diet in the feeding of ruminants. 1. Feeding trials with dairy cows fed ammonized straw pellets as a sole basal diet]. AB - Feeding trials were performed with two groups of dairy cows receiving ammonized straw pellets supplemented with varying levels of concentrates as sole basal diet. The trials were carried out over periods of 546 days and 120 days. An annual milk production of 4217.9 kgs (calculated on the basis of 3.5% of milk fat) per cow was achieved in group I by feeding 3060.6 kgs of straw pellets and 2014.7 kgs of concentrates per animal. After subtracting all additives an amount of 2641.1 kgs of pure straw (= 52%) and of 2434.2 kgs of concentrated food (= 48%) remained so that the resulting amount of dry feed consumed per 100 kg of milk was 120.3 kg. A total of 6309.6 kgs of milk was produced per cow over a period of 546 days of trial. During this period the average weight gain per cow was 98.4 kgs. 1517.3 kgs of milk (calculated on the basis of 3.5% milk fat) per cow were produced in group II (56 cows) over a period of 105 days by feeding 892.5 kgs of straw pellets and 682.5 kgs of concentrate pellets. The concentrate pellets contained 50% of ammonized dried sugar beet chips but not extracted meals. PMID- 1241940 TI - [Excretion of zinc in lactating cows receiving various supply of zinc]. AB - Studies were carried out with 5 lactating cows receiving a semisynthetic diet to trace the pattern of zinc excretion in the faeces, urine and milk under conditions of Zn depletion and repletion. Faecal Zn concentrations were found to be drastically reduced during a 6-week period of Zn depletion. The Zn supply to the animals at different levels of Zn repletion (varying between 22 mg and 436 mg Zn per kg) was well reflected in the corresponding faecal Zn concentrations. Similarly, faecal Zn excretion expressed as the percentage of Zn supplied with the diet was shown to change with the level of Zn supply. In the range between 6 mg and 54 m Zn per kg of dietary dry matter the level of relative faecal Zn excretion increased from 42% to 56% whereas with higher Zn supplements (up to 436 mg/kg) only slight increases (up to 60%) were observed. This indicates that the organism exhibits a strong tendency to maintain a physiological balance; this tendency is all the more pronounced with increasing Zn depletion; thus after 19 weeks of Zn depletion as little as 25% of the administered amount of Zn was excreted in the faeces. The average minimum of urinary Zn concentrations was 0.25 mg Zn per litre. The Zn concentrations in urine were not found to be dependent on the Zn supply. The level of relative Zn excretion in the milk was markedly increased despite the reduced concentrations of milk Zn during the periods of Zn deficiency. At the beginning of Zn depletion rather more zinc was released with the milk than was taken up with the Zn deficient diet. The mean proportion of milk Zn in the total amount of dietary Zn over the 6-week depletion period was 91%. With Zn amounts of 22 mg, 54 mg, 87 mg, 108 mg, 130 mg and 436 mg per kg of diet 23.7%, 13.1%, 12.9%, 5.7%, 4.3%, and 1.7% of the dietary Zn were excreted with the milk. Thus, a relative decrease of Zn excretion in the milk was observed, i.e. relative to the level of Zn supplementation. PMID- 1241941 TI - [Studies using labeled urea on lactating ruminants. 4. Incorporation of 15N-urea into the basic amino acids of goat milk]. AB - Goats were used in a trial to investigate the rate of 15N incorporation from labelled urea into the basic amino acids of the milk (excess of 15N = 24.9 atom%). As early as 20 minutes after administration of the first dose of 15N urea nitrogen labelling in arginine and lysine was observed. The highest level of 15N labelling was noticed for lysine and arginine 24 hrs after start of the trial. The peak values of labelling for histidine were essentially lower. Reference is made to peculiarities of the ruminal metabolism of histidine. PMID- 1241942 TI - Radioactive antigen suicide of an anti-DNP (2,4-dinitrophenyl) clone. I. Recovery and escape from clonal dominance by suicide resistant precursors. AB - An anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) clone line, maintained in vivo by serial passage through irradiated syngeneic recipients, was exposed to 125I-labeled dinitrophenylated L-Tyr-L-Glu-L-Lys copolymer antigen of high specific activity. Hapten-specific suicide was obtained, though with more difficulty than for a heterogeneous secondary response. The recovery was followed and was shown to occur either with the same clones or with new clones, depending on conditions. After suicide at a late passage of the clone, recovery by new clones occured very rapidly. This indicated that there was a background heterogeneity in the clone system, normally suppressed by clonal dominance and that some of these new clones were suicide resistant. PMID- 1241943 TI - Characteristics of immunological memory in mice. II. Resistance of nonrecirculating memory cells to antigen-mediated suppression of the secondary antibody response. AB - Mice were primed and subsequently challenged at various times with subcutaneous injections of sheep erythrocytes, and some characteristics of the secondary responses in the draining brachial and axillary lymph nodes were investigated. It was found that the secondary response within primed nodes was resistant to immunological preemption, a competition-like phenomenon which severely depresses primary responses. Since it was also shown that circulating memory cells could be inhibited by preempting injections of antigen, it was concluded that the resistance of primed nodes to preemption was due to the presence within them of a nonrecirculating subpopulation of memory cells. The size of this population was dependent both on the amount of priming antigen and the time after priming. The observation that the response given by these cells remained unaffected by doses of antigen which could depress a primary response does not favor the view that suppression of immune responses by preemption or antigenic competition is due to a factor which acts directly and indiscriminately on all immunologically competent cells. PMID- 1241944 TI - Radioactive antigen suicide of an anti-DNP (2,4-dinitrophenyl) clone. II. Follow up of clones relatively resistant to radioactive antigen suicide when initially selected. AB - After suicide of the anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) clone E21 in a previous experiment (Eur. J. Immunol. 1975. 5:58) several new clones (S clones) appeared promptly in the recipients. There was compelling evidence that they were then resistant to suicide, relative to E21. We now report further studies on these S clones and their antibodies. The antibodies of half of the S clones had affinities ten to one hundred times higher than E21 (3 x 10(-7) M); none was lower. The four tested were also able to bind DNP on the particular conjugate used for the suicide procedure. Three of the S clones were serially propagated, they showed a very great capacity for proliferation, transferring into 510, 85 and 110 recipients each. When their cells were tested at subsequent passages, they recovered early after inhibition by radioactive antigen. Two S clones may still have been somewhat refractory to suicide but, probably in all three, rapid proliferation was largely responsible for the recovery of the few cells escaping suicide, and helped them to appear suicide resistant. PMID- 1241945 TI - Bispecific cells among IgM and IgG producers during the early phase of primary and secondary responses. AB - Simultaneous immunization of mice with sheep (SRBC) and horse (HRBC) erythrocytes regularly resulted in the appearance of hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) specific for each type of erythrocyte and also of PFC lysing both types of erythrocytes. After primary stimulation the highest number of bispecific cells (42/10(6) cells) was found among PFC as revealed by the direct procedure (IgM producers). Among PFC enhanced with anti-mouse Fab serum (IgG producers), bispecific cells were less numerous (8/10(6) cells). In preparations enhanced by anti-mouse-gammaFc serum which reveals IgG producers without inhibiting IgM antibody, the number of bispecific PFC equalled the sum of bispecific cells revealed by direct and anti-Fab enhanced procedures. The number of direct bispecific PFC during primary and secondary response was approximately the same, whereas the number of IgG-producing, bispecific PFC increased considerably during the secondary response. Another difference was the time limitation of the appearance of bispecific cells: after primary immunization direct bispecific PFC were detected only on days 3, 4 and 5, but enhanced bispecific PFC were present from day 4 up to day 12. However, during the secondary reaction, bispecific PFC were detected by all three procedures only between days 3 and 6. Studies on the cross-reactivity between SRC and HRBC gave negative results at the humoral level, even when the mice were primed with a minimal amount of both erythrocytes and then two months later, boosted with one of them. Studies at the cellular level showed that after immunization with one antigen, only 0.4 to 0.7 direct or enhanced PFC/10(6) cells could simultaneously lyse both erythrocyte types. Thus, a hundred times more bispecific PFC were constantly found after double immunization of the animals. Moreover, sudden disappearance of all bispecific PFC on the 7th day after secondary stimulation makes it unlikely that all bispecific PFC are simply cross-reacting cells. PMID- 1241947 TI - [Kinematics of the knee joint and guidelines for a general regular construction of vertebrate joints]. PMID- 1241946 TI - Angiogenic tumor in the small intestine. A case report and review of the literature published in Japan. AB - 1) A rare case of such angiogenic tumor in the duodenum as presumed to be hemangioblastoma was reported in detail. 2) Cases of angiogenic tumor in the small intestine reported in Japan were reviewed and summarized. PMID- 1241948 TI - [Biological effect of fibrous dusts]. PMID- 1241949 TI - [Significance and size of inhalable fibers and their carcinogenic effect]. PMID- 1241950 TI - Lithium and amphetamine hyperactivity in rats. Differential effect on d and l isomers? AB - The author contended opposite pharmacological effects resulting from lithium and amphetamine. Three groups, each one consisting of four rats, were put on chronic lithium condition to measure its effects on amphetamine hyperactivity. This condition was effected after appropriate handling and saline control periods and the baselines for drug activity were measured. In young rats (150-200g), lithium significantly decreased d-amphetamine hyperactivity (and probably other effects, like anorexia) while producing little effect on amphetamine stereotyped behavior (ASB). If confirmed, this fact may prove of marked importance in further localizing and studying the pharmacology of lithium. However, this observation was true in only three rats of the first group. All other rats, of the older group or of the other strain, showed only ASB, a fact that also deserves further study because it seems to contradict previous important reports. PMID- 1241951 TI - Studies on cartilage formation. XVIII. Changes of the composition of glycosaminoglycans in the regenerating articular surface. AB - The cartilaginous articular surface of the distal part of the femur of adult dogs was removed and the composition of GAGs was determined in the granulation tissue adhering to the bone wound and in that adhering to the articular capsule 7, 33, and 70 days after operation. The articular cartilage and the synovial layer of the articular capsule of intact adult dogs were also studies. The materials were digested with papain and the released GAGs were fractionated according to Svejcar and Robertson's method. The articular cartilage of non-operated dogs contained, on the average, 65.3% ChS, 13% KS, 5.8% HA and 15.8% GAG of lower molecular weight. The synovial layer of the capsule contained 41.1% HA, 15.3% Ch4-S and Ch6 S, 13.7% DS, 21.7% KS, 2% H and 6% GAG of lower molecular weight. The granulation tissue of the articular surface and that adhering to the capsule show a different developmental course. The former differentiates into cartilage, whereas the latter is simply added to the tissue of the capsule. The two tissues are different in GAG composition as early as on the 7th postoperative day. With time an increase of Ch4-S, Ch6-S and KS can be observed in the tissue of the articular surface. The tissue adhering to the capsule is characterized by a high HA and an increasing DS content. From the study of the composition of GAG's (proportion of GAG building stones) a deeper insight can be obtained into the details of GAG biosynthesis characteristic of cartilage than from the analysis of quantitative data of ChS. In the development of GAG composition characteristic of the tissue, the epimerase reactions participating in GAG biosynthesis, and the mechanisms regulating their activities seem to play a primary role. PMID- 1241952 TI - [Diet, lipids, lipoproteins and glucose tolerance in patients with peripheral obliterating arteriopathy]. PMID- 1241953 TI - [Systolic times of the left ventricle in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation and blocking]. PMID- 1241954 TI - Alcoholism: prevention better than cure. PMID- 1241955 TI - [Use of lasers in the treatment of urethral polyps in women]. PMID- 1241956 TI - Effects of various denervation techniques on the ATP of the rat vas deferens. AB - Postganglionic denervation of the vas deferens of the rat by surgical means or pretreatment with 6-hydroxy-dopamine results in a substantial decrease in the concentration of ATP in the tissue. The loss of ATP cannot entirely be accounted for by the loss of neuronal ATP nor by a compromised blood supply. The results suggest that the postganglionic nerve plays an important role in the regulation of the ATP of the effector cells. PMID- 1241957 TI - Definitive symptoms of post-menopause--incorporating use of vaginal parabasal cell index. PMID- 1241959 TI - [The immune response to cryotherapy of prostatic carcinoma]. AB - The Authors look for the theoric process by which an immunological response can occur after cryosurgery of prostate carcinoma. The theories about the development of this hypothetic response are explained and thoroughly considered also in the light of personal results. PMID- 1241958 TI - [A new diphasic serotype of S. egusi:=41:d: [1,5]-sub genus I]. AB - Description of a new serotype of Salmonella: S.egusi, var. diphasic=41:d:[1,5], belonging to Subgenus I, from the lizard Lacerta sicula sicula, Raf., captured in Messina, Sicily, Italy. PMID- 1241960 TI - An investigation of helminth parasites in well-cared for dogs in Accra. AB - A survey of a relative prevalence of helminth parasites in pet dogs has been conducted in the Accra metropolitan area. Carcass examination revealed a high incidence of Ancylostoma caninum (58%), Toxocara canis (40%), Dipylidium caninum (24%), Spirocerca lupi (18%) and a low 2% of Taenia pisiformis. Stool examination revealed hookworm ova in approximately 39% stools, ascarid ova in 4%, tapeworm in 1.3% and Spirocerca in 0.24; a low incidence of Strongloides (0.03) and trichurid ova (0.1%) were also encountered. It appears that anthelmintic treatment of dogs is relatively ineffective and indirect transmission of hook-worm and ascarids in children may occur in Accra. PMID- 1241962 TI - The monoamine oxidase B inhibitor deprenyl potentiates phenylethylamine behaviour in rats without inhibition of catecholamine metabolite formation. AB - The drug l-deprenyl has been reported to have antidepressant properties, and in the present study three possible mechanisms of action were investigated in animal experiments. l-Deprenyl, which is a type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, was compared to clorgyline, an MAO A inhibitor with regard to its inhibitory effect on the formation of three major catecholamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MOPEG) in the rat brain in vivo. Apart from a difference in dose levels the two drugs showed no difference in the dose--response pattern of all three metabolites. Clorgyline inhibited the formation of HVA, DOPAC and MOPEG with an ED50 of about 0.2 mg/kg s.c. and l-deprenyldopamine and noradrenaline are formed by the same type of monoamine oxidase(s), probably type A, in the rat brain in vivo. Antidepressant properties of l-deprenyl therefore seem to be independent of catecholamine deamination. l-Deprenyl but not clorgyline (2 or 8 mg/kg s.c.) potentiated the stereotyped sniffing behaviour induced by beta-phenylethylamine, a specific substrate for type B monoamine oxidase. This result is discussed in relation to a new hypothesis of phenylethylamine and dopamine involvement in depression. l-Deprenyl was 10,000 times less potent than DMI as inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake in crude synaptosomes from the occipital cortex of rat brain. Inhibition of noradrenaline uptake was therefore excluded as a possible mechanism for the antidepressant action of l-deprenyl. PMID- 1241961 TI - Potentiating effect of lithium chloride on aggressive behavior induced in mice by nialamide plus L-DOPA and by clonidine. AB - Effects of acute administration of LiCl on aggressive behavior and alterations in brain norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) contents induced by nialamide plus L-DOPA and by clonidine were examined in mice. Effects of LiCl on turnover and metabolism of brain NE were also investigated. LiCl potentiated the aggressiveness induced by both nialamide plus L-DOPA and by clonidine. Increase in levels of brain NE, DA and 5-HT by nialamide plus L-DOPA was not affected by LiCl. The potentiating effect of LiCl on clonidine aggression was not observed in mice pretreated with disulfiram. Although LiCl did not alter the steady state levels of brain NE, DA and 5-HT, it increased the turnover of NE and decreased the content of endogenous normetanephrine. These results favour the assumption that lithium reduces the ability of nerve terminal vesicles to store NE leading to an increased turnover and decreased concentration of NE at receptor sites. PMID- 1241963 TI - Soybean virus Z: its characteristics and taxonomy. AB - Soybean virus Z is a hitherto undescribed virus of soybeans found in Australia. It has a limited host range, attains a low concentration in plants and has a thermal inactivation point of 65 degrees. It has flexuous filamentous particles with a modal length of 610 nm and forms amorphous inclusions, but no pinwheels, in infected cells. It has not been transmitted by aphids or by seed. Its genome is RNA with the composition G23, A26, C25, U26, and its coat protein weights about 2.7 X 104. This virus seems to be unrelated to previously described viruses of soybeans, and does not fall into any of the described virus groups with similar particles. PMID- 1241964 TI - [Peripheral susceptibility of hamsters to Japanese encephalitis virus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241965 TI - [Stillbirth and abortion in hamsters by experimental infection with Japanese encephalitis virus. I. Occurrence of stillbirth and abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241966 TI - [Stillbirth and abortion in hamsters by experimental infection with Japanese encephalitis virus II. Prevention of stillbirth and abortion by immunization (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241967 TI - Effect of triiodothyronine (T3) thyroparathyroidectomy and mercaptoimidazole treatment on enchondral bone growth. II. Growth dynamics in the proximal growth organ of the tibia in young rats. AB - The 24 hour growth rate of the tibial proximal growth organ was investigated in triiodothyronine or mercaptoimidazole-treated, and in thyroidectomized male rats. Longitudinal growth of the tibia of the same period was also studied. After one week treatment, the 24 hour rate of growth in the triiodothyronine-treated rats was retarded as compared with the controls, whereas at the end of the 3rd and 5th weeks the growth rate of the treated animals exceeded that of the controls. The tibia was somewhat longer in the treated rats than in the untreated controls, though the difference was not significant. The growth rate in the growth organ of mercaptoimidazole-treated and thyroidectomized animals was generally higher than that measured in the controls. The length of the tibia was less than in the controls, but the difference was not significant. The phenomenon is attributed to the altered hormonal conditions. PMID- 1241968 TI - Individual tuna trolling strategies and transmission of fishing skills in a local community of Shimokita Peninsula. AB - Trolling techniques and strategies of fishermen of Oma in northern Japan to catch blue-fin tunas Thunnus thynnus are described. Usage patterns of fishing devices revealed to have ecological, psychological, and social implications. Choice of fish baits depended not only on the environmental factors relevant to the ecology of fish, but also on fishermen's skills which were different among different age groups and individuals. Younger fishermen preferred live baits to dead baits or lures whereas middle-aged or older ones chose them significantly less frequently. Moreover, the combination of a bait and a line by the latter denoted particular differences and specializations in terms of fishing strategies. Large differences in tuna landings indicating individual variations of skills were apparently related to techniques of trolling gear operation. In spite of an individual-based work. alternating work exchanging baits, and gifting were important in compensating physiological and technical handicaps through fishermen's interpersonal relationships based on genealogical, generational, and neighboring bondages. The exploitative difference between the coastal and the off-shore fishing grounds, use of baits being more varied in the latter, which were lately developed area, was also referred to as a problem of transmission in a local community of technical and mental skills. PMID- 1241969 TI - [Functional state and reactivity of the adrenal cortex in rats with hereditarily conditioned hypertension]. AB - Investigations conducted by the authors have made it certain that biosynthesis of cortico steroids from progesterone-C14 in rats of Ocamoto (SHR) line with hereditary-conditioned hypertension at chronic stage of the disease does not experience any substantial changes. At the same time, an acute emotional (immobilization) stress results in greater changes in the biosynthesis of corticosteroids, metabolism of aldosterone and its blood content in the SHR rats as compared to control, normotensive ones of the Wistar line. Hyperaldosteronism revealed in the SHR rats becomes particularly intensive in response to an additional neurogenic stimulation. An important role in the mechanism of its development plays reduced metabolism of aldosterone in the liver of the SHR rats, especially in response to a stress. PMID- 1241971 TI - Development of injectable microcapsules for use in the treatment of narcotic addiction. AB - Injectible microcapsules containing narcotic antagonists have been prepared with dl-poly (lactic acid) as the coating material. The encapsulation technology has been developed to the point that high yields of less than 180 mu capsules can be prepared routinely. Such capsules with an initial payload of 50 wt. per cent naltrexone pamoate provide 60-90 per cent antagonism to the action of morphine 28 days after injection into mice as a peanut oil/aluminum monostearate suspension at a dose level of 40 miligrams naltrexone pamoate/kg. mouse. PMID- 1241970 TI - Development of polylactic/glycolic acid delivery systems for use in treatment of narcotic addiction. AB - Implantable polylactic/glycolic acid matrix systems have successfully provided the sustained release of naltrexone to mice for periods of up to 200 days. In vitro and in vivo release rates have been determined by measuring chemical concentrations in pH 7 buffer solution and urine, respectively, and in vivo efficacy has been measured by direct challenge with morphine (Dewey-Harris mouse tail-flick test). Dosage forms of small inplantable cylinders, 1/16 inch diameter, (25 mg/rod, one rod/mouse) containing 33 per cent by weight naltrexone pamoate in 90 L(+)/10 polylactic/glycolic acid have sustained the delivery of chemical for 200 days. Delivery of chemical from dosage forms of 1/16 inch diameter spherical beads (3 mg/bead, 3 beads/mouse) containing 33 per cent by weight naltrexone base in 90 L(+)/10 polylactic/glycolic acid was sustained for 60 days. Earlier a similar bead type dosage form of 75 L(+)/25 polylactic/glycolic acid containing 50 per cent by weight naltrexone base and coated with the pure polymer provided controlled release for 25 days. Polymerization conditions which incorporate the use of pharmacologically suitable catalysts and yield products reproducibly have beendelineated. Techniques for sterilization of the final implant have been screened. PMID- 1241972 TI - A case of inversion of the uterus. PMID- 1241973 TI - Changes observed in the reproductive tract of a beaver female after high dosages of gonadotropic hormones. PMID- 1241974 TI - [Minor survey on trichinosis and leptospirosis in swine]. PMID- 1241975 TI - Monozygotic female twins concordant for sarcoidosis. PMID- 1241976 TI - Notes on prediction of behavioural change in evaluation of drug education. AB - Much drug education has, rightly or wrongly, been concerned, implicitly or explicitly, with affecting the probability of drug use. This note is concerned with the assumption, often underlying both the application of educational methods and their evaluation, that behaviour change is somehow caused by changes in attitude and can be predicted on the basis of changes in response to attitude scales. Evaluation results are discussed to demonstrate that attitude and behaviour do not necessarily co-vary as one might expect. A model of choice is outlined as a step towards a more adequate formulation that recognises the situational context of verbal and non-verbal behaviours. PMID- 1241977 TI - The influence of early lead exposure on morphine reinforcement in the rat. AB - The effect of early lead burdens on morphine-seeking behavior was investigated in the albino rat. Several concentrations of lead acetate were administered to nursing mother starting at 0,7 or 14 days after birth, or provided directly to the pups in the drinking water after weaning, so that lead exposure was continous for 3 successive weeks in each group. The offspring were later tested for acquisition and maintenance of a goal-box preference based on morphine reinforcement. High lead burdens imposed before the second week of age resulted in a mild but significantly greater incidence of morphine-seeking responses, as well as retarded growth, compared with placebo-treated controls or animals treated at a later age. The data support the proposition that lead, introduced at a critical stage of development via the lactating mother, increases the potency of morphine reinforcement as a result of changes in cerebral dopaminergic activity. This effect may be mediated directly by the high lead burdens in the offspring, or indirectly by interfering with the mother's nursing capacity. PMID- 1241978 TI - [Abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in renal failure]. PMID- 1241979 TI - [Uric acid metabolism in kidney diseases, with special reference to hyperuricemia in chronic nephritis]. PMID- 1241980 TI - [Experimental studies on renin inhibitor]. PMID- 1241981 TI - [Administration of massive dosages of sodium and frosemide during the last stage of chronic renal failure, with special reference to hearing disorder]. PMID- 1241982 TI - [2 cases of chronic nephritis with reduction of early complement components]. PMID- 1241983 TI - [Tryptophan metabolism in long-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 1241984 TI - [Studies of coagulation and fibrinolysis in kidney diseases in children 1]. PMID- 1241985 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of kidney tubular epithelium in the human urine]. PMID- 1241986 TI - [Balkan endemic nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241987 TI - Uric acid renal stone with hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria: a preliminary report. PMID- 1241988 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in children -long-term follow up studies]. PMID- 1241989 TI - [Treatment of kidney diseases with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. I. Antiproteinuric effects of indomethacin]. PMID- 1241990 TI - [Membranous nephritis observed in chronic hepatitis with positive HB antigen]. PMID- 1241991 TI - [Cellular immunity and antibody production system in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1241992 TI - [Sodium metabolism in essential hypertension. Renin subgroups and changes of urinary sodium excretion caused by furosemide]. PMID- 1241993 TI - [Clinical studies of nephrotic syndrome from the viewpoint of urinary protein, with special reference to the clinical significance of the small molecular IgG fragment in the urine]. PMID- 1241994 TI - [Immunological studies of pregnancy toxemia, with special reference to cellular immunity]. PMID- 1241995 TI - [Immunopathological studies of kidney diseases in man--correlation between clinical and pathological findings]. PMID- 1241996 TI - [Urinary blood platelets. Preliminary report]. PMID- 1241997 TI - [Serum gastrin and gastric juice secretion in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 1241998 TI - [Knowing in advance the effect of dialysis with a few simple formulae (author's transl)]. PMID- 1241999 TI - [Metabolism of adrenocortical hormone in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 1242000 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome associated with primary hypoplasia of the thymus gland. A case study with special reference to cerebral thrombosis caused by blood hypercoagulation during steroid therapy]. PMID- 1242001 TI - [Cortisol metabolism in paroxysmol disorders of cardiac rhythm]. AB - In 37 patients with paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm cortisol metabolism was studied. Investigations showed an increased excretion of 17-OCS at the time of paroxysmal arrhythmia. It was found to be the highest in patients without any organic lesions of the myocardium and also in cases of microfocal infarctions. The cortisol excretion proved greatest in the hours of vasovagal attacks. The latter were attended by the most pronounced disorders of the cortisol metabolism, particularly significant in patients with ischemic heart disease accompanied by congestive failure of circulation. PMID- 1242002 TI - [Use of tritium oxide for the study of metabolism during development of experimental arteriosclerosis]. AB - Theoretical grounds are presented for some methods (administration of isotope and time of sacrifying the animal, estimation of radioactivity in ther material examined, and mathematical processing of the data obtained) with which radioactive water is used as a universal precursor for the study of the integral rates of metabolism in various organs and biochemical components of the body. An analysis of the dynamics of tritium inclusion into the water of the blood and urine of the control animals and of those with experimentally induced atherosclerosis permitted to establish that the development of hypercholesterinemia is accompanied by a decrase (by 26%) of the rate of autorenuewal of the water phase of the macroorganism, one of its causes consisting in an enhanced hydrophility of the tissues in cases of this pathology. A monthly periodicity was noted in the changes of the tritium concentration in the body waters of rabbits, as well as its correlation with the periodical changes in the concentration of serum cholesterol during the development of experimental atherosclerosis. It is suggested that the water and cholesterol metabolism have a joint centralized regulation in the body which essence consists in maintaining the rhythm of each separate kind of metabolism for its synchronization with the other kinds of metabolism in unfavourable outer and inner situations for the macroorganism. PMID- 1242003 TI - [Experimental laser capsulophacopuncture of the crystalline lens]. PMID- 1242004 TI - The properties of bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers and as receptors of microwave radiation. II. Bird feathers as dielectric receptors of microwave radiation. AB - The characteristics of bird feathers as receptors of microwave fields were investigated in the 10- to 16-GHz region. Experiments were conducted coupling the specimen (feather) to a length of waveguide which served, together with other microwave components, as a primary detector. Microwave power radiation patterns were measured both in the presence and in the absence of the specimen. Results indicated a substantial increase in the microwave power collected in the forward direction and a decrease of the radiation pattern beam width when the feather was present. Fruthermore, some experiemental evidence indicated the possibility of inducing piezoelectric effects in the specimen by audiofrequency pulse-modulated microwave fields. These results are important in view of (i) the fundamental role that feathers play in the life of birds and (ii) the influence of environmental factors on bird behaviour. PMID- 1242005 TI - Contact hypersensitivity to some perfume materials. AB - Some recent publications concerning perfume contact sensitivity are briefly reviewed. Japanese workers have identified some perfume sensitizers and have devised an allergen replacement system. Costus absolute of perfumery has been found to sensitize guinea-pig and man; sesquiterpene lactones are responsible for cross-sensitivity with some other plant products. Balsam of Peru is a useful screen for perfume sensitivity; terpenoids of balsams require study. PMID- 1242006 TI - Merthiolate testing in twins. AB - Positive and negative patch tests to merthiolate occur with the same frequency in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. There is no correlation to strong or weak reactions to primary irritants. Consequently, the positive merthiolate reactions should be considered allergic rather than irritant. PMID- 1242007 TI - Situs inversus totalis associated with subaortic and subpulmonic stenosis. AB - The unusual occurrence of total situs inversus and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with the demonstration of right and left heart dynamic obstruction in one patient is presented. The fact that the patient was known to have a rare abnormality (total situs inversus) and the presenting symptom being angina pectoris, may have obscured the diagnosis of IHSS and emphasized the value of comprehensive evaluation of patients. The documentation of right ventricular dynamic obstruction, in addition to obstruction of the left side of the heart, was facilitated by the use of simultaneous pressure recordings in the pulmonary artery and in the body of the right ventricle. The angina-like pain was secondary to left ventricular outflow obstruction, rather than to coronary disease. PMID- 1242008 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia. AB - A 42-year-old man with mirror-image dextrocardia was found to have idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. The coexistence of these uncommon congenital cardiovascular anomalies was previously reported in only one patient. PMID- 1242010 TI - Left ventricular outflow tract blood velocity in hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 1242009 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis in patients with situs inversus totalis. PMID- 1242011 TI - Impairment of active avoidance in rats with unilateral hypothalamic lesion. AB - Male albino rats with unilateral hypothalamic (ULH) lesion on either the right or left side were trained to acquire active shock avoidance in a two-way shuttle box. With 20 trials in a session per day, either group scored responses below 50% by the 8th day, while intact rats attained the criterion of 80% correct responses by the 5th day. It is concluded that intact lateral hypothalamic areas are essential for successful learning of active shock avoidance. PMID- 1242013 TI - Seasonal variations of sudomotor activities, as evidenced by the frequency of sweat expulsions. PMID- 1242012 TI - [Effects of antineoplastic substances on the energy metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells]. PMID- 1242014 TI - Bladder explosions during transurethral surgery. AB - Gases liberated during transurethral electrosurgery are common to all tissues with hydrogen produced in high concentration. We postulate that the majority of hydrogen is derived from electrolysis of intracellular water. Only with the addition of outside oxygen does the gaseous mixture become potentially explosive. PMID- 1242015 TI - The endocrinology of human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting testicular tumors: new methods in diagnosis. AB - Serum from 59 men with testicular masses was examined for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta. Results indicate: 1) In patients with testicular tumor human chorionic gonadotropin-beta serves as a sensitive and specific marker of tumor activity with an incidence of 28%. 2) Because human chorionic gonadotropin-beta levels correlate with response to therapy this test will be useful in selecting men for adjunctive irradiation or chemotherapy. 3) Radioimmunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin-beta is far more sensitive and specific than conventional methods for detecting human chorionic gonadotropin production. 4) After unilateral orchiectomy for carcinoma of the testis elevated serum luteinizing hormone levels are common and may be unrelated to the presence or activity of residual tumor. 5) Human chorionic gonadotropin-beta-producing tumors were associated with increased estradiol and testosterone levels and significantly depressed serum follicle stimulating hormone levels in this series. 6) The prognostic implications of the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta are not yet fully understood. The importance of this study is the fact that men with testicular tumors have a high incidence of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta secretion and this fact provides the physician with a powerful new tool for examining the various aspects of tumor activity. It also shows the feasibility for prospective screening of patients with a wide variety of neoplasms of differing histologic types. PMID- 1242017 TI - [Phimosis of the clitoris]. PMID- 1242016 TI - Eye injury during transurethral surgery. AB - An injury to a surgeon's cornea, which resulted in permanent damage, is reported. The accident could have been prevented if there had been no exposed metal in the telescope eyepiece and if the surgeon had been wearing glasses. Any telescope with exposed metal in the center of the eyepiece should be returned to the manufacturer for replacement with a more protective and insulated type of eyepiece. PMID- 1242018 TI - Septum-lesioned rats in pharmacological investigations: a re-evaluation. AB - An objective and quantitative method has been developed for measuring the hyper reactivity of septum-lesioned rats. Twenty drugs belonging to various classes have been investigated as to their influence on this hyper-reactivity. Seventeen compounds inhibited septal hyperreactivity. One drug (methylphenidate) augmented it, while metamphetamine and physostigmine were ineffective. It has been concluded that the use of septal rats in pharmacological investigations does not fulfil expectations. The model cannot differentiate between depressants of various kinds, antidepressants, narcotics or central cholinolytics any more than do the much more simple procedures routinely used in pharmacological laboratories. PMID- 1242019 TI - [Aphthous fever: current status and prevention]. PMID- 1242020 TI - [Triiodothyronine]. PMID- 1242021 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (13) Gastrointestinal hormones]. PMID- 1242022 TI - [Calcitonin]. PMID- 1242023 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (14) Loading tests in pediatric]. PMID- 1242024 TI - [Parathyroid hormone]. PMID- 1242025 TI - [Insulin]. PMID- 1242026 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (2) Prolactin secretory function test by using various chemical agents]. PMID- 1242028 TI - [Gastrin]. PMID- 1242027 TI - [Glucagon]. PMID- 1242029 TI - [Secretin]. PMID- 1242030 TI - [Pancreozymin-cholecystokinin]. PMID- 1242031 TI - [Somatostatin]. PMID- 1242032 TI - [Angiotensin]. PMID- 1242033 TI - [Prostaglandin]. PMID- 1242034 TI - [Catecholamine]. PMID- 1242035 TI - [HPL (HCS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242036 TI - [HCG (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242037 TI - [Estrogen]. PMID- 1242039 TI - [Gestagen]. PMID- 1242038 TI - [Androgen]. PMID- 1242040 TI - [Glucocorticoid]. PMID- 1242041 TI - [Aldosterone]. PMID- 1242043 TI - [Growth hormone]. PMID- 1242042 TI - [Anabolic steroids]. PMID- 1242044 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (3) LH.FSH-stimulation and suppression tests]. PMID- 1242045 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (1) Growth hormone (GH)]. PMID- 1242046 TI - [Prolactin]. PMID- 1242047 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (5) TSH and thyroid hormones]. PMID- 1242048 TI - [MSH (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242049 TI - [TSH (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242050 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (6) ADH]. PMID- 1242051 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (7) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin]. PMID- 1242052 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (8) Mineralocorticoids]. PMID- 1242053 TI - [FSH (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242054 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (a) Catecholamines - pheochromocytoma and functions of the sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla]. PMID- 1242055 TI - [Vasopressin]. PMID- 1242057 TI - [Oxytocin]. PMID- 1242056 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (10) Androgens-stimulation and suppression tests]. PMID- 1242058 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (11) Estrogens]. PMID- 1242059 TI - [Thyroxine]. PMID- 1242060 TI - [Endocrine loading tests. (12) Insulin and glucagon-pancreatic endocrine loading tests]. PMID- 1242061 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Laboratory and clinical analysis]. PMID- 1242062 TI - [Ostium primum atrial septal defect (presentation of 45 surgical cases)]. PMID- 1242063 TI - [Injuries of the urinary tract in multiple injuries]. PMID- 1242064 TI - The homebound aged: a medically unreached group. PMID- 1242065 TI - Drug abuse, law abuse, and the eighth amendment: New York's 1973 drug legislation and the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. PMID- 1242066 TI - Parental consent requirements and privacy rights of minors: the contraceptive controversy. PMID- 1242067 TI - Aid to families with unborn dependent children: may the states withhold benefits? PMID- 1242068 TI - Globin synthesis in fibroblasts fused with erythroblasts. II. Human fibroblasts. AB - Fusion of human (diploid) fibroblast monolayers with erythroblasts from 3-day chick embryos resulted in cultures containing on the average 14% heterokaryons and 8% fibroblast homokaryons. When these heterokaryon-containing cultures were labeled with radioactive amino acids during the first 24 h after fusion, the proportion of labeled proteins found in the globin region of analytical polyacrylamide gels showed a 40-fold increase compared with fibroblast homokaryons (0.08% vs. 4% of protein synthesized). Incorporation of radioactivity into globin decreased sharply during the second 24 h. Purified 35S-methionine labeled globin from heterokaryon cultures gave rise to a tryptic fingerprint containing peptides characteristic of chick embryonic globins as late as 4 days after fusion. While fibroblasts in the fusion culture continue to go through the cell cycle normally, heterokaryons stop cycling almost completely soon after fusion. PMID- 1242069 TI - Production of mammalian somatic cell hybrids by means of polyethylene glycol treatment. AB - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is known to promote fusion of plant protoplasts. Various adaptations of this treatment to mammalian, including human, cell cultures are reported here. PEG is very effective in producing hybrids capable of indefinite multiplication even in cases, such as early passage human skin fibroblasts and lymphocytes, known to be highly recalcitrant to other treatments. PMID- 1242070 TI - Feminist psychotherapy. PMID- 1242071 TI - Measuring cancer hazards: it takes a mouse to catch a rat. PMID- 1242072 TI - Human intelligence: sex differences. AB - An extensive review of the literatureon sex differences in human intelligence leads to the conclusion that there is stron evidence for sex differences in processing both verbal and spatial information. The few genetic studies that there are all point toward a sex-link mode of inheritance of certain spatial abilities. PMID- 1242073 TI - School achievement, intelligence, and personality in twins. AB - A sample of 47 MZ and 49 DZ pairs of Brazilian twins was investigated in relation to school achievement in six specific areas of study, as well as performance in the test of Dominoes, the Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) and Grieger's Characterological Qur the school grades obtained in five of the six areas considered, as well as for their general average; the same being true for the results on the indicated measure of general intelligence, six of the eight DAT tests, and two of the characterological elements. There is a clear positive relationship between the grades earned by the twins and their performance in the Dominoes test. Achievement in Portuguese and foreign language correlates positively with DAT's Numerical Ability, Abstract Reasoning, and Clerical Speed and Accuracy. The results show an agreement with previous estimates of the genetic determination of these variables, which is to a certain extenet surprising if we consider the differences in sample sizes, age, and degree of schooling of the subjects, environmental differences, and the dissimilarities which exist between the homes and school systems of USA, Europe, and Brazil. PMID- 1242074 TI - A contribution to the psychological study of interpersonal relations in twins. AB - A sample of 71 pairs (32 MZ, 39 DZ), of mean age 9.7 years, has been studied through various techniques in order to better understanding the interpersonal relation of twins, both within the pair and with repect to the members of the family group, and especially the mother. Zygosity, dominance, and birth order have been taken into account. The relation between MZ twins appears to be somehow less special than believed, whereas a special triadic relation appears to exist with the mother. A differentiated research of identity in MZs and autonomy in DZs is also noted (which contributes to a better understanding of problems of schizophrenia in twins). Finally, the relation between MZ cotwins shows mutual similarity and attachment to be lower than foreseen and, anyhow, of a far from mysterious nature. PMID- 1242075 TI - [Possible role of the cytoplasm in the course of morphogenesis, namely, in the case of twinning]. AB - A number of facts that cannot be interpreted in terms of nuclear genes would seem to be interpretable in terms of cytoplasmic heredity. The hereditary role of the mitochondria has already been demonstrated in molds. The role of the cytoplasm (matrilineal heredity) has also been shown in some phanerogams, and analogous facts have been noted in insects and molluscs. In amphibians, the influence of an alteration of the egg cortical cytoplasm has been shown to reappear in the following generations. This cortical cytoplasm includes the morphological plan of the organism with its bilateral symmetry. In Tatusia novemcincta the twins may be morphologically or chemically different, which may only be explained by an unequal subdivision of a heterogenic cytoplasm. Similar facts are observed in human twinning. Monozygotic twins are usually discordant with respect to congenital malformations (especially symmelia and anencephaly), which may only be interpreted in terms of unequal distribution of cytoplasmic properties. PMID- 1242076 TI - Correlation matrices for palmar dermatoglyphic traits in twins. AB - Intraclass correlation values have been studied in a sample of 50 MZ and 50 DZ twins with respect to fourteen palmar dermatoglyphic metric traits in binary combinations. The results confirm the general trends already shown in singleton studies. The shape of the palmar surface does not appear to be significantly correlated with other metric traits. Generally speaking, a large independence has been found between the various traits. PMID- 1242077 TI - Inclination of longitudinal axis of palmarprint with intertriradial distance a-d, PMPC, and DWC. AB - The wide fluctuations of the three angular measurements, a-d, PMPC, and DWC with longitudinal axis make palmar projective breadth (PB) the ideal standard axis for any work involving the quantitative estimates of longitudinal and transverse trends of palmar triadii. PMID- 1242078 TI - Twinning in India. AB - The incidence of twinning in India, as estimated on the basis of data from the various types of maternity centers, so as to include both urban and rural population, appears to be 15.97 per thousand (12.6 DZ, 3.3 MZ). The incidence is significantly higher in rural than urban populations (18.1 vs. 11.8 per thousand). It is suggested that this may be accompanied with a higher production of DZ, possibly opposite-sexed twins. PMID- 1242079 TI - Determination of triplet zygosity with the use of serological and anthropological characters. AB - This paper discusses briefly some problems involved in zygosity determination in triplets, such as the calculations of the probability of the three zygosity types, as well as the use of serological and other anthropological characters. PMID- 1242080 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of mature Cyprinus carpio erythrocytes. PMID- 1242081 TI - [Canine leptospirosis in the state of Sao Paulo (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper the occurrence of leptospirosis was studied by the search of agglutininis antileptospira, in 10 dogs with symptoms of the disease. Another group of 22 animals with hepatic or renal insufficiency was also studied for the correlation between both insufficiency and leptospirosis. Finally, a third group of 40 dogs, clinically normal, was also included in this study. In 60% of suspected cases the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of specific agglutinins to serotypes icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, grippotyphosa and bataviae. Among animals with renal or hepatic insufficiency it was found 36.3% of reagents while in the normal group the rate was only 7.5%. The serotype butembo was detected serologically in dogs for the first time in Brazil. PMID- 1242083 TI - Antimicrobial activity of some halogeno-flavones and flavanones. PMID- 1242082 TI - Purification and characterization of rabbit testicular androgen binding protein (ABP). AB - Testicular androgen binding protein (ABP) was purified from the epididymis of 1500 adult rabbits by the sequential use of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, hydroxyl-apatite chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This procedure yielded a 1000-fold increase in specific activity compared to that of the 1500,000 x g supernatant, and the recovery of active ABP was about 3-5%. ABP is acid glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 65-68,000 daltons. Antisera to rabbit ABP raised in quinea pigs inhibit 3H-DHT binding to ABP as measured by SS-PAGE. When diluted rabbit serum containing TeBG is treated with the same dilutions of these antisera, identical binding inhibition curves are found. Thus, ABP and TeBG in rabbits appear to possess identical immunological determinants. PMID- 1242084 TI - Nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of carboxypeptidase B. Binding of inhibitors to the manganese enzyme. AB - Longitudinal and transverse proton relaxation rates of water in solutions of porcine manganese carboxypeptidase B have been measured in the presence of various competitive inhibitors by pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The inhibition constant of Mn-carboxypeptidase activity by L argininic acid and acetyl-L-arginine was in agreement with the equilibrium constant obtained by the NMR method, indicating similar and specific binding of the inhibitors to the active site of the manganese enzyme. Titration of the water boound to the metal ion revealed the presence of one water molecular which could be displaced from the sphere of the managenese ion by various inhibitors. The structural features of the inhibitors required for this displacement as well as the mode of interaction is described. PMID- 1242085 TI - Kinetics of binding of bovine trypsin-killikrein inhibitor (K unitz) in which the reactive-site peptide bond Lys-15--Ala-16 is cleaved, to alpha-chymotrypsin and beta-trypsin. AB - Equilibrium measurements of the binding of reactive-site-cleaved (modified) bovine trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor (Kunitz) to alpha-chymotrypsin and beta trypsin show a stoichiometric 1:1 association with high binding constants. At least in the case of chymotrypsin much evidence is presented that the reaction with modified inhibitor leads to the same complex as the reaction with virgin inhibitor does. The association rate constant of modified inhibitor with chymotrypsin at pH 7, 22.5 degrees C is 15.8 M-1 S-1. This is about 2 x 10(4) times slower than the binding of virgin inhibitor to that enzyme. In the analogous reaction of modified inhibitor with beta-trypsin, however, the association rate constant (1.2 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 at pH 6.9, 22.5 degrees C) is of about the same order of magnitude as it is in the reaction of virgin inhibitor and trypsin. These and analogous phenomena observed in the reactions of virgin and modified soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) with alpha-chymotrypsin and beta trypsin suggest that the specificity of both inhibitors to trypsin is strongly reflected in the association rate constants of the modified forms. The dissociation rate constants of the complexes of trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor with chymotrypsin or with trypsin towards the modified inhibitor are estimated to be unmeasurably slow (half-life times of 45 or 1.5 x 10(4) years, respectively). PMID- 1242086 TI - The effect of cleaving the reactive-site peptide bond Lys-15--Ala-16 on the conformation of bovine trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor (K unitz) as revealed by solvent-perturbation spectra, circular dichroism and fluorescence. AB - Spectroscopic measurements of virgin bovine trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor and its modified species (in which the reactive-site peptide bond Lys-15--Ala-16 is split) indicate a conformational difference between both proteins. The inhibitor contains four tyrosines but no tryptophan. In the modified inhibitor a tyrosyl blue shift is seen in the difference absorption spectrum of modified against virgin inhibitor. The solvent perturbation spectra show an increase of the fraction of exposed tyrosyls from 0.45 in the virgin inhibitor to 0.59 in the modified form. Comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of the modified and virgin inhibitors reveals a decrease of the mean residue ellipticity in the tyrosine and peptide bond region of the modified inhibitor. In the fluorescence spectra a 50% increase in the quantum yield of the tyrosine fluorescence is observed in the modified inhibitor. All these spectroscopic data support the idea, which is also evidenced by the X-ray crystallographic model, that in the modified inhibitor up to five residues from Ala-16 to Arg-20 gain rotational freedom. PMID- 1242087 TI - [Multiple gastrointestinal familial poliposis (Peutz-Jerghers syndrome). Report of a clinical case]. AB - The authors review a single case history of intestinal polyposis (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) of a patient followed by them for eleven years. The paper includes a review of the pertinent literature. The present case was diagnosed as a result of the clinical observation of pigmented spots in the oral mucosa and crises of spasmodic abdominal pain accompanied by bowel movements containing mucus and blood. In other members of the family only a younger sister had slightly pigmented spots in the oral mucosa. None had radiologic findings suggestive of the syndrome of Peutz-Jeghers. Recently the patient under study suffered an intestinal intussuception which led to the surgical resection of a segment of small intestine and permitted pathologic confirmation of the diagnosis. Surgical resection of nodules in both breasts resulted in diagnoses of sclerosing adenosis in the left and an epidermoid cyst in the right. PMID- 1242088 TI - The effect of oestrogen and progesterone on maternal behaviour in rats. AB - Treatment or implantation of oestrone, oestradiol or progesterone on the third day postpartum into the ventromedial-arcuate region of the hypothalamus produced a complex pattern of changes in established maternal behaviour in rats. Progesterone implanted into the ventromedial-arcuate region of the hypothalamus increased the time spent nursing. In contrast, it was shortened by oestradiol given subcutaneously or implanted hypothalamically or extrahypothalamically, or by oestrone implanted into the hypothalamus. Oestradiol by an route used oestrone implanted into the hypothalamus caused marked reduction of pup weight and retrieval frequency. Progesterone had no such effect. Maternal care involving retrieval, sniffing, licking and nursing, expressed in seconds care, declined after hypothalamic and systemic oestradiol treatment. However, oestrone implanted into the hypothalamus increased seconds of care on days 9 and 10. Progesterone did not affect this function. PMID- 1242090 TI - [Course of post-extraction wounds in a case of Werlhof's disease]. PMID- 1242089 TI - [Evaluation of the antibody anti-insulin titer using Christiansen's radioimmunoelectrophoresis in clinical diabetology]. AB - On the basis of personal experience concerning 2020 consecutive determinations, the radioimmunoelectrophoretic method of Christiansen for 125I-Insulin-Binding to IgG (= IB, significant limits = mU/ml) has been proved as a reliable tool for the evaluation of insulin antibody titer in clinical diabetology. After a critical review of the recent literature about insulin antibodies both without and after exogenous immunization, the following results are presented and discussed. 1) - In 163 diabetic subjects, never previously treated with insulin, the mean value of IB was X = 0,008 mUml (sigma = 0,023 . Sx = 0,002). 2) - In 221 longterm insulin-treated diabetics the mean value of IB was X = 1,50 mU/ml (sigma = 2,15 . Sx = 0,145). 3) -In 46 insulin-dependent diabetics, serial determinations of IB allowed to follow the insulin antibody production during a 5 years treatment with monocomponent insulin )Lente MC). No or slight antibody formation was observed in newly diagnosed patients, never previously treated with insulin. High antibody starting levels showed tendency to a gradual reduction, after switching from conventional insulin treatment to the monocomponent one. These modifications in the IB values have been studied in correlation with the clinical course of conditions possibly referred to an immunologic pathogenesis, such as: brittle diabetes, high insulin requirement, insulin allergy, insulin lipoatrophy, diabetic microangiopathy. No significant variations in IB values were observed after viral infections. PMID- 1242091 TI - [Case of monstrosity associated with unusual multiple congenital abnormalities]. PMID- 1242092 TI - [Spontaneous delivery and bone lesions of the pelvis]. PMID- 1242093 TI - [Advances and perspectives of gynecology]. PMID- 1242094 TI - The tuberculous bladder. PMID- 1242095 TI - Microthrombocytosis and platelet fragmentation associated with idiopathic/autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Platelet volume distribution curves were obtained in 20 control subjects and in 21 patients with idiopathic/autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. A striking increase in microthrombocytes as well as megathrombocytes was noted in 86% of patients on one or more occasions, particularly in the prsence of severe thrombocytopenia. The entire spectrum of platelet volume distribution curves noted in patients could be reproduced experimentally in rabbits following intravenous injection of anti-platelet antibody. Differential centrifugation studies with control subjects revealed that microthrombocytes were light platelets and megathrombocytes were heavy platelets. Electron microscopy in patients with thrombocytopenia revealed that microthrombocytes were composed of intact small platelets as well as platelet fragments. It is concluded that severe peripheral destruction of platelets is associated with an increase in microthrombocytes as well as megathrombocytes. PMID- 1242096 TI - Aspects of stress in man and animals. PMID- 1242097 TI - Relation between changes in plasma calcium in first week of life and renal function. AB - (1) Of 71 infants fed on reconstituted dried or evaporated cow's milk, 31 showed a fall in plasma calcium between the 1st and 6th days of life, whereas in 35 breast-fed infants this occurred in only 5. (2) Those artificially-fed infants who had shown a rise in plasma calcium over this period had significantly lower plasma creatinine values and significantly higher excretion of creatinine than those infants who showed a fall in calcium levels. (3) Artificially-fed infants who had shown a rise in calcium had significantly lower plasma osmolality and significantly higher osmolar excretion in the urine than those infants who showed a fall in plasma calcium. (4) It is suggested that a delay in the normal increase in glomerular filtration rate during the first week of life in some infants leads to phosphate retention. This, together with a higher dietary intake of phosphate, leads to a decrease of the plasma calcium to hypocalcaemic levels. PMID- 1242099 TI - [New development in antibiotic therapy in pediatrics]. PMID- 1242098 TI - Neonatal gastric hyperacidity: further analysis of oxytocin effect. PMID- 1242100 TI - Nucleotide-nucleoside pool in leukocytes of cattle with chronic lymphatic leukemia. PMID- 1242101 TI - [Endoscopy of the gastric remnant]. PMID- 1242102 TI - [Postgastrectomy small intestine adhesions]. PMID- 1242103 TI - [Medical models in psychiatry]. PMID- 1242104 TI - [Psychiatric genetics. Classical and current concepts]. PMID- 1242105 TI - [Sodium, potassium and chlorine contents of some commercial milks and estimation of renal fluid load]. PMID- 1242107 TI - Bilayers of dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine. Conformational differences between the fatty acyl chains. AB - Dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine is specifically deuterated at the C-2 position of the fatty acyl chains. Using deuterium magnetic resonance it is then possible to probe the chain conformation in the vicinity of the polar head groups. Three separate quadrupole splittings are observed for bilayers of 1,2[2' 2H2]palmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine, indicating that the two chains behave differently. The synthesis of phosphatidylcholines each deuterated in only one chain allows the assignment of the three resonances. It is concluded that the beginnings of the two chains have orientations parallel and perpendicular to the bilayer normal. The data further suggest the possibility of two long-lived conformations of the glycerol constituent. PMID- 1242106 TI - Stimualtion of glycerolphosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity in fetal rabbit lung by cortisol administration. AB - Phosphatidylglycerol is an important component of pulmonary surfactant. Previous studies have shown that direct administration of corticosteroids of thyroxine to the fetus during the latter part of gestation results in accelerated lung maturation with increased surfactant production. We have shown that administration of cortisol to fetal rabbits at 24 days' gestation results 3 days later in a significant increase in the activity of pulmonary glycerolphosphate phosphatidyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol. The activity of the liver enzyme was not affected. Choline phosphotransferase, CDPdiglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase and lysolecithin acyltransferase activities were not altered significantly by cortisol treatment. Thyroxine treatment had no effect on any of the enzymes of phospholipid or fatty acid biosynthesis studied. PMID- 1242108 TI - Differential scanning calorimetry and 31P NMR studies on sonicated and unsonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes. AB - 1. Phase transitions in sonicated (vesicles) and unsonicated liposomes composed of various synthetic phosphatidylcholines are monitored using differential scanning calorimetry and 31P NMR. 2. The temperature (Tc), heat content and width of the phase transition are comparable in both vesicles and liposomes prepared from 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and 1,2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. In vesicles composed of a (1 : 1) mixture of 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and 1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine phase separation occurs as in the bilayers of the unsonicated liposomes. 3. The linewidth of the 31P resonances in vesicles is not greatly dependent upon the fatty acid composition when the lipids are in the disordered liquid crystalline state (above Tc). When the lipids are in the gel state (below Tc), however, there is a marked increase in linewidth, demonstrating a reduction in motion of the phosphate group. 4. The ratio of the amounts of phosphatidylcholine present in the outside and inside monolayter of the vesicle membrane was determined with 31P NMR using Nd3+ as a non-permeating shift reagent. 5. The outside/inside ratio is dependent upon the hydrocarbon chain length. Increasing chain length gives a lower outside/inside ratio and a larger vesicle. Introduction of cis or trans double bonds in the chain influences the outside/inside ratio slightly. 6. The incorporation of cholesterol decreases the outside/inside ratio and increases the size of 1,2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The cholesterol concentration in the outside and inside monolayer is approximately the same. The size of the 1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles is also increased by cholesterol incorporation but the outside/inside distribution is also increased, especially between 30 and 50 mol% cholesterol. In these vesicles cholesterol is asymmetrically distributed and strongly prefers the inside monolayer of the vesicle. PMID- 1242109 TI - Lymphosarcoma of the breast. AB - A case of lymphosarcoma presenting as a breast tumour in a 68-year-old woman is described and the condition briefly reviewed. PMID- 1242110 TI - Medical aspects of north sea oil. PMID- 1242111 TI - A 31P NMR study of the thermal transition of dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles. AB - Phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) was used to study the liquid crystalline transition of sonicated dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles in D2O. Linewidths were dependent upon temperature and changed dramatically through the transition region. The potential usefulness of 31P NMR spectroscopy for probing the thermal behavior of phospholipid membranes is evaluated and discussed. PMID- 1242112 TI - Solvation of oxygen in lecithin bilayers. AB - The solubility of oxygen in dipalmitoyllecithin (DPL) and paraffinc C19 has been investigated by measurement of the enhanced proton relaxation rates under the influence of oxygen pressure. The paraffin shows a noticeable effect in the rotator phase, but not so in the crystalline phase. tin contrast to paraffins, both phases of DPL-bilayers dissolve oxygen, but the solubility in the liquid crystalline phase is greater than in the crystalline state by a factor approximately equal to 3. Furthermore, the experiments indicate a distribution of electron relaxation times in the crystalline phase in contrast to the liquid crystalline phase. A possible explanation of this behaviour is a multiphase structure of the "crystalline' lamellae. The biological relevance of thbse results could be a triggering of the gas-transport by the alveolar lining of lungs, if cyclic phase transitions occur during the breathing-cycle. PMID- 1242113 TI - [A case of sarcoidosis in Cameroonian]. PMID- 1242115 TI - [Ichtyotoxism in the Seychelles Islands]. PMID- 1242114 TI - [Ciguatera: neurophysiological demonstration of toxicity of several ciquatoxic fractions]. AB - Raw extracts from one Polynesian, frequently ciguatera-inducing fish were submitted to fractional distillation by means of a chromatographic process using a silicic acid column. Three out of the seven fractions split this way exhibited either anticholinesterasic properties, or directly toxic properties at the muscle cell level: fraction 5, which is not antagonized by atropine, presumably accounts for this direct action, as it competes with calcium at membrane sites. Fraction 6 appears to be more specially responsible for the anticholinesterasic action. It revealed a quaternary ammonium ion in its 6-2 sub-fraction. Fraction 7 shows the same properties as fraction 6, but on a smaller scale. PMID- 1242116 TI - [Study of an epidemic of influenza in Tananarive (with isolation of the A/Port Chalmers/73) virus (June-October 1974)]. PMID- 1242117 TI - [Incidence and seasonal variations of bovine cerebral listeriosis observed in France during a survey on rabies]. PMID- 1242118 TI - [Lymph node localization of mycoses]. PMID- 1242119 TI - Morphological conversion of 13 strains of three dimorphic fungi in tap and stream water. AB - Various strains of Sporotrichum schenckii, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis show partial to complete (ca 70%) conversion to yeast when the mycelial culture is grown on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 25degreesC and palced in tap or stream water at 37degreesC. Conversion (ca 70%) to mycelial phase occurs when the yeast culture is grown on brain heart infusion agar at 37degreesC and then placed in tap or stream water at 25degreesC. It was observed that, with the dimorphic organisms and strains tested, enriched medium is not necessary for partial conversion to either phase because it occurs in tap and stream water. The change in morphology is assumed to be principally due to temperauture change, as reported for Blastomyces dermatitidis and H. capsulatum by other workers. PMID- 1242120 TI - [Favus circinatus of so-called glabrous skin]. PMID- 1242121 TI - [Preparation of a standardized antigenic extract from several strains of African trypansomes]. AB - The preparation of a soluble antigen from african trypanosomes is described below. It is important to observe the following steps: --minimal dose of the phytohemagglutinin must be placed in rapid contact with the trypanosomes; --the standard speed of the different centrifugations must be strictly observed; --a thorough washing of the trypanosomes must be carried out to eliminate the hetero antigens, but caution should be excercised, as over washing is harmful to the Trypanosomes. PMID- 1242123 TI - [Annotated list of siphonaptera from Morocco]. PMID- 1242122 TI - [Do the eosinophilic granulomas observed in Brittany represent a form of anisakiasis? The larvae of Thynnascaris aduncum do not produce these granulomas experimentally]. AB - To explain the enigmatical origin of gastric eosinophilic granulomas prevailing among patients in Brittany (France), we have tried to experiment with the larvae of Thynnascaris (Thynnascaris aduncum (Rud.)), a Nematode found in the sardine (Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum)), a fish sometimes eaten raw in our country. In a preliminary experiment, larvae of Thynnascaris were observed to penetrate the mucosa of the rabbit stomach in vitro at room temperature. But in vivo, whatever the means, the ways and the experimented mammals of our study, we have failed to experimentally reproduce such tumours. We think that this result belongs to the fact that the larvae of Thynnascaris in the conditions of our experimentation could not perform an evolution in homeothermal animals. PMID- 1242124 TI - Resistance of Culex pipiens pipiens to DDT in Northern Iran, 1973. PMID- 1242125 TI - Mallophaga of Iran. II. 5 new records of Mallophaga from Iran. PMID- 1242126 TI - [Drepanocytosis and mountain sports]. PMID- 1242127 TI - Anemia, shortness of breath and asthma in an infant. PMID- 1242128 TI - Effects of CB-154 (2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine) on prolactin and growth hormone release in an acromegalic patient with galactorrhea. AB - An acromegalic patient with galactorrhea was treated with an ergot alkaloid, 2-Br alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154). Serum prolactin decreased rapidly to normal level by CB-154 and the complete cessation of galactorrhea was noted. The inhibitory effect of CB-154 On growth hormone (GH) release was also noted, but slight. The mechanism of inhibitory action of CB-154 on both prolactin and GH secretion was discussed in connection with the experimental model of pituitary tumors, in which both hormones were produced by a single type of tumor cells. The discontinuation of CB-154 treatment was associated with the return of both prolactin and GH levels to the initial high values with resumption of galactorrhea. PMID- 1242129 TI - [Case of Graves-Basedow disease in a woman with a hot thyroid nodule and anaplasia of the contralateral lobe]. PMID- 1242130 TI - Additives in fibers and fabrics. AB - The additives and contaminants which occur in textile fibers vary widely, depending on the type of fiber and the pretreatment which it has received. Synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester contain trace amounts of contaminants such as catalysts and catalyst deactivators which remain after the synthesis of the basic polymers. In addition, there are frequently a number of materials which are added to perform specific functions in almost all man-made fibers. Examples of these would include traces of metals or metal salts used as tracers for identification of specific lots of fiber, TiO2 or similar materials added as delustrants, and a host of organic species added for such special purposes as antistatic agents or flame retardants. There may also be considerable quantities of residual monomer or small oligomers dissolved in the polymer matrix. The situation becomes even more complex after the fibers are converted into fabric form. Numerous materials are applied at various stages of fabric preparation to act as lubricants, sizing agents, antistats, bleaches, and wetting agents to facilitate the processing, but these are normally removed before the fabric reaches the cutters of the ultimate consumers and therefore usually do not constitute potential hazards. However, there are many other chemical agents which are frequently added during the later stages of fabric preparation and which are not designed to be removed. Aside from dyes and printing pigments, the most common additive for apparel fabrics is a durable press treatment. This generally involves the use of materials capable of crosslinking cellulosics by reacting through such functions as N-methylolated amides or related compounds such as ureas and carbamates. These materials pose some potential hazards due to both the nitrogenous bases and the formaldehyde which they usually release. There is usually also some residual catalyst in fabrics which have received such treatments. Other types of chemical treatments which are often applied to fabrics to achieve special effects include flame retardants, soil release agents, antistatic agents, softeners, water and/or oil repellents, ultraviolet absorbers, bacteriostats, and fungistats. PMID- 1242131 TI - Plasma level studies on different brands of sodium diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and primidone. AB - Comparative plasma level studies on different brands of sodium diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and primidone are described. Steady state plasma levels of both drugs were measured in epileptic patients who were chronically maintained on this medication. Simultaneous measurements of phenobarbital, primidone and diphenylhydantoin were carried out by gas chromatography. Drug product equivalence and clinical significance of plasma levels of DPH and primidone are discussed. PMID- 1242132 TI - Studies on the intrathecal pharmacotherapy. Part I: CDP-choline. AB - A study was made of the intrathecal infusion as a route of administration of drugs for the CNS, by giving due consideration to the presence of blood-brain and CSF-brain barriers. CDP-choline was used as the brain activator, and the effect of the drug intrathecally infused was investigated both clinically and by experiments on animals. Seven patients with a disturbance of consciousness due to primary brain lesion received a total of 19 intrathecal infusions of CDP-choline, and were examined for the effect of the treatment neurologically and electroencephalographically. Wistar rats were infused either intravascularly or intracisternally with 14C-CDP-choline, and the distribution in the body was investigated by whole body autoradiography. PMID- 1242133 TI - [Late results in nonoperated patients with suspected meniscus lesion]. PMID- 1242134 TI - [Problems of late sequelae following meniscectomy]. PMID- 1242135 TI - [Gastric lesions caused by potassium permanganate tablets. Measures to be taken after ingestion]. AB - Potassium permanganate tablets are caustic and it has been suggested that they should be removed straightaway by gastrostomy, immediately after swallowing. Some operators have been impressed by the macroscopic appearance of the stomach and have carried out gastrectomy. However, the lesions were only fairly superficial on pathological examination. In the light of a new case and 21 similar cases, treated at the Fernand Widal hospital, the authors discuss other cases in the literature. They conclude: the extreme rareness of digestive perforation; the absence of toxicity of breakdown products of potassium permanganate. They propose treatment of neutralisation of the permanganate with sodium hyposulphite, gastric lavage and supervision on a surgical unit. In case of perforation, they believe that the operation should be conservative. PMID- 1242136 TI - A sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay for human thyroid-stimulating hormone. AB - A high-sensitivity radioimmunoassay for human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) has been developed utilizing a highly specific rabbit antibody (developed by AFP) to hTSH with an affinity constant of 4.4 x 10(11) M-1. Optimal conditions which minimized both 125I-hTSH radiation damage and 125I dissociation included storage at -60 C in 0.25% albumin. Repetitive freezing and thawing did not cause loss of structural integrity or of full immunochemical reactivity of 125I-hTSH. Effects of human and calf sera on the precipitation of first antibody-bound 125I-hTSH by second antibody have been tabulated; the addition of TSH-free human serum to the standard curve is necessary to compensate for the serum effect. The minimum detectable amount of TSH in the new assay at a 1:1,000,000 final dilution of the hTSH antibody is 0.02 muU/tube. The mean normal hTSH value of 1.5 +/- 1.0 muU/ml (mean +/- SD) fell within the central one-third of the logit (B/Bo) plot where antigen concentrations are measured with highest precision. This assay gives good precision and reproducibility of measurements throughout the normal range of serum TSH concentrations. PMID- 1242137 TI - The dietary status of "new" vegetarians. AB - A study of fifty well educated young adults, average age twenty-eight years, living in a metropolitan area of New England, who were followers of Zen macrobiotics, revealed that none was below his/her desirable weight although all were at the limit of the normal range. Average triceps skinfold thickness of the men and women fell in the 15th percentile, while arm circumference for members of both sexes was in the 5th percentile (24). Their ten-day dietary records indicated that the base of their diet was grains interspersed with a wide variety of vegetables, fish, cheese, and eggs and that nutrient intakes of the adults were limiting in energy, calcium, and riboflavin--and additionally in iron for the women. Improvement in the nutritional value could be achieved by greater consumption of foods common to macrobiotic dietary practices. Calcium and energy intakes of ten young children were low, especially for a period of rapid growth and development. Because of the bulk necessary to achieve nutritional adequacy with respect to calcium, increasing the children's consumption of macrobiotic food would not be advisable. Consequently, it is suggested that milk be included in their diets. PMID- 1242139 TI - Gastrointestinal lymphosarcoma. PMID- 1242138 TI - Study on relationship between oil, protein, and gossypol in cottonseed kernels. PMID- 1242140 TI - Neuropathologic effects of intrathecal water. AB - In attempting to control the pain of disseminated carcinoma, a variety of agents has been injected intrathecally. This report deals with the neuropathologic changes in spinal roots and spinal cord of four patients into whose lumbar sacs 100 to 285 ml of distilled water was infused. Survival following the procedure ranged from 9 to 50 days. In most severely affected case (285 ml instilled 50 days prior to death) the abnormalities were: (1) severe breakdown of axons and myelin sheaths of the lower cauda equina and to a lesser extent of other roots at levels as high as the eighth cervical segment, (2) severe central chromatolysis of anterior horn cells in lumbo-sacral spinal cord with milder degrees of change in the thoracic and lower cervical spinal cord, and (3) striking vacuolar change and axonal swelling, primarily in the lateral columns ascending as high as the lower cervical spinal cord. A second case (140 ml instilled 24 days prior to death) showed similar but milder changes. The remaining cases (100 ml instilled 34 days prior to death: 100 and 200 ml instilled 27 and 9 days prior to death) showed no changes referable to intrathecal water. Infusion of distilled water intrathecally is capable of producing distinctive lesions of spinal root and cord. PMID- 1242141 TI - Bone mineral content determined by functional imaging. AB - Quantitation of bone mineral by photon absorptiometry is a simple and accurate method for determining changes in bone volume and mineral content in serial studies. An extension of the scintillation camera method for studying such changes in the calcaneous is described. This technique is applicable to large areas of bone, thereby minimizing the effect of repositioning errors. Using a 40 mCi 241Am sheet source, a 2.1% reproducibility in bone phantoms and a 2.4% reproducibility in normal patients was achieved. Several case studies are presented to illustrate sensitivity and clinical application of the method. Although bone mineral determinations are now performed in a limited number of health care facilities, the scintillation camera method described in this report could increase the availability of these determinations significantly. PMID- 1242142 TI - The effect of intestinal distension and of section thickness on counts of epithelial nuclei in the rat small intestine. AB - (1) A method is described for counting nuclei in wax-embedded histological sections of epithelium. The counts are independent of section thickness over a wide range (4-10 mum). (2) counts of nuclei were made in villi and crypts of rat small intestine fixed either collapsed or distended by a hydrostatic pressure equivalent to 350 mm of water. There was no significant difference between the counts of nuclei in collapsed or distended gut. (3) Distension reduced the absolute height of villi, and increased their absolute width at the base. (4) The implications of these findings for studies of the morphological basis of intestinal adaptation are discussed. PMID- 1242143 TI - Letter: Megavitamin therapy. PMID- 1242144 TI - Letter: Mercury vapor lamp injuries. PMID- 1242145 TI - Letter: Overdoses of chloramphenicol. PMID- 1242146 TI - Letter: Meningococcal prophylaxis. PMID- 1242147 TI - Letter: Corticosteroids for pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 1242148 TI - Letter: Measles vaccine. PMID- 1242149 TI - Letter: Cardiac arrest. PMID- 1242150 TI - Letter: Information services for small hospitals. PMID- 1242151 TI - Letter: New seat belt systems as a cause of meralgia paresthetica. PMID- 1242152 TI - Rheumatic fever in Colorado. A conquered disease? PMID- 1242153 TI - Abnormal pancreatic glucagon secretion and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma glucose and glucagon responses to standard meals containing carbohydrate, fat, and protein as in normal diets were studied in 12 subjects with insulin dependent diabetes and 12 normal subjects. Diabetics had two to three times greater glucagon responses than did normal subjects. Fifteen units of insulin injection did not normalize these excessive glucagon responses, although postprandial hyperglycemia was reduced. Infusion of somatostatin at a dosage of 500 mug/hr prevented glucagon responses and diminished postprandial hyperglycemia by 60%. The combination of insulin and somatostatin caused a progressive fall in plasma glucose levels despite meal ingestion. Somatostatin and insulin, administered subcutaneously in the same syringe, also abolished postprandial hyperglycemia. These studies indicate that excessive glucagon secretion participates in the genesis of diabetic postprandial hyperglycemia. Somatostatin, an inhibitor of glucagon secretion, may thus prove useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1242154 TI - Myxedema ileus. A form of intestinal pseudo-obstruction. AB - Myxedema ileus uncommonly complicates the hypothyroid state. It is a rare cause of intestinal pseudo-obstruction that can be reversed with thyroid hormone therapy. Our two patients with myxedema ileus had concurrent infection. Intestinal ileus was completely reversed with the administration of thyroid hormone. PMID- 1242156 TI - Editorial: A time for action. PMID- 1242155 TI - Hypercalcitonemia in bronchogenic cancer. Evidence for thyroid origin of the hormone. AB - Retrograde venous catheterization in a hypercalcitonemic patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrated that the thyroid gland was secreting a very large amount of hormone (14-fold higher than the peripheral level), while the venous drainage from the tumor deposits was similar in concentration to that of the periphery. Conceivably, the calcitonin is being elaborated in response to metastatic and humoral bone resorption or both. Radiotherapy resulted in a decrease in the calcitonin level. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic or prognostic implications of serum calcitonin in bronchogenic cancer. PMID- 1242157 TI - Editorial: Immaterial to diagnosis. PMID- 1242158 TI - Tests for carcinoembryonic antigen. Role in diagnosis and management of cancer. PMID- 1242159 TI - Letter: Delayed idiosyncratic psychosis with phenytoin. PMID- 1242160 TI - Letter: Cholecystographic modifications to improve initial study opacification. PMID- 1242161 TI - Letter: Stamp for charting breast lesions. PMID- 1242162 TI - Letter: New drugs for hypertension: an FDA reply. PMID- 1242163 TI - Letter: Halitosis from isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 1242164 TI - Letter: Pulsus paradoxus in asthma. PMID- 1242165 TI - Artificial tobacco substitutes. PMID- 1242166 TI - High altitude pulmonary edema. A rare disease? AB - Since its original description in the English literature 15 years ago, high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) has been the subject of many reports. The clinical and hemodynamic features of HAPE are now well recognized, but its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. In this article, a case of HAPE is described and the clinical features, proposed pathogenesis, and treatment are discussed. (JAMA 234:491-495, 1975). PMID- 1242168 TI - Toward assessing the chemical age. Summary of deliberations, 1974. PMID- 1242167 TI - Smoking, oral contraceptives, and obesity. Effects on white blood cell count. AB - Data from 14,961 healthy women were analyzed to determine the relative importance of factors that alter the white blood cell (WBC) count. The effects of smoking, oral contraceptive use, and obesity were most striking. A total leukocyte count greater than 10,00/cu mm was found in 44% of obese, heavily smoking women who took oral contraceptives (central 95% of the distribution was 5,800 to 14,200/cu mm) as compared to 2% of women without these attributes (3,500 to 9,400/cu mm). Other factors such as age, time of day, phase of the menstrual cycle, and red blood cell variables were of lesser significance. The use of noncontraceptive estrogenic hormones did not affect the WBC count. Recognition of these findings is important because excessive laboratory studies, lost physician time, and patient inconvenience may thereby be avoided. PMID- 1242169 TI - Fifty-year survival after surgery for craniopharyngioma. PMID- 1242170 TI - Phencyclidine poisoning. AB - Phencyclidine hydrochloride abuse has become increasingly common and should be considered in patients with unexplained acute psychosis, dystonic reactions, status epilepticus, or coma. Two phencyclidine-intoxicated patients had bizarre combinations or disorientation, hallucination, agitation, and dyskinetic motor activity. Supportive care and reduction of sensory stimulation are the basis for management of the symptoms. PMID- 1242171 TI - Phencyclidine. Nine cases of poisoning. AB - In nine cases of phencyclidine hydrochloride poisoning, early signs of overdose included drowsiness, nystagmus, miotic pupils, blood pressure elevation, increased deep tendon reflexes, ataxia, anxiety, and agitation. In more severe cases, seizures, spasticity, and opisthotonos were seen in addition to deep coma and respiratory depression. Treatment included removal by emetics or lavage, hydration, and a quiet, reassuring environment. Spasticity, agitation, and ocular manifestions responded to diazepam. Psychiatric intervention was instituted after the patients were stable and no longer agitated. PMID- 1242172 TI - Traumatic aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. Squash-ball disease. PMID- 1242173 TI - Intravascular coagulation in acute lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1242174 TI - Editorial: On the fringes of smoke rings. PMID- 1242175 TI - Editorial: Temporal arteritis: a new form. PMID- 1242177 TI - Editorial: The time in which we live. PMID- 1242176 TI - Editorial: Stehbens hypothesis revisited. PMID- 1242178 TI - Jaundice in older children and adults. Algorithms for diagnosis. PMID- 1242179 TI - Noncardiac causes of pulmonary edema. PMID- 1242180 TI - Crime and the aged. 1. The victims. PMID- 1242181 TI - Letter: Arcus senilis and carotid disease. PMID- 1242182 TI - Letter: The medical expert witness in malpractice suits. PMID- 1242183 TI - Letter: Furosemide for high altitude pulmonary edema. PMID- 1242184 TI - Letter: Shower hazard? PMID- 1242185 TI - Letter: Softened water. PMID- 1242186 TI - Letter: Emergency Medical Systems Act of 1973. PMID- 1242188 TI - Letter: Chlamydial infections. PMID- 1242187 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives, serum folate, and hematologic status. PMID- 1242189 TI - The psychiatrist as physician. PMID- 1242190 TI - Fallibility of the clinical diagnosis of venous thrombosis. AB - Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed the diagnosis of acute venous thrombosis in only 194 (37%) of 527 patients. Of the remaining 333 patients, 245 (74%) had some other evident cause of the limb complaints. The postphlebitic stasis syndrome; symptomatic varicose veins; congestive heart failure; leg trauma; venous or lymphatic obstruction by malignancy; cellulitis or lymphangitis; arthritis; and pregnancy were etiologic factors in these patients. The proved inaccuracy of the bedside diagnosis of leg vein thrombosis stresses the need for accurate objective verification of venous disease before committing the patient to a full course of anticoagulant therapy. For most clinicians, a contrast phlebogram is the most available and reliable diagnostic procedure. PMID- 1242191 TI - Pneumonia associated with measles. AB - Thirty-three children were hospitalized for pneumonia associated with measles. Eight did not have rash but had serologic evidence of measles infection and an otherwise compatible clinical picture. Lung puncture and tracheal aspirations were performed on 21 of the patients. Mortality was 15.2% (five patients) and was not associated with the use of these procedures. PMID- 1242192 TI - Informed consent--the rebuttal. PMID- 1242193 TI - Informed consent--the rejoinder. PMID- 1242194 TI - Cephalexin-related nephropathy. AB - Hematuria and eosinophilia developed in two patients being treated for bacterial endocarditis with 20 or 24 gm/day of cephalexin given orally together with probenecid (Benemid). One patient had a concurrent transient increase in serum creatinine; both patients had a history of penicillin allergy and had previously received cephalexin intravenously. All abnormalities promptly remitted following discontinuation of therapy. PMID- 1242195 TI - Posttraumatic pleural-fluid and blood eosinophilia. PMID- 1242196 TI - Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma. The cartilage analogue of fibromatosis. PMID- 1242197 TI - Editorial: Homogenized milk and coronary artery disease: theory, not fact. PMID- 1242198 TI - Editorial: Old culprits blamed for new crimes. PMID- 1242199 TI - Editorial: Late systolic click syndrome. PMID- 1242200 TI - Crime and the aged. 2. The criminals. PMID- 1242201 TI - Medical discipline. Part IV. Constitutional considerations--administrative regulation. PMID- 1242202 TI - Lymphocytic tumours of the orbit. PMID- 1242203 TI - Orbital pseudo-tumours: difficulties in diagnosis. A study of 12 cases. PMID- 1242204 TI - Orbital inflammatory pseudo-tumours: immunological aspects. PMID- 1242205 TI - Eye changes of Graves' Disease: medical aspects. PMID- 1242206 TI - Diagnosis and management of dysthyroid exophthalmos. PMID- 1242207 TI - Prednisone treatment in endocrine ophthalmopathy. PMID- 1242208 TI - Pittfalls in the diagnosis of endocrine exophthalmy. PMID- 1242209 TI - Ophthalmic Graves' disease. AB - Ophthalmic Graves' disease is a peculiar clinical condition, characterized by ocular symptoms, without thyrotoxicosis. A survey of 22 observed cases is discussed. This condition is 25 times less frequent than classical Graves' disease. The eye symptoms include upper lid retraction, exophthalmos, and severe ophthalmopathy. Unilateral symptoms are frequent (16 out of 22). A negative T3 suppression test was found in half of the patients. LATS was detectable in 3 out of 17 of the cases. The stimulation of TSH secretion by TRH was normal in 3 out of 6 of the cases. When the tests were combined and repeated, a positive response was found in 8 out of 9 of the exophthalmic patients, and in 3 out of 9 of the patients with lid retraction. Appreciation of the course of the disease necessitates a prolonged follow-up; transformation into classical thyrotoxicosis have been observed. Our clinical studies bring into focus the relationship of ocular symptoms with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease. PMID- 1242210 TI - IOP and direction of gaze in endocrine exophthalmos. PMID- 1242211 TI - Congenital muscular dystrophy: a clinico-pathological and follow-up study of 15 patients. AB - Fifteen patients with a presumptive diagnosis of congenital muscular dystrophy were followed for up to 15 years. The diagnosis was based on clinical, enzyme, histological and neurophysiological examinations. The group formed nine per cent of the 160 children suffering from neuromuscular disorders seen at the same hospital during a period of ten years. The muscle weakness was generalized and also involved respiratory muscles and the face. 60 per cent of the children had congenital contractures; these were well amenable to treatment. However, there was a strong tendency for new contractures to form from the second to third year onwards. There were also other signs indicating that the disease process was changing with time. The deep tendon reflexes were present in the beginning but later were usually lost. The serum creatine kinase was raised even to high levels in the first one to two years and gradually sank to normal or near normal values. The histopathological findings changed with time from relatively slight changes compatible with a muscle destroying process to inactive type lesions characterized by fibrotic and particularly adipose tissue replacing muscle fibres. On the basis of these findings it can be assumed that the active disease process is at its height during intrauterine and early postnatal life and then wanes leaving an outburnt or cicatrical state in which new contractures easily develop causing possible deterioration with time. Active treatment is thus of great importance both to overcome neonatal contractures and to prevent new ones to develop. PMID- 1242212 TI - Peripheral nerve maturation in premature infants. AB - The association of peripheral nerve conduction velocity and conceptional age in premature infants is well established. However, the impact of premature birth on the rate of maturation of peripheral nerves is unclear. In this study a group of 119 premature infants and 32 term infants had nerve conduction velocity determinations. The correlation of velocity and conceptional age is significant. There appears to be no effect upon nerve conduction velocity by the occurrence of prenatal or postnatal events. It is unclear whether extrauterine rates of increase of velocity in prematures are comparable to intrauterine rates, but testing of prematures after they have reached their expected date of birth shows them to have identical mean values to term infants tested at term. PMID- 1242214 TI - Micronodular encephalitis and acute leukemia treated with immunosuppressives in a child. AB - The present paper is the study of a micronodular encephalitis with inclusions occurring in a child suffering from acute leukemia treated with antimitotics and immunosuppressives. The role of the immunosuppressive treatment in the onset of the encephalitic syndrome is discussed. PMID- 1242213 TI - [Juvenile spongy dystrophy of CNS with necrosis of the medulla. A. complication of hydroxyquinoline therapy (author's transl)]. AB - A girl of 10-5/12 years is described, who had diabetes mellitus from the age of 5 years on and who developed bilateral ptosis, pigment degeneration of the retina and bilateral impairment of hearing at the age of nine years. A few weeks before death she suffered from an acute gastrointestinal infection which was successfully treated by a hydroxyquinoline derivative. In the days following a severe encephalopathy and signs of cardiac involvement appeared. A month later the girl died of bulbar paralysis and acute heart failure. Histology showed remnants of a granulomatous inflammation in the heart, the kidneys, the pancreas and the skeletal muscles. Furthermore there was a widespread spongiosis in the white substance of the brain, with large astrocytes, and partly also in the basal ganglia, the brain stem and the cerebellum. Foci of sudanophilic tissue necrosis resembling Wernicke's Encephalopathy were found in the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. The peripheral nerves appeared partially demyelinated and showed axonal lesions. This case is classified as a Juvenile Type of so-called Canavan's Disease. It shows some resemblence to the "Progressive Chronic Ophthalmoplegia with Spongiform Encephalopathy described by Daroff, Kearn and Sayre. The possible neurotoxical effects of the hydroxyquinoline therapy are discussed. PMID- 1242215 TI - Upward dislocation of peritoneal catheter into the ventricular cavity. A rare complication of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Report of a case. PMID- 1242216 TI - [Commentary on the "Case report" of Dr. Mazza]. PMID- 1242217 TI - Latent Haemobartonella muris infection: its transmission and decline in an inbred, ectoparasite-free strain of Wistar rat. AB - Ectoparasite-free, SPF Italian Wistar rats were consistently found to carry a latent infection with Haemobartonella muris, activable by splenectomy. In an inbred line this diminished and eventually ceased in six generations. Experimental infection from wild rats demonstrated that this was not apparently due to immunity. PMID- 1242218 TI - Registered criminality in the adoptive and biological parents of registered male criminal adoptees. PMID- 1242219 TI - Discussion of genetic studies of criminality and psychopathy. PMID- 1242220 TI - Schizophrenic spectrum disorders in the families of schizophrenic children. PMID- 1242221 TI - On the possible magnitudes of selective forces maintaining schizophrenia in the population. PMID- 1242222 TI - Mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals who have become schizophrenic: a preliminary report based on psychiatric interviews. PMID- 1242223 TI - Schizophrenia and the schizoid: the problem for genetic analysis. PMID- 1242224 TI - Discussion: the concept of subschizophrenic disorders. PMID- 1242225 TI - Discussion: papers on the genetics of schizophrenia. PMID- 1242226 TI - Linkage studies in affective disorders: the Xg blood group and manic-depressive illness. PMID- 1242227 TI - The familial history in sixteen males with bipolar manic-depressive illness. PMID- 1242228 TI - The transmission of alcoholism. PMID- 1242229 TI - Genetic studies of hyperactive children: psychiatric illness in biologic and adopting parents. PMID- 1242231 TI - Genetic knowledge and heredity counseling: new responsibilities for psychiatry. PMID- 1242230 TI - Presidential address: nature and nurture as political issues. PMID- 1242232 TI - Special award lecture: biochemical genetics and psychiatry. PMID- 1242233 TI - Extra chromosomes and criminality. PMID- 1242234 TI - Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies in sexual offenders, violent criminals, and aggressively behaved temporal lobe epileptics. PMID- 1242235 TI - An adoptive study of psychopathy: preliminary results from arrest records and psychiatric hospital records. PMID- 1242236 TI - [Problems in the use of anti-epileptics. 2. Resorption and the influence of resorption]. PMID- 1242237 TI - [The system construction on a newly developed automatic EEG diagnosing system- with special regard to the wave-form recognition method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242239 TI - The significance of alveolar geometry and surface tension in the respiratory mechanics of the lung. AB - It is customary to describe alveolar respiratory mechanics in terms of a bubble shaped model alveolus, using the Laplace equation. The coexistence of alveoli of different radii cannot be satisfactorily explained by this model, even if hypotheses as yet unconfirmed by experiment are taken into account. Moreover, this model requires the assumption of extremely low surface tensions, near 0 dny/cm, to explain the absence of atelectasis with very small alveolar radii and the maintenance of alveolar fluid balance. On the basis of investigations of the dynamic surface tension of lung alveolar surfactant from rat lungs, however, the minimal surface tension of alveoli is 18-20 dny/cm. In addition, the lung does not consist of isolated and spherical alveoli but a dense packing of polyhedral air spaces separated by alveolar septa. This paper is an attempt to analyze the recoil forces of the lung due to surface tension on the basis of the polyhedral alveolar structure and the minimum surface tension mentioned above. It is demonstrated that several geometrical parameters are able to guarantee the stability of the alveolar structure of the lung to a greater extent than a variable surface tension. It is concluded that not a single (and fictive) alveolus but the septal intersections and the "peripheral" septa (limiting only one air space) are the smallest morphological units of the respiratory mechanics. Some consequences concerning the pressure-volume behavior of the whole lung, the above mentioned coexistence problem and the alveolar fluid balance are discussed. PMID- 1242238 TI - The choice of antibiotic for treating infective endocarditis. AB - The bacteriological spectrum of infective endocarditis is very different when the disease occurs spontaneously from when it follows shortly after cardiac surgery or is associated with narcotic abuse or haemodialysis. It is therefore suggested that two categories of the illness, naturally occurring and extraneous, are recognized. The great majority of cases of naturally occurring infective endocarditis are caused by organisms highly sensitive to penicillin. Oral therapy is nearly always effective in such cases and amoxycillin given with probenecid is recommended as the regime of choice. Extraneous infective endocarditis is most often caused by staphylococci, with Gram-negative bacilli and fungi also quite frequent infecting agents. Intravenous and oral therapy with a variety of antibiotics is discussed in the management of this group. PMID- 1242241 TI - Lymphosarcoma, cold urticaria, IgG1 monoclonal cryoglobulin and complement abnormalities. AB - A patient with lymphosarcoma and cold urticaria showed evidence of complement activation by the classical pathway with low levels of the early complement components, normal levels of late acting components, normal functioning of the alternate pathway and reduction of the C1-inhibitor level. The serum contained an IgG1 monoclonal cryoglobulin responsible for the complement activation. In vitro tests demonstrated a high capacity of the serum to activate C1. PMID- 1242242 TI - [Female alcoholism. A longitudinal social medical study]. PMID- 1242240 TI - [Research and treatment of galactorrhea. Apropos of 8 clinical cases]. PMID- 1242243 TI - [Spinal fluid changes in infections of the central nervous system]. PMID- 1242244 TI - [The milk-alkali syndrome]. PMID- 1242245 TI - [Morphologic and virologic studies of the fetus and placenta in neorickettsial abortion in cattle]. AB - A total of 19 fetuses and 10 placentas were studied. Four fetuses and one placenta harboured neorickettsiae, and the remaining fetuses and placentae originated from cows in the serum of which there were complement-fixing antibodies. These ranged within 1:8-1:64. The gross lesions of the fetuses consisted in the presence of edema with enlargement of the liver. The changes were more characteristic histologically. The liver, kidney, heart, adrenals, and occasionally the lung and spleen had foci of histiocytes, lymphoid and plasmatic cells, and fibroblasts, sometimes with the presence of sporadic leukcoytes. The presence of such cell elements agglomerated in foci fairly often built up formations of granulomatous character. The focal processes prevailed, however, there were diffuse reactions too. Histologically, there were in the placenta diffuse edemas, hyperemia, single hemorrhages, and multiple necrotic foci. A correlation was established between the serologic, virologic, and morphologic changes which made more feasible the diagnosis in such abortions. PMID- 1242246 TI - [Experience of work of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the I. M. Sechenova I Moscow Medical Institute with students of the faculty of postgraduate training for teachers at medical institutes]. PMID- 1242247 TI - Chemical mutagenesis. II. Some observations on the new morphogenetic variations induced in Aspergillus oryzae Wehmer by 6-azauracil. PMID- 1242248 TI - [Natural infection by broad bean wilt virus in head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242249 TI - Effect of mannitol, sucrose, and glucose on bacterial nitrogen fixation. PMID- 1242250 TI - Effects of trace elements and phosphate fertilizer on microbial activities of semi-humid soils. PMID- 1242251 TI - Metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoic acid by certain strains of Rhizobia. PMID- 1242252 TI - [The influence of tannic acid on catalase activity on soil samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242253 TI - Effect of seed fumigation on the symbiosis of Rhizobium sp. with Arachis hypogaea linn. PMID- 1242254 TI - [The importance of weeds for the transmission of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. I. The presence od Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn on weed plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242255 TI - [The importance of weeds for the transmission of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. II. The morphology and physiology of different isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242256 TI - Control of pesticide persistence in soil with special respect to microbial activity. PMID- 1242257 TI - Studies on induced reversions at the arginine locus of Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin). PMID- 1242258 TI - [Wild growing Prunus species of the subgenera Prunophora and Padus as natural host plants for cherry ringspot viruses (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242259 TI - An electron microscope study on the size of Launaea mosaic virus. PMID- 1242260 TI - [Salmonella contamination of the Danube in Bratislava by sewage. 2nd communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242261 TI - Aeromycological investigations in West-Germany. II. Seasonal and diurnal periodicity in the period 1971-1972. PMID- 1242262 TI - Germicidal effect of some acetoacetanilides. PMID- 1242263 TI - Some biochemical changes in young barley plants, due to the Vitavax disinfection of seeds against Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. PMID- 1242264 TI - [Duration of the infectivity of eye-spot-diseased stubbles. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242265 TI - Radiation studies on Azotobacter chroococcum. II. Delayed photo-reactivation. PMID- 1242266 TI - Lack of effect of hyperglycaemia on apomorphine induced growth hormone release in normal man. AB - Six healthy adult males were studied to evaluate the effect of apomorphine on growth hormone (GH) secretion under normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions. Both under normoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia all subjects responded to the subcutaneous injection of 0.75 mg apomorphine hydrochloride with a marked increase in plasma GH concentration reaching a maximum after 30-60 min. In control studies no significant changes in plasma GH were observed following the injection of physiological saline. As apomorphine is considered a selective dopamine receptor stimulating agent, the results support the view that GH release in man can be modulated through a dopaminergic mechanism. The finding that the plasma GH rise after the administration of apomorphine is not suppressible by glucose indicates that apomorphine activates dopaminergic receptors localized distally in the hypothalamus or in the anterior pituitary. Amorphine in low dosage may be used clinically to test the capacity of the pituitary to release GH in man, at least in special cases. PMID- 1242267 TI - Pituitary hormones in women with chronic renal failure: the effect of chronic intermittent haemo- and peritoneal dialysis. AB - Measurements of plasma prolactin (hPr), growth hormone (HGH), thyrotrophin (TSH), luteinizing (LH)--and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were performed in 20 women with chronic renal failure on regular dialysis. There was no significant difference in any of the hormone levels before and after the dialysis and no significant influence of the type of dialysis (haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) or the time of dialysis. Higher levels of plasma prolactin was found in the women on peritoneal dialysis than in the haemodialyzed women presumably due to the medical treatment. In the peritoneally dialyzed group four women had irregular menstruations and normal gonadotrophic levels, but elevated hPr and it is suggested that this finding is similar to that seen in the amenorrhoeagalactorrhoea syndrome, where hPr presumably in some way have antigonadotrophic actions at the gonadal level. PMID- 1242268 TI - Critical analysis of methods for estimating production rates of FSH. AB - The urinary excretion method and the constant infusion technique were used to estimate hFSH production rates (PR) in three normal men (aged 25-40 years). Both studies were also done in a hypophysectomized nine year old boy. The PR of hFSH in the urinary excretion studies ranged from 20.0 to 45.7 IU/24 h, whereas the constant infusion studies yielded PR'S OF 68.7 to 107.8 IU/24 h. Possible reasons for the discrepancy of the results obtained by the two methods are discussed. In the hypophysectomized patient, the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of infused hFSH was much lower (4.3 ml/min) than in the normal adults (7.8 to 12.0 ml/min) and was not affected by the dose of hFSH given. PMID- 1242269 TI - Conditions influencing the dose-response effect of growth hormone on longitudinal bone growth in the hypophysectomized rat. AB - Various factors that might influence the dose-response effect of growth hormone on the longitudinal bone growth were investigated with tetracycline as intravital marker of the bone growth in hypophysectomized rats. These are of practical importance for the bioassay of growth hormone. The growth response was found to be almost the same for subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection, whereas the intravenous route resulted in significantly lower growth response. The administration of growth hormone in various volumes subcutaneously did not significantly influence the dose-dependent growth response. Freezing of the dissolved growth hormone or addition of NaOH to the solution had no significant effect on growth response. Cortisone acetate 0.5 mg/kg given at hypophysectomy increased the post-operative survival somewhat, without having any post-operative depressing influence on the growth hormone-induced longitudinal bone growth. The present investigation showed that in standardized conditions the dose-dependent growth response is constant. PMID- 1242270 TI - An analysis of an apparent sex difference in the desoxyribonucleic acid content of rat liver. AB - Using the extraction procedure of Schmidt & Thannhauser (1945) and the indole reaction for DNA according to Ceriotti (1952), the DNA content of female rat liver was about one and a half times that of male liver. Castration of male rats, with or without administration of testosterone propionate, had no effect on the liver DNA content. Spaying of female rats (5-6 weeks of age) caused a decrease of the liver DNA content. Substitution with oestradiol benzoate restored the amount of DNA. No significant sex difference was observed in the DNA content of either rat brain, kidney, spleen and thymus, or mouse liver. Dische's diphenylamine reaction showed no significant sex difference in the rat liver DNA content. It was concluded that rat liver may contain a substance which is controlled by oestrogens and which interferes with the indole reaction. The interfering factor is present in the protein fraction of the liver extract. The possible nature of this interfering substance is discussed. PMID- 1242271 TI - Human placental lactogen concentration during physiological fluctuations of serum glucose in normal pregnant and gestational diabetic women. AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out in 9 normal pregnant women and 11 non-obese gestational diabetics in late pregnancy. All samples were analysed for the content of glucose, insulin and placental lactogen hormone (HPL). Furthermore, spontaneous changes in the serum HPL concentration during a 3 h period were studied in 6 normal women in the 2nd half of pregnancy. During OGTT only small and insignificant changes in the level of HPL were observed in both the normal subjects and the gestational diabetics. Furthermore, the mean HPL concentration curves of the normal subjects and the gestational diabetics were superimposed although the mean glucose concentration curves were significantly different. The study of spontaneous changes in HPL revealed only small and insignificant fluctuations in the serum HPL level, and the mean concentration curve resembled those obtained from the OGTT-study. It is concluded that neither the absolute serum glucose level, nor physiological fluctuations in the serum glucose concentration seemed to influence the serum concentration of HPL in this type of patients. PMID- 1242272 TI - Non-identical reaction of undissociated HCG and HCG-beta subunit with anti HCGbeta serum. AB - Based on gel-filtration experiments, estimates of the content are given of undissociated human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and HCG-beta subunit in HCG preparations. Radioimmunoassay of three HCG preparation using an antiserum against HCG-beta subunit showed that the slope of displacement curves was dependent on the ratio of HCG-beta subunit to undissociated HCG, the slope being steeper (negative) with increasing ratio. The implication of this observation on the choice of a suitable standard for HCG-beta radioimmunoassay is discussed. PMID- 1242273 TI - Glucocorticoid effect on repair processes in vascular connective tissue. Morphological examination and biochemical studies on collagen RNA and DNA in rabbit aorta. AB - Male rabbits were injured by a single mechanical dilatation of the aorta and then injected with prednisone 2 mg/kg saline for 14 days or starved. Morphological studies and biochemical measurements of the collagen metabolism, the content of alpha-amino nitrogen, RNA, DNA, water and fat, and the aorta to serum ratio of 125I-albumin were performed on the intima-media layer of the descending thoracic aorta. Prednisone inhibited the intimal thickening. In the media the infiltration by mononuclear cells, the proliferation and regeneration of the smooth muscle cells and the calcification were reduced. Prednisone caused a decrease in 0.45 M NaCl soluble collagen as well as in the dialysable and non-dialysable 14C hydroxyproline fractions. The total amount of collagen, elastin and alpha-amino nitrogen was unchanged, whereas the 14C-proline incorporation in the non dialysable protein fraction was inhibited to a greater extent than the 14C hydroxyproline synthesis. The findings indicate that prednisone inhibits the biosynthesis of collagen, which is inhibited to a greater extent than the general protein synthesis. Prednisone increased the dialysable to non-dialysable 14C hydroxyproline ratio consistent with a relative increase in the catabolism of newly synthesized collagen. The aortic content of RNA and DNA was reduced consistent with the inhibition of protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Finally prednisone decreased the aortic content of water when related to the wet weight and increased the aortic content of fat. The aorta to serum ratio of 125I albumin was not influenced by prednisone. It is concluded that administration of glucocorticoid for 14 days exerts an inhibitory action on the histological reaction to injury as well as on the biosynthesis of collagen of the repair processes in vascular connective tissue. A comparison with the effects of prednisone on undamaged rabbit aorta (Manthorpe et al. 1974) demonstrates that the metabolism of collagen of vascular connective tissue during repair is more sensitive to the antianabolic effects of prednisone than collagen in the non injured aorta. Starvation caused an increase of the aortic percentage of water but otherwise had no influence on the repair processes in the vascular connective tissue. PMID- 1242274 TI - Lipoatrophy produced in mice and rabbits by a fraction prepared from the urine from patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. AB - Urine from 5 patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy has been fractionated by protein precipitation and Sephadex gel filtration. A fraction with a molecular weight in the range of 1000 was observed to be metabolically active in mice, rats, and rabbits. Hypophysectomized rats got hypoglycaemia following an injection, and the lipolytic-hyperglycaemic effect of ACTH was reduced after injection into intact mice. This effect was probably due to insulin release, because no insulin-like activity was observed on isolated fat cells in vitro. Persistant changes were observed in the animals after 3 weeks of daily injections of the urinary fraction. Adult mice and rabbits developed lipoatrophy with decrease of body weight in spite of a doubling of the food consumption. The metabolic rate and the body temperature were raised. Infantile animals developed a lipodystrophic state with increased growth velocity, and 50 per cent increase of the body weight, although no fat depots were observed. The treated animals got hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, and insulin resistance. The rabbits developed manifest diabetes. The corresponding fraction prepared from the urine from the lipoatrophic rabbits produced lipoatrophy after injection into the mice. It is suggested that the lipodystrophic urinary fraction is of hypothalamic origin, and that it acts through the pituitary gland. The fraction is still heterogenous, and was observed to contain thyrotrophin releasing activity. PMID- 1242275 TI - The noncontact tonometer. Clinical evaluation on normal and diseased eyes. AB - The measurement of intraocular pressure with a noncontact tonometer was correlated to a Goldmann tonometer in 20 normal persons, 20 glaucomatous patients, and 8 patients suffering from corneal diseases. In normal persons the error in measurement for the noncontact tonometer was related to their skill in fixation, and in eye patients to height of pressure and corneal state. Acceptable correlation was found between noncontact tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry when the cornea was normal and the pressure below 35 mmHg (Goldmann), otherwise noncontact tonometry was only a guide, and in the presence of corneal disease, unreliable. Good fixation reduced the method error. The standard deviation was 1.09 mmHg at poor fixation and 0.60 mmHg at good fixation. Repeated measurements on the same eye with noncontact tonometry did not alter the intraocular tension. PMID- 1242276 TI - The immediate response in applanation pressure to intravenous acetazolamide in primary glaucomas and glaucoma suspects. AB - The decays in the applanation pressures of both eyes, after a reduction of the aqueous secretion by means of intravenous acetazolamide, are studied with respect to shape and steepness by comparison with reference curves calculated from different values of the facility of aqueous outflow. The pressure decays in three out of four eyes with narrow-angle glaucoma exhibited "breaks" possibly resulting from a stepwise reopening of the chamber angle during the decompression. Twenty patients with intraocular hypertension and open angles could be divided into two groups according to the facility of aqueous outflow (in mul mmHg-1 min-1), estimated from approximately matching reference curves: Nine patients with facilities above 0.15 had normal visual fields and nearly indentical pressure curves of the two eyes. Out of 11 patients with facilities below 0.15, seven patients had glaucomatous visual field defects and excavated optic discs. The pressure curves of eye pairs in this low facility group showed asymmetry, and breaks were seen in approximately half of the curves. These might be caused by changes in the outflow facility due to a decompression of collapsed outflow channels. However, the morphological basis for such an interpretation is not as well founded as in the case of narrow-angle glaucoma. PMID- 1242277 TI - Glucose, pyruvate, L-lactate, and citrate concentrations in the aqueous humour of fasting rabbits in relation to age. AB - Results are reported of determinations of glucose, pyruvate, l-lactate and citrate concentrations in aqueous humour from 42 fasting albino rabbits aged from 8 months to 9 years. The glucose concentrations decreased significantly with increasing age. The pyruvate and l-lactate concentrations as well as the ratios of l-lactate/pyruvate did not change significantly with age. However, the pyruvate concentrations were higher and the l-lactate/pyruvate ratios were lower in the 2-year-old rabbits than in the others. The citrate concentrations were found to rise with increasing age. Because of wide ranges of variation between individuals of the same age groups, the parameters in question have limited value in the evaluation of the energy metabolism of the anterior eye segment. PMID- 1242278 TI - Normal values in clinical electrooculography. 1. Material, method, methodological investigations and distribution of the potential and time parameters. AB - For the evaluation of normal EOG potential and time parameters a case series (142 eyes) is presented. An EOG technique aiming at the largest possible amplitude between the dark trough and the light peak is described. It is shown that the light-induced response following a 20 min period of adaptation to a very low degree of illumination (about 1/10 lx, allowing a rough orientation on the displayed trace) does not differ from that produced after 20 min of total darkness. Also, the independence of the pupillary area for the light-induced response is demonstrated, which means that the light stimulus employed (2500-4000 lx) is supramaximal. Furthermore, the good quality of the gaze fixation in the actual test situation with respect to the recording of equidistant saccades is proven. A DC amplification of the signal is used, which secures independency of inter- and intra-individual differences in the saccadic velocity and makes possible accurate measurements of deflections disfigured by correcting movements. The following EOG parameters are recorded: A base value after 10 min of preadaptation with the light stimulus, the dark trough and the light peak potentials. Also the periods between the beginning of the dark adaptation and the dark trough and between the dark trough and the light peak are noted. The frequency distribution and the general level of the various parameters are discussed in the light of comparable figures of previous publications. PMID- 1242279 TI - Effect of hard contact lenses on corneal sensitivity and thickness. AB - Corneal sensitivity and central corneal thickness were measured on 11 subjects before and after 8 hours of hard contact lens wear. Both factors were monitored for 30 min after removal. It was found that hard contact lenses affect both corneal sensitivity and thickness, significantly. After 8 hours the reduction of sensitivity was found to be, on average, 94% in the centre and 116% in the periphery, and the average increase increase in thickness was 6.9%. Thirty minutes after removal corneal sensitivity had recovered 82% and 100% in the centre and periphery, respectively, and corneal thickness had decreased by 6.3%. A high correlation was found between central and peripheral corneal sensitivity. This investigation shows that corneal sensitivity measurements offer an alternative method of assessing corneal integrity which is simple and precise. PMID- 1242280 TI - Histology of the iris in geese and ducks photosensitized by ingestion of Ammi majus seeds. AB - Geese and ducks were photosensitized by the ingestion of Ammi majus seeds, and exposure to sunlight. Mydriasis was a characteristic clinical feature of this syndrome in both species. Histologically the iris of the affected birds showed vacuolisation and varying degrees of atrophy of the muscle of the sphincter pupillae. The effect of pilocarpine and physostigmine on the normal and mydriatic eyes was studied. The possible mode of action of photosensitization and the significance of these findings in the light of the use of psoralens in human medicine is discussed. PMID- 1242281 TI - Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, and heart block (Kearns-Sayre syndrome). Report of a case. AB - Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia associated with a pigmentary retinopathy and heart block was described by Kearns & Sayre in 1958. They suggested that the triad represented a syndrome. The cases recorded since then are reviewed and summarised, and several common features are noted. Little attention has previously been paid to the retinopathy. A similar case is presented, and the pigment changes, retinal function, annd fluorescein angiography are examined. There is no clinical evidence for the diagnosis of classical retinitis pigmentosa. The prognosis and aetiology of the condition are discussed. PMID- 1242282 TI - Follow-up results of occlusion and pleoptic treatment. AB - Fifty cases of amblyopia, including some cases of eccentric fixation, which had previously been successfully treated by various therapies (conventional occlusion, red filter occlusion and pleoptics) were followed up from 12 to 68 months. Fifteen cases (30%) deteriorated to pretreatment level during the follow up. Deterioration was found to be greater in cases over the age of 15 years and in cases who did not follow the instructions given to them after cessation of therapy. PMID- 1242283 TI - Remarks on the aqueous humor/plasma ratios for amino acids and related compounds in patients with various chronic ocular disorders. AB - The concentration of 19 amino acids and related compounds was simultaneuosly determined by means of ion exchange chromatography in the aqueous humour (Caq) and blood plasma (Cpl) of 40 patients with various chronic ocular disorders. The physiological aspects will be published elsewhere. It is of interest to note that very few significant differences have been found between the Caq/Cpl ratios for the groups into which the material could be clinically divided. This enables the conclusion to be drawn that determination of Caq/Cpl for amino acids and related compounds are not of diagnostic importance in the chronic ocular disorders which were studied. PMID- 1242285 TI - Spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. PMID- 1242284 TI - Corneal diameter in Greenland Eskimos. Anthropometric and genetic studies with special reference to primary angle-closure glaucoma. AB - In a population survey the corneal diameter (DC) was measured in 1,211 adult Greenland Eskimos from six districts. Using a Wessely keratometer, trnasversal and vertical readings were performed, and the CD value taken as the average. The unimodal distributions obtained were found to differ from normality. The results suggested a small decrease of CD with age whereas the sex difference (0.2 mm) was highly significant. Geographical variation was found, a West Greenland group (Umanaq) being below the others, while the purest Eskimos (from Angmagssalik) showed higher mean values. A Danish control sample had significantly larger corneae, about 0.5 mm above the Eskimos, and agreed with other reports on Europeans. The CD values and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) were positively correlated. The Eskimo primary angle-closure glaucoma patients showed a slight deviation towards the lower CD classes. The familial CD distributions suggested a mainly genetic determination of corneal size. PMID- 1242286 TI - Biometric correlations of corneal thickness. AB - Central corneal thickness, depth of anterior chamber, thickness of lens, length of vitreous, axial length, applanation (Goldmann) and indentation (Schiotz) tension and rigidity (Friedenwald) were determined in three groups of patients; (1) 16 patients with glaucoma simplex, (2) 25 patients with ocular hypertension, and (3) 26 patients with fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (so-called pseudoexfoliation of the lens). Average data and computed correlations between the parameters are given in tabular form. Corneal thickness was normal in glaucoma simplex, but significantly increased in ocular hypertension. Corneal thickness was positively correlated to applanation tension but not to indentation tension, nor to any other of the studied parameters. It is suggested that corneal thickness can be considered as a biometric parameter which yields new information about the eye not covered by the conventional parameters. PMID- 1242287 TI - Prognosis of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. 1. Associations between clinical detachment characteristics, subretinal fluid butyrylcholinesterase and visual outcome following scleral buckling procedures. AB - Thirty-five patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were followed for at least 6 months after scleral buckling procedures with subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage, in order to define factors influencing anatomic and visual outcome. Thirty-two cases were surgically reattached; three were not. Among the reattached cases, final visual acuity was poorer in patients with: older age; longer standing, more extensive detachments; detachment of the macula (with or without the development of a visible macular lesion); macular lesions; and higher SRF butyrylcholinesterase activity. These factors were themselves interrelated. Follow-up duration was only weakly related to final acuity, probably because of the long post-surgical follow-up. Phakic/aphakic status bore little relationship to final acuity. The type or timing relative to drainage of inflammation producing treatment was not related to final acuity. PMID- 1242289 TI - A statistical study on farm and village level on the possible relations between human leukaemia and bovine leukosis. PMID- 1242288 TI - Comparison of central effects of noradrenaline and dopamine injected into the lateral brain ventricle in rats. AB - Noradrenaline and dopamine injected into the lateral brain ventricle exerted a significant effect on the behavior of rats. Both amines caused a slight rise in the basic locomotor activity which was significantly increased in the animals with inhibited monoamine oxidase activity. Besides that, they suppressed the behavior of rats in the open-field test, inhibited the conditioned avoidance response, decreased body temperature and increased amphetamine-induced motor hyperactivity. Noradrenaline, in contrast to dopamine, changed the intensity of amphetamine-induced stereotypy and prolonged the action of hypnotics. The central action of both catecholamines (in higher doses especially) seemed to have a biphasic course: in the first phase after administration depression was observed which was more pronounced after noradrenaline administration, in the second phase a stimulating effect b PMID- 1242290 TI - Iron deficiency and dietary factors in Finland. AB - In connection with a multiphasic screening program carried out in Finland, over 7,000 persons participated in a dietary survey. The method was a diet history interview concerning food consumption and habits during the previous year. The mean intake of meat products was lower in anemic women (Hb less than 12.0 g/100 ml or PCV less than 36 vol%) than in the others and in the intake of liquid milk products was higher in the anemic women. The meat product intake was lower in anemic men (Hb less than 13.0 g/100 ml or PCV less than 41 vol %) than in other men, but the milk consumption of the groups was almost equal. The intake of meat products in iron-deficient women )serum iron less than 50 mu g/100 ml or TIBC larger than or equal to 400 mu g/100 ml) was lower and the intake of milk products higher than in the other women. The intake of meat products in iron deficient men (serum iron less than 50 mu g/100 ml or TIBC larger than or equal to 400 mu g/100 ml) was lower than in the other men and the milk consumption was almost equal. The results support earlier studies that dietary habits are significant in the etiology of iron deficiency. In the light of this population study the intake of vitamin C also seems to influence iron metabolism. PMID- 1242291 TI - Effect of high crude fiber intake on transit time and the absorption of nutrients in South African Negro schoolchildren. AB - Transit time (using carmine as marker) averaged about 9.5 hours in rural South African Negro children aged 9-12 years, when ingesting a mean of 10 g crude fiber per diem on their everyday diet. A: in subgroups of 40-50 pupils, supplements of maize and wheat bran, and of wholemeal bread--each affording about 2 g fiber- also of oranges, affording 4 g fiber, decreased transit time only slightly, to about 8.5 hours. Hence, pupils current daily fiber intake, in its effect on transit time, is already acting maximally. B: mean respective fecal nitrogen and fat concentrations on everyday diet were not significantly affected when the subgroups ate one of the following fibre-free foods: 1) 40 g protein from skim milk; 2) 40 g fat from butter; 3) 40 g carbohydrate afforded by sugar. Additionally, on their usual diet, also following the ingestion of 40 g uncooked maize flour, starch was extremely seldom detected in feces. C. feces collections for 5-day periods were made on small groups of pupils (8 per group) when consuming first their everyday diet, and next when including each day one of the following: 1) 40 g protein from skim milk; 2) 40 g fat from butter; 3) 40 g sugar. On these regimens, there were no significant changes, compared with respective data on everyday diet, in mean amount of dry feces excreted daily, in concentrations of nitrogen and fat, nor in amounts of nitrogen and fat excreted daily. Yet a daily supplement of 350 g oranges (5-7 oranges), although virtually nitrogen- and fat-free but containing 4 g fiber, resulted in slightly shorter transit time but highly significant increases in mean amounts of dry feces, nitrogen and fat excreted daily. Observations suggest that the protein, fat and carbohydrate (excluding unassimilable fiber) in the supplements were virtually fully digested and absorbed. Discussion suggests that this also applied to nutrients in the everyday diet. It is judged that the large stools voided by these people (and others consuming diets high in fiber) are composed, apart from unassimilable fiber, almost wholly of endogenous products. PMID- 1242293 TI - Letter: Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 1242292 TI - The surface tension of upper airway secretions in patients with and without respiratory disease. AB - The alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure (PAaO2) difference and surface tension of upper airway secretions (UASST) were simultaneously measured in 33 intubated patients. Patients without respiratory disease had UASST and PAaO2 gradients significantly lower than those with chronic obstructive lung disease. Patients in respiratory failure had UASST and PAaO2 gradients significantly higher than when they were out of failure. Correlation of UASST with PAaO2 was good (r = 0.81). These findings demonstrate that UASST closely correlate with the severity of pulmonary disease and suggest that their measurement may be a simple, clinically applicable method of assessing alveolar surfactant function. PMID- 1242294 TI - [Editorial: Sodium metabolism and prenatal and postnatal development]. PMID- 1242296 TI - [Isolation of drugs from blood with macroreticular resins (author's transl)]. AB - The use of Amberlite XAD resins for isolation of drugs from blood without preliminary precipitation of proteins is described. Compared with the usual methods of precipitation this method gives better yields and cleaner extracts in a shorter time. In combination with specific methods of detection, e.g. with GC and Nitrogen detector, the use of XAD promises to be efficient in the screening for drugs in the forensic and clinical field. PMID- 1242295 TI - The efficiency of aquocobalamine as an antidote in cyanide poisoning when given alone or combined with sodium thiosulfate. AB - The antidotal activities of aquocobalamineacetates and sodium thiosulfate were tested in guinea pigs and cats. The animals were attached to artificial respirators throughout the experiment and were poisoned with a continuous infusion of sodium cyanide solution (4.1 muMol/kg.min NaCN). The rate of action of each antidote was determined from the time taken for the HCN exhalation to drop below the level of 100 nMol/kg.min in quinea pigs, and to values below 25 nMol/kg.min in cats; the detoxifying capacity of each antidote was determined from the time taken for the HCN exhalation to rise above the said values and the time interval for normal function of heart activity to be restored. Aquobalamine was characterized by its rapid rate of reaction in both the animal species; its detoxifying capacity showed, however, according to our expectations, variations corresponding to the applied doses. The combination of the antidotes aquocobalamine (100 mg/kg) and thiosulfate (500 mg/kg) proved to possess high rate of reaction and a large detoxifying capacity in guinea pigs. Similar results were obtained in cats with antidote doses of 200 mg/kg aquocobalamine combined with 500 mg/kg thiosulfate. The slow rate of reaction and large detoxifying capacity of thiosulfate were confirmed in our experiments. It combination with aquocobalamine showed no undesirable change in its antidotal action providing a time interval of 1 min was maintained between the 2 injections. PMID- 1242297 TI - [Clinical experience with benzene sulfonyl chloride (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical development of a percutaneous benzene sulfonyl chloride absorption, which can also occur on the mucous membrane, has a biological effect on the skin and results in reversible toxic damage to the liver; three such cases are described. Two patients experienced very severe shock which was brought under control after 1 to 1.5 hrs. A possible allergic genesis reaction of an immediate type is discussed. PMID- 1242298 TI - [Psychomotor responses under standardized trichloroethylene load (author's transl)]. AB - 20 volunteers were exposed for 4 hrs to a concentration of trichloroethylene in room air of 95 ppm. Before and after exposure the Wiener Determinationsgerat, the Wiener Reaktionsgerat, and the motorische Leistungsserie (Schoppe) were used to perform 6 tests, each of which gave 15 measurements. A comparison with the results of a blank test which had been obtained 1 week before with the same volunteers under the same conditions, but without the use of trichloroethylene, yielded no statistically significant impairment of the psychomotorial function by trichloroethylene. Further investigations are being carried out. PMID- 1242299 TI - A comparison of two types of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - In 47 patients treated at the Toxicological Clinic in Krakow for coal stove-gas poisoning, the aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH1 isoenzyme activities, and the lactate level were studied. Findings were compared with those of earlier investigations carried out on a group of patients poisoned by lighting gas; qualitatively changes in both groups were similar. The biochemical parameters studied aided in quantitative evaluation of the patients' condition: a threefold increase in lactate level on admission to the hospital and a likewise threefold increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity after 24 hrs of treatment are indications of severe poisoning. PMID- 1242300 TI - Acrylonitrile biotransformation in rats, mice, and chinese hamsters as influenced by the route of administration and by phenobarbital, SKF 525-A, cysteine, dimercaprol, or thiosulfate. AB - Female wistar rats, conventional albino mice, and Chinese hamsters were given a single dose of acrylonitrile, 0.5 or 0.75 mM/kg body weight. The elimination in the urine of thiocyanate, which is the main metabolite of acrylonitrile, indicated a decreasing proportion of biotransformation after oral (over 20%), intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous (2 to 5%), and intravenous (1%) administration in rats. Oral administration of acrylonitrile in hamsters and mice was also followed by higher biotransformation than intraperitoneal administration. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital, SKF 525 A, cysteine, or dimercaprol did not significantly influence elimination of thiocyanate in the urine after the administration of acrylonitrile, but simultaneous administration of thiosulfate significantly increased the metabolized portion of acrylonitrile given intraperitoneally in rats (almost twice) and mice (more than three times). Acrylonitrile was found to be strongly bound in blood. The study confirmed the marked effect of distribution (first-pass metabolic phenomenon) on the metabolic fate of foreign compounds. The strong acrylonitrile binding and cyanoethylation are apparently responsible for the unusually high influence of the different routes of administration on the metabolic fate of acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile was more effectively metabolized to thiocyanate in mice than in rats after oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous administration. A greater response of acrylonitrile to thiocyanate metabolism and a larger decrease in its acute toxicity after thiosulfate in mice than in rats indicate possible differences in the mechanism of acrylonitrile toxicity in these animals. Cyanide apparently plays a minor role in the acrylonitrile toxicity in rats, but may play quite an important one in mice. PMID- 1242301 TI - [The mutagenicity of desmethyltrichlorphone in dominant lethal test on mice (author's transl)]. AB - After i.p. administration to AB mice of 405 mg/kg desmethyltrichlorphone (sodium salt) in a single dose and 54 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks, the mutagenic effect in the dominant lethal test was at least the same as that of trichlorphone. these findings indicate that the genotoxic effect of trichlorphone is not likely to be due to its alkylating properties. PMID- 1242302 TI - Tetracyclines and lead metabolism in rats. AB - The effects of oral, parenteral pretreatment, and posttreatment with tetracyclines on lead metabolism were studied in 7 to 9 week-old female rats. In animals receiving different doses of tetracyclines orally (30 to 600 mg/kg daily) for 12 days the retention of an oral dose of 203Pb applied on the 4th day of the treatment was, at the end of the experiment, the same as in the controls. In animals receiving daily intraperitoneal doses of tetracycline (18.8 to 75 mg/kg for 12 days) the retention of an intraperitoneal dose of 203Pb applied on the 4th day of treatment was, at the end of the experiment, the same or higher than in the untreated group. This indicates that tetracyclines are not likely to be useful in the prevention or treatment of lead poisoning. PMID- 1242303 TI - [Amphotericin-B and 5-fluorocytosine in the treatment of cryptococcosis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 1242304 TI - [Age determination of post traumatic changes in menisci and synovium (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological examinations on 259 surgically removed menisci, 67 for trauma after soccer. Degenerative changes in menisci are more pronounced after a longer time intervall between trauma and surgery. PMID- 1242305 TI - [Development of pulmonary fibrosis in the animal experiment after repeated intratracheal coal-dust administration in relation to total dust intake]. PMID- 1242306 TI - [Acceleration in the development of experimental pulmonary fibrosis by urethane following intratracheal administration of cadmium sulfide and coal-dust]. PMID- 1242307 TI - [Obstructive airway disease in patients with and without anthracosilicosis: comparison]. PMID- 1242308 TI - Acyltransferases and the biosynthesis of pulmonary surfactant lipid in adenoma alveolar type II cells. PMID- 1242310 TI - [2,2-Hydrazinopyrimidines with branched substituents as potential antitumor agents. Condensation with hydrazine-N,N-dicarboxamidine]. AB - With a view to the cytostatic effect exhibited by certain representatives of the 2,2'-hydrazopyrimidines on the one hand, and by various drugs carrying branched substituents on the other hand, 4,4',6,6'-tetra-tert.-butyl-2,2' hydrazopyrimidine (III) has been prepared by condensation of 1,2-hydrazine dicarboxamidine (I) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (II). Structure III has been confirmed by IR and NMR data and by its N,N'-diacetyl derivative IV. PMID- 1242309 TI - [Chemotherapeutic effects of nitro compounds. 1. Nitroanilines]. AB - More than 200 nitro compounds, most of them nitroaniline derivatives substituted with one or more radicals having a basic reaction, were prepared and investigated as to their therapeutic activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, viruses and tumors. Several mono-nitrobenzenes with a radical having a basic reaction showed weak in-vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria and against Crocker's sarcoma 180; they also showed systemic activity against nematodes (Aspiculuris tetraptera) and viruses. The majority of therapeutically active compounds with pronounced in-vivo activity against Trichomonas fetus, Entamoeba histolytica, Schistosoma mansoni, cestodes, nematodes (Ancylostoma caninum), viruses (influenza, MHV, SAV and EMC) and various types of carcinoma (Ehrlich's carcinoma, leukemia 1210, Crocker's sarcoma 180) were dinitrobenzene derivatives with one radical having a basic reaction and electropositive groups or unreactive or reactive chlorine atom, and di-nitrobenzene with two equal or two different radicals having a basic reaction. Compound No. 70 revealed a marked in-vitro activity against fungi (Trichophyton; Microsporum, Candida albicans). Other nitro compounds such as bis-mono- and bis-dinitrobenzene derivatives likewise showed a systemic action against E. histolytica, viruses and, in particular, carcinoma (Crocker's sarcoma 180, Ridgway's osteosarcoma). Oxygen and sulfur analogue compounds as well as compounds produced by reduction also possessed a distinct activity against E. histolytica and viruses. On the basis of the present results particularly the dinitrobenzenes substituted with two radicals having a basic reaction include a number which have in common that a structure/activity relationship is recognizable in respect of E. histolytica, Schistosoma mansoni and different types of viruses. The activity against viruses in this class of compounds is probably due to an increased interferon production in the host animal. Whether the mechanism of action is the same against E. histolytica or Schistosoma mansoni has not been determined so far. A tumorigenic effect was observed mainly in those di-nitrobenzenes which are classed as alkylating compounds. Because of the small chemotherapeutic index the trials were not continued with the most effective compounds mentioned. PMID- 1242311 TI - Neuroleptic piperazinyl-dibenzo-azepines. Chemistry and structure-activity relationships. AB - The chemistry and the molecular and physicochemical properties of the 11 piperazinyl derivatives of dibenz[b,f][1,4]-oxazepines and -thiazepines and of dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepines as well as those of the 6-piperazinyl morphanthridines are reviewed. The physicochemical parameters sigma, pK, eta, RM and surface pressure are considered in relation to each other and in relation to two pharmacological effects, namely apomorphine antagonism and cataleptic activities. The influence of substituents, bridging moiety and basic side chain on structure-activity are discussed. Finally, the dibenzodiazepine derivative clozapine, which differs markedly from the classical neuroleptics in its biochemical, pharmacological and clinical properties and represents a new type of antipsychotic agent, is discussed. PMID- 1242312 TI - A new series of benzodiazepines. 1-Hydroxyalkyl derivatives of 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4 benzodiazepin-2-ones. AB - A series of new 1-hydroxyalkyl derivatives of 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 ones bearing a 3-hydroxyl or a 4-N-oxide function together with some related compounds have been synthesized. Compound (22) [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-7 chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one] has been selected for further studies both in animals and in humans as an antianxiety sedative agent. PMID- 1242313 TI - A few factors contributing to the mechanical strength of collagen fibres. AB - A knowledge of the influence of several factors on the stability and properties of collagen and preparations thereof precedes their industrial application. The results of such a study are reported in this paper. The mechanical properties of skin samples vary significantly with location and direction of cutting. The properties of isolated fibres from these locations, however, did not differ significantly, in a single animal. Collagen fibres from tendons and skins of several mammalian and other species exhibited under identical conditions of testing differences in their physical properties. The influence of factors like composition, shrinkage temperature, non-collagenous components, fibril width and age, on the properties is discussed individually. A slight increase in strength was observed in deaminated and deguanidinated collagen fibres while all the other treatments studied, viz. modification of side chains, crosslinking, tanning and irradiation with gamma-rays decreased the strength. An inverse correlation was observed between shrinkage temperature and strength of treated collagen fibres. The strength was also found to be influenced by the morphological structure of collagen. Irradiation with gamma-rays caused a reduction of not only the strength and shrinkage temperature of collagen but also caused severe destruction of the fibrillar structure at the X-ray and electronmicroscopic levels. The degradation was progressive with dosage. Non-hydrolytic scission of the polypeptide chains seemed to be responsible for the changes observed, which were also species specific. PMID- 1242314 TI - The potentiation of the activity of adenosine on coronary blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate by inosine in the dog. AB - The activity of adenosine and inosine on coronary blood flow and arterial blood pressure was investigated in anaesthetized and thoracotomized dogs. The following results were obtained. 1. Individual adenosine administration caused an increase in coronary blood flow. However, this adenosine activity was significantly strengthened when the same dose of adenosine was applied simultaneously with inosine in doses of 3.2, 5.6 and 10.0 mg/kg body weight i.v. The duration of the effect of adenosine on the coronary blood flow was also potentiated by inosine. 2. The hypotensive effect resulting from 0.2 mg adenosine/kg i.v. was significantly strengthened by simultaneous inosine application (3.2, 5.6 and 10.0 mg/kg i.v.). The activities on the blood pressure of increments in the individual adenosine dosages (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg i.v.) were significantly potentiated by 10 mg inosine/kg body weight i.v. 3. The heart rate was not modified by 0.2 mg adenosine/kg i.v. However, the same adenosine dosage plus inosine (3.2, 5.6 and 10.0 mg/kg i.v.) applied simultaneously led to bradycardia. Increasing adenosine doses (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg i.v.) applied simultaneously with inosine (10.0 mg/kg body weight i.v.) led to a dose dependent retardation of the heart rate. 4. The possible reasons for the potentiation of the effect of adenosine by inosine were discussed. PMID- 1242315 TI - [The effect of a combination of 1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-aminopropanol-(1) hydrochloride with a nucleotide containing heart muscle extract on the heart and circulatory system of the dog]. AB - The heamodynamic activity of Carnigen, which is a blood pressure stabilizer consisting of 1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminopropanol-(1)-hydrochloride (Suprifen) and a nucleotide containing heart muscle extract, was investigated in 15 anaesthetized dogs following intraduodenal application (0.3--1--3 mg/kg body weight). The following results were obtained: 1. The stroke volume and cardiac output were raised significantly exhibiting a dose dependent activity follwoing Carnigen application. 2. The cardiac work exhibited a dose dependent rise which was significant after 3 mg/kg. 3. The contractility of the left ventricle increased following each of the tested dosages. This was expressed by a significant rise in the dp/dt value as well as in the quotient (see article). 4. The mean femoral blood pressure exhibited a moderate rise in the test range from 0.3--3 mg/kg. 5. The heart rate increased by a few beats follwoing doses of 0.3- 1 mg/kg. 6. The total peripheral resistance was reduced in a dose dependent manner. 7. The respiration volume was slightly increased following 0.3 and 1 mg/kg Carnigen, 3 mg/kg caused a quite moderate respiration stimulation. PMID- 1242316 TI - [The effect of increased extracellular calcium concentration on the hypoxic and pharmacologic hyperemia of skeletal muscle]. AB - The influence of an increased Ca concentration on reactive hyperemia, work induced vasodilation and pharmacologically induced dilation (adenosine, nifedipine, verapamil) was studied in the blood perfused gastrocnemius of dogs. Reactive hyperemia, work induced vasodilation and increased blood flow by administration of adenosine could not be influenced by increased extracellular Ca concentrations. A Ca antagonism was demonstrated for nifedipine and verapamil, especially with regard to a diminution of the drug eff. PMID- 1242317 TI - Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of 1-methyl-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-7 chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (ID-540) in cats and rabbits. AB - Effects of ID-540 (1-methyl-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4 benzodiazepin-2-one) on the central nervous system were evaluated electrophysiologically and behaviorally in cats and rabbits. The reference compound used was diazepam. 1. ID-540 as well as diazepam produced muscle relaxation, grooming, facilitation of appetite and suppression of defensive behaviors. ID-540 made the animals lie on their side during sleep, but diazepam did not. 2. Though more effectively inducing an increase in fast activity and a decrease in frequency of hippocampal theta-waves than diazepam, ID-540 scarcely affected the amplitude of subcortical EEG (hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus), which diazepam decreased in cats. 3. ID-540 and diazepam increased the waking phase and decreased the paradoxical sleep phase. 4. ID-540 and diazepam at a dose of 1 mg/kg decreased the duration of amygdala after-discharge for 1 h in cats. Diazepam increased the duration of the after-discharge after it had been decreased, but ID-540 did not. ID-540 did not affect the duration of hippocampal after-discharge whereas diazepam prolonged it. 5. ID-540 depressed more effectively the hippocampal arousal response to stimulation of the ventro medial hypothalamus than did diazepam in rabbits. 6. ID-540 depressed amygdalo hippocampal evoked potential in cats. 7. ID-540 did not affect norepinephrine induced pressor response but reduced hypothalamic pressor response in cats. PMID- 1242318 TI - Influence of spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus poison on progressive muscular dystrophy in rat. AB - The therapeutic influence of the spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus poison on the progressive muscular dystrophy in rats caused by the method of Mendell's et al., as well as on the genetic dystrophy in mice, was examined. It was shown that the poison produces a functional and histological improvement, wheras the weight of the dystrophic muscles was not affected. PMID- 1242319 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of papaverine and its bioavailability from a sustained action preparation]. AB - The serum levels of intravenously and orally given papaverine were determined in healthy, fasting beagles. The bioavailability of the drug was assessed in the same animals following single administration of the sustained-action preparation Panergon (papaverine-hydrochloride). Based on a one-compartment model, the time of invasion, the half-life of elimination, the volume of distribution and the absorption rate of papaverine were calcualted. A comparison of the areas under the concentration curves shows the complete bioavailability of the papaverine contained in Panergon. PMID- 1242320 TI - Suppression of heparine-induced increment of rat free fatty acids by oxprenolol. AB - Injection of heparin i.v. into rats increased significantly free fatty acids (FFAs) plasma levels. When 20 min before the heparin injection 1-(o-allyloxy phenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-propane-2-ol-hydrochloride (oxprenolol, Trasicor) was administered i.p., FFAs increment was prevented. Isoproterenol-induced plasma FFAs rise was also inhibited by the administration of this beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Treatment by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade for prevention of heparine-induced FFAs increase, which possibly contributes to the appearance of heart arrhythmias, must be considered. PMID- 1242321 TI - [Reduction of serum triglycerides with a combined application of butylbiguanide and clofibrate in animal experiments]. AB - When given separately, neither butylbiguanide (N1-butylbiguanide-hydrochloride, the active principle of Silubin retard) (75 mg/kg) nor clofibrate (30 mg/kg) decreased the serum triglycerides in normolipaemic rats. In combined administration, however, the two drugs produced a statistically significant average decrease in serum triglycerides by 30%. Simultaneous administration of the two drugs also lowered triglycerides in rats with carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridaemia. PMID- 1242322 TI - The effect of beta-phenylethylamine on temperature in mice and its possible mechanisms of action. AB - Beta-phenylethylamine on injection into mice (100 mg/kg i.p.) produces a marked hyperthermia which is followed by a prolonged hypothermia. The hyperthermic response was studied in this report. The hyperthermic response was inhibited by p chlorophenylalanine, methysergide, cyproheptadine, alpha-methyl-tyrosine, propranolol, practolol, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, haloperidol, pimozide, protriptyline and desipramine. Lysergic acid diethylamide potentiated the response, while p-chloroamphetamine was without effect. While FLA-63 potentiated the response, disulfiram and reserpine were ineffective in preventing the hyperthermia. Nicotinic acid and prostaglandin E1 did not prevent PE induced hyperthermia. It was concluded from these results that PE induced hyperthermia in mice is blocked by agents that reduce the effective concentration of either DA or 5-HT in the central nervous system (by either synthesis inhibitors or receptor blockers). The involvement with catecholaminergic neurons at least was postulated to be a result of PE induced release of DA from DA neurons. PMID- 1242323 TI - Blockade of the central effects of d-amphetamine by amantadine. II. AB - 1-Adamantanamine (amantadine) pretreatment significantly reduced the motor hyperactivity and hyperthermia caused by d-amphetamine in reserpinized mice. In drug-naive mice, when amantadine was administered after d-amphetamine, the motor activity caused by the latter also was decreased. Since our earlier studies showed that amantadine pretreatment also antagonized the increases in both motor activity and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the caudate nucleus caused by d amphetamine in mice, it is suggested that the antagonism is due to a competitive blockade at the pre-synaptic level in the brain. PMID- 1242324 TI - Pharmacological study of a new substance, mecinarone. AB - Mecinarone, a benzofuranic chalcone, shows considerable vasodilating activity on the peripheral and cerebral circulation. The intramuscular irrigation is thus improved and the cerebral blood supply increased. This vasodilating activity is accompanied by only a slight drop in the systemic arterial pressure and occurs without cardiac depression. Mecinarone has also antibradykinin, antiserotonin and antiaggregation properties which added to the vasodilating activity, greatly increase its pharmacological interest. PMID- 1242325 TI - Relationship between activity and structure in derivatives of clonidine. AB - 2-(2,6-Dichlorphenylamino)-(clonidine, Catapresan, Catapres), 2-(2,6 diethylphenylamino- (St 91), 2-(2-chloro-6-methylphenylamino)-, 2-(2-chloro-4 methylphenylamino)-, 2-(2-methyl-5-fluorophenylamino) -and 2-(2-chloro-3-methyl phenylamino)-2-imidazoline were investigated in various pharmacological tests. 1. All substances increased blood pressure in spinal rats and initially in intact cats and dogs and increased the total peripheral resistance in the latter. As these compounds also showed mydriasis in conscious rats it has been concluded that these effects are due to stimulation of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors. 2. With the exception of St 91 the substances lowered blood pressure following i.v. injection, they decreased heart rate in cats and dogs and the cardiac output in the latter. These four compounds also decreased heart rate in vagotomised and atropinised rats. It was concluded that these effects were due to a decrease in sympathetic activity of the CNS. 3. In anaesthetised rats with beta-adrenoceptor blockade by toliprolol, a blood pressure increase was elicited by i.v. injection of angiotensin and the resulting bradycardia was recorded as a measure of vagal reflex activity. Clonidine and three derivatives which have shown hypotensive activity facilitated the vagal cardiodepressor reflex; St 91 was inactive in this respect. It has been concluded that decrease in central sympathetic tone and increase in central vagal activity are linked together in these compounds. 4. St 91 did not lower blood pressure and did not facilitate vagal reflex bradycardia after i.v. injection in dogs, but was active after intracisternal injection. It has been concluded, therefore, that this compound is able to act on structures in the CNS like clonidine but these effects usually do not occur after systemic administration because of its poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. 5. All derivatives decreased gastric acid secretion. 6. All substances increased blood glucose levels and were sedative; St 91 was the least effective compound in both respects pointing to a central mediation of these effects. 7. The results show that clonidine and the derivatives tested have the same reaction pattern. 8. The relationship between the CNS mediated cardiovascular depression and the peripheral alpha-adrenergic stimulating potency in conjunction with the lipoid solubility have been discussed. PMID- 1242326 TI - On the antitumor activity of gallium and lanthanides. AB - When assayed on lymphatic leukemia BW5147 and lymphosarcoma 6C3HED bearing mice lanthanum shows a higher tumor inhibitory activity than does gallium. The mechanisms involved in the inhibition of the tumor growth appear related to effects of lanthanum and gallium on the tumor metabolism of calcium and magnesium. PMID- 1242327 TI - The synthesis and pharmacology of a new analgesic, ID-1229. AB - A new non-narcotic analgesic, 2-[3-(p-fluorobenzoyl)-n-propy]-5alpha,9alpha dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan (ID-1229) has been prepared from 5alpha,9alpha-dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan. The analgesic activities of ID-1229 were several times more potent than those of pentazocine in the acetic acid writhing test in mice, bradykinin test in rats, Randall-Selitto's test in rats, and the electrical stimulation test in mice, while, ID-1229 showed little activity in both the tail pinch test and the hot plate test. ID-1229 did not show anti-narcotic activity in the morphine-combined test, and the Straub tail phenomenon was not observed in ID-1229. ID-1229 showed CNS activities in some tranquilizing tests, but did not show activity in several other CNS tests. The CNS potency is condiserably weaker as compared with haloperidol or diazepam, and the pattern of CNS activities in ID-1229 is quite different from those of both compounds. ID-1229 is a potent non-narcotic analgesic with tranquilizing activity, which is quite free from the undersirable side effects of morphine or morphine-like compounds including pentazocine. PMID- 1242328 TI - Antinociceptive action and plasma levels of acetylsalicylic acid in the dog. AB - 1. The analgesic potency of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is four times greater when administered intravenously than when administered orally. 2. The onset of the ASA analgesia after oral administration is significantly slower (30-60 min) than after intravenous (5-15 min) application. However, the duration of ASA-analgesia after oral administration is significantly longer (5 h) than after i.v. (2-4 h) application. 3. The onset and duration of ASA-analgesia in dogs after oral and i.v. administration cannot be correlated with plasma levels of ASA. During the period of analgesia, ASA can be detected only in extremely low concentrations, since it appears to be very rapidly hydrolysed to SA. 4. The development of an accurate and reproducible method for the separate determination of ASA and SA in plasma facilitated the direct correlation of plasma levels of these substances with ASA-induced analgesia. PMID- 1242329 TI - Effects of topically instilled drugs on intraocular pressure in rabbits. AB - The effect of the ocular instillation of some drugs on the intraocular pressure of non-anaesthetized rabbits was studied, using the Schiotz tonometer. The risk of systemic absorption of drugs follwoing ocular instillation was evaluated by 1. measuring the spreading of effects from the treated eye to the contralateral one and 2. studying the effects on blood pressure or on blood pressure responses to noradrenaline. The results showed that trazodone, epinephrine and acetazolamide produced hypotension on the treated eye; there was no spreading of effects to the contralateral one. These data could suggest that the primary site of action of these drugs is the eye. Naphazoline reduced the intraocular pressure both on the treated eye and, with a constant delay, on the contralateral one. This was interpreted as a combination of a local action and systemic absorption. The effects of chlorpromazien were more complex. This drug produced hypertension and a strong irritation on the treated eye as well as a hypotensive effect on the contralateral one. The rise in intraocular pressure was probably caused by irritation; the hypotensive effect by systemic absorption. The following drugs were inactive: amphetamine, chlorothiazide and pilocarpine. PMID- 1242330 TI - [Animal experiments on the "dysionic genesis of intrauterine malformations"]. AB - Pregnant rabbits were injected 12 mg 4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl-N-furfuryl-anthranilic acid (furosemide)/kg body weight from the first to the tenth day of pregnancy (o.p.). The serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium were determined on the 1st, 9th and 14th day o.p. The mother rabbits were killed on the 29th day of o.p., their foetuses were removed and the mucous membrane of the uterus was inspected for resorption sites. The foetuses were examined, the skeletons were stained and studied under the microscope. The results of the treated rabbits were compared with those of the control rabbits. The sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations of the treated rabbits were not lowered significantly. The haematocrite did not change during or after the treatment. The mothers gained weight continuously. The rates of resorption and malformation of the treated group were slightly raised. PMID- 1242331 TI - The occurrence of 3-hydroxy-phenprobamate, a new metabolite of phenprobamate, in dogs and humans. AB - 3-Hydroxy-phenprobamate has been isolated from the urine of dogs and humans following oral administration of phenprobamate. The structure of this new metabolite was determined by analysis of its spectral data and corroborated by an unequivocal synthesis. The relative concentration of this substance, as well as other neutral metabolites occurring in the urine, either in the free form or as the glucuronide conjugates, is presented for both species. The presence of 3 hydroxy-phenprobamate in human plasma, and its interference with phenprobamate plasma level analysis by a previously described colorimetric method, is discussed PMID- 1242332 TI - [Statistical evaluation of light protection factors]. AB - The protection against erythema belongs to the cosmetic effects which lend themselves to mathematical treatment. It is demonstrated -- on the basis of the optimal definitions given by Ellinger and Schulze -- that the calculation of the mean value of the light-protection factor Q as hitherto in use, does not correspond to the real frequency-distribution. On the contrary there exists, independent of the radiation source having sunlike characteristics and of the distance from the radiator, a binary-logarithmic standard distribution. With reference to the gradation principles of the human skin a transformation of the pertinent differences of area is necessary first, i.e. a transformation responding to the Gaussian standard distribution principle. Tables are presented concerning the transformation and the practical evaluation of the light protection factor Q. By aid of these tables a standardization of the factors Q measured by different authors has been attained as well as a standardized statistical-mathematical analysis. The investigation of the threshold dose producing erythema on the unprotected human skin has revealed a superposition of three frequency-distribution types (showing logarithmic distribution, too) having different standard deviations. The results of this entirely statistical classification permit a safe forecast: the sunburn protection inherent in the human skin is compounded of several contributing factors which are interconnected multiplicatively, not additively. PMID- 1242333 TI - [Pair differences-U-test. A distribution-free comparative study of two therapies]. AB - Distribution-free comparison of the effects of two therapies The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney test forms the basis for the following common test-problem according to which the U-test should be performed. On two rows of independent -- connected in parallell -- matched paired samples a continuous variable is determined. Observations on a single pair are contributed to the identical individuum. The question that arises is formulated as follows. Can the differences of a pair of the two rows of samples -- connect in parallel -- be distinguished from each other with regard to their location? To answer this question a modified application of the U-test is proposed. This test can be used to compare the efficacy of two different treatments. Other uses of this test are also possible. PMID- 1242334 TI - [Experimental psychological study of the effect of a hexobendine-etamivan etofylline combination]. AB - Instenon forte, a combination of hexobendine, etamivan and etofylline for treatment of cerebral vascular insufficiency, was tested in an experimental psychological study. Effects on performance, especially on functions related to driving, were investigated. The experimental group consisted of 15 male and 9 female, the control group of 15 male and 8 female students, aged between 17 and 25 years. All subjects were tested with the same series of psychological tests before and after long-term medication. The male subjects showed moderate increase of concentration performance and short-term memory under Instenon in various tests. Taking in complex traffic situations at a glance was significantly enhanced in the male experimental group, whereas reactive behavior under stress showed some impairment. In the female experimental group an increase of focal attention and an improvement of reactive behavior under stress was found, taking in complex traffic situations at a glance was impaired. The results of this study indicate that neither in female nor in male subjects a consistent positive or negative effect of Instenon on functions related to driving could be determined. Driving fitness in general is not influenced by Instenon in the dosage applied in young healthy volunteers. PMID- 1242335 TI - [Letter: The question of the stability of amphetaminil]. PMID- 1242336 TI - Aminorex and pulmonary circulation. PMID- 1242338 TI - [Problem of the evaluation of experimental research for clinical testing of new drugs in man]. AB - The differences in the implication of animal experimental results for the clinical investigation of drugs are pointed out. Interpretation of experimental data leaves a wide range to discretional decisions. These discretional decisions are tried to be defined as well as the terms "safety of drugs" and the "present state of science" used by legislative authorities. Pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and toxicological investigations are discussed which should be the basis for the first application to man. Moreover, further prerequisites for Phase I of Clinical Pharmacology are mentioned. The present experimental results, the limited number of patients and adaptation of dosage decrease the risk of serious complications to a minimum. PMID- 1242337 TI - [Preclinical research--toxicology]. AB - The different steps of the toxicological testing of new drugs are shortly described. Furthermore it is discussed that only 60-70% of the drug induced adverse reactions in man can be predicted by the experimental methods being available at present. Special problems exist in evaluating the results of reproductive-toxicological, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity tests. These problems are illustrated by some experimental and clinical examples. PMID- 1242339 TI - [Refinement of mensurational methods in human pharmacology]. AB - In healthy persons the changes in heart rate and myocardial contractility induced by oxprenolol and phentolamine are more marked in the erect position and during physical exertion then in recumbency. Similarly, a dose-effect relation with regarded to the negatively inotropic activity of oxprenolol is more readily detectable in the upright position. PMID- 1242340 TI - [Clinical-chemical studies in phase I of drug trials in man]. PMID- 1242341 TI - [Pharmacokinetics--questions of terminology and problems]. AB - Pharmacokinetics have become one indispensable tool in drug evaluation, clinical pharmacology and diagnostics. Therefore the basic principles of pharmacokinetics are outlined and pertinent definitions are given. Some scientific terms in this field are explained in order to facilitate interdisciplinary communication. The theoretical background of some practicable algorithms for obtaining pharmacokinetical parameters is described with the attempt of relying solely on the understanding usually induced by basic courses in biology, medicine and chemistry. It is demonstrated that the evaluation of pharmacokinetical analyses may only be interpreted in a context of any or all of these disciplines. Without this context pharmacokinetical results may remain mere mathematical descriptions of unknown mechanisms. PMID- 1242342 TI - [Analytical methods I]. AB - The most frequently used methods such as spectrophotometry, fluorometry, etc., for the analysis of drugs in biological fluids are compiled. The usefulness of quantitative chromatographical procedures is also mentioned. Reliability criteria of these assays are extensively discussed and some results are compared to those found by other methods like labelling and microbiology. PMID- 1242343 TI - [Use of spectroscopic methods in drug analysis]. AB - The use of spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, MS) for the investigation of drugs is demonstrated. Due to the high sensitivity mass spectrometry in combination with glass capillary gaschromatography seems to become in many cases the method of choice. The use of computers which are able to determine with the aid of key fragments partial structures of unknown metabolites will be a very promising technique in the the future. PMID- 1242344 TI - [Practical evaluation of methods in pharmacokinetics]. AB - A short discussion of the differences between kinetic processes of zero and first order is followed by an outline of evaluation methods used in pharmacokinetic practice, e.g. "paper and pencil methods" as well as the use of digital and analog computers. The increasing potency of new drugs requires not only more sophisticated methods of analysis and expensive facilities but also more complex models to generate pharmacokinetic information. PMID- 1242345 TI - [The use of an EDP time sharing system]. AB - Mathematical problems in pharmacokinetics can be solved in a simple and effective way by using a computer timesharing system. It is reasonable to make use of such a system because the capabilities of a large scale computer are available without the prerequisite of special knowledge in data processing. Besides the possibilities of individual and simple programming, there are predefined programs available to solve special problems: mathematical statistics, plotting of time series etc. PMID- 1242346 TI - [Biological availability]. AB - The term "bioavailability" is used to describe the actual percentage of a drug released from the dosage form, which reaches the receptor site in sufficient quantity to induce a biological effect. In this connection there are many problems arising in conjunction with the formulation of the preparation, as well as through the interaction of physiological and pathological factors. Prerequisite to the bioavailability of an orally administered preparation is, firstly, the quick disintegration of the dosage form, and secondly, the release and dissolution of the active substance. No in vitro methods for the examination of these factors have as yet been evolved which would allow a reliable prediction of bioavailability in man. Animal experiments only permit limited prognoses, since numerous influential factors, such as absorption from the intestine, metabolism and metabolic rates, influence of physical and mental stress, etc., strongly dependent upon the species. Bioavailability is determined using pharmacokinetical techniques on the area affected by the dose-response curve, or a combination of these methods. PMID- 1242347 TI - [Pharmacopsychologic studies on normal subjects for the prediction of the therapeutic efficiency of psychotropic drugs]. AB - The paper deals with some basic problems and possibilities of predicting the therapeutic efficiency of psychotropic drugs from studies in normal humans. Comparing drug studies with normal subjects and patients it seems evident that from a methodological and economical point of view studies with normal subjects have many advantages. However, the practical importance of drug studies with normal subjects is limited unless the therapeutic efficiency of a drug can be predicted. There are some arguments which deny the possibility of prediction, e.g. referring to the lack of comparability of dosages, administration regimens, situational parameters and psychosomatic states between normal subjects and patients. Discussing such arguments it is pointed out that perfect comparability of all these factors is not a necessary prerequisite of prediction. A number of theoretically possible models for predicting therapeutic efficiency is suggested. For some of them there already exists some empirical evidence. The first model takes into account the inter- and intra- individual variability of behavior. It is suggested that a state corresponding to the psychosomatic state of patients be approximated, or simulated, in the normal subjects by suitable selection procedures of subjects or by manipulation of the experimental conditions. The usefulness of such a model for predicting therapeutic efficiency has been shown in many studies with anti-anxiety agents. In another model the drug profiles of normal subjects and patients are compared and the prediction is based upon drug effects in normal subjects which can also be seen in patients and which have a high correlation to the patients' improvement. A further model assumes that improvement is partly the result of learning processes. The prediction of therapeutic efficiency is, therefore, based upon the properties of a drug to facilitate or inhibit learning processes. The final two models proposed, predict limitations of therapeutic efficiency. The one model takes into account side effects; the other the variability of drug response due to situational and person parameters. PMID- 1242348 TI - [The role of clinical psychiatry in the development of new drugs]. AB - A survey is given from a clinically working psychiatrist's point of view on principal aspects of the development of new psychotropic drugs. The comparison with the other medical branches shows, that clinico-pharmacological investigations and clinical trials play an important role in the development of new psychotropic drugs. 1. The importance of clinical screenings for the development of new psychotropic drugs is stated by means of a comparative analysis of the pre-clinical and clinical screening methods. In this connection, the importance of animal experiments, biochemical and pharmaco-psychological findings is reported. 2. The particular difficulties of characterizing the effectiveness of potential psychotropic drugs are explained based on the problems of placebo effects, of the unspecific influence on psychotropic drug effects and by means of the socalled "main and side" effects of these drugs. 3. The principles of psychiatric ratings and of data documentation are explained with the aid of different examples. PMID- 1242349 TI - [Detection of side effects by systematic and programmed research]. AB - The need for data on efficacy and rate of adverse reactions after the admission of drugs for common use has become obvious in recent years, in order to evaluate benefit and risk in the long run. Due to the lack of knowledge severe hazards were realized rather late in the past. To improve this unsatisfactory situation it will be useful to explore different ways to get a systematic registration of harmful reactions. None of the procedures known so far for this purpose have been proven to provide sufficient information when used single. In the future voluntary reporting, hospital monitoring and a drug surveillance program may be included in a cooperative system to discover the seldom and unforseen diasters by drugs as early as possible. Much effort will be necessary to reach this aim. One among other useful techniques is the procedure developed by the "Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program", which is discussed in some detail. It is thought to improve chances for the detection of certain associations between drug usage and health dangers in short-term as well as long-term treatments. These would allow for preventive measures. It has to be stressed, however, that protection cannot be expected for every event but is limited at least to the drugs monitored and to the hazards recognised. PMID- 1242350 TI - [Systematic collection of drug side effects]. AB - An "Intensive Drug Monitoring" System has been established in collaboration of the Departments of Internal Medicine, Biometrics and Pharmacology of the Medical College Hannover. It is based on the hypothesis-free collection of therapy data as well as clinical symptoms and chemical parameters which may be side-effects of drugs. The procedure is described in detail. The advantages of "Intensive Drug Monitoring" are emphasized. Such systems especially should be used to answer specified questions. Besides "Intensive Drug Monitoring" the necessity of "Spontaneous Monitoring" of adverse drug effects is argued. PMID- 1242351 TI - [Effectiveness and safety of drugs from the viewpoint of the Drug Commission]. AB - Aims and duties of the Arzneimittelkommission from the very first in 1911 have served the efficacy and safety of drugs, so the 1961 started system to collect and evaluate adverse effects of drug therapy in the medical practice and hospital. Development and objects of this system are presented. PMID- 1242352 TI - [Evaluation of side effects]. AB - The calculation of the benefit-risk-ratio of drugs is discussed on the basis of examples of side effects of different grades of severity. The 4 categories of side effects which are more difficult to be evaluated. The "Stufenplan" is described, which is used for the coordination of necessary preventive measures when side effects of drugs are noticed. PMID- 1242353 TI - [Discussion on the "Inclusion of normal probands and patients in clinical pharmacological studies"]. PMID- 1242354 TI - Structure and action of saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. II. Metabolic actions of saikosaponins, especially a plasma cholesterol-lowering action. AB - Several metabolic actions of saikosaponins isolated from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. were examined using albino rats. Hepatic protein synthesis from leucine-14C(U) was enhanced. Glycogen content in the liver was increased, but oxidation of glucose-14C(U) in the liver was not changed. Elevation of plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and p-ospholipids by cholesterol feeding was reduced. Although hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis from acetate-1-14C of glucose-14C(U) were stimulated, the elimination of i.p. injected cholesterol-4 14C from plasma was acclerated. Fecal excretion of i.p. injected cholesterol-4 14C, expressed as total-14C including bile acids-14C and neutral sterols-14C, was increased. Among the saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L., saikosaponins a and d, but not c, had metabolic actions as well as anti inflammatory action. These metabolic actions and anti-inflammatory action of saikosaponins may confirm the clinical application of Bupleurum falcatum L, which has been widely used in the prescriptions of the oriental medicine, and may suggest possible mechanisms for the actions of its active principles. PMID- 1242355 TI - [The stability of amphetaminil. Syntheses with amphetaminil (author's transl)]. AB - Amphetaminil (AN 1), chemically an alpha-phenyl-alpha-[(1-methyl-2-phenyl) ethylamino]-acetonitrile (1), i.e. a derivative of alpha-aminonitrile, is stable under experimental conditions of preparation, reacting to neither acid nor alkali. It is a uniform substance, and it can be led to derivatives, such as derivatives of acryl (8-13) which are splittable into the corresponding alpha amino-acid (7). It yields the corresponding hydantoin (4) and it is split up by oxidation with hydrogenperoxide in alkaline medium into an amide (14). These changes and the occurrence of amphetaminil--both under soft and energetic conditions of preparation--make it most improbable to split up easily amphetamine in the organism. Therefore, the existence of amphetamine under chromatographical conditions proves trace elements which are conditioned by use of disproportionately high quantities of solvents. These small quantities are practically irrelevant in case of preparation. They cannot be registered by preparations. PMID- 1242356 TI - New tricyclic enamine derivatives with CNS depressant properties. AB - 63 tricyclic enamine derivatives were synthetized and pharmacologically tested. Many of the screened compounds showed remarkable CNS depressant chlorpromazine like activities. The compounds no. 9 (substituents CH3, Cl, H), 18 (substituents CH3, F, H) and 27 substituents CH3, OCH3, H) resulted the most interesting and were studied in comparison with chlorpromazine and chlordiazepoxide. They were submitted to further studies in view of trials in humans. PMID- 1242357 TI - [MASCA-model of the biochemical-pharmacological drug research. Part 2: Multivariate test criterions and methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242358 TI - [Demonstration of the long term action of an oral retard preparation of verapamil in the conscious dog]. AB - 1. In the conscious dog the duration of action of verapamil, usual galenic preparation (Isoptin, Cordilox), and of verapamil retard (Isoptin retard: verapamil mixed and pressed with the swelling agent sodium alginate) was tested by measuring the blood pressure decrease occurring with higher dosage. Furthermore lead II of the ECG was recorded. 2. Already 2 h after oral application of verapamil retard a significant action is observed. As had been expected verapamil retard shows a slightly protracted onset of action compared to verapamil. 3. At the end of the test period, 12 h after administration, the effect of verapamil retard is still significant. In equipotent dosage its duration of action is clearly superior to that of conventional verapamil dragees. 4. During the period of 2 h to 12 h the intensity of action of verapamil retard shows only slight variations; significant differences could not be detected. 5. Verapamil mixed and pressed with sodium alginate, used as swelling substance and food additive, is an adequate preparation which allows the oral administration of verapamil with very long duration and almost constant intensity of action. PMID- 1242359 TI - Preliminary toxicological investigations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMG). I: Study of acute toxicity and of teratogenic activity in rats and mice. AB - The acute toxicity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMG) was studied in mice. The LD50 was shown to be 7.33 g/kg p.o. and 3.23 g/kg i.p. Subtoxic and pharmacological doses applied to mice and rats during gestation did not induce malformation of the foetuses and offspring and did not affect the reproductive performances of the dams. This compound is being investigated for its hypolipidemic activity. PMID- 1242360 TI - Clopimozide (R 29 764), a new highly potent and orally long-acting neuroleptic of the diphenylbutylpiperidine series. AB - Clopimozide (R 29 764), 5-chloro-1-(4-[4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-piperidyl) 2-benzimidazolinone, is a new member of the potent and long-acting series of diphenylbutylpiperidine neuroleptics of which pimozide is the prototype, In animals the pharmacological profile of R 29 764 resembles that of typical neuroleptic compounds. R29 764 is very potent by oral route and has an extremely long duration of action. The onset of action of clopimozide is relatively fast, it is already very potent after 4 h and, in the procedures described, reaches its peak effect 24 h after administration. In spite of the high potency and long duration of action clopimozide is relatively atoxic. The safety margin, calculated as the ratio between the acute LD50 value and the lowest ED50 value is larger than or equal to 15.000 in rats and greater than 7.250 in dogs. Qualitatively, R 29 764 is more closely related to haloperidol, pimozide and penfluridol than to chlorpromazine. The side effect liability is expected to be very low, when hypotensive, autonomic and undesirable neurological side effects are concerned. PMID- 1242361 TI - Bone marrow involvement in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomata. AB - The frequency, clinical settings and histopathological correlations of bone marrow involvement in the non-Hodgkin's group of malignant lymphomata is presented. The importance of formal bone marrow biopsy is stressed. The overall frequency of involvement in a prospectively studied group of 109 patients is 41%. In one subgroup, those with nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated lymphoma, the incidence is 85% in previously untreated patients. PMID- 1242362 TI - Management of generalized malignant lymphomata with "systemic" radiotherapy. AB - The natural history of lymphocytic lymphomata is such that anatomical generalization of disease is usually present at the time of diagnosis. Tumour infiltration of extralymphatic sites such as the liver and bone marrow is identifiable with particular frequency in those cases presenting with lymph node manifestations of disease. Even in the absence of detectable extralymphatic dissemination, the lymphatic involvement is often sufficiently diffuse to mitigate against extensive lymph node irradiation "a la Hodgkin's disease" as appropriate or technically feasible form of treatment. Rather, systemic treatment must be recognized as imperative for the majority of newly diagnosed patients and we have investigated "systemic" radiotherapy as an alternative to chemotherapy during the past decade. Our experience with 57 consecutive patients with lymphocytic lymphoma has been reviewed. Total body irradiation (TBI) has been found to yield high remission rates despite a lack of serious toxicity or constitutional reactions. Rigorous diagnostic staging was not employed but despite the advanced stage of disease which was clinically obvious in most cases, survival rates have been strikingly high. Actuarially calculated 5-year survival rates for the well differentiated (diffuse and nodular combined), nodular poorly differentiated and diffuse poorly differentiated subtypes are 85%, 69% and 51% respectively. Furthermore, initial management with radio-therapy as described has not negated with effective use of subsequent chemotherapy when selectively required. PMID- 1242363 TI - Interaction between hydroxystilbamidine and DNA. I. Binding isotherms and thermodynamics of the association. AB - Isotherms describing the binding of hydroxystilbamidine to DNA and polydeoxyribonucleotides were obtained by means of sedimentation or dialysis experiments and fluorescence measurements, over a large range of ionic strengths, temperatures and base compositions. Two different sets of binding sites are necessary to explain the shapes of the isotherms. The first one is characterized by a higher binding constant, a topological specificity for the A-T pair, exclusion of four base pairs per bound dye molecule, the involvement of two ion pairs, an almost purely entropic free energy of binding and a large enhancement of the blue fluorescence (450 nm) when the site corresponds to three adjacent A-T pairs. The latter does not present any specificity nor enhancement of fluorescence and only one ion-pair is formed. From the geometry of the dye and its selective binding to a double stranded structure, the hydroxystilbamidine molecule in the first set of sites is likely to be situated in the small groove astride the two complementary strands and slightly distorting the helical structure. The angle of the dye axis with the helix axis has a value close to 47 degrees. No definite explanation could be given for the specific binding of hydroxystilbamidine but the phenolic hydroxyl group is likely to play a major role. The hydroxystilbamidine molecule can be considered as a useful tool for checking the accessibility of the small groove. PMID- 1242364 TI - Interaction between hydroxystilbamidine and DNA. II. Temperature jump relaxation study. Dynamics of nucleic acids and polynucleotides. AB - A temperature-jump relaxation study of the interaction of hydroxystilbamidine with DNA and synthetic polynucleotides has been performed. Two concentration dependent relaxation times tau1 and tau2 have been observed in the submillisecond range when detecting relaxation effects by means of light absorption. The longer of these two times (tau1) is also observed when using "blue" or "red" fluorescence detection. In the longer time scale the "red" fluorescence shows no other relaxation but the blue fluorescence shows two additional relaxation processes (tau3 and tau4) which correspond to an increase of fluorescence with temperature and which are independent of concentration. The experimental results clearly indicate that tau1 and tau2 are associated with the binding of the dye to strong and weak binding sites, respectively. A kinetic model is given to explain the results. It allows the determination of the four rate constants for the two binding reactions and yields equilibrium association constants in good agreement with those obtained from stoichiometric studies. The study of the effect of temperature, nature of the polymer, ionic strength and fraction of bound dye on tau3 and tau4 indicates that the dye acts only as a "blue" fluorescence probe of some processes involving the DNA or polynucleotide alone. These processes appear to be related with the dynamic structure of the polymers. PMID- 1242365 TI - [A system for automatic differential analysis of leucocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242366 TI - [An interactive multi-programming system for various cardiological tasks (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242367 TI - [Comparative investigations of the physical and technical limitations of videodensitometry and cinedensitometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242368 TI - [An easily practicable method for absolute determination of electron energies up to more than 40 mev using the cerenkov effect (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242369 TI - [A practicable method for measuring volume employing the x-ray image and a microcalculator (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242370 TI - [Experimental studies in pigs on mortality due to sinusoidal and phase-controlled alternating and rectified currents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242371 TI - Benzo (a) pyrene uptake by normal and by tumour cells in vitro. AB - A method for determining the quantitative uptake of benzo(a)pyrene/B(a)P/by cells in culture is described. B(a)P uptake is very rapid and increases with concentration. The amount of B(a)P taken up by normal or by tumour cells depends on the cell type, and also, on the species from which they were derived. PMID- 1242373 TI - The dependence of annulate lamellae formation on the nucleus in parthenogenetic rabbit eggs. AB - Previously it has been shown that, in the rabbit, although annulate lamellae (AL) are absent in the follicular oocytes, they appear in the fertilized eggs after the formation of the pronuclei. Furthermore, neither pronuclei nor AL appear when unfertilized eggs are aged in vivo or in vitro. This study was undertaken to determine whether AL formation requires presence of an intact nucleus, or whether the sperm alone contains the stimulatory factors essential to AL synthesis. Rabbit eggs were exposed to 10 degrees C, then incubated for 24 hours. Control eggs were incubated without cold-treatment. Electron microscopic observations indicated that two-thirds of the eggs formed one to two 'pronuclei', or subnuclei. The remainder one-third of the cold-treated eggs and the control eggs failed to form 'pronuclei'. AL were present in large amounts only in those activated eggs (parthenogenones) which formed 'pronuceli.' AL were absent in the control and the non-activated experimental eggs, both of which failed to form a 'pronucleus.' A few small AL were observed in eggs with subnuclei. Condensed fine textured nucleoli appeared precociously during cold-treatment in some eggs and they were present in the 'pronuclei' of activated eggs. It was concluded that the sperm is not necessary for AL formation, but the presence of an intact nucleus is mandatory. PMID- 1242374 TI - [Modification of stool frequency through differently prepared milk. Clinical observation of subjects with various types of milk intolerance]. PMID- 1242375 TI - Mechanism of the intestinal absorption of drugs from oil in water emulsions. V. Enhanced absorption of methyl orange adsorbed at oil/water interface in emulsions. PMID- 1242372 TI - Behavioral and biochemical interactions of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine with various drugs when administered intracisternally to adult and developing rats. AB - Intracisternal administration of 200 mug of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) caused a prolonged reduction of brain serotonin which was accompanied by a depletion of brain norepinephrine. The depletion of norepinephrine was found to be antagonized by agents that inhibit uptake of norepinephrine as well as by several monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Intracisternal injections of 5,7-DHT (75 or 100 mug) to 7-day-old neonatal rats reduced brain serotonin and norepinephrine and produced a significant reduction of adult body weight. As in adults, pretreatment of neonatal rats with pargyline or desipramine prevented 5,7-DHT induced depletion of norepinephrine without affecting depletion of serotonin. Behaviorally, treatment of adult rats with 5,7-DHT facilitated acquisition of an active avoidance task and enhanced muricidal behavior. 5,7-DHT treatment was also found to enhance the depressant effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on a fixed-ratio barpress response, suggesting that 5,7-DHT treated rats are supersensitive to serotonin in the central nervous system. PMID- 1242377 TI - Antimuscarinic action of an alkane-bis-ammonium compound alone and in combination with (+)-benzetimide. AB - Heptane-1,7-bis-(dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropylammonium bromide) ('C7/3 phthalimido-propyl') in concentrations of 10(-7) to 0.5 X 10(-3) inhibited negative inotropic responses to carbachol or acetylcholine to a similar extent in the electrically stimulated isolated guinea-pig left atrium. However, the degree of antagonism of responses to carbachol was less than expected for a competitive antagonist when the higher concentrations of 'C7/3-phthalimido-propyl' were employed. When 'C7/3-phthalimido-propyl' was combined with competitive antagonists such as (+)-benzetimide, atropine or homatropine the degree of antagonism was greater than expected for combination of 2 competitive antagonists. Qualitatively similar results were obtained in the presence of practolol (1.5 X 10(-5) M). The results obtained with 'C7/3-phthalimido-propyl' are shown to agree with theoretical predictions for a metaffinoid antagonist which influences the affinities of both agonists and competitive antagonists by combining with a regulatory site distinct from, but interdependent with the binding sites for agonists and competitive antagonists. Further, it is shown that the alkane-bis-ammonium compound produces a much greater reduction in the affinity of carbachol than that of the competitive antagonists and as a consequence causes 'supra-additive' effects when combined with a competitive antagonist. The reduction in the affinity of (+)-benzetimide produced by 'C7/3 phthalimido-propyl' did not differ significantly from the reduction in the affinities of atropine or homatropine. PMID- 1242376 TI - [Endoscopic-radiological demonstration of the gastrointestinal lymph nodes and lymph vessels]. AB - Using an intragastric contrast medium (Lipiodol) the paragastric lymph nodes of 23 patients were lymphangiographed prior to laparotomy. The patients suffered from gastric or duodenal ulcers (15 cases), postresectional ulcers (3 cases), or gastric carcinoma (5 cases). The surgically resected material was examined by radiological and histological techniques. The following results were obtained: 1. After application of the contrast medium the paragastric lymph nodes could firstly be seen 5 hours later and even after 7 days and more. 2. The radiographs presented typical storage phenomena with granular or clod-like structures as an equivalent of the inflammatory lymph node alterations. Histologically a marked sinus catarrh with lipid laden reticulum cells and multinuclear giant cells of the foreign body types was observed. 3. In gastric carcinoma characteristic storage defects up to complete destruction of the lymph nodes were found as a roentgenological equivalent of lymph nodes metastases. In addition there were occasionally abnormal courses of the lymphatic vessels with variations in diameter and bizarre storage formations. 4. The described method provides a helpful tool in the diagnosis of gastric lesions. No side effects have been observed. PMID- 1242378 TI - Comparative effects of (+)- and (-)-isomers of propranolol and INPEA on (+) tubocurarine- and succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade. AB - The effects of the (+)- and (-)-isomers of propranolol and INPEA on the neuromuscular blocking action of (+)-tubocurarine and succinylcholine were studied in the tibialis anterior-peroneal nerve preparation of the rabbit and the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat. (+)-Tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular blockade was intensified by (+)- and (-)-isomers of INPEA whereas it was unaffected by isomers of propranolol in both preparations. In the rabbit tibialis anterior-peroneal nerve preparation, only the (-)-isomers of propranolol and INPEA increased the duration of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade without affecting its magnitude. Higher doses of both (+)- and (-) isomers of propranolol and INPEA potentiated succinylcholine-induced blockade in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. The results obtained indicate that only the increase in duration of succinylcholine-induced blockade with beta adrenoceptor blockers can be related to beta-blocking property of these compounds. PMID- 1242379 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells by fluorocitrate. AB - Fluorocitrate is a specific inhibitor of aconitase activity (EC 4.2.1.3). It causes an inhibition of citric acid cycle reactions and consequently reduces the oxygen consumption, as well as the total volume of oxidative phosphorylations. Experiments using 3H-thymidine incorporation into mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells proved that the in vitro blocking of citric acid cycle by fluorocitrate (3.6 and 7.2 mM) was accompanied by a decrease in DNA synthesis by 40 to 60 percent, as compared to control cells. A similar inhibitory effect upon DNA synthesis was also found in cells cultured in the abdominal cavity of host mice injected intraperitoneally with 5 mg./kg. of sodium fluoroacetate. Following the injection, fluorocitrate is formed in vivo by way of Peters' lethal synthesis. PMID- 1242380 TI - Fine structural investigation of the insemination response in Urechis caupo. PMID- 1242381 TI - Variations in the amounts of RNA polymerase forms I, II and III during preimplantation development in the mouse. PMID- 1242382 TI - Qualitative patterns of protein synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo. II. During release from facultative delayed implantation. PMID- 1242383 TI - Convulsion following intrathecal cephaloridine. AB - Following therapeutic intrathecal administration of cephaloridine to an 11-day old premature infant with suspected meningitis, a generalized tonic convulsion was observed. Symptoms continued to subside over the next six hours, followed by postictal sleep. That convulsion and other symptoms were due to cephaloridine was confirmed when the second intrathecal administration produced the same symptom. Because of its possible damaging effect on CNS, it is strongly suggested that cephaloridine should not be administered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid space. PMID- 1242384 TI - HL-A antigens in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - An increased frequency of HL-A 1 and HL-A 8 was found in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, whem compared to a control group from the same geographic area, and drawn from a pool of subjects attending one diagnostic centre. Furthermore, an increased incidence of W15 and W17 was found in Hashimoto's thyroiditis; however, these were not detected in any patient with Graves' disease. PMID- 1242385 TI - Oil coating of dietary protein for the ruminant. AB - Diets containing expeller-extracted linseed meal treated with corn oil, lard or coconut oil were fed to lambs to determine the effectiveness of coating the protein in reducing its ruminal degradation. Three common indicators of nitrogen metabolism in the ruminant were used in evaluation: ruminal ammonia, blood plasma ammonia and plasma urea. Eight crossbred lambs, averaging 27 kg in weight, were allotted to the four diets which were fed at a rate of 350 g at 12-hour intervals. Ruminal ammonia, plasma ammonia and plasma urea were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hr after feeding. Lambs consuming coconut oil-treated linseed meal produced less rumen ammonia (average of .5 mg/100 ml across all collection times) than those fed normal linseed meal (10.3 mg/100 ml). Lambs fed corn oil-treated and lard-treated linseed meal had ruminal ammonia levels intermediate to those fed normal and coconut oil-treated linseed meal. Levels of plasma ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen of normal linseed meal were significantly higher than the same measures with the oil-treated linseed meals. Differences in plasma ammonia and urea nitrogen were not significant among the three oil-treated diets. PMID- 1242386 TI - Chronic intussusception associated with ileocecal lymphosarcoma. AB - A 1011/12-year-old boy with chronic ileocolic intussusception associated with ileocecal lymphosarcoma was decribed. The patient had abdominal pain of 3 months' duration, vomiting, and a firm mass with smooth surface in the right lower abdomen. Barium enema showed intussusception at the distal part of the ascending colon, which was irreducible by hydrostatic pressure. Barium by mouth revealed markedly distended small intestines, which were displaced to the left abdomen. The tumor was inoperable, and the boy died. PMID- 1242387 TI - Appearance of paoproteins of pulmonary surfactant in human amniotic fluid. AB - We have isolated and partially characterized the protein found in surface-active material from adult human lungs, and have determined the time of appearance of this protein in amniotic fluid. Fluids were drawn at gestational ages from 12 to 44 wk, and were assayed for their concentration of apoprotein by an agglutination immunoassay. Surfactant apoprotein ((defined as that protein which is reproducibly found in purified preparations of surface active material) was usually first detected from 30 to 32 wk gestation, and its concentration increased almost fivefold to a maximum at 37 wk. The change in apoprotein concentration was approximately paralleled by the change in phospholipid concentration. At all gestational ages there was wide variability in both phospholipid and apoprotein concentrations, and the time of appearance of the apoprotein in amniotic fluid differed among fetuses. The results suggest that the presence of surfactant apoprotein in amniotic fluid is coincident with the biochemical and morphological maturation of the fetal lung, and are additional evidence that this apoprotein is cosecreted with the lipids of surface-active material. PMID- 1242388 TI - Oxygen-induced changes in pulmonary phospholipids in the rat. AB - The composition and synthesis of alveolar and lung tissue phospholipids were investigated in normal and oxygen-poisoned rat lungs. Sixty-hour exposure to oxygen increased the total amount of phospholipids in the endobronchial extracts and lung tissue. Phosphatidyl glycerol was identified in both endobronchial extracts and lung tissue. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids in surfactant lecithin and phosphatidyl glycerol was slightly increased in oxygen-poisoned lungs whereas the composition of phospholipids in the endobronchial extracts was not affected by oxygen. After intraperitoneal administration of [32P]phosphate the specific activities of surfactant lecithin and phosphatidyl glycerol were clearly lower in oxygen-treated animals whereas the specific activities of lung tissue lecithin and phosphatidyl glycerol remained unaffected. The synthesis of lecithin from [14C]methionine through N-methyltransferase pathway was markedly depressed in lung slices but increased in liver tissue taken from oxygen-poisoned rats and incubated under oxygen indicating a difference between lung and liver methyltransferase enzymes. In conclusion, the present work suggests impaired synthesis and removal of alveolar phospholipids in oxygen-poisoned rats. PMID- 1242389 TI - Correlation of long-acting thyroid stimulator with serum levels of tri iodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin in Graves' disease. PMID- 1242390 TI - Opposite effects of dexamethasone on serum concentrations of 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (reverse T3) and 3,3'5-triiodothyronine (T3). AB - Dexamethasone, 2 mg every 6 hours for 4 doses, was given to 4 hypothyroid patients receiving treatment with synthetic thyroxine (T4) and to 8 untreated hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease, and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassays. Serum concentration of 3,3'5' triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) increased appreciably within 8 hours after the first dose of dexamethasone, was maximum at 24-32 hours after beginning dexamethasone, and remained elevated for about 24 hours after discontinuing the steroid. The mean baseline serum rT3 was 58 ng/per 100 ml in treated hypothyroid patients and 119 ng per 100 ml in patients with Graves' disease; the corresponding maximal post-dexamethasone serum rT3 values were 87 and 170 serum concentration of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) decreased. The decrease in serum T3 was significant at about 24 hours after beginning dexamethasone and was maximal at about 30 hours in both groups of cases under study. The decrease in serum T3 persisted in treated hypothyroid cases for about 24-48 hours and in Graves' disease cases as long as studied, at least 5 days after discontinuing hexamethasone. The changes in serum rT3 and T3 could not be attributed to the effect of dexamethasone on serum protein binding of the iodothyronines because the dialyzable fractions of rT3 and T3 following steroid administration were not different from those before it. Serum T4 did not change appreciably in treated hypothyroid cases, but decreased in Graves' disease cases from a mean baseline value of 23.5 mug per 100 ml to 18.4 mug per 100 ml 3 days after beginning dexamethasone. In addition, 3 hyperthyroid cases were studied before, during, and after administration of dexamethasone, 2 mg every 6 h for 5 days. Serum rT3 increased again as noted above and the increase persisted until about 24 hours after the last dose of the steroid. Serum T3 decreased considerably and remained decreased as long as studied, at least 4 days after discontinuing the steroid. Serum T4 decreased appreciably in 2 of the 3 cases studied. The data suggest that 1) conversion of T4 to T3 and to rT3 may occur via two distinct pathways in the metabolism of T4; 2) the changes in serum rT3 and T3 observed in our study may be due in part at least to a steroid-induced 'shift' in the metabolism of T4 whereby conversion of T4 to T3 is diminished and that to rT3 is enhanced; 3) in addition to the effect on peripheral metabolism of T4, steroids appear to reduce the circulating thyroid hormones in Graves' disease by another mechanism, probably by reduction in thyroid secretion. PMID- 1242391 TI - Tropical canine pancytopenia: role of aplastic anaemia in the pathogenesis of severe disease. PMID- 1242392 TI - Determinations of nonprotein nitrogen content of cheese whey. AB - Nonprotein nitrogen in pooled sweet (Cheddar and Dagano) and acid (cottage) wheys was estimated by currently proposed dialysis and chemical precipitation methods. Kjeldahl nitrogen analyses of (a) membrane retentates after water dialysis, and (b) 12% trichloroacetic acid plus .2% phosphotungstic acid filtrates indicated that nonprotein nitrogen values vary significantly with the method of sample preparation. Membrane porosity influence nonprotein nitrogen values for molecular weight cut-offs of 3500, 6000 to 8000 and 12,000 to 14,000. Dialyzable nitrogen values with all membranes were lower than 12% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen for both wheys and higher than the 12% trichloroacetic acid + .2% phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen for all but the 3500 molecular weight cut off membrane. The dialyzable nonprotein nitrogen fraction was heterogeneous but more that 80% was less than 3500 in molecular weight. PMID- 1242393 TI - Role of the blood-brain barrier in the anticholinergic differential effects on LH and prolactin release in proestrous rats. AB - The effects of homatropine and atropine on plasma LH and prolactin (PRL) levels during the afternoon of pro-oestrus were investigated. Homatropine methylbromide was unable to block the spontaneous increase of LH but prevented the prolactin surge in pro-oestrous rats at doses of 450 and 700 mg/kg s.c. Atropine sulphate blocked both LH and PRL at doses of 450 and 700 mg/kg s.c. These two anticholinergics when injected into the 3rd ventricle (250 mug/rat) blocked the pro-oestrus increase of LH and inhibited PRL. Pharmacological experiments were performed in parallel and the injection of either homatropine or atropine (450 mg/kg s.c.) resulted in the abolishment of peripheral toxic signs induced by pilocarpine (50 mg/kg s.c.) whereas its central toxic signs were prevented by atropine but not by homatropine. Our findings suggest that the difference in action of systemic injections of atropine and homatropine on LH and PRL release is explained by a relatively low permeability of homatropine to the brain. Therefore, cholinergic LH-controlling mechanisms may be situated above the median eminence and those related to PRL placed outside the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 1242394 TI - Proceedings: Endocrine exophthalmos treated by orbital decompression. PMID- 1242395 TI - Defective phagocytosis due to deficiencies involving the tetrapeptide tuftsin. AB - A description of the symptoms and causes of tuftsin deficiency is presented. Two major causes which give rise to a deficiency of the tetrapeptide (thr-lys-pro arg) are discussed. One is familial tuftsin deficiency syndrome that results from an inherited mutation involving the tetrapeptide. All patients give a history of repeated infection with variable severity. One parent, father or mother, is deficient and occasionally other siblings may have the disease. The other type of deficiency is the result of loss of splenic function whether it is due to surgical removal of the spleen and to infarction or infiltration of the organ. A method for the assay of tuftsin activity is described. PMID- 1242396 TI - Effect of parenterally injected benzimidazole compounds on Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia crassiceps metacestodes in laboratory animals. AB - In mice infected with metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps, the following compounds were at least partially effective when injected intraperitoneally at the dosage indicated: cambendazole (500 mg/kg), mebendazole (6.25 mg/kg), oxibendazole (500 mg/kg), 5-benzamido-2(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (500 mg/kg), 2-carboethoxyamino benzimidazole (125 mg/kg), and 2-carbomethoxyamino benzimidazole (500 mg/kg). The following were inactive at the dosage indicated: parbendazole (500 mg/kg), thiabendazole (1,000 mg/kg), and fenbendazole (1,000 mg/kg). Mebendazole, which showed some activity at 6.25 mg/kg, was highly active as a single intraperitoneal dose at 25 mg/kg. When injected subcutaneously, mebendazole was much less active than when given intraperitoneally. In mice infected with metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis, intraperitoneal injection of mebendazole at 75 to 150 mg/kg, daily for 3 days, was highly effective (95 to 100% reduction in cyst mass). In contrast, oral administration at 1,000 mg/kg, daily for 3 days, was only partially effective. The drug was also effective when given intraperitoneally to infected cotton rats. A water-soluble benzimidazole, carboxymethyleneamino cambendazole, was approximately 50% effective in mice when injected daily for 3 days at a dosage of 75 or 150 mg/kg. The results suggest that, in metacestode infections of medical importance, it may be possible to kill the parasite by delivering a drug to its immediate vicinity, and so to reduce the required dosage with respect to the host. PMID- 1242397 TI - [Studies on anti-inflammatory agents. XXIX. Inhibitory effects of Tinoridine on release of lysosome enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242398 TI - [Unusual preparation for cholecystography: the fatty meal]. PMID- 1242399 TI - Natural antibodies directed against murine lymphosarcoma cells. AB - Natural antibodies reacting in a test of complement-dependent cytotoxicity with untreated murine lymphosarcoma cells of thymic origin were found in murine sera. Normal thymus cells were unaffected and unable to absorb the serum activity. The natural antibodies were IgM-like and stable at 56 degrees C. They were not uniformly distributed in the studied strains, and high (C3H/He and C3Hf), intermediate (AKR and CBA/J), and low level strains (BALB/c, DBA/2, C57BL, and C57BL/6J) were found. Hybrids between a high (C3Hf) and a low level strain (C57BL) had the same response as the parental C3Hf mice. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between cytotoxicity of, and susceptibility to, serum of lymphoma cells in a given strain, which suggested that an immunologic modulation was at work. Embryonic cells absorbed the cytotoxic activity of the normal serum. PMID- 1242400 TI - Letter: Chloramphenicol today. PMID- 1242401 TI - Letter: Status asthmaticus. PMID- 1242402 TI - Letter: Mechanical ventilation techniques. PMID- 1242403 TI - Letter: Pulmonary fibrosis and dermatomyositis. PMID- 1242405 TI - Letter: Medullary cystic disease vs nephrophthisis. PMID- 1242404 TI - Letter: Abnormal menstrual bleeding. PMID- 1242406 TI - Letter: Note on a biblical headache. PMID- 1242407 TI - Letter: Reliability of SMA-12. PMID- 1242408 TI - Physician reporting of driver impairment. Searching for answers. PMID- 1242409 TI - Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. An occasionally overlooked cause of surgical failure in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - In six surgically proved intrathyroidal parathyroid tumors, neither thyroid scan nor gross appearance of the thyroid at surgery allowed reliable detection of parathyroid glands wholly within the thyroid. Preoperative selective catheterization of thyroid veins with radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone facilitated successful removal of hyperfunctioning intrathyroidal parathyroid tissue in all five cases in which it was performed. PMID- 1242410 TI - Therapeutic balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava. AB - Thirty-five patients with venous thromboembolism and indication for inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption were treated by experimental balloon occlusion. Experience with this group resulted in the development of a method and equipment to allow transjugular obstruction of the IVC in the awake patient receiving anticoagulants. The study showed that the new method is atraumatic even when applied to sick patients, that it permits simultaneous treatment with anticoagulants and venous occlusion, and that long-term results (to more than four years) are excellent. PMID- 1242411 TI - Transient atrioventricular standstill. Etiology and management. AB - Four patients with different clinical conditions had transient cardiac standstill for periods of up to 22.5 seconds. All patients showed signs of cerebral ischemia and required cardiac resuscitation. In one patient, the standstill was thought to be the result of a transient increase in the vagal tone, and no long-term therapy was required. In the second patient, cardiac standstill occurred during hospitalization for impending myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography followed by coronary artery surgery was performed, and there was no further episodes of standstill. In the third patient, standstill was probably related to long-term ingestion of propranolol hydrochloride, and was not observed after this medication was discontinued. In the fourth patient, standstill was the result of the sick sinus syndrome, and a permanent pacemaker was inserted. Standstill of both atria and ventricles may occur under different clinical settings, and management of arrhythmia should be guided by thf etiology of the arrhythmia. PMID- 1242412 TI - Effect of television violence on children and youth. AB - One hundred forty-six articles in behavioral science journals, representing 50 studies involving 10,000 children and adolescents from every conceivable background, all showed that violence viewing produces increased aggressive behavior in the young and that immediate remedial action in terms of television programming is warranted. Four major issues are covered: effects on learning, emotional effects, the question of catharsis, and effects on aggressive behavior. The research findings regarding each of these issues are summarized, as well as the controversial 1972 Surgeon General's report, Television and Social Behavior. The time is long past due for a major, organized cry of protest from the medical profession in relation to what, in political terms, I consider a national scandal. PMID- 1242413 TI - St Christopher's Hospice, 1974. Care of the dying patient. PMID- 1242414 TI - Do volunteer donors decrease posttranfusion hepattis? AB - A change from a paid to a volunteer blood donor system was instituted as recommended by the American Association of Blood Banks "Statement on the National Blood Policy." The incidence of counterelectrophoresis HBSAg positive units from each donor group was determined. Of 2,785 purchased units, 3 (0.10%) were HBSAg positive, while 34 (0.94%) of 3,609 units from volunteers were HBSAg positive. This 840% increase suggests that careful selection of donor population rather than blind reliance on volunteers should be emphasized in providing the safest blood for transfusion. PMID- 1242415 TI - Glucorrhea revisited. Prolonged promulgation of another plastic pearl. AB - Glucose oxidase test strips were used to evaluate the presence of glucose in nasal secretions and tears in a group of normal children. Substantial amounts of glucose were present in 15 of 17 samples of nasal discharge and 10 of 15 samples of tears. The use of glucose oxidase test strips for diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, therefore, is without merit. PMID- 1242416 TI - High-dose bolus urography. A superior technique in advanced renal failure. AB - High-dose bolus urography was evaluated in 38 patients with severe renal failure. Iothalamate meglumine (Conray 60) (2 ml/kg of body weight) was injected within one minute and nephrotomograms were taken for 30 minutes, with delayed films until 24 hours. Immediate nephrograms were obtained in all cases. The collecting systems, seen in 29 cases, were dilated in three. In the rest, obstruction could be ruled out by a combination of roentgenographic criteria. No untoward reactions occurred, and all the required information was obtained within 30 minutes. The results were superior to plain nephrotomography or infusion pyelography. We conclude that bolus nephrotomography is the procedure of choice in the investigation of severe renal failure. PMID- 1242417 TI - Senile freckles. PMID- 1242418 TI - Medical discipline. Part V. Constitutional considerations- protection of physicians' rights. PMID- 1242421 TI - Letter: Medical care by nurses. PMID- 1242419 TI - Letter: Abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 1242420 TI - Letter: The "mainstream of modern medicine" and contemporaneous re-appellation. PMID- 1242422 TI - Letter: Pacemaker acceleration. PMID- 1242423 TI - Letter: Intestinal intubation. PMID- 1242424 TI - Letter: Recovery from severe metabolic acidosis. PMID- 1242425 TI - Letter: Where was the artificial liver machine? PMID- 1242426 TI - Knee stability and knee ligament injuries. AB - Controversy exists on the relationship of knee ligament stability to knee injuries. Subjective evaluation of joint tightness or looseness has been proposed as a criterion for prescribing selective corrective strengthening or stretching exercises. Biomechanical studies of knee ligament stability were performed on 401 college football players from 1969 to 1971. Forty-three knee ligament injuries occurred during this period of time, 19 (44.2%) in "loose-jointed" players and 24 (55.8%) in "tight-jointed" players. Joint laxity tests were performed on 72 college football players; the distribution of college football players failing to perform each of the tests was quite different from that reported for professional football players. There was no relationship between the subjective joint laxity tests and the objective biomechanical tests of knee ligament stability. We conclude that it is not possible to predict knee injuries by subjective evaluations of joint laxity or by objective biomechanical knee ligament evaluations and that exercise programs based on subjective studies are therefore not sound. PMID- 1242427 TI - Hopelessness and suicidal behavior. An overview. AB - The relation of hopelessness to levels of depression and suicidal intent was explored both psychometrically and clinically. The results of an investigation of 384 suicide attempters support previous reports that hopelessness is the key variable linking depression to suicidal behavior. This finding has direct implications for the therapy of suicidal individuals. By focusing on reducing the sources of a patient's hopelessness, the professional may be able to alleviate suicidal crises more effectively than in the past. PMID- 1242428 TI - Tracheostomy or not? PMID- 1242429 TI - Transtracheal ventilation. AB - Effective percutaneous oxygenation and ventilation can be achieved through the use of transtracheal catheters. A graphic study of pressure-flow requirements through different-sized catheters can serve as a guide for the caliber and driving pressure requirement to obtain optimal oxygen flow. PMID- 1242430 TI - Pulmonary embolism with factor XI deficiency. AB - A patient with factor XI deficiency had pulmonary embolism, although his factor XI assay was less than 1% of normal and his postoperative course was complicated by prolonged bleeding. Programs designed to prevent postoperative venous thrombosis should be carried out in factor XI-deficient patients, since the deficient state offers no protection from a pulmonary embolus. All surgical patients who are to receive low-dose heparin therapy as a part of such a program should be screened by means of preoperative determination of the partial thromboplastin time, to identify previously unsuspected bleeding disorders. PMID- 1242432 TI - Letter: Treatment of bed-wetting. PMID- 1242431 TI - Thrombosis of the renal veins and vena cava. Occurrence in morbid obesity. AB - Renal vein thrombosis caused the nephrotic syndrome in a patient with morbid obesity. Pulmonary embolism occurred initially, but not after anticoagulants were administered. Surviving for three years, the patient died of profound uremia and hyperosmolar coma. At autopsy, membranous glomerular changes were found. Conclusive exclusion of renal vein thrombosis in the morbidly obese patient with nephrotic syndrome appears advisable. PMID- 1242433 TI - Mumps meningoencephalitis. Prolonged abnormality of cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1242434 TI - Infectious mononucleosis in asymptomatic Hodgkin disease. PMID- 1242435 TI - Histamine excess in plasma cell leukemia. A case with unusual clinical manifestations. PMID- 1242436 TI - Cavitary pulmonary Hodgkin disease. Association with digital clubbing. PMID- 1242437 TI - Editorial: A scientist's dilemma. PMID- 1242438 TI - Editorial: Hope, suicide, and medical practice. PMID- 1242439 TI - Editorial: Computer-assisted tomography. PMID- 1242440 TI - Editorial: Disappearance of streetcars. Was spitting responsible? PMID- 1242441 TI - Common bony densities simulating disease in the chest. PMID- 1242442 TI - Hormone treatment of breast cancer. AB - Alteration of the hormonal milieu is still one of the major and most successful methods for treating advanced breast cancer. With the exception of the use of thyroid hormone in conjunction with corticosteroids, we are not aware of any proved advantageous combination of hormonal agents that improves the objective regression rates in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 1242443 TI - Group therapy. PMID- 1242444 TI - Letter: Barbiturates in survival kits. PMID- 1242445 TI - Letter: Lumbar disk disease: laminectomy vs chymopapain chemonucleolysis. PMID- 1242446 TI - Letter: Antibiotics and gram-negative bacteremia. PMID- 1242447 TI - Letter: False-positive liver scan following colectomy. PMID- 1242448 TI - Letter: Augmenting cryoprecipitate factor VIII activity. PMID- 1242449 TI - Letter: Adjuvant chemotherapy "works" for breast cancer with involved nodes. PMID- 1242450 TI - Letter: Autoclaving of tonometers. PMID- 1242451 TI - Letter: Runaway children. PMID- 1242452 TI - Whither the chronic disease hospital? PMID- 1242453 TI - Appraisal of the double two-step exercise test. A long-term follow-up study of 3,325 men. AB - We made an evaulation of the double two-step exercise test in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease, on the basis of the findings among 3,325 male applicants for life insurance who were given the test and observed for an average of nine years. The results suggest that (1) ischemic ST segment depression of any amount after exercise is pathognomonic of coronary insufficiency, for all practical purposes; (2) the amount of ischemic depression is related to the severity of the coronary insufficiency and the prognosis; (3) ischemic depression in multiple leads denotes widespread coronary insufficiency; (4) a nonischemic response practically excludes coronary disease of a type that will cause premature death; and (5) the exercise test is more reliable than the medical history in the diagnosis of silent coronary disease. PMID- 1242454 TI - New drug introduction 1973-1974. AB - A review of the number of newly synthesized drugs introduced in the United States during the years 1973 and 1974 reveals that there has been an encouraging improvement in comparison with the previous two-year period. The number for 1971 to 1972 was 25, and for 1973 to 1974, thirty-seven. These drugs can be grouped into nine major therapeutic classifications. Some represent real advances in therapy; others enable the physician to vary his therapeutic regimen. In 1974, of all new and refill prescriptions, 68% were filled with 200 drugs. Of these, 126 contain one active ingredient, and 76 products contain more than one. The number of prescriptions written for each group is in close relationship to the number of drug products in each class. PMID- 1242455 TI - Control of methadone dosage by patients. AB - Patients in a methadone clinic were given knowledge and control of their own dosages. Dosages could be changed by 5 mg/week, but if more than 50 mg was used, no take-home privileges were allowed. The maximum dosage permitted was 120 mg. Plasma methadone levels were determined for some patients. The result of the study was that there was little dosage change, with the median dosage increasing from 40 to 50 mg at the end of six months. A small group of patients did raise their dosages systematically, and these patients tended to decrease illicit opiate use. There was no indication that these patients had abnormally low plasma methadone levels. At the end of six months, patients and staff overwhelmingly preferred an open-dose self-adjustment system over the usual procedure of dosage management by professional staff and dosage changes achieved by negotiation. PMID- 1242456 TI - Geophagia. A cause of life-threatening hyperkalemia in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Geophagia has been associated with life-threatening hyperkalemia in five patients with chronic renal failure. All five patients were black and had been born in the southeastern United States. Four had had frequent hyperkalemia requiring at least one hospitalization, and two had had hyperkalemia with serum potassium concentration as high as 9.8 mEq/liter, resulting in cardiac arrest in one and paralysis, disorientation, and cardiac arrythmia in the other. Since riverbed clay contains as much as 100 mEq of potassium in 100 gm of clay, much of which is exchangeable at acid pH, the mechanism of geophagia-induced hyperkalemia appears to be the absorption of potassium released from clay after ingestion. After discontinuing geophagia, no new hyperkalemic episodes occurred in these patients. PMID- 1242457 TI - Tyropanoate cholecystography and reversible renal failure. PMID- 1242458 TI - Tuberculosis after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. PMID- 1242459 TI - Editorial: Cooperation, not competition, in the health professions. PMID- 1242460 TI - Editorial: Ischemic responses predictive of coronary death. Master vs physiologic stress tests. PMID- 1242461 TI - Editorial: Geophagia-induced hyperkalemia. PMID- 1242462 TI - The management of cerebral metastasis. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are a common clinical problem, and management spans the three major therapeutic disciplines in oncology. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are employed alone, in combination, or sequentially and are based on four local factors--the number, size, site, and depth of the lesions; and three tumor factors--the natural or biologic history of the primary tumor, the quantitative host tumor burden, and the tumor responsiveness to individual therapeutic modalities. The median survival of patients with CNS metastasis is 3 to 12 months and is not necessarily compromised by the CNS lesions, if the diagnosis is established and therapy promptly instituted. PMID- 1242463 TI - Computerized axial tomography. Use in the diagnosis of dementia. PMID- 1242464 TI - The pathophysiology of Bartter syndrome. PMID- 1242465 TI - Letter: Foreign body removal via fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 1242466 TI - Letter: Megavitamin therapy. PMID- 1242467 TI - Letter: Ski injuries. PMID- 1242469 TI - Letter: Treatment of chronic pain by acupuncture. PMID- 1242468 TI - Letter: The placebo effect. PMID- 1242470 TI - Letter: Beverage can pull-tabs. PMID- 1242471 TI - Letter: Brain scan and metastatic tumors. PMID- 1242472 TI - Letter: Pericarditis during long-term hemodialysis. PMID- 1242473 TI - New advances in objective audiometry. PMID- 1242474 TI - Acute heat stroke. Epidemiologic, biochemical, renal, and coagulation studies. AB - Fifteen Marine recruits with acute heat stroke were examined for (1) predisposing factors, (2) blood coagulation disturbances, (3) renal function abnormalities, and (4) blood composition alterations. Epidemiologic data identified the following risk factors; previous residence in a temperate climate, first phase of training, fatigue, and strenuous exercise in hot, humid conditions. Results of blood coagulation studies disclosed an increase in prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, with a decrease in platelet count, probably indicating a transient, low-grade consumptive process. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and creatinine clearance were normal. Only mild elevations of SGOT, SGPT, and lactic dehydrogenase levels were noted, and in combination with clinical observations, they argued against significant muscle damage. No deaths or instances of renal failure occurred. PMID- 1242475 TI - "Caring" as part of health care quality. AB - The subjective aspects of "caring" are an important part of health care quality and should be understood in the context of the illness-recovery process and the physician-patient relationship. "Caring" requires sensitivity on the part of the physician to the role of illness in our society and to the emotional component of illness in every patient. The patient's emotional response to the health care he or she receives should be respected as a valid aspect of health care quality. It is a continuing challenge to the medical profession to include some means of assessing this aspect of health care as part of professional standards review. As Dr Peabody noted, "The secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient." PMID- 1242476 TI - More on brain death. PMID- 1242477 TI - How to evaluate and manage breast lumps. PMID- 1242478 TI - Ethyl alcohol sniffing by patients undergoing hemodialysis. AB - Seven uremic patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis became addicted to vapors of denaturated ethyl alcohol. Sniffing produced relaxation, euphoria, and a sense of well-being. In all but one patient, this was the the only form of deviance. Two patients who tried stopping this practice while under psychiatric help were unsuccessful because of acute abstinence symptoms. Denaturated ethyl alcohol does not seem to be toxic per se. In these patients, results of hematological and liver function tests were within normal limits. Anemia supervened in one patient after two years of dialysis, and peripheral neuropathy developed in another. PMID- 1242479 TI - Editorial: Is chronic obstructive lung disease improved by physical exercise? PMID- 1242480 TI - Editorial: Optimal vs optional testing for sickle cell disease. PMID- 1242481 TI - Editorial: The battered child syndrome: unusual manifestations. PMID- 1242482 TI - Neglected esophageal narrowing. PMID- 1242483 TI - Head injuries. PMID- 1242484 TI - A death in the family. The impact on children. PMID- 1242485 TI - Letter: Pentazocine-induced fibrous myopathy. PMID- 1242486 TI - Letter: Therapeutic regimens in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 1242487 TI - Letter: Response to commentary by W. Keith C. Morgan. PMID- 1242488 TI - Letter: Correlating abdominal bruits with angiographic findings. PMID- 1242489 TI - Letter: Fire hazard. PMID- 1242490 TI - Hepatitis B in Nuremberg, Germany. Epidemiology of a drug-associated epidemic. Among US Army soldiers. AB - Beginning in 1971, acute viral hepatitis was epidemic among US soldiers stationed in Europe, with a total of over 8,700 cases reported between 1971 and 1974. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) determinations suggest a predominance of hepatitis B. In the Nuremberg area, primary association was with the illicit use of drugs. This association was demonstrated by a chronologic relationship between measurable community drug use and the number of hepatitis admissions three to six months later and by a case-control study. Parenteral drug use and, to a lesser degree, cannabis smoking appeared to be factors in disease transmission. Sharing of illicit drugs with a hepatitis contact, whether parenterally or orally, was associated with increased risk of contracting the disease. PMID- 1242491 TI - The learning-disabled or hyperactive child: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1242492 TI - Drugs for emotional disorders. Current problems. PMID- 1242493 TI - Migration of plasticizer from hemodialysis blood tubing. Preliminary report. AB - Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was found to be migrating from polyvinyl chloride blood tubing into human blood during hemodialysis in 16 patients with end-stage renal failure. Although toxic effects have not yet been observed, we believe plastic tubing that does not contain extractable materials should be developed. PMID- 1242494 TI - Left atrial myxoma: diagnosis, treatment, and cytological observations. AB - A patient first seen with cardiac cachexia was found to have a large left atrial myxoma. The diagnosis was first suggested by echocardiographic examination. Cure was achieved by surgery. Light and electron microscopic studies indicate a multipotential mesenchymal cell origin of myxomata. PMID- 1242495 TI - Atrioventricular block in a long-term dialysis patient. Reversal after parathyroidectomy. PMID- 1242496 TI - Paradoxical septal motion secondary to right ventricular tumor. PMID- 1242497 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Association with unusual electrocardiographic changes. PMID- 1242499 TI - Editorial: Points of view. PMID- 1242498 TI - Editorial: Brain and heart--the automatic connection. PMID- 1242500 TI - Editorial: No mandatory retirement from therapy. PMID- 1242501 TI - Evaluation of a positive urinary sugar test. PMID- 1242502 TI - Hip diseases with referred pain to the knee. PMID- 1242503 TI - Haemobartonella canis infection in research dogs. AB - During 1970-1972 haemobartonellosis occurred in research canines at 2 widely separated institutions. Clinical anemia occurred in a splenectomized dog at a Maryland facility, and subsequent screening disclosed an infection rate of 65% in a group of 20 splenectomized subjects. Treatment was successful, and the animals were used in research. A research institution in Texas encountered a number of dogs with fever (to 106 degrees F) and eosinophilia (to 42%) following minor surgery. Blood from affected animals was injected iv into splenectomized dogs, and 3 of 6 recipients developed haemobartonellosis. Further study was conducted, with some success, to establish a relationship between fever and eosinophilia and Haemobartonella canis infection in nonsplenectomized subjects. Our experiences suggest that haemobartonellosis is a widespread, latent disease of dogs and that significant potential exists for the infection to adversely affect research results. PMID- 1242504 TI - The case for chastity. PMID- 1242505 TI - Editorial: Sexually transmitted diseases increase. PMID- 1242506 TI - The challenge of anaesthesia for microlaryngoscopic procedures. PMID- 1242507 TI - Ketamine as an induction agent and an adjunct to nitrous oxide-oxygen curare anaesthesia sequence. PMID- 1242508 TI - Effect of ketamine in the blood pressure and pulse rate (a comparison with thiopental and fentany). PMID- 1242509 TI - Disturbances in liver functions resulting from halothane administration. PMID- 1242510 TI - Disturbance of hepatic structure under halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 1242511 TI - Jet ventilation during bronchography in children. PMID- 1242512 TI - Anaesthesia for endolaryngeal microsurgery (A new method). PMID- 1242513 TI - The eye and endocrine diseases. PMID- 1242515 TI - Proceedings: Possible reasons for stage sensitivity in the spermatogenesis cycle. PMID- 1242514 TI - [Bronchial secretion -rejection mechanisms in the lung and bronchi]. PMID- 1242516 TI - Venereal disease in Massachusetts -- changing patterns. PMID- 1242517 TI - Letter: Methotrexate in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1242519 TI - [Non-imported abdominal typhus]. PMID- 1242518 TI - Histopathological study on six cases of calf leukosis. AB - A pathological study was carried out on six calves 4 to 10 months of age affected with lymphoid tumors. Most of the lymph nodes enlarged in consequence of leukotic changes in all the calves. These changes occurred also in other various organs. When the leukotic lesions were investigated to clarify the distribution and histological manifestation, three pathological patterns were discriminated among them. One of the patterns was seen in four cases, in which leukotic lesions were present constantly in bone marrow, thymus, liver and kidney. In the lymph nodes, tonsils, and intestinal lymphatic apparatus, neoplastic cellular proliferation took place in paracortical or interfollicular areas and medullary cords obliterating the lymph follicles. Leukotic involvement was observed in the interstitial and the vascular connective tissue in the thymus, as well as in liver and kidney. A second pattern of lesion was revealed in one of the other two cases. Besides lymph nodes in which neoplastic proliferation was seen in the paracortical area, only the thymus manifested intralobular neoplastic involvement in this case. In the remaining case, the leukotic lesion was characterized by the presence of neoplastic cellular masses resembling large lymph follicles in appearance in the lymphatic tissues. It was manifested distinctly in the spleen. Severe thymic atrophy and granulocytic hyperplasia in bone marrow were present in this case. PMID- 1242520 TI - Telencephalic leucoencephalopathy in premature infants dying after prolonged artificial respiration. Report on 6 cases. AB - This study reports clinical and neuropathological findings in six premature infants dying after prolonged assisted ventilation (IPPB and CPPB) due to pulmonary insufficiency (gestational age: 26.--32. week; birth weight 820--1400 Gm; respirator therapy 41--143 days; survival 104--263 days). During the rspirator therapy the children developed marked extensor rigidity of the trunc and spasticity of the extremities. Postmortem examination revealed cor pulmonale and right ventricular failure. Signs of marked perinatal brain damage were missed. The slightly atrophic brains showed predominant damage to the telencephalic white matter of varying intensity ranging from focal necroses to gliosis and retarded myelination. Constant findings were increased vascularisation and transformation of the premyelinating glia into astrocytes in the deep and subcortical white matter. This form of telencephalic leucoencephalopathy indicates the particular vulnerability of the developing white matter in conditions with chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis and vascular congestion. The varying intensity of the lesions suggests that, in principle, minor lesions are either reversible or may be compensated in surviving children. PMID- 1242521 TI - Spectral analysis of the abnormal theta rhythm in the EEG of young children. AB - The abnormal theta rhythm of the EEG of early childhood was investigated by spectral analysis. The pattern in the power spectrum is characterized by a peak in the thetaband. The relative peak intensity (peak ratio = ratio of peak intensity and average intensity of the spectrum within the frequency range of 0- 10 Hz) as well as the right-left coherence proved to be good criteria for the description of the abnormal theta rhythms. When the ratio q greater than or equal to 2.0 and the coherence Coh greater than or equal to 0.7 an abnormal theta rhythm can be considered to be present. When this definition is applied, a high correspondence between the mathematical and visual evaluation of the EEG is present. The abnormal theta rhythm must be regarded as a symptom of a functional anomaly which is -- under electroencephalographic aspects -- characterized by generators acting in abnormal synchronism and monofrequency. PMID- 1242522 TI - [The relationship between age and the cerebrospinal fluid protein profile profile of normal children. Cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoretic studies]. AB - Neuropadiatrie 6: 383--397 (1975). CSF samples of 63 normal children 2 days to 14 years of age were concentrated (ultrafiltration in "Kollodiumhulsen") and examined by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and agarose gel. In the CSF of all children 7 protein fractions were found by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Analysing the pherograms by the means of an analog computer 15 fractions could be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Compared with the children of school age the newborn showed low prealbumin, beta1-globulin and tau-globulin fractions besides high albumin and gamma-globulin concentrations owing to an increased permeability of the blood-CSF barrier. During the following weeks a low prealbumin and a high albumin fraction still was found. Children from 3 month to 2 years of age showed a moderate increase of the relative prealbumin and beta1 globulin concentration in comparison with older children. The gamma-globulin fraction was lowest beyond the third month of life and increased again in the group of the 2--14 years old children. The variation of the protein profile with age could not only be demonstrated by the more difficult agarose gel electrophoresis but also by a simple technique of cellulose acetate electrophoresis. PMID- 1242523 TI - [A dysplasia-epilepsy syndrome in a patient with ring chromosome 21]. AB - We report a 10 year old girl with psychomotor retardation, myoclonic syndrome and extreme photosensitivity. Clinical symptomatology and EEG-findings were not compatible with any of the known myoclonic syndromes. The patient's remarkable phenotype with short stature, dystrophy, facial dysmorphia characterized by antimongoloid palpebral fissures, broad root of the nose, coarse nose, inner epicanthic folds, dysplasia of the external ears, higharched palate, syndactylism between 2nd and 3rd toes on both sides, small narrow hands is suggested of a chromosomal disorder. A ring-shaped chromosome of the G-group (21--22) could be found. After using the Giemsa- and C-banding technique this chromosome could be identified as number 21. Patients with ring chromosome 21 or 22 are phenotypically not distinguishable. This is due to duplication-deficiency variability of ring chromosomes in growing somatic tissues. The cellular genotype of ring chromosomes varies between monosomy, trisomy and polysomie. PMID- 1242524 TI - [Oculocerebrovertebral syndrome]. AB - After description of the oculovertebral syndrome Weyers-Thier a personal observation is reported. It was characterized by severe cerebral malformations (agenesis of the olfactory lobes, incomplete agenesis of corpus callosum with large sagittal arachnoidal cyst) associated with polycystic brain damage. The relationship of this "oculovertebral syndrome" to the "oculoauriculovertebral syndrome" is discussed. The combination of various malformations in our observation indicates an embryonic lesion between the 4th and 11th week. Additional polycystic brain damage was due to perinatal anoxy. The causal factor of the malformative syndrome remains unknown, but similar lesions were experimentally induced by fetal hypoxia. PMID- 1242525 TI - [Why are some cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis operated on? Apropos of a series of cases]. AB - Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a polymorphous condition. Its clinical diagnosis depends on the presence of a moderately large goitre of recent onset (2-3 yr) that is usually symmetrical and node-free, and particularly hard and rubbery. In addition, a high level of antithyroid antibodies is observed. A search for these antibodies should certainly be made more often. Histological confirmation is required as soon as the level of antibodies is low, or when the goitre is nodular with cold scintiscan areas. Furthermore, development of the intrathyroid lymphoid system is of uncertain import, especially since there is no relation between the number of cells that could theoretically be secreting antibodies (i.e. intrathyroid plasma cells) and the incidence or level of the various antithyroid antibodies. PMID- 1242526 TI - [Relation between structure and function in the field of respiratory physiopathology]. PMID- 1242527 TI - [Studies on the in vitro spermicide activity and therapeutic use of a benzalkonium chloride base preparation (Agena)]. PMID- 1242528 TI - [Recent findings in the pharmacotherapy of vaginitis: methyl-partricin]. PMID- 1242529 TI - [Hypothyreosis after I-131 therapy of Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 1242530 TI - 'Added lactose' and 'added sucrose' cow's milk formulas in neonatal nutrition. PMID- 1242531 TI - [Value and limits of different method in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors within the lymphatic systems (author's transl)]. AB - The demonstration of retroperitoneal intralymphatic primary or secondary tumors requires a progressive radiological investigation beginning with simple methods and advancing to more complicated ones. Radiological lymphography is a method which is superior due to its ability to demonstrate small structures in lymphatic vessels and lymphnodes. However, the usefulness of lymphography is limited partially to the retroperitoneal lymphatic system and to gross changes. To improve diagnostic accuracy further diagnostic measures are needed, namely intravenous urography, venocavography, lumbar venography of catheter, sonotomography of the upper abdomen and lymphatic scintigraphy. Exstirpation of lymphnodes- possibly by explorative laparotomy- and histopathological examination enables an extact assessment of lymphnodes of microscopical dimension as determination of the tumor type. The value and limits of complementary methods and the criteria for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of metastatic lymphnodes and lymphoreticular systemic diseases are discussed. The significance of lymphography for evaluation of topographic expansion of pathological lymphnode changes, the further course of the disease and the effect of therapy according to the authors' experience are presented. It is stressed that the value of lymphography in diagnosing the type of disease is limited. PMID- 1242532 TI - Diffuse osteosclerosis with lymphocytic lymphoma. A case report. AB - A unique case of diffuse osteosclerosis of the hemopoietic skeleton in a patient with lymphocytic lymphoma is described. Biopsy findings excluded a concurrent myeloproliferative disorder. PMID- 1242533 TI - [Heredity and cancer]. PMID- 1242534 TI - [So-called Castleman's benign lymphoma]. PMID- 1242535 TI - [Paraneoplastic syndromes due to an urologically silent Grawitz tumor]. PMID- 1242536 TI - [Malabsorption in endocrine diseases]. PMID- 1242537 TI - [Multiple intracranial arterial aneurysm of mycotic appearance. Repeated vascular embolic accidents. Myxoma of the left atrium]. AB - The authors describe a case of myxoma of the left auricle disclosed by repeated cerebral embolism and multiple aneuryms of mycotic appearance of the cerebral arteries in a woman exhibiting no cardiac symptoms. The immediate post-operative results were excellent. In the light of 7 similar cases in the literature, diagnostic and prognostic points are analysed. PMID- 1242538 TI - Medium-long incubation posttransfusional hepatitis (a possible immunological implication). AB - Icteric hepatitis which developed in the first 6 months after blood transfusion was studied in 159 cases. One fourth of these (39) occurred within a period of only 15 days: between the 30th and 45th day after transfusion. So, their incubation period was longer than that of short incubation hepatitis (type A), and shorter than that of long incubation hepatitis (type B). In these cases the incidence of HBs antibodies was more than 10 times greater than in hepatitis with long incubation, and the incidence of HBs antigen was approximately the same as in the healthy control group. This fact suggests the involvement of a special factor in their appearance, probably an immunologic (or of other nature) process giving rise to antigen-antibody complexes in the HB ag-ab system. PMID- 1242539 TI - [Study of viral hepatitis antecedents and, comparatively, of other pathological antecedents in the parents of children with hepatitis and other diseases]. PMID- 1242540 TI - Primary evolution of chronic hepatitis estimated 3 to 14 years after the liver biopuncture. AB - From over 800 patients with chronic hepatic diseases admitted to the Institute of Internal Medicine between 1960-1969 and in whom diagnosis was assessed by hepatic biopuncture, 180 were reexamined 3-14 years later to estimate the clinical evolution and the prognostic value of the bioptic findings. The evolution was favourable in most of the cases of persistent chronic hepatitis (70%) and of moderate aggressive chronic hepatitis (59%). Severe aggressive chronic hepatitis evaluated favourably in 34% of the cases and was aggravated in 42% of the cases (26% exits). In the patients with cirrhosis the percentage of deaths reached 65 but 30% were still in a stationary form; a single exceptional case was improved 7 years after the hepatic biopuncture. The prognostic value of hepatic biopuncture is much increased if, in addition to the common histological features, other histochemical and morphological criteria such as: structural stability of collagen fibers, importance of cellular infiltrates and presence of plasma cells, nuclear changes, degree of steatosis, amount of glycogen storage, siderosis and cholestasis are also taken into consideration. PMID- 1242541 TI - Immunoserological aspects of chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 1242542 TI - Enzymatic equipment of lymphocyte lysosomes in the premature or term infants and in the adults. AB - The activity of some lymphocyte lysosomal enzymes such as: acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and beta-glucosaminidase was studied comparatively in 29 prematures, 20 term infants and 20 adults. The activity of lysosomal enzymes was found to increase gradually in the course of fetal maturation and later on after birth. The percentage of lymphocytes exhibiting strong intracellular acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity was highest in adults. Differences between lymphocyte beta-glucuronidase activity in the term infants and that in adults were less evident. The results of the study seem to confirm the previous assumption of certain authors that B lymphocytes, generally characterized by a low activity of lysosomal enzymes, are more numerous in the premature and term infants than in the adults. PMID- 1242543 TI - Biogenesis of erythropoietin: evidence for pro-erythropoietin in a subcellular fraction of kidney. AB - The light mitochondrial fraction of hypoxic rodent kidneys, called the renal erythropoietic factor, contains erythropoietin in a pro, or active form. Erythropoietin is released from this inactive form when the renal erythropoietic factor is incubated with normal serum. The biogenesis of erythropoietin possibly involves a system in kidney reminiscent of the proinsulin-insulin system in pancreas. PMID- 1242544 TI - Human placental lactogen and plasma total oestriol values in the third trimester of pregnancy. AB - The value of serial human placental lactogen and plasma total oestriol measurements in assessing fetoplacental function early in the third trimester, is discussed. In particular, the use of the two measurements simultaneously may provide an indication of impending fetal death, of growth retardation, or of gross fetal malformation. PMID- 1242545 TI - Endoscopy in patients with malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Two hundred and fifteen consecutive upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed. It is evident that the patient population in our setting is quite different when compared with that of a general hospital. The incidence of both gastrointestinal hemorrhage and unknown primary malignant tumor is high. In this group of patients, malignant lesions of the stomach were the most common problem encountered. Primary malignant tumors of the stomach account for the diagnoses in approximately 20 per cent of our patients. Fifty per cent of the patients with cancer of the stomach demonstrated invasion of the lower part of the esophagus or esophagogastric junctional area. The accuracy of endoscopic biopsy was correct in 83 per cent of the patients with malignant tumors of the stomach detected by scopic examination. Thirteen per cent false-negative biopsies occurred from infiltrating diffuse lesions. Endoscopy established the diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach in one-third of the patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary source. PMID- 1242546 TI - Management of myogenic (myopathic) ptosis. AB - In senile ptosis and late-acquired hereditary ptosis, the Fasanella-Servat procedure is dependable and successful. However, levator resection by the posterior approach is appropriate for the more severe problems. In senile ptosis, a search should be made for signs that might prompt disinsertion repair. The decision for surgery in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia or myotonic dystrophy should be made cautiously, and the "optical tarsectomy" should be considerable before conservative levator resection or fascia lata suspension. The patient with myasthenia gravis should be identified, medical evaluation initiated, and except in rare instances, surgery avoided. The more unusual forms of myogenic ptosis should be treated surgically only when the ptosis persists and has stabilized. PMID- 1242547 TI - [Experiences with combined chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 1242548 TI - [Lumphosarcoma in children]. PMID- 1242550 TI - Ferrous and hemoglobin-59Fe absorption from supplemented cow milk in infants with normal and depleted iron stores. AB - Small amounts of milk do inhibit ferrous iron absorption from a 5 mg 59Fe2+ dose in 1- to 18-month-old infants. Only 50 ml of 2/3 cow milk reduced the absorption from 18+/-3% (Xa +/- S.E.) to 3.8 +/- 1.2% in infants with normal iron stores (inhibition index 0.21) and from 26 +/- 3% to 8.5 +/- 1.4% in infants with depleted iron stores (inhibition index 0.33%). Milk does not inhibit the bioavailability of hemoglobin iron. From a 5 mg dose of hemoglobin-59Fe added to 50 ml of 2/3 cow milk 4.8 +/- 1.0% were absorbed by infants with normal iron stores and 8.3 +/- 0.8% by infants with depleted iron stores. The low iron content of milk (50 mug Fe/100 ml) and its poor bioavailability (approximately5% in infants with normal iron stores) would require a dialy consumption of 32 1 of unfortified milk to cover infants daily iron requirement of 0.8 mg/day. The supplementation of 2--3 milk meals per day with 5 mg hemoglobin iron each meets the whole iron requirements of infants with depleted and normal iron stores respectively and can be used for iron prophylaxis in infancy during the first and second year. Prophylaxis with inorganic iron requires an empty stomach and duodenum for optimal bioavailability. A daily dose of only 5 mg ferrous sulfate iron is enough to cover the total iron requirement of infants. PMID- 1242549 TI - [Peridural anesthesia in obstetrics (author's transl)]. AB - In German speaking countries peridural anesthesia in obstetrics has been introduced 25 years ago by Anselmino. Because of the increase of operative delivery and the--however rare--serious complications in the mother the technique has been employed less and less. Now, with the introduction of the catheter technique, which renders lower doses of the anesthetic effective and with improved treatment of complications due to it, the technique has become safer for the mother. Anomalies of the position of the fetal head are not more common than in deliveries without peridural anesthesia. But the more frequent need for low forceps delivery remains, since the strain-reflex is abolished, although motorfunction of lower limbs and abdomen are intact. The safe use of peridural anesthesia requires a considerably increased personnel, since the doctor conducting the delivery is only rarely sufficiently qualified in anesthetics and even then should not have to take the responsibility for both delivery and anesthesia. Since we can consider the technique safe for the mother, its effect on the child is predominant interest. Examination of the acid-base metabolism in the fetal blood from the scalp and umbilical cord post-partum has shown favorable results. The effect of complete painlessness on respiration and blood-gases of the mother is of interest (Strasser, Huch, Huch). Further investigations of the effects on fetal heart frequency and its assessment in supine or constant lateral positioning and of the maternal circulation with modern cardiologic techniques have not yet been concluded. On their results will depend, at least in part, the indication for peridural anesthesia in pregnancies and deliveries at risk. Clinical observations and comparison with deliveries under general anesthesia indicate that catheter peridural anesthesia may be advantageous for the child with diabetes, EPH gestosis and prematurity. PMID- 1242552 TI - Photochemical formation of self-sustaining coacervates. PMID- 1242551 TI - Fate of pyruvate, formed nonphosphorolytically from gluconate by extracts of Aspergillus niger. PMID- 1242553 TI - [Examinations concerning the range of host plants of the plum pox virus (PPV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242554 TI - [Experiments to verify the plum pox virus (PPV) by communicating it on Chenopodium foetidum Schrad. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242555 TI - [First proof of broad bean wilt virus in the People's Republic Poland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242556 TI - [Systemic infestation by cucumber mosaic virus on french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the German Democratic Republic (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242557 TI - [Modification of the biological activity in the soil by natural gas and city gas]. PMID- 1242558 TI - Effect of high altitude cosmic radiation on desmids. PMID- 1242559 TI - Radiation studies on Azotobacter chroococcum. III. Photoreactivation and mutagenicity. PMID- 1242560 TI - Radiation studies on Azotobacter chroococcum IV. Effect of a temporary block of DNA replication on excision repair. PMID- 1242561 TI - Radioimmunoassay of (8-arginine)-vasopressin. I. Methodology. AB - A radioimmunological method for the determination of the human antidiuretic hormone [8-arginine]-vasopressin (AVP), is described in detail. The antiserum has been raised in rabbits injected with AVP adsorbed onto charcoal particles and is used at a final dilution of 1:200,000. It contains antibodies directed specifically against the C-terminal tripeptide and possesses a high association constant of 8.2 x 10(12) 1/mole. AVP is labelled in monoiodinated form (as proven after pronase digestion) at a high specific activity close to the theoretical maximum after purification from unlabelled hormone on Sephadex gel. The standard curves are characterized by a Bo of 55%, a limit of detection ascertained at least at 3 pg (10% displacement) and a 50% displacement achieved with 35.5 pg. The index of precision lambda ranges from 0.033 to 0.042. The conditions of the assay (buffer's composition and pH, timing) were systematically varied and tested. In addition the result of immunization of chicken with AVP is reported. The assay is adequate for the measurement of AVP in urine and plasma and will be described in forthcoming papers. PMID- 1242563 TI - Synthetic human calcitonin: analysis of antibodies obtained from various animal species and determination of immunoreactive hormone in human sera. AB - Antibodies to synthetic human calcitonin (hCT) were developed in rabbits, goats and mice. The free peptide (32 amino-acid residues, Mwt. 3418) was administered together with adjuvant, and the effect of various immunization procedures, as well as of different dose-levels, was evaluated comparatively. Synthetic hCT was found to be a good immunogen for the three animal species examined. The relative importance of various structural parts of the hCT molecule with regard to immunological specificity was determined by reference to the inhibition of the specific binding of 125I-hCT to antibodies by peptide fragments of hCT. All the antisera studied were directed to structural and/or conformational properties of the 11-28 or 11-32 amino acid sequence of hCT. Six different antisera from rabbits and goats were selected for radioimmunological assay of hCT on the basis of their inhibitory dose50-values and immunological specificity. To improve the sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay (RIA), we studied the preparation of radioiodinated hCT and assessed various parameters determining the sensitivity of the assay. Despite all the efforts, CT in human plasma from healthy subjects could not be determined with certainty. The difficulties encountered in the determination of normal levels of circulating CT are discussed in terms of the sensitivity of RIA and non-specific interference of serum factors with RIA. PMID- 1242562 TI - Radioimmunoassay of (8-arginine)-vasopressin. II. Application to determination of antidiuretic hormone in urine. AB - A radioimmunoassay for [8-arginine]-vasopressin (AVP), previously described (Czernichow et al. 1975) has been used for the determination of antidiuretic hormone in a 4 ml urine sample. AVP is extracted from acidified urine with a cation exchanger (Amberlite CG 50) with an overall recovery of 72%. The blank value measured in extracted samples of urine was 0.29 pg/ml +/- 0.21 (SEM) and calculated by extrapolation of the regression line of the recovery experiment was 0.49 pg/ml. The coefficient of variation within-assay was 13% and between-assay 18%. Addition of the amounts of AVP found in each specimen of urine voided gave results nearly identical to those of the amounts found in 24 h pool of urine, indicating that the assay was not affected by changes in concentration of the other urinary components during the day. The daily urinary excretion of AVP measured in 34 subjects was found to be 34 ng in 17 women and 70 ng in 17 men, a significant difference. Urinary concentration and excretion rate of AVP rose during thirst test and during Carter-Robbins test performed in 13 healthy subjects. In the latter test it was observed that the women displayed a strikingly more pronounced AVP elevation after the osmolar stimulus than the men. In both sexes a significant correlation was found between AVP excretion rate and plasma osmolality as well as free water clearance. Three cases of complete or incomplete diabetes insipidus and potomania could be clearly differentiated according to the total output of AVP during the thirst test. Extremely high values of AVP were found in the urine of 5 subjects with Schwartz-Bartter syndrome associated with bronchogenic tumours. PMID- 1242564 TI - Effects of hypothyroidism and thyroxine substitution on the metabolism of L methionine, L-cystathionine and taurine in developing rat brain. AB - In hypothyroidism induced by radioiodine the activity of cystathionine synthase and the concentration of L-cytathionine in cerebrum and cerebellum of developing rat decreased markedly. The amount of taurine was significantly higher in cerebral and cerebellar tissue of hypothyroid rats than in corresponding parts of normal rat brain. Early substitution therapy with L-thyroxine corrected these changes. PMID- 1242565 TI - Action of growth-promoting hormones on macromolecular biosynthesis during lobulo alveolar development of the entire mammary gland in organ culture. AB - The entire 2nd thoracic mammary gland of the immature virgin BALB/c mouse was stimulated to full lobulo-alveolar (LA) growth after 120 h organ culture in hormone supplemented medium. The minimal hormonal combination required was insulin (I) + prolactin (Prl) + aldosterone (A). The corticosteroid was replaceable by oestradiol-17beta (E) + progesterone (P). The combination I alone or I + the steroid hormone(s) failed to induce the LA development and similar results were also evident in presence of Prl + the steroids. Incubation of the glands in medium with I + Prl + A activated a sequential rise of RNA, protein and DNA synthesis. A near maximal increase of RNA synthesis was present at 48 h in the medium with I + Prl, addition of the steroid hormones did not show further stimulatory effect. Supplementation of the medium with I + Prl and the adrenal or the ovarian steroids was needed for maximal activation of protein synthesis at 72 h and DNA replication at 96 h. The medium with I alone did not show a substantial rise of macromolecular biosynthesis in the mammary gland in organ culture. The highest level of DNA polymerase activity was observed at 72 h in glands cultivated in medium with I + Prl and A or E + P. Only a modest increase of DNA polymerase activity was present in glands cultivated with I alone or I + Prl. Prior treatment of the glands (cultivated with I + Prl + A) with actinomycin D or puromycin resulted into 44 and 40% reduction of DNA polymerase activity suggesting hormone-induced synthesis of the enzyme before the rise of DNA synthesis in the mammary cells at 96 h in organ culture. Significance of these results with respect to the action of the "growth-promoting" hormones in the mammary gland in organ culture and in the animal has been discussed. PMID- 1242567 TI - Circadian rhythm of plasma corticosteroid in adult female rats: chronological shifts in abnormal lighting regimens and connection with oestrous cycle. AB - The circadian rhythm of plasma corticosteroid (CS) levels in adult female rats was studied chronologically under the following conditions: normal light-dark (LD), inverted light-dark (DL), constant dark (DD) and constant light (LL). Animals were accustomed to LD condition for 7 days before exposure to each abnormal lighting regimen. Normal circadian rhythm established under LD condition was clearly inverted on the third day of DL regimen, and the inverted rhythm persisted thereafter under DL condition. The circadian CS rhythm persisted essentially unchanged throughout DD condition, but lost its regular periodicity showing "free running" and changed day by day under LL condition. The average CS levels over a 24 h period were higher under LL than under DD condition. Plasma CS levels in each lighting regimen exhibited diurnal variations regardless of the vaginal smear patterns of autopsied animals. Exposure of rats to LL for 21 days made the circadian CS rhythm flat, but induced persistent oestrus in only a few animals. The data suggest that (1) an unexpectedly rapid inversion of the circadian CS rhythm occurs if animals are exposed to inverted light-dark environment; (2) constant darkness seems to be a near-natural environment for rats, and changes little of the pre-established circadian CS rhythm; (3) constant light, on the contrary, is assumed to be a stress for rats, and disrupts the circadian CS rhythm and elevates CS levels; (4) the change in circadian CS rhythm in adult female rats is not mediated by a change in gonadal function and the two conditions may not be connected directly with each other. PMID- 1242566 TI - Aminoglutethimide and glutethimide: effects on 18-hydroxycorticosterone biosynthesis by human and sheep adrenals in vitro. AB - The conversion of [1,2-3H]corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone in vitro was studied on human and animal adrenal tissue homogenates. Human adrenals were surgically resected from a patient with Cushing's disease. Sheep adrenal homogenates were prepared from the pooled glands of 20 animals. Incubations supplemented with a NADPH generating system were performed in order to evaluate the effect of aminoglutethimide and its closely related compound glutethimide on corticosterone 18-hydroxylation in vitro. Increasing concentrations of the two drugs were assayed on both human and animal adrenal homogenates. Aminoglutethimide was clearly found to inhibit corticosterone 18-hydroxylation in sheep adrenal homogenates as a 72.6% inhibition occurred in the presence of only 0.2 mumole of the drug. Inhibition reached 91.1% in the presence of 0.5 mumole aminoglutethimide. When added to the human incubated adrenal, a 59.4% inhibition occurred in the presence of 0.5 mumole aminoglutethimide. Glutethimide, a sedative of wide clinical usage, was also found to inhibit corticosterone 18 hydroxylation but the inhibitory effect occurred only in the presence of much higher concentrations. In fact, 5.0 mumoles were necessary to obtain a 43.9% inhibition of 18-hydroxycorticosterone synthesis. This study clearly demonstrates the marked inhibitory effect of aminoglutethimide on corticosterone 18 hydroxylation. Glutethimide, to a lesser extent, also inhibits 18 hydroxycorticosterone synthesis. PMID- 1242568 TI - Variations in the concentration of testosterone in peripheral venous plasma from healthy women. AB - The concentration of testosterone (ng/100 ml; mean +/- SD) has been determined in peripheral venous plasma at 4 hourly intervals for 24 h from 9 non-pregnant women (39.8 +/- 11.8) and 9 during late pregnancy (70 +/- 32). In addition, the level of this hormone has been measured in samples of plasma removed daily (between 08.30 and 10.00 h) throughout 9 ovarian cycles (41.6 +/- 11.8), and weekly from 10 women during gestation (57.6 +/- 14.7). The results show that there is considerable individual variation in both the concentration and pattern in serial samples over the respective time scales. The values of the arithmetic mean from non-pregnant subjects show that there is a tendency for the concentration to be lower between 20.00 and 04.00 h. However, the differences between the values at defined times over a 24 h period are not statistically significant. During the ovarian cycle 3 subjects had peak values during the peri-ovulatory phase, 2 in the luteal, 1 in the follicular and 3 showed no consistent pattern. There was no significant difference in values (40.9 +/- 11.8, 41.9 +/- 11.9 and 41.8 +/- 11.9) for the 3 phases of the cycle. There is a significant rise in the concentration of plasma testosterone during pregnancy (P less than 0.0005), but the pattern of the arithmetic mean is not related to the corresponding values for progesterone or oestradiol. During late pregnancy (34 weeks to term) there is a change in the nycterohemeral pattern, with the highest mean values occurring between 16.00 and 04.00 h. The results are discussed. PMID- 1242569 TI - Effect of ampicillin administration on the excretion of twelve oestrogens in pregnancy urine. AB - The excretion of twelve oestrogens in urine, pooled daily from a group of pregnant women, was determined before, during and after ampicillin administration (2 g/day, for 3 days). On the second day of ampicillin administration total oestrogen excretion fell to 67% of the mean control value, oestriol excretion to 69% and that of the other eleven individual oestrogens to an average of 62% of the mean control values. In general, on the third day of treatment and on the two post-treatment days this decrease tended to be corrected. The patterns of change in the urinary levels of the individual metabolites provided no clear lead to the basic mechanism of ampicillin impairment of oestrogen excretion. However, as the drug affected all their excretion in more or less the same way as it did that of oestriol, it is possible that ampicillin interferes primarily with their enterohepatic circulation in the mother as has been established with reasonable certainty in the case of oestriol. PMID- 1242571 TI - Progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone in mother and child at birth. AB - In 14 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P) and 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-DHP) were determined by radioimmunoassay both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml blood or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal blood P 56 +/- 26, 20 alpha-DHP 16 +/- 8; placental tissue P 2514 +/- 1516, 20 alpha-DHP 429 +/- 412; placental blood P 365 +/- 160, 20 alpha-DHP 35 +/- 18; blood of the umbilical vein P 388 +/- 121, 20 alpha-DHP 33 +/- 15; blood of the umbilical arteries P 162 +/- 62, 20 alpha-DHP 28 +/- 10. In 5 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-DHP) and 20 beta dihydroprogesterone (20 beta-DHP) were also determined by gas-liquid chromatography both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml plasma or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal plasma P 129 +/- 49, 20 alpha-DHP 15 +/- 15, 20 beta-DHP 1.7 +/- 0.9; placental tissue P 5060 +/- 1435, 20 alpha-DHP 230 +/- 158, 20 beta-DHP 38 +/- 30; placental plasma P 723 +/- 245, 20 alpha-DHP 24 +/- 13, 20 beta-DHP 1.0 +/- 0.1; plasma of the umbilical vein P 740 +/- 227, 20 alpha-DHP 17 +/- 3, 20 beta-DHP 1.2 +/- 0.3; plasma of the umbilical arteries P 324 +/- 94, 20 alpha DHP 17 +/- 5, 20 beta-DHP 2.6 +/- 2.1. These results show that, contrary to the progesterone concentrations, no significant difference exists in the concentrations of 20 alpha-DHP and 20 beta-DHP between the blood from the umbilical vein and arteries. Furthermore, no significant difference could be found in the concentrations of P and 20 alpha-DHP between the sexes in either the blood from the umbilical vein or from the umbilical arteries. PMID- 1242570 TI - Progesterone 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone levels in different compartments from the human foeto-placental unit. AB - The endogenous levels of progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 20 beta dihydroprogesterone in different foetal tissues, in placental tissue and in foetal blood during pregnancy (week 9-25) were determined by gas-liquid chromatography or by radioimmunoassay. The identification of these steroids in foetal tissues was based on the behaviour in paper and thin-layer chromatography, the formation of different derivatives, and the retention times in gas-liquid chromatography. For additional identification of progesterone and 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone a mass spectrum was obtained. The average concentrations of progesterone (P), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-DHP) and 20 beta dihydroprogesterone (20 beta-DHP) in foetal tissues were as follows (ng/g wet weight tissue): brain, P 119.0 +/- 45.5, 20 alpha-DHP 86.9 +/- 44.7 and 20 beta DHP 9.7; lungs, P 257.7 +/- 195.7, 20 alpha-DHP 60.3 +/- 26.4 and 20 beta-DHP 7.8; liver, P 103.7 +/- 84.6, 20 alpha-DHP 95.2 +/- 89.8 and 20 beta-DHP 17.8; adrenals, P 295.7 +/- 90.0 20 alpha-DHP 254.5 +/- 194.6; kidneys, P 214.2 +/- 155.3 and 20 alpha-DHP 76.6 +/- 43.0; intestine, P 273.2 +/- 166.7, 20 alpha-DHP 77.9 +/- 51.2 and 20 beta-DHP 8.7; residual tissues, P 246.3 +/- 178.3 and 20 alpha-DHP 54.8 +/- 44.5. The average concentrations in placental tissue and in foetal plasma (week 12-18) were as follows (ng/g wet weight tissue or ng/ml plasma): placenta, P 2619. +/- 2153.6 and 20 alpha-DHP 461.0 +/- 155.9; foetal plasma, P 378.7 +/- 231.8 and 20 alpha-DHP 283.0 +/- 108.9. These results indicate that some foetal organs contain a high 20 alpha-reductase activity at least during the first half of pregnancy. PMID- 1242572 TI - Metabolism and mode of action of androgens in target tissues of male rats. V. Uptake and metabolism of cyproterone acetate and its influence on the uptake and metabolism of testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in target organs and peripheral tissues. AB - In order to get more information on the mode of action of anti-androgens, two series with low but biologically active doses of cyproterone acetate were started. In the first experiments 12 mug of [3H]cyproterone acetate was injected intravenously into adult rats castrated 3 days before treatment. Thirty min after injection the radioactivity uptake in the target organs and other tissues was measured. The metabolites were separated by thin layer chromatography. A large pool of radioactivity could be shown in the liver. Thin layer chromatography revealed that in this pool cyproterone acetate had been converted by more than 80% to one metabolite. In blood plasma, too, the metabolite accounted for the major part of radioactivity. When compared to skeletal muscle, the prostate, seminal vesicles, and m. bulbocavernosus and m. levator ani accumulated more radioactivity. Within 30 min unchanged cyproterone acetate was retained selectively thus showing its relative high affinity to target organs. In a second experimental series, adult castrated male rats were given 10 mug of cyproterone acetate intravenously 30 min before the injection of [3H]testosterone or [3H]5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Under this condition androgen uptake in target tissues was reduced to about 70% of the control values. The data parallel the results of in vivo studies on cytosol receptor displacement of androgens by cyproterone acetate. In agreement with previous investigators no significant influence of the anti-androgen on androgen metabolism was observed. The importance of the findings concerning the mode of anti-androgen action is discussed. PMID- 1242573 TI - Effects of oestradiol-17 beta benzoate treatment on fracture healing and bone collagen synthesis in female rats. AB - The influence of oestradiol-17 beta benzoate, 70 mug administered intramuscularly twice a week for up to four weeks, on collagen synthesis in fractured bones, was studied in young adult castrated female rats. The specific activity of [14C]hydroxyproline in the fracture region of the treated rats was constantly below that of the normal and the castrated control animals throughout the experimental periods. The percentage of incorporated 14C found as [14C]hydroxyproline was also reduced in the fracture regions of the oestrogen treated rats compared to the percentage observed in normal rats. During the first two weeks after fracture and the start of treatment, there was no differences in tensile strength of the fractures and no significant difference in collagen content of the fractured tibia of the 3 experimental groups. The weights of the unfractured tibiae in oestrogen treated rats were lower than those of the control animals. The findings suggest a "slow down" of collagen metabolism after administration of high doses of oestradiol. PMID- 1242574 TI - The effect of different doses of oestradiol-17 beta on collagen synthesis in the femur of castrated female rats. AB - The effect of different doses of oestradiol-17beta on collagen metabolism in the femur of castrated young mature female rats was studied. The animals received daily injections of the hormone for 21 days and 25 muCi [14C] proline was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before the rats were sacrificed. The rats receiving 1 mug oestradiol per day had a significantly higher specific activity of hydroxyproline in bone compared to the normal and the castrated control rats. At the same time the bone weights and collagen content per femur was less in the rats receiving oestradiol 1 and 2 mug/day than in the control animals. The higher specific activity of bone hydroxyproline in the rats receiving oestradiol-17beta 1 mug/day did not, however, indicate a higher bone collagen accretion rate. As all rats received the same amount of [14C] proline, and the body weights differed considerably at sacrifice, tha naimals probably had different tissue fluid concentrations of [14C] proline. This possibility was supported by the observation that serum concentrations of radioactivity were inversely correlated to body weights. "Correcting" for differences in body weights, the castrated control rats turned out to be the group with the highest specific activity. On doses of 10 and 20 mug oestradiol-17beta per day, the specific activity of hydroxyproline in bone was lower than in the control rats while bone weights and collagen content of the femur were not different from the corresponding values of the castrated controls. This finding suggests a "slow down" of collagen metabolism - both with regard to the accretion and the resorption. PMID- 1242575 TI - Adrenocortical responses following sciatic nerve stimulation in rats with partial hypothalamic deafferentations. AB - Studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the adrenocortical response following sciatic nerve stimulation is completely inhibited in rats with hypothalamic islands, indicating that this response depends entirely on the activation of afferent neural pathways to the hypothalamus. With the purpose of identifying the site of entry of these neural pathways into the mediobasal hypothalamus the effects of partial hypothalamic deafferentations were studied. It was found that in rats with posterior or posterolateral deafferentation the adrenocortical responses were similar to those obtained in intact rats, while anterior and anterolateral deafferentation resulted in a reduction of 62.3 and 53.3%, respectively. These results would indicate that the sciatic impulses which activate the adrenocortical response involve neural afferents which enter the mediobasal hypothalamus by an anterior pathway. PMID- 1242576 TI - The effects of dexamethasone and starvation on body composition and regional adipose tissue cellularity in the rat. AB - In order to examine regional effects of corticosteroids on the depot fat distribution a dose of dexamethasone that produced changes in fat cell weight (40 mug per kg per day) was administered to rats. Starved rats were included for comparison. Starvation caused a decrease in depot fat and fat cell weight proportional to the characteristic fat cell weight of that region. In comparison with the changes found in the depots of pair-fed rats the effects of dexamethasone in this dose were largely the same. The epididymal adipocytes behaved differently and were emptied more slowly than their weight indicated. PMID- 1242577 TI - Changes in ovarian and pituitary function in non-pregnant women during the infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - The concentrations of prostaglandin F2alpha, progesterone, oestradiol, LH and cortisol have been determined in serial samples of peripheral venous plasma, before, during and after, the intravenous administration of prostaglandin F2alpha (50 mug/min, for 5 h) to 8 women in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. The results show that the mean concentrations of prostaglandin F2alpha and cortisol increased during the infusion by factors of 8.8 and 2.6 respectively. The highest levels of cortisol occurred after 3 h, and were significantly different (P less than 0.0005, Student's t-test) from those obtained before the infusion. There were progressive decreases in the concentrations of LH and progesterone. After 3 h the values for LH were significantly lower (P less than 0.0025) than those before the administration of prostaglandin F2alpha, and the lowest mean value was 26% of the control. The values for progesterone were significantly lower (P less than 0.025) after 5 h, and the mean value at this time was 38% of the control. The pattern of the mean concentration for oestradiol was similar to that for progesterone. The levels of all 5 compounds had returned to normal within 1 h after completion of the infusion. The findings are discussed. PMID- 1242578 TI - Progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and testosterone levels in the follicular fluid of tertiary follicles and Graafian follicles of human ovaries. AB - Radioimmunoassays of testosterone (T), oestradiol-17 beta (Oe2) and progesterone (P) in the fluid of a total of 47 follicles of different degrees of maturity gave the following mean values: T: 49 ng/ml, Oe2: 932 ng/ml, P: 999 ng/ml. In normal, atretic and cystic tertiary follicles not larger than 1 cm and without luteinized theca interna the following mean values were calculated: T: 54 ng/ml, Oe2: 502 ng/ml, P: 368 ng/ml. In six women mature and less mature follicles were compared, the former having significantly higher Oe2 and higher P values but significantly lower T values than the latter. Genuine Graafian follicles were observed four times, once after HMG stimulation; the values observed lay within the following ranges: T: 12-35 ng/ml, Oe2: 1900-4100 ng/ml, P: 156-6000 ng/ml. The difference in concentration compared with cubital-vein blood before ovulation was highest for Oe2, suggesting a particularly marked aromatinzing activity of the follicles of that phase of the cycle. The findings suggest that in the course of accelerated follicular ripening prior to ovulation both the aromatizing enzyme and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase are activated, resulting in a sharper rise in Oe2 and P. The profuse production of P causes a transistory lack of precursors for androgen and oestrogen production (T and Oe2 declines). In the course of an overall increase in steroid production during the luteal phase - which probably goes hand in hand with an increased supply of pregnenolone - there is not only a pronounced rise in progesterone but also a moderate increase in oestrogen production. The androgens are transformed more rapidly into oestrogens on account of the marked activity of the aromatizing enzyme in the corpus luteum and thus show a decline in the luteal phase. PMID- 1242579 TI - Metabolism of oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone in the human uterus. AB - A study of the metabolism of oestradiol in the human endometrium and myometrium of the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle showed that the conversion of oestradiol to oestrone by endometrium in the proliferative phase was higher than that in the secretory phase. The decreased metabolic activity of the secretory phase endometrium was attributed to the influence of progesterone on the endometrium. The metabolic conversion of oestradiol to oestrone was enhanced when pyridine nucleotides were added to the system. The conversion of oestradiol to oestrone was maximum in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the endometrium. Furthermore, the conversion of oestradiol was low in all the subcellular fractions of the myometrium as compared with the endometrial subcellular fractions. The presence of co-factors increased the metabolic conversion of oestradiol to oestrone in the subcellular fractions of the endometrium. The presence of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was indicated in all the subcellular fractions. A correlation was found between the amount of oestradiol and oestrone bound to the receptors in the uterus and the rate of metabolism of oestradiol in the uterus. The physiological significance of metabolism of oestradiol and the hormone action are discussed. PMID- 1242580 TI - Circannual and circadian rhythms in plasma testosterone in five healthy young Parisian males. AB - Every other month, during the course of 14 months, the circadian rhythm in plasma testosterone (among others variables) of 5 healthy males (26 to 32 years) was documented. Subjects' synchronization: light-on at 7 +/- 1 h; light-off at 23 +/- 1.5 h during the whole year. Blood sampling 4-hourly, at fixed times during 28 h, for radioimmunological testosterone determinations. The cosinor method was used for statistical analyses. An annual rhythm in the testosterone 24-h mean is detected (P less than 0.025) with a peak in October (from 16 July to 26 December, with 95% confidence limits). Annual mean (+/-1 se)= 759 (+/- 26) ng/100 ml. Peaktrough difference=197 ng/100 ml (from 106 to 290 with 95% confidence limits). The timing of the testosterone circadian peak, in the 24-h-scales also varies during the course of the year. The peak is found around 8 h in May and around 14 h in November, this phase-shift being statistically significant (P less than 0.05). PMID- 1242581 TI - Asymmetrical gonadal differentiation and gonadoblastoma. Clinical, cytogenetic and histological findings. Case report. AB - A 10 10/12 years old virilized girl with the syndrome of asymmetrical gonadal differentiation is reported. The patient had a negative sex chromatin and positive Y chromatin (bright fluorescent body of Y chromosome) in the buccal smear and 45,X/46,XY karyotype in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. An exploratory laparotomy showed a small uterus, two Fallopian tubes, a tumoural testis on the right side and a streak on the left side. Pathological examination revealed the presence of gonadoblastoma in both gonads. The Y chromatin was identified on histological sections only on the side of the testis, and was absent on the streak and its gonadoblastoma's nests. The distribution of the different cell lines and the fluorescence of the Y chromosome is discussed in relation to gonadal differentiation and the occurrence of gonadoblastoma. PMID- 1242582 TI - RNA, protein and DNA synthesis stimulated by testosterone, insulin and prolactin in the rat ventral prostate cultured in chemically defined medium. AB - In an organ type tissue culture of the rat ventral prostate in a chemically defined medium insulin (0.08 IU/ml) stimulated the synthesis of RNA within 6-12 h, the synthesis of protein within 6-12 h and the synthesis of DNA within 2-4 days. Testosterone (10(-8)m) stimulated these synthetic processes somewhat more slowly: the synthesis of RNA within 12-24 h, protein within 12-24 h and DNA at 4 days. Rather high concentrations of insulin were needed while testosterone was effective at a physiological concentration. Prolactin (1000 ng/ml) stimulated the synthesis of RNA and protein, but not DNA, when added together with either testosterone or insulin, but was completely ineffective when added alone. The response times resembled those of insulin. The lower concentrations of prolactin were ineffective. Growth hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone did not stimulate the synthesis of RNA, protein or DNA even when added with testosterone. The results confirm the findings of the numerous in vivo experiments that the hypophyseal hormone prolactin has a direct effect on the ventral prostate. PMID- 1242583 TI - In vitro studies on collagen metabolism in metaphyseal rat bone. A. The effect of pre-treatment with oestradiol-17 beta. AB - The effect of oestradiol-17 beta treatment on bone collagen metabolism in vitro was studied in metaphyseal rat bone. Rats were oophorectomized and subsequently treated for 3 weeks with different doses of oestradiol-17 beta. Bone pieces were incubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium for 6 h. Synthesis of (14c)hydroxyproline from (14C)proline and the incorporation of this amino acid into the bone samples was determined and the collagen synthesis and accretion rates calculated from these data. Collagen resorption rates were calculated from measured release of non-radioactive hydroxyproline to the medium. Castration resulted in an increased rate of accretion and resorption of collagen. All doses of oestradiol tested in this study (1 to 20 mug per animal per day for 3 weeks) decreased both accretion and resorption rates to levels insignificantly different from those of the non-castrated control rats. Only the 2 mug treated group had significantly better collagen balance than the castrated untreated rats. PMID- 1242584 TI - In vitro studies on collagen metabolism in metaphyseal rat bone. B. The early effects of oestradiol-17 beta. AB - In vitro collagen metabolism in metaphyseal bone has been studied during the first few hours and days after the start of in vivo treatment of castrated female rats with various doses of oestradiol-17 beta. Already during the first 2 h after the start of treatment with oestradiol-17 beta 2 mug/day and within the first 24 h in the rats receiving 20 mug/day, a reduction of the collagen incorporation rate was demonstreated. The incorporation rates remained at approximately the same reduced level during the following 3 weeks. In rats receiving oestradiol-17 beta 1 mug/day no such reduced incorporation rate could be demonstrated during the first 36 h after the start of treatment. The bone collagen resorption rate was significantly elevated during the first 3 days of treatment in the animals receiving oestradiol-17 beta both 1 and 20 mug/day. After this time the resorption rates gradually fell to levels significantly below controls at 3 weeks after start of treatment. PMID- 1242586 TI - [Multiple myeloma and bone marrow fibrosis: report of an autopsy case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242585 TI - In vitro studies on collagen metabolism in metaphyseal rat bone. C. The effect of oestradiol-17 beta in hypophysectomized and in thyro-parathyroidectomized animals. AB - Oestradiol-17 beta has been administered to hypophysectomized/castrated and to thyro-parathyroidectomized/castrated young mature female rats. Treatment with oestradiol-17 beta 5 mug/day per animal, was continued for 3 weeks. Bone pieces from tibia/femur metaphyses were incubated in vitro for 3 h in order to establish the bone collagen synthesis and resorption rates. The results were compared to results from a previous study on castrated female rats with intact hypophysis, thyroid and parathyroid glands. Bone from the thyro parathyroidectomized/castrated rats treated with oestradiol-17 beta had a significantly reduced collagen resorption rate in vitro as compared to their paired controls. This is a result consistent with that of castrated female rats with intact thyroid and parathyroid glands treated with oestradiol. Oestradiol-17 beta had no detectable effect upon collagen metabolism in the hypophysectomized/castrated rats. It is concluded that the effect of oestradiol on bone resorption is not exerted via the parathyroid glands or parathyroid hormone. The possibility that oestrogens may act on bone via the hypophysis is discussed. PMID- 1242587 TI - [Some properties of the tissue plasminogen activators from the pig heart and ovary (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242588 TI - [Studies of a plasminogen activating system in human milk: II. Some properties of milk plasminogen activator (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242589 TI - [Pathobiochemical observations on porphyrias--the correlation between uroporphyrinogen I synthetase and III cosynthetase activity in congenital erythropoietic porphyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242590 TI - [The appearance and significance of megakaryocytes in central venous blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242591 TI - [Congenital qualitative platelet disorder associated with dysgamma-globulinemia and dwarfism: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242592 TI - [Studies on fixation and drying of blood cells for scanning electron microscopic observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242593 TI - In vitro studies on peroxidase movement in the epithelium of prostaglandin treated rabbit ciliary bodies. AB - The movement of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the epithelium of isolated rabbit iris/ciliary body preparations, has been studied with the electron microscope. HRP was applied at the stromal side of the epithelium, and was left for 60 and 120 min. The distribution pattern of HRP found in the epithelium of the iridial and ciliary processes is consistent with in vivo studies, i.e. the progression of HRP is blocked at the site of the zonula occludens of the superficial epithelium. The HRP distribution pattern found in the iris epithelium indicates that also the superficial epithelial cells of this epithelium are girdled by zonulae occludentes. Specimens treated with prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha, showed no change in the epithelial distribution pattern of HRP, and the occluding zonules were found to be intact. PMID- 1242594 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the blood-aqueous barrier of prostaglandin treated rabbit eyes. I. Iridial and ciliary processes. AB - Prostaglandins E1 and E2 were applied topically to rabbit eyes. Structures related to the blood-aqueous barrier in the iridial and ciliary processes, as well as the permeability of the ciliary epithelium to the protein tracer horseradish peroxidase, were studied with the electron microscope. Marked morphological changes, including dilations of the intercellular spaces and separation of the two epithelial cell layers, were found in the epithelium of the iridial processes. Only minor structural changes were found in the epithelium of the ciliary processes. Leakage of peroxidase through the intercellular spaces of the epithelium was demonstrated in the iridial processes and in the anterior parts of the ciliary processes. In the ciliary vessels of the same regions, opening of interendothelial gaps, platelet aggregations, microthrombi, and haemorrhages were found. In a previous in vitro study on the effects of prostaglandins on the movement of peroxidase in the ciliary epithelium, no structural changes of the epithelium were found, and the epithelial diffusion barrier to peroxidase was found to be intact. It is assumed that the breakdown of this barrier in vivo is secondary to vascular changes. PMID- 1242595 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the blood-aqueous barrier of prostaglandin treated rabbit eyes. II. Iris. AB - The distribution of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase in the iris of prostaglandin (E1 and E2)-treated rabbit eyes, has been studied with the electron microscope. Peroxidase was demonstrated in the stroma of all parts of the iris. The tracer was found throughout interendothelial clefts of iris vessels, indicating that these vessels had become permeable to peroxidase. The distribution of peroxidase in the iris epithelium indicates that the posteroir epithelial cells are girdled by zonulae occludentes. PMID- 1242597 TI - Covariation of the simultaneously recorded c-wave and standing potential of the human eye. AB - The c-wave and the directly recorded standing potential (SP) of the human eye were studied with the aid of a recently developed method including matched temperature stabilized calomel electrodes, d.c. amplifiers and a suction contact lens. This technique, which does not require general anaesthesia, permits simultaneous direct d.c. recordings of the SP and the c-wave in human volunteers during long-term experiments. Upon repetitive light flashes (stimulus duration 1 sec, interval 20 sec and flash intensity 4.5 rel. log units above b-wave threshold) both variables responded with slow amplitude oscillations with a frequency of about 2/hour. The oscillations were similar as to phases and frequencies. Both the potentials are held to be generated mainly in the pigment epithelium. Considering this partly common origin the observed covariation was an interesting finding. PMID- 1242596 TI - Effects of ethyl alcohol on the directly recorded standing potential of the human eye. AB - The effects of ethanol on the human standing potential (SP) were studied with a recently developed method, which allows direct SP recordings by means of a suction contact lens, temperature stabilized calomel electrodes and d.c. amplification. It is well known that the human SP oscillates with a frequency of about 2/hour in response to a sudden change in illumination. In the present paper marked cyclic variations of the SP, resembling damped oscillations, were provoked by a small oral dose of ethyl alcohol. A first maximum was reached after about 10 min. The difference in amplitude between the peak and the trough of the first oscillation was of the order of 4 mV. The oscillatory frequency was about 2/hour. The length of a cycle varied between 25 and 34 min in different volunteers, being fairly constant in the same subject on different occasions. The SP response to ethanol was similar both under scotopic and photopic conditions. The results correlate well with earlier findings of 2/hour oscillations in c-wave amplitude in response to ethanol, as may be expected considering the partly common origin of the c-wave and the SP. PMID- 1242598 TI - Management of traumatic retinal detachment with pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckling, and gas injection. AB - Vitreous involvement as a result of penetrating trauma complicates and worsens the prognosis in retinal detachment repair. Seven patients in whom poor visualization of the fundus seemed to preclude success by routine procedures underwent combined vitrectomy, scleral buckling, release of subretinal fluid, and intravitreal gas injection. The retina was successfully reattached in five of the seven patients, although postoperative visual acuity was limited - possible on account of the duration of retinal detachment prior to repair or because of the degree of macular involvement. PMID- 1242600 TI - Corneal thickness after cataract extraction with air in the anterior chamber. AB - A total of 135 patients had the corneal thickness measured prior to cataract extraction. The chamber was re-established by air in 86, while the remainder acted as controls. On the second postoperative day the corneal thickness had increased by 12.7% in the air-inflated group, and by 17.6% in the control group. On the sixth postoperative day the increases in thickness were 7.2 and 11.1% respectively. On follow-up control 6 to 12 months later the corneal thickness was as before the operation. Epithelial oedema was significantly more frequent in the control group. The conclusion is drawn that an air bubble in the anterior chamber has no unfavourable effect on the corneal endothelium. On the contrary, it seems to protect the endothelium from postoperative damage. PMID- 1242599 TI - Evolution of descending optic atrophy. A case report. AB - Fundus changes following severe trauma to the intracranial optic nerve were followed by means of serial fundus photography. The eye was completely blind. Little change was seen during the first 4 weeks. The retinal nerve fibre layer disappeared gradually during weeks 4 to 8. At the same time the retinal vessels turned narrow, and vascular pseudo-sheathing appeared close to the optic disc. Disc pallor was not maximal until the 12th week, when the peripapillary retina also had acquired a mottled appearance. PMID- 1242601 TI - Distribution of ascorbic acid in the ciliary body of albino rabbit, guinea pig and rat. AB - The distribution of ascorbic acid in the ciliary body has been demonstrated by means of a silver nitrate technique. It appeared that the basal cells in the pars plana region and in the valleys between the ciliary processes contain great amounts of ascorbic acid, in contrast to the basal cells over the processes proper which showed only traces. Rabbit and guinea pig revealed mainly the same findings, and quantitative differences occurred before and after intracardial injection of ascorbic acid. On the other hand, ascorbic acid was absent in the ciliary body of untreated rats, whereas only traces were found after intracardial injection of this substance. These species differences are in keeping with previous reports showing high concentration of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humour from rabbit/guinea pig, and no ascorbic acid at all in aqueous humour from rats. PMID- 1242602 TI - Retinal dystrophy combined with alopecia. AB - Retinitis pigmentosa or pigmentary retinal dystrophy is the most important group among the tapeto-retinal dystrophies. The degenerative process found in the retina has, in many cases, a corresponding counterpart in other parts of the body, most commonly in the CNS. Combinations of retinal dystrophy, and for instance, deafness or mental retardation are well known. Also combinations of retinal dystrophy and metabolic dyscrasia have been reported. Only few reports on the combination of retinal dystrophy and dermatological affections have been found. We have found two cases of almost total alopecia combined with retinal dystrophy. Since we have succeeded in finding a few similar cases in the literature we consider this apparently rare combination worth a somewhat closer analysis as it might constitute a specific entity. PMID- 1242603 TI - Mediastinal lymphosarcoma simulating pericarditis. AB - A case of lymphosarcoma of the heart in a 10-year-old boy is presented. The clinical picture simulated a pericarditis. Prednisolone had a remarkably good temporary effect. Post-mortem examination showed a highly differentiated lymphosarcoma invading the pericardium and myocardium from a primary mediastinal localisation. Cytologic examination for malignant cells in the pericardial fluid must not be forgotten in a case of unexplained pericardial effusion. PMID- 1242604 TI - Metabolic interaction of ethanol and alprenolol in isolated liver cells. PMID- 1242606 TI - The pain aggression induced by bronopol in the rat. PMID- 1242605 TI - The kinetics of propylthiouracil in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 1242607 TI - Some naturally occurring skin irritants. PMID- 1242608 TI - Distribution of 14C-morphine and macromolecules in the brain and liver and their nuclei in pregnant rats and their foetuses after infusion of morphine into pregnant rats at near-term. PMID- 1242609 TI - Concentration of tricyclic antidepressants in plasma, heart and skeletal muscle after their intravenous infusion to anaesthetized rabbits. PMID- 1242610 TI - The effect of dodecylsulphate upon net sodium and water transport from tied jejunal loops in anaesthetized rats. PMID- 1242611 TI - The effect of some ionized and neutral surfactants and bile acids upon sodium and water transport from tied jejunal loops in anaesthetized rats. PMID- 1242612 TI - Elimination of trimethoprim in swine: comparison of results obtained by three analytical methods. PMID- 1242613 TI - The effect of calcium, practolol, atropine and phenoxybenzamine on the rat atrial action potential at threshold and supra-threshold stimulation. PMID- 1242614 TI - The effect of a calcium-antagonistic drug, nifedipine, on the rat atrial action potential at different calcium levels. PMID- 1242615 TI - A study of Graves' disease in Iceland. AB - The incidence of Graves' disease and its response to treatment have been studied in Iceland, where the main environmental factor possibly affecting Graves' disease is a high iodine intake. The incidence was found to be similar or lower to that reported for Europe. The response to treatment with drugs and radioiodine does not differ from that found in other countries but recurrent hyperthyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy is more common in Iceland. PMID- 1242616 TI - Hydantoin derivatives and malignancies of the haemopoietic system. AB - Two patients are described who developed malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) after diphenylydantoin therapy because of epilepsy. Malignant lymphoma in a few patients receiving this medication has been described earlier. The literature has been reviewed and discussed recently by Rausing and Trell (2). PMID- 1242617 TI - Interrelationships between the B-vitamins in B12-deficiency neuromyelopathy. A possible malabsorption-malnutrition syndrome. AB - Five patients presenting clinically with a form B12-deficiency neuromyelopathy, with cord involvement in all and proximal muscle weakness in two of them, were investigated for their neurologic, hematologic and vitamin status. Megaloblastosis and achlorhydria were present in all, and impaired absorption of 57Co vitamin B12 and of D-xylose was detected in four. Total cyanide extracted vitamin B12 (A) was lowered in all cases and noncyanide extractable (B) in four of the five, being zero in three. All five responded to injections of hydroxocobalamin. In two patients sequential estimations showed that both A and B, especially the latter, rose steeply initially, normalizing at 50% of A after some weeks. Moiety B is suggested to be physiologically the more active and dissociable form of vitamin B12. Markedly elevated initial serum folate levels, and their subsequent fall under treatment with B12, indicated the operation of the "methyltetrahydrofolate trap". Blood levels of thiamin, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid were within normal limits. However, serum riboflavin (B2) total vitamin B6 and pyridoxal were reduced in all where tested. Vitamin B6 deficiency could have resulted from its own malabsorption and have contributed to be B12 deficiency. Vitamin B2 and B6 levels also corrected themselves on B12 therapy. The B-vitamin deficiencies in our patients probably resulted from intestinal malabsorption, with a possible factor of malnutrition consequent to their strictly vegetarian diet. PMID- 1242618 TI - Palpation thyroiditis (multifocal granulomatour folliculitis). AB - Disseminated inflammatory lesions constituting a multifocal granulomatous folliculitis in the thyroid are described. These lesions were present in the majority (greater than 83%) of thyroids removed surgically because of thyroid or nonthyroid (carcinoma of the larynx) disease. They also were found at autopsy in patients who died while hospitalized but not in those who died at home. An identical lesion was produced experimentally in dogs by vigorously squeezing their thyroids. The human folliculitis is believed to result from traumatic injury or rupture of isolated thyroid follicles caused by palpation of the gland (palpation thyroiditis). Palpation thyroiditis may have little, if any, clinical importance. The remote possibility that it might be associated with iatrogenically produced metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is being investigated. PMID- 1242619 TI - Extrarenal erythropoietin and erythrogenin production in the anephric rat. AB - Serum erythropoietin and liver erythrogenin activity were studied in nephrectomized, male rats under variations in intensity and length of hypoxic exposure. In the anephric rat, serum erythropoietin levels parallel liver erythrogenin activity under both mild hypoxia (0.42 atm of air) and severe hypoxia (0.35 atm of air) over a 30-h time period. Further studies demonstrate that anephric rats subjected to 24 h of mild hypoxia, at a time when no elevated serum erythropoietin was detected, could once again be stimulated to produce extrarenal serum erythropoietin which was associated with elevated liver erythrogenin activity. These observations suggest that extrarenal erythropoietin production involves an erythrogenin-serum mechanism similar to the one postulated for renal erythropoietin production. PMID- 1242620 TI - [The influence of enflurane (ethrane) on surface activity of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - Enflurane (Ethrane), a new inhalation anesthetic, was examined for possible surfactant alterating properties. To elucidate this question two groups of rabbits underwent investigation: the first group (5 animals) was mechanically ventilated with room air over a five hour period. In the second group (7 animals) for the same period Enflurane in clinical dosages was added the inspired gas. At the end of the procedure in neither group could signs of impaired lung surface activity be detected: All rabbits showed normal blood gas values, normal pressure volume diagrams and physiologic behaviour of lung extracts in the wilhelmy balance. We conclude first that artificial ventilation "per se" does not harm lung surfactant and second that Enfluran anesthesia is a good choice for outstanding long procedures as well as for patients with already impaired surface activity of the lung, because there seems to be little risk of aggravating the situation. PMID- 1242621 TI - Iodide-induced (SSKI) hypothyroidism in infancy. PMID- 1242622 TI - Chemotherapy for canine lymphosarcoma. AB - Twenty dogs with naturally occurring lymphosarcoma were histologically diagnosed, clinically staged, and treated with combinations of drugs, including corticosteroids, alkylating agents, plant alkaloids and antimetabolities. Clinical response was categorized as complete, partial, or unsatisfactory. Of the 20 dogs, 17 responded to the chemotherapy completely or partially, with a mean objective remission duration of 104.8 days. The mean survival time for 19 dogs was 211.5 days, whereas the mean survival time for 16 dogs which responded completely or partially was 233.7 days. PMID- 1242623 TI - Malabsorption syndrome with cow's milk intolerance. Clinical findings and course in 54 cases. AB - Fifty-four infants with the malabsorption syndrome and cow's milk intolerence seen during 1962-1971 were investigated. All had diarrhoea and failed to thrive. Most had vomiting and about 20% had atopic eczema and recurrent respiratory infections. Laboratory investigations revealed malabsorption, raised serum IgA, and precipitins to cow's milk. Biopsies showed that the jejunal mucosa was damaged, and in about half the cases was flat. The patient did well on human milk but reacted clinically to cow's milk challenge, either in a few hours or gradually during 3-4 weeks. Some patients showed first a quick, but later a slow, reaction. Clinical symptoms of cow's milk intolerance disappeared at the age of about one year. At that time 81% had normal faecal fat, but only 29% had a normal proximal jejunal mucosa. Many of the patients developed intolerances to other food proteins, such as soya and wheat, if these were given during the sensitive period. Forty-two patients have been followed up for 2 years on a normal gluten containing diet. Of these, 37 have a normal or nearly normal jejunal mucosa and 5 (12%) have subtotal villous atrophy indicative of coeliac disease. It is concluded that the malabsorption syndrome with cow's milk intolerance is a clear cut clinical entity. However, the symptomatology, results of laboratory tests, and jejunal biopsy findings closely resemble those of other entities where damage to the intestinal mucosa causes a malabsorption snydrome. Follow-up studies showed that the disease is transient, but about 10% of the patients have coeliac disease, regarded in such cases as the primary disorder. PMID- 1242624 TI - Netherton's syndrome: an electronmicroscopic study. AB - An ultrastructural study of 2 patients with Netherton's syndrome (bamboo hair, scaling dermatosis, and an atopic diathesis) showed features of psoriasis and a dermatitis. Although the biopsies from the patients showed histological and ultrastructural similarities, the clinical presentations were different. One patient had ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, while the other had a generalized ichthyosiform eruption. The ultrastructural findings in the 2 patients, while not specific, may help distinguish the eruption of Netherton's syndrome from other scaling dermatoses. PMID- 1242625 TI - Study of the action of some centrally acting drugs on the EEG and on a conditioned avoidance reflex in the rabbit. AB - A study was carried out on the effect of perphenazine, diazepam, benactyzine, morphine and a new central analgesic, viminol, onboth EEG and behaviour in rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes trained to a conditioned escape reflex. The results obtained are discussed considering the mechanism and site of action of the different drugs: the experimental procedure adopted is recommended to obtain additional informations on the properties of centrally acting drugs. PMID- 1242626 TI - Gynaecological tuberculosis, past, present and future. AB - Until the introduction of the anti-tuberculosis drugs about 25 years ago, the treatment of tuberculosis of the female genital tract was generally unsatisfactory although many different forms of therapy were employed. Surgery was associated with a high incidence of post-operative complications, particularly of fistula, and an appreciable mortality rate. The position improved greatly after the introduction of the anti-tuberculosis drugs. Several drug programmes were employed by the writer, the best results being obtained with a combination of streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid for at least 18 months. Where drug treatment had failed, or where pelvic masses developed, surgery under drug cover was employed. No serious complications and no fatalities occurred in these patients. The question of possible transmission through sexual intercourse of male genitourinary tuberculosis is being investigated. A new drug programme is now being employed, the drugs used being streptomycin, ethambutol and isoniazid. PMID- 1242627 TI - [Oocytes morphology of tertiary follicles in women with normal and disturbed ovarian function (author's transl)]. AB - During gynecological operations 2 to 20 mm tertiary ovarian follicles were punctured in 65 women aged from 20 to 50 years. 205 eggcells were obtained. Histological examination of these eggcells revealed the following results: 1. Oocytes of small tertiary follicles are not increasing in size during maturation of the follicle. The average diameter of the ooplasma is 109 mu. The most impressive morphological criterium of imminent ovulation in oocytes from Graafian follicles is a loose cloud of granulosa cells. 2. The puncture of all visible tertiary follicles of both ovaries revealed an average of 6 eggcells in younger women (28 to 40 years), but only 3 eggcells in older women (41 to 53 years). In both groups signs of degeneration were observed in one out of 3 eggcells. In cases of anovulatory cycles and Stein-Leventhal-Syndrom, up to 16 eggcells could be obtained from both ovaries, most of them with signs of degeneration. 3. No differences in the number of eggcells and the number of degenerated oocytes could be found during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The degeneration of the oocytes can begin at any phase of the cycle. Even in the follicles of the preovulatory phase measuring more then 1 cm in diameter eggcells with signs of degeneration could be found. PMID- 1242629 TI - [Electron microscopical investigations on the so-called reserve cells in the cylindrical epithelium of the human cervix uteri (author's transl)]. AB - By electron microscopical investigations on the cylindrical epithelium of the human cervix uteri there can be shown that the regeneration of the endocervical epithelium takes place from bipotent reserve cells, which are of fetal origin, lying in the basal layer of the epithelium. These cells are able for mitosis even in postnatal life. The reserve cells differentiate if necessary to squamous cells or secretory cells by forming typical cell organelles. There is a discussion about the question whether the reserve cells are persisting elements from fetal life or whether the numeral balance of the endocervical epithelium is kept by permanent mitosis. PMID- 1242628 TI - [Hydroxyproline concentration in normal and pathologic altered placentae of the second part of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - By using microanalytic Hydroxyproline (HP)-determination method (Woessner and Stegemann) the content of collagen in 50 normal and pathologicaltered placentae of the second part of pregnancy was measured. A positive linear correlation is demonstrated between HP-concentration and age of pregnancy in normal placentae. Most of the pathologic altered placentae have a lower content of collagen. HP content measured in main stem and terminal villi of further 35 placentae showed the essential influence of the main stem villi on total placental collagen concentration. In the second part of gestation the HP-concentrations of the main stem villi rise on a factor about 5-6, in the terminal villi they remain constant. The values measured within both groups of villi show a great dispersion. The quantitative results were compared with the histology of the placentae. PMID- 1242630 TI - [Immunochemical investigations on the protein of the "pregnancy zone". X. Demonstration of immunosuppressive activities of the pregnancy-associated alpha2 glycoprotein (pregnancy zone protein) by means of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test (author's transl)]. AB - By means of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test the supposed immunosuppressive activity of the pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein (pregnancy zone protein) could be demonstrated significantly. Pregnancy sera and sera of nonpregnant women with hormonal contraception containing this pregnancy protein showed an immunosuppresive activity, too. On the contrary, serum of male donors with the blood group AB and human serum albumin had no inhibitory effects. The results suggest that the pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein rather influences the afferent limb of the immune response and does not interfere with the activity of the mediator (migration inhibiting factor). PMID- 1242631 TI - [Studies on placental blood flow under drug induced hypertension (animal experiments) (author's transl)]. AB - Placental blood-flow rates in rabbits were measured by the indirect method of local apparent conductivity. In our experiments, hypertension was produced by injection or infusion of hypertensive drugs. As a result of hypertension we observed a marked decrease in placental blood flow. Vasoconstriction seems to be the pathophysiologic mechanism causing the reduced blood flow rate. Accordingly, the placenta may not be considered as a "priviledged organ" in circulatory regulations. In our experiments, placental ischemia subsequently to ligatures did not produce hypertension so that the production of a placental pressor-substance could not be demonstrated. If we assume a circulus vitiosus hypertension placental ischemia-hypertension, the hypertension seems to be the primary cause. PMID- 1242632 TI - [Contribution to the determination of thallium in human head hair in forensic cases with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry]. AB - Among various procedures for the determination of thallium as a toxic element, micro-techniques by means of flameless AAS play an important role in hair analysis. Referring to two cases of T1-intoxication laboratory procedures, techniques and instrumentation are reported, which prove to be useful, sensitive, and fast. Considerations concerning sample preparation, contamination problems and compensation of spectral background effects by a duochannel spectrophotometer are discussed. PMID- 1242633 TI - Experimental drug intoxication: treatment with charcoal haemoperfusion. AB - Dogs were given large doses of barbiturates, glutethimide, ethanol, methaqualone, ethchlorvynol, meprobamate, chloral hydrate, paracetamol and aspirin. These were treated by haemoperfusion using a column packed with charcoal coated with an acrylic hydrogel. Clearances for most drugs were significantly higher than those reported for haemodialysis. Minimal clearances of common biochemical entities were observed and although leucocyte and platelet counts were diminished, no deleterious effects attributable to this were encountered. Careful histological examination of tissues derived from perfused dogs revealed no evidence of charcoal emboli. PMID- 1242635 TI - [Detection and determination of parathion and p-nitrophenol in biological material by reverse-phase-high-power-liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - In 2 persons (female and male) who committed suicide reverse-phase-high-power liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect, in the first case, Parathion in the stomach and blood as well as p-Nitrophenol in the kidneys, and in the second case, p-Nitrophenol in the urine. The Parathion in the stomach was analyzed in quantity, directly and also after hydrolysis to p-Nitrophenol. The results were checked with gas-chromatographic and spectralphotometric methods. PMID- 1242634 TI - Studies with activated charcoal in the treatment of drug overdosage using the pig as an animal model. AB - Pigs were given large oral doses of paracetamol, amylobarbitone and amitriptyline. The effect of administering activated charcoal at varying intervals after dosing on the blood drug-level profiles of paracetamol and amylobarbitone was assessed by comparison with the profiles obtained when charcoal therapy was withheld. An appreciable effect on paracetamol absorption was demonstrated when charcoal was given up to 1 h after dosing. The amylobarbitone-dosed pigs exhibited delayed gastro-intestinal absorption of drug and this was substantially reduced by activated charcoal given 4 hrs after dosing. The pigs metabolised amitriptyline at too high a rate for meaningful studies to be undertaken with this drug. PMID- 1242636 TI - Biliary excretion of 7Be and its distribution after intravenous administration of 7BeCl2 in rats. AB - Wistar female rats were given two i.v. doses of 7BeCl2 (dose A = 0.025 mg Be2+/kg b.w.; dose B = 0.25 mg Be2+/kg b.w.). The rats were decapitated at 5, 24, and 48 hrs after administration. The kinetics of 7Be bile excretion during the 5 hrs after administration, as well as 7Be retention in selected organs and the urine and stool excretion of beryllium were investigated. Significant differences between the effect of both doses were found particularly in the shape of biliary excretion curves of 7Be. Unproportionally higher 7Be blood levels after a higher dose persisted for a longer period of time. The decrease of 7Be in blood after a higher dose between the 5th and 24th hr after the administration was accompanied by an increased content of 7Be in the liver and spleen as well as by an increased urine excretion. The results obtained tend to prove that the reticuloendothelial system mainly participated in beryllium retention. Urine represents the main excretion route of beryllium after a parenteral administration. PMID- 1242637 TI - Heredity of hexobarbital sleeping time and efficiency of drug metabolism in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Nature of considerable variability of hexobarbital sleeping time and drug metabolism efficiency within a single strain of rats were investigated. Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats with shorter than average hexobarbital sleeping time had also higher rates of in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of hexobarbital, aminopyrine, aniline and benzene, higher liver weight, microsomal protein content and P-450 level, and faster hexobarbital blood level decline (but similar volumes of distribution) after intraperitoneal hexobarbital sodium than those with relatively longer hexobarbital sleeping time, but awakened with the same hexobarbital blood level. The differences were maintained throughout the life of rats and inherited in their offspring. It indicated a possible genetic control of hexobarbital sleeping time and efficiency of drug metabolisms with apparent differences in selection response for Type I and Type II substrates (hexobarbital and aminopyrine vs aniline): it might indicate different heredity mechanism for these types of substrates. Stronger hexobarbital narcotic effect in females was associated with the rate of hexobarbital metabolism, but also with higher brain sensitivity. Hexobarbital sleeping time pattern indicated more general pattern of drug metabolism (better for Type I substrates) and success of selection of rats for different efficiency of drug metabolism (up to 8-fold differences in F5 generation) suggested considerable genetic non-homogeneity of two common strains of laboratory rats. PMID- 1242638 TI - Dominant lethal test in mice with 6-mercaptopurine. PMID- 1242640 TI - Medical complications following intravenous heroin. PMID- 1242639 TI - Two unusual barbiturate deaths. AB - The case histories and toxicological examination of two unusual fatal barbiturate poisonings are presented. One case involved the suicidal ingestion of a veterinarian euthanasia preparation containing pentobarbital which resulted in extremely high concentrations of the drug in the blood and liver. The second case involved the suicidal ingestion of vinbarbital, a drug no longer available on the american pharmaceutical market. The case exemplifies the necessity for definitive and analytical procedures for the identification of drugs in biological samples. Identification of pentobarbital and vinbarbital was by infrared spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography. Quantitation of these drugs was by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. PMID- 1242641 TI - The pattern of meniscus damage in the rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-seven knees with rheumatoid arthritis were synovectomized. The changes at the cartilage surface were always more grave when seen at the operation as was expected from the conventional X-rays. On the other hand degenerative changes of the menisci were more advanced than those in the cartilages. An important destructive factor was the almost constant pannus-filled erosion found at the upper corner of the tibia under the menisci. Thus, it is indicated to remove the menisci if they show a slightest degree of destruction. PMID- 1242642 TI - The presence of alkaline phosphatase in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in the normal state and in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A study has been carried out on the alkaline phosphatase activity in trabecular bone in the normal state, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Samples were taken from the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in all cases. The reason for this study was to investigate whether changes in rheumatoid bone like trabecular microfractures and healing reactions were parallelled by a mineralization process which could be demonstrated by an increased alkaline phosphatase activity and compared to that in osteoarthritic and normal bone. This investigation disclosed that the alkaline phosphatase activity in rheumatoid bone did not differ much from either osteoarthritis or normal bone. PMID- 1242643 TI - In vitro morphological study of cochlear epithelium. AB - 1. The mammalian cochlear epithelium was successfully kept alive in long-term tissue cultures. The Na and K concentration of the culture medium was similar to that of perilymph. 2. The most vulnerable cells in the culture epithelium were the outer and inner hair cells followed by the inner zones cells and the interdental cells of the spiral limbus. The difference in disintegration time between the outer and inner hair cells was about 48 hrs under the same culture conditions. The same phenomenon was noted between the rows of outer hair cells. 3. When the outer hair cells were not supported by Deiters' cells or when the cochlear epithelium was separated between Deiters' cells and Hensens cells, the outer hair cells degenerated quickly. 4. The interdental cells appeared to be relatively highly differentiated and showed much activity. No evidence of secretory function of interdental cells could be obtained. 5. The inner sulcus cells, Hensens cells, Claudius' cells and Reissners membrane cells were flattened and arranged like covering epithelium. PMID- 1242644 TI - [Measurement of sound transmitted through the body while drilling and grinding isolated petrous temporal bone (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the effect of rotating drills and grinders on isolated fresh temporal bone on the sound transmitted through the body have not previously been made known. In contrast to measurement of air-conducted sound, they include the portion of sound which effects the hearing apparatus of the patient through the bone during the process of drilling the temporal bobe. Measurements were made with a calibrated acceleration pick-up in conjunction with a precision sound level meter (test amplifier with sound frequency analyser). The recording was made continuously between 20 Hz and 20 000 Hz. The range between 250 Hz and 8000 Hz was examined mathematically. Above 8000 Hz the curves dropped markedly, apart from a few exceptions. The level of the sound depends largely on the size of the drill bit, and consequently on the breadth and depth of the rotating cutting edges. The smaller drill heads produce a considerably smaller quantity of sound. The highest level of sound comes from the burrs and wing-cutters. The diamond head lies lower in the scale, but almost equals the effect of the steel drills. The speed of rotation of the drill head plays only a subordinate role. Between 16 000 and 80 000 r.p.m. the values are the same. In the region of 10 000 r.p.m. the sound level is frequently reduced, even if a few loud peaks may still occur here. The type of drilling machine, the handpiece or transmission handpiece used have no effect. Altogether, the rotary drill produces less sound transmitted to the inner ear through the body than through the air. PMID- 1242645 TI - [Ultrahistochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphatase in hair cells of the guinea pig organ of corti (author's transl)]. AB - This study is concerned with the ultrahistochemical demonstration of glucose-6 phosphatase activity and its localization in inner and outer hair cells of the guinea pig organ of Corti. The enzyme activity has been demonstrated by a method according to Hugon et al. (1970). In hair cells of the organ of Corti a characteristic distribution pattern of reaction products has been registered. Subsurface cisterns and the Hensen's bodies of outer hair cells were heavily loaded with reaction products. In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane as well as postsynaptic cisterns were rich in precipitates. With regard to their morphologic pecularities the inner hair cells show a more homogeneous distribution of enzyme activity. The findings corroborate the former assumption of a genetic relationship of either subsurface cisterns and Hensen's body to the endoplasmic reticulum of outer hair cells. Furthermore, the high glucose-6-phosphatase activity of both subsurface cisterns and Hensen's bodies are considered indicative of their participitation in the energy metabolism of outer hair cells. Referring to biochemical studies of Thalmann and associates (1973), the narrow spatial relationship of glucose-6-phosphatase positive ER membranes to mitochondria presumably represents a morphologic correlation of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways in the guinea pig organ of Corti. PMID- 1242646 TI - A study of neurone activity in the spiral ganglion of the cat's basal turn. AB - A small region of the spiral ganglion in the cat was surgically exposed through the round window. Metal microelectrodes were used to record extracellularly the electrical activity of single spiral ganglion cells. The response characteristics of the cells seemed to be, in general, similar to those seen for auditory-nerve fibres recorded with micropipets in the internal auditory meatus. Data are presented on spontaneous activity, tuning curves, responses to clicks, continuous tones, tone bursts and noise bursts. The relation between frequency selectivity of units and location along the basilar membrane is discussed. -Some units differed in behaviour from auditory-nerve fibres with respect to dead times in interspike-interval histograms and shapes of poststimulus-time histograms of responses to tone bursts and noise bursts. The significance of these deviations is unknown. PMID- 1242647 TI - [The influence on sound damages by an extract of ginkgo biloba (author's transl)]. AB - A fraction of Ginkgo biloba, used in experiments with animals ensured significantly the diminution of sound damages caused by white noise or by a pure tone of 4.5 kHz. Higher amplitudes of the acoustic nerve potentials show the protective effect of this fraction of Ginkgo biloba at acute sound damages. It is moreover possible to hold physiologically the adaptation of excitation of the hair cells of the organ of Corti by the fraction of Ginkgo biloba before and after sound damage caused by white noise or during a pure tone of 4.5 kHz. The influence of the fraction of Ginkgo biloba can be seen by a significantly slower recovery of the noise damaged evoked potentials of the acoustic cortex. An efferent protective influence on the neurons of the acoustic cortex is discussed. The fraction of Ginkgo biloba in this form of solution has not been tested for clinical use but it seems to be rich in meaning. PMID- 1242648 TI - [The minimal freezing temperature for a necrosis of the epidermis and the influence of cryoprotective agents (author's transl)]. AB - The sensitiveness to cold of the epidermis (cold threshold) is determined on the auricular skin of 24 rabbits, using freezing temperatures of -10, -15, -20, -25, 30, and -40 degrees C and a freezing time of 30 sec. The experiments are performed with and without application of cryoprotective agents (DMSO, glycerol and aethanol in a 10% solution) before cryosurgery. Only at -20 degrees C a necrosis of the epidermis is seen whereas after application of cryoprotective agents before freezing a necrosis of the epidermis first appears at -30 degrees C. Following these experiments clinically it might be possible to protect the epidermis in the periphery of the freezing area up to a certain degree with the use of cryoprotective agents, so that a topographically more concentrated epidermis-necrosis and therefore a limitation of the cryoeffect to the epidermis to a certain degree could be possible. PMID- 1242649 TI - Evaluation of total pharyngolaryngectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer. AB - In 37 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer treated by total pharyngolaryngectomy and radical neck dissection, the 5 year cure rate was 30%. Among these patients, T-1 and T-2 tumors had a 57% and 47% 5 year cure rate respectively. Better results were obtained in those patients with tumor of the posterior pharyngeal wall and tumor of sinus pyriformis extending toward postcricoid region or toward the larynx. In 14 patients treated with various approaches of partial pharyngolaryngectomy, the 5 year cure was 53%. It is concluded that the conservation surgery is the operation of choice for the tumors of T-1 and T-2 in securing the total cure and preserving the laryngeal function. PMID- 1242650 TI - Does Reissner's membrane influence the ionic composition of the endolymph and the endocochlear potential? PMID- 1242651 TI - Fetal lung and kidney maturation in abnormal pregnancies. AB - A variety of gestational factors have been reported to increase or decrease the incidence of hyaline membrane disease in newborn infants. The purpose of the current study was to determine if some of these factors influence the rate at which fetal lung structures mature. Histologic measures of lung maturation were retarded in some infants with Rh erythroblastosis and in some whose mothers had diabetes mellitus. By contrast, such maturation was accelerated in offspring of some toxemic gestations and in those whose membranes had ruptured before the onset of labor. Congenital bacterial pneumonia with intact membranes did not accelerate maturation. None of the factors that altered lung maturity influenced renal maturation. PMID- 1242652 TI - [Importance of double-contrast arthrography for the diagnosis of injuries of the meniscus]. PMID- 1242653 TI - Stimulatory effects of various polyamines on cell-free polyphenylalanine synthesis by Bacillus thiaminolyticus. PMID- 1242654 TI - [Quantitative determination of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and trofosfamide and their stable metabolites on TLC-plates with the aid of 4-pyridine-aldehyde-2 benzothiazolyl-hydrazone (PBH) (author's transl)]. AB - Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and trofosfamide can be analysed quantitatively together with their stable alkylating urine metabolites on TL-plates by means of the PBH-reagent (4-pyridine-aldehyde-2-benzothiazolyl-hydrazone). The method requires only 0.01 ml urine, but a careful standardisation is necessary by using reference substances. The minimum measurable amounts are between 0.25 and 0.5 mug. In the urines of rat and man the carboxy derivatives and the dechloroethyl derivatives, respectively, resulting from side chain oxidation, are predominant next to cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, or trofosfamide, respectively. Side chain oxidation can be prevalent, as we have found in some patients treated with ifosfamide. The method described allows not only the calculation of time functions for the excretion of PBH-reactive substances but also in vitro investigations of the chemokinetic properties of cyclophosphamide derivatives under physiological conditions. PMID- 1242655 TI - [Antimicrobial action of potential isothiocyanate forming substances 7th communication (author's transl)]. AB - A number of (N-aryl-dithiocarbamino)-alkanecarbonic acids bearing halogen substituents and related compounds are described which may be considered potential isothicyanate forming substances. The in vitro fungistatic activity of these compounds was investigated and the results obtained compared with those of captan and thiram. It was demonstrated that the halogen substituted (N-aryl) dithiocarbamino)-alkanecarbonic acids exert an intensive fungistatic effect with a wide spectrum of activity and that the most active of them are equal to captan and thiram. PMID- 1242656 TI - [Relations between the physico-chemical properties, the chemical reactivity and the local-anesthetic activity/part 33: studies on the interactions of local anesthetically active cinchocaine homologues with phospholipids (author's transl)]. AB - The general part consists of a review on nerve stimulus mechanism as well as the nerve structure and the function of nerve membrane as the site of action of local anesthetics. Furthermore a possibility of interaction between local anesthetics and the membrane components especially phospholipids is discussed. These phospholipids show interesting properties with respect to ions as well as local anesthetics, which allow us to suppose that they are important participants in nervous stimulus transmission. In the experimental part two methods are described. The first deals with the measurement of electrical resistance as function of time at cephalin and cholesterin impregnated filter membrane in solutions of cinchocain homologues. An increase in the resistance with the increase in concentration of test substances was observed. The same was the effect of increasing chain length in alkoxy group where after butoxy derivative, a deformation of membrane was observed. In the second method the drug binding capacity of cephalin dispersed in aqueous medium was measured. Here, too, the increase in the binding capacity with the increase in alkoxy chain was observed. The large difference in free binding energy between two subsequent homologues is explained as the effect of increase in van der Waals' forces and hydrophobic interactions on one hand, and a change in colloidal form of cephalin dispersion on the other hand. PMID- 1242657 TI - [MASCA-model of the biochemical-pharmacological drug research. Part 3: Structure activity relationships and KANORA (author's transl)]. AB - The KANORA (multivariate regression and correlation analysis) leads to a combination with the multivariate structure-activity analysis which encloses the time-, dose-response and biological screening analysis. Drug-receptor interactions can be considered in connection with structure-action relationship. The importance of the analysis of "nonsense"-correlations (by using the partial correlation) and the model II of regression analysis is demonstrated. PMID- 1242658 TI - [Predictability of the activity of drug combinations--yes or no (author's transl)]. AB - The following experiments were carried out on the question of the "predictability" of the effect of drug combinations. A methanol extract from Viscum album causes a rise in coronary perfusion in isolated and perfused (Langendorff's method) guinea pig hearts. Administration of a methanol extract from Crataegus oxyacantha results not only in a rise in coronary perfusion, but also in a positive inotropic effect. Combined application of the drugs leads to a pure addition of effects, which are therefore "predictable". Extracts from Rhamnus frangula, Rheum sinens. and Senna lead to a dose-dependent reduction in the gastro-intestinal passage time. Combining the three extracts results in a pure addition of the effects. An extract from Potentilla anserina, which when given alone lengthens the gastrointestinal passage time, antagonises the laxative effect of extracts from Rheum sinens., Rhamnus frangula and Senna. All the effects we tested in the area of the gastro-intestinal tract behaved in a purely additive way and were therefore "predictable". When given separately the ethereal oils menthol, oleum juniperi, borneol and eugenol as well as dehydrocholic acid Na-salt and alpha-naphthyl acetic acid-Na-salt cause, in rats, a dose-dependent increase in bile flow. Combining two or three of these substances results in a pure addition of the effects. The effects of all the test substances were therefore "predictable". When given separately valepotriate, morphine, scopolamine, ajmalicine, rescinnamine, reserpinine and reserpine, as depressants of the central nervous system (CNS), lead to a dose-dependent lengthening of hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. However, when combined, these substances lead to a lengthening of hexobarbital sleeping time which is well above what was to be expected following application of the single substances. So, it can happen that the combination of the two single doses which, when taken separately produce no effect, leads to a lengthening of hexobarbital-induced sleeping time by more than 100 percent. In the case of CNS depressants, it is therefore true to say that their effect, when given in combination, was "unpredictable". It can be seen from these findings that, at least in the case of the tested extracts and single substances, which are all of plant origin, the "predictability" of the effect of the test substances in combination is the rule, and the "unpredictability" the exception. In addition the investigations may give further information concerning the methods as to how the question of "predictability" can be studied experimentally. PMID- 1242659 TI - [Radiochromatography studies on the metabolism of 3H-cyclophosphamide in sheep]. AB - Radiochromatic analyses were made in serum and urine sample fractions as well as in extracts of different organs of a ewe and a ram up to 5 and 14 days, resp., after a single oral dose of 30 mg 3H-cyclophosphamide/kg bodyweight. In a polar and an unpolar system cyclophosphamide (CPM) and up to 7 more hydrophilic and up to 5 more lipophilic metabolites could be characterized by their typical Rf values. The following results were obtained: 1. At the maximum (1 h p.a.) CPM only showed 25 percent of the total serum concentration and a very short half life (t 1/2) in the fall of concentration of about 1 h. It was to be analysed up to 48 h. The intensive metabolism was confirmed by a low renal excretion of about 1 percent of the dose. The lipophilic metabolites showed very low concentrations in serum except of 4-keto-CPM, which was analysed over a limited time with higher concentrations but a short half-life; 3 and 8 percent, resp., of dose were excreted in form of this metabolite with urine. 2. 1 or 2, resp., more hydrophilic metabolites with alkylating activity are the chief breakdown products of CPM in sheep. Their part of the total serum concentration falls from 50 percent at the maximum to 25 percent after 24 h. 40 percent of the oral dose were eliminated with urine in form of these metabolites. NH-mustard was found in very low concentration in serum and urine. The course of concentration of these alkylating substances (t 1/2 2 h) corresponds very well with the concentration of the total alkylating activity (NBP-test). 3 mainly hydrophilic metabolites were analysed in all serum and urine samples. 3. More than 90 percent of the residual concentrations found in the organs and tissues after killing the animals were due to alkylating reactions with biologically active metabolites. The analysed more lipophilic breakdown products in the extracts of organs seem to be metabolized to inactive, more hydrophilic substances. CPM was found in smallest concentrations (mug/kg) only in lungs and thymus of the ewe and in kidneys and muscle of the ram. The alkylating main metabolite was questionably analysed only in liver and lung of the ewe. The alkylating reactions reach their maximum at about 2 h p.a. and may be terminated by 48 h p.a. PMID- 1242660 TI - [The effects of elevated calcium concentrations in artificial cerebrospinal fluid on pial arteries during perivascular microperfusion and the Ca++-antagonistic effect of bencyclane (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 6, 9 and 18 mEq/l Ca++, respectively, on 145 pial arteries of nine anesthetized cats was investigated by the perivascular microperfusion technique. The higher the concentration of Ca++ in the perivascular space and the longer these high Ca++ concentrations acted on the vascular wall, the more pronounced were the constrictions of the arteries. If N-[3-(1-benzyl-cycloheptyloxy)-propyl]-N,N dimethyl-amine (bencyclane-hydrogenfumarate, Fludilat) (10 mg/100 ml) was added to the CSF, dilatations occurred, even if the concentrations of Ca++ were higher than in normal CSF (3 meq/l). The degree of dilatation, however, was dependent on the Ca++ concentration in the CSF. With high Ca++ in the CSF the dilatatory action of bencyclane was inhibited when K+ and H+ in the CSF were kept constant. The reaction can be described as Ca++ antagonism, the possible mechanisms of which are discussed. PMID- 1242661 TI - [Coronary-angiographic demonstration of the dilating effect of dipyridamole on coronary arteries and its inhibition by caffeine (author's transl)]. AB - Selective coronary cineangiographies are performed repeatedly in 13 mongrel dogs. The contrast medium itself has no demonstrable dilating effect upon the vessels. After the first injection of 0.2 mg/kg of dipyridamole the left anterior coronary artery is significantly (p less than 0.001) dilated, which is in contrast to some results described in literature. Immediately after an injection of high doses of caffeine (10 mg/kg) the previously enlarged coronary diameter decreases significantly (p less than 0.001). During the action of caffeine subsequent infections of dipyridamole result in a very small, or no change in coronary diameter. The coronary-dilating effect of dipyridamole can be inhibited by high doses of caffeine (10 mg/kg). PMID- 1242662 TI - [Relationships between structure and the noradrenaline depleting effects of guanidine and amidine derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - In guinea pigs we studied the noradrenaline (NA) depletion in the sympathetic nerve terminals of the heart exerted by 24 derivatives of guanidine and amidine; the effects of these substances being considerably similar in their chemical structure were compared to those of reserpine, guanethidine, guanoxan and cyclazenin. Substitution of the free guanidine group to give an imidazoline or imidazolidine ring diminished the activity of the compounds. If the benzodioxane ring of guanoxan was "opened" to give a diether of catechol, the activity of the substances was not altered. We also observed a NA depletion after injection of some guanidine derivatives substituted with piperazine. The elongation of the aliphatic chain between guanidine and the aromatic substituent considerably decreased the activity of the compounds. PMID- 1242663 TI - Anticonvulsive properties of cinnarizine and flunarizine in rats and mice. AB - The anticonvulsive properties of orally administered cinnarizine [(E)-1 (diphenylmethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-piperazine], its difluoro derivative flunarizine [(E)-1-(bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl) piperazine], diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, were studied against maximal metrazol seizures (MMS) in rats and maximal electroshock seizures (MES) in mice. In rats (MMS), the lowest ED50 for protection against tonic extension of hindpaws was 4.10 mg/kg (1 h 35 min after treatment) with sodium phenobarbital, 6.04 mg/kg (5 h 45 min) with flunarizine dihydrochloride, 9.84 mg/kg (2 h 34 min) with cinnarizine and 19.30 mg/kg (3 h 38 min) with diphenylhydantoin. In mice (MES), protection against tonic extension of hindpaws was (2 h after treatment) 7.0 mg/kg with diphenylhydantoin, 13.2 mg/kg with sodium phenobarbital, 20.9 mg/kg with flunarizine kihydrochloride and 49.0 mg/kg with cinnarizine. Except at subtoxic doses no side effects were observed in rats and mice given cinnarizine, flunarizine kihydrochloride or kiphenylhydantoin. Phenobarbital induced ataxia in rats and mice at 22 mg/kg and 42.7 mg/kg, respectively, and loss of righting reflex at 112.8 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg, respectively. Flunarizine is the longest acting drug and has the slowest onset. At a dose of twice the minimal ED50 flunarizine affords protection against tonic extension of hindpaws in rats (MMS) for 23 h 30 min dephenylhydantoin for 11 h 38 min, phenobarbital for 8 h 22 min and cinnarizine for 8 h 16 min. Peak effect was reached with flunarizine at 5 h 45 min, with diphenylhydantoin at 3 h 38 min, with cinnarizine at 2 h 34 min and with phenobarbital at 1 h 35 min. The anti-MMS profiles of cinnarizine and flunarizine resemble that of dephenylhydantoin as all three compounds are selective blockers of tonic extension of hindpaws. Phenobarbital antagonized the whole MMS-pattern, i.e., tremors, clonic convulsions and tonic extension of fore- and hindpaws. However, the effects of phenobarbital against tremors, clonic convulsions and tonic extension of forepaws may reflect more a general CNS depressant effect than a specific anticonvulsive activity since neurotoxic effects (ataxia and loss of righting reflex) appear at the same doses. PMID- 1242664 TI - [Studies on the pharmacokinetics of hexobendine in rats. I. Distribution following i.v. administration (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of 14C-labelled N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis-[3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy benzoxy)-propyl]-ethylenediamine-hydrochloride (hexobendine, Ustimon, Reoxyl) in the organs of rats was studied after i.v. injections of 0.5 mg/kg. Up to the 81st min 70-90 percent of the 14C-activity in the lung, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen and brain were formed by unchanged hexobendine, identified by thin-layer chromatography in tissue extracts. In the kidneys and erythrocytes less than 70 percent, in serum and liver less than 50 percent of the measured radioactivity consisted of hexobendine. The serum concentration of hexobendine was 0.1 mug/ml 3 min after administration. This concentration declined with a half-life of 7 min distribution and a half-life of 45 min for elimination. In certain organs the hexobendine concentration rose above the serum level: After 3 min the tissue/serum ratio in the lung was 69, in the kidneys 20, in the heart 7, in the spleen 5, in the liver and skeletal muscle 4, in the erythrocytes 1.2 and in the brain 0.7. The time-dependent decrease in hexobendine concentrations in the various organs was only slightly slower than that in the serum. Only 1 percent of the infected 14C could be detected in the analysed material 12 h after hexobendine administration. PMID- 1242665 TI - Effects of different drugs on the urinary excretion of nifurpipone (NP) and of nitrofurantoin (NTF) in the rat. AB - A study was made on possible interferences of several drugs on the urinary excretion of nifurpipone and of nitrofurantoin orally administered to rats. Phenobarbital, a microsomial enzyme inducer, SKF 525 A, a microsomial enzyme inhibitor, probenecid, an inhibitor of the tubular acid secretory system, quanine, an inhibitor of the tubular alkaline secretory system, and hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, were studied. None of these treatments altered in an important way the urinary excretion of nifurpipone or of nitrofurantoin. PMID- 1242666 TI - Effects of "essential" phospholipids (EPL) on experimental ethanol-induced cardiomyopathy. AB - 15 percent ethanol alone and together with "essential" phospholipids (EPL) was applied orally (as the only source of drinking fluid) ad libitum to white rats over 8 months. The evaluation of effects of EPL was based on biochemical assays of the blood serum, including creatine phosphokinase (CPK), a-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) and free fatty acids (FFA) as well as on histological and histochemical studies of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of the heart muscle. In rats treated with ethanol alone we found increased CPK and HBD activities, elevation of FFA and lowered activity of LDH. EPL seem to protect against the above mentioned changes. PMID- 1242667 TI - [Phalloidin antagonists/3rd communication: effects of antamanide derivatives in isolated perfused rat livers (author's transl)]. AB - The protective effects of antamanide, O-carboxy-methyl-Tyr5-antamanide and of Tyr6-antamanide-monosulfate against phalloidin were tested in perfused rat livers. None of the applied doses was able to inhibit swelling and potassium loss of poisoned livers completely. In the perfused liver antamanide preferentially inhibited swelling but not potassium loss. O-Carboxymethyl-Tyr5-antamanide protected isolated hepatocytes against phalloidin. The different effects of antamanide derivatives in perfused livers and in vivo are discussed. PMID- 1242668 TI - Studies of biosynthesis of insulin by isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - Incorporation studies with 3H-leucine have demonstrated that proinsulin is formed as a precursor of insulin in the perfused pancreas. A dependency of the insulin synthesis on the glucose concentration was revealed, based on a direct stimulation of the proinsulin synthesis. The conversion of proinsulin into insulin was not accelerated by glucose stimulation. The conversion also occurred in the absence of glucose. PMID- 1242669 TI - [On the method of injecting into the yolk-sac in teratological studies in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described by which the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of substances can be examined through their application into the yolk-sac. On the ninth day of gestation rabbits (white New Zealand) were laparatomised and the uterus bicornis together with the blastoderms were treated in 3 different experiments. The results show that after application of physiological saline into the yolk-sac the high rate of malformations and resorptions are caused mainly by an avoidable venous obstruction and by postoperative inflammations and infections. PMID- 1242670 TI - Dose size and dosing interval determination. AB - Knowing the necessary minimum inhibitory or minimum effective concentration of a drug dose size and/or dosing interval for multiple dose therapy can be calculated under the assumption that the blood level-time curve of a drug can be described by an open one-compartment or an open two-compartment model, that the drug does not show dose dependent pharmacokinetics for the therapeutic dose range and that the distribution coefficient is applicable for a wide body weight range and age group, excluding severe edemas and obesity. The dose size and dosing interval equations are derived from the minimum blood-level concentration c'min equation in multiple dosing. Substituting c'min by MIC or MEC, cop by D - f/Vd and Vd by delta' - BW either the required dose size or dosing interval can be calculated. In the case of renal failure adjustment can be made by inclusion of a correction factor into the equations using either the observed creatinine clearance or the serum creatinine value. PMID- 1242671 TI - [Studies on metabolism and pharmacokinetics of alpha-acetyldigitoxin in man (author's transl)]. AB - 3H-alpha-Acetyl-digitoxin was administered to 5 patients i.v. and 3 patients p.o. The half-life of label in the plasma was 8.5 +/- 1 (i.v.) and 8.8 +/- 1 (p.o.) days. 20.9 +/- 3.6% (i.v.) and 21.3 +/- 2.9% (p.o.) of the radioactive dose were excreted into the urine in 6 days. Two patients excreted within 18 days 14.3 and 16.1% of the given dose with the stool. After oral administration 22.3% of the orally administered 3H-activity were eliminated into the feces by one patient. 63% (i.v.) and 53% (p.o.) of the chlorofrom-extracted 3H-activity in the urine could be attributed to digitoxin by means of thin-layer chromatography. The volatile content of plasma radioactivity was 4.07 +/- 0.1% (i.v.) and 6.78 +/- 0.2% (p.o.). The protein binding of a 4%. Albumin solution was 83 +/- 0.54%, for plasma 80.8 +/- 2%. PMID- 1242672 TI - [Physical factors in animal experiments for testing antimasspsychotic drugs]. AB - Lemmingson et al. have observed that the movement of masspsychotic lemmings (Lemmus lemmus) shows a distinct preference for the left direction. They suggested that this is due to the influence of the Coriolis force. According to this proposition the influence of the Coriolis force on a group of masspsychotic animals has been investigated quantitatively. The results suggest the following model: Normally the influence of the Coriolos force, which on the northern hemisphere acts to the right, is compensated by a neuromuscular feedback mechanism. The tendency towards the left under masspsychotic conditions corresponds to overcompensation. The tendency to the left should also be observed on the southern hemisphere, if the direction of this compensation is determined genetically. Therefore, the test proposed by Lemmingson et al. is not suited to distinguish between the influence of the Coriolis force and the influence of biologically active left-isomer molecules. PMID- 1242673 TI - Accidental subarachnoid injection of gallamine. A case report. AB - Accidental subarachnoid injection of gallamine and its management is reported. Methods of identification of the drug in the c.s.f. are described. Early treatment should be initiated, since the drug was still identifiable in the c.s.f. after 90 min. Removal of the c.s.f. and sedation may have prevented a fatal outcome in our patient. PMID- 1242674 TI - Treatment of malignant meningitis in retinoblastoma. AB - Six patients with meningitis due to retinoblastoma are described. The diagnosis may be suspected on clinical examination but is made by the demonstration of malignant cells in the CSF. These patients have been treated with cranial irradiation together with systemic and intrathecal cytotoxic drugs. There is one survivor. It is suggested that the CSF should be examined in all cases at risk so that the appropriate treatment can be started promptly and thus improve the prognosis. PMID- 1242676 TI - [Mass transport in the ascending part of the loob of Henle (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242675 TI - Mass spectrometer for multiple respiratory gas analysis. PMID- 1242677 TI - [Design for an instrument for measuring foetal ECG's before and during labour (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242678 TI - Evaluation of an on-line videodensitometric measurement of the red blood cell velocity in the capillaries of the human nailfold. PMID- 1242679 TI - [The cardioscatterhistograph - device for the continuous display of quasiperiodic bio-signals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242680 TI - [Saw with cooling device for use in bone surgery]. PMID- 1242681 TI - A note on the selection of swine ration ingredients with an aflatoxin contamination level below 1 mu/kg. PMID- 1242682 TI - Editorial: Cow's milk intolerance. PMID- 1242683 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia from women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted disease. AB - Cervical swabs for Chlamydia culture were collected from 638 unselected women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a fresh complaint. Chlamydia were isolated from 76 (12 per cent.) of the women. When the results were related to the patients' diagnoses, Chlamydia were present in 44 per cent. of women with gonorrhoea and in 22 per cent. of women who were contacts of men with nonspecific urethritis (women who may be regarded as having non-specific genital infection). Chlamydia were uncommon in women with no evidence of genital infection. Significant correlations were found between the presence of Chlamydia and cervical erosion, cervical cytological inflammatory change, and absence of symptoms. Isolates were obtained more frequently from women with non-specific genital infection who were primary contacts than from women who were secondary contacts. These findings support the concept that Chlamydia are pathogens in the genital tract and are sexually transmitted. PMID- 1242684 TI - Blood ethanol concentrations in patients attending special clinics in Glasgow. AB - Blood samples for measurement of ethanol concentration were taken on a routine basis from 543 male and 158 female patients attending Special Clinics in Glasgow. Ethanol was detected in 56 (10-3 per cent.) of the men and eight (5-1 per cent.) of the women, and at concentrations in excess of 0-1 g./l. in 37 (6-8 per cent.) and three (1-9 per cent.) respectively. In nine men and one woman, the blood ethanol concentration was over 0-8 g./l. when they attended the clinic. The majority (84 per cent.) of positive findings were obtained in specimens collected after 2 p.m. and one-quarter on Tuesday afternoons, the local half-day. The other peak periods related to attendance at football matches on Wednesday evenings, and to receiving wages on Friday mornings. Male new patients attending a clinic for the first time had the highest incidence, 32 (11-6 per cent.) having detectable amounts of ethanol among whom 26 (9-4 per cent.) had levels in excess of 0-1 g./l., compared with only 4-1 per cent. among those either returning to the clinics with a fresh infection or on surveillance. Only 5 per cent. of female patients attending for the first time and 3 per cent. of those on surveillance had detectable amounts of ethanol in the blood, compared with 9 per cent. of those few returning with fresh infections. Levels in excess of 0-1 g./1. were only found in promiscuous women. Those with concentrations in excess of 0-8 g./1. were unreliable attenders. Only one, a known alcoholic, completed surveillance; one defaulted after his fourth visit, four after the second, and four after the first visit. PMID- 1242685 TI - Antibody as carrier of 131I in cancer diagnosis and treatment. AB - Cell-surface localizing heterologous antibodies against mouse EL4 lymphoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and several human malignant tumors could be bound to varying amounts of 131I without interfering with the reactivity of these antibodies with their respective tumor cells. Exposure of the mouse tumor cells to radio-iodinated antitumor antibodies in vitro, or the injection of radio iodinated antitumor antibodies into mice preinoculated with tumor cells resulted in either partial or complete tumor inhibition depending upon the amount of 131I activity carried by the antibodies. Injection of comparable amounts of the immunoglobulin alone or of 131I bound to normal globulin did not cause any tumor inhibition. Intraperitoneally injected radio-iodinated anti-EL4 antibody was found to localize preferentially in the subcutaneous transplants of EL4 lymphoma. Similar localization of intravenously injected radio-iodinated antibodies was observed in the metastases of two cancer patients. PMID- 1242686 TI - Dietary factors and esophageal cancer in the Caspian Littoral of Iran. AB - A study was undertaken to attempt to relate the distribution of exogenous factors to the varying incidences of esophageal cancer in the Caspian Littoral of Iran. For the study, 38 villages were chosen by random sampling in 14 regions defined by their esophageal cancer incidence and environmental characteristics. Information was obtained on the dietary, social, and cultural features of each village. In addition, an extensive 5-day study of 6 randomly selected households in each of the 38 villages was conducted. The study consisted of measured dietary intake, a historical food consumption questionnaire, and clinical examinations of adult occupants. Preliminary results show no single factor responsible for the etiology of esophageal cancer. However, there were some major dietary differences between the regions of different esophageal cancer risk. Bread was the chief staple food in high-incidence areas; rice, in low-incidence areas. In high incidence areas, there was a low intake of vitamins A and C, riboflavin, animal protein, and fresh vegetables and fruit, but a greater consumption of sheeps and goat's milk. Analyses of food samples for aflatoxins, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrosamines showed low levels of these carcinogens in areas of high and low incidences. The use of tobacco and alcohol was not found to be of significance. PMID- 1242687 TI - [A test for surfactan in the amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242688 TI - [Therapeutic decision in the prevention of rabies in man. I. Prior to contamination]. PMID- 1242689 TI - [Therapeutic decision in the prevention of rabies in man. II. Following contamination]. PMID- 1242690 TI - [New serotype of Salmonella of sub-strain II isolated in Greece: Salmonella 3,10 : 1,z-28 : 1,5]. AB - A new Salmonella serotype, of sub-genus II, Salmonella 3,10 : 1,z28 : 1.5, has been isolated in Greece from refrigerated minced meat imported from South America. PMID- 1242691 TI - [Splenic rupture in the course of hepatosplenic and lymph node tuberculosis]. PMID- 1242692 TI - [Present-day aspects of leprosy in Martinique]. AB - Altogether my observations agree with the facts reported by others authors. Two data however should be pointed out: -- in spite of the progresses for its demonstration, lepra remains frequent in La Martinique; -- with 47% lepromatous forms and 25% tuberculoid forms, lepra in the West Indies constitutes an intermediary level between African lepra (60% tuberculoid forms) and South American lepra (60% lepromatous forms). PMID- 1242693 TI - [Distribution of Salmonella typhi lysotypes in Iran (1970-1974)]. PMID- 1242694 TI - [Disseminated nodular histoplasmosis in a horse in Venezuela]. PMID- 1242695 TI - [Intestinal bilharziasis in Guadelupa]. AB - The author studies the significance of intestinal bilharziosis in Guadeloupe. Immunologic methods have been used because of their greater sensitivity: a complement fixation micromethod using a delipidated antigen is described. The study of about 8,500 sera taken in various areas showed the significance of bilharziosis: the mean level of positive sera was 35%, a figure much higher than those obtained with parasitologic methods. The percentage observed in the various regions showed sometimes very great differences, which may be explained by various factors, the most important ones being the population density, the disposition of the hydrographic network and its relationships with habitat. Such a study, if it could be carried out during the next years, should allow to appreciate the efficiency of the control measures of the endemia. PMID- 1242696 TI - [Use of peroxidase markers in the research and diagnosis of paludism]. AB - The indirect peroxidase labelled technic for the diagnosis and research in malaria rests on the same principle than immunofluorescence test (I. F.). Homologous or heterologous antigens are incubated with patient serum in the same conditions than for I. F., and then with peroxydase, labelled, conjugate diluted 1/200. The resulting complex is colored by the diaminobenzidine method of Graham and Karnovski. The coloration is observed in light microscopy. This technic as sensitive as immunofluorescence test can be done, with a cheaper microscopic material. The possibility of studying the conjugate fixation in electron microscopy opens new direction for research. PMID- 1242697 TI - [Misleading form of onchocerciasis ; abscess of the anal edge]. PMID- 1242698 TI - [Check-list of phlebotomic sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Iran]. PMID- 1242699 TI - [Heminoglobinopathies of young adults migrating from the Antilles to the Metropolis (apropos of 1,000 cases of electrophoresis)]. AB - The systematic research of abnormal haemoglobins has been done on 1,000 subjects of both sexes (mostly 18 to 35 years) from Guadeloupe (500) and Martinique (500), examined in Paris. The following were found without significent difference in both islands : 86,9% heterozygote AS, 4,5% heterozygote AC, 0,3% double heterozygote SC, one homozygote CC, 0,3% increase of the fraction A2 and one increase of haemoglobin F. Those results were comparable to the few anterior studies in French West Indies. PMID- 1242700 TI - [Lipid constants in the young adult Senegalese]. AB - The matter of the study is an investigation carried out in a healthy population, representative of every ethnies living in Senegal, population who was given a traditional, but improved senegalese feeding. This study completes and corroborates some previous proceedings carried out in Dakar about blood lipids in African people. We have noticed that since some fifteen years, neither the modifications in feeding, nor the economic and social progress, have yet a repercussion on lipemia and cholesterolemia in Senegal. Every analysed parameter is lower than those noticed in European population and the proposed lipidic constants will be used as basic date for further investigations. PMID- 1242701 TI - [Histoenzymologic study of anticholinesterase activity of ciguatoxic extracts of Ceochetus striatus (Gunther) and Plectrompus leopardus]. AB - The use of histo-enzymological techniques for visualizing the cholinesterasic spots on the motory plate is turned to account by the authors to point out the inhibition of the cholinesterasic processes, by some fractions of the ciguatoxins at the level of the neuro-mucular synapsis. The results obtained confirm, on one hand, the efficiency of the method to test the anti-cholinesterasic activity of some fractions of the ciguateric extracts, and, on the other hand, enable the establishment of the fact that even clinically non toxic individuals from fishspecies, dwelling in tropical coral biotops, can provoke a slightly marked but real inhibition of the cholinesterases, provided the contact between the fish extract and the neuro-motory plate is long enough in time. This observation reinforces the thesis of the ecological origin of the toxins along the alimentary chain of the reef biocoenosis. PMID- 1242702 TI - [Clinical comments on poisoning caused by marine animals in the Marquesas]. AB - Intoxications due to sea animals in the Marquesas seem to be relatively frequent in this archipelago. Fish consumption under rarely realized favorable conditions does not induce intoxications. Although statistics are hazardous in Polynesia, the phenomena seem to progress from East to West, and to be cyclic, with a regression phase at the end of 1973. Two complementary syndromes have been isolated: -- one is primary, neuro-sensory, and is prevalent in the case of toxic crustaceans, molluscs or echinoderms consumption. Hemorragic signs are sometimes observed in the case of consumption of fish provoking an unusual toxi-infection. The specificity of the toxic species has not been demonstrated. -- the other one is secondary and presents the characteristics of transistory myalgiae and the strange neuropathic picture of "la Contamine" of Ua-Pou. PMID- 1242703 TI - [Evaluation of 89 cases of gynecomastia--diagnosis by mammography and the effect of hormone treatment]. PMID- 1242705 TI - [Epidemiological study of chronic thyroiditis among high school students]. PMID- 1242704 TI - [Studies of adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP of the thyroid gland of the normal man and in Basedow's disease. (II). Differences in reactions of the thyroid gland to TSH and PGE 1 stimulation]. PMID- 1242706 TI - Effect of continuous irradiation upon some biological properties of murine lymphosarcoma LS/BL. AB - Mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells passaged in syngeneic hosts were continuously irradiated with 60Co gamma rays at an exposure of 1R/hour. Long-term irradiation did not substantially alter the proliferative rate of leukaemic cells. Radiation exposure in the duration of 60 and 70 weeks led to an increase in the mean survival time of the hosts and in the generation time of the cells. When compared to the changes observed in the hosts of unirradiated leukaemic cells, the decrease in erythrocyte counts was greater during the first few days after inoculation of irradiated tumour cells, whereas the increase in leucocyte counts was slower. PMID- 1242707 TI - Biochemical studies of growing mouse oocytes: preparation of oocytes and analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. PMID- 1242708 TI - [Pregnancy following ejaculatio ante portas]. PMID- 1242709 TI - An improved semi-quantitative method for the estimation of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk. PMID- 1242710 TI - Health and the antitrust laws. PMID- 1242711 TI - Marker chromosome 14q+ in two non-Burkitt lymphomas. AB - Marker chromosome 14q+, similar to the specific marker of the Burkitt lymphoma, was revealed in all malignant blood cells of a patient with generalized lymphosarcoma, in all lymph node cells, and in a part of the blood cells of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Possible causes of this similarity are discussed. PMID- 1242712 TI - Kinetics of binding of 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl haptens to homologous and heterologous rabbit antibodies. PMID- 1242713 TI - Reactions of proteins with ethyl vinyl sulfone. AB - Ethly vinyl sulfone (EVS) alkylates xi-amino groups of lysine side chains and imidazole groups of histidine residues in proteins. Amino acid analysis of hydrolyzates of EVS-treated polylysine shows that lysine forms two derivatives, presumably xi-N-(ethylsulfonylethyl)lysine and xi, xi, N,N bis(ethylsulfonylethyl)lysine that are eluted as well-resolved peaks on the (long basic) physiological column of our amino acid analyzer at about 118 and 60 min, respectively. Peaks with identical elution times were also observed after EVS treatment of BSA and wool. The postulated histidine derivative, presumably N3-im (ethylsulfonylethyl)histidine is also eluted as a well-resolved peak on the same column at about 90 min. A peak with an identical elution time was observed in a hydrolyzate of EVS-treated polyhistidine. The described alkylation has potential utility for modifying proteins. PMID- 1242715 TI - A risk and cost effectiveness analysis of united states guidelines relative to radioactivity in foods. PMID- 1242714 TI - The long-term effects of intratracheally instilled 253EsCl3 in rats. PMID- 1242716 TI - The determination of 125I and 129I using an intrinsic-germanium detector for x ray spectroscopy. PMID- 1242717 TI - [Problems in evaluation of meniscus injuries in miners]. PMID- 1242718 TI - [Treatment of semilunar cartilage injuries in the aged]. PMID- 1242719 TI - [Synthesis of nonactin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242720 TI - Effect of maternal malnutrition on surface activity of fetal lungs in rats. AB - The effects of maternal malnutrition on fetal lung growth and surface forces were studied in albino rats. Pregnant albino rats were subjected to one of the following diets: rat chow ad lib. (controls), partial food deprivation (intake one-half that of the controls), complete food deprivation for 4 days (on gestation day 3-7, 9-13, or 17-21), low protein (8%), and fat free. The fetal lungs were studied on the 21st day of gestation (delivered by cesarean section) or at birth (gestation day 22). Fetuses and neonates after maternal food deprivation (FD) on the 17-21 day of pregnancy, and after a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy, had significantly smaller body weight and lung wet or dry weight/body weight ratio (hypocellular lungs). The minimum surface tension (gamma min) of fetal lung extracts was significantly increased with FD and LP. This was associated with a reduction of about 35% in lung lecithin content, expressed per lung DNA. The earlier in pregnancy the rat was subjected to 4-day food deprivation the less the effect on the fetus. At birth the gamma min and the lung lecithin content reached control values. This recovery occurred after birth (at age 4-10 h) and prior to first feeding. However, the lungs remained small and hypocellular. The results indicate that the nutritional status of the pregnant rat influences the surface activity and the growth of the fetal lung. PMID- 1242721 TI - The Food and Drug Administration and the vinyl chloride problem--an overview. AB - Recent evidence has shown that chronic exposure to vinyl chloride by inhalation may cause cancer in laboratory animals and in man. Its possible oral effects are currently being investigated. The history of the significant events leading to the investigation of this chemical is presented. The current and future activities of the Food and Drug Administration in this area are also described. PMID- 1242722 TI - Thyroid acropachy. PMID- 1242723 TI - Endrin uptake in insecticide-resistant and susceptible mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). PMID- 1242724 TI - Letters to the Editor: Abnormal lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes and increased lung surface active material in the beige mouse. PMID- 1242725 TI - Cancer tonsil. PMID- 1242726 TI - Chemical composition of the hyphal wall of a toxigenic fungus, Penicillium rubrum Stoll. PMID- 1242727 TI - Dosimetry of several DTPA radiopharmaceuticals in cisternography. AB - Previously published biologic distribution and clearance data for 169Yb-DTPA in cisternography were utilized to obtain effective spinal segment clearance data for six other easily dhelated radionuclides: 99mTc, 113mIn, 111In, 67Ga, 51Cr, and 203Pb. Absorbed radiation doses to the spinal cord and nerve roots were calculated for each radioactive DTPA compound, employing appropriate cylindrical geometry and reduction coeffients for the dose contributions from the electrons of each radionuclide. Doses are maximal at the surface and decrease rapidly with distance from the surface. The relative useful photon flux from each DTPA radiopharmaceutical for approximately the same average absorbed radiation dose to the spinal cord was determined. The results indicate that 111In and 203Pb should be considered as possible radionuclide tags for DTPA cisternographic imaging. PMID- 1242728 TI - The prediction of fetal lung maturity from the surface tension characteristics of amniotic fluid. AB - In recent years fetal lung maturity has been assessed by chemical determination of lung surfactant components in the amniotic fluid. The variation in the results, however, limits the clinical usefulness of these methods. To establish reliable criteria for fetal lung maturity 98 specimens of amniotic fluid were obtained in the 23rd to 41st week of gestation and their surface properties measured in the surface balance (Fig 1). A continuous rise in surface activity of amniotic fluid was observed during this period (Fig. 2). In the evaluation of the surface activity of amniotic fluid y-min appears to be the most suitable parameter because it shows a considerable change during the course of pregnancy and has low variations (Fig. 3). In 64 prematures amniotic fluid was obtained during delivery and its surface properties measured. The correlation of clinical symptoms of the premature with y-min of the amniotic fluid makes it possible to predict the fetal lung maturity at a given y-min value (Fig. 4). When the results are arranged according to the incidence of RDS (lethal RDS, recovered from RDS and without RDS) three y-min-ranges can be clearly distinguished. When y-min of the amniotic fluid is over 27 dyn/cm the probability of lethal RDS is 100%, whereas when y-min is under 17 dyn/cm a mature lung can be expected. In the range between 27 to 17 dyn/cm any degree of lung maturity can be encountered. By division of this range in two additional ones a more accurate prediction of fetal lung maturity is possible: In the y-min-range 27-23 dyn/cm RDS-probability is approximately 70%, in the range 23-17 dyn/cm it is only 30% (Fig. 4). Measurements of surface activity of the amniotic fluid make it possible to predict fetal lung maturity and estimate RDS-probability. PMID- 1242729 TI - Analysis of Duboisia myoporoides R. Br. and Duboisia leichhardtii F. Muell. AB - Duboisia samples were analyzed for scopolamine and hyoscyamine using GLC, by a slope ratio method, and by methods employing homatropine, tetraphenylethylene, and phenylacetyltropine as internal standards. Limits of precision were determined by the inverse prediction method. Phenylacetyltropine was the preferred internal standard. The alkaloids were silanized with either hexamethyldisilazane or N,O-bis(trimethylsily)acetamide to prevent dehydration to the apo forms. Samples from a commercial bale of Duboisia myoporoides were assayed. The alkaloid content varied considerably, depending on the sample position within the bale. PMID- 1242731 TI - Quantitative evaluation of autoradiographs by X-ray spectroscopy. AB - Measurements of mass of developed silver in autoradiograms have been made using X ray microanalysis. This procedure has been applied to a scanning electron microscopic study of protease-induced cell stimulation in 3H-thymidine-labelled bladder tissues in vitro. Differences in silver concentrations over individual nuclei were demonstrated by X-ray analysis and quantitative data was obtained showing an increased rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation in protease-treated cultures. The initial evidence indicates that X-ray microanalysis could provide a potentially useful quantitative procedure for autoradiography. PMID- 1242730 TI - [Renal localization of lymphosarcoma in the child (author's transl)]. AB - Eight children with renal localization of a lymphosarcoma are presented. Intravenous pyelography is generally carried out in the systematic full check-up of a known case of lymphosarcoma, in order to determine the degree of extension of the disease and in order to adapt chemotherapy. The different radiological appearances are discussed. They more frequently lead to the diagnosis of more well known conditions when the diagnosis of lymphosarcoma has not yet been established. PMID- 1242732 TI - Adsorption of DNA molecules to different support films. AB - Protein-free adsorption of the DNA of the Escherichia coli bacteriophage T7 to carbon, collodion, aluminium-beryllium and aluminium films was studied. It was found that the appearance of DNA strands depended greatly upon the kind of support film used. Direct adsorption of DNA to aluminium-beryllium or aluminium films yielded specimens with 'thin and long' and 'thick and short' regions along the strand. Well extended, uncoiled and unaggregated DNA molecules were obtained only when DNA was adsorbed to carbon, collodion or mica in the presence of intercalating dyes such as ethidium bromide. Adsorption properties of the different films are well correlated with their surface charge. Aluminium beryllium films carry a strong positive surface charge, aluminium films a weak positive charge and carbon films a weak negative charge. It is suggested that for the preparation of specimens by spontaneous adsorption of well extended and unaggregated strands it is necessary that the DNA molecule is stiffened by a ligand such as an intercalating dye, and that the charge on the surface of the support film is opposite to the charge of the macromolecule. PMID- 1242733 TI - The effects of hypobaric atmospheres on living cells in layers of thin media and implications for electron microscopy. AB - At present, the only possibility for improved resolution of intracellular movement appears to be electron microscopy using a hydration chamber (EMC) at reduced gas pressures with thinned medium around the cells. The environmental constraints of examining cells under such conditions were examined in the absence of ionizing radiation by using an EMC-analogue fitted to a light microscope. White blood cells and baby hamster kidney cells were examined. A 50% survival pressure value, for hypobaric atmospheres, was determined for these cells. Morphological changes of the hypobarically-exposed cells are described. PMID- 1242734 TI - A freeze-fracture replication apparatus for biological specimens. AB - A freeze-fracture apparatus of original design has been constructed which can be fitted onto a standard vacuum evaporator unit. In it, cell suspensions and organized tissue may be processed by inserting a sample into a cylindrical holder. By leaving a small part of the tissue protruding from the holder, pre selected and aligned portions of the specimen can subsequently be revealed by fracture under vacuum. After rapid freezing, the specimen remains firmly attached to the inner wall of the sample holder, preventing its possible loss during fracturing. A mechanism, in the form of a double-sided converging wedge, which is operated from outside the vacuum chamber, is used to produce a fracture in the specimen. The device gently induces a fracture in the desired part of the tissue and lifts the protruding part of the specimen out of the way. In this way, reasonably flat fracture faces are produced for subsequent replication. As the fracturing mechanism comes into contact only with the outer edges of the specimen, damage and contamination liable to occur when the entire specimen is traversed by a blade, is avoided. In addition the specimen stage is surrounded by a cold metal shroud which acts as an efficient trap for contaminants. In this way, favourable vacuum conditions are produced in the vicinity of the specimen. Such effective enclosing of the specimen also facilitates controlled sublimation of the sample. PMID- 1242735 TI - A simple technique for examining frozen hydrated specimens in the scanning electron microscope. AB - The use of a wide angle backscattered electron detector in a scanning electron microscope, which has the capability of the specimen chamber pressure being controlled independently of the column pressure, provides a simple technique for examining frozen hydrated specimens. Large specimens have been examined within 1 min of being placed on the stub and have been examined for many hours without charging artefacts or distortion due to dehydration. PMID- 1242736 TI - Coating sections for electron microscopic autoradiography: a stripping technique using liquid emulsion. AB - A coating technique for electron microscope autoradiography is described which combines the advantage of forming an emulsion film by a dipping method with the ease of coating sections already on grids. Sections are coated so that a formvar support film separates the section and the emulsion crystals. This intermediate layer of formvar ensures a random distribution of the emulsion crystals. Using light gold sections, Ilford L-4 emulsion and Microdol-X development, the resolution of this technique, as determined by the half distance method, was 150 nm. The additional layer of formvar slightly reduced the image quality with biological samples in the electron microscope. This technique has a minimal loss of resolution and image quality for moderate resolution electron microscope autoradiography. PMID- 1242737 TI - Letter: Sympathomimetics and schizophrenia. PMID- 1242738 TI - Letter: Hang gliding. PMID- 1242739 TI - Letter: The Appalachian Regional Commission. PMID- 1242740 TI - Letter: Antihypertensive medication and surgery. PMID- 1242741 TI - Letter: Seven come eleven. PMID- 1242742 TI - Paradoxical pulse in constructive pericarditis. PMID- 1242743 TI - Letter: "Nonparenteral" means "enteric". PMID- 1242744 TI - Letter: Cardiac resuscitation and vertebral fracture. PMID- 1242745 TI - Letter: No response of hemiballismus to haloperidol. PMID- 1242746 TI - Christmas message, 1975. PMID- 1242747 TI - Limitations of bone scanning in clinical oncology. AB - Radioisotope bone scanning is frequently used as the major, and sometimes the only, diagnostic test for neoplasia in bone. While the evidence is convincing that bone scans are frequently more sensitive than roentgenographic bone surveys for detection of metastatic bone disease, there are false-negative results for a variety of reasons, and positive findings must be interpreted with caution. Scans also appear more limited than roentgenograms in their usefulness for evaluating changes in abnormal bone structure. Case histories and discussion are offered to indicate that usually both radioisotope bone scans and roentgenographic bone surveys should be obtained for initial screening and subsequent assessment of bone metastases. PMID- 1242748 TI - Epilesional scarification. Preliminary report of a new approach to local immunotherapy with BCG. AB - Because of the serious toxicity of intralesionally injected BCG, including high fever, local ulceration, chronic drainage, and disseminated BCG disease, 13 patients received local BCG immunotherapy by the new approach of epilesional scarification. Three patients had complete responses, four had partial responses, and six had no response. Toxic reactions were minimal compared to those reported for intralesionally given BCG. PMID- 1242749 TI - Adverse drug reactions. A critical review. AB - The data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are incomplete, unrepresentative, uncontrolled, and lacking in operational criteria for identifying ADRs. No quantitative conclusions can be drawn from the reported data in regard to morbidity, mortality, or the underlying causes of ADRs, and attempts to extrapolate the available data to the general population would be invalid and perhaps misleading. To evaluate the impact as well as the causes of ADRs, representative populations, including general hospital and ambulatory patients of all medical specialties, must be studied, and operationally defined criteria must be used to establish the presence of an ADR in a prospective study that incorporates appropriate control populations. Similar studies on the benefits of drug use are needed to provide perspective on the risk-benefit aspects of drug therapy. Until such studies are performed, estimates of the nature and scope of the ADR problem can be only guesses. PMID- 1242750 TI - Ambulatory care medical records. Uniform minimum basic data set. PMID- 1242751 TI - Presentation of atrial septal defect in infancy. AB - Four patients with atrial septal defects and congestive heart failure in the first year of life had none of the classic auscultatory findings of atrial septal defect. Three of four had murmurs suggestive of innocent pulmonary-artery branch stenosis. PMID- 1242752 TI - Night sweats. A dominant symptom in diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1242753 TI - Solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma in a child. Elevated T3 and T4 levels with normal TSH level. PMID- 1242754 TI - An unusual cause of recurrent chest pain. PMID- 1242755 TI - Editorial: International classification of health problems in primary care. PMID- 1242756 TI - Editorial: The ADR numbers game revisited. PMID- 1242758 TI - Editorial: Then and now. PMID- 1242757 TI - Editorial: Approaches to local immunotherapy. PMID- 1242759 TI - The plutonium controversy. PMID- 1242760 TI - Letter: Career decisions. PMID- 1242761 TI - Letter: In protest. PMID- 1242762 TI - Letter: Paraplegia after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 1242763 TI - Letter: A new premedical program. PMID- 1242764 TI - Letter: Cholera in Portugal. PMID- 1242765 TI - Letter: Liver function and illicit opioid use. PMID- 1242766 TI - Letter: Gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 1242768 TI - Letter: Physical medicine and rehabilitation. PMID- 1242767 TI - Letter: Acute hypotension from thioridazine. PMID- 1242769 TI - Letter: Size of mammary lumps. PMID- 1242770 TI - Letter: Terminology. PMID- 1242771 TI - Letter: The comatose patient. PMID- 1242772 TI - Medical education in the United States 1974-1975. PMID- 1242773 TI - Recent events of special interest to medical education. PMID- 1242774 TI - Editorial: Has medical education metastasized? PMID- 1242775 TI - Editorial: Accreditation with meaning. PMID- 1242777 TI - Editorial: What happened to the internship? PMID- 1242776 TI - Editorial: Self-assessment for education and recertification. PMID- 1242778 TI - Editorial: Vanishing vacancies in residencies. PMID- 1242779 TI - Editorial: The medical education project in Vietnam. An obituary. PMID- 1242780 TI - Statistical data on medical schools in the United States. PMID- 1242781 TI - Statistical data on medical schools in Canada. PMID- 1242782 TI - Statistical data on graduate medical education. PMID- 1242783 TI - [Evaluation of iodoxamic acid for cholecystocholangiography - a comparison with adipiodone preparation]. PMID- 1242784 TI - [Clinico-radiological parallels in surgical treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. PMID- 1242786 TI - [Infected synthetic arterial prosthesis]. PMID- 1242785 TI - [Cycloplegia and residual accommodation (author's transl)]. AB - The cycloplegic effect of 1% Atropine Sulphate, 2% Homatropine Hydrobromide and 1% Cyclopentholate (Cyclolat) were compared on 8 to 10 year-old children with hyperopic accommodation and partial accommodation squint. The objective refraction was measured by skiascopy and with Hartinger's refractometer, and these two values were compared. The distant-vision correction, and also the near vision correction needed so that Table 2 of Pursch's Tables could be read, were measured. Atropine showed itself to be the most effective cycloplegic agent. With atropine cycloplegia was attained in 46.77% - shown by a necessary near correction of +2 dioptres, or less. In 27.42% the correction was +1.5 dioptres. With homatropine a correction of +2 dioptres or less occurred in 82.14%, after Cyclogyl in 72.34%. Better cycloplegia could be reached, if before the test correcting spectacles are worn. Only with repeated refraction-tests to overcome accommodation spasm could one succeed in finding the complete hypermetropic state -- even with the help of a not very demanding cycloplegic agent like atropine. Cyclogyl was found to be the most suitable agent here. PMID- 1242787 TI - Evaluation of unilateral exophthalmos with ultrasonography: analysis of 258 consecutive cases. AB - Ultrasound examination has emerged as a valuable technique for defining soft tissue abnormalities of the eye and orbit. As high frequency sound waves (5 to 20 megahertz) are projected through soft tissues, echoes are produced at tissue interfaces. These echoes are displayed on oscilloscopes as either one-dimensional amplitude spikes (A-mode ultrasonography), or as dots integrated into a two dimensional image representing a thin section through the entire orbit (B-scan ultrasonography). A-mode indicates tissue substance, while B-scan illustrates tissue morphology. With this technique, orbital tumors are clearly distinguished in terms of their location, size, and configuration, as well as the basic tissue type (cystic, solid, angiomatous or infiltrative). Other orbital processes are defined by ultrasonography also, including inflammatory conditions such as diffuse pseudotumor or cellulitis, congestive conditions such as dysthyroid exophthalmos, and orbital hemorrhage. Intracranial and vascular etiologies of exophthalmos have no specific ultrasound signs. In a series of 258 consecutive patients with unilateral exophthalmos examined with ultrasonography, diagnosis of tumor was made in 26 percent (66 cases). Overall accuracy of orbital tumor diagnosis by ultrasonography was 94 percent in this series. Tumor localization, configuration, and extent indicated by the test aided in selecting surgical approaches. Other patients in the series were diagnosed ultrasonically as a variety of other entities, mostly inflammatory and dysthyroid exophthalmos. Normal ultrasound studies were found in 19 percent. None of these patients had subsequent diagnosis of tumor. Diagnostic ultrasonography is capable of detecting orbital tumors and distinguishing them from inflammatory, congestive, and other causes of exophthalmos with a high degree of reliability. The test is painless, well tolerated, non-invasive, and non-toxic. It now has a prominent role in evaluation of any patient with exophthalmos. PMID- 1242788 TI - What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1242789 TI - Oxygen toxicity. PMID- 1242790 TI - Light and electron microscopy of mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells during the first hour after irradiation with x-rays. AB - Mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells growing in tissue culture were irradiated with 100, 316 and 1000 R respectively and fixed 5, 15 or 60 minutes later. Semithin sections were studied under a light and ultrathin under an electron microscopes. Under the light microscope, differences between the morphology of individual nuclei were found in all groups, including controls; the rate of their occurrence was without any relation to the irradiation. They may reflect the differences in the state of LS/BL cells which were not completely adapted to cultivation in small glass tubes. On the other hand, the frequency of some ultrastructural changes seen under the electron microscope showed a relation to the irradiation. They were: undulation of the outer nuclear membrane and dilatation of the space between the outer and inner nuclear membranes, slots in karyosomes adjacent to the surface of the nuclei, enlargement of cisternae and vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The importance of a careful examination of control groups in such experiments is stressed. PMID- 1242791 TI - [Multiple intracranial mycotic aneurysm. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of intracranial mycotic aneurysm was reported, in whom repeated cerebral angiographies demonstrated the seccessive appearance of multiple aneurysms in a short term after the septic cerebral infection, and the importance of repeated angiography in the treatment of the intracranial mycotic aneurysm was stressed. A 44-year old male who had heart failure developed suddenly a left hemiparesis with irritable meningial signs on Nov. 3, 1973. The right carotid angiography carried out on Nov. 16 in an admitted hospital showed partial obliteration of cortical branches of the middle cerebral shift of the anterior cerebral artery due to the cerebral infarction. No aneurysm was demonstrated in the angiogram. The second angiography of the right carotid and vertebral artery was done on the admission of Dec. 18. The previously shown contralateral shift of the anterior cerebral artery was remarkably decreased, and an aneurysm of 3 mm in diameter was recognized at the cortical branch of the right middle cerebral artery on the parietal region. Any aneurysm was not revealed by the vertebral angiography. The third angiography of bilateral carotid and vertebral artery was performed on Dec. 25. The previously revealed aneurysm increased in size. Multiple aneurysms was demonstrated at the anterior branches of the insular artery. The vertebral angiography demonstrated multiple aneurysms at the peripheral portion of the bilateral posterior cerebral arteries. The patient was improved neurologically after the administration of antibiotics, and was discharged on Dec. 27 on the convenience of his family and would be followed in conservative cares. PMID- 1242792 TI - [Isocount scanning of the brain (author's transl)]. AB - It is well known that the gamma ray emitted by a radionuclide is a Poisson process, so its statistic nature should be taken in consideration when the scintiscanning is performed. But very few attempts have been done from this point of view. After examining in detail the imaging pulse charactristics, the authors introduced a mean for evaluating the fidelity of the collected data, and based on this criterion, pointed out some problems in the conventional scanning method and finally described a statistical way of improving the scintigram. In the present investigation, as a measure of the stochastic fidelity of the scanned data the relative deviation eplision(n) = sigma(n)/E(n) is introduced; sigma is the standard deviation and E(n) is the expectation value of the counting rate. In the conventional scanning in which the detector moves with a costant speed, the relative deviation varies from area to area according to the concentration of the radioisotope in the brain. In the so-called cold area of the brain scintigram, the relative deviation fluctuates remarkably because of a rather low density of radioisotope in this area. PMID- 1242793 TI - [False aneurysm due to mycotic angitis-case report (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral mycotic angitis takes place as a secondary disease to inflammation which is precipitated on the arterial wall to the artery, most frequently the vasa vasorum, as a result of settlement of infectious embolus into there, and it is usually seen in the patient with cardiac disease. The middle cerebral artery is a major region where the lesion takes place in multitude, and it is only rarely seen in the patient having infection in the brain or dura mater. We have recently experienced a very rare case in which false aneurysm was induced in the internal carotid artery by angitis due to Aspergillus, and this report deals with case. A 26-year-old office-man: He was attacked by loss of consciousness, aphesia, right hemiparesis during work in his office. As left CAG demonstrated evidence of arteriovenous malformation, redical operation was performed. He took a favorable course postoperatively, but developed meningitis on 10th day, when massive antibiotic therapy was started. During treatment, however, his consciousness rapidly decreased, and it was found on left CAG that there was false aneurysm in the cisternal segment of the left internal carotid artery which has previously been completely healthy. Operation was practiced once again to reinforce the wall of the left internal carotid artery, but the patient died of aggravated meningitis. Autopsy demonstrated a very fragile left internal carotidartery associated with perporation which was surrounded byprominent coagula. Histological examinations indicated that the perforation of the vascular wall had been caused by angitis due to Aspergillus infection. PMID- 1242794 TI - [Biliary peritonitis caused by necrosis of the afferent loop in a gastrectomized puerpera. Clinico-surgical considerations]. PMID- 1242795 TI - Intolerance of eight ounces of milk in healthy lactose-intolerant teen-agers. AB - The ability of lactose-intolerant individuals to tolerate 8 ounces of milk was determined in healthy teen-agers. Thirty-two blacks were studied with 50-gm lactose tolerance tests. Nineteen (59%) had a flat blood sugar curve and 13 (39%) also developed bloating, cramps, loose stools, or diarrhea with the test. These latter 13 were defined as lactose-intolerant. Seven of the 13 lactose-intolerant teen-agers (54%) developed abdominal bloating and/or cramps after drinking 8 ounces of milk (half-pint). None had diarrhea. Eight were symptomatic with the equivalent amount of lactose (12 gm) while only one had symptoms with the monosaccharide components of lactose, glucose and galactose. The symptoms with milk and 12 gm of lactose were less severe than with the 50-gm tolerance test. A history of a prior awareness of milk intolerance was obtained from 11 of the 13 lactose-intolerant subjects. At least one half of lactose intolerant teen-agers might be expected to be symptomatic after drinking 8 ounces of milk without other food. Milk intolerance should be considered in the nutritional planning for teen agers with special attention to members of population groups with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance. PMID- 1242796 TI - [Letter: Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 1242797 TI - [Content of chlorinated insecticide residues in commercial samples of powdered milk for newborn infants]. PMID- 1242798 TI - Medical evaluation of osmolar factors. PMID- 1242799 TI - Fat, calcium and nitrogen balance in full-term infants. PMID- 1242800 TI - Choice of carbohydrate in neonatal nutrition. PMID- 1242801 TI - Methodology of clinical trials. PMID- 1242802 TI - Cows' milk allergy. Some clinical and immunological aspects. PMID- 1242803 TI - IgE in milk allergy. PMID- 1242804 TI - Aspects of the management of meningitis. PMID- 1242805 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels in prolymphocytic type leukemic transformation of lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 1242806 TI - Determinationa of the number of heterophilic antibodies and complement in patients with leukemia. PMID- 1242807 TI - Some aspects of sexually transmitted diseases today. PMID- 1242808 TI - Killer cells and immune complexes in thyroid disease. PMID- 1242809 TI - Long-acting thyroid stimulator and related factors. PMID- 1242810 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on the cerebral lesion of rats in experimental chronic cyanide poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242812 TI - [The reform of Article 51 of the criminal code of West Germany and the concept of disease described in the same article]. PMID- 1242811 TI - [An autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy with special reference to the distribution of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes in the basal ganglia and brain stem of two cases of this disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242813 TI - [Minimum constitutional standards for adequate treatment of the mentally ill]. PMID- 1242814 TI - [On the problem of arthrographic diagnosis and of consideration of disk menisci tauthor's transl)]. PMID- 1242815 TI - [Cephalgia due to cervical arthrosis. Physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 1242816 TI - [Physiopathology of pain in the biliary tract]. PMID- 1242817 TI - [Postoperative thoracic pain]. PMID- 1242819 TI - [Pain--anthropologic-psychiatric perspectives]. PMID- 1242818 TI - [Non-painful pancreatitis. Study of 6 cases with anatomo-pathological references]. PMID- 1242820 TI - Radioimmunoassay for anileridine, meperidine and other N-substituted phenylpiperidine carboxylic acid esters. AB - Antibodies that bind an 125I-tyramyl derivative of N-succinylanileridine have been produced in animals immunized with N-succinylanileridine-hemocyanin conjugate. Several congeners and metabolites have been tested as competitors of this antigen-antibody reaction. The concentrations (in picomoles) required for 50% inhibition have been found to be: anileridine (0.2), meperidine (3.5), piminodine (3.8), diphenoxylate (20.5), normeperidine (20.0), meperidine acid (45,000) and anileridine acid (3,400). Although ester hydrolysis results in changes in inhibiting capacities on the order of 10(4), major structural changes in the substituent on the nitrogen of the piperidine ring are not readily recognized by the antibody. This radioimmunoassay can be used to study a variety of N-substituted phenylpiperidine carboxylic acid esters by relating the results to the standard curve obtained for the drug under investigation. For all practical purposes, alphaprodine, morphine and methadone do not interfere with the assay. PMID- 1242821 TI - [Identification of organic substances by means of spectral methods in forensic toxicological analysis. II. Nuclear magnetic resonance]. AB - In opening the paper, the authors present a brief outline of the fundamentals of nuclear magnetic resonance. Using selected cases from practice, they demonstrate the use of nuclear magnetic resonance for the purpose of forensic toxicologic analysis. The method is particularly suitable for identifying unknown organic compounds and for analysing mixtures of substances. PMID- 1242822 TI - A review of obesity and its management in 263 cases. AB - Obesity is defined with reference to hte probable cellular differences in adolescent and maturity-onset obesity. The aetiology and pathogenesis of obesity are briefly discussed. A multifactorial approach was used to treat 263 patients for obesity. This regimen included strict diet, programmed exercise, psychotherapy and medication. D-Phendimetrazine bitartrate in the long-acting form proved an excellent anorexiant for routine use. Fenfluramine was a valuable adjuvant drug for refractory cases. A detailed analysis of the results shows an over-all classified mean weight loss of 14,3%. Interrelationships between degree of overweight, age, degree of weight loss, etc., are critically examined. The most important conclusion was the need for close medical supervision and encouragement both during and after the formal weight loss programme. PMID- 1242824 TI - Treatment of minors for venereal disease. PMID- 1242823 TI - Hormonal therapy of breast cancer with special reference to Masteril therapy. AB - From 1968 to 1972, a trial of a new agent, drostanolone propionate (Masteril), was conducted. This agent was tested against oophorectomy in a group of premenopausal patients, against nandrolone phenylpropionate (Durabolin) in a perimenopausal group, and against ethinyl oestradiol in a postmenopausal group. In the premenopausal group, 44% responded to Masteril and 22% to oophorectomy. In the perimenopausal group, 34,5% responded to Masteril and 39% to Durabolin. In the postmenopausal group, 57% responded to oestrogens and 38,5% to Masteril. The side-effects of Masteril are generally not serious and rarely contra-indicate its use. Masteril has been shown to be a useful and safe agent for all age groups, even though it may appear to be less effective than oestrogens in the postmenopausal patients. PMID- 1242825 TI - [Concerning the toxicity of parbendazole (Helmatac 30) to horses and ponies (author's transl)]. AB - The toxicity of parbendazole in different doses was investigated with 52 horses and 16 ponies, in twelve groups. Side effects observed with the anthelmintic were laxation (soft dung, diarrhoea), anorexia, and listlessness. The seriousness of these symptoms depended greatly on the dose used. Half the therapeutic dose of parbendazole (2.5 to 3.75 mg/kg) administered on two consecutive days led, as a rule, to only slight toxic symptoms and proved highly effective with regard to gastro-intestinal nematodes occurring in horses and ponies. The utilisation of "standard powders" (not commercially available as such) is recommended for simplified dosing (and thus preventing overdosing as far as possible). The laxative side effect of parbendazole was greater during the performing of work (movement). This investigation involved eight Shetland ponies in foal. The pregnancy varied between four and eleven months. No unfavourable effect on the gravidity or on the development of the foetus were observed. Neither clinical examination nor clinical chemical serum examination gave any indication of the occurrence of hyperlipaemia after treatment with parbendazole. PMID- 1242826 TI - HL-A in Graves' disease and in diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent. PMID- 1242827 TI - [Occurrence of tumorous form of bovine leucosis]. PMID- 1242828 TI - [Dosimetry of patients with Basedow's disease having a die-away angle; value of lithium in therapeutic combination with iodine-131]. PMID- 1242829 TI - [Meniscotome and wound dilator for meniscectomy]. PMID- 1242830 TI - [General anesthesia in patients with toxic goiter]. AB - A report of the author's personal experience with analtesia in 604 patients having toxic goiter is given. During the procedure the effect of various anesthetics on the pulse rate at the time of surgery was studied. It was found that the combined neuroleptanalgesia and a combination of local infiltrative novacain anesthesia with nitrogen monoxide-oxygen narcosis renders the most favourable effect in such cases. PMID- 1242831 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries of the knee joint menisci]. PMID- 1242832 TI - [Use of guthimine for treatment of intestinal paresis in peritonitis under experimental and clinical conditions]. AB - A new stimulator of intestinal peristalsis-guthymine (guanylthiourea) was used experimentally and clinically for treatment of the bowel paresis in peritonitis. Preliminary, in experiments on 53 rabbits with colibacillar peritonitis an efficacy of guthymine was compared with other stimulators of the gastrointestinal tract: proserine, a hypertonic solution of sodium chloride and sorbitol. Guthymine was found to be the most effective drug. Clinically, in 23 of 33 patients with intestinal paresis a drip administration of 15-50 mg/Kg of guthymine would provide for aborting the signs of paresis. In 8 patients a moderately pronounced effect was noted. In 2 cases the use of guthimine failed to produce any positive effects. PMID- 1242833 TI - Editorial: A job action by physicians. PMID- 1242834 TI - Schizophrenia: a multinational study. Cluster analysis. PMID- 1242835 TI - Aims of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. PMID- 1242836 TI - Schizophrenia: a multinational study. Design. PMID- 1242837 TI - The diagnosis of schizophrenia in cross-cultural studies--the need for standardized symptomatological approach. PMID- 1242838 TI - Schizophrenia: a multinational study. Characteristics of the study population. PMID- 1242839 TI - Schizophrenia: a multinational study. Units of analysis, groups of units, and the psychopathology of patient groups. PMID- 1242840 TI - [Proceedings: Diagnostic specifics in primary and secondary heart neoplasms]. PMID- 1242841 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of tricyclic antidepressive agents and of Nomifensin (Hoe984) on the contractile properties of the isolated papillary muscle and on the tonus of the smooth vascular muscles]. PMID- 1242842 TI - [Detection of H2O2 in uperized milk (author's transl)]. AB - Qualitative determination of H2O2 in uperized milk by means of PERID-test-tablets and quantitative tests by means of lactoperoxidase showed that H2O2 is more or less decomposed depending on the original concentration in the uperized milk. The relationship between H2O2-content, time of storage and ascorbic-acid-content are discussed. PMID- 1242843 TI - [Effect of analgesic-antipyretic agents on various Enterobacteriaceae strains]. PMID- 1242844 TI - Dehydrogenase activity and microbial population in soils treated with chloroform and toluene. PMID- 1242845 TI - Hydrolysis of urea in different soil types as affected by certain inorganic salts. PMID- 1242846 TI - Influence of pelleting cabbage seedlings (var. K.K.) with Azotobacter chroococcum in the presence of different phosphate fertilizers on their yield. PMID- 1242847 TI - Effect of bacterial wilt on uptake and translocation of phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, and manganese in alfalfa plants. PMID- 1242849 TI - [Duration of the infectivity of eye-spot-diseased stubbles. III. Influence of roots on infectivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242848 TI - Salts affecting microorganisms of certain soils. PMID- 1242850 TI - Occurrence of crystalliferous bacteria in the diseased cocoons of Bombyx mori in Pakistan. PMID- 1242851 TI - [Radiosensitivity of mycoplasma and damage to their DNA after irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242852 TI - Incidence of coagulase-positive staphylococci in Damietta cheese. PMID- 1242853 TI - [Examination of relations between fertilizing and humic matters (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242854 TI - Activatory effect of some rare earths on microbial nitrogen transformations. PMID- 1242855 TI - Microbial deterioration of petroleum products and their prevention by toxic inhibitors. PMID- 1242856 TI - [Studies on leukosis specific antibodies in sera of leukotic cattle and sheep by immuno- and countercurrent electrophoresis]. PMID- 1242857 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of the atopic condition: evaluation of a possible method based on human serum complement consumption. AB - Purified house dust allergen has been employed for screening the susceptibility to inactivation of haemolytic complement in the blood serum of atopic individuals and control subjects. Though the atopic sera displayed a tendency to higher susceptibility, no practical distinction was possible from the sera of patients with various forms of chronic pulmonary disease, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, or urticaria. CH50 and C4 levels were unrelated to allergen-sensitivity of haemolytic complement, nor was there a correlation with the titers of naturally occurring sheep red cell haemolysins. Although blood group specificity within the ABO system was distributed over the patients as expected for the normal population, the titers of A- and B-type antibodies displayed a trend to correlate with the allergen-sensitivity of fluid phase complement. PMID- 1242859 TI - Mites and allergenic activity in house-dust on Heligoland. PMID- 1242858 TI - Blood group activity of allergenic preparations. AB - Haemagglutination-inhibition studies showed that several different allergenic preparations exhibit A and B blood group activity. Most products displayed A specificity, less often B-specificity; the inhibition titers were usually low. No correlation was evident between isoagglutination-inhibition titers and the complement-consuming capacity or skin-reactivity of the allergens. Absorption of A- and B-isoagglutinins from human serum did not affect the complement consumption by house dust allergens. Hapten-inhibition studies confirmed the non participation of blood group antibodies in allergen-induced complement consumption. The observed inhibition by D-glucosamine is attributed to a partial structural homology with the lysine-sugar site on house dust allergens. PMID- 1242860 TI - [The importance of radio-allergo-sorbent-test in comparison with intracutaneous test in diagnosis of allergic diseases]. AB - A comparison of clinical skin-tesing using the prick-test and the intracutaneous test with the radio-allergo-sorbent-test (RAST) in 167 patients with different immediate-type allergies showed concordant results in 75.7 per cent of the cases. In 20 per cent of the cases, the skin-test was positive while the simultaneous RAST was negative. Results in male and female patients did not show any important difference. The two test methods agreed well with selected antigens, e.g. grass pollen, animal-epithelium, fungi and egg white; whereas, the two methods showed considerably different results using tree pollen and housedust as antigens. PMID- 1242861 TI - Therapeutic index of steroid aerosols in asthma. A single-blind comparative trial of beclomethasone dipropionate vs dexamethasone isonicotinate. AB - 1) A 4-week single-blind study is reported which compares the responses of 10 matched pairs of adult asthmatic patients to Beclomethasone Dipropionate and Dexamethasone Isonicotinate aerosols, each at 12 metered-doses per day. 2) Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by measurement of pulmonary function (PEFR) and by a physician's "overall evaluation" scale. 3) Side-effects related to systemic absorption were evaluated by A.M. blood cortisol levels and total eosinophil counts. 4) At the doses studied, Beclomethasone Dipropionate produced both no side-effects and a significant favourable clinical response, while Dexamethasone Isonicotinate produced significant side-effects and a lesser clinical response. PMID- 1242862 TI - Oxidation of phenethylamine yielding tyramine by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 1242863 TI - The effect of a calcium-antagonistic drug, nifedipine, on the mechanical and electrical activity of the isolated rat atrium. PMID- 1242864 TI - Calcium-antagonistic and anti-arrhythmic effects of nifedipine on the isolated rat atrium. PMID- 1242865 TI - Distribution of sodium, potassium and lithium in the brain of lithium-treated rats. PMID- 1242866 TI - Collagen profile in rat granulation tissue after cyclophosphamide treatment. PMID- 1242867 TI - Acute sodium fluoride toxicity in rats in relation to age and sex. PMID- 1242868 TI - Thyroid nodules. PMID- 1242869 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of tolamolol on atrioventricular conduction in man. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of tolamolol (UK-6558-01), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, were studied in 13 patients by means of intracardiac electrograms and the extrastimulus method. Tolamolol (4 to 30 mg. intravenously) resulted in : (1) prolongation of sinus cycle length (SCL) in all patients (p less than 0.01); (2) prolongation of sinus escape time (SET) in 11 of 13 patients (p less than 0.001); (3) prolongation of A-V nodal conduction time during sinus rhythm in 1i of 13 patients (p less than 0.001); (4) onset of A-V nodal Wenckebach block at longer paced cycle lengths in 10 of 11 patients (p less than 0.001); (5) prolongation of the functional refractory period (FRP) of the A-V node in 11 of 11 patients (p less than 0.001); and (6) prolongation of the effective refractory period (ERP) of the A-V node in 10 of 10 patients (P less than 0.001). Tolamolol had no effect on His-Purkinje system (HPS) conduction time in any patient, including 3 patients with abnormal H-V intervals. Because of the marked increase in A-V nodal conduction time encountered by premature atrial depolarizations, the relative and effective refractory periods of the HPS could not be determined in any patient after tolamolol. Atropine (0.5 or 1.0 mg. intravenously) significantly reversed the effects of tolamolol on: sinus cycle length (4 of 5 patients); sinus escape time (3 of 3 patients); A-V nodal conduction time (4 of 5 patients); and A-V nodal refractioriness (5 of 5 patients). PMID- 1242870 TI - Iatrogenic respiratory distress syndrome. An analysis of obstetric events preceding delivery of infants who develop respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The obstetric events leading to the birth of infants who developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were evaluated. In a retrospective study of 100 consecutive cases it was determined that untimely or unwarranted physician intervention in the pregnancy was responsible for 15 per cent of cases and possibly responsible for another 18 per cent. Recommendations for prevention of "iatrogenic" RDS are made. PMID- 1242871 TI - A new contrast medium for cholangio-cholecystography: meglumine iodoxamete. AB - A preliminary study of 18 patients following a single bolus intravenous injection of 10 to 30 cc. of meglumine iodoxamate (Cholovue), a new contrast medium for cholangio-cholecystography, showed no significant adverse clinical or laboratory effects with 10 to 20 cc., and only transient, minor changes with 30 cc. Early and persistent visucalization of the subsegmented and major bile ducts and the gallbladder was obtained. Good to excellent opacification was obtained in all cases with doses ranging between 0.11 cc./kg. (19.7 mg. iodine) to 0.59 cc./kg. (108 mg. iodine). Meglumine iodoxamate appears to be highly effective agent for cholangio-cholecystography. PMID- 1242872 TI - Why and when is status inconsistency stressful? PMID- 1242873 TI - Modernization and mobility into the patrimonial medical elite in Thailand. PMID- 1242874 TI - Primary tumors of the small bowel. AB - Primary tumors of the small bowel are uncommon, representing less than 6 per cent of all gastrointestinal tumors and less than 2 per cent of all malignant gastrointestinal tumors. This report concerns a twenty-five year survey of our clinical records from 1946 to 1971 which revealed 140 primary small bowel tumors, excluding periampullary tumors. Fifty-two of the neoplasms (37 per cent) were benign; eighty-eight (63 per cent) were malignant and included twenty-eight adenocarcinomas (31.8 per cent), twenty-four lymphosarcomas (27.3 per cent), nineteen carcinoids (21.6 per cent), and ten leiomyosarcomas (11.4 per cent). The average age at the time of diagnosis was 56.9 years for patients with benign tumors and 55.9 years for those with malignant tumors. The illusive and obscure nature of small bowel tumors is illustrated by the fact that 63.3 per cent of patients with benign lesions and 47.6 per cent of those with malignant lesions had symptoms for more than six months before the diagnosis was made. Bleeding was the most common present complaint in patients with benign neoplasms (52.9 per cent) whereas patients with malignant lesions more often had symptoms of obstruction (50.6 per cent). Most of the benign lesions were located proximally in the small bowel (duodenum, 34.6 per cent; ileum, 11.5 per cent), and most of the malignant lesions were located distally (duodenum, 17.0 per cent; ileum, 61.4 per cent). Treatment of patients with malignant lesions was radical excision whenever possible. Adjunctive radiation therapy was used for those with lymphoma. A second benign or malignant tumor occurred in 42.9 per cent of the patients with primary small bowel tumors. The average period of survival after diagnosis of a malignant small bowel tumor was 5.03 years: for patients with adenocarcinoma, 3.6 years; lymphosarcoma, 1.3 years; carcinoid, 6.8 years; and leiomyosarcoma, 8.3 years. PMID- 1242875 TI - [Intracytoplasmic tubulareticular structures. Presence in human lymphosarcoma]. AB - Intracytoplasmic tubuloreticular structures were found in the tumour cells of a human lymphosarcoma. Such structures have been described in a wide variety of conditions in man and in animals, as well as in cell cultures of various origin, but rarely in lymphoid tumours. The different hypotheses concerning their nature are discussed. PMID- 1242876 TI - Medical education and practic in People's Republic of China. AB - A dramatic adaptation of medical education to meet indigenous needs and circumstances has occurred in the People's Republic of China in the context of a highly structured health care delivery and medical referral system, entailing a reduction in curriculum length from 6 to 3 years. Although general directions and guidelines are set centrally by Peking, considerable autonomy and flexibility exist in individual schools. The innovative approaches used include training medical students in countryside and factories as well as medical schools, combining traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine, opening hospital-run medical schools, and using unconventional methods of producing medical doctors. On graduation the students generally return to the communities from which they came. Although the total number of medical graduates still falls short of national requirements, the problem of maldistribution of physicians has been alleviated in China. Medical care is now readily available in rural areas, where 80% of the population resides. PMID- 1242877 TI - Influence of carbohydrate and nitrogen source on patulin production by Penicillium patulum. AB - A strain of Penicillium patulum, isolated from cheddar cheese, produced patulin when grown on liquid media containing lactose and milk nitrogen sources. Patulin production was affected by the temperature of incubation, the type and amount of carbohydrate, and the type of nitrogen source present. Patulin levels generally were depressed by incubation at 5 C and low carbohydrate levels. Patulin was produced at low levels in the absence of sugars at 5 C when the mold was grown on milk nitrogen sources. No patulin was detected in cultures grown on 25% casein slurries or cheddar cheese, even though growth of the mold was extensive. PMID- 1242878 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis caused by haloprogin. AB - Haloprogin therapy has been used for years, but no cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been observed. On the basis of the results from several series of patch tests and biopsy findings, the first documented case, to my knowledge, of allergic contact dermatitis caused by haloprogin is reported. PMID- 1242879 TI - Concentrated milk feeds and their relation to hypernatraemic dehydration in infants. AB - The composition of milks usually fed to 25 infants admitted to hospital with a dehydrating illness was studied. 15 hypernatraemic babies had been given feeds of greater sodium concentration and osmolality than those fed to the 10 infants whose plasma sodium was below 150 mEq/l. Hypernatraemic dehydration may be followed by death or permanent brain damage. Most infants in the survey were receiving milk with a sodium content greater than that advised by the manufacturers. Suggestions are made for reducing the sources of error commonly made in the reconstitution of dried milk formulae. PMID- 1242880 TI - Fat absorption by small babies fed two filled milk formulae. AB - In 3-day fat balances, 7 of 8 infants had appreciably more steatorrhoea when they were fed Cow and Gate V formula than when they were fed SMA. The mean fat excretion (+/- SEM) expressed as a percentage of the amount ingested on Cow and Gate V was 28-1 +/- 3-9 compared with 10-5 +/- 2-3 on SMA. Gas-liquid chromatography of the faecal fat in 2 of 3 infants showed that C16:0 was responsible for most of the excess fatty acid when they were fed Cow and Gate V formula. PMID- 1242881 TI - Lead content of deciduous teeth of children in different environments. AB - The lead content of teeth of children in five different environments has been measured to determine the relative contribution of different sources of lead. The importance of lead paint in children living in dilapidated housing is clearly observed, but no effect attributable to automobile exhaust or industrial emissions is apparent. High lead levels were found among children living in new public housing projects within the high lead area of the city, even though a lead paint problem presumably should not exist in the projects themselves. The data are analyzed to determine the frequency with which excessive lead contents occur in the problem area in comparison to a low risk area. PMID- 1242882 TI - [Use of the latex test in the serodiagnosis of enzootic leukosis of cattle]. AB - Two antigenic extracts, prepared by different methods, were tried on 317 serum samples in the microscope-slide agglutination, sedimentation and tube agglutination tests. In comparison with the haematological findings, both antigens and all the tests gave a proportion of non-specific positive results, which made it impossible to obtain specific results. Various ways of reducing the proportion of non-specific reactions were tried, without success. PMID- 1242883 TI - [Structure modification of analgesic drugs by s-triazine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1242884 TI - Estimation of the LD1 and extrapolation of the LD0.1 for five organophosphate pesticides. AB - The oral LD50,s for organophosphate pesticides have been determined in CD-1 strain male and female mice. The values in mg/kg are: Trichlorfon, 800 and 800; Naled, 409 and 330; Dichlorvos, 139 and 133, GC6506, 23.4 and 17.8; Fospirate, 225 and 263 respectively. Toxicity was greater in males with Fospirate and greater in females with Naled and GC6506. The predicted LD1's and the extrapolated LD0.1's have been determined for the 5 organophosphates from an unbalanced design, loaded heavily toward the lower end of the dose-response curve. It has been shown that the slopes of the curves obtained with 50, 100 and 660 animals are parallel for all compound except Fospirate in the 660 mouse experiments. This is probably related to excessive female deaths in the upper segment of the dose-response curve. Sex dependent lethality was observed with Trichlorfon, Dichlorvos and Fospirate with the males being more susceptible than the females except in the case of Fospirate where there was a reversal at the LD50 with greater susceptibility in the females. The conditions for obtaining accurate results in such experiments have been established. The implications of human exposure to low levels of the environmental pollutants have been discussed. PMID- 1242885 TI - The effect of magnesium sulfate on the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid and lithium carbonate from the human intestine. AB - Magnesium sulfate given orally in a hypertonic or isotonic solution did not alter the absorption of therapeutic doses of acetylsalicylic acid or lithium carbonate, despite a purgative effect in 10 volunteers. The concentration of magnesium in serum remained unchanged during the experiments. PMID- 1242886 TI - Paraquat poisoning in man. AB - In three cases of intoxication by Gramoxone?, the concentration of paraquat dichloride in blood, dialysate, feces, and urine was determined spectrophotometrically after a clean-up of the biological material by means of ion exchange chromatography (with Dowex 50W-X12 or Zeo-Karb 225). Although good results were obtained after clean-up with Dowex 50W-X12, Zeo-Karb was preferred as ion exchange resin, especially when large sample volumes were needed for the determination. The reported findings indicate that: only 5 to 10% of an ingested dose of paraquat dichloride is absorbed in man, Fullers' earth is very useful, and that primary, e.g. immediate, hemodialysis is necessary. PMID- 1242888 TI - [Lethal intoxication with leaves of the yew tree (Taxus baccata) (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a rare lethal intoxication with yew leaves (taxus baccata) is reported. The clinical signs were dizziness (onset 1 hr after yew leaves were ingested), nausea, diffuse abdominal pain, unconsciousness, weak breathing, tachycardia, brief ventricular flutter afterwards a slow pulse, and finally death by respiratory arrest and diastolic cardiac standstill. Particular attention was given to the ECG. It showed an atypical bundle branch block with a maximal QRS duration of 0.24 sec. A striking resemblence to the ECG in the case of hyperkalemia is seen in that P-waves were absent. Therefore, the possibility is noted that an acute hyperkalemia could be partly responsible for the cardiotoxic effect of the leaf. PMID- 1242887 TI - A rapid and specific method for the determination of traces of thallium directly in urine by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - The applicability of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry to the direct qualitative and quantitative analysis of thallium in urine has been investigated. Comparisons were made between the hanging mercury drop electrode and the mercury plated wax impregnated graphite electrode. The latter electrode was found to be somewhat more sensitive, with detection limits in the lower ppb range. For quantitative determination, the hanging mercury drop electrode showed better reproducibility. The effects of toxicologically important metals on the analysis of thallium were investigated and their possible interference could be eliminated by a proper choice of operating conditions. The advantages of the proposed method are its sensitivity, speed and low cost in comparison with other methods for detecting and measuring thallium. PMID- 1242889 TI - The usefulness of the enzymatic tests in acute poisonings. AB - In the group of 107 patients poisoned by carbon monoxide (18 patients), ethanol (10), barbiturates (18), glutehimide (10), tranquilizers (19), organic solvents (10),salicylates (3), organochlorines (8), and sulfonamides (5)--the activities of 8 serum enzymes were determined for 6 consecutive days of treatment, the enzymes being as follows: aminotransferases, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. The antipyrine half-life was also assayed. It has been shown that the poisonings by particular groups of poisons do not bring about characteristic changes in the activity of enzymes that might be of any diagnostic value. The intensity of changes was connected withe depth and duration of toxic coma. Most frequently an increase ensued in the activity of AspAt and AlAt in the third 24 hrs period, and an increase in the activity of SDH in the first 24-hrs period. In the group under examination there were 26 drug abusers in whom a shortening of the antipyrine half-life was discovered. They were less responsive to toxic doses of drugs, and the enzymatic changes in them were less distinct. No changes in the activity of tested enzymes, which are characteristic of toxicomania, were found. PMID- 1242890 TI - Myeloid hyperplasia in growing rats after chronic treatment with delta 9-THC at behavioral doses. AB - Delta 9-THC at the dose of 1 mg/kg/die was administered subcutaneously in growing rats, from the second to the 30th day of life. A statistically significant myeloid hyperplasia was demonstrated, which persisted up to 4 months after the end of the treatment, together with significant blood granulocytosis. PMID- 1242892 TI - [Opening address of the 1st chairman of the German Ophthalmologic Society]. PMID- 1242893 TI - [German Ophthalmologic Society. Report on the 73rd Convention in Heidelberg 1973. Diseases of the macula]. PMID- 1242891 TI - The excretion in urine of four insecticidal carbamates and their phenolic metabolites after oral administration to rats. AB - 4 insecticidal carbamates: 3-methyl, 5-isopropylphenyl N-methyl-carbamate (Promecarb), 4-methylthio, 3,5 dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (Mesurol), 4 dimethyl-amino, 3,5 dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (Zectran), and 4 benzothienyl N-methyl-carbamate (Mobam) were orally administered to male Wistar rats. The excretion of the unchanged products was followed in 24 hrs urine collections. The corresponding phenols of the different carbamates could be identified as metabolites by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometyr. These metabolites were quantified afterward by gas-liquid chromatography. In all cases only minor quantities of unchanged products and metabolites were excreted in the urine over the 48 hrs after administration. PMID- 1242894 TI - [Electrophysiologic examination methods in the differential diagnosis of macular changes]. PMID- 1242895 TI - [Electro-ophthalmology in juvenile hereditary macular degeneration]. PMID- 1242896 TI - [The electro-oculogram of the central retina]. PMID- 1242897 TI - [Moderated discussion on the entire complex of function tests]. PMID- 1242898 TI - [Diabetic maculopathy]. PMID- 1242899 TI - [Radial fold formation in the macular area]. PMID- 1242900 TI - [Macular changes in the foveal optic disk]. PMID- 1242901 TI - [Foveal optic disk with central retinoschisis]. PMID- 1242902 TI - [Idiopathic (?) and tumor-induced transverse pleating of the central fundus oculi]. PMID- 1242903 TI - [Severely diminished vision in a family with recessive sex-determined heredity]. PMID- 1242904 TI - [Early childhood nystagmus due to deficiency of macular function]. PMID- 1242905 TI - [Examination of macular function under the influence of vasoactive drugs of various chemical origin]. PMID- 1242906 TI - [Significance of the temporal lower quadrant in acquired macular ectopy]. PMID- 1242907 TI - [ERG and EOG in x-chromosome vitreo-retinal degeneration]. PMID- 1242908 TI - [Electroretinogram of the rabbit under vincristine]. PMID- 1242909 TI - [Pupillographic examination of spectrum sensitivity in circumscribed retinal regions]. PMID- 1242911 TI - [A new method for the demonstration of eye movements in the objective visual acuity test]. PMID- 1242910 TI - [Normal and pathological morphology of the macular area. Physical principles and methods of ophthalmoscopy of the macular area]. PMID- 1242912 TI - [Speed of eye movements in various directions]. PMID- 1242913 TI - [Quantification of the clinical EOG-test]. PMID- 1242914 TI - [Changes in the electric dipole-momentum of the human eye (ODM) in brief and medium-long light and dark stimuli (second and minute interval)]. PMID- 1242915 TI - [A nystagmus analyzer for clinical nystagmography]. PMID- 1242916 TI - [Combined contact lense correction in unilateral aphakia. Preliminary report]. PMID- 1242917 TI - [Tests on subjective refraction determination using macular differences in sensitivity towards light]. PMID- 1242918 TI - [Macular type of diffuse tapeto-retinal degeneration (a disease course observation)]. PMID- 1242919 TI - [Fundus flavimaculatus with visible changes only in the macular area]. PMID- 1242920 TI - [Developmental stages in hereditary juvenile macular degeneration]. PMID- 1242921 TI - [Normal ophthalmoscopic and histologic findings of the macular area and its variations]. PMID- 1242922 TI - [Pathogenesis of preretinal macular fibrosis]. PMID- 1242923 TI - [Observations on star-fold retinitis in relation to various therapeutic measures]. PMID- 1242924 TI - [Clinical aspects of keratotorus]. PMID- 1242925 TI - [Iris changes in glaucoma]. PMID- 1242926 TI - [Post-traumatic delayed rosette (contusion rosette) in the histological picture]. PMID- 1242927 TI - [Dominantly inherited myloidosis of the vitreous body]. PMID- 1242928 TI - [Circular holes of the retina in the fluorescence picture]. PMID- 1242929 TI - [Vascular abnormalities within the central fundus region]. PMID- 1242930 TI - [Fundus findings in juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1242931 TI - [Cataract surgery using a rotating circular knife]. PMID- 1242932 TI - [Dexon as suture material in strabismus surgery]. PMID- 1242933 TI - [Technical progress in contact glass examination of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 1242934 TI - [Radiation sterilization of contact lenses]. PMID- 1242935 TI - [Objective perimetry using IR-reflexphotometric registration of indirect pupillary light reflex]. PMID- 1242936 TI - [Visually evoked cortical potentials (VECP) in retinal siderosis with macular involvement]. PMID- 1242937 TI - [Objective and quantitative measurements of eye-movement disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1242938 TI - [Nasal termination of the lacrimal sac]. PMID- 1242939 TI - [Effect of vasodilator agents on i.o. (intraocular) pressure]. PMID- 1242940 TI - [Effect of locally administered oxymetazoline on intraocular pressure]. PMID- 1242941 TI - [Equal behavior of ocular blood circulation capacity and intraocular pressure in changes of arterial gas tensions]. PMID- 1242942 TI - [Technic and mode of action of peripheral, antiglaucomatous iridectomy]. PMID- 1242943 TI - [Indication, technic and results of "goniotrepanation with a scleral lid" in primary chronic glaucoma]. PMID- 1242944 TI - [Experiences with goniotrepanation]. PMID- 1242945 TI - [Suggestion of a calibration procedure for the Mackay-Marg tonometer]. PMID- 1242946 TI - [Differential diagnosis of non-rhegmatogenous retinal findings]. PMID- 1242947 TI - [Experimental laser effect on the eye]. PMID- 1242948 TI - [Anatomy of choroidal and retinal vascularization of the posterior eye pole]. PMID- 1242949 TI - [Corneal and conjunctival changes in dialysis patients]. PMID- 1242950 TI - [Therapy of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva]. PMID- 1242951 TI - [Regeneration ability of the corneal epithelium under the influence of various hypotensive eye drops]. PMID- 1242952 TI - [Use of a new drug, eledoisin, in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca]. PMID- 1242953 TI - [Enzymes and intermediate products of glycogen metabolism in various parts of calf and cattle lenses]. PMID- 1242954 TI - [Ultrastructure of the retina and function of the isolated and arterially perfused mammalian eye]. PMID- 1242955 TI - [Ophthalmologic symptoms in atypical marble bone disease (Albers-Schonberg)]. PMID- 1242956 TI - [Autotransplantation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). A contribution on the MVR problem]. PMID- 1242957 TI - [Demonstration of proteins in the aqueous humor using combined disc immunoelectrophoresis]. PMID- 1242958 TI - [Acquired chorioretinal vascular anastomoses in macular diseases]. PMID- 1242959 TI - [Sequelae of unilateral exudative hemorrhagic maculopathy]. PMID- 1242960 TI - [Pigment epithelium changes in drusen of the macular region]. PMID- 1242961 TI - [General pathology of macular diseases (comparison of clinical and histopathology findings)]. PMID- 1242962 TI - [Histopathology of drusen in the macular region]. PMID- 1242963 TI - [Diagnostic significance of gallium scintigraphy in tumors of the eye and orbit]. PMID- 1242964 TI - [New methods for the information processing of echograms in ophthalmology]. PMID- 1242965 TI - [Comparative intraocular pressure determinations using various footplate surfaces of H. K. Muller's ophthalmodynamometer]. PMID- 1242966 TI - [Testing of a new streak retinoscope with a calibrated collimator]. PMID- 1242967 TI - [Television demonstration of the fundus oculi in reversed image]. PMID- 1242968 TI - [Advantages of polaroid fundus photography in the documentation of ophthalmologic findings]. PMID- 1242969 TI - [Degenerative diseases of the macula]. PMID- 1242970 TI - [Macular diseases in retinal-vessel involvement]. PMID- 1242971 TI - [Reversible discontinuing arteriopathy (Kyrieleis) with multiple pigment detachments of the posterior fundus pole]. PMID- 1242972 TI - [Macular involvement in Coat's disease]. PMID- 1242973 TI - [Incidence of macular changes in patients with hypertensive disorders]. PMID- 1242974 TI - [So-called preretinal hemorrhage of the posterior pole]. PMID- 1242975 TI - [Fluorescence angiography of the fundus oculi in arteriosclerosis of coronary vessels and of vessels in the extremities]. PMID- 1242976 TI - [Toxic macular injuries]. PMID- 1242977 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the "bull's eye" macula]. PMID- 1242978 TI - [Macular changes in inflammatory diseases of the uvea and in the hypertension syndrome]. PMID- 1242979 TI - [Findings of fluorescence angiography studies of the posterior eye pole]. PMID- 1242980 TI - [Clinical aspect of Irvine-Gass syndrome]. PMID- 1242981 TI - [Principles of diagnostic progress through fluorescence angiography]. PMID- 1242982 TI - [Differential diagnostic deliberations over the delineation of macular involvements from optic nerve disorders]. PMID- 1242983 TI - [Viewpoints on the drug therapy of degenerative "senile" macular involvement]. PMID- 1242984 TI - [Light coagulation treatment and other surgical measures in macular diseases]. PMID- 1242985 TI - [Paramacular edema of the choroid]. PMID- 1242986 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation of patients with macular disorders]. PMID- 1242987 TI - [Changes of visual acuity in patients with retinal-vessel sclerosis and degenerative disorders of the macula lutea during a spa visit at Bad Hall]. PMID- 1242988 TI - [Photocoagulation of the paramacular and macular region]. PMID- 1242989 TI - [Treatment of exudative macular degeneration through light coagulation]. PMID- 1242990 TI - [Proportioned dwarfism combined with ocular myopathy, recurring corneal edema, tapetoretinal degeneration, hearing loss of the inner ear and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1242991 TI - [Bilateral proliferative retinal disease with synchisis scintillans]. PMID- 1242992 TI - [Diffuse, spotted, pseudoinflammatory form of juvenile choroid atrophy in identical twins]. PMID- 1242993 TI - [Proceedings: A simplified examination unit for hospital and practice]. PMID- 1242994 TI - [Fluorescence angiography in corneal vascularization]. PMID- 1242995 TI - [Voluntarily triggered nystagmus]. PMID- 1242996 TI - [Chromato-ophthalmoscopic picture of normal and pathologically changed maculas]. PMID- 1242997 TI - [Primary reconstruction of severely injured eyes]. PMID- 1242998 TI - [Proceedings: Management of perforating corneoscleral injury using a surgical microscope]. PMID- 1242999 TI - [Proceedings: Tenosurgery in strabismus operations]. PMID- 1243001 TI - [Proceedings: The technic of keratoprosthesis]. PMID- 1243002 TI - [Cold-light source through xenon high-pressure burner combined with mounted sky and single filters]. PMID- 1243000 TI - [Proceedings: Diascleral extraction of a cysticercous cyst]. PMID- 1243003 TI - [Systematically diverted saccadic eye movements--a new symptom of lower brain stem involvement]. PMID- 1243004 TI - [Documentation of ophthalmologic findings using the fundus polaroid camera (from the eye clinic of the dental hospital at Stade)]. PMID- 1243005 TI - [Echography of the vitreous body prior to and following cryoextraction of the lense]. PMID- 1243006 TI - [Behavior of children with strabismus in geometric-optical illusions (Muller-Lyer figure)]. PMID- 1243007 TI - [Attachment conditions and tendon length of straight eye muscles in relation to age]. PMID- 1243008 TI - [Examination methods for the evaluation of muscle and connective tissue portions in transverse sections of eye muscle. Comparison of electronic picture analysis and visual evaluation]. PMID- 1243009 TI - [Enzyme-histochemical demonstration of macular vessels and of the central zone of choriocapillaris]. PMID- 1243011 TI - [Poikiloderma of mucous membrane (Pillat 1949)]. PMID- 1243012 TI - [Hereditary degeneration of the posterior fundus oculi]. PMID- 1243010 TI - [A method for the measuring of eye-glass vertex distance]. PMID- 1243013 TI - [Address of the 1st chairman of the German Ophthalmologic Society at the occasion of the opening of the industrial exposition in Heidelberg, 1973]. PMID- 1243014 TI - [Photography of the macula through the contact glass]. PMID- 1243015 TI - [Macular changes in the equidensitometry picture]. PMID- 1243016 TI - [Examination of macular function. Introduction]. PMID- 1243018 TI - [Study of central visual acuity decrease in macular diseases and their differentiation using pathogenetic viewpoints]. PMID- 1243019 TI - [Examination of color perception]. PMID- 1243017 TI - [Examination of the visual field in macular diseases]. PMID- 1243020 TI - [Entoptic examination methods]. PMID- 1243021 TI - Role of 1-acyl-2-lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyl transferase in the biosynthesis of pulmonary phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1243022 TI - [Radioimmuno assay of the sulfonylurea AR-DF 26(author's transl)]. AB - A radioimmunological method was developed for 1-cyclohexyl-3-[p-(beta-4,4 dimethyl-7-methoxy-1,3-(2H,4H)-isoquinolinedion-2-yl)phenethyl]-sulfonylurea (AR DF 26, gliquidone, Glurenorm) estimations in plasma. The antisera were obtained by immunization of rabbits with AR-DF 26-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. The estimation is based on the competitive displacement in plasma samples of known amounts of labelled AR-DF 26, bound to a specific antibody by unknown amounts of unlabelled AR-DF 26. Concentrations of as low as 1 ng of AR-DF 26 per sample can be measured by this method. The investigations into the specificity of this reaction have shown that the antiserum is extremely specific for AR-DF 26. There is good reproducibility of the results and no differences could be found by variance analysis between different measurements of the same AR-DF 26 concentration. Since more than 70% of the plasma concentration correspond to unchanged AR-DF 26 for a longer period after application, the results of this AR DF 26-radioimmuno assay is only minimally altered by its metabolites. PMID- 1243023 TI - [MASCA-model of the biochemical-pharmacological drug research/ part 4: Structure activity relationships and MANOVA (author's transl)]. AB - The relation between the multivariate structure-activity analysis and the MANOVA is demonstrated on examples adapted from the combination analysis by Zipf, the dose-response and time-response analyses, the pharmacological screening and pharmacokinetics. PMID- 1243024 TI - Substituted phenylacetylguanidines: a new class of antihypertensive agents. AB - The synthesis of a new series of phenylacetylguanidines is described. Several of them exhibited high antihypertensive activity in the rat. The most potent member of the series is N-amidino-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide hydrochloride [2,6 dichlorophenylacetylguanidine hydrochloride, compound 19], which is now in clinical study under the clinical code number BS 100-141. The structure-activity relationships in this class of compounds are discussed. PMID- 1243025 TI - Pharmacological actions of the antihypertensive agent N-amidino-2-(2,6 dichlorophenyl)acetamide hydrochloride (BS 100-141). AB - Pharmacological properties characterizing N-amidino-2-(2,6 dichlorophenyl)acetamide hydrochloride (BS 100-141) as a centrally acting antihypertensive agent are described. Its action resembles that of clonidine in many respects but with important differences which are discussed. In DOCA-NaCl- hypertensive conscious rats, BS 100-141 lowers systemic blood pressure with oral doses of 0.3-5 mg/kg. Evidence for a central site of action is provided by the following findings. Infusion of BS 100-141 into the vertebral artery of anaesthetized dogs reduces blood pressure, the same dose being ineffective by i.v. route. Injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle of anaesthetized cats causes a marked reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, the same dose being ineffective when given i.v. The effects of intraventricular injection are inhibited by phentolamine administered by the same route. Intravenous administration of BS 100-141 induces dose-dependent reductions in the splanchnic (sympathetic) nerve activity in the cat. BS 100-141 reduces noradrenaline turnover in the brain stem of the rat as a result of central alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation. Doses which are effective in the hypertensive rat do not reduce dopamine turnover in the corpus striatum. The peripheral, direct alpha sympathomimetic action of BS 100-141 was demonstrated by the transient increases in blood pressure observed in rats. These increases were unaffected by pretreatment with reserpine, but were antagonized by phentolamine. BS 100-141 was shown to induce contractions of isolated veins and arteries which were competitively inhibited by phentolamine. It stimulates presynaptic cardiac sympathetic alpha-adrenoceptors, thus inhibiting transmitter release to the heart. The sedative effects of BS 100-141 observed in dogs were slight compared to those of clonidine. PMID- 1243026 TI - Antihypertensive action of indapamide. Comparative studies in several experimental models. AB - 1-(4-Chloro-3-sulfamylbenzamido)-2-methyl-indoline (indapamide), after single oral dose administration, showed antihypertensive activity in genetically hypertensive rats, DOCA/saline hypertensive rats, unilaterally-nephrectomised DOCA/saline hypertensive rats and dogs made hypertensive by renal encapsulation. The activity was observed at doses as low as 1-3 mg/kg and lasted at least 48 h. Increasing the dose level considerably prolonged the duration of action but did not substantially enhance the maximum antihypertensive effect. In genetically hypertensive rats indapamide was 30-300 times more potent than furosemide, spironolactone and chlorthalidone. Indapamide had no effect on blood pressure in normotensive rats. In concentrations of 1 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10(-3) g/ml, indapamide antagonised contractions of arterial and venous strips to angiotensin, epinephrine and norepinephrine revealing a direct vascular action. Indapamide has a prolonged saluretic action which in combination with the direct vascular effects may well account for its antihypertensive activity. PMID- 1243027 TI - Synthesis of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid, suprofen, and derivatives. AB - A series of compounds with general structure Het-CO-Ar-CH(CH3)COOH was prepared for pharmacological screening. Different synthetic approaches are described. Alpha-Methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (compound III-1, suprofen) was found to show a marked antiwrithing activity. Furthermore this compound proved to be a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 1243028 TI - Physico-chemical and analytical studies on suprofen. AB - Physico-chemical and analytical studies on alpha-methyl-4-(2 thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (R 25 061, suprofen) are reported. The usual description data, purity tests and quantitative analysis methods are given. Spectral (UV, IR, NMR, MS) and chromatographic (TLC) properties are described. Stability tests for the drug substance are added also. PMID- 1243029 TI - Suprofen, a potent antagonist of acetic acid-induced writhing in rats. AB - A new standardized acetic acid-induced writhing test in rats is described in detail and its methodology is discussed briefly. The described method has proved to be useful for evaluating the anti-writhing activity of narcotic analgesics, non-narcotic anti-inflammatory compounds and narcotic-antagonists with analgesic activity. A direct quantitative comparison of anti-writhing activity was made between orally administered acetyl-salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, indometacin, tolmetin, ketoprofen and alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) in a specially designed experiment. Among the known non-narcotic, non steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds suprofen appeared to be the most potent antagonist of acetic acid-induced writhing in rats, about 200 to 300 times as potent as acetyl-salicylic acid and phenylbutazone, 15 to 30 times as potent as indometacin and tolmetin, and about 6 times as potent as ketoprofen. PMID- 1243030 TI - Suprofen, a potent antagonist of ultraviolet-erythema in guinea-pigs. AB - A standardized ultraviolet erythema test in guinea-pigs is described in detail. The erythema reaction to 120 sec of UV irradiation was assessed after 1, 2 and 4 h. A direct quantitative comparison of the anti-erythema effect was made between phenylbutazone, indometacin, tolmetin, ketoprofen and alpha-methyl-4-(2 thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) in a specially designed experiment. All compounds were given by oral gavage 1 h before irradiation. Among the compounds studied suprofen was the most potent antagonist of ultraviolet-induced erythema in guinea-pigs, i.e. about 45 times tolmetin, 25 times phenylbutazone, 10 times indometacin and 5 times ketoprofen activity. PMID- 1243031 TI - Suprofen, a potent antagonist of sodium urate crystal-induced arthritis in dogs. AB - A standardized sodium urate-induced arthritis test in dogs is described in detail. A microcrystalline suspension of 20 mg/ml in 0.9% NaCl was injected into one of the stifle joints in a volume of 0.5 ml and motor impairment of the dogs was scored every 30 min over a period of 8 h. A direct quantitative comparison was made of the anti-arthritic activity of acetyl-salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, indometacin and alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen). All compounds were given by oral gavage immediately after the sodium urate injection. Among the compounds studied suprofen was the most potent antagonist of sodium urate-induced arthritis in dogs. Comparing the ED50 values suprofen was about 4 times as potent as indometacin, 9 times as potent as phenylbutazone and 60 times as potent as acetyl-salicylic acid. PMID- 1243032 TI - The activity of suprofen on nystatin-induced paw oedema in rats. AB - Subplantar injection of nystatin into the rat paw induces acute paw oedema of long duration. In this test the anti-inflammatory activity of alpha-methyl-4-(2 thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) has been studied using doses from 1.25 up to 160 mg/kg. The lowest dose significantly reducing paw diameter increases was 2.5 mg/kg; more intense and longer lasting reductions appeared progressively with increasing doses. The dose producing 50% inhibition of diameter increase was 2.70 mg/kg 1 h and 1.5 h after administration (lowest ED50). Comparative lowest ED50-values for simultaneously tested reference compounds were 6.2 mg/kg for indometacin, 34 mg/kg for phenylbutazone and 38 mg/kg for acetyl-salicylic acid. Within the first 2 h after administration suprofen exhibited anti-inflammatory activity from 2 to 14 times as potent as did the reference compounds. PMID- 1243033 TI - The antipyretic effect of suprofen in rats with yeast-induced fever. AB - The antipyretic activity of alpha-methyl--4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) was studied in rats with comparable hyperthermia after s.c. injection of brewer's yeast. The lowest dose effectively reducing fever is 5 mg/kg and restoration of normal body temperature is obtained with 40 mg/kg. Hypothermia is not observed even after treatment with 160 mg/kg. The ED50 (with confidence limits), which reduces fever below 39 degrees C in 50% of the animals, at the time of peak hyperthermia is 10.0 (6.6--15.2) mg/kg. ED50's of simultaneously studied reference compounds are 5.7 (3.9--8.3) mg/kg for indometacin, 38 (24--61) mg/kg for tolmetin, 76 (47--121) mg/kg for phenylburazone and 113 (75--170) mg/kg for acetyl-salicylic acid. Two to four times higher doses of these compounds restore normal body temperature but further increase of the dose induces hypothermia, which is particularly pronounced for acetyl-salicylic acid and phenylbutazone. Suprofen is a potent antipyretic agent, devoid of hypothermic activity even at 32 times the lowest effective dose. PMID- 1243034 TI - The effects of suprofen in rats with implanted cotton pellets. AB - Implanted cotton pellets with closely adherent granuloma tissue were removed from rats treated orally during 7 consecutive days with solvent or 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) by gavage. Highly significant decrease (P less than 0.001) of the total cotton pellet dry weight was observed in the groups given 5.0 mg/kg of suprofen or more. The pronounced activity on total cotton pellet weight was obtained without any effect on body weight gain, on food consumption or on the weight of thymus and adrenal glands in the same animals. We conclude that a maximal effect against the proliferative phase of inflammation is obtained with 10 mg/dg of suprofen, in the absence of any steroid-like or toxic side-effect. PMID- 1243035 TI - The effects of suprofen in rats with Mycobacterium butyricum-induced arthritis. AB - The activity of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) was studied in rats with established Mycobacterium butyricum-induced arthritis. The arthritic response was evaluated by measuring the diameter changes of the hind paws and tibiotarsal joints, using a new apparatus. Treatment once daily by gavage during 14 days revealed activity at the dose of 1.25 mg/kg and above. The lowest ED50 was 6.2 mg/kg. In comparison with simultaneously studied reference compounds, this corresponded approximately to the activity of phenylbutazone. In the higher dose range, 10 to 40 mg/kg, the reduction of external arthritic symptoms was associated with marked reversal of multiple bone deformations. A treatment schedule with 4 administrations of 2.5 mg/kg/day was significantly more effective than a single daily administration of 10 mg/kg and comparable to that of 10 mg/kg once daily. Mixing of suprofen with the diet, to give the low daily dose of 1.28 mg/kg confirmed the high activity expected from the maintenance of a practically constant compound level in the treated rats. In a comparative study involving suprofen, acetyl-salicylic acid, indometacin, phenylbutazone and tolmetin, all administered over 14 days with the diet in a dose range up to toxic dose levels, dose-related anti-inflammatory and toxic effects were obtained. The potency order and ED50's of the compounds were: indometacin (0.31 mg/kg) greater than suprofen (1.48) greater than tolmetin (18.0) = phenylbutazone (18.2) greater than acetyl-salicylic acid (440). Suprofen had by far the largest safety margin (48), followed by phenylbutazone (20), tolmetin (16), indometacin (8) and acetyl salicylic acid (2). In conclusion, three major symptoms of adjuvant arthritis: joint inflammation, impaired growth and bone erosion, were markedly reduced by different doses of suprofen, which revealed to be a safe compound when compared to several reference compounds. PMID- 1243036 TI - Gastrointestinal effects and acute toxicity of suprofen. AB - The acute effects of orally administered, high doses of alpha-methyl-4-(2 thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) were studied in various tests, related to gastrointestinal functions. A decrease of the diarrheal stools in the castor oil test in rats was the first effect noted; the ED50 in this test was 40 mg/kg. This dose is 540 times higher than the ED50 of suprofen in the acetic acid induced writhing test in rats (ED50 = 0.074 mg/kg). Temporarily decreased food consumption in rats was first noted after administration of 80 mg/kg. This is more than 1000 times the ED50 in the rat anti-writhing test. The appearance of gastrointestinal lesions was also studied in rats and a direct quantitative comparison was made with indometacin, acetyl-salicylic acid and ketoprofen. The dose of suprofen that produced lesions in 50% of the rats was 200 mg/kg, viz. 2700 times the ED50 in the rat anti-writhing test. Similarly obtained safety margins are 9.0 for indometacin, 78 for acetyl-salicylic acid and 102 for ketoprofen. The mortality after a single oral administration of suprofen was studied in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and dogs. LD50-values, based on mortality 7 days after administration, were 590 mg/kg, 353 mg/kg, 280 mg/kg and more than 160 mg/kg, respectively. Comparative LD50's in mice and rats were 14 and 19 mg/kg for indometacin, 280 and 70 mg/kg for ketoprofen. Therefore the safety margin in rats, with respect to the ED50 in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, is 4770 for suprofen, 156 for ketoprofen and 17.3 for indometacin. In guinea-pigs the safety margin of suprofen is 1470 with respect to the ED50 in UV-erythema and in dogs more than 250 with respect to the ED50 in urate-induced arthritis. From these data we may conclude that suprofen is comparatively safer than the reference compounds studied and that its effects on the gastrointestinal tract appear at doses far above those required for effectiveness in tests related to pain, fever and inflammation. PMID- 1243037 TI - Pharmacological properties of 2-(2-chloro-p-toluidino)-2-imidazoline-nitrate (Tolonidine), a new antihypertensive agent. I. Action on blood pressure and heart rate. AB - Tolonidine, 2-(2-chloro-p-toluidino)-2-imidazoline-nitrate, a substance structurally related to clonidine, was studied for its effects on blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized or conscious, normotensive or hypertensive animals (mainly dogs). In all cases, blood pressure was lowered by tolonidine. Initial short-lasting hypertension was observed after each i.v. administration. Heart rate was markedly lowered irrespective of the experimental process. Comparison with clonidine, guanethidine and mecamylamine in hypertensive anesthetized or unanesthetized animals made it possible to place tolonidine with respect to these reference antihypertensive drugs. A close relationship essentially appears between the effects of both derivatives of imidazoline: tolonidine and clonidine, tolonidine being, however, active at higher doses. The analysis of these results will appear at the end of a series of three articles. PMID- 1243038 TI - A combined study on the distribution of oxytetracycline and polyvinylpyrrolidone in rats. AB - With the purpose of studying the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the disposition of oxytetracycline (OTC), OTC was administered i.v. to male rats in two formulations, one of which contained 14C-labelled PVP. From the rats, whole body sections (30 mum) were taken which were subjected to three analytical procedures: autoradiography to determine the distribution of the PVP-14C, fluorography and bioautography to obtain information on the OTC-distribution. The experimental results suggest equilibrium complex formation between OTC and PVP, it being mainly the complex which is i.v. injected when both products are combined in an injection formulation. Such complex formation can explain the lower toxicity of OTC when injected in combination with PVP as well as the slower build-up of OTC-levels in some organs, compared with that after OTC administration without PVP. Beyond this kinetic effect of PVP on the fate of OTC no evidence was obtained for an influence of PVP on the OTC distribution pattern per se, or on its ultimate antibiotic activity in the different organs. Some details of the OTC and especially of the PVP distribution are discussed. PMID- 1243039 TI - [Studies on the pharmacokinetics of hexobendine in rats / 2nd communication: Elimination following i.v. administration (author's transl)]. AB - The elimination of 14C and of 3H was studied in rats after i.v. administration of 0.22--0.33 mg/kg of 14C- or 0.67 mg/kg of 3H-labelled N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis-[3 (3',4',5'-trimethoxy-benzoxy)-propyl]-ethylenediamine-dihydrochloride (hexobendine, Ustimon, Reoxyl), respectively. Regarding the obtained results shortcomings in methods are discussed which may falsify the elimination pattern of radioactively labelled substances. Under certain experimental conditions (closed metabolism chamber with absorption of CO2 or H2O, respectively) 99-100% of the administered radioactivity were detected in the excretion products. The appearance of 14CO2 in the expired air was prevented when the bile duct was cannulated and the bile was drained to the outside before reaching the gut with its probably decarboxylating bacteria. PMID- 1243040 TI - Are there therapeutic indications of intravenous injection of calcium gluconate? AB - 1. The action of i.v. injection of calcium gluconate on a) the release of catecholamines from the adrenals of cats and dogs, b) the adrenergic responses of circulation, nictitating membrane and spleen in cats, and c) the cardiac and circulatory response in dogs has been investigated. 2. Ca2+-effects mediated by release of catecholamines dominate in the cat, as do direct cardiac stimulating actions in the dog. 3. Ca2+-effects of therapeutic significance, if existent at all, could be assumed only with regard to an anti-anaphylactic effect of the catecholamines released by i.v. injected Ca2+. PMID- 1243042 TI - Sexual differences in the metabolism of salicylates. AB - During 6 h the plasma level of salicylates was followed after oral administration of aspirin. The plasma levels of salicylic acid were significantly lower in bull than in heifer calves during the whole observation period. The toxicity of the drug was higher in female animals. PMID- 1243041 TI - [On the mechanism of action of aminorexfumarate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243043 TI - [The effect of silybin-dihemisuccinate on regulation disorders in phospholipid metabolism in acute galactosamine intoxication in the rat]. AB - 1. 24 h after application of 900 mg D-galactosamine/kg body weight, an increase of total lipids, triglycerides, phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidic acid concentrations, and also a decrease of total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine can be determined in the whole rat liver. After administration of [1-14C]-palmitate, specific radioactivity of phosphatidyl choline is diminished without alteration of specific radioactivity of other lipid fractions. Prophylactic application of silybin-dihemisuccinate abolished completely decrease of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and diminished increase of total lipids and triglyceride concentrations. 2. Specific radioactivity of total lipids in serum of galactosamine-intoxicated rats is enhanced, specific radioactivity of triglycerides and phospholipids is diminished, simultaneously, total lipids concentration is reduced. 3. In the microsomal fraction of galactosamine-injured livers, a decrease of specific radioactivity of total phospholipids and phosphatidyl-choline can be observed. Prophylactic administration of silybin abolishes diminution of specific radioactivity of phosphatidyl-choline partially. 4. Diminution of specific radioactivity of total lipids, total phospholipids and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, induced by galactosamine intoxication in the mitochondrial fraction, is normalized by application of silybin. 5. Diminished triglyceride infiltration in siybin-treated rats may be based onnormalization of inhibited phosphatidyl-choline turnover. PMID- 1243044 TI - Inhibition, by drugs, of galactosamine induced hepatitis in the rat. AB - Four compounds, prednisolone, sodium phenobarbitone, azathioprine and orotic acid, were tested for their ability to inhibit galactosamine induced hepatitis in the rat. Prednisolone offered total protection at doses of 100 mg/kg and above; sodium phenobarbitone and orotic acid modified the response to galactosamine and azathioprine was without effect. PMID- 1243045 TI - An investigation of the hepatotoxicity of D-galactosamine in different species of animal. AB - An examination of the hepatotoxicity of d-galactosamine has been made in the golden hamster and the mouse and the results compared to those previously investigated in the rat. The order of species found susceptible to the hepatotoxic effects of d-galactosamine was golden hamster greater than rat greater than mouse. PMID- 1243046 TI - [Azo dyes and vitamin A reserves in the liver]. AB - Amaranth and Sunset Yellow FCF, added to the basic diet at 1200, 3000, 10 000 and 20 000 mg/kg, influence, after 10 days' administration to rats, neither the percentage of vitamin A stored in the liver in relation to the quantity of vitamin taken, nor the hepatic reserve expressed in IU/g of liver. PMID- 1243047 TI - [Teratogenic action of ethyl-nitrosourea in Gottingen miniature pigs (author's transl)]. AB - By i.p. application of 70 or 100 mg/kg ethyl-nitrosourea, resp., to gravide Gottingen miniature pigs on days 14 or 16, resp., of gestation massive malformations of the skeletal system were produced. The experiments demonstrated the teratogenic effect of ethylnitrosourea on non-rodents, ascertained the period of determination of the skeletal system in pigs, confirmed the concentration effect in teratogenesis as well as the ineffectiveness of biological barriers with adequately high dosages. PMID- 1243048 TI - Potentiated chemotherapeutic activity of 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-acridinium by combination with glycine or DL-alpha-alanine on the Ehrlich carcinoma. AB - Glycine or DL-alpha-alanine potentiated the chemotherapeutic action of 3,6 diaminoacridinium without increasing its toxicity when these amino acids were combined with it simultaneously. On the contrary, valine in combination with 3,6 diaminoacridinium diminished slightly the chemotherapeutic effect as compared to the monotherapy with 3,6-diaminoacridinium. The monotherapy with the applied amino acids in the same dosage showed no tumor inhibition. PMID- 1243049 TI - [Chromaffine tumours: diagnosis and catamnestic features based on the data collected at the Institute of Experimental Therapy between 1949 and 1974 (author's transl)]. AB - From 1949 to 1974, urine samples of 1669 patients with unclarified arterial hypertension were tested for non-conjugated catecholamines. Chromaffine tumours- among them one pheochromoblastoma and two families with inherited forms--were found in 1.1% of all cases. With the procedure applied, adrenergic alpha- and/or beta-mimetic actions on the circulation of cats can be identified when the excretion of total catecholamines is increased by the factor 1.5 to 2.0. Hence, chromaffine tumours with smaller excretion rates (about 200 mug/24 h) are also detectable, so in one case where the excretion of vanillyl-mandelic acid was normal. Thus all prerequisites concerning sensitivity and specificity of a screening method are fulfilled. The large variety of symptoms of chromaffine tumours becomes obvious from the catamnestic data of 19 patients indicating problems which may arise in differential diagnosis. PMID- 1243050 TI - [Influence of some cytostatic drugs on semiconservative DNA-synthesis and DNA repair in normal and cancer cells (author's transl)]. AB - The action of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, vinblastine and procarbacine on the enzymes of the excision repair and on the semiconservative DNA-synthesis was investigated. To get a view of the total repair enzyme complexes the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA after UV- and Gamma-irradiation was measured, and sedimentation profiles in alkaline sucrose were carried out. The drugs were also tested after being metabolized. The 4 drugs had no influence in an in vitro system on DNA-repair using spleen cells. Vinblastine and procarbacine showed an inhibitory effect on semiconservative DNA-synthesis. Using Yoshida ascites cells for the investigations we found an inhibition of the exonuclease polymerase system by cyclophosphamide and procarbacine and a supression of ligase reaction by vinblastine and vincristine. Different degrees of inhibition of DNA synthesis in Yoshida ascites cells could be seen after use of the 4 cytostatic drugs. PMID- 1243052 TI - [Marginals to mycotoxin research (author's transl)]. AB - Several food additives, i.e. enzyme preparations, colouring agents permitted for use in foods and xylitol, have been tested for a possible content of aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin and patulin. The author further reports on a potential mycotoxin carrier which is sold as dietary speciality, and discusses two strange promotional practices for cheese. PMID- 1243051 TI - Investigations on rapeseed oil toxicology. AB - A series of investigations on humans and mice, performed in this laboratory in the years 1973-74 is presented. To assess the exposure levels of the Italian population to rapeseed oil ingestion, the serum of 70 apparently healthy railway workers, as well as the adipose tissue and myocardium of 16 subjects deceased for different causes were analyzed, with a gas chromatographic method, to ascertain if erucic acid or its metabolites were present. 40 out of 70 subjects had measurable erucic acid in the serum ranging from 0.3 to 3.8% of the total fatty acids (mean 1.1 +/- 0.14) in the presence or absence of behenic acid, probable metabolite of erucic acid in humans. Furthermore 26 subjects had measurable behenic acid alone. Each of the 16 subjects had measurable erucic acid in adipose tissue ranging from 0.3 to 6.8% of the total fatty acids (mean 2.6 +/- 0.5) always in the presence of gadoleic acid (present in rapeseed oil, product of beta oxidation of erucic acid and only partially deriving from other sources) ranging from 1.1 to 4.9% (mean 2.2 +/- 0.3). 13 subjects out of 14 analyzed had measurable erucic acid in the myocardium ranging from 0.2 to 2.2% (mean 0.7 +/- 0.18) while 9 subjects had measurable gadoleic acid. Erucic acid was absent in the human tissues in Italy in the years 1967-68. Regarding the studies on mice, the deposition of erucic and gadoleic acids in some organs of young mice supplied with 50% of daily calories for three days in rapeseed oil was investigated. The deposition of the two fatty acids amounts to about 10% of the total fatty acids in the heart and liver and considerably less in skeletal muscle and kidney. In the mouse liver there is also a decrease in hexobarbital metabolism following rapeseed oil ingestion. PMID- 1243053 TI - [Alcohol absorption and elimination in different alimentary conditions (author's transl)]. AB - The continuous enzymatic in vivo estimation of blood alcohol was used for plotting curves of blood alcohol concentrations in 24 double-experiments from 4 to 6 h duration. Absorption and elimination of alcohol were observed under the influence of the food eaten before. Two hours after a light meal test persons drank whisky and blood alcohol curves were recorded determining increase, maximum and elimination. The curves varied especially in the phases of absorption. In a second test compared with the curves after a light meal the retardation of absorption was examined after drinking the juice of "Sangritta picante" spice in addition. Delayed alcohol absorption could be verified. After taking a fat meal the retardation of absorption was found even greater. Recorded after fasting for more than 12 h the curves showed a slower increase in blood alcohol concentration and a higher maximum in comparison with the curves after a light meal. PMID- 1243054 TI - [On the therapy of secondary glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Description of the most frequent secondary glaucomas. The most important points of their medicamental and operative therapy are compiled. The importance of gonioscopical findings is emphasized in particular. PMID- 1243055 TI - New broad-spectrum alkylthio cephalosporins. Preliminary note. PMID- 1243056 TI - Proceedings: Electrical activity and calcium activation in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 1243057 TI - Proceedings: Active ion transport in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 1243058 TI - Proceedings: Effect of ions, electrical stimulation and catecholamines on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 1243059 TI - Proceedings: Capillary bed architecture and perfusion pattern. PMID- 1243060 TI - Proceedings: Intrasplenic microcirculation and pressure-independent blood flow through the closed circulation in the spleen of rabbits and rats. PMID- 1243061 TI - Proceedings: Possible mechanisms of redistribution of microcirculation. PMID- 1243062 TI - Proceedings: Regional vascular resistance in experimental renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1243064 TI - Proceedings: Hydrogen clearance measurements on the liver surface in situ with the multiwire electrode. PMID- 1243063 TI - Proceedings: Microcirculatory changes during normovolemic hemodilution. PMID- 1243065 TI - Proceedings: Studies pertaining to the regulation of the myocardial O2 supply. PMID- 1243066 TI - Proceedings: Relationship between local flow and tissue PO2 in the carotid body of the cat. PMID- 1243067 TI - Proceedings: Vascular structure and blood flow of the carotid body of the cat. PMID- 1243068 TI - Proceedings: Reaction of local tissue PO2 and microcirculation of the brain cortex (cat) during arterial hypoxia and hyperoxia. PMID- 1243069 TI - Proceedings: Local tissue PO2 in the white matter of the cat brain and its regulation. PMID- 1243070 TI - Proceedings: Coronary autoregulation during post-ischemic reperfusion. PMID- 1243071 TI - Proceedings: The influence of anesthesia on cortical microflow and EEG in arterial hypotension. PMID- 1243072 TI - Proceedings: Effects of adenosine and theophylline upon cerebral resistance to flow. PMID- 1243073 TI - [Optimating the availability of homologous quaternary ammonium compounds/3rd communication: The influence of salts on in vitro distribution of benzilic acid esters of homologous dimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkyl-ammoniumbromides (author's transl)]. AB - The addition of NaBr, Na-butansulfonate or Na-trichloracetat increases the partition coefficients of homologous quaternary cholinesters of benzilic acid between n-octanol and water. In a three-phase model (water/n-octanol/water) thus the rates of equilibration increase considerably for hydrophilic compounds. PMID- 1243074 TI - Hypolipemic activity of clofibrate-related compounds. AB - Ethyl-2(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionate (clofibrate) related compounds were synthesized from substituted aryloxy acetic acids (III) either by esterification with selected alcohols (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol and oxyalkyltheophyllines), by introduction into heterocyclic ring system (triazine type) or by amidation (aminotriazines and p-aminobenzoates). Lipid lowering effect was tested in normolipemic and hyperlipemic rats against clofibrate as reference. Some of these derivatives show high activity at low dosage, even under hyperlipemic conditions, whereas clofibrate is only slightly effective. From pharmacological results it can be suggested that the nature of acid group substituent is the main factor for efficacy, while the role of alpha-substituent is important for differentiation of activity against cholesterol and/or triglyceride. PMID- 1243075 TI - Microbiologic and pharmacologic properties of a new ampicillin derivative: Ampicillin-guaiacolsulfonate. AB - Ampicillin-guaiacolsulfonate, a new derivative of ampicillin, preserves the antibacterial properties of ampicillin, is suitable for infection owing to its good water solubility and it has far higher stability in dry state than has sodium ampicillin. Ampicillin-guaiacolsulfonate is better orally absorbed in rabbit than is ampicillin. In vitro experiments carried out with the model system by Rosano and Schulman, and measurements of the intestinal absorption in the everted sac jejunal preparation, carried out with 14C-labelled compounds, demonstrate that the new ampicillin derivative is better absorbed by the intestine because of an increase in the intestinal permeability of the molecule itself. PMID- 1243076 TI - Relation between structure and cholinergic activity. II. Synthesis and muscarinic activity of some sulfur analogs of 2-methyl-4-trimethylammoniomethyl-1,3 dioxolane-iodide. AB - The synthesis of 2-methyl-5-trimethylammoniomethyl-1,3-oxathiolane and some homologs are described. The stereochemical aspects are discussed on the basis of the NMR-spectra. The muscarinic activity of the oxathiolane is compared with the activities of the corresponding dioxolane and dithiolane. PMID- 1243077 TI - [Rodenticidal action of warfarin/4th communication: Binding to serum albumin of mice and rats (author's transl)]. AB - The binding properties of 3-(1'-phenyl-2'-acetylethyl)-4-hydroxycoumarine (warfarin-Na) to serum albumin of mice and rats were determined by using the equilibrium dialysis. The binding percentage (beta), the binding capacity (K), and the association constant (K1) were calculated. The results are characteristic for a strong binding of warfarin to serum albumin of rats but only a small one to serum albumin of mice, caused probably by the different albumin structures of these species. PMID- 1243078 TI - Protein binding of flavoxate and of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid. AB - The protein binding properties of piperidino-3-methylflavone-8-carboxylate (flavoxate, F) and of its main metabolite, i.e. 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid (M), were investigated by dialysis-equilibrium technique. During the dialysis, F hydrolyzes to a notable extent into M. Therefore a true equilibrium of F could not be obtained. With this limitation, the results show that F has a small protein affinity. The protein binding properties of M were separately investigated with bovine albumin, human albumin and with human, rat, rabbit and dog plasma. The Freundlich's isotherms, which describe the affinities of albumin to M, were calculated. They show that unconjugated M, possibly present in plasma, is by 99.5% in a protein-bound form. PMID- 1243079 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of some 1-aryl-4(1H)-pyrido(2,3 d)pyrimidones. AB - Some 1-aryl-4(1H)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidones were synthesized from the corresponding 2-anilinonicotinamides by cyclization with triethyl-orthoformate. This series of compounds is a new one with interesting antiinflammatory and hypno sedative properties. PMID- 1243080 TI - Inhibition of cholinesterase by 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - On the basis of structural relationships between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonine) and eserine, the effect of 5-HT on partially purified brain cholinesterase (ChE) was studied. The addition of 5-HT to brain ChE in vitro resulted in its inhibition, and the constants characterizing this inhibition, namely, the inhibition rate ki (5.44 X 10(2) mol-1/l - min-1), the equilibrium constant K (1.86 X 10(-3), and the rate constant for spontaneous reactivation kr (1.01 min-1) were determined. The inhibition of AChE by 5-HT in vitro was found to be of the competitive type. PMID- 1243081 TI - [MASCA-model of the biochemical-pharmacological drug research / part 5: Structure activity relationships and MACOVA (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243082 TI - Fenfluramine and 5-hydroxytryptamine?. Part 1: Is fenfluramine or norfenfluramine involved in the decrease of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - Both fenfluramine and de-ethylated fenfluramine decrease the brain stores of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). As the fenfluramine metabolite is present in the brain of the rat after fenfluramine injection, it could be suggested that the depletion of brain 5-HT elicited by fenfluramine is mediated by its metabolite. Comparative studies on 5-HT lowering effects and drug brain levels, indicate a primary effect of fenfluramine, following by the rising involvement of the de-ethylated compound in the sustained effect. PMID- 1243083 TI - Effect of nialamide and reserpine on brain free amino acids of rat dependent on and withdrawn from morphine. AB - The brain free amino acid levels were estimated in rats dependent on and withdrawn from morphine. The effects of nialamide and reserpine on the levels of brain free amino acids were investigated during the development of physical dependence on morphine and after the abrupt withdrawal of morphine. The relationships between brain free amino acid levels, and physical dependence and withdrawal syndrome, the relationships between the degree of the manifestations in abstinence under the effects of nialamide and reserpine, and the changes in brain amino acid levels are discussed. PMID- 1243084 TI - [Animal experiments on the effect of triamterene and amiloride on heart and circulation and the toxicity of digoxin (author's transl)]. AB - 1. In anesthetized cats 2,4,7-triamino-6-phenyl-pteridine (triamterene) (5 mg/kg i.v.) causes a short-lasting increase in blood pressure, a decrease in heart rate, whereas the contractility (see article) remains unchanged. N-Amidino-3,5 diamino-6-chloropyrazinecarboxamide (amiloride) (5 mg/kg i.v.) causes a fall of blood pressure, an increase in heart rate, and an increase in contractility. 2. In cats the i.v. toxicity of digoxin is diminished by pretreatment with triamterene or amiloride; the arrhythmias and the cardiac arrest are significantly delayed in the course of an infusion of digoxin. In guinea-pigs a pretreatment with triamterene only delays the arrhythmias but not the lethal effect of digoxin or g-strophanthin. 3. In the isolated atria of the guinea-pig triamterene and amiloride (5 mug or 50 mug/ml) lowers the rate of contraction and prolongs the functional refractory period. The force of contraction is increased by triamterene and diminished by amiloride. PMID- 1243085 TI - [The effect of atenolol on contractility and hemodynamics of the infarcted heart in comparison to propranolol and practolol (author's transl)]. AB - In animals without myocardial infarction the new beta-sympathicolytic agent atenolol (4-[2'-hydroxy-3'-iso-propylaminopropoxy]-phenyl acetamide, ICI 66 082) dose-dependently decreased heart rate, systolic aortic pressure and cardiac output. Coronary mean flow, coronary resistance, stroke volume, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance did not change significantly. Atenolol significantly reduced myocardial contractility, expressed by (dp/dtmax), Vpm, t-(dp/dtmax) and pre-ejection period. Furthermore, the comparative studies in animals with myocardial infarction and concomitant reduced cardial efficiency revealed, that atenolol has neither a positive intrinsic activity as has practolol nor a negative intrinsic activity as has propranolol. The dose-contractility relation of atenolol resembles that of practolol: in low dosages a strong decrease is achieved, in higher dosages no further reduction of the contractility parameters is observed. Because of the strong negative inotropic and blood pressure lowering effect it is suggested to use atenolol only with great caution in patients with reduced cardiac efficiency. PMID- 1243086 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of glycerol-1-(2-diethyl-amino-ethylether)-3-(2 methoxyphenylether) in the anaesthetized cat (author's transl)]. AB - The cardiovascular effects of a new antiarrhythmic drug derived from the local anaesthetics glycerol-1-(2-diethylaminoethylether)-3-(2-methoxyphenylether) (Brufacain), was examined on 10 anaesthetized cats and compared in parallel experiments to alpha-diethylamino-acetate-2,6-xylidide (lidocaine). The following parameters were determined: 1. ventricular fibrillation threshold, 2. ECG, 3. systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 4. cardiac output. Both agents increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold: Brufacain and lidocaine led to a significant deviation up to 50 min after the end of the infection. In the ECG the P-P distance after 10 and 20 min for Brufacain and after 20 min for lidocaine was significantly prolonged. The ECG showed for lidocaine a shortening of the QRS complex after the 40th min and for Brufacain initially a Q-T prolongation, both with statistical significance. A significant increase in blood pressure was noted 30 and 40 min after the injection of Brufacain. Lidocaine caused a significant decrease in blood pressure beginning 10 min after the injection. The cardiac output was significantly decreased 10, 30, 50 and 60 min after administration of Brufacain and 10 and 40 min after administration of lidocaine. PMID- 1243087 TI - [Effect of pentoxyfylline on the organ distribution of 47Ca and on intestinal Ca absorption and secretion in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine (pentoxyfylline, Trental) on organ distribution of 47Ca and on intestinal Ca absorption and secretion was studied in rats. Oral application of 4 mg/kg bodyweight pentoxifylline was followed after 30 min by a significantly higher accumulation of orally applied 47Ca in the intestinal wall as compared to untreated controls, while in other organs the 47Ca activity was lower than in control animals. When 47Ca was given i.p. and pentoxifylline at the same dose was applied orally 24 h later, there was no difference in organ distribution of 47Ca between treated rats and untreated controls after 30 min. There was likewise no difference in serum Ca concentration. On the other hand, i.v. infusion of 20.8 mg/kg bodyweight pentoxifylline was followed by a significant fall of serum Ca. At the same time, there was a significant reduction of intestinal Ca net absorption, as demonstrated by the intestinal perfusion technique, while Ca net secretion was not influenced. The possible mechanisms causing the pentoxifylline induced reduction of serum Ca concentration are discussed. PMID- 1243088 TI - Bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane: The common laxative principle of Bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate. AB - After both oral and rectal administration in humans (4,4'-diacetoxy-diphenyl) (pyridyl-2)-methane (bisacodyl, Dulcolax) and 4,4'-(2-pyridyl-methylene)-diphenol disulfuric acid semiester disodium (sodium picosulfate, Laxoberal) are hydrolyzed to bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane (BHPM). In both cases BHPM is responsible for the laxative action. Experiments in rats and guinea pigs have shown that the hydrolysis of picosulfate, in contrast to that of bisacodyl, is attributable to the microorganisms of the intestinal flora. PMID- 1243089 TI - The effect of brocresine (NSD-1055) on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion in chickens. AB - The effect of the histidine decarboxylase inhibitor 4-bromo-3 hydroxybenzyloxyamine-dihydrogenphosphate (brocresine, NSD-1055) on basal and histamine-, pentagastrin- and carbachol-stimulated gastric acid secretion was investigated in unanaesthetized gastric fistula chickens. Basal secretion was initially reduced by brocresine for 45 min and then slightly stimulated for 90 min. The histamine stimulated gastric secretion was competitively inhibited by brocresine. The acid response to low doses of pentagastrin and carbachol was enhanced, that to high doses unchanged. The results can be explained in the light of the assumption that a metabolic product of brocresine, 3-hydroxy-4-bromo benzyl-alcohol stimulates gastric acid secretion. PMID- 1243090 TI - Pharmacological properties of 2-(2-chloro-p-toluidino)-2-imidazoline-nitrate (tolonidine), a new antihypertensive agent. II. Action on cardiac contraction, circulatory parameters, autonomic receptors and diuresis. AB - Tolonidine, 2(2-chloro-p-toluidino)-2-imidazoline-nitrate, is a substance chemically related to clonidine. In the anesthetized dog, tolonidine administered i.v. decreased the amplitude of ventricular contractions, reduced aortic blood flow and increased peripheral vascular resistances. In the bivagotomized pithed rat, tolonidine induced a long-lasting increase in blood pressure with no secondary hypotension, thus suggesting peripheral sympathomimetic properties, however, contractions of seminal vesicles in vitro were not obtained. The product proved to have no peripheral sympatholytic or parasympatholytic properties. In the dog and the rat, diuresis was hardly changed. These properties are closely related to those of clonidine, which was studied comparatively. A general discussion is proposed at the end of a third article. PMID- 1243091 TI - [Placental transfer of psychotherapeutics of the thioxanthene type (author's transl)]. AB - The hitherto existing investigations on the placental transfer of psycholeptic drugs mostly do not answer the question whether the active compounds themselves or their metabolites or both get into the fetus. As published informations on this problem partly are contradictory the placental transfer of psycholeptic drugs was investigated with the thioxanthenes flupentixol and chlorprothixen for examples. After oral application to rats on the 15th and 20th days of gestation the intact thioxenthenes themselves as well as their sulfoxides and desalkylated metabolites were detectable in placenta, uterus and fetus. The last mentioned substances and the intact thioxanthenes were determined quantitatively. The concentration (mug/g tissue) in the fetus is lower than in uterus and placenta. The results are discussed. PMID- 1243092 TI - Concentrations of ampicillin in human urogenital tissue, serum and urine after intake of pivampicillin. AB - The ampicillin concentrations in serum, urine, kidney, urinary bladder, prostate gland, testis, muscle and skin from 64 urological patients with normal renal function were determined with the agar diffusion method after oral doses of 700 mg of the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin (pivampicillin, Pondocillin). The tissue samples were obtained at urological operations, prostatectomy, nephrectomy and orchiectomy. The serum concentration was highest between 2 and 4 h and the urine concentration between 4 and 6 h after intake. The serum concentration was considerably lower than reported in literature, which was shown to 0e due either to the effect of preoperative medication or anesthesia, or to both. PMID- 1243093 TI - [Advantages of the initial therapy of acute schizophrenia with large doses of droperidol/A comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of acute schizophrenic disorders with large doses of droperidol was compared to clozapine and clopenthixol in a special study. Apart from the clinical protocol, psychometric test for the assessment of social behaviour and thought disorders were used. The advantages of the treatment with droperidol, especially in highly disturbed acute schizophrenic patients, are shown and discussed by means of the results of psychological tests and clinical experience. PMID- 1243094 TI - [Extracellular proteases of fungi]. PMID- 1243095 TI - [Response to plant agglutinins in vitro of the lymphocytes of subjects with Basedow's disease]. PMID- 1243097 TI - [Non-identical subunits of 7S globulin (gossipulin-1) from cotton seeds]. AB - 7S globulin is isolated from cotton seeds and is designated as "Gossipulin-1". Three different amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid and leucine) are found to follow the N-terminal amino acid which is indicative of a non-identity of its subunits. Gossipulin-1 dissociated in 0.1 M HCl, depending on the time of incubation, into 3.87, 2.39 and 1.35 subunits. It had a sedimentation constant of 0.37S in alkaline medium and of 1.24S on 8 M urea. A sedimentation peak of 1.1S was discovered in reduced and alkylated Gossipulin-1. PMID- 1243096 TI - An appraisal of lumbar epidural blockade in labour in patients with multiple pregnancy. AB - A series of 102 patients with a multiple pregnancy (including three sets of triplets) delivered vaginally is presented. An epidural block was provided for 55 of these patients, and comparisons were made between these patients and those who did not have an epidural block. There was a higher incidence of low Apgar-minus colour (A-C) scores at one minute among the second twins of at least 36 weeks gestation in the epidural series, but no other remarkable contrasts in the (A-C) scores of the respective group of infants. In the non-epidural series two second twins of at least 36 weeks gestational age apparently suffered severe cerebral trauma. Of the 91 liveborn infants in the non-epidural series, five died (two with intracranial haemorrhage, three with hyaline membrane disease); of the 112 liveborn infants in the epidural series, two died (both with hyaline membrane disease). The incidence of instrumental delivery of infants presenting by the vertex, and of breech extraction, was markedly higher in the epidural series. The mean interval between full dilatation of the cervix and delivery of the first twin was greater in the epidural series, but the mean interval between delivery of the first and second infant was smaller in the epidural series. It is concluded that the provision of an epidural block for labour and delivery to patients with a multiple pregnancy is beneficial to the infants. PMID- 1243099 TI - Human gait analysis: determination of instantaneous joint reactive forces, muscle forces and the stress distribution in bone segments. Part I. PMID- 1243098 TI - Fertilization-associated changes in the murine zona pellucida: a time sequence study. PMID- 1243100 TI - A method for amplitude/frequency analysis of high fidelity electromagnetic tape recording of the electrocardiogram. PMID- 1243101 TI - [A cardiac pacemaker with activity- dependent frequency regulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243102 TI - [Possibilities for the use of adsorbers for bloodcleaning in case of uremia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243103 TI - [Studies on the suitability of a 2.45GHz microwave heater for endoscopic coagulation therapy]. PMID- 1243105 TI - Vincristine-induced myocardial infarction. AB - A patient with lymphosarcoma treated with weekly injections of vincristine developed an acute myocardial infarction immediately after the second injection of vincristine. After he recovered from the infarction, the treatment was continued and he developed an additional myocardial infarction. In vivo and in vitro studies have not revealed any effect of vincristine on the clotting mechanism. The possible causes for the association of vincristine-treated lymphoma and myocardial infarction are discussed. PMID- 1243104 TI - Studies of cellular proliferation in human leukemia. VIII. The generation time and growth fraction in lymphosarcoma in a leukemic phase during advanced and early relapsing disease. AB - The kinetics of cell proliferation were studied in a patient with lymphosarcoma in a leukemic phase both before treatment when the disease was very advanced and again at the earliest sign of bone marrow relapse following a drug-induced remission. During advanced disease, the pulse 3H-TdR labeling index (LI) was 11%, the mitotic index (MI) was 0.4% the growth fraction (GF) was 0.6, and the generation time (TG), as measured by the median grain count halving time, was estimated to be 160 hours. The patient went into remission for 25 days after a short course of therapy with prednisolone and arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C). During early relapsing disease, the LI was 17%; MI, 1.1%; GF, 1.0; and TG, 85 hours. The results of this study suggest that the rate of cell proliferation slows in leukemia as the tumor mass increases in volume, and that the slower growth is due to an increase in cell generation time, a decrease in the growth fraction, and an increased rate of spontaneous cell loss. PMID- 1243106 TI - Non-hodgkin's lymphoma in children. Correlation of CNS disease with initial presentation. AB - The clinical and histopathological findings in 26 children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without initial marrow involvement are reviewed. A marked male predominance similar to that observed in previous series was noted. Biopsy material was classified according to the recommendations of Rappaport in 22 cases. All have diffuse lymphomas, and 16 of 22 patients had involvement of the mediastinum as part of their initial presentation. Of these 12, 5 developed lymphomatous involvement of the central nervous system prior to the development of leukemic transformation of the bone marrow. This observation suggests that prophylactic therapy against CNS relapse be considered for children with mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, even in the absence of initial marrow involvement. PMID- 1243108 TI - [Artificial nutrition of young infants]. PMID- 1243107 TI - Phase II study of cytembena (NSC-104801) in advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 1243109 TI - [Orbital phlebography. Present situation]. PMID- 1243110 TI - Studies of trachoma in families on Taiwan. AB - This study was undertaken to clarify the natural history and pathogenesis of trachoma. A group of families who live in a formerly trachoma hyperendemic area of Southern Taiwan were placed under continuous surveillance. The development in recent years of the micro immunofluorescence test for trachoma antibody, along with improved cell culture isolation methods, have allowed this surveillance to include repeated effective laboratory studies in addition to clinical observations. After four years' study of one group of families and three years of another, a number of interesting findings have been obtained. Evidence is presented supporting our hypothesis that trachoma is a disease of immumopathology and results from repeated reinfections with the trachoma organisms. The clinical findings of papillae, especially those of an acute nature, has been the clinical finding most closely associated with the isolation of the organism and the demonstration of antibody. Evidence is presented that transmission of the organism is usually within the family group. Although only trachoma immunotypes B and C previously had been associated with trachoma infection on Taiwan, data is presented from one family in which type D infections occurred. While a series of new and reinfections with trachoma organisms were demonstrated in some of the families under observation, the majority of the families not only showed no new infections but showed spontaneous healing or disappearance of clinical and laboratory evidence of trachoma infection. This tendency of active trachoma infection to disappear from a family in the absence of transmission of the organism parallels the rapid fall and prevalence of active trachoma on Taiwan during the past decade. PMID- 1243111 TI - Indirect hemagglutination test of Rickettsia orientalis: its specificity for reference strains, Karp, Gilliam and Kato. AB - Amberlite XE-64 and bovine serum albumin-treated rickettsia suspension, which was prepared from the chicken yolk sacs infected with each of 3 reference strains of Rickettsia orientalis, Karp, Gilliam and Kato, was sonicated at 10 KC for 15 min at 4 degrees C and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 40 min at 0 degrees C. The supernatant was used to sensitize the formalinized and tanned sheep red blood cells (SFTSRC). This antigen (2.5%) could be preserved for at least 1 wk at 4-8 degrees C and at least a month, if merthiolate (1:10,000) was added. Each SFTSRCP of 3 reference strains was found to be specific in indirect hemagglutination (IHA) reaction with each homologous immune serum and there was little cross reaction with the heterologous one. This minor cross reaction might be due to the presence of a small amount of soluble antigen in SFTSRC. No cross IHA reaction with the typhus fever immune serum was observed. The IHA test was considered to be useful for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. PMID- 1243112 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on the external morphology of Azotobacter vinelandii during encystment and germination. AB - Aspects of the external morphology of Azotobacter vinelandii cells during encystment and germination processes were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Most of the vegetative cells have a smooth surface but some have warty surfaces. The intact cysts have wrinkled surfaces and occasional small heaves. Mucoid materials are present on the surface of the cysts. During the encystment process, an extensive peeling-off of coat materials was noted, then the excretion and aggregation of new capsular materials was immediately followed. The germination process was initiated by an expansion of the central body (the cell), then the emerging of this cell from the cyst coats was observed. PMID- 1243113 TI - Studies on the Monascus isolated from the startor of Kaoliang Brandy. AB - Seven strains of Monascus spp. were isolated from the startors of Kaoliang Brandy in Taiwan and Kinmen. Their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were examined. Shape of colony, length of conidial chain, production of pigment and tolerance to NaCl were considered to be suitable keys to the classification of these isolates. It was found that there were at least 6 species of Monascus in the startors of Kaoliang Brandy, 2 from Kinmen and 4 from Taiwan. PMID- 1243114 TI - [The evaluation of hyphal tip ultrasections by projection charts]. PMID- 1243115 TI - Parasitological studies at a new breeding area of Oncomelania hupensis chiui in Taipei county, Taiwan. AB - Oncomelania hupensis chiui was found at the Jui-Ping area, Linkow District, Taipei County, Taiwan, which is located on the north coast of the island approximately 10 km of the mouth of the Tamasui River. The habitat of the snails at this area is similar to the type locality at Alilao, on the slope of the hills along of coast. The snails from this new breeding area, are similar to the Alilao snails, and are highly susceptible to the infection with geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum including the Changhua, Ilan, Japanese, Philippine and Chinese strains. Examinations of 7,758 snails and intradermal tests on 736 inhabitants along with stool examinations of 622 people indicated that there was no evidence of the presence of Schistosoma japonicum at this area. Results obtained from stool examination demonstrated high prevalence of hookworm infection (53.4%) and relatively low infection rates of Asearis lumbricoides (37.0%) and Trichuris trichiura (14.1%). The protozoan infections were low in general. A single Scotch-tape technique for Enterobius vermicularis among 499 school children yielded a 55.7% infection rate. PMID- 1243116 TI - Interference between Rickettsia orientalis and Encephalitozoon cuniculi in the same cell. PMID- 1243117 TI - Trichosomoides nasalis in the nasal chamber of Rattus coxinga on Taiwan. PMID- 1243118 TI - Experimental second intermediate hosts for Echinostoma revolutum. PMID- 1243119 TI - Trachoma organisms: technical advances in laboratory diagnosis. AB - New knowledge of the microbiology and immunology of Chlamydia is reviewed. New serological and isolation methods for diagnosis of Trachoma infection are described. Results of studies of ocular and genital Trachoma infection utilizing these new techniques are presented. PMID- 1243120 TI - The genital mycoplasmas: serological inquiries. AB - Serological studies on the genital mycoplasmas (U. urealyticum and M. hominis) are briefly reviewed. Newly developed serological tests from our laboratory have been applied to the studies of mycoplasma strains and antibody responses in patients. The data indicate that genital mycoplasmas are serologically diverse, with at least 11 serotypes of U. urealyticum and 7 of M. hominis. No one serotype predominates in relation to any known association with illness. However, serological and cultural data indicate a strong link between genital mycoplasmas and perinatal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 1243121 TI - Inhibition of measles virus replication and enhancement of cellular DNA synthesis in vero cells by ribavirin, an antiviral and antineoplastic drug. AB - Excellent in vitro inhibition of measles virus infectivity by ribavirin was detectable by a tube method allowing prolonged maintenance which makes possible the evaluation of efficiency at daily intervals. Optimal efficiency occurred on day 5 to 7, depending on the drug dose. Although syntheses of cellular RNA and protein were inhibited by low drug dosage, the de novo DNA synthesis was enhanced. Peak 4-fold enhancement resulted with 320 mug/ml after 2 days treatment. PMID- 1243122 TI - Histopathological and immunological studies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - From 1968 to 1973, 793 cases of nasopharyngeal malignancies in Japan were examined histopathologically and immunologically. The majority of the carcinomas were undifferentiated squamous cell carcinomas, including transitional cell carcinoma and lymphoepithelioma. These findings correspond well with those of other countries. There were more well differentiated carcinomas in the old than in the young age groups. The positive rate (80%) and the geometric mean of the anti-VCA-antibody titers (more than 1:750) were remarkably high in the lymphoepithelioma group. These two factors seem to be very important to the study of oncogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The relationship between subpopulations of peripheral lymphocytes in NPC and histopathological classification was investigated. The lymphoepithelioma group had a higher proportion of B cells (complement receptor cells) to T cells (erythrocyte rosette forming cells) than healthy persons throughout the clinical course, and its prognosis was not good. PMID- 1243123 TI - An electron microscopic study of the structural polymorphism of hepatitis B antigen from human sera. AB - The physical features of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) particles from human sera are investigated with electron microscopy and immune electron microscopic technique. All the virus-like particles are pleomorphic in structure; although they are classified into two categories: HBsAg and HBcAg by immunological technique. The small, spherical particles measured in a range of 16 to 30 nm in diameter, mostly 20 to 22 nm,are populous in the positive serum. The tubular particles have the width of 18 to 22 nm and the length of 50 to 230 nm or even longer. Sometimes these particles contain a larger end and become the tadpole shape. The large particles or Dane particles measured mainly 42 nm in diameter have an inner core and the outer coats. The inner core of 27 nm in diameter can expose spontaneously. It can be released from the coats by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min or by treatment of Tween 80 (1%) at room temperature. When specific antibody is added in the positive sample, the aggregate of the antigen-antibody clumping can be revealed with electron microscope. The core antigen of the large particles may attach to the molecular protein of the antibody and show the spike like structure. This polymorphism of HBAg particles seems unique in animal virology. The roles of these particles played in medical and virological fields are discussed. PMID- 1243124 TI - Blindness in Mentally Retarded Children. A survey of the causes of blindness in 201 notified patients. AB - A preliminary survey of the causes of blindness in mentally retarded children in Denmark showed that 50% of the children had optic atrophy, 12.5% had cataract while tapeto-retinal degenerations, other malformation and retrolental fibroplasia each represents 8-9% of the causes of blindness. The survey, was done through written notification and some patients with tapeto-retinal degenerations might have been wrongly diagnosed. PMID- 1243125 TI - [Research on the modalities and mechanisms of toxic action of organochlorine insecticides. II. Long term toxicity effects of DDT in hamsters]. AB - 18 months DDT feeding showed no carcinogenic potentiality in hamster even with the dose of 1 g/kg of DDT in the diet. PMID- 1243126 TI - A new central direct dopaminergic stimulant: 1-(Coumaran-5-yl methyl)-4-(2 thiazolyl) piperazine hydrochloride (S 3608). PMID- 1243127 TI - [Rare venereal diseases]. PMID- 1243128 TI - Mediastinal lymphosarcoma with IGM paraproteinemia: a case report. PMID- 1243130 TI - Venereal disease prevention and a selected group of college students. AB - This study was designed to discover the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of a selected group of undergraduate college students relative to individual venereal disease protective/preventive measures. A population of 373 students were drawn from two large, state-supported universities in the midwest. The investigation was conducted to provide base line data for medical personnel and health educators to consider when educating young adults about the prevention of venereal disease infection. The findings revealed the existence of desirable, as well as undesirable knowledge, attitudes, and practices with implications for education. PMID- 1243129 TI - Effect of fermented (butter milk) food on fibrinolytic activity. AB - Effect of one day fermented milk (butter milk) was studied in 18 medical students between 18 to 20 years of age. Results showed that there is a significant decrease in fibrinolytic activity two hours after giving butter milk and the effect persists even at the end of six hours. PMID- 1243131 TI - A venereal disease knowledge evaluation instrument. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, reliable test to measure the knowledge of elementary school teachers about venereal disease. Recommended scientific test construction procedures were carefully followed. These included the development of a content outline and a table of specification; submitting potential test items to a review panel; revision of items and initial administration of the test; item analysis, revision, and a second administration; and the item analysis and revision which resulted in the Schmidt VD Knowlege Evaluator. This test consists of 45 multiple-choice items related primarily to syphilis and gonorrhea with some items related to the other venereal diseases. Test construction procedures assure face validity and the Kuder-Richardson formula estimates reliability to be 0.79. The instrument would be useful as a pre test and/or post-test for inservice programs, workshops, and seminars for teachers, school nurses, or any similar group. PMID- 1243132 TI - Editorial: sexually-transmitted diseases from the pediatrician's viewpoint. PMID- 1243133 TI - An additional source of macrotetrolide antibiotics. PMID- 1243134 TI - Early childhood psychosis and bleeding during pregnancy. A prospective study of gravid women and their offspring. AB - Children with infantile autism and childhood psychoses were identified in the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Collaborative Perinatal Study. They were matched with two control groups one of normal-IQ and the other of low-IQ children. Perinatal data, which had been collected prospectively, were then rated blindly. The relationship between uterine bleeding in mothers and their subsequently delivered children, who developed the syndromes of autism and childhood psychosis, was found to be significant. Mid-trimester bleeding was especially prevalent. The bleeding was usually minor and was not considered to be clinically significant at the time of occurrence. The results tend to corroborate 12 previously published retrospective reports indicating more perinatal complications in children who develop autism and childhood psychosis. PMID- 1243135 TI - Minor physical anomalies in normal, neurotic, learning disabled, and severely disturbed children. AB - A high incidence of minor physical anomalies in a childhood schizophrenic population has been previously reported by Goldfarb. In the present study, 108 boys from four different clinical populations were examined, utilizing a standardized anomaly scoring system for which a high interrater reliability was obtained. The patient populations were: general pediatric ward patients (n = 31), psychoneurotic outpatients at a university child guidance clinic (n = 26), learning diabled children (n = 23), and autistic, borderline, and atypical children (n = 28) from two residential treatment centers. Both the learning disabled and residential treatment populations had higher mean anomaly scores than did the first two groups, but did not differ significantly from each other. There was a trend for patients with multiple anomalies to have had more frequent history of prenatal insults or paternal psychopathology. These results indicate that the development of these minor anatomical anomalies which are formed in the first three months of fetal development may parallel early developmental deviation of the central nervous system. The finding of high anomalies in the residential treatment groups supports the idea that some of these patients share a common etiology with the other early developmental deviations, such as speech delay or mental retardation, for which high anomaly scores have also been reported. PMID- 1243136 TI - Prognostic antecedents and outcome in a follow-up study of children with a diagnosis of childhood psychosis. AB - Records of the initial period of observation and the early history of 59 children with a diagnosis of childhood psychosis during the preschool years were examined for possible predictive variables. The children, now age 10 years or older, were divided into two groups--those that are presently successful and those that are presently unsuccessful, according to the criteria of this study. A cluster of 23 items was found significantly to differentiate the two groups. PMID- 1243137 TI - Language patterns of adolescent autistics. AB - The language samples of seven verbal autistic adolescents were analyzed. Linguistic deficits were compared to characteristics reported for preteen autistics and described structurally. Only four subjects demonstrated linguistic impairments. These clustered primarily in the area of prosodic features, semantic cooccurrence constraints and general disfluency. No such clustering had been reported for the preteen population. No correlation between linguistic deficits, IQ, and age was found. However, performance on the Seashore Test for Musical Ability correlated highly with linguistic performance. Results suggest that (a) autism includes liguistically, and possibly etiologically, distinct subtroups; (b) the basic linguistic deficits in autism may be more specific than thought previously; and (c) perception of prosodic features may be crucial for decoding and encoding linguistic signals. Autistic children may be lacking in this ability. PMID- 1243139 TI - Springing the tradition trap. PMID- 1243138 TI - Systematic observation of play behavior in autistic children. AB - The play behavior, defined as interaction with peers and objects, of five autistic children was systematically observed in four environments, i.e., a stark environment, a theraplay unit, a playroom, and an outside play deck. The preliminary results suggested that (1) with some children environment has little or no effect on their play behavior; (2) with multiple objects, autistic children frequently related to the objects rather than to their peers; (3) object play was most frequently at the manipulative stage and often included repetitive and negative behavior; (4) within a confined space with no objects present, autistic children frequently engaged in solitary repetitive behavior; and (5) within a confined space designed to facilitate a movement flow (theraplay), autistic children modeled and imitated and were involved in gross motor play together. PMID- 1243140 TI - Letter: Teaching autistic children. PMID- 1243141 TI - Serum diiodotyrosine. AB - Serum diiodotyrosine (DIT) was measured by radioimmunoassay in healthy subjects patients with thyroid disease and a variety of laboratorty animals. Ninety-two healthy adults had a mean level of 101 ng/100 ml. There was no sex difference in DIT levels but DIT fell with aging. There was no change with short term oral SSKI administration. Athyrotic subjects had measurable but reduced levels (mean = 52 ng/100 ml). Hyperthyroid subjects had levels slightly, but not significantly, higher than controls (mean = 149 ng/100 ml). Treatment of hyperthyroidism was followed by a small but significant fall in DIT levels, but there was no change in DIT levels with thyroid hormone therapy of hypothyroidism. A large species variation in serum DIT levels was found among laboratory animals with mean levels ranging from 17 ng/100 ml in mice to 428 ng/100 ml in dogs. PMID- 1243142 TI - Convenient, simplified preparation of less commonly used media. AB - A method is described for the preparation of some less commonly used media. This approach should encourage use of these media. PMID- 1243143 TI - [The nature and methods of isolating and analyzing pulmonary surfactant]. PMID- 1243144 TI - Analysis of the role of endogenous prolactin on fluid and sodium chloride absorption by the rat jejunum. AB - Intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl in rats is significantly decreased after hypophysectomy and increased in rats with pituitary implants. Oestrogen and reserpine significantly stimulate mucosal fluid and NaCl transfer in both normal and adrenalectomized rats, comparable to the effects of administration of prolactin. In intact rats, ergocryptine enhanced intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl; however, it failed to exert any effects in adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy alone had no adverse effects on intestinal absorption in saline compensated rats. The administration of corticosterone alone or together with prolactin significantly enhanced intestinal absorption, although the effect of corticosterone alone was more variable. These data strongly suggest that increased endogenous prolactin levels produce stimulatory effects on intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl by the rat jejunum. PMID- 1243145 TI - Influence of reproductive state on intestinal fluid and ion transport by the rat jejunum, in relation to the possible contribution of prolactin. AB - Mucosal fluid, sodium and chloride transfer by the rat jejunum was higher at pro oestrus and oestrus than at dioestrus. Prolactin enhanced intestinal absorption in dioestrous but not in oestrous rats. Ovariectomy had no significant effect on fluid and sodium absorption but resulted in increased chloride absorption. Oestrogen treatment, however, stimulated fluid and sodium transport without affecting chloride absorption in ovariectomized rats. In contrast, progesterone had no influence on fluid and sodium transport but inhibited chloride absorption. Intestinal absorption of fluid, sodium chloride, potassium, calcium and magnesium was significantly increased during pregnancy and lactation. The limited effect of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine in depressing intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl in both pregnant and lactating rats suggests that hormones other than prolactin are also involved. Lactating rats not suckled for 24 h, or subjected to reduction in the number of pups from eight to three, did not show major changes in intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl. The present data suggest that increases in intestinal transport during oestrus, pregnancy and lactation are attributable to hormonal changes to which prolactin may make an important contribution. PMID- 1243146 TI - The incorporation of carbon dioxide into the major classes of RNA during culture of the preimplantation mouse embryo. AB - The fixation of CO2 into major classes of RNA in the mouse embryo was studied in culture. Total fixation of CO2 was low at the two-cell stage and no label was found in RNA. Between the eight-cell and morula/early blastocyst stages of development, total fixation increased markedly but decreased again at the late blastocyst stage. On a per cell basis, the level of incorporation of CO2 decreased steadily throughout the preimplantation period. A significant acceleration in the accumulation of 14CO2 into all classes of RNA occurred between eight-celled embryos and morulae/early blastocysts, and this effect was more evident when results were calculated in relation to cell number. At the late blastocyst stage, incorporation of label into RNA decreased on a per embryo and a per cell basis. Most of the label from CO2 was incorporated into the r-RNA fraction at all stages of development and incorporation into s-RNA was always less. The pattern of labelling of RNA with 14CO2 was similar to that previously obtained for the incorporation of [3H]uridine into embryonic RNA, suggesting that most of the CO2 entering the RNA pool may be incorporated into nucleotide bases. The s-RNA and r-RNA fractions were susceptible to digestion with both pancreatic ribonuclease and 0-3 M alkali. Approximately 31% of the label in the TD-RNA fraction remained after hydrolysis with ribonuclease and a similar proportion of the TD-RNA was resistant to alkali treatment. Incorporation of CO2 by morulae/early blastocysts was substantial during culture in substrate-free medium but was increased significantly in medium containing lactate plus pyruvate. Carbon dioxide fixation into RNA was decreased by preculture for 48 hr before incubation in radioactive medium. When compared with freshly collected morulae/early blastocysts, the proportion of the total label in the s-RNA fraction of precultured embryos was low, and a correspondingly greater proportion of the total label was found in the TD-RNA fraction. PMID- 1243147 TI - The role of calcium ions in fertilization of mouse and rat eggs in vitro. PMID- 1243148 TI - Distribution of hyaluronidase in the ram spermatozoon. PMID- 1243149 TI - A technique for obtaining scanning electron micrographs in colour. AB - A digital electronic unit is described which, by modifying the video signal of the scanning electron microscope (SEM), permits the selection of images in separate tonal or grey-scale levels. By the sequential exposure of these grey levels onto colour film with the intervention of colour filters, coloured scanning electron micrographs have been obtained. Full details of the procedure are given. The process is applicable to any normal image capable of being displayed at the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 1243150 TI - Aspects of scanning microdensitometry. III. The monochromator system. AB - Microdensitometric errors can result from various factors associated with the monochromator system, including imperfect monochromaticity of the light, incorrect setting of the wavelength, and non-uniform illumination of either the microscopic field or the objective aperture. Certain types of potential error are characteristic of particular instruments. Thus in the Vickers M85 microdensitometer, where the flying spot is the reduced image of a hole situated at the monochromator exit aperture, the interpretation of results obtained with different spot sizes is complicated by the fact that the hole size affects both the spatial resolution and the spectral bandwidth of the system. Similarly, in instruments in which the monochromator exit slit lies in an aperture plane the numerical aperture of the whole system may be affected by the spectral bandwidth and vice versa. Overall instrumental sensitivity is mainly limited at the blue and red ends of the spectrum respectively by the lamp output and the photomultiplier tube sensitivity. Quartz-iodine lamps are slightly brighter than conventional tungsten sources, especially at short wavelengths, but tend to be less stable photometrically and are more expensive. Simple refracting monochromators and graded-spectrum interference filters in general pass more light, in the visible spectrum, than do grating monochromators of similar bandwidth. Most errors of wavelength setting can be avoided by routinely measuring at that wavelength, lambda(max), found empirically to give the maximum absorbance or integrated absorbance. Off-peak wavelengths can be set reproducibly with the aid of an eyepiece spectroscope, or by adjusting the wavelength so that the absorbance of a given specimen is some precise fraction of that at lambda(max). PMID- 1243151 TI - The relationship of plastic deformation in freeze-etching to the orientation of a protein particle. AB - Freeze-fracturing of face-centered, cubically packed, intracellular crystals of fraction 1 protein result in two distinct fracture responses of the constituent particles, according to their orientation relative to the plane of fracture. If a square-packed plane is revealed, fracture occurs either between particles or the particles plastically deform. Conversely, if a hexagonally-packed plane is revealed, fracture occurs either betwen particles or cleanly at internal planes of the particles, without any plastic deformation. It is proposed that this information may be of value in determining the arrangement of the axes of the covalently bound polypeptide protomer chains which constitute the oligomer. PMID- 1243152 TI - Determination of the principal distance and the location of the perspective centre in low magnification SEM photogrammetry. AB - The principal distance, D, from the centre of perspective in the SEM optical projection to the tilt axis of the specimen stage must be accurately determined before photogrammetric evaluation of stereoscopic pairs of micrographs can proceed. A precise procedure for measuring D is described in which the specimen stage X micrometer is used to measure the width of the field scanned for a particular width of the CRT, when the specimen stage is moved along the electron beam axis by amounts measured with the stage Z micrometer. The Z micrometer is calibrated with an external dial gauge. A plot of field width against Z extrapolated to zero gives the location of the perspective centre. In SEM photogrammetry, it is usual to leave the lens currents unchanged whilst recording the stereo-pairs. The values of D measured with a constant final lens current show that the perspective centre is located close to the final aperture in its conventional position. Previous determinations of D for Stereoscans have used a changing lens current to keep the specimen in focus at varying Z, and found a virtual centre several millimetres above the final aperture. The value of D so obtained should only be used if the micrographs were recorded with dynamic or automatic focusing systems. PMID- 1243153 TI - [Injuries of the knee joint menisci]. PMID- 1243154 TI - [Survey on the causes of death of leprasy patients in leprosaria in Japan and their autopsy reports--1973]. PMID- 1243155 TI - Letter: Dangers of intrathecal hydrocortisone sodium succinate. PMID- 1243156 TI - Activity of sRNA-amino acyl synthetases in experimental cyanide encephalopathy. PMID- 1243157 TI - [Are lysosomal enzymes involved in regulation of cell proliferation? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - An activation of cell growth is affected by the addition of proteolytic enzymes to cultures of normal cells. A stimulation of integration of thymidine or guanosine into the nucleic acids, and a phosphorylation of histones resulted after protease treatment of cells and also of resulted after protease treatment of cells and also of isolated nuclei. Proteases are present in the lysosomes, among them also some whose maximal activity is in the region of pH 7. Lysosome preparations cause a stimulation of incorporation of nucleotides into the nucleic acids of cells in vitro and an increase in proliferation. It has been possible to demonstrate that the blastic transformation of lymphocytes can be activated by proteolytic enzymes, and that various inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes can check the activation, independent of the kind of blastogenic factor used. All blastogenic factors seem to produce an extrusion of lysosomal enzymes. Various authors reported an inhibition of lymphocyte-transformation by substances which stabilize the membrane of lysosomes. During the past 50 years reports were repeatedly published stating that malignant tumors yield proteolytic enzymes, which also may induce fibrinolysis. An increasing number of publications have recently been reported about the emission of a plasminogen-activating factor originating from virally transformed cells. Although the dependence of this effect on virus-infections could not be confirmed in all cases, it seems to be established that malignant or transformed cells release considerably more enzymes out of the lysosomes into the plasma and into the surrounding fluid than the corresponding normal cells. One should take into consideration that leakage of lysosomal membranes could be one of the causes of the increased proliferation of the majority of malignant cells. PMID- 1243158 TI - [The diagnostic and prognostic significance of epithelial blood group isoantigens in carcinomas and polyps of the colon (author's transl)]. AB - Blood group isoantigens (BG) were detected in carcinomas and polyps of the colon and were related to the degree of differentiation, the histologic type, the age of the patients and the histologic signs of malignancy. 1. BG were found in 60 70% of colon carcinomas regardless of their differentiation. 2. BG-positive carcinomas were less often surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells than BG negative ones. 3. BG were present in colon polyps as mucusassociated and as membrane-associated antigens depending on the differentiation of the cells. Hence, BG-activity can be regarded as additional criterium to assess objectively the differentiation of the tumor cells in a polyp. 4. The percentage of BG positive polyps increased with dedifferentiation. 5. Polyps with foci of malignant degeneration were consistently BG-positive. 6. Villous polyps contained BG more often than the adenomatous ones. 7. The results support the concept that both villous and adenomatous polyps of the colon are precancerous lesions. PMID- 1243159 TI - Investigation of cell-vitality in tumor specimen after cryosurgical operations. AB - Carcinomas of the gastro-intestinal tract were resected in 6 patients either by cryosurgery or in the usual, conventional manner without freezing the tumor. Cells from the tumorsections in each case were isolated by the use of enzymes and were examined for vitality following trypan-blue vital staining. In 5 out of 6 cryosurgical cases fewer than 10% of the cells were vital compared with sections from nonfrozen specimen. In one case the freezing method (cryosurgery) did not have any influence on the cell vitality. The cell-damaging effect of cryosurgical procedures proven in vitro suggests possible additional therapeutic effects in tumor-patients. Cryosurgery has proven useful in the treatment of hypertrophic prostates, when an unusual risk was involved. Recently it has also been used in the surgical treatment of carcinomas of the skin, the bladder and the cervix (1; 2, 3, 6). Approximately a year ago we started to use cryosurgery in our hospital in inoperable abdominal tumors. After freezing the primary tumor or its metastases a massive breakdown of the remaining tumor in-situ occurs, which might produce a palliative effect. As a result of freezing the tumor before resection, we expect a decrease in the spread of tumor cells during surgery and a stimulation and mobilization of specific immune response against the tumor (5). In order to increase our knowledge of the biological behaviour of cryosurgically treated tumors, we investigated in the present study teh cell-vitality in tumor tissues before and after cryosurgery. PMID- 1243160 TI - [The effect of various solvents (benzene, toluene, acetone) used with carcinogens on the collagen content of the mouse dorsal skin]. AB - Benzene, toluene and acetone--frequently used as solvents of skin carcinogens- have different effects on the skin collagen of mice: Benzene and toluene lower the collagen content significantly whereas acetone does not. Methylcholanthrene solved in acetone causes a slower collagen decrease and a longer latency period of tumor development as can be observed, when solved in benzene or toluene. This leads to the conclusion, that benzene and toluene have a cocarcinogenic potency. PMID- 1243161 TI - [Smoking habits and epidemiology of lung cancer in Austria. III. Changes in lung cancer mortality in men]. AB - It has been possible to show that the international trend of a reduced mortality rate in lung cancer of men can also be demonstrated in the Austrian population. By means of cohort-analysis this trend has been attributed mainly to a reduced mortality in younger male population. The improvement in the quality of cigarettes, namely the reduction in the amount of carcinogens and its relation to the reduction of lung cancer death rates will be discussed. At the present time, it is impossible to decide whether or not this reduced mortality rate will remain constant in the future or whether these results may be interpreted as expressing an increased period of latency in pulmonary carcinoma. PMID- 1243162 TI - Carcinogen and smoke induced early alterations in the Syrian golden hamster respiratory epithelium as revealed by electron microscopy. AB - Syrian golden hamsters were treated once weekly with 0.63 mg B(a)P administered intratrracheally. Another group of hamsters was exposed once daily for one year to the smoke of research cigarettes by means of a smoking machine (Type Hamburg II). Trachea, lobar and segmental bronchi of the animals were examined electron microscopically. The smoke induced epithelial alterations resembled, in many aspects, those caused by a ten week B(a)P treatment. PMID- 1243163 TI - [Halo Nevus (Morbus Sutton): model of an immunological tumor regression]. AB - Spontaneous regressions of malignant tumors are rare in the history of malignant disease. In malignant melanoma immunological mechanisms were accounted for the regressions observed. By the clinical phenomenon called Halo nevus a benign pigment-cell-tumor is described which shows spontaneous involution. The characteristic feature is the depigmentation of the surrounding uninvolved skin and a centripetal progression of the tumor-regression-phenomenon. In the present study it is demonstrated by histopathological and immunological investigations that lymphocytes are responsible for this tumor-regression. Lymphocyte-reactivity of 16 patients with Sutton's disease in different stages were investigated in the microcytotoxicity-assay against culture-grown melanomatargetcells. In 11 patients a specific cell-mediated immunity against the melanoma cells could be demonstrated in vitro. 5 patients did not show any reactivity, the Halo nevus had been removed by surgery 2 years earlier. The results of the immunological assay are confirmed by histopathological light- and electron-microscopic incestigations and documented by typical examples. PMID- 1243164 TI - [Results of cisternoscintigraphy. A proscpective and retrospective study]. AB - In a retrospective and prospective study the scintigraphically measured kinetics of intrathecally injected tracers are classified and compared with the final clinical diagnoses confirmed by additional examinations and clinical course. The results of the studies show characteristic dynamics of the tracer in patients without neurological diseases, whereas typically abnormal images are demonstrated in different neurological diseases. PMID- 1243165 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases and the mobility explosion. PMID- 1243166 TI - Ergocryptine and pregnancy maintenance in hamsters. AB - Ergocryptine (ECR) terminated pregnancy in hamsters when administered on Day 5; when ECR was given on Day 6 the response was diminished, and pregnancy continued after ECR treatment on Day 7. The abortifacient action of ECR in Day 5 pregnant hamsters was overcome by exogenous prolactin but not FSH and LH. When sera collected from hamsters on different days of gestation were examined for their ability to neutralize the effect of ECR in Day 5 pregnant hamsters, a peak of luteotrophic activity was observed in sera collected on Days 10 and 11. The results of these studies suggest that in hamsters the role of hypophyseal prolactin in luteal support is diminished by Day 7 of pregnancy, and the appearance of luteotrophic activity in sera collected on Days 10 and 11 may be indicative of a placental luteotrophin. PMID- 1243167 TI - [Mental disorders and social changes]. PMID- 1243168 TI - [Hypochondriacal syndromes and their social background]. PMID- 1243170 TI - [Maternal deprivation during infancy]. PMID- 1243169 TI - [Changes in the profile of patients with Morita's neurosis and the future of Morita's therapy]. PMID- 1243171 TI - [Symptoms of "illusion and fantasy" in a farmer living in a community in the outskirt of a city]. PMID- 1243172 TI - [Changes of the subjects in fantasy of schizophrenic patients - a study of medical records of Matsuzawa Hospital covering the Meiji, Taisho and Showa eras]. PMID- 1243173 TI - [Mental disorders and social changes - an observation at a public psychiatric hospital in Japan]. PMID- 1243174 TI - [Mental disorders and social changes]. PMID- 1243175 TI - [Mental disorders and social changes]. PMID- 1243176 TI - [Mental disorders and social changes - a child welfare problem]. PMID- 1243177 TI - [Care of mental patients and social changes - an experience in Okinawa]. PMID- 1243178 TI - [The social role of "psychogenic theory" in the so-called photochemical smog damage incidents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243179 TI - [An experimental study of epilepsy with "kindling effect" procedure -- I. Behavioral and electroencephalographic study on the developmental process of hippocampal seizure (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243180 TI - [An experimental study of epilepsy with "kindling effect" procedure -- II. Study on the secondary epileptogenesis of hippocampal seizure with "transference phenomenon" (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243181 TI - [A study on response of EEG during Zen meditation--alpha-blocking to name calling (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243182 TI - [The neuropsychological observations in four cases of carbon monoxide poisoning (interval form) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243183 TI - The possible mode of action of prostaglandins IX-prostaglandin F2alpha involvement in the reversal of ovulation blockade by ergocornine in rats. AB - A single injection of 1 mg ergocornine methanesulphonate to semispayed rat on day 3 of the cycle was found to block ovulation. However, the animals showed regular compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary. Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) of 2.0 mg/kg bw on days 3 and 4 in the ergocornine-blocked semispayed rats consistently reversed the blocking effect and the animals showed compensatory ovulation and ovarian hypertrophy. It was moreover observed that the ergocornine-treated mated animals did not become either pregnant or pseudopregnant, but returned to normal cycle as usual. Conversely, the animals which had combined regimen of ergocornine and PGF2alpha became pregnant and the number of embryonic swellings in a single horn and their average weight were statistically identical to their experimental controls. The possible involvement of PGF2alpha in the mechanism of follicular rupture has been discussed. PMID- 1243184 TI - [Attempted fattening of zebu cattle with rice polish in North Cameroon]. PMID- 1243186 TI - Variations of salivary amylase as a test of internal irradiation in man. AB - The hypothesis of the parotid gland radiosensitivity has suggested to the authors to follow up the effect of therapeutic internal irradiation on the serum, urine and salivary alpha-amylase activity in man. The assay and visualization of alpha amylase isoenzymes on agar gel zymograms by using the "Phadebas amylase test" tablets has demonstrated in some cases increases of salivary alpha-amylase activity expressed by the ratio of the optical density after internal irradiation to that before administration of radioisotopes. PMID- 1243185 TI - Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in towns with different air pollution. AB - An epidemiologic study was carried out for the estimation of air pollution as a risk factor for chronic obstructive lung disease. The whole male population aged 40 to 60 years was investigated in a polluted and a non-polluted control town. The subjects with occupational exposure to dusts, gases and irritant vapours were discarded from the study. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and of chronic bronchitis in the polluted town was twice that in the control (non-polluted) one. These results are discussed in the light of some previous investigations of the authors and of the available data in the literature. PMID- 1243187 TI - [CO2 14 exhalation measurement in liver diseases]. PMID- 1243188 TI - Electrophoretic investigation of L-asparaginase influence on blood and spleen blood globulins. Experimental study. AB - In view of detecting the influence of L-asparaginase on blood and spleen blood globulins, 42 rabbits were daily injected for three weeks with different doses of this drug. Electrophoretic analysis of blood and spleen blood samples from these animals showed no relationship between the doses used and the changes of circulating blood globulins indicating the well known immunodepressing effects of the drug. However, in the spleen blood from the inoculated rabbits (as compared with a control group) a small excess of gamma globulins which appeared especially after 1-2 weeks of daily injections with 2,000 or 10,000 I.U.L-asparaginase/kg b.w. was interpreted as due to the antigenic action of the enzymatic product administered. PMID- 1243189 TI - HbS in nine Romanian families. AB - Thirty-two cases of HbS hemoglobinosis diagnosed in nine families of Romania are reported. Of these 26 were HbS trait carriers and 6 were double heterozygous presenting an association of HbS and beta-thalassemia. In the latter, one of the patients was carrier of HbS and the other had minor thalassemia with increased values of HbA2. It is stressed that the patients had a rather mild clinical form of hemolytic anemia, in spite of the very high concentration of HbS in the erythrocytes. PMID- 1243190 TI - Hemoglobin O Arabia. Considerations on the first nine cases discovered in Romania. AB - The results obtained by investigations in three Romanian families with HbO Arabia are reported. The presence of this type of hemoglobin was ascertained by clinical, hematological and biochemical examinations. The classification was made on the basis of the structural analysis (fingerprinting and aminoacid analysis). Of the nine cases reported, seven were heterozygotic forms showing no hematological alterations or clinical signs of disease. Two cases were doubly heterozygotic, HbO Arabia associated to beta-thalassemia, showing also alterations of the hematological pattern and clinical signs of hemolytic anemia. PMID- 1243191 TI - Antimyocardial antibodies in heart diseases. II. Immunofluorescent patterns in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. AB - Antibodies against rat myocardium were studied by means of histoimmunfluorescence (indirect technique) in 32 rheumatic fever patients. Antibodies were found in 54% of the cases without carditis or active rheumatic valvulitis and in 83% of those with carditis. The fluorescent patterns observed were : sarcolemmal, sarcoplasmic (intermyofibrillar) and smooth muscle of vessels. The sarcolemmal pattern was more frequently observed in rheumatic carditis while the intermyofibrillar one was more common in rheumatic fever without evidence of carditis as well as rheumatic valvulitis. The serum factors involved in the sarcolemmal fluorescence were inhibitied by the insoluble saline myocardium extract. PMID- 1243192 TI - Assessment of a new "dry" piston spirograph: the Eutest (Vicatest). PMID- 1243193 TI - What is atopy? PMID- 1243195 TI - Epidemiology of coronary heart disease. PMID- 1243194 TI - Coronary heart disease and risk factors in some special type collectivities. AB - Transversal epidemiologic investigations carried out in different populations from several regions of Romania : Gurghiu Valley (lumberjacks from a mountain region), Danube Delta and Razelm lagoon complex (fishermen), and Bucharest have shown that, in spite of the high caloric value of food and even of a high intake of saturated fats, mean serum cholesterol is lower in the rural areas than in Bucharest, probably owing to the strenuous physical work. However, except myocardial infarction, more frequent in the urban than in the rural regions, the other forms of coronary heart disease have a relatively higher frequency in villages, particularly atrial fibrillation and ECG signs of ischemia. These findings might be explained by a greater prevalence of hypertension in these populations. It is concluded that the risk factors, which act synergically, depend on the complex structure of the "ecologic niche". PMID- 1243196 TI - Relationship between the genetic and the ecologic factor in the determination of high blood pressure. PMID- 1243197 TI - Hesitations, contradictions and difficulties in the definition and diagnosis of coronary heart disease. PMID- 1243198 TI - [Immune mechanisms in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1243199 TI - Presence of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the houses of asthmatics sensitized to house dust. A one year study. PMID- 1243200 TI - Study on the frequency of "fatty metamorphosis" of intramural thrombi as a lipid source in atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 1243202 TI - [Current concepts of the treatment of Basedow's disease]. PMID- 1243201 TI - T3 release from thyroid slices as an assay for thyroid stimulators. AB - A new in vitro bioassay for thyroid stimulators is described. The method is based on radioimmunological measurement of triiodothyronine (T3) release from thyroid slices. Small thyroid slices were cut from several porcine thyroids. The slices were pooled in incubation vessels. The stimulating effect of human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), bovine TSH, and serum from a patient with Grave's disease was investigated. After 3 hr the T3 concentration was significantly higher in the vessels containing the thyroid stimulators than in the control vessels. For maximal sensitivity 16 hr of incubation was used in the assay. Bovine TSH, human TSH, and serum from a patient with Grave's disease gave linear dose response curves in a log-log system. For bovine TSH the curve was linear from 5 to 125 muU/ml incubation medium. The dilution curves for bovine TSH and serum from a patient with Grave's disease were parallel. The dilution curve for human TSH was considerably steeper. In 5 assays the lambda values for the bovine TSH curves were 0.10-0.16 (mean, 0.12). In 3 assays the lambda values for the human TSH curves were 0.05-0.07. PMID- 1243203 TI - [Hygenic quality of the cream sold by mobile markets in the Federal District of Mexico. Study of 95 samples]. PMID- 1243204 TI - The normal electron histochemistry and the effect of hemorrhagic shock on the pulmonary surfactant system. AB - An electron histochemical study was carried out on eight baboons to localize the phospholipid constituent of pulmonary surfactant in the normal state and after hemorrhagic shock. In the normal state, phospholipid was seen as a continuous layer lining the alveolar spaces. Phospholipid also was seen in the inclusion bodies of the granular pneumocytes, suggesting these cells as the site of production of surfactant. After hemorrhagic shock, the previously continuous phospholipid layer lining the alveolar spaces became totally fragmented. In addition, increased numbers of phospholipid particles were seen within the pulmonary interstitium. The results of this study suggest that the pulmonary surfactant system may be impaired after hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 1243205 TI - The effect of oxisuran on human immunological responsiveness. AB - Immunological function was evaluated in 9 patients who received oxisuran at a dose range of 5-90 mg/kg, for periods of 5-40 weeks. Bone marrow cytotoxicity and lymphopenia did not occur. Established humoral immunological reactions were unaffected by oxisuran. Only 6 of 19 previously positive skin tests reverted to negative. Primary cellular immune reactivity was markedly suppressed. Allogenic skin graft survival was prolonged to a mean of 30.7 days and only 2 of 9 patients were successfully sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene and Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, respectively. Both IgG and IgM responses to primary typhoid immunization were inhibited. In vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte activity in phytohemagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte culture tests remained normal. These data suggest that oxisuran interferes with the afferent limb of the immune system and may thereby be clinically useful in human transplantation. PMID- 1243206 TI - Tumours of the thymus. AB - A series of 22 consecutive cases of thymic tumour was collected and the tumours were reclassified according to a modified classification scheme. Two-thirds of them were benign lympho-epitheliomas, though in one case pleural implants were noted. One-third of the tumours were clearly malignant (carcinomas, lymphomas and seminomas). In one of the seminomas and in a case of Hodgkin's disease of the thymus no signs of recurrence or metastases have been observed in 10 and 8 years respectively. The sex distribution was fairly equal except that all three seminomas were detected in young men. The malignant tumours usually gave rise to symptoms, while the benign ones did not. Four of the lympho-epitheliomas were associated with myasthenia gravis. No other associated syndrome was observed. The possibility that lympho-epitheliomas may be malignant is discussed. PMID- 1243207 TI - [Disinfection of wool in field conditions]. PMID- 1243208 TI - [Late results following meniscectomy]. PMID- 1243209 TI - [The phytohemagglutinin response of lymphocytes in the blood of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 1243210 TI - [Endolumbar administration of hydrocortisone in the complex treatment of patients with generalized breast cancer]. AB - An efficacy of the method of hormonal therapy--endolumbar hydrocortisone injection in patients with advanced breast cancer has been studied. A remission was gained in 28 of 41 patients. The method proved to be mostly effective in metastases in bones. Changes in the level of estrogens, 17-KS and 17-OCS excretion with the urine during the treatment indicate an endocrinous mechanism of this therapeutic effect. An efficacy of the method in extensive dissemination of the process, its relative simplicity and availability along with the absence of serious complications enabled the authors to hope that the suggested method may be widely used in practice. PMID- 1243212 TI - [Meniscus lesions in occupational soccer players]. PMID- 1243211 TI - [Our experience with the milk and cheese diet in the treatment of porto-caval encephalopathies and cirrhoses]. PMID- 1243213 TI - [Degenerative meniscus lesions in occupational soccer players--an occupational disease?]. PMID- 1243214 TI - [Changes in the parameter of asymmetry of EEG wave fronts in patients with cerebral circulatory disorders treated with instenon]. AB - The distribution of the parameter of asymmetry of the wave fronts in EEG on the convexital surface of the cortex during instenon administration is significantly changed in time and becomes normal after 3 hours of observation. This may point to an improvement of the functional state of the brain under the influence of the drug. The most distinct positive dynamics in such conditions were marked in patients with general brain symptoms and transient disorders in the vertebro basillar system. A transition of desynchronized EEG to hypersynchronized with a subsequent normalization of the structure is apparently conditioned by the central influence of the preparation on the synchronizing areas of the brain reticular formation. PMID- 1243215 TI - [Cell proliferation and action of chemotherapy in malignant lymphomas of the lymphocytic type in the leukemic phase]. PMID- 1243216 TI - Studies on erythropoietic action of anabolic steroid. PMID- 1243217 TI - Mechanism of androgen action on erythropoiesis. PMID- 1243218 TI - Three cases in two families with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia due to defective glucosephosphate isomerase: GPI Matsumoto. PMID- 1243219 TI - Phosphorylation of 6-mercaptopurine in human leukemic cells and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. PMID- 1243220 TI - A comparative study of 6-mercaptopurine metabolism in human leukemic leukocytes and L1210 cells. PMID- 1243221 TI - Electron microscopic and autoradiographic study of the nucleolus in mature lymphocytes. PMID- 1243222 TI - Mutual potentiation between noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in producing aggregation of canine platelets. PMID- 1243223 TI - Therapeutic defibrination by Bothrops marajoensis-venom. PMID- 1243224 TI - Defective membrane phosphorylation in red cells of a patient with hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 1243225 TI - Antisplenic tissue antibody in aplastic anemia. PMID- 1243226 TI - Production of rat homocytotropic antibodies using low dose, long term oral exposure to penicillin G. AB - Sera from 15 patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin G gave positive responses in the rat mast cell test (RMCT) indicating the presence of IgE-type antibodies in the sera. Five sera were from patients who had had reactions to penicillin 15 to 22 years previously without known re-exposure to this antigen. To explore the possibility that non-therapeutic exposure to penicillin may have produced continued sensitization in these patients, an animal model system was developed to explore the efficacy of low dose, long term oral exposure to penicillin G in rats for producing homocytotropic antibodies in these animals. It was found that when rats were given penicillin G in their drinking water at concentrations of 0.1 to 1 U/ml over a period of 1 to 3 months they produced serum IgE and IgGa antibodies. In addition, IgE antibodies were actively bound to the peritoneal mast cells of these animals. The presence of circulating or cell bound antibodies was detected using the rat mast cell test. It was also shown that rats given penicillin G orally for 1 month were more prone to antibody production after a single intramuscular injection of penicillin G compared to a control group receiving only the intramuscular injection of this antigen. The results of this study are discussed in terms of possible non-therapeutic sensitization towards penicillin G in the human population. PMID- 1243227 TI - Immunological studies on bronchial secretion. I. Antigenic relationship between bronchial secretion and serum: bronchial secretion constituents detected in human sera. AB - Rabbit anti-human bronchial secretion serum yielded, by double gel-diffusion, 5 precipitation bands with the homologous antigen. This anti-bronchial secretion serum reacting with 150 human sera (86 from patients with asthma, 17 from patients with tuberculosis, 25 from patients with other diseases and 22 normal sera) showed 1 to 3 precipitation bands in 136 sera, 4 precipitation bands in 13 sera and 5 precipitation lines in 1 serum. Precipitation bands with identity reactions were obtained when the anti-sputum sera reacted simultaneously with human sera and bronchial secretion. Identity reactions were also obtained when the anti-bronchial secretion serum absorbed with normal human sera reacted with bronchial secretion and human sera from six patients and one normal individual. The number of precipitation bands in some sera was not the same after 1 or 2 years. Based on these immunological data, the physiological concept of expectoration, according to which part of the bronchial secretion may be absorbed, was discussed. PMID- 1243228 TI - The pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. A scanning electron microscopic study. I. The anterior lens surface. AB - The distribution and the surface of pseudo-exfoliation (PE) material on the anterior lens surface has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The lenses were fixed in glutaraldehyde and OsO4, and dried by the critical point method. The PE granules of ther peripheral band may rest upon a basal lamella, which may terminate in a sharp edge bordering the intermediate zone. The basal lamella may continue peripherally beyond the granular peripheral band, towards the lens equator, where the basal lamella may cover the zonular attachment zone. The central disc is considered to be analogous to this lamella. In high magnification it is found that the surface of the granular and the lamellar PE material is formed by an irregular meshwork of tortuous fibrils, which may be coiled as spirals. The diameter of the fibrils is between 500 and 1000 A, and their length may be up to 5 mum. The possibility that these fibrils are a condensation product of mucopolysaccharides is discussed. PMID- 1243229 TI - The pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. A scanning electron microscopic study. II. The posterior chamber region. AB - The distribution of pseudo-exfoliation (PE) material as well as the finer details of its surface has been studied by scanning electron microscopy on the surfaces facing the posterior chamber. The specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde and OSO4 and dried by the critical point method, after careful dissection of the anterior hyaloid surface. Granules and plaques of PE material were found to attach to the iris, to the ridges of the ciliary processes, to the zonules, and along radial stripes on the anterior hyaloid surface, one for each zonule touching this surface. It seems as if the PE material is located mainly on sites on contact between two surfaces. In high mangnification it is found that the surface of the PE material is formed by an irregular meshwork of fibrils, the diameter of which is about 550-700 A. The fibrils are characteristically coiled, partly into regular spirals. The hypothesis is put forward that these fibrils are formed by a condensation of mucopolysaccharides forming the ground substance of the PE material. PMID- 1243230 TI - Double point test with the Goldmann perimeter. AB - A simple accessory to the Goldmann perimeter, permitting simultaneous projection of two targets, is described. The method can be used as a colour saturation test but also for the study of inattention hemianopia. Two cases illustrate its clinical application. PMID- 1243231 TI - Contact probe for corneal temperature measurements. AB - A thermistor probe for corneal temperature measurements is presented. The temperature-sensing cartridge is similar in shape to an electronic tonometer, and the procedure of corneal temperature registration is performed just as easily and in a similar manner as for tonography. PMID- 1243232 TI - Corneal temperature in normal subjects and arterial occlusive disease. AB - A direct, thermo-electrical method of corneal temperature recording is presented. The corneal temperature averaged 33.7 degrees C in normal subjects, with no side difference and no difference between the sexes. The various parameters which may influence the corneal temperature are discussed. The technique was applied to groups of patients suffering from either polymyalgia rheumatica, central retinal artery embolism or temporal arteritis. In the latter group of patients a marked drop in corneal temperature was demonstrated in the affected, or most affected, eye. Corneal temperature measurements are therefore presented as an easy and effective diagnostic approach in temporal arteritis. PMID- 1243233 TI - Acute transient ophthalmomalacia in giant-cell arteritis. Report of a case. AB - Transient bilateral corneal oedema due to ocular hypotension is reported in giant cell arteritis. The greatly impaired visual acuity gradually returned to normal on steroid medication. A visual field defect remained in the left eye. The diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis was confirmed by arterial biopsy. The disease involved the pericranial arteries as well as the ophthalmic artery on both sides, probably also the long ciliary arteries, which might explain the ophthalmomalacia. Apparently, only six cases are on record. PMID- 1243234 TI - Study of relatives of persons with fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule). AB - The frequency of fibrillopathy (pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule) among relatives of persons with fibrillopathy was investigated. Among 203 relatives over the age of 40 years, belonging to 25 families, fibrillopathy was found in 19, or in almost 10%. The frequency was independent of whether the proband had capsular glaucoma or normal intraocular pressure. Capsular glaucoma occurred in five of the 19 relatives. The results suggest that fibrillopathy may occur as a dominant hereditary trait, but it may also be found sporadically. PMID- 1243235 TI - Orbital tumours in infancy. An analysis of Danish cases from 1943-1962. AB - A Danish nation-wide 20-year series of orbital tumours in infancy is reported, making up a total of 80 histopathologically verified cases. Secondary tumours were not included except for a few cases where the initial manifestation of the disease was an orbital mass, suggesting a primary tumour of the orbit. A scant half of the series were benign choristomas. Otherwise there was a considerable share of more serious diseases, often threatening vision and/or life; thus ten embryonal sarcomas and nine optic nerve gliomas were found. The malignancies made up a total of 17 cases. Because of the many medical specialities necessary for prompt diagnosis and efficient therapy, a centralization of the more serious orbital cases is feld mandatory. Considering the rather low overall frequency of orbital tumours, a centralization will not constitute a load numerically; an estimate for Denmark (population 5 million) is about five infantile cases a year. PMID- 1243236 TI - Scleral preplaques and plaques in Eskimos. The incidence in West Greenland Eskimos compared with that in Copenhagen Caucasians. AB - Examination of the eyes of 519 Eskimos in West Greenland revealed preplaques (grey, ill-defined, translucent bands on the sclera anterior to the insertion site of the horizontal recti) in 4% and scleral plaques (well-defined, greyish translucency of the sclera) in 2%. The incidence was found to rise with increasing age. Preplaques are more rarely present in Eskimos than in Copenhagen Caucasians, where the incidence of plaques is the same. The cause of this ethnic difference is discussed. PMID- 1243237 TI - Paralimbal scleromalacia. So-called spontaneous scleral intercalary perforation. AB - A case of unilateral paralimbal scleromalacia (so-called spontaneous scleral intercalary perforation) is presented. The otherwise healthy patient was folowed over a period of more than 10 years. Two years before the condition was diagnosed, the patient had an attack of scleritis in the same eye. The disease was complicated by keratitis and resulted in an eye with light perception only. Scleral tissue from the defect was examined histologically. PMID- 1243238 TI - Treatment of traumatic hyphaema. AB - A series of 131 successive hospitalized cases of traumatic hyphaema after blunt injury of the eye were treated with complete bed-rest for 6 days and double eye patching but without any topical medication. Seven patients (5.3%) had a secondary bleeding. The visual acuities of 115 patients were tested, and 105 regained their normal vision, i.e. 1.0 or over. These results are no better than those reported in series treated with moderate bed-rest for 3-4 days combined with topical administration of corticosteroids and mydriatics. The results indicate that our present treatment may be unnecessarily severe. PMID- 1243239 TI - [Comparative study of the clinical picture and histopathology of lymphoblastoma, lymphocytic infiltration, lymphocytoma cutis and lymphoid papulosis]. PMID- 1243240 TI - Stochastic model of contractions at a point in the duodenum. AB - Contractions at one point in the human duodenum were studied as a time series. Manometric records were made over long time periods from the duodenum in fed human subjects. A 5-s grid was superimposed on the time axis of the records. Each 5-s interval was treated as a slow-wave cycle within which either a contraction or a no-contraction could occur. The resulting series of alternating runs of contractions and no-contractions was tested for the existence of trends. Trends were found indicating possible temporal dependence. A Markov-type model was used to try to generate data similar to the real data. Success was achieved by a model that assumed a probability of contraction dependent on the three previous slow wave cycles. The frequency distributions obtained from the real and generated data were compared using Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests and found to be statistically similar. The correlations in time found for the contractions might be due to a time dependency in the controls for contraction over four successive slow-wave periods, 20 s in humans. PMID- 1243242 TI - [Effect of the diuretic diacarb on the antitumor activity of the antibiotics rubomycin and olivomycin]. AB - Combined use of rubomycin and olivomycin with diacarb in treatment of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma increased the antiblastomic activity of the antibiotics. The antitumor effect of rubomycin and olivomycin was increased by diacarb in the same degree as that of dipin, a synthetic cytostatic. PMID- 1243243 TI - Blunt thoracic trauma in multiple injury. AB - In a series of 102 patients with multiple injury including a blunt lesion of the chest treated in 1970 through 1973 the mortality rate could be reduced to 17 per cent. This compares favourably with a mortality of about 34 per cent in a similar group of patients treated in the same hospital during 1965 through 1969. The improvement is partly due to increasing experience of the surgical and anaesthesiological teams and especially to a better appreciation of the importance of ventilatory pulmonary insufficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome which are frequent in these patients. Early respiratory assistance is indicated in all cases with an instability of the chest wall. The imminence of a respiratory distress syndrome may announce itself by the classical symptoms of an increased breathing rate with hypocarbia before hypoxia becomes manifest. In the majority of patients with a thoracic lesion however the syndrome starts with a combination of increasing dyspnoea and normo- or even hypercarbia. This should be recognized and promptly treated by artificial respiration before acidosis and hypoxia with cardiac arrest can occur. PMID- 1243244 TI - [Population development in the world]. PMID- 1243246 TI - [Family development in the German Federal Republic]. PMID- 1243245 TI - [Surgery of breast cancer]. PMID- 1243241 TI - Pulmonary surfactant: a surface chemistry viewpoint. PMID- 1243247 TI - [Reconstruction surgery of the breast]. PMID- 1243248 TI - [Clinical mammographic plate-thermographic studies of 509 histologically clarified breast tumors]. PMID- 1243249 TI - [Diagnostic occursey of plate thermography in the diagnosis of breast diseases]. PMID- 1243250 TI - [Comparative studies of modern methods in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243251 TI - [Proceedings: Significance of individual malignity criteria such as clinical aspects, mammography and thermography in breast carcinoma prevention]. PMID- 1243252 TI - [Significance of galactography for the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243253 TI - [Gallium 67 studies in the diagnosis of mammographically non-diagnosable breast tumors]. PMID- 1243254 TI - [Value of punch biopsy and rapid histology for the histological diagnosis of breast diseases]. PMID- 1243255 TI - [Value of puncture cytology in the diagnosis of palpable changes of the female mammary gland]. PMID- 1243256 TI - [Mammographic indication for sample biopsy]. PMID- 1243257 TI - [Value of needle biopsy in the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243258 TI - [Results of aspiration cytology in breast tumors]. PMID- 1243259 TI - [Use of aspiration cytology in recurring tumors of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243260 TI - [Pathohistological results in clinically, mammographically and thermographically indicated sample excisions of the breast]. PMID- 1243261 TI - [Course studies in patients with lobular neoplasia of the breast]. PMID- 1243262 TI - [Tumorectomy as a therapy for breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243263 TI - [Proceedings: Indications and results of subcutaneous mastectomy in benign breast tumors]. PMID- 1243264 TI - [Problems of indication and surgical procedure in subcutaneous mastectomy]. PMID- 1243265 TI - [Experiences with plastic surgery of the female breast (augmentation, reduction, lifting)]. PMID- 1243266 TI - [Proceedings: Psychological aspects in augmentation and reduction plasties]. PMID- 1243267 TI - [Results of cytostatic therapy of metastasizing breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243268 TI - [Therapeutic results in metastasizing breast carcinoma following hormonal and cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 1243269 TI - [Protein-bound serum fucose in the diagnosis and course control of malignant breast tumors]. PMID- 1243270 TI - [Biochemical behavior of pyruvate kinase, LDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in breast carcinomas]. PMID- 1243271 TI - [Demonstration of fibrinolytic activity in tumor tissue with special reference to breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243272 TI - [Histochemical findings in breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243273 TI - [Autoradiographic findings in correlation to in-vitro sensitivity of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243274 TI - [In-vitro sensitivity of breast carcinomas against cytostatics. Short-term incubation of original tumor cells and 3H-uridine incorporation]. PMID- 1243275 TI - [In-vivo effect of prolactin-inhibiting substances on the amino-acid incorporation rate into hormone-depending mammary neoplasms of the rat]. PMID- 1243276 TI - [Proceedings: Morphological studies of hormone-depending mammary carcinoma of the rat following irradiation and cytostatic or endocrine therapy]. PMID- 1243277 TI - [Diagnostic acuracy of lymphography in genital carcinomas]. PMID- 1243278 TI - [Estrogen-induced effects as factors in the 5-year survival of uterine carcinoma patients]. PMID- 1243279 TI - [Indications and limitations of mobile irradiation and stationary field therapy in collum carcinoma]. PMID- 1243280 TI - [Preventive irradiation of the vagina in the therapy of uterine carcinoma]. PMID- 1243281 TI - [Malignant degeneration of ovarian neoplasms (cytogenetic and histological studies)]. PMID- 1243282 TI - [Therapeutic results in carcinoma in situ and carcionma stage Ia of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 1243283 TI - [1st results of in-vitro testing of carcinomas against "activated endoxan"]. PMID- 1243284 TI - [Proceedings: Testing of gynecologic neoplasms in tissue culture against cytostatics and hormones with special reference to breast carcinomas]. PMID- 1243285 TI - [Proceedings: Cytophotometric studies on the normal, precancerous and carcinomatous endometrium]. PMID- 1243286 TI - [Proceedings: Quantitative determination of basic amino acids in the cell nucleus of cervix carcinoma and its early stages]. PMID- 1243287 TI - [Comparative experimental studies on carciongenic effect of 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in ovarian tissue of rat and mouse]. PMID- 1243288 TI - [Proceedings: Implantation tissue and the effect of a carcinogenic substance (experimental study in rats)]. PMID- 1243289 TI - [Physiology of miction and etiology of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1243290 TI - [Current status of incontinence diagnosis in the female]. PMID- 1243291 TI - [Minimal clarification program before incontinence surgery]. PMID- 1243292 TI - [Extended clarification program before incontinence surgery]. PMID- 1243294 TI - [Neurogenic bladder]. PMID- 1243293 TI - [Functional forms of irritable bladder, urethritis atrophicans]. PMID- 1243295 TI - [Surgical procedure in stress incontinence]. PMID- 1243296 TI - [Analysis of failures of incontinence surgery]. PMID- 1243297 TI - [Surgery from the gynecologists' viewpoint]. PMID- 1243298 TI - [Surgery of urinary fistulas from the urologist's viewpoint]. PMID- 1243299 TI - [Proceedings: Bacteriological problems in urology]. PMID- 1243300 TI - [Urology. Pannel discussion]. PMID- 1243301 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of urethrocystography]. PMID- 1243302 TI - [Urethrocystography in female urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1243303 TI - [Poly-Urethro-cystography as documentation of surgical correction]. PMID- 1243304 TI - [CO2-urethroscopy for the evaluation of female urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1243306 TI - [Fall of birth rate in Germany from the medical viewpoint]. PMID- 1243305 TI - [Gynecologic changes of position in radiography]. PMID- 1243308 TI - [Urography and radioisotope nephrography before and after typical gynecologic operations]. PMID- 1243307 TI - [Proceedings: Behavior of the female pelvic organs in the radiography picture of urinary insufficiency]. PMID- 1243309 TI - [Objectivization of the surgical effect in incontinence surgery using sphincterometry]. PMID- 1243310 TI - [Apparative and clinical control following Pereyra's technic for incontinence surgery]. PMID- 1243311 TI - [Urokinematographic course controls following radical surgery]. PMID- 1243312 TI - [Lokalisation of urinary tract infections following gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 1243313 TI - [Nephrologic findings before and after gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 1243314 TI - [Urological complications of abdominal and vaginal radical surgery for cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 1243315 TI - [Late study on time-related dependence of bladder function in irradiated uterine carcinoma]. PMID- 1243316 TI - [When should the medicamentous prevention of catheter infection be started?]. PMID- 1243318 TI - [Indication and results of typical incontinence operations in severe incontinence grade II]. PMID- 1243317 TI - [Has the irritable bladder of the female a biological substrate?]. PMID- 1243319 TI - [The Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz technic for urinary incontinence surgery--follow up studies after 9-17 years]. PMID- 1243320 TI - [Long-term controls following inguino-vaginal loop surgery]. PMID- 1243321 TI - [Experience with the dura sling in incontinence surgery]. PMID- 1243322 TI - [Proceedings: Late results of vaginal surgery for vesicovaginal fistula occlusion]. PMID- 1243323 TI - [A special method of urethral implantation in large defects of the bladder wall and in the torn urethra]. PMID- 1243324 TI - [Diagnostic valve of hysteroscopy]. PMID- 1243325 TI - [Comparative results of CO2-hysteroscopy, hysterosalipingography and histology]. PMID- 1243327 TI - [Copoceliotomy for diagnosis, therapy, tubal sterilization]. PMID- 1243326 TI - [Complications of CO2-hysteroscopy]. PMID- 1243328 TI - [Posterior colpocelitomy as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure]. PMID- 1243329 TI - [Proceedings: Hemorrhage in early pregnancy]. PMID- 1243330 TI - [Possible etiological factors of bleedings in early pregnancy]. PMID- 1243331 TI - [Socioeconomic factors]. PMID- 1243332 TI - [Possible influences on child development: nutritional factors]. PMID- 1243333 TI - [Effect of various drugs, administered in the delivery room, on maternal respiration, blood circulation and arterial blood gases]. PMID- 1243334 TI - [Effect of drugs on steroid metabolism in the normal placenta]. PMID- 1243335 TI - [Relationship between endocrine factors HPL, progesterone, estradiol, estriol and glucose assimilation in late pregnancy]. PMID- 1243336 TI - [Influence of maternal glucose metabolism on intrauterine growth dynamics of the fetus]. PMID- 1243337 TI - [Proceedings: Kyematopathological studies in cases of late abortion]. PMID- 1243338 TI - [Drug safety in gynecology]. PMID- 1243339 TI - [Placentation and protein malnutrition]. PMID- 1243340 TI - [Fetal oxygen supply in so-called variable heart-rate decelerations. Occurrence, course and significance of fetal hypoxia in umbilical cord compression]. PMID- 1243341 TI - [Perinatal complications following high-risk early pregnancy]. PMID- 1243342 TI - [Proceedings: Obstetrics in over-45-year-old patients]. PMID- 1243343 TI - [Pregnancy and labor course in women over 40]. PMID- 1243344 TI - [Proceedings: Pregnancy and labor in primiparae aged 10 to 14 years]. PMID- 1243345 TI - [Pregnancy in 296 successfully treated sterility patients during 1966 to 1973]. PMID- 1243346 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in successfully treated sterility patients]. PMID- 1243347 TI - [Clinical aspects of myomatous uterus in pregnancy]. PMID- 1243348 TI - [Premature labor]. PMID- 1243349 TI - [Early recognition and diagnosis of impending premature labor]. PMID- 1243350 TI - [Obesity--hysterectomy--sexuality]. PMID- 1243351 TI - [Acute care of the premature infant]. PMID- 1243352 TI - [Premature labor. Round-table discussion]. PMID- 1243353 TI - [Premature labor in adolescent mothers]. PMID- 1243354 TI - [Prenatal maturity determination of the fetus from amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1243355 TI - [Family planning--aims and practice]. PMID- 1243356 TI - [Physical and biochemical parameters for differential diagnosis of premature labor]. PMID- 1243357 TI - [Influence of corticoids on fetal lung maturity]. PMID- 1243359 TI - [Placental function following surgical therapy of isthmocervical insufficiency]. PMID- 1243358 TI - [Induction of surfactant formation in the fetal lung using bromhexine metabolite VIII]. PMID- 1243360 TI - [Morphological and functional principles of placental insufficiency. Introduction, definitions and classifications]. PMID- 1243361 TI - [Elementary mechanisms of placental function and theoretical development possibilities of placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1243364 TI - [Transport characteristics of glucose in isolated guinea pig placenta]. PMID- 1243362 TI - [Disorders of maternal placenta circulation]. PMID- 1243363 TI - [Treatment of childless marriages in its demographic and social-political significance]. PMID- 1243365 TI - [Morphological aspects of placental insufficiency. Introduction]. PMID- 1243367 TI - [Dependence of sperm motility from the adaptation time]. PMID- 1243368 TI - [Morphological aspects of placental insufficiency. Comments of the moderator]. PMID- 1243366 TI - [Morphological aspects of placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1243369 TI - [Quantitative morphological aspects of placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1243370 TI - [Clinical aspects of placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1243371 TI - [Acute utero-placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1243372 TI - [Morphology and functional principles of placental insufficiency. Morphology of the gestosis placenta]. PMID- 1243373 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic findings on the placenta in EPH gestosis]. PMID- 1243374 TI - [Proceedings: Immunofluorescence microscopy studies on gestosis placentas]. PMID- 1243375 TI - [Proceedings: Morphology of placenta in smokers]. PMID- 1243376 TI - [Placenta morphology and intrauterine growth retardation]. PMID- 1243377 TI - [DNA and RNA determination in normal and pathologically changed placentas]. PMID- 1243378 TI - [Fallopian tube plasty using silastic fimbrial prosthesis]. PMID- 1243379 TI - [Proceedings: Macroscopic and microscopic placenta studies in correlation with HPL determination]. PMID- 1243380 TI - [Dependence of endocrinologic parameters on the enzyme pattern of the placenta]. PMID- 1243381 TI - [Significance of the topography of morphological factors for gas and metabolic exchange in the haemochorial placenta]. PMID- 1243382 TI - [Diaplacentar transport of epsilon-fructose lysin]. PMID- 1243383 TI - [Liberation of placental 17beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in early and late pregnancy]. PMID- 1243384 TI - [Lecithin-sphingomylein quotient and HCS in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1243385 TI - [First experiences with a new thermoprobe for transuterine tubal sterilization]. PMID- 1243386 TI - [Clinical significance of perinatological monitoring methods]. PMID- 1243387 TI - [Central fetomaternal monitoring]. PMID- 1243388 TI - [Ultrasonic criteria for evaluation of pregnancy in the myomatous uterus]. PMID- 1243389 TI - [Intrauterine weight determination of the fetus using ultrasonics]. PMID- 1243390 TI - [Diagnostic examination methods in threatened pregnancy. Panel discussion]. PMID- 1243391 TI - [Low-tension-current coagulation as a sterilization method under hysteroscopic control]. PMID- 1243392 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in high-risk early pregnancy]. PMID- 1243393 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of intrauterine dystrophy]. PMID- 1243394 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities in the second half of pregnancy]. PMID- 1243395 TI - [Electronic analysis of maternal and fetal cardiovascular parameters]. PMID- 1243396 TI - [Tubal sterilization using low-tension current]. PMID- 1243397 TI - [Experimental control of 3 nomogramms for the determination of respiratory gas data in fetal blood]. PMID- 1243398 TI - [Parameters for the description and evaluation of cardiotocography]. PMID- 1243399 TI - [Computers for obstetrics--clinical problems]. PMID- 1243400 TI - [Computers for obstetrics--technical review]. PMID- 1243401 TI - [Evidence of serum HPL level for prognosis of threatening abortion]. PMID- 1243403 TI - [Estrogen-gestagen therapy in early pregnancy]. PMID- 1243402 TI - [HCS concentration in early pregnancy. Comparative studies of 3 immunologic tests]. PMID- 1243404 TI - [Correlations of HCS and progesterone during normal and pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 1243405 TI - [Influence of gestoses on serum steroid concentrations in mother and infant during and after labor]. PMID- 1243406 TI - [Proceedings: HPL, HCG, estriol and blood coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in EPH gestosis]. PMID- 1243407 TI - [Comparative studies on CTG and hormonal parameters in the diagnosis of placenta insufficiency]. PMID- 1243408 TI - [Diagnosis of placental insufficiency through HPL studies]. PMID- 1243410 TI - [Clinical significance of urinary HCG and estrogen excretion in high-risk pregnancies as compared to normal pregnancies]. PMID- 1243409 TI - [Possibilities of temporary sterilization of the female]. PMID- 1243411 TI - [Proceedings: Pregnancy-specific protein (SP-1): clinical aspects]. PMID- 1243413 TI - [Determination of plasma estriol in pregnancy]. PMID- 1243412 TI - [Significance of various chemical control methods in pregnancy in diabetes]. PMID- 1243414 TI - [Plasma concentration of free and bound estrone, estradiol and estriol in normal and pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 1243415 TI - [Possible tumor-inducing effects of intrauterine devices]. PMID- 1243416 TI - [Non-conjugated estrogens in the peripartal period in normal and pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 1243417 TI - [Serum estriol and HPL concentration as well as echographic maturity diagnosis as parameters of placental function]. PMID- 1243418 TI - [Behavior of endocrine parameters and ultrasonic data in severe Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 1243419 TI - [Estrogens and cortisole in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1243420 TI - [Risk of amniotic-fluid infection during amniocentesis]. PMID- 1243421 TI - [Histological findings in IUD-induced tumors of the rat]. PMID- 1243422 TI - [Infection risk for mother and child in premature fetal membrane rupture]. PMID- 1243423 TI - [Minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 1243424 TI - [Amniotic fluid volume determination using inulin]. PMID- 1243425 TI - [Antepartal phenobarbital therapy for the improvement of fetal bilirubin conjugation]. PMID- 1243426 TI - [Continuing respiration monitoring of newborn infants following normal and pathological labor]. PMID- 1243427 TI - [Postpartal buffer therapy of the newborn infant]. PMID- 1243429 TI - [Intrauterine fetal respiration--terminal pathologic procedure or physiologic process?]. PMID- 1243428 TI - [Testing new types of IUD]. PMID- 1243430 TI - [Glucose assimilation and pancreatic function in the diagnosis of latent diabetes in late pregnancy]. PMID- 1243431 TI - [Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion during and after pregnancy]. PMID- 1243432 TI - [A rapid and clinically significant method for the determination of serum oxytocinase]. PMID- 1243433 TI - [Effect of methergine, oxytocin, pyridoxine (vitamin B 6) and quinestrol on prolactin and milk secretion in puerperium]. PMID- 1243434 TI - [Prolactin and estrogen concentrations during drug inhibition of puerperal lactation]. PMID- 1243435 TI - [Surgical obstetrics. Reports and pannel discussion]. PMID- 1243436 TI - [Proceedings: Intrauterine contraception using copper 7-pessary. Experimental report]. PMID- 1243437 TI - [8 years' practical experiences with the intrauterine pessary (colposcopic, cytologic and histologic studies)]. PMID- 1243438 TI - [Indication for cesarean section: clinical aspects]. PMID- 1243439 TI - [Indication for cesarean section: cardiotocographic aspects]. PMID- 1243440 TI - [Perioperative antibiotic prevention in cesarean section]. PMID- 1243441 TI - [Tissue thromboplastin influx in cesarean section]. PMID- 1243442 TI - [Hormonal contraception, tryptophan metabolism and depression]. PMID- 1243443 TI - [Amniotic fluid influx in spontaneous and surgical delivery]. PMID- 1243444 TI - [Perinatal aspects in forceps and vacuum extraction]. PMID- 1243445 TI - [Mode of delivery in breech presentation]. PMID- 1243446 TI - [Proceedings: Prostaglandin gel for the induction of abortion and labor in fetal death]. PMID- 1243447 TI - [Results of therapeutic abortion induction using extra-amniotically administered prostaglandin F2alpha]. PMID- 1243448 TI - [Abortion induction using prostaglandin E2]. PMID- 1243449 TI - [Proceedings: Blood coagulation studies in prostaglandin abortion]. PMID- 1243450 TI - [Proceedings: Behavior of blood progesterone, human chorionic somatomammotropin, estriol and cortisol levels following retroamniotic and intraamiotic administration of prostaglandins]. PMID- 1243451 TI - [Proceedings: Possibilities in the measurement of vital functions of the human uterus in vitro.--A study on the isolation perfused organ]. PMID- 1243452 TI - [Proceedings: Radioimmunologic determination of prostaglandins in plasma]. PMID- 1243454 TI - [Immune reactions against sperma in secretions of the female genital tract]. PMID- 1243453 TI - [Can the prevention of cervix carcinoma be improved?]. PMID- 1243456 TI - [Immunologic relations between mother and child]. PMID- 1243455 TI - [Can a spermatozoa-induced HL-A-sensitization be the cause of female sterility?]. PMID- 1243458 TI - [Proceedings: Serum complement level in pregnancy]. PMID- 1243457 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the serum and amniotic fluid in normal and pathological pregnancy]. PMID- 1243460 TI - [Specific immune reactions in gynecologic neoplasms]. PMID- 1243459 TI - [Immunoglobulins following gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 1243461 TI - [Development and prevention of postoperative infections from the bacteriologic viewpoint]. PMID- 1243462 TI - [Evaluation of factors in the development of hospital infections]. PMID- 1243463 TI - [Practical experiences in the campain against hospital infection]. PMID- 1243464 TI - [Hospital infections with special reference to newborn infants]. PMID- 1243465 TI - [Hospital infections in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 1243466 TI - [Therapeutic results with Semm's coagulator in ectopia of the portio]. PMID- 1243467 TI - [Autoradiographic studies on reciprocal effects between the tubal epithelium and zygote]. PMID- 1243468 TI - [Proceedings: Scanning electron microscopy studies on vaginal smears]. PMID- 1243469 TI - [Proceedings: Electron microscopy studies on the transformation of secretory cylindrical cells into the ciliated cells of the endocervical epithelium]. PMID- 1243470 TI - [Blood coagulation in the postoperative prevention of thromboembolism using heparin]. PMID- 1243471 TI - [Proceedings: Anticoagulant prevention following gynecologist and obstetrical surgery at the University Gynecological Hospital Freiburg from 1953 to 1973]. PMID- 1243472 TI - [Postoperative thrombosis prevention using low-dose heparin]. PMID- 1243473 TI - [Determination of enzymes and catabolic products of connective tissue metabolism and their significance for the diagnosis of venous diseases]. PMID- 1243474 TI - [Changes of thrombocyte function during normal pregnancy and in EPH gestosis]. PMID- 1243475 TI - [Proceedings: Significance of cryofibrinogen and gestation]. PMID- 1243476 TI - [Effectiveness of ultrasonic diagnosis in abortion]. PMID- 1243477 TI - [Morphological stuides on cases of early abortion with special reference to HCG excretion]. PMID- 1243478 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in suspicion of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 1243479 TI - [Fetal abnormalities and chromosome abnormalities in tubal abortion]. PMID- 1243480 TI - [Function and significance of the isthmus uteri mucosa. Enzyme histochemical studies]. PMID- 1243481 TI - [Mycoplasma infestation in gynecologic and obstetrical patients]. PMID- 1243482 TI - [Epidemiology of pathogens from colpitis and infections following gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 1243483 TI - [Perioperative antibiotic prevention in abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy]. PMID- 1243484 TI - [Incidence and causes of wound healing disorders following obstetric and gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 1243485 TI - [Proceedings: Cyclic changes of renin activity, renin substrate concentration and serum aldosterone concentration in the female]. PMID- 1243486 TI - [Hormonal regulation of sexual maturation in female rats]. PMID- 1243487 TI - [Proceedings: Estrogen metabolism in kidney tissue of female rats]. PMID- 1243488 TI - [Influence of the ovarian cycle on protein synthesis of various rat organs]. PMID- 1243489 TI - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of HCG-binding cells in rat ovaries]. PMID- 1243490 TI - [Influence of gestagens and estrogens on rat fetuses in various gestational phases]. PMID- 1243491 TI - [Animal experiments on the influence of the adrenal gland on function and ultrastructure of the corpus luteum]. PMID- 1243492 TI - [Morphologic viewpoints on the etiology of polycystic ovaries]. PMID- 1243494 TI - [Proceedings: Cytologic carcinoma prevention in a venerologic examination unit]. PMID- 1243493 TI - [Cyproterone acetate: effects on the hormonal system in female hirsutism patients]. PMID- 1243495 TI - [Proceedings: Behavior of plasma steriods in hirsutism patients during the administration of dexamethasone-HCG tests]. PMID- 1243496 TI - [Utilization of cyproterone acetate for fertility inhibition in the male. Influence on sexual behavior and sperm biochemistry]. PMID- 1243497 TI - [Use of cyproterone acetate for fertility inhibition in the male. Morphologic changes and influences on sperm motility]. PMID- 1243498 TI - [Experiences with estrogen therapy of gigantism in young girls]. PMID- 1243499 TI - [Proceedings: In-vivo and in-vitro studies of patients with testicular feminization]. PMID- 1243500 TI - [Direct effect of clomiphen on the ovary, as shown by the in-vitro perfused human ovary]. PMID- 1243501 TI - [Cytological and histological findings and course controls in patients following conisation]. PMID- 1243503 TI - [Luteinizing hormone and testosterone in the induced cycle in relation to the normal cycle]. PMID- 1243502 TI - [Influence of prolactin concentration on the tonic LH release (spiking)]. PMID- 1243504 TI - [Steriod and proteohormones in the urine and blood in hydatidiform mole pregnancies following normal and induced ovulation]. PMID- 1243505 TI - [Proceedings: Influence of exogenous on corpus luteum function]. PMID- 1243506 TI - [Central effects of the depot gestagens norgestrel capronate and norgestrel undecylate and their usefulness as long-term contraceptives]. PMID- 1243507 TI - [Differentiated use of steriod hormones in the gynecological practice]. PMID- 1243508 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of 0,5 mg lynestrenol on the normal cycle]. PMID- 1243509 TI - [Effect of oral estrogens on blood coagulation in healthy females during sexual maturity]. PMID- 1243510 TI - [Value and critical significance of differential cytology in precancerous and early stages of cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 1243511 TI - [Proceedings: Demonstration of spermatozoa ascension in the female genital tract as a routine method in sterility diagnosis]. PMID- 1243512 TI - [Nuclear DNA determination as a diagnostic aid in obscure cytologic findings]. PMID- 1243513 TI - [Computer determination of cytological and colposcopical findings on the portio uteri]. PMID- 1243514 TI - [Electronic analysis of colposcopic and cytologic findings in carcinoma in situ]. PMID- 1243515 TI - [Differential diagnostic value of urine cytology in gynecologic neoplasms]. PMID- 1243516 TI - [Value of endometrial cytology in the diagnosis of uterine carcinoma. Modified jet-wash technic]. PMID- 1243517 TI - [Diagnostic aspiration curettage]. PMID- 1243518 TI - [Proceedings: Cytological puncture diagnosis of ovarian tumors]. PMID- 1243519 TI - [Preventive ovarectomy in pre- and postmenopause]. PMID- 1243520 TI - [Roentgenologic and thermographic methods in the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1243521 TI - [Possibilities and limits of breast conserving therapy of carcinoma]. PMID- 1243522 TI - The odors of the human vagina. AB - Gas-chromatography analysis of 90 samples of vaginal secretions from 10 women revealed that at any given sample time the perceptible vaginal odor of each individual women was composed of numerous separate odorous effluents. Almost 2,1000 odoriferous effluents were observed. This corresponded to 16% of all recorded peaks on the 90 gas-chromatograms. The odorous effluents were assigned 34 characteristic odors in three hedonic categories (neutral, pleasant and unpleasant). This information supports the contention that the olfactory signature of an individual is complex, highly individual and composed of many "mini odors". PMID- 1243523 TI - [Practical and theoretical viewpoints in computer-analysis of data from colposcopy,, cytology and histopathology (author's transl)]. AB - In collaboration with the IBM (Basel) a computer program was developed for the analysis of data from cytology, colposcopy and histopathology. Due to the general way of formulation the program-system is applicabel for every kind of problem in natural sciences as well as economics. It is written in FORTRAN. Until now 15 parametric and non-parametric statistical tests are available for the analysis of descriptive or analytical statistical questions. The amount of data to be analyzed is nearly unlimited. Several plot-routines incorporated in the program serve for graphical presentation of distributions of different variables, of scatter-diagrams and computed functions. The internal control of the statistical monitor including the report card-system and the syntax of the input orders (with generation of error messages) are shortly explained. In a sample of 251 random selected patients showing pathological signes of the portio uteri from the department of gynecology of the university Basel the way of working of some subroutines is demonstrated and some general principles of data-acquisition and data-management in medicine are outlined. PMID- 1243524 TI - [Nucleic acid and electrolyte contents in human endometrium during menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of RNA-, DNA-, Magnesium and Calcium tissue contents was performed to have a base for functional studies of biochemical steroid hormone effects on nucleic acid metabolism in human endometrium. DNA and RNA showed a cyclic, paralleled course with a first peak in the preovulatory phase and a second increase in the late secretory phase. In contrast to the Calcium tissue concentration, which showed a continuous decrease from the proliferative to the secretory phase, an increase of Magnesium concentration in the preovulatory phase was found. PMID- 1243525 TI - Creatinine, urea and uric acid in amniotic fluid, maternal and umbilical cord blood at delivery. AB - Amniotic fluid, maternal vein serum and umbilical cord serum were obtained almost simultaneously from 31 women after an uneventful course of pregnancy. Specimens of amniotic fluid contaminated by blood or meconium were excluded. Creatinine, urea and uric acid were measured by autoanalyser techniques. The concentrations of creatinine, urea and uric acid in amniotic fluid were significantly higher when compared with the levels in maternal vein serum or umbilical cord serum. Between maternal and umbilical cord serum there were only small or no differences. The linear correlations of creatinine, urea and uric acid between maternal and umbilical cord serum were greater than those between amniotic fluid and maternal serum of amniotic fluid and cord serum. It is suggested that the high levels of creatinine, urea and uric acid in amniotic fluid are primarily determined by fetal urine. PMID- 1243526 TI - Cancer of the breast, diabetes and pathological glucose tolerance. AB - In a prospective study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Erlangen-Nurnberg, covering the period from January 1st 1971 til December 31st 1973 the incidence of pathological glucose tolerance was examined in 837 women with breast cancer, benign tumours and conditions requiring excision or air cystography and/or mammography because of suspicion of tumour. The glucose tolerance was tested in all patients by oral ingestion with 100 g glucose of i.v. by means of intravenous injection of 0.33 g glucose/kg body weight. The results in 327 women with breast cancer were compared with those in 510 women with benign breast affections. Using matched pairs, the evaluation was done with an electronic data processing system. Diabetogenic factors like age and body weight were thus allowed for. In the total collective 22.3% out of 327 women with breast cancer were manifestly and 6.7% subclinically diabetic. Our findings allow the following conclusions. 1. Manifest diabetes mellitus is found twice as frequently in women with breast cancer compared to women with benign breast affections. 2. In the collective of pairs matched according to age, height and weight (n = 217) 21% of the women with breast cancer have a pathological glucose tolerance, compared with 10% of the women with benign breast affections. 3. Only 25 out of 73 manifestly diabetic women with breast cancer were aware of their metabolic disorder before admission to hospital, whereas 75% of the diabetic women with benign histological findings did know of it. PMID- 1243527 TI - Successful treatment of mastodynia with the prolactin inhibitor bromocryptine (CB 154). AB - Mastodynia has previously been treated with gestagens or gestagen-based ovulation inhibitors with only marginal success. No other satisfactory therapy was available and in the search for a better treatment, the effectiveness of long term administration of the prolactin inhibitor bromocryptine (CB 154) to 15 patients was evaluated. Five of the subjects exhibited mammary secretion as well as mastodynia which, accorind to palpatorial, cytological and X-ray criteria, was not caused by intraductal pathology. After two to four weeks treatment with 5 mg CB 154 per day ten patients recovered fully, three showed some improvement and two were totally resistant to the treatment. Plasma prolactin levels during the follicular stage measured prior to treatment were in the normal range. All the patients continued to ovulate during the course of treatment despite the irrefutable fact that prolactin release from the pituitary was inhibited. Since there was a similar inhibition of prolactin secretion in the two patients who were resistant to treatment, it would seem that prolactin though probably very important, cannot be the only decisive factor in the hormonal control of mystodynia. Further observations showed that the premenstrual syndrome can also be successfully treated with CB 154. Upon withdrawal of treatment the possibility or relapse must be considered. PMID- 1243528 TI - Comparison of testosterone decanoate, drostanolone and testololactone in disseminated breast cancer--a randomized clinical study. AB - It can be said that a single hormone therapy with testosterone decanoate, drostanolone, and testosterone gave similar rates of objective responses in metastatic breast cancer. The presented randomized study has been done to prove whether an additional chemotherapy to hormone applications would further improve therapeutic results. During an observation period of 10 to 16 weeks testosterone decanoate and testolactone in combination with cyclophosphamide have more benefitial effects on the patients than drostanolone plus cyclophosphamide. The combination therapy augmented the rate of objective responses from 22-25 percent to 46-55 percent. PMID- 1243529 TI - [Atypical cysts in the area of the macula sacculi of the guinea pig (author's transl)]. AB - In some guinea pigs cysts in the area of the macula sacculi and along the saccular nerves can be observed. They are built up by a surrounding layer of connective tissue, by a basilar membrane, cylindric epithelia, and by a central space with gelatinous contents. The cylindric epithelia are very similar to the supporting cells in the marginal area of the macula sacculi. A temporary secretory activity of these cylindric epithelia of the cysts is discussed. PMID- 1243530 TI - [Kinetics of resorption in the cochlear perilymph after charging with radionuclides (author's transl)]. AB - The perilymphatic space of the guinea pig's cochlea is filled within 1 to 3 min with an isotonic Ringer solution labelled with a radionuclide. The cochlea is neatly sealed immediately afterwards, thus causing only a minimal disturbance in the inner ear. The animal's cochlea is brought into the strict focus of a small detector as quickly as possible, the decay of activity is continuously controlled for 2 to 10 hrs. The radionuclides used are Cl36, Na22, and Tc99m. The decay of activity of the cochlea is strongly believed to accord to a simple exponential law; half lives range from about one to about three hours. Cl36 and Tc99m were used for the first time in studying cochlear kinetics. PMID- 1243532 TI - [Echography of the paranasal sinuses (author's transl)]. AB - Echography, combined with routine X-rays of the paranasal sinuses, has been used in more than 300 patients. The diagnosis was controlled by clinical examination, endoscopy and operation. The combination of the two techniques reduces the diagnostic error in paranasal sinus disease to 5%. PMID- 1243531 TI - [Experiences with oto-rhinogenous brain abscesses (author's transl)]. AB - The results and conclusions of 43 surgical interventions performed on account of oto-rhinogenous brain abscess are reported. In these patients the infection of brain substance occurred in two ways: 1 by contact propagation and 2. per venous reflux, associated with thrombosinusitis. In the 1. the brain abscess was accompanied by purulent meningitis and the majority of the patients died during the postoperative period. In the 2, the patients operated on account of cerebral abscess developed per venous reflux, improved and became health. In order to get more exact localisation of the abscess there are different radiological auxiliary methods available: in supratentorial abscesses exact informations can be obtained by carotid angiography, while in the cases of infratentorial abscesses the pneumography is helpful, notwithstanding the latter is not fully harmless. As the ideal operative solution the total exstirpation of the abscess with undamaged capsule can be proposed. PMID- 1243533 TI - The effects of a beta-sympatholytic substance, propranolol (Dociton), on protein and alpha-amylase content of the rat-submaxillary gland. PMID- 1243534 TI - Effects of highly dosed ultrasound on the growing rabbit's larynx. Scanning electron microscopic and reflecting ligth microscopic findings. AB - The morphologically recognizable effects of highly dosed ultrasound application on the growing rabbit's larynx (5 Watt/cm2 for 10 min) were studied by means of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and reflecting light microscopic (RLM) methods. It could be shown that the area of cartilaginous necrosis corresponded exactly to the location of ultrasound application and was sharply limited by the normal cartilage. After a survival period of six weeks, areas of chondroneogenesis became visible on the endolaryngeal perichondrium. After a survival period of twelve weeks, an outer zone of cartilaginous necrosis was still to be seen. Connective tissue directly affected by ultrasound and the endolaryngeal muscles did not show any retarded damage. The results of our experiments permit to state that highly dose ultrasound application on the cartilaginous framework leads to a growth retardation with a subsequent alteration in form and shape. PMID- 1243535 TI - [Data processing in electronystagmography (author's transl)]. AB - As a method for objective registration of nystagmic responses electronystagmography gives a lot of information about the state of the vestibulo oculomotor system. Concerning accuracy, reproducibilityand objectivity the commonly used methods for diagnostic interpretation of this material are not quite satisfying. By means of a data acquistion system it is possible to utilize the advantages of the techniques of data processing. In common with fundamental considerations regarding to the choice of the parameters to evaluate the essential parts of the computer-program (calibrations, elimination of interferences, analysis of the fast and slow nystagmic components) are described and examples for the results are shown. PMID- 1243537 TI - [The autoradiographic definition of the proliferation of lymphoblasts in tonsils of children (author's transl)]. AB - The H3-thymidin incorporation index of lymphoblasts in tonsils of 61 children, aged 3-14 years, has been measured posttonsillectomy. The lowest index was found in focal tonsillitis with a maximum in simple hyperplasia. The definition of H3 thymidin incorporation is a good index for cellular immunological activity in tonsils just prior to tonsillectomy. PMID- 1243536 TI - [Connective tissue-silicone foils-tympanoplastics in cases of adhesive processes of the middle ear (author's transl)]. AB - In 1970-1974, tympamoplastics of type I-III were done in 95 patients with adhesive processes of the middle ear (epithelized tympanon, scarred adhesions of the chain, sclerosis of the tympanon etc.) following chronic inflammation or cholesteatoma. In order to avoid renewal of adhesions, to make possible the growth of mucosa and to obtain pneumatisation of the middle ear, 1 to 3 pieces of silicone foil were inserted to each patient into the middle ear. In 21 patients the silicone foil was removed. Technique of insertion and problems of removal of the foil as well as audiollogical postoperative results are demonstrated and discussed. PMID- 1243538 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in the inner ear blood vessels of some mammals. AB - The distribuation pattern of alkaline phosphatase in small blood vessels was studied histochemically in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament of various mammals. No or extremely weak activity of the enzyme was demonstrated in the walls of the blood vessels in bat and rabbit, while moderate to intense activity was found in guinea pig, cat, squirrel monkey and man. There was a species difference in the phosphate metabolism in the walls of the inner ear blood vessels. PMID- 1243539 TI - [Sialoadenosis produced by drug-treatment of hypertonicity. I. Experimental studies on the effects of guanethidine (Ismelin) on the parotid glands of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - 48 rats were treated with the antihypertensive drug, guanethidine; its effects on the parotid glands (alpha-amylase content, protein concentration, and isamylase distribution patterns) were investigated. The treatment significantly increased the amylase activity in the gland extracts as well as the concentration of isoamylases and their specific enzyme activities. Moreover, we found a redistribution of activity between the 4 isoamylases of the parotid glands. The observed changes are the manifestations of a proteodyschylia concomitant with a peripheral neurogenic sialoadenosis. The described alterations are fully reversible within two weeks after discontinuation of the guanethidine application. PMID- 1243540 TI - [On the secretion pressure of the human parotid gland (author's transl)]. AB - The secretion pressure as well as the speed of resorption for saliva and water in the parotid gland is studied by electromanometry in 40 male and 14 female healthy persons on stop-flow conditions in rest and after gustatory stimulation with lemon juice. The course of intraglandular pressure after stoppage and retrograde instillation of pure water is demonstrated by typical diagrams. The essentials are discussed. The mutual relations of the measured parameters and those existing with the age are examined by means of simple correlation and linear regression analysis. Results of this analysis show that the pressure of resting secretion diminishes due to increasing age. With increasing secretory activity of the parotid gland the speed of intraglandular resorption increases, too. Pure water with be resorpted more quickly than saliva. Sex differences are not existing. PMID- 1243541 TI - Role of Passavant's ridge in cleft palate speech. AB - In order to reevaluate the role of Passavant's ridge, 10 adult cleft palate patients with a marked ridge were examined by a radiographic and cineradiographic method. Following results were obtained: 1. Height of the ridge varies with the vowels. 2. Height of the ridge in consonant syllable phonation is not related to velopharyngeal closure required for each consonat but to the succeeding vowels. 3. Tongue position for vowel phonation has a great effect on the appearance of the ridge. In conclusion, formation of Passavant's ridge is not associated with the degree of velopharyngeal closure necessary for the specific speech sound, but it closely related to the tongue position for vowel production. Thus the significance of Passavant's ridge in cleft palate speech remains quite doubtful. PMID- 1243542 TI - Persistent cutaneous fistula in the neck. AB - A cutaneous fistula may develop from an infected tooth. The lesion usually arises without dental symptoms and for this reason is often incorrectly diagnosed. For correct diagnosis intraoral radiographs and essential. Elimination of the infectious process and curettage of the periapical lesion are indicated. Usually no further treatment is warranted. PMID- 1243543 TI - New device for measurement of ocular countertorsion reflex. PMID- 1243544 TI - Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of inner ear disturbance in renal diseases. PMID- 1243545 TI - Ruptured mycotic intracranial aneurysm. PMID- 1243546 TI - Proceedings: B and T cells in canine lymphosarcoma. PMID- 1243547 TI - [Effects of hypothalamic microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on estral cycle and morphology of the genital tract in the female rat (author's transl)]. AB - To determine whether central catecholaminergic pathways are involved in the neural contral of gonadotrophin secretion, they were interrupted at the hypothalamic level by microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The effects on ovulation, estral cycle and ovarian and uterine histology were studied. Microinjections of 50 mug of 6-OHDA hydrobromyde were made bilaterally into the anterolateral hypothalamus in a group of rats. Another group was injected with 25 mug of 6-OHDA, while a control group recieved an equivalent volume (5 mul) of saline with ascorbic acid. Animals injected with 50 mug of 6-OHDA showed blockade of ovulation, vaginal cytology characteristics of persistent estrous, polyfollicular ovaries and enlarged uteri with hypertrophic endometrial glands. In the group injected with 25 mug, similiar effects were demonstrated, but the number of affected animals was smaller than that in the 50 mug group. Control animals dit not show modifications, either in estral cycle or in ovarian and uterine histology. These results suggest that 6-OHDA injected into the anterolateral hypothalmus interferes with catecholaminergic pathways that participate in the neural control of ovulation. PMID- 1243548 TI - Localization of anti-HPL in fetal, placental, and maternal renal tissues. AB - Anti-human placental lactogen (HPL) was given to pregnant rats. An analysis of various tissues including lung, muscle, placenta, kidney and fetal localizes the heterologous antibody at the placenta. It is presumed that whatever destructive effect it has takes place there. PMID- 1243549 TI - [Venereal transmission of hepatitis B?]. PMID- 1243550 TI - Quantitative analysis of micrographs by computer graphics. AB - A computer-aided graphical analysis system is presented which can be used to quantify several types of information from micrographs of cross-sectioned peripheral nerves. A simple input consisting of eight points, corresponding to two diameters of each axon and two for each axon plus myelin, is used to compute statistical and numerical estimates of these diameters, the myelin thickness being expressed as a function of axon diameter, and both the spatial position and distribution of nerve fibres within the bundle. The computer programs presented and summarized here describe the procedure for digitizing the input data and the subsequent computations for editing and analysis. The general applicability of this approach for automated analyses of other anatomical areas is also presented. PMID- 1243551 TI - The ultrastructural localization of calcium in the avian shell gland. AB - Fluctuating concentrations of calcium in the blood supplying the avian shell gland are not reflected at tissue level. Analyses of oviducal mucosa throughout the laying cycle show that the concentration of calcium remains relatively unaltered even at peak activity thereby implying a rapid transfer process. These experiments describe the use of potassium pyroantimonate as a localizing agent. The precipitate produced by injecting the latter via the aorta was identified as calcium pyroantimonate by electron diffraction and the efficiency of the precipitant estimated by neutron activation analysis of eggshells present in the shell gland at the time of operation. Results indicate that calcium is transferred across the surface epithelial cells of the shell gland (tubular and pouch regions). Its localization in the former is taken as an indication of the involvement of this region in the production of the mammillary mantle. PMID- 1243553 TI - Letter: Major Munchausen. PMID- 1243552 TI - [Comparative study on the activity of various anti-inflammatory agents in chronically developing glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1243554 TI - Letter: Deaths due to adverse drug reactions. PMID- 1243555 TI - Letter: High-dose penicillin. PMID- 1243556 TI - Letter: Jogging and health. PMID- 1243557 TI - Letter: Painful teeth and dysglycemia. PMID- 1243558 TI - Letter: Decreased lacrimation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 1243559 TI - Letter: Standardization of drug names. PMID- 1243560 TI - Letter: "Organic food". PMID- 1243561 TI - Letter: Diuretics and nonocclusive infarcts. PMID- 1243562 TI - Letter: "Oblomov syndrome"? ("Oblomov sign"?). PMID- 1243563 TI - Letter: Gastric phytobezoar. PMID- 1243564 TI - Letter: Haloperidol and limb deformity. PMID- 1243565 TI - Nutritional immunity. Host's attempt to withold iron from microbial invaders. PMID- 1243566 TI - Unilateral "Page kidney" hypertension in man. Studies of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system before and after nephrectomy. AB - Hypertension developed in a 17-year-old boy one year after a flank injury. Intravenous pyelography showed a slightly smaller kidney on the injured side. Renal arteriography demonstrated unilateral decreased vascular filling. Renal vein ratios suggested an ischemic kidney, as did split-function studies. Nephrectomy cured the hypertension. Detailed studies before and after nephrectomy suggested that hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may participate in the pathophysiology of this unusual cause of hypertension in man. PMID- 1243567 TI - Screening for bone metastases. Are only scans necessary? AB - The results of total skeletal scintigraphy with technetium 99m-labeled diphosphonate in 200 patients with biopsy-proven primary cancer demonstrated abnormalities in 114; 57 had normal roentgenograms. In 32 of the 57 patients, the abnormalities were ascribed to malignant lesions. This is a false-negative rate of 17% for the roentgenographic examinations. Only three patients had abnormal roentgenograms but normal scans, a yield of 1.6% false-negative scans. In a comparison of scan and roentgenographic findings with the skeleton divided into 12 regions, 119 of 160 abnormalities seen on scans but not on roentgenograms were attributed to tumor. Only five of 17 regions that were abnormal on roentgenogram but not on scans were unexplained false-negative findings. Thus, on a regional basis, the yields of false-negative roentgenograms and scans were 9.1% and 0.4%, respectively. PMID- 1243568 TI - Paracervical block with low doses of chloroprocaine. Fetal and maternal effects. AB - Results of 261 paracervical blocks done with a dose of 12 ml of 1% chloroprocaine hydrochloride solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine were recorded. The blocks were followed by abnormal heart rate patterns for 3 to 15 minutes in six of 104 (5.8%) of the fetuses. Excellent pain relief was obtained with 142 of 172 blocks or 83%. One fetus died owing to multiple congenital anomalies. Paracervical blocks performed as described are completely safe for the mother and do not affect Apgar scores. Potential fetal risks are acceptable when considered in light of the ease of administration and the amount of pain relief obtained. PMID- 1243569 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome. Clinical management. AB - Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is an acute or subacute oncologic emergency with typical clinical features. The syndrome is almost invariably secondary to a malignant process. The treatment of choice is irradiation, but in resistant cases or in those instances in which radiation tolerance is achieved, either surgery or chemotherapy, or both, may play a crucial role. The major pitfalls in management relate to attempts to establish the site of obstruction and to obtain specific tissue diagnosis. PMID- 1243571 TI - Colchicine for periodic peritonitis. AB - After 25 years of unsuccessful therapeutic trials, colchicine suppressed episodes of periodic peritonitis (recurrent polyserositis, familial Mediterranean fever) in most reported cases after 1972 and in 12 of 14 patients in this study. Dosage of 0.65 mg daily was continuous, but intermittent therapy timed in accordance with predicted episodes is under trial. Suppression of episodes by the drug serves as the only diagnostic test available. PMID- 1243570 TI - Limb malformations following maternal use of haloperidol. AB - A second case of severe limb malformations was observed following maternal use of haloperidol early in the first trimester of pregnancy. Haloperidol is teratogenic in mice, and may be teratogenic in humans. PMID- 1243572 TI - Editorial: Another possible teratogen? PMID- 1243573 TI - Editorial: JAMA en espanol. PMID- 1243574 TI - Editorial: Dysphagia in parkinsonism. PMID- 1243575 TI - Editorial: "Bloody Saturday". PMID- 1243576 TI - B-scan ultrasound in the management of abdominal masses in children. PMID- 1243577 TI - [Lymphoblastif lymphoma (contribution to its prognosis)]. AB - The authors report a case of lymphoblastic lymphoma in a woman of 41 years, with characteristic skin lesions, long evolution and relative benignity (good general condition, lymph nodes, liver and spleen not palpable, and the bone marrow study was normal). We wish to underline the existence of a Monoclonal Disglobulinemia (Paraproteins in the zone of Inmunoglobulin M); this observation was made in some cases of leukemia. This laboratory data would be of a prognostic value, indicating a rapid malign evolution, in contrast with other clinical and laboratory manifestations. PMID- 1243578 TI - The role of the combination of sucrose and milk products in diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 1243579 TI - Five complementation groups in xeroderma pigmentosum. AB - A collaborative study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the three DNA repair complementation groups in xeroderma pigmentosum found at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and the four groups found at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. The results of this study reveal that there are five currently known complementation groups in xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 1243580 TI - [Knee complaints]. PMID- 1243581 TI - [Radiography of the knee]. PMID- 1243582 TI - [Present-day problem of disorders of the endocrine function of the thyroid gland in children]. PMID- 1243583 TI - [Association of chronic Hashimoto's thyroiditis with collagen diseases in children]. PMID- 1243585 TI - [Practice of lobotomy at Matsuyama Mental Hospital]. PMID- 1243584 TI - [Lessons gained from the debate on psychosurgery--respect for individuality of mental patients]. PMID- 1243586 TI - [Psychosurgery in a public mental hospital]. PMID- 1243587 TI - [Lobotomy at Hokuzen Hospital]. PMID- 1243588 TI - [Lobotomy at Rakunan Hospital]. PMID- 1243590 TI - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis: its frequency in our area]. PMID- 1243589 TI - [Effect of B1, B2 and B6 vitamins on gastro-pancreatic enzymes (author's transl)]. AB - Based in a former work the authors made an "in vitro" verification about the action of pure and isolated B1, B2 and B6 on the digestive enzymes. After many experiments they came to the following conclusions: 1. Pure and isolated vitamins B1, B2 and B6 have no effect on the clotting of milk. 2. Vitamins B1 and B2 delay the action of the digestive enzymes on the clotting of milk. 3. Vitamin B6 can be considered an activator, diminishing the time enzymes takes to produce clotting of milk. Afterwards they make commentaries and relate the analogy of the results with those of other authors when studying the action of pure and isolated vitamins in other biological branches and in animals. PMID- 1243591 TI - [Lymphoma in a family (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243592 TI - [Liquid, semiliquid and pasty diets]. PMID- 1243593 TI - [Milk in the diet and therapy in adults. Advantages and drawbacks]. PMID- 1243594 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on experimental paralytic ileus. PMID- 1243595 TI - HL-A antigens in Japanese Patients with Graves' disease. AB - A group of Japanese were investigated for evidence of an association between Graves' disease and HL-A. Forty-four patients with the disease and 83 normal, unrelated random Japanese and Japanese-American controls were selected for study. The frequency of the W5 antigen among patients (57%) was significantly (P less than .0001) greater than among controls (20%). Of the 34 patients with abnormally elevated serum levels of anti-(thyroid) microsomal (anti-M) auto-antibodies, 56% had the W5 antigen. In contrast, of 48 control individuals tested for anti-M, only seven were seropositive and none (0%) of the seven had the W5 antigen. As expected the HL-A8 antigen was absent from this non-Caucasian population. These data demonstrate that the W5 antigen in Japanese, analogous to the HL-A8 antigen in Caucasians, is associated with Graves' disease but not with anti-M seropositivity in controls. The occurrence of different HL-A antigens in association with the same disease in different ethnic groups requires that the use of a major histocompatibility system antigen as a disease susceptibility marker must be confirmed for each ethnic group under study. PMID- 1243596 TI - [Some problems of expertise in venereal disease infection]. PMID- 1243597 TI - [Experimental study of selective mesentericography in acute intestinal obstruction]. AB - Experimentally on 76 animals (dogs) the authors have studied some diagnostic opportunities of angiography in various forms of acute intestinal obstruction: strangulation, obturation and paralytic (in peritonitis) types. Angiographic symptoms of an organic origin proved to be mainly typical for strangulation obstruction. Symptoms of a functional character reflecting disorders in mesenteric hemocirculation were found to be equally pronounced in all kinds of intestinal obstruction, these consisted in a retarded linear rate of arterial and venous blood flow, in particular. PMID- 1243598 TI - [Toxicity of cotton oil-seed meal for poultry]. PMID- 1243599 TI - [Influence of multiple insemination on the titer of spermatoagglutinins in the blood serum of cows]. PMID- 1243600 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hypothalamic forms of thyrotoxicosis and diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 1243601 TI - [Leg injuries due to accidents (review of literature)]. PMID- 1243602 TI - [Proceedings: Structure and dynamics of lipid membranes]. PMID- 1243603 TI - [Food habits and serum lipids in adolescents]. AB - Serum lipids of a representative sample of eighth grade Basle school children were found practically all within normal range and hardly affected by the frequency of regular meals, milk and fat. The prospective significance of eating habits seems more important than the immediate effect on blood lipid levels. PMID- 1243604 TI - [Food habits, triceps skinfold thickness and body mass in adolescents]. AB - Frequency of regular meals, milk and fat consumption were found negatively correlated with triceps skinfold and body mass index in a representative sample of eight grade Basle School Children confirming an interaction of eating habits and anthropometric measurements. PMID- 1243605 TI - [Geographic distribution of diseases with natural foci and an epizootologic epidemiologic study of the western Ukraine]. PMID- 1243606 TI - The amenorrhoea-galactorrhea syndrome: present diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. AB - Recent progress in the field of radioimmunology, especially as regards prolactin (PRL) assay, as well as the use of new drugs have opened new perspectives for a better understanding of the "amenorrhoea-galactorrhea syndrome" both from the diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. This syndrome which formerly was considered infrequent, is now observed more and more often, perhaps as a result of the more widespread use of drugs such as phenothiazines, reserpine derivatives, alpha-methyldopa and tricyclic antidepressants, as well as owing to the large-scale use of estrogens and above all of estrogen-progestogen contraceptives. The problems of etiopathogenesis and management of the amenorrhea galactorrhea syndrome are complicated by the fact that a variety of factors are responsible, as is shown also by the classical nosographic classification with the Forbes-Albright syndrome in the presence of a pituitary tumour, the Chiari Frommel syndrome of amenorrhea-galactorrhea following pregnancy, and the Argonz del Castillo-Ahumada syndrome in the absence of lither pregnancy or tumor. PMID- 1243607 TI - [Role of knee menisci in the transmission of articular forces]. PMID- 1243608 TI - [Immunological studies of blood of women with pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1243610 TI - [Reporting of venereal diseases. Survey of the Antwerp region, 1974]. PMID- 1243609 TI - Evaluation of the ligation of the hepatic artery and regional arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of primary and secondary cancer of the liver. AB - Ligation of the hepatic artery was carried out in 23 patients with primary and secondary cancer of the liver. The survival time correlated well with the amount of tumor tissue in the liver. Ligation of the hepatic artery prolonged the survival time of the operated patients when compared with the untreated group, and, in addition, yielded good palliation. In appropriate cases, the most promising result in the treatment of hepatic malignancies was achieved by liver resection two to four months after the initial ligation of the hepatic artery, whereas from our experiences the final value of regional arterial chemotherapy is still unsettled. Very promising results were achieved by ligation in the treatment of liver metastases from lymphosarcoma of the stomach, which responded especially well to this kind of therapy. PMID- 1243611 TI - [Retroperitoneal fibrosis with cholestatic onset 4 years before malignant lymphoma]. AB - A 9 year old boy presented an "idiopathic" retroperitoneal fibrosis. Fibrosis extended to the liver, compressing the major biliary tree, the portal vein, the urinary tract and the inferior vena cava. The process led two successive bilio digestive shunts and was controlled after one year corticosteroid treatment. A malignant lymphoma was responsible for the death which occurred 4 years after the initial symptoms of retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 1243612 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinomas of the cervix uteri. I. Numerical chromosome abnormalities (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of chromosome numbers of 9 dysplasias, 25 carcinomas in situ, 4 carcinomas in situ with microinvasion and 16 invasive squamous carcinomas (at least clinical stage I b) of the cervix uteri showed that the numerical deviations of the chromosome number cannot be differentiated in principle between the carcinoma in situ, carcinoma in situ with microinvasion and invasive squamous carcinoma groups. The only remarkable finding is that cells in the triploid region appear somewhat more frequently in the invasive squamous carcinoma group. The dysplasia group has in general less numerical chromosome deviations than the other three groups. Chromosome gains seldom occur in this group, chromosome losses appear to be a more frequent event. PMID- 1243613 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinomas of the cervix uteri. II. Structural chromosome abnormalities. Karyotype deviations (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of karyotypes was possible in 17 preinvasive lesions (3 dysplasias, 14 carcinomas in situ) and 15 invasive lesions of the cervix uteri (3 carcinomas in situ with microinvasion, 12 invasive squamos carcinomas - at least clinical stage I b). With regard to the structural chromosome abnormalities or karyotype deviations in this study the preinvasive lesions analysed could not be differentiated in principle as a group from the invasive lesions. The question of whether the dysplasia group would be different on further investigation with more cases and could be differentiated like the numerical deviations cannot yet be answered, because of the small numbers, only preinvasive lesions and invasive lesions could be studied comparatively as groups. PMID- 1243615 TI - [Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis]. AB - Report of a case of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis which is characterized by the occurrence of multiple benign leiomyomas of multicentric origin below the peritoneum. Usually they appear in the course of pregnancy and are prone to regress after delivery. Therefore a hormonal induction appears probably. In regard of the favourable prognosis this lesion must not be mistaken for a metastasizing leiomyosarcoma in order to avoid inadequate serious therapeutic measures. PMID- 1243616 TI - Attitudes of men toward contraception. AB - This report describes a pilot study conducted to determine the attitudes of men toward contraception. A questionnaire elicited responses from 436 males regarding: Personal data; contraceptive responsibility; contraceptive knowledge; use of contraception and preference for future methods. Results include attitudes toward contraceptive responsibility, assistance to pregnant partners and knowledge regarding eight common contraceptives. Usage of contraceptives in general and condoms and withdrawal specifically is reported. Preference for eight common contraceptive methods is also presented, along with data on delay of intercourse due to lack of contraceptives, partners' requests for male use of condoms/withdrawal and attitudes toward dissemination of contraceptive material to the public. Also reported are attitudes toward development of new contraceptives, use of male sterility shots or pills and the prices that men would pay for newly developed male contraceptives. The most preferred male contraceptive for future development is reported. It was concluded that the survey form and methodology were valid; that men desired to participate in family regulation; that the majority of men placed a low economic value on male contraceptives and finally that the overwhelming majority of men wanted contraceptive information to be widely disseminated in the public. PMID- 1243617 TI - [Dermoid cysts of the greater omentum (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of dermoid cysts of a complex type in the greater omentum has been discussed. In report of a case the matrix of tumor originates from the supernumerary ovary of otherwise normal adnexa, and becomes implanted in the greater omentum by autoamputation as a result of peduncle torsion. This is an observation which contributes to the explanation of the histogenesis of teratomic cysts in the greater omentum. PMID- 1243618 TI - Dieldrin and DDT in the tissues of mice fed aldrin and DDT for seven generations. AB - Seven-Generation Study (P-F6): The concentration and total retention of dieldrin or p,p'-DDT and metabolites were determined in the total carcass of Swiss-Webster mice fed dietary supplements of aldrin 5 or 10 ppm, or DDT 100 ppm, to age 260 days. All groups showed a significant increase in total body retention (and concentration) of dieldrin or total DDT in the total carcass of the F1, F2, and F3 generations. Generally, these increases were related directly to increases in total body lipids, when compared with the P generations. The control (pesticide free) diet was fed to all F4 generation experimental mice from weaning to age 260. The pesticides absorbed by these animals while in utero and via lactation were found, at the time of sacrifice, to have been excreted completely. When the experimental diets were resumed with the weanlings of the F2 generations, a repetition of the general findings in the P and F1 generations was noted demonstrating that pesticide retention and total body lipids are closely interrelated, and that a high body lipid content favors a high retention rate of these fat-soluble pesticides. These results support our earlier studies in rats (Deichmann et al., 1972) and investigations with cirrhotic human livers with severe fatty infiltration (Oloffs et al., 1974). Conception became more delayed with each succeeding generation, requiring some degree of "selective" breeding of the F4, F5, and F6 generations. PMID- 1243614 TI - Cytogenetic studies of preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinomas' of the cervix uteri. III. Survey and interpretation of the results reported in the literature. AB - Summary. Cytogenetic studies were performed of 54 preinvasive carcinomas and invasive squamous cervix carcinomas altogether. The chromosome number could be determined in 9 dysplasias, 25 carcinomas in situ, 4 carcinomas in situ with micro-invasion and 16 invasive squamous carcinomas (at least clinical stage Ib). It was shown that carcinomas in situ, carcinomas in situ with microinvasion and invasive squamous carcinomas could not be differentiated from each other in principle as groups with regard to numerical chromosome deviations... PMID- 1243619 TI - The comparative ophthalmic toxicology of 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) and dibenz(b.f)-1:4-oxazepine(CR). AB - Rabbit eyes were contaminated with 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) and dibenz(b.f)-1:4 oxazepine (CR) in solution (1 to 10% in polyethylene glycol 300), as a solid (0.1 to 5 mg), and as aerosols (15 min exposure to 360 to 719 mg/m3). In solution, CN caused marked and persistent inflammatory effects, the severity and duration being related to the concentration used. Corneal damage was marked and persistent with 5 and 10% solutions; the lowest concentration causing just detectable keratitis in a small proportion of animals was 2%. Solid CN was even more damaging to the eye than similar amounts in solution. In marked contrast, CR in solution caused mild to moderate inflammatory effects, usually of only a few days duration, even at the higher concentrations. With 1 and 2%, these effects were just detectable to mild, lasting for 24 hrs or less. 10% CR caused just detectable keratitis of usually only a few days duration; the lowest concentration causing just detectable keratitis in a small proportion of treated animals was 5%. Solid CR merely caused minor irritation of the conjunctivae and eyelids for about 1 hr. Aerosols of CN and CR did not damage the eye, but irritation of the lids and conjunctivae was more marked and persistent with CN. Solutions of CN and CR caused concentration-related increases in corneal thickness and intraocular tension, being more marked and sustained with CN. PMID- 1243620 TI - Studies on the toxicology of hexachlorobenzene. I. Pharmacokinetics. AB - In female rats dosed orally with 14C-hexachlorobenzene the extent of intestinal absorption of carbon-14 has been found to be dependent on the form of application. When the substance was given as a solution in oil about 80% of the dose administered was absorbed, but when given as an aqueous suspension only 6%. In animals treated with 14C-hexachlorobenzene dissolved in oil, all tissues contained radioactivity. Highest levels were found in adipose tissue, lowest in blood and muscle. Peak values of radioactivity were reached between 2 to 5 days after application. Elimination was studied after intraperitoneal application of 4 mg/kg14C-hexachlorobenzene dissolved in oil. Two weeks after administration, 34% of the radioactivity administered was recovered in the feces and 5% in urine. About 80% of carbon-14 excreted in feces and about 4% in urine was contained in the unchanged drug. This indicates that biodegradation of hexachlorobenzene in the rat is not insignificant. No radioactivity was detected in the expired air. PMID- 1243622 TI - Biliary excretion of 64Cu, 65Zn and 203Hg in the rat with liver injury induced by CCl4. AB - In rats the effect of a chronic administration of CCl4 on the excretion and disstribution of 64Cu, 65Zn, and 203Hg was investigated. The bilary excretion of these metals was studied with particular attention. It was found that total excretion of 64Cu, 65Zn, or 203Hg from the organism did not change significantly in comparison with the control groupp, but the ratio of individual excretion pathways did change. The course of excretion curves regarding the bile in exposed animals is prolonged. The histologic examination of the livers revealed a large interindividual variability in the response of the liver tissue to the same CCl4 exposure. Differences in distribution in the kidneys and livers in exposed and control animals was also found. PMID- 1243621 TI - Influence of chelation therapy on acute lead intoxication in rats. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of Pb acetate (5 x 20 mg Pb/kg per day) evokes a moderate and transient hypochromic anemia, a long-lasting enhanced urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid whereas the urinary excretion of alkaline phosphatase is not affected and that of lactic dehydrogenase only marginally. It is concluded that neither the hematologic response nor the slight nephrotoxicity are responsible for the lethal action of Pb. Chelate treatment started 3 days after the last Pb dose and was continued over 7 weeks. The daily intraperitoneal dose was 25, 50, and 100 mumol/kg, respectively. The efficacy in promoting the urinary excretion of Pb decreased in the following order: Ca diethylenetriaminepentaacetate greater than 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate greater than Zn diethylenetriaminepentaacetate greater than D-penicillamine. This effect was mainly due to the mobilization of skeletal Pb. The chelating agents also lowered the excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid but failed to exert a beneficial influence on the anemia and the lethal action of Pb. These negative results raise questions about the usefulness of chelation therapy in cases of acute Pb poisoning. PMID- 1243623 TI - [Quantitative determination of lead in blood, urine and bone by anodic stripping voltammetry (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of lead in blood, urine and bone (0.5 to 1.0 g blood, 5 to 10 ml urine, approx. 200 mg bone ash) by anodic stripping voltammetry is described. Blood samples are decomposed with nitric acid/perchloric acid, urine samples with nitric acid/perchloric acid/sulfuric acid. Bones are dry-ashed at 450 to 500 degrees C previously. The interference of iron in the analysis of blood samples is removed by adding citrate and adjusting the pH to approx. 3.5. PMID- 1243624 TI - Salicylate removal by charcoal haemoperfusion in experimental intoxication in dogs:an assessment of efficacy and safety. AB - The removal of salicylate by extracorporeal circulation of blood through a column of encapsulated activated charcoal (haemoperfusion) has been studied experimentally in intoxicated dogs (greyhounds). The average time taken to reduce the whole blood salicylate level to one-half of the initial equilibrium level in 30 kg dogs was 2 hrs. A half-life of 3 hrs is predicted for salicylate removal by haemoperfusion in a 70 kg man and this rate of removal is shown to be comparable to that reported for haemodialysis. No unacceptable adverse physiological, biochemical, or haematological effects were found to result from haemoperfusion. The possible use of this technique in the management of severe salicylate poisoning in man is discussed. Haemoperfusion is foreseen as providing a method of rapid removal of salicylate in circumstances where forced diuresis is contra indicated or inadequate and haemodialysis is not readily available. PMID- 1243625 TI - Relationship between activation of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by heating and blood lead level. AB - Both blood lead and erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity were determined for workers with and without an occupational lead exposure. In workers occupationally exposed to lead, it was demonstrated that the erythrocyte ALA-D is markedly activated by heating the hemolysate at 60 degrees C for 5 min and there is a good positive correlation between the ratio of heated to nonheated ALA-D activity and the blood lead level (r=0.799). In addition, by heating the hemolsyate, the ALA-D activity of the lead-exposed workers appears to be returned into the normal range regardless of the extent of lead absorption. However, in normal workers without the occupational lead exposure, no significant correlation was found between the ratio of heated to nonheated ALA-D activity and the blood head level, although the normal ALA-D also can be slightly activated by heating the hemolysate at 60 degrees C for 5 min. PMID- 1243626 TI - [Metabolism of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in rats]. AB - 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole[5-(14)C] was administered orally to rats as a single dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Excretion in urine and feces was followed during a period of 3 days. Within the first 24 hrs the main part of the radioactivity was found in the urine as unchanged amitrole. 3-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and 3 amino-1,2,4-triazolyl-(5)-mercapturic acid were isolated from urine and identified by comparison with synthetic compounds. The total amount of these metabolites in the urine was about 6% of the dose. The metabolic pathways of amitrole and the possible relations between biotransformation and toxicity are discussed. PMID- 1243628 TI - Lack of the correlation between biochemical effects on rats and blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in various conditions of single acute exposure to carbon monoxide. AB - The relationship between conditions of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and biochemical effects was investigated in experiments on rats. The magnitude and the time of biochemical disturbances in the tissues resulting from two different exposures consisting of 1 Vol.-% CO for 4 min and 0.4 Vol.-% CO for 40 min respectively were compared. In both cases, at the end of exposure the same level of blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) (about 50%) was reached. The biochemical determinations in the blood (pH, glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and brain tissue (lactate, pyruvate) were carried out immediately after termination of the exposure and after the time periods of restitution. CO exposure resulted in a decreased blood pH, increased level of blood glucose, as well as that of lactate and pyruvate both in blood and brain tissue. These changes were much more pronounced following the "longer-lesser" exposure than after the "shorter intense" one, although blood concentrations of COHb was the same. The observed phenomenon puts some light on the frequently encountered lack of the correlation between COHb level in blood and severity of CO intoxication in clinical practice. PMID- 1243627 TI - Motor nerve conduction velocity after carbon monoxide or m-dinitrobenzene poisoning following elimination of the poisons. AB - 24 hrs after acute carbon monoxide or m-dinitrobenzene poisoning (about 60% CO-Hb or Met-Hb) the sciatic motor conduction velocity of rats is significantly reduced by 33% and 16% respectively. Whereas 48 hrs after methemoglobinemia the nerve conduction is normal, a retardation is detectable even 4 weeks following carboxyhemoglobinemia. Also, 4 weeks after single carbon monoxide intoxication producing a mean CO-Hb content of 19%, the motor conduction velocity is significantly decreased. This effect may be useful for detection of carbon monoxide intoxication after elimination of the poison. The results show that there are carbon monoxide effects independent of blockade of hemoglobin. PMID- 1243629 TI - Ferrihemoglobin and kidney lesions in rats produced by 4-aminophenol or 4 dimethylaminophenol. AB - 4-Dimethylaminophenol hydrochloride (DMAP), 20mg/kg i.v., was found to oxidize in rats as much as 50% of the hemoglobin to ferrihemoglobin but did not cause kidney lesions. 4-Aminophenol hydrochloride, 400 mg/kg i.v., oxidized only 25% of the hemoglobin and produced large tubular necroses. In highly toxic doses only, e.g., twice the LD50, DMAP also produced tubular necroses. PMID- 1243630 TI - [Lymphomatous infiltration of the heart. Study of the heart conduction system]. PMID- 1243632 TI - Subtotal pharyngolaryngectomy conservation surgery for carcinoma of sinus pyriformis extending toward the larynx. AB - In newly developed surgery for pyriform sinus tumor extending toward the larynx, the supraglottic portion of the larynx and the vertical half of the larynx on the tumor side are included in the area of resection. The arytenoid and cricoid cartilages on the tumor side and the vertical half of the hypopharyngeal wall are resected. Three out of seven patients remain cured at the end of 5 years and this ratio is the same as that for total pharyngolaryngectomy for pyriform sinus tumor. The resulting voice is somewhat hoarse, however, verbal communication is not remarkably affected. It is concluded that in surgical repair for pyriform sinus tumor extending toward the larynx, subtotal pharyngolaryngectomy is the procedure of choice to preserve the laryngeal function and anticipate reasonable prospects for a cure. PMID- 1243631 TI - [The significance of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation and free fatty acids by functional disorders of the internal ear (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in the early phase of thrombosis as well as in the development of degenerative vascular wall processes has today become an established fact. In this connection the plasmalipids are of special interest, of which the free fatty acids (FFA) represent a sensitive indicator both for the adrenergic reactivity of the organism and the process of stress-conditioned circulatory reactions. In the present study 65 clinical cases with functional disorders of the internal ear were examined regarding to the platelet adhesiveness and FFA, differtiating only between sudden loss of hearing (n=28) and functional disorders of different symptomatology (n=37). Our preliminary statistics showed in 64% of the patients with a sudden loss of hearing mainly an average, and in 84% of the 37 examined functional disorders of different symptomatology a slight to a high increase in the adhesiveness. The FFA concentrations increased in approximately 90% of the 23 examined cases with functional disorders of the internal ear. It is remarkable, that the measured adhesiveness and serum-FFA-concentrations are comparable to the high values obtained from atheromatous vascular processes, venous thrombosis, cardial and cerebral infarctions, intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiency as well as from transient impaired vision caused by microembolism. Even if the high percentage in the FFA-increase, under strictest observance of the patient's resting position at the time of the blood withdrawal, is presumably much below the measured value, it still indicates an increased tonus of the sympathetic nervous system in the majority of the examined patients. The clinical satisfactory results obtained after timely applications of numerous agents inhibiting aggregation and adhesiveness, as well as reducing the lipids, also indicate a process of stress conditioned circulatory reactions and the existence of atheromatous respectively thrombo-embolic vascular processes in a number of acute or intermittent functional disorders of the internal ear. PMID- 1243633 TI - Some thoughts on the perception of ultrasonics by man. AB - After a short specification of the ultrasonic transmitter device by which the test frequencies of 20,40,60 and 100 kHz could be emitted by means of a transmitter fixed to the forehead of the subject with constant pressure, the mean perception threshold for ultrasonics is described, which had been recorded by using the wide-band noise of the audiometer MA 30. Both curves do not differ considerably so that ultrasonic investigations can be carried out in the presence of working noise without producing wrong measurement results. A comparison of perception between ultrasonic frequencies and audio frequencies in the hearing range showed that ultrasonics produce, independent of the stimulation frequency, the same sensory impression as a sound at a frequency of about 12 or 13 kHz. Applying this method to hard of hearing subjects with noise induced hearing damages and deaf subjects had the following results: 1. Subjects with noise induced hearing damages very early have a raised perception threshold for ultrasonics. There was no correlation between the extent of the auditory threshold (the shift of the threshold) and the perception threshold of ultrasonics. 2. Deaf people almost without exception are not able to perceive ultrasonics. 3. With hard of hearing of the inner ear of different genesis ultrasonic perception is varying. There was no particular raise of the ultrasonic perception threshold with hereditary hard of hearing of the inner ear. 4. On the basis of the results the question is discussed in which section of the auditory system ultrasonic perception occurs. In the opinion of the authors the origin of perception might be in the organ of Corti itself. An unambiguous proof, however, could not be found so far. At present the procedure of investigation does not yet allow an application in practical diagnostics of ear specialists. PMID- 1243635 TI - Goblet cells in the developing rhinopharynx and pharynx. AB - In 60 foetuses and prematures, ranging in age from the 10th to the 30th menstrual week, the entire mucous membrane from the rhinopharynx and pharynx was removed and stained in toto with PAS-alcian blue, PAS, and osmium whole-mount methods. The development, spread, and density of goblet cells as well as the differentiation of the epithelium were studied. Goblet-cell development started in the 12th week, 3-4 weeks later than the development of ciliated cells, below the tubal orifice. Thereupon, goblet cells gradually spread behind the tubal orifice, towards the roof and further on to the nose. Thus, by the 17th week goblet cells and ciliated cells are present throughout the rhinopharynx and in the upper half of the pharynx. In the lower half of the rhinopharynx and upper part of the pharynx as well as in the posterior wall, the density is fairly low during the first weeks, and later it becomes even lower. In these sites the epithelium differentiation into startified squamous and transitional epithelium. In the roof of the rhinopharynx and in the fossa of Rosenmuller the density increases steadily, and in these sites respiratory tract epithelium is present. Transformation of the epithelium, which originally contains ciliated cells and goblet cells, into startified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium is instituted at an early stage of development and continues throughout, but possibly it is promoted postnatally by mechanical contact between the walls. PMID- 1243634 TI - [Indication and prognosis of the transethmoidal decompression of the optical nerve in posttraumatic amaurosis (author's transl)]. AB - In 8 patients with unilateral posttraumatic amaurosis a transethmoidal decompression of the optical nerve was performed. In 4 patients the vision returned completely after operation, 1 patient showed only a partial improvement and in 3 cases the amaurosis remained unchanged. These results agree with those reported by Japanese authors (Sugita et al., 1965; Fukado, 1968) and suggest, that opposite to the neurosurgical transfrontal-intradural resection of the roof of the optical canal the rhinosurgical transethmoidal decompression of the optical nerve may improve the prognosis of the posttraumatic amaurosis, espcially, if the decompression can be done as soon after trauma as possible. Further advantages of this surgical method are the smaller risk, the shorter operation time and the preservation of olfaction. It is emphasized that the rhinologist cannot indicate the decompression of the optical nerve without consulting the ophthalmologist and the neurologist. Contraindications are lesions of the bulbus oculi and the fundus, lesions of the chiasma opticum and a posttraumatic amaurosis caused by a sinus-cavernosus-fistula. Regarding the experiences gained by rhinosurgeons so far the early transethmoidal decompression seems to be indicated, if a unilateral impairment of vision exists right after the trauma or develops within the next 24-48 hrs and if there is no damage to the bulbus and the fundus. PMID- 1243636 TI - The narrow vestibular aquaeduct. An unspecific radiological sign? AB - Tomography of the vestibular aquaeduct was carried out in patients with Meniere's disease, patients with chronic otitis and in patients without ear disorders. Visualization of the vestibular aquaeduct was evaluated blindly. The descending part of the aquaeduct was clearly visible in 95% of patients without ear disease. In the other groups, including contralateral non-affected ears in Meniere patients, the aquaeduct was clearly visible in only about 50%. The incidence of narrow or invisible aquaeducts in ducts in Meniere patients and in patients with chronic otitis was essentially the same. This radiologic finding seems to be an unspecific sign, present possibly in a variety of ear disorders. PMID- 1243637 TI - [Relation of the external carotid artery to the parotid gland (author's transl)]. AB - The relation of the external carotid artery to the parotid gland is differently described by various authors. Publications on topographical anatomy predominantly state that the artery takes its course "through the gland". In contrast to this, however, oto-rhinolaryngological publications tend to emphasize a rather loose spatial relation of the artery to the medial surface of the gland as being typical although, in general, little attention is being paid from the operative and technical point of view to the position of the artery in relation to the gland. Our own anatomical dissections in dead bodies have shown that in a number of instances the artery and its branches are extensively surrounded by glandular tissue. With approximately equal frequency, however, the artery was found to lie in a more or less superficial groove on the medial surface of the gland. PMID- 1243638 TI - Response of the human nasal mucous membrane to anti-human IgE serum. AB - The response of the nasal mucous membrane to anti-human IgE serum was examined. The application of anti-IgE sera to the nasal mucous membrane induced a nasal allergy-like symptom as well as nasal eosinophilia. This symptom was observed in the majority of nasal allergy cases and in some vasomotor rhinitis cases, while not in non-allergic normal persons. The nasal eosinophilia, however, increased not only in allergic patients, but in non-allergic persons in whom no nasal symptoms were induced. Such a nasal reaction was not induced with anti-IgA sera or anti-IgG sera. The character of the reaction was presumed to be specific to anti-IgE and was predominantly a reversed type anaphylaxis in the nasal mucous membrane. The sensitivity of the nasal mucous membrane to anti-IgE decreased in the course of the hyposensitization with house dust. The cause of this phenomenon was obscure. PMID- 1243639 TI - ERA-stimulation with free-programable frequency and intensity sequence--a method to reduce the examination time. AB - A new method for ERA-stimulation with free-programable sequence of intensity and frequency will described. We developed to realize this method a Free-Programable ERA-Stimulator, FPERAS/74. The expectation has been confirmed that this way of stimulation which includes a regular change of frequency and intensity of the auditory stimuli decreases effective the development of habituation in its amount and velocity. In our experiment (K- and P-experiment) it will be clarified the efficiency of this method both with regard to the time-saving during the recordings of the AEP and its quality comparee with the conventionally determined AEP. It can be stated a triple shortening of the examination time with a simultaneous improvement of the quality and the reproductibility of the AEP. PMID- 1243640 TI - [Influence of repetition rate and pause upon the cortical potential evoked by various acoustic stimulation in man (author's transl)]. AB - In agreement with earlier experiments an increase of amplitude of the medium components (80-250 ms: Non-Pon) with decreasing repetition rate or increasing interval between the stimuli (sinusoidal tones, white noise, craftsman noise) is observed. There is no influence of the variable intervals upon the off-effect, if sinusoidal tones and white noise are used. A small increase of the amplitude difference Noff-Poff results if bursts of craftsman noise are used for stimulation. The amplitude of a peak in the range 300-400 ms which can be regarded approximatively as the peak of the long lasting dc-component, related to the positive peak (Pon) around 200 ms shows also an increasing tendency if the interval between stimuli is enlarged. Pon itself is augmented if related to the preceding section before stimulus on-set. Therefore the increase of the slow component expresses only an increase of the positive component Pon or is based upon a dc-shift which is added to the preceding section as well as to the range of the dc-component beginning around 300 ms after stimulus on-set. Using only sinusoidal tones a reduction takes place of the amplitude of the potential evoked by a tone of constant duration if the silent pauses are smaller than 2500 ms. If the pause preceding a tone of constant duration is reduced down to 300 ms the decrease of the amplitude is around 50-60%. The amplitude of the off-effect however is not affected. Only if related on the positive component Pon the slow component shows a small decrease. If related on the preceding section there is no change caused by different pauses preceding a tone of constant duration. Both, the latency of on- and off-components is also not influenced by the variable pause. Only the peak of the slow component shows a shift in the way that there is a maximum if the duration of the pause corresponds to half of the interval. In this case there is also a clear maximum of the amplitude of the potential evoked by the tone of variable duration. The results throw some light upon the different origin of the components of the evoked response and the overlapping of dc-shifts. PMID- 1243641 TI - [Whistler for two voices (sound of whistle produced by man) (author's transl)]. AB - "Double tone whistling" is the rare ability to produce two different tones of whistle with the mouth at the same time and with volitional intervalls between two tones: melodies being whistled this way sound therefore as two voices. With two persons who have this ability we could tape several melodies, analyse them and conclude from this the origin of the two single tones. Beside that we also could analyse a case of "tripletone" melodies and compare it with the results of our sonogramms. The recordings were analysed with the AF-spectrum-analyser Songraph 6061 B. From the interpretation of the patterns follows: In nearly all cases there is a "switching over" between two tones (see Figs. 1, 4, 5). The intervall between the two tones is not fixed but harmonic. Listening to this gives the impression of tremolo. One of our persons could even continue whistling are tone after the change over to the other tone for a short time (about 50 msec). You get the impression of "switching over" even when only listening to the recording of the double-tone whistling of person 2. As mentioned above, we were able to analyse the "melodies for three voices" as indicated by Scheminzky (1957). "Double tone whistling" and independent humming at a lower frequency form this three voices of the "three voice melody". In opposition to Scheminzky's conjecture, a changing over and not a continuous side by side of the two single tones is the basis of this "doubletone whistling". The results of our analysis are: Person 1 seems to be able to form two resonant rooms in the mouth cavity with the tongue with two resonance frequencies. Person 2 could indicate two kinds of whistle at two voices: a) The tongue is being moved forth and back in the rhythm of the switching over. b) The tongue is being fixed and the cheeks change the shape of the mouth-cavity in the rhythm of the change over. PMID- 1243642 TI - Cell renewal in the eustachian tube epithelium of guinea pigs. AB - The turnover time of the epithelial cells of a normal eustachian tube was estimated in guinea pigs by means of lightmicroscopic autoradiography with thymidine-H3. The cell migration from the basal layer to the tubal lumen was chased by sacrificing the animals at different intervals after tnymidine-H administration. This study revealed that the generative cells were the basal cells in the tubal epithelium and that the different types of maturative cells in the epithelium have a different life span. The turnover time of non-ciliated secretory cells was about 145 hrs (about 6 days), while that of ciliated cells and goblet cells more than 6 days. PMID- 1243643 TI - Changes in compensatory eye movements after unilateral labyrinthectomy in the rabbit. AB - Compensatory (slow phase) eye movements elicited by sinusoidal oscillation on a torsion swing were measured in rabbits, 6 months after destruction of the left labyrinth. A range of combinations of stimulus frequencies (0.048-1.8 Hz) and amplitudes (1-25 degrees) were used. Gain (amplitude of cumulative slow phase eye movement/amplitude of swing), phase (eye position vs. swing position - 180 degrees) and directional asymmetry were calculated from averaged records. With eyes covered, gain was much less than half of normal and phase lead was increased by at least 20 degrees. Spontaneous drift was minimal or absent; a slight asymmetry of reactions (preponderance of smooth movements to the intact side) was found. In the presence of vision, reactions were slightly improved, but only for low stimulus velocities. It is concluded that although the acute effects of unilateral labyrinthectomy in rabbits subside and a static equilibrium is achieved, dynamic performance of vestibular reactions remains much below normal. PMID- 1243644 TI - [Concentration of RNA, DNA and protein in the human tonsil as a parameter for the discrimination of their function (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied at 200 tonsils the tissue concentration and the organ content of RNA, DNA and protein. The results are used for the objective discrimination of different clinical states. It could be shown that the time of the maximal physiological activity reaches to the age of 20 years. Our results may be used as directions for the indication of the tonsilectomy. PMID- 1243645 TI - Non-surgical recording of auditory pathway function in cats. AB - The techniques are described for serial, non-surgical recording of the cochlear microphonic (CM), the electrocochleogram (ECoG) and the averaged electroencephalic response (AER) in cats. The early post-natal period has been systematically studied in a breeding strain of hereditarily deaf white cats, and illustrative examples are presented from animals with histologically normal chochleae, and also from ears with confirmed chochleosaccular degeneration. Transitory potentials have been recorded with the CM and ECoG procedures from some of the latter. PMID- 1243646 TI - Sialoadenosis produced by drug-treatment of hypertonicity. II. Experimental studies on the effects of guanethidine (Ismelin) on the submaxillary glands of the rat. AB - 48 rats were treated with guanethidine (Ismelin) in order to study the side effects on the submaxillary glands following application of a routinely used antihypertensive substance. In contrast to guanethidine-treated parotid glands, no retention of alpha-amylase was observed. The amylolytic activities of the glands are decreased both after treatment for 24 hrs and when a 3 week treatment had been followed by a 2 week recuperation period. This decrease of total amylase content runs parallel with alterations in the alpha-isoamylase patterns of the submaxillary glands. Furthermore, gland growth is inhibited by the guanethidine mediated "pharmacological sympathectomy". We interpret these proteodyschylic changes of the submaxillary glands as a pharmacologically induced peripheral neurogenic sialoadenosis. PMID- 1243647 TI - [Epithelial surface of trachea in adult male albino rats (author's transl)]. AB - The epithelial surface of trachea in adult male albino rats is studied by reflection scanning electron microscopy (REM). Surface morphology of the tracheal epithelium shows extensive individual and regional variability. Identical surface morphology may result by different causal factors. Regional morphology is presented by a mapping of the epithelial surface. Special attention is given to the structure of the cilia. Furthermore the morphology and distribution of possible receptor cell terminals is shown. The validity of reflection scanning electron microscopic studies for identifying the patho-histogenetic action of air pollutants is discussed. PMID- 1243648 TI - [Limit of measurement of middle ear impedance (author's transl)]. AB - The air volume enclosed in the acoustic duct is considered to be one of the causes of the bad reproductibility and the great scattering of measurement results of middle ear impedance. Therefore this volume was measured with ten subjects (20 ears) and the measured values of impedance were corrected. A procedure for determining the volume between the occlusion of the external canal and the ear-drum is described. The difficulties of carrying out this procedure are pointed out. Because of the volume determination for series examinations the measurement of the value of the impedance change as a criterion for individual resistance to noise of persons exposed to pulse noise involves great efforts and is therefore considered to be an inappropriate method as long as the indicated difficulties with measuring techniques continue to exist. PMID- 1243649 TI - Lymphoreticular tissue lesions in mice after immunization with typhoid fever vaccine and immunosuppression with azathioprine. AB - C57BL and Balb/c mice were immunized, were immunized and then administered immunosuppressives, were immunized with concurrent immunosuppression, and were immunized after prior administration of immunosuppressive agents. Typhoid fever vaccine used clinically was used for immunization. Immunosuppression was accomplished with azathioprine (Imuran). Control groups received azathioprine or no treatment. The experiment lasted 5 months. In mice immunized with typhoid fever vaccine and subsequent azathioprine administration, malignant lymphomas of a lymphoblastic type appeared in 20% of C57BL mice and in 70% of Balb/c mice. In mice receiving antigenic vaccine together with azathioprine, malignant lymphomas appeared in only 5 to 10% of cases. However, mice that first received azatioprine and were later immunized, died after the second administration of typhoid fever vaccine and showed pictures that brought to mind blastic transformation of lymphocytes in vitro. This proliferation was primarily found in subcortical areas of lymph nodes. Analysis of presented results indicates that chronic immunization of animals with typhoid fever vaccine may serve as experimental model of malignant lymphoma morphologically similar to that appearing in human pathology. PMID- 1243650 TI - Effect of hydroxystilbamidine on the kinetoplast of Trypanosoma gambiense in mice. AB - Hydroxystilbamidine (OHSA), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was shown to induce the dyskinetoplastic forms (akinetoplastic forms, AK forms) of Trypanosoma gambiense. The mode of appearance of the AK forms after injection of various doses of OHSA into infected mice was examined. The results suggested that production of the AK form is due to the selective inhibition of kinetoplast duplication of the drug without any effect on nuclear and cytoplasmic multiplication. When the parasites were treated with moderate doses of OHSA, segmenting forms without stainable kinetoplasts, were occasionally seen but attempts to establish a clone of akinetoplastic parasite were unsuccessful. Electron microscopy of parasites obtained after OHSA treatment showed not only irregular division of the kinetoplast but also the disorganization of kinetonucleus with disappearance of its envelope. Therefore, it was concluded that the AK forms were also produced by OHSA through disappearance of the kinetoplast. PMID- 1243651 TI - Sequence studies on the constant region of the Fd sections of rabbit immunoglobulin G of different allotype. AB - The amino acid sequence has been completed for the constant region of the Fd fragments of heavy chains from rabbit IgG (immunoglobulin G) of allotype Aa1 and Aa3. The amino acid sequence given by Fruchter et al. [(1970) Biochem. J. 116, 249-259] for the constant region of the Fd fragment from Aa1 IgG was extended and in in part corrected to give a continuous sequence of 140 residues. No allotype related sequence variation was found in the constant section of the Fd fragment. This evidence confirms the view that the differences in sequence between the variable regions of Aa1 and Aa3 IgG [Mole et al., (1971) Biochem. J. 124, 301 318] are responsible for the allotypic specificities. PMID- 1243653 TI - Relation between structure and muscarinic activity III. Synthesis and cholinergic activity of some-onium compounds related to 2-methyl-4-trimethylammoniomethyl-1,3 dioxolane iodide. AB - The synthesis of the sulfonium, phosphonium and arsonium analogs of the dioxolane of Fourneau is described. The muscarinic activities of these compounds were compared with regard to the role of cationic head in the interaction with the muscarinic receptor. PMID- 1243652 TI - Characterization of pulmonary surfactant from ox, rabbit, rat and sheep. AB - 1. Pulmonary surfactants from ox, rabbit, rat and sheep were isolated and analysed. 2. All preparations had a high anenoic phosphatidylcholine content and would produce stable surface tensions of 0.01 Nm-1 or less. 3. Protein content was 8-18% of the dry weights. A number of proteins were observed; their overall composition were high in hydrophobic amino acid residues. 4. Lipid content varied from 79% (ox) to 90% (rabbit) with phosphatidylcholine representing from 58% (sheep) to 83% (rabbit) of the total lipid. The surfactant preparations were rather similar in lipid composition except that sheep surfactant contained about 10% lysophosphatidylcholine. 5. Hexadecanoic acid was the principal fatty acid. It was particularly high in phosphatidylcholine. 6. Phosphatidylglycerol was a minor constituent of all surfactants but phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine was not detected. PMID- 1243655 TI - [On the crystallisation of amphetaminil base into its hydrochloride salt (author's transl)]. AB - In an aqueous medium in the presence of hydrochloric acid, amphetaminil (AN 1?R) directly crystallises into the needle forming hydrochloride. The hydrochloride and base of the substance AN 1 have the same degree of insolubility in water. Such a reaction is relatively seldom observed in organic substances. Correspondingly, there is no similarity between the physical and chemical reactions of AN 1 and other well-known substances. In order to attain suitable judgement on the pharmaceutical/dynamic effect of AN 1, the clinical results known to date should not be disregarded. PMID- 1243654 TI - [Diuretics on the basis of N-substituted 2,4-diamino-s-triazines by cyclisation of biguanides (author's transl)]. AB - The structural class of 2,4-diamino-s-triazines (5) functioning as diuretics has become accessible by a novel preparatory procedure. The new synthesis is based on the aminomethinylating principle of s-triazine (1), under the action of which biguanides (2) are cyclized to 5 passing through the intermediary states 3 and 4. PMID- 1243656 TI - [MASCA-model of biochemical-pharmacological drug research. Part 6: Structure activity relationship and bio-oscillations (author's transl)]. AB - The coupling of oscillations and structure-activity relationships is important for the interpretation of the effect of physiological and pharmacological substances. PMID- 1243657 TI - [Are there pseudophototropic reactions in biology? Part 2: Pseudophototropy and the course of cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The phenomenon of pseudophototropy is compared with well-known theories of the origin and treatment of cancer, by means of practical medical experiments. The reaction cycles or life processes of both systems are comparable, in spite of considerable differences between them, and suggest, at least as a hypothesis, that there is a general mechanism for the formation of double-bond sequences liable to reaction. PMID- 1243658 TI - Sensory effects of capsaicin congeners I. Relationship between chemical structure and pain-producing potency of pungent agents. AB - A quantitative method for measuring the efficiency of pungent agents of capsaicin type by the pain reaction elicited on the eye of rats is described. About 50 derivatives -- most of them amides or esters of homovanillic acid -- were tested by this method and the share of different chemical groups of the molecule in the pungent action was analyzed. It turned out that the presence of an acylamide linkage or alkyl chain is not essential for pungency, since acylamide linkage can be replaced by an esteric group and the alkyl chain by cycloalkyl rings. The importance of OH group on the aromatic ring is confirmed. On the basis of the findings a hypothetical pharmacological receptor for capsaicin on pain sensory nerve endings is presented. PMID- 1243659 TI - Method for testing mutagenic effects of chemicals on spermatogonia of the Chinese hamster: results obtained with cyclophosphamide, saccharin, and cyclamate. AB - The action of different cyclophosphamide doses on spermatogonia of the Chinese hamster was examined. Two oral treatments at an interval of 24 h were carried out and spermatogonia were prepared for examination 24 or 48 h after the second dose. Accordingly the effects of 5 oral cyclophosphamide doses given on five consecutive days were tested on spermatogonia and preparations were made 24 or 72 h after the last treatment. The results so obtained form the basis of reference for findings following oral administration of saccharin sodium, sodium cyclamate, or trimethylphosphate. Male Chinese hamsters, 6-8 per group, were used, from each of which about 100 metaphases were evaluated. Preparation was carried out essentially according to Hoo and Bowles [Mutation Res. 13, 85-88 (1971)]. gaps, breaks, fragments, deletions and translocations were rated as structural aberrations. For every dose and every time of preparation the incidence of metaphases with aberrations, with or without gaps, and with translocations were assessed. The different experiments led to the following conclusions: 1. By analysis of spermatogonial metaphases of treated Chinese hamsters chemically induced chromosome aberrations can be proved with certainty. 2. Incidence of metaphases with translocations is a sensitive measure which is distinctly superior to the summary determination of all aberrations. In this way it was possible to show a mutagenic influence of 2 times 8 mg/kg cyclophosphamide p.o. 3. Following two cyclophosphamide doses administered at an interval of 24 h it was found that preparations of spermatogonia 48 h after the second dose was better suited for the evaluation than that at 24 h, for aberrations were more frequent with the same treatment. After five cyclophosphamide treatments at 24-h intervals, aberrations were somewhat more frequent 24 h after the last dose than at 72 h; in any case the values exceeded significantly the results of untreated controls. 4. A conclusive numeric chromosome analysis is not possible with the spermatogonia test, since a relatively high percentage of non-diploid cells is apparently of methodological origin. 5. Tests with 2 times 500 or 5 times 1000 mg/kg trimethylphosphate orally showed an increase in chromosome aberrations compared with controls indicating mutagenic effects in both cases; with 5 times 1000 mg/kg p.o., however, the figures were low as a result of marked mitotic inhibition. 6. The results of the spermatogonia test on Chinese hamsters revealed no mutagenic effects of saccharin sodium 2 times 5000 mg/kg orally, and of sodium cyclamate 5 times 2000 mg/kg orally. This is based on comparisons of the results both with untreated controls and positive controls treated with trimethylphosphate or cyclophosphamide. PMID- 1243660 TI - [Action of fomocaine on heart and circulation (author's transl)]. AB - Fomocaine shows antiarrhythmic properties. It prolongs the periods of the ECG (anaesthetized cats) and the functional refractory period (left atria of guinea pigs, electrically driven). Effects on these parameters are qualitatively the same as with quinidine. Quantitatively fomocaine prolongs the functional refractory period in the same, the PQ-interval to a greater extent than does quinidine. In contrast quinidine has a greater effect on QRS- and QT-interval. Up to higher doses fomocaine's efficacy on contractility (dp/dtmax) and blood pressure is opposite to quinidine because they are increased by fomocaine and decreased by quinidine. The lack of toxic ECG-signs prior to lethal dosis makes fomocaine dangerous in overdosage. PMID- 1243661 TI - [Effects of glucagon on systemic circulation, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in the anesthetized dog (author's transl)]. AB - The systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mug/kg glucagon have been studied in 9 anesthetized normoventilated closed-chest dogs. Intravenous administration of this agent produced a dose-related increase in the average coronary blood flow between 19% (10 mug/kg) and 49% (80 mug/kg). Coronary vascular resistance decreased by between 16% (10 mug/kg) and 39% (80 mug/kg). A- V O2 difference 1 min after the administration of glucagon no changes in myocardial oxygen extraction were observed after 5, 10 and 20 min. The calculated myocardial oxygen consumption rose up to 50% after 80 mug/kg glucagon. We conclude that the increase in coronary blood flow and the decrease in coronary resistance are mainly secondary to the metabolic effects of the increased myocardial contractility and heart rate, and that there is only an initial direct vasodilating effect on the coronary vessels. PMID- 1243662 TI - Distribution of [14C]-tofenacine in rat brain after intravenous, intraperitoneal and multiple oral dosage. AB - The distribution of radioactivity in the rat brain at 5 min after 10 mg/kg of 14C labelled N-methyl-2[(o-methyl-a-phenylbenzyl)oxy]ethylamine, [14C]-tofenacine hydrochloride, the active constituent of Elamol? and Tofacine?, i.v. showed a heterogeneous pattern correlating well with what is known about perfusion and capillarization of brain areas. With the passage of time total brain radioactivity decreased rapidly and radioactivity was redistributed. Both processes occurred simultaneously so that a nearly homogeneous pattern was found at 1 h after i.v. administration. The outer layers of the hippocampus were then the only brain areas with a higher concentration of radioactivity. On i.p. administration of 25 mg/kg of [14C]-tofenacine-hydrochloride maximum brain radioactivity was observed at 30 min, the distribution pattern resembling that seen at 5 min after i.v. dosage. Its further time course corresponded to that of the i.v. series. On multiple oral administration of [14C]-tofenacine hydrochloride (4 doses of 25 mg/kg at 3-h intervals), maximal radioactivity in the rat brain was observed at 120 min after the last dose. Again the distribution was heterogeneous. Areas of high and low radioactivity were very similar to those seen in the i.v. series at the first intervals, although the contrasts were less pronounced. An exception was the hippocampus where the distribution of radioactivity, -- with high levels in the outer layers as the principal feature - was similar to that at the last intervals after i.v. administration. A model comprising a central compartment and two brain compartments, representing areas of high and low perfusion, respectively, allows a quantitative explanation of the phenomena observed. PMID- 1243663 TI - Pharmacokinetics of flavoxate in rats. AB - The plasma levels, the urinary excretion and the biliary excretion of piperidinoethyl-3-methylflavone-8-carboxylate (flavoxate, F) were studied in rats after i.v. and after oral administration. Parallel experiments were made with 3 methyl-flavone-8-carboxylic acid (M), the main metabolite of F. The substances are found in blood and are excreted in the urine and in the bile. The quantities excreted in the urine after oral administration are similar to those excreted after i.v. administration, showing that the enteric availability of the drugs is almost complete. The end product in urine and in bile is represented by a substance which yields M after a strong acid hydrolysis. There are marked pharmacokinetic differences between F and M, probably related to their physical properties. PMID- 1243664 TI - [On a special form of extremity malformation in rats following administration of 6-mercaptopurine on day 12 of gestation (author's transl)]. AB - After i.p. application of 16 or 25 mg/kg, resp., 6-mercaptopurine on day 12 of gestation, numerous bone aplasias in the extremities can be demonstrated using the alizarine-red clearing method or X-ray techniques. In a few cases, however, histological examination reveals the presence of an unmineralized cartilagenous skeletal piece. The cause of this malformation is presumably the damaging of precursor cells of the osteoblasts responsible for the desmal and enchondral esteogenesis during the blastema stage. Therefore, it is to be distinguished between the true and the cartilagenous aplasias. PMID- 1243665 TI - [Pharmacokinetic behaviour of gliquidone (AR-DF 26), a new sulfonyl urea. Summary of the studies so far (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies of the new antidiabetic agent gliquidone, AR-DF 26, 1 cyclohexyl-3-((p-[2-(3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2 (1H) isoquinolyl)-ethyl]-phenyl)-sulfonyl)-urea (Glurenorm) in healthy volunteers and patients with several diseases related to diabetes are reported. Plasma levels and excreta were monitored using the 14C-labelled compound and/or a specific radioimmunoassay. Following oral administration of a 30 mg tablet a maximal plasma level of approximately 600 ng/ml was attained after 2 to 3 h. The compound was eliminated mainly with the bile. Urinary excretion amounted to about 5% only. Comparison of diabetic patients with or without concomitant renal insufficiency did not reveal significant differences with respect to the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug. This holds true also for administration following a multiple dosage regimen where even three doses of 60 mg each a day, did not result in elevated blood levels in either group. AR-DF 16 is metabolized mainly to four products, which were identified besides unchanged drug in bile, stool and urine. All excreta showed quite a similar pattern of distribution. In plasma, however, unchanged drug accounted for at least 80% of total radioactivity up to 8 h besides some biotransformed products, mainly AR-DF 33. PMID- 1243666 TI - [Inhibitory activity of bencyclan on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - N-[3-(Benzyl-cycloheptyloxy)-propyl]-N,N-dimethyl-amine (bencyclan hydrogenfumarate, Fludilat?) inhibits spontaneously enhanced aggregation in the tests which detect a spontaneous aggregating activity (PAT I--III) in 10(-5) molar concentration. Bencyclan also inhibits platelet adhesiveness and ADP or collagen induced platelet aggregation. 10(-5) M of bencyclan induced a slight swelling of platelets 5 times 10(-4) Mol inhibited the formation of tentacles completely and transformed the platelets into small spheres if investigated with interference-phase contrast microscopy. It is likely that the morphologic changes induced by bencyclan are responsible for the inhibitory effect on the different platelet function tests in vitro. In vivo oral application of 300-600 mg of bencyclan per day did not inhibit platelet aggregation. In patients with enhanced aggregating tendency i.v. injection of 200-400 mg bencyclan led to a short-time inhibition of platelet aggregation which usually did not last for more than 1 h. No binding of 14C-labelled bencyclan to platelets was found. In vitro and in vivo some 14C-labelled bencyclan was bound to albumins. PMID- 1243668 TI - The absorption, excretion and metabolic pattern of bromhexine in man after oral and i.v. administration. AB - The fate of 14C-labelled bromhexine (Bisolvon?) in man following intravenous and oral administration was studied by investigation of the blood and plasma levels and the excretion profiles. Slight variations observed between the two administration routes are explained by the somewhat different distribution patterns resulting from the different "first path" after oral application (liver) and intravenous injection (tissues). PMID- 1243667 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the antiinflammatory agents S-H 766 in man]. AB - Blood and plasma levels as well as urinary and fecal excretion were measured in humans after oral administration of radioactively labelled 4-[j-(2' fluorobiphenylyl)]-4-hydroxycrotonic acid (S-H 766 MO). The radioactivity in the plasma reaches maximum values of about 10 mug eq./ml 1 to 2 h after application with either form. After repeated administration good agreement is found between the plasma levels measured and those simulated according to the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after single application. The S-H 766 metabolites were investigated in blood and urine. The substance was found to undergo considerable metabolism, only approximately 2% being excreted in the urine unchanged. The conjugates, which constitute over 60% of the radioactivity of the urine, consist mainly of glucuronides and sulfates. The structure of the aglycones shows that the metabolism occurs along two pathways, by beta-oxidation of the aliphatic side chain into aryl acetic acids and by hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus to phenolic compounds. It must be assumed that these biotransformations take place both simultaneously and successively. PMID- 1243669 TI - Binding of thioridazine and some of its metabolites to human serum protein and human albumin. AB - The binding of thioridazine and some of its psychoactive metabolites to human serum and to human albumin was studied using equilibrium dialysis. A very important binding capacity was found for each of the products tested, but significant differences between binding to human serum and binding to human albumin were observed. PMID- 1243670 TI - Progesterone secretion after LH-antisera or ergocryptine treatment of normal or hysterectomized pseudopregnant rats. PMID- 1243671 TI - Social background and diagnosis. Survey of Male Clinic Registrations. AB - The usual reservations concerning the reliability of information received from clinic patients must be made, although we have no evidence of systematic distortion in the data provided, apart from the understatement of previous clinic attendances. Analysis of the 3,045 male registrations included in the survey revealed that: (1)More than half were of patients under 25 years of age. This age group included almost one-third of the cases of syphilis, 56-3% of the cases of gonorrhoea, and 49-7% diagnoses of NGU. (2) Some 30% of registrations were of married men living with their wives. The proportion of registrations in this category increased substantially through the upper age groups. (3) The incidence of gonorrhoea and of syphilis was higher among the separated or divorced than among single, married, or widowed men. (4) The incidence of gonorrhoea was higher among patients in their teens and twenties than in succeeding age groups; NGU was diagnosed most frequently among patients in their forties. (5) The incidence of NGU varied inversely to that of gonorrhoea in relation to social class. Gonorrhoea was diagnosed more frequently among manual than among non-manual workers, while the incidence of NGU was higher among white-collar workers (including students). The highest incidence of gonorrhoea was recorded among registrations in the semi- and unskilled categories where the incidence of NGU was lowest, while the lowest and highest frequencies of gonorrhoea and NGU respectively were recorded among registrations in Social Class III (N)-comprising mainly clerical and sales workers. Some of the above findings may be of mainly local significance, and much additional evidence is required before the influence of such factors as marital status and social class can be adequately interpreted. PMID- 1243672 TI - Letter: Genito-urinary medicine. PMID- 1243673 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis and muscle dysfunction]. PMID- 1243675 TI - [A method for determining the surface activity of lung tissue extracts]. PMID- 1243674 TI - Changes of molecular properties associated with the development of resistance against methotrexate in human lymphoblastoid cells. PMID- 1243676 TI - Studies on the surfactant system in papain-induced emphysema in rabbits. PMID- 1243677 TI - Proceedings: Evidence for the coating of specific antigenic sites on polyoma induced tumor cells during growth in a syngeneic host. PMID- 1243678 TI - [Experimental study of oxygen toxicity (with special reference to recovery process)]. PMID- 1243679 TI - [Clinical study on endocrine abnormalities (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243680 TI - [Influence of sexual maturation on cardiac activity and reactivity of Calliphora vomitoria. I. -- Cardiac activity (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Calliphora cardiac rhythm shows a regular alternation of retrograde beating phases with high frequency (fast phases) and of anterograde beating phases with low frequency (slow phases). 2. Male cardiac activity exhibits only small variations during sexual maturation. 3. In females, the ovarian development induces a decrease of slow phase duration and a variation of anterograde beat frequency (it decreases the first five days and then increases). 4. Cardiac characteristics of allatectomized or ovariectomized animals are similar to those of young females with small ovaries. 5. These results reveal an important correlation between ovarian development and many cardiac characteristics. The most important physiological factor seems to be the increase in ovary size and/or its consequences (abdominal distention). PMID- 1243682 TI - Medical aspects of some zoonoses. PMID- 1243681 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of cobalt irradiation on the rabbit lung]. AB - Rabbit lungs were irradiated with a unique dose of 3,150 rads of CO60. The time related study (from the end of irradiation to 28 days after-wards) of the ultrastructural changes in the alveolo-capillary membrane, shows that the early lesions involve first of all the endothelium, then the epithelium and the surfactant, interstitial involvement being the latest. The course of the lesions is maximal on the 7th day, while interstitial involvement appears and is amplified in the three following weeks, whereas cellular involvement completely regresses. Qualitative study of phospholipids from the pulmonary washing fluid of the irradiated lung shows early changes in the composition of surfactant (fall in lecithins and appearance of substances with similar structure) then a return to a practically normal composition around the 21st day. The nature of this early change in surfactant is debated: is it a change in surfactant secreted and/or an early change in the process of synthesis of surfactant? PMID- 1243684 TI - [Pulmonary surface-active agents]. PMID- 1243685 TI - [Prospects of investigations of the ecology of obligate-transmissive infections]. PMID- 1243683 TI - [Treatment of central nervous system leukemia in acute childhood leukemia. I. Results of intrathecal single or multiple drug combination therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243686 TI - [Letter: Hypothyroidism revealing a lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 1243687 TI - [Clinical classification of depression]. PMID- 1243688 TI - [On evaluation of new drug--case of clomipramine (Anafranil)--(author's transl)]. PMID- 1243689 TI - [Effects of occupational therapy]. PMID- 1243690 TI - [In the midst of contradiction between the theory and practice of occupational therapy]. PMID- 1243691 TI - [Reconsideration and the future of occupational therapy based on the changes observed in our department]. PMID- 1243692 TI - [Employers' evaluation of occupational therapy outside the hospital]. PMID- 1243693 TI - [Toward the establishment of a therapeutic community--introduction of educational ideas into therapeutic system]. PMID- 1243694 TI - [Meaning of work in occupational therapy]. PMID- 1243695 TI - [Some technical problems of occupational therapy]. PMID- 1243696 TI - [Non-therapeutic side of occupational therapy]. PMID- 1243697 TI - [Function of occupational therapy in a mental hospital]. PMID- 1243698 TI - [Conclusion drawn by the Committee on Mental Health Legislation on "occupational therapy"]. PMID- 1243699 TI - [Occupational therapy--results of a survey]. PMID- 1243700 TI - [Criminal offenses committed by psychiatric patients and their legal disposition- a comment on Aoki's thesis]. PMID- 1243701 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome. Case report]. PMID- 1243702 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of primary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 1243703 TI - [Anxiety and depression in medical practice]. PMID- 1243704 TI - [Value of the leukocyte migration test in the prevention of endocrine exophthalmus]. PMID- 1243705 TI - [Orbital expansion in the treatment of endocrine exophthalmos]. PMID- 1243707 TI - [Method of carrying out practical work in dermato-venereology with 4th year students]. PMID- 1243706 TI - [Reflections on the diagnosis and course of ricketsial papillitis. Discussion of 3 cases]. PMID- 1243708 TI - [Level of knowledge of the population of rural regions on venereal diseases and their prevention]. PMID- 1243709 TI - [The influence of hydrocarbon and glucose medium on the fungi strains Absidia coerulea (p 23) and Penicillium spec. (m 49). I. A comparison of growth in shake and standing culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243710 TI - [The influence on hydrocarbon medium in relation to glucose medium on the fungi strains Absidia coerulea (p 23) and Penicillium spec. (m 49). II. A comparison of morphological structures (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243711 TI - Methods of extraction (Waksman and Lechevalier 1962) of hygromycin. PMID- 1243712 TI - Actinomycetes producing antibiotics. PMID- 1243714 TI - Soil amendments and the rhizosphere effect. PMID- 1243713 TI - Effect of aflatoxin B1, aspergillic and kojic acid on peanut seedlings. PMID- 1243715 TI - Availability of soil ammoniacal nitrogen to Azotobacter and its effect on nitrogen fixation. PMID- 1243716 TI - [The modification of soil microflora due to the soil-aeration. 2. The influence of an inhibited aeration and of differentiated O2-partial pressure on the flora of bacteria and fungi at the decay of organic matter (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243717 TI - Studies on some environmental factors, affecting denitrification in soil. PMID- 1243718 TI - [The influence of intensity factors on the population dynamics of migratory root nematodes with special consideration of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev. I. Influence of sprinkler irrigation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243719 TI - [The influence of intensity factors on the population dynamics of migratory root nematodes with special consideration of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev 1934. II. Influence on nitrogen fertilization (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243720 TI - [New findings concerning the spread of natural foci of infection in the transpolar region of eastern Siberia]. AB - New materials are presented on the presence of the foci of anthropozoonozes in the Extreme North. For the first time there was established the existence in the subarctic tundra of the Taimyr peninsula of the arbovirus foci of the tick-borne encephalitis complex. A virus of the tick-borne encephalitis complex was isolated in 1973 from the gamasida ticks Haemogamasus ambulans Thorel. and Hirstionyssus isabellinus Oudms. and the nests of the Siberian lemming Lemmus lemmus L. This pointed to the existence in the Transpolar region of the foci or arboviruses in the nest-hole biocenoses of the lemmings outside the bird colonies. Cultures of tularemia bacilli (which proved the etiology of the epizootic among the lemmings observed in 1973 and also the presence of the lemming natural foci of tularemia and their combination with the arbovirus foci) were isolated from the lemmings at the same territory. The results of serological examination of the local population and of the animals pointed to the circulation in the Transpolar region of the causative agents of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, Q-fever and of the Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis. PMID- 1243721 TI - Some epidemiological aspects of thyrotoxicosis in a Belgian population. PMID- 1243723 TI - [The effect of chloramphenicol on in vitro colony forming cell (CFC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243722 TI - [The fine structure of erythrocyte membrane of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with freeze-etching method--the effect of vitamin E and inuline (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243724 TI - [Studies on the inhibitory action of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol upon erythropoiesis. 1. Effect on hematopoietic stem cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243725 TI - [Studies on a case of cyclic myelodysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243726 TI - [Studies on the lymphocytes of the patients with aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243727 TI - [Immunological responses of the Ehrlich tumor bearing mice of various stages (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243728 TI - [Studies on quantitative determination of urokinase by radioimmunoassay and its clinical application. Part I. A new radioimmunoassay method for the quantitative determination of urokinase in urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243729 TI - [Evaluation of the maturity of the fetal lungs by determining the lecithin/sphingnomyelin correlation in the amniotic fluid via Clements' foam test]. PMID- 1243730 TI - Studies on veneral transmission of Campylobacter fetus by immunised bulls. AB - Temporary contamination of the penis and prepuce with Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biotype intermedius may occur when immunised bulls mate with infected heifers. However, 2 experiments showed that this contamination was not a significant cause of genital infection in susceptible heifers that subsequently mated with bulls. PMID- 1243731 TI - [Proof value of blood trace studies]. PMID- 1243732 TI - [Effect of sulpiride and 2Br-alfa ergocryptine on the neuroendocrine control of hPRL incretion (author's transl)]. AB - The incretion was studied in eight male normal subjects control of hPRL incretion. The incretion of hPRL after infusion of SULPIRIDE (100 mg) by e.v. was studied in eight male normal subjects. Three days later the load of sulpiride was repeated after pretreatment (two hours) with C.B.-154 (2,5 mg). After CB-154 pretreatment the levels of hPRL were significantly lower. Cb-154 is able to reduce incretion of hPRL, also after stimulation with Sulpiride by double mechanism. PMID- 1243733 TI - The relationship between zona digestion and cortical granule disappearance in rabbit eggs inseminated in vitro. PMID- 1243734 TI - [Apparatus for studying the surface properties of pulmonary extracts]. AB - The author describes a unit for studying the surface properties of the pulmonary extracts by Wilhelmy's principle; the unit consists of a two-coordinate self recorder, compensatory amplifier, modified Wilhelmy's balance, a rectifier and a stabilizer. The unit permits automatic recording of the dependence of surface tension of the extract upon the area of its surface. PMID- 1243735 TI - [Serological and entomological study on yellow fever in Sierra Leone]. AB - In a serological and entomological survey on yellow fever carried out in Sierra Leone in 1972, altogether 899 sera from children 0 to 14 years were tested with 12 antigens by haemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation tests. Mouse neutralization test with yellow fever, West-Nile and Zika viruses were also performed on selected sera. Generally speaking, the incidence of arboviruses is low but the prevalence of antibodies for some viruses was found to vary considerably between different areas. As regards yellow fever, the virus has recently been in circulation in only two areas: Bafodia and Lalehun-Labour Camp and there is no risk for a yellow fever outbreak to occur in the near future. Due to the shortness of the survey, entomological prospections were confined to a search for Ae. aegypti larvae in and around dwellings: no breeding places are found in houses and Breteau indices are usually low, especially in forest villages. On the other hand, in urban settlements in the mining areas, breeding places around houses are numerous and are bound to increase in number. All the conditions necessary for the outbreak of an epidemic would be present within few years: such a situation would appear in Labour Camp where yellow fever virus has been circulating, where most of the population has no immunity and where Breteau indice goes as high as 34.4. As regards the other arboviruses, Zika virus is active in most areas and Chikungunya virus is particularly active in the plateau and savanna zones, in the North-East. PMID- 1243736 TI - [The absence of Sindbis virus from French Polynesia]. AB - The authors report, in French Polynesia that Sindbis antigen is a good control for rubella serodiagnosis. Data are presented on Hemagglutination Inhibition from 2,032 sera, showing no evidence of any Sindbis antigen circulation. PMID- 1243737 TI - [Is transplantation tuberculosis caused by malnutrition?]. AB - The tuberculosis of transplantation is a sickness of diet carency. It was so in negro soldiers, as in white population during the war; also in negro women in misery conditions, previously tuberculous contacts. PMID- 1243738 TI - [A case of fatal cryptococcoisis, as a primary disease, with bronchopulmonary and septicemic beginnings and multivisceral, mostly intra-cardiac and intra-aortic localization]. PMID- 1243739 TI - [Hemoglobinoses and hemoglobinopathies in the Central African Republic. 2]. AB - Part of an inquiry which took place in R. C. A. from january 1972 to january 1975, we are able to give results concerning the prevalence of haemoglobin S in three new prospected regions and the value of sickling test. Cellogel electrophoresis sorted 20 0/0 of haemoglobin S bearers (AS or SS) od of 527 school children. On the same lot, sickling test by field practice, revealed only 7 0/0 and on the whole lot of examined individuals (684) only 8 0/0. This confirms that sickling test, when alone, is not reliable enough to appreciate the prevalence of haemoglobin S. PMID- 1243740 TI - [Serum IgE in parasitoses: apropos of a study on 27 West Africans]. PMID- 1243741 TI - Piroplasmosis in rats from indonesia. PMID- 1243742 TI - [Intestinal protozoa in a non-selected group of adults in the Republic of Mali]. AB - A coprological examination was performed among 410 adults living in two rural traditional villages of the Bamako region (Mali Republic). The results are compatible with those of several reports coming from other areas. A remark is done about Ascaridiasis which seems to be rare in rural communities of tropical Africa. PMID- 1243743 TI - [Study of the molluscocid properties of lead triphenylacetate]. AB - The molluscicide and biocide properties of lead triphenylacetate (4,5 p p m, on Biomphalaria glabraia and Bulinus contortus) are not so great that the toxic action of tin tributiloxyde, on the same snails (2 p p m). Still the prices of the organic salts of lead are not so expensive as tin organic salts. PMID- 1243745 TI - [Ciguatoxin and edible reef fishes]. AB - Referring to the various human and animal clinical response to consumption of reef fish, the authors precise the importance of ingested dose and the role of cumulative effects. They point out the arbitrary character of distinguishing poisonous and edible fish of the same species. At the light of these data they find ciguatoxin in edible fish from known latent ciguateric potential species in atoxic areas. Therefore ciguatoxin does appear as a natural biotoxin permanently produced in most of the polynesian coral reefs ecosystems. The occurence of clinical disorders by men and animals results from a sudden increase of its production following biological transitory modification of some coral reef biota. PMID- 1243746 TI - [Clinical manifestations of leprous multineuritis in the West African. 90 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The neurologic examination of 90 leprosy subjects shows the importance of nerve enlargement and associated sensorimotor deficiencies. The association of various clinical signs, the ones in contrast to the others and the influence of the history of the illness are taken in consideration. Finally these results are compared with some previous works. PMID- 1243744 TI - [A simplified method for the study of mites allergizing house dust using small samples]. PMID- 1243747 TI - [100 new cases of Hansen's disease discovered during 7 years of dermatologic practice in French Guyana (author's transl)]. AB - From the dermatologic viewpoint Hansen disease represents a significant affection, and our participation for a quarter of the demonstration, although our activity is limited to Cayenne, seems to be particularly necessary. We do not wish to be alone in our interest in this problem, and we sincerely think that in French Guyana any physician should be "Leprolog". The severity of the lepromatous forms and their distribution into any age and place, suggest that it should be considered as a promising disease. PMID- 1243748 TI - [Contribution to the study of "Edwardsiella tarda" isolated in Viet-Nam (author's transl)]. AB - Rectal swabs from 13,947 diarrhea patients of all ages were examined during the five years period covered by this report (1969-1973). most of the specimens came from the Saigon area, mainly from the Infectious Diseases Hospital and the Children's Hospital. Specimens also were submitted from other hospitals at provinces. From these specimens, 186 Edwardsiella tarda were isolated for a 8.77 0/0 isolation rate. These organisms were relatively frequent among adults and more commonly isolated during the driest months (February and May). Isolates of E. tarda were also obtained from rodents, dogs, fish and clams. PMID- 1243749 TI - [Verrucous mycotic dermatitis due to an unusual dematiaceous fungus. Clinical and histopathological discussion (author's transl)]. AB - A case of "verrucous dermatitis" caused by a dematiaceous fungus has been observed in an 30 y. o. Algerian patient. The lesion was localized on the face. The patient presented previously a chronic dermatophytic disease due to Trichophyton verrucosum. The dematiaceous hyphomycete has been isolated several time from superficial specimens and portions of biopsies. This fungus has been injected by intra-testicular route in guinea-pigs. The aspect of the fungus in its parasitical morphology has been described and compared with that seen in the testis: In the lesions, the vesiculous or short fungal elements are not pigmented; they are sometimes cross-walled. Successful treatment has been obtained with administration of intravenous amphotericin B. It seems that the patient is genetically predisposed and has a deficient cellular mediated immunity. PMID- 1243750 TI - [Demonstration of Pseudomonas pseudomallei (Whitmore's bacillus) in the mud of Iranian ricefields (author's transl)]. AB - Whitmore bacillus had killed a horse and a mule in a herd bred for serum production in 1970 (Baharsefat and Amjadi). Out of 157 soil samples from rice fields in Northern Iran it was possible to isolate 19 times Pseudomonas pseudomallei (types I and II) possessing a very high pathogenicity for animals. Attempts at an evaluation of the human incidence of the disease. PMID- 1243751 TI - [An anademy of ictero-hemorrhagic leptospirosis in a military group in Algeria (author's transl]. AB - Seven cases of L.I.H. are noted simultaneously in a military group in the suburbs of Algier. It is an anademic by contamination at the same point, without interhuman infection. Only two of these cases have clinical symptoms to permit diagnosis of the others by research of specific antibodies (Immunodiagnosis). Anicteric forms are very frequent. This explains probably failure of diagnosis when epidemiological conditions are realized. This unawareness of leptospiroses is unfortunately a general phenomenon in the world. PMID- 1243752 TI - [Amebic liver abscess ruptured into the pericardium. Secondary pericardial constriction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243753 TI - [Incidence of oral protozoa in a suburb of Dakar (Senegal). Epidemiologic correlations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243754 TI - [Bilharziasis in Martinique (author's transl)]. AB - A study of 4,600 sera by means of a micro-method of complement fixation with a delipidated antigen allowed to evaluate the significance of intestinal bilharziosis at la Martinique and to precise its geographical distribution in the various areas of the island. The mean infestation ratio (about 27 0/0) is much higher than that obtained with parasitologic techniques; it confirms the great sensitivity of immunological methods and the high percentage of infested people in these areas. On the other hand the study of infestation ratio in the various places shows the role played by the hydrographic system and its relationship with the habitat: a fundamental opposition is observed between two areas: the North of the island, which is damp, with many rivers and highly infested, and the South, dry, with a much lower infestation ratio. PMID- 1243755 TI - [Acute trichinosis. Several recent cases imported from Egypt (author's transl)]. AB - Five cases of acute trichinosis imported from Egypt (four of them have been anatomically and serologically proved) have been recently observed at the Ambroise-Pare Hospital. The patients had been contaminated at Cairo. All of them but one presented atypical clinical picture. One of them was complicated with myocarditis, making the pronostic more severe. In 3 cases out of 5 immunological tests and blood eosinophilia were right one case remaining doubtful these reactions being negative. An anthelminthic, thiabenzadole, associated with corticotherapy, seems to have been efficient. PMID- 1243756 TI - [Study on correlations between certain biological parameters and the Achillean reflexogram in a homogeneous African population (author's transl)]. AB - Study of a homogenous population comprising 25 male Africans. The following parameters have been measured: proteinemia, hematocrit, natremia, calcemia, globular and plasmatic magnesemia, duration of the achillean reflexogram. Hyperproteidemia and hypomagnesemia, which are usually observed in African people, were found. A negative linear relationship significant at the 10 0/0 threshhold has been demonstrated between the reflexogram and the P.B.I. value. PMID- 1243757 TI - [Serological study on bovine leptospirosis in Guadeloupe (author's transl)]. AB - A serological study on bovines in Guadeloupe (French Carraibes) was conducted during 1973-1974. 456 animals were tested. Their sera were examined by microscopic agglutination technique with 20 antigens. Antibodies against the following serogroups: Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bataviae, Australis, Pomona and Sejroe, were found. Ballum is the first serogroup by frequency and titers of antibodies. One young animal was ill and Immunological Test revealed a high titer of antibodies against serogroup Sejroe. This work demonstrates the existence of animal leptospiroses in Guadeloupe. PMID- 1243758 TI - [Comparative immunological study of protein extracts of poisonous and non poisonous fishes (author's transl)]. AB - Suggesting an immunologic participation in the pathogeny of the ciguateric syndroms, the authors have prepared a proteic antigen from the flesh of poisonous and edible fish of the same species. They have shown that there is a total common antigenicity between toxic and non toxic extracts. They suggest a new immunologic approach, in the matter of intoxication by ciguateric fish. PMID- 1243759 TI - The prevalence of severe visual impairment in children in the Netherlands. PMID- 1243761 TI - [Isolation and characterization of a new picornavirus in Taiwan]. AB - During the 1971 outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, 298 cases were admitted to the Veterans General Hospital and seven strains of new picornavirus were isolated in human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Two strains of the virus isolated have been further studied. Serological neutralization indicated that these isolates might represent a distinct picornavirus group. Biophysical and biological properties determined by this study indicated that the viruses had many characteristics in common with the echoviruses such as morphological appearance, lack of essential lipids, acid stability, density in cesium chloride, sedimentation rate, growth in the presence of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine 5-bromo-2 deoxyuridine and nonpathogenicity to suckling mice. However, they were differentiated into 2 strains on the basis of plaque size and neutralization kinetics. PMID- 1243760 TI - The respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Acute RDS is a clinical and pathologic phenomenon with many causes. Some of the pulmonary problems are iatrogenic, resulting from the overuse of blood, crystalloids, oxygen, vasopressors, sedation, and immobility. Some are related to the blast effects of injuries at sites distant from the thorax. Other causative factors are metabolic, secondary to diminished peripheral perfusion. The pulmonary capillary bed is a principal target organ in shock--affected by the toxic action of vasoactive substances, gastric aspirates, and fat; by the obstructive action of platelet, fibrin, and leukocyte clots; and by changes in balance between perfusion pressures and oncotic pressures. The rationale of prevention and therapy presented here has resulted (except in those patients with prolonged sepsis) in almost complete disappearance of RDS as a cause of death in our institution. PMID- 1243762 TI - Transfer of tumor-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity with RNA. PMID- 1243764 TI - [Condoms and contraception]. PMID- 1243763 TI - [Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Presentation of an anatomo-clinical and scintigraphic case]. PMID- 1243765 TI - The Denver universal microspectroradiometer (DUM). II. Computer configuration and modular programming for radiometry. AB - This paper describes and discusses for microscopists and spectroscopists the choice of computer equipment and the design of programs used in the Denver Universal Microspectroradiometer (DUM). This instrument is an accurate computerized photon-counting microspectrophotometer, microspectrofluorimeter and microrefractometer. The computer is used to control the operation of the system, to acquire radiometric data of various kinds, and to reduce, analyse and output the data in a readily usable form. Since the radiometer was designed to carry out many kinds of measurements in a variety of micro- and macroscopic specimens, and since different methods of microscopy or spectroscopy have to be combined in various ways fro the study of any one specimen, no single master-program could fulfill efficiently all foreseeable requirements. Therefore, the programming developed is interactive, modular, hierarchical and hybrid. Modular interactive programming makes it possible for almost any kind of main program, applicable to almost any kind of measurement, to be assembled quickly from a collection of hierarchical subroutines. Main programs are short and composed mainly of Fortran statements calling subroutines; subroutines, in turn, automatically call other subroutines over many levels. The subroutines are independently written and optimized for maximum operational efficiency in the computer system used, or for maximum ease of transfer to other systems. This approach to programming enables someone unfamiliar with computer languages to operate the radiometric system from the console of the CRT terminal. The writing of new main programs, by linking groups of existing subroutines, requires only a minimum acquaintance with Fortran; only the writing and revision of subroutines requires programming experience. Differences and similarities in the method of computer operation between the present system and other computerized radiometers are briefly discussed. PMID- 1243766 TI - A universal metal and carbon evaporation accessory for electron microscopy techniques and a method for obtaining repeatable evaporations of platinum carbon. AB - A simple accessory has been designed which can be used for all types of metal or carbon evaporation in either an upwards or downwards direction as required. A method of preparing platinum carbon rod sources which makes possible successive repeatable evaporations of platinum carbon is also described. PMID- 1243767 TI - Radiation damage in electron microscopy of organic materials: effect of low temperatures. AB - As measured by the life-time of their electron diffraction patterns, the radiation sensitivity of anthracene and coronene at 500 kV is reduced by a factor of three to four at liquid helium temperature in comparison to room temperature, For l-valine the ratio is about 1-8 but there is a wide variation in the results, possibly due to differences in crystal thickness. The end-dose at 20 degrees K for valine is equivalent to 13 electrons/A2; for anthracene and coronene it is about 600 electrons/A2 at room temperature. The variation of end-dose with temperature shows that at least two mechanisms must be involved in damage to such compounds, possibly concerning the breaking of intermolecular and intramolecular bonds, respectively. PMID- 1243768 TI - The effect of variations in objective focal length on electron microscope performance. AB - Standard specimens were examined in a transmission electron microscope with a top entry stage. Using a range of objective focal lengths, measurements of contrast, resolution and magnification range were made. Focal lengths up to 14 mm were examined. The contrast was found to increase with increasing focal length, being twelve and a half times greater at 14 mm focal length than at the normal high resolution mode of 2 mm focal length. Resolution, determined by the fresnel fringe method decreased from 0-3 nm to 3-5 nm. The photographic image mangnification was reduced from X 1000-X500,000 at 2 mm focal length to X100 X50,000 at 14 mm focal length. PMID- 1243769 TI - Cathodoluminescence of biological molecules, macromolecules and cells. AB - Cathodoluminescence observations on biological compounds are compared with previously established data from ultra violet and visible light excitation studies. The comparison demonstrates that the same molecules are responsible for the luminescence properties of macromolecules independent of the type of exciting radiation. Natural cathodoluminescence was also observed from cells. Moreover, advantages gained by the absorption of strongly cathodoluminiscent dyes into cells are demonstrated. PMID- 1243770 TI - A container for handling small specimens during preparation and examination in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). AB - The difficulties of handling small specimens of less than 1 mm3 are considerably reduced when the specimens are placed in a small container designed to be compatible with the dimensions of the preparatory instrumentation and of the microscope. The container described is unaffected by solvents used in the preparation of specimens for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 1243771 TI - [Lactase of small intestine mucosa and tolerance of dairy products in ulcer disease before and after organ-saving operations with vagotomy]. PMID- 1243773 TI - [Changes of the plasma fatty acids in low-weight subjects at birth and nourished with various types of milk]. PMID- 1243772 TI - [Histocompatibility antigens of 2 transplantable reticulum cell tumors TRH 3 and TRBL 3 (induced in BALB/c/Cb/Se and C57BL/Cb/Se mice with ascites mammary carcinoma ATPC+). I. Transplantability tests]. PMID- 1243774 TI - [Results of surgical radiotherapeutic management of cervix carcinomas during 1966 1968]. AB - From January 1st 1966 until December 31st 1968, 593 women with carcinoma of the cervix uteri were admitted to and treated at the I. Universitats-Frauenklinik of Vienna. 151 cases underwent a radical operation (Wertheim) resulting in a relative 5-years-healing of 85.43% and 442 women were exclusively treated by a combined radium-X-ray-therapy. From the 442 inoperable cases in 234 cases--which is 53%--a 5-years healing was reached. Of all the 593 cases together, 363 are living without relapse after 5 years, which is equal to 61.21% absolute healing. PMID- 1243775 TI - [Phospholipids under combined ozone-oxygen administration]. AB - The parenterally application of oxygen-ozone gas mixture gives good resultats in the treatment of various deseases. Ozone seems to influence the metabolic process of fat, so it was of interest to analyse this influence especially to phospholipids. 40 women with gynaecological cancer got 10 ml oxygen-ozone gas mixture with a content of 450 gamma ozone into the cubital vene. Venous blood was removed before and 10 minutes after application and the level of lecithin, lysolecithin, cephalin and spingomyelin was determined by the method of Randerath. A decrease of all four substances was obvious, although all values remained in normal range. PMID- 1243776 TI - Low lactose milk (LLM) on refeeding of infantile diarrhoea. PMID- 1243777 TI - [Use of sour milk in exudative diathesis in children]. PMID- 1243778 TI - Can we control V.D.? A new approach to the old problem. AB - The paper presents in a very concise way the main outlines and results of a new anti-V.D. campaign organized in Poland since 1970. PMID- 1243779 TI - [Clinical experience with butriptyline hydrochloride. Study of 20 patients with depressive anxiety syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243780 TI - [Hypersomnia with periodic breathing during sleep--its clinical features and physio-pathological mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243781 TI - [Studies on the situational factors affecting the effect of psychotrophic drugs- I. Daily fluctuation of sedative effect of tetrabenazine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243782 TI - [Autoimmune lesions of the salivary glands]. PMID- 1243783 TI - [Leukemia: definition and characterization]. PMID- 1243784 TI - [Chemotherapy and possibilities of eradication of human leukemia]. PMID- 1243785 TI - [Case of pretibial myxedema]. PMID- 1243786 TI - Thyroid failure after potassium iodide treatment of diffuse toxic goiter. AB - 1. The treatment of Graves' Disease by Potassium Iodide (like thyroidectomy, radioiodine, and antithyroid drugs) is followed by rate failure of thyroid function. 2. These findings suggest that the natural history of Graves' Disease may be one of progression from hyperthyroidism towards a decreased thyroid functional state. This progression may be accelerated by ablative methods of treatment. 3. Certainly, all patients with Graves' Disease, no matter what the treatment may be, should be followed carefully for the rest of their lives. 4. In certain patients, Potassium Iodide appears to be an effective means of controlling the hyperthyroidism of Graves' Disease. PMID- 1243787 TI - Influence of temperature and composition on some physical properties of milk and milk concentrates. IV. Thermal expansion. AB - Apparent thermal expansion measurements were carried out by dilatometry on eleven types of milk, grouped in three sets according to their fat to solids-not-fat ratio, over the temperature range of 0 degrees to 80 degrees C. Analytical expressions relating milk thermal expansion coefficients with its composition and temperature are given. These expressions predicted the thermal behaviour of samples usually within 1%. A nomogram is also presented for the direct derivation of relative integral dilatations from temperature, total solids content and fat to solids-no-fat ratio of the sample. PMID- 1243788 TI - [Clinical, especially hematological observations over the 20-year period on the Japanese fisherman exposed to fallout in 1954 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243789 TI - [Stereomicrovascular architecture and transmural migration of blood cells in the bone marrow as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243790 TI - An electron microscopic study of transmural migration of blood cells in the bone marrow. PMID- 1243791 TI - [Fluctuation in components of blood corpuscles of nutrient vein of bone marrow (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243792 TI - [The relationship between bone marrow hematopoiesis and hemogram in autopsy cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243793 TI - [Regulation of globin synthesis--RNA synthesis in erythoid cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243795 TI - [The molecular pathogenesis of the thalassemia syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243794 TI - [Studies on the initiator amino acid of human hemoglobin biosynthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243796 TI - Sequential induction of enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway during erythroid differentiation. PMID- 1243798 TI - [Concept of thrombocytopathy and problems involved in its diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243797 TI - [Hemoglobin synthesis under stimulation by erythropoietin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243799 TI - [Congenital bleeding disorders due to abnormalities of platelet function (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243800 TI - [Qualitative platelet disorders and prostaglandin--effect of prostaglandin E2 on defective platelet aggregation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243801 TI - [A case of thrombasthenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243802 TI - [Essential hemorrhagic thrombocytosis: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243804 TI - [Metabolic defect of thrombocytopenic thrombocytopathia in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243803 TI - [Observations on three cases with congenital platelet functional abnormalities (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243805 TI - [Side effects in immunosuppressive therapy]. AB - 61 patients with rheumatoid arthritis received a total of 80 courses of immunosuppressive therapy with one or more of the following substances: azathioprine, chlorambucil, mannitolmustard, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine. The overall results were excellent or good in 50% of the patients. There was a significant correlation between the efficacy of the different substances and the rate of side effects. Azathioprine was best tolerated, but gave only medium results whereas procarbazine, as a very potent drug, had the highest rate of side effects (especially depression of bone marrow, infections, gastrointestinal manifestations etc.). Serious immediate side effects of the immunosuppressive therapy according to our experience and in literature are infections and leucopenia, whereas the most important late risk is the possibility of an occurrence of malignancy. In our series, which had been followed up to five years, no malignancies have been thus far detected. Also, in the literature, there are only very few patients with malignancies published. Therefore the risk of immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis with regards the incidence of malignancies, seems to be relatively small in contrast to the findings in patients with kidney transplants. PMID- 1243807 TI - [The so-called rent neuroses]. PMID- 1243806 TI - [The effect of so-called basic therapeutics and symptomatically effective antirheumatic drugs on the enzymes of DNA synthesis and DNA repair]. AB - Investigation of DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair are important for evaluating mutagenic effects of drugs. Among the tested non steroidal antirheumatic drugs metiacinic acid, ketoprofene, and azapropazone do not show any effect on these mechanisms. Tolmetin and indometacine, however, inhibit DNA-synthesis only, whereas naproxene, oxyphenylbutazone, and flufenamic acid inhibit both DNA synthesis and repair. Gold does not influence DNA synthesis or repair, D penicillamine inhibits DNA-synthesis only. However, Chloroquine and metabolised cyclophosphamide respecitvely impair both DNA-synthesis and repair. This effect may be also caused by azathioprine in high dosage. Application of two repair- inhibitors or of one DNA-repair-inhibitor and one directly mutagenic acting drug, e.g. cyclophosphamide, should therefore be avoided. PMID- 1243808 TI - [Critical review of the concept of rent neuroses]. PMID- 1243809 TI - [Intrathecal injection of an overdose of penicillin G]. PMID- 1243811 TI - [Comparative study of the metiazinic acid cytotoxicity for animal and plant cells]. PMID- 1243810 TI - [Recent antibiotics. Range of action, indications, dosage]. PMID- 1243812 TI - [Effect of amphotericin B and its combination with 5-fluorouracil on the development of transplantable rat lymphosarcoma]. AB - The studies were carried out on rats with subcutaneously transplanted metastizing Pliss lymphosarcoma. The animals were treated with amphotericin B administered intravenously in complex with sodium desoxycholate in doses of 336 and 20 Units/kg for 7 days beginning from 24th hour after the tumor transplantation. The treatment resulted in a statistically reliable inhibition of the tumor metastasizing as compared to the control animals. When the animals with the tumors were subjected to combined therapy with 5-fluoruracyl and amphotericin B, the antitumor and antimetastatic effect of 5-fluoruracyl significantly increased. Determination of amphotericin B binding with the organ homogenates showed that the antibiotic bound with the homogenates or the organs of the rats with the tumors to a greater extent than with those of the intact animals. The levels of the antibiotics in the tumor metastases were higher than those in the primary tumors. PMID- 1243814 TI - Lymphocytes. PMID- 1243815 TI - [Functional testing and disorders of the sense of smell]. PMID- 1243813 TI - Allo-aggression in the world of lymphocytes. PMID- 1243817 TI - [Suprathreshold audiometry for practicing ENT physicians]. PMID- 1243816 TI - [Intensive care in ENT and head and neck surgery]. PMID- 1243818 TI - Artificial induction of lactation in ewes: the role of prolactin. AB - The mammary glands of 30 non-pregnant, intact ewes were developed by subcutaneously injecting oestrogen plus progesterone at intervals of 3 days from day 0 to day 27. Two days later (day 29), 15 ewes were injected subcutaneously with 18 mg ergocryptine, to inhibit specifically secretion of prolactin. Then groups of ewes, each comprising five ergocryptiine-treated and five untreated ewes, were injected from days 30 to 34 with either four intravenous injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon, one subcutaneous injection each day of 10 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate, or two subcutaneous injections each day of 2-5 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 6-25 mg progesterone. All ewes were milked by hand on days 30-50. Within 24 h of injecting ergocryptine, levels of prolactin in serum were reduced to negligible values (less than 2 ng/ml). Comparison of results for ewes not receiving ergocryptine showed that syntocinon, dexamethasone and oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone, at the doses used, were equally effective in initiating milk secretion. Peak yields of 0-23-0-27 kg/day were achieved. On the other hand, ewes treated with ergocryptine before syntocinon or dexamethasone produced peak yields of only 0-12-0-13 kg/day and ewes treated with ergocryptine before oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone produced negligible amounts of secretion. The results suggest that syntocinon and dexamethasone were either lactogenic per se or effected the release of hormones of the lactogenic complex other than prolactin. However, oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone appeared to be lactogenic by virtue of the influence of oestrogen on the secretion of prolactin. PMID- 1243819 TI - Determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in plasma separated by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1243820 TI - Immunoblastic lymphosarcoma, a cytological and clinical entity? AB - We have studied 20 cases of haematosarcomas belonging to lymphosarcomas (T or B cell markers, absence of the reticulosarcoma characters in sections, on smears, with conventional and scanning electron microscopy). Their cells which appear as large pyroninophilic cells on sections, as large very basophilic cells with blastic nuclei and often cytoplasmic vacuoles on smears, as having many polyribosomes and usually no ergastoplasm with conventional electron microscopy, and as large cells of the lymphocytic series with scanning electron microscopy resemble the cells which we described in adenitis in 1955 (9) and in the graft versus-host-reaction in 1961 (6), which Gowans (15) showed resulted from lymphocyte transformation, and which Dameshek (10) called immunoblasts. Many of these cases of immunoblastic lymphosarcoma (ILS) identified on their cytohistological characteristics [also recognized by Lukes et al. (24, 25) and Lennert et al. (21, 22)], present aetiological, clinical and pronostic characters which let us suppose that it may be not only a cytological entity but also a cytoclinical entity : a) it affects males in 85% or the subjects; eight patients came from mediterranean countries outside France; two patients had a history of chronic rheumatoid manifestations; b) the disease was at stage IV at the first presentation in 10 patients out of 20; it was revealed by profound (mediastinal or abdominal) localizations in 60% of cases (12 out of 20); it presented a hypoglobulinaemia in eight out of 13 patients; in six out of the 15 patients treated before leukaemic conversion, the chemotherapy usually efficient in lymphosarcoma (LS) failed to induce remission. This type of LS has a poorer prognosis than other types of LS (median for all stages : eight months). It led to the death either after its conversion to leukaemia (nine out of 20 cases), or by vital organ (as brain or kidney) infiltrations. PMID- 1243821 TI - [Variation of the thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH) stimulated thyrotropin (TSH) response in comparison with the tyhroid-gland-suppression test and the triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) blood levels in the so-called euthyroid endocrine ophthalmopathy]. AB - 21 patients with active signs of euthyroid Graves' disease were given 400 mug thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) i.v. All subjects with unresponsiveness to TRH had a nonsuppressible thyroidal 131I-uptake. On the basis of serum total T3 14 patients were hyperthyroid, 2 more had an elevated value of free T3. 4 patients with normal total T3 and nonsuppressible 131I-uptake were unresponsive to TRH, in 2 of them the free T3 fraction was elevated, however. 4 subjects with nonsuppressible 131I-uptake had a TRH stimulated TSH response. 2 of these subjects had hyperthyroid values of free and total T3 in serum and responded to TRH with an exaggerate TSH increment. The variations of TRH responsiveness may demonstrate a different threshold of the pituitary and the peripheral T3 receptors. PMID- 1243823 TI - [Prevention of postpartum lactation using a new ergot derivative: 2-Br-alpha ergocryptine or CB-154. Comparison with chlorotrianisene]. PMID- 1243822 TI - The treatment of psoriasis with azaribine. AB - An open study was made of 25 patients with severe, recalcitrant psoriasis treated with azaribine (6-azauridine triacetate). Most patients received 125 mg/kg/day for a period of 8 weeks. A good to excellent response with 60-100% clearing of lesions was observed in 14 patients and a fair response with 40-60% improvement in another 6 patients. Thus 20 patients (80% of the series) exhibited a favorable clinical response. 16 of these 20 patients relapsed to approximately pretreatment status within 1 month after stopping therapy. The most frequently observed side effects were mild reversible anemia, fatigue and mild transient gastrointestinal symptons. 8 patients (32% of the series) exhibited sufficient toxicity to necessitate the discontinuance of therapy. 1 patient experienced an unexplained femoral arterial thrombotic episode while on the drug. Azaribine may find a place in the therapy of severe psoriasis particularly in patients with hepatic disease. However, further studies of its potential for toxicity are indicated. PMID- 1243824 TI - [In-vitro studies on the effect of drugs on albumin-bilirubin binding]. PMID- 1243826 TI - [Are microcalcifications a pathognomonic sign of breast cancer?]. PMID- 1243825 TI - [On the individualized, combined therapy of Ewing's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - With eleven patients, for whom in the period 1967-74 a diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was confirmed, it was shown how by intensifying the chemo- and radiotherapy the survival time of some patients could be prolonged. At the same time surgical therapy has become less important. The diagnostical difficulties of the histomorphological differentiation of Ewing's sarcoma from lymphosarcoma are detailed on the example of another patient. A further general intensification of the chemo- and radiotherapy is not possible as the organism's limit of acute tolerance is already reached. Any future improvement on the results of treatment seems therefore only possible if combination therapy is modified to correspond to the particular needs of the individual patient. PMID- 1243827 TI - [Morphologically detectable prestages of breast cancer]. AB - As to pathogenesis of breast carcinoma two different pathways are suggested: carcinoma de novo, without preceding breast lesion and carcinoma with preexisting intraductal epithelial proliferation (about 30%), in chronic cystic disease (mastopathy). A prospective study of 400 female patients aged 15 to 45 years revealed after bioptically verified chronic cystic disease of the breast, irrespectively of severity of chances, recurrance of lesions occured in 20% within control periods of up to 60 months. In 50% of these cases a repeat biopsy appeared to be indicated. Statistical evaluation yielded no evidence for chronic cystic disease with intraductal proliferation showing a higher rate of subsequent carcinoma than simple mastopathy without epithelial proliferation, based on 5 years period of observance. This study is to be continued, to test, if in a larger collective of patients and after a longer period of time this trend remains to be constant. PMID- 1243828 TI - [Criteria of the test of suppression of thyroid uptake of I131 by triiodothyronine]. AB - The author assessed the results of the test of the triiodothyronine (T3) suppression of the I131 absorption in 10 healthy women, 22 suffering from neurocirculatory dystrophy and 35 patients with diffuse toxic goiter. This test was found to distinctly differentiate the patients with diffuse toxic goiter and healthy persons. Reduction of absorption to the level below 15% of the indicator dose with consideration to the level of the initial absorption could be considered as criterion of the normal I131 absorption in response to the T3 administration. The mean suppression of the absorption in T3 administration in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (10.7 +/- 1.49%) displayed a significant difference from the level of mean suppression of the absorption in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (58.1 +/- 4.76%). However, in individual patients suffering from neurocirculatory dystonia the I131 absorption by the thyroid gland in T3 administration still exceeded such in healthy persons. Therefore such patients require further observation because of a possible development in them of diffuse toxic goiter. PMID- 1243829 TI - [Disturbance in the function of the spinal centers in diffuse toxic goiter in children (electromyographic study)]. AB - Peculiarities of the reflex and motor responses of the soleus muscle were studied in stimulation of the tibial nerve by stimuli of gradually increasing intensity, and also in double stimulation and against the background of contraction of the antagonistic muscles in children with diffuse goiter and in healthy individuals. In sick children an increase and a fall in the H-response amplitude with increase of the stimulation intensity occurred more rapidly than in healthy ones. A rapid restoration of the reflex response at the interval of 500 msec and greater was noted in studying the cycle of restoration of excitation of the motor cells of the anterior horn in sick children. Against the background of contraction of the antagonistic muscles the reciprocal inhibition of the reflex response of the muscle was weaker than in the healthy individuals. The data obtained led to a supposition that one of the causes of motor disturbances in case of an excess of the thyroid hormones in the organism could be a disturbance of the processes of the pre- and postsynaptic inhibition at the spinal level. PMID- 1243831 TI - Anterior horn cell degeneration as a "remote effect" of lymphoma. PMID- 1243830 TI - Psychiatric illness detection: a comparison of osteopaths and M.D.s in private family practice. PMID- 1243832 TI - [Hemipelvectomy and its anesthesiological management]. AB - Based on the study of an operative course, anesthesia and immediate postoperative period in 63 patients subjected to hemipelvectomy, it is demonstrated that the danger of early complications in these cases, at present, is not great relatively, and such operations can and must be performed, if indicated. Moreover, hemipelvectomy produces a number of specific changes in the organism that should be taken into consideration in conduction of anesthesia and corrective therapy postoperatively. Ganglionary blockade seems to be an obligatory constituent of anesthesiological provision in hemipelvectomy. PMID- 1243834 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the intestinal protein-losing syndrome as illustrated on the example of cow-milk allergy]. PMID- 1243833 TI - [The value of various investigations of amniotic fluid in the estimation of fetal maturity (author's transl)]. AB - The amniotic fluid lecithin-spingomyelin (L/S) ratio, creatinine and uric acid concentrations, percentage of organe-stained fat cells and the foam test by Clements and coworkers have been compared in 82 samples of amniotic fluid from 66 patients. The specimens were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis or amniotomy between the 24th and the 42nd week of pregnancy. The determination of the L/S ratio and the foam test seem to be reliable methods of estimating pulmonary surfactant and, hence, of predicting the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn infant. There was no RDS with an L/S ratio greater than 1.6 to 1.8. Positive foam tests also seem to be a valuable indicator of pulmonary maturity, no cases of RDS being found. However, false negative foam tests are not rare. The amniotic fluid concentration of creatinine correlated well with gestational age and birth weight. The determination of uric acid in the amniotic fluid is an unreliable test of fetal maturity on account of the large scatter. The percentage of orange-stained cells did not rise above 10% before the 39th week of pregnancy in most cases. PMID- 1243835 TI - [Experimental studies on chemothermal disinfection of mycotic textiles using Tryplosan]. PMID- 1243836 TI - [Effect of somatostatin and bromocriptin (CB-154) on growth hormone secretion in acromegaly]. PMID- 1243837 TI - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects of intrathecal methotrexate therapy]. PMID- 1243838 TI - [Lead-content of foodstuffs. 4. Lead-content of infant foods (author's transl)]. AB - The lead contents in more than 120 glass bottles or packages of infant foods were determined. About 75% of the values were below 100 mug Pb/kg of product. The highest value was 238 mug Pb/kg. The weekly intake of a 6 month-old infant (7.2 kg body weight) fed exclusively with commercial baby foods was found to be about 320 mug Pb, or about 45 mug Pb/kg body weight. PMID- 1243839 TI - Studies on genetic transcription. II. Induced production of new morphological traits in Aspergillus ochraceus wilhelm by 2-amino-pyrimidine. PMID- 1243840 TI - [Spontaneous host plants of broad bean wilt virus. I. Communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243841 TI - Some natural weed hosts of alfalfa mosaic virus. PMID- 1243842 TI - Bersim enation disease. PMID- 1243844 TI - Efficiency of Rhizobium leguminosarum as affected by certain herbicides and nematocides. PMID- 1243843 TI - [Long lasting effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers in the soil (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243846 TI - Changes in numbers of micro-organisms during decomposition of root exudates in soil. PMID- 1243845 TI - On the relationship among weight of nodules, their leghaemoglobin and bacteroid content, dry weight, and nitrogen content of soybean. PMID- 1243847 TI - [The importance of weeds for the transmission of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. III. The influence of weeds on the infestation of potatoes by Rhizoctonia solani (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243848 TI - [Hemagglutination test and the diagnosis of food allergy]. AB - We have studied 50 children suspected to have food allergy. Their clinical diagnoses included the following: digestive trouble (prolonged diarrhoea or vomiting), abdominal pain, repetitive urticaria, angioneurotic edema, eczema. The aim of thie study has been to value the results obtained with the hemagglutination test according to Boyden, comparing them with skin tests carried out through intradermal techniques. 113 hemagglutination and skin tests with varying foods have been carried out. Nearly all the children have been tested with milk, white and yolk of egg, the most suspected foods, and also other foods depending on the data found through anamnesis. With milk (47 cases) we have obtained positivity in 12 hemagglutination tests, and in 3 skin tests. With egg (41 cases) the hemagglutination test has been positive in 14 cases, and the skin test in 5 cases. Conjunctly in the 113 cases we have obtained positive hemagglutination test in 44 cases, and positive skin test in 14 cases. In 65 cases both tests have been negative. This fact points to the necessity to realize other diagnostic tests, as well the possibility that these children have no allergic disease. Summarizing, these results support the superior value of the hemagglutination Boyden test in comparison with the skin test as diagnosic proof in food allergy. PMID- 1243849 TI - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis of pseudotumoral aspect]. PMID- 1243850 TI - [Immunoblastic sarcoma with autoimmune manifestations]. AB - The authors report a new case of immunoblastic sarcoma with autoimmune manifestations. -- The early stages suggest a virus infection of this lymphoma: - There is a hemolytic anemia which improves on chemotherapy, -- The pathological appearances are quite special, owing to the absence of malignant characteristics in the early stages of the disease and the difficulty of differentiating the tumour from a Hodgkin lymphoma. Various pathogenic theories are recalled. PMID- 1243851 TI - [Urinary excretion of glucuronic and hippuric acids in rats ingesting heated linseed oil]. AB - Nutritionally harmful substances are formed when edible vegetable oils are heated (cyclization, polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids, ...). How are these substances metabolized in animals? This work is a first attempt to experiment if these altered fatty acids or their metabolites are excreted as conjugated compounds in the urine. Weaning rats (weighing 45 g) were divided into 3 groups of 9 animals each. They received balanced diets containing 10 p. 100 by weight of lipids. In the first group, the dietary of lipids was linseed oil which had been heated for 12 hours at 275 degrees C under nitrogen (group HC275); in the second group, the linseed oil had been heated 100 hours at 200 degrees C in presence of air (group HC200). These two groups of animals were fed ad libitum. The control group (group HF) was fed a diet containing fresh linseed oil and its food consumption was restricted to the quantity eated by the HC275 group (pair feeding). Urines were collected daily from the 8th to the 15th day of experiment and pooled for each rat. Hippuric acid and glucuronic acid contents were determined in these urines. During this period the hippuric acid excretion in HC275 and HC200 groups is twice as high as in HF group (32, 35 and 17 mumoles respectively). On the other hand urinary excretion of glucoronic acid is 8 times higher in HC275 and 3 times in HC200 than in HF (2214, 739 and 269 mumoles respectively). Hippuric acid excretion is very small as compared to that of glucuronic acid. Therefore it seems that most of the compounds formed during heating of the oil or their metabolites are excreted as glucoronic acid conjugates. PMID- 1243852 TI - [Possibilities for improved production of meat and milk in state agricultural plants in Egypt]. AB - One of the possible ways of overcoming the deficit of animal protein in human nutrition is that of increasing the livestock and increasing the performance of the animals. Egypt wants to follow this way, especially utilizing the possibilities offered by the newly reclaimed land. For this purpose efficient herds must be developed in the newly reclaimed areas in large-scale production units and under optimum farming conditions. This includes above all a continuous supply of feedstuff by means of intensive field forage cultivation. Starting in August 1973, the test station for agricultural machinery of the GDR VVB Land-und Nahrungsgutertechnik at El Ghasair has investigated the problems connected with a continuous daily supply of fresh feed-stuff to large livestock (cattle) and with preservation methods suited to this aim. First results are reported of applying an advanced technology - and partly GDR farm machinery - in cultivating and harvesting green fodder and hay, using Alexandrian clover and lucern. PMID- 1243853 TI - [T-3-toxicosis as the framework of 1st appearance of the Basedow-Graves disease]. PMID- 1243854 TI - [Early identification of cancer through vaginal cytology in a venereal disease clinic]. AB - 100 women, routinely and regularly examined in a venereal disease clinic, have been investigated using Papanicolaou smears of the uterine cervix for. 1. Papanicolaou group, 2. trichomonas infection, 3. assessment of vaginal microbiology. A group III was determined in 11, a group IV/V in 2 women. Trichomonas vaginalis was present in 60% of the cases. Only 9% of the smears showed normal Doderlein bacteria; 91% contained mixed bacteria. The findings are compared with a control group and are discussed in the light of epidemiologic studies indicating the close role of certain factors in the sexual life for the development of cervical cancer. The necessity to regard this population as a high risk group in general cytological screening has been stressed, especially to the advantage of the adolescent and young females in this group. PMID- 1243855 TI - Thymus in Hashimoto's disease and focal chronic lymphoid thyroiditis. PMID- 1243856 TI - Editorial: "For some must watch, while some must sleep". PMID- 1243857 TI - Patient safety: keeping out of trouble. PMID- 1243858 TI - Safe reversal by atropine-neostigmine. PMID- 1243859 TI - The value of premedication in diminishing salivary secretions. AB - A study has been carried out on the anti-sialogogue effect of some drugs used in premedication. Among different anaesthetic agents used in this study halothane appeared to be the least effective in stimulating salivary secretions. Pethidine atropine combination proved to be very satisfactory as an anti-sialogogue. Atropine came next, where its intravenous route of administration was more satisfactory in short procedures than its intramuscular route. PMID- 1243860 TI - Postoperative mediastinal emphysema complicating endotracheal oxygen administration. PMID- 1243861 TI - The effect of aristolochic acid on the development of methyl-cholanthrene tumours in mice. AB - 1. In several experiments on groups of mice aristolochic acid administered by mouth reduced the induction rate of methyl-cholanthrene tumours. 2. In cases where such tumours were influenced their growth was slowed down. 3. If aristolochic acid treatment is started a long time after the methylcholanthrene injection its effect on carcinogenesis is weaker. 4. Oral administration gave better results than injection. 5. Pertussis vaccine seems to have no significant influence on tumour development. PMID- 1243862 TI - [Adenocarcinoma in situ and microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of Adenocarcinoma in situ respectively of microinvasive Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix uteri are reported. A review of the problem to diagnose, of the therapy and prognosis is presented. PMID- 1243863 TI - [Experiences with 2,000 conizations of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - The records and histologic specimens of 2,000 patients who underwent cold knife conization were reviewed with regard to the usefulness as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. In 81,4% further diagnostic procedures were not necessary. Intrapithelial neoplasia was demonstrated in 78% including 16,4% invasive carcinomas. The incidence of non-pathologic conditions was higher in cone specimens submitted from other hospitals or gynecologists. 85% of preinvasive and invasive epithelial neoplasia were detected by cytology. PMID- 1243864 TI - The effects of rapeseed meal fed during the growing and/or laying periods on mortality and egg production in chickens. AB - White Leghorn pullets of two strains were fed soybean or rapeseed meal during either or both the growing period and laying period in two separate experiments. Rapeseed meal may be fed to growing pullets at levels up to 17% of the diet without adversely affecting the subsequent rate of egg production or egg size. Birds fed laying diets containing 19% of rapeseed meal produced a greater egg mass per hen-day and gained more weight during the laying period when the growing diet contained rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal. Birds shifted at sexual maturity from soybean to rapeseed meal as dietary protein supplement undergo metabolic adjustment which retards the attainment of maximum rate of production and induces cannibalism. Both rate of production and egg size were lower when rapeseed meal constituted 19% of the laying diet in replacement of soybean meal as protein supplement. Mortality, exclusive of that resulting from cannibalism, was 4.1% and 4.6% respectively in the two experiments. Death from liver haemorrhage occurred only in birds of one strain which were fed rapeseed meal during the laying period and principally in birds which had been fed rapeseed meal during the growing period as well. PMID- 1243865 TI - [Incidence of diseases of the knee joint in the orthopedic-industrial medicine care of workers in the ship-building industry with regard to some industrial medicine aspects]. PMID- 1243866 TI - [Immunoglobulins on lymphocyte surfaces in lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 1243867 TI - [Surface tension (ST) of the lung and shock lung]. PMID- 1243868 TI - [On the contamination of milk and milk products with chlorinated hydrocarbons. I. Methods]. AB - A method of gaschromatographic determination of chlorinated insecticides in milk and butter in the presence of PCB's is described. The fatty components were extracted from milk after adding sodium oxalate and ethanol with diethyl ether and petrol ether. The clean up of the extracts was carried out according to a modification of the method of Hadorn and Zurcher with propylene carbonate as a selective solvent. PMID- 1243869 TI - [Light and electron microscopic changes in the small intestine mucosa in adynamic (paralytic) ileus]. AB - Light and electron microscopic changes of intestinal wall sections obtained at enterostomy in patients with intestinal paralysis are reported. The observed structural changes offered certain information on the relationship between the pathophysiological and the morphological changes in intestinal obstruction. PMID- 1243870 TI - [Peridural analgesia in chest injuries]. PMID- 1243871 TI - [Zinc in natural and artificial milk]. AB - Differences have been observed in both quantitative and qualitative zinc content in human as well as cow milk and colostrum compared to the milk powder preparations which are commonly used as baby's food. It is noteworth that in unprocessed milk and colostrum zinc was present mainly as casein-dependent element, whereas the remaining part of it consisted of immunoglobulin fraction, and only traces were found in the free state. In milk powders zinc showed concentrations lower than in the natural food, and was present mainly as free or protein-independent element. The immunoglobulin fraction of zinc was practically absent from these preparations, while it was found to be a specific component of the natural food (that is, colostrum and milk from all the species examined in the present study). PMID- 1243872 TI - [Pathological findings after PVNO treatment of human anthracosilicosis]. PMID- 1243873 TI - [Comparison of ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy, radiology, functional analysis and clinical aspects in bronchitis, emphysema and pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 1243874 TI - Future trends in nutrition: fats and oils. PMID- 1243875 TI - A case of generalized lymphosarcoma with bilateral lacrimal gland involvement. PMID- 1243876 TI - [Histopathological study on the course of a dermatophytic disease]. AB - Histological study of cutaneous biopsies of an algerian girl with a "dermatophytic disease" (cf. supra Marill and al.). During the six first years of evolution diagnosis of mycosis had not been made for no specific fungus staining was done, but the fungus was present in the tissues. Vesicular forms and few filaments were seen in the first biopsies but polymorphism increased with the time and filaments became predominant and very abundant at the end of the disease. PMID- 1243877 TI - [Fatal evolution of a dermatophytic disease due to Trichophyton schonleini]. AB - The patient, the last of three children, died at 22 of a "dermatophytic disease" (Hadida et Schousboe) of probably trichophytic origin (T. schonleini) after eight years of evolution. Anterioraly her two brothers died respectively at II (six years) and 13 (seven years of evolution). Discussion of clinical, diagnosis and physio-pathologic features and of a familial immunological defect. PMID- 1243878 TI - Studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khuzestan, Iran. Part II. The status of sandflies. AB - In these studies, more than 25,000 specimens were collected from different parts of Khuzestan Province. Sandflies were caught by aspirator from indoor, and with sticky traps from outdoor resting places. We found 10 species of Phlebotomus and 12 species of Sergentomyia in our studies. The sandfly season extends from March through late November. There are two peaks in the density curve of most species in plain and littoral areas, one in early June and the second in late September; in mountainous areas there is a peak in the density curve in September. PMID- 1243880 TI - [Cell culture of snails. Their use in the study of immunologic host-parasite relationships in schistosomiasis]. AB - The host-parasite relationship between Schistosoma mansoni and the snail Biomphalaria glabrata is so complex that its experimental study needs some particularly working methods: for instance molluscan organs and tissue's cultures. In the experiment described we report that digestive gland's cells cultures were grown on synthetic cultural medium. This one contained a physiological salt solution and a basal nutrient medium consisting of foetal calf serum, chicken embryo extract and amino-acids. In this case we observed good growth and multiplication of the digestive gland cells. This preliminary experiment has to be used in immunological studies regarding the origin and the mode of acquisition of the snail antigen by the cercariae membrane. PMID- 1243879 TI - [The first case of distomatosis in Upper Volta]. AB - Distomatosis was not reported in Upper-Volta before this first case described in Bobo-Dioulasso. However this disease becomes more frequent in West Africa. Exact parasitologic diagnosis was impossible between Paragonimus and Poichilorchis congolensis with the clinical, anatomical data of this first observation. PMID- 1243881 TI - [Epidemiologic and parasitologic survey concerning the Hassan Addakhil dam and branches to the Tafilalet province (Morocco, May-June 1975)]. AB - In conclusion we know human and animal gathering is usually required for the development of water invertebrate populations, and particularly Bulinus contortus or Culicidae larvae, in a water system polluted with excrements or sewage. Such conditions are not those of Hassan Addakhil lake and the latter is not to-day, on its surface, a source of contamination. As we report p. 486, the study of an eventual increase of malaria and bilharzia endemia due to new aval more or less distant irrigations, belongs to the control of the Hygiene Institute of Morocco and collaborators of physicians of the Tafilalet province. This item will be discussed later on. PMID- 1243882 TI - [Anthihelminthic activity of pyrantel pamoate administered in mass treatment of an isolated population of the South Pacific]. AB - A stool examination survey on the Wuvulu island population in Papua-New Guinea let be shown off the high incidence of two helminthiasis, ascariasis and trichocephalosis (75-4 0/0 and 70 0/0 of the tested subjects) compared to the low incidence of ankylostomiasis (7 0/0). With pyrantel pamoate administered in one oral dose of 10 mg by kg of weight, results are excellent in ascariasis with 97-7 0/0 success. The efficiency is only partial in ankylostomiasis with that small dose. It is quite well tolerated and may be used in mass treatment and, taking into account the special characteristics of that small and far away island, an attempt to eradicate ascariasis through systematic reiterated treatments is being carried out. PMID- 1243883 TI - [A winter seasonal biotope of Culex pipiens autogenicus]. AB - The authors describe an epigeal winter seasonal biotope of "culex pipiens autogenicus. The biotope consists of the irrigation system of the large Bervedere park of Tunis city. During the cold and rainy season the irrigation system is abandoned. Many water pools are formed in it in which C. pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata multiply. In summer the operation of the irrigation system brings about the disparition of the nests of larvae. Breeding performed from larvae collected in nature pointed out the autogenous and stenogam characters. Morphologically the specimens correspond to autogenous forms. The importance of the investigations is the evolution of the C. pipiens autogenic species in external nests of larvae during winter was pointed out. PMID- 1243884 TI - Mites of medical and veterinary importance in Iran. PMID- 1243885 TI - [Ciguatera in the Maldive Islands]. AB - In the Maldives archipelago, constituted of coral islands, where pollution is practically non-existent and where fish is the staple food of the inhabitants, ciguatera is almost unknown. The authors compares these findings with those observed in the Seychelles islands, where pollution seems to be relatively significant and ciguatera very rare. He thinks that pollution can only play a very slight part in the etiology of this intoxication. PMID- 1243886 TI - [Study of rickettsias harbored by ticks (acaria, ixodoidea) in south-eastern France]. PMID- 1243887 TI - [New human helminthiases in Laos. I. Nematoda]. PMID- 1243888 TI - [New helminthiases in Laos. II. Plathelminths]. PMID- 1243889 TI - A survey on the prevalence of echinococcosis in Shahre-Kord, Iran. PMID- 1243890 TI - The species of mallophaga in wild birds in Iran. AB - Up to date 2 species of Mallophaga have been reported from birds in Iran. Further studies in Tehran area showed that the wild birds harbour more lice. The following species of Mallophage are reported for the first time from birds in Iran. Anaticola crassicornis from Anas clypeata, Laemobothrion maximum from Falco tinnunculus Laemobothrion sp. from Aquila chrysaetos Alcedoecus annulatus from Alcedo athis, Colpocephalum pectinatum and Strigiphilus sp. from Streptopelia turtur, Amrysidea fulvomaculata from Coturnix coturnix, philopterus picae from pica pica, Philopterus ocellatus and Colpocephalum pectinatum from Athene noctua, Philopterus sp. from Turdus ruficollis, Upupicola upupae from Upupa epops, Amyrsidea hexapilosus from Phasianus colchicus, Colpocephalum sp. from Falco cherrug. PMID- 1243891 TI - Demodectic mange in the eyelid of domestic ruminants in Iran. PMID- 1243892 TI - [The health of Central African students at the time of their arrival in France]. PMID- 1243893 TI - [Eosinophilic ascites. Apropos of a case study in Saigon]. PMID- 1243894 TI - [Studies on pterois stings]. PMID- 1243896 TI - Fungi isolated from asthmatic homes in the Taipei area. AB - Indoor fungi in Taipei were surveyed during 1969-1974 using Sabouraud's agar plates. No remarkable yearly variation of fungal incidence was observed. The fungal population was found to be different from home to home. The dominant members were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mycelia sterila, Oospora, Rhodotorula, Hormodendrum and yeasts. The order of frequency of fungi found indoors was quite different from that of outdoor fungi. The fungal spores were more numerous during summer months, and this trend was more apparent for Aspergillus, Oospora, Rhodotorula, and Hormodendrum. The kind and the incidence of fungi found in asthmatic homes were not different from those detected in non-asthmatic homes, except that in asthmatic homes there were greater numbers of fungi. PMID- 1243895 TI - Observations on the host-parasite relations between Echinostoma revolutum and lymnaeid snails. AB - Echinostoma revolutum from Taiwan was studied in lymneid snails at 29 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Given 3-5 miracidia, 95% of Lymnaea ollula and 40% of Lymnaea swinhoei became positive; the prepatent periods were 18 and 25 days, respectively. The following are based on the observations in Lymnaea ollula: The time required for miracidial penetration was about one hour. The sporocysts developed only in the ventricle of the snail but mother rediae developed in the heart and other organs. Mature daughter rediae were not found in the heart cavity. The sporocysts reached the ventricle within 3 days. Mother rediae were released after 6 days and daughter rediae after 8 days. Given 5 miracidia, 1-3 sporocysts reached the heart and 2-20 mother rediae were found per snail. The number of mature daughter rediae was usually 100-200 although more than a thousand may develop in a snail. The sporocysts and mother rediae attained maximal size 9 days postinfection and started degeneration 13 days postinfection. Daughter rediae were largest at the beginning of cercarial emergence and decreased in size thereafter. Simultaneous production of daughter rediae and cercariae by the mother redia was seen only once in this snail mature cercariae were obtained in 10 days postinfection. The cercariae emerged from a small area of mantle collar near the posterior corner of shell aperture. They were negatively phototactic and positively geotactic. An estimation showed that each snail shed about 350 cercariae a day. The cercariae reached the pericardial cavity of snail in one hour via the renal orifice and metacercariae were seen 4-5 hours after exposure. The infectivity of cercariae at various times after shedding, as expressed by cyst recovery rates, were: 51.6%, O hr old; 76.1%, 2-hr; 68% 4-hr; 32%, 6-hr; 3%, 8 and 10-hr. Cyst recovery rates were not different within the dosage of 50-500 cercariae per snail. Most metacercariae recovered 1-2 days after cercarial exposure were viable; only 5 among 6,533 cysts were dead. PMID- 1243897 TI - The efficacy of killed Trypanosoma evansi vaccines in mice. AB - Four strains of Trypanosoma evarsi (D3, D4, D5 and D6) isolated from German shepherd dogs were inoculated into mice, and infected blood was used to prepare 9 separate killed vaccines. White mice inoculated with 1:100 diluted PBS vaccine, 0.5% carbol vaccine, or 100% Lugol vaccine showed survival rates of more than 60%. Among these 3 vaccines PBS vaccine and 0.5% carbol vaccine showed higher survival rates at 1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions, respectively. When young mice (15 20 g) were immunized with PBS vaccine, they resisted challenge with homologous strains, D3 strain in single injection, D6 strain in double injections and all strains in 5 injections. Protection however was not observed in old mice (25-30 g) give the same vaccine preparation. When mice were vaccinated with a single injection of D3 vaccine and challenged with heterologous strains, only those challenged with D4 strain at 10-5 dilution showed a survival rate of more than 60%. There was no difference in protective ability among PBS vaccine, agar adjuvant and kaolin adjuvant vaccines. Agglutinating antibody was demonstrated in mice receiving 5 injections of PBS vaccine. PMID- 1243898 TI - Prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among military conscripts in Taiwan. PMID- 1243899 TI - [Whey as a culture medium]. PMID- 1243900 TI - [Trial of experimental induction of cerebral metastasis in the rabbit carrying a VX2 tumor]. AB - Numerous factors remain unknown as far as the mechanism of induction of cerebral metastases is concerned. Where as of cancer give metastases more readily than others, especially cerebral metastases, the neoplastic embolus can be either eliminated or remain in place in a state of quiescence. What is the role played by the blood brain barrier from a pathophysiological point of view? Is there a mechanism which prevents central nervous system metastases? What is the importance of individual variation? We attempted to induce cerebral metastases in VX2 carcinoma carrying rabbits to look for an approach to these problems and to create an experimental model of cerebral metastase. The VX2 carcinoma is easily transplantable and its biological characteristics are well known. The VX2 tumor is implanted in the thigh of the rabbits and is used in the experimentation starting two weeks following the take of the graft; the tumor is surgically resected and a solution containing approximatively 50,000 tumor cells for 0,1 ml is prepared. This solution is inoculated via the carotid artery to the same rabbit or to another rabbit of the same breed either or intrathecal way into the brain. Death occurred 6 to 20 days later and was followed by a complete pathological survey. The results were the following: --The inoculation via the carotid artery, even with very highly concentrated solution was never followed by any recognizable brain metastasis. --The inoculation intrathecaly produced only extraparenchymatous metastases where as the direct intracerebral inoculation was followed by the occurence of intracerebral metastases. PMID- 1243901 TI - [First attempts at fattening of zebus in Upper Volta]. PMID- 1243903 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1243902 TI - [Electroencephalographic characteristics of acute intoxication by mecloqualone (Nubarene) and by methaqualone (Mandrax)]. PMID- 1243904 TI - [Pancreatic echotomography : use, value and limits in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1243905 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the liver scintigraphy in chronic liver diseases : comparison with liver needle biopsy]. PMID- 1243906 TI - [Renal insufficiency in liver cirrhosis and in hepato-renal syndrome]. PMID- 1243907 TI - A review of the surgical treatment of the ophthalmopathy of Graves' disease with emphasis on newer techniques in lid surgery. PMID- 1243908 TI - [Causes of unfavorable outcome of surgical treatment of injuries of the menisci of the knee joint]. AB - The results of meniscetomy in 480 patients are analysed. Late results were folowed up in 435 of them. Poor issues were noted in 19 cases (4.4%). The main causes of failure were as follows: a delayed and inadequately radical surgery. PMID- 1243909 TI - [Functional state of the liver in patients with malignant neoplasms, operated on with the use of ganglionic blockaders and moderate hypotension]. AB - The functional state of the liver studied in 411 patients with malignant neoplasms undergoes the least variations under conditions of surgery with ganglionary blockade and moderate hypotension (not less than 90 mm Hg). These patients showed the best indices of protein metabolism and the status of the blood coagulation system, as well as activation of spontaneous anticoagulation. Complications in these patients were observed, but rather more rarely than in patients operated upon without using ganglionary blockade. PMID- 1243910 TI - [Importance of certain laboratory studies in the initial forms of disorders of the thyroid gland function]. PMID- 1243911 TI - Cycles of aggression in the male three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). AB - Data were collected to determine whether there are intrinsic, short-term cycles of aggression during the reproductive stage in the male three-spined stickleback. The subjects were studied in the lab, where model female-female were presented for 10 + min. The frequency of court-ship behavior, biting, and a variety of nest activities were measured, as a function of time. It was found that biting does undergo regular and striking internal fluctuations, and that this is correlated with the cycling of a number of other behaviors. PMID- 1243912 TI - [Anaerobic glycolysis in the vagotomized lung of the rat (preliminary note)]. PMID- 1243913 TI - High incidence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in apparently healthy school children: epidemiological and clinical study. AB - An epidemiological survey on the incidence of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was performed in 10,220 apparently healthy school children in Ishikawa district, Japan. The subject of present study included 6,244 school children (2,831 boys and 3,413 girls, ages 6-18 yrs.) in Kanazawa City and 3,976 children (2,055 boys and 1,921 girls, ages 6-18 yrs.) in Wajima City. The first group was selected as a representative of urban area and the second group as that of seaside area. Children who have goiter or firm thyroid were selected for testing antithyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies in sera. Final diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was made on histological specimen obtained by needle biopsy on the antibody positive subjects. The overall incidence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in these children was 3.0 per 1,000, whereas the incidence in adolescent girls was as high as 8.2 per 1,000. There was a considerable sex difference in the prevalence, the ratio of female to male was 6.5:1, and the incidence increased with age. The incidence in seaside area was 5.3 per 1,000 that was significantly higher than in urban area, 1.4 per 1,000 (p less than 0.005). Histologically, 26 of 30 cases (87%) were classified as focal thyroiditis and 4 cases (13%) were diffuse thyroiditis. Serum T4-I and T3 values within normal range in all patients, but resting TSH was elevated in 1 of 23 cases and TSH response to TRH was exaggerated in 3 of 23 cases. Impaired organification of iodide was observed in 6 of 32 cases by iodide-perchlorate discharge test. The present study demonstrates that juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is highly prevalent among apparently healthy school children and early recognition of the disease with preventive care for hypothyroidism in future should be stressed. PMID- 1243914 TI - [Clinical studies on autoimmune mechanisms of the thyroid. Part 2. Studies on measurements of serum thyroblobulin concentrations in patients with various thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The present report deals with the measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in various thyroid disorders by using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results were as follows: 1) A specific and simple solid-state RIA for the measurement of Tg in human serum was used. This system was a direct RIA using plactic cups coated with crude anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) and 125I labeled purified anti-Tg. The purification of anti-Tg was performed by affinity chromatography using Tg Sepharose, as an immunoadsorbent. 2) Affinity chromatography was carried out using a modification of the method of Cuatrecasas. The immunoadsorbent (Tg Sepharose conjugate) was used in a column procedure for the isolation of anti-Tg from globulin fractions obtained from Hashimoto's sera. The elution was performed with 4M NaI or 0.17M Glycine-HCl with pH 2.3. The eluted materials contained a very small amount of Tg which was removed by Sephadex G-200 chromatography using the same elution buffer. The high purity of the anti-Tg obtained was demonstrated by the fact that almost all of the final product was bound with Tg by using Sepahdex G-200 chromatography. 3) A direct RIA consisting of two incubation steps was applied for Tg measurement. During the first incubation, standard Tg or Tg in serum was bound to the antibody coated cup. After washing, equal amounts of radioactive purified anti-Tg were incubated with the bound Tg. The cups were then washed again, and counted separately. The radioactive counts thus obtained, increased with the amounts of Tg bound to the anti-Tg by the first incubation. The sensitivity of the assay was 4 ng/ml. T3 and T4 did not cross-react against Tg, and did not interfere with the binding between Tg and 125I-anti-Tg. A dilution curve was constructed using the serum of a patient with Graves' disease; the post-operative serum contained a very high level of Tg. This curve paralleled the standard curve. By adding constant Tg to a normal serum or Graves' serum, Tg recovery was good. However, in regard to Hashimoto's serum, Tg recovery was unsatisfactory. 4) Serum Tg concentrations were measured in patients with various thyroid disorders. .. PMID- 1243915 TI - [Clinical studies on autoimmune mechanisms of the thyroid Part II. Leucocyte migration inhibiton studies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in Graves' disease (author's transol)]. AB - The Leucocyte migration inhibiton test (LMT) using the agaraose plate technique according Clausen was performed in 19 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 23 patients with Graves' disease, and in 17 normal subjects. A series of leucocyte suspensions was preincubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. with crude thyroid extract (Crude), purified thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid microsomes (Micr) in concentrations of 500, 300 and 100 muml, respectively together with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the control. Then, each of the aliquots of 7 mul of leucocyte suspension 1.5 million leucocytes, preincubated with various antigens of PBS, was placed into 4 wells, 2 in each of 2 agarose plates, followed by a 2nd incubation for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, in 2 per cent CO2 with 98 per cent atomospheric air, resulting in a pH of between 7.2 and 7.4. After the incubation, the migration areas were studied and measured by planimetry. The degree of migration inhibition was expressed as a migration index (MI); that is, the ratio of the average extent of migration of the leucocytes cultured with antigens to that of control. The MI values for normal subjects against Crude, Tg and Micr were 97.6 +/- 6.8 (mean +/- S.D)%, 97.8 +/- 4.2%, and 95.5 +/- 5.3%, respectively. Low MI values, below 2 S.D. of the normal, were regarded as positive results. The rate of positive LMT in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were 32%, 46% and 31% against Crude, Tg and Micr, respectively. In Graves' disease, they were 35%, 50% and 41% for the same antigens, respectively. In 68--68% of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease, positive LMT was at least shown with one of the three antigens. In Graves' disease, there was no correlation between MI values and the presence of long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS). In untreated patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease with a short clinical course, the migration inhibiton factor against Tg or Micr was found to be positive in a remarkably high rate. On the other hand, the levels of circulating antibodies in the serum tended to show high titers in patients with long duration, comparing with those with short duration. From the histological findings obtained by needle biopsy of thyroid tissue, grade of lymphocytic infiltration was found to be significantly correlated with the degree of reduction in MI values. From these observations, it is concluded that MIF against Tg can easily be detected by the agarose plate technique and that cellular immunity may play a more important role in the initial phase of autoimmune thyroid diseases than the later phase, in which the serum levels of circulating antibodies are becoming predominant. PMID- 1243916 TI - Weight, height, thorax and of menarche in Spanish schoolgirls. AB - In this paper, the authors study the correlation which exists between somatic development, represented by weight, height and thorax, and the age of onset of menarche. The results indicate that girls showing early menarche have a somatic development greater than the mean. It has also been possible to show that the greatest increase in height occurs before the menarche, while the greatest increase in weight coincides with the appearance of the menarche, or occurs shortly afterwards. PMID- 1243917 TI - Intrathecal radioisotopes and phlebography in investigation of ventriculo-atrial shunts in children. AB - The Authors describe their experience in investigating the functioning and patency of ventriculo-venous shunts in hydrocephalic patients. They examined 41 hydrocephalic children with Pudenz valves, with radioisotope techniques. The radioactive tracers were administered by the lumbar route, by the ventricular route, or directly into the shunt. For lumbar or ventricular administration 131I HSA, 99mTc-HSA and 169Yb-DPTA were used, whilst 99mTCO4 was the only isotope used for direct introduction into the shunt, effected by piercing the pump of the Pudenz system. The results of these investigations show that introduction of the isotope into the shunt allows obtaining morphological information, depending on the patency of the shunt and on the site of any obstruction. It also provides information about the functioning of the shunt, depending on the presence of hyper- or hypo-shunting. In cases where revision of the distal catheter might be necessary, moreover, phlebographic investigations of the superior vena cava were made. These proved to be particularly useful for indicating the patency of the affluent veins of the heart, thus enabling a precise surgical schedule to be planned prior to operation. PMID- 1243918 TI - [Pharmokinetics of iodoxamic acid in man]. PMID- 1243919 TI - [Determination of maximum transport of a new contrast medium for intravenous cholangiography]. PMID- 1243920 TI - [Linear and non linear models of the kinetics of biliotropic contrast media]. PMID- 1243921 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of iodoxamic acid, drop by drop, in patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 1243922 TI - [Personal experience with Endobil in the diagnosis of biliary tract diseases in children]. PMID- 1243923 TI - [Hepato-bilary scintigraphy with iodoxamic acid and I-131 rose bengal]. PMID- 1243924 TI - [Experiment compared between iodoxamidic acid and ioglycamic acid, in flasks drop by drop. Observations of adverse reactions]. PMID- 1243925 TI - [Study of intravenous cholangio-cholecystography with a meglumine salt of iodoxamic acid with research on fibrinolysis]. PMID- 1243926 TI - [Cholecystocholangiography in children]. PMID- 1243927 TI - [Further data on primary pulmonary lymphosarcoma (with reference to the incidence of pulmonary cancer in Perugia from 1965 to 1975)]. PMID- 1243928 TI - [Amputation of the ankle region and its indication for intractable plantar ulcer in leprosy patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243929 TI - [The epidemiological study on leprosy in the Ryukyu Island. The 2nd report: On the geographical status (author's transl)]. PMID- 1243930 TI - [Rickettsial infections in the etiology of chronic arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 1243931 TI - [Investigation on wheat varieties of better protein quantity and quality (author's transl)]. AB - A research has been conducted on several hundreds of cultivars and selection lines of bread wheat to find out new varieties of better nutritive characteristics. For a coarse evaluation of protein quantity and quality, a screening method (dyebinding capacity, DBC) was utilized. On the same samples, nitrogen was determined also by the Kjeldahl method; in some cases aminoacids analysis was carried out. A very high correlation was found between protein content and DBC and, even higher in this case, between DBC and lysine content (in samples with a high DBC). In this way it has been possible to sort out a certain number of varieties of interest from a nutritive standpoint and in relation to their protein and essential amino acids contents. The importance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1243932 TI - Effect of age and duration of meal-eating on body composition and on lipogenesis and cellularity of adipose tissue in male rats. AB - Several studies indicate that in rats changing the rhythm of feeding from nibbling to meal-eating results in hyperlipogenesis and higher body fat deposition. Among the factors influencing this phenomenon, the effects of age and duration of treatment are not yet clear. Male rats of 4, 6, 12 and 18 weeks have been meal-fed (two 1-hour meals per day) for 5, 10, 20 and 30 days. Pair-fed Nibblers were used as controls. Adipocyte diameters and number from epididymal adipose tissues were determined, and lipogenesis measured my glucose-U-14-C incorporation into lipids. The results show that cellularity, glucose-U-14-C incorporation into adipocyte lipids and CO2 and body fat deposition are not affected by short-term meal-eating treatment in growing animals. In the adult rats, only after 30 days do the parameters studied show significant higher values in the meal-eating animals. The results are discussed in view of the possible interrelationships among the different factors influencing animal response to modifications in feeding frequency. PMID- 1243933 TI - [Influence of the degree of nonvitreousness on durum wheat semolina characteristics (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of nonvitreous kernels in durum wheat adversely influences milling yield, protein content and pasta manufacturing quality of semolina. From the results obtained, we can infer that the proportion of these negative effects is related to the degree of nonvitreousness exhibited by the kernels. Consequently, to define nonvitreousness and to establish proper methods for its determination, we have to take into consideration not only the percent of nonvitreous kernels but also the degree of nonvitreousness exhibited. PMID- 1243934 TI - [Studies on buffalo milk. XI. Heterogeneity of the buffalo k-casein and the less moving fractions treated with 2-mercaptoethanol (author's transl)]. AB - The heterogeneity of the buffalo k-casein, treated with 2-mercaptoethanol, has been estimated by disk gel-polyacrylamide electrophoresis on 428 caseins isolated from individual milks. The investigation showed six electrophoretic fractions: A, B, C, D, E, F, that, in ten buffalo farms considered formed ten different groups: ABCDEF; ABCDE; ABCEF; ABCE; BCDE; CDEF; BCE; CDE; CEF; and CE. The group ABCDE is the only that is present in all ten farms considered and presents on the whole, the greater number of observations (161). The fraction C is the most abundant. The investigation showed the heterogeneity of the gamma fraction, showing five electrophoretic fractions: A, B, C, D, E, that constitute the nine following groups; ABCDE; ABCD; BCDE; ABD; BCD; ABC; BD; BC and AB. At present a possible correlation to genetic factors seems hazardous. PMID- 1243935 TI - [Improvement of the concentration method of the "head space" above wine for direct gas chromatographic analysis by means of two absorbent polymers (author's transl)]. AB - It has been defined, in a previous work, a procedure for the "head space" gas chromatographic analysis. This method allowed the separation of 17 volatile constituents, utilizing Porapak Q, either as trap or chromatographic adsorbent. A series of new experiences have improved this precedure, adopting as trap two polymers (Porapak Q, copolymer of the ethyl-vinyl-benzene divinyl-benzene; Tenax GC porous polymer 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenilene oxide) and two different chromatographic phases. Furthermore, it has been entirely modified the introduction of the sample into the gas chromatographic column simplifying the handling and improving the operative conditions (times and temperature of desorption). The analysis of the "head space" carried out on wines of different aromatic compositions (Riesling) and on wines at different degree of ageing (Rubesco), besides having allowed the separation of 61 volatile components, 27 of which have identified, has put in evidence the sensitivity of this procedure. PMID- 1243936 TI - [Adding calcium salts and sulphur dioxide for preserving firmness and colour of frozen cauliflower (author's transl)]. AB - The results of trials aimed to keep colour and firmness of frozen cauliflower during storage, by pretreatments based on Calcium salts and SO2 impregnation are referred here. Among the different procedures tested, that of introducing under vacuum gaseous SO2 at low pressure, followed by soaking in CaCl2 0,1 N solution has shown the best efficaceousness. PMID- 1243937 TI - [Falvour chemistry: actuality and new trend of the researches (author's transl)]. AB - In this article are described the most interting fields of research: biosynthesis of the flavours and flavour precursors. Last field of investigation useful for the indexes of quality are the works on the code of the flavours. PMID- 1243938 TI - [Reduction of pesticide residues in vegetables by means of processing and canning operations (author's transl)]. AB - Pesticide residues may be present in vegetables and may affect human health. Processing and canning operations substantially reduce these residues and help to maintain them at acceptable levels. The percentage of removal depends on the type of vegetable, the type of pesticide used and the processing procdure applied. The effects of washing, blanching, peeling and juice extraction on the removal of some insecticide residues from different vegetables are described and discussed, also with regerence to the present day situation in Italy. PMID- 1243939 TI - [Preliminary research on the chlorate insecticides and phosphoric esters content in some italian boneys. (author's transl)]. AB - The author shows the results of a research on chlorine-organic pesticides and phosphoric esters content of some Italian honeys. Of 12 insecticides investigated, only 7 are resulted present in measurable quantities and their concentration has been revealed always modest; therefore the risk of pollution is very small. In any case the main object of this research was to set up a method of identification and dosage of the pesticides and to show its validity. PMID- 1243940 TI - [The proline content of Sardinian wines (author's transl)]. AB - It has been carried out a study relating the contained in Prolina of Sardinian wines. By the results obtain it has been possible to record that the 5% of samples has a contained in Prolina below 100 mg/1, 29% between 100 and 300 mg/1, an other 29% between 300 and 500 mg/1, the 30% between 500 and 800 mg/1 and 7% has a contained in Prolina superior 800 mg/1. PMID- 1243941 TI - [Proportion of proline in wines from province of Trapani produces in 1973/74 and 1974/75 years, determinated with changed Ough's method (author's transl)]. AB - The proportion of proline in tested wines, has given values between 670 and 1110 mg/1, with 920 mg/1 on an average. The tests have been executed with Ough's method replacing the mixture Isopropanolo diluited 1 : 1 by water, with N Butanolo, by which we have obtained the best reproductivity of values in time. PMID- 1243942 TI - [Letter: Child malnutrition in Italy]. PMID- 1243943 TI - [Conditioning of food products ; review of various current solutions]. PMID- 1243944 TI - [Current role and the future perspectives in the use of cold in food industry]. PMID- 1243945 TI - [Progresses in the concentration of foodstuffs (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports a description and a comparison of three concentration techniques: evaporation, freeze-concentration and reverse osmosis. The discussion is particularly concerned with the problems of aroma losses and retention and, for evaporation, the problems of heat damage and fouling. The increase in viscosity with concentration and the markedly non-newtonian behaviour of most food products are such that only evaporation allows to achieve high concentrations. The major progresses in evaporation plants and techniques are discussed in terms of heat transfer efficiency and residence time. Freeze concentration and reverse osmosis are suitable for pre-concentration up to 30-35 10Brix of heat sensitive and aromarich products PMID- 1243946 TI - [Chemical and nutritional evaluation of commercial bakery products for children (author's transl)]. AB - Various bakery products, differing in either composition or processing, all widely consumed in Italy by school children, have been studied. Protein, lipid, reducing and total sugars, amino acid and available lysine contents have been determined, as well as biological parameters have been calculated to verify hypotheses about growth factors. The products examined have low protein biological value and the proteins are considerably demaged by technological processing. Lysine, always the limiting amino-acid in these proteins, is shown to be unavailable in percentages varying from 20 to 60% of the total lysine. Upon describing growth as a function of protein content, the correlation improves considerably. Furthermore, when this variable, protein content, is associated with the corrected chemical score in a linear model, the correlation reaches even higher values. PMID- 1243947 TI - [Progresses in the preparation of protein hydrolysates for the treatment of diseases related to aminoacid metabolism disorders (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described for the preparation of a protein hydrolysate to be used in diets for the treatment of the diseases primarily related to disorder of amino acid Metabolism. The method is based on the use of ion-exchange resins to avoid the use of mineral acids so that the time of hydrolysis is reduced to 7 hrs and aminoacids destroyed in the usual industrial preparations are protected. Yields of 70% are obtained with an hydrolysis ratio of 90%. These results allow the preparation of hydrolysates with a high chemical score in which the aminoacid responsible for the diseases primarily related to disorder of amino acid Metabolism symtoms have been removed. PMID- 1243948 TI - [Serum free aminoacid levels in a group of hyperuricemic subjects from the Aosta Valley (author's transl)]. AB - The behavior of serum free aminoacids has been analyzed in a group of 31 hyperuricemic subjects and in a control group of 26 normal subjects. In the hyperuricemic males it has been observed a remarkable decrease of glycine and arginine values, while in the hyperuricemic females it has been noted a decrease in serum glycine and serine. The results are discussed. PMID- 1243949 TI - [First results of varietal comparison and nitrogen fertilization of rapeseed in Italy (author's transl)]. AB - Some experiments of varietal comparison of various cultivars of rapeseed were carried out, determining the productivity, the oil yield and the analytical characteristics of the oils. Moreover the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the seed production and on oil characteristics were tested. The achieved results have pointed out that, referring to the chosen environment, the cv. "Matador" and "Leonessa" show the highest seed and oil productions, whereas oils extracted from the cv. "Sinus", "Erusine" and "Sinera" contain the minor quantities of erucic acid. It seem that nitrogen fertilization exerts no appreciable influence on rapeseed oil composition. The possibility of the utilization of cv. with law content in erucic acid confirms the practical validity of the cultivation of rapeseed as on oil plant. PMID- 1243950 TI - [Editorial: Social nutrition]. PMID- 1243951 TI - [The cholesterol level of egg yolk. A review (author's transl)]. AB - The author, on the basis of research conducted over the last thirty years, demonstrates that the cholesterol content of the egg yolk is 20% less than the level assumed in Italian and French law and based on outdated research. She also shows that the level varies for genetic and environmental reasons and also according to the method of analysis. Finally it is demonstrated that hens' eggs contain much less cholesterol than those of other fowls. PMID- 1243952 TI - [Progress in food technology: sterilization processes (author's transl)]. AB - The results of the investigations on the behaviour of micro-organisms begun in about 1920 and deepened in more recent years, together with a better knowledge of the mechanism of heat, penetration, have been the basis for the conception and the realization of a large number of sterilization processes, sterilizers and containers allowing a quicker heat exchange to be obtained and higher sterilization temperatures to be used, with the manufacture of preserved food of better quality as a result. Aseptic filling processes, continuous sterilizers with the a can kept rotating or agitated by different means, heat exchangers with mixing of heating medium and food, scraped-surface heat exchangers and containers made of aluminium plastics laminates are being used more and more extensively. The improvement of heat sterilization processes has enabled the use of chemical preservatives to be reduced and to be limited to those surely fase for the health of the consumer. Sterilization by ionizing radiation, which seemed to be so promising at birth, has marked time in these last years and because of the doubts raised as to the harmlessness of radiation-treated foods and other drawbacks it has a present no prospects of application on a commercial scale. PMID- 1243953 TI - [Level of red blood cell phosphorilated compounds in nutritional anemias (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with the determination of red blood cell phosphorilated compounds, by automated ion exchange chromatography, in clinically healthy subjects, in two patients with hypochomic iron deficiency anemia and in four patients with macrocytic folic acid deficiency anemia. In the cases of nutritional anemia examined significant variations in the level of glycolitic phosphorilated compounds have been observed. The total acid-soluble phosphate content presents a marked increase in patients with anemia, compared with clinically healthy subjects. Very high increase in the 2,3 DPG, F1, 6DP, R5P, G1, 6DP and IMP red blood cell content is observed. On the contrary, ATP red blood cell concentration presents a marked decrease in all the patients. PMID- 1243954 TI - [A study of N/H2O ratios in Sprague-Dawley rats under variable conditions and its use for routine NPU determinations (author's transl)]. AB - Nitrogen to body-water ratios were determined in a colony of rats of the Sprague Dawley strain in order to investigate variations under variable conditions of age and diet. The study was conducted in order to verify the accuracy of body Nitrogen calculation from body-water determinations for the given colony under different experimental conditions. Only male animals were studied. The effect of age was studied for the intevals of 21, 28, 31, 42, 51, 84, and 126 days. N/H2O ratios were shown to increase exponentially with age within the range taken in consideration. Separate regression equations are given for 21 to 31 and for 31 to 51 day old animals relating the N/H2O ratio with age. The relationship between quality and quantity of protein of diets and the N/H2O ratio was investigated in 21 to 31 day old animals only. The N/H2O ratio was significantly higher in the animals fed the protein-free diet and diets with NPU less than 40. For these groups the factor 4.12 was obtained. Animals fed diets with NPU's ranging between 50 and 80 gave a factor of 3.94. For diets with NPU ranging from 50 to 80, the variation of the dietary protein level between 10 and 18% did not appear to influence the N/H2O ratio. NPU values calculated from analitically determined body Nitrogen were compared with NPU value calculated from body Nitrogen estimated using the established N/H2O ratios. The two sets of values are in good agreement supporting the use of the short-cut method for routine NPU determinations, given the appropriate factors are applied. It is recommended that such factors be experimentally determined for each own colony of rats. PMID- 1243955 TI - [Chemical characteristics of "artificial wines" (author's transl)]. AB - A wide investigation has been carried out in order to evidenciate the differences of composition between "artificial wines" and genuine wines. "Artificial wines" have been produced by fermentation of mixtures of different amounts of wine making by-products (less, pomaces and press-wines), water and sucrose. The results showed, in particular, that "artificial wines" have a very low content of both malic acid and proline and a high content of nitrates. Significant differences have been also found in the content of polyphenols, alkaline and alkaline earth metals and citric acid. PMID- 1243956 TI - [World's nutrition situation]. PMID- 1243957 TI - [Rapeseed oil: nutritional aspects and safety considerations (author's transl)]. AB - In this review data are reported on the effects of rapeseed oil feeding to several animal species (mice, pigs, rats, guinea pigs, ducklings, chickens, turkeys) with particular regard to its nutritional value as compared to other vegetable fats, and to physiological and pathological modifications on different organs and tissues, namely: gonads, adrenals, thyroid, liver, myocardium. Finally, the results obtained after administration of regular rapeseed oil (i.e. with high levels of erucic acid) are compared with those obtained using the modern types Canbra, Span, Oro, Zephir (i.e. with low levels of erucic acid). From this comparison it could be inferred that erucic acid could be the major responsible for the observed modifications, but also that other long chain monoenes and the altered ratio between saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids might have a certain degree of pathogenic effects, although in this case the lesions appear later, are less frequent and less severe. PMID- 1243958 TI - [Role of tryptophan in the physiological regulation of brain serotonin synthesis (author's transl)]. AB - Tryptophan hydroilase in brain, normally is not saturated by its substrate; therefore the rate of tryptophan hydroxilation in brain is controlled by the concentration of tryptophan. In the other hand, brain tryptophan content is controlled by the ratio of the concentration of free tryptophan (i.e. not bound to serum proteins) to that of the other circulating amino acids, wich compete for the same transport mechanism from blood to brain. The administration of an amino acid mixture, containing all essential amino acids but not tryptophan, caused a parallel depletion of total and free serum tryptophan and of tryptophan and serotonin in brain. The mechanism of the observed fall in serum tryptophan is a rapid removed of endogenous tryptophan from circulation, secondary to an increased incorporation of tryptophan into proteins by the liver. These results suggest the hypothesis that brain serotonin synthesis is controlled by a perpherical mechanism. PMID- 1243960 TI - [Saturated fatty acids determination by GLC after TLC separation (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of fatty acid composition of oils and fats by conventional GLC on polar columns gives satisfactory results for most of the applications. Higher precision is, however, desirable when the content of minor components is of interest. A typical example is the quantitative determination of the percentage of peanut oil in a seed oil mixture, on the basis of the content of lignoceric acid (n-C21). Lignoceric acid, wich is containen in peanut oil in the amount of 1 2%, shows, on polar columns, a very long retention time and, owing to its low percentage, flat and non well measurable peaks. A method was therefore developed which allows an accurate determination of all saturated fatty acids, particulary of those with high molecular weight. The method is based on the separation of satured fatty acids by argentation TLC followed by GLC determination on non polar columns. PMID- 1243959 TI - [Anthropometric nutritional status and food habits of students of the secondary schools of Umbertide (author's transl)]. AB - A survey has been carried out on anthropometric nutritional status and food habits of students of the secondary schools of a little town of Umbria that is now in an economic development. The anthropometric data (body weight and height, skinfolds, diameters, muscle and fat areas and body mass index) show that in the girls the body fat mass is higher than in boys and american girls of the same age. The boys of professional men are fatter than the boys of workmen. The survey of food habits (using the method of frequency of occurrence for three days) shows that milk, eggs, legumes and cheese are not frequently consumed, while meat (particularly beef and veal), alcoholic beverages, animal fats and sucrose occur rather frequently in the diet. The excess of body fat mass and the biological and economic errors in the diet of these children need to be corrected with a nutrition education program. It is well recognized that both diet and physical activity play an important role in the prevention of metabolic degenerative disease and this prevention has to be started as early as possible. PMID- 1243962 TI - [Bruises behaviour in canned cling peaches (author's transl)]. AB - Undamaged cling peaches, cv. "Halford", were artificially bruised in three positions of the halves exerting a pressure of 2, 4 and 6 kg/cm2, with a hand penetrometer. These peaches were canned at different times (2, 4, 8 and 16 hours) and stored for five months. The halves were then submitted to a "panel test" which revealed that all the bruised fruits were suitable to give rise to a good canned product. PMID- 1243961 TI - [Vitamin "A" and biological membranes. Nota V - Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte stroma in vitamin A deficient rats (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of albino male rats, were fed for 90 days with a balanced and vitamin A-free diet rispectively, to observed changes, if any, in the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes. The blood was separated with heparin, total lipids from erythocyte stroma were extracted and fatty acids analyzed by gaschromatography. It was noticed an increase in saturated fatty acids; at the same time mono- and, above all, polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased; the results agree with those obtained in rats fed for 30 and 60 days with Vitamin A free diet as similar changes were observed in liver mitochondrial membranes of the rats, under study, we presume vitamin A modifies, to some extent, the biosyntesis of unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 1243963 TI - [Level and stability of resistance to SO2 in wild strain of Saccharomyces ellipsoideus (author's transl)]. AB - We have determined the level and the stability of the resistance of SO2 of yeast strains isolated in highly sulfitated musts. The resistance to antiseptic decreases during the storage and successive transfers of strains. PMID- 1243965 TI - [Food industry within the picture of Italian Industry]. PMID- 1243966 TI - [Editotial: Scientific research and completed programs of the C.N.R]. PMID- 1243964 TI - [A gaschromatographic method proposed for sorbitol and sucrose determination in musts and wines (author's transl)]. AB - A rapid method for sorbitol and sucrose determination by gaschromatography of their trimethylsilylderivatives is proposed. Gaschromatographic constants of these compounds are given and method riproducibility has been evaluated. PMID- 1243967 TI - [Problems relative to food industries waste water and their available solutions (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper some practical considerations concerning food industries waste water are reported with the view to reduce global pollution and obtain a better utilisation of water supply. General principles and particular options leading to the realisation of an optimal depuration proceeding are set forth, followed by the illustration of some problems connected to waste water issues as well as means actually used for depuration in some typical food industries. PMID- 1243968 TI - [Techniques for nutrition education in particular for maternal and compulsory schools (author's transl)]. AB - After an introduction on the various factors involved in food habits of humans, the A. is calling the attention on the importance of nutrition education, examining then some of the programs in use. Already in the maternal school the child can learn nutrition with applicative plays. It is compulsory to teach and follow also the in parents. For the compulsory school the nutrition should be taught as such or integrated in other courses as geography, history, mathematics and science. For adults the deep-seated food habits are making more difficult the educational programs. For successful results in nutrition education is essential that the programs are well planned and carried out from well trained personnel not only in nutritional sciences but also in education, cultural anthropology, psicology and sociology. PMID- 1243969 TI - [Consumer available margarines in Italy. Note 1: Fatty acid composition and trans isomers content (author's transl)]. AB - The most used consumer available margarines in Italy, showed important differecens regarding composition of the saturated (S.F.A.) and trans-unsaturated (T.U.F.A.) fatty acids. The ratio S.F.A./U.F.A. correlated well to the T.U.F.A. content. The margarines with the higher U.F.A. values presented also the higher T.U.F.A. values and corresponded to those prepared from a single seed oil (peanut, corn, sunflower). The monounsaturated fatty acids are composed of a mixture of geometrical and positional isomers with the unsaturation at any C atom between C6 and C16. PMID- 1243970 TI - [Determination of residues of chlorinated and phosphorated pesticides on the fruit of Pesaro province (author's transl)]. AB - The residues of pesticides chlorinated and phosphorated on the fruit of Pesaro province at the moment of its immission on the market has been determined. No pesticides has found to have a residue near to toxicity values, but sometimes more than one pesticide has been found on the same sample. This fact, also if not alarming, must be attentively considered in order to promote a better information campaign and therefore a more rational use of those substances. PMID- 1243971 TI - [Sprout inhibition by radiation and chemical treatment in four potato cultivars (author's transl)]. AB - Irradiated and chemically treated potatoes were then stored at 10 degrees C and 80-85% relative humidity. Radiations caused complete inhibition of sprouting and for up to 10 months after harvest the physical and chemical condition of the potatoes remained satisfactory. On the other hand chemical treatment controlled sprouting for up to 7-8 months only. Irradiation and chemical condition of the potatoes rotting. Weight loss was higher in the chemically treated samples. Treatment by radiation did not effect vitamin C and niacin content as compared with chemically treated samples. Irradiation did not cause any change in the sucrose and the total sugar content, as compared with chemical treatment. Total and soluble nitrogen contents were not affected by either treatment. The response to both irradiation and chemical treamtments was only slightly affected by varietal factors provided that the potatoes were healthy and mature at harvest time. PMID- 1243973 TI - [Proline content of Italian wines (author's transl)]. AB - Proline content of genuine wines from different areas is usually over 200 mg/1; a sample contained 1.920 mg/1; some samples has shown a lower content, with a minimum of 76 mg/1. No correlationship has been established between proline content and wine origin and age. Spectrophotometric method gives results markedly higher, in some cases, than give ion-exchange chromatogrpahy. PMID- 1243972 TI - [Food protein quality. 4) Effect of technoligical processing on protein quality of baked products for special dietary uses (author's transl)]. AB - On samples of biscuits for special dietary use and rusks has been determined the protein quality with the method of enzymatic ultrafiltrate digest (EUD) at various levels of industrial production. The results have shown that the baking over again process has determined a decrease on the velocity of digestion "in vitro" against the raw material with large variations in availability of various essential aminoacids. Particularly decreased is the lysine, the limiting aminoacid of these food products. PMID- 1243974 TI - [Riboflavin content of commercial samples of alimentary pastes (author's transl)]. AB - By fluorometric investigation on 42 commercial samples of alimentary pastes, it was established that unlawful custom of colouring these food products with riboflavin is no more performed; in fact, the riboflavin content of the sample examined by use was rather uniform and of the same order of that naturally occurring in these products. PMID- 1243975 TI - [Intestinal glucose absorption in rats of different ages (author's transl)]. AB - We studied the intestinal glucose absorption in a colony of rats at different ages. The experiment was carried out on animals of the following ages: 3, 5, 10 and 20 months. All rats were fasted 48 hr prior to the administration of 2 ml. 50% glucose solution by an oesophageal sound. After one hour the animals were killed, the intestine was washed with a determinated quantity of distilled water and homogenized, to find out any trace of glucose in mucose cells. Glucose absorption was calculated as the difference between the quantity introduced and that left in the intestine. The results of this experiment show that glucose absorption expressed as mg/100 gm. body weight/hr decrease significantly during the first 10 months, with no marked changes there after. Absorption rapidly increase during the first 16 month, if expressed as mg/hr. This is probably due to a remarkable weight increase without a proportional increase of intestinal length. PMID- 1243976 TI - [Vitamin "A" and biological membranes. Nota VI-Fatty acid composition of liver mitochondrial membranes in vitamin A-deficient rats (author's transl)]. AB - The results we obtained in studying the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte stroma on vitamin A-deficient rats, led us to repeat the experiment on liver mitochondrial membranes. Two groups of albino male rats, of the Wistar strain, were fed for 90 days with a balanced and a vitamin A-free diet respectively. The animals were killed, total lipid from the membranes of liver mitochondria were extracted and fatty acids separated by gas-chromatography. It was noticed an increase in the percentage of saturated fatty acids; at the same time, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. The results agree with those obtained in rats fed for 30 and 60 days with vitamin A-free diet. This seems to support the interpretation that vitamin A modifies, to some extent, the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 1243977 TI - Factors affecting infections of mammals with intraerythrocytic protozoa. PMID- 1243978 TI - [Knowledge and opinions on sexuality among young French-speaking Belgians]. AB - We shall limit ourselves to the main topics, leaving the appreciation of the questionnaire to the reader. To evaluate knowledge and opinions on sexuality in young french speaking belgian people, we have questioned : 1210 students at the University of Louvain, 773 in A1 official teaching, 819 in superior free non university teaching and 778 young people being recruted by the belgian army. The following conclusions are global. The mean vocabulary score (rated on 18) in these four samples is 13.22, 14.06, 13.57 and 6.40. This score is in students more than double than the score in young recruted people (and this phenomenon remains even if one includes only boys in higher education). The mean score (13.81) for whole students in higher education type A1 is significantly superior to the one from the University of Louvain. The score observed in official technical teaching A1 is also greater in comparison to free A1. It is also true for free A1 in comparison to the University of Louvain. The words relating to contraception are particularly misknown in the four samples. Regarding the mean score (on 38) on sexual knowledge not related to vocabulary, it is 22.61 at the University of Louvain, 22.53 in free A1 education, 23.72 in official A1 education and 18.535 in young recruted army people. The difference in mean score between official higher education and the University of Louvain is significant ; it is also significant between University of Louvain students and whole students from A1 education (mean : 23.11). There is no significant difference between the score for the University of Louvain and the one for higher free non university education. The mean score in the army, inferior to 50 %, is rather lower than the scores for the other samples, even if limited to boys. Again, questions on contraception are generally misknown. The total score (in %) is 63.98 at the University of Louvain, 64.46 in A1 free education, 67,46 in A1 official education and 44.53 in young army recruted individus. The score is about 20 % lower at the center for recruting and selecting in comparison to the other samples, even if one takes boys only. The difference between the score in A1 official education and A1 free is significant. It is also between total score (65.92) in whole students from A1 technical education and the one at the University of Louvain. It is not significant for the scores in A1 free education versus the University of Louvain. All scores in A1 official education are superior to the one for confessionnal education, even university ; the interpretation of this phenomenon is probably comparable to the influence of the variable "religion". Regarding opinions, we will only indicate that for factors expressing love (tenderness sexuality and mutual esteem) and the possible means of sexual contacts (physical pleasure, a way of expressing love and procreation) : 1... PMID- 1243979 TI - [Studies on the development of human knee joint]. PMID- 1243980 TI - Enhancement of lymphosarcoma transmission in Esox lucius and its epidemiologic relationship to pollution. PMID- 1243981 TI - Preliminary findings of a tumor-associated antigen in bovine lymphosarcoma. PMID- 1243982 TI - The female prostate updated. AB - The paraurethral glands in the female are the homologue of the male prostate. Inflammation in these in the cause of the very common syndrome of so-called 'recurrent cystitis' in women. Obstruction at the bladder neck, although not so common as in men, does occur. An analysis of the age incidence, clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis and treatment of a personal experience of 88 cases is presented. Seven cases were treated conservatively by catheter drainage or urethral dilatation and 77 by perurethral resection using a Thompson cold punch with very satisfactory results. PMID- 1243983 TI - Bioavailability studies with Digoxin-Sandoz and Lanoxin. AB - Various brands of digoxin tablets, and even different batches of one brand, may differ greatly in bioavailability. Digoxin-Sandoz tablets have been compared with Lanoxin manufactured between 1969 and 1972 and after May 1972. Comparisons were also made between and within batches of Digoxin-Sandoz tablets. Three separate cross-over studies were conducted involving a total of 20 volunteers. Digoxin Sandoz tablets were shown to have a constant bioavailability and to produce plasma concentrations very similar to ""new'' Lanoxin. Storage for 2 years of one batch of Digoxin-Sandoz did not alter the bioavailability. Particle size was shown to influence bioavailability. Care should be exercised when plasma data alone are interpreted as an index of bioavailability. Measures of bioavailability based on plasma data obtained up to 6 h after administration differed from those based on cumulative urinary excretion data (in this study by a factor of about 2), which can lead to the belief that a difference in bioavailability is much greater than is actually the case. Data from cumulative urinary excretion, collected over a sufficiently long period of time, are likely to be the most reliable method for determining the bioavailability of a substance such as digoxin. PMID- 1243984 TI - Bioavailability of phenytoin. A comparison of two preparations. AB - Plasma phenytoin levels were measured in 60 patients under steady-state conditions for a period of six weeks. During the trial, the preparation of phenytoin was changed from Phenytoin BP (Regent) to Epanutin Infatabs. A significant increase in plasma phenytoin levels following the change of tablet was matched by a decrease in the number of seizures. PMID- 1243985 TI - Bioavailability of four brands of phenytoin tablets. AB - In order to evaluate the bioavailability of four different brands of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) tablets single doses of 600 mg DPH in acid form were given to six volunteers in a cross-over study. A micronized DPH-acid suspension was used as the reference standard. Significant differences between various products were found. The areas under the serum DPH concentration-time curves (AUC) were 26, 59, 68 and 90 per cent of the AUC of the DPH suspension. The peak serum DPH concentrations using the different tablets were 24, 54, 55 and 80 per cent of the peak value of the DPH suspension. It is likely that the differences in bioavailability of the DPH tablets are of clinical significance. PMID- 1243986 TI - [Basedow's disease in a military environemnt]. PMID- 1243987 TI - [Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and the preparation of a milk substitute]. AB - Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L.) is an abundant product in Brazil. The authors studied the use of the protein fraction to prepare "milk-substitute" beverages. The analyses were made on albumen, copra and cake. Protein coconut extraction was tried with water; NaCl solutions in different concentrations; HCl and NaOH solutions in different concentrations; HCl and NaOH solutions at different pH values. The extracted proteins were analysed for aminoacid composition and chemical score. The best results of protein extraction were obtained with NaCl 1 M solution using the ratio 100:75 (coconut:solution). The extracted proteins were coagulated with trichloroacetic acid and separated with water and analysed for aminoacid composition and solubility. PMID- 1243988 TI - Evaluations of the activity of carbenicillin disks with various antibiotic concentrations. PMID- 1243989 TI - [Simultaneous meniscus injuries in tibial-head fractures]. PMID- 1243990 TI - [Late x-ray observations on the knee joint following meniscectomy]. PMID- 1243991 TI - [Significance of roentgenologic studies in post-traumatic cartilage injuries of knee joint]. PMID- 1243992 TI - [Histophysiological characteristics of small pulmonary arteries in newborn rats after experimental asphyxia]. PMID- 1243993 TI - Inhibition by dopamine agonists of dopamine accumulation following gamma hydroxybutyrate treatment. AB - The increase in the dopamine (DA) concentration of rat (whole) brain induced by gamma-hydroxybutyrate was inhibited by the reputed dopamine agonists apomorphine, apocodeine, 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine, piribedil, ergocornine and 5,6-dihydroxy 2-dimethylaminotetralin. The last three drugs raised DA levels in saline controls. Haloperidol, which decreased DA in controls slightly, prevented any agonist-induced rise in controls. However, haloperidol antagonized only apomorphine and piribedil in regard to the inhibition of the gamma hydroxybutyrate induced rise in DA; this neuroleptic did not affect the inhibition by the other agonists. It is concluded that these data provide evidence for local receptor control of DA synthesis and that the DA agonists do not act through a common mechanism. PMID- 1243994 TI - Status report of Mayo Clinic studies. AB - Described are primary treatment protocols for 1) those patients with gorssly unresectable stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma, considered reasonable candidates for therapeutic trials aimed at the identification of antitumor activity as determined by the regression of objectively evaluable lesions; and 2) those patients with stage II or III ovarian carcinoma, with little or no visible tumor remaining after surgery, considered reasonable candidates for therapeutic trials involving regimens that may delay or prevent the recurrence of clinically apparent disease. Both protocol involve initially a comparison of cyclophosphamide alone with cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin. A third protocol- an activity-seeking study of two new cytotoxic agents, developed to provide secondary treatment opportunities for patients who have failed on one of the primary chemotherapy protocols--is designed to seek evidence of any cross resistance between cytembena (beta-4-methoxybenzoyl beta-cis-bromacrylate) and VP-16 (4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-D-ethylidene glucoside). Data from all three protocols are so far insufficient to allow meaningful analysis of their results. PMID- 1243995 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the lungs induced by extracorporeal perfusion. AB - The changes induced in the lungs have been studied, in the course of 15 heart operations with extracorporeal circulation. In each case material was obtained from lungs after the thoracotomy, before starting the perfusion and after its termination. The pulmonary structure showed changes against the control material already prior to perfusion, the most conspicuous alternations of the capillary endothelial cells and of the basal membrane. Examination of the surfactant by ruthenium red demonstrated changes in the reaction; from this circumstance the conclusion has been drawn that affection of the surfactant may have a part in the postperfusion syndrome. PMID- 1243996 TI - [Neo and postnatal development of the cerebral cortex in mice. Ultrastructural study]. AB - Maturation in the Purkinje cell (Pk) of the cerebellar cortex of developing mice (from birth up to weaning) was investigated by structural and especially ultrastructural studies. In comparison to the adult neuron, four developmental stages were identified by studying selective morphological features (shape and size of the Pk, neuronal environment) as well as specific characteristics of neuronal constituants, particularly the "nucleus-ribosome system". The stages are: early, intermediate and late neuroblasts and young neuron. The neuronogenesis of the Purkinje cell can be summarized as follows: (a) the nuclear maturation occurs early in the development and markedly preceeds that of several organelles in the perikaryon; (b) the cytoplasmic maturation extends gradually until the young neuron state was reached. Some structures such as the granular mass and the "spotted body" in the nucleus, the nuclear envelop including its two membranes, and the ribosomal components either free or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum seem to exert an important role during neuronal development. Maturation processes in the Purkinje cell are generally similar in both mouse and rat and, except for some morphological and/or chronological variables, comparable in others developing nerve cells. This model of neuronal maturation is used alone or in comparison to another model of neuro-behavioral evolution which was established concommitantly. Both of these models reveal to be very useful for the evaluation of the effects induced in the developing animal following the administration of neuropsychotropic drugs such as Hallucinogens and Narcotics. PMID- 1243997 TI - [Long-term syndrome in the treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa]. AB - A group of 71 patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with L-Dopa and benserazide during periods ranging from 27 to 60 months. In 28% of cases a decline in therapeutic effects and or delayed appearance or increase of secondary actions were observed constituting a long-term syndrome. Its most complex and dramatic expression, the on-off effect, was present in 11% of cases. Those patients with more severe symptoms were studied by means of continuous clinical observation enabling the design of daytime follow-up curves. Observations were repeated with varying dosage patterns, showing variations but no substantial changes or disappearance of the symptoms described. Electromyographic recordings and films were taken in certain cases defining the characteristics of on and off effects. Several procedures were implemented in an attempt to control Long-Term Syndrome manifestations: Change of dosage, variation of L-dopa/decarboxilase inhibitor ratio, association of anticholinergic agents with antidepressants, hypoprotein diets. Improvement was moderate and/or transient, with the exception of Nortriptilline which permitted total or partial control of certain symptoms, especially hypokinetic periods, bouts of tremor and dystonic attitudes. It was occasionally necessary to interrupt administration of L-Dopa, readministering it later with recovery of the therapeutic effect and/or avoidance of undesirable effects for varying periods of time. Loss than optimal doses proved beneficial in reducing or postponing Long-Term Syndrome manifestations. Although L-Dopa does not detain the course of the disease, the persistence of favourable results in most patients for prolonged periods of treatment confirms the long-term therapeutic value of this drug. PMID- 1243999 TI - [Controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in surgery for cerebral aneurysm]. AB - Sodium nitroprusside given by intravenous drop was infused in 10 patients with cerebral aneurysm in order to achieve the controlled hypotension. The easy beginning of the hypotension was consisted as well as the evanescent action of the drug and the abscense of collateral effects. Morbility and mortality differences were not seen between our cases and those in which normotension was used. PMID- 1243998 TI - Immunological enhancement of chemotherapy in advanced brain cancer. AB - Three hundred C3H mice were used to ascertain the validity of treatment of brain cancer with arsenicals and bacterial polysaccharide. It was found that this method of therapy was efficacious. Also, that a prophylactic effect was demonstrated. 2. In 14 patients with advanced intracranial neoplasm it was found: a) that no curative effect could be brought about once the cancer had spread beyond a certain point. This "point of no return" depends on tumor type, location and degree of brain destruction and general state of debility. b) That subjective and even some temporary objective improvement was possible even in advanced cancer. Necrosis of cancer tissue, that could be attributed to the therapy, was found in a number of cases. c) That some cases of brain cancer showed remarkable response to this form of therapy; more so if radiation therapy was given at the time of administration of the arsenical and bacterial polysaccharide. d) That some cases of brain metastasis showed "complete" destruction of the neoplasms in the brain although the patient subsequently died of the primary neoplasm and multiple metastasis. e) That the principle of enhancing the deposition of the curative material in the neoplasm by the use of bacterial polysaccharide is valid. f) That if this method of treatment (i.e. arsenical, bacterial polysaccharide and radiation) is instituted in the "early" cancer cases we may find it to be an efficacious mode of attack. g) That aresnical by mouth and bacterial polysaccharide by I.M. injection may be useful as a prophylactic to the formation of cancer. This may be contemplated for use in families that seem to show a predisposition to cancer formation. A mode of administration would probably be somewhat similary to the maintencance therapy described in the body of this paper. h) That bacterial polysaccharides have been shown to have the ability to destroy cancers.3,9 This method of enhancing the patients antigen-antibody reaction may eventually be used as a means of gaining an efficient vaccine in cancer therapy. i) Wherever possible definitive surgery should be carried out before the arsenical-bacterial polysaccharide-radiation method is instituted. j) In brain cancer, after craniotomy with removal of all or part of the neoplasm where feasible, the patient should be left with a subtemporal decompression. This will allow for the oedema of the brain that occurs with cerebral radiation therapy. k) That the principle of destruction of the cancer by certain special substances is valid. That the increase of affinity between cancer and destructive (curative) material can be brought about by administering a bacterial polysaccharide at the same time and that radiation therapy may enhance the beneficial effects of this method. 1) That the principle of brining the greatest toxicity to the cancer cells and the least toxic effect to the organism has been applied in the use of this method of treatment. m) That in some cases the cancer may not be destroyed by this therapy but may be made to retrogress or be held in check. PMID- 1244000 TI - [Surgical treatment of spinomedullary injuries]. PMID- 1244001 TI - [Treatment of acute cerebral infarct]. PMID- 1244002 TI - Inclusions in the sural nerve in metachromatic leukodystrophy. AB - A 2 year old girl develops a fever, anorexia and a cough which last three weeks. Following this event, she presented with intention tremor and increasing difficulty with crawling. At the age of 3, a nerve biopsy was done which made the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy. EM examination of the nerve biopsy revealed large quantitites of abnormal structures in the cytoplasm of Schwann and phagocytic cells. Virus like spheroid bodies were present in a few axons and cytoplasm of Schwann cells. PMID- 1244003 TI - The lipids of human sciatic nerve by age group. AB - Lipid analysis of normal human peripheral (sciatic) nerve in 18 cases revealed suggestive evidence of quantitative changes in phospholipids and glycolipids at the extremes of life. Total phospholipids were highest in the newborn and lowest over 65 years of age, while glycolipids were lowest in the neonatal period. Cholesterol did not vary with age. Analysis of the major phospholipid components showed their percentage distribution to be age stable, and phosphatidyl serine to be enriched at all ages. The biochemical findings indicate loss of axonal-myelin constituents after 65 years of age. They correlate with histological and physiological studies on peripheral nerve and with the role of the acidic phospholipids as membrane cation-transporters. PMID- 1244004 TI - Interictal reactivity disturbances in temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - The electrographic study performed on 106 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 31 normal subjects showed marked interictal cerebral reactivity disturbances in this form of epilepsy. These disturbances, estimated by testing the orienting reflex and its habituation, were expressed, as a rule, by intensification of somatic, autonomic and electroencephalographic components of the reaction, increase in their resistance to habituation and change in the sequence in which they become habituated. The severity of reactivity disturbances depended on the localization of electroencephalographic focus, clinical form of seizures and characteristics of interictal electroencephalographic abnormalities. The most marked reactivity disturbances were noted in patients in whom the interictal foci were bitemporal, anterior or predominantly anterior (particularly left), accompanied specially by generalized or generalized + partial seizures or by interictal graphoelements of the irritative type. The reactivity disturbances were less severe in epileptics in whom the interictal foci were unitemporal (particularly right), middle, predominantly middle, posterior or associated to partial seizures. In a few patients in whom the interictal bioelectrical activity reflected a nervous hypoexcitability, the reactivity disturbances assumed the appearance of hyporeactivity. The different intensities of reactivity alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy should be related to the different capacity of the epileptogenic lesions to determine interictal changes in diffuse excitability. This capacity depends on he structures involved by the epileptic discharges, which by their morpho-functional particularities, can influence the cerebral excitability. PMID- 1244005 TI - [Epidemiologic study of myasthenia in Uruguay]. AB - During the period 1960 to 1976 170 cases of myasthenia were analyzed in the Laboratorio de Afecciones Neuromusculares del Instituto de Neurologia de Montevideo. This is an epiderom the total), pregnancy, surgical treatment (Thymectomy, 6%), lethally (13%). It is concluded that myasthenia is an unfrequent disease, with female prevalence (58%); between 30 to 70 years, starting by oculomotor signs (74%) and of severe prognosis in 24% of cases. PMID- 1244006 TI - [Comparative study of the cognitive functions and symbolic order in temporal and centerencephalic epilepsy of long development of difficult therapeutic control]. AB - The paper is centered in the comparative study of three groups of long-term epileptic patients in which therapeutic control is difficult to achieve, by means of several neuropsychological tests evaluating levels of intelligence, memory, language and praxis. Paget's tests of conservation of physical quantities revealed no significant differences in results obtained from the exploration of operative levels between epileptics with right temporal, left temporal or centrencephalic electroencephalographic foci. There is no parallel decrease of operative level when present, and deficit of mnesic functions, which is constantly observed in the three groups and usually evidenced in short-term memory. The graphic representation of projective space (Cube, house), is parallel to operative weakening. No significant relationship between lateralization of focus and graphic performance is observed. Language exploration by means of Benton and Spreen's battery of tests shows distinctly similar results in the three groups of patients. The location of the epileptic focus shows no relevance with respect to language disturbances. The most outstanding pathologic phenomenon is a certain degree of anomia observed in the naming of objects. Its significance is discussed (Slight degree of amnesic aphasia, deficit of evocative memory, or a lexical level in accordance with the operative deficit). The deficit of the repetition of sentences test and in others including a time element should not be ascribed to a specific language deficit. True aphasia was present in only three patients of the left temporal group after prolonged status epilepticus. PMID- 1244007 TI - [Comparative study of the structural gramatical performance in dyslalic and dysphasic children]. AB - The comparative performance in the repetition of a set of sentences was investigated in 8 children with developmental aphasia, average 5-7 years and 8 dyslalic ones, average 5-3 years. None presented any hard neurological signs. A battery of sentences was devised for repetition purpose and used as stimulus. Production proved to be less advanced in the group of children with developmental aphasia characterized as follows: highly systematic reduction of the models, lack of consistency in the substitutions both on the phonetic and the lexical levels ill-formed constructions in certain types of structures, high percentage of omission of function words. The dyslalic children's performance however proved to be more advanced and the subjects reproduced well-formed sentences in every single sentence regardless of the sentence length or type. The test devised might turn out to be helpful in practice for the correct diagnosis between patients with developmental aphasia and children with multiple and complex dyslalias. PMID- 1244008 TI - [Bilateral chronic subdural hematoma associated with hypotension of the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - A case is presented of a bilateral chronic subdural hematoma complicated in the post-operative evolution by a severe brain-stem suffering associated to a CSF hypotension andan angiographic descent of the brain-stem. The whole picture was made reversible by means of intrathecal injections of saline and the Trendelemburg position. The physiopathology of cerebral hypotension is discussed, considering it as an evolution process that implies both a diminution of the CSF and a descent of the brainstem. This process can be initially free of symptoms. PMID- 1244009 TI - [Kidney biopsy of primary biliary cirrhosis with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 1244010 TI - Serum and red cell cholinesterase activity in duodenal ulcer. AB - Sixty-eight patients suffering from active duodenal ulcer (diagnozed radiologically) were examined for serum cholinesterase (50 patients) and red cell cholinesterase (18 patients) activity. In all these patients serum or red cell cholinesterase activity were found to be significantly low when compared with 56 normal individuals (controls). The low level of cholinesterase activity may be regarded as a pathogenic component of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1244011 TI - Study of energy expenditure and food intake of some working class people of Bangladesh. AB - No information is available on energy expenditure and dietary intake of Bangladesh population carried out simultaneously. As a preliminary step in this direction, forty volunteers mostly from the low socio-economic groups were subjected to these studies for a 3-4 day period. Indirect calorimetric method was used for the measurement of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. Actual weighing of food articles were carried out before consumption and values calculated from standard tables. It was found that values obtained during rest like sitting and lying including basal metabolic rate (BMR) fell within values reported in the literature. Resting energy expenditure, however, tended to rise in the later part of the day and the degree of physical activity carried out by the subjects. Rickshawpedalling required 6.66 Kcal/min to be expended without passenger and 7.84 Kcal/min with two passengers. Cartpulling required 5.5 Kcal/min without load compared to 6.08 Kcal/min with a load of 350 kg. The small difference was obviously due to a reduction in the speed of cartpulling. This was, however, not true with rickshawpedallers. Dietary intake showed that all the subjects were getting a low protein and low fat diet and that carbohydrates were the main source (over 80%) of calories. The doctors were the only group receiving some animal protein and the cartpullars eating almost none. The number of calories taken were consistent with their activities. One rickshawpedaller had an unusually high intake of over 6000 calories daily. PMID- 1244012 TI - Use of different saprophytic acid-fast bacilli in complement-fixation test for kala-azar. AB - Complement-fixation tests for kala-azar using antigenic extracts from 4 different saprophytic acid fast bacilli were carried out. It was observed that all the 4 extracts gave positive reactions with sera from kala-azar patients. However, Myco. phlei gave best results and next comes Kedrowsky's bacilli. These two are different strains of the same organism, Myco. phlei. Myco. smegmatis also gave satisfactory results but Myco. butyricum gave weak and false negative reactions in some cases. Last two organisms are the different strains of the same Myco. smegmatis. PMID- 1244013 TI - Cirrhosis of liver in Bangladesh. (A preliminary report). AB - The incidence of cirrhosis of liver in Bangladesh, its possible aetiological factors and clinical features have been studied. This being the initial report, embraces the population of only two hospitals in Dacca viz., Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Research (P.G. Hospital) and Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital situated three and a half kilometers apart. In a population of 5889, a total of 154 cases (2.6%) of cirrhosis of liver have been recorded. Nutritional deficiency has been considered to be the important aetiological factor whereas alcoholism does not appear to have any significant role. Almost all the cases (94.2%) were non-alcoholic. Pattern of clinical features have been compared with those of other authors and variations recorded. Further study on an elaborate scale has been suggested. PMID- 1244014 TI - Cerebrovascular diseases. (A report of 53 cases). AB - Fifty-three patients suffering from cerebrovascular disease admitted to the Neurology unit of the Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Research, Dacca, have been analyzed. It has been observed that the age incidence, sex ratio, causes and clinical pattern of cerebrovascular diseases are similar in developed and developing countries. PMID- 1244015 TI - Some aspects of psychiatric morbidity in the out-patient population of a general hospital. AB - A preliminary report on certain aspects of psychiatric morbidity in persons attending the medical out-patients department of the Institute of Post-graduate Medicine, Dacca, have been presented. Out of 652 cases who have been interviewed, 31% had purely psychogenic conditions, 45% were suffering from purely organic diseases and 14.8% complained of symptoms of both organic and psychogenic features. No apparent underlying aetiology have been detected in 8.6% of cases. Of the psychogenic group, neurotic disorders comprised the largest number in the sample; anxiety state and sexual neurosis in males were the commonest neurotic disorders. When the mixed groups are included, 44% of males and 49.8% of females had symptoms which were either purely psychogenic in nature or had conspicuous psychogenic component. Reason for such a high percentage of psychogenic component has been discussed. Most of the patients attending the out-patient department were within the age of 21 to 40 years. Attendance in the number of older age persons were less in the psychogenic group than with organic conditions. Further, in females a significant difference was observed between psychogenic and organic group patients above and below the age of 40 years. Patients younger than 40 years were more in purely psychogenic group compared to organic conditions. Most of the patients have been found to be married both in psychogenic and organic group. However, there was significant difference in attendance rate of single males in the psychogenic group were somewhat over-represented in the sample in comparison to purely organic group. There was no relation of marital states in cases of females. PMID- 1244016 TI - Incidence of important blood groups in Bangladesh. AB - Different blood groups were determined in the Bengalee population. The prominent blood group was B in the ABO system, Rh. D negative was only 2.56% whereas Kell was 0.8%. These results have been compared with the Caucasians, Chinese and the Negroes. PMID- 1244017 TI - Ulcerative colitis in Bangladesh. AB - A total of 100 cases with chronic diarrhoea having no apparent cause were investigated. Fifty seven of these cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of ulcerative colitis. Fortyone of these 57 patients were treated for acute amoebic dysentery during the initial episodes of their illness. Since attack of acute amoebic dysentery is liable to produce post-dysenteric ulcerative colitis, it is possible that ulcerative colitis exist in this country in at least 2 forms, idiopathic and post-dysenteric. PMID- 1244019 TI - Incidental discovery of an unusual secretor status of patient group A2B with anti A1 antibody in the serum. AB - A variant of AB blood group (A2B) in a patient is described. Anti-A1 agglutinin was demonstrated in the serum and the saliva of secretor contained BH but no A substance. This is the first report of abnormality regarding secretor status of group A2B, individual from Bangladesh. PMID- 1244018 TI - Effects of hysterectomy, administration of uterine extract, posterior pituitary extract and aspirin on the length of pseudopregnancy in rats. PMID- 1244020 TI - Acetylating phenotype of sulphonamides. PMID- 1244021 TI - Oxytocic properties in extracts of Cascuta (a preliminary report). PMID- 1244023 TI - Malignant neoplastic lesions in Bangladesh (an analysis of 2064 cases). AB - Analysis of 2,064 cases of malignant neoplasms was done to determine the male/female ratio and site distribution. Attendance of female patients with malignant conditions were less in number and the male/female ratio was 2.3:1. In the females malignant neoplasms of the sex organs (cervix uteri and breast) were more prevalent and in the males malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus, lungs, larynx and oropharynx were more frequent. PMID- 1244022 TI - Cholelithiasis--areview of 130 cases. AB - One hundred and thirty cases of cholelithiasis were studied in the surgical wards of the Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Research, Dacca. Geographical distribution, pattern of clinical features, results of biochemical, microbiolgical, histopathological and other investigations have been recorded. PMID- 1244024 TI - Menstrual regulation (M.R.) service (a preliminary report). AB - One hundred and twentythree women utilised the M.R. service at the Out-Patients Model Clinic at Mohammadpur and at a privately owned clinic. The pertinent data about these clients are discussed. PMID- 1244026 TI - Cost problems force GHA to consider co-payments. PMID- 1244025 TI - Brain-weight/liver-weight ratio as an index of nutritional status in perinatal deaths. AB - Brain-weight/liver-weight ratio has been suggested to be a good indicator of nutritional status in new-born babies. But no evidence except low blood sugar and low hepatic reserve of carbohydrate have been presented to support this. In the present study babies dying in perinatal period have been compared by dividing them arbitrarily into two groups according to a fixed B/L ratio of 3.5. The results showed that the nutritional status of babies with high B/L ratio was comparatively poorer than babies with normal B/L ratio in terms of weight, length and hepatic reserve of iron, folate and vitamin A, and thus provide evidence to the hypothesis. PMID- 1244027 TI - Some like them, some don't. PMID- 1244028 TI - Steelworkers' dental plan, negotiated in '74, is now operative; AT & T's to take effect in January. PMID- 1244029 TI - Railroad unemployment, sickness payouts begin. PMID- 1244030 TI - Drug price controls set under government programs; expansion to private plans, NHI seen. PMID- 1244031 TI - BC-BS contribute to high cost of health care: AP study. PMID- 1244033 TI - For public employees, cost is key determinant in selecting HMO, AFSCME official tells group. PMID- 1244032 TI - Baseball players have lower mortality rate than most men, Metropolitan study discovers. PMID- 1244034 TI - Will elimination of private beds in British hospitals affect growth of BUPA-type plans? PMID- 1244035 TI - Final HMO qualification regs out; dual-choice next. PMID- 1244037 TI - Jointly managed funds will be faced with major problems when HMO act is implemented. PMID- 1244036 TI - How to pay less for prescription drugs. PMID- 1244038 TI - Pharmacies plan to use medical foundation format: price-fix questions avoided. PMID- 1244039 TI - Trend to noncontributory plans apparent in study, as conference board analyzes plans of 2,000 firms. PMID- 1244041 TI - "Aiello" application again rejected in maternity plea. PMID- 1244040 TI - Benefit increases present in most '74 pacts. PMID- 1244042 TI - Group accident & health in 1974 by lines. PMID- 1244043 TI - How does employer determine required contribution rate to an HMO plan? PMID- 1244044 TI - Labor and HEW reach impasse over proposed collective bargaining limitations in HMO regs. PMID- 1244046 TI - Will deficits cause hospitals to close outpatient clinics? PMID- 1244045 TI - Mo. Supreme Court finds in favor of Monsanto. However, outcome for most will be inconsequential. PMID- 1244047 TI - "Wait and see" attitude adopted by doctors in considering corporate practice of medicine. PMID- 1244048 TI - Self-employed plan vs. professional corp. PMID- 1244049 TI - How do carriers receive medical evidence in underwriting group life for small firms? PMID- 1244051 TI - Proposed standards for network of HMOs under U.S. employees health plan. PMID- 1244050 TI - Conflict in district courts on "Aiello" application to Title VII maternity issues. PMID- 1244052 TI - Written NHI statements 1st step for Ways & Means. PMID- 1244053 TI - HMO regulations issued for Section 1310. Proposed dual choice regs leave unanswered questions. PMID- 1244054 TI - Phase in of HMO coverage will affect dual choice. PMID- 1244055 TI - Union H&W fund starts alcoholism program. PMID- 1244056 TI - Nashville metro employees heavily favor HMO option. PMID- 1244057 TI - Kodak, Sandia prepare dual-choice information. PMID- 1244058 TI - Va. BC-BS strive for cost control. PMID- 1244059 TI - HMO Act is causing problems; many want amendments. PMID- 1244060 TI - Dental plans should include fast claims payments and pre-treatment review procedures, says Walton. PMID- 1244061 TI - BPAI hears the Blue Cross Home Care effort explained. PMID- 1244062 TI - Health coverage is OK with employers, but most of them are balking at the idea of federal intrusion. PMID- 1244063 TI - Most Calif. union workers have dental plan, state study shows. PMID- 1244064 TI - Yale medical standards study available from Commerce Dept. PMID- 1244065 TI - GE loses Title VII appeal: court rules discrimination. PMID- 1244066 TI - [Metabolic and physico-chemical phenomena regulating membrane ion equilibrium]. PMID- 1244067 TI - [Influence of the concentration and protein-corpuscle interaction on viscosity]. PMID- 1244068 TI - [Electrochemical changes experimentally induced with hyperkalenia in various conditions of acid-base equilibrium]. PMID- 1244069 TI - [Behavior of serum triiodothyronine in subjects treated with I-131 for hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 1244070 TI - [Cardiogenic interlobar pleural effusions]. PMID- 1244071 TI - [Consumption of alcoholic beverages prior to non-psychiatric hospitalization]. PMID- 1244073 TI - Chrysotile asbestos: biological reaction potential. AB - Evidence is presented indicating that chrysotile asbestos induces rapid cellular ageing in lung fibroblast cultures. Depending on the dose of asbestos given to these cultures the formation of fibrous collagen is enhanced or suppressed. The reaction of chrysotile at the cellular and molecular level is discussed and is considered to be determined by the organic coating it receives or the manner in which the surface absorbed material is modified. Studies are included of the ability of chrysotile to adsorb and retain serum proteins, pulmonary surfactant and lysosomal enzymes. Finally, a critical appraisal is given of the theories accounting for chrysotile-induced fibrogenesis particularly related to the lung fibroblast system studied. PMID- 1244074 TI - Primary sub-conjunctival lymphosarcoma. PMID- 1244076 TI - Old and new fields of research on the tryptophan. PMID- 1244075 TI - [Early postgastrectomy syndromes]. PMID- 1244077 TI - Tryptophan metabolism and recurrence rates of patients with breast cancer after mastectomy. AB - Women with early breast cancer were given a loading dose of L-tryptophan after mastectomy and a comparison made between their excretion of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and the rate of recurrence of the disease. PMID- 1244078 TI - The excretion of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in patients with bladder and kidney carcinoma. AB - In comparison with healthy age- and sex-comparable subjects, a significantly higher concentration of unconjugated 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid was detected in the urine of untreated bladder and kidney carcinoma patients. Because of tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid is suspected to be involved in the carcinogenesis of bladder tumours, it is of importance to know if the concentration will normalize to the level of the control group after curation of the tumours, indicating that the aberration was a result of the disease itself. The first results from a study in bladder carcinoma patients during the follow-up after curation of the tumours suggest a persistent increase in the urinary concentration of free 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. PMID- 1244079 TI - The action of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and other tryptophan metabolites on stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - Short term cultures of phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes were used to study effects of tryptophan metabolites of the kynurenine pathway at the cellular level. Only the metabolites 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine demonstrated an effect when (3H) thymidine was used to monitor the response. Morphological examination of the cultures did not clearly reveal an effect. Because the adenosine triphosphate level was also decreased upon the addition of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid the possibility is considered that the mechanism of action of the metabolite on cultured lymphocytes can be explained by a suppression of the oxydative phosphorylation. PMID- 1244080 TI - Studies on tryptophan metabolism in Danish bladder cancer patients. AB - Urinary excretion of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway before and after a loading dose of 2 g L-tryptophan was studied in 31 bladder cancer patients from the Copenhagen area. Only 2 patients (6 per cent) showed abnormal tryptophan metabolism, and both patients excreted increased amounts of only 3 hydroxykynurenine after a loading dose of 2 g L-tryptophan. The percentage of bladder cancer patients with abnormal tryptophan metabolism is compared with the percentage found in other parts of the world. It is suggested that these findings may indicate that tryptophan metabolites do not play a major role in the genesis of bladder cancer among bladder cancer patients from the Copenhagen area. Other etiologic factors should be looked for. PMID- 1244081 TI - Twenty years of tryptophan studies in humans. PMID- 1244082 TI - The excretion of tryptophan metabolites in patients with different forms of haemoblastosis. AB - The urinary excretion of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic and xanthurenic acid has been determined by bidimensional paper chromatography in 61 patients with different forms of haemoblastosis (27 cases of Hodgkin's disease, 10 cases of non Hodgkin's lymphomas, 8 cases of acute leukaemia, 11 cases of myeloproliferative disorders, 5 cases of lympho-immunoproliferative disorders). An abnormal urinary excretion of some metabolites of tryptophan's kynurenine pathway is frequent but not constant in all the neoplasias of the myelolymphopoietic system studied so far. In Hodgkin's disease the correlative test between urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites and clinical stage, histological type and treatment enabled us to point out that the anatomo-clinical diffusion of the lymphoma interferes only through kynurenine and 3 hydroxykynurenine excretion. The histological type seems to influence the 3 hydroxykynurenine excretion. On the contrary, the metabolic alterations present are not affected by treatment. We believe that the metabolic alteration of tryptophan is secondary to a deficit of pyridoxal phosphate and nicotinamide dependent enzyme activities. PMID- 1244083 TI - Effect of phototherapy on the urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. AB - The 24 hours urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites after an aminoacid loading (50 mg/Kg body-weight) was studied in a group of hyperbilirubinemic infants with or without light exposure treatment, in comparison to normal newborn babies. Kynurenine was the main metabolite in the urine of the control subjects. In the hyperbilirubinemic infants a high urinary excretion of kynurenine and 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid was observed. In the ones treated with phototherapy these two substances were markedly decreased. Besides 3-hydroxykynurenine was almost always absent. The effect of the light exposure was studied on kynurenine and 3 hydroxykynurenine "in vitro". Kynurenine did not present any photodecomposition. On the contrary, 3-hydroxykynurenine was easily decomposed. This fact can explain the decreased excretion of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid observed in urine of hyperbilirubinemic newborn infants treated with phototherapy. The decrease of kynurenine in these infants probably is a consequence of the photodecomposition of 3-hydroxykynurenine. PMID- 1244085 TI - Research on tryptophan metabolites "via kynurenine" in epidermis of man and mouse. AB - The pattern of tryptophan metabolites "via kynurenine" was determined in the epidermis of man and mouse using semiquantitative method of one- and two dimensional thin-layer-chromatography. In the epidermis of healthy man the following metabolites were present: tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid, nicotinic acid; the same metabolites, with the exception of kynurenine, were present in the epidermis of healthy mouse. In the epidermis of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and of those with pellagra, the above pattern was modified and resulted similar to that found in the urine. In the epidermis of patients with pellagroid erythema an alteration of "via kynurenine" metabolites was present. In epithelioma tissues all the above mentioned metabolites were increased while in keratoacanthoma were normal. In burnt epidermis xanthurenic acid was present. In the epidermis of mouse with DDC-porphyria the pattern was characterised by absence of tryptophan, anthranilic and nicotinic acids. These data and those obtained by determination of tryptophan-pyrrolase and kynureninase activities are presented and discussed. PMID- 1244084 TI - Effects of oral contraceptives on tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 requirements in women. AB - To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive usage on the nutritional requirement for vitamin B6, control women and oral contraceptive users were depleted of vitamin B6 for 1 month followed by a month of repletion with 0.8, 2.0, or 20.0 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride per day. At weekly intervals a number of indices of vitamin B6 nutrition were measured. Marked elevation in excretion of tryptophan metabolites occurred in oral contraceptive users after tryptophan loads. However, other indices of vitamin B6 nutritional state, including urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion, urinary cystathionine excretion, plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentrations, and erythrocyte aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were not different between controls and oral contraceptive users. The excretion of metabolites after oral loading doses of L-kynurenine (which bypasses tryptophan oxygenase) was elevated in oral contraceptive users indicating that abnormal metabolism of tryptophan was not due only to induced tryptophan oxygenase. The data indicate that use of oral contraceptives does not generally change the requirement for vitamin B6 but rather produces a specific change in activity of enzymes beyond kynurenine in the pathway of tryptophan metabolism. PMID- 1244086 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in skin diseases. AB - In a number of skin disturbances conditioned or aggravated by sunlight and/or mainly diffused to the cutaneous connective tissue (present acquired pellagra, lupus erythematosus, porphyria cutanea tarda, actinic reticuloid, Rothmund Thomson syndrome, lymphocytoma cutis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, burns, linphomas, parapsoriasis, acrodermatitis enteropathica) excretive changes were found only in the "via kynurenine" metabolites. As a rule kynureniase activity was reduced and tryptophan-pyrrolase activity was increased. In the epidermis tryptophan leads to niacin pathway was found to be present and sometimes autonomous. PMID- 1244087 TI - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. A new vista in tryptophan metabolism. PMID- 1244088 TI - Influence of iron and ascorbic acid on tryptophan metabolism in man. AB - South African Bantu patients with a scurvy-type skin, which developed after a prolonged, iron-induced hemosiderosis, were studied with ascorbic acid-1-C14 and the 2 gm tryptophan load test. The metabolism of the two compounds was found to be abnormal in these patients. The data suggested that ascorbic acid was rapidly (iron accelerated) metabolized to monodehydroascorbate, a compound that rapidly reacts with tissue DPNH to form DPN. This mechanism could reduce tissue levels of DPNH such that the feed-back control of tryptophan pyrolase enzyme was depressed. The change in control level of the pyrrolase enzyme permitted large quantities of tryptophan to be converted into the kynurenine pathway products, and a smaller quantity for the serotonin pathway. This mechanism could contribute to the abnormal tryptophan metabolism found in chronic pellagrins with dementia. PMID- 1244089 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in untreated phenylketonuria. PMID- 1244090 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in nervous disease. AB - The paper describes effects of tryptophan loading on tryptophan metabolism in healthy persons as well as alterations of tryptophan metabolism observed in varians diseases associated with nervous symptoms, i.e. Wilson's disease, Hartnup disease, phenylketonuria and acute intermittent porphyria. The results are discussed. PMID- 1244091 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in various nutritive conditions. AB - In phenylalanine administered rat, tryptophan chiefly metabolized to xanthurenic acid and in nicotinic acid administration to 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid mainly. MAO reaction inhibited by quinoline compound and the inhibition of kynurenine aminotransferase activity through the injection of epinephrine or serotonin were observed. And also the induction of tryptophanpyrrolase in starvation was discussed. PMID- 1244092 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in the joint diseases. AB - Tryptophan metabolites through kynurenine pathway and 5-hydroxytryptophan pathway in the synovial fluid, blood and urine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those with osteoarthritis were investigated in order to know the specificity of the tryptophan metabolism, especially the role of serotonin in the joint diseases. A metabolic map of tryptophan in the synovial fluid was also made. It was found that tryptophan in rheumatoid arthritis was metabolized mainly to anthranilic acid through kynurenine in the kynurenine pathway, whereas in osteoarthritis the pathway of kynurenic acid and nicotinic acid was characteristic. Otherwise in 5-hydroxytryptophan pathway there were no significant differences in the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in the synovial fluid between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis but the activity of monoamine oxidase in the synovial fluid was higher in osteoarthritis than in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1244093 TI - Tryptophan/nicotinic acid pathway during levodopa treatment of Parkinsonism. AB - The behaviour of some urinary metabolites of tryptophan/nicotinic acid pathway was studied in 7 patients with Parkinson's disease during a 24-day period of levodopa treatment. Corresponding to the appearance of side-effects (agitation, anorexia, dysphagia, glossitis, abdominal pains) in 5 patients there was an increase in urinary Ky, AA, AAG, o-AHA, and 3-HK, while 3-HAA excretion fell. Since no other drugs were given, it was presumed that this effect was due to levodopa administration. PMID- 1244094 TI - Nature and biosynthesis of ommochromes in Locusta migratoria cinerascens Fabr. (Orthoptera, Acrididae) and its albino mutant. AB - The identification and localization of the 4 ommochromes present in locust body were established. 2 new chemical species were isolated: acridiommatins 1 (under crystalline form) and 2 (perhaps a xanthommatin ester). The course of their biosynthesis was studied with 2 different methods: quantitative analysis of the ommochrome content in organs during the 2 last larvel instars and the whole imaginal life and measurement of the tryptophan pyrrolase activities during the same period in the normal strain and in an albino mutant strain. With these 2 methods a cyclic activity related to the moulting cycle was found in the ommochrome pathway without any notable difference beween the 2 strains. PMID- 1244095 TI - Yellow pigments in the wings of Papilio xuthus (papilionid butterfly). AB - The yellow pigment (Papiliochrome II) of the wings of Papilio xuthus (papilionid butterfly) were extracted, purified with column chromatographies, and examined for chemical and physical properties. Furthermore, the decomposition-products of the pigment were isolated with columm chromatographies and identified. It was found that the pigment readily decomposed on heating to a DOPAmine derivative (SN 1) and kynurenine and that the SN-1 substance was broken down into a DOPAmine derivative (SN-1a) and beta-alanine by hydrolysis in 1 N HCl. These results were confirmed by the injection-experiments of 14C-tryptophan, 14C-DOPAmine, and 14C beta-alanine. It has been concluded that Papilio-chrome II contains a beta-alanyl DOPAmine derivative and kynurenine as constituents. PMID- 1244096 TI - Studies on melanogenesis of tryptophan in Harding-Passey mouse melanoma. AB - D,L-tryptophan[benzene ring-14C (U)] and D,L-tryptophan (methylene-14C) are incorporated significantly into melanin of Harding-Passey mouse melanoma. D,L-5 hydroxytryptophan (methylene-14C) and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3-14C (serotonin) gave an incorporation of radioactivity into melanin significantly lower than tryptophan. D,L-tyrosine-2-14C was incorporated into melanin as well as tryptophan. Therefore tryptophan must be considered an important precursor in the biogenesis of melanins too. PMID- 1244097 TI - Effect of tryptophan and its metabolites on gluconeogenesis in mammalian tissues. AB - In parenchymal cells from starved mice L-tryptophan is a potent inhibitor of gluconeogenesis from substrates giving rise to oxaloacetate. Quinolinate yields a different pattern of inhibition and is generally much less effective. Tryptamine, indole 3-acetaldehyde and indole 3-acetate are equally as effective as tryptophan. Tryptamine inhibition alone may be overcome by pargyline; serotonin does not prevent the inhibition due to tryptophan. In kidney slices from starved rats, however, tryptophan has no effect on gluconeogenesis. Indole 3-acetate is also relatively ineffective, but quinolinate is signficiantly more potent than in liver; at 0.1mM, glucose production from lactate is 50% inhibited. Quinolinate is less effective with citric acid cycle substrates; the pattern of inhibition is consistent with a direct action on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. There is no evidence that glutamate dehydrogenase is simultaneously inhibited. PMID- 1244098 TI - Abnormal tryptophan metabolism and experimental diabetes by xanthurenic acid (XA). AB - 1) Xanthurenic acid-insulin complex reduced insulin activity. 2) The antigenicity of xanthurenic acid-insulin was almost same as native insulin. 3) Saturated fat increased urinary xanthurenic acid in vitamin B6 deficiency. PMID- 1244099 TI - Purification of xanthurenic acid-insuline complex. AB - Tritium labeled xanthurenic acid (XA)-insulin complexes A and B were obtained. These were shown to be one component by the disc electrophoresis, and bound XA was not liberated by the electrophoresis from the paper electrophoresis experiment. The result of the gel filtration showed that the molecular weight of the complex A and B was 24,000. But there is still a possibility that complex B might be contaminated with free insulin. PMID- 1244100 TI - Selective separation of tryptophan derivatives using sulfenyl halides. AB - Upon reaction of tryptophan containing proteins with 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride (NPS-Cl) the nitroaryl chromphore (lambda max 365 nm, epsilon 4000) is covalently linked at the 2-position of the indole ring of tryptophan. From the mixture of peptides obtained by enzymatic or chemical fragmentation of the labelled protein, the yellow tryptophan peptides are much more easily separated by column as well as paper chromatographic techniques, since their easier detection by spectrophotometry. Tryptophan peptides have been also isolated by diagonal electrophoresis, upon introduction of a carboxylate anion in the peptide by reaction with the carboxy-substituted reagent 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenylsulfenyl chloride. Sulfenl halides have been also used for the selective chemical coupling of tryptophan peptides to a solid support, thus facilitating their separation. N acetyl-tryptophan has been covalently coupled to an amino-resin (aminoethylated Bio-Gel), and the resulting polymer reacted with a mixture of peptides in presence of 4,6-dinitrophenyl-1,3-disulfenyl chloride in glacial acetic acid. Selective covalent binding of tryptophan peptides has been checked. PMID- 1244101 TI - Microbiological synthesis of L-tryptophan and its related amino acids. AB - Crystalline tryptophanase from Proteus rettgeri was shown to catalyze the synthesis of L-tryptophan from pyruvate, ammonia and indole, at maximum velocity approaching that of the degradative reaction. Based on the results obtained with the crystalline tryptophanase, an enzymatic method for preparation of L tryptophan and its related amino acids was developed. The cells of Proteus rettgeri containing high enzymatic activity were used directly as the enzyme. This method is simple and is one of the most economical processes to date for preparing L-tryptophan related amino acids from starting materials: sodium pyruvate, indole and its derivatives. PMID- 1244102 TI - Applications of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in neurochemical studies: determination of indole amine profiles at the picogram level. AB - Work is presented on the application of sensitive and specific analytical methods for the simultaneous assay of tryptophan and its indolic metabolites (5 hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid, tryptamine and indoleacetic acid). Due to their small concentrations in selected areas of the central nervous system, suitable derivatives have been prepared for separation by Gas Chromatography (GC) and detection by electron capture (ECD). Carboxylic acid groups have been methylated with BCl3-methanol and phenolic and amine groups have been acylated to pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. This type of derivatives allow a detectability limit of 5 picograms (5 x 10(-12) gr) if the corresponding reaction kinetics and yields are properly optimized. Response curves are presented. Identifications have been obtained by combined GC-MS and by the use of Kovats indeces in two GC stationary phases. The GC separation of the six compounds indicated above can be performed in less than 5 minutes with quantitative reproducibility. This work opens the possibility of performing comparative studies ("screening") of various physiological and pathological conditions by detecting any changes in the profile representative of a whole metabolic pathway, such as that of the indolic compounds in this case. PMID- 1244103 TI - The influence of antiepileptic drugs on vitamin B6 metabolism. AB - Vitamin B6 nutriture was measured by means of determination of activity of EGOT in 30 and of serum pyridoxal phosphate in 27 epileptic children under antiepileptic treatment with various antiepileptic drugs and with hydantoin and succinimide alone, 25 healthy infants and children were controls. Under the treatment with antiepileptic drugs, especially with hydantoin and succinimide a depression of the activity of EGOT and the level of pyridoxal-phosphate in serum followed. As an induction of vitamin B6 dependnet enzyme activity can be excluded a possible explanation for the disturbance in vitamin B6 metabolism could be the inhibition of activity of pyridoxalkinase. We consider the administration of vitamin B6 in addition to hydantoin and succinimide as appropriate. PMID- 1244104 TI - Free and bound tryptophan in the blood of depressives. AB - In in vitro studies, the influence of pH and the concentration of albumin on the binding of tryptophan to this protein is shown. Addition of palmitic acid to human plasma decreases specifically bound and increases free tryptophan. In separate experiments, free and bound tryptophan, tyrosine, free fatty acids (NEFA) and albumine were studied in healthy volunteers and depressives treated by sleep deprivation. PMID- 1244105 TI - Labelling of the indole nucleus of tryptophan at the 2-position. AB - Tryptophan may be converted in high yields to the 2-hydroxy-derivative by reaction of sulfenyl halides and subsequent hydrolysis in 20% acetic acid at high temperature of the 2-thioaryl-compound. 2-Thiol-tryptophan and related compounds have been obtained by reduction of the tryptophan dimers obtained by reaction with sulfur dicholoride (S2Cl2). Novel methods of isotopic labelling the indole moiety at the 2-position have been also developed. 2-Thioaryl-indole derivatives with a propionic acid side chain at the 3-position are converted by one equivalent of N-bromosuccinimide in bicarbonate solution to lactones, which upon reduction with NaBH4 (or NaBD4 or NaBT4) give indole-propionic acid derivatives (or 2-labelled compounds thereof). The incorporation of deuterium or tritium was approximately 80%. PMID- 1244106 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in Cicer arietinum. AB - Crude extracts of Cicer arietinum seedlings contain enzymes that mediate the oxidation of tryptophan. The most active is formylase followed by tryptophan oxygenase and kynureninase. Tryptophan is also utilized for the synthesis of indolyl-3-acetic acid. The stimulation of tryptophan oxygenase in seedlings incubated in presnece of indolyl-3-acetic acid has been shown by specific labelling of haem moeity and the apoenzyme not to involve de novo synthesis. PMID- 1244107 TI - Studies on the metabolic pathway of anthranilic acid in rats. AB - Recent experiments with administration of anthranilic acid in rats afforded two new metabolites; anthranilamide and a light blue fluorescent substance. Administration of anthranilamide to rats resulted in urinary excretion of two main metabolites which were isolated from urine as 3-hydroxyanthranilamide-O sulfate and 5-hydroxyanthranilamide-O-sulfate. This fact showed that anthranilamide is hydroxylated and then conjugated in vivo. Hydroxylation of anthranilamide was found to be catalyzed by drugs hydroxylation system but not by the microsomes alone, and is a specific reaction activated by a protein component contained in the soluble fraction. The purified protein component was recongneized that it was bluish green protein containing copper and zinc, and its molecular weight was 25,700. This protein component had no effect on the metabolism of drugs by liver microsomes but showed specific activation of hydroxylation of 2-aminobenzoyl compounds. PMID- 1244108 TI - Activation of tryptophan pyrrolase by benzylhydrazine. AB - The mechanism responsible for the activation of tryptophan pyrrolase (TP) by benzylhydrazine (BZH) was investigated. The increase in holo/apo ratio of rat TP activity after addition of BZH in concentration of 1 x 10(-4)M, which is a major metabolite of isocarboxazid (ISOC), was higher than those in mice and guinea pigs. In addition, treatment with ISOC to rats (50 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in a significant increase in TP activity. These results suggested that the BZH-induced elevation of TP is at least in part due to a stimulation of conjugation step of TP activity. PMID- 1244110 TI - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Note I. Catalytic and molecular properties. PMID- 1244109 TI - Tryptophan oxygenase: developmental and comparative studies. PMID- 1244111 TI - Triamterene and mouse liver tryptophan pyrrolase: possible activation of cytosol by the pteridine in enhancing enzymic activity. AB - Triamterene (2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine), a diuretic drug, affects the hepatic endogenous holotryptophan pyrrolase (EC 1.13.1.12) in the mouse, with stress from sham-operation as a preconditioning factor; under these conditions, maximum levels of enzymatic activities are obtained. These values range from 6.87 to 9.84 units with a mean value of 8.252 mumoles of kynurenine per gram tissue per hour. Employing similar experimental designs, the effects of cortisol were studied for comparative evaluation; these activities range from 4.154 to 4.999 units with a mean value of 4.49. The significance and the possible mechanism of action of triamterene are discussed. PMID- 1244112 TI - The rate of tryptophan oxidation by tryptophan pyrrolase in the rat: effect of tryptophan loads and changes in tryptophan pyrrolase activity. AB - The in vivo assay of tryptophan pyrrolase gives best results when [ring-2-14C] tryptophan is used and rates of labelled CO2 production are measured at short times after the labelled tryptophan injection. Using this technique in conjunction with in vitro measurements, we find that both tryptophan pyrrolase activity and the liver tryptophan concentration are important factors in controlling the rate of tryptophan breakdown by pyrrolase. Tryptophan in the liver has a very high turnover rate, and the enzyme activity and the liver tryptophan concentration interact. Thus a high liver tryptophan increases the enzyme to speed tryptophan breakdown, while a high pyrrolase activity may tend to lower liver tryptophan, thus tending to decrease both the rate of tryptophan catabolism and possibly the enzyme activity. PMID- 1244113 TI - Subcellular distribution and properties of rat liver kynurenine transaminase. AB - Kynurenine transaminase activity in rat liver was found in both the mitochondrial and supernatant fractions. The mitochondrial and supernatant fractions contained (a) kynurenine pyruvate transaminase which showed a preference for pyruvate as amino-acceptor and a pH optimum between 8.0 and 8.5 and (b) kynurenine alpha ketoglutarate transaminase with a preference for alpha-ketoglutarate and a pH optimum between 6.0 and 6.5. PMID- 1244114 TI - Kynurenine pyruvate transaminase and its specific inhibitor in rat intestine. AB - Kynurenine pyruvate transaminase was partially purified and characterized. The enzyme catalysed the conversion of L-knurenine to kynurenic acid. Transamination rates of 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine and 5-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine by the enzyme were 1/2.9 and 1/2.6 of kynurenine. The enzyme showed a higher preference for pyruvate than 2-oxoglutarate as aminoacceptor. The pH optimum of the reaction was 8.0 and 8.5. It was shown that the inhibitor of kynurenine pyruvate transaminase was present in the intestine. PMID- 1244116 TI - The problem of some naturally occurring substances and their correlated compounds interfering with B6-dependent enzyme activities involved in tryptophan degradation. Xanthurenic acid accumulation in B6-deficiency. PMID- 1244115 TI - Factors affecting the access of mitochondrial kynurenine aminotransferase to its substrates. AB - The kynurenine aminotransferase activity of isolated rat kidney mitochondria is enhanced several-fold by membrane disruption or by the addition of 1 mM CaCl2. The addition of CaCl2 can thus be used conveniently to obtain full expression of the mitochondrial enzyme activity. CaCl2 apparently stimulates the activity by facilitating the penetration of the mitochondrial inner membrane by the substrate, alpha-ketoglutarate. Consistent with this view, two inhibitors of dicarboxylate translocation, benzylmalonate and quinolinate, inhibited the activity of the isolated mitochondria but not that of the disrupted mitochondria. Both inhibitions were prevented at higher Ca++ concentrations, suggesting that thes compounds inhibit by complexing Ca++ needed for the translocation of alpha ketoglutarate. This action of quinolinate may explain its ability to interfere in vivo with the mitochondrial translocation of dicarboxylates as reported by Spydevold et al. PMID- 1244117 TI - Relationship between pyridoxal phosphate and some synthetic oestrogens, gonadotropin and thyroxine in their effects on kynurenine hydrolase and kynurenine aminotransferase enzymes of normal mouse liver. AB - The interrelationship between pyridoxal phosphate and gonadotropin and thyroxine in their effects on kynurenine metabolism was studied in the whole liver homogenates from male mice. These in vitro studies were planned to investigate the effects of these hormones on the vitamin B6-dependent enzymes, kynurenine aminotransferase and kynurenine hydrolase. It was found that gonadotropin (from serum of pregnant mares) inhibits both enzymes, whereas thyroxine inhibits the kynurenine aminotransaminase enzymes only. There was evidence indicating that pyridoxal phosphate was not the factor directly responsible for the observed inhibition. Increasing concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate were unable to counteract the inhibitory effects of these hormones. PMID- 1244118 TI - Hydroxykynureninase and the excretion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate by yeast. AB - A comparative analysis of the kynureninase-type activity found in various organisms has demonstrated two forms of enzyme. One, inducible by tryptophan, has a relatively low Km for L-kynurenine, and is found in microorganisms such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Neurospora crassa. The other, unaffected by tryptophan, has a low Km for L-3-hydroxykynurenine and is found in a wide variety of organisms, including molds, amphibia, birds and mammals. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks the inducible kynureninase but contains the constitutive enzyme termed an hydroxykynureninase. As a result, the yeast, unlike M. crassa, excretes 3-hydroxyanthranilate in response to L-tryptophan. However, initial studies indicate that little if any 3-hydroxyanthranilate accumulates in beer, wine or bread. Although 3-hydroxyanthranilate is suspect as an endogenous carcinogen, its carcinogenicity as an exogenous agent has not been shown. PMID- 1244119 TI - Regulation of the activity of microbial kynureninase by transamination of the enzyme-bound coenzyme. AB - Kynureninase was purified to homogeneity from the extracts of Pseudomonas marginalis and Neurospora crassa. The active kynureninase containing pyridoxal 5' phosphate transaminates with L-ornithine or L-alanine to form the inactive pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate form of enzyme and delta1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate or pyruvate. This inactive enzyme transaminates with pyruvate to restore the active pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme and L-alanine. The activity of kynureninase is regulated in this manner by transamination of the coenzyme moiety. PMID- 1244120 TI - Studies on 3-hydroxykynureninase from rat liver. AB - Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase E.C. 3.7.1.3.) was purified about 200 times from rat liver. The purified enzyme catalyzes the L-3-hydroxykynurenine leads to 3-hydroxyanthranilate reaction more favorably than the L-kynurenine leads to anthranilate reaction, with Km values of 1.67 x 10(-6) M for L-3 hydroxykynurenine and of 1.67 x 10(-4) M for L-kynurenine. Besides, this enzyme did not produce 5-hydroxyanthranilate from D,L-5-hydroxykynurenine. Therefore we think it is mainly a 3-hydroxykynureninase regulating the tryptophan degradation towards the formation of nicotinic acid necessary to NAD synthesis, rather than towards the accumulation of anthranilate. PMID- 1244121 TI - Development of analytical methods for the detection and determination of kynurenic and xanthurenic acids. AB - A survey was carried out on the techniques developed by numerous research workers in this important field since Liebig discovered the presence of kynurenic acid in the urine of dogs fed on meat and Musajo that of xanthurenic acid in the urine of rats on a fibrin diet. The survey starts with the old methods of assay by precipitation of kynurenic acid and goes on to include the more recent ones of colorimetric assay of xanthurenic acid with ferrous sulphate or ferric chloride and of kynurenic acid by means of transformation into a chloro-derivative of the type of Besthorn dyes. Chromatographic techniques including paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography nad gas chromatography, enabled researchers to detect the slightest traces of the two quinolincarbonic acids in the biological fluids together with the other metabolites of tryptophan. Among the techniques adopted for this purpose electrophoresis, automatic analyzers, polarography and, finally, the use of labelled substances, in particular L tryptophan-3-C14, are included. PMID- 1244122 TI - Perspectives for ISTRY: aims and alternatives. PMID- 1244124 TI - Quantitative analysis of tryptophan metabolites in urine of normal and endotoxin poisoned mice. AB - We have developed methods for quantitatively monitoring the in vivo flow of tryptophan between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. Our data suggest that endotoxin-poisoned mice have more tryptophan flowing into the serotonin pathway than normal mice both with and without tryptophan load. It appears that the distribution of tryptophan between the serotonin and kynurenine pathways in vivo is constant over a very wide dose range and that substrate availability rather than tryptophan oxygenase activity determines the precise amounts of tryptophan which flows into the two pathways. PMID- 1244123 TI - A thin layer chromatographic method for the separation and identification of the tryptophan metabolites present in whole human urine. AB - This paper reports a new thin layer chromatographic system which is able to separate a total of thirtyeight (38) tryptophan metabolites from a synthetic mixture in a period of three hours. The system consists of thin layers of silica gel GF254 which are eluted in two dimensions, employing in the first dimension a mixture of propanone, 2-propanol, water, ammonia (0.88) (50 : 40 : 7 : 3 V/V) and in the second dimension a mixture of chloroform, glacial acetic acid, methanol and water (65 : 20 : 10 : 5 V/V). A method whereby the separated tryptophan metabolites may be unambiguously identified in situ following the thin layer chromatography is also presented and discussed. This method utilises the effect of ultraviolet light, at 254 and 350 nm, and the colour reactions between the metabolites and four reagents namely, a modified Ehrlich, o-phthaldehyde, Pauly and Ninhydrin-cadmium acetate. A summary of the unsuccessful attempts to quantitate the modified Ehrlich positive metabolites by in situ reflectance densitometry is also given. Finally, it is demonstrated that the new system may be used to advantage to separate and identify tryptophan metabolites in studies of whole human urine. PMID- 1244125 TI - A study of urinary tryptophan metabolites in relation to the phenylalanine content of semi-synthetic diets in a patient with phenylketonuria. AB - The influence of different phenylalanine (Phe) levels in semi-synthetic diets on the urinary excretion of tryptophan (Try) metabolites was studied in one untreated phenylketonuric (PKU) patient. Low dietary Phe decreased the excretion of indoleacetic acid, indolelactic acid, indican and Try but did not increase 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Under the low Phe diet, the excretion of N acetyltryptophan, kynurenic and xanthurenic acid are greatly increased in the urine after a Try load. The possible significance of the extensive acetylation of Try and Phe is discussed in relation to the low blood levels of Try and PKU and to the phenomenon of decreasing blood Phe levels in PKU. PMID- 1244127 TI - The control of brain tryptophan concentration. AB - Addition of linoleic acid to rat plasma caused increased uptake of radioactive tryptophan by incubated brain slices. Addition of competing amino acids within the physiological range of their concentrations had negligible effect. Rat midbrain tryptophan concentration in vivo correlated significantly with plasma free tryptophan. These results are consistent with previous work indicating the importance of plasma free tryptophan as a determinant of brain tryptophan concentration. PMID- 1244126 TI - Regulation of plasma free 5-hydroxytryptamine level. AB - In this study we investigated the mechanisms which control the level of free 5 hydroxytryptamine in plasma. Results indicate that both degradation by monoamineoxidase and uptake by platelets are important for this control. On the other hand, results show that an increase of plasma free 5-HT induces cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 1244128 TI - Tryptophan-free diet: a new means for rapidly decreasing brain tryptophan content and serotonin synthesis. AB - Changes in the synthesis rate of brain serotonin are positively correlated with changes in the concentration of brain tryptophan, indicating that the concentration of tryptophan in the whole brain reflects that at sites of serotonin synthesis. In turn, the concentration of brain tryptophan is positively correlated with that of free serum tryptophan (tryptophan is the only amino acid bound to serum proteins) and negatively to that of other amino acids competing with tryptophan for the same transport from blood to brain. Consistently, experiments in rats have shown that treatments which increase free tryptophan in serum (in respect to competing amino acids) also increase brain tryptophan and serotonin turnover. Conversely, the ingestion of diets containing all amino acids except tryptophan cause a dramatic fall in free serum tryptophan and a parallel decline in brain tryptophan and serotonin synthesis. In man the administration of an amino acid mixture lacking trytophan produces a marked depletion in serum tryptophan concentration. PMID- 1244129 TI - Effect of clozapine on 5-HIAA excretion in urine and CSF of psychotic patients and on serotonin metabolism in rat brain. AB - In a clinical study and with experiments in rats Clozapine showed a sedative effect, which diminished during the treatment, and indicated a development of tolerance. 5-HIAA in urine and CSF of patients was elevated after 10 days of treatment. 5-HT and 5-HIAA were elevated in the brains of rats in acute experiments as well as in chronic experiments. PMID- 1244130 TI - Effect of clozapine on the metabolism of serotonin in rat brain. PMID- 1244131 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy and growth hormone on tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. AB - The present study reports data on brain serotonin (5-HT) metabolism in two experimental conditions which have in common a lack of pituitary growth hormone (GH) and refers also the effect of a GH replacement therapy. In hypophysectomized female rats or genetically dwarf mice, which have a more selective deficiency of GH, brain tryptophan (TP) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were significantly higher than in age-matched controls. Brain levels of 5-HT were practically unchanged. A GH replacement therapy resulted in both hypophysectomized rats and dwarf mice in a significant reduction of brain TP and 5-HIAA concentrations. These results suggest that GH may exert an inhibitory action on 5-HT metabolism. Consonant with this view are the preliminary findings that in 7 individuals with elevated plasma GH levels for acromegaly, plasma TP levels were lower than in control subjects. PMID- 1244132 TI - Gradients of concentrations of tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). AB - CSF from neurological and other patients was analyzed for its content of tryptophan, 5-HIAA and homovanilic acid (HVA). The gradients of concentration of these substances from ventricular spaces to lumbar sac indicate that tryptophan and 5-HIAA probably enter the CSF from all levels of the nervous system, but that HVA originates entirely in the brain. A study of CSF tryptophan in patients with hepatic cirrhosis provided no support for theories which implicate abnormal tryptophan metabolism as a cause of hepatic coma. PMID- 1244133 TI - [Staffieri's functional laryngectomy: suggested operative technic]. PMID- 1244136 TI - [Results of interstitial radium therapy in malignant tumors of the mobile part of the tongue]. PMID- 1244134 TI - [Fascia lata graft in the phonatory glottis, using the Staffieri method]. PMID- 1244135 TI - [Environmental conditions and tourism: noise pollution]. PMID- 1244137 TI - [Laryngeal paralysis in surgery of the thyroid gland (Clinical case studies)]. PMID- 1244138 TI - [Rendu-Osler disease and diathermocoagulation in ORL]. PMID- 1244139 TI - [Technical procedure for rapid induction of anesthesia in laryngoscopy]. PMID- 1244140 TI - [Physiology of the middle ear and the acoustic reflex, with special reference to acoustic impedance]. PMID- 1244141 TI - [Clinical applications of acoustic impedance tests]. PMID- 1244142 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic fundamentals in serous otitis media]. PMID- 1244143 TI - [The oral cavity as a site of bacterial ecosystems]. PMID- 1244145 TI - [Long-term results of 50 radical operations with preservation of the posterior wall of the osseous auditory canal]. PMID- 1244146 TI - [Current status of homografts]. PMID- 1244144 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of lymphoscintigraphy with Au-198 in ORL neoplastic pathology]. PMID- 1244147 TI - [Experiences with microsurgery in tympanosclerosis]. PMID- 1244148 TI - [New trends in microsurgery of the middle ear]. PMID- 1244149 TI - [Classification of laryngotracheal stenosis]. PMID- 1244151 TI - [Forms and causes of post-tracheotomy stenosis]. PMID- 1244150 TI - [Diagnosis of laryngo-tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 1244153 TI - [Causes of laryngo-tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 1244152 TI - Causes of laryngo-tracheal stenosis following mechanical ventilation. PMID- 1244154 TI - [Experiences with a low-pressure cuff tube]. PMID- 1244155 TI - [Prevention of laryngo-tracheal stenosis after resuscitation]. PMID- 1244156 TI - [Treatment of tracheal and laryngotracheal stenosis after intubation or tracheotomy. Conservative treatment]. PMID- 1244157 TI - [The conservative method in treatment of laryngo-tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 1244158 TI - [Surgical treatment of laryngo-tracheal stenosis. Results of Rethi operations]. PMID- 1244159 TI - [Treatment of postoperative laryngeal stenosis]. PMID- 1244160 TI - [Chronic laryngo-tracheal stenosis. Surgical indications]. PMID- 1244161 TI - [Chronic laryngo-tracheal stenosis. Surgical treatment by resection-anastomosis]. PMID- 1244162 TI - [Treatment of tracheal stenosis by resection]. PMID- 1244163 TI - [Chronic laryngo-tracheal stenosis. Resection-anastomosis]. PMID- 1244166 TI - [Reconstruction of the ossicular chain]. PMID- 1244165 TI - [Extramedullary solitary plasmocytoma of the cephalic segment. Anatomo-clinical considerations on 6 personal cases]. PMID- 1244164 TI - [Surgery of the pterygopalatine fossa: vidian nerve neurectomy]. PMID- 1244167 TI - [Tracheal stenosis of the bronchopathic type. Apropos of 2 pediatric cases]. PMID- 1244168 TI - [Laryngo-tracheal stenosis and its treatment: cases in the ORL clinic of Bologna in the past 5 years]. PMID- 1244169 TI - [The increased frequency of tracheal stenosis and description of a personal method for tracheoplasty]. PMID- 1244170 TI - [Therapeutic considerations of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 1244172 TI - [Response to caloric vestibular stimulation in various levels of coma]. PMID- 1244171 TI - [Long-term results of the treatment of carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and mobile part of the toungue, and their regional lymph node metastases]. PMID- 1244173 TI - [Behavior of the cartilaginous structures of the larnyx in malignant laryngeal tumors]. PMID- 1244174 TI - [Extensive posterior perforations of the nasal septum: personal method of transpalatine neoseptoplasty]. PMID- 1244176 TI - The VDRL test in a blood transfusion service. AB - A survey has been made of the results of 12 months' VDRL screening in a blood transfusion service. Positive VDRL tests were found on 318 of the 73 350 blood donations collected during 1974. Thirty-four tests confirming specific treponemal infection were found in 24 donors. A battery of confirmatory tests showed the remaining 284 positive VDRL reactions from 235 donors to be biological false positive (BFP) results, and, of these, one-third were considered entirely negative by the reference laboratory. BFP reactions were commoner in female donors than in males, and a higher incidence than expected was observed in younger female donors and older male donors. A marked seasonal incidence was noted, 65% of all BFP tests from the transfusion service being found in the four colder months of May to August. Although some differences exist between the group as a whole and the 36 donors (15.3%) found to have BFP results on more than one occasion during the year, there is little evidence from these studies to suggest that regular blood donation per se is a contributing factor to the finding of a BFP result in VDRL screening. It is probable that the population tested regularly by the blood transfusion service reflects a small but representative sample of the community as a whole. PMID- 1244177 TI - [Separate kidney clearance test: automation of the method]. PMID- 1244175 TI - Serum gastrin level in early childhood. AB - Serum gastrin concentration was measured in newborns and infants with no gastrointestinal disorders, in the fasting state and after food stimulation. Mean fasting concentration in 14 newborns aged 1 to 12 days (130 . 4 pg/ml +/- 11 . 4 SE) was significantly higher than the mean value in 23 infants aged 1.5 to 22 months (101.4 +/- 6.6 pg/ml). Ingestion of the usual milk meal resulted in a definite rise of the serum gastrin level in the 5 subjects tested (3 newborns and 2 infants). The mean fasting serum gastrin level in 6 babies with hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux was found to be no different from the corresponding value in 8 age-matched controls. However, a conspicuously raised fasting gastrin concentration was observed in one infant with lower oesophageal dyskinesia. The results indicate that the release of gastrin and the reactivity of the hormone producing sites to food stimulation in early life are similar to those in adult humans. No defect of gastrin release was shown in patients with gastro oesophageal reflux. PMID- 1244178 TI - [Behavior of various immunological indices in a group of patients with silicosis]. PMID- 1244179 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with chronic bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 1244181 TI - [Rheumatoid pleurisy with acute onset]. PMID- 1244182 TI - [Gianotti-Crosti infantile papular acrodermatitis: description of a case]. PMID- 1244184 TI - Passive and active avoidance conditioning in rats with isolated medial hypothalamus. PMID- 1244180 TI - [Evaluation of blood cortisol in a group with silica-induced pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 1244183 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the diaphragm from the internist's point of view]. PMID- 1244185 TI - The influence of pyrithioxin-hyperventilation association on CSF lactate in cerebral infarction patients. PMID- 1244186 TI - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone. PMID- 1244187 TI - [Lack of beta-adrenergic stimulation of membrane bound adenyl cyclase in psoriasis as compared to normal epidermis (author's transl)]. AB - Glucagon and beta-adrenergic compounds such as 1-isoproterenol stimulated the low activity of an ATP-utilizing enzyme located on the cell membranes of normal keratinocytes. Addition of beta-antagonist propranolol to the incubation medium prevented the stimulatory effect of 1-isoproterenol. We considered, therefore, the reaction product being due to epidermal membrane-bound adenyl cyclase activity. In psoriatic epidermis the basal adenyl cyclase activity was low, similar to normal epidermis, however, glucagon and 1-isoproterenol failed to stimulate the enzyme activity in psoriasis under the same conditions. It seems, therefore, that the beta-adrenergic-cAMP cascade as a regulatory epidermal control mechanism of induced proliferation is ineffective in this disease. PMID- 1244188 TI - Symposium: Contraindications to tympanoplasty. I. Absolute and relative contraindications. AB - A brief history of the surgical technique of tympanoplasty is provided, emphasizing the underlying principles and goals as defined by Wullstein. Based on clinical and surgical experience, a list of absolute and relative contraindications to tympanoplasty surgery is presented according to the presence or absence of active pathology. PMID- 1244189 TI - Symposium: contraindications to tympanoplasty. III. Contraindications for tympanoplasty. AB - Absolute and relative, systemic and regional contraindications are discussed under the topics of systemic illness, mumps, age, wet ear, traumatic perforation, only ear, perfect contralateral ear, and benefit unlikely. PMID- 1244191 TI - Localization of implanted radioactive wires and computation of the dose distribution. AB - A method is described for the spatial localization of implanted curved radioactive wires. The input data are obtained from two orthogonal radiographs taken on a simulator. A specially constructed double light-box is used for the determination of corresponding points on the projections of the wire in the AP and lateral radiographs. The wires are localized as a series of straight segments and formulae are derived for the computation of the segment activity in order to calculate the dose distribution for uniformly and non-uniformly activated wires. All calculations can be included as additional subprograms in a dose computation program for straight linear sources. PMID- 1244190 TI - Spacing nomograph for interstitial implants of 125I seeds. AB - Permanent implants of 125I seeds at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center are performed by the method of "dimension averaging" to determine the total activity to be implanted; that is, the activity (in mCi) is taken to be five times the average dimension (in cm) of the target region. A nomograph has recently been developed to permit a rapid calculation of the seed spacing required for a uniform distribution of the number of seeds specified by dimension averaging. The number of seeds is also given by the nomograph. The spacing calculation performed with the nomograph, since it involves the two-thirds power of average dimension and the one-third power of seed strength, is well beyond the reach of mental arithmetic. Elongation and shape corrections are included. The nomograph spacing result is valid for an equipartition of measured volume among seeds but must be increased by an easily determined factor if peripheral seeds are considered to define the surface of the target region. PMID- 1244192 TI - The sharp dissector as an aid to better surgical procedures. AB - Various types of bone scrapers, skin scratchers and dissectors have been devised by practitioners. However, in modern operating rooms, a well sharpened general dissector is rarely seen. Experience in doing a wide range of surgical procedures indicated that well crafted dissectors with hollow-ground blades can improve the speed and accuracy of the surgeon as well as reduce the bleeding. The blades of these dissectors should be contra-angled and always kept sharp. To reduce expense, disposable round-ended blades, factory sharpened, could slide into the firmly gripping chucks of suitable handles. PMID- 1244193 TI - Electronic stethoscope with frequency shaping and infrasonic recording capabilities. AB - A small electronic stethoscope with variable frequency response characteristics has been developed for aerospace and research applications. The system includes a specially designed piezoelectric pickup and amplifier with an overall frequency response from 0.7 to 5,000 HZ (-3 dB points) and selective bass and treble boost or cut of up to 15 dB. A steep slope, high pass filter can be switched in for ordinary clinical auscultation without overload distortion from strong infrasonic signal inputs. A commercial stethoscope-type headset, selected for best overall response, is used which can adequately handle up to 100 mW of audio power delivered from the amplifier. The active components of the amplifier consist of only four opamp-type integrated circuits. PMID- 1244194 TI - [Steroid metabolism in primates. XVII. Isolation of 17alpha-hydroxy-pregnenolone from adrenal venous blood of the baboon (Papio hamdryas)]. AB - 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone (3beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-5-pregene-20-one) was isolated from adrenal venous blood of male healthy baboons and identified by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and infrared spectrometry. In 6 animals the concentration in adrenal venous blood (16--70 mug/100ml) and the secretion rate (2--5 mug/h/kg body weight) have been estimated. The results demonstrate the secretion of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone by the baboon adrenal. PMID- 1244195 TI - In vitro effects of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid on diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase in toad testis. AB - The enzyme diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase (DPND) was demonstrated histochemically in both the tubular and Leydig cells of the toad testis. Addition of 200 mug of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) to 100 mg of testicular slices in the incubating medium increased the activity of DPND, while a similar dose of ascorbic acid failed to do so. The evidence indicates that DHA is involved in the oxidation of reduced DPND in toad testis. PMID- 1244196 TI - Steroid metabolism in the gonads of a patient with testicular feminization. II. Metabolism of c19- and c18-steroids in vitro. AB - The metabolism of C19- and C18-steroids, in particular, the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone, the interconversion of androgens to estrogens and the 5alpha-reductase activity of a right abdominal (r) and a left inguinal (l) testis of a patient with testicular feminization, are reported. Aromatization and 5alpha-reductase activity were also evaluated in tissue from the left ductus diferens (ld). The following results were obtained: 1. aromatization of androstenedione to estrone 2.52% (r), 0.02% (l), 0.94% (ld); 2. aromatization of testosterone to estradiol 0.58% (r), 2.88% (l); 3. conversion of androstenedione to testosterone 95.65% (r), 98.07% (l); 4. conversion of testosterone to androstenedione 33.14% (r), 53.65% (l); 5. conversion of estrone to estradiol85.29% (r), 100% (l), 6. conversion of estradiol to estrone 33.12% (r), 32.33% (l); 7.5alpha-reduction of testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone 12.01% (r), 13.64% (l) and 4.10% (ld). A lack of 5alpha-reductase activity was not found in the tissues examined as stated in the literature. Estrogen production in these testes was demonstrated by the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol and is reflected in the difference of the estradiol concentration measured in spermatic and peripheral blood of the same patient (168 versus 33 pg/ml). PMID- 1244197 TI - On the evocability of a positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion in transsexual men and women. AB - In transsexual men with homosexual behaviour and intact testicular function, as well as in homosexual men with normal gender identity, following a negative oestrogen feedback effect a delayed positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion was evoked. By contrast, in transsexual men with hypo- or asexuality and intact testes or hypergonadotrophic hypo- or agonadism, as well as in heterosexual men with normal gender identity, a negative oestrogen feedback effect was not followed by a positive feedback action on LH release. In transsexual women with homosexual behaviour and oligo- and/or hypomenorrhoea, only a weak or at best moderate positive oestrogen feedback action on LH release was evocable, similarly as in castrated and oestrogen-primed heterosexual men. By contrast, in a transsexual woman with bisexual behaviour and eumenorrhoea, a strong positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion was evocable, as well as in heterosexual women with normal gender identity. PMID- 1244198 TI - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. III. The effects of postpubertal gonadectomy and gonadal hormone replacement on adrenal cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity and on steroids biosynthesis by rat adrenal homogenates. AB - In rats postpubertal orchiectomy results in an increase in the adrenal weight, testosterone replacement restores the adrenal weight to the normal level. Neither ovariectomy (8 weeks of duration) nor estradiol replacement has an effect on adrenal weight in female rats. Pregnenolone synthesis as well as corticosterone and blue tetrazolium-positive steroids secretion is significantly higher in homogenates of adrenals from female rats than from males. Orchiectomy results in a marked increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis, testosterone replacement restores the value to the normal levels. Neither ovariectomy nor estradiol replacement has an effect on pregnenolone synthesis in v i t r o. In both sexes gonadectomy causes a marked decrease in corticosterone output by adrenal homogenates, concomitantly the increase in the adrenal 5alpha-reductase activity is observed. The ratio of secreted corticosterone to pregnenolone is significantly lower in gonadectomized rats of both sexes than in control animals. Estradiol or testosterone replacement inhibits the adrenal 5alpha-reductase activity and restores the corticosterone output as well as corticosterone/pregnenolone ratio to the normal values. The above described findings show that the sex differences in steroids secretion by the rat adrenal are partially conditioned by a cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity. Testosterone inhibits this activity while estradiol under applied experimental conditions has no effect on the cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity. PMID- 1244199 TI - The vasopressin and oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis as influenced by reserpine treatment during long-term dehydration in the white rat. AB - In dehydrated rats both neurohypophysial hormones diminished in hypothalamus as well as in the neurohypophysis. Oxytocin disappearef from the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis at a more rapid rate than vasopressin did. The minimal content of vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus was observed during 3rd--4th day, but even in extreme dehydration it was found to be relatively high: 65 per cent of vasopressin and 27 per cent of oxytocin as compared with intact animals. At that time the neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin content were almost fully exhausted. In dehydrated and additionally reserpinized animals (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, then each 48 hr 5 mg/kg of initial body weight) the vasopressin and and oxytocin hypothalamus and neurohypophysis changed in a similar manner. In some experimental groups the decrease of neurohormones in both sites was more marked under reserpine treatment. The drug seems therefore rather to potentiate the effects of physiological stimulation of osmodetectors. So the existence of monoaminergic stimulatory synapses, directly involved in the neural pathway between the osmodetector and the neurosecretory cell, appears to be hardly probable. PMID- 1244200 TI - On electrolyte determinations in the pituitary and pineal gland: is there a diurnal rhythm? AB - At four different times during the day determinations of the electrolyte content of the anterior and posterior pituitary as well as of the pineal had been carried out by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy. There are significant differences in the sodium and potassium content between these organs. There are also distinct changes in the adenohypophysial Na+, K+ and Mg++ content between the light and the dark period. Values are low over the day and high during the night. In the light period there is also a significant higher sodium concentration in the neurohypophysis and a greater potassium concentration of the pineal tissue. Despite a similar phylogenetic development the neurohypophysis reveals a considerably less amount of univalent cations than the pineal gland. Data from the literature, however, let suggest that there are no greater differences in the water content of neurohypophysis and pineal. The possibly resulting "hypotonicity" of neurohypophysial tissue and its possible implications for the mode of the release of hormonal substances from the neurohypophysis are discussed. PMID- 1244201 TI - [The behavior of lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and free glycerol in serum of rats with experimental hyperthyroxinemia and hypothyreosis]. AB - In hyperthyroxinemic and hypothyreotic rats the lipoprotein level in serum was investigated using agarosegel-electrophoresis and changes in serum level of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol were determined. In hyperthyroxinemic animals the beta-lipoproteins were found in the same level as the control animals, while the prae-beta-fraction was significantly elevated and the alpha-lipoproteins lowered. The cholesterol was significantly reduced, the triglycerides and the glycerol significantly increased. The free fatty acids were slightly elevated. In hypothyreotic animals the beta-and prae-beta-fraction of lipoproteins was significantly elevated. The alpha-lipoproteins were found diminished. Cholesterol and triglyceride values were also significantly increased. The levels of free fatty acids and glycerol did not differ in both groups of animals. PMID- 1244203 TI - Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acids in infants with congenital heart disease. AB - The effect of congestive cardiac failure, hypoxia and hypoglycaemia on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were studied in selected groups of infants with congenital heart disease. Fasting blood glucose level was significantly decreased in patients with congestive heart failure and in cyanotic infants without congestive heart failure. In the former it seemed to be correlated with the degree of malnutrition, while in cyanotic infants it was independent of the nutritional state. Plasma insulin levels were reduced in infants, with congestive cardiac failure, although their glucose tolerance test and free fatty acid concentrations were normal. It is suggested that the decreased plasma insulin concentration was a consequence of adaptation to reduced requirements. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were not affected by hypoxia or hypoglycaemia. PMID- 1244202 TI - Effects of a single ethanol injection into the vas deferens on the testicular function of rats. AB - 1. A new approach to rapid male sterilization has been studied by giving a single injection of 95% ethanol directly into the vas deferens. It produced an effective block in the lumen. The mating exposure test showed that the males were sterile. The sperm granulomas at the site of vas injection were confirmed. 2. Ethanol injection in the vas deferens caused an atrophy of the testes. Extensive necrosis and exfoliation of the seminiferous elements were conspicuous. 3. Decrease in testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter and RNA and sialic acid levels after 4 weeks of vas injection were associated with the histological evidence for severe degeneration of spermatogenic elements. The protein contents of testis, epididymides and seminal vesicles did not change. 4. Testicular cholesterol, total lipids and alkaline phosphatase activity was increased. 5. Low sialic acid levels in the testis, epididymides and seminal vesicles of vas-injected rats indicated an inhibition of androgen production, which was further reflected in reduced nuclear diameters of leydig cells. PMID- 1244204 TI - Characteristic features of antilipolytic activity of serum in relation to obesity. AB - Antilipolytic activity (ALA) of serum of the obese and controls was tested on rat epididymal adipose tissue incubated in medium containing adrenaline; the results were compared with the effect of insulin. Serum of the obese displayed lower ALA than controls, in one third obese individuals serum potentiated the effect of adrenaline. After fasting, ALA of serum decreased. ALA value is related to the prevailing metabolic situation, an inverse relationship was observed between ALA and levels of NEFA and ketone bodies. This seems to suggest that antilipolytic effect of insulin, whose concentrations are higher in the obese, is antagonised. This effect does not apparently depend on the presence of insulin antibodies, which do not inhibit, but, on the contrary, potentiated antilipolytic effect of insulin in vitro. Investigation of fractions of native serum proteins showed the effect of fraction 10 000--50 000 MW. to differ in the obese and controls. That particular fraction of sera of the obese had an adipokinetic effect. PMID- 1244205 TI - Metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese diabetics and nondiabetics. AB - A weight loss of about 10 kg was acheived by means of individual periods of total fasting, hypocaloric diets and physical activity in three groups of patients: maturity-onset diabetics, patients with pathological OGTT and overweight persons with normal OGTT. Adipocyte volume decreased in all groups, glucose tolerance improved. IRI curves showed a significant overall lowering and FFA concentrations during OGTT were dimished. PMID- 1244206 TI - Short-term and long-term alterations in the uptake of [3H]uridine induced by frontal cortex lesions. PMID- 1244207 TI - Human-IgE-induced degranulation of mouse mast cells. AB - The relations between human IgE and mouse peritoneal mast cells were studied in vitro. Non-heated human IgE sensitizes the mouse mast cells for degranulation on challenge with anti-human IgE. This capacity is lost after heating of human IgE at 56 degrees C. The degranulation only occurs in determined quantitative IgE anti-IgE relationships, an excess of one or the other reagent inhibiting the reaction. Sensitization is practically instanteneous, and the degranulation is independent on the order of addition of the human IgE and anti-IgE. The human IgE can be removed from mouse peritoneal mast cells by a single washing. The results show that human IgE is unable to bind firmly to mouse peritoneal mast cells in vitro. It seems to induce the formation of biologically active human IgE-anti human IgE complexes, which act on mouse mast cells and induce their degranulation. PMID- 1244209 TI - Brain temperature in the unanaesthetized chicken: its circadian rhythm of responsiveness to light. AB - Temperatures were recorded continuously for up to 4 days in the brain of 8 unanaesthetized, moderately restrained male chickens, kept in light-dark cycles (LD) of 30:30 or 60:60 min duration. In all cases, brain temperature was higher in L than in D. Temperatures increased or decreased immediately after the light was turned on or off, respectively, but did not reach a new level until after about 30 min. Average values of temperature obtained during the last 10 min in L and D were used for further analysis. The changes of brain temperature due to changes in light intensity were super imposed to marked circadian oscillations. The computed differences between L- and D-values were found to be a function of the circadian phase. For 4 out of the 8 chickens a uniform circadian rhythm of responsiveness to light could be demonstrated, with two maxima coinciding with the ascending and descending circadian slope, respectively. In view of the evidence suggesting brain temperature as a reliable measure of the degree of arousal, it is concluded that light has a stronger arousing effect on the chicken in the morning and in the evening than in the middle of the day or the night. PMID- 1244208 TI - Evidence that C1s participates in the alternative complement pathway. AB - Purified C1s, subcomponent of C1, induced electrophoretic conversion of factor B and consumption of hemolytic C3 and C5 in sera genetically deficient in C2 or C4. Blocking of the hemolytic activity of C1s in C2-deficient serum by F(ab')2 anti C1s resulted in inhibition of the alternative pathway, as indicated by the failure of zymosan or cobra venom factor to induce comsumption of C3 and C6. Zymosan also failed to activate the alternative pathway when C1s was absorbed from C1r-deficient serum using a solid immunoabsorbent. These data, showing that C1s participates in the alternative pathway under certain experimental conditions, suggest the interesing possibility that C1s is important in the activation sequence of both the classical and the alternative pathway more generally. PMID- 1244211 TI - Electrical response of glioma cells to acetylcholine. AB - A bromodeoxyuridine resistant mutant of rat gliom line C6 grown in the presence of N6,02'-dibutyryl adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, although inexcitable by electrical current, responds to iontophoretic application of acetylcholine by slow hyperpolarization. The sensitivity to acetylcholine is strongly reduced by excessive amounts of acetylcholine. The hyperpolarization response is inhibited by atropine or alpha-bungarotoxin, but not by D-tubocurarine. In the absence of acetylcholine some cells display spontaneous hyperpolarizations at regular intervals. The membrane resting potential is decreased if the concentration of external K+ is raised. PMID- 1244210 TI - Spindle wave synchrony in the somatosensory cortex of the cat. AB - (1) Spontaneous barbiturate spindles were recorded from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. The recordings were concentrated to areas surrounding several reference loci. The recording sites producing the maximal response evoked by stimulation of an exposed nerve in a contralateral limb were used as reference loci. (2) Spindles recorded at various distances from the respective reference loci were cross-correlated to spindles developing simultaneously in the latter. High correlation coefficients, indicating a considerable degree of wave synchrony, were obtained between spindles in the reference locus and spindles recorded a few millimeters from this site. The correlation coefficients decreased with increasing interelectrode distance. A relatively sharp fall in the correlation coefficients was generally found 2-3 mm from the reference locus. Small amounts of sodium pentobarbital, given intravenously at intervals of 5 min, had no effect upon this pattern. (3) The change in the correlation coefficients was followed by a parallel change in the amplitude of the evoked potentials. The iso-correlation lines of spindle wave synchrony and the iso-amplitude lines of the evoked potentials had a similar distribution and extension for each particular reference locus. (4) Lateral spread of spindle waves in the cortex seems to be of minor importance, since a vertical lesion cutting the cortico cortical fibres did not reduce the wave synchrony of the spindles recorded from either side of the lesion. (5) The majority of the spindles recorded in the close vicinity of a reference locus started simultaneously within +/- 0.1 sec. This pattern changed with increasing distance from the reference locus and 5.6 mm away only a fraction of the spindles started simultaneously. However, within the entire primary somatosensory cortex a small but significant coupling existed between onset of the spindles. PMID- 1244212 TI - Transganglionic degeneration in the spinal trigeminal nucleus following removal of tooth pulps in adult cats. PMID- 1244213 TI - The effect of glutamate on beating pacemaker neurons isolated from the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. PMID- 1244214 TI - Receptive area of an infrared tectal unit. PMID- 1244215 TI - Exercise thermoregulation: hypothalamic perfusion of excess calcium reduces elevated colonic temperature of rats. PMID- 1244217 TI - Differential behavioral and biochemical effects of regional injection of cycloheximide into mouse brain. PMID- 1244216 TI - Catecholamines in the brains of genetically obese rats. PMID- 1244218 TI - Development of muscarinic cholinergic and GABA receptor binding in chick embryo brain. PMID- 1244219 TI - Brbiturate spindle activity in the association cortex of the cat and its relation to spindle activity in the somatosensory system. AB - (1) Spontaneous barbiturate spindle activity was recorded simultaneously from nucleus ventralis poster-lateralis (VPL) of the thalamus, from the corresponding projection site in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and from the lateral (LAT) and middle suprasylvian (SSM) gyri. (2) Barbiturate spindles occurred more frequently in LAT and SSM than in the somatosensory cortex. Spindles in LAT and SSM were of longer duration than SI spindles while the intraspindle frequency was higher in spindles from the latter areas. The amplitude of the spindle waves was significantly higher in LAT and SSM than in SI. The largest spindle waves were recorded from the anterior part of LAT and SSM. (3) Barbiturate spindles recorded at various interelectrode distances were cross-correlated. In LAT and SSM the cross-correlation coefficients remained high up to an interelectrode distance of 4-5 mm while spindles recorded at this distance in SI gave low coefficients when cross-correlated. (4) Extensive removal of the somatosensory cortex had no effect on spindle formation in LAT or SSM. Furthermore, cutting of the cortico-cortical connections between two recording sites in either of these gyri produced no reduction in spindle wave synchrony between the recording sites. (5) Spindles in the VPL-SI only rarely started simultaneously with spindles in LAT and SSM. Those few coincident spindles which occurred were cross-correlated. The cross correlation coefficients were invariably low suggesting that no wave synchrony existed between spindles in the VPL-SI system and those in the LAT and SSM. PMID- 1244220 TI - Sensory requirements for the lordosis reflex in female rats. AB - (1) Visual, auditory and olfactory input were not necessary for the performance of the lordosis reflex by female rats. Since taste is not involved in this behavior, somatosensory input must be sufficient for triggering the lordosis reflex. (2) Surgical cutaneous denervation markedly reduced the frequency and strength of lordosis. The most effective operation denervated the perineum, tailbase, posterior rump and ventral flanks. This pattern of results agrees with film observations and manual stimulation of lordosis. (3) Effects of surgical cutaneous denervation were confirmed in experiments with local anesthesia produced by subcutaneous procaine injections. (4) It is deduced that cutaneous mechanoreceptors in specific regions of hairy skin of the female rat play a crucial role in triggering the lordosis reflex. PMID- 1244221 TI - Single unit recording in hypothalamus and preoptic area of estrogen-treated and untreated ovariectomized female rats. AB - Single unit activity was recorded with micropipettes in the medial hypothalamus and preoptic area of urethane-anesthetized ovariectomized female rats. Some females had received long-term estradiol treatment, while others had been left untreated. In the medial preoptic region and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, estrogen-treated rats had fewer cells (compared to untreated rats) with recordable spontaneous activity, due primarily to a loss of cells with very slow firing rates. In the basomedial hypothalamus, estrogen-treated rats had more cells (than untreated rats) with recordable spontaneous activity, due primarily to an increase in the number of cells with slow firing rates. Responsiveness of neurons to somatosensory stimulation was generally low. If present it was depressed by estrogen treatment in medial preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis, while it tended to be elevated by estrogen treatment in medial anterior hypothalamus and basomedial hypothalamus. Differences in the effects of long-term systemic estrogen treatment on medial preoptic neurons compared to basomedial hypothalamus are paralledled by differences in the control of lordosis by these neurons in female rats. PMID- 1244222 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis following ovariectomy and hypophysectomy in the rat. AB - Based on quantitative evaluations it was observed that 4 and 14 days after ovariectomy, as well as 2 months after hypophysectomy, the larger granulated vesicles (70-110 nm in diameter) in the nerve terminals of the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) almost disappeared. The findings are consistent with the view that the OVLT may play a role in the control of pituitary gonadotrophic function. PMID- 1244223 TI - Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity in man. AB - Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was comparable in eight adrenalectomized patients and in 41 normal volunteers (37.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 40.0 +/- 4.0 IU), but were very low in four patients with severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy (6.7 +/- 4.2). These observations suggest that the major source of DBH activity in human serum is probably the sympathetic nervous system. Serum DBH activity was also significantly lower in seven patients with low renin essential hypertension than in 17 patients with normal renin hypertension (19.9 +/- 4.3 vs. 43.9 +/- 5.0 IU, P less than 0.05). Dietary sodium depletion, a stimulus for catecholamine secretion, produced only a small increase in serum DBH activity in supine normal volunteers (26.5 +/- 10.4 to 33.9 +/- 11.4, P less than 0.05; n = 7) and in five adrenalectomized patients (33.0 +/- 12.7 to 44.1 +/- 15.2, P = 0.06). Plasma renin activity increased more than 3-fold in these same subjects, and did not correlate with serum DBH activity. Similarly, 4 hours of ambulation produced only a small increase in serum DBH activity which did not correlate with plasma renin activity. The small magnitude of these responses to physiological stimuli of the sympathetic nervous system diminishes the potential clinical usefulness of measurement of serum DBH activity. Further studies utilizing direct correlation of plasma and urine catecholamines with serum DBH activity are needed to establish its relationship to sympathetic nervous system activity. PMID- 1244224 TI - The response of atrial stretch receptors to increases in heart rate in dogs. AB - The discharge characteristics of type B left atrial receptors were analyzed during alterations in heart rate. Recordings were made from single-fiber preparations of the left cervical vagus of pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. The heart was paced following a sinoatrial crush at frequencies ranging from 60 to 240 beats/min. Left atrial transmural pressure was varied at each heart rate by the intravenous infusion of warm isotonic NaCl. As heart rate was increased there was a progressive decrease in the level of peak "v" wave left atrial pressure. Concomitantly with the decrease in left atrial pressure, the number of spikes per cardiac cycle decreased as did the maximal instantaneous frequency of discharge. A significant positive relationship could be demonstrated with either the discharge per minute [(spikes per cycle) X heart rate] or discharge per cycle vs. the peak "v" wave of the left atrial pressure, regardless of heart rate. The number of impulses that entered the central nervous system per unit of time remained relatively constant at heart rates between 90 and 240/min. It is concluded from these data that the reflex effects which have been attributed in the past to atrial stretch receptor stimulation during clinical episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmias may be better correlated with some aspect of receptor discharge other than frequency or the number of discharges per cycle. PMID- 1244225 TI - Renal cortical blood flow in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat. AB - Renal hemodynamics and renal function were evaluated in rats at 3, 24, and 48 hours and at 7 days after the induction of acute renal failure (ARF) by glycerol injection. Three hours after induction of ARF, creatinine clearance was 0.04 ml/min/100 g; renal blood flow (RBF), 1.99 ml/min/100 g; and filtration fraction, 3.7%. All were abnormally low. Although the administration of isotonic saline (total dose, 3% of body weight) to rats 3 hours after glycerol injection significantly improved creatinine clearance (0.17 ml/min/100 g), RBF (2.54 ml/min/100 g), and filtration fraction (12.9%), these values still were significantly lower than those of controls (creatinine clearance = 0.50 ml. ml/min/100 g, RBF = 4.92 ml/min/100 g, filtration fraction = 20.0%, all P values less than 0.001). Serum creatinine concentrations were significantly elevated at 24 hours (3.72% gm/100 ml), 48 hours (4.69 mg/100 ml), and 7 days (0.66 mg/100 ml) after glycerol injection compared to control (0.46 mg/100 ml, all P less than 0.01). RBF during these phases was not different from normal (4.41 ml/min/100 g). RBF 3 hours after bilateral ureteral obstruction was measured to determine the effects of tubular obstruction on renal hemodynamics. The RBF of rats with ureteral obstruction (4.12 ml/min/100 g) was not significantly different from controls (4.41 ml/min/100 g), suggesting that tubular obstruction in this model of ARF is probably not the cause of decreased RBF. The depressed glomerular filtration, as reflected by the decreased creatinine clearance that occurs during glycerol-induced ARF, is probably related to altered intrarenal vascular resistance or to changes in glomerular capillary permeability, or both. PMID- 1244227 TI - Atrial rhythm during ventricular fibrillation in the dog. AB - Depolarization of the atrioventricular junctional tissues and of the atrial septum was examined in the perfused dog heart before and during ventricular fibrillation by (1) recording the potentials from the junctional tissues in the regions of the interatrial and interventricular septum and examining the relationship of activity at these sites to atrial depolarization, (2) computing histograms and autocorrelograms of atrial firing intervals to study atrial rhythmicity, and (3) plotting the sequence of atrial septal depolarization. The junctional tissue was generally randomly depolarized by the fibrillating ventricles. The histograms and autocorrelograms indicate that during ventricular fibrillation the atrial depolarization intervals do not remain constant, but vary widely. This seems to be due to the retrograde excitation from the junctional tissues. Plots of the depolarization sequences of the interatrial septum also indicate that retrograde depolarization takes place. The junctional tissues decrease the number of impulses that can pass from ventricle to atrium, and they similarly decrease the number of impulses that pass in an antegrade direction during atrial fibrillation. PMID- 1244226 TI - Renal blood flow and its response to angiotensin II. An interaction between oral contraceptive agents, sodium intake, and the renin-angiotensin system in healthy young women. AB - A variety of estrogen- and progestin-containing oral contraceptive agents reduced renal blood flow (RBF) significantly in 23 healthy, nonhypertensive young women, to a mean of 75 +/- 3.3% of the value expected for their age and dietary sodium intake (P less than 0.001). There was also significant activation of the renin angiotensin system: renin substrate was increased approximately 3-fold in association with a striking increase in the circulating renin activity and angiotensin II levels in relation to sodium intake and excretion. Two observations suggest that the RBF reduction was directly mediated by angiotensin II. A correlation was demonstrable between circulating angiotensin II and RBF (P less than 0.01), and renal vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II infused into the renal artery was reduced significantly (P less than 0.001). Moreover, the oral contraceptive agents modified the basic relationship between sodium balance and vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II, suggesting that the agents acted through some mechanism other than alteration in the state of sodium balance. These observations provide further evidence for an important role of angiotensin II as a determinant of RBF. Renal vasoconstriction may contribute to the genesis of a number of complications, such as sodium retention and hypertension, associated with oral contraceptive use. PMID- 1244228 TI - Transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow during systole in the awake dog. AB - This study was designed to quantitate transmural myocardial blood flow when coronary arterial inflow was limited to systole and during the subsequent reactive hyperemic response. Studies were performed in 10 awake dogs chronically prepared with electromagnetic flowmeters and pneumatic occluders on the left circumflex coronary artery. Intermittent coronary perfusion, confined to the interval of left ventricular systole or an equivalent period during diastole, was effected by an R wave-triggered solenoid valve connected to the occluder. To measure regional myocardial blood flow we injected radionuclide-labeled microspheres, 7-10 mum in diameter, into the left atrium. When arterial inflow was limited to systole, flow was normal in the subepicardial layers and was decreased as a linear function of tissue depth in the subendocardial layers. When coronary arterial inflow was limited to an equivalent interval in diastole, the transmural distribution of flow was uniform. When coronary flow was confirmed to systole for more than 20 seconds, the blood flow debt incurred elicited a reactive hyperemia similar to that following a total occlusion of equivalent blood flow debt. However, regional myocardial blood flow during the peak of reactive hyperemia following systolic perfusion was preferentially directed to the subendocardium, where underperfusion was most marked, whereas reactive hyperemia flow following a total occlusion of equivalent blood flow debt was distributed more evenly across the left ventricular wall. Thus, when coronary inflow was limited to systole, ventricular contraction produced a transmural gradient in myocardial blood flow resulting in subendocardial underperfusion. PMID- 1244229 TI - Sudden deaths of babies. PMID- 1244230 TI - Normal myocardial contractile state in the presence of quinidine. AB - Since quinidine is one of the few agents available to treat and prevent ventricular arrhythmias in ambulatory patients, its hemodynamic effects have been reevaluated. When given in therapeutic doses to anesthetized mongrel dogs, quinidine significantly reduced heart rate, aortic pressure and flow, but it did not significantly change the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure curve (left ventricular dp/dt) in nine dogs. A subsequent group of dogs was studied after vagotomy and practolol administration to block cardiac reflexes. This group showed significant reductions in heart rate, aortic pressure and left ventricular dp/dt, with the latter returning to predrug control values when preload, afterload and heart rate were maintained constant. These studies suggest that quinidine does not directly affect myocardial contractility when given in therapeutic doses. Furthermore, the reduction in heart rate in these animals provides support for a direct depressant effect of quinidine on the sinus node. The adverse effects of quinidine on cardiac function previously reported may be due to the use of toxic doses or are secondary to quinidine peripheral circulatory effects, rather than due to a direct reduction in cardiac contractile state. PMID- 1244231 TI - Complication rate of coronary arteriography. A review of 5250 cases studied by a percutaneous femoral technique. AB - Distressing rates of embolic complications from coronary arteriography performed by the percutaneous femoral approach have been reported since 1972. From 1970 1974, 5250 patients underwent coronary arteriography in our laboratory by the same percutaneous femoral technique with preformed polyethylene catheters and no systemic heparinization. Data were recorded during and for 24 hours postcatheterization. The annual mortality rate averaged 0.23% and remained relatively stable. Our incidence of embolic complications was very low. In patients with normal coronary arteries, no fatal or serious nonfatal complications occurred. Left main coronary artery disease was present in all cases of mortality and greater than or equal to 60% stenosis was shown in nine of 12 instances. Thus major risk was proportional to the severity of disease in the left coronary system. The use of more aggressive supportive measures in these high-risk cases appears essential to reduce the total complication rate from coronary arteriography significantly. PMID- 1244233 TI - Clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic findings in patients with anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. AB - Clinical and angiographic features of 31 patients with anomalous coronpary artery origin are reviewed. Of 17 aberrant circumflex arteries from the right sinus of Valsalva or artery, each was retro-aortic, six atherosclerotic, and seven irrigated a small area of myocardium. Of seven anomalous right coronary arteries from the left sinus of Valsalva or artery, each was ante-aortic and two atherosclerotic. Aberrant origin of the circumflex or right coronary artery was a benign anomaly. The proximal course of seven aberrant left coronary arteries from the right sinus of Valsalva or right coronary artery was related to clinical events. The anomaly was best demonstrated in the lateral view. In five cases, coronary blood flow during exercise and myocardial metabolism during pacing were assessed. Two had had a previous infarction with nonatherosclerotic arteries. Exercise coronary blood flow was normal in four and low in one patient. Pacing resulted in lactate production in two with atherosclerotic and one without atherosclerotic arteries. We conclude that anomalous left coronpary origin from the right sinus of Valsalva can result in significant myocardial ischemia and infarction. PMID- 1244232 TI - Evaluation of potassium-43 scintillation images during early myocardial ischemia in an animal model. AB - To assess the validity of myocardial imaging with potassium-43 (43K) early after the onset of ischemia, the left anterior descending artery was occluded with a baloon tip catheter in 32 intact anesthetized dogs. 99mTechnetium ventriculograms localized the left ventricle. 43K was administered intravenously and serial images were obtained in four views using an Anger camera with a pinhole collimator. The heart was arrested after 60 minutes and removed for imaging and tissue counts to ascertain extracardiac and geometric factors. In normals (group 1) left ventricular images were relatively homogeneous, except for the thin walled apex, both in vivo and in the isolated heart. Equilibration with 43K prior to ischemia (group 2) gave similar images to group 1, associated with a small reduction in tissue count after one hour of ischemia. Group 3 was infused with 43K after initiation of ischemia. Despite a reduction of 43K counts in the ischemic area to less than one-fourth of the nonischemic site (P less than 0.001), demonstration of a "cold area" in vivo was inconstant, occurring in only 34% of studies. Lead shielding did not improve accuracy. In the isolated heart the ability to detect the cold area was improved to 73%. However, when the left ventricle was incised and spread flat, so that low and high activity areas were contiguous rather than superimposed, a widespread area of ischemia was present without exception in the anterior wall. Use of a rectilinear scanner in seven animals failed to improve diagnostic yield; areas of reduced radioactivity were seen at the apex in normals by both techniques. Thus, while detection of low flow areas in the isolated heart is feasible by isotopic imaging early after the onset of ischemia, both extracardiac and geometric factors can contribute to qualitative and quantitative errors in vivo. PMID- 1244234 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation using afterload stress. AB - Left ventricular function was assessed in 14 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation by afterload elevation with angiotensin. Seven of 14 patients maintained their resting ejection fraction with angiotensin (group A), while the remaining seven experienced a decline of greater than 0.10 in ejection fraction (group B). Six of seven group A patients showed an appropriate rise in left ventricular stroke work index in response to the angiotensin-induced rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In contrast, six of seven group B patients showed abnormal, flat, or declining stroke work indices. Included in the seven group B patients were two patients with left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease. The five other group B patients, who did not have coronary diseases, exhibited similar stress-induced ventricular dysfunction, despite the absence of any significant resting hemodynamic differences from patients in group A. These five stress-induced dysfunction patients were distinctive from patients who maintained their ejection fraction level in that the former all had regurgitant fractions of greater than 0.50, whereasl all gruop A patients had regurgitant fractions of less than 0.50. Similarly, these five stress-induced dysfunction patients had significantly larger left ventricular end diastolic volumes than did the group A patients. These data suggest that patients with pronounced aortic regurgitation measured in terms of regurgitant fraction greater than 0.50 and left ventricular end-diastolic volume of greater than 160 cm3/m2 exhibit impaired ventricular function if appropriately stressed. As most of the patients with stress-induced dysfunction had a normal ejection fraction at rest, it may be that stress-induced dysfunction represents a stage before overt resting dysfunction and cardiac failure. PMID- 1244235 TI - The displacement cardiograph. A noninvasive technique for recording myocardial wall motion. AB - The displacement cardiograph (DCG) is a noninvasive device employing an electromagnetic field to record tissue motion within the body. The sensing coil need not be in contact with the patient since the field penetrates air and stationary tissue without significant distortion. Disturbances in the field with result from ventricular wall motion are electronically converted to an analog output and a pattern inscribed on the paper of a physiological recorder. In an attempt to determine the reliability of the DCG in detecting regional areas of abnormal left ventricular wall motion, displacement cardiograms were obtained from 70 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization and left ventriculography. The DCG interpretations were in agreement with the ventriculographic picture of left ventricular wall motion in 67 of the 70 patients. There were two false positive and one false negative DCG diagnoses. The results indicate that the DCG can be employed as a reliable noninvasive method for repetitive assessment of the pattern of contraction of the anterior, anterolateral and posterior left ventricular wall. PMID- 1244236 TI - Morphological development of the pulmonary vascular bed in fetal lambs. AB - The morphological development that accompanies increasing pulmonary blood flow and decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance with advancing gestational age has not been delineated. To study this point we developed a method of comparing pulmonary arterial vessels of the same generations in fetal lambs. Pulmonary arteries were perfused with glutaraldehyde solution at pressures appropriate for gestational age and then injected with an India ink-gelatin-Micropaque mixture. Using the dissecting microscope and serially prepared sections we studied successively smaller generations of arteries. We assessed the medial width/external diameter ratio in a total of 825 vessels from six fetal lambs of 85 to 140 days gestation. In fifth generation, or resistance vessels, this ratio remained constant over the gestational period studied (N = 529, Y = 0.16, slope = 0.0003). We measured the volume of 17-34 randomly selected sections from each of the six fetuses, counted the total number of fifth and sixth generation vessels in these sections, and calculated the total number of these vessels per right lung. This number increased from 0.10 X 10(6) to 4.08 X 10(6) with increasing gestational age. The number of vessels per unit volume increased from 7.2 X 10(3)/ml to 61.8 X 10(3)/ml or right lung over this gestational period. The results indicate that increased pulmonary blood flow and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance with advancing gestation are due to an increase in the total number of vessels and increased vasomotor reactivity is related to an increase in the total amount of smooth muscle while the thickness of muscle in individual vessels remains constant. PMID- 1244237 TI - Coronary risk factors in a community. Findings in Tecumseh, Michigan. AB - In the Tecumseh study population examined from 1967 through 1969, 1457 men and 1607 women were separated into young (20-39 years), middle (40-54 years), and old (past 55 years) age categories. A subset of the study population, 183 men and 200 women who were repeatedly hyperglycemic according to a modified glucose tolerance test, were divided into the same age groups. Means and standard deviations of adiposity index, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure were calculated for the total population and hyperglycemics. Correlation coefficients were determined for the relationship between adiposity index and each of the other variables and between paired variables exclusive adiposity index. Correlation coefficients for the latter relationships were recalculated after adjustment for the effect of adiposity. Means of variables were higher in middle and older age categories than in young age categories in both sexes, but the greatest incremental increases occurred between the young and middle-aged groups of men and between middle and old age groups among women. Men had significantly higher mean triglyceride and systolic blood pressure values than women in young and middle ages. Except for the cholesterol-triglyceride association, lipids, glucose, and systolic blood pressure were more highly correlated with adiposity than with each other. Correlations between variables were reduced by adjustment for adiposity. Hyperglycemics had higher mean adiposity indexes, serum lipids, and systolic blood pressures and generally higher correlations of variables than the entire study population. Much of the interrelationship of variables among hyperglycemics was associated with adiposity. Among men, higher mean triglyceride and systolic blood pressure levels, more frequent coexistence of risk factors, and a tendency to have large incremental increases in mean variables between young and middle age probably contribute to greater male susceptibility to ischemic heart disease. Levels of variables in the population and aggregation of coronary precursors in individuals are related to adiposity and hyperglycemia. PMID- 1244239 TI - Complete interruption of the aortic arch. 2. Characteristic angiographic features with emphasis on collateral circulation to the descending aorta. AB - The angiocardiograms of 17 patients with aortic arch interruption are reviewed to emphasize the variations in arch interruption and origin of the brachiocephalic vessels, and collateral circulation to the descending aorta. Depending on the anatomical type and subtype of arch interruption, collateral flow to the descending aorta in the presence of a stenotic or closed ductus will be dependent on the development of intercostal collaterals and/or the presence of retrograde flow in all brachiocephalic vessels arising from the descending aorta. Familiarity with the potential pathways for collateral circulation may permit differentiation into types and subtypes on chest radiograph. Patients with Type I interruption may have bilateral rib notching if the right subclavian artery originates normally from the innominate artery, but will have rib notching confined to the left side if the origin of the right subclavian artery is aberrant. Type II or Type III interruption patients will have rib notching confined to the right side if the right subclavian has a normal origin, but no rib notching if the origin of the right subclavian artery is aberrant. PMID- 1244238 TI - Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum in transposition of the great arteries. AB - In patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), both the D- and L- forms, an aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum (AMS) produces subpulmonic stenosis due to the higher right ventricular pressure which forces the aneurysm to protrude into the left ventricular, i.e., subpulmonic, outflow tract. The clinical signs and symptoms, hemodynamic findings as well as surgical results were analyzed in eight patients with TGA and AMS. The presence of an AMS should be suspected from hemodynamic data consisting of a combination of elevated left ventricular pressure, gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract and presence of a small ventricular septal defect with or without pulmonary artery hypertension. The AMS can be demonstrated by a right ventricular injection in the lateral view. The anomaly needs to be corrected at the time of the Mustard procedure. If uncorrected it may lead to postoperative death or progressive obstruction. In the presence of an aneurysm even small ventricular septal defects should be closed by a patch and the aneurysm should be excised. PMID- 1244242 TI - Left ventricular diverticulum and mitral incompetence in asymptomatic children. AB - Two children with congenital apical left ventricular diverticulum and significant mitral incompetence are reported. The angiographic and anatomic findings of the few previously reported patients with congenital diverticula and aneurysm were analyzed and a new classification differentiating between the two is proposed. The clinical data analyzed in apical diverticula and aneurysm are similar to those patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Left ventriculography is the best diagnostic tool. The place of surgery in the treatment of the congenital apical diverticula with or without mitral incompetence in asymptomatic children is not clear. Further observations are needed to reveal its natural history. PMID- 1244240 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of aorta complicating aortic valvular stenosis. AB - Six cases of classical dissecting aneurysm of the aorta complicating aortic valvular disease in which aortic stenosis was dominant are described. In three of the cases the aortic complication occurred after the natural aortic valve had been replaced by a prosthetic valve. The longest postoperative period was four months. The factor common to all reported cases in our series was cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. The authors agree with the concept of McKusick and associates that aortic dissecting aneurysm complicating aortic valvular disease is an association other than chance and is related to cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. The latter, in turn, is a consequence of the altered hemodynamics of aortic valvular disease, particularly stenosis. PMID- 1244241 TI - Ventricular paired pacing to control rapid ventricular heart rate following open heart surgery. Observations on ectopic automaticity. Report of a case in a four month-old patient. AB - An unusual case is presented in which an atrioventricular (A-V) junctional tachycardia at a rate of 285 beats/min developed in the immediate postoperative period following surgical repair (a Mustard procedure) of transposition of the great vessels in a four-month-old infant. With that heart rate the systolic blood pressure bacame 35-40 mm Hg and urinary output ceased. Ventricular paired pacing was employed successfully to halve the mechanically effective ventricular rate. This resulted in a clinically effective blood pressure and return of normal urinary output. The clinical course of the A-V junctional tachycardia, plus its response to several interventions, suggested that the mechanism of the A-V junctional tachycardia was automatic rather than re-entrant. The study demonstrates that ventricular paired pacing for the control of cardiac arrhythmias is a useful clinical technique in selected cases. PMID- 1244244 TI - An unusual form of the transposition complex. Uncorrected levo-transposition with horizontal ventricular septum: Report of two cases. AB - A distinctive angiographic appearance is described in two patients who had uncorrected levo-transposition of the great vessels. Although levo-transposition with inversion of the ventricles usually results in physiologically corrected transposition, in these patients the anatomy was arranged in such a way as to result in an uncorrected transposition. The following elements were responsible for this physiological condition: normal atrial situs, inverted ventricles with "criss-cross" atrioventricular flow, levo-transposed great arteries. In addition, the morphological right ventricle was hypoplastic, left sided and superior to the left ventricle and the ventricular septum was horizontal in position. The two ventricles were connected via a large ventricular septal defect. The importance of accurate, detailed, preoperative angiographic demonstration of the anatomic situation is stressed. PMID- 1244243 TI - Successful resuscitation of two near simultaneous cases of cardiac arrest with a review of fifteen cases occurring during supervised exercise. AB - Two men with coronary heart disease experienced cardiac arrests during a recent exercise rehabilitation session. Fifteen cases of ventricular fibrillation have occurred in this program since 1968, making an average of one per six-thousand man hours of supervised exercise training. All were successfully resuscitated with no sequelae. Analysis of the patients who experience ventricular fibrillation suggests that treating patients with exercise-induced premature ventricular contractions with anti-arrhythmic drugs, proper attention to serum potassium levels, strict adherence to training pulse rates, and proper warm-up might help to prevent future similar events in an exercise program. Due to the unpredictability of ventricular fibrillation it seems preferable that individuals who have known coronary heart disease participate in exercise training under proper supervision with appropriate emergency equipment available. PMID- 1244245 TI - Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction produced by redundant mitral valve tissue in a neonate. Clinical, angiographic, and operative findings. AB - An unusual case of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with severe left ventricular failure in a neonate is reported. The physical and laboratory data were consistent with the diagnosis of infantile valvular aortic stenosis. At operation, however, redundant gelatinous pedunculated tissue attached to the mitral valve annulus appeared to move through and obstruct the aortic valve during systole. The aortic valve showed only minimal thickening of the right and left coronary cusps. A distinct angiographic pattern was demonstrated during left ventricular cineangiography. In the frontal projection a large ovoid filling defect appeared to protrude through the aortic valve during systole and return to a subvalvular location during diastole. Recognition of this angiographic pattern should facilitate diagnosis and subsequent repair. Complete correction is possible by operative excision of the obstructing tissue without damaging the mitral valve. In contrast to isolated congenital infantile valvular aortic stenosis, a condition in which the valve leaflets are often primitive and deformed, aortic valvotomy and/or subsequent valve replacement are not necessary, resulting in a better long-term prognosis. PMID- 1244246 TI - Letter: LCA ligation effectiveness questioned. PMID- 1244248 TI - Letter: Pacing the WPW patient. PMID- 1244247 TI - Letter: Echocardiographic vs anatomical "discontinuity". PMID- 1244250 TI - Letter: Bjork-Shiley prosthesis recall. PMID- 1244249 TI - Letter: The action of propranolol in man and animals. PMID- 1244251 TI - Sinus node function in children. Factors influencing its evaluation. AB - Overdrive atrial stimulation was performed in 20 electrophysiologically normal children at the time of routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization, for the determination of the sinus node recovery time (SNRT). Measurements were made at pacing rates of 120, 150, 180, and 200 beats/min. The absolute recovery times demonstrated wide range of values (420-1280 msec). Expressed as a percent of the resting P-P interval, values at pacing rates of 120 and 150 beats/min were 109 166%, with significantly less overdrive suppression (P less than 0.001) occurring at the two faster pacing rates. Atropine diminished the maximum SNRT in all patients tested. This study reports normal values for the SNRT in children. Factors which influence the SNRT are the resting heart rate, the rate of overdrive, and the autonomic tone. In children, the sinus node recovery time should be expressed in terms of the resting sinus interval. PMID- 1244252 TI - Histopathology of the conduction system in the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The cause of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS, crib death, or cot death) is unknown. Current hypotheses include lability of heart rate and/or rhythm as a pathogenetic factor. The conduction system of 50 infants coming to autopsy were examined by serial sections; the infants were from newborn to two years of age. Twenty-six were SIDS deaths and 24 were explained deaths (ED). The frequency of histologic abnormalities of the specialized tissue was almost identical in both groups of infants. Hemorrhage in or around different parts of the conduction system was present in 27% SIDS and 29% ED. There was no evidence of cell death or degeneration of conduction fibers, nor obstructive lesions of the atrioventricular (A-V) arteries. Apparent moulding of A-V node and His bundle was a universal finding in both SIDS and ED, and consisted of irregular interdigitation of A-V node and His bundle fibers with the myxoid central fibrous body (CFB). Isolated bundles of conduction fibers residing in CFB and membranous ventricular septum were seen in two SIDS, but no direct contact between these fibers and the working myocardium could be identified in serial sections in either case. Without corroborating antemortem electrophysiologic data, the functional significance of morphologic findings in the conduction system of SIDS must remain conjectural. PMID- 1244253 TI - Effects of the pacing site on A-H conduction and refractoriness in patients with short P-R intervals. AB - His bundle recordings were studied in four patients with short P-R and A-H intervals, and narrow QRS complexes, who had experienced several episodes of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The heart was paced from the high right atrium (HRA) and the coronary sinus (CS). In three patients the A-H Wenckebach phenomenon occurred at higher rates (greater than 200 pacing beats/min) when the CS was paced than when pacing was performed from the HRA. Moreover, CS stimulation produced smaller increments in the A-H interval than did pacing from HRA. The extrastimulus method of testing was done. In cases 1 and 2 the functional refractory period of the A-H tissues was 15 to 25 msec shorter during CS pacing than when pacing from the HRA. In case 3, the low right atrium (LRA) as well as the other two sites were paced. A type 1 gap was seen from HRA, a type 2 gap from CS, and both types appeared when the LRA was paced. Case 4, in which the mid-right atrium (MRA) was also stimulated, had a double pathway from HRA and CS with conduction through the accessory pathway late in the cycle and through the A V node earlier in the cycle. However, the A-V node could not be penetrated during MRA stimulation. It appeared that the pacing site influenced the A-H conduction pattern and refractoriness, possibly by changing the site and/or mode of entry of the stimulus into the pathways that are responsible for this syndrome. PMID- 1244254 TI - Prolonged His-Q interval in chronic bifascicular block. Relation to impending complete heart block. AB - Although prolonged infra-His conduction time in bifascicular block is suspected of denoting trifascicular disease, adquate documentation is lacking concerning the correlation between lengthened His-Q interval (H-Q) and the risk of development of complete heart block (CHB). H-Q in conducted sinus beats in patients with bifascicular block associated with Mobitz II or intermittent CHB represents the approximation of maximal H-Q prolongation prior to onset of trifascicular block. To assess this relationship between prolongation of H-Q and trifascicular block, His bundle electrocardiography (HBE) was performed in 50 patients with chronic bifascicular block exhibiting Mobitz II block or transient CHB. Mobitz II or episodic CHB was shown in all patients: within two days prior to HBE in 45/50 patients; in 39/50 patients during HBE; and following HBE in five patients. In 49/50 patients H-Q was prolonged (greater than 55 msec) and in 47 this interval was substantially lengthened (65 msec or greater). Since marked H-Q prolongation in conducted sinus beats was documented in nearly all patients with bifascicular block associated with intermittent complete trifascicular block, we conclude that a considerably lengthened H-Q interval in bifascicular block is not only a usual prerequisite but strong evidence, for impending complete heart block. PMID- 1244255 TI - Subendocardial origin of ventricular arrhythmias in 24-hour-old experimental myocardial infarction. AB - In 12 anesthetized open-chest dogs, ventricular epicardial activation maps were constructed and electrograms were recorded from the bundle of His, left bundle branch, and subendocardial Purkinje fibers 24 hours following Harris 2-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. All animals developed ectopic ventricular depolarizations and/or ventricular tachycardia. The earliest area of epicardial activation was located along the border of the infarct in the left ventricle in all animals. Bipolar recording from various levels of the conduction system and ventricular myocardium revealed that the earliest recorded electrical activity originated in subendocardial Purkinje fibers which had survived the acute myocardial infarction. The origin of these arrhythmias was further studied by pacing through the electrode which had recorded the early Purkinje activity and comparing the surface ECG and activation sequence with that of the spontaneous rhythm. These data tend to support the hypothesis that ventricular arrhythmias occurring 24-72 hours following acute myocardial infarction have their origin in the subendocardial Purkinje network which has survived the infarction. PMID- 1244256 TI - Visualization of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve by two-dimensional and standard echocardiography. AB - Seven patients with Ebstein's anomaly were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography, with and without stop-action technique, and by standard echocardiography. Sagittal two-dimensional echocardiograms visualized a small functional right ventricle and a large atrialized right ventricle. These two parts of the chamber were separated by the anterior tricuspid leaflet and its chordae tendineae. The echocardiograms corresponded to the findings of the right ventriculogram. In horizontal two-dimensional echocardiograms a huge anterior tricuspid leaflet, atrialized right ventricle, and a displaced septal tricuspid leaflet, intervening between the functional right ventricle and the sinus portion of the functional right ventricle, were visualized. The origin of the septal tricuspid leaflet was clearly shown to be abnormal in five cases. The left ventricle was small with distinct clockwise rotation of the interventricular septum. Two-dimensional echocardiography provided information useful in evaluation of the functions of the right ventricle and the tricuspid valve and determination of what surgical procedure to follow. PMID- 1244258 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of bicuspid aortic valves. Angiographic and pathological correlates. AB - Aortic root echocardiograms were recorded from 89 patients whose aortic valves had also been adequately defined by selective angiography or viewed surgically or at autopsy. The eccentricity index (E.I.) of the aortic leaflets was measured at the onset of diastole and an E.I. of 1.3 or greater was taken as abnormal. Of 31 patients with isolated nonobstruced or mildly obstructed bicuspid aortic valves (7 viewed previously at valvotomy and 24 diagnosed radiologically) 23 (74%) had an abnormal E.I. Varying eccentricity occurred in some of these patients. Central leaflet echoes (E.I. of 1.0 to 1.25) were present in the other eight patients. All 14 patients with nonobstructed tricuspid aortic valves had central echoes. Additional multilayered diastolic echoes were found in patients with bicuspid aortic valves as well as in two patients with abnormal tricuspid aortic valves. The valves of 13 patients with aortic stenosis or incompetence were viewed surgically and the E.I. was abnormal in all patients with a bicuspid aortic valve in this group. Aortic leaflet echo findings were not diagnostically helpful in ten patients with tetralogy of Fallot, one of whom had a normal E.I. with a surgically confirmed bicuspid aortic valve. Of 21 patients with VSD only one had a bicuspid aortic valve but six had an abnormal E.I. This false positive sign was related to a high membranous VSD, sometimes with aortic valve prolapse. It is concluded that an E.I. of greater than or equal to 1.3 in the absence of an associated VSD is diagnostic of a bicuspid aortic valve and can be expected to be found in approximately three-quarters of subjects with this abnormality. PMID- 1244257 TI - Echocardiographic spectrum of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. AB - Sixteen patients aged between one day to 18 years with Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve were studied with ultrasound. The findings were compared with a group of 74 patients without Ebstein's malformation. Two features were considered specific for Ebstein's malformation: 1) ability to record the anterior tricuspid leaflet (ATL) farther to the left of the left sternal border than in the control group; and 2) abnormally prolonged interval between the "C" points of the tricuspid and the mitral valve echoes (McTcI). All other parameters measured were nonspecific for Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. The sail sound was recorded in ten patients with Ebstein's malformation and occurred at the time when the anterior tricuspid leaflet was in the most posterior position. In a patient with congenital heart disease, an McTc interval greater than 0.03 sec and recording of an anterior tricuspid leaflet near the apex of the heart strongly suggest the diagnosis of Ebstein's malformation. These two criteria were not fulfilled in any patient who did not have Ebstein's malformation. Conversely, however, absence of these two features does not rule out Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. PMID- 1244259 TI - Diagnosis of prosthetic mitral valve malfunction with combined echo phonocardiography. AB - Fifty-three patients were studied with combined echo-phonocardiography or phonocardiography alone following prosthetic valve replacement. In sixteen of these patients, clinical deterioration developed, and all subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization and/or surgery. Two patients came to autopsy. Included in this group of sixteen patients were five with obstructed prosthesis, six with paravalvular regurgitation, and five with left ventricular dysfunction. Measurements were made of the time interval from the aortic valve closure sound to the peak opening of the mitral prosthesis determined echocardiographically or to the mitral prosthetic opening click (A2-MVO). Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion were also performed. The A2-MVO interval was significantly shortened (P less than 0.01) with prosthetic valve obstruction (.05 +/- .02 sec) and paravalvular regurgitation (.05 +/- .01 sec) compared with normally functioning prostheses (Starr-Edwards ball valves .10 +/- .02 sec, Lillehei-Kaster tilting disc prostheses .09 +/- .01 sec). Shortening of this interval was not specific for these conditions because it was sometimes shortened with left ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion were helpful in distinguishing among prosthetic valve obstruction, paravalvular regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. The combined echo phonocardiographic technique was especially helpful in detecting malfunction of tilting disc prostheses, because the technique enables measurement of the A2-MVO interval in the absence of an audible opening click. PMID- 1244260 TI - Editorial: Discontinuation of propranolol therapy. Cause of rebound angina pectoris and acute coronary events. PMID- 1244261 TI - Anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries (S,L,D). AB - The following is the first case of anatomically corrected malposition of the (S, L, D) type clinically diagnosed antemortem and only the second case recorded in the literature. The (S, L, D) notation indicates the segmental set of situs solitus of viscera and atria (S), ventricular l-loop (L), and d-malposition of the great arteries (D). This rare anomaly has the physiologic findings of complete d-transposition. Attempted surgical palliation was unsuccessful. PMID- 1244264 TI - Congenital esophagobronchial fistula in a 62-year-old woman. AB - A 62-year-old woman had symptoms of cough provoked by ingestion of liquids and radiologic changes compatible with repeated bouts of aspiration pneumonitis. A left bronchoesophageal fistula was easily demonstrated by barium esophagogram and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Division of the fistula resulted in immediate disappearance of the symptoms, gradual resolution of the radiologic abnormalities, and marked improvement in the results of pulmonary function tests. The fistula appeared to be of congenital origin, but the reason that symptoms developed so late in life remains obscure. PMID- 1244263 TI - Streptococcal pancarditis. AB - An unusual association of pancarditis due to Streptococcus viridans is described. The pathologic findings appear to indicate that the myocardial infection and pericarditis were blood borne. PMID- 1244262 TI - Resolution of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinoma of the breast. AB - Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis, a grave complication of malignant neoplasms, usually progresses rapidly and is fatal despite all modes of therapy. We recently observed complete resolution of pulmonary lymphangitic involvement from an adenocarcinoma of the breast following both chemotherapy and bilateral oophorectomy. The patient's chest radiograph has remained clear for 1 1/2 years. PMID- 1244265 TI - Acute respiratory failure precipitated by a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. AB - A 60-year-old white man with chronic bronchitis was noted to develop acute respiratory failure and metabolic acidosis four days after being started on methazolamide (Neptazane) for an ophthalmologic problem. The patient was intubated with ventilator support and improved after his metabolic acidosis resolved. Caution is emphasized in the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in patients with obstructive airway disease. PMID- 1244266 TI - Recurrent thrombophlebitis and pulmonary emboli in congenital factor 5 deficiency. AB - A case of congenital coagulation factor 5 deficiency is reported. Despite this defect in blood coagulation, this patient had frequent episodes of thrombophlebitis which were associated with pulmonary emboli on two occasions. Heparinization caused no hemorrhagic complications. PMID- 1244267 TI - Esophageal obstruction due to intermuscular hematoma following pneumatic dilatation. AB - A case of incomplete esophageal perforation with an intermuscular hematoma is presented. Unlike previously described submucosal or intramural perforations, this case involved mucosa, submucosa, and the inner circular muscle layer but was limited by the outer longitudinal layer. Nonsurgical treatment was followed when the clinical picture of an incomplete perforation without mediastinal soilage was considered. Surgery was done when evidence of impending extension of the process outside the esophagus developed. PMID- 1244270 TI - Aortic valve atresia with a normally developed left ventricle. AB - Aortic valve atresia is usually associated with hypoplasia of the left ventricle and mitral valve. We report a patient presenting aortic atresia with ventricular septal defect and a normally sized left ventricle. The electrocardiogram showed left axis deviation and left ventricular hypertrophy. The ventricular septal defect probably favored a normal growth of the left ventricle, allowing it to unload with systole. PMID- 1244268 TI - Acute cardiomyopathy with recurrent pulmonary edema and hypotension following heroin overdosage. AB - An 18-year-old man developed acute pulmonary edema following heroin overdose. Two days after initial improvement, there was recurrence of hypotension and pulmonary edema with severe hypoxemia refractory to mechanical ventilatory support utilizing positive and end-expiratory pressure. Cardiac catheterization revealed elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure suggestive of left ventricular failure. The use of digitalis and diuretics resulted in prompt clinical improvement and ultimate recovery. Evidence is presented indicating that this patient represents an uncommon but important syndrome of acute cardiomyopathy with left ventricular failure which complicates the clinical course of certain cases of heroin overdose. Its physiologic diagnosis is of obvious importance in the choice of proper therapy, thereby increasing the patient's chances of recovery. PMID- 1244269 TI - Fluttering of the interventricular septum. The result of truncal insufficiency. AB - We present a child with truncus arteriosus and truncal insufficiency who had diastolic fluttering of the anterior mitral valve leaflet and left ventricular surface of the interventricular septum on echocardiogram. Although the fluttering has been previously described in patients with aortic insufficiency, it has not been reported with truncus arteriosus. PMID- 1244273 TI - Letter: Blood clot cast following hemoptysis and resulting in atelectasis. PMID- 1244271 TI - Rate-dependent left bundle branch block with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms. AB - A 46-year-old man developed rate-dependent left bundle-branch block and angina pectoris with effort. Angina pectoris and left bundle-branch block could be provoked with treadmill exercise testing and right atrial pacing. Coronary arteriograms were entirely normal on two separate occasions. The syndrome of angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries can include rate-dependent left bundle-branch block. PMID- 1244274 TI - Letter: Iced saline lavage during bronchoscopy. PMID- 1244272 TI - Paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum in a patient with normal right heart hemodynamics. AB - A 32-year-old man with paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum at the level of the chordae tendineae and with normal right heart hemodynamics is presented. It appears that, in absence of severe left ventricular dysfunction or intraventricular conduction defect, paradoxical septal motion is not entirely specific for right ventricular volume overload and may represent a rare normal variant. PMID- 1244275 TI - Letter: Midsystolic clicks and tricuspid valvular prolapse. PMID- 1244276 TI - Letter: Information retrieval system. PMID- 1244277 TI - Letter: The Vitatron pacemaker MIP 400R. PMID- 1244278 TI - Letter: Catheter entanglement in right atrial network. PMID- 1244279 TI - Letter: Improved endotracheal tube for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 1244280 TI - Letter: Granulomas in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. PMID- 1244281 TI - Editorial: The story of anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries. PMID- 1244282 TI - Natural history six years after acute myocardial infarction. Is there a low-risk group? AB - One hundred fifty-four survivors of acute myocardial infarction were observed for six years. Patients with anterior lesions had increased mortality in the acute phase of infarction, a trend not sustained during the long-term follow-up period. Recurrent myocardial infarction and intraventricular conduction disturbances were associated with relatively high short-term and long-term mortality. Four groups were defined. The high-risk group had congestive heart failure, major bundle branch block, previous myocardial infarction, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, or second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. The low-risk group had none of these stigmata. Each category was divided into those under and over the age of 60. Only patients in the low-risk group, over 60 years of age, (24 percent) had a six-year survival comparable to the standard actuarial projections. Thus, 74 percent of the survivors of the acute phase of infarction had a six-year mortality far in excess of the general population. Some were particularly vulnerable during the first year. These findings may warrant reappraisal of the indications for diagnostic and surgical approaches to managing patients after myocardial infarction. PMID- 1244284 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 1244283 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges following the cytologic diagnosis of in situ carcinoma of the lung. AB - Clinical challenges associated with the cytologic detection of eight cases of occult pulmonary carcinoma are presented. The pulmonary lesions were successfully localized and resected in three of six cases encountered since the availability of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and selective bronchial brushing. Two of the resected neoplasms were unequivocally in situ, while preoperative radiotherapy precluded accurate pathologic determination of invasiveness in the third. The reported experience with unequivocal in situ bronchogenic carcinoma localized and treated surgically prior to invasion through the basement membrane now totals 17 cases (15 previously reported). Forty-four additional cases (43 previously reported) have been localized and resected following early invasion. From this group totaling 61 occult carcinomas, only two patients (3 percent) are known to have died of pulmonary carcinoma during a followup ranging from 2 to 20 years. PMID- 1244285 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in bronchial asthma. A word of caution. AB - Three instances of intense laryngospasm and bronchospasm occurred as a result of fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination in three patients with quiescent bronchial asthma. The indications for the procedure were hemoptysis in one patient and lobar collapse in two. It is likely that vagally mediated reflex laryngospasm and bronchoconstriction occur when irritant receptors are mechanically stimulated by the bronchoscope. Therefore, in the asthmatic population with its increased airway reactivity, indications for fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be absolute, and the procedure should be performed under optimal conditions. A rationale for minimizing the risk of this procedure in patients with bronchial asthma is discussed. PMID- 1244286 TI - Open pulmonary biopsy. Nineteen-year experience with 416 consecutive operations. AB - Four hundred and sixteen open pulmonary biopsies through limited thoracotomies are reported. Tissue sufficient for diagnosis was obtained in all cases. Case selection, operative technique, spectrum of diagnoses, complications, and comparisons with other techniques are defined. Diagnoses by category were as follows: occupational, 105 patients (25 percent); neoplastic disease, 80 patients (19 percent); specific histologic diagnosis, (ie, sarcoidosis), 70 patients (17 percent); specific infection, 23 patients (6 percent); vascular diagnosis, 16 patients (4 percent); and nonspecific pulmonary disease, 122 patients (29 percent). Pneumothorax, minor in most cases, was the most common complication. It occurred in 97 (23 percent) of the patients, but only 24 (6 percent) required the placement of a chest tube. Pleural effusion occurred in 106 patients (25 percent) and was minor. Hemothorax occurred in two (0.5 percent) and superficial wound infection in three (0.7 percent). Overall mortality was 4.5 percent (19 patients). Only two deaths (0.4 percent) were related to the procedure. Open pulmonary biopsy remains our diagnostic method of choice in diffuse lung disease of undetermined etiology. PMID- 1244287 TI - Respiratory symptoms related to smoking habits of family adults. AB - A study of the effects of family smoking habits on the symptoms of other family members has shown that symptoms of household members, especially children, are related to smoking habits within the households but are not significantly so when symptoms in adults are controlled. PMID- 1244288 TI - The spirographic "kink". A sign of emphysema. AB - The significance of the "kink" occurring in the early portion of the forced expiratory spirogram of some patients with obstructed airflow was investigated in 153 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. The kink, which is presumably due to airway collapse, is facilitated by the presence of emphysema, which results in loss of elastic recoil, a positive pleural pressure, high bronchiolar resistance, and structural weakness in the walls of the major airways. A significant reduction of carbon-monoxide diffusing capacity was used as the indicator of the presence of significant anatomic emphysema. Eighty percent (39) of 49 patients with the spirographic kink had a low diffusing capacity, whereas only 16 of those without the kink had significantly impaired diffusion. Seventy percent (39) of the 56 patients who had emphysema by this criterion demonstrated a spirographic kink. This test is, therefore, offered as a simple, effective, and widely applicable screening procedure for detecting emphysema, with a low incidence of false-positive results. PMID- 1244289 TI - Smoking. Some of its less publicized sequels. PMID- 1244290 TI - Hemolysis in the aortic prosthetic valve. AB - A review of the incidence and severity of hemolysis in the aortic prosthesis is presented. The noncloth-covered Starr-Edwards prosthetic series 1000, 1200, and 1260 had a 2 percent (1/54) incidence of anemia. The cloth-covered Starr-Edwards aortic prosthetic series 2300 was associated with anemia in 61 percent (28/46) of patients. The modified aortic prosthetic series 2310 and 2320 had a 34 percent (19/56) incidence. Mean lactic dehydrogenase levels for the series 1000, 1200 and 1260 were 184 units; 2300 series, 574 units; 2310 and 2320 series, 334 units; and the Bjork-Shiley aortic prosthesis, 166 units. Nine patients underwent repeat surgery because of refractory anemia in the 2300 series, and one did so in the 2310 series. Four of the patients with repeat surgery had significant cloth wearing of the valve. A transvalvular gradient in excess of 30 mm Hg was present in seven of ten anemic patients studied who had the series-2300 valve. The cloth covered Starr-Edwards aortic prosthesis carries a significant risk of anemia. At the present time the 2310 and 2320 series cause less hemolysis and a lower incidence of anemia than the original 2300 series but in excess of the noncloth covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis. PMID- 1244291 TI - Swyer-James (Macleod's) syndrome. Variations in pulmonary-bronchial arterial blood flow. AB - The Swyer-James (Macleod's) syndrome (or unilateral hyperlucency of the lung) frequently presents a diagnostic problem. Two cases of this entity are reported that demonstrate its similarity to and differentiation from pulmonary embolism and other intrapulmonic disorders. Detailed roentgenologic and physiologic studies were performed to define the diagnostic criteria of this syndrome. The reciprocal relationship of the bronchial arterial circulation in the hyperlucent lung was described. PMID- 1244292 TI - The esophageal obturator airway. A clinical evaluation. AB - The esophageal obturator airway (EOA) has been considered a useful ventilatory technique for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but quantitative analysis of its clinical effectiveness is not available. We evaluated the EOA in 18 patients who had suffered prehospital cardiac arrest and who were resuscitated by mobile intensive care unit paramedics employing an EOA. Arterial blood gas determinations were obtained during ventilation with the EOA and then repeated after endotracheal intubation. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) greater than 64 mm Hg was achieved in 11 of 12 patients who had been converted to supraventricular rhythm, despite varying inspired oxygen concentrations. A PaO2 greater than 77 mm Hg was achieved in three of six patients still requiring external cardiac massage. There was little or no improvement in oxygenation after endotracheal intubation, implying that the failures to oxygenate were not due to the EOA. We conclude that the EOA is a useful adjunct during cardiopulmonary resuscitation when endotracheal intubation is not feasible. PMID- 1244293 TI - Echocardiography in Marfan's syndrome. AB - Echocardiographic examinations were performed in 26 patients with clinical evidence of Marfan's syndrome. Twelve patients were demonstrated to have isolated dysfunction of the mitral valvular apparatus of varying severity. Four patients demonstrated involvement of the aortic root as well as mitral valvular abnormalities, and six patients had problems involving the aortic root only. Four patients had no demonstrable cardiac abnormalities. Therapeutic decisions which could previously have been made with confidence only on the basis of cardiac catheterization with angiocardiographic studies were made by ultrasonic evaluation. PMID- 1244294 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Entity or syndrome? AB - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is a rare and usually fatal condition in which there is gradual obliteration of the pulmonary veins and venules. Without a lung biopsy the clinical diagnosis of this disease is difficult. If there is pulmonary hypertension with roentgenographic signs of pulmonary edema and of congestion in the absence of signs of increased left atrial pressure, the diagnosis must be considered. The morphologic picture of the lungs is characteristic. The small veins, and sometimes also the major veins, are narrowed or occluded by fibrous tissue, almost certainly on the basis of organized thrombi. Nodular areas of congestion, interstitial fibrosis, and pneumonitis are regularly present. A viral etiology has been suggested in a number of cases. If we may assume, however, that thrombosis of pulmonary veins is the initial event, the possibility has to be considered that this may be elicited by a virus in some patients and by toxic factors or by clotting disorders in others. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease might then well be a syndrome rather than an etiologic entity. PMID- 1244295 TI - Echocardiogram in right atrial myxoma. PMID- 1244296 TI - Middle mediastinal and retrogastric mass. PMID- 1244297 TI - Plasma enzyme levels in the anaesthetised dog during drainage of thoracic duct lymph. AB - The effect of continuous removal of thoracic duct lymph on plasma activities of creatine phosphokinase (PCK), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (PAST); and lactic dehydrogenase (PLDH), uas examined in pentobarbital-anaesthetised dogs over a 5.5-hour period. PCK and PAST declined relative to levels in control dogs while PLDH was unaltered. Lymph/plasma (L/P) ratios for AST and CPK were greater, and for LDH less, than the L/P ratio for total protein. It was concluded that PCK, and to some extent PAST, are normally maintained by introduction of enzyme, escaping from the intracellular compartment, into the circulating blood via the lymphatic system. PLDH and PAST appear to be maintained principally by introduction of enzyme directly from the intracellular to the plasma compartment. PMID- 1244298 TI - A comparison of the ATP: L-methionine-S-adenosyltransferase of rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum. AB - The ATP: L-methionine-S-adenosyltransferase of rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum was found to be differentially responsive to solubilization by sodium deoxycholate. Furthermore, the cerebellar enzyme was markedly less sensitive to inactivation by deoxycholate and to storage at 4 degrees C. The specific activity of the cerebellar enzyme was significantly higher and the two enzyme activities also exhibited differences in apparent Km values for L-methionine. PMID- 1244299 TI - Changes in biochemical properties of myocardial lactate dehydrogenase during exposure of rats to high altitude. AB - Exposure of normal rats to chronic natural hypoxia has shown the following effect upon catalytic properties of myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): significant increase of the two substrates pyruvate and lactate in tissue extracts; no changes in electrophoretic patterns of the enzyme; a slight enhancement of the activation energy of enzyme molecules; a significant increase in the Michaelis constant for pyruvate. Variations in biochemical properties of LDH appear after 12 ueeks of life in high altitude environment. These adjustments may be related to the stimulation of anaerobic metabolism induced by altitudinal hypoxia. Changes in LDH biochemical parameters seem adaptative. PMID- 1244301 TI - State councils on developmental disabilities. PMID- 1244300 TI - An experimental study of acute and chronic effects of phenacetin on the rat kidney, using clinical-chemical and biochemical methods. AB - In rats, changes in urinary enzymatic activities (AP, SP, LAP, beta-GLU, MUR) were recorded following the administration of phenacetin in acute doses (4.75 and 7.15 mmol/kg). Urinary AP and LAP activities were measured over 77 days in which 3.35 mmol phenacetin/kg were given daily. The results revealed immediate and delayed effects of phenacetin, depending upon the quality of the drug used. In the chronic series, changes in urinary enzymatic activities were less pronounced. Concomitant biochemical investigations of kidney cell fractions revealed the occurrence of mitochondrial damage under the influence of chronic phenacetin administration. Following acute doses of phenacetin, destructive alterations in the plasma membrane of kidney cells were encountered. Investigations of serum enzymatic activities 24 h after phenacetin administration did not reveal any significant changes. PMID- 1244302 TI - Speech-sound discrimination ability on linguistically unbiased tests. PMID- 1244303 TI - Training teachers for the severely and profoundly handicapped: a new frontier. PMID- 1244304 TI - Self control possibilities for exceptional children. PMID- 1244305 TI - Sleeping behavior and associations in a group of captive chimpanzees. AB - The present study investigated the sleeping behavior and preferences of a group of six adolescent chimpanzees at the Delta Regional Primate Research Center in Louisiana, USA. The study sought to relate sleeping partner preferences to other aspects of social relationships. Comparative observations between those chimpanzee behaviors seen in the wild and in this group are noted. PMID- 1244306 TI - Observations on a small group of mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei). AB - On the basis of a 5-month field study, data are presented on home range, patterns of daily movement and social behaviour in a small free-living gorilla group. Changes in group composition that occurred during the study are analysed with special reference to their effect on inter-individual distance. The relationships with other groups and lone individuals whose home ranges overlapped with that of the group studied are examined on the basis of intergroup contacts. PMID- 1244307 TI - Fragmentation in medicine: continuing proliferation in varieties of certificates of special competence. PMID- 1244308 TI - Metastasis of cancer to cancer: report of a case. AB - A case of primary, widely disseminated prostatic carcinoma causing bilateral urinary tract obstruction, hydronephrosis, and papillary necrosis and metastasizing in the substance of an unusual histologic variant of renal cell carcinoma and tubular adenoma of the same kidney is presented. Unusual incidental findings include isolated cardiac amyloidosis and myocardial abscesses. A brief review of the literature is presented. The peculiar tendency for renal cell carcinoma to be the host tumor for other primary carcinomas and various theories to account for this phenomenon are commented upon briefly. PMID- 1244309 TI - Letter: The usefulness of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of human tumors. PMID- 1244310 TI - Aging changes in the human aortic valve in relation to dystrophic calcification. AB - To elucidate the pathogenesis of aging changes and their relation to age associated calcification, a morphological study of 27 human aortic valves was carried out. Nine valves were obtained from immediate autopsies and 18 valves from routine autopsies done within four hours after death. Calcium deposition was present deep in the zona fibrosa along a zone of lipid accumulation. Fibrocytes in the zona fibrosa showed predominant age associated changes, i.e., a massive accumulation of residual bodies in the cytoplasm probably derived from autophagic vacuoles. Light microscopic lipid accumulation corresponded with both intracellular accumulation of electron dense spherules and membranous vesicles derived from degenerate fibrocytes. Calcium deposition in various stages, including needle shaped hydroxyapatite crystals, was seen in close association with these cellular degradation products rather than collagen or elastic fibers. Dystrophic calcification in the aortic valve appears to result from cellular aging and death followed by petrification of cellular degradation products, which may progress to calcific aortic stenosis. PMID- 1244311 TI - Hemangiopericytoma. An analysis of 106 cases. AB - A series of 106 cases of hemangiopericytoma was analyzed. The neoplasms occurred principally in adults (median age, 45 years), were deep seated, and were most common in the thigh (27 cases) and the pelvic retroperitoneum (26 cases). A painless mass was the first symptom in 96 of the patients. The median size of the excised tumors was 6.5 cm. Surgical removal of the tumor was often complicated by hemorrhage because of marked dilatation of the vascular bed in the vicinity of the neoplasm, probably as the result of rapid exchange of blood from the arterial to the venous circulation within the tumor. Microscopically, benign and malignant forms could be distinguished. The latter were characterized by increased cellularity, prominent mitotic activity, and foci of necrosis or hemorrhage. Follow-up information was obtained in 93 cases. Seventy-one of the 93 patients were living (two with recurrence and four with metastasis), and 22 had died (13 as the result of recurrence or metastasis in more than two-thirds of the related causes). Recurrence preceded metastasis in more than two-thirds of the patients with evidence of metastasis. The 10 year survival rate was 70 per cent. The morphologic differences from other mesenchymal tumors showing a hemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern are discussed, and the close resemblance of hemangiopericytoma to richly vascular forms of fibrous histiocytomas and synovial sarcoma is emphasized. Congenital or infantile hemangiopericytoma is described as a separate entity having a distinctive microscopic pattern and behavior. PMID- 1244312 TI - Instantaneous frequency measurements of neural events: application of non uniformly distributed RC line. PMID- 1244313 TI - A model for studying velocity variations in unmyelinated axons. PMID- 1244314 TI - Optimal protection in direct closed head impact. PMID- 1244315 TI - 60-Hz ventricular fibrillation and pump failure thresholds versus electrode area. PMID- 1244316 TI - The displacement cardiograph. PMID- 1244317 TI - A laser stimulator for the study of cutaneous thermal and pain sensations. PMID- 1244318 TI - Electromagnetic pulse interaction with mammalian cranial structures. PMID- 1244319 TI - A real-time cross correlator for neurophysiological research. PMID- 1244320 TI - Some figures of performance and the apparatus for a digital talking typewriter for the blind-SPELLEX. PMID- 1244321 TI - A digitally controlled stimulator for neurophysiological applications. PMID- 1244322 TI - Recordings of bioelectric potentials with glass microelectrodes: limitations of unity-gain follower with buffer. PMID- 1244323 TI - A manipulandum for human motor studies. PMID- 1244324 TI - Application of binary filters in automated counting of reticulocytes. PMID- 1244325 TI - Minimizing silver-silver chloride electrode impedance. PMID- 1244326 TI - Effect of room fluorescent light on the deterioration of tissue culture medium. AB - A major cause of tissue culture medium deterioration is exposure to room fluorescent light. Riboflavin and tryptophan present in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimum essential medium, when exposed to light, yield toxic photoproducts responsible for loss of the ability of the medium to support clonal growth of human, mouse and Chinese hamster cell lines. Procedures for minimizing medium deterioration are discussed. PMID- 1244328 TI - Standard field methods for determining 137Cs and 131I in vivo. PMID- 1244327 TI - Effects of steroid hormones in fetal bovine serum on plating ang cloning of human cells in vitro. AB - Fetal bovine sera from each of three different commercial sources were tested for their ability to support cloning of human fibroblastoid cells in vitro. Cloning efficiencies varied according to serum source. Serum (10 samples) from company A did not support growth, while sera (10 samples) from companies B and C provided adequate to excellent conditions for cloning and growth. Cells from neonatal foreskin or embryonic lung responded to each serum similarly. Bovine serum albumin type H7 from company C supported cell growth in media without serum. Sera containing 1.0 ng per ml or more of progesterone inhibited growth, whereas sera containing less than 1.0 ng per ml supported cloning and growth. In the low progesterone sera, the concentration of 17-beta-estradiol exceeded 100 pg per ml. Growth supporting sera could be made non-supportive by adding 0.1 mug per ml of progesterone. The addition to non-supporative sera of 0.1 mug per ml of 17-beta estradiol or hydrocortisone made these sera supportive of cell growth. Addition of estrogen or hydrocortisone to a culture medium that inhibits growth, with subsequent reversal of the inhibitory effect, implies that these hormones competitively regulate growth of responsive cells in vitro. PMID- 1244329 TI - An international intercomparison of environmental dosimeters. PMID- 1244330 TI - The reusability of solid thermoluminescent dosimeters and its relation to the maintenance of TL standards. PMID- 1244331 TI - Mean and effective photon energies of 226Ra in equilibrium with daughters. PMID- 1244332 TI - Exploratory study of the use of TSEE dosimeters in radon monitoring. PMID- 1244333 TI - Simplified RBE-dose calculations for mixed radiation fields. PMID- 1244334 TI - Local dosimetry and qualitative changes in 226Ra- and 90Sr-90Y-labeled beagle humeri. PMID- 1244335 TI - 90Sr-90Y dose distribution in beagles: injection relative to ingestion. PMID- 1244336 TI - A comparison of the dose to cells on trabecular bone surfaces from plutonium-239 and radium-226 based on experimental alpha absorption measurements. PMID- 1244337 TI - Studies of injected 237Pu(IV) citrate in beagles. PMID- 1244338 TI - 144Ce in tissues of beagle dogs after inhalation of CeCl3 with special emphasis on endocrine glands and reproductive organs. PMID- 1244339 TI - Radiation doses from iodine-129 in the environment. PMID- 1244340 TI - The distribution of absorbed dose-rates in humans from exposure to environmental gamma rays. PMID- 1244341 TI - Effects of chronic gamma radiation on the growth and survival of juvenile clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) and scallops (Argopecten irradians). PMID- 1244342 TI - Multiple simultaneous event model for radiation carcinogenesis. PMID- 1244343 TI - Exposure and roentgen-area-product in xeromammography and conventional mammography. PMID- 1244344 TI - Determination of the type and amount of fission products released in a nuclear reactor accident. PMID- 1244345 TI - Documentation of results in the determination of the covalent structure of proteins. PMID- 1244346 TI - Primary structure of a high potential iron-sulfur protein from the purple non sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. AB - The third amino acid sequence of a high potential iron-sulfur protein, that of the non-sulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa, has been determined. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of 74 amino acid residues, which is slightly smaller than the high potential iron-sulfur proteins from the sulfur purple bacteria Chromatium vinosum (85 residues) and Thiocapsa pfennigii (81 residues). The sequence of the gelatinosa protein is similar to the C. vinosum and T. pfennigii proteins with 38% and 37% identically matching residues, although six gaps are proposed for the comparison (the C. vinosum and T. pfennigii proteins have 44% identically matching residues out of 73 positions compared with only one 4-residue gap). Only 17 redisues, including the 4 cystein residues essential for binding the four-iron-sulfur chromophore, are invariant in the three known sequences. A discussion of the role of conserved residues in maintenance of the three-dimensional structure and in electron transport is presented. PMID- 1244347 TI - Effects of anti-insulin serum, insulin, and glucose on output of triglycerides and on ketogenesis by the perfused rat liver. AB - The rate of change of the concentration of various metabolites in blood in vivo and of the metbolism of free fatty acids by the perfused liver in vitro was sutidied as a function of time after the induction of acute insulin deficiency in rats by administration of guinea pig anti-insulin serum; the rate of reversal of these changes afte treatment of the anti-insulinserum diabetic ratss with insulin was also investigated. The concentrations of blood glucose and ketonebodies, and plasma-free fatty acids increased rapidly after injection of anti-insuli serum, while plasma triglycerides increased more slowly. These alterations were restored rapidly toward normal after treatment of the diabetic animals with insulin... PMID- 1244348 TI - External labeling of galactose in surface membrane glycoproteins of the intact myelin sheath. AB - The molecular organization of surface galactose residues in glycoproteins of the intact myelin sheath was investigated using the enzymatic membrane probe, galactose oxidase. Rat spinal cords treated under physiological conditions with this nonpermanent probe were labeled specifically in galactose residues by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride. The enzymatically modified proteins from isolated myelin were analyzed electrophoretically and their specific radioactivities determined. Results indicated tritium label associated with a surprising variety of high molecular weight proteins. The most extensively labeled peak corresponded to the major myelin glycoprotein as indicated by the coincidence of tritium label with that of [14C]fucose used as an internal marker for the glycoproteins. The radioactivity associated with this protein was 1.1 to 2.7 times higher after treatment with galactose oxidase when compared to reduction in the absence of the enzyme and 1.4 to 4.8 times higher when oxidized and reduced after prior treatment with neuraminidase. The results suggest a complex heterogeneity of minor glycoproteins associated with isolated myelin. It is concluded that from this complexity of glycoproteins, a major glycoprotein is at least partially localized on the external surface of either the intact myelin sheath or the closely associated oligodendroglial plasma membrane. Such a localization of this glycoprotein and the probable localization of the other glycoproteins enhances their potential role in specific interactions in the process of mpyelination or myelin maintenance. PMID- 1244349 TI - Chemical and biological properties of synthetic, sulfur-free analogues of parathyroid hormone. AB - Several analogues of the biologically active fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), based on the sequence of the NH2-terminal 34 amino acids, were prepared by solid phase synthesis and bioassayed in the in vitro adenylyl cyclase assay to provide further information concerning structure-activity relations in parathyroid hormone. In two analogues both methionines of the natural hormone were replaced with the sulfur-free and closely isosteric amino acid norleucine (Nle). The synthetic analogue [Nle-8, Nle-18]bPTH-(1-34) was highly active in the in vitro rat adenylyl cyclase bioassay, thus demonstrating that neither of the methionines, found in the native sequence, is indispensable for biological activity. Tyrosine was substituted for phenylalanine at position 34 in the synthesis of two other hormone analogues, [Try-34]bPTH-(1-34) and [Nle-8,Nle 18,Tyr-34]bPTH-(1-34). Both derivatives were exposed to conventional iodination procedures involving use of the oxidant chloramine T. Although iodination of [Try 34]bPTH-(1-34) resulted in virtually complete loss of biological activity, [Nle 8,Nle-18,Tyr-34]-bPTH-(1-34), which lacks methionine, could be exposed to oxidants and labeled efficiently with iodine with retention of nearly complete biological activity. These findings confirm that the loss of biological activity after oxidation of bPTH, as previously observed with the native hormone, is indeed attributable to the oxidation lability of methionine rather than to any other modifications. This sulfur-free, radioiodinated, biologically active analogue of parathyroid hormone may prove useful in studies of interaction of the hormone with the membrane receptors of target tissues and in studies of the metabolism of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 1244350 TI - Bromopyruvate inactivation of glutamate apodecarboxylase. Kinetics and specificity. AB - A number of halo carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids were substrate-competitive inhibitors of glutamate decarboxylase, with bromosuccinate, 3-bromopropionate, and iodoacetate having the highest affinity for the enzyme. Some of the halo acids also inactivated the apoenzyme. Bromopyruvate at relatively low concentrations inactivated the apoenzyme irreversibly. The rate of the inactivation of the apodecarboxylase was proportional to bromopyruvate at low concentration and approached a constant rate of inactivation at high bromopyruvate concentration. These data are consistent with a two-step inactivation process in which an enzyme-bromopyruvate complex is formed followed by inactivation. The concentration of bromopyruvate giving the half-maximum rate of inactivation was 6.9 mM, and the maximum rate of inactivation was 1.75 min-1 at pH 4.6 and 23 degrees. Much faster rates of inactivation were obtained at pH 5.96 and 6.44. Phosphate, an inhibitor of pyrisoxal-P binding to the apoenzyme, competitively inhibited the inactivation of the apoenzyme by bromopyruvate. In addition, bromopyruvate inhibited the rate of pyridoxal-P binding to the apoenzyme. Kinetics of the incorporation of bromo[2-14C]pyruvate indicated that complete inactivation was obtained when 1.2 mol of radioactive residue were covalently bound per subunit of apoenzyme. Amino acid analyses demonstrated that a cysteinyl residue was alkylated by the bromopyruvate. The bromopyruvate was evidently interacting nincovalently with a cationic group at or near the pyridoxal-P-binding site, and then was alkylating a nearby cysteinyl residue. PMID- 1244351 TI - Horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. Purification and characterization of two isozymes. AB - Two isozymes of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde, NAD oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.3)), F1 and F2, have been purified to homogeneity using salt fractionation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activities of the two isozymes in a pH 9.0 system with propionaldehyde as substrate were approximately 0.35 and 1.0 mumol of NADH/min/mg of protein for the F1 and F2 isozymes, respectively. The multiporosity polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis molecular weights of the F1 and F2 isozymes were approximately 230,000 and 240,000 respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave subunit molecular weight estimates of 52,000 and 53,000 for the F1 and F2 isozymes, respectively. The amino acid compositions of the two isozymes were found to be similar; the ionizable amino acid contents being consistent with the electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior of the two isozymes. Both isozymes exhibited a broad aldehyde specificity, oxidizing a wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and utilized NAD as coenzyme, but at approximately 300-fold higher coenzyme concentration could use NADP. The F1 isozyme exhibited a very low Km for NAD (3 muM) and a higher Km for acetaldehyde (70 muM), while the F2 isozyme was found to have a higher Km for NAD (30 muM) and a low Km for acetaldehyde (0.2 muM). The two isozymes showed similar chloral hydrate and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibition characteristics, but the F1 isozyme was found to be several orders of magnittude more sensitive to disulfiram, a physiological inhibitor of acetaldehyde oxidation. Based on its disulfiram inhibition characteristics, it has been suggested that the F1 isozyme may be the primary enzyme for oxidizing the acetyldehyde produced during ethanol oxidation in vivo. PMID- 1244352 TI - Resolution of erythrocyte membrane proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - A two-dimensional electrophoresis method has been developed which solubilizes erythrocyte membrane proteins, and which resolves the components of the band that migrates in detergent gels as if its molecular mass were 95,000 daltons. This method uses gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the first dimension and phenol, aqueous urea, and acetic acid in the second dimension. The 95,000 dalton band is known to contain several different membrane proteins, including those associated with anion transport, glucose transport, and (Na+,K+) transport. Two-dimensional electrophoresis resolved this band into one major spot and several minor ones. Pronase digestion of whole erythrocytes, followed by preparation of ghosts and two-dimensional electrophoresis, showed that only the major component of this band was digested by pronase. PMID- 1244353 TI - Mechanism of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid inhibition of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). AB - The hypoglycemic agent 3-mercaptopicolinic acid inhibits gluconeogenesis from lactate by isolated, perfused livers from fasted rats and guinea pigs. A 3 mercaptopicolinate concentration of 50 muM caused a sharp decrease in glucose synthesis, with virtually complete inhibition at 100 muM. This inhibitory effect was reversed completely when 3-mercaptopicolinate was removed and the rate of glucose synthesis returned to normal values within 2 min. Oxygen consumption was not altered, even at the highest concentration of inhibitor. Gluconeogenesis from glycerol by guinea pig liver was blocked completely by 100 muM 3 mercaptopicolinate but was inhibited only partially in rat liver. After removal of the inhibitor glucose synthesis returned to levels higher than noted before the addition of this compound. The formation of P-enolpyruvate bu isolated guinea pig liver mitochondria metabolizing alpha-ketoglutarate (State 3) was inhibited markedly by 3-mercaptopicolinate, but malate conversion to P-enolpyruvate was considerably less sensitive. Kinetic studies with purified P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase from rat liver cytosol indicate that 3-mercaptopicolinate is a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both oxalacetate and MnGTP2-, and that simulataeous saturation with both substrates does not diminish this inhibition. The inhibitory effects of 3-mercaptopicolinate occur primarily by decreasing the rate of product formation while having relatively minor effects on the apparent Michaelis constants for substrates. Inhibition constants for slope and intercept effects ranged from 3 to 9 muM 3-mercaptopicolinate, and the inhibition patterns were dependent on the concentration of free Mn2+ present. Comparison of the inhibition constants with the observed inhibition of gluconeogenesis in livers perfused with 3-mercaptopicolinate supports the contention that P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase is the site of action of this inhibitor. The possibility that 3 mercaptopicolinate inhibition occurs by binding either free or bound manganese was eliminated by determination of the dissociation constant of 0.51 mM for the manganese-3-mercaptopicolinate complex. In addition, no tightly bound, slowly exchanging metal was bound to purified enzyme protein. These results suggest that 3-mercaptopicolinate inhibits by the removal of a tightly bound, rapidly exchanging metal ion other than Mn2+. PMID- 1244354 TI - Ligand binding properties of horse hemoglobins containing deutero- and mesoheme. AB - The reactions of horse globin reconstituted with proto-, deutero-, and mesoheme have been examined by equilibrium and kinetic methods. In virtually all reactions studied, mesohemoglobin displays the more extreme functional behavior, whereas deuterohemoglobin exhibits behavior which is either very similar to native hemoglobin or intermediate between the two. Our kinetic and equilibrium results indicate that the primary effect of heme modification on the functional properties of hemoglobin is to alter the intrinsic reactivities of the deoxy and liganded conformations. Heme modification does not, however, result in substantial alterations in the conformational equilibrium between the two states. Simple inductive electronic effects of the 2- and 4-substituents of the heme moiety in deutero- and mesohemoglobin are apparently not sufficient to explain the observed equilibrium and kinetic properties completely, which indicates that steric effects of these substituents may also play a role in determining the functional behavior of the hemoglobin molecule. PMID- 1244355 TI - Studies on the mechanism and stereochemical properties of the oxalacetate decarboxylase activity of pyruvate kinase. AB - When cod fish muscle oxalacetate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxalacetate in the presence of NaBH4, L-lactate results from the reduction of enzyme-bound pyruvate. However, D-lactate results when borohydride reduces the binary enzyme-pyruvate complex formed by adding pyruvate from solution, as reported by others. This observation suggests that there are alternate mechanisms for reduction that are either kinetically or sterically determined for the E pyruvate forms produced in the two directions. In the process of investigating the mechanism of reduction, the cod fish muscle decarboxylase was discovered to be identical with pyruvate kinase. Decarboxylase activity appears to take place at a site which overlaps the phosphoenolpyruvate binding site on this enzyme, as discussed in the following paper. Crystalline rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase also contains significant decarboxylase activity indicating that the two reactions may be structurally related functions. In the presence of K+, orthophosphate, or ATP the rabbit muscle enzyme catalyzes the detritiation of enzyme-bound pyruvate formed during decarboxylation before release of pyruvate from the enzyme, in analogy with the detritiation of pyruvate formed from P-[3-3/]enolpyruvate in the kinase reaction. This observation is consistent with the formation of an enolpyruvate intermediate common to the kinetic pathways of both reactions. Since the decarboxylase reac.tion is completely stereospecific, within the limits of detection, going with retention of configuration, the protonation of the enolpyruvate intermediate is completely determined by the enzyme as is the case with the enolpyruvate intermediate generated from P-enolpyruvate in the kinase reaction. PMID- 1244356 TI - Oxalacetate decarboxylase activity in muscle is due to pyruvate kinase. AB - The enzyme from cod fish muscle that catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of oxalacetate and is homogeneous by several criteria contains very significant pyruvate kinase activity. For every unit of decarboxylase activity (0.90 unit/mg) there are 235 units of pyruvate kinase activity (212 units/mg). The inability to separate the two activities by a variety of physical techniques indicates that both are due to a single enzyme protein. Improtantly, the two activities appear to take place at the same or overlapping sites on the enzyme. Phosphoenolpyruvate and 4-ethyloxalacetate are strong linear competitive inhibitors of the decarboxylase activity with respect to oxalacetate having dissociation constants of 3.2 and 10.2 muM, respectively, while 4-ethyloxalacetate is a linear competitive inhibitor of the pyruvate kinase activity with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate, Ki - 13.5 muM. In addition, both activities exhibit sigmoidal kinetics for substrates. The differential influence of effectors on substrate cooperativity for the two reactions indicates that the decarboxylase reaction may be an important tool for studying allosteric mechanisms in this enzyme. PMID- 1244358 TI - An electron microscopic study of the neuromuscular junction in the myotomes of larval lamprey, Lampetra japonica. AB - The neuromuscular junction in the myotomes of larval and adult lampreys, Lampetra japonica, was studied with the electron microscope. In larval lampreys of 26 days after artificial insemination, the myotome consists of triangular lamellae of muscle cell with their bases laterally and apexes medially oriented and placed one on the other. The lateral aspect of the myotome is covered by a layer of flattened cell, and the other aspect is covered by an external lamina which does not extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cells within a myotome. A bundle of thin axons was found in a depression at the middle of medial edge (apex) of each muscle lamella of the myotome and neuromuscular junction was formed here. No nerve endings were found at the myoseptal ends or at the lateral borders of the muscle lamellae. Enlarged axon terminals contained numerous clear vesicles with a few cored vesicles, mitochondria and neurofilaments. The presynaptic axolemma was separated from the postsynaptic sarcolemma by an interspace (50-55 mmu wide) with an interposed external lamina. In the trunk musculature of adult lampreys, nerve endings were found on the surface of the parietal fibers whereas they were seen on both the myoseptal ends near the myotendinous junction along the medial border of each central fiber. Thickening and enhancement in the electron density and accumulation of filamentous material on the sarcoplasmic surface of the postsynaptic sarcolemma were noted in both the larval and adult lampreys. Any other specific alterations were not found on both the pre- and postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junctions of larval and adult lampreys. A brief comment was made on the relationship in development of the characteristic muscle units and patterns of the motor innervation in the larval and adult lampreys. The significance of the neuromuscular junction in the very young larvae reported here was also discussed in respect to the evolution of the neuromuscular junction, particularly in lower chordates, and it was presumed to be the most primitive pattern of innervation in the vertebrate skeletal muscle. PMID- 1244357 TI - Differential control of rat microsomal "aryl hydrocarbon" monooxygenase and epoxide hydratase. AB - A growing body of evidence implicates epoxide metabolites of mutagenic and carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons as either the only species, or one of the contributing species responsible for these adverse effects. Selective induction of epoxide hydratase(s) catalyzing the transformation of epoxides to electrophilically unreactive dihydrodiols, under conditions not leading to increases in monooxygenase(s) responsible for epoxide formation would, therefore, be of interest. All inducers of rat hepatic epoxide hydratase (determined with [7 3H]styrene oxide as substrate) which have been discovered also induced monooxygenase (determined with benzo(a)pyrene as substrate) suggesting a possible common biosynthetic control of these enzymes. The enzyme levels observed in different sexes and at different stages of the ontogenetic development, possibly dependent on endogenous inducers, strengthened this view. No sex difference is epoxide hydratase activity was observed in young rats (1 to 5 days old) while epoxide hydratase levels were about 3-fold higher in adult males than in females, which was remarkably similar to the behavior of monooxygenase. Moreover, the prenatal development of epoxide hydratase and monooxygenase appeared to be similar--although the low enzyme levels precluded accurate determinations of the latter. Although different types of known monooxygenase inducers all led to epoxide hydratase induction in adult rat liver, their effect of epoxide hydratase and monooxygenase could be dissociated by transplacental treatment. Dissociation was clearest with inducers of the polycyclic hydrocarbon type which led to great induction of monooxygenase while epoxide hydratase remained unchanged. The increases in monooxygenase activity were very different when determined by two methods based on different principles, demonstrating that at least two monooxygenases are involved in oxidative metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, and that the control of epoxide hydratase is not under common control with either of them. PMID- 1244359 TI - Tectal efferents in the blind cave fish Astyanax hubbsi. AB - Suction lesions were placed in the optic tecta of 36 blind cave fish. Three main bundles of tectal efferents were observed. A large, caudally directed fascicle distributes to the ipsilateral torus semicircularis, nucleus isthmi, and lateral tegmental areas of the mesencephalon and pons via the ipsilateral tectobulbar tract. Contralaterally, this fascicle descends to pontine levels as the contralateral tectobulbar tract. A second, rostrally directed bundle exits from the tectum at two levels. A small fascicle leaves from the caudal tectum and ascends rostrally as the commissura transversa. This bundle then joins with more rostrally exiting fibers and the combined fascicles collect in the area of the medial optic tract. They remain in this position until the level of the postoptic commissure where they decussate. Subsequently, this bundle moves caudally and enters the contralateral tectum at its most rostral extreme. The third bundle of tectofugal efferents leaves the tectum medially, at the level of the lesion, and enters the tectal commissure, through which it is distributed to the ipsilateral torus longitudinalis and contralateral optic tectum. PMID- 1244360 TI - Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortes. V. Effects of early x irradiation schedules that allow or prevent the acquisition of basket cells. AB - In neonate and infant rats the area of cerebellum was irradiated with different schedules of single or multiple doses of low-level X-ray. One set of schedules allowed the early recovery of the external germinal layer and the differentiation of all the postnatally-forming cell types while the other selectively prevented the acquisition of basket cells. The first schedule did not interfere with the development of normally oriented and arborizing Purkinje cells. The second schedule led to the growth of twisted and entwined stem dendrites even when, in association, with the recovered granule cells, parallel fibers were present in the molecular layer together with Purkinje cell spiny branchlets. Evidence was presented that the alignment of Purkinje cell perikarya in a monolayer does not guarantee the normal growth of Purkinje cell stem dendrites which may be dependent on the presence of basket cells. The problem was discussed whether cell differentiation in the cerebellar cortex is governed by a chronological or sequential principle. PMID- 1244361 TI - Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortes. VI. Effects of x irradiation schedules that allow or prevent cell acquisition after basket cells are formed. AB - In Long-Evans rats the area of the cerebellum was X-irradiated with two schedules beginning on day 8 by which time the bulk of basket cells were formed. The shorter schedule of four successive daily doses of 200 r between 8-11 days was designed to allow some cell recovery, the longer schedule between 8-15 days was expected to prevent it. Neither of the schedules interfered with the differentiation of basket cells. Purkinje cells remained aligned in a monocellular layer and formed singularly long, upright stem dendrites which were surrounded by the descending collaterals of basket cell axons. This supported the hypothesis that the directed growth of Purkinje cell stem dendrite is promoted by morphogenic interaction with basket cells. The upright stem dendrites had few or no smooth branches where cell recovery was prevented or had few such branches where recovery occurred. It was postulated that the out-growth of smooth branches is dependent on interaction with stellate cells which form after the acquisition of basket cells. The absence or scarcity of smooth branches did not prevent the formation of spiny branchlets which grew downward to establish synaptic contacts with the spared parallel fibers of granule cells formed before the start of irradiation. In the group with some granule cell recovery, spiny branchlets grew to a limited extent upward into the pile of parallel fibers formed after the irradiation. PMID- 1244362 TI - Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortex. VII. Effects of late x irradiation schedules that interfere with cell acquisition after stellate cells are formed. AB - In Long-Evans rats the area of the cerebellum was irradiated with multiple doses of low-level X-ray beginning on day 12 after the bulk of stellate cells were acquired. The treatment spared basket, stellate and early-forming granule cells but led to a substantial reduction in the total granule cell population and a correlated miniaturization of the cerebellar cortex. Nevertheless most Purkinje cells had normally shaped planar dendritic arbors, with an upward directed stem dendrite, several smooth branches and a multitude of spiny branchlets. The frequency piling up of spiny branchlets near the surface was attributed to the truncation of the bed of parallel fibers by this radiation schedule. In this last paper of the series the accumulated results are summarized and evaluated. The hypothesis is offered that while the growth of the Purkinje cell perikaryon is an autonomous process, the oriented perpendicular growth of a single stem dendrite depends on the presence of basket cell axons, the outgrowth of smooth branches on the presence of stellate cell axons, and the proliferation of spiny branchlets on interaction with parallel fibers. The parallel fibers are responsible for the orthogonal, planar growth of the dendritic arbor and a hypothesis is offered about the mechanisms involved. PMID- 1244364 TI - A Lagrangian model of the Los Angeles smog aerosol. PMID- 1244363 TI - A comparative neuroanatomic study of retinal projections in two fishes: Astyanax hubbsi (the blind cave fish), and Astyanax mexicanus. AB - Retinofugal projections in the blind cave fish A. hubbsi and in the highly visual A. mexicanus were studied with both reduced silver and autoradiographic methods. Contrary to what has been reported for other teleosts, ipsilateral, as well as the generally accepted contralateral, projections were found in A. mexicanus. Bilateral retinofugal projections were traced to the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus and area pretectalis. Contralateral projections were traced to the lateral geniculate nucleus, nucleus pretectalis, accessory optic nucleus, nucleus corticalis, nucleus opticus hypothalamicus and the superficial layers of the optic tectum (strata opticum, fibrosum and griseum superficiale, and the cellular zone of griseum centrale). Retinal efferents in the blindfish, A. hubbsi, are sparse and totally crossed. Areas receiving a retinal projection include nucleus opticus hypothalamicus, lateral geniculate and the superficial layers of the medial third of the optic tectum. Preliminary behavioral studies are described and discussed in relation to the possible visual potential of this teleost. PMID- 1244365 TI - Robust statistical methods and photochemical air pollution data. PMID- 1244366 TI - Air pollutant monitor siting by analytical techniques. PMID- 1244367 TI - Visual response to dustiness. PMID- 1244368 TI - Letter: Allenic retinals and visual pigment analogues. PMID- 1244369 TI - Letter: Micellar effects on the photochemistry of rhodopsin. PMID- 1244370 TI - Letter: Structure and synthesis of verruculotoxin, a new mycotoxin from Penicillium verruculosum Peyronel. PMID- 1244371 TI - Letter: Cooperative catalysis of the cleavage of an amide by carboxylate and phenolic groups in a carboxypeptidase A model. PMID- 1244372 TI - Letter: On the mechanism of catalysis by carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 1244373 TI - Letter: Total synthesis of (+/-)-steganacin. PMID- 1244374 TI - Letter: Berninamycin. I. The structure of berninamycinic acid. PMID- 1244375 TI - The crystal structure of ferrioxamine E. PMID- 1244376 TI - Practices and problems in HANES. Dietary data methodology. AB - Between April 1971 and June 1974, the first attempt to assess the nutritional status of the non-institutional population of the U.S. was carried out by the DHEW. The survey is known as "HANES" (U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Preliminary findings have been released, and further data are expected to be available soon. In this report, dietary collection methods, training and evaluation of interviewers, types of data collected, and data processing procedures of the survey are described, as well as some of the problems encountered. PMID- 1244377 TI - Dietary regulation of serum lipids in healthy, young adults. AB - When healthy medical students and their wives were fed a diet providing 2,375 kcal per day, 33 per cent of which was derived from fat, and received a cholesterol intake of less than 250 mg. per day, their serum cholesterol levels were significantly reduced. Differences in the change in the phospholipids of the students and their wives suggest a different response of the sexes to the diet. Since increasing the P:S ratio from 0.3 to 1.2 produced comparable lowering of serum lipids, data suggest that cholesterol intake and caloric balance are of prime importance in maintaining the level of serum cholesterol. PMID- 1244378 TI - Prevalence and awareness of hyperlipoproteinemia in physicians and their spouses. AB - A survey of the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia was conducted on physicians and their spouses. For those who were classified as having hyperlipoproteinemia, 84 to 88 per cent of the men and 94 to 96 per cent of the women were unaware that they possessed this risk factor. The implication of this lack of awareness among physician is discussed, and the need for further physician education is stressed. PMID- 1244380 TI - Computers in dietetics: state-of-the-art, 1976. PMID- 1244379 TI - Nutritive content of college meals. II. Lipids. AB - Two samples, each consisting of two breakfasts, two lunches, and two dinners as offered to college students, were collected for seven consecutive days from each of fifty colleges. Two samples of the composited meals from each college were analyzed for fat and fatty acids. The fat content of the meals averaged 125.58 gm., with a range of 96.96 to 163.74 gm. This provided an average of 42.33 per cent of total calories, (range, 36.68 to 47.67 per cent). No college served meals with as little as 35 per cent of calories derived from fat. The meals contained an average of 46.3 gm. saturated fatty acids; 48.98 gm. mono-unsaturated fatty acids, of which 48.19 gm. were oleic acid; and 18.25 gm. polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which 17.22 gm. were linoleic acid. Four fatty acids--palmitic (C-16); stearic (C-18); oleic (C-18:1); and linoleic (C-18:2)--contributed approximately 92 per cent of the total fatty acids. The average ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 0.39 (range, 0.22 to 0.69). Six colleges served meals with a P:S ratio of 0.30 or below; five colleges had a P:S ratio of 0.50 or above. PMID- 1244381 TI - Computerized hospital information systems and the department of dietetics. PMID- 1244382 TI - Case history of a hospital information system. PMID- 1244383 TI - Some cerebral proteins and enzyme systems in Alzheimer's presenile and senile dementia. AB - The water-soluble proteins of the cerebral gray matter and some enzyme systems (cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase) were studied in 9 autopsy cases of Alzheimer's presenile or senile dementia, 1 case of Pick's disease and 1 case of cerebral arteriosclerosis. The proteins and enzyme patterns were visualized on polyacrylamide gradient gels after electrophoresis. In all patients studied, the profiles of cerebral gray-matter proteins were normal. In the patients with advanced dementia, the enzyme patterns usually were abnormal. Particularly in Alzheimer's disease, the activity of malate dehydrogenase was markedly increased. PMID- 1244384 TI - A psychogeriatric assessment program. III. Clinical and experimental psychologic aspects. AB - Variables stemming from standard psychologic tests, psychophysiologic tests, and operant conditioning procedures were employed in assessing the status of 80 psychogeriatric patients with either organic brain syndromes or functional psychoses. Differences were observed in the responses between the two groups. In general, the performance of the patients with organic brain syndromes was more deviant than that of the patients with functional psychoses, and the performance of the hospitalized geriatric patients (regardless of diagnosis) was worse than that of the normal control groups. PMID- 1244385 TI - Treatment of the aging skin by dermatologic methods. AB - Adverse physiologic and biochemical changes in the aging skin are aggravated by unprotected, continuous or repeated exposure to the harmful rays of the sun. Waning hormonal activity contributes to these changes. The associated clinical entities are skin dryness, accentuation of facial lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and multiple benign or malignant growths. The skin should be protected by sunscreening and sunblocking agents. Overexposure to the sun must be avoided. Repeated applications of moisturizing creams, vegetable oils, and appropriate hormonal cosmetics may be helpful in hydrating the skin and thus improving its external appearance. Chemosurgery (peeling) and dermabrasion may reduce hyperpigmentation and fine facial lines and wrinkles. New growths can be removed by various surgical methods. Biopsy should be performed to determine the presence of a malignant lesion requiring additional x-ray therapy. PMID- 1244386 TI - Incidence of murmurs in the aging heart. AB - One hundred patients aged 60 or older were studied clinically after excluding those with cardiac enlargement, definite valvular lesions or electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. In 30 of the the 100 patients a significant systolic murmur was heard on auscultation. Phonocardiograms (PCGs), mitral echograms and pulse tracings were obtained in 28 of these 30 patients (2 had died meanwhile), and the ECGs and chest roentgenograms were reviewed. In 23 PCG patients there was an early or midsystolic murmur, best recorded at the base of the heart and often transmiteed to the apex. Mitral valve echograms and carotid and jugular pulse tracings were normal in all cases. Chest roentgenograms revealed aortic enlargement in 83 percent of the 23 patients. In the elderly with no evidence of organic heart disease, a basal systolic murmur is probably an aortic flow phenomenon caused by either moderate aortic dilatation or minimal fibrotic fusion of one or more commissures of the aortic valve. PMID- 1244387 TI - Paraesophageal hiatus hernia in the aged. AB - A review of the records of Granada Hills Hospital revealed 4 documented cases of paraesophageal hiatus hernia. One of these geriatric patients presented with incarceration of the gastric fundus, and required an emergency thoracotomy for relief. Paraesophageal hiatus hernia, unlike sliding hiatal hernia, often gives rise to acute surgical problems secondary to incarceration, obstruction, gangrene, perforation or hemorrhage. The approach to the repair operation, may be either abdominal or thoracic, dependent upon the need to correct other associated gastrointestinal pathologic lesions. Unless severe debilitating medical diseases are present, operative intervention is recommended. PMID- 1244388 TI - Gonadal shielding and collimation information for pelvic radiography in podiatric practice. PMID- 1244389 TI - A review of medications utilized for inpatient podiatric surgical service, Metropolitan Hospital, Philadelphia. PMID- 1244390 TI - Medical hypnosis: clinical applications to podiatry. PMID- 1244391 TI - Elephantiasis nostras. A case report and review of the subject. PMID- 1244392 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. A case report. PMID- 1244393 TI - Double ring toe traction device. PMID- 1244394 TI - Structural leg shortage. A case report. PMID- 1244396 TI - Podiatry in group practice. PMID- 1244395 TI - The shin splints syndrome of the lower extremity. PMID- 1244397 TI - Podiatric service in a prepaid medical and surgical plan. PMID- 1244398 TI - Determinants of a positive attitude toward retirement. AB - This research investigates the possibility that attitude toward retirement is better understood as resulting from the worker's realistic appraisal of the type of retirement experience which he can expect than as part of a general value orientation stressing the worker role. Questionnaire data collected from 70 older industrial workers indicate that workers who can expect a positive retirement experience in terms of finances, friends, social activity, and level of preparedness are likely to have a positive attitude toward retirement. No relationship was found between commitment to work and attitude toward retirement. PMID- 1244399 TI - Calendar life-span versus fission life-span of Paramecium aurelia. AB - The hypothesis that paramecia use fissions, not days, to measure length of cell life-span was investigated. Parallel cell lines were grown at 27 C and at 24 C. The daily fission rate of the cells at 24 C was lower than at 27 C. If the cells count fissions, not days, the life-span in fissions should remain unchanged, whereas the cell life-span in days should increase in the lines with reduced daily fission rate. The results showed a significant increase in cell life-span in days when the cells were cultivated for 70-100% of their life cycle at 24 C. The life-span as measured by fissions, however, remained unchanged regardless of the time of the life cycle when cells were shifted to 24 C. The data indicate that, as a model system for cellular aging, paramecia are comparable to cells which use cell doublings to measure life-span. PMID- 1244400 TI - Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on behavioral and physiological measures in elderly demented patients. AB - This study tested the effects of repeated exposures to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on psychological, electroencephalographic, and cerebral blood flow measures in 8 patients with cerebrovascular disease and 13 patients with cortical atrophy. Patients were exposed to 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute twice daily for 90 min. for 15 days. No significant changes were observed in any of the measures in either group. Level of initial functioning was not associated with change due to treatment. Results suggest that HBO has no therapeutic effect in patients with moderate to severe dementia. PMID- 1244401 TI - Visual short-term memory and aging. AB - Short-term memory (STM) functioning of young and older adults was studied in two experiments in which recall and recognition tasks were used. The stimuli consisted of simple and complex visual patterns which were subject paced (Exp. I) or paced (Exp. II). Sex and response delay were the other independent variables. Age-related decrements in visual STM were observed. They interacted in a complex manner with the other variables suggesting age-related deficits at the encoding and post-encoding but not the retrieval phases. The results were discussed with reference to the locus of age related STM deficits. PMID- 1244402 TI - Age differences in aversively motivated visual discrimination learning and retention in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Rats 3, 7, 12, and 24.5 mo. old were trained to an 11/12 correct initial response criterion on a shock-motivated light-dark discrimination. Eight days later they were retrained to the same criterion. Original learning and relearning rates were not correlated, but both decreased linearly with increasing age. Ray and Barrett (1973) recently reported that, while year-old rats made fewer avoidances than younger animals on a shock-motivated discrimination, they appeared to have learned equally well, since there were no differences in number of correct initial responses. They suggested that avoidance scores may reflect performance factors and that learning decrements with age might not occur if the correct initial response measure were used. The present study demonstrates that this is not the case; when rats as old as 24.5 mo. are tested there are clear age-related deficits in number of correct initial responses. PMID- 1244403 TI - Perceptions of onsets of young adulthood, middle age, and old age. AB - Male and female undergraduates and older community volunteers were asked their opinions as to the age of onset of young man- and womanhood, middle-age man- and womanhood, and old man- and womanhood. Data indicated that older respondents generally judged onsets of both middle and old age to occur significantly later than did young respondents and that women retarded middle- and old-age onsets, compared with men respondents. Men were generally seen as reaching transition points at a somewhat later age than women. Both sex and age of perceiver, as well as sex of the perceived, are variables in the perception of onsets of middle and old age, with onset of young adulthood a relatively fixed age for all respondents. The results were not considered compatible with interpretation of sex differences in stage onsets based upon sex-related occupational-role discontinuities. PMID- 1244404 TI - Auditory temporal summation in presbycusis and noise exposure. AB - Threshold-duration functions were obtained at 250, 1000, and 4999 Hz by Brief Tone Bekesy Audiometry. Results for an older group (51-57 yrs.) with no otological abnormalities showed the presence of depressed threshold-duration functions with a decreased constant of temporal summation when compared to a young normative group. The effect is frequency dependent and is most pronounced at 4000 Hz. The older group, divided into noise exposed and non-noise exposed subsamples, showed identical threshold-duration functions and resembled those for a young noise exposed group. Auditory temporal summation appears to be affected by the neuorphysiological disturbances of presbycusis and at least from 51 to 57 years is independent of noise exposure. PMID- 1244405 TI - Aging and effect of physical-mental practice upon acquisition and retention of a motor skill. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of physical-mental practice upon two age groups (65-79 and 80-100) in the acquisition and retention of a motor skill. The subjects (140) were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: physical practice, one-half physical practice, physical mental practice, or a control group engaging in no practice. Eight trials of 15 sec. each on a pursuit rotor were administered prior to and imme-iately following the practice conditions and 8 weeks later. Analyses of data indicated that for both age groups physical-mental practice was as effective as any other type of physical practice. PMID- 1244406 TI - Reduction of adolescent misperceptions of the aged. AB - Forty adolescent girls simulated the responses of an elderly woman on Jackson's Personality Research Form (PRF, Form A) in pre-test and were then randomly assigned to one of four training conditions involving items of PRF Form B. In Specific training, feedback information of the actual self-endorsements of 10 elderly women was given with regard to the three PRF scales which showed largest misperceptions during pre-test simulation; under General Training, feedback information was given with regard to all PRF scales; two further conditions (No Feedback Training, No Training) served as controls. Training was partially effective. Increased accuracy of perception was observed during post-test for the most misperceived personality dimension (dominance) both immediately after specific training and after 2 weeks in a delayed post-test. PMID- 1244407 TI - Feedback effects on spatial egocentrism in old age. AB - In literature on egocentrism, a decline in the ability to decenter with advanced age is indicated. In the present study, the extent to which perspective-taking feedback and practice reduce the egocentric performance of elderly individuals was examined. Eighteen men (X = 68.9 years, sd. = 7.14) and 18 women (X x 72.4 years, sd. = 3.65) were each assigned to one of three treatment conditions: feedback, practice, or control. Either immediately or 2 weeks after training, subjects were post-tested on measures of spatial egocentrism, fluid intelligence, perceptual speed, and volume conservation. The effect of perspective-taking feedback was to improve scores on the spatial egocentrism task, but this influence did not directly generalize to the other ability measures. Emphasis was placed on the importance of enviromental/experiential variables in the acquistion and maintenance of cognitive abilities in old age. PMID- 1244408 TI - A morphometric study of age-dependent changes in mitochondrial population of mouse liver and heart. AB - Mitochondria in sections of liver and heart (wall of left ventricle) from C57BL/6J mice, 8, 30 and 43 to 44 mo. old, were analyzed, using sterological techniques. The mitochondrial volume density decreased with age in both tissues: in liver the value estimated as 43 to 44 mo. of age was 65% the value estimated at 8 mo. of age; in the heart the 43 to 44 mo. value was 84% of the 8-mo. value. In both tissues, the decrease in mitochondrial volume density was the result of a decrease in the mitochondrial numerical density; the average volume of the mitochondrion remained constant throughout life. PMID- 1244409 TI - Psychological and social correlates of life satisfaction as a function of residential constraint. AB - Two questions were addressed in the present study: Do residential setting of varying levels of constraint influence life satisfaction? Do such settings involve different correlates of life satisfaction? A total of 129 male and female ambulatory residents were surveyed in settings of high and low constraint on the following measures: life, satisfaction, developmental task resolution, self acceptance, perceived autonomy, activity level, health and educational level. Stepwise regression, covariance, and t-test analyses indicated: (1) life satisfaction and developmental task accomplishment were greater in the lower constraining setting; (2) the selected correlates resulted in multiple correlations of .675 and .590 with satisfaction; (3) differing sets of correlates significantly predicted satisfaction in each setting; health the most important in the high constraining setting and perceived autonomy and self-concept important to the low constraining setting; (4) developmental task success significantly predicted satisfaction in both settings. PMID- 1244410 TI - Remarriage probability after widowhood: a retrospective method. AB - A technique was devised to estimate age specific remarriage probabilities for newly widowed persons utilizing North Carolina marriage certificates plus informatiom from the 1970 U. S. Census. Remarriage probabilities are very high for persons widowed before age 35. Remarriage probabilities decrease faster for widows than widowers. Less than one-fourth of men widowed after age 65 ever remarry. Less than 5% of women widowed after age 55 ever remarry. Age specific intervals to remarriage were also calculated. Men remarry more quickly than women. The median interval to remarriage was 1.7 years for men and 3.5 years for women. PMID- 1244411 TI - Hypothyroidism in infancy. PMID- 1244412 TI - Influence of red cell oxygen affinity and physical properties on oxygen exchange. PMID- 1244413 TI - Respiratory variations in the vectorcardiogram due to changes in thorax dimensions. PMID- 1244414 TI - Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and tissue oxygen delivery. PMID- 1244415 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte trapping by a passenger virus in murine ascitic tumors: characterization of lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) as the inhibitory component and analysis of the mechanism of inhibition. AB - Cell-free fluid from several ascites promoting tumors inhibits lymphocyte trapping. Lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV), a common passenger virus in many mouse tumors, was found to be a trapping inhibitor component in these fluids. Procedures used to eliminate infective LDV, such as dilution, passage of the tumor through irradiated rats, ether fractionation, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation abolished the trapping inhibitory capacity of the fluids. LDV, dissociated from tumors, was inhibitory. Lymph nodes in mice with acute, but not chronic, LDV infections were inhibited from trapping. LDV does not appear to inhibit the capacity of circulating cells to be trapped, and as measured by mitogen responsiveness, the virus does not directly interfere with T-cell function. LDV may inhibit trapping by indirectly affecting the T cell or directly affecting the macrophage in which it replicates. The known characteristics of LDV infection may explain a number of reported immunosuppressive attributes of tumor associated ascitic fluids. PMID- 1244416 TI - Immunologic properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). III. Genetic linkage between the in vitro mitogenic and in vivo adjuvant properties of LPS. AB - The mechanism was investigated underlying the activity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant of antibody formation as assessed by its capacity to modulate the induction of tolerance in mice to the antigen human Ig G (HGG) into a state of immunity to HGG. The adjuvant activity of LPS was found to be closely correlated with its ability to function as a B-cell mitogen. This correlation was revealed by an analysis of the genetic control of the mitogenic and adjuvant properties of LPS utilizing the refractory state inherent in the C3H/HeJ mouse strain to these activities of LPS. Thus, mice that were the progeny of a backcross between the nonresponder C3H/JeJ parent and the responder (C3H/HeJ X CWB) F1 hybrid were individually typed for responsiveness to LPS, as an adjuvant and as a B-cell mitogen. It was found that LPS interfered with tolerance induction to HGG in vivo only in those backcross progeny whose spleen cells were also capable of responding mitogenically to LPS in vitro, demonstrating that the adjuvant and B-cell mitogenic properties of LPS are genetically linked. In contrast, these properties were observed to segregate independently from either H 2 or heavy chain allotype loci, and were not sex linked. These results are compatible with the concepts that, in this system, (a) the cellular site of action of LPS as an adjuvant is confined to B cells, and (b) the subcellular mode of action of LPS as an adjuvant may involve the delivery of a "signal" to B cells which is a stimulus for mitogenesis. PMID- 1244417 TI - Lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte recirculation in the sheep fetus. AB - The production and the circulation of lymphocytes has been examined in the sheep fetus where neither foreign antigen nor immunoglobulins occur. It was found that as the lymphoid organs increased in size during fetal life, the numbers and the output of lymphocytes in the thoracic duct lymph increased. The recirculating pool of lymphocytes was estimated to be 5.5 +/- 1.5 X 10(8) cells in fetal lambs 95-100 days of age, 5.7 +/- 1.2 X 10(9) cells in fetuses 130-135 days of age, and 1.2 +/0 9.3 X 10(10) cells in fetuses near to term. The rate of addition of lymphocytes to the recirculating pool was 3.2 +/- 1.9 X 10(6) cells/h in fetuses of 100 days and 3.4 +/- 0.9 X 10(7) cells/h in fetuses of 130 days of age. Lymphocytes recirculated from blood to lymph in fetuses; labeled cells injected into the blood stream reappeared in the thoracic duct lymph promptly and reached maximum levels around 12-18 h after they were injected. Labeled lymphocytes were detected subsequently in greatest numbers in the lymph nodes, particularly in the mesenteric lymph nodes and in the interfollicular areas of the Peyer's patches. Chronic drainage of thoracic duct lymph from fetuses in utero for periods of up to 36 days had no obvious effects on the growth or development of the fetus and only minimal effects on the content of lymphocytes in the various lymphoid tissues even though the number of cells in the blood and lymph were reduced to between 20-30% of normal levels. Thymectomy done in fetuses about 2 mo befor cannulation of the thoracic duct reduced the output of cells in the thoracic duct to about 25% of normal levels and caused a significant reduction in the content of lymphocytes in the various lymphoid tissues. Thymectomized fetal lambs subjected to thoracic duct drainage for periods up to 2 wk in utero had a similar complement of lymphocytes in their lymphoid tissues to intact thymectomized fetal lambs. Lymphocytes obtained from the thoracic duct lymph of lambs thymectomized 2 mo previously recirculated from blood to lymph when they were injected intravenously, although they did this at a significantly slower rate than did lymphocytes from normal lambs. PMID- 1244418 TI - Immunosuppressive activity of a subline of the mouse EL-4 lymphoma. Evidence for minute virus of mice causing the inhibition. AB - Filtered culture fluids from the early in vitro passages of a subline of the C57BL/6 mouse EL-4 lymphoma, EL-4(G-), were strongly inhibitory for BABL/c vs. C57BL/6 mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The inhibitory activity could be preserved by storage at -75 degrees C or 4 degrees C, thus allowing its further characterization. The inhibitory factor was particulate (nondialyzable, sedimentable at 100,000 g for 1 h), very small (recovered after 0.10 mum filtration), sensitive to UV irradiation, but heat stable (56 degrees C, 1 h) and resistant to chloroform. It was infectious, since later, noninhibitory passages of EL-4(G-) tissue culture cells became strongly inhibitory upon inoculation with the culture fluid. This data was consistent with the inhibitory factor being an infectious virus. Virus analysis by mouse antibody production tests revealed that viruses were indeed present in EL-4(G-) ascites cells and in the culture fluid, and not in a late passage of EL-4(G-) tissue culture cells which were not inhibitory. Neutralization of the inhibitory factor was achieved by pretreatment with ascitic fluid or with the sera raised against those (EL-4(G-)-derived materials which contained viruses. Mouse reference immune sera against minute virus of mice (MVM) completely neutralized the inhibitory factor in the culture fluid or in EL-4(G-) ascites cells. Two prototype MVM strains, and one Kilham rat virus preparation, did not inhibit the mouse MLC. Thus, the possibility exists that a variant of MVM, or an unidentified virus, has been grown and selected for in EL-4(G-) cells and recognized, due to its immunosuppressive characteristics. In any event, immunosuppression by EL-4(G-) cells was not mediated by the tumor cells, their metabolic products, or associated endogenous type C viruses, but by an exogenous virus, most likely a variant MVM with immunosuppressive characteristics. This adds weight to a parallel observation from our laboratory on the immunosuppressive effects of Kilham rat virus in rat lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 1244419 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis of trinitrophenyl-modified autologous lymphocytes. Confirmation of genetic control of response to trinitrophenyl-modified H-2 antigens by the use of anti-H-2 and anti-Ia antibodies. AB - Splenic lymphocytes from B10.A and B10.D2 mice were sensitized in vitro to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous spleen cells. The effector cells generated were assayed in a 51Cr-release assay on TNP-modified syngeneic or congenic spleen target cells. Effector cells from B10.A donors lysed TNP-modified H-2Kk- but not H-2Dd-region products, whereas B10.D2 effectors reacted with modified products of both the H-2Kd and H-2Dd regions. As an independent confirmation that this selective K-end lysis by B10.A effector cells is due to an H-2-linked responder cell defect (4), anti-H-2Kk but not anti-H-2Dd sera were shown to inhibit the lysis of B10.A-TNP targets by B10.A effectors. In contrast, anti-H-2Dd sera inhibited the lysis of B10.A-TNP targets by B10.D2 effectors. Anti-Ia antibodies had no detectable effect on lysis. Anti-TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin sera blocked the lysis of TNP-modified targets, irrespective of whether the effector cells were directed against TNP-modified autologous H-2 products or H-2 alloantigens. These results independently verify that B10. A responding lymphocytes do not generate effector cells to TNP-modified H-2Dd products, whereas B10.D2 lymphocytes do (4), and suggest that some TNP groups are sterically close to (or part of) the serologically defined H-2K- and H-2D-region antigens. PMID- 1244420 TI - Differential effects of chlorpromazine on the in vitro generation and effector function of cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - Allograft rejection represents a cytotoxic response mediated to a large degree by thymus-derived T lymphocytes (1). The study of such cell-mediated cytotoxic phenomena has been greatly facilitated by the discovery first noted by Hayry and Defendi (2) and Wunderlich and Cany (3), that a natural consequence of allogeneic stimulation in an unidirectional mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was the appearance of cytotoxic lymphocytes specific for antigens present on the stimulator cells. Subsequent studies have shown that such in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes was dependent on the proliferative response in an MLC (4), was genetically determined (5), and possibly required the interaction of several subpopulations of T cells (6). We now report that the surface active agent chlorpromazine: (a) inhibits allogeneic stimulation of the proliferative response in an MLC; (b) inhibits the MLC generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, (c) has no effect on the recognition, binding, or lysis of target cells by already sensitized lymphocytes; and (d) blocks a postproliferative membrane-mediated event, independent of proliferation, and necessary for the MLC generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 1244421 TI - A common cell-type specific surface antigen in cultured human glial cells and fibroblasts: loss in malignant cells. AB - Fibroblast surface antigen (SFA) is a high molecular weight protein antigen, first shown on the surface of cultured fibroblasts in fibrillar structures. It is shed to the extracellular medium and also present in the circulation (serum and plasma). Fibroblasts transformed by tumor viruses produce SFA but do not retain it on cell surface. In this report we show that SFA is also present in cultured nonestablished astroglial cells. The glial and fibroblast SFAs are immunologically indistinguishable. Glial cells (three different nonestablished lines) contain more SFA per milligram cellular protein than fibroblasts. SFA was located on cell surface in fibrillar striae that frequently extended out from the cell body. Fluorescence was also found intracellularly in the cytoplasm. Malignant gliomas (astrocytomas) established to grow in culture from human tumor material produced SFA into the growth medium but had very little (lines U-105 MG and U-343 MG) or no detectable (lines U-118 MG, U-251 MG, and U-343 MG-a) cell surface SFA. In cultures of the glioma cells many cells, in particular those that appeared to be in the telophase stage, stained strongly positive for intracellular cytoplasmic SFA. These data demonstrate that similar to fibroblasts transformed experimentally by oncogenic viruses, cells grown from naturally occurring human tumors (glioblastomas) produce SFA but lose ability to retain it on cell surface. PMID- 1244423 TI - Editorial: The neurosurgeon's responsibility for organ procurement. PMID- 1244422 TI - Studies on the role of the host immune response in recovery from Friend virus leukemia. I. Antiviral and antileukemia cell antibodies. AB - The humoral immune response to Friend virus leukemia was studied in congenic F1 mice differing in their incidence of recovery from leukemia. Antiviral neutralizing antibodies rose in titer in vivo concurrently with disappearance of viremia and fall in spleen virus levels. Cytotoxic antileukemia cell antibodies also appeared at this time. Passive transfer of these antibodies could inactivate low numbers of leukemia cells in vivo; however, mice of both high and low recovery genotypes produced antibodies in equal titer and recovered from viral infection in spite of striking differences in recovery from leukemic splenomegaly. Mice lacking C57BL genes did not produce antibodies or recover from viremia except in rare instances. Recovery from splenomegaly was found to be influenced by three or more C57BL genes independent of the H-2 complex. PMID- 1244425 TI - Intracranial epithelial cysts. Report of two cases. AB - The authors report two cases with large unilocular intracerebral epithelial cysts. Diagnosis was facilitated in both patients by computerized tomography (EMI scanner). The clinical and diagnostic aspects of previously reported cases are reviewed, and the etiology and pathogenesis of these cysts discussed. PMID- 1244424 TI - Aneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery causing sciatic pain. Case report. AB - The authors describe a case with sciatic pain caused by a large extrapelvic aneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery. Differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 1244426 TI - Perforation of the skull by a Gardner-Wells tong. Case report. PMID- 1244427 TI - A simple test of shunt function: the shuntgram. Technical note. PMID- 1244428 TI - Muslin gauze in intracranial vascular surgery. Technical note. PMID- 1244429 TI - Letter: Neuroepithelial cysts. PMID- 1244430 TI - Letter: VP and VA shunts compared. PMID- 1244431 TI - Medical modification of sensation. AB - The authors describe the sensory examinations of 3 patients who had undergone cervical rhizotomy alone and in combination with trigeminal tractotomy and section of the nervus intermedius, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the upper portion of the vagus nerve. Following administration of L-dopa there was an increase in their pain and a decrease in the area of clinically anesthetic or analgesic skin. When methyldopa was given, the subjective and objective changes were the opposite of those elicited by L-dopa. These observations support the existence of a wider dorsal root cutaneous distribution than is usually accepted as well as significant control of cutaneous sensation by suprasegmental areas of the central nervous system. Part of the suprasegmental bias supplied to the area in the spinal cord that processes sensory information apparently occurs by way of an aminergic descending reticulospinal tract. These findings are discussed in terms of attempts totally to denervate restricted cutaneous areas of the body for treatment of pain-producing states. PMID- 1244432 TI - Monitoring optic nerve function during craniotomy. AB - During surgical removal of a pituitary adenoma, conduction in the anterior visual pathways was monitored by continuous recording of visual evoked responses (VER). The method employed a scleral contact lens with an embedded flashing diode for delivery of visual stimuli. Evoked potentials of nearly normal latency, amplitude, and form were recorded from occipital scalp electrodes immediately after the optic nerves were decompressed. Restoration of the VER was correlated with restoration of normal vision. PMID- 1244433 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid creatine phosphokinase in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The author measured the level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in 35 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 30 patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, and correlations were sought with 17 other clinical and laboratory parameters. Elevations of CSF CPK have no diagnostic specificity. However, they do dhow a statistically significant correlation with the existence of any destructive process in cerebral tissue (hydrocephalus, infarction, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, or intraventricular clot). Yet arterial spasm without infarction does not raise the CSF CPK level. During the preoperative management of ruptured aneurysms and vascular malformations, a significant elevation of the CSF CPK level can thus provide a clue to the presence or significance of one or more of these destructive processes. PMID- 1244434 TI - Anatomical features of the straight sinus and its tributaries. AB - The authors report a variety of arrangements of the venous channels comprising the straight sinus (sinus rectus) and its connections during a continuing study of the cerebral sinuses and their tributaries. In approximately 85% of 131 specimens of dura mater with enclosed venous sinuses derived from fresh cadavers, the straight sinus was represented by a single midline tentorial channel whereas in the remaining 15%, segments of it were doubled and in a few, tripled. In addition to these aberrations in the development of the main trunk of this sinus, the venous patterns at the junctions of the inferior sagittal sinus, vein of Galen and straight sinus showed comparable developmental inconstancies. Also in no specimens were the patterns of venous channels in the leaves of the tentorium cerebelli alike. The course, size, and connections of all the tributaries of the straight sinus have been studied and consideration given to their potentials as collateral pathways in the event either the vein of Galen or the straight sinus itself were occluded. PMID- 1244435 TI - Management of depressed skull fracture in the newborn. AB - The authors describe 3 cases of neonatal depressed skull fracture subsequent to difficult delivery, treated without surgical elevation. None of the patients developed neurological deficits, cosmetic deformity or electroencephalographic signs of epileptiform activity. Neonatal depressed skull fractures not associated with focal neurological signs may not require surgical therapy; we are not certain what the absolute criteria for operation should be. PMID- 1244436 TI - Vertebral hydatid disease. Clinical experience with 27 cases. AB - The authors present 27 cases of vertebral hydatidosis with clinical and laboratory findings. The most frequent location of the lesion was the lumbar spine. Principal neurological symptoms were paraparesis, sphincter disturbances, paresthesia and paraplegia. The average number of surgical interventions per patient was 2.6; the most common procedure was laminectomy with extirpation of the cyst and surgical toilet. The results of surgical treatment were generally good in the immediate postoperative period, but long-term results were poor. PMID- 1244437 TI - Spontaneous cerebral revascularization in a patient with STA-MCA anastomosis. Case report. PMID- 1244438 TI - Intracranial ectopic pituitary adenoma. Case report. AB - The authors report a unique case of ectopic intracranial pituitary adenoma, associated clinically with generalized seizures and aggressive behavior. The lesion presumably arose from cells in the pars tuberalis and did not involve the sella turcica. PMID- 1244439 TI - Evaluation of the posterior flow study in brain scintigraphy. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of the posterior cerebral flow study, a prospective study was instituted. Of 32 adult patients examined for presumed posterior disease, 17 were found to have a positive posterior flow study that yielded information not available from the anterior study. Indications for posterior flow studies include posterior parietal, occipital, and posterior fossa tumors, posteriorly located arteriovenous malformations, Paget's disease involving occipital bone, posterior cerebral infarcts, and sagittal sinus occlusions. Our experience indicates that the posterior flow study is a valuable adjunct in those patients carefully screened for suspected posterior cerebral disease. PMID- 1244440 TI - Differentiation between malignant and benign solitary thyroid nodules by fluorescent scanning. AB - A quantitative fluorescent technique has been developed for making in vivo iodine content determinations of the total thyroid gland or of selected parts. In solitary thyroid nodules "cold" to radionuclide studies, the ratio of iodine content in the nodule to that in a corresponding area of the contralateral lobe has proven to be a good indicator of malignancy. In a preliminary study of 42 surgical patients, an iodine content ratio (ICR) below 0.60 (chosen a posteriori) proved to be an excellent indication of malignancy with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity (predictive value) of 79%, and an overall accuracy of 90%. Further definitive studies are needed to verify these preliminary observations. PMID- 1244442 TI - Vertebral artery fistula detected by radionuclide angiography: case report. AB - A vertebral artery fistula was detected as increased neck vessel activity by rapid-sequential scintigraphy. PMID- 1244441 TI - Thyroid carcinoma presenting as a pertechnetate "hot" nodule, but without 131I uptake: case report. AB - A 24-year-old woman presented with a mass on the right side of the neck; this proved to be a hyperfunctioning or "hot" nodule on pertechnetate scan. Because of the firmness of the area, the study was repeated with 131I, but the region did not accumulate radioiodide. The tissue showing this discrepant handling of pertechnetate and radioiodide was surgically removed and identified as a follicular carcinoma with papillary foci. A brief review of the literature data on the disassociation of thyroid trapping and organification functions, and hence of possible discrepancies between pertechnetate and radioiodide uptake, is given. PMID- 1244443 TI - Abnormal radionuclide angiogram in cervical lymphadenitis: case report. AB - We have observed increased activity over the neck on radionuclide angiograms of two patients with cervical lymphadenitis. This incidental findings should not be confused with other causes of locally increased perfusion. PMID- 1244444 TI - False-positive liver scan in a patient with hepatic amyloidosis: case report. AB - A case of secondary hepatic amyloidosis exhibiting a large liver and multiple defects on the radiocolloid scintigraph is presented. Biopsy and angiographic studies indicated that the areas of reduced colloid uptake represented heavy amyloid deposition, and the area of the left lobe with contrasting high activity most probably represented compensatory hypertrophy. PMID- 1244445 TI - Technetium-99m-pyridoxylideneglutamate, a new agent for gallbladder imaging: comparison with 131I-rose bengal. AB - Two agents used for hepatobiliary studies, 131I-rose bengal and 99mTc pyridoxylideneglutamate, have been compared in rabbits. The 99mTc radiopharmaceutical is rapidly cleared from the blood by the liver and rapidly excreted through the common bile duct into the duodenum. Because of its rapid removal from the liver, visualization of the gallbladder and biliary passages was obtained within 15 min after injection in experimental animals. PMID- 1244446 TI - In vivo behavior of 99mTc-fibrinogen and its potential as a thrombus-imaging agent. AB - We have investigated the in vivo behavior of 99mTc-fibrinogen, prepared by a mild and efficient electrolytic method employing tin electrodes. The clearance mechanisms of this agent were studied, and its efficacy for imaging deep-vein thrombi in dogs with an Anger camera was determined. The 99mTc-fibrinogen preparations, which are stable in vitro, undergo partial rapid exchange of the technetium with other plasma proteins and with anions of the blood buffer system in vivo, resulting in an early drop in the percent of radioactivity associated with clottable protein. However, very little or no oxidation to pertechnetate occurs. The nonclottable material is much more rapidly cleared from the blood than the remaining 99mTc-fibrinogen, and the proportion of clottable protein activity increases with time. The fraction of 99mTc-fibrinogen that remains intact in vivo is biologically active and will incorporate into thrombi. Higher thrombus-to-blood activity ratios are obtained with 99mTc-fibrinogen than with radioidinated fibrinogen when both agents are injected into dogs 4 hr after induction of femoral vein thrombosis. Clearly delineated images of the thrombi are obtained, beginning about 2.5 hr after injection. Thus, 99mTc-fibrinogen may be of clinical use as a thrombus-imaging agent in patients under-going active thrombosis, especially in regions of high blood pool. PMID- 1244447 TI - Technetium-99m-human serum albumin: evaluation of a commercially produced kit. AB - Results are reported on the use of a commercial kit for the labeling of human serum albumin with 99mTc. One-hour blood levels obtained in 20 subjects undergoing gated cardiac imaging were found to be 46.0 +/- 10.5% (s.d.) of the administered dose. The highest labeling efficiencies (94.2 +/- 9.3%) were obtained when human serum albumin 25% (salt-poor) was used. Satisfactory nuclear cardiac ventriculographic images were obtained in patients receiving the radiopharmaceutical when the labeling efficiency was at least 85%. Occasional batches were milky in appearance, contained black particulate matter, were acidic, or contained a high percentage of unbound 99mTc activity. Although this kit makes 99mTc-human serum albumin accessible to most nuclear medicine facilities for general clinical use, an active quality control program is required prior to use in patients. PMID- 1244448 TI - Optimized collimators for scintillation cameras. AB - The use of commerically available tantalum or lead tubes permits convenient fabrication of collimators optimized for specific imaging studies. PMID- 1244449 TI - Unreliability of combined pneumoencephalography and scinticisternography. AB - Evidence is presented that the radiopharmaceutical flow in cerebrospinal fluid may be significantly altered by pneumoencephalography. When both pneumoencephalography and scinticisternography are required in the same patient, the studies should be performed separately rather than as a combined procedure. PMID- 1244450 TI - Labeling of tin-soaked albumin microspheres with 68Ga. AB - A method is described for the labeling of tin-soaked human serum albumin microspheres with 68Ga. The radionuclide is a short-lived (T 1/2 = 68 min) generator product and a positron emitter; the labeled particles may be used for perfusion studies with a positron camera. The labeling procedure requires 40 min after elution of the 68Ga generator and provides a labeling efficiency of 90 +/- 5%. The in vivo stability of the particles was determined in a series of animal experiments which showed little washout of lung activity over a 2-hr period. PMID- 1244451 TI - Transient brain scan abnormalities in renal dialysis patients. AB - Two patients on chronic renal hemodialysis developed acute neurologic symptoms and unusual brain scan findings, including very prominent cranial sinuses. Symptoms and scan abnormalities reverted to normal within a few days. The possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 1244452 TI - Alteration of the cerebral bloodflow study due to reflux in internal jugular veins. AB - This paper considers abnormalities of flow patterns in the flow patterns in the cervical vasculature due to varying degrees of jugular venous reflux, and their influence on cerebral bloodflow studies. Two commonly encountered patterns are described. In the first group, the abnormal flow study resulted from reflux of the activity in the left internal jugular vein. In the second group, the observed abnormality resulted from reflux of the activity in the left internal jugular vein, followed by flow into the contralateral jugular vein, most probably through the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. PMID- 1244454 TI - MIRD/Dose Estimate Report No. 8. Summary of current radiation dose estimates to normal humans from 99mTc as sodium pertechnetate. PMID- 1244453 TI - Infusion cisternography. AB - A source of error in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion tests is leakage at the dural puncture site. The addition of a bolus of radionuclide to the infusion fluid was helpful in detecting the existence of leakage as shown by increased infusion pressure in six of eight patients studied with and without scintigraphic evidence of leakage. Comparison of CSF dynamics in 26 patients studied by infusion cisternography and conventional cisternography showed similar patterns, suggesting no alteration of CSF dynamics by the artificial CSF infusion. Combining the two tests, therefore, resulted in simple identification of the leakage and saved the patient time and discomfort. PMID- 1244455 TI - Cervical venous reflux in dynamic brain scintigraphy. AB - Cervical venous reflux, shown by dynamic brain scintigraphy, was investigated through three avenues of approach: (A) by reviewing 371 randomly chosen routine dynamic intracerebral bloodflow studies to estimate its incidence; (B) by correlative positive-contrast superior venacavography in patients with characteristic cervical venous reflux; and (C) by performing dynamic brain scintigraphy while utilizing various positional and physiologic maneuvers to attempt to produce cervical venous reflux in patients who did not exhibit this phenomenon on earlier examination. Although any obstruction of the superior vena cava or a properly timed Valsalva maneuver in selected patients can produce the scintigraphic picture of cervical venous reflux, in most cases it is a normal phenomenon due to incompetent or absent cervical venous valves. PMID- 1244456 TI - A new synthesis of L-2-amino-3-oxyalylaminopropionic acid, the Lathyrus sativus neurotoxin. PMID- 1244457 TI - Micellar effects on the hydrolysis of p-nitrobenzoyl choline and the related N hexadecyl ester. PMID- 1244458 TI - Spectral and chemical characterization of fungal metabolite LL-N313. PMID- 1244459 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of hydroxy steroids. PMID- 1244460 TI - Reactions of alpha-ketols and other 21-hydroxy steroids with phosgene. IV. Formation of 20-chloro-17,20-cyclic carbonates from 17 alpha-hydroxy-20-ones. PMID- 1244461 TI - Nucleosides. XCIV. Synthesis of some C nucleosides by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to 3-(ribofuranosyl) propiolates. PMID- 1244462 TI - A clinical experience of major multiple trauma in Maryland. PMID- 1244463 TI - Attitudinal survey of adolescents towards epileptics of the same age group, part 1: Awareness and knowledgeability of the epileptic condition. PMID- 1244464 TI - Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease: fate of patients admitted to an acute medical service. PMID- 1244465 TI - Ambulance and hospital communications: thoughts and comments. PMID- 1244466 TI - The role of hemodynamic monitoring in the care of patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1244467 TI - Radiological case of the month. Case history. PMID- 1244469 TI - Oxolinic acid. PMID- 1244468 TI - Nuclear medicine case of the month. Case history. PMID- 1244470 TI - "Due process" in hospital peer review. PMID- 1244471 TI - Editorial: Happy New Year and a lifetime of journals. PMID- 1244472 TI - Sounding board. Improving the public's health--some further reflections. PMID- 1244473 TI - Committee on Maternal Welfare. Stillbirth in prolonged pregnancy. PMID- 1244474 TI - Letter: Limulus test. PMID- 1244475 TI - Letter: Serum immunoglobulins in idiopathic minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1244476 TI - Letter: Methotrexate in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1244477 TI - Letter: "Hot-watch syndrome". PMID- 1244478 TI - Letter: Follow-up of children treated with 131-I. PMID- 1244479 TI - Letter: Cervical hums and bruits. PMID- 1244480 TI - Letter: Diabetes insipidus and drinking alcohol. PMID- 1244481 TI - Letter: Teen-age alcoholism and drug abuse. PMID- 1244482 TI - Letter: Blood for transfusion--not research. PMID- 1244483 TI - Letter: Bran: roughage that's rough on iron. PMID- 1244484 TI - Letter: Mental hospitals and prisons. PMID- 1244486 TI - Letter: "Primary" vs. "total" care. PMID- 1244485 TI - Letter: Physician, heal thyself. PMID- 1244487 TI - Letter: Medical journals--how to read but not preserve them. PMID- 1244488 TI - Letter: Locating scientific translations. PMID- 1244490 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 2-1976. PMID- 1244489 TI - Alcohol metabolism in American Indians and whites. Lack of racial differences in metabolic rate and liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - To investigate alleged racial differences in alcohol tolerance, we measured the rate of ethanol metabolism in 30 American Indians and 30 whites. The mean rates of alcohol metabolism were virtually identical in the two groups: 92 +/- 3 mg of ethanol metabolized per kilogram of body weight per hour for the Indians versus 93 +/- 3 for the whites (mean +/- S.E.M.). Similarly, a comparison of liver alcohol dehydrogenase specific activity and isoenzyme pattern in biopsy specimens from seven American Indians and six whites revealed no racial differences. Biopsy specimens from the Indians demonstrated a mean specific enzymatic activity of 0.073 +/- 0.004 mumoles of ethanol oxidized per minute per milligram of soluble protein and from the whites, 0.082 +/- 0.009. These findings make it unlikely that alleged racial differences in response to alcohol can be explained on the basis of racial differences in the rate of alcohol metabolism. PMID- 1244491 TI - Editorial: Relaxation, autonomic control and hypertension. PMID- 1244492 TI - Editorial: "London edition" of Journal now American but still European. PMID- 1244493 TI - Letter: Serum lysozyme levels in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1244494 TI - Letter: Anion gap and myeloma. PMID- 1244495 TI - Letter: Levamisole in sarcoidosis. PMID- 1244496 TI - Letter: Reactions to rifampin. PMID- 1244497 TI - Letter: Dopamine gangrene. PMID- 1244498 TI - Letter: Marathon vs. distance running. PMID- 1244499 TI - Letter: Rheumatology for clinicians. PMID- 1244500 TI - Letter: Hazards of ultraviolet light. PMID- 1244501 TI - Letter: Single-dose ampoules, undertreatment and low-dose heparin prophylaxis. PMID- 1244502 TI - Letter: Facial flushing is not blushing. PMID- 1244503 TI - Letter: Unrefined carbohydrate diet and weight. PMID- 1244505 TI - The cost of fetal research: ethical considerations. AB - The purpose of this essay is to examine some ethical and legal aspects of nontherapeutic experimentation with living human fetuses, especially in the context of abortion. Key questions about such research subjects are the status of the fetus, the problem of consent, and the relations between means and ends. The case for considering the fetus a member of the human community, and therefore as endowed with certain rights, is based upon an appeal for consistency with the general evaluation of fetal life. Secondly, consent for nontherapeutic procedures cannot be based upon the analogy of parental rights, and, with rare exceptions, cannot be justified on any other grounds. Thirdly, both humanistic and religious traditions would object to nontherapeutic research with such subjects on the ground that a human being should never be a mere means to the needs of others. The conclusion, therefore, is that such experimentation with living human fetuses is morally unjustifiable. PMID- 1244504 TI - Psychotherapeutic control of hypertension. AB - We conducted a six-month trial to determine the effect of psychologic relaxation on blood pressure. Alterations of peripheral sympathetic-nervous-system activity, as reflected by changes of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in plasma, were evaluated, and plasma volume and plasma renin activity were measured. Treated patients exhibited significant (P less than 0.05) reductions of blood pressure when supine and upright, and of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity, and furosemide stimulated renin activity when upright. Blood-pressure changes after six months correlated best with differences in plasma activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase with patients supine (r = 0.54; P less than 0.05) and upright (r = 0.62; P less than 0.05). These results suggest that reduction of peripheral adrenergic activity contributes importantly to the improvement of hypertension observed with this form of therapy. Furthermore, the decrease of furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activity suggests that alterations of the renin-angiotensin system may help lower blood pressure in certain patients. PMID- 1244506 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher. To err is human. PMID- 1244507 TI - Subacute effects of heavy marihuana smoking on pulmonary function in healthy men. AB - To evaluate the subacute effects of heavy marihuana smoking on the lung, pulmonary function was tested in 28 healthy young male experienced cannabis users, before and after 47 to 59 days of daily ad-libitum marihuana smoking (mean of 5.2 marihuana cigarettes per day per subject, 2.2 per cent delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol). Base-line pulmonary-function studies were nearly all within normal limits, but after 47 to 59 days of heavy smoking, statistically significant decreases in forced expired volume in one second (3 +/- 1 per cent, S.E.), maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (11 +/- 2 per cent), plethysmographic specific airway conductance (16 +/- 2 per cent) and diffusing capacity (8 +/- 2 per cent) were noted as compared with the base-line studies. The decreases in maximal mid-expiratory flow rate and specific airway conductance were correlated with the quantity of marihuana smoked. These findings suggest that customary social use of marihuana may not result in detectable functional respiratory impairment in healthy young men, whereas very heavy marihuana smoking for six to eight weeks causes mild but statistically significant airway obstruction. PMID- 1244508 TI - Cancer incidence in Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah, 1966-1970. AB - Between 1950 and 1969 cancer mortality in white Utah residents was 22 per cent less than that in the entire United States population. The religion of 72 per cent of the State residents (Mormon) proscribes use of tobacco and alcohol. We therefore analyzed the 10,641 cases of cancer identified in Utah from 1966 to 1970 and compared the incidence found in Utah Mormons, in Utah non-Mormons, and in a national survey. Comparison of Utah Mormons with non-Mormons showed that Mormons had a lower incidence of all cancers associated with cigarette smoking (P less than 0.00001). Mormon females had a low incidence of cancer of the breast (P = 0.008), uterine cervix (P less than 0.00001), and ovary (P = 0.04); Mormon males had a lower incidence of stomach cancers (P = 0.003). These findings addevidence to the association between cigarette smoking and certain cancers, but leave unexplained the significant differences between Mormons and non-Mormons for incidence of cancer of the breast, cervix, prostate and nervous system. PMID- 1244510 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 3-1976. PMID- 1244509 TI - Shattuck Lecture--strengths and weaknesses of the committee approach. An analysis of past and present recommended dietary allowances for protein in health and disease. AB - A review of the history of international efforts to establish protein requirements and safe allowances for healthy adults reveals the difficulties of the expert-committee approach to problems of this nature. Although it is preferable to less democratic approaches, the committees involved often acted without sufficient knowledge of the relevant literature and seldom had time to study and evaluate unpublished data presented at the meetings. Moreover, the available data are still inadequate for the purpose, even though each meeting report has stimulated additional relevant research. Research since the 1971 meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Energy and Protein Requirements has already cast doubt on its recommendations. Recent evidence suggests that the "safe allowance of protein" that it proposed is inadequate for long-term maintenance of healthy in young adults even when energy intakes are wholly adequate or even excessive. PMID- 1244511 TI - Editorial: An evaluation of risks--bypass versus obesity. PMID- 1244512 TI - Editorial: The smoke in marihuana smoking. PMID- 1244513 TI - Letter: Coombs-test positive hemolytic anemia. PMID- 1244514 TI - Letter: Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in sickle cell disease. PMID- 1244515 TI - Letter: Childhood lactose intolerance. PMID- 1244516 TI - Letter: Multiple myeloma, sideroblastic anemia and acute leukemia. PMID- 1244517 TI - Letter: Granulocyte turnover in autoimmune neutropenia. PMID- 1244518 TI - Letter: Nitroprusside and methamoglobinemia. PMID- 1244520 TI - Kinetic misperceptions in spinal and root diseases. PMID- 1244519 TI - Letter: HLA B27 in blacks with ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's disease. PMID- 1244521 TI - Letter: Hepatitis via screening needles. PMID- 1244522 TI - Letter: Elevated muramidase levels in histiocytic medullary reticulosis. PMID- 1244523 TI - Letter: Methadone-associated gynecomastia. PMID- 1244524 TI - Letter: Colchicine in familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 1244525 TI - Letter: Baby lifts. PMID- 1244526 TI - Letter: Autopsies and malpractice. PMID- 1244527 TI - Letter: Preventing "tennis elbow". PMID- 1244528 TI - Letter: What is meant by agreement. PMID- 1244529 TI - Letter: Health and the underground. PMID- 1244530 TI - Letter: Numbers large and small. PMID- 1244531 TI - Myeloma with xanthoderma due to an IgG lambdamonoclonal anti-flavin antibody. AB - When yellow skin and yellow hair developed in an elderly patient with multiple myeloma, we ruled out the usual causes of such pigmentation but identified a monoclonal IgGlambda (lgGGar) with anti-flavin antibody activity. Purified IgGGar was bright yellow, and the acid-dissociated chromophore was identified as riboflavin by chromatography and absorption spectroscopy. Native IgGGar contained 1.45 moles of flavin per mole of IgG, and increased to 2 moles with addition of riboflavin to saturation. The flavin was localized to the Fab fragment and was bound to IgGGar with high affinity. IgGGar showed strongest affinities for riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and lower affinities for dinitrophenyl derivatives and naphthoquinone. The demonstration of hapten bound to the circulating monoclonal immunoglobulin in this case suggests the possibility of bound but colorless haptens on other myeloma proteins as well as on normal immunoglobulins. PMID- 1244532 TI - The dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. Possible aluminum intoxication. AB - The aluminum content of muscle, bone and brain was measured in control subjects and in uremic patients on dialysis who had been maintained on phosphate-binding aluminum gels. The mean muscle aluminum was 14.8 ppm, and the trabecular-bone aluminum 98.5 ppm in the patients on dialysis, as compared with 1.2 and 2.4 in control subjects (P less than 0.05). Brain gray-matter aluminum values in a group of uremic patients on dialysis who died of a neurologic syndrome of unknown cause were 25 ppm as compared with 6.5 ppm in a group of uremic patients on dialysis who died of other causes and 2.2 ppm in control subjects. The fact that brain gray-matter aluminum was higher in all patients with the dialysis-associated encephalopathy syndrome than any of the control subjects or other uremic patients on dialysis suggests that this syndrome may be due to aluminum in intoxication. PMID- 1244533 TI - Effects of oral contraceptives on the gallbladder bile of normal women. AB - In view of the reported association between use of oral contraceptives and gallbladder disease, the effects of contraceptive steroids on the lipid composition of gallbladder bile were studied in 22 healthy women. Each subject was studied during routine use of oral contraceptives and also during normal menstrual cycles on no medication. Gallbladder bile was significantly more saturated with cholesterol during contraceptive therapy than during normal menstrual cycling (125 versus 92 per cent, P less than 0.001). Chenodeoxycholic acid accounted for a significantly smaller proportion (35 versus 42 per cent P less than 0.001) and cholic acid a significantly greater proportion (50 versus 41 per cent (P less than 0.001) of total bile acids during contraceptive steroid therapy. These findings show that exogenous sex steroids in doses and formulations routinely prescribed induce important alterations in the composition of human gallbladder bile, and suggest a biochemical basis for the increase in gallbladder disease observed among women using oral contraceptives. PMID- 1244534 TI - Carrier detection in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - We measured endogenous phosphorylation of peak II (apparent molecular weight of 220,000 daltons) of the erythrocyte membrane in 21 mothers of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The mean values of mothers with affected sons were significantly increased over those of matched controls (77.0 and 55.8 pmoles per milligram of 15-minute incubation; P less than 0.01). Detailed testing of mothers of affected sons revealed proximal muscle weakness. Seven mothers of isolated patients who had normal levels of creatine phosphokinase and no daughters with elevated levels were identified as carriers, because their mean value of peak II phosphorylation was increased (75.9 pmoles per milligram per 15 minutes) and equivalent to the level demonstrated in the 14 acknowledged carriers. Our results suggest that cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy previously considered to be new mutations are much less common than estimated. PMID- 1244535 TI - Editorial: Toxicity from aluminum antacids. PMID- 1244536 TI - Editorial: Hormone use to change normal physiology - is the risk worth it? PMID- 1244537 TI - Editorial: The "muscle" of the red cell. PMID- 1244538 TI - Papanicolaou testing -- are we screening the wrong women? PMID- 1244539 TI - Letter: Value of exogenous TSH test. PMID- 1244540 TI - Letter: Best's biliary flush. PMID- 1244541 TI - Letter: Intestinal defect in familial hypophosphatemia. PMID- 1244542 TI - Letter: Implications of cerebroside-beta-galactosidase. PMID- 1244543 TI - Letter: Implications of W27 screening. PMID- 1244544 TI - Letter: Somatostatin and platelet function. PMID- 1244545 TI - Letter: Daily peroxide-ortholidine for heparin toxicity. PMID- 1244546 TI - Letter: Phenytoin and methadone tolerance. PMID- 1244547 TI - Letter: Preventive motivation in national health insurance. PMID- 1244548 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG in treatment of regional-lymph-node metastases from malignant melanoma. AB - Despite current surgical therapy, about 80 per cent of patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to lymph nodes succumb to systemic metastatic disease. To determine if postoperative adjuvant immunization with BCG was an effective systemic treatment in these patients with microscopic subclinical metastatic disease, the clinical course of 42 patients treated by operation alone was compared with that of 84 treated by operation and BCG. At two years, the incidence of metastasis in BCG-treated patients was half that of the control group. BCG was more effective in patients with a smaller tumor burden at the time of initial surgical treatment. In patients receiving BCG adjuvant therapy, 90 per cent with microscopic disease in one lymph node appeared free of disease as compared to 40 per cent with macroscopic disease in multiple nodes. In patients with recurrences, an immunotherapeutic effect was demonstrated by a delay of six months in the time to recurrence. Thus, BCG immunotherapy appears to have an inhibiting effect on the "micrometastases" of malignant melanoma. PMID- 1244549 TI - Effects of diabetes mellitus on bone mass in juvenile and adult-onset diabetes. AB - To assess the influence of diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism, we measured skeletal mass in the forearms of 35 patients with juvenile diabetes on insulin and 101 stable patients with adult-onset diabetes, on diet alone, insulin, or oral hypoglycemic agents. There was a significant loss of bone mass in both juvenile and adult-onset diabetes (P less than 0.01) as compared to controls matched for age and sex. The decrease was already present in patients with diabetes of less than five years' duration. Bone loss and duration of the diabetes did not correlate; the greatest decrease in bone mass was observed in the patients receiving oral agents. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the loss of skeletal tissue in diabetes reflects the underlying disease since it occurs early and is not related to severity as evidenced by the need for insulin, to duration, or to treatment with insulin or diet alone. PMID- 1244550 TI - Saturation-inhibition index as a measure of the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation in the urinary tract. AB - Studies were carried out on multiple urine samples from eight patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formation and eight normal persons to define an index of the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones. Under the same conditions of dietary and fluid intake the urine samples of the patients with stone formation were more supersaturated with calcium oxalate (P less than 0.001) and had lower concentrations of protective inhibitors of crystallization (P less than 0.001) than those of the controls. However, the best separation between the groups was defined by a discriminant line relating inhibitory activity and urine saturation. A measure of the risk of forming large crystals, the saturation inhibition index, was defined as the distance of each urine from the discriminant line. The patients with stone formation had a significantly higher mean saturation-inhibition index than the controls (P less than 0.001). Both the percentage of large calcium oxalate crystals excreted (P less than 0.001) and the stone episode rate (P less than 0.005) were significantly correlated with the saturation-inhibition index. PMID- 1244551 TI - Prinzmetal's variant angina. Coronary arteriogram and left ventriculogram during angina attack induced by methacholine. AB - Recently, in Prinzmetal's variant angina, many cases with normal coronary arteries have been reported. The anginal attacks frequently relapse after aortocoronary bypass grafting. It is frequently possible to induce an anginal attack by parasympathomimetic agents such as methacholine and pilocarpine. In this study, methacholine (0.13 mg per kilogram) was injected subcutaneously in three cases of this disease to induce an angina attack, and coronary arteriograms and left ventriculograms were recorded. In all cases a coronary arterial spasm corresponding to the site of the ST-segment elevation in the electrocardiogram was observed. Complete occlusion due to the spasm was observed even in the normal coronary artery. Asynergy was seen in the left ventricular wall corresponding to the site of the ST-segment elevation in the electrocardiogram. PMID- 1244552 TI - Crohn's colitis associated with granulomatous bone disease. PMID- 1244553 TI - By the london post. A profession in distress. PMID- 1244554 TI - Editorial: Why it's hard to treat kidney stones. PMID- 1244555 TI - Editorial: Provoking variant angina. PMID- 1244556 TI - Letter: Local and systemic effects of intrauterine devices. PMID- 1244557 TI - Letter: Artificial insemination with donor semen. PMID- 1244558 TI - Letter: Doctor as prognosticator. PMID- 1244559 TI - Letter: Lawyers, doctors and patients' rights. PMID- 1244560 TI - Letter: Description of primary care. PMID- 1244561 TI - Letter: More on SI units. PMID- 1244562 TI - The significance of extracapillary proliferation. Clinicopathological review of 60 patients. AB - Renal biopsy and clinical data from 60 patients with extracapillary proliferation (crescent formation) in greater than or equal to 50% of glomeruli were correlated. Nephropathy was related to infection (15 cases) malignancy (4 cases) and trichlorethylene exposure (2 cases). Isolated proteinuria was found 0.5-20 years before biopsy in 16 patients. Outcome was significantly related to percentage of crescentic involvement. Oligoanuria and impaired function at presentation were bad prognostic signs but preceding infection was favourable. Diverse histological and immunofluorescent findings indicate that extracapillary glomerulonephritis is not a single entity. The clinical course is not always rapidly progressive. PMID- 1244563 TI - Relationship between degree of renal failure and impairment of intestinal calcium absorption. AB - The coefficient of true intestinal calcium absorption (a value) was measured by a double radioisotope technique in 29 chronic renal failure patients (serum creatinine levles 2.5-19.5 mg%) aged 20-75 years. The mean log 10 a (+/- standard error) of these subjects (1.197 +/- 0.031) was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that of 52 controls (1.532 +/- 0.024), the geometric mean of the renal failure group (15.7%) being approximately half (46%) of that of the controls (33.9%). The decrease of a value of the uremic patients was more pronounced in the younger than in the older subjects as shown by a statistically significant (r = 0.570; p less than 0.001) positive curvilinear, relationship between a value and age. The lowest intestinal calcium absorptions were observed in patients with a serum creatinine level of approximately 11 mg%, the a values increasing progressively with lower or larger than 11 mg% serum creatinine levels, as shown by a statistically significant (r = 0.485; p less than 0.01) parabolic relationship between a value and serum creatinine. The possible mechanism(s) of this relationship are discussed. PMID- 1244564 TI - Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. AB - A formula has been developed to predict creatinine clearance (Ccr) from serum creatinine (Scr) in adult males: (see article)(15% less in females). Derivation included the relationship found between age and 24-hour creatinine excretion/kg in 249 patients aged 18-92. Values for Ccr were predicted by this formula and four other methods and the results compared with the means of two 24-hour Ccr's measured in 236 patients. The above formula gave a correlation coefficient between predicted and mean measured Ccr's of 0.83; on average, the difference predicted and mean measured values was no greater than that between paired clearances. Factors for age and body weight must be included for reasonable prediction. PMID- 1244565 TI - Variation of urate excretion with urine flow in normal man. AB - In normal persons, a decrease in urine flow following the injection of small amounts of vasopressin was accompanied by a significant decrease in the clearance and excretion of urate. When vasopressin and a small natriuretic dose of mannitol were administered together, urine flow and urate excretion again decreased. The recovery of urine flow to control values was accompanied by a similar recovery of urate excretion. Because a natriuretic dose of mannitol did not reverse the antiuricosuric effect of the flow decline, it is postulated that the flow effect probably reflects changes in a component of urate efflux distal to the loop of Henle. PMID- 1244566 TI - Effect of carbohydrate intake on the urinary excretion of magnesium, calcium and sodium in fasting obese patients. AB - The urinary excretion of magnesium, calcium and sodium has been measured in 19 obese patients undergoing 12 days on complete fast (days 1-12) followed by 6 days of carbohydrate supplementation (days 13-18), while receiving no mineral supplements or either calcium, magnesium or sodium supplements. Magnesium and calcium followed different excretion patterns during the 12 days fast. The oral administration of 107 g carbohydrate daily during days 13-19 resulted in a marked decrease in the urinary excretion of magnesium, calcium and sodium by the non-, calcium- and sodium-supplemented patients, but there was no carbohydrate-induced reduction in magnesium excretion in the magnesium-supplemented patients. The kidney appears capable of selectively influencing calcium and sodium reabsorption, without magnesium excretion being affected. It is suggested that involvement in increased renal gluconeongenesis during fasting renders the renal tubule incapable of maximally conserving both divalent and monovalent ions. The increased tubular reabsorption of urinary constituents induced by carbohydrate administration probably stems from the concomitant reduction in gluconeogenesis. PMID- 1244567 TI - Short duration-high area regular dialysis using two UF 2 coils in series. AB - To increase the number of regular dialysis patients without increasing apparatus, staff or buildings, short time-high area dialysis was undertaken for 3.5 h twice a week or 3 h three times a week with two UF 2 coils in series (2 m2) with dialysis fluid flow of 300 ml/min/kidney in parallel. The biochemical and clinical results were compared with those obtained in a period immediately prior to this using conventional 7-hours dialysis twice a week or 6 h three times a week on UF 145. Urea, creatinine and vitamin B12 clearances, predialysis blood urea and creatinine levels and the clinical state of the patients were satisfactory on short double UF 2 coil in series dialysis. Addition of 1-1.5 liters of saline during dialysis permitted an average net fall in body weight of 1 kg without cramps or hypotension. The merits of rapid dialysis with a large area dialyzer are discussed. PMID- 1244568 TI - Distribution of intrarenal blood flow after renal denervation in the dog. AB - The effect of acute denervation of the kidney on renal sodium and water excretion, and hemodynamics including intrarenal blood flow, was studied in anesthetized dogs. The intrarenal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere method. In all experiments denervation natriuresis and diuresis was observed without significant change in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and distribution of intrarenal blood flow. There was, however, an associated increase in potassium excretion. We suggest that denervation natriuresis and diuresis may be caused by the elimination of a direct nervous control of sodium and water reabsorption. PMID- 1244569 TI - Recirculation peritoneal dialysis with sorbent Redy cartridge. AB - Sorbent regeneration of peritoneal dialysate and use of small volume of dialysate for intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) has been shown to be feasible. The present study compares the solute clearance (C) for urea (U) and creatinine (Cr) at varying flow rates in IPD and in recirculation peritoneal dialysis (RPD) utilizing Redy cartridge in ten dogs. Two silastic peritoneal catheters and one Sarns roller pump were used for RPD. CU was 12 +/- 2 ml/min (mean +/- 1SD),18 +/- 2 with IPD and 15 +/- 2,21 +/- 4 with RPD at flow rate of 66 and 100 ml/min, respectively, while CCr was 9 +/- 2,12 +/- 2 with IPD and 10 +/- 2, 13 +/- 3 with RPD. At increasing flow rates of 150,200 and 250 ml/min, CU was 27 +/- 3,31 +/- 4 and 32 +/- 6, and CCr was 17 +/- 2,20 +/- 3 and 22 +/- 3 with RPD. U and Cr were completely removed by the Redy. Glucose was not removed by the cartridge after initial saturation. Serum sodium concentration increased 2-3 mEq/l after 6 h of RPD. The data suggest that at comparable flow rates, RPD is relatively more efficient than IPD (p greater than 0.01). This may be due to continuous exchange across the peritoneal membrane in RPD. At high flow rate in RPD, solute removal is 2-3 times higher than the currently used IPD. RPD with Redy cartridge is mechanically simple, efficient, and may help reduce total peritoneal dialysis time. PMID- 1244570 TI - Technique for the performance of repeatable renal clearances in the conscious male dog. AB - A preparation for performance of renal clearances in the conscious dog is described. The important aspect of the technique is the use of a Pavlov sling and a specially designed restraining apparatus. Of most importance is the use of a 7 French Swan-Ganz balloon-tipped catheter for urinary bladder catheterization. The use of male dogs obviated the need for an episiotomy. No special training of the animals was required. The animals tolerated long-term and repeated catheterization without any evidence of infection or trauma. PMID- 1244571 TI - When should entry into a regular haemodialysis programme occur? PMID- 1244572 TI - When should maintenance dialysis be initiated? AB - The present trend towared the use of maintenance dialysis in earlier stages of chronic renal failure, and more frequently in association with other morbid illness, raises the question of how well we understand the natural history and prognosis of chronic renal failure prior to total loss of renal function. Survival after serum creatinine exceeds 10 mg/dl is not necessarily very brief and is influenced by many variables. Morbidity and rehabilitation are poorly defined terms that should be approached as objectively and quantitatively as possible if the benefits of dialysis are to be assessed meaningfully. PMID- 1244573 TI - Residual renal function and effective rehabilitation in chronic dialysis. AB - The results of a 1-7 years follow-up of multiple processed and recorded semiquantitative parameters in 148 cases of chronic uremia on regular dialysis treatment (RDT) are reported. Patients were grouped according to different levels of residual creatinine clearance (CCr) at the beginning of treatment (0-5, 5-15, and 15-21 ml/min). Regardless of a possible return to work and reasonable quality of life, patients on RDT with 0-5 ml/min CCr invariably present a worsening in various subclinical parameters semiquantitatively evaluated (bone biopsies; nerve conduction velocity; glucose A-V, etc.). In patients with 5-15 ml/min CCr better results are found. In patients with residual CCr above 15 ml/min, impairment in several parameters is hardly evident and even after several years of dialysis may still remain minimal. These results seem of importance as far as the effective and not the apparent dialysis rehabilitation is concerned. PMID- 1244574 TI - Influence of postural changes on the glomerular filtration rate in nephroptosis. AB - The influence of postural changes on renal function was determined in 13 patients with nephroptosis and in 5 normal subjects by measuring GFR in the erect and supine positions. The result indicate that GFR was reduced in the erect position in 10 of 13 patients with either unilateral or bilateral nephroptosis whereas GFR was increased in the erect position in 4 of 5 patients without renal disease. One patient with bilateral nephroptosis and renovascular hypertension was studied before and after surgical correction of his disease. The observations indicate that patients with nephroptosis may have significant reductions in renal function when they assume an upright position, and suggest that GFR measurements in the supine and erect position in patients with nephroptosis can be helpful in evaluating this disease. PMID- 1244575 TI - Renal trauma and persistent hypertension. AB - A study has been made to assess the incidence of hypertension in patients who have suffered an episode of renal trauma sufficiently severe to cause haematuria. Sixty-three patients were studied and 63 age- and sex-matched controls were also studied. At follow-up, 6-138 months after injury, 13 of the patients who had suffered renal trauma and 12 of the control subjects had a diastolic blood pressure above 99 mm Hg. Three patients showed significant reduction in the size and volume of the previously damaged kidney. In this group, renal trauma did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of permanent hypertension. PMID- 1244576 TI - Preservation of normal cortical vasculature in ischaemic renal failure in the dog. AB - Ischaemic renal failure in the dog was studied by clamping one renal artery for 2 hr in 18 animals. Total renal blood flow was measured for 3 hr after this and only reduced by about 30%. Fine detail renal angiography showed a normal cortical perfusion pattern. Urine flow rates and creatinine clearances from these kidneys, however, were found to be grossly impaired over this period. Seven days later the angiogram of the oliguric kidney remained normal. Two-hour unilateral renal ischaemia in the dog leads to a form of acute renal failure with a striking disparity between glomerular perfusion and clearance, arguing agains a primary circulatory defect. PMID- 1244577 TI - The natriuretic effect of p-aminohippurate in man. AB - The effects of p-aminohippurate (PAH) on electrolyte clearances were measured in 8 human volunteers. At plasma PAH levels used to measure renal plasm flow, the only significant increase was in sodium clearance, while with PAH levels used to measure maximum tubular secretion, the clearances of sodium, potassium and phosphorus were all significantly increased. The antriuresis combined with a depression of free water clearance and the absence of a chloruresis led to the conclusion that PAH- changed the anion composition of the filtrate delivered to the ascending limb, thus interfering with coupled Na+ reabsorption. This finding must be taken into account when electrolyte excretion is being measured during PAH infusion. A similar mechanism may operate in patients with chronic uremia whose endogenous hippurate level is increased. PMID- 1244578 TI - Topography of human urokinase activity in renal tissue. AB - Frozen sections of human kidneys were studied with a modified technique after TODD [22] )fibrinogen slides). Urokinase activity could be demonstrated in the juxtamedullary region (venae arcuatae, venae interlobulares, vasa recta) and in the epithelium of the calyces. Urokinase activity was specifically blocked by highly purified urokinase antibodies. PMID- 1244579 TI - Management of peritonitis and bowel perforation during chronic peritoneal dialysis. AB - Peritonitis and bowel perforation are the most serious conditions of peritoneal dialysis. This paper reports our experience with these two complications among 87 patients who were admitted to our porgram during a 3.5-year period and were treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis for periods up to 38 months (average 9 months). Approximately 6,000 dialyses were performed. Peritonitis occurred seven times in six patients (0.1%) and five patients had six episodes of bowel perforation (0.1%). All patients were successfully managed with conservative treatment, consisting of continuous peritoneal dialysis and intraperitoneal and systemic antibiotics. Careful aseptic technique seems to be the only necessary factor in prevention of peritonitis. PMID- 1244580 TI - Renal histologic and ultrastructural findings in psychogenic polydipsia and diabetes insipidus. AB - The renal biopsies of 15 patients affected by polydipsia syndromes were examined under light and electron microscopes. The authors contend that the observed renal lesions (dilatation of the glomerular loops, tubular hypertrophy and vacuolization, and basal membrane swelling) are the morphologic result of tubular hyperfunction in the service of ion reabsorption. This, in turn, is secondary to the increased GFR. PMID- 1244581 TI - Claims philosophy of the Joint Underwriting Association. PMID- 1244582 TI - Intravenous use of fructose in the detoxification of alcoholics. A ten-month study. PMID- 1244583 TI - [Clinical aspects, treatment and care of patients with plasmacytoma (longitudinal studies based on treatment and care of 100 patients)]. PMID- 1244584 TI - [A new radioisotope method for the in vitro determination of the serum thyroxin level]. PMID- 1244585 TI - [D-xylose absorption in patients treated with combined cytostatic drugs]. PMID- 1244586 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of the acute phase of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1244587 TI - [Complex treatment and care of children with cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 1244588 TI - [Spontaneous gastric rupture, sucessfully treated]. PMID- 1244589 TI - [Letter: Cooperation between the internist and the lung specialist]. PMID- 1244591 TI - [Letter: Therapeutic and preventive functions of the industrial physician]. PMID- 1244590 TI - [Fish-meat and histamine poisoning]. PMID- 1244593 TI - [The incidence of hyperlipoproteniema and distribution of types in the patient material of a hospital department of internal medicine]. PMID- 1244592 TI - [Incidence of beta-thalassemia in Hungary]. PMID- 1244594 TI - [The role of angiography in the diagnosis of diseases of the lung and mediastinum]. PMID- 1244595 TI - [The incidence of Pasteurella multocida in patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 1244596 TI - [The detection of hepatitis B antigen on paraffin sections]. PMID- 1244597 TI - [Prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism with a low dose of heparin]. PMID- 1244598 TI - [Comparison of the thumb symptom and the wrist sign in Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 1244599 TI - [A tumor metastasizing into another tumor]. PMID- 1244600 TI - The formation of articular cartilage from free perichondrial grafts. PMID- 1244601 TI - A dissector for the transaxillary approach in augmentation mammaplasty. PMID- 1244602 TI - A drill for use in an inaccessible place. PMID- 1244603 TI - A new suction obturator to control saliva after laryngopharyngectomy. PMID- 1244604 TI - An improved quartz-halogen headlight. PMID- 1244605 TI - Breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy. PMID- 1244606 TI - The cushioned augmentation repair after a subcutaneous mastectomy. PMID- 1244607 TI - A method for recontouring the domed nipple. PMID- 1244608 TI - The repair of a submental depression occurring after rhytidectomy. PMID- 1244609 TI - The role of tendon tissues in tendon healing. PMID- 1244610 TI - The increasing incidence of melanoma. AB - A study of our hospital records has confirmed a striking increase in the number of melanoma cases. An examination of the New York State statistics demonstrates a 202 percent increase in the case rate from 1950 to 1971. The Connecticut statistics extending from 1935 to 1972 show an age-adjusted incidence rate increase of more than 300 percent for men, and more than 600 percent for women. An increased frequency of melanoma has been reported also for Texas, Canada, Australia, England and Wales. The available information on melanoma deaths and mortality rates fails to suggest that these lesions are biologically less significant than those so designated in the past. There has been no change in preferential sites of melanoma location in either sex, despite the increased incidence of the disease reported from these many geographic areas. The cause of the increased incidence remains obscure. PMID- 1244611 TI - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca symptoms appearing after blepharoplasty. The "dry eye" syndrome. PMID- 1244612 TI - The use of cocaine as a topical anesthetic in nasal surgery. A survey report. PMID- 1244613 TI - Marjolin's ulcer: an immunologically privileged tumor? PMID- 1244614 TI - Costs and charges for use of office operating room. PMID- 1244615 TI - A modification of the Kapetansky technique for repair of whistling deformities of the upper lip. PMID- 1244617 TI - Editorial: Continuing education and plastic surgery. PMID- 1244616 TI - The blister and the second degree burn in guinea pigs: the effect of exposure. AB - A reproducible partial-thickness burn was inflicted on 100 albino guinea pigs. With the blister intact, the evaporative water loss from the burn surface was essentially the same as from normal unburned skin. When the blister was removed, the rate of water loss was initially more than 100 times normal, and it remained 20 to 50 times the normal rate throughout the first week. This high rate of water loss was associated with an increasing depth of wound destruction (from dehydration) and a thickening of the overlying crust. Microscopic examination showed that previously viable dermis was incorporated in this crust. The depth of dermal loss was negligible when the blister was left intact, and improved healing resulted. We believe it is important to leave burn blisters intact, whenever possible. PMID- 1244618 TI - Letter to the editor: The surgical treatment of exophthalmos. PMID- 1244619 TI - Aglossia-adactylia syndrome. Case reports. PMID- 1244620 TI - Median carpal tunnel syndrome following a vascular shunt procedure in the forearm. Case report. PMID- 1244621 TI - Surgical correction of lobster-claw feet. PMID- 1244622 TI - Cardiovascular and skin conductance correlates of a fixed-foreperiod reaction time task in retarded and nonretarded youth. PMID- 1244623 TI - Effects of "below-zero" habituation on the electrodermal orienting response to a test stimulus. PMID- 1244624 TI - Occipital alpha and the attributes of the "alpha experience". PMID- 1244625 TI - Effects of feedback in a forced-choice GSR detection task. PMID- 1244626 TI - On testing specific hypotheses about subliminal perception: a reply to Shevrin. PMID- 1244627 TI - Auditory evoked potentials to unpredictable shifts in pitch. PMID- 1244628 TI - An evaluation of finger pulse volume as a psychophysiological measure of anxiety. PMID- 1244629 TI - Average evoked potential changes as a function of processing complexity. PMID- 1244630 TI - The role of awareness in human differential autonomic classical conditioning: the necessary-gate hypothesis. PMID- 1244631 TI - Feedback for high EEG alpha does not maintain performance or mood during sleep loss. PMID- 1244632 TI - Patterns of cerebral lateralization during cardiac biofeedback versus the self regulation of emotion: sex differences. PMID- 1244633 TI - Heart rate regulation with success and failure signals. PMID- 1244634 TI - EEG correlates of the afterimage of visual stimulation. PMID- 1244635 TI - Conditioning of evoked potentials in children of differing intelligence. PMID- 1244636 TI - Pulse wave velocity as a measure of blood pressure change. PMID- 1244637 TI - Correlation of endoscopy and double-contrast radiography in the early stages of ulcerative and granulomatous colitis. AB - Early radiological changes in ulcerative colitis include (a) finely granular mucosa due to hyperemia and edema, (b) mucosal stippling due to adherence of barium to superficial ulcers, and (c) coarsely granular mucosa due to ingrowth of granulation tissue. In granulomatous colitis, early changes include discrete, superficial ulcers, often against a background of normal mucosa, seen best en face. All of these changes can be demonstrated by the double-contrast technique. The radiological and endoscopic findings were in agreement in 95% of the examinations in the authors' series. The importance of the technical aspects of the examination is stressed. PMID- 1244638 TI - Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy. The rationale, technique, interpretation and clinical application: a review based on 848 cases. AB - Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy is a noninvasive reproducible technique which correlates well with the anatomic pattern of lymph node distribution. A study of 848 patients via radiocolloid injection established a normal internal mammary lymph node distribution and detected deviations from this pattern. A review of these cases is followed by a discussion of the clinical application of this technique, especially in carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 1244639 TI - Acute cerebral vascular accident associated with hyperperfusion. AB - Cerebral radionuclide angiography can demonstrate decreased or normal radioactivity in the affected region during the arterial phase in patients who have sustained a cerebral vascular accident and thus enhances the diagnostic specificity of the static brain image. In an occasional patient, however, a seemingly paradoxical pattern of regional hyperperfusion with a return to normal or subnormal perfusion following the acute phase has been observed. This phenomenon, called "luxury perfusion," has been defined using intra-arterial 133Xe for semiquantitative cerebral blood flow measurements and should be kept in mind as a potentially misleading cerebral imaging pattern. PMID- 1244640 TI - Brain image manifestation in the patient with cavernous sinus occlusion. AB - Radionuclide findings in a case of cavernous sinus occlusion by an intracavernous aneurysm are described. A brain image obtained 10 minutes after injection of 99Tc pertechnetate shows diminished activity in the area of the right cavernous sinus and increased activity in the area of the right sylvian veins; these are attributed to abnormal venous blood flow and may serve as a sign of cavernous sinus occlusion. PMID- 1244641 TI - The sensitivity and specificity of 99mTc-sulfur colloid liver imaging in diffuse hepatocellular disease. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of 99mTc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen imaging in diffuse hepatocellular disease and the significance of image patterns found in these diseases are presented. By visually quantifying the image alterations found in biopsy-proven cases of diffuse hepatocellular disease and analyzing the correlation between the histological diagnosis and the quantified image alteration (individually and by groups), the 99mTc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen image was found to be highly sensitive (83%). Relative discriminatory values were derived for each image finding and a specific image pattern was found in cirrhosis. PMID- 1244642 TI - Cystourethrography procedures in children. Evaluation of benefits versus dose. AB - Cystourethrography was used by the referring physician in 53 children with urinary tract disease. The benefits of this technique were evaluated using Bayesian methods. Prior and subsequent odds of the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis being affected by the radiological procedure were estimated. Marked benefits were found in 12 cases, which were used as the basis for the most conservative estimate of benefits. The genetic benefit-risk ratio is 140 for boys and 8.3 for girls. The somatic benefit-risk ratio is 10,000 for boys and 4,200 for girls. PMID- 1244643 TI - Reflux and trapping. AB - Although functional ureteral obstruction results in a decrease in the rate of antegrade urine flow, urine may still traverse the obstructed segment in a retrograde direction. Decreased musculature is found in the obstructing area. The combination of these processes results in reflux with trapping. This process has been demonstrated radiographically at both the ureterovesical and the ureteropelvic junctions. PMID- 1244644 TI - Intrahepatic rupture secondary to duct exploration demonstrated by cholangiography. AB - Seven cases of iatrogenic rupture of the intrahepatic bile ducts were demonstrated on T-tube and/or operative cholangiography. This brings the total of documented case reports to 17. All patients had hepatic duct exploration with either the Fogarty balloon catheter and/or the biliary spoon and/or the biliary forceps and/or Bakes dilators. These extravasations usually occur from the right hepatic duct. The recognition of this entity is important because potentially serious complications may occur. Most of the previous cases of intrahepatic extravasation ascribed to excessive pressures of injection were probably surgically induced. PMID- 1244645 TI - Spondyloenchondrodysplasia. Enchondromatomosis with severe platyspondyly in two brothers. AB - Two brothers affected by enchondromatosis with marked involvement of the spine including platyspondyly were followed for 12 years. Both brothers were of short stature and normal intelligence. Vertebral involvement in multiple enchondromatosis is very rare. To our knowledge, marked generalized platyspondyly has not been described in the literature as part of this condition. At present, this form cannot be placed within any previously described category. A new term- spondyloenchondrodysplasia--is proposed for this condition which may either be a subform of multiple enchondromatosis or an entirely different and distinct entity. PMID- 1244646 TI - Radiographic changes in children following cardiac surgery performed by splitting the sternum. AB - The incidence of radiographic changes in the chest following a sternal split for cardiac surgery is examined. These changes include: (a) an indiscinct sternal cortex; (b) elevation of the cardiac silhoutte above the diaphragm; and (c) uneven heights of the medial clavicular ends. PMID- 1244647 TI - Metaphyseal giant-cell tumor in a girl of 14. AB - A case of giant-cell tumor in the radial metaphysis of a 14-year-old girl is reported. 3.5% of these tumors are detected in patients younger than 15 years of age, when closure of the cartilaginous growth plate occurs. A significant number of the 14% of giant-cell tumors detected in patients younger than 20 may originate in a metaphysis during adolescence and become symptomatic only after long bone epiphyseal involvement. PMID- 1244648 TI - Jugular venous ectasia in children. A report of 3 cases and review of the literature. AB - Three cases of jugular venous ectasia in children were diagnosed preoperatively by selective venography. These rare lesions appear to be congenital dilatations of the veins and should not properly be called aneurysms, as their histological structure is normal. A typical history and complex of physical findings are associated with this entity. It is important to include it in the differential diagnosis of neck masses in children. PMID- 1244649 TI - Clinical evidence of intestinal absorption of Gastrografin. AB - Experimental evidence suggests that Gastrografin in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract leads to hypertonic dehydration by two mechanisms: loss of water from the circulating blood volume, and absorption of osmolarly active substances across intact, normal mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical documentation of absorption of Gastrografin is presented. Renal excretion of contrast material was seen following its use in the treatment of meconium ileus. PMID- 1244650 TI - Visualization of the bile ducts using focused ultrasound. AB - The feasibility of using focused ultrasound for studying structures as small as biliary ducts and correlative radiological and ultrasonic studies of the common and larger hepatic ducts are presented. Patients whose bile ducts were visualized on intravenous or T-tube cholangiography or oral cholecystography underwent radiography with a metallic skin marker along the right anterior lower costal margin. The marker was then correlated with ultrasonic observations of multiple oblique scans parallel to the lower costal margin. The common duct could be identified in 15 of 21 patients. Ultrasonic visualization circumvents the problems of elevated serum bilirubin, iodine contrast media sensitivity, and pregnancy. PMID- 1244651 TI - The evaluation of malignant gastric neoplasms by ultrasonic B-scanning. AB - The results of ultrasonic B-scanning of 11 patients with malignant neoplasms of the stomach are presented, and the diagnostic accuracy of this technique and its advantages and limitations are discussed and illustrated with specific case reports. The use of ultrasound to complement other techniques in evaluating malignant gastric neoplasms prior to consideration for surgery or chemotherapy is outlined. PMID- 1244652 TI - Ultrasound in the evaluation of anencephaly. AB - Three cases of anencephaly diagnosed in utero by ultrasound are presented and the ultrasound diagnostic criteria for anencephaly are illustrated. The literature regarding anencephaly is reviewed and the malformation discussed. Diagnostic ultrasound should be used to screen high-risk patients for this fetal anomaly. In addition, all patients clinically suspected of possible fetal malformation or polyhydramnios should be examined by ultrasound. PMID- 1244653 TI - Subclavian artery occlusion following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. AB - Four cases of subclavian artery occlusion occurring 5-17 years after irradiation for breast carcinoma are presented. Although arterial insufficiency is a rarely reported sequel to radiotherapy, it may be the cause of pain and disability in the upper extremity in a postmastectomy patient. Particular attention should be paid to the presence of a bruit over the subclavian and axillary arteries. Arteriography will often reveal a short, segmental lesion of the subclavian artery that frequently can be repaired surgically. PMID- 1244654 TI - Short-course radiation therapy in the treatment of head and neck tumors. AB - A pilot study undertaken to evaluate short-course, high-increment radiation therapy. This type of treatment was tolerated well by the patients, with a surprisingly low level of acute reaction to the regimen and few late complications. Tumor regression seemed to be earlier than might be expected and involved more than 50% of the tumor in over 75% of the patients following the fourth course of treatment. Preliminary results show that long-range survival rates are at least equivalent to those obtained with the conventional longer treatment regimen. In general, this seems to be a more economical and efficient method of treatment which entails less patient discomfort than the conventional method. PMID- 1244656 TI - Prospects for x-ray exposure reduction using rare earth intensifying screens. AB - From measurements of screen-film sensitometry, Wiener spectra, and x-ray spectra, the speed, mottle, and quantum efficiency of several rare earth screen-film systems have been characterized. These systems offer exposure reductions of from two- to tenfold over conventional calcium tungstate systems. At the slower end, the noise (mottle) and resolution are comparable to what is available with conventional systems. Moreover, films designed to be used in such systems can be made with significantly lower silver content. As the speed advantage is increased from two- to genfold, however, the mottle also increases. PMID- 1244655 TI - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Influence of dose and volume irradiated on survival. AB - Two groups with comparable bladder carcinoma were selected from 249 patients treated with telecobalt therapy from 1955 through 1971. Group I received a mean isocentric dose of 6,060 rads in six weeks to an average volume of about 1,050 cm3 within the 90% isodose lines; Group II received a mean isocentric dose of 6,542 rads in six and one-half weeks to a volume of approximately 1,700 cm3. Overall five-year survival rates were 12.6% (+/- 5.4) in Group I and 25.5% (+/- 4) in Group II, with improvement being most marked in patients with advanced stages of disease. Results show that when the dose was increased and a larger volume of pelvic tissue was irradiated, the five-year survival rate improved. PMID- 1244657 TI - Comparison of image quality obtained with optical and radiographic magnification techniques in fine-detail skeletal radiography: effect of object thickness. AB - High-resolution radiography may be done using either optical or radiographic magnification. In the former technique, industrial Type M film was used without screens and the image was viewed with 4-10X optical magnification. In the latter technique, RP film was used with Detail screens and 4X geometric magnification together with a microfocus x-ray tube having a nominal focal spot size of 50 mum. The imaging properties of both techniques were evaluated by means of H & D curves, modulation transfer functions, and Wiener spectra. It was found that for thin objects such as the hand, optical magnification provides better bone images than radiographic magnification; whereas for thicker parts such as the knee, radiographic magnification is superior. PMID- 1244658 TI - Quantitative assessment of field uniformity for gamma cameras. AB - Objective criteria for judging the uniformity of field floods are developed and the effects of the energy window and scatter material on uniformity are examined. There is a highly significant correlation (p = 0.99) between a 14% difference in average count among adjacent photomultiplier tube regions and observer detection of detuned areas. Similarly, a 10% average count difference is not significantly recognized as a nonuniform area. Results indicate that there is a complex interaction between uniformity, energy window (15-30% symmetrical) and 0-7.6 cm of tissue-equivalent scatter medium interposed between the flood source and the collimator. Quantitation of the flood should be performed to indicate which regions need retuning. PMID- 1244659 TI - Angiography of the celiac artery using caudal or cephalic beam angulation. AB - Celiac arteriography in the frontal projection with the tube angled 50 degrees toward the feet demonstrated an aneurysm which arose from the celiac artery and did not involve the splenic or hepatic artery. Angling the tube toward the feet (or toward the head is the celiac artery ascends) is recommended for evaluation of the celiac, proximal splenic, and hepatic arteries. PMID- 1244660 TI - Interfacing a programmable desk calculator to a hard-wired data system. AB - The primary disadvantage of hard-wired data systems for use in nuclear medicine is the fact that that the data contained in the memory bank are not accessible to the user and often must be processed mathematically before they can be employed in interpretation, particularly in dynamic studies. The authors describe a relatively inexpensive programmable device which can be used in conjunction with the data system and overcomes these limitations to a great extent. PMID- 1244661 TI - A collimator for reduced radiation dose with improved visualization of soft tissues. AB - The authors describe a collimator for use in diagnostic radiology. Clinical radiographs show enhanced soft-tissue detail through the use of interchangeable straight and curved wedge filters, and in situ dosimetry using a head phantom shows that the provision for asymmetric beam limitation results in reduction of absorbed dose. PMID- 1244662 TI - A versatile cassette holder for upright radiographic studies in infants and children. AB - The authors describe a new cassette holder which permits standard upright studies of infants and children. Its ease of attachment to and detachment from the table top facilitates versatility of studies in a busy pediatric radiography room. The design is simple, using commercial parts--a fluoroscopy table footrest and a wall mounted cassette holder. The new federal radiation safety regulations permit the use of this device. PMID- 1244663 TI - Evaluation of the nasolacrimal canal in the basal projection. AB - The authors describe a new technique for visualization of the nasolacrimal canal in the basal projection. Cranial angulation of the x-ray tube by 14 degrees will project the canal anterior to the facial bones. PMID- 1244664 TI - Pediatric enema tips. AB - The authors describe modifications of disposable rubber enema tips for use in infants and children. These should be used instead of a Foley balloon catheter to avoid distension and obscuration of the rectum as well as possible perforation of the rectum. PMID- 1244665 TI - The new special names of SI units in the field of ionizing radiations. AB - New SI units for ionizing radiations have been recommended by the internation Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). These are the becquerel (symbol Bq), equal to the second to the power -1, and the gray (symbol Gy), equal to the joule per kilogram. It was recommended that the roentgen be replaced as the unit of exposure by the coulomb per kilogram (C/kg), for which no new name was proposed. The ICRU recommends that the units rad, roentgen, and curie be gradually abandoned over a period of ten years and that preparatory steps to this end be taken as soon as possible by various national and international bodies in order to facilitate a smooth, safe, and efficient transition. PMID- 1244666 TI - Editorial: Conversion to SI units: comment on the special report from the ICRU. PMID- 1244667 TI - The choledochocele: correlation of radiological, clinical and pathological findings. AB - Two cases of choledochocele are presented and 14 cases in the literature reviewed. Choledochocele is defined as a herniation of the common bile duct into the duodenum. This entity is distinguishable radiographically from duodenal diverticulum and duodenal duplication cyst by filling during cholangiography but not during upper gastrointestinal series. The duodenal diverticulum fills on upper gastrointestinal series but not on cholangiography. The duplication cyst will not fill with either method. PMID- 1244668 TI - Multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus. AB - Multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus are rare. These benign intramural, extramucosal tumors present a sufficiently characteristic appearance during a barium examination to suggest a specific roentgenologic diagnosis. Although leiomyomas may become quite large and cause considerable distortion of the esophageal lumen, they produce surprisingly few symptoms in most patients. Since these tumors have little if any malignant potential, surgical excision is necessary only in patients with significant symptoms. Four patients with leiomyomas of the esophagus are reported here, and the clinical and roentgenologic features of these tumors are reviewed. PMID- 1244669 TI - The supraclavicular fossa. AB - The presence of a supraclavicular fossa and the visibility of its floor on chest radiographs have been ignored in the radiological literature. In a study of 500 randomly selected chest radiographs, we could identify the floor of the fossa in 29% of patients. There is extreme normal variation in the visibility, depth, and symetry of the two sides. However, the fossa can occasionally stimulate a parenchymal lung abnormality such as a fluid level or an emphysematous bleb in the upper outer lung fields. PMID- 1244670 TI - Radiographic chest abnormalities in adult hemophilia. AB - The chest radiographs of 33 adult hemophiliacs were reviewed for possible pulmonary features of this disease. Only 7 patients showed no abnormalities; 12 patients exhibited scarring, fibrosis, and pleural thickening of the lung, interpreted as the sequelae of intrapulmonary hemorrhage or hemothorax. The remaining 14 patients demonstrated abnormalities of the pulmonary vessels, and 4 of them had evidence of hyperinflation. Possible etiologic factors are discussed. PMID- 1244671 TI - Radiolucent mediastinal lipoma. AB - Intrathoracic lipomas are rare. A patient with a surgically proved mediastinal lipoma is described. The lesion presented as an asymptomatic radiolucent mass within the mediastinum and was detected on routine chest radiography. PMID- 1244672 TI - Cavitary pulmonary nodules in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus with cavitary pulmonary nodules as a manifestation are presented. The literature concerning the radiographic manifestations of cardiopulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is reviewed. PMID- 1244673 TI - Primary and secondary pulmonary artery neoplasia mimicking acute pulmonary embolism. AB - Two cases of rare pulmonary neoplastic lesions (primary pulmonary artery sarcoma and pulmonary carcinosarcoma) directly involving the pulmonary artery and presenting with findings mimicking acute pulmonary embolism are discussed. Although this represents an unusual presentation for these two lesions, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in patients presenting with somewhat atypical clinical, isotopic, and radiological features. Serial lung scans followed by angiography will prove useful in arriving at the correct diagnosis. PMID- 1244674 TI - Pitfalls in knee arthrography. AB - Sources of error in performing and interpreting knee arthrograms are discussed. Normal anatomic structures and technical factors can simulate tears in most areas of both the medial and lateral menisci. These pseudotears, as well as unrecognized true tears, occur more commonly in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. Inferior meniscal recesses and coronary ligament irregularities of the posterior medial meniscus often represent incomplete tears. Diagnostic, etiologic, and therapeutic aspects of these recesses, or pseudorecesses, are discussed. Excessive intra-articular positive contrast medium may become localized and simulate a loose body in the joint. PMID- 1244675 TI - Osteoblastic bone metastasis in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - The authors describe a case of osteoblastic metastasis in a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome resulting from the presence of a pancreatic tumor, which they believe is the first such case documented. Following a total gastectomy for hyperacidity in a 53-year-old woman, a gradually enlarging liver was treated with steptozotocin. Radiation therapy to the areas of bony metastases resulted in complete alleviation of pain. PMID- 1244676 TI - The radiological spectrum of acute pyelonephritis in adults and adolescents. AB - Excretory urograms of 40 patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis were reviewed. Eleven (28%) had abnormal urograms attributable to the acute disease process. Of the 11 abnormal patients, 7 had obvious urographic abnormalities, while in 4 the findings were few and subtle. The most common findings were renal enlargement, decreased density of contrast material, delayed calyceal appearance time, and dilatation of the collecting system; of these, the last two most frequently correlated with the clinically abnormal side. PMID- 1244677 TI - Plain-film findings in severe pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Plain-film abdominal changes in 5 patients with severe antibiotic-related pseudomembranous colitis were found to be strikingly similar and distinct from those seen in other colitides. These consisted of moderate gaseous distension of the colon and unusual wide transverse bands of thickened bowel wall associated with giant "thumbprinting" which was universal in distribution, with minimal or absent small-bowel abnormalities. While the radiographic findings were not pathognomonic, they were highly suggestive of advanced pseudomembranous colitis when combined with the clinical data. Prompt recognition of this entity by the radiologist is extremely helpful in management, since such patients frequently present with physical findings of an acute abdomen requiring surgery. PMID- 1244678 TI - Cervicovertebral phlebography: pathological results. AB - Cervical phlebography via the femoral vein approach was done in patients with spinal tumors, cervical radiculopathies, and myelopathies. Tumors originating from or extending into the spinal canal readily compress and obstruct the epidural venous plexus. Because of the lateral position of the epidural veins, the foraminal veins are deformed when cervical roots are compressed in the intervertebral foramina by spondylosis of the uncinate processes or lateral disk herniation. In congenitally narrow canals without significant spondylotic bars, the epidural veins were not opacified. Nonfilling of veins was also seen when the canal was narrowed by multiple spondylotic bars. With a few or even a single spondylotic bar, the epidural veins opacified but this was interrupted at the affected levels. When a significant spondylotic bar was associated with a narrow canal higher up, filling of the epidural veins at the level of the bar was completely arrested. PMID- 1244679 TI - Evaluation of the neurotoxicity of water-soluble myelographic contrast agents by electrophysiological monitors. AB - The effects of subarachnoid injection of Conray (methylglucamine iothalamate) and its dimer (methylglucamine locarmate) in various concentrations were compared using electrophysiological monitors of the cortical evoked response (CER) and the H-reflex. Significant concentration-dependent differences were noted in the H reflex, less marked with the dimer. No significant difference in the CER was noted. This differential alteration in neurophysiological parameters was independent of changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid pressure, implying that these water-soluble contrast media have a direct toxic effect on the nervous system, possibly situated in the larger (group 1) root fibers. PMID- 1244680 TI - Hydatid cyst of the skull: report of four cases. AB - Four new cases of cranial echinococcosis are presented and the literature is reviewed. Young males are most commonly affected. Early cases present as an expansile osteolytic lesion in the diploe. The more advanced forms manifest as multilocular or unilocular destructive lesions with adjacent soft-tissue masses. Two patients with unilocular hydatid cysts recovered completely after surgery. One youth with the multilocular form died four months after operation. The other patient is well two years after surgery. The location, anatomical forms of the lesion, and the importance of early diagnosis are stressed. PMID- 1244681 TI - [Normal value of ventilatory work of breathing (author's transl)]. AB - Ventilatory work of breathing is defined as a variable referring to the mechanics of the breathing function of the lung, ascertainable from the alveolar pressure breathing volume diagram. Information on the resistance of the respiratory canal can be obtained. The ventilatory respiration of 93 healthy persons at spontaneous resting breath frequency (15 +/- 3 min) was investigated, with the aid of a body plethysmograph. A mean value of 2.21 g-cm/ml (s = 0.92) was obtained. A dependence on age and sex could not be statistically proved. The value of 4.0 g cm/ml (= 2s) is discussed as a limit to a pathological increase. With a rise in breath volume, relative weight and also, marginally, the spontaneous resting breath frequency, a significant increase of ventilatory work of breathing in normal persons must be anticipated. A so-called index of ventilatory work of breathing (breath volume/alveolar pressure changes under defined conditions) correlates significantly with ventilatory work of breathing and can thus be regarded as an orientating value for the resistance of the respiratory canal. Its mean value amounts to 3.10 cm/cm, with a SD of 1.12. PMID- 1244682 TI - Comparison between pathological and biochemical investigations on an experimental model of fibrosing alveolitis. AB - Subcutaneously injected Freund's adjuvant caused a fibrosing alveolitis in guinea pigs. This model served to compare biochemical and morphological parameters. The phospholipids were quantitatively extracted from lung tissue, separated and estimated. The fatty acid composition of lecithin was analysed. We observed a correlation between the histologic alterations and the content of phospholipids. A constantly higher phospholipid content was measured in the affected lungs in comparison to the normal ones; however, the composition of the phospholipids changed. The close correlation between the course of the inflammation and the biochemical pattern seems to indicate a function-correlated control of lung metabolism. PMID- 1244683 TI - Correlation between lung function and tracheobronchial collapse. AB - In 30 unselected male patients, bronchoscopic aspect and lung function parameters (notch in FEV1, FEV1/FIV1%, discrepancy between airways resistance and FEV1, club shaped resistance curves) were correlated to determine the validity of lung function in the diagnosis of a central bronchial collapse. There were no strong correlations; only the club-shaped resistance curve and FEV1/FIV1% less than 60 were a little more often seen in the presence of central bronchial collapse. It is concluded from these results, and with regard to the known results from bronchial pressure measurements, that the functional parameters mentioned above are good indicators of a flaccid tracheobronchial system but not typical for a central bronchial collapse alone. Additional methods (bronchoscopy, bronchial pressure measurements) are needed to locate the major pressure drop and to select the adequate therapy (conservative in the case of pure peripheral or most mixed situations, chirurgical in special cases with pure central bronchial collapse). The reactions of a collapsible tracheobronchial system to bronchodilating drugs are described and their help in location of the major pressure drop is discussed. PMID- 1244684 TI - Smoking and blood oxygen tension in healthy middle-aged males. AB - The blood oxygen tension (PaO2) was measured using a Clark-type microelectrode on 'arterialised' capillary blood samples obtained from 74 sitting subjects; these were asymptomatic and spirographically normal men aged 42-63 (average 53.7) years. The mean PaO2 of smokers (83.8+/-6.0 mm Hg) was slightly, non significantly lower as compared to non-smokers (85.5+/-4.9 mm Hg). The trend towards lower mean values with increase in current cigarette consumption or amount smoked in life did not result in significant differences between smoker sub-groups. The lower normal limit for the whole group was 73.3 and the average PaO2 85.3 mm Hg. Though no significant influence of tobacco use could be demonstrated, the histogram of specific subjects shows a bi-modal distribution in smokers, suggesting the existence of a sub-group (about one third of the smokers) who tend to have lower PaO2s, possibly as a consequence of sub-clinical 'small airway disease'. PMID- 1244685 TI - Effect of acute hypoxia on blood serotonin in human beings and rats. AB - The object of this study was to see if the blood level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) increased under acute hypoxic stress in human beings and rats. Soldiers who had been stationed at high altititudes 2-7 months prior to study were selected. 17 had suffered from pulmonary oedema and the remaining eight, who had not developed the condition, acted as controls. The technique of YUWILER [18] with suitable modifications was used for estimation of 5-HT. No significant change in 5-HT levels was observed either in subjects or controls. Rats exposed to simulated high altitude for 6 h also did not show any significant change in blood 5-HT levels. PMID- 1244686 TI - Comparative studies on the effect of oxygen high pressure (OHP) on different species; with special reference to the organ preservation. AB - Different species of animals (warm-blooded, poikilotherms and cold-blooded) were exposed to oxygen high pressure (OHP) (1-4 ata) for 2-8 h. OHP revealed (a) a different vulnerability in various species; (b) an inverse correlation between basal oxygen consumption and their vulnerability; (c) the critical point of the toxic effect of OHP in normothermia was an exposition time of 2 h with 2 ata OHP; (d) morphological changes of lung, CNS and vessels -- intense folding of alveolar septa with cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy; (e) electron-microscopical demonstration of damaged endothelial cells with total or partial occlusion of the capillaries. PMID- 1244687 TI - Postbulbar peptic ulceration of the duodenum. AB - One hundred and twenty patients operated upon for peptic ulcer diathesis had intraluminal digital examination of the duodenum seeking post-bulbar ulcers. Twelve such ulcers were found, an incidence of 10 per cent. In six of these patients, the postbulbar ulcer was an unexpected finding, and in two patients, a second ulcer was present. A review of the patients with postbulbar ulcers revealed that these patients had severe ulcer symptoms that responded poorly to medical management. Our patients were treated by truncal vagotomy and an outlet procedure. In ten patients, the anterior duodenotomy was extended to include the stenotic area. A Jaboulay gastroduodenostomy was performed in one patient, and duodenoplasty with pyloroplasty in another patient. These 12 patients were observed from one to six years. There were no deaths. Two patients had temporary gastric atony and one patient had a dumping syndrome. Three patients have had possible recurrence of the ulcer, reoperation being required in one patient. It is possible that unrecognized postbulbar stenosis may be a cause of recurrent peptic ulcer following some surgical procedures. To recognize these ulcers, we believe that the duodenum should be inspected by intraluminal palpation in all patients operated upon for peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 1244688 TI - Effects of transfusion on surviving and nonsurviving postoperative patients. AB - In the pretransfusion control period, generally, the cardiorespiratory values of the nonsurviving patients were worse than those of the surviving patients. Moreover, the responses of nonsurvivors to a standardized test of therapy generally were less than those of survivors. The increase in oxygen availability to the tissues after blood transfusion in nonsurvivors was almost as great as that of survivors, but the increase in oxygen consumed by nonsurvivors was only about one-half that of survivors. This is of particular importance in the critically ill patient, as reduction in oxygen transport represents a major physiopathologic problem in postoperative deaths. PMID- 1244689 TI - Isotope angiograpy for detection of embolic arterial occlusion. AB - Radionuclide angiography is a safe, noninvasive, easily performed and rapidly executed technique which will accurately demonstrate the presence of an acute occlusion of the arterial tree of the lower extremities. The diagnosis of embolic or thrombotic occlusion of the arterial circulation of the lower extremity in the critically ill patient often is not clear. Visualization of the arterial tree prior to any operation is advantageous, but these patients are invariably in such poor general physical condition that one wound prefer not to submit them to the invasive and time-consuming procedure of conventional contrast arteriography. Radionuclide angiography was performed in three patients who had an equivocal diagnosis of acute occlusion of the femoral artery. Acute occlusion was correctly diagnosed by this technique in all three patients. PMID- 1244690 TI - Internal jugular venous autograft in extrahepatic portal hypertension. AB - A 26 year old female with repeated episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, secondary to extensive extrahepatic portal and superior mesenteric venous obstruction, was surgically treated by interposing an internal jugular vein autograft between a collateral channel and the inferior vena cava. The follow-up observation during a seven and one-half year period has shown no recurrence of bleeding, disappearance of esophageal varices and a widely patent graft with normal portal vascular pressures. The internal jugular vein is a readily accessible autogenous graft of adequate caliber that can maintain patency under rigorous conditions. Its use is recommended in constructing portal-systemic venous shunts in those instances of extrahepatic portal hypertension in which conventional shunts cannot be established or, if they can be established, are liable to closure. PMID- 1244691 TI - Trace metal levels in cancer of the breast. AB - Twenty sample pairs of cancerous and noncancerous tissue from the human breast were analyzed for trace metals. Samples were dissolved by wet digestion with ultrapure grade nitric and perchloric acids. The sample solutions was analyzed by conventional atomic absorption for calcium and magnesium. Ten other elements- iron, zinc, copper, lead, calcium, manganese, chromium, silver, strontium and aluminum--were determined in the solution by the graphite furnace technique. Magnesium and zinc levels were significantly higher in the cancerous than in the noncancerous tissue. PMID- 1244692 TI - Intraoperative assessment of peripheral revascularization procedures. PMID- 1244693 TI - The treatment of cancer of the large intestine. PMID- 1244694 TI - [Possibilities for diminution of the genetic risk in the population]. PMID- 1244695 TI - [Nomenclature and classification of cardiotocographic findings]. PMID- 1244696 TI - [Mentally retarded child - a member of the society]. PMID- 1244697 TI - [Classification of neuroimmunological diseases]. PMID- 1244698 TI - [Effectiveness of influenza vaccines]. PMID- 1244699 TI - [Artificial intraduodenal acidification and liver function in anacid patients]. PMID- 1244700 TI - [Studies on the quality of the disinfection-regime in stationary and ambulatory areas as well as suggestions for its improvement]. PMID- 1244701 TI - [Juridical problems of self-treatment and medically directed home self-care with special regard to self-treatment of hemophilic patients]. PMID- 1244702 TI - [District therapeutics-Commision on Pharmacotherapeutic Information and continuing education of physicians]. PMID- 1244703 TI - Quality criteria for the treatment of hip fractures. PMID- 1244704 TI - Defects in central processing. A guide to evaluation and treatment of the learning disabled child. PMID- 1244705 TI - Jimson weed intoxication in adolescents. PMID- 1244706 TI - Meniere's disease and its treatment. PMID- 1244707 TI - Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 1244708 TI - Scanning in the diagnosis of hepatic and splenic trauma. PMID- 1244709 TI - The rehabilitation of adolescent drug abusers: a comprehensive approach. PMID- 1244710 TI - Adolescents in public care in Virginia: how to achieve maximum benefits from minimal facilities. PMID- 1244711 TI - Editorial: Sudden death and acute myocardial infarction--what are we talking about? PMID- 1244713 TI - Aspirin and myocardial infarction. PMID- 1244712 TI - The mechanics of widespread training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A community project implemented by volunteers. PMID- 1244714 TI - Myocardial depressant factor in cardiogenic shock. PMID- 1244715 TI - Radiology. PMID- 1244716 TI - Of the p-r segment depression and atrial infarction. PMID- 1244717 TI - Letter: Massive pulmonary embolism: The role of pulmonary embolectomy. PMID- 1244718 TI - Abnormal motion of the mitral valve with pericardial effusion: Pseudo-prolapse of the mitral valve. AB - The echocardiograms of seven patients with large pericardial effusions were found to show posterior motion of the mitral leaflets in systole as seen in prolapse of the mitral valve. Repeat echocardiograms after resolution of the effusion revealed normal mitral valve motion. None of the patients had clinical evidence of prolapsed mitral valve. We postulate that a posterior swing of the heart within the pericardial fluid occurring in late systole causes posterior displacement of the mitral valve simulating a prolapsed valve. PMID- 1244719 TI - Association between clinical cardiac status, laboratory parameters, and digoxin usage. PMID- 1244720 TI - Reciprocal rhythm in patients with normal electrocardiogram: Evidence for dual conduction pathways. AB - The present study refers to six patients in whom an A-V reciprocal rhythm could be documented; in four cases it took the form of sustained tachycardia. None of the patients showed any ECG feature of ventricular pre-excitation (PR interval of more than 0.12 sec. and normal QRS configuration). The extrastimulus method showed, at first, that the A-V conduction time of the premature beat varied only slightly with the decrease of the coupling interval. From a critical A1A2 interval there was a sudden lengthening of A2H2 preceding the occurrence of re entrant beats. The curve of H1H2 responses reflected these changes, showing two distinct parts. The second part following the slowing of the impulse included the initiation zone of atrial echoes and of reciprocating tachycardia. These results suggest the existence of two A-V pathways, one fast and the other slow. The point at which the break between the two parts of the curve occurred might be related to the effective refractory period of the fast pathway. In the same way, when atrial pacing reached a critical rate, it induced an abrupt increase of AH in five cases. In the sixth patient, A-V conduction time remained unchanged up to 170 per minute. Ventriculoatrial conduction was always observed, the delay of which did not lengthen with the rate. In one case tachycardia could be induced by a premature ventricular beat without lengthening of the V-A time. It is concluded that in spite of a normal PR interval, the presence of dual A-V pathways may be implied in the genesis of reciprocal rhythm. PMID- 1244721 TI - Clinical study on the flow murmurs at the defect area of atrial septal defect by means of intracardiac phonocardiography. AB - In order to study flow murmurs through atrial septal defects, right heart catheterization was performed on 48 patients of secundum type, four of primum type, and five of probe-patent foramen ovale, with the double-lumen phonocatheter of Lewis, at the tip of which barium titanate was mounted. The flow murmurs at the defect area were classified into three patterns: v murmur, atriosystolic murmur, and mid-diastolic murmur. V murmur was continuous, extending from late systole to diastole, of low to medium pitch, closely related to atrial v wave and augmenting with expiration. It had no significant correlation to the ratio of left-to-right shunt. It was recorded in 32 out of 48 cases of secundum type and one of primum type, but not observed in probe-patent foramen ovale. Atriosystolic murmur was noted in 17 of 48 cases of secundum type and one of primum type. It was connected with atrial a wave. Mid-diastolic murmur was found at the defect area in four subjects of secundum type. It was thought to be an independent entity from v murmur and to be another one due to shunt flow through the septal defect, since it had no relation to v wave but it was localized between v and a waves in the pressure curve of the right atrium. It is different in localization from mid-diastolic murmur due to relative tricuspid stenosis at the inflow tract of right ventricle. PMID- 1244722 TI - Progressive improvement of His-Purkinje conduction during recovery from catheter induced heart block. AB - Complete heart block developed during HBE studies in a patient with left bundle branch block, after inadvertent catheter-induced trauma to the right bundle branch. Normal intraventricular conduction (HV interval) was documented during the initial part of the study, and was demonstrated to be markedly prolonged after the appearance of heart block. Conduction through the right bundle branch improved over a short period of time as manifested by steplike shortenings of the HV interval, until the original conduction velocity was re-established. This case strongly supports the concept that the His-Purkinje system is capable of varying its conduction velocity and further demonstrates that, in patients with bundle branch block, a prolonged HV interval indicates disease of the remaining bundle branch. PMID- 1244723 TI - Development of mitral insufficiency following closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect. AB - The development of severe mitral insufficiency after a successful closure of an ostium secundum ASD was encountered in four adult patients. This acquired postoperative lesion appeared nine years, three and a half years, two year, and two months following ASD repair. It was associated with deterioration of the excellent clinical improvement following closure of ASD, and was detected clinically by the appearance of a new apical holosystolic murmur. In one patient, pathologic examination of the mitral valve indicates insufficiency to be possibly due to rheumatic valvulitis. The cause of mitral insufficiency in the other patients is not clear. Multiple etiologies could be responsible for this unusual association. PMID- 1244724 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Report of 93 autopsied cases with emphasis on diagnostic and surgical considerations. AB - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is failure of development of the common pulmonary vein, with consequent ersistence and enlargement of embryonic collaterals between the lungs and the systemic veins. In the great majority (91 of 93 autopsied cases, 97 per cent, no remnant of the common pulmonary vein was found, supporting the concept of agenesis or involution of the common pulmonary vein. Occasionally, a cordlike strand was found in the location of the common pulmonary vein (in three of 93 cases, 3 per cent), supporting the concept of atresia of the common pulmonry vein. The order of frequency of the various types of TAPVC was: left innominate vein ("snowman"), 26 perent cent; subdiaphragmatic, 24 per cent; coronary sinus, 18 per cent; right superior vena cava, 15 per cent; right atrium, 8 percent; mixed, 5 per cent; azygos, 2 per cent; and left supeior vena cava, 2 per cent... PMID- 1244725 TI - Mitral valve prolapse in coronary artery disease. AB - Mitral valve motion, left ventricular segmental contraction and severity of arterial stenosis were analyzed in 92 patients with coronary artery disease and 28 patients with "atypical chest pain" and normal coronary arterio-rams. Mitral valve motion was evaluated for the presence or absence of leaflet prolapse. Segmental contraction was evaluated by calculating the percent shortening of six chords of the left ventricle measured from right anterior oblique ventriculograms. The severity of disease in each coronary vessel (left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary) was graded on a scale of 1 (0 to 30 percent stenosis) to 5 (complete occlusion). Mitral valve prolapse was not suspected clinically but observed angiographically in 15 of 92 patients with coronary artery disease and in 5 of 28 patients with normal coronary arteriograms. In nine patients with coronary artery disease, the prolapse was restricted to the posterior leaflet, in five it was in both the anterior and the posterior leaflets and in one patient in the anterior leaflet only. Mitral regurgitation was noted in seven patients with coronary artery disease; it was mild in six and moderate in one. Among the patients with coronary artery disease, 12 of the 15 (80 percent) with mitral valve prolapse had left ventricular asynergy compared with 63 of the 77 (82 percent) without valve prolapse. The mean scores for severity of disease in the left anterior descending, circumflex and right coronary arteries were, respectively, 4.2, 2.5 and 3.2 in the patients with valve prolapse and 4.2, 2.2 and 3.5 in those without prolapse. In summary, there was no significant correlation between mitral valve prolapse and distribution of coronary arterial obstructions or abnormal patterns of left ventricular segmental contraction. There was a high frequency of mitral valve prolapse in patients with severe coronary artery disease and in those with normal coronary arteriograms and atypical chest pain. PMID- 1244726 TI - Value of Holter monitoring in assessing cardiac arrhythmias in symptomatic patients. AB - Holter electrocardiographic monitoring in 55 symptomatic patients with syncope, palpitations or dizziness uncovered significant arrhythmias in 30 patients (55 percent). By providing an observation period of at least 24 hours including a period of sleep, the procedure aided detection and diagnosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of transient arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities not documented by routine electrocardiograms. Bradyarrhythmias accounted for the majority of arrhythmias recorded in 21 or 30 symptomatic patients (70 percent); 15 had sinus bradycardia (35 to 55 beats/min) alone and 6 also had long episodes of sinus arrest of up to 5 seconds. Two had sinus bradycardia with periods of atrioventricular block with Wenckebach phenomenon. Five patients had a tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome; three had other episodic arrhythmias and one had pacemaker failure. In 15 (60 percent) of the 25 patients without arrhythmias, monitoring did not document the cause of symptoms. Holter monitoring is of considerable value in assessing the efficacy and adequacy of drug treatment, especially in patients with known heart disease, and in detecting pacemaker malfunction. However, very long periods of monitoring may be needed to make a diagnosis in those with only sporadic symptoms. PMID- 1244727 TI - Successful correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a 2.5 kilogram premature neonate. AB - A 16 day old 2.5 kg premature infant with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus was successfully treated with use of profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. To the best of our knowledge, this neonate is the smallest to successfully undergo correction of this anomaly. A plea is made for a more aggressive approach in early recognition and assessment of these critically ill infants, followed by early surgical correction. PMID- 1244728 TI - Supravalvular mitral stenosis associated with tetralogy of Fallot. AB - The association of tetralogy of Fallot with supravalvular mitral stenosis is a rare anomaly that has been reported only once previously. The difficulty of preoperative diagnosis is emphasized. Although left-sided obstructive lesions in association with tetralogy of Fallot are rare, their recognition is imperative since these are surgically correctable anomalies and potentially lethal, as proved in this case and the one previously reported. PMID- 1244729 TI - Effects of electrical countershock on serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme activity. AB - Total and MB serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity levels were measured serially in 30 patients treated with direct current electrical countershock, 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 25 normal subjects. In addition, serial determinations of total and MB CPK in serum were performed in 11 closed chest anesthetized dogs subjected to 10 repetitive countershocks at 15 second intervals with a delivered energy of 240 joules per countershock. Less than 4 milli-international units (mlU)/ml of MB CPK was found in the serum of normal subjects. Patients with myocardial infarction whose elevated total CPK levels were comparable with those of patients treated with cardioversion had a usbstantial rise in MB CPK activity, with peak values averaging 39 +/- 6 mlU/ml (mean +/- standard error). Fifteen of the 30 patients treated with countershock had elevated total CPK activity that peaked within 4 hours. In this group, MM CPK elevations accounted for the overall rise in CPK activity. In two patients, modest elevations of MB CPK (11 and 13 mlU/ml, respectively) were observed after cardioversion. In all 11 dogs total CPK increased after countershock, peaking to 1,888 +/- 410 MLU/ml within 6 hours. Six dogs had increased MB CPK activity (52+/ 6 mlU/ml) and myocardial necrosis demonstrable histologically 4 days later. The results indicate that (1) myocardial damage in dogs produced by intense, repetitive countershock is associated with increased serum MB CPK; and (2) countershock as conventionally used in patients does not generally produce myocardial damage and serum MB CPK elevation. Although release of MB CPK into serum occasionally occurs after countershock, perhaps reflecting myocardial damage, the elevations appear to be modest. Thus, electrical countershock does not obscure the diagnosis of myocardial infarction or impair quantitative assessment of the extent of myocardial damage based on analysis of serum MB CPK activity. PMID- 1244730 TI - Upsloping S-T segments in exercise stress testing. Six year follow-up study of 438 patients and correlation with 248 angiograms. AB - A 6 year follow-up study of 438 patients who underwent maximal treadmill stress testing revealed the following annual incidence rate of coronary events (death, myocardial infarction or onset or progression of angina pectoris): 13 percent in 84 subjects whose stress test produced 2 mm downsloping S-T segment depression, 9 percent in 230 subjects with 2 mm horizontal S-T depression and 9 percent in 124 subjects who had an upsloping S-T segment with 2 mm S-T depression measured 0.08 second from the J point. Coronary angiograms were obtained in another group of 248 subjects who underwent maximal treadmill stress testing. They revealed major (greater than 50 percent) obstruction of two or three vessels in 67 percent of 62 subjects with a downsloping S-T pattern on the stress test, in 60 percent of 116 subjects with horizontal S-T depression and in 57 percent of 70 subjects with upsloping S-T depression. Patients with an upsloping pattern of S-T depression during stress testing had the same incidence of coronary events as those with a horizontal pattern of S-T depression. Upsloping S-T depression should not be confused with isolated J point depression. Subjects with an upsloping segment also had the same incidence of major two or three vessel disease as those with horizontal depression. Subjects with a downsloping pattern has a slightly greater incidence of coronary events and major two or three vessel disease. PMID- 1244731 TI - Changes in regional vascular resistance after myocardial infarction in the dog. AB - The possibility that failure of vascular resistance to increase during hypotension in cardiogenic shock is a generalized phenomenon affecting many vascular beds was investigated in anesthetized dogs subjected to coronary arterial embolization. Blood flow in the carotid, mesenteric and renal vascular beds was monitored. Efferent vagus nerve stimulation, which, through bradycardia, produces hypotension of cardiac origin without myocardial damage, was associated with reflex vasoconstrictor responses in the carotid and mesenteric vascular beds; no change in resistance occurred in the renal vascular bed. In marked contrast, vasoconstriction failed to occur in any of the vascular beds in response to the hypotension produced by coronay embolization. These responses to cardiogenic shock mimicked those seen after ganglionic blockade, in which hypotension of partly cardiac origin was produced and reflex vasoconstriction blocked. The data support the previous hypothesis that myocardial infarction is associated with reflex inhibition of the reflex vasoconstrictor response to hypotension. PMID- 1244732 TI - Cardiovascular effects of long-term cigarette smoking and nicotine administration. AB - The nature of the cardiovascular risk in cigarette smokers has not been characterized. To compare the relative effects of long-term smoking and nicotine administration on the cardiovascular system, 18 month old beagle littermates were prepared with a permanent tracheostomy. They were classified into three groups: I, seven control dogs; II, nine dogs that smoked seven cigarettes/day; and III, eight dogs that received an equivalent amount of nicotine. After a period of up to 22 months, the animals were catheterized under anesthesia for assessment of left ventricular function and volumes by indicator-dilution technique. Heart rate, stroke volume, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume and intraventricular conduction times did not differ significantly in the three groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 44 +/- 3 percent (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in the control group, 35 +/- 3 percent in the dogs that smoked cigarettes (P less than 0.05) and 27 +/- 3 percent in those given nicotine (P less than 0.01) despite similar values for end-diastolic variables in the three groups. The first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) normalized for pre- and afterload was 2.4 +/- 0.2 cm/sec -1 in the control group, 1.41 +/- 0.12 in the cigarette-smoking group (P less than 0.005) and 1.34 +/-0.08 in the nicotine group (P less than 0.01). Although mean aortic pressure was significantly elevated in both the smoking (127 +/- mm Hg) and nicotine (127 +/- 10 mm Hg) groups, there was no significant correlation with the contractility indexes. Reduction of afterload to normal levels did not affect the abnormal ventricular performance. Hypertrophy, inflammation and abnormalities of cell ultrastructures were not present, and myocardial lipid and cation composition were normal. Since interstitial fibrosis was evident in both experimental groups, an alteration of elastic elements may be operative. These cardiovascular abnormalities appear to be predominantly dependent on the nicotine of cigarettes. PMID- 1244733 TI - The quiz electrocardiogram: a new diagnostic and research technique for evaluating the relation between emotional stress and ischemic heart disease. AB - To evaluate possible cardiovascular effects of emotional stress, a specially designed 12 minute tape-recorded stress quiz was administered to 43 subjects while blood pressure and the electrocardiogram were monitored. For the entire group, the heart rate and blood pressure rose from respective control levels of 76 beats/min and 136/87 mm Hg to a mean during the quiz of 87 beats/min and 158/94 mm Hg. This difference was highly significant. Of the 43 subjects, 33 were classified as executives and 10 as nonexecutives. There were three groups of executives: control and angina with and without a history of hypertension. Both groups of executives with angina responded with a significantly higher heart rate than that of the executive control group. Blood pressure response was significantly greater in executives with angina and hypertension than in the other groups. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to the quiz were lower in nonexecutives with angina than in executives with angina. During the quiz, 10 of 14 executives with angina had S-T segment depression greater than 0.5 mm; of these, 7 evidenced greater than 1.0 mm depression, andin 3 of these the depression was greater than 1.5 mm and in 2 greater than or equal to 2.0 mm. None of the executive control subjects had S-T depression greater than 0.5 mm Among nonexecutives, 2 had S-T depression greater than 0.5 mm but none greater than 1.0 mm S-T depression. Seventeen of the patients also were given a bicycle exercise tolerance test. There was a significant correlation between S-T depression in response to exercise and to the quiz (r = 0.63; P less than 0.01). The quiz electrocardiogram is presented as a new research technique and diagnostic test for evaluating the relation of emotional stress to ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1244734 TI - Abdominal bruits in renovascular hypertension. AB - A study of 87 patients surgically treated for renal arterial stenosis revealed that upper abdominal bruits were heard more frequently in patients whose stenosis was due to fibrous disease than to atherosclerosis. A diastolic bruit in a patient with fibrous disease of the renal artery usually indicated a favorable surgical result. Conclusions regarding the prognostic value of diastolic bruits in atherosclerotic renal artery disease must be deferred until a larger number of patients with this finding can be studied. When hypertension of less than 3 year's duration was combined with presence of a diastolic bruit, 17 or 18 patients had a favorable surgical outcome. An abdominal bruit should be carefully sought for in all patients evaluated for hypertension; when found, should be characterized acurately, because of the important diagnostic and prognostic information it may provide. PMID- 1244735 TI - Beneficial effects of atropine in the pre-hospital phase of coronary care. AB - The current widespread interest in early (pre-hospital) coronary care has raised questions regarding the safety and efficacy of the use of atropine in these circumstances. Although reports from early coronary care systems have been favorable, serious questions of safety have been raised on the basis of experimental animal studies and isolated case reports. A sample of the experience of a large scale emergency coronary care system in Columbus, Ohio has therefore been reviewed. A group of 70 patients who, during the early phases of myocardial infarction, exhibited bradyarrhythmia (less than 60 beats/min) was identified. When this group was further categorized on the basis of arterial pressure at the time of initial observation, patients with normal or elevated blood pressure had low mortality rates whether treated with atropine or not. In patients with hypotension the mortality rate was 75 percent without therapy, and 25 percent with therapy. Indeed, when normal hemodynamics were restored, the mortality rate was only 11 percent. Unexpected ventricular fibrillation occurred in 1 of 45 treated patients and 2 of 25 untreated patients. Although the study was not controlled, the data strongly suggest that atropine is both beneficial and safe for use in treating bradyarrhythmia and hypotension in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1244736 TI - Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic angiographic correlations in the presence of absence of asynergy. AB - The relation of minor and major axes of the left ventricle was determined in 100 left ventriculograms performed in the right anterior oblique projection. This relation taken over a wide range of volumes was used to derive a theoretically correct equation for determination of ventricular volume by echocardiography. The final equation was: V =[7.0/2.4 +d] (D3), where V = volume and D = the echocardiographically measured internal dimension. In 12 patients without asynergy, this equation accurately and directly calculated end-systolic and end diastolic volumes whether the left ventricle was small or large. However, in 12 patients exhibiting left ventricular asynergy the correlation between angiographically and echocardiographically determined volumes was poor. Thus, caution is recommended in the use of time-motion echocardiography to calculate ventricular volumes in patients with coronary artery disease and possible left ventricular asynergy. PMID- 1244737 TI - Results of surgery for congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis. AB - Of eight children aged 3 to 15 years with surgical correction of severe supravalvular aortic stenosis, 6 were evaluated 7 to 44 months later by repeat cardiac catheterization and aortography. Prosthetic patch angioplasty was performed in all cases. Preoperative systolic gradients ranged from 40 to 90 mm Hg (average 70); postoperative gradients ranged from 0 to 20 mm Hg (average 11). The postoperative anglographic appearance of the ascending aorta was near normal in all six patients, and none had new aortic valve insufficiency. These results of surgery for supravalvular aortic stenosis are judged to be excellent. PMID- 1244738 TI - Pericarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Sixteen patients with pericarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum were studied. Fourteen were less than 30 years old, and no patient had an underlying illness or was receiving immunosuppressive therapy. All patients experienced a flu-like prodromal illness lasting from 2 weeks to 4 months. Pneumonitis or hilar adenopathy, or both, was found in 12; pleural effusion, uncommon in primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, was found in seven patients. Pericardial fluid, pleural fluid and bone marrow cultures yielded no growth. All patients demonstrated a fourfold or greater change in complement-fixing antibody titers. No patient had disseminated disease, and only one required treatment with ampholericin B. The illness ran a protracted course, and in six patients symptomatic pericarditis recurred. Ultimately all recovered. Ten patients were restudied 6 months to 12 years after recover. Only one patient had pericardial calcification, and none had constrictive pericarditis. This form of granulomatous pericarditis, unlike that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, appears to carry a good prognosis. PMID- 1244739 TI - Electrophysiologic demonstration of bilateral anomalous pathways in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (type B preexcitation). AB - Pre- and postoperative electrophysiologic studies are described that were suggestive of two (right- and left-sided) anomalous atrioventricular (A-V) connections in a patient with type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and intractable arrhythmias, who underwent epicardial mapping and successful surgical ablation of the right-sided anomalous pathway. The presence of the right-sided anomalous pathway capable of both antegrade and retrograde conduction was suggested by the following observations: (1) Type B preexcitation on the surface electro-cardiogram; (2) maximal preexcitation and minimal stimulus-delta with low lateral right atrial pacing; (3) epicardial mapping of the atria and ventricles; and (4) disappearance of ventricular preexcitation after surgical ablation of the right-sided anomalous pathway. The presence of an additional left-sided anomalous pathway capable of only retrograde conduction (concealed on the surface electrocardiogram) was sugg-sted by the following observations: (1) Left to right retrograde atrial activation sequence during reentrant tachycardia and ventricular pacing at rapid rates and with coupled ventricular pacing postoperatively; (2) spontaneous conversion of wide ORS tachycardia utilizing the anomalous pathway for antegrade conduction to narrow QRS tachycardia with significant slowing in rate; and (3) smooth antegrade A-V nodal conduction curves with echo zone postoperatively. The demonstration of bilateral anomalous pathway in patients with preexcitation has important electrophysiologic and surgical implications. PMID- 1244741 TI - The Frontier Nursing Service: The primary care nurse in the community hospital. PMID- 1244740 TI - Termination of pregnancy with double prostaglandin impact. AB - With the "double PG impact" (DPGI) technique in 100 sedated first- and second trimester volunteers, pregnancy was terminated successfully in 99 with a total extraovular PGF2alpha dose of 19.0 +/- 1.5 mg. in 16.9 +/- 0.9 hours. Two thirds of the patients received only the initial dose of 11.6 +/- 0.5 mg. of PG and aborted in 12.9 +/- 0.7 hours without requiring supplemental treatment. Only mild and transient side effects and 14 indicated curettages were recorded. Excepting one gravida (who failed to abort), plasma progesterone in 99 patients decreased at 3 hours after DPGI from 32.5 +/- 1.7 to 22.7 +/- 1.2 ng. per milliliter (P less than 0.001). The rate of progesterone withdrawal and IAT showed a close relationship and the first-trimester patients aborted at a lower progesterone level than the second-trimester patients (P less than 0.001). PMID- 1244742 TI - Intravascular coagulation in obstetrics: Serial dilution protamine sulfate test throughout labor. AB - Serial dilution protamine sulfate tests (SDPS) were performed in 191 women during labor. It was found that 27 per cent of women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 42 per cent with complicated pregnancies had positive SDPS tests, the highest incidence being between three and six hours of labor. These findings support the previous report of a physiologic disseminated intravascular coagulation in pregnancy but make the SDPS test of little value in obstetric cases. PMID- 1244743 TI - Amount and distribution pattern of soluble fibrin monomer complexes during the early puerperium. AB - Soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) were determined in 12 patients following delivery, 2, 4, 6 days and 3 months post partum. Quantitative gel filtration (1 per cent agarose) of the beta-alanine-precipitated plasma samples yielded the relative (per cent of the total fibrinogen content) and absolute (milligrams per 100 ml. of plasma) amount of SFMC. During the early puerperium the amount of SFMC remained essentially constant, with average postpartum values of 6.3 +/- 1.2 per cent and 27.6 +/- 9.1 mg. per 100 ml. (mean and standard deviation). Three months after delivery the level of SFMC was significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased (3.3 +/- 1.3 per cent and 8.4 +/- 3.4 mg. per 100 ml.). The quantitative estimation of SFMC in the early puerperium as presented in this study indicates that a state of hypercoagulability can be evaluated by measuring the thrombin mediated catabolic products of fibrinogen. PMID- 1244744 TI - Indomethacin induces rat uterine contractions in vitro and alters reactivity to calcium and acetylcholine. AB - The initial contractions of uteri in vitro from castrated, estrogen-treated rats, were markedly diminished following replacement with fresh bathing medium. Indomethacin and aspirin (10(-5) to 10(-4)M) strongly stimulated such quiescent preparations and reduced their subsequent responsiveness to Ca++. Reintroducing the initial bathing medium (which contained prostaglandin-like material), or adding prostaglandin F2alpha to the fresh medium, initiated uterine contractions and restored responsiveness to calcium ion. Injections of indomethacin into castrated, estrogen-treated rats reduced initial in vitro uterine motility, abolished production of prostaglandin-like compounds, and prevented either indomethacin, aspirin, or Ca++ from stimulating uterine contractions. Uterine responsiveness to acetylcholine in vitro was significantly reduced in rats pretreated with indomethacin. PMID- 1244745 TI - Cortisol in amniotic fluid and cord blood in relation to prenatal betamethasone load and delivery. AB - The influence of maternal corticosteroid administration on the cortisol concentration in fetal blood and amniotic fluid (AF) was studied in women receiving betamethasone for prevention of IRDS. Thirty-four pregnant women in danger of spontaneous or induced preterm delivery were treated with 12 mg. of betamethasone daily for 3 days. AF was obtained by amniocentesis on the day before and the day following the betamethasone treatment and by amniotomy at delivery; cord arterial and venous blood was taken at delivery. Corresponding samples were obtained from 17 pregnant control subjects. All samples were analyzed in duplicate for cortisol by radioimmunoassay. The basal AF cortisol level rose with gestational age. The AF cortisol concentration fell from the basal value of 24.5 +/- 1.8 to 5.4 +/- 0.4 ng. per milliliter 3 days after the start of treatment, and it remained low at delivery if the treatment-delivery time was less than 1 week. An almost significant positive correlation (r = 0.543) was found between the cortisol concentration in cord arterial blood and AF. The cortisol concentration in cord blood in the controls was 108.2 +/- 14.3 ng. per milliliter in the arteries and 106.4 +/- 18.6 ng. per milliliter in the vein. Also, the cord blood cortisol level was depressed in betamethasone had been given within one week before delivery. The multifactorial influence on cord blood cortisol level prevents interpretation of the results as support for the concept that the human fetal adrenal is involved in labor initiation. The duration of gestation was not altered by the betamethasone treatment. The analysis of cortisol in the easily accessible amniotic fluid is suggested for estimating the function of the fetal adrenal cortex. PMID- 1244746 TI - Serum levels of a placental protein during gestation in the baboon. AB - A placental specific protein (Sp-1) isolated from human placentas was used to establish a radioimmunoassay for measurement of a baboon protein in the sera of pregnant baboons. No reaction was observed with any known pituitary or placental hormone in this assay system. Levels of Sp-1 were detected at 17 to 18 days of gestation and reached high levels by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. A slow increase in serum levels continued thereafter until parturition. Disappearance of Sp-1 post partum was very slow and required 26 to 34 days to become undetectable in the serum. No function or role of Sp-1 in pregnancy has been suggested, but possible use of its measurement for detecting abnormal placental function deserves investigation. PMID- 1244747 TI - Pure gonadal dysgenesis with an XY chromosomal constitution (Swyer's syndrome): Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of Swyer's syndrome, characterized by rudimentary streaks in association with a 46,XY chromosome karyotype are reported. Both individuals were tall, with sparse axillary and pubic hair, and breasts were undeveloped in one and well developed in the other (she had some estrogen therapy). One had infantile but otherwise normal external genitals, while the other had poor development of labia majora and no clitoris. The vagina in each was normal, with a small cervix and uterus, and vaginal smears of the preadolescent type. Urinary 17-ketosteroids were normal, while gonadotropin levels were elevated. The gonadal streaks were extirpated, and histologic examination revealed the presence of fibrous stroma but no ova or follicles. Scattered clumps of Leydig cells and mesonephris remnants were found in one patient. Both patients responded well to cyclic hormonal therapy, i.e., menstrual withdrawal bleeding and breast development. PMID- 1244748 TI - Testosterone metabolism in endometrial cancer. AB - Plasma testosterone (PCT), metabolic clearance (MCRT), and production rates (PRT) of testosterone and conversion ratio of testosterone to androstenedione (CRppTA) were performed on 11 patients with endometrial cancer and on a control group of five postmenopausal women. The PCT, MCRT, and PRT of patients with endometrial cancer are in the normal postmenopausal range. The conversion of testosterone to androstenedione in patients with endometrial cancer was significantly decreased. PMID- 1244749 TI - Studies on the cytodynamics of human endometrial regeneration. I. Scanning electron microscopy. AB - Stereoscopic morphologic studies on regenerating cyclic endometrium indicate that endometrial repair lasts 48 hours, beginning between cycle Days 2 to 3 and ending between cycle Days 4 to 5. During this period, endometrial repair is focused on the neoformation of surface epithelium and is initiated only when and where the zona basalis is denuded from the overlying secretory spongiosa. The surface epithelium is derived from a simultaneous proliferation of dual origin: first from the exposed ends of basal glands and second from the persistent and intact surface lining of cornual and isthmic regions, bordering the denuded areas. The lack of estrogen-dependent morphologic alterations (mitosis and ciliogenesis) in the uterine mucosa during the regenerative period suggests that the initial factors and cellular processes operating in endometrial reconstruction are purely a reflection of tissue repair and are independent of cyclic hormonal stimuli. PMID- 1244750 TI - Psychometric testing as a basis for counseling patients choosing a method of contraception. A retrospective survey. AB - To investigate the merits of using psychometric testing as a predictive adjunct to counseling patients in the choice of a contraceptive method, 134 family planning patients using an oral contraceptive for one year or longer completed the Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire. Clinic records of these patients were examined to determine consistency of contraceptive usage. Patients who were inconsistent in contraceptive usage scored significantly higher on the anxiety and emotional immaturity for inconsistent users. Results of this study provided support for the findings of two similar studies but failed to provide support for others. However, the over-all predictive ability of the questionnaire scores proved to be low. Further study is recommended. PMID- 1244751 TI - Amenorrhea following oral contraception. AB - A prospective study was done on 326 nulliparous women who ceased oral contraception. Follow-up was obtained on 311. The mean age was 20.3 years (S.D. 2.5). Eighty-nine per cent began menstruating within 60 days after stopping therapy, and only 7 took 180 days or longer to menstruate. Late menarche strongly correlated with post-pill amenorrhea (PPA), but continous length of time on oral contraceptives and type of oral contraceptive showed no significant relationship. The incidence of PPA was 2.2 per cent. All women did eventually menstruate spontaneously, the longest period of amenorrhea being 540 days. PMID- 1244752 TI - Infertility following wedge resection of the ovaries. AB - Seven cases of polycystic ovarian disease were investigated by laparoscopy and endocrinologic tests after failure of ovarian resection to restore fertility. One case of bilateral and two cases of unilateral ovarian atrophy were recorded. In all seven patients the common features were extensive perivarian and peritubal adhesions. Four of the six patients amenable to cure were submitted to reconstructive surgery; three of them conceived and had normal deliveries. The present observations support the plea to relegate the surgical approach to a minor position in patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome and stress the importance of meticulous surgical technique in the performance of ovarian surgery. Laparoscopic investigation is mandatory in all cases of unsuccessful ovarian resection. PMID- 1244753 TI - Vaginal agenesis. AB - Vaginal agenesis is not rare. Many ingenious procedures have been devised for its correction; some are simple, and some are complicated. Not enough emphasis has been placed on the emotional aspects when patients with this problem are treated. Proper timing of the operation and selection of the best procedure are discussed. We feel that procedure of choice is the simplest, least dangerous one which will give good results in the individual patient. Rather than using the same routine procedure in each patient, we fitted the treatment to each patient. Our experience, particularly with the simple vulvovaginoplasty technique, is given. Postoperative support and encouragement are needed to have a successful outcome. PMID- 1244754 TI - Determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines and -diazepin-2-ones in blood by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 1244755 TI - Automated method for the determination of total and inorganic mercury in water and wastewater samples. PMID- 1244756 TI - Sequential determination of arsenic, selenium, antimony, and tellurium in foods via rapid hydride evolution and atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 1244757 TI - Luminescence determination of pharmaceuticals of the tetrahydrocarbazole, carbazole, and 1,4-benzodiazepine class. PMID- 1244758 TI - Fluorescence reactions of aminophosphonic acids. PMID- 1244759 TI - Some bonding properties of D-penicillamine and related compounds measured by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PMID- 1244760 TI - Particle size and composition effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis of pollution samples. PMID- 1244761 TI - Application of chemical ionization mass spectrometry to the study of stereoselective in vitro metabolism of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2 aminopropane. PMID- 1244762 TI - Method for separation and measurement of nickel-63 in environmental samples. PMID- 1244763 TI - Calibration of the oxygen polarograph by the depletion of oxygen with hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase-catalase. PMID- 1244764 TI - Analysis of marijuana samples from different origins by high-resolution gas liquid chromatography for forensic application. PMID- 1244765 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine. PMID- 1244766 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of free mono-, di-, and trimethylamines in biological fluids. PMID- 1244767 TI - Chromatographic determination of vinyl chloride in tobacco smoke. PMID- 1244768 TI - Thin layer chromatography/densitometry with transferable calibration factors. PMID- 1244769 TI - Solvent extraction study for simultaneous determination of six trace metals in river water. PMID- 1244770 TI - Confirmation of phthalate esters from environmental samples by derivatization. PMID- 1244771 TI - Myocardial performance and N2O analgesia in coronary-artery disease. AB - Inhalation of 40 per cent N2O by nine patients who had occlusive disease in two or more coronary arteries with elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) significantly decreased arterial pressure (average 5 per cent) and myocardial contractility as measured by dP/dt/CPIP (average 14 per cent), and increased LVEDP (average 21 per cent). N2O had no significant effect in four patients who had angina without angiographically demonstrable coronary arterial disease. It is concluded that N2O depresses myocardial function in patients who have occlusion of the coronary arteries and impaired left ventricular function. PMID- 1244772 TI - Sodium nitroprusside and cerebral blood flow in the anesthetized and unanesthetized goat. AB - The effects of dodium nitroprusside (SNP) on total, ipsilateral cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the unanesthetized and anesthetized goat was evaluated under four conditions: 1) bolus injection of SNP into the cerebral circulation via the temporal artery; 2) continuous infusion of SNP into the temporal artery in amounts too small to affect the peripheral circulation (0.57-1.14 mug/kg/min); 3) intravenous infusion of SNP; 4) continuous intravenous infusion of SNP with a bolus injection af angiotensin. Small doses (20, 40, and 80 mug) of SNP injected directly in the cerebral circulation of the awake goat produced immediate increases of 21 +/- 8, 36 +/- 8, and 48+/- 10 per cent, respectively, in CBF lasting 1 to 3 min without causing peripheral cardiovascular changes. The effects of SNP were attenuated by 1.5 per cent halothane anesthesia. Continuous infusion of SNP into the temporal artery in amounts too small to cause peripheral cardiovascular effects produced sustained increases in CBF averaging 31+/- 8 percent; CBF returned to preinfusion values upon cessation of infusion. Intravenous infusion of SNP in both anesthetized and unanesthetized animals in recommended clinical dosages (3-8 mug/kg/min) produced hypotension but did not significantly alter CBF. However, upon injection of angiotensin (1.43 mug/kg), both peripheral blood pressure and CBF increased sharply, suggesting that SNP may impair autoregulation of CBF. The results of this study indicate that SNP dilates the cerebral vascular system in a way that is probably similar to its effects on other vascular beds. PMID- 1244773 TI - Halothane-induced porcine malignant hyperthermia: metabolic and hemodynamic changes. AB - Metabolic, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to halothane were measured in five normal and five malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) swine. Constant volume ventilation was used. There was no therapeutic intervention. In NHS animals, blood lactate concentrations increased first, and the initial increases appeared to be non-hypoxic in origin. Lactate concentrations increased progressively to more than 20 mum/ml. Whole-body oxygen consumption increased almost twofold, and hind limb muscle oxygen consumption increased almost threefold. Extrapolated increases in muscle oxygen consumption accounted for about 55 per cent of the increase in whole-body oxygen consumption. Respiratory and metabolic acidosis, marked hyperkalemia, and increases in catecholamines and temperature occurred secondarily and were accompanied by progressive circulatory failure. PMID- 1244774 TI - Metabolism and renal effects of enflurane in man. AB - The metabolism and renal effects of enflurane were studied during and after anesthesia in ten surgical patients without renal disease; ten control patients received halothane. Enflurane was metabolized to inorganic fluoride with a mean peak serum level of 22.2 +/- 2.8 muM four hours after anesthesia. Urinary inorganic and organic fluoride excretions were increased but oxalic acid excretion was not, suggesting that the latter is not an enflurane metabolite. Postanesthetic renal function, including the response to vasopressin, was normal in both groups. During enflurane anesthesia renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary flow rate were 77, 79, and 67 per cent of control values, respectively. In this study of patients without renal disease, metabolism of enflurane to inorganic fluoride was insufficient to cause clinically significant renal dysfunction. PMID- 1244775 TI - Inhibition by cyclopropane of release od norepinephrine, but not dopamine-beta hydroxylase, from the guinea-pig vas deferens. AB - Like halothane, cyclopropane reduces stimulation-induced release of norepinephrine, but not release of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, from the isolated guinea-pig vas deverens. The dissociation between transmitter release and enzyme release in the presence of cyclopropane may be the result of either an increase in the affinity of norepinephrine for binding sites on the vesicular membrane produced by cyclopropane, or a direct effect of cyclopropane on a mechanism of release of norepinephrine that could be controlled independently of release of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 1244776 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia: effect of dantrolene sodium on in-vitro halothane induced contraction of susceptible muscle. AB - Halothane-induced contractures in isolated muscle fibers from swine susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MHS) were significantly less when fibers were incubated in KRB plus 6.2 x 10(-6) M dantrolene sodium prior to the administration of 4 per cent halothane. Administration of dantrolene sodium at the time of maximum contraction to NHS fibers in which contractures had been induced by halothane significantly increased the rate of relaxation of these fibers compared with similar fibers not treated with dantrolene sodium. This study indicates possible prophylactic and therapeutic value of dantrolene sodium in malignant hyperthermia and suggests that the previously reported effectiveness of dantrolene sodium in preventing and treating halothane-induced contractures may be due, at least in part, to its direct effect on muscles. PMID- 1244778 TI - Intraoperative monitoring of left temporal and right radial arterial pressures during aortic-arch surgery. PMID- 1244777 TI - Hemodynamic response to ganglionic blockade with pentolinium during N2O-halothane anesthesia in man. AB - Hemodynamic and blood-gas variables were studied before and after pentolinium tartrate administration in six patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide-halothane and maintained at PaCO2 35-40 torr. Measurements were made prior to induction of anesthesia; before and 10, 20, and 60 minutes after administration of pentolinium (0.3 mg/kg); 15 minutes after return of arterial blood pressure to control values. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was significantly decreased at 20 (P less than 0.02) and 60 (P less than 0.001) minutes, in association with significant decreases in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.005). At 60 minutes MAP was significantly lower than that at 10 minutes (P less than 0.01). Cardiac output (CO) was increased (P less than 0.05) after 10 minutes secondary to a significant increase in heart rate. Neither variable changes significantly thereafter. CO and HR were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) 60 minutes after pentolinium than at 10 minutes; both returned to 10-minute values after intravenous administration of atropine. Changes in stroke volume (SV) and mean right atrial pressure (MRAP) were not significant. Whole body O2 uptake (VO2) was not significantly altered by pentolinium. However, a substantial diminution of myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) was deduced from a significant decrease in the heart rate-arterial systolic pressure produce (HR X ASP). Fifteen minutes after return of MAP to control levels, SVR was 11.5 per cent lower, while CO was still significantly higher (P less than 0.02) than control values. Following ganglionic blockade with pentolinium during halothane N2O anesthesia, HR is a valuable index of changes in CO, while the HR X ASP index may be utilized to evaluate changes in MVO2. Assessment of myocardial performance during controlled hypotension is possible by the use of routinely available measurements. PMID- 1244779 TI - Relationship of right bundle-branch block and marked left axis deviation to complete heart block during general anesthesia. PMID- 1244780 TI - Acute tracheal collapse following mediastinoscopy. PMID- 1244781 TI - Difficulty in removal of tracheostomy tubes. PMID- 1244782 TI - Actual tracheal oxygen concentrations with commonly used oxygen equipment. PMID- 1244783 TI - Effects of atropine on velocity of tracheal mucus in anesthetized patients. PMID- 1244784 TI - Thiopental administration in acute intermittent porphyria without adverse effect. PMID- 1244785 TI - Evaluation of percutaneous cannulations of the dorsalis pedis artery. PMID- 1244786 TI - Letter: Oxytocin-induced venous spasm? PMID- 1244787 TI - Letter: Humidity and ciliary activity. PMID- 1244789 TI - Letter: Lithium and leukocytosis. PMID- 1244790 TI - Familial hyperparathyroidism. Description of a large kindred with physiologic observations and a review of the literature. AB - Sixty-nine out of a kindred of 100 members covering five generations were examined and studied, and 34 were hypercalcemic. Sixteen subjects were believed, on the basis of laboratory and clinical observations, to have primary hyperparathyroidism. Eight patients were subjected to exhaustive study to identify polyendocrine involvement before neck exploration. No coexisting endocrine abnormalities were found; operation showed multiparathyroid gland involvement in most instances. Measurement of immunoassayable calcitonin and assessment of renal and gut function were carried out in 37 subjects to search out possible causes of "reactive" parathyroid gland hyperfunction. While no such cause-effect relationship was noted for this kindred, 16 of the subjects so tested had serum calcitonin content below the assay limits of sensitivity. What role this apparent lack of calcitonin played in the development of hyperparathyroidism (or vis versa) needs clarification. PMID- 1244791 TI - Lidocaine in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation. AB - Atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may be life-threatening because of the extremely rapid ventricular rates that can occur over the accessory pathway. An 18-year-old man with Wolff-Parkinson-White (type B) syndrome developed episodes of syncope due to atrial fibrillation. In studies during hospitalization the administration of lidocaine immediately slowed the ventricular response by abolishing antegrade conduction over the accessory pathway. The role of lidocaine and other antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of arrhythmias in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is discussed. PMID- 1244792 TI - Letter: A scleroderma-like syndrome with fasciitis, myositis, and eosinophilia. PMID- 1244794 TI - Letter: Acute meningitis due to a Pseudomonas-like Group Va-1 bacillus. PMID- 1244793 TI - Letter: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and bacterial meningitis. PMID- 1244795 TI - Letter: Salicylate hepatotoxicity in Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 1244796 TI - Letter: Hepatitis associated with dantrolene sodium. PMID- 1244797 TI - Letter: Gentamicin and neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 1244798 TI - Letter: Phenoformin-related lactic acidosis in a thirty-year-old man. PMID- 1244800 TI - Editorial: Internal medicine 1976: consequences of subspecialization and technology. PMID- 1244799 TI - A new look at peptic ulcer. AB - There have been notable advances in knowledge about peptic ulcer recently. Gastrin-producing tumors have been recognized as a rare cause of ulcer, and multiple physiologic defects have been found in duodenal ulcer, including excessive release of gastrin after food intake, increased sensitivity to gastrin, and decreased inhibition by low pH. The tendency of gastric ulcer patients to reflux duodenal contents into the stomach may have pathogenetic significance. Two new classes of drugs strongly inhibit acid secretion in man: chemically modified prostaglandins and histamine analogues which block the action of histamine on acid secretion. Their value in treating ulcer is now being assessed in clinical trials. A new operation for duodenal ulcer shows promise: only those vagal fibers innervating the acid-secreting part of the stomach are severed, thus obviating the need for a drainage procedure and decreasing some of the undersirable side effects of earlier operations. PMID- 1244801 TI - Editorial: The implications of HL-A W27. PMID- 1244802 TI - Editorial: Preventing tetanus in patients with wounds. PMID- 1244803 TI - Respiratory morbidity in rubber workers: II. Pulmonary function in curing workers. AB - Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 121 curing and 189 control workers in 1972; 87% of the 1972 cohort was resurveyed one year later. The curing workers were subdivided into high and low exposure groups on the basis of environmental sampling. Cross-sectionally, in the 1972 cohort, the residual forced vital capacity was significantly decreased (P greater than .01) among the the heavily exposed workers (266 ml). Longitudinally, the mean one-year loss of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) (173 ml/yr) in the curing workers with more than ten years of exposure was significantly greater (P less than .01) than in the control groups. Pulmonary function tests before and after a day's work were conducted on 29 curing-room workers. The eight heavily exposed curing workers had a significant decrease (P less than .05) in FEV1.0 of 115 ml. Our findings are sufficient to conclude that heavy exposure to curing fume affects pulmonary function. We recommend reduction of exposure and further longitudinal studies, especially in regard to those most heavily exposed. PMID- 1244804 TI - Climate and environment change in patients with chronic airway obstruction. AB - Psychological, clinical, and pulmonary physiological measurements were studied in ten patients with weather-sensitive chronic airway obstruction during one month in Gothenburg, Sweden, and immediately after for one month in the Canary Islands, a change to a drier and warmer climate. All patients improved according to psychological tests and claimed to be better. Objective measurements including peak expiratory flow rate, airway conductance, static lung volumes, and elastic lung recoil showed improvement in eight of ten patients, a change that we believe is due to the effect of climate. PMID- 1244805 TI - Follow-up study of patients treated by X-ray epilation for Tinea capitis; resurvey of post-treatment illness and mortality experience. AB - This is the second follow-up study of 2,215 persons who during childhood between 1940 and 1959 had been given x-ray therapy for tinea capitis and of 1,395 persons well matched for age, sex, and race who were treated for the same disease during the same period without the use of x-ray therapy. The major finding of the study was an excess incidence in the irradiated cases of tumors of the head and neck including the skin, brain, thyroid, and parotid. However, between the groups there was no difference in death due to malignant neoplasms or any other cause. Among white patients, a 40% excess of treated psychiatric disorders was observed in the irradiated group, but there was no difference among blacks. PMID- 1244806 TI - Surveillance techniques for respiratory illness. AB - The data presented represent a pilot study to determine the most efficient method of detecting the frequency and severity of respiratory illnesses in a defined population of children. Home surveillance telephone calls, parent-completed diaries, and monitoring of school absence lists were used. Detailed questionnaires were used to investigate reported illnesses. No one method of surveillance provided accurate estimates of respiratory morbidity in young children, and physicians' records were not reliable enough to be used as the sole source for data validation. Use of multiple sources for surveillance, however, provided illness rates comparable to those obtained in other community surveillance programs. PMID- 1244807 TI - Respiratory morbidity in rubber workers: I. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disease in curing workers. AB - One hundred twenty-one men who were exposed to tire-curing fumes responded to respiratory symptom questionnaires. Results were compared with questionnaires of 189 nonexposed workers who were employed by the same three tire manufacturing plants. The curing workers had a higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis than the controls. Of the curing workers with more than ten years of experience to fumes, 25% met the criteria for the epidemiological diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased respiratory morbidity in the curing workers was related to both intensity and length of exposure to fumes. Because cigarette smoking and other variables cannot explain the difference between the curing and control groups, we attribute the greater prevalence of respiratory morbidity to exposure to curing fumes. These findings warrant further longitudinal studies and reduction of exposure, especially for workers on the manual automobile tire presses, which is the high-exposure group. PMID- 1244808 TI - Effects of cyclamate calcium on the immune response in rabbits. AB - To determine the effect of cyclamate calcium on the humoral immune response in rabbits, one group was fed a 3% and another a 5% water solution of cyclamate calcium. A third group served as controls. After 150 days, the animals were tested for their ability to respond immunologically to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Other aspects of immunity investigated were the presence or absence of neoplasia of the urinary bladder, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, the number of white and red blood cells, and cyclamate conversion and excretion in the urine. The results indicated that the 5% group had a delayed and suppressed response to BSA. No neoplasia was detected. This group had fewer red cells and excreted increased concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the urine. PMID- 1244809 TI - Use of disposable products in surgical practice. AB - Disposable products today are an important part of the multibillion dollar health devices industry. A few heavy-usage and low-usage examples of disposable products used by surgeons are chosen to demonstrate that in a 1,000-bed hospital, economy is rarely, if ever, a reason for converting from reusables to disposables. The actual reasons are more closely related to individual preference, availability, convenience, dependability, safely, and, in some cases, manufacturer's promotion. In a 24-hospital study of surgical apparel, it was found that only caps, masks, shoe covers, and other small items approached partly in cost between disposable and reusable items, where as the per-use cost of reusable larger items such as gowns and drapes was still much lower than that of their disposable counterparts. However, each hospital must make its own decisions based on all factors, not on economy alone. PMID- 1244810 TI - Experience with 21 pancreaticoduodenectomies. AB - Twenty-one patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy-19 for neoplasia and two for benign disease (operative mortality, 9.5%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in three patients (14.3%); in two it was biliary and in one it was pancreatic. Vagotomy was not employed and there were no instances of stomal ulceration. Four patients (21%) operated on for malignant neoplasm are free of disease from five to ten years since surgery, and two more are in good health for less than five years (total, 31.6%). The presence of an involved regional lymph node is not a contraindication to curative or palliative resection in either carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater or carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 1244811 TI - The diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Fallibility of clinical symptoms and signs. AB - One hundred twenty-four patients, with 133 involved extremities having the clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity, were studied by phleborheography and phlebography. Seventy-two limbs were proved to have deep venous thrombosis and 61 to have no evidence of thrombi in the deep veins. Classic symptoms of muscle pain and muscle tenderness, swelling, and the presence of a positive Homans sign obtained by dorsiflexion of the foot were found to occur with approximately equal frequency in those limbs with and without deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 1244812 TI - Drug prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. A compararative study of calcium heparinate and sodium pentosan polysulfate. AB - Deep vein thrombosis and its sequel, pulmonary embolus, are possibly the greatest threats to recovery after surgical operation. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial in which the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test, Doppler ultrasound, and phlebography were used for diagnosis, it was found that low doses of calcium heparinate administered subcutaneously and sodium pentosan polysulfate intramuscularly were effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), postoperatively. The incidence of DVT was as follows: 9% in the group treated with heparinate; 15% in the group treated with sodium pentosan polysulfate; nad 51% in the untreated control group. PMID- 1244813 TI - Arteriovenous fistulas constructed with modified human umbilical cord vein graft. AB - Arteriovenous (AV) shunts were created using modified umbilical veins in baboons. The shunts consisted of veins removed from human umbilical cords tanned by either dialdehyde starch or glutaraldehyde 2% and surrounded with a polyester fiber mesh. Twelve fistulas were constructed employing the femoral or axillobrachial vessels. Six of the seven straight axillobrachial shunts remained patent for up to four months during the period of study. One of two loop fistulas and three femoral AV fistulas thrombosed because of kinking. There were no infections, mural disruptions, or aneurysm formations. Anglogram results and histologic studies confirmed the maintenance of graft function, morphologic appearance, and tolerance to repetitive punctures. PMID- 1244814 TI - Doppler jugular flow velocity to differentiate cardiac tamponade from failure. AB - Jugular venous flow velocity (JVFV) was analyzed by the directional Doppler velocity detector in an experimental model to distinguish postoperative acute cardiac tamponade from myocardial failure in eight dogs. Cardiac tamponade was produced by infusion of saline solution into the pericardial cavity; acute myocardial failure was created by temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and circumflex coronary artery. A decrease in mean arterial pressure of only 10% was associated with a decrease in JVFV of 30% +/- 6% (mean +/- SE) in the tamponade group compared to 10% +/- 2% in the myocardial failure group. The difference was statistically significant (P less than .005) and persisted to severe levels of hypotension. An increase in venous pressure to 8 mm Hg resulted in a decrease in JVFV of 41% +/- 11% in the tamponade group. Thus, there is an early notable decrease in JVFV in tamponade, which allows differentiation from myocardial failure. PMID- 1244815 TI - Creatine phosphokinase release as a measure of tourniquet effect on skeletal muscle. AB - In anesthetized dogs, a pneumatic tourniquet was applied to a hind limb for one, two, or three hours. Resultant ischemic damage to skeletal muscle was assessed by creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels in the femoral venous blood of the experimental limb after the tourniquet was released. The CPK levels did not rise after release of one-hour occlusion in three experiments. The elevation of CPK values was demonstrated after occlusion for two hours in three of four experiments, and after occlusion of three hours in all four experiments. When a three-hour occlusion was interrupted for 15 minutes after each hour in three experiments, elevation of CPK levels was minimal or absent. Thus, skeletal muscle injury, as measured by the level of venous CPK elevation, becomes apparent after two to three hours of occlusion and can be prevented by short periods of recirculation. PMID- 1244817 TI - A technique for T-tube cholangiography. PMID- 1244816 TI - Experimental evaluation of primary repair of colonic injuries. AB - To evaluate the management of colonic injuries, experimental models simulating acute injuries of the colon were studied utilizing New Zealand white rabbits. Seventy-nine rabbits underwent primary repair of colonic injuries in the presence of massive contamination and none showed any evidence of anastomotic leakage or breakdown. The fact that primary colonic repairs do heal even in the presence of infection suggests that breakdown of colonic anastomosis results from factors other than infection. Despite the absence of anastomotic leaks in this series, morbidity and mortality were high in those animals not given antibiotics. The high morbidity and mortality were due to peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and wound infection, and were directly proportional to the length of time from colonic injury to repair. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that most isolated injuries of the colon can be closed primarily, if antibiotic therapy is begun immediately after injury and continued throughout the operative and postoperative periods. PMID- 1244818 TI - Giant pilomatrixoma (Malherbe calcifying epithelioma). AB - The pilomatrixoma (Malherbe calcifying epithelioma) starts as a skin lesion, bearing a superficial resemblance to the common inclusion or sebaceous cysts. One of the largest cysts recorded appeared in a 56-year-old woman as an ulcerated, locally invasive tumor. The cyst demonstrated the typical ghost (shadow) cells, basophilic cells, keratin pearls, and calcifications. The lesion responded to wide excision and skin grafting. The result 17 months later was most satisfactory. PMID- 1244819 TI - Serosal tears following colonoscopy. AB - After colonoscopic perforation, laparotomy was performed in a 28-year-old woman. Seromuscular tears and lacerations were found in an adjacent loop of sigmoid colon that appeared normal through the colonoscope. At laparotomy, the mucosa of that loop was entirely intact. Six weeks later, a laparotomy was again performed, revealing well-healed lacerations with extensive adhesion formation. The incidence of this complication in patients undergoing colonoscopy is unknown. PMID- 1244820 TI - Endoscopic removal of submucosal colonic lipomas. AB - Although lipomas of the colon are second only to adenomatous polyps in frequency of benign lesions of the large bowel, they occur relatively rarely. These lesions are reported to be symptomatic in 15% to 91% of cases. Endoscopically, the lipoma is soft and pliable and appears globular and covered by pale "normal" tunica mucosa. The treatment of choice is colonoscopy and snare excision because of the potential hazards of bleeding and bowel obstruction and because the diagnosis can be confirmed only by histologic examination. PMID- 1244821 TI - Transverse colon volvulus in pediatric patients. PMID- 1244822 TI - Letter: Abortion vs manslaughter. PMID- 1244823 TI - Letter: Preventing ulcer bleeding in multiple systems failure. PMID- 1244824 TI - The posterior triangle in radical neck surgery. AB - We evaluate the importance of cancer spread to the lymphatic system in the posterior triangle. The posterior triangle tissues of 51 radical neck specimens were serially sectioned and studied for metastic involvement. The findings were correlated with the findings in the anterior triangle and the primary tumor. Of the 51 neck operations performed, 25 were elective and 26 were therapeutic for carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity. Metastasis in the anterior triangles was detected in 88.4% of the therapeutic group and in 24.0% of the elective group. However, no metastasis in the posterior triangel was found in either group, regardless of the site of the tumor. We suggest that the posterior triangle can be totally preserved in radical neck surgery, which may make preservation of the spinal accessory nerve a more likely practice. PMID- 1244825 TI - Nasal sarcoidosis. AB - Nasal sarcoidosis may affect nasal skin, mucosa, or bone separately or simulataneously. Its incidence in patients with systemic sarcoid was once thought to be low, but this may be due to lack of proper intranasal examination and awareness of its existence by physicians who are more preoccupied with lung and other visceral involvement. The otolaryngologist should be aware of nasal sarcoidosis because nasal obstruction or drainage secondary to nasal sarcoidosis may be the first and only manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis. The otolaryngologist can diagnose this disease earlier in its course by being aware of its existence. PMID- 1244826 TI - Goblet cell density in Eustachian tube of children. AB - In 13 clinically normal infants and children between the ages of 9 days and 14 years, the entire mucosa from the Eustachian tube was dissected and stained by the PAS-Alcian blue whole-mount method, and the density of goblet cells was determined in 360 counting fields. This disclosed an extreme dispersion of median density in the various parts, due to a physiological increase through childhood, an increase in the osseous or cartilaginous part, and in the entire Eustachian tube due to pathologic actions such as tubal occlusion, recurrent or protracted catarrhal conditions, regurgitations, and duodenal intubation. After the pathologic stimulation has ceased, the density falls, presumably to the limit normal for the age concerned. PMID- 1244827 TI - Pathologic findings in gouty cricoarytenoid arthritis. AB - The clinical manifestations of cricarytenoid joint gouty arthritis have been previously reported. They include hoarseness, dysphagia, and dysphonia. Exacerbation of gouty laryngeal arthritis can accompany multiple joint involvement or appear as a single joint manifestation. The development of laryngeal symptoms in the patient with arthritix calls for prompt indirect laryngoscopy. The phonatory and sphincteric functions of the larynx are severely altered by limited cricoarytenoid joint fixations. PMID- 1244828 TI - Frequency responses of office electronystagmography machines. AB - The high and low frequency characteristics of clinically used electronystagmography (ENG) machines were evaluated using a "dummy patient" calibration source. About one half of the machines yielded tracings that were either seriously divergent from specifications or that otherwise inaccurately reproduced the calibration wave form. Some of these differences do affect the accuracy and quality of clinical recordings. PMID- 1244829 TI - A proposed audiometric symbol system for scholarly publications. PMID- 1244830 TI - Sensorineural deafness due to osteitis fibrosa. AB - A 91-year-old woman with deafness died from renal failure. Autopsy revealed osteitis fibrosa cystica generalisata, chronic myeloid leukemia, renal atrophy, and hyperplastic parathyroid glands. The temporal bones showed senile osteoporosis, osteitis fibrosa, and chronic myeloid leukemia. The inner ears showed extensive degeneration of cochlear sensorineural elements. The perilymph showed a general increased staining reaction with hematoxylin-eosin that was most evident in localized areas, where marrow spaces of osteitis fibrosa communicated directly with perilymph. It appears that the active diseased marrow exerted a toxic effect on the sensorineural elements of the cochlea by diffusion through the perilymph. PMID- 1244831 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the maxilla. AB - Hemangiopericytoma is a vascular tumor that typically occurs in the soft tissues of the extremities and trunk, and only rarely occurs in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. We report a case of hemangiopericytoma of the maxilla and review the pertinent literature. Based on a propensity for local recurrence and occasional metastasis, a radical excision was performed. PMID- 1244832 TI - Stellate ganglion blocks for idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Fifty-six patients, treated with a series of anesthetizing blocks of the stellate ganglion for idiopathic sudden sensorineural loss, were compared with 20 patients of similar diagnosis who were treated by other means as to amount of pure-tone gain, speech discrimination improvement, nature of symptoms, and delay in start of surgery. Seventy percent of the stellate-ganglion-block-treated patients achieved substantial hearing improvement. Only 15% to 20% of the non-stellate ganglion-block-treated patients achieved substantial hearing improvement in discrimination or pure-tone levels. The delay time from onset of symptoms to start of stellate block therapy appears to be important. The type of tinnitus, presence or absence of vertigo, and fullness in the ear may be useful prognostic signs. PMID- 1244833 TI - Cryosurgery of supraglottic cavernous hemangioma. AB - Cryosurgery is gaining more and more importance as a therapeutic modality within the field of head and neck surgery. It has been used effectively in the treatment of cavernous hemangiomas of the skin and oral cavity. Supraglottic vanernous hemangiomas present a challenge in management when surgical intervention is indicated. The results of cryosurgery in the treatment of such a lesion are reported. PMID- 1244834 TI - Percutaneous embolization to control epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. AB - Recurrent epistaxis is the most common manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease), a disorder characterized by widely scattered visceral, dermal, and mucosal vascular lesions. Emergency measures applied locally may control acute hemorrhage, but seldom result in long-term benefit. Recently, we have had the opportunity of performing bilateral carotid angiographic examination on a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia who was suffereing from severe intractable epistaxis. At the time of angiographic examination, embolization of both internal maxillary arteries was accomplished, and control of the epistaxis was achieved. In the patient with severe epistaxis that is unresponsive to local measures, percutaneous embolization offers substantial advantages over surgical intervention. PMID- 1244835 TI - Action of growth hormone in vitro on the net uptake and incorporation in protein of amino acids in muscle from intact rabbits given protein-deficient diets. AB - 1. Net amino acid uptake, and incorporation into protein have been measured in vitro in the presence and absence of porcine growth hromone (GH) in muscle from intact rabbits fed for 5 d on low-protein (LP), protein-free (PF) or control diets. 2. In muscle from control and LP animals GH had no effect on the net amino acid uptake but stimulate amino acid incorporation into protein, although this response was less in LP animals than in control animals. 3. In muscle of PF animals, GH stimulated both amino acid incorporation into protein and the net amino acid uptake, a type of response which also occurs in hypophysectomized animals. The magnitude of the effect of GH on the incorporation of amino acids into protein was reduced in muscle from PF animals. 4. The effect of GH on the net amino acid uptake in PF animals was completely blocked by cycloheximide; the uptake effect of GH in these animals was dependent therefore on de novo protein synthesis. 5. It is proprosed that in the adult the role of growth hormone in protein metabolism is to sustain cellular protein synthesis when there is a decrease in the level of substrate amino acids, similar to that which occurs during a short-term fast or when the dietary protein intake is inadequate. PMID- 1244836 TI - The diets of preschool children in Newcastle upon Tyne, 1968-71. AB - 1. Ninety-one families containing 140 children under 4 years of age at enrolment were studied. At 1-monthly intervals, the children were weighed and measured and qualitative information about feeding habits was obtained. Weighed dietary surveys for periods of 5 d were made at approximately 8 months, 3 years, and 5 years of age; there were forty-six failures in 260 surveys attempted. 2. At the four specified ages, mean energy intakes were 3-75, 5-03, 5-82 and 6-75 MJ (896, 1203, 1392 and 1613 kcal)/d respectively. At 8 months, milk products provided on average, 43% of the total energy intake, and commerical baby foods provided 17%. These values decreased to 21 and 2% respectively at 20 months and there was little further change therafter. 3. Average intake of energy and of most nutrients met recommended intakes (Department of Health and Social Security, 1969). Iron intakes were marginal, and vitamin D intakes were low. 4. The energy intake of boys was significantly higher than that of the girls at 3 years of age, but the boys were not significantly heavier. The energy intake of children from "manual-worker" families was higher than that from "non-manual" families. Similarly, the energy intake of children from larger families was higher than that of children from smaller families. 5. Energy intakes were correlated with body-weights and with rates of gain in weight. Irrespective of body-weight, "big eaters" at 20 months tended to be "big eaters" at 3 years also. PMID- 1244837 TI - The effect of molybdenum on the conversion of sulphate to sulphide and microbial protein-sulphur in the rumen of sheep. AB - 1. [35S]sulphate was used to measure the apparent turnover of sulphate, sulphide and microbial-protein-S in the rumen contents of four sheep that were intraruminally infused with 10 g sodium sulphate/d alone, or together with 126 mg sodium molybdate (50 mg molybdenum). 2. Infusion of molybdate increased the concentration of sulphate in rumen fluid from 2.2 to 7.2 mug S/ml and decreased the rate of reduction of sulphate to sulphide by 50%. Although the rate of sulphide production was slower, the concentration of sulphide in the rumen is suggested to explain these changes. 3. In animals that were not infused with molybdate, only one-third of the S (3.0 g/d) that passed through the sulphate pool in rumen fluid was converted to sulphide, decreasing to one-sixth when molybdate was infused. 4. The turnover of S amino acids in microbial protein was not significantly affected by molybdate. Only 52-57% of the S amino acid content of microbial protein was synthesized de novo by way of the sulphide pool. PMID- 1244838 TI - Biotin deficiency and fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks given purified diets containing different fat and protein levels. AB - 1. The occurence of biotin deficiency and fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS) in chicks was studied using a 2x2x2x2 factorial-design experiment in which the variables were dietary biotin, fat and protein, and starvation. 2. The severity of biotin deficiency, using growth retardation and severity of dermal lesions as criteria, was least when the low-biotin diet also contained low levels of fat and protein. Addition of fat or protein increased the severity of the deficiency. Tissue fatty acid composition was affected by biotin deficiency only in those birds given the low-protein, low-fat diet. The main change was an increase in the ratio, 16:1 fatty acids :18:0 fatty acids. Plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels in non-fasted birds were unaffected by the dietary variables. 3. Mortality from FLKS with the diet containing low biotin, fat and protein levels was 52% at 28d, but was reduced or eliminated when the dietary level of any of these ingredients was increased. 4. Starvation considerably increased the incidnece of FLKS in the period immediately after fasting, and also affected plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations. Liver fatty acid composition, indicated an increase in the proportion of 18:0 at the expense of 16:1 and concentrations increased in proportion, at the expense of 18:0. 5. The relationship between biotin deficiency and FLKS, and a possible mechanism for the induction of FLKS by starvation are discussed. PMID- 1244839 TI - Further studies of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in sheep. AB - 1. A study of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep was made using isotope dilution techniques with (15NH4)2SO4,[15N]urea and [14C]urea in order to determine quantitatively the movements of urea-N and NH3-N throughout the body of normal, feeding sheep. 2. Single injections of 15N-labelled compounds were made into the rumen fluid NH3, caecal fluid NH3 and the blood urea pools, in order to estimate the rates of flux through, and the transfer of N between, these and other nitrogenous pools in the body. 51CrEDTA was injected into the rumen and caecum with (15NH4)2SO4 to allow estimation of fluid volumes and to provide an indication of mixing, and of times of transit of isotopes between different sampling sites in the digestive tract. 3. The sheep ate approximately 22 g lucerne chaff/h and the mean dietary N intake was 16-3 g/d. 4. The rate of flux of NH3 through the rumen NH3 pool was 15-0 g/d (i.e. 90% of the dietary N ingested; however, this amount also included N from plasma urea (1-1 g/d) and other endogenous sources including NH3 derived from caecal NH3 (0-4 g/d). 5. Only 40% of the N in isolated rumen bacteria was derived from NH3, indicating that a considerable proportion of their N requirements were obtained from compounds other than NH3 (e.g. peptides and amino acids). 6. There was evidence of recycling of N between nitrogenous pools in the rumen, probably through rumen NH3 leads to microbial N leads to NH3. 7. It was estimated that 5-3 g blood urea-N/d entered the digestive tract; 20% of this urea was degraded in the rumen, 25% in the caecum and the remainder was apparently degraded elsewhere; there was evidence of urea degradation in the large intestine posterior to the caecum and it is suggested that urea degradation and absorption of the resultant NH3 may occur in the ileum. 8. Of the 4-8 g N/d entering the caecal NH3 pool, 4-2 g N/d left and did not return and the difference (0-6 g N/d) was recycled, possibly through caecal NH3 leads to microbial N leads to NH3. 9. A large proportion of the NH3 entering the caecal NH3 pool (70% or 3-2 g N/d) was apparently derived from degradation of nitrogenous products, other than urea, including rumen microbial N (1-0 g N/d) passing undigested from the small intestine. 10. Less than half the NH3-N of caecal origin entering the rumen passed through the blood urea pool; the remainder was apparently transported as other nitrogenous compounds in the blood or body fluids. 11. The results of the three experiments were combined in a general three-pool, open-compartment model which formally recognizes an unlimited number of other unspecified, interconnected pools together comprising the whole-animal system. Rates of flux through, and transfer of N between these and other nitrogenous pools in the body were calculated by solving this model and the information derived has been applied to whole-animal models with a view to subsequently using these models in computer simulation studies. PMID- 1244840 TI - Simulation of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in sheep. AB - 1. The results of isotope tracer studies of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in mature sheep were used to construct a seven-pool mathematical model. 2. The model was extended to a nine-pool model, which incorporates lags describing the time taken for the passage of digesta through the gut of sheep. 3. Simulation studies using these models satisfactorily predicted results of independent experiments. 4. The dynamics of N metabolism in sheep appear to be best approximately by first-order kinetics; that is, many of the important N transport processes are substantially linear or concentration-dependent. PMID- 1244841 TI - Resistance to ketosis during prolonged fasting by rats fed on a diet containing undecanoic acid, an odd-carbon-number fatty acid. AB - 1. Sixty-four male rats were fed on a nutritionally complete diet containing 30% of the dietary energy as fat. For thirty-two rats (control) the fat source was maize oil; for the remaining thirty-two rats (experimental) the fat source was triundecanoin-maize oil (7:3, w/w). 2. After 6 weeks, groups of control and experimental rats were fasted and killed on days 0, 1, 2, and 4 of the fasting period. In the experimental group, adipose-tissue fatty acids contained, on average, 246 mmol undecanoic acid/mol total fatty acids. In contrast, the adipose tissue of the control group did not contain odd-carbon-number fatty acids. 3. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher for all fasted experimental groups and blood ketone levels were significantly lower for these groups. 4. Thus, during prolonged starvation, animals which accumulated odd-C-number fatty acids resisted the development of ketosis. It appeared that odd-C-number fatty acids mobilized from fat depots during fasting may provide their terminal three-C residues for gluconeogenesis rather than for acetyl-CoA production, thereby allowing for better maintenance of blood glucose and insulin levels than in control animals. 5. It is concluded that the lower acetyl-CoA production and higher blood insulin levels reduce ketogenesis. PMID- 1244842 TI - The efficacy of protein supplementation in overcoming urea toxicity in sheep. AB - 1. In the first experiment sheep taken from pasture were given a low-protein diet for six weeks in individual pens. Then, for 1 week, groups were given a supplement of lucerne chaff, safflower meal or lucerne chaff plus safflower meal. In the second experiment eighteen sheep maintained on lucerne chaff rather than pasture were then depleted of protein to a greater extent by feeding on a restricted low-protein diet. Six of the sheep received a supplement of molasses throughout the period of protein depletion while six of the sheep on the basal ration received a supplement of safflower meal after 6 weeks on the low-protein diet. 2. The urea tolerance of the sheep, is indicated by blood ammonia levels after oral dosing with aqueous solutions of urea, was determined after the period of supplementation. "Arginine synthetase" activity (combined activities of argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) and argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1) was determined in liver samples obtained by biopsy at various intervals during the experiment. 3. Supplementation for 7 d with 73 g crude protein (nitrogen X 6-25)/d increased the tolerance to urea as indicated by reduced blood NH3 levels, and also increased "arginine synthetase" activity. 4. Giving supplements of molasses delayed the onset of urea toxicity but not the extent of toxicity. 5. It is suggested that short-term feeding of protein concentrates to sheep before giving urea supplements can increase their tolerance to urea. PMID- 1244843 TI - Lack of effect on blood lipid and calcium concentrations of young men on changing from white to wholemeal bread. AB - 1. When nineteen "free-living" male students, who normally ate 231 (SEM 14) g white bread/d changed to wholemeal bread for a 19-week period, there was no significant change in body-weight, plasma cholesterol or plasma triglyceride levels. These values, as well as plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, urate and haemoglobin, remained essentially the same as those for a control group. 2. Increasing the wheat-fibre intake by eating wholemeal bread is not an effective method for reducing blood lipids levels, at least in healthy young men with a moderate bread intake. PMID- 1244844 TI - Protein absorption and ammonia production: the effects of dietary protein and removal of the colon. AB - 1. The effect of increasing dietary protein content on the amount of faecal nitrogen was measured in six normal subjects and five subjects without functioning colons (three with ileostomy and two with ileo-rectal anastomosis). 2. There was a significant inontent in the subjects without functioning colons. 3. In normal subjects with intact colons, faceal N content was found to be lower than that in subjects without colons, and furthermore there was no significant variation with diet. 4. The source of the increase in faecal N with increased dietary protein content in subjects without functioning colons is discussed and the significance of these findings in relation to the efficiency of protein absorption is considered. PMID- 1244845 TI - The effects of low-dose gamma-irradiation on the wholesomeness of mangoes (Mangifera indica) as determined by short-term feeding studies using rats. AB - 1. A control diet and diets containing 150 g non-irradiated or 150 g irradiated mangopulp/kg were given to female rats from day 15 of the gestation period until weaning in trials 1 and 2, and from 40 d before mating until 28 d post weaning in trial 3. 2. Food intake and dry-matter digestibility were similar with all diets. 3. There were no significant differences between animals given the different dietary regimens in the daily body-weight changes of weanling males, pups, nursing females or females during the immediate postlactation period. 4. No differences in haematological or blood chemistry values were found which could be attributed to the ingestion of irradiated mangoes. There was no evidence for the presence of any toxic substances in the irradiated-mango-pulp diet. 5. Gross pathological observations revealed no aberrations which could be related to the ingestion of irradiated mangoes. 6. It may be concluded that the wholesomeness of mangoes was not affected by gamma-irradiation at a dose of 75 krd. PMID- 1244846 TI - The effect of feeding frequency on the growth on composition of individual organs in the rat. AB - 1. The effect of consuming the same total amount of food in either one large meal or several small meals per d was studied using weanling male rats. 2. The increase in total body-weight was the same in both instances, but the weights of the liver, kidneys, femur, small intestine and stomach were greater, and those of the spleen and residual carcass were smaller, in meal-eating rats than in continuously fed control animals. These differences persisted into the adult state. 3. No differences in gross chemical compositions were found between the corresponding organs of the two groups of rats, and the differences in weight appeared to be the result of changes in the general growth rate of individual organs. 4. The hypertrophy of the kidneys in meal-eaters was due to an increase in mean cell size, but the increased weight of the liver and reduced weight of the spleen appeared to be largely the result of changes in the number of cells present. PMID- 1244847 TI - Percent satellite DNA as a function of tissue and age of mice. AB - A selective loss of satellite DNA was found to occur to different extents as a function of tissue and age of mice using several common DNA extraction and purification procedures. This result emphasizes a serious problem that may be encountered in comparative studies of DNA structure and composition if selective loss of specific DNA sequences occurs. We have developed a DNA extraction and purification procedure that is simple and reliable and gives a high percent DNA yield, which substantially reduces the selective loss of heterochromatin DNA sequences. The method features a centrifugation step of a proteolytic digest of chromatin in 2.4 M CsCl. Percent DNA yield of 82-98% are routinely obtained with no apparent loss of satellite DNA sequences from different tissues or ages of mice. Utilizing this method, percent satellite DNA was found to remain essentially constant at 11 +/- 1% for spleen, kidney, and brain tissues obtained from mice of 10-780 days of age. However, for liver, percent satellite DNA remained at about 7-8% from 10 to 300 days of age and then increased to about 12 13% from 300 to 600 days of age. During this latter time interval (300-600 days), an increase of DNA per nucleus of about 3-fold occurred, due to the formation of tetra- and octaploid cell types. A steady loss in the total number of nuclei per gram of liver as a function of age was also found. These two opposing effects resulted in a nearly constant amount of DNA per gram and per organ for liver throughout the lifespan of the mouse. PMID- 1244848 TI - Ribosomal cistrons in higher plant cells. I. A definitive scheme for the maturation pathway of the primary transcriptional product of ribosomal cistrons in Acer pseudoplatanus L. cells. AB - 1. Four precursor ribosomal RNAs have been previously characterized in cultured sycamore cells (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). The present paper reports a study of the two smallest ones. 2. (Me-3H)-labelling of the precursor and mature rRNAs has been submitted to kinetic analysis. From pulse-chase experiments it is concluded that the 27S and 20S precursor rRNAs behave like intermediate molecules in the maturation of the 42S and 36S precursor rRNAs into the 26S and 17S components. They are direct precursors to the cytoplasmic and mature rRNAs. 3. Base composition analyses have been performed on carefully purified molecules. They show that the 27S and 20S precursor rRNAs arise from a single cleavage of the 36S precursor rRNA. In addition, they strongly suggest that the 27S and 20S precursor rRNAs can be taken as specific precursors to the 26S and 17S rRNAs, respectively. These results are reinforced by DNA - RNA hybridization experiments, the measured values being in good agreement with the theoretical ones expected from a specific relationship between the four smallest molecules. Base-compositions of the conserved and non-conserved nucleotide sequences of the primary transcriptional product have been estimated or calculated. 4. On the basis of the present results and those previously reported, a scheme for the biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA in sycamore cells is proposed. PMID- 1244849 TI - Ribosomal cistrons in higher plant cells. II. Sequence homology between the two mature rRNAs of sycamore cells and intracistronic reiteration. A DNA - rRNA hybridization study. AB - 1. Uniformly labelled rRNA of sycamore cells has been annealed with homologous DNA. The fractions of DNA complementary to the 17S, or 26S, or 17S + 26S rRNAs are found to be 0.19%, 0.15% and 0.23%. They are not in the ratio of the molecular weight values (0.8, 1.2 and 2 - 10(6), respectively for the 17S, 26S and 17S + 26S rRNAs). This result is compatible with the large hybridization competition observed between the two rRNAs (53 and 72%) and with the shift-down of saturation curves when DNA is presaturated with unlabelled rRNA before the incubation with the other labelled rRNA. 2. Under the selected experimental procedure, the DNA - rRNA hybrids formed appear to be specific. Since there is an equal number of structural genes for the 17S and 26S rRNAs, these results mean the occurrence of a great sequence homology, strictly restricted to the two rRNAs. Homologous and specific sequences have been estimated to 0.1 and 0.7, or 0.85 and 0.35 million daltons, respectively in the 17S or 26S structural genes. 3. From the calculated lengths of homologous sequences, an intracistronic reiteration of some ribosomal sequences can be deduced. This internal reiteration is directly evidenced by the complex pattern of DNA - rRNA annealing curves. As demonstrated by base-composition analysis, the internal reiteration is heterogeneous and concerns both the homologous and specific sequences. In addition, the DNA saturation values allow the calculation of 4000 copies for the ribosomal cistron in the whole sycamore genome. PMID- 1244850 TI - RNA synthesis in isolated HeLa cell nuclei. AB - RNA synthesis has been studied in isolated nuclei of HeLa cells. The incubation medium has been optimized for RNA synthesis and the requirements for the presence of specific components previously used by other investigators has been examined. Nuclei isolated by centrifugation through 2 M sucrose synthesize RNA linearly for at least 1 h only at low temperature (25 degrees C). Low molecular weight RNA is found in the supernatant fraction after incubation; this RNA accounts for about 10% of the RNA synthesized. The RNA which remains within nuclei is of high molecular weight and processing of this RNA into molecules of the size of cytoplasmic mRNA does not seem to occur in isolated nuclei. We have studied the effect of an inhibitor of protein-nucleic acid interaction - aurintricarboxylic acid - on RNA synthesis by isolated nuclei. At concentrations below 0.1 mM, this drug does not inhibit RNA synthesis effectively, whereas at concentrations above 0.1 mM it inhibits RNA synthesis by about 80%. In view of the proposed mechanism of action of aurintricarboxylic acid, we suggest that completion of nucleotide chains initiated before nuclei isolation accounts for 20% of the RNA synthesized in our system by isolated nuclei, whereas nucleotide chains initiated during the in vitro incubation account for 80% of the RNA synthesized. PMID- 1244851 TI - Influence of temperature and magnesium ions on the secondary and tertiary structures of tRNAPhe and 23 S RNA - infrared investigations. AB - Band splitting and/or bands shifting in opposite directions due to coupling of vibrations of neighboring groups observed in the infrared spectra of tRNAPhe and 23 S RNA give information on the secondary structure. The base pairing, dependent on temperature, is investigated, discussing coupling effects with the base residues' vibrations in the region 1700-1500 cm-1. The secondary structure of the backbone is studied, discussing coupling effects with vibrations in the region 1300-1000 cm-1. The 2'OH groups are cross-linked with the O atoms of the neighboring ribose residues via hydrogen bonds. Probably the greater than PO-2 groups are turned inward at the backbone, i.e. towards the base residues. The base pairs as well as the secondary structure of the backbone melt with increasing temperature and with dialysis against distilled water. The comparison of the Mg2+ and the K+ salts of the tRNAPhe shows that the changes of base pairing due to Mg2+ are small. At the backbone, however, Mg2+ favor somewhat more the discussed secondary structure than K+ does. All Mg2+ effects on secondary structure are, however, too small to explain the considerable increase in melting temperature due to Mg2+. Thus it is supposed that the rise in the melting temperature due to Mg2+ is not caused by a change in secondary but in the tertiary structure of tRNAPhe. Furthermore, the influence of Mg2+ on the secondary structure of 23 S RNA is studied. The following results are obtained: (1) The double helical regions become more compact and probably increase due to the influence of Mg2+. (2) At the backbone, Mg2+ induces strong hydrogen bonding between the 2'OH groups and the ether O atoms of neighboring ribose residues. Probably they turn the greater than PO-2 groups toward the base residues, i.e., inward at the backbone. Schulte, Morrison and Garrett found that a critical level of Mg2+ is required for binding certain proteins to rRNA (Biochemistry (1974) 13, 1032). Thus the observed conformation is probably necessary for binding these proteins. PMID- 1244852 TI - Inactive form of edeine in the edeine-producing Bacillus brevis Vm 4 cells. AB - 1. Exogenous edeine inhibits the synthesis of DNA and protein, but not that of RNA, in extracts of edeine-producing Bacillus brevis Vm 4 cells. This is analogous to the effect of edeine on extracts obtained from edeine-sensitive cells. 2. Producer cells, in contrast to sensitive ones, are not permeable to exogenous edeine. DNA synthesis in producer cells rendered permeable by toluene treatment becomes sensitive to edeine. 3. No free edeine could be detected in post-log producer cells during maximal synthesis of edeine. Nascent edeine exists in the cell in a biologically inactive form, bound to a fast-sedimenting fraction. Edeine B, identical to the antibiotic present in the medium, is released from this fraction by mild treatment with alkali. PMID- 1244853 TI - Phosphorylation of ribosome-associated proteins during the mammalian cell cycle. Unique phosphorylation of a specific protein during mitosis. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cells in monolayer culture were incubated with [32P] phosphate. Ribosome-associated proteins, including both structural proteins and those tightly bound to washed, centrifuged ribosomes, were isolated and separated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The electrophoretic pattern showed five major regions or peaks of 32P radioactivity which represented phosphorylated ribosome-associated proteins with molecular weights of 17 500, 23 000, 30 000, 38 000, and 57 000. When asynchronous cells were pulse-labeled with [32P] phosphate, the predominant peak of 32P radioactivity was associated with the protein of 38 000 daltons. Similar results were obtained with cells synchronized in the G1, S, or G2 phase of the mammalian cell cycle. Conversely, proteins isolated from the ribosomes of mitotic cells, collected and labeled with [32P] phosphate in the presence of colcemid, showed a new and predominant peak of 32P radioactivity migrating with a protein of 45 000 daltons. When cells labeled in mitosis were allowed to progress into G1 phase, this peak of 32P radioactivity rapidly disappeared from the electrophoretic pattern. These results suggest that a specific protein associated with the ribosomes was phosphorylated uniquely during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 1244854 TI - The synthesis of connective tissue protein in smooth muscle cells. AB - The synthesis of elastin by smooth muscle cells was clearly demonstrated by amino acid analyses and the presence of lysine-derived crosslinks. The values obtained were compatible with those found in amorphous elastin isolated from rabbit aortic tissue. Collagen synthesis by these same cells was monitored by the appearance of [14C] hydroxyproline when the cells were grown in the presence of [14C] proline. When the cells were pulsed with [14C] lysine, one could detect [14C] hydroxylysine and [14C] glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine. Further evidence for the synthesis of elastin and collagen was the finding of radiolabelled epsilon hydroxynorleucine and the reduced aldol condensate of two residues of allysine after reduction of [14C] lysine pulsed cells with NaBH4. PMID- 1244855 TI - Proton magnetic relaxation studies of mixed phosphatidylcholine/fatty acid and mixed phosphatidylcholine bimolecular bilayers. AB - High resolution proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1), spin-spin relaxation times (T2) and resonance linewidths were measured above the gel-to-liquid crystal transition temperature (Tm), in phosphatidylcholine bilayers possessing various degrees of intramolecular motional anisotrophy at the level of various alkyl chain proton groups. The experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that coupled trans-gauche isomerizations along the chains can be responsible for the anisotropic motion of phosphatidylcholine proton groups in bilayer membranes (Horwitz, A.F., Horsley, W.J. and Klein, M.O. (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 69,500). Systematic series of structural perturbations of the bilayer were achieved in mixed phosphatidylcholine/fatty acid and in mixed phosphatidylcholine bilayers where the degree of motional anisotrophy of the chains' proton groups was gradually reduced by progressively increasing the chain length disparity of the two components. The systematic T1 and T2 variations observed were interterpreted on the basis of the Woessner's treatment for computing the relaxation times of a spin pair reorienting randomly about an axis which, in turn, tumbles randomly (Woessner, D.E. (1962) J. Chem. Phys. 36, 1). The results confirmed in a qualitative sense the original hypothesis made by Horwitz et al. The time-averaged structural interpretations suggested by the mangetic relaxation studies are in agreement with low-angle X-ray diffraction results obtained below Tm. In addition, the T1 values evaluated at various temperatures in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles incorporated with either 2H-labeled or unlabeled palmitic acid chains indicated that the average intermolecular contribution to the spin-lattice relaxation rate of the proton groups of the phosphatidylcholine chains appears comparable to the intramolecular term at temperatures moderately higher than Tm, but becomes less and less important as the temperature is further increased above the thermal transition. PMID- 1244856 TI - Inhibition of protein kinase activity and amino acid and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside transport by diamide. AB - Dizene dicarboxylic acid bis-(N,N-dimethylamide), commonly called diamide, is known to oxidize stoichiometrically intracellular pools of reduced glutathione and inhibit the accumulation of sugars and amino acids by rat kidney slices. Incubation of rat cortical slices in diamide also leads to a significant decrease in the level of endogenous protein kinase activity. The inhibition of sugar and amino acid transport and protein kinase activity by diamide is partially reversible by the addition of exogenous glutathione or other thiols. A comparison of protein kinase activity with amino acid and sugar transport at various concentrations of diamide indicates that there is a high degree of correlation between these two processes. PMID- 1244857 TI - Temperature dependence of uridine transport in quiescent and serum-stimulated 3T3 cells. AB - (1) The kinetics of uptake of uridine into 3T3 cells have been measured as a function of concentration in the temperature range 5-37 degrees C, for both quiescent and serum-stimulated cells. (2) The maximun velocity of uridine uptake is increased some ten-fold by adding serum, but the hald-saturation concentration is not systematically affected in this temperature range. (3) A detailed study of the temperature dependence of the maximum velocity of transport in the range 4-43 degrees C shows that the activation energy of uridine transport is not increased following serum activation. (4) The data suggest that any change in membrane fluidity that might occur as a result of serum activation does not in itself lead to a more rapid rate of turn over of the individual uridine carriers. It would appear, rather, that there is an increase in the number of functional uridine carriers. PMID- 1244858 TI - Structural and dynamical studies of mixed chlorophyll/phosphatidylcholine bilayers via x-ray diffraction, absorption polarization spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The structure and dynamics of phosphatidylcholine bilayers containing chlorophyll were studied by X-ray diffraction and absorption polarization spectroscopy in the form of hydrated orientated multilayers below the thermal phase transition of the lipid chains and by nuclear magnetic resonance in the form of single-wall vesicles above the thermal transition. Our results show that (a) chlorophyll is incorporated into the phosphatidylcholine bilayers with its porphyrin ring located anisotropically in the polar headgroup layer of the membrane and with its phytol chain penetrating in a relatively extended form between the phosphatidylcholine fatty acid chains in the hydrocarbon core of the mixed bilayer membrane and (b) the intramolecular anisotropic rotational dynamics of the host phosphatidylcholine molecules are significantly perturbed upon chlorophyll incorporation into the bilayer at all levels of the phosphatidylcholine structure. These dynamics for the host phosphatidylcholine fatty acids chains are qualitatively different from that of the incorporated chlorophyll phytol chains on a 10(-9)-10(-10)s time scale in the ideally mixed two-component bilayer. PMID- 1244859 TI - Alpha-Glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolase of rabbit small intestine. Localization in the brush border and separation from other brush border peptidases. AB - About 70% of the total mucosal enzymatic activity hydrolyzing beta-L-glutamyl beta-naphthylamide in the rabbit small intestine is present in the brush border; the specific activity in this subcellular fraction is 7 times higher than that of the homogenate. Similar results are obtained for L-leucyl beta-naphthylamide hydrolase. The enzyme activity is efficiently solubilized by papain digestion and is clearly separated from L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolase by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. It probably represents a digestive peptidase, different from the other known peptide hydrolases of the digestive surface of the small intestine. PMID- 1244860 TI - Distribution of free sulfhydryl and disulfide groups among platelet membrane proteins. AB - Reactive sulfhydryl and disulfide groups were identified in platelet membrane proteins resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polycrylamide gel electrophoresis. Platelet membranes treated with N-ethyl(1-14C)maleimide, phenyl(203Hg)mercuric acetate and p-chloro(203Hg)mercuribenzoate showed similar patterns of distribution of sulfhydryl groups among the sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized membrane proteins. Four major and two minor polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from greater than 200 000 to 20 000 were found to have reactive SH groups. Reduction of membrane proteins by sulfite coupled with subsequent mercaptide formation of the resultant monothiols led to the identification of four polypeptides with disulfide bonds. Reaction of platelet membranes with 14C labeled 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) resulted changes in the distribution profile of the solubilized membrane proteins suggestive of a polymerization process dependent upon, 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-induced intermolecular disulfide interchange. PMID- 1244861 TI - The response of excitable membrane models to a cyclic input. PMID- 1244862 TI - Investigation of visual perception of position based on the reafferent theory. PMID- 1244863 TI - Signal transformation and pattern recognition in visual pathways. PMID- 1244864 TI - Geometry of binocular vision and a model for stereopsis. PMID- 1244865 TI - Existence of periodic solutions of a nerve equation. PMID- 1244866 TI - Sampled-data vectors: a new means for biological system identification. PMID- 1244867 TI - Absorption characteristics of oriented photopigments in microvilli. PMID- 1244868 TI - Synchronization of motor units and its simulation in parallel feedback system. PMID- 1244869 TI - The distribution of orientation of optimal stimuli for cells of striate cortex. PMID- 1244870 TI - [User-controlled analysis of behavioural time series by digital computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1244871 TI - Some system considerations of neuron pools with feedback. PMID- 1244872 TI - Fast adaptive formation of orthogonalizing filters and associative memory in recurrent networks of neuron-like elements. PMID- 1244873 TI - Neuron's firing time. PMID- 1244874 TI - Stochastic automaton models for the temporal pattern discrimination of nerve impulse sequences. PMID- 1244875 TI - A network model for control of inspiratory cutoff by the pneumotaxic center with supportive experimental data in cats. PMID- 1244876 TI - On reverberatory processes in homogeneous neuronal spaces. PMID- 1244877 TI - On the development of feature detectors in the visual cortex with applications to learning and reaction-diffusion systems. PMID- 1244878 TI - A directionally sensitive network. PMID- 1244879 TI - Photolysis and excitation in vertebrate photoreceptors. A theoretical analysis. PMID- 1244880 TI - Stabilometry and some aspects of its applications--a review. AB - This paper reviews some of the available literature on a comparatively new and rapidly developing method for the study of man's stability of stance, "stabilometry", and some aspects of its application. The principle of this method consists in translating the mechanical oscillations of man's physiological gravicentre into electrical signals, their amplification, recording, and analysis. The method may be used to carry out research in various specialised disciplines including clinical medicine, otorhinolaryngology, industrial and sports physiology. Additional application areas of stabilometry are aerospace medicine and the manufacture of artificial limbs. The purpose of this review is to direct the attention of investigators, physicians, and specialists toward the future development of this promising method. PMID- 1244881 TI - Transmembrane pressure stabiliser for haemodialysis. AB - A simple, new device for setting and maintaining the pressure for ultrafiltration during renal dialysis with a coil dialyser is described. Experimental evidence suggests that it has distinct advantages over the conventional method and in clinical use in more than 1,000 cases no difficulties have been encountered. PMID- 1244882 TI - A digital technique for linearising the output of a turbine anemometer. AB - A technique is described by which it is possible, using digital integrated circuits, to linearise the output of transducers which produce their output in serial digital form. The linearisation technique is used to improve the performance of an anemometer used in the measurement of pulmonary function. The new technique makes possible accurate paediatric measurements using transducers previously intended for adults. PMID- 1244883 TI - Electronic tooth stimulator for pain research. AB - It is not possible to measure pain but it is possible to measure the stimulus that causes it. Electrical stimuli are probably the most suitable since they can be readily produced and accurately measured. Applying stimuli to the teeth of human subjects is convenient and does not cause damage. This paper describes a tooth stimulator which is considered to be an advance on other available equipment, being easier to use and more accurate, as well as reassuring for the human patient or experimental subject. PMID- 1244884 TI - Equipment review: flexible endoscopes (2.1). PMID- 1244885 TI - Mode of action of a surgical electronic lithoclast--high speed pressure, cinematographic and schlieren recordings following an ultrashort underwater electronic discharge. AB - In order to investigate the mode of action of the electrical discharges from a surgical electronic lithoclast in shattering bladder stones high speed pressure time recordings were made. The results indicated effects similar to those following an underwater detonation of high explosive. Subsequent high speed photographic analysis confirmed this. Calculations based on the results suggested that the shock waves and pressure pulses generated were of a potentially hazardous magnitude and that gas-containing bowel close to the bladder might be at particular risk as well as solid tissue as the bladder wall. Photographic data also suggested that danger might be incurred by the use of similar devices in a small enclosed space such as the ureter or renal pelvis. PMID- 1244886 TI - Membrane viscoelasticity. AB - In this paper, we develop a theory for viscoelastic behavior of large membrane deformations and apply the analysis to the relaxation of projections produced by small micropipette aspiration of red cell discocytes. We show that this relaxation is dominated by the membrane viscosity and that the cytoplasmic and extracellular fluid flow have negligible influence on the relaxation time and can be neglected. From preliminary data, we estimate the total membrane "viscosity" when the membrane material behaves in an elastic solid manner. The total membrane viscosity is calculated to be 10(-3) dyn-s/cm, which is a surface viscosity that is about three orders of magnitude greater than the surface viscosity of lipid membrane components (as determined by "fluidity" measurements). It is apparent that the lipid bilayer contributes little to the fluid dynamic behavior of the whole plasma membrane and that a structural matrix dominates the viscous dissipation. However, we show that viscous flow in the membrane is not responsible for the temporal dependence of the isotropic membrane tension required to produce lysis and that the previous estimates of Rand, Katchalsky, et al., for "viscosity" are six to eight orders of magnitude too large. PMID- 1244887 TI - Membrane viscoplastic flow. AB - In this paper, a theory of viscoplasticity formulated by Prager and Hohenemser is developed for a two-dimensional membrane surface and applied to the analysis of the flow of "microtethers" pulled from red blood cells attached to glass substrates. The viscoplastic flow involves two intrinsic material constants: yield shear and surface viscosity. The intrinsic viscosity for plastic flow of membrane is calculated to be 1 X 10(-2) dyn-s/cm from microtether flow experiments, three orders of magnitude greater than surface viscosities of lipid membrane components. The fluid dissipation is dominated by the flow of a structural matrix which has exceeded its yield shear. The yield shear is the maximum shear resultant that the membrane can sustain before it begins to deform irreversibly. The yield shear is found to be in the range 2-8 X 10(-2) dyn/cm, two or three orders of magnitude smaller than the isotropic tension required to lyse red cells. PMID- 1244888 TI - A Fourier method for the analysis of exponential decay curves. AB - A method based on the Fourier convolution theorem is developed for the analysis of data composed of random noise, plus an unknown constant "base line," plus a sum of (or an integral over a continuous spectrum of) exponential decay functions. The Fourier method's usual serious practical limitation of needing high accuracy data over a very wide range is eliminated by the introduction of convergence parameters and a Gaussian taper window. A computer program is described for the analysis of discrete spectra, where the data involves only a sum of exponentials. The program is completely automatic in that the only necessary inputs are the raw data (not necessarily in equal intervals of time); no potentially biased initial guesses concerning either the number or the values of the components are needed. The outputs include the number of components, the amplitudes and time constants together with their estimated errors, and a spectral plot of the solution. The limiting resolving power of the method is studied by analyzing a wide range of simulated two-, three-, and four-component data. The results seem to indicate that the method is applicable over a considerably wider range of conditions than nonlinear least squares or the method of moments. PMID- 1244889 TI - Continuum reaction field calculation of dielectric constant and vapor pressures for water and carbon disulfide. AB - Continuum reaction field theory is applied to calculations of dielectric constant, contribution of intermolecular interactions to the free energy of a liquid, and heat of vaporization. Introduction of repulsive interactions and the use of one adjustable parameter, the free volume, enables prediction of vapor pressures. The calculations are illustrated for a simple nonpolar liquid, carbon disulfide, and for liquid water. It is shown that when Onsager's equation is rearranged to a quadratic equation, and a recently found value of the polarizability is employed, its solutions for liquid water yield good agreement with experimental values throughout the whole temperature range. The decrease of the dielectric constant with temperature is essentially linear with the inverse of absolute temperature, but there is additional significant decrease due to the decrease of density with temperature. The relatively high value of the heat of vaporization of liquid water is expressed in terms of large dipolar interaction of a water molecule with the environment, which is due to polarization effects. PMID- 1244890 TI - Interactions of aminopyridines with potassium channels of squid axon membranes. AB - The effects of aminopyridines on ionic conductances of the squid giant axon membrane were examined using voltage clamp and internal perfusion techniques. 4 Aminopyridine (4-AP) reduced potassium currents, but had no effect upon transient sodium currents. The block of potassium channels by 4-AP was substantially less with (a) strong depolarization to positive membrane potentials, (b) increasing the duration of a given depolarizing step, and (c) increasing the frequency of step depolarizations. Experiments with high external potassium concentrations revealed that the effect of 4-AP was independent of the direction of potassium ion movement. Both 3- and 2-aminopyridine were indistinguishable from 4-AP except in potency. It is concluded that aminopyrimidines may be used as tools to block the potassium conductance in excitable membranes, but only within certain specific voltage and frequency limits. PMID- 1244891 TI - Synaptic transmission in squid giant synapse after potassium conductance blockage with external 3- and 4-aminopyridine. PMID- 1244892 TI - Multiple excitations in photosynthetic systems. AB - The yield of fluorescence in Chlorella from a 7 ns pulse of light is found to decrease gradually as a function of the number of hits in the photosynthetic units. The fivefold decrease in yield is spread over some three orders of magnitude of pulse energy and strongly suggests another random process in addition to that of photon absorption. Evidence supports the view that this random process is not in the time but in the spatial domain. The model used to fit the data is that of a unit with multiple traps for the singlet excitation. An excitation is captured by an open trap or destroyed by a filled trap with equal probability. These studies give evidence for the connectivity of the photosynthetic energy transfer apparatus on the short time scale. The short fluorescence lifetimes following picosecond pulse excitation of photosynthetic systems reported by several laboratories may be explained by the effect of multiple excitations. PMID- 1244893 TI - Picosecond exciton annihilation in photosynthetic systems. PMID- 1244894 TI - Stability of steady states in nucleic acid poly (A-T) synthesis and the stirred flow reactor. PMID- 1244895 TI - Application of the nearest-neighbor Ising model to the helix-coil transition of polypeptides in mixed organic solvents. PMID- 1244896 TI - Polynucleotide circular dichroism calculations: use of an all-order classical coupled oscillator polarizability theory. PMID- 1244897 TI - Evidence from circular dichroism for the binding of hydrogen ions and calcium ions by poly (L-proline). PMID- 1244899 TI - Electric mobility of bivalent cations in the presence of an anionic polysaccharide. PMID- 1244898 TI - High-resolution thermal denaturation of DNA. I. Theoretical and practical considerations for the resolution of thermal subtransitions. PMID- 1244900 TI - Kinetic study of cooperative binding reaction of toluidine blue to poly (alpha,L glutamic acid) by means of the electric-field pulse method. PMID- 1244901 TI - Low-frequency Raman spectra of lysozyme. PMID- 1244902 TI - Letter: Cu (II) ions-DNA interaction: A dilatometric study. PMID- 1244903 TI - Competitive cooperative bindings of a small ligand to a linear polymer. II. Investigations on the mechanisms of proflavine binding to poly (A) and DNA. PMID- 1244904 TI - Photon correlation spectroscopy, total intensity light scattering with laser radiation, and hydrodynamic studies of a well fractionated DNA sample. PMID- 1244905 TI - Binding of proflavin to T2L bacteriophage and its DNA. PMID- 1244906 TI - Globin chain synthesis in HbD (Punjab)-beta-thalassemia. AB - A 23-yr-old man of Greek-Italian ancestry with mild anemia was found to be heterozygous for HbD (Punjab) beta121 glu leads to gin and beta-thalassemia. HbA was not detected upon electrophoresis of the subject's hemolysate, and no synthesis of betaA globin was demonstrated after incubation of peripheral blood or bone marrow with 3H-leucine. The thalassemia gene was thus of the betao variety. The betaD/alpha synthesis ratios were almost equally unbalanced in the blood and bone marrow: 0.53 and 0.61, respectively. The mother of the propositus had beta-thalassemia trait. In peripheral blood the betaA/alpha synthesis ratio was 0.38. The mutant betaD gene thus appeared potentially capable of directing the synthesis of globin chains as efficiently as a normal betaA gene. The mildness of the HbD-betao-thalassemia syndrome appeared to be due to the maintenance of a relatively high total beta/alpha synthesis ratio in the presence of a physiologically neutral structural mutation. PMID- 1244907 TI - Hybrid erythrocytes for membrane studies in sickle cell disease. AB - A hybrid erythrocyte model for membrane studies in sickle cell disease has been developed. The model consists of normal red cell membranes containing hemoglobin S and sickle cell membranes containing hemoglobin A. In hybrids, complete hemoglobin exchange has been achieved together with restoration of low membrane permeability to potassium. Normal membranes containing HbS sickle upon deoxygenation and assume the characteristic appearance of irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) after prolonged anoxia. It is suggested that the hybrid model will be useful in defining further the process of ISC formation and in studying the influence of sickle hemoglobin upon the function of the surrounding membrane. PMID- 1244908 TI - Micropinocytosis of transferrin by developing red cells: an electron-microscopic study utilizing ferritin-conjugated transferrin and ferritin-conjugated antibodies to transferrin. AB - Electron-microscopic examination of rat reticulocytes and normoblasts incubated with transferrin conjugated to ferritin or ferritin-labeled antitransferrin revealed binding of ferritin conjugates to the surface membrane, and uptake of ferritin conjugates in micropinocytotic vesicles. No binding or endocytosis of ferritin was visualized when rat reticulocytes or normoblasts were incubated with ferritin alone or ferritin conjugated to nonspecific rabbit IgG. These observations support the concept that transferrin binds to a surface membrane receptor and is subsequently internalized by the developing red cell. Time course and temperature dependence studies suggest the endocytosis of transferrin may be an important mechanism in delivery of iron to the developing red cell. PMID- 1244909 TI - Hemin reversal of benzene-induced inhibition of reticulocyte protein synthesis. AB - Benzene (0.056-0.113 M) rapidly and reversibly inhibited protein synthesis in anucleate human sickle cell and rabbit reticulocytes. Hemin (50 muM) both prevented and reversed this effect of benzene. The inhibition in rabbit reticulocytes was accompanied by a conversion of polyribosomal disaggregation required ribosomal movement along mRNA and was also prevented and reversed by 50 muM hemin. Benzene was also shown to inhibit heme synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes while neither ATP nor GSH levels were altered. A translational repressor (HCR) of reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis was isolated from intact cells incubated with benzene, while no significant amount of HCR was found in cells incubated with both benzene and hemin. These results indicated that benzene inhibits translation at the heme-dependent site of initiation. The clinical implications of these experiments remain to be elucidated. PMID- 1244910 TI - Erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor(s) (EIF): methodologic studies. AB - Erythropoiesis-inhibiting factors (EIF) have been demonstrated in plasma from hypertransfused animals and from polycythemic individuals during periods of hyperoxia, but there is a decided discrepancy in the data published. In the present paper methodologic variations of a bioassay for demonstrating the erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor are discussed. In these studies no inhibitor of erythropoiesis could be demonstrated in plasma from hypoxia-induced polycythemic mice (HPM) on posthypoxic day 5. Injections of RBC or an equal amount of hemolyzed RBC were capable of suppressing the stimulatory effects of ESF, indicating that a red cell constituent may be responsible for the inhibitory effect observed. Transfusion-induced polycythemic mice (TPM) were therefore considered to be less suitable for demonstrating erythropoiesis inhibitors. Our results from testing several doses of a urinary EIF in normal mice, TPM and HPM, indicated that the HPM provided the most sensitive assay system. A similar effect was obtained with hypoxia-induced polycythemic rats. The most marked effect was seen in HPM when the EIF was injected shortly before administering the ESF, while the effect was less pronounced when the EIF was injected 24 hr before or after the ESF. PMID- 1244911 TI - Letter: Hematology and oncology as medical specialties. PMID- 1244912 TI - The fate of thymic radioactivity after local labeling with 125iododeoxyuridine. AB - The thymic cortex was locally labeled with 125Iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) in young adult mice in an attempt to provide a simple quantitative assessment of the fate of cortical thymocytes. Similarly operated and nonoperated mice given 125IUdR intravenously were used for comparison. Analogous experiments were performed in adrenalectomized animals. More than 90% of thymic activity present 1 day after labeling had been lost by day 8. That proportion of radioactivity contributed to a given organ by accumulation of labeled thymic migrants was estimated by comparison of values obtained after local labeling with those acquired after systemic labeling. Thymic cell accumulation was apparent in the intestine, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, and femurs of locally labeled mice; however, only a few per cent of the total activity lost from the thymus was accounted for in these lymphoid organs. The pattern of fecal and urinary elimination of 125I did not markedly differ in the various experimental groups, the bulk of the activity being recovered in the urine. The intestine could not be ruled out as a major site of thymocyte loss. Since significant radiation or pharmacologic toxicity was unlikely with the doses of 125IUdR used, the data indicated that the vast majority of newly formed thymocytes dies after a short life and only a small fraction of thymic migrants is longer lived. PMID- 1244913 TI - Matching of histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens for platelet transfusion. AB - The average in vivo platelet survival was measured by both per cent recoveries (%R) and half-lives (t 1/2) of 51Cr-labeled platelets in 69 transfusions given to 43 thrombacytopenic patients. The results demonstrated that (1) increase in the number of HL-A incompatibilities in the platelet donor was significantly associated with decreased %R and t 1/2 of the infused platelets; (2) survival of transfused platelets from HL-A-matched single donors was consistently superior to those pooled from several grossly mismatched donors; and (3) survival of platelets infused when patients had circulating lymphocytotoxic antibodies was consistently lower than when patients did not have such antibodies, regardless of whether it was the first, second, or third such infusion. PMID- 1244914 TI - G-banding analysis of complex aneuploidy in multiple myeloma bone marrow cells. AB - Chromosome studies with the banding technique have been performed in a considerable number of cases of myeloproliferative diseases, but technical difficulties have so far prevented detailed studies of chromosomal abnormalities in multiple myeloma. The karyotypes of bone marrow cells from two patients with multiple myeloma have been analyzed by a trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. Evidence is given for clonal evolution which in one patient has probably occurred by cell fusion and subsequent chromosome loss. Eight different marker chromosomes are characterized. Nonrandom chromosomal participation in the translocations and the existence of specific vulnerable points on chromosomes 1, 3, and 16 are suggested. PMID- 1244915 TI - Hb Leslie, an unstable hemoglobin due to deletion of glutaminyl residue beta 131 (H9) occurring in association with beta0-thalassemia, HbC, and HbS. AB - A new unstable hemoglobin, Hb Leslie, has been observed in three generations of a Georgia family. The propositus, a 42-yr-old black veteran with hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly, has a hemoglobin variant with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of hemoglobin F. The variant comprises about 85% of the total hemoglobin and was isolated by chromatography. Chemical analysis has identified the abnormality as a deletion of the glutaminyl residue in position 131 (H9) of the beta-chain. Deletion of this critical residue which participates in the alpha1beta1 contact causes decreased stability of the hemoglobin without significant changes in functional properties or morphologic abnormalities in the erythrocyte. Family studies revealed hemoglobin Leslie occurring in combination with beta0-thalassemia, HbS, and HbC. All persons with the various Hb Leslie combinations, including the propositus, have no clinical manifestations other than anemia. In some the anemia is fully compensated. There is no history of drug associated hemolysis. PMID- 1244916 TI - Study of a kindred with hereditary spherocytosis and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - A patient with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) was found to have glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) deficiency by electrophoresis of the isolated red cell membranes on polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate (PAGE SDS) as demonstrated by a diminished band 6 (G3PD) and confirmed by specific enzyme assay. Thirteen members of his family were studied: four were normal, two had HS alone, three had G3PD deficiency alone, and four had both HS and G3PD deficiency. G3PD deficient kindred members were probably heterozygous, since their red cell enzyme, while qualitatively normal, was present in half normal amounts. The G3PD deficiency alone was asymptomatic, and there was no evidence that the combination of HS with G3PD deficiency increased the clinical severity of the disease. However, G3PD deficiency, when combined with HS, was associated with an increase in protein band 4.5 on PAGE SDS. This band was also increased by incubation of normal red cells without glucose, and appeared to be a protein absorbed to the membrane as a consequence of metabolic stress. Hence, red cells with the combined abnormalities of both HS and G3PD deficiency showed signs of the exceptional metabolic stress to which they were exposed. PMID- 1244917 TI - A new method for studying splenic reticuloendothelial dysfunction in sickle cell disease patients and its clinical application: a brief report. AB - Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy (Nomarsky optics) readily demonstrates the formation of "pits" or crater-like depressions in red cell membranes of splenectomized individuals. Splenic reticuloendothelial dysfunction characteristic of many patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be demonstrated by technetium spleen scans, but this technique is expensive, requires injection of radioactive material into children, and is cumbersome to perform at regular intervals. However, pit formation in red cells, which also appears to reflect splenic dysfunction, can readily be quantitated in a finger stick blood sample using DIC microscopy. In this study, the degree of red cell pitting was compared with results of technetium spleen scans and measurements of Howell-Jolly bodies in individuals with sickle cell disease. The average pitted cell percentage in the control population was 0.5% +/- 0.5 (range 0.0-2.6) and 30.5% +/- 13.9 in the SCD population (range 2.4-71.1) (less than 0.001). Of the individuals studied with SCD, 12 also had technetium (99mTc) sulfur colloid scans and measurements of Howell-Jolly bodies. The percentage of Howell-Jolly bodies was low and did not correlate well with the degree of splenic visualization. However, there was an excellent correlation between pit count and splenic dysfunction as measured by spleen scan. Determination of red cell pitting, therefore, appears to offer a simple means for clinical evaluation of splenic reticuloendothelial function in patients with SCD. PMID- 1244918 TI - Lipid synthesis in human erythroid cells: the effect of sickling. AB - Human reticulocytes are capable of synthesizing membrane lipids from 14C-glycerol de novo. In both sickle and nonsickle reticulocytes the majority of 14C-glycerol was incorporated into phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. Incorporation into sphingomyelin was minimal. The most abundant neutral lipid synthesized was triglyceride. In the absence of sickling, the rate of lipid synthesis in sickle reticulocytes was similar to that of nonsickle reticulocytes. With the induction of sickling under anoxic conditions sickle reticulocytes showed a prompt increase in the rate of lipid synthesis to an average of 69% above control values, while nonsickle reticulocytes under similar conditions decreased the rate of lipid synthesis. An increase in the rate of membrane lipid synthesis is associated in the mammalian erythroid cell with cell membrane damage. The findings further confirm that lesions of the erythroid cell membrane in sickle cell anemia are secondary to the sickling process itself. PMID- 1244919 TI - Red cell calcium leak in congenital hemolytic anemia with extreme microcytosis. AB - A child with congenital hemolytic anemia, extreme microcytosis and bizarre red cell morphology has been studied. Splenectomy at the age of 21 mo greatly improved the hemolytic anemia, although red cell morphology was unchanged. Aniso- and poikilocytosis were marked on a stained smear, and there were many small hyperchromatic cells of irregular shape. The MCV of 25 cu mu was very low and the MCHC was normal. Osmotic fragility of fresh blood was increased, and postsplenectomy blood showed a fraction of extremely fragile cells. Concentration and fluxes of Na+ and K+ were normal, except K+ efflux, which was stimulated by external Ca2+. Inward Ca2+ movement into the patient's red cells was elevated three- to fourfold above red cells of the same mean age. Red cell Ca2+ concentration was raised 2.5 times normal and most of the Ca2+ was localized in the stroma. Red cell lipid, sialic acid, and ouabain-binding sites, all per milliliter of cells, were increased by 16%-23%, and, since these substances estimate the amount of membrane, it was likely that Ca2+ content per unit of membrane area was at least twice normal. Deformability of the cells, as judged by their filterability was markedly impaired. It was concluded that the red cell membrane was defective, and an increased membrane Ca2+ content was associated with reduced deformability, hemolysis, and distorted red cell morphology in this syndrome. PMID- 1244920 TI - Effect of splenectomy on tolerance to combination chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. AB - Enhanced tolerance to combination chemotherapy has been cited as an ancillary benefit of staging laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease. Seventeen patients with Hodgkin's disease and 15 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were subjected to nontherapeutic splenectomy as part of the staging procedure prior to their initial treatment with MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) or CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy, respectively. Matched control patients of comparable age, pathologically proven stage, and presence or absence of bone marrow lymphoma and previous radiotherapy were selected. Although leukocyte (in non-Hodgkin's patients) and platelet counts (in both groups) were significantly higher in the patients with splenectomy during most of the first six cycles of therapy, there was no difference in the number of cycles during which a leukocyte count below 1000 (or below 2000 in Hodgkin's disease) or platelet count below 50,000 was recorded in the splenectomized and control patients. The total dose of all drugs actually delivered, time required to complete six cycles of treatment, and the portion of patients entering complete remission were not significantly different in the two groups. We have found no evidence that splenectomy per se, in lymphoma patients without findings of hypersplenism, improves the ability to administer planned amounts of drugs during initial combination chemotherapy. PMID- 1244921 TI - Preleukemia and leukemia in polycythemia vera. AB - A group of 76 polycythemia vera patients was followed prospectively with bone marrow examinations at regular intervals. Six terminated in acute leukemia, preceded by an indolent preleukemic phase succeeded by a very fulminant leukemia. At autopsy, all patients had extramedullary hematopoiesis. In one of them, only the bone marrow was leukemic, suggesting that it was the primary site of this transformation. In three with leukemic involvement of nonhematopoietic organs, the infiltrate consisted of myelo- or myelomonoblasts and normoblasts. The preleukemic phase was characterized by a rapidly evolving spontaneous pancytopenia, with a drop from polycythemic blood counts within 2 mo. In the bone marrow, megaloblastoid erythropoiesis with ring sideroblasts was prominent. A similar preleukemic phase evolving in other potentially leukemic conditions, has been described. Therefore, in patients at risk, the appearance of ring sideroblasts may be regarded as an early indicator of imminent acute leukemic transformation. PMID- 1244922 TI - Evidence that Fitzgerald factor counteracts inhibition by kaolin or ellagic acid of the amidolytic properties of a plasma kallikrein. AB - Fitzgerald trait, an asymptomatic disorder, is associated with abnormalities of surface-mediated plasma reactions, including coagulation via the intrinsic pathway, augmentation of the clot-promoting properties of factor VII, kaolin mediated fibrinolysis, kinin generation, and enhancement of vascular permeability by diluted plasma (PF/Dil). These abnormalities can be corrected by Fitzgerald factor, an agent probably identical with high molecular weight kininogen found in normal, but not Fitzgerald-trait plasma. Our preparations of Fitzgerald factor possessed a second property. Amidolysis of alpha-N-benzoyl-L-proline-L phenylalanine-L-arginine-pnitroanilide by a plasma kallikrein (activated Fletcher factor) was inhibited by kaolin or solutions of ellagic acid. Addition of preparations of Fitzgerald factor to kaolin or to solutions of ellagic acid counteracted their inhibitory properties. The action of these preparations was duplicated by solutions of cytochrome C or IgG, suggesting that these agents may inhibit the negative charges of kaolin or ellagic acid. Fitzgerald factor enhanced amidolysis of both normal and Fitzgerald-trait plasmas exposed to kaolin, effects not duplicated by cytochrome C or IgG. Whether or not the two properties of our preparations of Fitzgerald factor are related to the same agent is not yet certain. The relationship between these observations and the biologic role of Fitzgerald factor remains to be investigated. PMID- 1244923 TI - Infectious canine hepatitis: animal model for viral-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - The objective of this study was to characterize the hemostatic defect in dogs with infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), a naturally occurring viral disease of dogs. Five littermate dogs were inoculated with 10(3) TCID50 of ICH virus intravenously. Two littermates were controls. The clinicopathologic manifestations of ICH were fever, depression, anorexia, hematemesis, melena, widespread mucocutaneous petechiae, prolonged bleeding from venipunctures, faceial edema, leukopenia, and proteinuria. The hemostatic defect of ICH was characterized by thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function, prolonged one stage prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, normal thrombin times, depressed factor VIII activity, and increased fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products. These findings suggested that the central pathologic mechanism of the abnormal hemostasis in ICH was disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). ICH is an example of DIC induced by viral infection. This disease is a suitable model for investigation of the detection, pathogenesis, and therapy of DIC. PMID- 1244924 TI - A study of the large heparin requirements in the generalized Shwartzman reaction. AB - The heparin requirements necessary to inhibit intravascular fibrin deposition and soluble fibrin monomer (FM) formation in the generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR) were evaluated. Fibrin deposition was measured by a quantitative technique utilizing 125I-labeled rabbit fibrinogen. FM was measured semiquantitatively by gel exclusion chromatography and by the serial dilution protamine sulfate (SDPS) test. There was a fourfold increase in heparin requirement 5 min after compared with 5 min before the second dose of endotoxin. This increase in heparin requirement was not related to thrombin elaboration, since FM was not found until more than 1 hr after the second dose of endotoxin. Neither was there any evidence of diminished sensitivity to the anticoagulant effect of heparin. The heparin requirements in the GSR rabbits were found to be in excess of those needed to neutralize a defibrinating dose of thrombin. It was concluded that a potent, heparin-resistant clotting activity developed within 5 min of the second endotoxin injection. The mechanism by which the activity caused the gradual elaboration of a thrombin-like enzyme is diffucult to explain on the basis of traditional coagulation reactions. The apparent role of white cells is discussed. PMID- 1244925 TI - Pluripotential stem cell differentiation in hemopoietic colonies. AB - To determine if mononuclear cells proliferating in murine hemopoietic spleen colonies were pluripotential in addition to possessing kinetic features of stem cells, we performed sequential studies of mice during their recovery from a split dose irradiation regimen of 850 roentgens leg shielded-3-hr interval-850 roentgens leg irradiated (850R L.S. 3- L.I.). Injecting tritiated thymidine during stem cell compartment repletion 3 and 4 days after 850R L.S. 3- L.I. resulted in heavily labeled mononuclear cells resembling medium to large leptochromatic lymphocytes in the portion of spleen removed an hour after injection. The splenic remnant obtained from the same mouse 24-48 hr later contained lightly labeled erythroblasts, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells. Grain counts suggested that erythroblasts and their precursors had undergone about four divisions, myeloid cells and their precursors two to three divisions, and lymphoid cells and their precursors two to three divisions during the 48-hr period. Similar studies in plethoric mice demonstrated the labeling of mononuclear cells on day 4 and their differentiation to myeloid and lymphoid cells by day 6. This finding confirmed that the labeled mononuclear cells were not exclusively erythroblast progenitors. On the basis of these and previous studies of post-irradiation survival and erythropoietic recovery, we conclude that these endogenous monomuclear cells, which resemble medium to large leptochromatic lymphocytes and replicate during stem cell compartment repletion, are pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 1244926 TI - Increased erythropoietin production in anephric rats with hyperplasia of the reticuloendothelial system induced by colloidal carbon or zymosan. AB - Adult rats were subjected sequentially to (1) administration of colloidal carbon, zymosan, or gadolinium; (2) subtotal hepatectomy, bilateral nephrectomy, or sham operation; and (3) a 6-hr bout of hypoxia, starting 1 hr or 24 hr after the operation. Control animals received the respective vehicles. The erythropoietin (Ep) activity was assayed in exhypoxic polycythemic mice on the basis of 48-hr per cent RBC(-59) Fe incorporation values. Ep levels in serum of anephric rats primed with either colloidal carbon or zymosan were considerably more elevated than in control animals. This potentiating effect was observed in rats subjected to hypoxia starting either 1 or 24 hr after nephrectomy. On the other hand, gadolinium did not enhance the extrarenal Ep response to hypoxia. It is emphasized that both colloidal carbon and zymosan induced marked hyperplasia of the hepatic and splenic reticuloendothelial system (RES), while gadolinium did not induce this effect. A strict correlation was thus established between potentiation of extrarenal Ep production and hyperplasia of the RES. It is therefore tentatively concluded that the RES is a source of extrarenal Ep. Additionally, since the liver plays a prominent role in extrarenal Ep production, Kupffer cells may represent a major source for Ep in the anephric rat. Finally, it is of interest that both colloidal carbon and zymosan did not potentiate the Ep response to hypoxia in sham-operated or subtotally hepatectomized rats. PMID- 1244927 TI - Letter: Bone marrow sinus cell packing. PMID- 1244928 TI - Letter: Double heart formation in DC serum. PMID- 1244929 TI - Letter: Leukemic meningitis in acute leukemic adults. PMID- 1244930 TI - Editorial: A place to be born. PMID- 1244931 TI - Editorial: Women in medicine. PMID- 1244932 TI - Editorial: Royal College of Physicians and fluoridation. PMID- 1244933 TI - Editorial: A decline in coronary mortality. PMID- 1244934 TI - Editorial: The pill and raised blood pressure. PMID- 1244935 TI - Pattern and quality of recording pre-admission drug treatment in paediatric patients. AB - The pattern and quality of recording drug use before admission was examined in children admitted to a paediatric unit over eight months. The preadmission drug intake (1-7 drugs/patient) was lower than that of adults. Antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed drugs, but mild analgesics and antihistamine preparations were commonly used, often without medical advice. The simultaneous administration of prescribed and non-prescribed drugs appeared to be as common in children as in adults. The number of drugs taken was related to the number of domicilary consultation received and the number of doctors seen as as to confirm that most doctors' visits result in the prescription of medicine. The transfer and recording of drug information was poor, owing principally to lack of communication between doctors and failure to detect self-medication, but the modern practices of self-referral to hospital and use of multiple prescribers have further reduced the information available. The use of a "current treatment card" is required if the full significance of iatrogenic disease in childhood is to be investigated. PMID- 1244936 TI - Measles-virus-specific IgG in optic neuritis and in multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis. AB - Measles-virus-specific IgG was measured in the serum of 100 patients who had presented with optic neuritis (ON) during 1960-74. When reviewed 41 of them were found to have developed definite symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis (MS), their serum containing significantly higher titres of the antibody than sera from either the rest of the patients or a group of normal healthy controls. In a few patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained in the acute phase of ON, titres of measles IgG in the serum was higher in those in whom the antibody was detected in the CSF than the serum of patients without CSF antibody. PMID- 1244937 TI - Climate and painful crisis of sickle-cell disease in Jamaica. AB - In a 10-year retrospective study a close correlation was found between low temperatures and hospital admissions for severe painful crises of sickle-cell disease. PMID- 1244938 TI - Cervical diameter after suction termination of pregnancy. AB - The diameter of the internal cervical os was measured in several groups of patients in an attempt to assess any damage caused by suction termination of pregnancy. Pregnant women who had had a previous abortion by vacuum aspiration had significantly greater cervical diameters than those who had not, and there was a statistically significant correlation between dilatation of the cervix at operation and cervical diameter at six weeks' follow-up. Cervical dilatation to 10 mm or less was subsequently associated with a normal cervical diameter, but the diameter was often large when the extent of dilatation was greater than 12 mm or not known. Cervical dilatation at termination of pregnancy should, if possible not exceed 10 mm. PMID- 1244939 TI - Value of determination of oxygen consumption in tetanus. AB - Oxygen consumption (VO2) was determined in 10 patients with moderate tetanus. The mean (+/- SE) VO2 of 425-2-2 +/- 50-3 ml/min on admission fell significantly to 249-9 +/- 13-1 ml/min standard temperature and pressure dry (STPD) after parenteral diazepam. There was also a significant fall in minute ventilation after administration of diazepam. The results suggest that the simple practical determination of VO2 will be of immense value in assessing the efficacy of muscle relaxants, assessing the severity of tetanus, and determining the calorie needs of patients. PMID- 1244940 TI - Patient error in use of bronchidilator metered aerosols. PMID- 1244941 TI - Use of pressurised aerosols by asthmatic patients. PMID- 1244942 TI - Medical manpower: II--women in medicine. PMID- 1244943 TI - Assessment of preoperative cases. AB - A total of 200 outpatients in Aberdeen were invited to complete a simple preoperative anaesthetic assessment questionnaire. Of these patients 45-5% had significant medical histories and 59% were on concurrent drug therapy. The form was thought to be valuable for day-case anaesthetists and surgeons. PMID- 1244945 TI - Cancer statistics. PMID- 1244944 TI - Critical appraisal of domiciliary obstetric and neonatal practice. AB - Obstetric and neonatal data on 155 domiciliary deliveries were analysed. The findings illustrated the problems in adhering to generally recognised risk criteria for selecting cases for domiciliary confinement and the unpredictability of events in the newborn period. Awareness of the risks of home confinement have led to increased efforts to achieve 100% hospital delivery. At the West Middlesex Hospital, to make hospital confinement more acceptable to mothers, we have tried to alter inflexible hospital routines and to make previously austere labour wards less impersonal. The same midwife who has supervised the antenatal period brings the mother into the unit, and transfers her home as soon as possible afterwards.. PMID- 1244946 TI - Every emergency department should have one--an interview room. PMID- 1244947 TI - Letter: Effect of junior doctors' action on self-poisoning. PMID- 1244948 TI - Letter: On surviving a bivouac at high altitude. PMID- 1244949 TI - Letter: Chronic peritoneal dialysis for diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 1244950 TI - Letter: Heart block and autoimmunity. PMID- 1244951 TI - Letter: Immunisation against whooping cough. PMID- 1244952 TI - Letter: Plasma free fatty acids and ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 1244953 TI - Letter: Dietary fibre: search for the facts. PMID- 1244954 TI - Letter: Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. PMID- 1244955 TI - Letter: Smoking in the elderly. PMID- 1244956 TI - Letter: Treatment of meningitis and encephalitis. PMID- 1244957 TI - Letter: Role of pelvimetry in active management of labour. PMID- 1244958 TI - Letter: Neonatal-strength ampoules of nalorphine. PMID- 1244959 TI - Letter: Oral dihydroergotamine in management of cluster headache. PMID- 1244960 TI - Letter: Serum creatine phosphokinase and malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 1244961 TI - Letter: Cigarette smoking and chest pain. PMID- 1244962 TI - Letter: Deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy. PMID- 1244964 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 1244965 TI - Letter: Attitudes and expectation of women doctors. PMID- 1244963 TI - Letter: Inhalation technique in treatment of asthmatic children with steroid aerosols. PMID- 1244966 TI - Letter: Measurement of blood nicotine. PMID- 1244967 TI - Completely isolated molluscan neurons. An ultrastructural study. AB - The neurons of the molluscs Lymnaea and Helix isolated by fermentative digestion followed by mechanical treatment do not differ ultrastructurally from intact ones. These cells have sufficient metabolic reserves and incorporate into RNA 8% of the total radioactive pool, even more than neurons in ganglia under equal conditions. Neuronal damage can occur, mainly during the pipetting, and this is usually expressed in vacuolization of the cytoplasm. It is important to note that alterations in cell ultrastructure develop earlier than changes in the membrane electrical properties. The surface of the isolated neurons is enlarged two-fold due to the infoldings of the cell membrane. So, the specific resistance of soma membrane of these neurons was calculated as 78 +/- 13 komega-sq. cm. On the surface of isolated neurons scraps of glial and neuronal processes not connected with their own cell bodies, and as a consequence not powerful, are sometimes found. Some endings of the neuronal processes on the surface of isolated neurons are ultrastructurally similar to the axo-somatic synapses. PMID- 1244968 TI - Dorsal raphe stimulation produces inhibitory effect on trigeminal nucleus neurons. AB - Inhibitory effects of conditioning stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) on the neuron activity in the rostral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) were studied in cats for the purpose of comparison with the inhibition induced by locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation. DR conditioning stimulation reduced the orthodromic field potential in STN elicited by inferior alveolar nerve stimulation, and enhanced the antidromic field potential in the trigeminal nerve evoked by STN stimulation; but the inhibitory effects of DR stimulation were considerably weaker than those of LC stimulation. In tracking experiments near the raphe nucleus, conditioning stimulation of DR itself produced the most pronounced decrease in the STN field potential. Orthodromic spike number of STN relay neurons was significantly reduced by DR conditioning stimulation; however, the threshold for the conditioning stimulus to the DR was much higher than that to the LC. Antidromic spike generation of the STN neurons was unaltered by conditioning stimulation of both DR and LC. DR stimulation elicited a field potential in STN, which followed high frequency stimuli up to 200 HZ. A single fiber action potential was also obtained in STN by DR stimulation. STN stimulation produced a field potential in DR, which followed high frequency stimuli. It is suggested from these findings that conditioning stimulation of DR produces a direct inhibition of transmission in STN neurons; however, this stimulation has less effect on these neurons than does stimulation of the LC. PMID- 1244969 TI - Single unit responses recorded from the first order neuron of the pigeon auditory system. AB - Intracochlear recordings from the first order neurons in the eighth nerve of the pigeon were made with microelectrodes. The basic response characteristics of the single units were similar to those recorded from mammalian first order auditory neurons with the following exceptions: units responding solely to 'sweep frequencies' were found and one unit was found for which the rate of discharge decreased with increased intensity. Suppression of spontaneous activity during tonal stimulation was found within the response curve of the unit and for frequencies beyond the boundaries of the response curve. In addition, suppression of spontaneous activity was found after the termination of the tone. The amount of suppression and the recovery process varied considerably from unit to unit. The controlling variables were intensity and duration of the stimulus. PMID- 1244970 TI - Kinetics of potassium movement in norman cortex. AB - Artificial CSF containing 12mEq/1 of potassium (4 times normal concentration) was perfused over the surface of normal neocortex in 10 locally or barbiturate anesthetized cats. Extracellular potassium concentrations ([K+]OS) were measured as a function of time to 8 h and of depth to 3 mm. Analysis of the [K+]O versus depth and [K+]O versus time profiles showed that the distribution of extracellular potassium could be modelled by a process of diffusion with diffusion coefficient = 1.03 +/- 0.16 sq.mm/h, and a surface barrier to diffusion with magnitude given by a barrier constant 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm-1, and with a small correction for active uptake into cells and blood vessels. The profiles obtained differ considerably from those which could be predicted from kinetic properties of potassium in aqueous solution. PMID- 1244971 TI - Spontaneous and electrochemically stimulated changes in plasma LH in the female rat following hypothalamic deafferentation. AB - Plasma LH levels in adult female rats were studied by radioimmunoassay 6 weeks after making frontal cuts (FC) at the optic chiasm with Halasz knives of various sizes. Cuts made with a small knife (radius 1.3 mm) permitted a spontaneous rise in plasma LH during proestrus from a mean of 96 +/- 25 ng/ml at 14:00 h to 545 +/ 207 ng/ml at 18:00 h in 13 rats. Seven of the latter, with a mean plasma LH of 967 +/- 281 ng/ml at 18:00 h exhibited tubal ova at hemicastration (hemi-ovx) the following morning. In a similar experiment 6 FC females lesioned with a 1.5 mm knife had plasma LH levels of 53 +/- 7 ng/ml at 14:00 h, but showed neither detectable changes at 2 h intervals through 20:00 h nor ovulation at hemi-ovx. Similar results were obtained in 13 rats deafferented with a 2.0 mm knife. Nine weeks after FC and 3 weeks following hemi-ovx all animals were given pentobarbital (32 mg/kg i.p.) at 13:30 h and stimulated bilaterally in the medial preoptic area (MPO) passing 20 muA anodal DC X 60 sec through concentric bipolar steel electrodes placed 0.8 mm from the midline. All 3 groups of FC animals showed increases in plasma LH to comparable levels (range: 197 +/- 45-357 +/- 156 ng/ml) 1 h after stimulation. Electrochemical stimulation sites extended lateral to the cut locations on at least one side in all animals. The results of these studies suggest that chronically (9 week) deafferented female rats have the capacity to release pituitary LH in response to MPO electrochemical stimulation in spite of retrochiasmatic deafferentation, but that the ovaries of the persistent estrus rat are unresponsive to these amounts of circulating LH. PMID- 1244972 TI - Brain stem self-stimulation attenuated by lesions of medial forebrain bundle but not by lesions of locus coeruleus or the caudal ventral norepinephrine bundle. AB - Midbrain tegmental intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was not attenuated by ipsilateral or bilateral locus coeruleus lesions. Certain of these lesions were followed by histochemical confirmation that the majority of locus coeruleus neurons was destroyed, and biochemical evidence that over 80% of the cortical norepinephrine was depleted. To test the possibility that the surviving ICSS was due to stimulation of another norepinephrine system, histochemically verified ipsilateral or bilateral lesions of the ventral norepinephrine bundle were administered to a second group of midbrain tegmental ICSS animals. These lesions resulted in marked loss of body weight, but had no effect on ICSS. In a third experiment, lesions were made in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) ipsilateral to midbrain tegmental ICSS electrodes. These lesions resulted in attenuation of ICSS which was directly proportional to the extent of MFB damage. On the basis of these data alone, however, it was not possible to identify the ciritical fibers supporting ICSS. It was oncluded that the locus coeruleus does not play a necessary role in midbrain tegmental ICSS. PMID- 1244973 TI - Time course and disposition of fucose radioactivity in rat hippocampus. A biochemical and microautoradiographic study. AB - Male adult rats were injected intraventricularly with L-[1-3H]fucose. At various intervals, ranging between 30 min and 11 days, one-half of the brain was prepared for microautoradiography, and the hippocampus from the other side was prepared for biochemical investigations. The TCA-precipitable proteins from the hippocampus homogenate were maximally labeled at between 8 and 24 h and remained at a high radioactivity level even 11 days after [3H]-fucose injection, the labeling being predominantly present in the solubilized insoluble proteins. Using gel electrophoretic separation, study of Tris-soluble material indicated a rapid turnover of soluble fucose-containing glycoproteins, whereas several slow migrating bands of solubulized proteins revealed a time course suggesting the presence of fucose-containing glycoproteins with slower turnover rates. Using microautoradiography, a rapid labeling of neuronal cell bodies of the hippocampus was found, whereas the nuclei were not labeled. Perikarya were maximally labeled 4 h after [3H]fucose application. The radioactive material was continuously transported from the soma into the corresponding fiber layers, the latter being maximally labeled at a pulse interval of one day; even 10 days later a considerable amount of radioactivity could be detected in the neuropil. PMID- 1244974 TI - Increased fucose incorporation into rat hippocampus during learning. A biochemical and microautoradiographic study. AB - The incorporation of intraventricularly infected L-[1-3H]fucose into proteins of the hippocampus and visual cortex was studied during the acquisition of a shock motivated brightness discrimination in rats. The labeling of Tris-soluble proteins from both regions was not significantly changed during learning, whereas solubilized insoluble proteins obtained from the hippocampus revealed an increased fucose incorporation in learned animals. A significant enhanced incorporation into some distinct, slow-moving, carbohydrate-rich protein bands, separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was observed in material from CA1 and CA3 sectors as well as from area dentata of the hippocampus formation during acquisition. The corresponding gel bands from the visual cortex exhibited no differences between trained animals and controls. Jointly performed microautoradiography showed an increased fucose incorporation into most areas of the hippocampus in learned animals compared with active and passive controls. The most significant differences were found to occur mainly in substructures consisting of densely packed neuronal cells. PMID- 1244976 TI - Glial contamination of synaptosomal fractions. PMID- 1244975 TI - Regional changes in monoamine content and uptake of the rat brain during postnatal development. AB - Regional norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5 HT) contents in the developing rat brain were estimated. The rate of increase in NE content was the highest in diencephalon, followed by the lower brain stem, limbic-striatum, neocortex and cerebellum. With postnatal aging, DA concentration increased markedly in limbic-striatum, slightly in the neocortex and negligibly in other regions. In each region except cerebellum, 5-HT content increased gradually but the rate of increase in diencephalon was relatively high. Comparison of the kinetics of high affinity uptake of L-[3H]NE and [3H]5-HT between the neonatal and the adult brain indicated that Km values of L-[3H]NE and [3H]5-HT uptake were 2.9 X 10(-7) M and 1.7 X 10(-7) M respectively in neocortex, diencephalon and lower brain stem and 4.3 X 10(-7) M and 2.3 X 10(-7) M in limbic striatum in the neonate as well as in the adult. Vmax values of both amines uptake differed regionally and the values in the neonate were lower than those in the adult in all regions. Limbic-striatum showed a higher Vmax value than other regions in uptake of both amines. These results suggested that innervation of monoaminergic neurons in the brain progressed with increasing age, that projections of both NE and 5-HT neurons were relatively high into hypothalamus and limbic-striatum and that DA neuron projections concentrated at striatum. Although the brain, except for limbic-striatum, showed neither regional nor developmental differences in affinity of L-[3H]NE and [3H]5-HT to synaptosomes, the density of nerve terminal of both monoaminergic neurons increased in all regions of the brain during postnatal development. In limbic-striatum, higher Km and Vmax values of both amines, uptake suggest the existence of both amines' uptake into DA terminal to some extent. PMID- 1244977 TI - Organization of thalamocortical auditory system in the cat studied with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 1244978 TI - Different projections of cutaneous thermal inputs to single units of the midbrain raphe nuclei. PMID- 1244979 TI - Reduction in the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials by nerve stimulation in low calcium solutions. PMID- 1244980 TI - Neuronal activity in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus correlated with vertical and horizontal eye movement in the cat. PMID- 1244981 TI - Neural correlates of discriminative conditioning: separation of associational and motivational processes. PMID- 1244982 TI - Morphology and fine structure of the feline neonatal medullary raphe nuclei. AB - A light and electron microscopic study of the caudal medullary raphe nuclei of neonatal kittens reveals that these nuclei are composed of three size classes of neurons with several possible subclasses. Internuclearly projecting dendritic arborizations in the transverse plane and intranuclear projections in the sagittal plane are common features of large and medium size class neurons of raphe nuclei magnus and obscurus though not for the cells of nucleus raphe pallidus. A positive correlation exists between neuron size and density of axosomatic and axodendritic synapses, which suggests that the large class neurons are the first to receive input in synaptogenesis, which is occurring at this time. A wide variety of synaptic forms and integration is also a characteristic feature within these nuclei, though it is not clear whether this morphological variance represents a phylogenic and/or ontogenic trend or just an expression of the multifunctional nature of this region. PMID- 1244983 TI - Fine structure of growth cones in medullary raphe nuclei in the postnatal cat. AB - Morphological aspects of the dynamic processes of growth cone formation and synaptogenesis have been studied in neonatal kitten (2-17 days) medullary raphe nuclei. The formation and elaboration of dendritic growth cones and primary dendritic trunks is actively taking place on the medium size class neurons (stellates) of these nuclei. The dendritic growth cones are morphologically distinctive due to their population of large dense-core vesicles and postsynaptic position. Another growth cone morphology, interpreted as axonal, is also described. This growth cone is typically found in close association or synaptic contact with the dendritic growth cones and contains, in addition to synaptic vesicles, a dense-core vesicle population distinguishable from that of the dendritic growth cone by the presence of a variety of vesicles containing an eccentrically positioned dense particle. No evidence of axo-axonic or dendrodendritic synapses has been found. Synaptogenesis was found to be occurring on somas, dendrites and dendritic growth cones throughout the medullary raphe nuclei, though this phenomenon was more apparent in indistinctly localized subnuclear spaces termed synaptogenic zones. Within these zones large class neurons are found to have greater densities of both axodendritic and axosomatic synapses than medium and small class neurons respectively. Axodendritic synaptic densities on primary and secondary dendrites of large and medium class neurons are greater than their respective axosomatic synapse densities, which may suggest that the latter forms at a later period of development. PMID- 1244984 TI - Visual receptive fields in the lateral suprasylvian area (Clare-Bishop area) of the cat. AB - Single units were recorded from the visual area of the lateral suprasylvian gyrus (LSSA or Clare-Bishop area) in 20 unanesthetized cats. Most LSSA units were poorly responsive to stationary visual stimuli, but they responded vigorously to moving visual stimuli. Their receptive fields appeared to be constituted of a large activating region (discharge area) often surrounded by inhibitory flanks. Relating unit behavior to changes of stimulus length, the LSSA neurons could be subdivided into 5 categories. The first category (22 out of 95 units tested, 23.16%) consisted of units showing summation inside the discharge area. Expanding the stimulus outside the discharge area did not affect the response. The second category (7.37%) was formed by units which showed summation inside the discharge area and inhibition when the stimulus was extended outside the discharge area. The third category (21.05%) consisted of units largely insensitive to the stimulus length inside the discharge area, but surrounded by inhibitory flanks. The fourth category (41.05%) consisted of units which showed inhibition of the response when the stimulus, well inside the discharge area, became longer than a certain optimal lenght. They were surrounded by inhibitory flanks. The fifth category (7.37%) was formed by units insensitive to variations of the stimulus length inside as well as outside the discharge area. Almost all units, independent of their category, were directionally specific, that is their response could be decreased 50% or more by varying the direction of movement away from that which gave the maximal response (preferred direction). Typically the response was halved when the stimulus was moved +/- 50 degrees from the preferred direction. Among the directionally specific units, 71% showed the minimal response 180 degrees away from the preferred direction (direction specificity curve type 1), 20% had the minimal response 90 degrees from the preferred direction (direction specificity curve type 2); the remaining could not be classified in this respect. Of LSSA units, 87% (all those of type 1 and many of those of type 2) were directionally selective, that is their response to movement in the preferred direction was at least double that in the opposite direction. The LSSA units usually preferred stimuli moving at rather high speeds. The optimal speed for 71% of units was 20 degrees/sec or greater. Almost all units responded over a wide range of speeds, many of them from 5-10 degrees/sec to over 100 degrees/sec. Most neurons had a low spontaneous activity and some of them remained completely silent for seconds. PMID- 1244985 TI - Studies on field potentials and on single cells in the inferior olivary complex of the rat. AB - Field and unitary action potentials have been recorded in the inferior olivary complex of pentobarbital anaesthetized rats. Spontaneous and antidromically evoked unitary potentials, and antidromically evoked field potentials all showed the same biphasic profile. Repetitive antidromic stimulation resulted in attenuation of the field potential with stimulation frequencies as low as 10 Hz. The latency of juxtafastigially evoked spikes was variable, and decreased with increasing stimulus strengths. Electrophoretically applied glycine, gamma aminobutyric acid, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytyptamine all reduced the amplitude of the antidromic potential, but sometimes caused a transient increase preceding this decrease. Orthodromically (femoral nerve) evoked potentials were different in form and could assume one of two distinct profiles. The effects of electrophoretically applied DL-homocysteate (DLH) and the putative transmitters listed above on the form of such field potentials are described. DLH, ACh and 5 HT were tested on single olivary neurones, which had spontaneous firing rates of less than 2 Hz. These compounds had only slight effects on firing rates although marked changes were seen in action potential configuration. Spontaneous synchronous discharges of groups of olivary neurones are described. This and other findings confirm that olivary units have a tendency to both rhythmical and synchronous firing. PMID- 1244986 TI - The effects of beta-carbolines on responses to acetylcholine, noradrenaline, 5 hydroxytryptamine and amino acids in the rat spinal cord. AB - Various drugs have been applied electrophoretically to Renshaw cells and to unidentified spinal neurones in pentabarbitone anaesthetized or decerebrated rats. Responses to noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) have not previously been described at this site and were of two types; either monophasic depression or biphasic depression-excitation. The effect of harmine on these responses was examined. Harmine and harmaline were also tested on the excitant responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and DL-homocysteate (DLH), and on the depressant responses to glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). On some cells harmaline antagonized ACh, but not DLH, and glycine, but not GABA, responses. Harmine caused only non-specific depression and spike configuration changes. The effects of harmine on NA and 5-HT responses were usually non-specific, and any anatagonism was usually accompanied by, or soon followed by spike changes. LSD was also tested on the amine responses. LSD itself had a clear depressant effect on neuronal firing rates. It could either antagonize or potentiate NA and 5-HT depressant responses, but the antagonism in particular was closely followed by spike changes. Somewhat more specific antagonism of the late excitation was seen. PMID- 1244988 TI - Bipolar neurones in the rostral hypothalamus. PMID- 1244987 TI - A comparative analysis of compartmentation of metabolism in the dorsal root ganglion and ventral spinal cord gray using [U-14C]glucose, [2-14C]glucose, [6 14C]glucose, [3,4-14C]glucose, NaH14CO3, and [2-14C]pyruvate. AB - A detailed temporal comparison of glucose metabolism, in the production of glutamate and glutamine as well as aspartate and alamine, was conducted in order to further define the uniqueness of the dorsal root ganglion compared to the ventral spinal cord gray. Experiments with injected labeled NaHCO3 and pyruvate were used in an attempt to clarify certain aspects of the above results with different [14C]glucose precursors. The glutamine/glutamate relative specific activity ratio (RSA) was consistently lower in the ganglion than in the ventral spinal cord gray, as was also true for glutamate specific activity from the same amount of injected [14C]glucose. The ganglion is characterized by a high level of alanine production from glucose and pyruvate. The NaH14CO3 experiments suggest that CO2 fixation from [3,4-14C]-glucose in the dorsal rool ganglion resul .ts in a higher glutamine/glutamate RSA when compared to results using either [6-14C] or [2-14C]glucose. PMID- 1244989 TI - Studies on the origin of innervation of the noradrenergic area bordering on the nucleus raphe dorsalis. PMID- 1244990 TI - Dorsal raphe neurons: depression of firing during sleep in cats. PMID- 1244991 TI - Effects of stroboscopic rearing on the binocularity and directionality of cat superior colliculus neurons. PMID- 1244992 TI - Rhythmic excitatory inputs to the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. PMID- 1244993 TI - The polymodal C-fiber receptor in the muscle of the dog. PMID- 1244994 TI - The Na+, K+, Cl- contents and derived membrane potentials of presynaptic nerve endings in vitro. PMID- 1244995 TI - Delay of oligodendrocyte differentiation by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). PMID- 1244996 TI - Tissue damage at the infection site after intramuscular injection of drugs in hens. AB - 1. Injection sites were examined on the 7th d after intramuscular injection of vehicles alone or containing antibiotics or chemotherapeutics. 2. Eight out of 13 preparations caused necroses, the largest of which were seen after injection of tetracyclines and sulphonamides. PMID- 1244997 TI - The hen's egg: independence of weight at oviposition and the sex of the chick. AB - 1. Cockerels tend to be heavier than pullets at hatching and an experiment was therefore done to test the null hypothesis that the eggs from which cockerels hatch are, on average, at oviposition of the same weight as those from which pullets hatch. 2. The experiment did not disprove it. PMID- 1244998 TI - The effects of exogenous oestrogen and progesterone on laying and nesting behaviour in the hen. AB - 1. It has been shown that if oestrogen and progesterone are given to ovariectomised hens nesting behaviour will occur. Thus if these hormones are given to normal hens the excessive pacing found in some hens before laying might be reduced. 2. Experiments showed that oestrogen produced no noticeable effects and progesterone caused a high incidence of delayed oviposition and abnormal behaviour. PMID- 1244999 TI - The chromosome number of Gallus domesticus. AB - 1. Chromosome counts were made on 105 spermatogonial and diakinesis cells prepared from testicular tissue taken from 10 hybrid cockerels. 2. The modal numbers for the diploid chromosome and haploid chromosome complements were 78 and 39 respectively. PMID- 1245000 TI - The use of growth and liver aspartate aminotransferase to assess the effect of source of non-essential nitrogen on pyridoxine depletion, repletion and requirements of chicks. AB - 1. Two experiments were carried out to study the relationship between growth, liver aspartate aminotransferase (Asp AT) and dietary pyridoxine to determine the pyridoxine requirement of chicks fed on diets containing crystalline essential amino acids with glutamic acid (GA) or diammonium citrate (DAHC) as the non essential nitrogen source. 2. In one experiment purified diets containing isolated soy-protein with 0 or 3 mg pyridoxine/kg were used. The deficient chicks were significantly lighter, coverted food less efficiently and liver Asp AT activity was decreased. When deficient chicks were offered an adequate diet performance improved and Asp AT activity rapidly increased. 3. In the second experiment diets containing crystalline amino acids GA or DAHC combined with 0, 1 or 3 mg pyridoxine/kg (GA: 0, GA: 1, GA: 3, DAHC: 1, DAHC:3) were used. Growth rates of chicks fed on GA: 1 and GA: 3 were similar, whereas chicks fed on DAHC: 1 were significantly lighter than those given DAHC: 3. The growth data indicated a pyridoxine requirement for chicks fed on the GA diets of not more than 1mg/kg and of more than 1 mg/kg in those fed on diets containing DAHC. Asp AT activity varied significantly with dietary content of pyridoxine but not with the nitrogen source. When Asp AT activity was used to assess pyridoxine requirements, there was nof difference between chicks fed on GA or DAHC diets. PMID- 1245002 TI - Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: aflatoxicosis. AB - 1. New Hampshire chicks were fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0-7 (A), or 1-1 (B) ppm of aflatoxin B1. In two trials 1-d-old chicks were offered ad libitum the three diets for 14 d. The gaseous exchange of five chickens from each group was measured for 3 or 4 d, the same diets being fed, at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age in two series of experiments. The controls were fed at the lower intake of the two other groups. Following each series of experiments at the various ages, birds were starved for 24 h and their heat production was re-measured over the next 24 h. 2. Mortality was highest and growth and food conversion poorest where the diet with the highest aflatoxin concentration was fed. Mortality was confined to the first 2 weeks. 3. Performance of birds in the chambers was improved in the second series due to differences in food intake. It also improved with age suggesting some resistance to the toxin. 4. Mean respiratory quotient was 0-97 for fed chickens on diet B. This was significantly different from 0-92 for the two other groups. Similarly, during starvation the RQ was 0-76 compared with 0-73. 5. birds fed on diet B generally grew better, retained more nitrogen and had a better energy balance in the respiration chambers than the other two groups. Metabolisability of dietary energy was less (68.5%) for all groups at 2 to 3 weeks than when older (70%) but availability of ME was the same (71%) for all groups. 6. Heat production (kJ/kg0-75) of starved birds on diet B was significantly lower than the other two groups, while endogenous nitrogen excretion was higher. 7. Water consumption (ml/g food and g/100 g body weight) was greatest for birds on diet B. 8. Although aflatoxin in the diet substantially reduced intake there was no indication that at these reduced levels of intake, nitrogen or energy metabolism were measurably impaired. PMID- 1245001 TI - Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: interaction of Ascaridia galli infestation and vitamin A status. AB - 1. Effects of Ascaridia galli infection on the energy and nitrogen (N) metabolism were studied on groups of 5 cross-bred cockerels aged about 5 weeks and given a diet deficient or adequate in vitamin A at two levels of feeding in respiration chambers. 2. Metabolisability of dietary energy was 67% and N retention 33% in infected chickens compared with 71 and 41% respectively, in uninfected chickens. 3. Maintenance energy requirement of vitamin A-deficient birds was 882 kJ/kgW d compared with 998 kJ/kgW d for normal birds. N balance of the deficient chickens was also less when compared at the same energy balance. Infection did not affect maintenance energy requirement nor N balance. 4. Starvation heat production of infected chickens (619 kJ/kgW d) was higher than that of uninfected controls (586 kJ/kgW d). When infection treatments were combined, vitamin A-adequate chickens had a higher heat production (615 kJ/kg d) than the vitamin A-deficient (580 kJ/kgW d). Endogenous N excretion (mg/gW) was less in vitamin A-deficient than in adequate, starved birds. 5. Deficient chickens had undetectable liver reserves of vitamin A and only very low plasma concentrations. There was a difference in the length of larvae (17 d after infection) associated with vitamin A status, and with level of feeding. PMID- 1245003 TI - Variations in the red blood cell picture during growth of goslings and chickens. AB - 1. Haematological values have been determined in 40 goslings, aged 6 to 42 d, and in 86 chickens, aged 1 to 57 d. 2. The erythrocyte number of goslings remained virtually unchanged with age but there was a decrease in the volume of circulating blood when expressed in terms of body weight. 3. In chickens the number of erythrocytes per unit volume increased with age but the size of the erythrocytes diminished with the result that there was an increase in the red blood cell total surface area per unit volume. 4. The haemoglobin content of chicken blood also rose but the haematocrit value and the mead cell haemoglobin concentration remained constant: mean cell haemoglobin decreased significantly. 5. It seems probable that the blood of goslings has a smaller oxygen carrying capability that that of the chicken and this might be reflected with their slower metabolic rate per body weight unit. There are only a few data available on the changes in haematological values of the domestic fowl after hatching (Lange, 1919; Sandreuter, 1951; Lucas and Denington, 1957; Medway and Kare, 1959) and virtually none for the goose. In this paper various haematological values for both species are presented for the first weeks of post-embryonic life. PMID- 1245004 TI - [An unusual case of hydatid cyst]. AB - A hydatid cyst of the spleen developed in a Greek-Canadian woman who had lived on a sheep farm. The cyst extended through the diaphragm to the left lower lobe. Splenectomy and left lower lobectomy and excision of contiguous diaphragm were performed. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of hydatid cysts in both spleen and lung. Postoperative course was uneventful. In Canada hydatid disease is rare and its occurrence sporadic. It is commoner among Canadian Indians and immigrants than native Canadians. Treatment is surgical; en bloc excision of tissue eliminates the possibility of anaphylaxis of dissemimination of scolices. PMID- 1245005 TI - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: study of 108 cases. AB - From 1948 through 1970, 108 causes of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder were recorded out of a total of 17 698 cases of cancer exclusive of skin cancer (incidence, 0.6%). This review indicated that the following are the chief features of this condition: Primary gallbladder carcinoma is mainly a disease of women older than 60 years; abdominal pain occurs in most patients and jaundice in more than half, and weight loss is also common; laboratory and radiographic features are nonspecific; the diagnosis is made or strongly suspected in only one quarter and, moreover, in many patients the disease may not be discovered until pathologic examination is conducted postoperatively. Resection was possible in 41 of the 93 patients who underwent operation but treatment was conservative because it was palliative in 20, and in 20 of the other underwent cholecystectomy the disease was not recognized at operation. Overall, the 5-year survival rate was 6.4%; for those who underwent curative resection it was 33%; and for patients without visible metastases at operation the mean survival was 3 years. Improvement in survival will come from more frequent recognition of the cancer at operation so that an operation so that an operation more adequate than cholecystectomy may be performed; that is, cholecystectomy, wedge resection of liver and resection of regional lymph nodes. PMID- 1245007 TI - Acute perforation of the colon. AB - Acute perforation of the colon causes fecal peritonitis, which is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Findings in 78 patients with perforation of the colon showed that the commonest causative condition was diverticulitis (in 42%) and that the commonest site was the sigmoid colon (in 65%). The overall mortality in this series was 49%, most of the deaths being due to peritonitis; the extent of anatomic spread of peritonitis was a major factor. The form of treatment was also a factor in mortality: mortality was lowest in patients treated by diversionary colostomy (only 38%) and highest in those treated by exteriorization of perforation (71%) and in those not treated operatively (71%). With respect to postoperative complications in patients who underwent operation, wound infection and pulmonary abnormalities each occurred in 50%. This review suggests that current methods of management of patients with perforation of the colon are less than satisfactory. PMID- 1245006 TI - Submucous lipoma of the stomach: a case report. AB - A 54-year-old woman presented with a 4-day history of melena and a 1-day history of hematemesis. Radiographs were suggestive of a malignant gastric polyp. Gastrotomy revealed a polyp projecting from the anterior wall of the stomach. The polyp was exised and the patient has since been well. Although rare, gastric lipomas are important because they may cause hemorrhage, abdominal pain, syspepsia and pyloric obstruction; moreover, they are amenable to surgical treatment. PMID- 1245008 TI - Survival in breast cancer: study of 283 patients. AB - Records of 283 women with breast cancer diagnosed from 1965 through 1973 at l'Hopital du Saint-Sacrement were studied for survival at 3 and 5 years. These were all patients who had not previously received cancer-directed treatment. Life table methods based on full intervals only were used to analyze survival. Adjustment for deaths from other causes was provided by computing the expected and relative survival rates. The 5-year relative survival rates (%) were 60.2+/ 4.1 for the total group of 283 patients, 87.9+/-4.5 for the 142 with localized disease and 44.9+/-59 for the 118 with regional spread. Of the patients with disease that was either localized or regional, 84% underwent total mastectomy. The age of patients at entry did not differ from that of cases reported to the Quebec Tumour Registry. The significant increase over time in the proportion of patients with localized disease would be expected to reduce the Quebec death rate from breast cancer in future if the better survival of these patients is not simply a function of earlier diagnosis. PMID- 1245009 TI - Cutaneous gangrene: a rare complication of coumarin therapy. AB - Sodium warfarin was administered to a 59-year-old woman with congestive cardiac failure and deep vein thrombosis. After 3 days of therapy the nipple and areola of the left breast became inflamed; the entire breast then became necrotic. Gangrene spread and a simple mastectomy was performed. The patient died from pulmonary embolism 1 day after operation. Histologic examination of the breast revealed thrombi in some of the arteries and veins. The etiology of this condition is obscure, and there is no known way of preventing or effectively treating the condition. Simple mastectomy or more conservative local excision recommended. PMID- 1245010 TI - Increasing operability and survival with intra-aortic ballon pump assist. AB - Intra-aortic ballon pump assist (IABPA) was used over a 12-month period in the management of 41 patients: 5 patients with complications of myocardial infarction in shock whose circulation was supported by IABPA before operation immediately after angiographic and hemodynamic study (group 1); 14 patients with postcardiotomy low-output state who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and required IABPA circulatory support either in the operating room or in the intensive care area (group 2); 19 patients with severe myocardial ischemia and unstable circulation in whom IABPA was instituted either before angiography or before saphenous vein bypass operation (group 3); and 3 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic valve or coronary artery disease, or both, in whom IABPA was used before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass and a corrective operative procedure (group 4). Survival rates for patients in these groups were 2/5,8/14,18/19 and 2/3 respectively (overall survival, 73%). IABPA may increase the postoperative survival of certain high-risk patients with poor left ventricular function due to valvular disease or coronary artery disease, or both. The survival of patients with severe myocardial ischemia and complicated myocardial infarction is improved by IABPA, early angiography and appropriate surgical correction. Left ventricular ejection fraction and the estimate of subendocardial coronary flow by the ratio of the diastolic pressure time index to the tension time index appear to be significant in identifying patients who may benefit from the use of IABPA. PMID- 1245012 TI - Frankly speaking about nursing practice; The ups and downs of communication. PMID- 1245011 TI - Immunology and cancer. PMID- 1245013 TI - Stroke: Sunnybrook stroke team-an innovative experience. PMID- 1245014 TI - Stroke: Acute nursing care in the stroke unit. PMID- 1245015 TI - Aphasia: A nurse's guide to communicating with aphasics. PMID- 1245016 TI - Stroke: Stroke rehabilitation-a creative process. PMID- 1245017 TI - What are the bonds between the fetus and the uterus? PMID- 1245018 TI - Reaching tomorrow's citizens. PMID- 1245019 TI - Circulating catecholamine levels in human and experimental hypertension. AB - The radiometric enzymatic technique of Coyle and Henry (J. Neurochem. 21: 61-67, 1973) was adapted to the measurement of serum catecholamines. This technique requires less time than other enzymatic techniques and is sensitive to quantities as small as 25 pg. In normotensive subjects lying supine for 20 minutes serum catecholamine levels averaged 0.218 ng/ml, with no obvious sex or age difference. Under these standardized conditions, the circulating catecholamine levels for a given individual are highly reproducible on different days over a period of several months. In 22 patients with essential hypertension, circulating levels were significantly higher, with an average of 0.370 ng/ml. More than 50% of the hypertensive patients had values greater than the highest value measured in normotensives. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher in the hypertensive group with elevated levels of circulating catecholamines than in the hypertensive group with normal levels. In one model of experimental hypertension, produced in the rat by administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and saline for 4-8 weeks, serum catecholamines were significantly elevated. These findings suggest that the sympathetic system may play an important role in maintaining an elevated blood pressure in experimental hypertension and in a significant proportion of patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 1245020 TI - The effect of procaine amide on components of excitability in long mammalian cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The microelectrode technique of intracellular constant current application and intracellular transmembrane voltage recording was used to study the effects of procaine amide (PA) on cardiac excitability. We measured the effect of PA in a concentration equivalent to clinically effective antiarrhythmic plasma levels (5 mug/ml), on nonnormalized and normalized strength-duration and charge-duration curves, membrane characteristics, and cable properties in long sheep Purkinje fibers in normal Tyrode's solution with [K+]0 = 4.0 mM. PA exerted a complex action and influenced passive resistance-capacitance (RC) and active generator properties by decreasing membrane conductance, primarily membrane sodium conductance. Whether PA increased or decreased excitability depended on the relative contribution of the drug-induced alterations in passive and active membrane properties. These findings may explain, in part, the conflicting results of studies on cardiac excitability in the whole animal, as well as the clinical observation that PA may exert both artiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic effects. The primary mechanism by which PA modifies excitability would seem to differ considerably from that of the structurally similar local anesthetic agent lidocaine. PMID- 1245022 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 secretion. Failure to abolish autoregulation in the isolated dog kidney. AB - We studied the role of renal prostaglandins in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) in the isolated dog kidney. Indomethacin or meclofenamate, 2 mg/kg of body weight, suppressed renal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, measured by radioimmunoassay, to zero within 20 minutes; the effect persisted for the duration of the study. When renal arterial pressure (PRA) was maintained at 104 mm Hg both drugs caused a sharp decrease in sodium excretion and RBF with redistribution of flow from inner to outer cortes we examined autoregulation of GFR and RBF over the pressure ranges of 150-100 and 150-75 mm Hg, respectively, after inhibition of PGE2 secretion and under control conditions. deltaGFR/deltaPRA (ml/min per mm Hg) was 0.020 +/- 0.017 in the indomethacin group, 0.152 +/- 0.055 in the meclofenamate group, and 0.086 +/- 0.017 in the control group. The change in GFR for the indomethacin group was significantly less than that for meclofenamate (P less than 0.01) and control groups (P less than 0.025); the latter two groups were not statistically different from each other (P greater than 0.1). There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.1) between the three groups with respect to deltaRBF/deltaPRA, which measured 0.288 +/- 0.046, 0.370 +/- 0.112, and 0.438 +/- 0.123 ml/min per mm Hg in the indomethacin, meclofenamate and control groups, respectively. Renal was lowered from 150 to 75 mm Hg. The observation that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis promotes a redistribution of RBF from inner to outer cortex suggests that renal prostaglandins may participate in the regulation of medullary blood flow. However, since autoregulation of GFR and RBF remained intact despite inhibition of prostaglandin secretion, these data argue against a role for renal prostaglandins in regulating whole kidney GFR and RBF. PMID- 1245023 TI - Ventricular elastic modulus as a function of age in the Syrian golden hamster. AB - Analysis of passive right and left ventricular pressure-volume curves for hearts of 72 Syrian golden hamsters studied in vitro showed increases in ventricular weight, volume, and compliance at mid-age. Both ventricles were filled by syringe pumps at a constant rate. Ventricular compliance (dV/dP) was determined by electronic differentiation of the intraventricular pressures and formation of the ratio (dV/dt)/(dP/dt) as a continuous function of intraventricular pressure between 0 and 30 mm Hg. By relating, with justification, the left ventricle to a thin-walled elastic sphere, ventricular elastic moduli, E, for different ages were compared at constant levels of myocardial wall stress, sigma. The elastic modulus E proved to be a linear function of sigma. The slope of the E-sigma plot yielded a stiffness constant, K, for each age group. Body weight, heart weight, end-diastolic volume, and dV/dP all varied by more than 200% up and then down as a function of age, but K was not a significant function of age. These results suggest that the aging heart does not normally undergo substantial alterations in passive properties that affect the muscle cells and fibers themselves, but rather that the observed changes in compliance are primarily attributable to alterations in ventricular size. PMID- 1245021 TI - Distribution of myocardial blood flow in the exercising dog with restricted coronary artery inflow. AB - The effect of a proximal coronary artery stenosis on transmural myocardial blood flow during exercise was studied in nine dogs with electromagnetic flowmeter probes and hydraulic occluders on the left circumflex coronary artery. Regional myocardial blood flow at rest and during treadmill exercise was estimated with radioactive microspheres 7-10 mum in diameter. Exercise studies were performed during unrestricted coronary artery inflow (control exercise) and during partial inflation of the occluder to a level which did not reduce flow at rest but which limited the increase in flow during exercise to 66 +/- 6% (mild restriction) or 44 +/- 3% (severe restriction) of the value during control exercise. Mean myocardial blood flow at rest was 0.94 +/- 0.06 ml/min per g of myocardium and increased to 2.45 +/- 0.15 ml/min per g during control exercise, with uniform distribution across the wall of the left ventricle. Flow to the subepicardial myocardium was significantly greater during exercise in the presence of a mild restriction than during control exercise, whereas flow to deeper layers of myocardium was progressively decreased below the control level. A similar pattern of redistribution of flow occurred during exercise in the presence of a severe restriction, but flow to all transmural layers was below that during mild restriction, resulting in more marked subendocardial underperfusion. Thus, exercise in the presence of stenosis resulted in transmural redistribution of myocardial blood flow with subendocardial underperfusion in proportion to the degree of restriction of coronary artery inflow. PMID- 1245024 TI - Effect of vagal stimulation on the overflow of norepinephrine into the coronary sinus during cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation in the dog. AB - In anesthetized dogs with the chest open, supramaximal stimulation of the left cardiac sympathetic nerves at 2 and 4 Hz produced an increase of 40-50% in ventricular contractile force (CF) and of 40-65% in coronary sinus blood flow. At these frequencies of stimulation, norepinephrine (NE) overflow into the coronary sinus was 29.8 +/- 5.1 (SE) and 54.9 +/- 13.2 ng/min, respectively. Concurrent, supramaximal vagal stimulation, at a frequency of 15 Hz, had no significant effect on coronary sinus blood flow, but caused a 25% reduction in CF and a 30% decrease in NE overflow. The changes in CF and NE overflow evoked by vagal stimulation were prevented by atropine. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there are muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic sympathetic terminals in the walls of the ventricles. Acetylcholine released during vagal stimulation combines with these receptors, causes a reduction in the liberation of NE, and thereby attenuates the positive inotropic response. PMID- 1245025 TI - Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by calcium antagonists in isolated rat lungs. AB - The role of a transmembrane calcium influx in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was studied in isolated, blood-perfused, rat lungs. We reasoned that, if the influx of extracellular calcium mediated the hypoxic mechanism, pressor responses to alveolar hypoxia (2.5% O2) would be susceptible to inhibition by the calcium antagonists verapamil (2 X 10(-5) to 2 X 10(-1) mM) and SKF 525A (2.6 to 260 mM). Susceptibility of hypoxic pressor responses to inhibition by these calcium antagonists was contrasted to that of pressor responses elicited by the humoral vasoconstrictors angiotensin II(1 or 0.5 mug) and prostaglandin F2alpha (10 myg). Since neither saralasin (0.5 muM), a competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, nor meclofenamate (6.8 muM), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, depressed hypoxic pressor responses, it was concluded that these humoral transmitters were not directly involved in the hypoxic mechanism, and therefore served as independent reference agonists. The order of susceptibility of pulmonary pressor responses to inhibition by verapamil was hypoxia greater than angiotensin II greater than prostaglandin F2alpha. SKF 525A also reduced pressor responses to hypoxia more readily than those to angiotensin II. The greater inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by both calcium antagonists suggested that the hypoxic mechanism was critically dependent on the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium. Mediation of the hypoxic response by this type of excitation-contraction coupling is consistent with the idea that hypoxia has a direct depolarizing effect on the vascular smooth muscle. It also provides a unifying explanation for inhibition of the hypoxic mechanism by various agents that have depressant or stabilizing actions on membranes in addition to other pharmacological effects. PMID- 1245026 TI - Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Optimal resources for examination of the chest and cardiovascular system. A hospital planning and resource guideline. Radiologic facilities for conventional x-ray examination of the heart and lungs. Catheterization-angiographic Laboratories. Radiologic resources for cardiovascular surgical operating rooms and intensive care units. AB - This is an updated and expanded planning and oprimal resource guideline for diagnostic examinations of the cardiovascular system. Catheterization angiographic laboratories are described and detailed specifications given for radiologic and physiologic equipment. Case loads for maintaining safe and effective performance are recommended and complication rates discussed. An optimal location for the laboratory is defined and the status of affiliated laboratories reviewed. Professional staff qualifications, relationships and requirements are enumerated and recommendations are made for organization and administration of the services. There is a protocol for electrical safety and radiation protection and a data base for assessing case loads in hospitals within a community or region. This statement also defines optimal facility and equipment criteria for conventional chest x-rays and radiologic equipment requirements for cardiovascular surgical operating rooms and intensive care units. PMID- 1245027 TI - On the genesis of heart sounds. Contributions made by echocardiographic studies. PMID- 1245028 TI - Sound pressure correlates of the Austin Flint murmur. An intracardiac sound study. AB - Mitral valve motion and pressure correlates of the Austin Flint murmur (AFM) were investigated in nine patients with aortic regurgitation using high fidelity catheter tip micromanometers and the mitral valve echocardiogram (MVE). External phonocardiography demonstrated a mid-diastolic murmur (MDM) in eight subjects and a presystolic murmur (PSM) in five. Maximum intensity of both AFM components was found in the left ventricular (LV) inflow tract; the murmur was not recordable in the left atrium (LA). In two patients, an apparent AFM was recorded in the intracardiac phonocardiogram when absent externally. Only one subject had a significant late diastolic "reversed" or LV to LA gradient; in this patient, presystolic mitral regurgitation was shown angiographically but no PSM was present and MVE revealed absence of atriogenic mitral valve re-opening. In two subjects, a PSM disappeared from the external phono when a "reversed" gradient occurred during the diastolic pause following a ventricular premature systole; this LV to LA gradient was associated with diastolic mitral regurgitation recordable in the left atrial phono. In two patients, LV inflow phono showed the MDM to begin 80-120 msec after the aortic second sound and during the D to E phase of the MVE. The rate of early diastolic mitral valve closure in patients (152 +/- 24 mm/sec) was not significantly different from 13 normals (232 +/- 10 mm/sec). With regard to the genesis of the AFM, the present study concludes: 1) diastolic mitral regurgitation plays no role, and 2) antegrade mitral valve flow is required but simultaneous retrograde aortic flow may also be necessary. PMID- 1245029 TI - Electrocardiographic manifestations of concealed junctional ectopic impulses. AB - Thirteen episodes of concealed junctional ectopic impulses (JEI) in ten patients are described. In nine patients the JEI manifested as isolated automatic impulses and in one as a parasystolic junctional tachycardia. In addition to the previously described unexpected prolongation of the P-R, Type I and Type II A-V block, the following phenomena were recorded: 1) marked, greater than 400 msec, and persistent prolongation of the P-R interval, 2) striking changes in the duration of the P-R with an occasional sequence of R-P and P-r intervals simulating "supernormal" A-V conduction, 3) unexpected variation of the junctional escape interval explained by junctional parasystole with entrance block, 4) postponed compensatory pause, 5) concealed junctional discharge with reciprocation. PMID- 1245030 TI - Vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction. AB - Frank lead vectorcardiograms (VCG) from four carefully selected patient subgroups (226 patients) were analyzed to develop optimal criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction. Specificity was evaluated using 100 healthy volunteers under age 30 and 80 patients with normal left ventriculogram and normal coronary arteriograms. Sensitivity was determined using 25 patients with evolutionary ST-T wave changes (V1-2), and LDH and CPK isoenzyme evidence of acute myocardial infarction; and 21 patients with anterior wall akinesia or dyskinesia and greater than 70% occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Patients with VCG evidence of bundle branch block, left or right ventricular hypertrophy were excluded. The criterion for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction which was found to give the highest sensitivity with greater than or equal to 95% specificity was: initial anterior QRS forces must not exceed 0.1 mV in maximal anterior amplitude and also must not exceed 24 msec in duration. The performance of this proposed criterion was then tested using four similarly defined patient subgroups consisting of a total of 222 patients. The incidence of false positive diagnosis in these test subgroups was less than 1% with a sensitivity of greater than 95%. The overall performance of the proposed criterion was found to be significantly superior to both the widely accepted VCG and ECG criteria for anterior myocardial infarction. Thus, this quantitative criterion using both time and duration of initial anterior forces is both a highly specific and a sensitive indicator of anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 1245031 TI - Statistical analysis of pacemaker follow-up data. Rate stability and reliability. AB - In a rate-stable pacemaker, pacemaker rate reflects battery voltage level and should remain constant or be slightly depleted with time in a linear fashion until failure occurs. Linear regression techniques are therefore particularly suited to the analysis of pacemaker rate data. Data on model 8114/8114A Starr Edwards pacemakers followed at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center were studied. For a given pacemaker both the slope of the regression line and the standard deviation about the regression line are proportional to the original rate. Natural indices of rate depletion and rate stability for each pacemaker can therefore be calculated by dividing the slope and the standard deviation, respectively, by the inpercept of the corresponding regression line. This model pacemaker has a small average standard deviation so that significant variations from the line of regression, indicating impending pulse generator failure, can be detected in spite of random fluctuations. Emergency and prophylactic replacements can therefore be kept to a minimum so that pulse generator lifetime is maximized. Success in extending pulse generator longevity can be measured by actuarial techniques, which show this pacemaker to have a median battery depletion time of 38 months and a median replacement time of 35 months. PMID- 1245032 TI - Alterations in ventricular contraction pattern in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Detection by echocardiography. AB - The effects of abnormal ventricular activation upon the contractile pattern of the ventricles in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) remain uncertain. Therefore we compared the motion of the anterior right ventricular wall (RV), the interventricular septum (IVS), and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) on echogram in nine patients with WPW and one patient with a coronary sinus pacemaker (CSP) to 20 normal subjects. Normal subjects manifested posterior RV motion which began and reached maximal excursion at 175 and 366 msec (group mean), respectively, after the onset of the QRS complex; posterior movement of the IVS which started and peaked at 90 and 30 msec, respectively; and anterior contraction of the LVPW which began and peaked at 159 and 406 msec, respectively. Five of seven patients with Type A WPW demonstrated a localized area of premature contraction of the LVPW occuring during the initial 100 msec interval following the onset of the QRS complex which was accompanied by paradoxic anterior motion of the IVS. Thereby in Type A patients initial and maximal posterior motion of the IVS occurred later, 230 (P less than 0.001) and 400 (P less than 0.05) msec, and anterior motion of the LVPW occurred earlier, 75 (P less than 0.001) and 367 (P less than 0.05) msec as compared to normal. The amplitude and duration of early contraction could be related to the prominence of the delta wave during atrial pacing. Similar premature contraction was also observed in the patient with CSP during paced beats. One Type B WPW patient exhibited abnormal IVS motion while the additional patient manifested premature LVPW contraction similat to that seen in Type A patients. The contractile pattern of the right ventricular anterior wall was recorded in five of seven Type A Wolff-Parkinson-White patients and manifested prolongation of the interval from the onset of the QRS complex to the initial posterior movement (group mean 234 msec, P less than 0.05) as compared to normal. Thus echocardiography can be used to confirm the diagnosis and to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 1245033 TI - Cardiac imaging using a phased array ultrasound system. I. System design. AB - A new two-dimensional, real-time, high resolution ultrasound imaging system is described. This system uses a linear array of ultrasound transducers to generate tomographic images of the heart in a circular sector format. Phased array techniques allow rapid steering of the ultrasound beam so that images are produced at the rate of 20 per second, or more, while maintaining a resolution of 2-4 mm throughout the field of view. PMID- 1245034 TI - Cardiac imaging using a phased array ultrasound system. II. Clinical technique and application. AB - A new two-dimensional ultrasound imaging system capable of producing high resolution tomographic images of the heart in real time has been developed. This system relies on phased array principles to rapidly steer the ultrasound beam through the structures under investigation. A hand-held linear array of 16 ultrasound transducers with overall dimensions of 14 mm at the site of contanct may be readily manipulated to image various cardiac structures. The resulting images are displayed in a circular sector format, 60 degrees in azimuth and typically 15 cm in range. At his maximum range, image frames consisting of 256 lines are generated at the rate of 20 frames/second. High azimuthal resolution throughout the field of view is assured by a focused transmit beam and by sweeping the focus of the receiver is synchrony with the range of returning echoes. Azimuthal resolution varies from 2 to 5 mm throughout the field of view while range resolution is 1.5 mm. This imaging system has proven particularly useful for the delineation of left ventricular spatial geometry by the identification of endocardium, myocardium, papillary muscles and interventricular septum. High quality images of anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, aortic root and aortic leaflets as well as left atrium and other cardiac structures have been obtained. PMID- 1245035 TI - Echocardiographic determination of left atrial volumes in children with congenital heart disease. AB - The feasibility of determining left atrial volumes (LAV) from LA echo dimensions was assessed in 36 children (group I) with normal cineangiographically determined LAV and 16 children (group II) with LAV overload. Conventional LA echo dimensions, obtained within 24 hours of cardiac catheterization, were compared to the angiographic LA anterior-posterior minor axes (LAmA) and LAV. There was excellent correlation betweeh the LA echo dimensions and the LAmA. In all patients, the LA echo less than LAmA, the differences being more pronounced in group II. Good correlations were found between the LAV and the LA echo, and were expressed by the equations LAV = 7.5 LA echo1.8 (r = .85) and LAV = 8.1 LA echo2.1 (r = .86) for groups I and II, respectively. Changes in LA configuration with volume overload were shown to cause a disproportionate increase in LAmA compared to the other LA dimensions and the LA echo dimension, thus necessitating the separate regression equations. Echo LA to aortic ratios were 0.86 +/- 0.11 and 1.21 +/- 0.23 (mean +/- SD) for groups I and II, respectively. This method of estimating LAV can be useful in the management of left-to-right intracardiac shunts and mitral regurgitation in infants and children. PMID- 1245036 TI - Localization of aortic valve vegetations by echocardiography. AB - Nine patients with anatomically documented vegetations on one or more cusps of the aortic valve had echocardiograms in which abnormal echoes were associated with the aortic leaflet echoes. The motion of the abnormal echoes during systole correlated well with the anatomic location of vegetations: a vegetation on the right coronary cusp moved anteriorly with systole while a vegetation on the noncoronary cusp moved posteriorly during systole. Our data, although inconclusive, suggest that echoes from a vegetation on the left coronary cusp maintain a mid-aortic position throughout the cardiac cycle. The echocardiographic appearance of vegetations is not specific, but in the setting of septicemia, dense mobile echoes in the region of the aortic valve are strongly suggestive of vegetation. A normal echocardiographic appearance of the aortic valve does not exclude the possibility that vegetation is present, especially if the growth is less than 5 mm in size. PMID- 1245037 TI - Influence of acute changes in preload, afterload, contractile state and heart rate on ejection and isovolumic indices of myocardial contractility in man. AB - To determine the sensitivity of several isovolumic and ejection phase indices of myocardial contractility to loading, inotropic stimulation and heart rate in man, 14 patients (pts) were studied during cardiac catheterization with simultaneous recordings of left ventricular (LV) pressures and ultrasound dimensions. Measurements were made of instantaneous and mean circumferential fiber shortening velocity (VCF), maximal (max) rate of LV pressure rise (dP/dt), dPHdt divided by end-diastolic circumference [(dP/dt)/C], (DP/dt)/C divided by aortic valve opening pressure [(dP/dt/CP], PEAK CONTRACTILe element velocity (VCE) using total LV pressure, VCE extrapolated to zero total pressure (Vmax), VCE at a developed pressure of 10 mm Hg (VCEDP10) and dP/dt at a common isovolumic developed pressure of 40 mm Hg [(dP/dt)/DP40]. Resulta are expressed in per cent change of the mean for the group. Acute preload increase (8.6% increase in end-diastolic circumference) with volume expansion at constant heart rate in 7 pts produced insignificant changes in VSF, an 8.3% increase in max dP/dt, no change in (dP/dt)/C, a variable response in (dP/dt)/CP, 18% reduction in peak VCE, 16% reduction in Vmax, 14% increase in VCEDP10, and a 10% increase in (dP/dt)/DP40. An acute increase in afterload produced by angiotensin in 8 pts (44% increase in peak stress) led to a 38% decrease in VCF, a 2.5% increase in max dP/dt, no significant change in (dP/dt)/C, a 26% reduction in (dP/dt)/CP, variable responses in peak VCE and Vmax, an 11% increase in VCEDP10 and minor changes in (dP/dt)/DP40. All of the contractility indices were augmented significantly by isoproterenol and atrial pacing. In a given patient, max, dP/dt appears to be useful in the assessment of acute changes in inotropic state since the magnitude of its response to abrupt changes in preload is small and to afterload insignificant. Normalizing max dP/dt for end-diastolic circumference assures better stability during loading with good sensitivity to inotropic stimulation. VCF may be used whenever changes in afterload are minimal. The isovolumic measurements of VCE (regardless of whether total or developed pressure is used) lack sufficient stability during acute changes in loading conditions to warrant their use in the quantitative assessment of acute changes in inotropic state. PMID- 1245038 TI - Suppression of ouabain-induced ventricular rhythms with aprindine HCl. A comparison with other antiarrhythmic agents. AB - Three groups of dogs were given ouabain (mean 60 mug/kg) until an accelerated ventricular escape (AVE) and repetitive ventricular response (RVR) followed cessation of pacing. In a group of six control dogs, the AVE and RVR were found to occur at stable escape intervals for periods of at least three hours. A second group of dogs received various antiarrhythmic agents in an attempt to suppress the AVE and RVR. Quinidine, diphenylhydration, lidocaine, procainamide, and propranolol, were successful in only 0 to 33% of trials. Potassium canrenoate, 12 mg/kg was unsuccessful in three dogs. Verapamil, by bolus, suppressed RVR in 41% and AVE in 21% of trials. KCl, infused until AVE and RVR were suppressed, was successful when the mean serum potassium rose from 3.8 mEq/L to 7.2 mEq/L. Aprindine, 2.86 mg/kg, suppressed AVE and RVR in 14 of 14 dogs. In the third group of dogs, verapamil was infused continuously and suppressed RVR and AVE at a mean cumulative dose of 2.93 mg/kg. Calcium chloride reversed aprindine and verapamil-induced suppression of RVR and AVE. This study demonstrates that RVR and AVE resist suppression by available antiarrhythmic agents in clinically-used doses. Only aprindine was 100% successful at doses used in man. The ionic pathogenesis of RVR and AVE is unknown, but some data suggest the slow current may play an important role. PMID- 1245039 TI - Surgical repair of atrial septal defect in patients over 60 years of age. Long term results. AB - In order to evaluate results of surgical repair of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in patients 60 years of age or older, a review was made of 16 patients who had undergone such operation between January 1964 and December 1974. Before operation eight patients were in functional classification III (New York Heart Association), seven were in class II, and one was in class I. Twelve patients had a left-to-right shunt greater than 3:1. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was greater than 40 mm Hg in 12 patients and greater than 60 mm Hg in five. Four patients had documented paradoxical emboli and were being treated with Coumadin. Before operation all patients but one were receiving digoxin. Repair was accomplished by direct suture in two patients and Dacron patch graft in 14. No deaths occurred during the postoperative period. Postoperatively, ten patients were in class I, five in class II, and one remained in class III. The hospital stay ranged from eight to 20 days (average 11 days). Two patients died one year and another (at the age of 77) five years after surgery. The remaining 13 patients are alive and well three months to 11 years after surgery. We conclude that repair of secundum ASD in patients over the age of 60 is safe, has low morbidity, and produces considerable clinical improvement. PMID- 1245040 TI - Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities and ventilation-perfusion imbalance in children after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - The pulmonary perfusion of 25 children who had total surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot was evaluated by radionuclide perfusion scans. In addition, 18 had 133Xe ventilation studies. Eighteen of the children previously had palliative systemic-pulmonary shunts; 14 had aortic-pulmonary shunts (Waterston or Potts-Smith) and four had Blalock-Taussig shunts. Seven children had single stage total corrections. An asymmetric perfusion pattern was found in 13 of 18 children who previously had systemic-pulmonary shunts, including 12 of 14 with previous aortic-pulmonary shunts (P less than 0.05). The most common finding was relative hypoperfusion of the lung which had received the palliative shunt (P less than 0.001). The distribution of ventilation remained relatively symmetric, even when perfusion was markedly abnormal, and this resulted in ventilation perfusion imbalance in several patients. Asymmetric perfusion was significantly less common in patients who had undergone single stage corrections (P less than 0.05). The findings document the frequent occurrence of residual abnormalities of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation-perfusion imbalance in patients who have palliative aortic-pulmonary shunts prior to total repair, and support the position that single stage correction is preferable to aortic-pulmonary shunting in the surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 1245041 TI - Risk of new myocardial infarction in middle-aged men with manifest coronary heart disease. AB - Men incuring coronary heart disease (CHD) during surveillance of an employed population were studied for risk factors associated with additional myocardial infarctions. The coronary-prone Type A behavior pattern measured by a test score, number of cigarettes smoked daily, and serum cholesterol were significantdiscriminators between the 67 men with recurrent CHD and the 220 with but a single clinical CHD event. Diastolic blood pressure and fasting serum triglycerides were not significant discriminators. Statistical analyses directed to possible sources of bias occasioned by the combined retrospective-prospective study design revealed that these problems are negligible and do not alter the findings observed. Type A score appears relatively unaffected by whether the measure was made before or after the initial CHD event. Multivariable discriminant function equations showed Type A score to be the strongest single predictor of recurrent CHD among the variables available. Number of cigarettes smoked and serum cholesterol accounted for additional variance. Future field trials for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction would be strengthened by consideration of the possible role of Type A behavior. PMID- 1245042 TI - Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study compared to the findings of the Framingham study. AB - The Western Collaborative Group Study (WCGS) is a prospective epidemiological study of 3,154 initially well men, aged 39059 years at intake in 1960-61, who were employed in ten participating companies in California. Clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) occurred in 257 men during a follow-up period of eight and one-half years. Coronary heart disease risk is predicted using the additive multiple logistic model with the risk factors: age, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, hematocrit, ECG status, smoking at intake, and relative body weight. The predicted individual CHS risk levels, using the logistic results derived from the WCGS data, are highly correlated with predicted risk levels using a Framington study (FS) equation for these same risk factors with 12-year follow up. The observed number of CHS events in the WCGS is not significantly different from the expected number of events derived from the FS logistic equation, after correction of length of follow-up. Multiple logistic analysis of the direct association between CHD incidence and behavior pattern gives an approximate relative risk of 1.9 (P = 0.0006) and 2.1 (P = 0.0015) for Type A compared to Type B men aged 39-49 and 50-59 years, respectively. It is estimated that removal of the excess risk associated with Type A behavior would correspond to a 31% (standard error = 6.6%) reduction of coronary heart disease incidence in the Western Collaborative Group Study population. PMID- 1245043 TI - Acute effects of increase in pulmonary vascular distending pressures on pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary extravascular fluid volume in man. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects of supine leg exercise or atrial pacing were studied in 114 patients undergoing right and either transseptal (87 cases) or retrograde (27 cases) left heart catheterization. Seventy-one patients - 15 with coronary artery disease, 22 with aortic valve disease, and 34 with mitral valve disease - performed exercise on a bicylce ergometer. Forty-three patients, of whom 22 had coronary artery disease, nine aortic valve disease and 12 mitral valve disease, were studied during rapid atrial pacing. Cardiac index (CI), pulmonary artery mean (PAm), and left atrial mean (LAm) pressure, pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and pulmonary extravascular volume (PEV) were measured during the control state and during acute intervention. Both exercise and pacing resulted in significant elevations in PAm (range 37-65%) and LAm (range 36-43%) mean pressures in all patients. Cardiac index rose between 34 and 58% in the exercise groups, but did not change in those who were paced. During intervention both PBV and PEV increased significantly in all but the nine patients with aortic valve disease who were paced. Although volume increased occurred, they did not achieve the 5% significanc- level. For all patients the mean increment in PBV ranged between 37 and 123 ml/m2 over control, while PEV rose between 15 and 35 ml/m2. In each group the increases in PEV and PBV were proporationate, so that the ratio of PEV/PBV DID NOT CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN THE CONTROL AND INTERVENTION STATES. Thus PEV and PBV increases occurred with elevations in pulmonary vascular pressures whether or not blood flow increased. Our data in patients with normal pulmonary vascular beds (i.e., coronary artery disease and aortic valve disease) strongly support the hypothesis that recruitment of vascular channels accounts for the acute changes in PEV and PBV and that the changes in PEV over a brief period of time do not necessarily reflect a "true" increase in extravascular lung water. Although pressures are higher in the lungs of patients with mitral valve disease, the data also suggest that recruitment is likely to be the mechanism for the observed proportionate increase in pulmonary extravascular volume and pulmonary blood volume. PMID- 1245044 TI - The acute hemodynamic effects of ethacrynic acid and furosemide in patients with chronic postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects of either ethacrynic acid or furosemide were studied in 27 patients who underwent diagnostic right and transseptal left heart catheterization. Twenth-three patients had postcapillary pulmonary hypertension secondary to isolated or predominant mitral stenosis. Of these, 21 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III, and one each in class II and IV. In the remaining four patients pulmonary artery pressures were normal. Two patients had aortic stenosis and one each coronary artery disease and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. All four patients were in class II. Cardiac index, pressures, and pulmonary blood volume (PBV) were measured in the control state and 20, 40, and 60 min after diuretic administration. Pulmonary extravascular fluid volume (PEV) was measured in the control state and at 60 min post drug infusion. A similar hemodynamic response was observed for each drug. Significant reductions in pulmonary artery and left atrial mean pressures, cardiac index, and plasma volume occurred over the one hour observation period and were accompanied by a significant duiresis. However, despite recutions in central pressures and blood flow, PBV, ev, and PEV/PBV remained unchanged, as did systemic arterial pressure. Since 23 of the subjects had postcapillary pulmonary hypertension it is postulated that the failure of PBV to decrease significantly despite significant decreases in pulmonary artery mean pressure is related to altered pressure volume characteristics in the pulmonary vascular bed in which the lung is operating on a steep portion of its pressure volume curve. The failure of the PEV to decrease supports the concept that the pulmonary extravascular space is relatively resistant to early decreases in pulmonary capillary pressure induced acutely. The failure of the pulmonary extravascular fluid volume to decrease despite a fall in plasma volume and pressures corresponds to the well recognized delay in resolution of radiologic evidence of pulmonary congestion. PMID- 1245045 TI - De Subitaneis mortibus. XVI. Intractable tachycardia in infancy. AB - Intractable tachycardia in a boy proved fatal at the age of one year. A cousin still living has the same problem. Special electrocardiographic studies in the boy demonstrated a consistent abnormality which included complete atrioventricular dissociation with a normal atrial rate but a ventricular rate usually about 240 beats/minute; a His bundle comples preceded each QRS and all QRS complexes were narrow and uniform in configuration without a delta wave. At postmortem examination there were changes due to congestive failure and the heart was enlarged but otherwise normal except for the His bundle. In its midportion the His bundle was split into several thin and irregular longitudinally oriented strands, within which there were many areas of focal degeneration. There was no myocarditis and no focal degeneration elsewhere in the heart. Although the etiology of this process is uncertain, some possibilities are discussed. PMID- 1245046 TI - Echocardiography diagnosis of ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva. Report of two cases. AB - Echocardiographic features of two cases of ruptured congenital aneurysm of Valsalva sinus with (case1) and without (case 2) a supracristal ventricular defect were studied before and after surgery by standard echocardiography. M-mode scan and two-dimensional echocardiography. Discontinuity was observed in the echo from the aneurysm wall of the Valsalva sinus in case 1 with ruptured aneurysm, but was not observed in a similar case of unruptured aneurysm. Herniation of the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve into the right ventricular outflow tract was also observed in case 1. After surgical correction the echo from the aneurysm wall and from the herniated right coronary cusp of the aortic valve disappeared. Discontinuity in the echo from the anterior aortic wall and the interventricular septum also disappeared. In case 2, discontinuity in the echo from the anterior aortic wall, and tricuspid flutter with an abnormally low early diastolic peak were observed. These abnormalities disappeared after surgery. The ability of echocardiography to detect ruptured Valsalva aneurysm is discussed. PMID- 1245047 TI - Right ventricular growth in a case of pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right ventricle. AB - Adequate growth of the hypoplastic right ventricle in a patient with severe pulmonary stenosis with an intact ventricular septum was documented after pulmonary valvotomy in infancy. It is postulated that the growth of the ventricular chamber is largely the result of pulmonary regurgitation resulting from successful pulmonary valvotomy. Based on this and the observations of others on the growth of the hypoplastic right ventricle in pulmonary atresia (with intact septum) cases, an organized approach to eventual total surgical correction is recommended. PMID- 1245048 TI - Convenient method for checking detector response of spectrophotometers at three wavelengths. AB - We describe the use of a water-soluble dye, available as green food coloring, to check the linearity of detector response of spectrometers and spectrophotometers at three wavelengths. The dye has absorbance maxima at 257 nm, 410 nm, and 630 nm. The advantages of using this solution for this important instrument function check are: one solution with absorption maxima in the opposite ends of the visible spectrum as well as in the ultraviolet region; safe; inexpensive; readily available; easy to use; absorbance not dependent on pH from 2.5 to 10.0 or on temperature from 4 to 56 degrees C. PMID- 1245049 TI - Procedure for mechanized (continuous-flow) measurement of serum ascorbic acid (vitamin C). PMID- 1245050 TI - The Chicago section, AACC. PMID- 1245051 TI - Letters: Relationship between alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activity. PMID- 1245052 TI - Letter: Reuse of disposable Sephadex columns for a triiodothyronine uptake test. PMID- 1245053 TI - Letter: Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in serum of renal-disease patients. PMID- 1245054 TI - Letter: Further use of the Sure-Sep technique for serum-plasma separation. PMID- 1245055 TI - Letter: Dissenting view on computer systems. PMID- 1245056 TI - Letter: Effect of urobilinogen on urinary estrogen determination. PMID- 1245057 TI - A computerized system for storage and statistical analysis of clinical amino acid data. AB - We have developed a system of computer programs to expedite analyses of amino acid data obtained in a clinical environment. The system contains a program for building and maintaining libraries of chromatogram data, and a program for retrieval of data on the basis of any of its associated biographical characteristics. Several programs have been written that work with data drawn from the libraries. They provide for easy presentation, manipulation, or statistical analysis of the data. Included are comparison of population means and variances and intra-population correlation analyses. A minicomputer that has 12K of core storage is adequate for use with the system. PMID- 1245058 TI - Simultaneous determination of five sex hormones in human serum by radioimmunoassay after chromatography on Lipidex-5000. AB - We describe a method for determination of pregnenolone, progesterone, 17alpha hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in 1-2 ml of serum from male or female. Using microcolumns of Lipidex-5000 (hydroxyalkoxypropyl Sephadex, 0.5 g) and light petroleum/chloroform (97/3) as the solvent during chromatography, we resolved these five steroids into four fractions, with pregnenolone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone eluting together. By use of selected antibodies, the latter two steroids were also determined specifically. Use of microcolumns allowed minimization of solvent volumes and sample transfers. Consequently, blank values for all the five steroids were negligible. Lowest measureable concentrations (in ng/liter) were: pregnenolone 100, progesterone 25, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 50, testosterone 25, and 5alpha dihydrotestosterone 25. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 5 to 9% and 10 to 15%, respectively, for the five steroids. Serum concentrations of these steroids are given for women in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and for women on oral contraceptives of the combination type, as well as for normal men. PMID- 1245059 TI - Effect of time and temperature on blood P50 and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate measurements. AB - The oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is affected by various factors, including blood pH and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The latter and blood P50 values are unchanged when aliquots of blood from normal individuals are permitted to stand at room temperature for as long as 7 h. Our data also show that equilibration in a 37 degrees C tonometer for times ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 h causes no detectable alterations in P50 values. PMID- 1245060 TI - Organic acids in urine from human newborns. AB - The pattern of organic acids in urine from 15 normal newborn infants was investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of trimethylsilylated derivatives. The urine contains large amounts of succinic, fumaric, 2 ketoglutaric, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acids, which are all fairly small components of urine from adults. On the other hand, hippuric acid is a small component in the urine from newborn infants, but a large component later in life. An additional number of differences can be seen. Some previously unrecognized aliphatic dicarboxylic acids were also observed, which are present to some extent in urine from adults. PMID- 1245061 TI - Thermodynamic aspects of some radioassays. AB - In a number of radioimmunoassays and radiotransin assays, effective equilibrium constants have been measured at different temperatures in order to define the relative contribution of changes of entropy and enthalpy to the change in free binding energy. In systems with a large enthalpy component, the lowest possible incubation temperature maximizes sensitivity, and control of temperature throughout the assay is important. Conversely, when enthalpy change is small, a high temperature allows rapid attainment of equilibrium without loss of sensitivity. At a theoretical level, the thermodynamic characteristics of binding may allow some insight into the nature of the binding process. PMID- 1245062 TI - Evaluation of a reagent-strip method for glucose in whole blood, as compared with a hexokinase method. AB - The hexokinase method (I) for glucose in biological fluids, proposed by the FDA as a potential national standard method, is compared with the Eyetone/Dextrostix/Control method (II) for measurement of glucose in whole blood. I used a new, two-step calibration procedure based on a 1.30 g/liter standard for the II system. The correlation coefficient for results by the two methods was 0.99 for 142 assays in duplicate. Recovery values were near 100% (I, range 100.0 to 106.2%; II, range 100.8 to 105.1%), and the coefficients of variation were respectively +/- 4.1% and +/- 4.5%. Considering the close correlation between the two methods, together with the simplicity, speed, and convenience of II, I conclude that it has great clinical utility, particularly in emergency situations. The precision and accuracy of II depends greatly on proper calibration and control procedures and on adequate training of the operator. PMID- 1245063 TI - Comparison of four kits for enzymatic determination of ethanol in blood. AB - We compared results obtained with four commercially available kits for the enzymatic (alcohol dehydrogenase) determination of ethanol in blood, in a practical test in which standardized blood samples were used. Each of the kits yielded reliable results with acceptable reproducibility. A tendency to record slightly lower values in the intermediate and high alcohol range is most likely related to incomplete (inhomogeneous) deproteinization. Blood samples containing ethanol plus various concentrations of methanol and isopropanol were analyzed to evaluate the specificity of assays. Highly toxic blood concentrations of methanol (1.5 g/liter) increased apparent ethanol values only insignificantly, but even small concentrations of isopropanol (0.5 g/liter) interfered in all kits to different but substantial extents. The specific technical characteristics of the kits, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Costs are compared for analysis of small numbers of samples. PMID- 1245064 TI - Atypical increase in serum creatine kinase activity in hospital patients. AB - We use an ion-exchange column-chromatographic technique for separating creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum, and occasionally observe what appears to be sustained increase in the MB fraction. Most patients whose sera show such behavior have myocardial disease, but not necessarily a recent myocardial infarction. Electrophoretic analysis of a small sampling of such sera revealed that the apparent MB migrates atypically, appearing distinctly between isoezymes MB and MM. In another electrophoretic system, the peak might easily be mistaken for MM. This unusual isoenzyme does not appear to be "macro" creatine kinase. In laboratories that use the ion-exchange technique, the possibility of a falsely positive MB value should be considered in subjects who show persistent increases together with normal or nearly normal values for total creatine kinase activity. A suitable electrophoretic method that clearly demonstrates this unusual isoenzyme should be used in such cases, for confirmation. PMID- 1245065 TI - Undernutrition and tetracycline half life. AB - The plasma half life of tetracycline hydrochloride was determined in groups of well-nourished and undernourished subjects employing two dosage schedules and two routes of administration, namely oral and parenteral. Protein binding of the drug was estimated and relative volume distribution was calculated. The results indicated that in undernourished subjects, the half life of tetracycline hydrochloride, protein binding and relative volume distribution were all significantly low as compared to well-nourished subjects. The elimination rate was considerably higher in the undernourished groups, which accounted for the shorter half life. These data suggest that to maintain adequate serum concentrations of the drug in undernourished subjects, tetracycline needs to be given at more frequent intervals. PMID- 1245066 TI - Application of an exponential curve equation for calculation of serum creatine kinase activity. AB - A four-point scale for determination of serum creatine kinase activity is suggested and the application of an exponential curve equation is proposed for cases with this enzyme activity exceeding 177 I.U. The introduction of this modification permits the activity of creatine kinase to be determined in high activity serum without diluting the serum before determination since this is a source of error in certain muscular diseases. PMID- 1245067 TI - [Evolution of serum copper and zinc levels in burn patients (author's transl)]. AB - The study of copper and zinc in 35 patients, over periods of up to 21 days following thermal injury, is marked by an important and early fall in serum copper and zinc levels. The maximum intensity of the biological disturbance appears about two days after the injury. Reversion to near normal values coincides with recovery from the large part of the lesions. The comparison of the evolution of serum levels does not permit any definite relationship to be established between copper and zinc metabolism. PMID- 1245068 TI - Xanthelasma and hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - Ninety-eight females exhibiting xanthelasma have been examined for hyperlipoproteinaemia. Fifty-four (55.1%) have shown signs of this defect and forty-two (77.8%) of these have shown the Type II abnormality. Low cholesterol diets have shown that the hyperlipidaemia can be reversed within nine months of the patients starting the diet, and in the majority of cases, the serum lipid concentration can be kept within normal limits by diet alone. The application of low cholesterol diets to patients with xanthelasma does not cause any regression of the plaques. PMID- 1245069 TI - 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid: an unusual compound isolated from the urine of children with suspected disorders of metabolism. AB - 1. An unknown compound has been isolated in the acidic fraction of urine samples taken from several children suspected of having metabolic disorders. 2. This unknown has been characterized using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/computer system. Both the high and low resolution mass spectra have been determined and a structure proposed. 3. Authentic samples were synthesized and compared to the unknown and a final proof of structure is presented. The compound, 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, is suspected to come from a dietary source but the actual genesis will be determined in future work. PMID- 1245070 TI - Ornithine carbamoyl transferase activity. Use of a bovine liver extract in quality control. AB - To obtain a pure ornithine carbamoyltransferase for quality control in clinical chemistry, the authors compared human plasma and bovine liver ornithine carbamoyltransferase. The data show that the KM of both enzymes are similar (respectively 1.03 and 1.33 mmol when ornithine is used as substrate; 1.02 and 1.06 mmol with carbamyl phosphate). The following properties are shown to be equivalent: linearity of the enzymatic reaction, inhibition by higher substrate concentrations, and temperature denaturation. The similarities between the two enzymes indicate that bovine liver ornithine carbamoyltransferase can be used in clinical chemistry quality control. PMID- 1245071 TI - Glutaric aciduria type II: report on a previously undescribed metabolic disorder. AB - A report is given on a hitherto undescribed metabolic disorder, characterized clinically by fatal neonatal acidosis, hypoglycemia and a strong 'sweaty-feet' odour. Biochemical features were a massive urinary excretion of glutaric and lactic acids. Isobutyric, isovaleric and alpha-methylbutyric acids were also greatly increased, followed by adipic, ethylmalonic, alpha-hydroxybutyric, n butyric, beta-hydroxybutyric, sebacic, suberic, propionic, alpha hydroxyisovaleric and hexanoic acids. The serum level of glutaric acid was highly elevated. In the serum there were also abnormal levels of lactic, alpha hydroxybutyric, adipic, suberic, p-hydroxyphenyllactic, myristic, hexadecenoic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids. Plasma lysine and valine were also elevated. Degradation of 14C-labelled glutaric acid and 14C-labelled branched-chain amino acids, alpha-ketoisovaleric and alpha-ketoisocaproic acids in intact fibroblasts was decreased, whereas that of pyruvic acid was normal. The defect was tentatively supposed to be localized at the level of the metabolism of a range of acyl-CoA compounds. The name glutaric aciduria 'type II' is proposed for the patient's disease. PMID- 1245072 TI - Estimation of methylmalonic acid in urine by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1245073 TI - The catalase activity of erythrocytes in chronic renal failure. PMID- 1245074 TI - The urinary excretion of DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1245075 TI - Suitability and limitation of the clot-weight method for the determination of fibrinogen in plasma. PMID- 1245076 TI - Assay of an activator for lipoprotein lipase. AB - A method is described which enables the ability of human serum to activate guinea pig lipoprotein lipase to be measured in terms of an arbitrary standard. Evidence is offered which strongly suggests that the substance measured is also the activator of human lipoprotein lipase and observations on the relative levels of activator in human sera are given. PMID- 1245077 TI - The Newborn Health Insurance Exclusion Clause eradicated in Ohio. PMID- 1245078 TI - Hypertension in adolescents. A significantly high prevalence among students attending an inner city school. PMID- 1245079 TI - Improving physician-parent communication. Some lessons learned from parents concerned about their child's congenital heart defect. PMID- 1245080 TI - The clinical picture of coexisting toxoplasma and toxocara infection and its management. A small child with a rare double infection. PMID- 1245081 TI - Transplacental passage of fetal red cells into the maternal circulation. In normal, abnormal, and instrumental deliveries. PMID- 1245082 TI - Health supervision of infants on the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, New York. The record is no better than in big city slum areas. PMID- 1245083 TI - Myoglobinuria with acute renal failure in children. The importance of intensive care and peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 1245084 TI - Benign essential tremor in childhood: Symptoms, pathogenesis, treatment. PMID- 1245085 TI - Evaluation the functioning of a poison control center. Suggestions on how to protect children from toxic accidents. PMID- 1245086 TI - Effects of household burglary on children. Some suggestions for coping. PMID- 1245087 TI - Drugs in the management of hypertensive emergencies in children. Notes and comments on currently popular agents. PMID- 1245088 TI - Anemia as the only presenting manifestation of congenital syphilis. PMID- 1245089 TI - Commentary: the present dilemma of drug research. PMID- 1245090 TI - Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of clonidine. AB - A 300-mug oral dose of clonidine was administered to 5 normal volunteers and measurements of plasma concentration and effects upon blood pressure, heart rate, circulatory reflexes, sedation, and dry mouth were made for the following 8 hr. The plasma concentration rose to a peak of 1.02 +/- 0.52 ng/ml (SD) at 90 min and fell with a mean half-life of 12.7 hr. Blood pressure of the group fell from 111.0/77.0 to 87.2/60.4 after 3 hr and was 95.2/62.2 mm Hg at 8 hr. Heart rate in recumbency was slowed. Marked sedation and a fall in salivary flow followed the same time-course as the plasma concentration. The cold pressor response was reduced but the Valsalva overshoot was little affected. PMID- 1245091 TI - Disposition kinetics of quinidine. AB - The disposition kinetics of quinidine in 12 hospitalized patients in whom oral quinidine therapy was to be initiated is described. Quinidine in doses of 2.6 to 5.2 mg/kg base were infused intravenously over 22 min. Plasma samples were collected during the postinfusion for 24 hr and analyzed by a specific and sensitive assay procedure. In the 12 hr after administration, postinfusion plasma quinidine concentration decay was described by a biexponential equation. Attempts to include the 24-hr data point in the fitting procedures resulted in poorer agreements between the theoretical and experimental curves. A 2-compartment open model is proposed to describe the disposition of quinidine. The volume of the central pool (Vc) and steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) were 0.91 +/- 0.11 L/kg and 3.03 +/- 0.25 L/kg, respectively, and indicate that quinidine distribution is predominantly extravascular. Quinidine distribution was quite rapid (t1/2alpha = 7.19 +/- 0.70 min), while the apparent elimination half-life (t1/2beta) was considerably longer, 6.333 +/- 0.47 hr. Total body plasma clearance ranged from 1.49 to 7.15 ml/min/kg (mean 4.70) and is primarily associated with nonrenal mechanisms of drug elimination. Urine specimens collected for 48 hr indicated that 17% of the dose is excreted intact and that urinary excretion was essentially complete within 24 hr. Renal clearance (Clr) was 0.80 +/- 0.18 ml/min/kg. The study demonstrated that there is substantial interpatient variability with respect to quinidine disposition. PMID- 1245092 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nalidixinic acid and oxolinic acid in healthy women. AB - The pharmacokinetics of oral nalidixic acid (NA, 1 gm 4 times a day) and oxolinic acid (OA, 750 mg 2 times a day) administered for 7 days were studied in the same 10 healthy women on the first, third, and seventh days of the treatment. The peak concentrations of NA + OH-NA (hydroxynalidixinic acid) in serum at 2 to 3 hr were 34 mug/ml (total) and 23 mug/ml (unconjugated) on the first day and nearly two times higher on the third and seventh days; 82% to 85% of these amounts were NA. The protein-free fraction of NA + OH-NA was 8.8% to 18.3%. The total concentration of NA + OH-NA in urine was 1,220 to 2,700 mug/ml, the unconjugated concentration, 250 to 350 mug/ml, and the chemotherapeutically active concentration, 55 to 75 mug/ml. In steady state the 24-hr recovery of the total drug was 79% of the daily dose. The excretion rate in urine was 591 to 853 mg/6 hr. The OA concentration in serum was very low on the first day of the treatment, but increased to 4- to 5-fold on the third and seventh days: 6.2 to 6.4 mug/ml (total) and 3.3 to 3.6 mug/ml (unconjugated). The protein-free OA represented 19% to 23% of the total amount. The modest initial serum concentrations of OA were confirmed by the low urine concentrations on the first day. In steady state the OA concentration in urine was 570 mug/ml (total) and 35 mug/ml (unconjugated), and the 24-hr recovery, 49% and 3%, respectively. The microbiologic assay gave somewhat higher concentrations of the active drug than did the chemical assay. When taken with food, the excretion of OA in urine was retarded by 6 hr but the 48-hr recovery was not decreased. PMID- 1245093 TI - Studies in porphyria. V. Drug oxidation rates in hereditary hepatic porphyria. AB - The mean plasma half-life (T1/2) of antipyrine was prolonged (21.69 +/- 1.92 hr) in a group of 10 patients with hereditary hepatic porphyria, 8 of whom had acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) confirmed by decreased erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen 1-synthetase (URO-S) activities and 2 of whom had mixed hepatic porphyria, in comparison to the mean of 20 normal control subjects (12.65 +/- 0.86 hr, p less than 0.01). Antipyrine T1/2 was especially prolonged in patients with a history of more severe symptoms, but there was no correlation with the degree of elevation in urinary excretion of the porphyrin precursors delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). In 7 completely latent carriers of the AIP gene defect who had normal urinary ALA and PBG levels, the elimination rates of antipyrine from plasma were entirely normal. Phenylbutazone T1/2s were normal in 10 porphyric patients tested. These results demonstrate that the cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme system for oxidizing antipyrine, but not that for phenylbutazone, is impaired in some AIP individuals in whom the gene defect for the disorder is clinically expressed and that this impairment may be related to the severity of the disease. The partial decrease in URO-S activity characteristic of AIP does not result in a profound or generalized decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 function, however, even when there is sufficient derangement in the hepatic heme biosynthetic pathway to lead to excessive excretion of chemical intermediates in the pathway. PMID- 1245095 TI - Letter: Effects of marijuana in coronary disease. PMID- 1245094 TI - Erythromycin and clindamycin absorption and elimination in pregnant women. AB - Thirty-nine pregnant women admitted for therapeutic abortions during early or mid pregnancy were given erythromycin estolate, erythromycin base, or clindamycin hydrochloride orally in single or multiple doses. Peak serum levels of clindamycin were 3.4 to 9.0 mug/ml following a single dose of 450 mg, whereas peak serum levels of erythromycin were 0.29 to 7.2 mug/ml following 500 mg in a single dose. The individual variability of serum concentrations of erythromycin was greater than that reported in normal men and nonpregnant women, whereas the serum levels of clindamycin were rather uniform, and similar to what has been reported in nonpregnant individuals. Following multiple doses of each antibiotic, high serum levels were obtained in virtually all subjects, and urine levels were also higher. Following single doses the mean urinary recovery was 2% for erythromycin and 16.8% for clindamycin. PMID- 1245096 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1245097 TI - Cataract surgery: an out-patient procedure. PMID- 1245098 TI - Treatment of acromioclavicular separations in athletics. PMID- 1245099 TI - The Yale School of Medicine and community health institutions: effecting the partnership. PMID- 1245100 TI - Psychiatry's own identity crisis. Myths in mental health planning. PMID- 1245102 TI - Editorial: Politics, privacy and the parent locator service: the physician's responsibility. PMID- 1245101 TI - On the bounds of freedom: from the treatment of fetuses to euthanasia. PMID- 1245103 TI - Do you need a will? PMID- 1245104 TI - Amniocentesis: application to fetal well-being and maturity. PMID- 1245105 TI - United States of America before Federal Trade Commission. PMID- 1245106 TI - Women in medicine: a survey of professional activities, career interruptions, and conflict resolutions. Trends in medical education and specialization. PMID- 1245107 TI - Medical communication sources for continuing physician education: used or unused? PMID- 1245108 TI - Grief and the primary physician. PMID- 1245109 TI - Personal finance for the self-employed professional: building a protfolio. PMID- 1245110 TI - Epilepsy: some comments on diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1245111 TI - Basic echocardiography: an over-view. PMID- 1245112 TI - Priorities in the diagnostic evaluation of hypertension. PMID- 1245113 TI - Endolymphatic stromal myosis in two patients on progestagen therapy. PMID- 1245114 TI - Oestrogen synthesis during delayed implantation in the rat. PMID- 1245115 TI - Comparative glycolytic metabolism in the normal and in the copper treated human endometrium. PMID- 1245116 TI - A comparison of the Dalkon Shield and Gravigard (copper 7) intra-uterine devices in Southampton. PMID- 1245117 TI - Studies of duplex (copper-coated) wires for use in intrauterine devices. PMID- 1245118 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of inert and copper-bearing intra-uterine devices. PMID- 1245119 TI - Four years experience with the Cu7 200 device-endouterine copper in fertility control. PMID- 1245120 TI - Effects of oral contraceptive steroids on pituitary prolactin secretion. PMID- 1245121 TI - Successful first trimester abortion with 15(S) 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester vaginal suppositories. PMID- 1245122 TI - Chronoperiodicity in response to the intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2alpha. PMID- 1245123 TI - Processing of the preparations of beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin for minimization of cross-reactivity with human luteinizing hormone. PMID- 1245124 TI - Kinetics of antibody response in animals injected with processed beta-HCG conjugated to tetanus toxoid (Pr- beta-HCG-TT). PMID- 1245125 TI - Immunological reactivity of antibodies produced by Pr-beta-HCG-TT with different hormones. PMID- 1245126 TI - Investigations on pharmacopoeial safety, microbial sterility and pyrogens of Pr beta-HCG-TT. PMID- 1245127 TI - Acute toxicity and pharmacology of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin conjugated tetanus toxoid (Pr-beta-HCG-TT). PMID- 1245128 TI - Autopsy report on rhesus monkeys immunized with Pr-beta-HCG-TT vaccine. PMID- 1245129 TI - Antibody response to Pr-beta-HCG-TT vaccine in human subjects. PMID- 1245130 TI - Influence of HCG and tetanus toxoid injections on the antibody titers in a subject immunized with Pr-beta-HCG-TT. PMID- 1245131 TI - Clinical profile and toxicology studies on four women immunized with Pr-beta-HCG TT. PMID- 1245132 TI - The Juvenile Welfare Board. A Florida county responds to needs of children and youth. PMID- 1245134 TI - Defining emotional neglect. PMID- 1245133 TI - Psychological consultation for preschool parent groups: an educational psychological intervention to promote mental health. PMID- 1245135 TI - Youth advisory services in six European countries. PMID- 1245136 TI - Short-term casework: a rational-emotive approach. AB - Time-limited casework based on the concepts of the rational-emotive school of psychotherapy can prove an effective intervention strategy by altering a client's irrational perception of his situation. PMID- 1245137 TI - Psychotic depression in a patient with progressive muscular dystrophy: treatment with multiple monitored electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 1245138 TI - Neurological manifestations of chronic marihuana intoxication. Part I: paresis of the fourth cranial nerve. PMID- 1245139 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a study of pulmonary function. PMID- 1245140 TI - Epithelializing an epithet: therapies of the hysterical personality disorder. PMID- 1245141 TI - Neuropsychological testing following head injuries: prosopagnosia without visual field defect. AB - Assessment of residual cerebral dysfunction in the post-traumatic patient poses considerable problems particularly when the neurological examination yields minimal or equivocal findings. The clinical picture is frequently complicated by emotional disturbance not easily differentiated from "post-traumatic neurosis." This report describes such a patient whose disorder was elicidated by neuropsychological testing. Numerous studies have established the validity of neuropsychological tests particularly when they are interpreted by psychologists specifically trained in their use. These procedures are also useful in differentiating patients with neurologic complaints of a nonorganic etiology from patients with similar complaints secondary to confirmed brain lesions. Although the findings reported here pertain to a patient exhibiting a rare neurologic consequence of closed head injury, the methods employed are applicable to subtle behavioral manifestations of diverse etiologies. Neurophyshological findings in a patient unable to recognize faces of familiar persons (prosopagnosia) disclosed a severe impairment of visual perception despite intact visual acuity and fields. The prosopagnosia was also associated with a pervasive memory deficit without dementia. Our results challenge current concepts of prosopagnosia and support the need for neuropsychological evaluation of post-traumatic patients. PMID- 1245142 TI - The Vietnam veteran: the task is re-integration. AB - The Vietnam veteran is re-integrating into the Community. Some veterans are experiencing special difficulties, and tend to cluster inot groups which are cemented by common needs, common symptoms or ideologies. At Brentwood V.A.H., the Vietnam veterans show serious psychiatric illness. The contributing factors are often complex, and include personality and social maladjustments, traumatic experiences and an impoverished family and social structure. The full range of psychiatric therapies may be appropriate, depending upon the individual problem constellation. In addition to empathic professional treatment, there is a need for community support and for a continuing open-minded clinical inquiry about both the defined and as yet unmet needs of the Vietnam veteran. Some veterans are in need of help but reject V.A. facilities. Answers to this problem are not easy. As the adolescent veteran ages, some maturation may spark a greater flexibility in attitudes and viewpoints. The V.A. as an institution is obligated to exercise its own strugles to attain a broader community base for its services. Other non V.A. agencies have this responsibility as well. Veterans are also citizens in a wider sense. Everywhere, helping professionals have many tasks. One of these is to recognize the dangers of blurring the boundary between advocacy and therapy. The failure to attend to this confusion risks sacrificing the patient in advancing the cause. PMID- 1245143 TI - Lithium carbonate in juvenile manic-depressive illness. AB - A case of juvenile manic-depressive illness associated with mental retardation is reported having been treated successfully with lithium carbonate. During four years of maintenance treatment with daily doses of 600 mgs. to 900 mgs. per day of lithium carbonate, disruptive manic behavior has been controlled and a subjective leveling out of mood has allowed that patient to develop more fully her cognitive and psychomotor capacities. There was one exascerbation of disruptive behavior during the first year of treatment that was easily controlled with haloperidol together with continued lithium carbonate maintenance treatment. No measurable adverse developmental or thyroid effects have been noted. The Shaffer acquiescence scale of the MMPI correctly predicted that the patient would be a positive responder to lithium carbonate treatment. PMID- 1245144 TI - Glucose-insulin metabolism in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The present study deals with possible connections between the schizophrenic syndrome and alterations of the glucose-insulin metabolism. Data have been obtained in 18 patients, 9 males and 9 females, aged 22-62 years, suffering from chronic schizophrenia of 5-29 years duration. The patients were treated with Haloperidol for 30 days, 6 mg, i.m.p.d. to a total dose of 180 mg. The glucose metabolism was examined through a GTT (with a glucose load of 100 gr. per os), and an Insulin Tolerance Test (with 0.1 U/kg body weight). The insulin levels were examined under glucose load by the radioimmunological assay of Hales and Randle. The glycemic levels were examined under glucose load by an oxidative method. The psychopathological features were controlled by a Wittenborn Rating Scale. The metabolic and psychological examinations were done twice before the beginning of therapy, at 46 hrs. interval, then at 10-20-30 days of therapy. The results are probative for the presence of a chemical diabetes in a significantly high percent of patients. The significance of possible neurotransmitter impairments acting at both the biochemical and psychological levels is discussed. PMID- 1245145 TI - Nasoflu - a live influenza vaccine. PMID- 1245146 TI - [Excision and removal of multiple polyps of the colon (author's transl)]. AB - Nowadays polyps in the gastrointestinal tract are usually removed under endoscopy, the method being highly effective and of low risk. Endoscopic removal, if necessary in several sessions, can be easily done even if there are multiple polyps of the colon. Altogether 69 polyps were removed from a 33-year-old woman, their microscopic appearance showing various degrees of proliferation. Complete removal of the polyp is of decisive importance, accomplished by enema wash-out. The diagnostic point of polypectomy lies in the histological assessment of the entire material which has been removed. PMID- 1245147 TI - [The effect of L-tryptophan on L-dopa absorption (author's transl)]. AB - Dopa blood levels were measured in healthy subjects after oral intake of 0.5 g L dopa (seven subjects) as well as of 0.5 g L-dopa and 1.0 g L-tryptophan (six subjects). Combined L-dopa and L-tryptophan administration produced significantly less of a rise in dopa blood levels than L-dopa alone. PMID- 1245148 TI - [Significance and risks of selective coronarography]. PMID- 1245149 TI - [Pathological anatomy and etiology of bladder carcinomas]. PMID- 1245150 TI - [Hairy cell leukaemia. I. Clinical features, cytochemistry, phagocytosis, establishment of permanent growing cell lines (author's transl)]. AB - In seven patients the diagnosis of hair cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) was confirmed cytochemically and histologically. Splenectomy, in six patients, apparently favourably influenced the course. Isoenzyme 5 of the acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the hairy cells of all patients. Reaction of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase was moderately positive in the hairy cells. Phagocytosis of latex and India-ink particles was demonstrated especially in tartrate-resistant cells of one patient. In two patients eight permanently growing cell lines were demonstrated from leucocytes and defined cytochemically. Capacity for phagocytosis of hairy cells and positive reaction of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase in the hairy cells suggest properties of monocytes. But it is not possible definitively to classify the hairy cells among B-cells or monocytes. PMID- 1245151 TI - [Number and kinds of drug side-effects in a medical clinic (author's transl)]. AB - All drug side-effects - definite, probable and suspected - were noted during one year in 1592 patients. The severity of the side-effects was classified into mild (15%), moderate (6.5%), and severe (1%) forms. Fatal side-effects occurred without exception only in those patients who were severely ill so that any risk of treatment had been fully justified. Among patients with renal failure, malignant haematological diseases or Hodgkin's disease there was a particularly high incidence of side-effects. Although the proportion of the latter patients was only 15% of all in-patients, they accounted for 35% of patients with side effects. PMID- 1245152 TI - [A new pharmacological test for diagnosing coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 45 patients with coronary artery disease, proven by coronary arteriography, and 15 patients without such disease 0.5 mg dipyridamole (Persantin) per kg body weight was injected i.v. over ten minutes. In 40 of the 45 patients with coronary artery disease anginal pain occurred during or immediately after dipyridamole injection and ceased immediately after intravenous administration of 0.24 g aminophylline (positive test), while in three it had stopped spontaneously without aminophylline (questionable positive test). Only in two of the 45 patients with confirmed coronary artery disease was there no anginal pain (false negative result). None of the 15 patients without coronary artery disease had anginal pain during the test. It is concluded from these results that the "dipyridamole test", which is simple to perform and does not stress the patient significantly, is at least equivalent diagnostically to the exercise E.C.G. test. PMID- 1245153 TI - [Testosterone-binding capacity, free-plasma testosterone fraction, and free plasma testosterone concentration in andrological patients (author's transl)]. AB - Testosterone-binding capacity (TeBG), free-plasma testosterone fraction (%FT), and free-plasma testosterone concentration (AFT) were measured in 24 men with primary and 14 with secondary hypogonadism of various causes, as well as in eight with coital impotence. There was a highly significant correlation between TeBG and %FT (r = minus 0.891; P less than 0.0005). TeBG and %FT did not generally differ from normal in primary hypogonadism, while AFT was normal or decreased, depending on the corresponding whole testosterone concentrations. In secondary hypogonadism there was always an increased TeBG and decreased %FT. Depending on whole testosterone concentration, AFT was low or very low. In impotent subjects TeBG, %FT and AFT were generally normal. The role of AFT determination in andrological diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 1245154 TI - [Treatment of acute viral hepatitis with laevulose infusions (author's transl)]. AB - Until 1962 all patients with acute viral hepatitis admitted to the Medical University Clinic at Marburg were treated with laevulose infusions. This treatment was discontinued in 1963. Follow-up examination of 109 patients with acute hepatitis who had been given laevulose infusions and 91 who had not (both groups being similar as to age and sex and average severity of the disease) revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the fall in transaminase levels during the first seven weeks after the onset of jaundice. Serum-bilirubin concentration was also similar. On the other hand, the abrupt fall in serum-bilirubin concentration in the second to third week of illness, so typical of the spontaneous course, occurred a week later in those who had been given laevulose infusions. Duration of the disease until normalization of transaminase and serum-bilirubin concentration was not favourably influenced by laevulose infusions. It is concluded that such infusions do not have a favourable effect on the course of acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 1245156 TI - [Quantification of the three-dimensional structure of jejunal mucosa in healthy subjects and patients with coeliac disease (author's transl)]. AB - Jejunal biopsies of 10 normal subjects and 7 patients with coeliac disease were analysed quantitatively using the microdissection technique described by Clarke. Mucosal surface in the healthy upper jejunum was increased 8.3 +/- 1.1 times, the number of villi per mm2 intestine being 18.2 +/- 2.1. The ratio of the number of crypts per villi was 10.7 +/- 2.3. Mucosal transformation in coeliac disease was associated with a decrease in villi and crypts per mm2 intestine as well as in mucosal surface and an increase in crypt depth and number of mitotic figures per crypt. There was a highly significant linear correlation between villous height and mucosal surface per mm2 intestine (r = 0.93). PMID- 1245155 TI - [Sinus tachycardia after implantation of a pacemaker for 2 : 1 A-V block with bradycardia (author's transl)]. AB - A demand pacemaker was implanted into a 74-year-old listless woman who was in congestive heart failure, obese and had diabetes mellitus. The ECG indicated a 2 : 1 A-V block (ventricular rate 40/min). Two days after implantation a sinus tachycardia of 98/min occurred and the diabetic metabolic state deteriorated. This was probably due to hyperthyroidism in a thyroid gland of normal size but varying uptake, and was possibly precipitated by the administration of iodine contained in an anti-asthmatic medication. PMID- 1245157 TI - [Indications for selective coronarography]. PMID- 1245158 TI - [Body composition in lean and obese persons determined by "lift balance densitometer" (author's transl)]. AB - A new method was used to measure body density in 125 persons (divided into five groups: lean male and female; extremely obese male and female; moderately obese female). There was no correlation between body weight and total body fat in lean males, but a good correlation in lean females. Fat-free body mass correlated well with body weight in both lean groups. There was good correlation between body weight and total body fat in obese males and females. Relative weight (weight related to Broca index) correlated well with fat percentage in obese males, females, and lean women, but not in lean males. The results suggest that the Broca index of over-weight (percentage over-weight = height in cm minus 100) is a good measure of obesity in females and in extremely over-weight males, but no conclusion can be drawn about the amount of fat tissue in males who are only moderately over-weight or under-weight. In these persons fat-free body mass correlates better with body weight than "obesity tissue". PMID- 1245159 TI - [Regeneration capacity of B-cell function in obese diabetics after weight reduction (author's transl)]. AB - Glucose and tolbutamide-stimulated endogenous insulin secretion were measured in 12 patients with partial B-cell insufficiency (diabetes of the adult type) before and after dietary weight reduction (average reduction 6.7 kg = 8.1% of average initial weight). In three patients there was complete restoration of normal B cell function with complete remission of the diabetes, in four there was incomplete regeneration of endogenous insulin secretion and of effective insulin reserve. In five patients with less weight reduction there was no response. The mechanism of B-cell function regeneration remains unknown. But weight reduction must be considered as causal treatment in maturity-onset diabetes associated with obesity. PMID- 1245160 TI - [Treatment of hyperlipidaemia. A comparison of the efficacy of clofibrate and beta-pyridylcarbinol (author's transl)]. AB - 64 patients with hyperlipidaemia, 13 of them with pure hypercholesterolaemia, were assigned to one of three pre-determined treatment regimes over a period of seven months. Two different commercial preparations of clofibrate and one preparation of beta-pyridylcarbinol were each given for two months separated by placebo periods of two weeks. All three drugs were equally effective against increased cholesterol levels. The two clofibrate preparations lowered increased triglyceride levels more reliably than beta-pyridylcarbinol. PMID- 1245161 TI - [A comparison of different methods of measuring bleeding time (author's transl)]. AB - Two methods of determining bleeding time (Ivy's and Duke's) were compared using a standardized method. Skin cuts were made with either a disposable scalpel or a precision plunger. Ivy's method gave results which were markedly superior to those with Duke's. It was, furthermore, shown that reproducibility of two successive determinations in the same person largely depended on the experience of the investigator. Best results were obtained using the precision plunger and automatic collection of blood. But even when these were used, there were frequent deviations of more than 20% in duplicate samples. PMID- 1245162 TI - [Taste disorders and liver parenchymal damage after administration of thiamazole (author's transl)]. AB - Marked, and in some cases long-lasting, taste disturbances occurred in three patients on thiamazole. In addition, all three had a rise in serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase levels, due to associated liver parenchymal damage. Cause of these changes was the high thiamazole dosage (160 and 120 mg/d). Reduction in dosage restored normal taste sense in all three, but in two the drug had to be discontinued because of persisting high transaminase levels. PMID- 1245163 TI - [Therapy of pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1245164 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic factors in chronic recurrent urinary-tract infections in children. II. Clinical symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - 2490 investigations in 171 children with chronic recurrent urinary-tract infections seen in a specialized out-patient unit for an average of 23 months demonstrated that clinical symptoms cannot be used as indicators of pyelitis or cystitis. 43% of recurrences (n=471) were completely asymptomatic. The symptomatology depends on the age of the patient and duration of the disease. Recurrences in the late course of the disease become frequently asymptomatic. Children with predominantly asymptomatic bacteriuria show pathological X-ray findings indicative of renal parenchymatous involvement as frequently as children with predominantly symptomatic recurrences. PMID- 1245165 TI - [Influence of antacids on plasma concentration of digoxin in man (author's transl)]. AB - In a cross-over trial the plasma concentrations of digoxin have been studied in nine healthy subjects given oral doses of digoxin alone and simultaneoulsy with magnesium-aluminium-silicate-hydrate and dimagnesium-aluminium-trisilicate. The administration of 0.75 mg digoxin on each of 3 days and 0.375 mg on each of 2 days caused a 17 percent decrease of digoxin plasma level when given simultaneously with 1100 mg magnesium-aluminium-silicate-hydrate (n=4) and a 24 percent increase when given with 1000 mg dimagnesium-aluminium-trisilicate (n=5), respectively. The differences are not significant. The experiments suggested that antacids containing magnesium-aluminium-silicate do not impair the absorption of digoxin in man. PMID- 1245166 TI - [Winiwarter-Buerger's thromboangiitis obliterans]. PMID- 1245167 TI - [Expert adviser's suggestion of transplantation bill]. PMID- 1245168 TI - [Letter: Endocarditis]. PMID- 1245169 TI - [Letter: Professional desjustion "Physiotherapist"]. PMID- 1245170 TI - [Letter: Unused excretory function of the human cervix]. PMID- 1245171 TI - [Letter: Seroimmunity against influenza (Hamburg 1974/1975)]. PMID- 1245172 TI - [Letter: Transfusion refusal]. PMID- 1245173 TI - [Letter: Active transport in the small intestine]. PMID- 1245175 TI - [Letter: Antibiotics in viral hepatitis?]. PMID- 1245174 TI - [Letter: Constructive criticism of a new Approbationregulation. A reply]. PMID- 1245176 TI - [Letter: Scheuermann's disease]. PMID- 1245177 TI - [Letter: Corticoids in pregnancy]. PMID- 1245178 TI - [Phenylketonuria: early diagnosis and mental development (author's transl)]. AB - The relationship of early diagnosis and treatment to mental development was studied in 152 children with phenylketonuria. The average IQ at onset of the diet, if within the first two months of life, was 105 in 60 children, 70 in 28 patients if between 3 and 12 months of life, and 53 in 31 of between the thirteenth month and the end of the second year. In 33 children in whom the diagnosis had been made after the second year, diet being started this late, average IQ was 50 with correspondingly greater scatter in the severe mental deficiency range. PMID- 1245179 TI - Limited proteolysis of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas. AB - Treatment of purified tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with either chymotrypsin, papain, subtilisin or elastase converts all the enzyme into a high-molecular weight intermediate. This protease-resistant core molecule has the same dimeric structure as the native protein and possesses the ability to bind substrates (tryptophan, ATP and tRNATrp) but is catalytically inactive. The monomer molecular weight of the protease-treated enzyme is 39000 compared to 54000 for the intact molecule. Chemical studies indicate that proteases excise the amino terminal part of the polypeptide chain. It has been demonstrated previously that removal of a 13000-dalton fragment from the amino-terminal region of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase converts the native enzyme to another active form. Cleavage of 20 additional amino acids produces the inactive protease-resistant core. PMID- 1245180 TI - Animal DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Purification and molecular structure of hen oviduct and liver class-B RNA polymerases. AB - Hen ovidcut and liver class B RNA polymerases have been extensively purified and their molecular structure has been analysed. While only one enzyme B form (BIIb) was found in liver, three forms (BI, BIIa and BIIb) were resolved from oviduct. The molecular structures of the various class B RNA polymerase forms purified from hen oviduct and liver are identical to the corresponding forms previously purified from calf thymus and rat liver. At the present level of resolution the only difference lies in a slight difference in the charge of one subunit (SB2a) of enzyme form BIIa, when comparing the mammal and bird enzymes. It is unlikely that the absence of enzyme forms BI and BIIa in purified hen liver RNA polymerase B could be related to limited and specific proteolysis during the purification, since co-purification of oviduct and liver RNA polymerase B activities from a mixture of oviduct and liver nuclei does not affect the presence of either oviduct enzyme form BI or BIIa in the final purified mixture. PMID- 1245181 TI - Porcine thyrotropin. The amino-acid sequence of the alpha and beta subunits. AB - The amino acid sequences of both the alpha and beta subunits of porcine thyrotropin have been studied. Bovine thyrotropin primary structure was taken as a model for ordering the tryptic peptides of porcine thyrotropin. The amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit is identical to that of porcine luteinizing hormone, while oligosaccharide side-chains differ in composition. The primary structure of the beta subunit differs from that of bovine thyrotropin by six amino acid replacements, in positions 22, 24, 26, 36, 62 and 69, and by the absence of a methionyl residue at the carboxy terminus. Chemical evolutions of thyrotropin and luteinizing hormone are compared. PMID- 1245182 TI - Coordinated induction and subsequent activity changes of two groups of metabolically interrelated enzymes. Light-induced synthesis of flavonoid glycosides in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. AB - The enzymes of the flavonoid glycoside pathway were specifically induced upon irradiation of a 10-day-old, dark-grown cell suspension culture of Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. with ultraviolet light. The curves for the activity changes of a first sequence of three enzymes (group I) revealed only small, but significant, differences. Sharp peaks in these enzyme activities were observed at about 17, 22, and 23 h after the onset of the irradiation. The apparent half-lives during the subsequent periods of decline ranged, in the same order, from about 10 to 15 and 17 h. No significant differences were found for the lag periods preceding the increases in the three enzyme activities. The possibility is discussed that the slight differences in the patterns of the light-induced activity changes are mainly due to different rates of degradation of the enzymes, suggesting an otherwise largely interpendent regulation. The patterns of the activity changes of four enzymes of the second sequence (group II) differed greatly from those observed for group I, but were again similar to one another. Thus, the two groups of enzymes appear to be regulated differently, despite their concomitant induction. A sigmoidal curve for the accumulation of the flavonoid glycosides was obtained upon the induction of the enzymes. This curve corresponded closely to that derived by integration of the curve for the activity changes of the first enzyme of group I, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. It is concluded that this enzyme might be rate-limiting for the entire pathway. PMID- 1245183 TI - Mechanism and stereochemistry of vinyl-group formation in haem biosynthesis. AB - 5-Aminolaevulinate containing tritium at C-3 and C-5 was converted into haem using a preparation of anaemic chicken blood. The biosynthetic haem was degraded to ethylmethyl maleimide and haematinic acid which had relative tritium radioactivity of 0.58 and 1.0 respectively. These results indicated that in the formation of the vinyl group of haem only one of the hydrogen atoms from the beta positions of two propionate side chains of coproporphyrinogne III was removed. Haem was also biosynthesised from [(3R)-3H1]2-oxoglutarate. The determination of relative radioactivity in ethylmethyl maleimide and haematinic acid endorsed the above conclusion and further indicated that the pro-R hydrogen atoms located at the beta-positions of the propionate side chains are retained in haem biosynthesis. In order to explore the status of hydrogen atoms located at the alpha-positions of propionate side chains haem was biosynthesised using [2RS) 3H2]succinate, [(2R)-3H1]succinate and [(2S)-3H1]succinate. Degradation of the three samples of haem into ethylmethyl maleimide and haematinic acid showed that both the vinyl groups of haem are formed through the loss of pro-S hydrogen atoms located at the beta-positions of the propionic acid side chains of coproporphyrinogen III. The results further showed that the hydrogen atoms located at the alpha-positions of the side chains are not involved in the biosynthesis of haem. Various mechanisms for the formation of vinyl groups in the biosynthesis are discussed. PMID- 1245184 TI - Complexes of poly(adenylic acid) with complementary monomers. AB - The interaction of a number of potentially complementary monomers with poly(A) has been investigated by equilibrium dialysis, optical rotatory dispersion and ultraviolet absorption measurements. Experiments were conducted at pH 7.0, 0.15 M Na+, where poly(A) exists as a random coil with some degree of base-stacking, and at pH 6.0, 0.15 M Na+, where poly(A) adopts the protonated double-helical acid form structure below 15 degrees C. Binding isotherms show that, at 3.5 degrees C, poly(A) forms a 1 : 1 complex with xanthine at pH 6, and a 2:1 complex at pH 7, while oxoformycin forms a 1:1 complex with poly(A) at both pH 6 and pH 7. Poly(A) forms a complex, tentatively assigned 1:1 stoichiometry, with 8-azaxanthine at pH 6, but no complexing occurs at pH 7. The complexes have been characterized by their optical rotatory dispersion and ultraviolet spectra, their thermal stabilities, and their rates of formation at low temperature. All the complexes are laevorotatory at long wavelengths (greater than 300 nm) and unplex formation at low temperature is a slow process requiring many hours for completion. The complexes of poly(A) with 3-methylxanthine have been reinvestigated and shown to undergo normal helix-coil transitions; the anomalous melting behaviour noted previously [Biopolymers, 10, 21 -- 33 (1971)] has been explained. From a comparison of optical rotatory dispersion spectra, it is concluded that the poly(A) with 3-methylxanthine have similar structures, which are quite different from the structures of the corresponding complexes with 7-methylxanthine. The structures and properties of the poly(A) - monomer complexes are discussed, and compared with those of other polynucleotide - monomer complexes. No significant interaction was observed between poly(A) and hypoxanthine, allopurinol, 6,8 dihydroxypurine, 1-methylxanthine, 9-methylxanthine, theophylline, theobromine or 3,9-dimethylxanthine. PMID- 1245185 TI - Stereochemistry of a methyl-group rearrangement during the biosynthesis of lanosterol. AB - 1. (3RS,6R)-[6-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C], (3RS,6S)-[6-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C] and (3RS)-[6-3H1,6 14C]mevalonolactones were synthesised from R-[2H1,3H1,2-14C], S-[2H1,3H1,2-14C] and [3h1,2-14C]acetic acids respectively. 2. Each mevalonate was converted into cholesterol by a rat liver preparation. 3. Each cholesterol specimen was converted into androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione by incubation with Mycobacterium phlei in the presence of 2,2'.dipyridyl. Each specimen of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17 dione was converted into androsta-1,4-dien-3-one-17-ethylene ketail. 4. The samples of androsta-1,4-dien-3-one-17-ethylene ketal were each converted chemically into oestrones in which the methyl group at C-18 is the only carbon atom that originated from C-6 in mevalonolactone. 5. The oestrone from (3RS)-[6 3H1,6-14C]mevalonolactone was oxidised chemically to acetic acid which was converted into p-bromophenacyl acetate and the 3H/14C ratio was measured. 6. There was no overall loss of tritium from the methyl group of acetic acid, as measured by determining the 3H/14C ratios of the p-bromophenacyl esters, when the synthetic and degradative procedures 1 -- 5 were tested with [3H1,2-14C]acetic acid. 7. The oestrones derived from the 6R and 6S-mevalonolactones were oxidised. The chiralities of the resulting acetates were determined by an established procedure whereby the acetates were converted into 2S-malates which were examined for loss of tritium on equilibration with fumarate hydratase. 8. The oestrone from (3RS,6R)-[6-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C]mevalonate gave acetic acid which was converted into 2S-malate that retained 68.6% of its tritium after treatment with fumarate hydratase; the configuration of this acetic acid was R. 9. The oestrone from (3RS,6S)-E16-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C]mevalonate was oxidised to acetic acid which was converted into 2S-malate that retained 31.9% of its tritium after treatment with fumarate hydratase; the configuration of this acetic acid was S. 10. There was no overall change in the configuration of a chiral methyl group between C-6 of mevalonate and C-18 of oestrone. It is cncluded that the intramolecular migration of a chiral methyl group from C-15 in 2,3-oxidosqualene to C-13 in lanosterol is stereospecific and occurs with overall retention of configuration. PMID- 1245186 TI - Allosteric activation of the hydrolysis of specific substrates by chymotrypsin. AB - A variety of azobenzene compounds having bis-quaternary nitrogens have been shown to accelerate the hydrolysis by chymotrypsin of certain specific substrates by an allosteric mechanism. One of the most potent, 2,2'-bis[alpha (benzyldimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene dibromide (2,2'-QBzl) accelerated the hydrolysis of glutaryl-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide 40-fold at saturating concentration. Acceleration was by increasing kcat without altering Km. The hydrolysis of acetyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide and acetyl-L-tyrosine anilide was also accelerated by Q-Bzl (25-fold and 1.8-fold respectively) while the hydrolysis of hemoglobin, azocoll and a number of esters was not affected. The inactivation of chymotrypsin by diphenylcarbamyl chloride and diphenylcarbamyl fluoride was accelerated by 2,2'-Q-Bzl. Reac;ivation in the presence of NH2OH was also accelerated, but in the absence of added nucleophile (i.e. of NH20H) no increase in rate was detectable. An allosteric effector was covalently attached to chymotrypsinogen A by reaction with 2,2'-bis[alpha-(o bromomethylbenzyldimethylammonium)methyl]azobenezene dibromide. The product, when converted to active enzyme, was about 4 times more active than chymotrypsin as a result of an increase in kcat of hydrolysis; Km was unaffected. The mechanism of the allosteric acceleration process is not known but, because for all of the substrates affected acylation of the enzyme is rate-limitimg, it is tentatively suggested that the effectors facilitate proton transfer to the leaving group by an inductive effect on the 'charge relay system'. Spectral studies indicate that the allosteric site is a portion of the enzyme with a polarity near that of water, possibly on the outside surface of the enzyme molecule. PMID- 1245187 TI - Circular-dichroism spectra of truncated and other analogs of angiotensin II. AB - Circular dichroism spectra on angiotensin II and analogs, and its truncated N terminal and C-terminal peptides were determined in fluroinated alcohols under several conditions in the peptide or aromatic spectral regions. The following conclusions were suggested: (a) evidence for a beta structure for angiotensin II; (b) evidence for a folding at the N-terminal and C-terminal part of the molecule; (c) an interaction involving the C-terminal residue which decreases progressively when phenylalanine is replaced by isoleucine and then by alanine; (d) the N terminal amino acid seems to play an important role in the overall conformation of the molecule possibly by interacting with the C-terminus, its absence in the 2 -- 8 heptapeptide giving rise to a more pronounced signal than angiotensin II; (e) in trifluoroethanol the conformation of these peptides is well defined and fits well with observed structure-activity relationships and observed binding data. There is a loss of this relationship when these solvents are diluted with water. PMID- 1245188 TI - Topological asymmetry of phospholipid metabolism in rat erythrocyte membranes. Evidence for flip-flop of lecithin. AB - 1. The distribution of phospholipids between inside and outside of rat erythrocyte membranes was studied by incubating the cells with phospholipase A2 from Naja naja venom and sphingomyelinase from Staphylococcus aureus. 2. Choline containing phospholipids were found to comprise the majority of the outer layer of the membrane. 3. The incorporation of radioactive fatty acids into phospholipids occurred predominantly at the inside of the membrane. 4. Exchange of phospholipids between red cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins occurred at the outside of the membrane. 5. Indications were found for a rather slow flip flop of lecithin across the membrane. PMID- 1245189 TI - Studies on the role and mode of operation of the very-lysine-rich histone H1 in eukaryote chromatin. The isolation of the globular and non-globular regions of the histone H1 molecule. AB - Digestion of calf thymus H1 histone with thrombin cleaves the molecule at the sequence -(Pro)-Lys-Lys-Ala-, corresponding to a point approximately 122 residues from the N-terminus (about 56% along the molecule). The N-terminal fragment is shown by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to possess the globular structure of the intact histome H1 molecule, whereas the C-terminal fragment appears to possess little or no structure. The N-terminal fragment separates into two peaks on an ion-exchange column, one of which is shown to originate from a single subfraction of calf thymus histone H1 and the other to originate from the other subfractions, by detailed comparison of the NMR spectra. It thus seems that the structure of the H1 histone in solution under physiological conditions consists of a globular head with a highly basic random coil tail. It is suggested that the globular head has a specific binding site on the subunit structure of the chromosome. PMID- 1245190 TI - Structural repeating units in chromatin. II. Their isolation and partial characterization. PMID- 1245191 TI - Induction of DNA synthesis and cell division in human diploid skin fibroblasts by fibroblast growth factor. PMID- 1245192 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of maintenance of concanavalin A binding sites in enucleated mammalian cells. PMID- 1245193 TI - Kinetics of 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport into cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 1245194 TI - On the regulation of cell growth in culture. PMID- 1245195 TI - Stimulation by serum of the phosphorylation reactions in density-inhibited 3T3 cells. PMID- 1245196 TI - Protein turnover in striated muscle as visualized by radioautography after (3H)leucine administration. PMID- 1245197 TI - [Trisomy 21 and superoxide dismutase-1 (IPO-A). Tentative localization of sub band 21Q22.1]. PMID- 1245198 TI - Density-dependent inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake into glioma and neuroblastoma cells in culture. PMID- 1245200 TI - 2nd symposium of the International Society on Metabolic Eye disease. PMID- 1245199 TI - Potential clinical applications of indocyanine green choroidal angiography- preliminary report. PMID- 1245201 TI - A new microscope rig. PMID- 1245202 TI - Effect of cinnarizine on nystagmus induced by rotation-deceleration. PMID- 1245203 TI - Placental extract therapy in atrophic rhinitis. PMID- 1245204 TI - Asthma deaths and aerosol propellants. PMID- 1245205 TI - Editorial: Iontophoresis--a major advancement. PMID- 1245206 TI - Editorial: Regulatory agencies and medical eyecare. PMID- 1245207 TI - Letter: Scleroplasty and progressive myopia. PMID- 1245208 TI - Letter: Peer review of cosmetic surgeons. PMID- 1245209 TI - Fresh tissue chemosurgery for tumors of the nose. PMID- 1245210 TI - Penetration of an oropharyngeal foreign body. PMID- 1245211 TI - Glaucoma--a classic treatise--part 6. PMID- 1245212 TI - Evaluation of dexon suture in cataract surgery. PMID- 1245213 TI - Specific treatment of respiratory allergy. PMID- 1245214 TI - Osteoma of the orbit. PMID- 1245215 TI - [Study on the colorimetric reaction of Cannabis indica]. PMID- 1245216 TI - Detection of cephalosporins with chloroplatinic acid on thin-layer chromatoplates. PMID- 1245217 TI - Effects of taurine on acute epilepsy in rabbits. PMID- 1245218 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of diftalone and 7-hydroxydiftalone in guinea pig plasma. PMID- 1245219 TI - [In vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity, blood and urinary levels of a new nalidixic similar drug]. PMID- 1245220 TI - Maturation of 5.8 S RNA in HeLa cells. PMID- 1245221 TI - Comparison between a biological and a radioimmunological assay of plasma renin concentration. PMID- 1245222 TI - Purification of monoacylglycerol hydrolase from human post-heparin plasma. PMID- 1245223 TI - In vitro inactivation of ornithine decarboxylase by a heat-labile factor from rat ventral prostate. PMID- 1245224 TI - Lipophilic thiourea and thiouracil as inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 1245225 TI - The role of phospholipase activity in the action of a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of Notechis scutatus scutatus (Australian tiger snake). PMID- 1245226 TI - Crossed immunoelectrofocusing in combination with a zymogram method: studies on esterase-active antigens solubilized from rat liver microsomes. PMID- 1245227 TI - Translation of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA. Effect of polyamines. PMID- 1245228 TI - Substance reacting with SRBC (sheep red blood cells) and rabbit IgG: isolation from thymus and spleen. PMID- 1245229 TI - Editorial: The fragile bridge between biology and medicine. PMID- 1245230 TI - Genome organization in higher organisms. Introductory remarks. PMID- 1245231 TI - Mechanism of anion transport in red blood cells: role of membrane proteins. AB - A number of anionic chemical probes that inhibit anion permeability of red blood cells are localized in a membrane protein of about 100,000 daltons, known as band 3. The inhibitory site has been explored using a series of disulfonic stilbene compounds. It apparently contains three positive charges, probably amino groups. Two probes, pyridoxal phosphate and N-(4-azido-2-nitropheyny)-2-amino ethyl sulfonate, are transported by the anion system but can be fixed in an irreversible bond under specified conditions (reduction with NaBH4 or exposure to light, respectively). Data obtained with these compounds indicate that the inhibitory site in band 3 is the transport site itself. Band 3 protein is exposed in part on the outside of the cell but it is also hydrophobically associated with membrane lipid. A model is proposed in which the band 3 protein acts as an anion permeation channel through the lipid bilayer. Near the outer aspect of the channel an anion binding site can undergo a local conformational change allowing a one-for-one anion exchange across a diffusion barrier. PMID- 1245232 TI - Tunable laser resonance Raman spectroscopic investigations of the transduction process in vertebrate rod cells. AB - Tunable laser resonance Raman spectroscopy has been applied to probe (in vivo) the role of rhodopsin in transducing light energy into the chemical necessary to generate a neural response. These in vivo experiments have suggested that the Schiff base linkage through which retinal is attached to opsin in rhodopsin is protonated. Furthermore, it appears that light eventually stimulates the deprotonation of the Schiff base linkage between the Meta I and Meta II steps in the intermediate sequence which is the result of light interacting with rhodopsin. Our data suggest that this deprotonation of the Schiff base occurs on the same time scale as overall proton release and uptake by the rhodopsin molecule. It is interesting to note that this series of protonations and deprotonations also occurs within the same time scale as the neural response generation in vertebrates and the generation of a proton gradient by bacteriorhodopsin, which is used by the bacterium, Halobacterium halobium, for ATP synthesis. If these data are analyzed within the context of the in vivo resonance Raman experiments (which seem to indicate that proton release is stimulated in the disc membrane during transduction) then there is a strong suggestion that the proton will assume an important role in any working hypothesis of visual transduction. In essence it appears that protons along with ATP and calcium ions must all be essential elements in the transduction process. PMID- 1245233 TI - Toxicology of some inorganic antihypertensive anions. AB - Sodium nitroprusside reacts with hemoglobin in vitro and in vivo to cause the formation of cyanmethemoglobin and the liberation of excess free cyanide. The latter is responsible for the typical signs of acute cyanide poisoning in mice after lethal doses of nitroprusside. Differences in the reactivity of the red cells of various species toward nitroprusside are due to differences in the permeability of the red cell membranes to nitropruside. In vivo thiocyanate results in the formation of methemoglobin in an elevation of blood cyanide levels in mice. The latter, however, does not result in cyanide poisoning since it is bound in the biologically inert form of cyanmethemoglobin. Thus, both nitroprusside and thiocyanate generate their own antidote in mice, but an excess of cyanide is released in the case of nitroprusside whereas excess methemoglobin is generated in the case of thiocyanate. Acute poisoning with thiocyanate salts apparently involves direct excitatory effects on the central nervous system. In vitro the reaction between thiocyanate and hemoglobin proceeds only in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Chronic administration of nitroprusside results in the elevation of blood thiocyanate levels presumably because of continuous, endogenous cyanide metabolism via rhodanese (thiosulfate sulfurtransferase). When one includes these previously unrecognized effects of nitroprusside and thiocyanate, there appears to be some correlation between the ability of a chemical to oxidize hemoglobin and its ability to activate nonadrenergic receptors for the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 1245234 TI - Mechanism of protection against the delayed neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus esters. AB - Delayed neurotoxic effects arise as a result of two distinct biochemical events: 1) inhibiton of neurotoxic esterase, and 2) 'aging' of inhibited enzyme. Protective agents undergo reaction 1 but cannot undergo 2. Reaction 2 may interfere with a normal physiological control mechanism. PMID- 1245235 TI - Metabolism of environmental pollutants by the isolated perfused lung. AB - An isolated perfused rabbit lung system was developed for the study of pulmonary metabolism of foreign compounds. The main features of the system include the use of autologous whole blood, constant pressure perfusion, subatmospheric ventilation, and measurement of a variety of physiological and biochemical parameters. Pulmonary metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene has been investigated with this system. In addition to the 3-hydroxy metabolite, three dihydrodiols and an unidentified polar metabolite were also found. The polar metabolite accounted for approximately 50% of all metabolites found in the five compartments of the perfusion system. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene increased total metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and shifted the pattern of metabolites. The perfusion system for the rabbit has been extensively modified for use with rats and guinea pigs. These smaller animals are currently being used to investigate pulmonary metabolism of trichloroethylene. PMID- 1245236 TI - Biochemical pathology of lung damage produced by chemicals. AB - Damage to the lung may be caused by chemicals that gain access to the alveolar zone by inhalation or via the pulmonary circulation. Several agents toxic to the lung have recently been found to bind covalently to pulmonary macromolecules or to disrupt certain metabolic reactions. However, it has also been observed that extensive chemical lung injury is not necessarily preceded by a depression of pulmonary metabolic reactions. One possible explanation for this might be that biochemical changes due to cell death are often masked and/or compensated for by changes associated with lung tissue repair. Substantial cell proliferation as a response to toxic lung damage is a common phenomenon in lung pathology. This makes it necessary to develop models that permit analysis of the biochemical events triggering and accompanying cell growth in lung. We have recently examined some aspects of cell proliferation in mouse lung. Intraperitoneal injection of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) produces within 3-5 days extensive hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and general disorganization of the cellular components of the lung. Total lung weight and total DNA per lung almost double within this time and are accompanied by proportional increases in protein and lipids. RNA accumulates at a faster rate than DNA. The changes in lung composition are accompanied by dose-dependent increases in the in vivo incorporation of thymidine into DNA and of leucine into protein. The activities of several enzymes (thymidine kinase, DNA polymerase, uridine kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 5'-nucleotidase) increase substantially after BHT. Administration of BHT to mice seems to offer a convenient tool to study cell growth in the lungs of mice. PMID- 1245237 TI - A critical look at the legal, ethical, and technical aspects of artificial insemination. PMID- 1245238 TI - "Second generation" prostaglandins: midtrimester pregnancy termination by intramuscular injection of a 15-methyl analog of prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - Eighty midtrimester gravid patients were treated with prostaglandin 15(S)-15 methyl Fa alpha by repeated intramuscular injections of 250 mug at 2-hour intervals for the elective termination of pregnancy. A success rate of 97.5% was achieved, with a mean initiation-to-abortion time of 17.2 +/- 1.0 hours. Gastrointestinal side effects were prominent but no serious complications occurred. Serial serum progesterone determinations and continuous intra-amniotic pressure recording were carried out in selected cases and correlated with abortifacient activity. This method of pregnancy termination appears particularly suitable for use in the early midtrimester of gestation. PMID- 1245239 TI - Results of ligation of internal spermatic vein in the treatment of infertility in azoospermic patients. AB - Ten azoospermic men treated by ligation of the internal spermatic vein are reported. Treatment of two of the ten resulted in pregnancies. The advisability of thorough evaluation of the azoospermic patient is well demonstrated by the finding of one patient with Klinefelter's syndrome. In our judgement, based on this small series, azoospermia should not be considered a contraindication to surgery. Complete evaluation of the azoospermia is essential. Indeed, the varicoceles seen in patients 9 and 10 were an incidental finding and in all likelihood played no role in the azoospermia. PMID- 1245240 TI - High deoxyribonucleic acid content of spermatozoa from infertile, oligospermic human males. AB - A study has been carried out, by means of an indole microchemical technique, of the DNA content of spermatozoa from a group of 13 normal subjects and 13 patients affected by infertility, characterized by oligospermia with a clinical, hormonal, and testicular picture peculiar to "idiopathic spermatidic arrest." The DNA content of spermatozoa from the infertile, oligospermic patients was nearly double that of normal subjects. This finding can be explained tentatively on the basis of genetic and/or cytologic events occurring during meiosis. PMID- 1245241 TI - Cytophilic activity in experimental immunologic orchitis in guinea pigs. AB - Classic experimental immunologic orchitis was induced in guinea pigs by injection of homologous testis homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. Blood samples were obtained periodically for 45 days and the animals were hemicastrated on the 8th day after sensitization. By the 8th day, cytophilic activity was found in the serum simultaneously with several foci or orchitis. Significant levels of this activity were found until day 29, but it was absent in animals sensitized with an unrelated antigen or with complete adjuvant alone. Low and transitory levels were detected in some guinea pigs when antigen was administered with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. It is concluded that cytophilic activity is organ-specific and requires complete Freund's adjuvant. Possible implications in experimental immunologic orchitis are discussed. PMID- 1245242 TI - Removal of sperm-bound seminal plasma components as a prerequisite to induction of the rabbit acrosome reaction. AB - When rabbit sperm were pretreated with media of high ionic strength (380 mOsM), which had previously been shown to facilitate removal of sperm-bound seminal plasma components, and subsequently treated with follicular fluid the acrosome reaction was completed rapidly. Treatment of the sperm with follicular fluid alone yielded a greatly decreased rate of acrosome reaction completion, and treatment with the high-ionic strength medium alone caused no visible alteration to the sperm. These results suggest that removal of the sperm-bound seminal plasma components destabilizes the acrosome and prepares it to undergo the acrosome reaction. This destabilization is virtually completed after a 5-minute preincubation of the sperm in high-ionic strength media. Direct comparison of epididymal and ejaculated sperm indicated that epididymal sperm acrosomes were apparently in the same stabilized condition as ejaculated sperm. The effect of the pretreatment by high-ionic strength media could be partially mimicked by pretreatment of sperm with alpha- or beta-amylase or neuraminidase but not by beta-glucuronidase, lipase, pronase, or trypsin. Comparison of the ability of bovine follicular fluid, rabbit follicular fluid, and rabbit serum to induce the rabbit acrosome reaction showed that bovine follicular fluid was 3 to 4 times more effective than rabbit follicular fluid and that rabbit serum was totally ineffective in producing the acrosome reaction. The data support a physiologic role for follicular fluids in the process of fertilization and indicate that removal of sperm-bound seminal plasma components is a prerequisite to efficient induction of the acrosome reaction. PMID- 1245243 TI - Factors in diminution of uteroglobin secretion in the rabbit. AB - Uteroglobin was measured under various hormonal conditions: pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, pseudopregnancy with exogenous progesterone, pseudopregnancy with exogenous 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, ovariectomy with exogenous progesterone, ovariectomy with exogenous estrogen, ovariectomy with exogenous estrogen and progesterone, and ovariectomy with either exogenous progesterone or estrogen and progesterone, plus uterine trauma. In pregnant females, uteroglobin levels diminished sharply after day 9. In pseudopregnancy, high concentrations were maintained through day 14. Although exogenous progesterone did not prevent this decrease in pseudopregnant females, re-elevation occurred in the continued presence of progesterone. A similar pattern of decline and re-elevation was found in ovariectomized females that received injections of estrogen and progesterone. With an increase in estrogen dosage, the period of uteroglobin secretion was shorter and the magnitude lower. Ovariectomized females receiving only progesterone did not manifest a clear uteroglobin diminution. Uterine trauma on day 7 of exogenous steroid administration to ovariectomized females was followed by a diminution in uteroglobin. At the dosage level used, administration of 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone did not affect the peak uteroglobin secretion occurring on day 5 of pseudopregnancy. Ovariectomized females receiving estrogen or sesame oil vehicle had barely detectable levels of uteroglobin. A uteroglobin estrogen complex is suggested as a possible inhibitor of uteroglobin synthesis by a feedback inhibition pathway in pseudopregnant females and in ovariectomized females treated with progesterone plus estrogen. In pregnant females, a uteroglobin-estrogen complex and/or the uterine decidual response to implantation could control uteroglobin synthesis. PMID- 1245244 TI - Effects of early treatment with antiserum to ovine follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone on gonadal development in the rat. AB - Neonatal rats secrete considerable amounts of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) between 5 and 15 days of age. Antisera to LH and FSH were injected during this 11-day period in an attempt to study the importance of gonadotropins for functional development of the gonads. Autopsies at 15 days of age revealed normal ovarian follicular histology after either antiserum treatment, but antiserum to LH significantly retarded differentiation of interstitial tissue. Uterine weights were increased, and some of the serum samples showed elevated FSH levels following the antiserum treatments. The testes of antiserum-treated rats were heavier at 15 days of age, while accessory sex organ weights were unchanged. Vaginal opening after antiserum treatment was more variable than in controls, but tended to be earlier. The first appearance of penile serum was not significantly changed. Both males and females were fertile as adults. Important limitations to the use of chronic antiserum injections were found in immature rats. The antisera were present for at least 34 days after injection. The ways in which this pool of antiserum might have influenced the results are discussed. PMID- 1245245 TI - Sequential use of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin in ovulation induction. AB - In an effort to diminish the incidence of multiple pregnancy, ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, and the excessive cost of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) administration, a sequence of Clomid-HMG-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was used in 80 patients with infertility due to prolonged amenorrhea. Criteria for this therapeutic regimen were: (1) normal seminal fluid analysis and postcoital test; (2) lack of withdrawal bleeding from progesterone following amenorrhea of more than 6 months' duration; (3) normal x-ray of the sella turcica and visual fields; (4) low serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; (5) normal endoscopic examination; and (6) lack of response to clomiphene in excessive dose (200 mg daily for 5 days) or prolonged dose (100 mg daily for 10 days) with or without HCG, or apparent ovulatory response to the above sequence for five or six consecutive cycles without pregnancy. Clomiphene was administered in a dose of 100 mg daily for 7 days. HMG was then given in the following manner: two ampules daily for 4 days, then one ampule daily for 2 days (75 IU of FSH and 75 IU of LH/ampule). After a 24-hour interval without treatment, 10,000 IU of HCG were given and 2000 IU of HCG 4 days later. Twenty-three pregnancies occurred in 80 patients. However, 15 of the first 25 patients became pregnant--in these patients the only abnormality noted was lack of ovulation. Six additional pregnancies occurred subsequent to one or more unsuccessful cycles. Multiple pregnancies occurred in only two patients (twins delivered at 32 weeks in one and an abortion of five fetuses at 20 weeks in another). However, multiple pregnancy did not occur in any patient whose urinary estrogen level was monitored and in whom the level was 100 mug or less when the HCG was given. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome did not occur in any patient. PMID- 1245246 TI - Methyltestosterone treatment of infertility associated with pelvic endometriosis. AB - Sixty-four patients who had infertility associated only with endometriosis were treated with methyltestosterone, 5 mg/day, continuously for a period of 6 months. The patients continued to ovulate while receiving medication and 12 patients became pregnant, on an average, 6 months after the initiation of therapy. A computer analysis indicated that approximately 30% of the patients could expect pregnancy within 2 years after the testosterone treatment was begun. The side effects of the low-dose methyltestosterone therapy were acne in 6% of the patients, mild hirsutism in 3%, and an occasional delay in ovulation. PMID- 1245248 TI - Epididymis and seminal vesicle as sources of carnitine in human seminal fluid: the clinical significance of the carnitine concentration in human seminal fluid. AB - Carnitine determinations in human seminal fluid were shown to be useful in assessing epididymal and seminal vesicle function and in locating blockages in the male reproductive tract. The carnitine concentrations in 50 samples of seminal fluid ranged from 15 to 530 mug/ml (as carnitine-HCl). The patients could be divided into four classes. Patients with normal seminal vesicle and epididymal function had values of 250 mug/ml or above. Those with a defective epididymis and a functional seminal vesicle had intermediate carnitine levels (100 to 200 mug/ml) and normal fructose values in the seminal fluid. Patients with a defective seminal vesicle but a functional epididymis had intermediate carnitine concentrations and low fructose levels. Extremely low carnitine values (less than 100 mug/ml) were found in seminal fluid from patients whose epididymis and seminal vesicle both were defective. The possible role of carnitine in sperm maturation was discussed. PMID- 1245249 TI - Electrocardiographic changes induced by insertion of an intrauterine device and other uterine manipulations. AB - A prospective study was carried out in normal women in order to investigate the effects of the following procedures on the electrocardiogram and blood pressure: (1) insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD)--the Lippes loop, Tcu-200, uterine progesterone system or Cu-7; (2) endometrial biopsy; and (3) uterine flushing. In groups in which a large IUD like the Lippes loop and/or a stiff IUD like the Cu-7 was inserted, the frequency of bradycardia was significantly higher than in any other groups. The severity of the bradycardia was similar in all of the groups and the frequency of this alteration was also similar among the nulliparous women or in those who complained of pain during the instrumentation, irrespective of the type of IUD inserted or the procedure carried out. No alarming modifications of blood pressure were observed and maintaining the patients in the recumbent position was sufficient to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases use of the Trendelenburg position should be enough to correct any alterations. PMID- 1245247 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism of Indian women taking steroid contraceptives. AB - Three parameters, serum glucose, insulin, and growth hormone levels, were used to measure carbohydrate metabolism in 25 women not using steroid contraceptives, 48 women using combination oral contraceptives, and 27 women using low-dose progestogen oral contraceptives. Women in the combination contraceptives group had significant modifications in the responses of all three parameters studied. A bias toward modification was also seen in the normal tests of the combination group. The low-dose progestogen, megestrol acetate, did not cause similar changes in glucose, insulin, and growth hormone values. PMID- 1245250 TI - Postpartum contraception: subsequent pregnancy, delivery, and abortion rates. AB - The first subsequent pregnancy rate in a group of women who accepted a variety of contraceptive methods after delivery and after therapeutic abortion is reviewed. Regardless of method chosen, 20 to 30% of postdelivery and 18 to 20% of postabortion patients were pregnant again after 1 year. In those patients who chose no method, 30 to 40% of postdelivery patients and 19 to 30% of postabortion patients were pregnant again 1 year later. When the postdelivery and postabortion patients were compared by outcome of this first subsequent pregnancy, there was no indication that subsequent therapeutic abortion was utilized to a greater extent by those who had had a prior therapeutic abortion than by those who had had a prior delivery. PMID- 1245251 TI - Interval breast cancers. PMID- 1245252 TI - Microbiological and clinical evaluation of expectorated sputum: a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 1245253 TI - Breast feeding: a motive for family planning. PMID- 1245254 TI - Contraceptive practice in Poland. PMID- 1245256 TI - Developmental compartmentalization in the dorsal mesothoracic disc of Drosophila. PMID- 1245255 TI - Changes in RNA and protein metabolism preceding onset of hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend leukemia cells. PMID- 1245257 TI - Comparison of in vitro and in vivo development of rat foetuses. PMID- 1245258 TI - Epidermal protein metabolism directed toward keratinization by hydrocortisone in the chick embryonic skin growing in a chemically defined medium. PMID- 1245259 TI - Studies on the differentiation pattern and hormonal sensitivity of an antigenic material specific for the cervicovaginal epithelium in fetal and neonatal mice. PMID- 1245260 TI - Inhibition of muscle cell development in culture by cells from spinal cord due to production of low molecular weight factor. PMID- 1245261 TI - Size and sequence homology of masked maternal and embryonic histone messenger RNAs. PMID- 1245262 TI - Changing DNA polymerase activities during the development of the testis in the mouse. PMID- 1245263 TI - Scanning electron microscopic visualization of collagen fibers in embryonic chick skin. PMID- 1245264 TI - Palate shelf movement in mouse embryo culture: evidence for skeletal and smooth muscle contractility. PMID- 1245265 TI - Plasma glucagon and the insulin:glucagon ratio in gestational diabetes. AB - The influence of pregnancy on serum glucose, serum insulin, and plasma glucagon concentrations was studied in eight normal women and 14 nonobese gestational diabetics. Each normal individual was subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test in midpregnancy, and all subjects were investigated late in pregnancy and again four to six weeks postpartum. As compared with the postpartum values, fasting glucose concentration decreased during gestation in the normals and increased in the gestational diabetics, but the changes were small and insignificant. In contrast, fasting insulin concentration increased equally and significantly in pregnancy in both groups. Likewise, the glucagon concentration was enhanced in the fasting state in both groups in pregnancy. However, the molar insulin-to glucagon ratio was significantly elevated in both normals and gestational diabetics. In late pregnancy the magnitude of the insulin response to oral glucose (i.e., the incremental insulin area above fasting baseline) was equally and significantly enhanced in the normals and the gestational diabetics. However, when the insulin response during the first 60 minutes of the OGTT was expressed per unit of glucose stimulus (i.e., the delta insulin/delta glucose ratio) a significantly higher mean response was found in the normal pregnants than in the gestational diabetics. In pregnancy and postpartum, plasma glucagon always decreased to levels significantly below fasting levels after glucose ingestion. In normal midpregnancy the degree of suppression of glucagon was close to that of postpartum, whereas an exaggerated and prolonged suppression was found in late pregnancy in the normals as well as the gestational diabetics. These findings indicate that plasma glucagon and serum insulin concentrations are profoundly influenced by pregnancy. As the changes, however, lead to an increased insulin-to glucagon ratio, the diabetogenicity of pregnancy is not explained by this relationship. PMID- 1245266 TI - Relationship of serum glucose concentration to changes in refraction. AB - The effect of chronic changes in serum glucose concentration on refraction was studied by increasing the dose of insulin or chlorpropamide in 10 diabetic patients who initially had relatively high glucose concentrations. In every case when serum glucose concentration was reduced the vision became less myopic or more hyperopic. To assess acute changes. 10 diabetics (including four with aphakic eyes) were given an intravenous injection of glucose. In patients with intact lenses the vision became more myopic or less hyperopic following the administration of glucose, but in the aphakic eyes hyperopia increased. It is concluded from both the acute and chronic studies that higher levels of serum glucose concentration produce myopia and lower levels produce hyperopia. Furthermore, these changes are related to changes in the optical properties of the crystallin lens. PMID- 1245267 TI - Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine contents of the cardiovascular system in long-term diabetics. AB - Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations were studied in the cardiovscular system of postmortem material obtained from six long-term diabetics and six control subjects. Norepinephrine concentration was considerably reduced in the cardiovascular system of the diabetic patients. The mean norepinephrine concentration in the apex of the heart, the radial artery, the posterior tibial artery, and the femoral artery in the diabetics averaged 6, 9, 12, and 20 per cent, respectively, of the corresponding mean values in the controls. Epinephrine was present in the cardiovascular system in the controls but in small amounts in comparision with norepinephrine. There was no correlation between the epinephrine and the norepinephrine concentrations in the tissue. In the diabetics the epinephrine concentration in the heart and in the arteries did not differ from the values obtained in the controls. The dopamine concentration averaged 11 per cent of the norepinephrine concentration in the cardiovascular system in the controls. There was a strong correlation between tissue concentrations of dopamine and of norepinephrine. In the diabetics the dopamine concentration was reduced, but relatively less than that of norepinephrine, and constituted 53 per cent of the norepinephrine concentration. It is suggested that the depletion of the norepinephrine stores in the heart in diabetic patients may in part be responsible for their reduced survival rate in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1245268 TI - Insulin adsorbance to polyvinylchloride surfaces with implications for constant infusion therapy. AB - Because of the current interest in constant intravenous infusions of insulin for hyperglycemic conditions, we have re-examined the problem of insulin adsorption to the solid surfaces of commonly used infusion sets. Using both labeled and unlabeled insulin, we have compared solutions with and without albumin through various methods of delivery. An infusion system incorporating a 50-ml. wash-out with a solution of 25 U. regular insulin in 500 ml. normal saline permits delivery of at least 75 per cent of expected insulin for the first 50 ml. of the infusion and 100 per cent thereafter. After the first 20 ml. of the infusion, the per cent insulin recovered from the system is identical to that observed when albumin was added to the infusion solution at a concentration of 1.25 gm. per cent. From these date, we conclude that if an insulin concentration of at least 25 U./500 ml. is used, and if 50 cc. is washed through the infusion apparatus before treatment of a hyperglycemic patient is instituted, no extra protein additives are necessary. PMID- 1245269 TI - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease originating in Ecuador. AB - A case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease manifested by massive ascites is described in a 35-year-old female. She had consumed an herbal tea containing a Crotalaria plant species for 6 months prior to evaluation. Inferior vena cava and hepatic veins were patent by angiography. Liver biopsy showed histological changes typical of hepatic veno-occlusive disease, consisting of centrilobular congestion and sublobular hepatic vein obstruction. Complete clinical, biochemical, and histological recovery was documented 1 year after ingestion of the brew was discontinued. This is the first case known to be reported from Ecuador and the first to be diagnosed in the United States. PMID- 1245270 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy: silent perforation. AB - The management of colon polyps has been completely revolutionized since the introduction of colonoscopic polypectomy. The reductions in patient time, cost, morbidity, and mortality are major advantages. Reported complications include primarily hemorrhage (1.7%) and frank clinical perforation (0.32%). This report describes a silent perforation after the removal of a broad based polyp through the colonscope. PMID- 1245271 TI - Elevated serum acid phosphatase levels with rectal carcinoid tumor. AB - A case of rectal carcinoid tumor with liver metastases is reported in which a markedly elevated serum acid phosphatase level was found. Tissue assays of the patient's tumor, liver metastasis, and uninvolved liver were performed which demonstrated very high tumor levels of acid phosphatase. The patient also had elevated plasma serotonin levels and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels and did not exhibit the carcinoid syndrome. Autopsy showed no prostate cancer or metastatic bone lesions. Serum acid phosphatase elevation may occur with carcinoid lesions of the rectum. PMID- 1245272 TI - Factors determining pressure measurement accuracy by intraluminal esophageal manometry. PMID- 1245273 TI - Ulcerative colitis in the Jewish population of Tel-Aviv Yafo. III. Clinical course. AB - The clinical course of ulcerative colitis has been studied and analyzed in 504 Jewish patients in the Tel Aviv area. The length of follow-up was 1 to 46 years, with a mean of 7.8 years. The data are compared with other published series of the disease in different geographical areas. Differences in the incidence of serveral complications are noted. The trend in recent years toward a lesser mortality associated with the disease is discussed. PMID- 1245274 TI - Letter: A plea for precision. PMID- 1245275 TI - Letter: A simple test for Berkson's fallacy. PMID- 1245276 TI - Letter: Gastrin terminology, continued. PMID- 1245277 TI - Letter: More on colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 1245278 TI - Letter: Transient Menetrier's disease. PMID- 1245279 TI - Letter: Methyldopa toxicity. PMID- 1245280 TI - Letter: Virus-like particles in HBsAg-positive-chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. PMID- 1245281 TI - Does bacteremia follow colonoscopy? AB - In order to determine the risk of bacteremia from colonoscopy, we cultured blood specimens from 40 patients the day before laxative and enema preparation; right after such preparation; and 15 min, 1 hr, and 4 hr after colonscopy. Bacteremia was not induced by either the vigorous preparation or the colonscopy which, in 27 patients, included polypectomy, biopsy, and/or fulgurations. On the basis of our data, we conclude that the risk of bacteremia following colonoscopy is small, and we doubt the need of antibiotic prophylaxis for those with susceptible hearts. PMID- 1245282 TI - Clinical presentation of diseases of the large bowel. A detailed study of 642 patients. AB - This paper presents in detail the symptomatology and findings on examination of 642 patients suffering from a variety of lower gastrointestinal disorders, such as colonic and rectal cancer, diverticular disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Location of precise sites of abdominal pain and tenderness was shown to carry a high level of diagnostic discrimination between the various disorders. Some surprising features emerged: almost half of patients with lower gastrointestinal tract disease complained of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea/vomiting or anorexia. It is suggested that the provision on demand of such data to junior staff may benefit both diagnostic ability and decision making. As an incidental finding, just under 40% of patients with large bowel cancer had undergone previous (unrelated) abdominal surgery. The significance of this is unclear. PMID- 1245283 TI - Circulating antibodies to bovine albumin in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Characterization of the antibody response. AB - The presence of antibodies against a dietary protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was investigated in the serum of normal subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Antibodies to BSA were demonstrated in 28 of 30 patients with ulcerative colities (93%), 30 of 35 with Crohn's disease (86%), 5 with untreated celiac disease and in 12 of 28 normal subjects (43%). In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, antibodies to BSA were present in greater amounts in those with severe and moderate disease than in those with mild disease. Moreover, in those patients with high titers of circulating antibody, the serum anti-BSA activity was always associated with IgG and sometimes with IgA. These findings suggest that an increased absorption of antigenic material and stimulation of antibody production may occur in association with intestinal mucosal damage, not only in ulcerative colitis and celiac disease, but also in Crohn's disease. PMID- 1245284 TI - The electrical potential difference across human ileostomy mucosa. AB - Some of the characteristics of the electrical potential across human ileostomy mucosa were assessed by measuring potential difference (P.D.) between ileostomy lumen and forearm skin in 28 subjects, 19 of whom had had ulcerative colitis and 9 Crohn's disease. The mean P.D. at 3 to 5 cm from the tip of the ileostomy was 17.2 mv +/- 0.6 (SEM) in the ulcerative colitis group and 16.5 mv +/- 1.1 in the Crohn's disease group. The P.D. was highest at the tips of ileostomies and decreased to about half the tip level at 10 to 15 cm deep to the tip. Even at this distance from the tip, P.D. was apparently higher than values reported in normal ileum. P.D. rose during the first few weeks after colectomy and reached a stable value at about 2 months. Plasma aldosterone levels were normal in 6 subjects but despite this, administration of an aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, caused a fall in P.D. These apparently conflicting observations suggest that the raised P.D. was maintained, at least in part, as a response to normal levels of aldosterone and an increased sensitivity to aldosterone by ileal mucosa near to an ileostomy is postulated. A significant correlation between P.D. and salivary Na:K ratios also supports a relationship between P.D. and aldosterone levels. Another patient, with a jejunostomy, also had a high transmucosal P.D., suggesting that jejunal mucosa may respond in a similar manner. No evidence in favor of active K secretion was discovered, because K concentrations in ileostomy ejecta were no greater than those which could be predicted as a passive response to the P.D. except in some subjects during the 1st week after surgery. PMID- 1245285 TI - Effect of cholecystokinin and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on RNA and DNA of gastric and duodenal mucosa. AB - Fasted rats were injected with either cholecystokinin-octopeptide (CCK-OP), 20 mug per kg; 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16,16-dimethyl PGE2), 0.2 mg per kg; pentagastrin, 250 mug per kg, or saline every 8 hr for 48 hr. The rats were killed and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA as well as the total DNA and RNA content of the mucosa of the oxyntic gland area and the duodenum were determined. Pentagastrin increased DNA synthesis 60% (P less than 0.001) in gastric mucosa and 90% (P less than 0.001) in duodenal mucosa when compared with rates for saline controls. Neither CCK-OP nor 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 altered gastric mucosal DNA synthesis. Pentagastrin significantly increased the DNA and RNA content of both the gastric and duodenal mucosa. CCK-OP and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 caused a slight but significant increase in duodenal DNA synthesis, CCK-OP did not significantly increase duodenal DNA content, and 16,16-dimethyl PGE 2 increased duodenal RNA but not DNA content. CCK-OP (20 mug per kg) in combination with pentagastrin did not alter the stimulation of gastric DNA synthesis but significantly decreased the effect of pentagastrin on duodenal DNA. A dose of CCK OP (370 mug per kg) equimolar to 250 mug per kg of pentagastrin did not stimulate DNA synthesis in either tissue and significantly inhibited stimulation by pentagastrin in both tissues. Low doses of CCK-OP (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mug per kg) caused statistically significant increases in DNA synthesis and DNA content of the pancreas, but had no effect on either mucosa of the oxyntic gland area or duodenum. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 did not inhibit the stimulation of DNA synthesis or the increases in DNA and RNA content stimulated by pentagastrin. From these results it appears that: (1) moderate doses of CCK have a weak trophic effect in the duodenum but not in the stomach, (2) physiological doses of CCK-OP stimulated pancreatic DNA synthesis and increased pancreatic DNA content without affecting these parameters in the oxyntic gland area or duodenum in the same animals, (3) in the stomach and duodenum CCK is not as potent a trophic hormone as gastrin and inhibits, probably competitively, the trophic effects of gastrin, (4) 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 does not stimulate growth and does not interfere with the trophic response to gastrin even though it inhibits acid secretion, and (5) 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 increased the RNA content of duodenal mucosa indicating that it may stimulate activity resulting in hypertrophy. PMID- 1245286 TI - Marked alkaline phosphatase elevation with partial common bile duct obstruction due to calcific pancreatitis. AB - This study characterizes a syndrome of partial common bile duct obstruction and marked elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase in 6 male alcoholic patients with calcific pancreatitis. In each patient, a marked elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase was associated with minimal, if any, elevation in serum bilirubin. In all cases, the alkaline phosphatase was hepatic in origin, and intravenous or operative cholangiography showed a dilated common bile duct. Liver biopsy showed canalicular bile stasis in 4 patients and bile duct proliferation in 2 patients. This study demonstrates that calcific pancreatitis may cause partial bile duct obstruction which differentially increases serum alkaline phosphatase without altering bilirubin or bromsulphthalein excretion. PMID- 1245287 TI - Extraction of 125I-albumin microaggregates from portal blood. An index of functional portal blood supply in cirrhotics. AB - Portal and hepatic indicator dilution curves (IDC) were obtained after injection of a mixture of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells ([51Cr]RBC) and 125I-albumin microaggregates (125I-AMA) into the cranial mesenteric artery in dogs. The extraction (E) of 125I-AMA from portal blood was measured during one passage through the hepatic reticuloendothelial system. Using [51Cr]RBC as a vascular reference substance, E-125I-AMA was calculated by comparing simultaneous [51Cr]RBC and 125I-AMA portal and hepatic IDC, and was expressed as percentage of 125I-AMA flowing through the portal vein. In 44 experiments (15 dogs), the colloid was almost completely extracted (E-125I-AMA = 92.3 +/- 1.0% (mean +/- SE)). This approach was applied in 15 patients with severe portal hypertension undergoing combined umbilicoportal, hepatic vein, and superior mesenteric artery catheterization. Eleven patients had alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and 4 patients had idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (IPH). Using [51Cr]RBC-IDC, the portal fraction of hepatic blood flow varied between 34.1 and 100% (mean 62.6%) in AC patients and between 56.5 and 91.2% (mean 74.2%) in IPH patients. E-125I AMA varied from 5.2 to 100% (mean 45.1%) in AC patients, although normal values were obtained in IPH patients (mean 93.2%). In all patients the extraction of Indocyanine green (E-ICG) was calculated using a continuous infusion for the estimation of hepatic blood flow. E-ICG was decreased in AC patients (mean 22.1%), although normal values were obtained in IPH patients (mean 49.5%). A highly significant correlation was found between E-125I-AMA and E-IGC (r = 0.977, P less than 0.001). Also, a significant correlation was found in all patients between E-125I-AMA and the relative clearance of ICG (r = 0.906, P less than 0.001). The correlations between the extraction or clearance of substances removed by two different cell population suggest that their decreases are mainly due to changes in liver microcirculation. In cirrhotics, the decreased E-125I-AMA can be related to part of portal blood bypassing Kupffer cells (intrahepatic portohepatic shunts) and/or to sinusoidal changes responsible for ineffective phagocytosis. Thus, E-125I-AMA can be used as an estimation of the functional portal blood supply to the liver in cirrhotics. Using portal and hepatic IDC after injection of [51Cr]RBC and 125I-AMA into the superior mesenteric artery, the portal fraction of hepatic blood flow and the functional portal blood supply can be estimated simultaneously in patients with portal hypertension before portacaval shunts. PMID- 1245288 TI - Effect of bile duct ligation on the ultrastructural morphology of hepatocytes. AB - The effect of severe cholestasis produced by bile duct ligation on surface membrane ultrastructure was compared to control. Isolated well preserved hepatocytes were prepared by boric acid dissociation and examined under the scanning electron microscope. Normal sinusoidal, intratrabecular, and canalicular surface membrane topography is described. In particular the bile canalicular microvilli were observed to be derived from two locations: a "marginal ridge" whose microvilli are unaltered after bile duct obstruction, and the bile canalicular surface whose microvilli are lost in obstruction and primarily account for the appearance previously described by transmission electron microscopy. Thus, newer techniques in tissue preparation and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that bile canalicular microvilli are derived from two anatomical sites and respond differently to bile duct ligation. PMID- 1245289 TI - Endoscopic features of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease. AB - The clinical, roentgenographic and endoscopic findings in 14 patients with Crohn's disease of the stomach and/or duodenum are described. To date, this is the largest series of endoscopic findings of Crohn's disease of gastroduodenal region. The endoscopic findings include (1) mucosal nodularity or "cobblestoned" mucosa; (2) multiple aphthous-like ulcerations and/or linear ulcerations; (3) thickening of the antral folds; (4) antral narrowing with evidence of hypoperistalsis; (5) duodenal strictures. The diagnosis of gastric duodenal Crohn's disease is achieved by combining recognition of clinical features and roentgenographic and endoscopic features. The endoscopic features correlate well with the roentgenographic findings in our 14 patients. Tissue for histological diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the gastroduodenal area is rarely obtained by endoscopic biopsy, but peroral suction biopsy specimens may increase the rate of histological confirmation. PMID- 1245291 TI - The mechanics of putting those little-used muscles in motion. PMID- 1245292 TI - Focusing on some of the ethical problems associated with death and dying. PMID- 1245290 TI - Drug regimens for long-term therapy of hypertension. PMID- 1245293 TI - Perspectives in hypertension-1976. PMID- 1245294 TI - Blood pressure: The population burden. PMID- 1245295 TI - Hypertension: Major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. PMID- 1245296 TI - Metabolism of aging cells in culture. Introduction. PMID- 1245298 TI - Changes in RNA synthesis during the life span of human fibroblasts in vitro. AB - The prolongation of the life span of human fibroblasts in vitro by hydrocortisone seem to be associated with its stimulatory action on ribosome synthesis. The sustaining effect of the hormone on the latter remains, after withdrawal of hydrocortisone, for a time which is dependent on the age of the cells. When hydrocortisone is removed from cultures that have grown beyond the life span of the controls, the cells die within two passages. Hence, the events leading to the growth decline took place in spite of the presence of the hormone which does not seem to prevent the aging process but rather to delay it. The results could be compatible with either the error hypothesis or the theory which explains aging by an increased binding of histones to DNA with the subsequent blocking of genetic information. PMID- 1245297 TI - Contact inhibition of pleiotropin pinocytosis as a critical factor in metazoan cell ageing. AB - For the biosynthesis of macromolecules in amounts sufficient for indefinite growth or survival in dividing as well as in nondividing metazoan cells, a specific serum protein is required. As the addition of this factor to the medium triggers off a chain of events which leads to RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis, we have called it the pleiotropin. Pleiotropin is taken into the cells by pinocytosis. Pinocytic uptake of pleiotropin is strongly inhibited by a mutual cell-to-cell contact; diploid cells in the stage of contact inhibition of pleiotropin pinocytosis are nutritionally limited, and some changes in life processes may be expected. In continouous culture and in tissues in vivo, these changes may accumulate and ultimately result in an irreversible damage of cells so that old cells are characterized by a low pinocytic activity and by a reduced formation of macromolecules. As pleiotropin increases the saturation density and prolongs the life span of diploid cells in vitro, it is suggested that the loss of division potential in metazoan cells is not a programmed event at the cellular level and that the ageing of static cell populations may be caused by the same nutritional deficiency as that of proliferating cells. PMID- 1245299 TI - In vitro senescence of mammalian cells. AB - This review discusses the molecular and cytokinetic aspects of cellular aging of human diploid fibroblasts. Despite a large amount of data, the basis of their limited life span has not been defined. A replicative defect in aging cells lies in the mechanism(s) that initiates DNA synthesis, and the control of this mechanism(s) is mediated through an alteration in the sythesis of specific RNA and protein molecules. Two major groups of hypotheses have been offered to explain these findings. The differentiation hypotheses are based on the concept of a 'biological clock', while error hypotheses presuppose defects in genetic transcription or translation. PMID- 1245300 TI - Thymidine labelling index as a criterion of aging in vitro. AB - For logarithmically growing cultures of the human diploid cell lines WI-38 and WI 26, there is an exponential increase in the fraction of cells not incorporating [3H]dT under conditions of continuous labelling. Thymidine uptake, phosphorylation and incorporation into DNA can be correlated with cell proliferation. In addition, determination of the labelling index is reproducible within relatively broad limits of thymidine concentrations and specific activity. The plateauing phenomenon of the curve expressing percent-labelled nuclei versus time, which occurs in populations with less than 100% cycling cells, is largely due to radiation damage to the cells. The results of these studies provide insight into the population dynamics of aging fibroblast-like cell cultures. More importantly, however, the measurement of labelling index as described can be used as a reproducible and quantitative measure of the age of the diploid cell culture. PMID- 1245301 TI - Senior citizens in great cities: the case of Chicago. PMID- 1245302 TI - Issues in health planning for the aged. PMID- 1245303 TI - Home maintenance for the home-bound aged. A pilot program in New York City. PMID- 1245304 TI - On adding insight to injury. PMID- 1245305 TI - The four percent fallacy--some further evidence and policy implications. PMID- 1245306 TI - The relationship of off premises activities to the quality of life of nursing home patients. PMID- 1245307 TI - Long-term effects of a nursing home education project. PMID- 1245308 TI - Religion and aging in a longitudinal panel. PMID- 1245309 TI - Inadequate census data on black nursing home patients. PMID- 1245310 TI - Gerontologists and public action. PMID- 1245311 TI - Mental health under the umbrella. AB - In recent years many states, with the aim of integrating fragmented human services, have reorganized their human-service programs into comprehensive or umbrella agencies. The agencies vary widely in the number and kind of programs they include. Mental health staffs should not view these agencies as a threat, the author says, but as a chance to develop new linkages and allies and even new sources of funding. And the mental health field can exercise some leadership in the agencies' development because of its experiences in coordinating diverse and autonomous mental health services into comprehensive community mental health networks. The author lists some principles learned from that experience that are applicable to reorganizing all human services, including the need for common goals, written agreements, designated liaison staff, and a commitment to coordination. PMID- 1245312 TI - A code of ethics for a community mental health program. AB - The Orange County Department of Mental Health developed a code of ethics to give its variety of employees a single set of standards for patient care and professional behavior in a community mental health program. The need for the code grew from problems of role definition and interdisciplinary collaboration that repeatedly arose during the program's development. General principles for the code were extracted from various professional codes, from issues arising in the day-to-day workings of the program, and from existing laws. The code, presented here, defines principles related to confidentiality, professional conduct, quality of service, moral and legal standards, clients' rights, and therapist client relationships. PMID- 1245313 TI - Meeting training needs of foreign psychiatric residents in state hospitals. AB - Foreign medical graduates entering psychiatric residency programs in the United States must cope with cultural, language, educational, and status barriers during their crucial first year of training. The authors point out the shortcomings of American residency programs for foreign trainees and describe how a program was developed to meet their special needs. It includes a more authoritarian form of instruction patterned after the educational structure the students were used to in their native countries and courses in American culture, English language, and problem-solving techniques. PMID- 1245314 TI - Psychiatric consultation to a rehabilitation program for amputees. AB - Staff on the rehabilitation unit for amputees at the Navy Regional Medical Center in Oakland, California, requested psychiatric consultation after a group of young patients had shown destructive behavior and resistance to the rehabilitation program. After two unsuccessful attempts at consultation, an approach was adopted in which a psychiatrist functions as a training consultant in group therapy to the orthopedic staff. The primary therapists are two orthopedic nurses, who conduct two weekly therapy sessions for the amputees under the consultant's supervision. The sessions have given amputees a chance to ventilate their feelings of alienation, powerlessness, and boredom, and have been effective in halting destructive behavior and increasing self-esteem. PMID- 1245315 TI - An analysis of a state hospital population subject to release under Florida law. AB - Section XI of the Florida Mental Health Act, or Baker Act, mandates the review of prior hospitalization orders for each resident patient. Those retained become voluntary patients, unless placed on involuntary status under procedures outlined in the act. As a result, many patients will probably be released. Staff from the Florida State University School of Social Work analyzed patients at Florida State Hospital from one catchment area and detailed their demographic characteristics, treatment needs, and interpersonal and financial resources. The researchers found that the area's one mental health center and four nursing homes would not be adequate community resources for meeting the patients' needs. They conclude that the release of many patients would create hardships both for the patient and for the service personnel in the community, and might be considered a violation of the intent of the act. PMID- 1245316 TI - Hospital data processing presents unique security needs. PMID- 1245317 TI - Give your suppliers a 'blank check'. PMID- 1245318 TI - Hospitals 'meet the media' in statewide seminars. PMID- 1245319 TI - Law in brief: liability for drug reactions. PMID- 1245320 TI - Analyzing financial statements: some new help for an old tool. PMID- 1245321 TI - Cost of labor. PMID- 1245322 TI - American hospitals: a look ahead. PMID- 1245324 TI - Modeling makes budgeting more efficient. PMID- 1245323 TI - Quinlan case leaves physicians with life-death decisions. PMID- 1245325 TI - Supervisor, employee participate in goal-oriented appraisals. PMID- 1245326 TI - A pediatrics center's ambience accents patient care, play, and parents' convenience. PMID- 1245327 TI - Editorial: Hospitals, J.A.H.A.- what's ahead for 1976. PMID- 1245328 TI - The nurse as a professional and as a unionist. PMID- 1245329 TI - John Stagl, chairman-elect of the AHA Board of Trustees. PMID- 1245330 TI - A retrospective report: health care in South Vietnam. PMID- 1245331 TI - Reporting adverse drug reaction in a small hospital. PMID- 1245332 TI - Labor staffing guidelines for long-term care facilities. PMID- 1245333 TI - Family practice residency aids physician recruitment. PMID- 1245334 TI - Legalize the back door with 'stockless' purchasing. PMID- 1245335 TI - Developing a pastoral care advisory committee. PMID- 1245336 TI - Hospital policy: professional associations as unions. PMID- 1245337 TI - Major superior discusses congregation's mission. PMID- 1245338 TI - Should physicians and nurses give moral advice? PMID- 1245340 TI - One approach to corrdinating educational programs. PMID- 1245339 TI - Summary of rate setting in New Jersey. PMID- 1245342 TI - Evaluating the material supply cabinet. PMID- 1245341 TI - Ambulatory food service answers unforeseen community need. PMID- 1245343 TI - Musical benefit underscores blood shortage. PMID- 1245344 TI - Hierarchiologist Peter has a plan. PMID- 1245345 TI - Fours years' experience with an evening nursing program. PMID- 1245346 TI - Establishing standards of institutional performance. PMID- 1245348 TI - Contract services: some purchasing pointers. PMID- 1245347 TI - Negotiating and coexisting with a union. PMID- 1245349 TI - Catholic hospitals' dual nature complicates labor relations strategy. PMID- 1245350 TI - GAO reports HMO success/failure factors. PMID- 1245351 TI - Criteria for evaluating the hospital architect. PMID- 1245352 TI - Hospital best setting for chaplaincy training. PMID- 1245353 TI - Production of guinea pig IgG1 homocytotropic antibodies to hapten-conjugated homologous serum albumin with different adjuvant combinations. AB - The effects of various antigen-adjuvant combinations on the production of IgG1 antibody was investigated with p-aminobenzoate conjugated to guinea pig serum albumin. The results demonstrate the importance that initial exposure of antigen adjuvant combination has on IgG1 production. Further, there is a synergistic effect when antigen adsorbed to alum and antigen with complete Freund's adjuvant were used in conjunction with one another. The result of this effect is discussed within the context of T and B cell activation by antigen-adjuvant combinations. PMID- 1245354 TI - The fixation of heterocytophylic antibodies to macrophages. AB - Using autoradiographic methods, heterocytophylic antibodies were found to be fixed to the peritoneal macrophages of the guinea pig. The heavy chain of the IgG molecule was responsible for the cell fixation which was inhibited by the autologous Fc fragment. The fixation of heterocytophylic immune complex (rabbit antibody IgG + homologous OA antigen) was also inhibited by the Fc fragment. Only some of the macrophages (35-50%) were able, however, to fix immune complex. PMID- 1245355 TI - Structure and biological functions of human IgD. VI. Serum IgD in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - Serum IgD levels were quantified in a large population of individuals with a variety of atopic and/or pulmonary disorders. As a group, patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) have markedly elevated (5.03 mg%) serum IgD when compared with serum IgD levels from either normal individuals (2.17 mg%) or patients with a variety of pulmonary and/or atopic disorders. Evidence is presented suggesting that the increased serum IgD levels in ABPA patients are not necessarily related to a hyper-IgE or panhyperimmunoglobulinemia common to most of all these patients, but is rather associated with an additional quantitative difference in the immunological responsiveness of some of these individuals. An understanding of why these patients produce supranormal levels of IgD may reveal the basis for inducing an IgD antibody response and subsequently help in elucidating the biological function(s) of IgD. PMID- 1245356 TI - Delayed skin reactor from streptokinase-streptodornase: stability studies and amino acid analysis. AB - Delayed skin reactor (DSR), the material in streptokinase-streptodornase responsible for eliciting delayed hypersensitivity reactions in man, is stable as a lyophilized powder or when stored at -70 degrees C. Storage at a pH above or below 6.0 leads to a decrease in the ability of DSR to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Its molecular weight is 30,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and it is composed of approximately 260 amino acid residues without apparent sulfhydryl-bridged subunits. The extinction coefficient of DSR (A 1% 280 nm) is 2.6. PMID- 1245358 TI - Standardization and ground-state branching of selenium-75. PMID- 1245359 TI - Preparation and in vitro properties of 99mTc-fibrinogen. PMID- 1245357 TI - On the preparation of 80Br- or 82Br-biomolecules via excitation labelling methods. PMID- 1245360 TI - Production of 113mIn polydextran microspheres for perfusion studies. PMID- 1245361 TI - XRF analysis improvement by a simple and fast pre-enrichment method. PMID- 1245362 TI - Letter: The preparation of 123I labelled sodium-ortho-iodo hippurate for medical research. PMID- 1245364 TI - The red balloon technique of hypnotherapy: a clinical note. PMID- 1245363 TI - Supportive hypnotherapy during the radical treatment of malignancies. PMID- 1245365 TI - A further examination of selective recall following hypnosis. PMID- 1245366 TI - The effects of hypnotic induction versus high motivation on oral temperature. PMID- 1245367 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility and verbal conditioning. PMID- 1245368 TI - The role of zinc deficiency in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 1245369 TI - Clinical study of porokeratosis: reports of 10 cases. AB - Morphological and histopathological observations made over 4 years of 10 patients with porokeratosis are described. Absence of familial involvement was notable. Association of porokeratosis with tinea cruris, leprosy and epithelioma was seen, and their possible correlation is discussed. PMID- 1245370 TI - Testicular and epididymal involvement in leprosy patients, with special reference to gynecomastia. AB - Sixty-six male patients with leprosy were studied. Only those with the lepromatous type developed testicular and epididymal changes. Nine of the 38 patients showed decreased sexual function, and 7 developed gynecomastia. These changes were believed to be due to the altered gonadal state. PMID- 1245372 TI - Letter: International Society of Pediatric Dermatology. PMID- 1245371 TI - Dacarbazine. PMID- 1245373 TI - Letter: Herpes zoster, simplex and steroids. PMID- 1245374 TI - Inhibition of cell division in rat lenses by prostaglandin E1. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) suppresses mitotic activity in the epithelial cells of rat lenses maintained in organ culture. At a concentration of 5 x 10(-5)M, PGE1 caused gradual inhibition of mitosis which was first evident after six hours of incubation and was maximum at 50 per cent of control values after 16 and 24 hours in culture. During this period prostaglandin-treated lenses showed no change in the number of cells labeled with H3-thymidine, but the amount of radioactive precursor incorporated per cell was reduced by almost half. At a higher concentration (1 x 10(-4)M) PGE1 evoked a transient mitotic inhibition within the first few hours of culture, but caused cell damage after 24 hours of incubation; a lower dose (1 x 10(-5M) had no influence on mitotic activity. PMID- 1245376 TI - Stereotaxic device for experimental eye surgery. AB - A sterotaxic device for experimental surgery in enucleated eyes is described. This instrument is made entirely of plastic, is inexpensive to make, and has proved to be an invaluable help in teaching microsurgical procedures to ophthalmic residents. PMID- 1245375 TI - Some optical principles of the clinical specular microscope. AB - The clinical specular microscope is used to examine and photograph human endothelial cells in vivo. An optical analysis is presented here in simple form to aid the ophthalmologist or visual scientist in understanding how this instrument can be used in a quantitative manner to measure the size of the magnified endothelial cells and the thickness of the overlying cornea. An error analysis is discussed in order to demonstrate some aspects of the precision of the determination. PMID- 1245377 TI - Surface ultrastructure of the human lens capsule and zonular attachments. AB - The ultrastructure of the human lens capsule and zonular attachments was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The capsule was found to have two components; an organized mass of undulating, roughly parallel fibrils and a granular component. The undulation of the capsular surface and filament organization was much less evident near the anterior pole. The zonules were also found to be fibrillar and easily distinguishable from the capsular network. The three dimensional aspects of the association between the zonules and the capsule as seen in these studies appear to meet the requirements of accommodation. PMID- 1245378 TI - Sliding of the epithelium in experimental corneal wounds. AB - The corneal epithelial cell has a unique sliding capability. The epithelial cell spreads and migrates in an amebic fashion without mitotic activity when the continuity of the epithelium is broken. This movement is demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. Prompt sliding for sealing the wound defect is apparently the first step of the wound healing of the superficial cornea. Cut edges of collagen fibers show no sign of activity towards healing the wound. The energy source of the sliding is provided mainly from stored glycogen in the epithelial cells. Sliding is inhibited by removal of glycogen from the cell or by adding glycolytic enzyme inhibitors. PMID- 1245379 TI - The fine structural localization of peroxidase activity in goblet cells of the conjunctival epithelium of rats. AB - Cytochemical investigation of peroxidase was made on the conjunctival goblet cells, using the diaminobenzidine method. Many goblet cells in the conjunctiva demonstrated this reaction. The reaction was present in secretory granules as well as in the perinuclear cisterna, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, several Golgi saccules and adjacent small smooth-surfaced vesicles, and condensing vacuoles. Each secretory granule within a goblet cell showed a different degree of reaction, hence it is concluded that some goblet cells probably produce both mucous substance and peroxidase in one cell. The mode of production of peroxidase in goblet cells is concluded to be similar to that of secretory proteins in pancreatic exocrine cells. The enzyme, together with thiocyanate and endogenous hydrogen peroxide, is thought to serve as an anti-infectious agent in tears. PMID- 1245380 TI - Alterations in adrenergic sensitivity of the rabbit iris after variation of environmental lighting conditions. AB - After variation of the environmental lighting conditions, pupillary diameters of albino rabbits in response to progressively increasing doses of the sympathomimetics norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol were measured. After maintenance of the rabbits under conditions of constant light for one week, an increased sensitivity of the iris dilator to the mydriatic effects of these adrenergic agents became evident. After maintenance of the rabbits in constant dark for one week, on the other hand, there was no change in the sensitivity of the iris upon administration of the same sympathomimetics. Norepinephrine levels measured in iris and ciliary processes after one week of either constant light of constant dark, moreover, did not differ significantly from those determined under normal lighting conditions. These results indicate that the sensitivity of the iris dilator can be altered by variation of the physiologic stimulus, light. In addition, the chronic interruption of contact between the normal neurotransmitter norepinephrine and its effector cells leading to supersensitivity in the dilator appears to be due to the removal of a trophic influence of norepinephrine, rather than its absolute loss. PMID- 1245381 TI - Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. I. Taurine deficiency. AB - All cats fed a taurine-free casein diet for at least 23 weeks have shown granularity with a hyper-reflective white zone in the area centralis, nondetectable electroretinograms (ERG's), and structural changes indicating photoreceptor cell degeneration. The present study has demonstrated that cats fed this casein diet have a selective decrease in plasma and retinal taurine concentrations by five weeks; taurine levels were about 4 per cent of normal in plasma, and 60 per cent of normal in retina. After 10 weeks, taurine levels were 2 to 4 per cent of normal in plasma and reached a minimum of 20 to 30 per cent of normal in the retina. These biochemical changes occurred in association with a delay in the cone ERG implicit time at five weeks and reduced cone and rod ERG amplitudes at 10 weeks. During this period, retinal DNA content (as a measure of cell viability) and fundus appearance were normal. By 23 weeks, ERG's were nondetectable, retinal DNA content was reduced, and the fundus showed typical changes in the area centralis. These studies help to establish a biological role for taurine in maintaining photoreceptor cell function and viability in the cat. PMID- 1245382 TI - Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. II. Supplementation with methionine, cysteine, or taurine. AB - All cats fed a taurine-free casein diet for 23 weeks have shown a nondetectable electroretinogram (ERG) in association with a plasma and retinal taurine deficiency. In the present study, the casein diet was supplemented with either taurine or taurine precursors (methionine or cysteine) for 23 weeks to see if retinal function would be preserved. Cats fed the casein diet supplemented with methionine or cysteine showed ERG's reduced in amplitude and delayed in implicit time and had plasma and retinal taurine levels that were well below normal by 23 weeks. Only those cats given taurine in the diet (i.e., those fed chow or casein supplemented with taurine) retained normal ERG function and normal plasma and retinal taurine concentrations. These findings establish a role for taurine in maintaining normal retinal function in the cat. PMID- 1245383 TI - Pattern reversal visually evoked potentials in infants. AB - Visually evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded from infants two to six months of age using a checkerboard pattern reversal stimulus. By six months, infants produced the largest amplitude VEP to checks subtending visual angles of 7.5 or 15 minutes of arc, as do adults with 20/20 acuity. This finding indicates that by six months an infant's sensory capacity for a visual acuity of 20/20 is established. PMID- 1245384 TI - Survival of some photoreceptor cells in albino rats following long-term exposure to continuous light. AB - Fischer albino rats, seven weeks of age, were exposed to continuous light at 65 foot-candle incident illuminance for up to 264 days. Other Fischer rats, seven months of age, were exposed to continuous light at 140 foot-candle incident illuminance for up to 147 days. In all cases, a small percentage of the photoreceptors survived. The identification of the surviving cells as photoreceptors was made by light microscopy on the basis of nuclear heterochromatin pattern and staining and by electron microscopy by the presence of ribbon synapses and ciliary basal bodies with ciliary filaments. No outer segment membranes were observed. The percentage of cones progressively increased from the normal 1.5 per cent to about 60 per cent with increasing exposure time, indicating that cone cells are more resistant than rods to destruction by constant light. PMID- 1245385 TI - The biphasic intraocular pressure response of rabbits to epinephrine. AB - A study has been made of the pupillary and intraocular pressure responses of conscious rabbits to daily topical applications of submaximal doses of epinephrine. On the first day, epinephrine caused rapid pupil dilation which preceded a prolonged -ecrease of intraocular pressure. On the second and subsequent days, the application of the same dose of epinephrine increased the duration of the pupillary response and caused a biphasic pressure response in all treated eyes; an initial increase of intraocular pressure lasting two to four hours followed by decrease of intraocular pressure below the initial value which lasted for more than twenty-four hours. The beta-receptor antagonist, propranolol, and the alpha-receptor antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, caused small and large reductions, respectively, in the hypertensive response to epinephrine. Phenoxybenzamine, but not propranolol, also inhibited the pupil dilation and the hypotensive response to epinephrine. Topical administration of phenoxybenzamine strongly inhibited the hypertensive response to epinephrine but left unaffected the pupillary response. PMID- 1245386 TI - Menkes' kinky hair disease: a light and electron microscopic study of the eye. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies of the ocular tissue of a case of Menkes' kinky hair disease are described. The copper deficiency responsible for this systemic and neurologic disease appears to cause a progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, loss of nerve fibers, and optic atrophy. The pigment epithelium is also abnormal with only small and irregular melanin granules present among electron-dense inclusion bodies. Abnormal elastica is present in Bruch's membrane. PMID- 1245387 TI - Corneal epithelial changes during midterm storage. AB - The increased use of donor epithelium in keratoplasty for severe corneal disease has prompted an investigation of epithelial viability during midterm storage. Glycogen, ATP, and ADP have been used as indicators of the metabolic state of epithelial cells. These substances have been measured after conventional moist chamber storage at 4 degrees C. for 1, 2, and 12 days and after immersion at 4 degrees C. in McCarey-Kaufman medium for 1, 2, and 12 days. In addition, recovery of glycogen and ATP stores has been evaluated after warming of the tissue in the storage solution to 37 degrees C. The evidence indicates that the corneal epithelium may recover these biologically important substances, despite depletion secondary to delayed cooling of donor eyes. PMID- 1245388 TI - Physiological function of regenerating endothelium. AB - A defined area, 4 mm. diameter, cryothermal injury was created on a rabbit cornea. Corneal thickness was measured at four distances from the limbus to the center of the cornea during the swelling phase after endothelial damage, and during the recovery period. Rapid initial swelling was followed by a period of stable maximum thickness over 24 hours. More swelling occurred centrally than peripherally. Eight days after injury the peripheral cornea regained normal thickness, and the central portion was normal thickness after 10 to 12 days. Histological examination of corneal endothelium showed that early migration of cells into the denuded area occurred 6 hours after injury. By 2 days, most of the denuded area was covered by endothelial cells, although the cells were large and irregular. The number of normal cells increased, and of irregular cells decreased, over the next five days, until two weeks after freezing all cells had a normal appearance. The recovery of physiologic endothelial function lags behind the histologic recovery by about four to five days, indicating that recovery of the normal endothelial permeability is possibly related to the status of the cellular junctions rather than covering of the posterior surface by cells per se. PMID- 1245389 TI - Free grafts of autologous and homologous ureter. A functional study. AB - A free graft of autologous ureter will survive functionally when implanted subcutaneously whether replacing ureter or urethra, provided that the adventitia containing its longitudinal blood supply has been removed. A free graft of similarly stripped homograft ureter, although surviving initially, will eventually stenose and be rejected in the usual manner. PMID- 1245390 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. III. The longitudinal anal muscle: anatomy and role in anal sphincter mechanism. AB - A study of the longitudinal anal muscle was performed in 16 cadaveric specimens. The study comprised dissection and microscopic examination. The bundles of the longitudinal were found arranged in three layers: medial, intermediate, and lateral; each has a different origin and is separated from the other by a fascial septum. Four fascial septa related to the longitudinal muscle could be identified. They split and decussate below the lower end of the longitudinal muscle to form the "central tendon." The central tendon lies between the base loop of the external anal sphincter and the longitudinal muscle. It gives rise to multiple small fibrous septa in different directions; those which penetrate the base loop split and decussate to form the corrugator ani cutis. A mechanism of action of the corrugator is presented. The role of the longitudinal muscle in the anal sphincter mechanism and during defecation is discussed. The muscle plays its major role during defecation. The part played by the muscle in anal fixation is considered. It helps to fix the anal canal to the side wall of the pelvis during defecation, thus preventing anal prolapse. PMID- 1245391 TI - The response of the renal vasculature to prostaglandin E in man. AB - Fifty micrograms of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) dissolved in 10 ml of physiologic saline solution were injected into the renal artery of 33 hematuria patients. The serial films obtained before and after the injection of PGE1 were compared. The administration of PGE1 promoted the entry of the contrast medium into the renal artery as early as 0.5 sec after its injection. There were cases in which the time of the appearance of maximum arterial phase was shortned, even observed at the 0.5-sec interval. The maximum nephrogram appeared earlier after the administration of PGE1, and enlargement of the major axis of the nephrogram was observed. The time of appearance of the maximum venous phase was also shortened by the administration of PGE1. Thus, the increase of the renal blood flow with PGE1 was suggested roentgenologically. The mechanism of action and the clinical applicability of prostaglandin are discussed. PMID- 1245392 TI - The effect of adrenergic drugs and hypogastric nerve stimulation on the canine urethra. A radiologic and urethral pressure study. AB - A combination of fluoroscopy and measurement of changes in urethral resistance was used to identify the nature and location of the urethral response to adrenergic stimulation. Intraaortic norepinephrine or bilateral hypogastric nerve stimulation produced a constriction of the prostatic urethra in males and of the distal urethra in females. Intraaortic isoproterenol produced a dilation in the same regions. The adrenergically sensitive areas determined in this study appear more discrete than those determined by measurements of urethral pressure profile. PMID- 1245394 TI - Cation exchange resin and calcium excretion. An experimental study. AB - It has been suggested that cation exchange resins might be helpful in urinary stone prophylaxis. The effect of the cation exchange resin Dowex 50 WX8 upon calcium absorption and urinary excretion in guinea pigs was investigated. The mean fecal calcium concentration was very close in the Dowex-treated and control animals and the urinary calcium concentration was not reduced in the resin treated animals. These findings suggest that Dowex was ineffective in binding calcium in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1245393 TI - The influence of the progestogen gestonorone caproate on testosterone turnover in renal cell carcinoma. An in vitro study. AB - To investigate the effect of gestagens on renal cell carcinoma 300-mg slices of normal, human kidney, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and preoperatively irradiated RCC were subjected to a short term incubation with 200 pmoles of 3H-testosterone and 1 and 2 mug of gestonorone caproate. In the normal kidney 61.4 per cent of the testosterone added was metabolized, the oxidation products androstenedione and epitestosterone outweighing by 6:1 the reduction products 5alpha dihydrotestosterone and androstanediol. In RCC only 22 per cent of the testosterone was metabolized, with 8.5 per cent being converted to 5alpha androstanes. Gestonorone caproate essentially did not influence testosterone turnover. This can be explained by its action as an inhibitor of the reductive pathway of the testosterone metabolism only, which is insignificant in these tissues. PMID- 1245395 TI - The relationship of extrinsic nerves to motor activity of the upper urinary tract. In vivo studies on the pig. AB - Ureteral activity in the anesthetized pig was monitored by indwelling open-ended nonocclusive fluid-filled catheters. After a preliminary control period, electrical stimulation was applied to the renal/ureteral nerves, anterior and posterior vagi, and the preaortic abdominal nerve plexuses. Such stimulation was uniformly without effect upon renal pelvis and ureteral activity as observed visually and also as recorded by the intraluminal catheters. Excessive mechanical stimulation of the ureter and collecting system on one side did not induce any change whatsoever in the motor activity of the contralateral system, i.e., no "reflex" activity was demonstrable between the two sides. After ensuring complete devascularization of one kidney (and hence halting urine production by the kidney) regularly spaced anterograde contraction complexes were recorded from the homolateral ureter for periods in excess of 40 min. This latter phenomenon is discussed in relation to the concept of an upper urinary tract pacemaker. PMID- 1245396 TI - Torsion of the spermatic cord. An Experimental Study. AB - Twenty-eight Hartley strain guinea pigs were divided into three groups. Group I animals had their exteriorized testes torsed for a variable period of time until a bluish black color was maintained after detorsion. Group II and III animals served as controls. Testicular hormone function was estimated by analysis of accessory sex gland weights and citric acid and fructose content. Spermatogenesis was assessed by testicular histology and sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and epididymal sperm number and motility. No apparent effect on either spermatogenic or hormonal function of the guinea pig testis resulted from the torsion of the spermatic cord to the degree and length of time described. PMID- 1245397 TI - A brief note on the ultrastructure of renal glomeruli in acutely hyperuricemic rats. AB - Male Wistar rats fed 2 per cent oxonic acid plus 3 per cent uric acid for 3 weeks developed hyperuricemia and an extraordinary uricosuria. The kidneys had gross abnormalities similar to those seen in humans with gouty nephropathy. The cortical surfaces were granular and the kidneys had uric acid and urate deposits in the intratubular and intestitial spaces of the medullary region. Both histologic and ultrastructural studies of the glomeruli failed to disclose any unusual morphologic changes. Glomerular cells were normal and glomerular basement membranes maintained the granular structure of the lamina densa with a clear demarcation between the lamina rara externa and lamina rara interna. These morphologic findings suggest that in acutely hyperuricemic rats with a lesion comparable to hyperuricemic tubular blockade, there is no associated glomerular alteration. PMID- 1245398 TI - A study of fracture of the neck of the femur in the west of Ireland 1968-1973. PMID- 1245399 TI - The small for dates infant. PMID- 1245400 TI - Pregnancies of Irish residents terminated in England and Wales in 1973. PMID- 1245401 TI - Neutrophil function--part II. PMID- 1245402 TI - "Headache rounds". The heel of Achilles. PMID- 1245403 TI - Hypothesis--Head pain: congenital, anatomical, pathological and neurosurgical correlates. PMID- 1245404 TI - Migraine and oral contraceptives. PMID- 1245405 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in the diagnosis of vascular headache. PMID- 1245406 TI - "Cephalgic" spasm of head and neck muscles. PMID- 1245407 TI - Autogenic feedback training in migraine: a treatment report. PMID- 1245408 TI - Migraine and atopy. PMID- 1245409 TI - Therapeutic effect of reserpine on migraine syndrome: relationship to blood amine levels. PMID- 1245410 TI - Reserpine for migraine prophylaxis. PMID- 1245411 TI - Prevalence of migraine and other headache in Finnish children starting school. PMID- 1245412 TI - Editorial: The treatment of acute migraine attacks. PMID- 1245413 TI - Biological measurements in rodents exposed continuously throughout their adult life to pulsed electromagnetic radiation. PMID- 1245414 TI - Monte Carlo simulated irradiation in a spatially dependent field. PMID- 1245415 TI - Evaluation and dosimetry of a 99mTc-Sn-MAA lung imaging agent in humans. PMID- 1245416 TI - Analysis of the 89Sr and 90Sr content in eluates of fission produced 99Mo-99mTc generators. PMID- 1245417 TI - Distribution of injected 226Ra and 90Sr in the beagle skeleton. PMID- 1245418 TI - The translocation of 241-americium and 242-curium from the respiratory system of the rat. PMID- 1245419 TI - Strontium-90 in a tropical rain forest: 12th-yr validation of a 32-yr prediction. PMID- 1245420 TI - "Fallout tritium" distribution in the environment. PMID- 1245421 TI - Remote plutonium contamination and total inventories from Rocky Flats. PMID- 1245422 TI - Fixation and remobilization of trace contaminants in simulated subsurface aquifers. PMID- 1245423 TI - Environmental gamma-ray measurements using in situ and core sampling techniques. PMID- 1245424 TI - Lead equivalence of male gonad shields. PMID- 1245425 TI - Radiation leakage from electron microscopes. PMID- 1245427 TI - Internal gamma-ray dosimetry of a spheroidal source-effect of shape parameter. PMID- 1245426 TI - The effect of RaB recoil losses on radon daughter measurements. PMID- 1245428 TI - Retention and distribution of 203HgCl2 in suckling and adult rats. PMID- 1245429 TI - Radiocesium kinetics in Arctic carnivores. PMID- 1245430 TI - Weakening of bone by osteolytic lesions in a radium case. PMID- 1245431 TI - Efficacy of Zn-DTPA in removing plutonium from the human body. PMID- 1245432 TI - [Recurrent infections--differential diagnosis in practical medicine]. PMID- 1245433 TI - [The blood-xylose test in childhood: correlation between 1 hour blood-xylose levels and numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa in celiac disease]. AB - In 59 children who underwent diagnostic small-intestinal biopsies the correlation between the intraepithelial lymphocyte infilration of the distal duodenal mucosa and the blood-xylose concentration 1 h after ingestion of 5 g D-xylose was investigated. 16 patients with active coeliac disease had blood-xylose values below 20 mg%, and the correlation between blood-xylose levels and the numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes in this same group of patients was found to be highly significant. Provided that the methodology is meticulously followed, it is our experience that the one-hour blood-xylose test, in addition to the clinical investigation, facilitates the decision whether or not to perform a small intestinal biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of coeliac disease in childhood. The test however cannot replace the intestinal biopsy which remains the only acceptable criterion for the diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 1245434 TI - Control of plasma aldosterone in infancy and childhood. A study of plasma renin activity, plasma cortisol and plasma aldosterone. AB - In order to elucidate the main factors controlling plasma aldosterone in infancy and childhood, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol (PC, as a parameter of ACTH activity), plasma aldosterone (PA) and serum sodium and potassium were measured simultaneously in 84 healthy children (62 recumbent, 22 upright) ranging in age from 6 days to 16 years. 10 healthy male students served as adult controls. As compared to the controls, PRA levels were significantly higher in the children up to the age of 12 years. PA was also elevated in most children; the highest values for PA and for PRA were observed during the first 4 years of life. A significant positive correlation between PRA and PA (n = 84, r = 0,62, p less than 0.001) was found. There were no significant differences in serum sodium or potassium or in PC. All PC values were - with one exception - within the range found in healthy adults. Our results indicate that high PA values are freuqently observed in healthy children. They are mainly caused by elevated PRA. The physiological significance of increased activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in infancy is not yet clear. PMID- 1245436 TI - [Fitness program for infants]. AB - The young mother should be instructed not only about feeding and immunizations, but also about her own motherly behaviour with the baby. A simple "fitness programme" to be executed before and after the feeds is described which will help insecure mothers and improve the emotional and physical well being of the baby. The paediatrician should stimulate the mother's ability before he claims the help of expensive paramedical specialists. PMID- 1245435 TI - Low renin essential hypertension in a child. AB - Elevated blood pressure (160/120 mm Hg) was found in an 8 1/2-year old body and remained unchanged during the following 3 years. The only abnormal findings were undetectable plasma renin activity (PRA less 0.16 ng/ml-3 h) even after sodium restriction and upright posture and a slight tendency for hypokalemia (3.7 mEq/1, lowest value 3.3 mEq/1). Plasma aldosterone (PA) and plasma cortisol (PC) were normal. Administration of dexamethasone and spironolactone resulted in only a minimal decrease of blood pressure whereas hydrochlorothiazide was slightly more effective. The circadian rhythm of PRA, PA and PC was studied by otaining frequent blood specimens during one night. The diurnal variation of PA and PC was normal despite undetectable PRA (less than 0.16 ng/ml-3 h). Primary aldosteronism and other conditions associated with mineralocorticoid excess were excluded. The patient seems to represent an example of low renin essential hypertension. This is the second recorded case of this syndrome in childhood. PMID- 1245437 TI - Tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle, intact ventricular septum and congenital absence of the pulmonary valve. AB - A case of tricuspid atresia by sealing of the valves, associated with an intact ventricular septum, a hypoplastic right ventricle and the absence of the pulmonary valve, is described. The foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus were widely patent but there was no interventricular communication. The pulmonary flow was assured by the ductus which had a saccular continuation in the pulmonary trunk. It is postulated that the lesions probably occurred during the period between the XIX and XXII horizons and that the malformed right coronary artery may have played an important role in producing the lesions of the right ventricle. PMID- 1245438 TI - Symptomatic atrial septal defect in the neonate and infant. AB - Atrial septal defect, secundum type, is rarely diagnosed and seldom produces symptoms in infancy. 7 patients, aged between 2 weeks and 8 months, who developed congestive failure, are presented. 6 of them had an atrial LR-shunt documented at cardiac catheterization. 1 diagnosis was made at post mortem in the only infant who died. The clinical signs of an ASD do not vary from those normally found in the older child; the causes for early failure are probably rapidly decreasing pulmonary vascular reistance and disturbances of left ventricular compliance. 6 infants improved with conservative or no treatment, although spontaneous closure or significant diminution of the shunt did not occur. Surgical closure can be deferred to a later optimal age for operation. ASD secundum type should be considered as a cause of heart failure in the neonate and infant. PMID- 1245439 TI - The radiological diagnosis of the fetal-face (= Robinow) syndrome (mesomelic dwarfism and small genitalia). Report of 3 cases. AB - Report of 3 cases with Robinow syndrome. Analysis of the X-ray findings, including the formerly reported cases. On radiological grounds, the diagnosis of the Robinow syndrome is possible by the combined observation of mesomelic shortening of the extremities, hemivertebra formation and fusion anomalies of spine and of the ribs. The "splitting" of terminal (bifid) phalanges and toes is a facultative, but highly diagnostic radiological sign. In 2 cases, the pattern profiles were of considerable similarity. The practical importance of the correct diagnosis in this syndrome is emphasized. PMID- 1245440 TI - Immunological decay in thymectomized infants. AB - Four infants underwent radical thymectomy for a suspected malignancy of the thymus. Histology revealed no malignant cells. The patients did clinically well as long as 14 years after the operation. There was laboratory evidence for a cellular and humoral immunodeficiency. Affected were mainly the response to oral poliomyelitis vaccinations and the skin tests of delayed type hypersensitivity. PMID- 1245441 TI - Development of meningoccal disease: could it depend on serum IgM levels? AB - Immunoglobulins M, G and A were studied in 88 children with meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. No difference in the level of immunoglobulins was noted between patients and age matched controls. Serial estimations of serum samples taken on admission to the hospital, 48 h after starting treatment, and on the day of discharge showed a marked increase of IgM levels in almost all patients at discharge irrespective of age or sex. Data of this study do not support the theory that IgM deficiency is the cause which favors the development of meningococcal disease. PMID- 1245443 TI - Euthanasia--some legal aspects. PMID- 1245442 TI - Letter: Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in the dog. PMID- 1245444 TI - Surgical approaches to certain long bones of the horse for application of tension band plates. AB - In the horse, surgical approaches for plating fractures of the ulna, radius, metacarpus, tibia, and metatarsus involved a single curvilinear skin incision and incision of the superficial fascia in a manner to prevent postoperative dehiscence. The tension side of the bones, as well as location of nerves, arteries, veins, and muscles, were the major determinants in developing these approaches for atraumatic surgery and short operative time. PMID- 1245445 TI - Effect of antiparasitic medication in ponies on pasture. AB - Twenty Shetland ponies, 6 to 7 months old, were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and stomach bots. The ponies were allotted to 2 groups of 10 and were maintained on separate similar pastures that were free of infective larvae at the beginning of the study. The ponies in 1 group were treated monthly for 17 months with a therapeutic dose of a thiabendazole and piperazine mixture; those in the other group were not treated. During the 3rd and 5th months of the experiment, the ponies in the treated group were also given therapeutic doses of dichlorvos to remove bots. Various physical, hematologic, parasitologic, and blood chemical observations were made at weekly intervals. Each group of ponies was weighed at biweekly intervals. At the end of the experiment, the greatest differences between the treated and control ponies were in the mean number of worm eggs in fecal samples (0 vs 1,866 eggs/g), mean body weight (151.9 vs 117.0 kg), mean heart girth (126.5 vs 116.3 cm), mean packed cell volume (36.4 vs 30.8%), and mean serum protein content (8.47 vs 9.33 mg/100 ml), especially beta-globulin content (mean of 1.9 vs 3.4 mg/100 ml). The treated ponies remained clinically normal and were more spirited and more difficult to restrain for blood sampling and weighing than were the untreated controls. Parasitic nematode larvae were not recovered from grass samples from the pasture grazed by the treated ponies, but many such larvae (up to 500/300-g sample) were recovered from grass samples from the pasture grazed by the untreated ponies. PMID- 1245446 TI - Epitheliogenesis imperfecta in a foal. PMID- 1245447 TI - Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in two foals. PMID- 1245448 TI - Presumptive quaternary ammonium intoxication in a pony. PMID- 1245449 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in horses. AB - In a review of neoplasm registry records at Kansas State University (1961 through 1971), 58 squamous cell carcinomas were reported in 10 breeds of horses. Mean age of the affected horses was 12.4 years. The head, eye and ocular adnexa accounted for 43.1%, the external male genitalia, 44.8%, and female perineal region, 12.0% of the squamous cell carcinomas, altogether representing 20.2% of 287 neoplasms recorded. PMID- 1245450 TI - Isolation of Actinobacillus lignieresi from a epidural abscess in a horse with progressive paralysis. PMID- 1245452 TI - Treatment of fractures of the tibial tuberosity in the dog. AB - Of 27 dogs with fractures of the tibial tuberosity, 24 were treated by various methods of open reduction. Follow-up examination was obtained in 21 cases, and it was found that all but one fracture healed in 8 weeks. Tension band wiring and single interfragmentary screws were most commonly used; healing was similar in both groups. PMID- 1245451 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis in dogs. PMID- 1245453 TI - Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia in a pup. AB - A 6-week-old Beagle failed to respond to visual stimulation. Examination revealed fixed dilated pupils and hypoplasia of both optic disks. Results of electroretinography were normal. Radiography of the skull revealed small optic nerve foramina. Histologically, the outer layers of the retinas were normal, the retinal ganglion cells were scarce, and the nerve fiber layers, optic nerves, and optic chiasm were hypoplastic. PMID- 1245454 TI - Aortic regurgitation in the dog. AB - In a review of aortic regurgitation in 12 dogs, breed or sex predilection was not found. Clinical signs included decreased exercise tolerance and diastolic murmur. Associated anomalies included ventricular septal defect and aortic stenosis. It was concluded that when aortic regurgitation develops secondary to a ventricular septal defect, the prognosis should be grave. PMID- 1245455 TI - Osteochondromatosis of the cervical vertebrae in a dog. PMID- 1245456 TI - Letter: Treatment of dogs with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 1245457 TI - Isolation and description of a menaquinone mutant from Bacillus licheniformis. AB - A menaquinone mutant (SG1) of Bacillus licheniformis has been isolated by selecting for colonies that are resistant to low levels of kanamycin (1.5 mug/ml) but sensitive to the same concentration of kanamycin in the presence of shikimate (25 mug/ml). The wild type (IU1) contained 0.38 +/- 0.02 nmol of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) per mg (dry weight) of cells when grown +/- shikimate, whereas SG1 had less than 0.01 nmol of MK-7 per mg (dry weight) of cells when grown in the presence of shikimate. SG1 had a generation time of 85 min, as compared to 24 min for IU1 grown +/- shikimate. SG1 doubled with a generation time of 28 min when grown in the presence of shikimate. IU1 consumed O2 at various rates depending on the stage of growth. A triphasic O2 consumption curve with maxima at mid exponential phase, the transition from exponential to stationary phase, and early stationary phase was found for IU1 +/- shikimate and SG1 + shikimate. SG1 grown without shikimate consumed O2 at a low level (10 to 20% of IU1). Normal respiration could be restored to SG1 8.5 min after shikimate addition, whereas normal growth was not restored until 40 min after shikimate addition. Electron microscopic studies of SG1 and IU1 have indicated a morphological alteration in the mutant. SG1 is a dwarf cell as compared to IU1, when grown without shikimate. However, SG1 grown with shikimate became morphologically indistinguishable from IU1. PMID- 1245458 TI - Substructure and in vitro assembly of the outer, structured layer of Spirillum serpens. AB - Electron micrographs of disintegrating units of the outer, structured (HP) layer of Spirillum serpens and of the isolated protein obtained from the HP layer revealed V- and Y-shaped and linear profiles. Interpretation of these forms, influenced by the seemingly trimeric form of the isolated protein and by biochemical data, suggested that the protein subunits were identical and Y shaped. A model is proposed for the assembly of the Y-shaped subunits to form a hexagon composed of two triads (three Y-shaped subunits each). The isolated protein adsorbed to a template of wall fragments (basal layer) to the same degree (over 90%) in high concentrations of Na+, K+ (5 X 10(-2) M), Ca2+, Sr2+, and Mg2+ (10(-2) M). At a lower concentration (4 x 10(-5) M) of the cations there was differential adsorption of the protein. Adsorption to the template in the presence of each cation, followed by dilution, also led to differential release of the protein. The adsorption of the protein to the basal layer was correlated with reassembly of the HP layer on the template. The mechanisms seem to be: (i) an ionic strength-dependent reassembly, which results in an HP layer loosely attached to the template (this layer is easily dissociated by decreasing the ionic strength); and (ii) a cation-specific (Ca2+ or Sr2+, but not Mg2+, Na+, or K+) mechanism independent of ionic strength. In this latter case, the specific cations presumably form strong noncovalent "salt" linkages between triads and the basal layer, enabling stable hexagons and the HP layer to be formed. PMID- 1245459 TI - Effect of cis-platinum(II)diamminodichloride on cell division of Hyphomicrobium and Caulobacter. AB - Low concentrations of the radiomimetic agent cis-platinum(II)diamminodichloride (PDD) inhibited cell division in Caulobacter crescentus (0.1 mug/ml) and Hyphomicrobium sp. strain B-522 (1.0 mug/ml) without altering the length of prosthecae. After exposure, cells of C. crescentus appeared as long filaments, whereas only the bud portion of Hyphomicrobium underwent elongation. PDD-treated cells of both species were multinucleated. After the removal of PDD by washing, filaments of C. crescentus fragmented unequally and then normal growth resumed. In Hyphomicrobium (where division involves release of swarmer cells that arise as buds on the distal ends of hyphae), potential septation sites formed in the presence of PDD remained inactive after washing. Reinitiation of cell division in this species was dependent upon the synthesis of new hyphae that could arise from either end of the elongated bud. This finding suggests that the PDD-induced lesion at a given septation site is irreversible and, upon removal of this compound, alternate sites must be synthesized for the subsequent occurrence of cell division. PMID- 1245460 TI - Genetic co-regulation of galactose and melibiose utilization in Saccharomyces. AB - The gal3 mutation of Saccharomyces, which is associated with an impairment in the utilization of galactose, has been shown to be pleiotropic, causing similar impairments in the utilization of melibiose and maltose. Milibiose utilization and alpha-galactosidase production are directly controlled by the galactose regulatory elements i, c, and GAL4. The fermentation of maltose and the induction of alpha-glucosidase are regulated independently of the i, c, GAL4 system. The production of alpha-galactosidase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase is coordinate in galactokinaseless strains. Galactose serves as a nonmetabolized, gratuitous inducer of alpha-galactosidase in strains lacking the genes for one or more of the Leloir pathway enzymes. PMID- 1245461 TI - Mutants of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica defective in lysine catabolism. AB - Wild-type strains of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica are able to use lysine as a carbon or a nitrogen source, but not as a unique source for both. Mutants were selected that could not use lysine either as a nitrogen or as a carbon source. Some of them, however, utilized N-6-acetyllysine or 5-aminovaleric acid. Many of the mutants appeared to be blocked in both utilizations, suggesting a unique pathway for lysine degradation (either as a carbon or as a nitrogen source). Genetic characterization of these mutants was achieved by complementation and recombination tests. PMID- 1245463 TI - Rare occurrence of the tetratype tetrads in Saccharomycodes ludwigii. AB - Genetic data suggesting the absence of crossover in Saccharomycodes ludwigii have been described. Tetrad data obtained from 888 asci from 60 pairs of genes with 22 genetic markers showed the absence of tetratype asci, except for 5 asci in which a single pair of alleles showed tetratype segregation to the other genetic markers in each ascus. Spore arrays in the linear asci showed that the + - + - and + - - + (or - + + -) asci occurred at almost equal frequencies. The two coherent spores at each end of an ascus were always marked with different alleles of a gene. PMID- 1245462 TI - Role and regulation of the ortho and meta pathways of catechol metabolism in pseudomonads metabolizing naphthalene and salicylate. AB - The enzymes of naphthalene metabolism are induced in Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17484, PpG7, NCIB 9816, and PG and in Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 17483 during growth on naphthalene or salicylate; 2-aminobenzoate is a gratuitous inducer of these enzymes. The meta-pathway enzymes of catechol metabolism are induced in ATCC 17483 and PPG7 during growth on naphthalene or salicylate or during growth in the presence of 2-aminobenzoate, but in ATCC 17484 and NCIB 9816 the ortho-pathway enzymes of catechol metabolism are induced during growth on naphthalene or salicylate. 2-Aminobenzoate does not induce any enzymes of catechol metabolism in the latter two organisms. In Pseudomonas PG the meta-pathway enzymes are present at high levels under all conditions of growth, but this organism and PpG7 can induce ortho-pathway enzymes during naphthalene or salicylate metabolism. Salicylate appears to be the inducer of the enzymes of naphthalene metabolism in all of the organisms studied and, where they are inducible, of the meta-pathway enzymes, but the properties of Pseudomonas PG suggest that separate, regulatory systems may exist. PMID- 1245464 TI - Properties of an inducible uptake system for beta-ketoadipate in Pseudomonas putida. AB - Wild-type strains of Pseudomonas putida form an inducible uptake system that appears to act on beta-ketoadipate under normal physiological conditions. The system is induced by beta-ketoadipate and is represented by catabolites derived from it. Adipate is metabolized very slowly by wild-type P. putida cultures; [14C]adipate was used as an analogue of beta-ketoadipate to measure the transport activity in wild-type cells and in cells that constitutively produced the uptake system. Constitutive cells that contained high levels of the uptake system concentrated adipate to a level up to 200-fold above the concentration in the external medium. The process was energy dependent. The activity of the system with radioactive adipate was inhibited by beta-ketoadipate, by beta-ketoadipate analogues, and by some compounds (e.g., acetate, glucose) that are structurally unrelated to beta-ketoadipate; it is not known if the inhibitory effects are exerted directly by the compounds themselves or indirectly by catabolites derived from the compounds. The discovery of the beta-ketoadipate uptake system is surprising in view of earlier studies that had indicated that beta-ketoadipate does not permeate the membrane of wild-type P. putida cells. Contradictions between the former investigations and the present analysis are due primarily to the relatively high concentrations of substrate used in the earlier experiments. The existence of the beta-ketoadipate uptake system indicates that beta ketoadipate may exist as a selective nutrient in the natural niche of P. putida and may play a determinative role in the evolution of induction mechanisms that are characteristic of fluorescent pseudomonads. PMID- 1245465 TI - Peptidoglycans synthesized by a membrane preparation of Micrococcus luteus. AB - By incubation of cell-free particulate preparations from Micrococcus luteus with nucleotidic precursors uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine and uridine 5' diphosphate-N-acetylmuramic acid-L-Ala-D-iso-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, several types of peptidoglycans were obtained: soluble peptidoglycan, insoluble peptidoglycan bound to the membrane and solubilized by trypsin, and peptidoglycan, which remained insoluble after the action of trypsin. The structure of each type of peptidoglycan was studied by action of lytic enzymes and separation of the fragments on Sephadex. Soluble peptidoglycans consist of a mixture of un-cross linked polymers of various molecular weights. Trypsin-solubilized peptidoglycans are also a mixture of polymers of various sizes. They contain a preponderance of un-cross-linked material and some bridges with dimer peptides. Insoluble peptidoglycans, after the action of trypsin, contain about 50% of un-cross-linked peptide residues; in the other moiety, peptide units are cross-linked by D-Ala leads to L-Lys and D-Ala leads to L-Ala bonds which characterize the natural peptidoglycan. Therefore, the cell-free particulate preparation possesses the whole enzymatic system necessary for synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan. PMID- 1245466 TI - Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in Staphylococcus aureus: incorporation of the Nepsilon-Ala-Lys moiety into the peptide subunit of nascent peptidoglycan. AB - UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(Nepsilon-Ala)-DAla-DAla was isolated from extracts of Staphylococcus aureus Copenhagen. This nucleotide accumulated in media deficient in glycine. To establish its role in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the nucleotide hexapeptide was compared with UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla in the reaction catalyzed by phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase and in the membrane catalyzed nascent peptidoglycan-synthetizing system. In the exchange reaction catalyzed by the translocase, the Rmax and Rmax/Km are 1.79 muM/min and 4.47 X 10(-2)/min, respectively, for UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide and 1.81 muM/min and 4.46 X 10(-2)/min, respectively, for UDP-Mur-NAc-hexapeptide. In the synthesis of nascent peptidoglycan, the Vmax is 1.8 muM/min X 10(-2) for both the nucleotide hexapeptide and -pentapeptide. The Vmax/Km is 5.6 X 10(-4) and 4.3 X 10(-4)/min for the nucleotide-pentapeptide and -hexapeptide, respectively. Schleifer, Hammes, and Kandler (Adv. Microb. Physiol. in press) observed that growth of S. aureus Copenhagen on a glycine-poor medium results in a peptidoglycan structure in which 20% of the lysine residues are substituted at the epsilon-amino group by L-alanine residues that do not participate in interpeptide bridge information. The in vitro studies demonstrate that UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(Nepsilon-Ala)-DAla DAla is a possible precursor of the Nepsilon-Ala-Lys moiety. PMID- 1245467 TI - Structure of plain and complex flagellar hooks of Pseudomonas rhodos. AB - The proximal hooks of plain and complex flagella produced by a strain of Pseudomonas rhodos have been analyzed by electron microscopy and optical diffraction and filtering. Plain flagellar hooks are cone-shaped, 70 nm long, and 13 to 21.5 nm wide, and consist of helically arranged subunits. Complex flagellar hooks are cylinders, 180 to 190 nm long, and 15 to 16 nm wide, and are composed of globular subunits. The structure comprises four small-scale helical rows of subunits intersecting bewteen 10 and 11 large-scale helices of pitch angle 80 degrees. The axial and lateral dimensions of the unit cell, which define the surface lattice, are 4.9 and 4.7 nm, respectively. In addition, a core structure, approximately 5 nm wide, has been demonstrated inside the hook cylinder. Complex flagellar hooks were isolated and purified by gradient centrifugation after acid degradation of the attached filaments. Isolated hook particles have an average sedimentation constant of 130S and consist of a protein of molecular weight 43,000. A model of the complex flagellar hook is presented, and its possible role in flagellar assembly and rotation is discussed. PMID- 1245468 TI - Uric acid degradation by Bacillus fastidiosus strains. AB - Seven Bacillus strains including one of the original Bacillus fastidiosus strains of Den Dooren de Jong could grow on urate, allantoin, and, except one, on allantoate. No growth could be detected on adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and on degradation products of allantoate. Some strains grew very slowly in complex media. The metabolic pathway from urate to glyoxylate involved uricase, S(+)-allantoinase, allantoate amidohydrolase, S(-)-ureidoglycolase, and, in some strains, urease. PMID- 1245469 TI - Ultrastructure of superficial mycosidic integuments of Mycobacterium sp. AB - Cells from pellicle growth of Mycobacterium sp. NQ are enveloped in a mycoside layer which extends outward as long filaments, 5 nm in diameter. Underneath this outer mycosidic casement, ramified ropelike structure, embedded in a dense matrix, overlay the rigid peptidoglycan of the cell wall. PMID- 1245470 TI - Phosphorylation of mononucleotides and formation of cytidine 5'-diphosphate choline and sugar nucleotides by respiration-deficient mutants of yeasts. AB - Respiration-deficient mutants (Rho-, petite) of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were obtained by treatment with trypaflavin (euflavine). Dried cells of these mutants phosphorylated mononucleotides to their triphosphates and further formed not only cytidine 5'-diphosphate-choline, but also sugar nucleotides, such as uridine 5' diphosphate-glucose, guanosine 5'-diphosphate-mannose, etc. The activities were the same or slightly greater than those of the wild strain. These results showed that energy (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) necessary for phosphorylation of mononucleotides was sufficiently supplied by the glycolysis system. PMID- 1245471 TI - Glycerol utilization by a mutant of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - The glycerol-catabolizing enzymes of a mutant of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata were found to be constitutive and modulated coordinately, although apparently not functional in the presence of malate. No difference in glycerol permeation was found between the mutant and wild type. PMID- 1245472 TI - Suppression of the mitochondrial oxidation of (-)-palmitylcarnitine by the malate aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttles. AB - Palmitylcarnitine oxidation by isolated liver mitochondria has been used to investigate the interaction of fatty acid oxidation with malate, glutamate, succinate, and the malate-aspartate shuttle. Mitochondria preincubated with fluorocitrate were added to a medium containing 2mM ATP and ATPase. This system, characterized by a high energy change, allowed titration of respiration to any desired rate between States 4 and 3 (Chance, B., and Williams, G. R. (1956) Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 17, 65-134). When respiration (reference, with palmitylcarnitine and malate as substrates) was set at 75% of State 3, the oxidation of palmitylcarnitine was limited by acetoacetate formation. The addition of malate or glutamate approximately doubled the rate of beta oxidation. Malate circumvented this limitation by citrate formation, but the effect of glutamate apparently was due to enhancement of the capacity for ketogenesis. The rate of beta oxidation was curtailed when malate and glutamate were both present. This curtailment was more pronounced when the malate-aspartate shuttle was fully reconstituted. Among the oxidizable substrates examined, succinate was most effective in inhibiting palmitylcarnitine oxidation. Mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratios were correlated positively with suppression of beta oxidation. The degree of suppression of beta oxidation by the malate-aspartate shuttle (NADH oxidation) or by succinate oxidation was dependent on the respiratory state. Both substrates extensively reduced mitochondrial NAD+ and markedly suppressed beta oxidation as respiration approached State 4. Calculations of the rates of flux of hydrogen equivalents through beta oxidation show that the suppression of beta oxidation by glutamate or by the malate-aspartate shuttle is accounted for by increased flux of reducing equivalents through mitochondrial malic dehydrogenase. This increased Flux is accompanied by an increase in the steady state NADH/NAD+ ratio and a marked decrease in the synthesis of citrate. The alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle was reconstituted with mitochondria isolated from rats treated with L-thyroxine. This shuttle was about equal to the reconstructed malate-aspartate shuttle in supression of palmitylcarnitine oxidation. This interaction could not be demonstrated in euthyroid animals owing to the low activity of the mitochondrial alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. It is concluded that beta oxidation can be regulated by the NADH/NAD+ ratio. The observed stimulation of flux through malate dehydrogenase both by glutamate and by the malate-aspartate shuttle results in an increased steady state NADH/NAD+ ratio, and is linked to a stoichiometric outward transport of aspartate. We suggest, therefore, that some of the reducing pressure exerted by the malate-aspartate shuttle and by glutamate plus malate is provided through the energy-linked, electrogenic transport of aspartate out of the mitochondria. These results are discussed with respect to the mechanism of the genesis of ethanol-induced fatty liver. PMID- 1245473 TI - Structure and function of initiation complexes which accumulate during inhibition of protein synthesis by fluoride ion. AB - Incubation of the reticulocyte lysate cell-free system with KF results in the accumulation in polysomes of complexes containing deacylated tRNAMet and of complexes which can initiate globin chains in the presence of aurintricarboxylate. Degradation of these polysomes with T1RNase yields both 40 S and 80 S particles, and tRNAMet is found in both of these fractions. When the 80 S particles are reincubated with the soluble fraction of the lysate plus reagents for protein synthesis, short peptides which have the properties of the NH2 terminal regions of globin are synthesized de novo. These peptides are deficient in NH2-terminal methionine, but occur under conditions where nascent globin peptides of comparable length, containing NH2-terminal methionine, are completely protected from the methionine aminopeptidase. PMID- 1245474 TI - Reaction of tetranitromethane with lutropin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. AB - Tetranitromethane reaction with intact ovine lutropin and its isolated subunits was studied using spectrophotometric measurements, amino acid analysis, and isolation of tyrosyl peptides. Tyrosyl residues in the beta subunit (beta37, beta59) did not react with tetranitromethane in the intact hormone, but were nitrated in the isolated subunit. The sequence and extent of reaction of tetranitromethane with the tyrosyl residues in the alpha subunit was alpha21 = alpha92 = alpha93 (in intact hormone or isolated subunit) greater than alpha 41 (reacted in isolated subunit only) greater than alpha 30 (reacted in isolated subunit in 8 M urea only). Polymerization was observed as a side reaction in agreement with previous studies. The degree of polymerization appeared to be related to both primary sequence and tertiary structure, and for lutropin had the relation: alpha subunit (93% polymerized) greater than intact hormone greater than beta subunit (less than 40%). Polymerization observed with vasopressin was significantly greater than with oxytocin; for these peptides the tyrosine residues in the monomeric product were converted to 3-nitrotyrosine. Neither 3 nitrotyrosine nor tyrosine was detected in the polymerized by-products. In the tetranitromethane reaction with intact ovine lutropin, other reaction products charcterized by absorption spectra were found. Peptides isolated from these products lacked the characteristic 428 nm abosrption maxima of 3-nitrotyrosyl peptides and showed instead absorption in the 310 to 350 nm region. Similar products from tetranitromethane reactions with di- and tripeptides containing tyrosine have been observed previously (Boyd, N.D., and Smith, D.B. (1971) Can. J. Biochem, 49, 154-161), but they have not been studied in proteins. A possible relationship to the polymerization side reaction is suggested. PMID- 1245475 TI - Effect of selective nitration of ovine lutropin on the subunit association and biological activity of the hormone. AB - Different nitrated lutropin (LH) subunits were tested for their abilities to recombine with their counterpart subunits. (A detailed description of the preparations tested is presented in the preceding paper (Burleigh, B. D., Liu, W.K., and Ward, D.N. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 308-315).) The results indicated that the fully nitrated beta subunit of ovine LH (oLHBeta) (diatyrosyl oHbeta) can combine with the alpha subunit of ovine LH (oLHalpha) as wen which tyrosine residues alpha21, alpha41, alpha93 are modified) recombined partially with oLHbeta yielding about 40% as recombined product under specified recombination conditions. The fully nitrated oLHalpha (pentaatyrosyl oLH) combined poorly with oLHbeta and only 20 to 25% was obtained as the recombined product. The various nitrated LH and recombined LH derivatives containing separately nitrated subunits were tested for their potency in an in vitro radioligand assay and their in vivo biological potency in the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay. In the radioligand assay, the monoatyrosyl oLH and the oLHalpha + diatyrosyl oLHbeta were the most active derivatives and had about the same competitive inhibtion curves as that of oLHalpha + oLHbeta. Diatyrosyl oLH had intermediate native potency and the triatyrosyl oLH, tetraatyrosyl oLH + OLHbeta, and pentaatyrosyl oLHalpha + oLHbeta were the least active derivatives in this series. No tetranitromethane-modified LH derivative in our study was completely devoid of the specific binding activity in the radioligand assay. At a dosage of 1000-fold excess over the 125I-labeled oH, all the preparations tested in this series completely inhibited the specific binding of 125I-labeled oLH to the hormone receptors in rat testis preparations. In the in vivo ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay, both the monoatyrosyl oLH and oLHalpha + diatyrosyl oLHbeta retained about 50% of its original activity; the diatyrosyl oLH and triatyrosyl oLH had about 10% of the activity and the recombined products of tetraatyrosyl oHalpha + oLHbeta and pentaatyrosyl oLHalpha + oLHbeta showed virtually no activity. Based on the results obtained from this paper and the preceding paper, the role of the individual tyrosine residues in oLH is assessed. PMID- 1245476 TI - Rat liver pyruvate carboxylase. Inhibition by chromium nucleotide complexes. AB - The effect of inert coordination complexes of chromium (III) with various nucleotides on the catalytic activity of rat liver pyruvate carboxylase was determined. The chromium nucleotides are effective initial inhibitors of pyruvate carboxylase and the inhibition becomes more severe with time. The initial rate decreases for several minutes, reaching a new slower rate that is then maintained until considerable net reaction occurs. Incubation of the enzyme with chromium nucleotides in the presence of Mg2+ and HCO3- causes maximal inhibition of the reaction and linear initial rates are then observed. This effect is similar to that found with yeast hexokinase (Dannenberg, K.D., and Cleland, W.W. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 28-39). The specificity of the carboxylase toward the nucleotide complexes suggests that the alpha and beta nucleotide phosphates are as important as the gamma phosphate in binding to the enzyme. A stable pyruvate carboxylase chromium nucleotide complex was not observed. These results are quite different from those found with yeast hexokinase where a stable complex between CrATP, sugar, and enzyme is found and hexokinase appears to be specific toward the beta, gamma phosphates of its nucleotide substrates. PMID- 1245477 TI - A new vitamin K-dependent protein. Purification from bovine plasma and preliminary characterization. AB - Four proteins active in blood coagulation have long been known to require vitamin K for their proper biosynthesis: factors II, VII, IX, and X. This paper describes the purification of a hitherto unrecognized vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein from bovine plasma. The biosynthesis of this protein is interfered with by the vitamin K antagonist Dicoumarol. The molecular weight of the protein is approximately 56,000 and, like factor X, it has two polypeptide chains. The light chain binds Ca2+. Its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence is homologous to the NH2-terminal sequences of the other vitamin K-dependent proteins and it contains vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. The biological function of this protein is unknown. PMID- 1245478 TI - Inhibition of pancreatic lipase B activity by taurodeoxycholate and its reversal by colipase. AB - In our two-phase reaction system taurodexycholate prevents the adsorption of pancreatic lipase B to the nonaqueous phase. Our data are consistent with a mechanism for this reaction which involves the cooperative formation of an enzyme (bile salt)4 complex in solution with a dissociation constant of 1.4 X 10(-15)M4. Whereas the free enzyme is readily adsorbed to a bile salt-substrate-covered surface, the complex is not. Thus, the "inhibition" of substrate hydrolysis occurs because enzyme and substrate are separated physically. The protein cofactor, colipase, reverses the inhibitory effects of bile salt by providing a high affinity binding site at the interface for the lipase-(bile salt)4 complex. Steady state and presteady state kinetic data are consistent with the formation of a complex with a 1/1, lipase/colipase, ratio, and a dissociation constant of 0.4 to 2.8 X 10(-9)M. The rate of adsorption of lipase to adsorbed colipase appears to be controlled by diffusion through the unstirred layer with a second order rate constant of 1.3 X 10(6)M-1S-1. PMID- 1245479 TI - Metabolism and biologica. AB - 24R,24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is capable of inducing a minimal intestinal calcium transport response in chicks when compared to an equal amount of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3. 1,24,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3 is also less active than 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, and its activity is much shorter lived than that of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. A comparison of the metabolism of 25-hydroxy[26,27 3H]vitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxy[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 in the rat and chick shows that 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 disappear at least 10 times more rapidly from the blood and intestine of chicks. Furthermore, examination of the excretory products from both of these species demonstrates that chicks receiving a single dose of 24,25-dihydroxy[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 excrete 66% of the total radioactivity by 48 hours, whereas rats receiving the same dose excrete less than one-half that amount. These results demonstrate that 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is considerably less biologically active in the chick than in the rat, probably due to more rapid metabolism and excretion. PMID- 1245480 TI - Zinc-chloride ion exchange rates in carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 1245481 TI - Acetylation of 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoic acid by an acetyltransferase purified from Candida bogoriensis. AB - Acetyl-coenzyme A: 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoic acid (Glc2HDA) acetyltransferase was purified 14-fold in low yield from Candida bogoriensis cells. The enzyme catalyzes acetylation of the 6' and 6" positions of the sophorosyl group, producing the 13-[2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-docosanoic acid 6',6"-diacetate (Ac2Glc2HDA) and monoacetate (AcGlc2HDA) in a product ratio of 5:1. Neither the purification steps nor heat denaturation studies indicated separation of the first and second acetylation steps. The acetyltransferase has a molecular weight of about 500,000 as determined by gel filtration on a Sepharose 4-B column. It shows a pH optimum range from 7 to 9, is strongly inhibited by 1 mM concentrations of the sulfhydryl reagents N-ethylmaleimide, p hydroxymercuribenzoate, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), but only partly inhibited by 10 mM iodoacetamide. It has an apparent Km of 30 muM for acetyl-CoA, utilizes propionyl-CoA at 45% the rate of acetyl-CoA, and utilizes longer chain acyl-CoA derivatives much less efficiently. The critical micelle concentrations of the C. bogoriensis glycolipids in pH 7.7 phosphate buffer were estimated by pinacyanol chloride binding as follows: Glc2HDA, 50 mum; AcGlc2HDA, 30 muM; Ac2Glc2HDA, 12 muM. The Stokes radius of Ac2Glc2HDA micelles was 22 A as estimated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-150. Glc2HDA was a much better acceptor than its methyl ester in the acetyltransferase assay. A plateau in the Glc2HDA saturation curve at 50 muM and a corresponding break in the reciprocal plot at this concentration indicate the enzyme utilizes the monomeric form of this lipid as substrate. PMID- 1245482 TI - Hydrolysis of 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoic acid esters by acetyl- and carboxylesterases isolated from Candida bororiensis. AB - Two enzymes have been isolated from Candida bogoriensis which catalyze the hydrolysis of 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoic acid (Glc2HDA) esters obtained from this organism. The 6',6"-diacetyl derivative of Glc2HDA (Ac2Glc2HDA) is hydrolyzed by an acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6) which has been purified 1300-fold. The acetylesterase has a molecular weight of 35,000 estimated from gel filtration, and is much more active with p-nitrophenyl acetate than with the acetylated glycolipid. The rate of hydrolysis increases with Ac2Glc2HDA concentration until a plateau is reached at a concentration of about 40 muM, near the critical micelle concentration of this glycolipid. These kinetic data are interpreted as an enzyme specificity for the monomeric, but not the micellar form of the glycolipid. The acetylesterase is inhibited by 0.1 to 10 mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate, 5 mM p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and 5 mM N-ethylmaleimide, but only slightly by 5 mM iodoacetamide. The methyl ester of Ac2Glc2HDA is hydrolyzed by at least two carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1) which differ in size according to gel filtration. Their molecular weights are estimated as 140,000 for carboxyesterase A and 40,000 for carboxyesterase B. Both carboxylesterases were purified over 20-fold, and carboxylesterase A was characterized further. Carboxylesterase A activity was inhibited completely by 0.1 to 10 mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate and by 10 mM p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, but only slightly by lower concentrations of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or by N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide. The carboxylesterase A preparation also acted as a thioesterase with palmityl-CoA (palmityl-CoA hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.2), showing the following approximate relative activities: palmityl-CoA, 100; octanoyl-CoA, 90; methyl Glc2HD, 22; butyryl-CoA, 18; methyl AcGlc2HD, 15; methyl Ac2Glc2HD, 10; and acetyl-CoA, O. Methyl Ac2Glc2HD showed some substrate inhibition at higher concentrations, but neither methyl Ac2Glc2HD nor palmityl-CoA approached enzyme saturation until well above their critical micelle concentrations, indicating hydrolysis of the micellar substrate was occurring. The carboxylesterase and palmityl-CoA hydrolase activities were destroyed in a parallel fashion by heat denaturation, and each substrate inhibited the action of the preparation on the other substrate, but the preparation has not been purified sufficiently to establish with certainty that both activities reside in the same protein. PMID- 1245483 TI - Reaction of haptoglobin with hemoglobin covalently cross-linked between the alpha beta dimers. AB - Hemoglobin tetramers which cannot split into alphabeta dimers, because they are covalently cross-linked between the beta chains across the polyphosphate binding site, form complexes with haptoglobin. The reaction is biphasic as measured by fluorescence quenching and peroxidase activity. A complex in which one of the alpha beta dimers of the cross-linked hemoglobin is bound to one of the sites in the divalent haptoglobin molecule, is formed reversibly during the initial fast phase. In the subsequent slower step, this product then either polymerizes, adds another cross-linked hemoglobin molecule or, in the presence of excess haptoglobin, combines with a second haptoglobin molecule. This latter complex, in which two haptoglobin molecules are bridged by a cross-linked hemoglobin tetramer, can still combine with normal alpha beta dimers at the vacant haptoglobin combining sites. In spite of the very low oxygen affinity of the cross-linked hemoglobin, combination with haptoglobin shifts if oxygen affinity to the very high value of the normal hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. PMID- 1245484 TI - Linear structure of the oligosaccharide chains in alpha1-protease inhibitor isolated from human plasma. AB - Two glycopeptides present in equal amounts were isolated from a pronase digest of alpha1-protease inhibitor of human plasma by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The carbohydrate side chains in both glycopeptides are linked through asparaginyl residues. The glycopeptides were digested sequentially with specific glycosidases; and after each step, the released sugars as well as the composition of the residual peptides were determined. The linear structures of these glycopeptides deduced from these data are shown below. Based on the total carbohydrate content of the intact protein and with these structural data, it is postulated that 4 oligosaccharide units are attached to 1 molecule of the protein; 2 of these were represented as in Equation 1, the other 2 as in Equation 2. PMID- 1245485 TI - Properties of ecto-(inoganic) pyrophosphatase of nervous system cells in culture. Activation upon partial release of sialic acid from the cell surface. AB - Clonal line NN hamster astroblasts and clonal line N18 neuroblasts were treated with phospholipase C-free, protease-free, and hemolysin-free Clostridium perfringens sialidase, at a low level (5 X 10(-3) units/ml) so as to maintain cell intactness and to avoid spurious protein effects. A rapid, regular release of sialic acid was achieved. An approximately 9-fold increase in ecto pyrophosphatase activity could be brought about by action of C. perfringens sialidase for 10 min. Since the sialidase preparations were employed at a level which gave a very low concentration of extraneous protein, and the preparations were free of demonstrable phospholipase C and protease activities, these effects appear to relate specifically to removal of cell surface sialic acid. Neutral p nitrophenyl phosphatase was activated under the same conditions, but activity remained low compared with pyrophosphatase. Progress curves for activation of the two enzymes were dissimilar. Ecto-pyrophosphatase of NN and N18 cells had an absolute requirement for Mg2+ both before and after removal of cell surface sialic acid. In the presence of near optimum Mg2+ (5 mM), other divalent cations were inhibitory at a low level (10(-1)mM). The effect of Mg2+ concentration, as well as inorganic pyrophosphate concentration, upon ecto-pyrophosphatase activity was shown to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the control activity and for the sialidase-enhanced activity of both cell types. Km for Mg2+ and for pyrophosphate remained constant upon ecto-pyrophosphatase enhancement by sialic acid removal; increase in enzymatic activity was accounted for entirely by an increase in Vmax. PMID- 1245486 TI - External labeling of human erythrocyte glycoproteins. Studies with galactose oxidase and fluorography. AB - Glycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane were labeled with tritiated sodium borohydride after oxidation of terminal galactosyl and N acetylgalactosaminyl residues with galactose oxidase. After separation of the polypeptides on polyacrylamide slab gels, a scintillator was introduced into the gel, and the radioactive proteins were visualed by autoradiography (fluorography). The following results were obtained. (a) The erythrocyte membrane contains at least 20 glycoproteins, many of which are minor components. (b) The carbohydrate of all the labeled glycoproteins is exposed only to the outside, since no additional glycoproteins can be labeled in isolated unsealed ghosts. (c) The membrane contains two major groups of glycoproteins. The first group of proteins contains sialic acids linked to the penultimate galactosyl/N acetylgalactosaminyl residues, which are efficiently labeled only after pretreatment with neuraminidase. The second group has terminal galactosyl/N acetylgalactosaminyl residues which can be easily labeled without neuraminidase treatment. The glycoproteins from fetal erythrocytes all belong to the first group, whereas only five glycoproteins of erythrocytes from adults belong. (d) Trypsin cleaves the proteins containing sialic acids, and fragments containing carbohydrate remain tightly bound and exposed in the membrane. (e) Pronase cleaves Band 3 in addition to the sialic acid containing glycoproteins, but most of the glycoproteins still remain unmodified in the membrane. (f) No difference is seen between membrane glycoproteins from cells of different ABH blood groups. PMID- 1245487 TI - Effect of estrogen on gene expression in the chick oviduct. In vitro transcription of the ovalbumin gene in chromatin. AB - RNA was transcribed from chromatin isolated from chick oviduct and spleen by using RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. RNA was also transcribed from whole chick DNA using E. coli RNA polymerase. DNA complementary to ovalbumin messenger RNA (cDNAov) was then used as a hybridization probe to estimate the concentration of ovalbumin messenger RNA sequences (mRNAov) in these in vitro transcripts. Although chromatin from unstimulated chick oviduct was capable of substantial RNA synthesis, no detectable mRNAov sequences could be found in the transcript. Likewise, mRNAov sequences could not be found in RNA synthesized from spleen chromatin using E. coli RNA polymerase. However, chromatin from estrogen stimulated chick oviducts was capable of supporting synthesis of ovalbumin mRNA. We estimate that approximately 0.01% of the RNA synthesized from estrogen stimulated chromatin was mRNAov sequences. When RNA synthesized from chick DNA was tested with the cDNAov probe, mRNAov sequences could be detected in a concentration of approximately 10% that found in the RNA transcript from estrogen stimulated chromatin. This was as expected if the ovalbumin gene is considered to be in the "open or derepressed" region of the estrogen-stimulated oviduct chromatin. Chromatin isolated from chicks withdrawn from hormone for 12 days was only capable of supporting mRNAov synthesis in vitro at a level of 5 to 10% of that observed in chromatin prepared from estrogen-stimulated chicks, thus indicating the requirement for estrogen to maintain the ovalbumin gene in the available or "open" state in the majority of oviduct cells. These data militate against post-transcriptional control as the primary mechanism of steroid hormone regulation of specific mRNA synthesis in the chick oviduct system, and favor primary gene derepression as the most likely mechanism for estrogen induction of ovalbumin synthesis. PMID- 1245488 TI - The physical mapping of bacteriophage T5 transfer tRNAs. AB - Transfer RNAs, isolated from Escherichia coli F cells infected with T5 bacteriophage, were charged with radioactive amino acids and used in RNA-DNA hybridization studies to detect and locate T5 tRNA cistrons in the T5 DNA chromosome. Hybridization of 14 3H-aminoacyl-tRNA species, including purified T5 [35S]Met-tRNAm and [35S]Met-tRNAf, to the separated strands of T5+ DNA indicates that most, if not all, of the T5 tRNAs are transcribed from the continuous heavy strand of T5 DNA. Heteroduplex mapping of eight mutant T5 DNA deletions has enabled us to locate and determine the size of these deleted segments. By correlating this information with the presence and absence of specific tDNA sequences in these mutants, as determined by tRNA-DNA hybridization, we were able to define the physical limits of four tDNA-containing loci along the T5 DNA molecule. A physical map for 15 tRNA species examined indicates that the structural genes for these tRNAs are clustered within a segment length of T5 DNA that represents approximately 11.2% of the total wild type T5 DNA. The existence of the deletion mutants indicates that T5 tRNAs are dispensable for T5 replication under the growth conditions and for the host employed. PMID- 1245490 TI - A method for describing the motion of biological systems. PMID- 1245489 TI - Proteins of Friend leukemia cells. Comparison of hemoglobin-synthesizing and noninduced populations. AB - Proteins of Friend leukemia cells induced to form large amounts of hemoglobin by dimethylsulfoxide treatment were compared with proteins from noninduced cells by high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Approximately 98% of more than 500 proteins separated by this technique were qualitatively and quantitatively the same in both cell populations. Changes representing more than 50% of the control cell amount were detected in six non-histone chromosomal proteins, two nucleoplasmic proteins, and three cytoplasmic proteins. It is concluded that dimethylsulfoxide induces an extremely specific pattern of erythroid differentiation in these cells, which should be susceptible to detailed analysis. Comparison of protein patterns from Friend leukemia cells and HeLa cells revealed electrophoretic identity of approximately 20% of cytoplasmic proteins and 50% of non-histone chromosomal proteins. PMID- 1245491 TI - Mechanical similarities between alternate osteons and cross-ply laminates. PMID- 1245492 TI - A comparative experimental study of stresses in femoral total hip replacement components: the effects of prosthesis orientation and acrylic fixation. PMID- 1245493 TI - Density changes in enamel after decalcification. PMID- 1245494 TI - Theoretical evidence for the generation of high pressure in bone cells. PMID- 1245495 TI - Moving patterns of point of application of vertical resultant force during level walking. PMID- 1245496 TI - Cardiac wounds: experience based on a series of 121 operated cases. PMID- 1245497 TI - Proceedings: Anastomotic aneurysms after vascular reconstruction: Problems of incidence, etiology and treatment. PMID- 1245498 TI - Proceedings: Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas and false aneurysms: a review of 515 lesions. PMID- 1245499 TI - Proceedings: Management of arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 1245500 TI - Proceedings: An index of healing in below-knee amputation: leg blood pressure by Doppler ultrasound. PMID- 1245501 TI - Surgical indication and results in ventricular septal defect associated with severe pulmonary hypertension. AB - Sixty-four patients with large ventricular septal defects and severe pulmonary hypertension form the basis of this report. Prior to the end of 1970, 35 patients with a ratio of pulmonary to systemic artery pressure (pp/ps) of 0.8 or more were subjected to primary closure of the defect, resulting in 11 operative deaths Since the beginning of 1971, until March, 1974, however, the surgical results have markedly improved and 29 such patients were operated on without death. It has been our principle to perform elective closure of the defect at the age of 1 to 3 years. An earlier operation was planned when a decrease in the apical diastolic rumble and the size of the enlarged left ventricle on the chest x-ray were found on the periodical observation since infancey. If cardiac failure could not be controlled with medical treatment, primary closure of the defect has been performed even under one year of age. PMID- 1245502 TI - Total drainage of the right lung into the right hepatic vein. AB - Report of a case oa anomalous venous drainage of the right lung into the right hepatic vein treated by disconnection of the anomalous pulmonary vein and end-to side anastomosis to the left atrium. Following a review of 25 surgically treated patients with infracardiac drainage of the right lung the different surgical approaches are discussed. PMID- 1245503 TI - Blood and tissue silicone in extracorporeal circulation. AB - A new method for the determination of blood and tissue contents of silicone by atomic absorption spectrophotometry is described. Silicone was found in the blood, probably as droplets, in each of 14 patients undergoing open-heart surgery with the aid of a bubble oxygenator. In five fatal cases the brains and kidneys contained silicone. Although the clinical significance of the silicone embolization is unclear precautions should be taken to reduce the release of silicone from the extracorporealoxygenating devices. PMID- 1245504 TI - Counterpulsation in experimental cardiogenic shock with ventricular arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic effect of morphine. AB - In two groups of dogs a cardiogenic shock was induced and their circulation assisted by counterpulsation. In the second group aside from the counterpulsation, 4 mgrs/Kg of morphine was administered when stable ventricular arrhythmias appeared. Morphine showed to eliminate the ventricular arrhythmias in three cases and lessened them considerably in one, permitting better assistance with a counterpulsator. PMID- 1245505 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - The dangers of any abdominal aortic aneurysm are discussed, and the disastrous combination of an aneurysm and abdominal pain emphasised. These anerysms can be divided into 4 groups. The presentation and operative mortality for each group is discussed, as is the long term survival, state of the peripheral circulation and general health after operation. How results can be improved is considered. It is concluded that all such aneyrysms should be operated upon because of the good immediate and long term results in comparison with those not operated upon. PMID- 1245506 TI - Surgical treatment of aorto-iliac occlusive disease. AB - The results of 177 reconstructions for aorto-iliac occlusive disease are presented. All operation, and evaluations of immediate and long term results obtained, were performed by one surgeon. Two basic techniques, endarterectomy and synthetic grafts were used. The results were assessed by the life table method. At ten years there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Endarterectomy, and graft insertion appear to be complementing each other, rather than representing two different modalities of therapy. The importance of thorough evaluation of the cerebral and coronary circulation prior to reconstruction of the aorto-iliac segment is emphasized. PMID- 1245507 TI - The value of arteriography of the hand in the Raynaud's syndrome. AB - The hand arteriograms of 18 patients with Raynaud's syndrome are reviewed. In 17 of the patients the arteriographic abnormality consists of digital artery occlusions, collaterals and diminished vascularity of the tips of the affected fingers. These changes are non-specific and do not correlate with the clinically diagnosed underlying arterial disease. The results of upper thoracie sympathectomy are unrelated to the type or severity of the angiographic changes. It is suggested that hand arteriography has little place in the diagnosis or management of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Arteriography is only of value to demonstrate a proximal source of digital emboli. PMID- 1245508 TI - Proceedings: Prognostic indicators in femoropopliteal reconstructions. PMID- 1245509 TI - Proceedings: An analysis of cross over femoro-femoral grafts followed five years of more. PMID- 1245510 TI - Proceedings: Temporary by-pass grafts for aortic replacement surgery. PMID- 1245511 TI - Proceedings: The natural history of aorto-bilateral femoral by-pass grafts for lower ejxtremity ischemia. PMID- 1245512 TI - Proceedings: A simple direct method of measuring tissue pressure and it applications in ascertaining the necessity of fasciotomy. PMID- 1245513 TI - Proceedings: Carotid endarterectomy for non-hemispheric transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 1245514 TI - Proceedings: Aortorenal arterial autografts: late observations. PMID- 1245516 TI - Proceedings: Post-phlebitic syndrome. Cure by surgical repair of the incompetent femoral value. PMID- 1245515 TI - Proceedings: Renal artery aneurysms: significance of macroaneurysms exclusive of dissectionns and fibrodysplastic mural dilatations. PMID- 1245518 TI - Proceedings: Retroperitoneal approach for portosystemic decompression. PMID- 1245517 TI - Proceedings: Changes in blood viscosity and plasma proteins with Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 1245519 TI - Proceedings: Surgical management of injuries of the popliteal artery and associated structures. PMID- 1245520 TI - Proceedings: Unusual manifestations of penetrating cardiac injuries. PMID- 1245521 TI - Proceedings: Physiologic and angiographic evaluation of severe left ventricular power failure to determine feasibility of cardiac surgery. PMID- 1245522 TI - Proceedings: Topical myocardial coolings: an intensive laboratory investigation. PMID- 1245523 TI - Proceedings: Experimental evaluation of coronary infusates in dogs. PMID- 1245524 TI - Proceedings: Palliation of tricuspid atresia. PMID- 1245525 TI - Proceedings: Surgical treatment of atrio-ventriculat canal. PMID- 1245526 TI - Prodeedings: Prosthetic valve replacement in children. PMID- 1245527 TI - Proceedings: Aortic insufficiency secondary to aortic root aneurysm and/or dissection. PMID- 1245528 TI - Proceedings: Clinical and laboratory evaluation of mitral valve replacement with the Hancock Stablized Glutaraldehyde valve. PMID- 1245529 TI - Proceedings: An automated system to identify regional myocardial damage at operation. PMID- 1245530 TI - Proceedings: Surgical management of stenosed large interventricular septal artery. PMID- 1245532 TI - Proceedings: Unusual problems of venous thrombosis. PMID- 1245531 TI - Proceedings; Rejection and repair of endothelium in major vessel transplants. PMID- 1245533 TI - Proceedings: The effectiveness and mechanism of collagen induced topical hemostasis. PMID- 1245534 TI - Proceedings: The occluded renal artery. PMID- 1245535 TI - Proceedings: Flow and pressure characteristics of the portal system before and after spleno-renal shunts. PMID- 1245536 TI - Proceeding: Surgical management of penetrating injuries to the coronary arteries. PMID- 1245537 TI - Proceedings: Role of coronary artery surgery in patients surviving unexpected cardiac arrest. PMID- 1245538 TI - Proceedings: Correction of truncus arteriosus in patients with prior banding of the pulmonary artery. PMID- 1245539 TI - Proceedings: An evaluation of electroencephalographic monitoring for cartotid surgery. PMID- 1245540 TI - Proceedings: Two years experience with nuclear pacemakers. PMID- 1245541 TI - Proceedings: Intermittent claudication: its natural course. PMID- 1245542 TI - DNA denaturation in situ. Effect of divalent cations and alcohols. AB - Heat denaturation profiles of rat thymus DNA, in intact cells, reveal the presence of two main DNA fractions differing in sensitivities to heat. The thermosensitive DNA fraction shows certain properties similar to those of free DNA: its stability to heat is decreased by alcohols and is increased in the presence of the divalent cations Ca2+, Mn2+, or Mg2+ at concentrations of 0.1-1.0 mM. Unlike free DNA, however, this fraction denatures over a wide range of temperature, and is heterogeneous, consisting of at least two subfractions with different melting points. The thermoresistant DNA fraction shows lowered stability to heat in the presence of Ca2+, Mn2+, or Mg2+ and increased stability in the presence of alcohols. It denatures within a relatively narrow range of temperature, consists of at least three subfractions, and, most likely, represents DNA masked by histones. The effect of Ca2+, Mn2+, or Mg2+ in lowering the melting point of the thermoresistant DNA fraction is seen at cation concentrations comparable to those required to maintain gross chromatin structure in cell nuclei or to support superhelical DNA conformation in isolated chromatin (0.5-1.0 mM). It is probable that factors involved in the maintenance of gross chromatin organization in situ and/or related to DNA superhelicity also have a role in modulating DNA-histone interactions, and that DNA-protein interactions as revealed by conventional methods using isolated chromatin may be different from those revealed when gross chromatin morphology remains intact. PMID- 1245543 TI - Compositional studies of myofibrils from rabbit striated muscle. AB - The localization of high-molecular-weight (80,000-200,000-daltons) proteins in the sarcomere of striated muscle has been studied by coordinated electron microscopic and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoretic analysis of native myofilaments and extracted and digested myofibrils. Methods were developed for the isolation of thick and thin filaments and of uncontracted myofibrils which are devoid of endoproteases and membrane fragments. Treatment of crude myofibrils with 0.5% Triton X-100 results in the release of a 110,000-dalton component without affecting the myofibrillar structure. Extraction of uncontracted myofibrils with a relaxing solution of high ionic strength results in the complete disappearance of the A band and M line. In this extract, five other protein bands in addition to myosin are resolved on SDS gels: bands M 1 (190,000 daltons) and M 2 (170,000 daltons), which are suggested to be components of the M line; M 3 (150,000 daltons), a degradation product; and a doublet M 4, M 5 (140,000 daltons), thick-filament protein having the same mobility as C protein. Extraction of myofibrils with 0.15% deoxycholate, previously shown to remove Z-line density, releases a doublet Z 1, Z 2 (90,000 daltons) with the same mobility as alpha-actinin, as well as proteins of 60,000 daltons and less, and small amounts of M 1, M 2, M 4, and M 5; these proteins were not extracted with 0.5% Triton X-100. The C, M-line, and Z-line proteins and/or their binding to myofibrils are very sensitive to tryptic digestion, whereas the M 3 (150,000 daltons) component and an additional band at 110,000 daltons are products of proteolysis. Gentle treatment of myofibrils with an ATP relaxing solution results in the release of thick and thin myofilaments which can be pelleted by 100,000-g centrifugation. These myofilaments lack M-and Z-line structure when examined with the electron microscope, and their electrophoretograms are devoid of the M 1, M 2, Z 1, and Z 2 bands. The M 4, M 5 (C-protein doublet), and M 3 bands, however, remain associated with the filaments. PMID- 1245544 TI - Role of creatine in the regulation of cardiac protein synthesis. AB - The observation that increased muscular activity leads to muscle hypertrophy is well known, but identification of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms by which this occurs remains an important problem. Experiments have been described (5, 6) which suggest that creatine, an end product of contraction, is involved in the control of contractile protein synthesis in differentiating skeletal muscle cells and may be the chemical signal coupling increased muscular activity and the increased muscular mass. During contraction, the creatine concentration in muscle transiently increases as creatine phosphate is hydrolyzed to regenerate ATP. In isometric contraction in skeletal muscle for example, Edwards and colleagues (3) have found that nearly all of the creatine phosphate is hydrolyzed. In this case, the creatine concentration is increased about twofold, and it is this transient change in creatine concentration which is postulated to lead to increased contractile protein synthesis. If creatine is found in several intracellular compartments, as suggested by Lee and Vissher (7), local changes in concentration may be greater then twofold. A specific effect on contractile protein synthesis seems reasonable in light of the work of Rabinowitz (13) and of Page et al. (11), among others, showing disproportionate accumulation of myofibrillar and mitochondrial proteins in response to work-induced hypertrophy and thyroxin stimulated growth. Previous experiments (5, 6) have shown that skeletal muscles cells which have differentiated in vitro or in vivo synthesize myosin heavy-chain and actin, the major myofibrillar polypeptides, faster when supplied creatine in vitro. The stimulation is specific for contractile protein synthesis since neither the rate of myosin turnover nor the rates of synthesis of noncontractile protein and DNA are affected by creatine. The experiments reported in this communication were undertaken to test whether creatine selectively stimulates contractile protein synthesis in heart as it does in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1245545 TI - Mating in Chlamydomonas: a system for the study of specific cell adhesion. I. Ultrastructural and electrophoretic analyses of flagellar surface components involved in adhesion. AB - To determine the ultrastructural and biochemical bases for flagellar adhesiveness in the mating reaction in Chlamydomonas, gametic and vegetative flagella and flagellar membranes were studied by use of electron microscope and electrophoretic procedures. Negative staining with uranyl acetate revealed no differences in gametic and vegetative flagellar surfaces; both had flagellar membranes, flagellar sheaths, and similar numbers and distributions of mastigonemes. Freezecleave procedures suggested that there may be a greater density of intramembranous particles on the B faces of gametic flagellar membranes than on the B faces of vegetative flagellar membranes. Gamone, the adhesive material that gametes release into their medium, was demonstrated, on the basis of ultrastructural and biochemical analyses, to be composed of flagellar surface components, i.e., membrane vesicles and mastigonemes. Comparison of vegetative (nonadhesive) and gametic (adhesive) "gamones" by use of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed both preparations to be composed of membrane, mastigoneme, and some microtubule proteins, as well as several unidentified protein and carbohydrate-staining components. However, there was an additional protein of approximately 70,000 mol wt in gametic gamone which was not present in vegetative gamone. When gametic gamone was separated into a membrane and a mastigoneme fraction on CSCl gradients, only the membrane fraction had isoagglutinating activity; the mastigoneme fraction was inactive, suggesting that mastigonemes are not involved in adhesion. PMID- 1245546 TI - Mating in Chlamydomonas: a system for the study of specific cell adhesion. II. A radioactive flagella-binding assay for quantitation of adhesion. AB - To measure the flagellar adhesiveness of Chlamydomonas gametes in a more quantitative manner than agglutination assays permit, a binding assay was developed which measured the binding of radioactive flagella of one mating type to unlabeled gametes of the opposite mating type. With the appropriate assay conditions, the number of [3H] flagella specifically bound was shown to be proportional to the number of cells in the incubation mixture and, therefore, to the number of binding sites that were present. The assay was used to study the effects of trypsin treatment on the loss and development of flagellar binding sites. It was shown that after trypsin treatment at least 9 h were required for the return of a full complement of binding sites to the flagellar surface; moreover, the results indicated that these sites reappeared on existing, extended flagella. PMID- 1245547 TI - Vitamin-A-induced mucous metaplasia. An in vitro system for modulating tight and gap junction differentiation. AB - Stratified squamous epithelia from 14-day chick embryo shank skin contain rare tight-junctional strands and only small gap junctions. Exposure of this tissue to retinoic acid (vitamin-A) (20 U/ml) in organ culture, however, induces mucous metaplasia, accompanied by tight-junction formation and gap-junction growth; untreated specimens continue to keratinize. To investigate sequential stages of junctional assembly and growth, we examined thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas at daily intervals for 3 days. During the metaplastic process, tight junctions assemble in midepidermal and upper regions, beginning on day 1 and becoming maximal on day 3. Two tight-junctional patterns could be tentatively identified as contributing to the emergence of fully formed zonulae occludentes: (a) the formation of individual ridges along the margins of gap junctions; (b) de novo generation of continuous ramifying strands by fusion of short strand segments and linear particulate aggregates near cellular apices. Gap junction enlargement, already maximal at day 1, occurs primarily three to four cell layers deep. Growth appears to occur by annexation of islands of 20-40 8.5-nm particles into larger lattices of islands separated by particle-free aisles. Eventually, a single gap junction may occupy much of the exposed membrane face in freeze fractured tissue, but during apical migration of the cells such junctions disappear. The vitamin- A chick-skin system is presented as a responsive model for the controlled study of junction assembly. PMID- 1245548 TI - Localization of actin filaments in internodal cells of characean algae. A scanning and transmission electron microscope study. AB - New methods of visualizing subcortical actin filament bundles, or fibrils, in Characean internodes confirm that they are associated with chloroplasts at the surface facing the streaming endoplasm, and reveal that they are continuous over long distances. With the scanning electron microscope, an average of four to six fibrils are seen bridging a file of chloroplasts. The same configuration appears in negatively stained preparations of large blocks of chloroplast files connected by actin fibrils. Few branches of the subcortical fibrils are evident. These findings are discussed with respect to the mechanism of cytoplasmic streaming in Characeae. PMID- 1245549 TI - Sorting out of normal and virus-transformed cells in cellular aggregates. AB - The sorting-out behavior (self-segregation of two cell types from mixtures of the two) of five different established cell lines was studied. Eight of the ten possible binary combinations of these lines, cultured as cellular aggregates, were examined. Mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells sorted out internally to the corresponding malignant SV40 virus-transformed 3T3 cells. The transformed 3T3 line (SVT-2) did not sort out from a revertant line selected from SVT-2 cells by resistance to concanavalin A (con A). The revertant cells sorted out externally to the parent BALB/c 3T3 cells, although segregation was generally incomplete. BALB/c 3T3 cells did not sort out from another contact-inhibited line of 3T3 cells derived from Swiss albino mice (Swiss 3T3). Both BALB/c 3T3 and Swiss 3T3 cells sorted out from cells of the contact-inhibited hamster line, NIL B. Instead of a two-layered sphere, however, a three-layered structure was observed with most of the NIL B cells external to the 3T3 cells, and a few NIL B cells comprising the center of the sphere. On the other hand, NIL B cells did not consistently sort out from either the SVT-2 or con A cells. In general, sorting out between pairs of these five lines are slower and less complete than is generally observed between the more extensively studied chick embryonic tissue cells, suggesting that the cultured cells may be more closely related in their adhesive properties. The internal segregation of BALB/c 3T3 cells relative to SVT-2 cells is consistent with the hypothesis that transformed cells are less adhesive than their nontransformed counterparts. PMID- 1245550 TI - In vitro fusion of Acanthamoeba phagolysosomes. I. Demonstration and quantitation of vacuole fusion in Acanthamoeba homogenates. AB - Fusion of phagolysosomes (PLs) has been demonstrated to occur in vitro. Two separate cell homogenates of the ameba Acanthamoeba sp. (Neff) were prepared, each rich in PLs labeled with distinctive particulate markers. Portions of each were incubated together in vitro and fusion occurred as evidenced by the appearance of PLs containing both types of markers. Fusion was confirmed by electron microscopy, including serial sectioning. The membranes of fused vacuoles excluded the dye eosin Y. Surviving cells in the homogenates were not responsible for the observed fusion. Fusion was obtained using either synthetic markers (polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene latex) or biological markers (autoclaved yeast cells and glutaraldehyde-fixed goat red blood cells), or a combination of both. The specificity of PL fusion in vivo appeared to be maintained in vitro. As determined by light and electron microscopy, the fusion reaction was dependent on time and temperature, and on the initial presence of membrane around both marker particles. A minimum of 10% of the vacuoles fused by 10 min of incubation at 30 degrees C, and no rupture of the vacuoles was detected during this time. After 10 min of incubation, vacuole rupture began and fusion ceased. At a constant initial vacuole concentration, the extent of PL fusion in vitro was quantitatively reproducible. This appears to be a promising system for further investigation of membrane fusion in the lysosomal system. PMID- 1245551 TI - Fate of ganglionic synapses and ganglion cell axons during normal and induced cell death. AB - In order to understand the significance of cell death in the formation of neural circuits, it is necessary to determine whether before cell death neurons have (a) sent axons to the periphery; (b) reached the proper target organs; and (c) have established synaptic connections with them. Axon counts demonstrated that, after sending out initial axons, ciliary cells sprouted numerous collaterals at the time of peripheral synapse formation. Subsequently, large numbers of axons were lost from the nerves, slightly later than the onset of ganglion cell death. A secondary loss of collaterals later occurred unaccompanied by cell death. Measurements of conduction velocity and axon diameters indicated that all ganglion cell axons grew down the proper pathways from the start, but it was not possible to determine whether all axons had actually formed proper synapses. This was ascertained, however, in the ganglion itself where preganglionic fibres were shown to synapse selectively with all ganglion cells before cell death. During this period, degenerating preganglionic synapses were observed on normal cells. It can therefore be inferred that at least some preganglionics established proper synapses before dying and that a single synapse is not sufficient to prevent cell death. In this system neither preganglionic nor ganglionic cell death seems designed to remove improper connections but rather to remove cells that have not competed effectively for a sufficient number of synapses, resulting in a quantitative matching up of neuron numbers. PMID- 1245552 TI - Glycine-specific synapses in rat spinal cord. Identification by electron microscope autoradiography. AB - Glycine, an inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord, is taken up into specific nerve terminals by means of a unique high-affinity uptake system. In this study, [3H]glycine was directly microinjected into rat ventral horn in vivo and electron microscope autoradiography used to localize the label in various anatomic compartments. Quantiative analysis showed that [3H]glycine labeled a high proportion of axosomatic and axodendritic synapses which presumably act to inhibit spinal motor neurons. PMID- 1245554 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in a hepatoma cell line: preliminary evidence for negative genetic control. AB - A line of cells, positive for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, has been separated from a negative parental stock derived from the H4-II-E-3C rat hepatoma line. Cytogenetic analyses showed specific marker chromsomes of the parent line were present in the variant. On the other hand, cells of the variant line contained three chromosomes less, on the average, than the total present in parent cells. Karyotypic analyses indicated the diminution in chromosome numbers to be in the subacrocentric group. The appearance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with loss of chromosomes suggests this enzyme is suppressed or under negative control in the parental stock. The consistent loss of chromosomes of the subacrocentric group suggests that the locus bearing regulatory activity is in this specific group. PMID- 1245553 TI - Effects of local anesthetics on cell morphology and membrane-associated cytoskeletal organization in BALB/3T3 cells. AB - Tertiary amine local anesthetics (dibucaine, tetracaine, procaine) reversibly affect the morphology of untransformed BALB/3T3 cells and the organization of membrane-associated cytoskeletal elements. In the presence of these drugs cells contract and become rounded in shape with the appearance of numerous surface "blebs." Electron microscope examination of anesthetic-treated cells revealed significant reductions in plasma membrane-associated microtubules and microfilaments and/or their plasma membrane attachment. The relationship of the findings on local anesthetic-induced changes in cellular cytoskeletal systems is discussed in relation to previous proposals on plasma membrane organization and control of cell surface receptor topography and mobility. PMID- 1245555 TI - Calcium-dependent stimulation of BALB/c 3T3 mouse cell DNA synthesis by a tumor promoting phorbol ester (PMA). AB - During the first six passages after their arrival in this laboratory, BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells did not proliferate in serum containing-medium having an ionic calcium concentration of 0.05 mM or less, but by the ninth passage they had become able to multiply in the presence of these lower calcium levels. In low calcium (e.g., 0.02 mM) medium, passage 1-6, cells in sparse cultures were blocked at the Gl/S boundary of their cycle. These blocked cells could be induced to start making DNA within only one hour either by returning the ionic calcium level to a normal range of values (1.25 mM), or by adding 0.05 mug/ml of PMA (12 O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate). PMA probably acted by sensitizing the blocked cells to calcium rather than replacing the ion, because it was ineffective in ionic calcium-free medium. Finally, PMA did not by itself induce proliferation of cells (regardless of the number of passages) which had been proliferatively inactivated by density-dependent factors in confluent cultures. However, PMA did promote DNA synthesis by these cells during their brief transition to the "cycling" state caused by exposure to fresh serum-containing medium. PMID- 1245557 TI - The effect of lanthanum on electrophoretic mobility and passive cation movements of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. AB - We have investigated the effects of La+3 binding to the surface of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells on cell electrophoretic mobility and passive movements of Na+ and K+. Incubation of tumor cells in La+3-containing media results in a La+3 concentration-dependent decrease in net surface charge negativity. At [La+3] greater than 0.5 mM, the net surface charge becomes positive with maximum positivity occurring at [La+3] = 0.9 mM. The effects of La+3 binding on passive Na+ and K+ movements were investigated by following 22Na and K+ losses from ouabain-inhibited cells. Neither low (0.02) nor high (1.0 mM) [La+3] had any effect on the K+ efflux rate coefficient. 22Na losses from control and La+3 treated cells were consistent with washouts from two cellular compartments. Low [La+3] (0.02 mM) was without effect on Na+ losses from the cells. However, higher [La+3] (1.0 mM) resulted in a 48% inhibition of Na+ loss from the more slowly exchanging compartment. These results are not consistent with simple electrostatic interactions exerting a major influence on the passive movements of Na+ and K+. It is suggested that La+3 interacts with sites specific for Na+, perhaps involved in a carrier-mediated exchange system. PMID- 1245556 TI - Evidence contrary to the protein error hypothesis for in vitro senescence. AB - A strain of diploid fibroblasts, obtained from the skin of a male infant, was cultured in vitro and cells were tested throughout their lifespan for the appearance of altered glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) detected either by thermostability studies or by immunotitration. No significant difference was found in the proportion of thermolabile enzyme in 31 young cultures (4.8 +/- 1%, S.E.), in comparison with that in 19 old cultures (4.9 +/- 1%, S.E.). Old cultures had ceased active cell division (49-60 doublings); DNA replication, measured by [3H]thymidine uptake over a period of 24 hours, was limited to less than 5% of these cells. Young cells (5-22 doublings) had a [3H]thymidine labeling index of 75-85%. Titration of G-6-PD activity in extracts of young and old cells with neutralizing antibody directes specifically against G-6-PD failed to detect an increment of enzymatically defective G-6-PD in old cells. The thermostability studies were capable of detecting altered G-6-PD in skin fibroblasts from a female heterozygous for a thermolabile mutant of G-6-PD, and in fibroblasts treated with a proline analogue, azetidine carboxylic acid. The immunotitration technique was also capable of detecting catalytically altered G-6-PD from the thermolabile mutant and G-6-PD inactivated with N-ethylameimide. These findings argue against a protein error catastrophe as the cause of in vitro clonal senescence. PMID- 1245558 TI - Passive cation movements in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell: the effects of 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. AB - We have investigated the effects of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), an amino reactive reagent, on passive cation movements in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Incubation of tumor cells with TNBS (3 mM) results in a two phase association of TNBS with the cells. An initial, rapid phase, presumably at the level of the membrane, is independent of temperature, while the second phase increases linearly in time and is temperature dependent. Kinetic analyses of Na+ movements indicate that TNBS: (1) inhibits Na+ movement from a slowly exchanging cellular compartment, but is without effect on a more rapidly exchanging compartment; (2) does not alter net Na+ accumulation in transport-inhibited cells; and (3) is without effect on non-exchange Na+ efflux at 0 degrees C. The actions of TNBS on K+ movements depend upon temperature and the continued presence of TNBS in the environment. At 22 degrees C two minute exposure of the cells to TNBS leads to 77% inhibition of K+ efflux. With continued exposure to TNBS, the inhibition is only 42%. Reduction of the temperature to 0 degrees C decreases K+ efflux in control cells by 82%. Two minute exposure to TNBS enhances K+ efflux by 50%, while continuous exposure increases it by 144%. These results suggest: (1) TNBS interacts with several classes of membrane sites which are involved with the regulation of passive cation movements; and (2) passive Na+ and K+ movements across the cell membrane proceed by different pathways. PMID- 1245559 TI - Enhancement of phenotypic expression in cultured malignant liver epithelial cells by a complex medium. AB - The ability of two media identically supplemented with serum to maintain functional and structural differential properties of cultured malignant liver epithelial cells was compared. Reuber H35 hepatoma cells grown in a complex medium, Medium E, possessed the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and bile canaliculi. When grown in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was reduced and bile canaliculi were not formed. This decrease in properties was restored when cells maintained in Minimal Essential Medium was returned to Medium E. It was concluded that the enhanced phenotypic expression was probably due to enrichment of the nutrient environment. PMID- 1245560 TI - Chromosome balance and the control of malignancy. AB - The Giemsa banding pattern of the chromosomes has been analyzed in a line of transformed golden hamster cells, revertant and re-revertant cells and their tumors. The transformed and re-revertant cells were malignant in vivo and had gained an additional chromosome 5(7). Revertants with a suppression of malignancy lost this additional chromosome 5(7) and gained an additional chromosome 7(2). The tumors produced by segregants from the revertant cells were malignant, although to a lower degree than transformed and re-revertant cells. These tumors had lost the additional chromosome 7(2) found in revertants and gained one or two 5(12) chromosomes. The results support the hypothesis that the balance between genes for expression and suppression controls malignancy. The data indicate that chromosome 7(2) carries genes for suppression and that chromosomes 5(7) and 5(12) carry genes for expression of malignancy. The genes on chromosome 5(7) seem to result in a greater degree of expression than the genes on chromosome 5(12). The chromosome balance that controlled malignancy in these cells, also controlled the expression and suppression of transformed properties in vitro. PMID- 1245561 TI - Problem-causing constituents of vitamin C tablets. PMID- 1245562 TI - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of yeast invertase. PMID- 1245563 TI - A study of hemoglobin and its subunits. PMID- 1245565 TI - Bioautographic detection of mycotoxins on thin-layer chromatograms. AB - A method for the bioautographic detection of mycotoxins on thin-layer chromatograms by using Artemia salina larvae is described. The method was tested on standard samples of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 kojic acid and sterigmatocystin) and on the extracts from toxicogenic fungi isolated from different sources. PMID- 1245564 TI - Systematic analysis of mycotoxins by thin-layer chromatography. AB - The analysis of 37 mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites by thin-layer chromatography is described. Their R(F) values in eight solvent systems, colour reactions after chemical detection and detection under UV light are presented. From the R(F) values, "chromatographic spectra" which can be used as one of the characteristics for the characterization of unknown mycotoxins were constructed. PMID- 1245566 TI - Separation and identification of unsaturated steroids by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with Silanox-type glass open tubular columns. PMID- 1245567 TI - New improved method for separation of fecal bile acids by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1245568 TI - Gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of lidocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide in plasma. PMID- 1245569 TI - Chromatography of saturated steroid hydrocarbons (steranes) on alumina. PMID- 1245570 TI - Chromogenic response of aqueous cobalt thiocyanate to lipophilic drugs. PMID- 1245571 TI - Buffer system for ion-exchange chromatography of amino acid mixtures containing methionine sulphone. PMID- 1245572 TI - Determination of vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in urine by highspeed liquid chromatography. PMID- 1245573 TI - Mass fragmentographic determination of diphenylhydantoin and its main metabolite, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, in human plasma. AB - A method is described for the mass fragmentographic determination of diphenylhydantoin and its main metabolite, 5-(-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (4-OH-DPH), in human plasma as their dimethyl and trimethyl derivatives, respectively. The derivatives are formed by using the recently described extractive alkylation technique. Pentadeuterated 4-OH-DPH is used as the internal standard. Following acidic hydrolysis of the plasma sample, conjugated 4-OH-DPH and, indirectly, the dihydrodiol metabolite, 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadien-1 yl)-5-phenylhydantoin, are measured. Using 100-mul plasma samples, the lower limit of detection is about 10 ng/ml 00.03 nmole/ml). PMID- 1245574 TI - Computerized data analysis of amino acids in physiologic fluids. AB - A Fortran IV computer program is described which identifies, computes, and statistically evaluates amino acid concentrations determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer in physiologic fluids. The program accepts retention time and intergrated peak areas from two calibration standards for identification and computational reference. Two internal standards are used to compensate for variations in injector performance and ninhydrin decay. Calibration standard responses are statistically treated to assist in detection of equipment malfunction. The statistical data base is automatically explanded through inclusion of data from normal patients. Amino acid concentrations are printed with appropriate mean and standard deviation values in a format acceptable as a final report. PMID- 1245575 TI - Applications of gas-liquid chromatography in protein chemistry. Determination of C-terminal sequences on nanomolar amounts of proteins. AB - A method for the determination of C-terminal amino acids and C-terminal amino acid sequences in nanomolar amounts of proteins is described, based on carboxypeptidase A digestion of the protein, followed by removal of the partially digested protein and quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic determination of the amino acids released after known time intervals. Sequences deduced from the kinetics of release of specific amino acids are compared with the known C terminal sequences of well-characterized proteins. PMID- 1245576 TI - Methylation artifacts in the gas chromatography of serum extracts. Competitive suppression with trimethyl-d9 anilinium hydroxide. AB - In the course of the identification of drugs in body fluids by gas chromatography mass spectrometry we have observed the appearance of N-methyl derivatives of certain compounds such as phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin, especially in extracts of serum. With the aid of deuterium labelled phenobarbital it could, however, be shown that the N-methyl derivatives are not endogenous metabolites but artifacts generated upon injection of the serum extract into the gas chromatograph. Conversely, derivatization with trimethyl-d9 anilinium hydroxide (TMAH-d9) demonstrated the absence of any undeuterated methyl derivative and this reagent should be useful for the detection of endogenous N-methyl derivative which would, of course, remain undetected when using unlabelled TMAH in the course of the conventional methylation technique. There are good indications that lecithin is the methylating agent in serum responsible for the formation of these artifacts. PMID- 1245577 TI - The formation of trimethylsilyl ethers of ecdysones. A reappraisal. AB - The hydroxyl groups of 20-hydroxyecdysone react with trimethylsilylimidazole with varying ease, in the positional order 2,3,22,25 greater than 20 greater than 14. The 14alpha-hydroxyl group can only be silylated under forcing conditions. Confusion in silylation procedures has been caused by failure to recognize incomplete reaction. The conclusions are supported by mass spectra. In the presence of a catalyst, and absence of a 14alpha-oxy substituent, enol ethers are readily formed, but the rate is considerably reduced with a C-14 substituent present. PMID- 1245578 TI - Liquid chromatography of dansyl derivatives of some alkaloids and the application to the analysis of pharmaceuticals. AB - Derivatization of the alkaloids cephaeline, codeine, emetine, ephedrine, morphine, narcotine and others with dansyl chloride has been studied with the aim of developing a sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic method for these substances in complex pharmaceutical dosage forms. While codeine and narcotine do not react, the other compounds form completely substituted derivatives which possess maxima in their fluorescence emission spectra between 470 and 500 nm. The structure of the derivatives has been confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dansylated compounds have been separated by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The improved selectivity and sensitivity have permitted an analysis of these substances present in low concentrations in 10- 100-fold excesses of other drugs. Direct derivatization of syrups and aqueous slurries of capsules having a complex excipient and drug composition is feasible and time saving and serves as a pre-clean-up step. Detection limits are in the 1-10-ng range or better, depending on the efficiency of the detection device. The reproducibility of the method is limited by the derivatization step, but a relative standard deviation of less than 2% can be obtained. The analysis time for these pharmaceuticals may be reduced by at least one fifth of that required by conventional techniques. PMID- 1245579 TI - Preparation, separation and degradation of oligouronides produced by the polygalacturonic acid transeliminase of Bacillus pumilus. AB - Production of the end products of polygalacturonic acid degradation on a large scale was done by reacting free galacturonic acid with Bacillus pumilus polygalacturonic acid transeliminase (PATE, EC 4.2.2.2) to obtain a mixture of the barium salts of several oligouronides. Small amounts of the unsaturated oligouronides were separated by paper chromatography. Large quantities of unsaturated oligouronides were separated on a AG-1-X8 (formate) column by applying a sample of mixed oligouronides and stepwise elution was carried out with sodium formate buffer (pH 4.7). The unsaturated oligouronides were identified on the basis of chromatographic mobilities, Sephadex gel filtration data, COOH/CHO ratio, thiobarbituric acid-reacting material, bromine uptake, and chemical and enzymatic degradation data as unsaturated tri-, tetra-, and hexagalacturonic acids. The chemical degradation of these unsaturated oligouronides, done with 6 N HCl by heating at 100 degrees for 30 min, gave qualitatively identical products of hydrolysis. These products compared with authentic standards, were identified as galacturonic acid, formic acid, 5-formyl 2-furancarboxylic acid, and 2-furancarboxylic acid. Analysis of the enzymatic breakdown products of the higher unsaturated uronides showed that a minimum of four galacturonic acid units was required for the action of purified endo-PATE from B. pumilus. The unsaturated trimer was not attacked, thus accounting for its accumulation as the major end product of polygalacturonate degradation by this enzyme. PMID- 1245580 TI - Quantitative gas-liquid chromatography of non-protein amino acids. AB - The quantitative gas--liquid chromatographic analysis of non-protein amino acids, in the presence of protein amino acids, is described. The amino acids were determined as their N-trifluoroacetyl n-butyl esters on an ethylene glycol adipate column. The relative molar responses of 38 amino acids are reported. PMID- 1245581 TI - A simple and sensitive gas chromatographic method for the determination of clonazepam in human plasma. AB - A simple gas chromatographic method for the determination of clonazepam in human plasma has been developed. After solvent extraction, the compound is measured by an electron capture detector on an OV-17 column. The electron-capture response is linear for 5-120 ng/ml of plasma. There is no interference from other commonly used anti-epileptic drugs or endogenous substrates. Preliminary data from routin monitoring of epileptic patients shows a 10-fold variation in their clonazepam plasma levels. PMID- 1245582 TI - Gas chromatographic method for the determination of nomifensine in human plasma. AB - An analytical method based on solvent extraction, formation of a fluorinated derivative and quantitation by gas-liquid chromatography using an electron capture detector has been developed for the determination of nomifensine in biological fluids. The specificity (controlled by mass spectrometry) and the sensitivity appear to be satisfactory for drug level measurements in human body fluids. Its relative simplicity in fact permits its use in serial analysis. PMID- 1245583 TI - Improved solvent system for thin-layer chromatography of Dns-amino acids. PMID- 1245584 TI - Separation of some chloramphenicol intermediates by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 1245585 TI - Determination of chlorimipramine and desmethylchlorimipramine in human plasma by ion-pair partition chromatography. PMID- 1245586 TI - Separation and detection of alpha- and beta-ecdysone using thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1245587 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of steroid glycosides from Agava americana L. PMID- 1245588 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of cinoxacin and some related compounds. PMID- 1245589 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of sterigmatocystin, 5-methoxy sterigmatocystin and O-methylsterigmatocystin. PMID- 1245590 TI - Application of Carbowax 20M as an open-tubular liquid phase in analyses of nutritionally important fats and oils. AB - In the first part, the reasons for the choice of Carbowax 20M-terephthalic acid as a liquid phase are indicated and the technique for preparation of columns is descirbed. The ECL of 14 to 24 carbon fatty acids (branched and positional isomers of unsaturated acids) as well as the accuracy of determination of some fatty acids, are presented. In the second part, examples of chromatograms are given as well as tables concerning the composition of various fats: vegetable oils, depot fats, and fats from organs of monogastric species, polygastric species, and fish. PMID- 1245591 TI - Fatty-acid composition of rat brain lipids. Determined by support-coated open tubular gas chromatography. AB - The nonhydroxy fatty acid composition of rat brain lipids (except gangliosides) was determined by support-coated open-tubular (SCOT) gas chromatography. Fatty acids of both odd and even chain lengths ranging from C14 to C26 were detected. Brain lipids contained 49% saturated, 29% monounsaturated, and 22% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Monoenoic fatty acids were mainly of the omega-9 and omega-7 series with minor amounts of omega-10 and amega-11 isomers. Dienes and trienes consisted of omega-6, amega-7, and omega-9 series. Tetraenes were of the omega-6 series. Small amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 pentaenes were detected. The most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid was 22:6omega-3. The advantages of support-coated open-tubular columns over wall-coated open-tubular columns for the analysis of brain lipid fatty acids are discussed. PMID- 1245592 TI - Chromatographic methods in the determination of absolute and relative configurations of fatty acids. AB - Chromatographic techniques for determination of configurations of branched and substituted long-chain fatty acids, both absolute and relative, are reviewed. Gas liquid chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic procedures are emphasized. PMID- 1245593 TI - Automated fatty acid analysis. AB - An automated system for the analysis of fatty acids is described. Samples dissolved in CS2 are automatically injected and separated by temperature programmed gas chromatography. Peak areas and retention times were measured by an electronic integrator, and recorded on punched paper tape. Peaks are identified and amounts calculated by an off-line computer program based on one or more internal standards. The system is designed for use with samples of at least 10 mug. Some of the problems adn limitations are discussed. PMID- 1245594 TI - An all-purpose injection system for gas chromatographic analyses of biological samples. AB - A versatile injection system for the direct introduction of samples into the gas chromatograph (GC) is described. Several years of experience in biological and pharmaceutical chemistry have led to the construction and final modification of this device. No modification of the injection port of the GC is necessary. PMID- 1245595 TI - Lung collagen heterogeneity. Synthesis of type I and type III collagen by rabbit and human lung cells in culture. AB - The fetal and adult lung have a constant level of collagen synthesis that represents 4-5% of the total amino acids incorporated into lung protein. Prior studies have demonstrated that this collagen is not homogeneous but rather is composed of at least two collagen types, I and II, each localized to specific lung structures. Although it is known that explants of rabit lung parenchyma and blood vessels synthesize type I collagen and that rabbit lung tracheobronchial tree synthesizes type II collagen, it has been suggested that other collagen types are present in lung. It is not known which cells are responsible for the synthesis of any lung collagen type. To approach the problem of additional lung collagen heterogeneity and the identification of the cells responsible for lung collagen synthesis, techniques were developed to examine collagen synthesized by lung cells in culture. 10-15% of the proteins synthesized by confluent cultures of rabbit lung cells and fetal human lung fibroblasts are collagen. Separation and purification of this collagen by ion-exchange chromatography and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptide mapping techniques indicate that collagen secreted by these cells is composed of two collagen types, I and III. The CNBr peptides of type I collagen secreted by these cells are identical to the CNBr peptides of type I collagen synthesized by lung parenchyma and blood vessels. The peptides of type III collagen secreted by these cells are identical to fetal skin type III collagen CNBr peptides. The existence of 40 cell types and the insolubility of lung collagen increase the complexity of identifying the types of collagen in lung and the cells responsible for the synthesis of each type. The techniques described here should eventually lead to a complete description of the synthesis and composition of lung collagen, thus providing a probe to understand the role of collagen in lung development and structure in health and disease. PMID- 1245596 TI - Parameters of the three-pool model of the turnover of plasma cholesterol in normal and hyperlipidemic humans. AB - Long-term studies (32-49 wk) of the turnover of plasma cholesterol were conducted in 24 subjects. Eight subjects were normilipidemic, six had hypercholesterolemia, eight had hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and two had hypertriglyceridemia alone. 10 of the hyperlipidemic patients had a definite familial disorder. In all subjects (except one for whom complete data were not available), the same three-pool model previously described gave the best fit for the data. The parameters of the three-pool model observed in the normal subjects were compared with the model parameters found in the patients with the different kinds of hyperlipidemia. In addition, single and multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between the model parameters and various physiological variables, including age, body size, and serum lipid concentrations. Using this approach, significant differences between groups, or correlations with serum lipid levels were seen for several parameters of the three-pool model: the production rate (PR); the size of the rapidly exchanging pool 1 (M1); all estimates of the size of the most slowly equilibrating pool 3 (M3); and the rate constant k21. The PR in normal subjects (1.14 +/- 0.19 g/day, mean +/- SD) was not significantly different from that found in patients with hypercholesterolemia, with or without hypertriglyceridemia. The major determinant of cholesterol PR was overall body size, expressed either as total body weight or as surface area. The correlations between PR and indices of adiposity (percent ideal weight and excess weight), although statistically significant, were much weaker in this nonobese population. After adjustment for body size variation, cholesterol PR was not correlated with the serum cholesterol concentration but was probably (P less than 0.05) correlated with the triglyceride concentration. When the two patients with very high triglyceride concentrations were excluded, however, no correlation was observed between adjusted PR and triglyceride level. It is probable that hypertriglyceridemic patients represent a heterogeneous population, in which the majority do not show increased cholesterol PR. M1 was correlated with all body size variables, but most strongly with excess weight. After adjusting for the effects of body size, M1 was also correlated and triglyceride. Major differences were found in the relationships between the physiological variables and the sizes of pools 2 and 3. M2 was correlated neither with any of the indices of body size or adiposity, nor with the serum levels of either cholesterol or triglyceride. In contrast, all estimates of M3 were correlated with indices of adiposity (but not of overall body size) and with the serum cholesterol concentration. Thus, the amount of cholesterol in slowly equilibrating tissue sites appears to particularly increase with elevations of the serum cholesterol level. The results also confirm previous data that adipose tissue cholesterol is an important part of pool 3. PMID- 1245598 TI - Localization of the membrane defect in transepithelial transport of taurine by parallel studies in vivo and in vitro in hypertaurinuric mice. AB - We investigated the mechanism of taurinuria in three inbred strains of mice: A/J, a normal taurine excretor (taut+); and two hypertaurinuric (taut-) strains, C57BL/6J and PRO/Re. Plasma taurine is comparable in the three strains (approximately 0.5 mM), but taurinuria is 10-fold greater in taut- animals. Fractional reabsorption of taurine is 0.967 +/- 0.013 (mean +/- SD) in A/J); and 0.839 +/- 0.08 and 0.787 +/- 0.05 in C57BL/6J and PRO/Re, respectively. Taurine concentration in renal cortex intracellular fluid (free of urine contamination) is similar in the three strains. Taurine reabsorption is inhibited by beta alanine, in taut+ and taut- strains. These in vivo findings reveal residual taurine transport activity in the taut- phenotype and no evidence for impaired efflux at basilar membranes as the cause of impaired taurine reabsorption. Cortex slices provide information about uptake of amino acids at the antiluminal membrane. Taurine behaves as an inert metabolite in mouse kidney cortex slices. Taurine uptake by slices is active and, at less than 1 mM, is greater than normal in taut- slices. Concentration-dependent uptake studies reveal more than one taurine carrier in taut+ and taut- strains. The apparent Km values for uptake below 1 mM are different in taut- and taut+ slices (approximately 0.2 mM and approximately 0.7 mM, respectively); the apparent Km values above 1 mM taurine are similar in taut+ and taut- slices. Efflux from slices in all strains in the same (0.0105-0.0113 mumol-min-1-g-1 wet wt), but taut- tissue retains about 10% more radioactivity over the period of efflux. beta-Alanine is actively metabolized in mouse kidney. Its uptake in the presence of blocked transamination, is greater; its intracellular oxidation is attenuated; and its exchange with intracellular taurine is diminished in taut- slices. These findings indicate impaired beta-amino acid permeation on a low-Km uptake system at the luminal membrane in the taut- phenotype. beta-Amino acids are not reclaimed efficiently either from the innermost luminal pool in cortex slices or from the ultrafiltrate in the tubule lumen in vivo. The former leads to high uptake ratios in vitro, the latter to high clearance rates in vivo. In vitro and in vivo data are thus concordant. This is the first time that a hereditary defect in amino acid transport has been assigned to a specific membrane surface in mammalian kidney. PMID- 1245597 TI - Identification of beta-adrenergic receptors in human lymphocytes by (-) (3H) alprenolol binding. AB - Human lymphocytes are known to posessess a catecholamine-responsive adenylate cyclase which has typical beta-adrenergic specificity. To identify directly and to quantitate these beta-adenergic receptors in human lymphocytes, (-) [3H] alprenolol, a potent beta-adrenergic antagonist, was used to label binding sites in homogenates of human mononuclear leukocytes. Binding of (-) [3H] alprenolol to these sites demonstrated the kinetics, affinity, and stereospecificity expected of binding to adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors. Binding was rapid (t1/2 less than 30 s) and rapidly reversible (t1/2 less than 3 min) at 37 degrees C. Binding was a saturable process with 75 +/- 12 fmol (-) [3H] alprenolol bound/mg protein (mean +/- SEM) at saturation, corresponding to about 2,000 sites/cell. Half-maximal saturation occurred at 10 nM (-) [3H] alprenolol, which provides an estimate of the dissociation constant of (-) [3H] alprenolol for the beta-adrenergic receptor. The beta-adrenergic antagonist, (-) propranolol, potently competed for the binding sites, causing half-maximal inhibition of binding at 9 nM. beta-Adrenergic agonists also competed for the binding sites. The order of potency was (-) isoproterenol greater than (-) epinephrine greater than (-)-norepinephrine which agreed with the order of potency of these agents in stimulating leukocyte adenylate cyclase. Dissociation constants computed from binding experiments were virtually identical to those obtained from adenylate cyclase activation studies. Marked stereospecificity was observed for both binding and activation of adenylate cyclase. (-)Stereoisomers of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists were 9- to 300-fold more potent than their corresponding (+) stereoisomers. Structurally related compounds devoid of beta-adrenergic activity such as dopamine, dihydroxymandelic acid, normetanephrine, pyrocatechol, and phentolamine did not effectively compete for the binding sites. (-) [3H] alprenolol binding to human mononuclear leukocyte preparations was almost entirely accounted for by binding to small lymphocytes, the predominant cell type in the preparations. No binding was detectable to human erythrocytes. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using direct binding methods to study beta-adrenergic receptors in a human tissue. They also provide an experimental approach to the study of states of altered sensitivity to catecholamines at the receptor level in man. PMID- 1245599 TI - Sequential activation of splenic nuclear RNA polymerases by erythropoietin. AB - The spleen of the ex-hypoxic polycythemic mouse was employed to study the effect of erythropoietin on nuclear RNA polymerase activity. On the basis of ionic strength requirements and sensitivity to the fungal toxin alpha-amanitin, two major forms (I and II) of nuclear RNA polymerase were identified. Within 0.5 h after administration of erythropoietin, at a time when no morphologically identifiable erythroblasts were present in the spleen, there was an increase in the activity of polymerase II. By 2 h, polymerase II activity had declined to control levels. At 3 h, polymerase I activity began to increase, rising to a peak, 88% above control levels, by 12 h. During this period, early erythroblasts began to appear in the spleen. At 12 h, a second increase of similar magnitude occurred in polymerase II activity. Polymerase I activity fell to control levels by 18 h while polymerase II declined more slowly. These data indicate that stimulation of transcription is an early effect of erythropoietin. Multiple forms of RNA polymerase are involved and activation of these is sequential. Nuclear RNA polymerase activity is maximal during the period of early erythroblast proliferation and declines as these cells mature. PMID- 1245600 TI - Clinical significance of serum properdin levels and properdin deposition in the dermal-epidermal junction in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - 61 biopsies of normal skin from the deltoid area and lesional skin from various sites from 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the presence of properdin, C3, C4, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) using direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Properdin was present in 50% of normal and 40% of lesional skins. Properdin was present without C4 in only 2 of 38 nonlesional skin biopsies and in only 2 of 20 lesions. There was no significant difference in incidence of deposition of any of the six proteins studied between nonlesional and lesional skin. The frequency of deposition of each of the proteins correlated with clinical disease activity. The presence of proteins in the DEJ did not correlate with the presence of active renal disease at the time of biopsy nor with previously documented active nephritis. In addition, no other single clinical manifestation correlated with the presence of DEJ deposition of any protein studied. IgA was not demonstrated in the DEJ of nonlesional skin of 16 patients in remission and was present in 7 of 23 patients with active disease (P less than 0.05). Deposition of properdin in lesional skin correlated with the presence of extracutaneous disease activity (P less than 0.05). Analysis of serologic studies on serum obtained at the time of biopsy revealed a statistically significant correlation between C4 and C3 (r = 0.67). This correlation was stronger than that between properdin and C4 (r = 0.37). Titer of antinuclear antibody and percent of DNA binding correlated better with C4 levels than with properdin levels. Serum properdin levels were significantly lower in patients with active disease than in those in remission (P less than 0.05). Serum properdin levels were significantly lower in patients with properdin deposits in lesional skin than in those without properdin deposits. The data suggest that both alternative and classical pathways are activated in patients with clinically active SLE. PMID- 1245601 TI - The role and fate of rabbit and human transcobalamin II in the plasma transport of vitamin B12 in the rabbit. AB - Previous studies have shown that plasma transcobalamin II (TCII) facilitates the cellular uptake of [57Co] vitamin B12 (B12) by a variety of tissues, but the lack of an intrinsic label on the protein moiety of the TCII-B12 complex has made it impossible to determine the role and fate of TCII during this process. We have labeled homogensous rabbit and human TCII with 125I-labeled N-succinimidyl-3-(4 hydroxyphenyl) propionate and have performed in vivo experiments in rabbits. When 125I-labeled rabbit TCII-[57Co] B12 and 131I-labeled bovine albumin were simultaneously injected intravenously, we observed that 125Iand 57Co were cleared from plasma at a faster rate (t1/2 = 1 1/2 h) than 131I and that 125I and 57Co were present in excess of 131I in the kidney, liver, spleen, heart, lung, and small intestine 1/2 h after injection. Later, 57Co remained in excess of 131I, but the ratio of 125I to 131I decreased progressively in all of these plasma and were rapidly excreted in the urine. After 1 h following injection, 57Co was present in excess of 125I in the plasma... PMID- 1245602 TI - Blockade and stimulation of renal, adrenal, and vascular angiotensin II receptors with 1-Sar, 8-Ala angiotensin II in normal man. AB - We have assessed the capacity of an analogue of angiotensin II (A II), 1-Sar, 8 Ala A II (P113) in normal man to stimulate and block responses to A II in four systems: blood pressure was monitored directly from an arterial catheter, and renal blood flow was measured with 133Xe and arterial renin and aldosterone concentrations by radioimmunoassay. The 31 normal subjects were in balance on a daily intake of 200 meg sodium and 100 meq potassium to suppress endogenous renin. P113 administered intravenously induced a dose-related renal blood flow reduction, with a threshold dose of 0.1 mug/kg/min. This dose also induced a small but significant increase in arterial blood pressure and plasma aldosterone as well as a reduction in plasma renin activity. In contrast to its effect on the renal vasculature, no tendency to a progressive response in the latter three parameters was noted as the P113 dose was increased 30-fold, to 3.0 mug/kg/min. P113 also reduced the clearance of para-aminohippurate, creatinine, sodium, and potassium, a pattern similar to that induced by A II. P113 at 0.1 mug/kg/min reduced significantly the blood pressure and renal vascular and aldosterone responses to graded doses of A II. Higher P113 doses totally obliterated all three responses to A II infused at 10 ng/kg/min, a dose that provides arterial A II concentrations in the range found in angiotensin-mediated hypertension. When A II was infused first, to induce a pressor, renal vascular, and aldosterone response, P113 induced a dose-related reversal of the response in each system. In conclusion, P113 is a partial agonist in normal man, inducing an angiotensin-like response in settings in which endogenous A II is not playing a tonic role, and displaying dominant antagonist activity in settings in which A II is active. Moreover, the studies suggest that the receptors mediating the responses to A II are different in the renal vasculature and other systemic vascular beds. The adrenal receptor must also differ. This agent should be useful in dissecting the role of A II in diseases characterized by hypertension or abnormalities of renal and adrenal function. PMID- 1245604 TI - A multidisciplinary approach to teaching therapeutics, disease, and human behavior. PMID- 1245603 TI - A renotropic system in rats. AB - While plasma or sera obtained from rats 20 h after removal of one kidney (uninephrectomy) stimulated [3H] thyrmidine incorporation into the DNA of kidney tissue incubating in vitro, azotemic plasma or sera obtained from rats 20 h after removal of both kidneys had no apparent effect. Dialysis of this azotemic sera resulted in its ability to stimulate isotope incorporation into renal DNA to the same degree as sera from uninephrectomized rats. This stimulatory factor (renotropin) was found to rise significantly within the first 26 h after uninephrectomy. Renotropin worked only on renal tissue, and we found that a factor could be extracted in large amounts from the remaining kidney 20 h after uninephrectomy that would stimulate renal DNA synthesis in the presence of sera. Based on these findings and others, we postulate that after uninephrectomy there is an elevation in circulating renotropin as well as a tissue factor in the remaining kidney. Both factors together probably produce an excitor which enhances [3H] thymidine into DNA. The latter is tightly bound to renal tissue, and its production and/or activity is modified by circulating inhibitors that are especially prominent in azotemia. PMID- 1245605 TI - The metabolism of supplementary vitamin C during the common cold. AB - Ascorbic acid concentrations have been measured in leukocytes and plasma following oral administration of 2000 mg vitamin C in the same subjects while they had cold symptoms and after recovery from their colds. Plasma and leukocyte concentrations rose significantly in females, but only plasma concentrations rose in males, after the loading dose during colds. In the postcold tests, only plasma concentrations rose in both sexes. There was a significant difference in plasma leukocyte regression coefficients between the cold and postcold tests in females. Ascorbic acid passes into the plasma for metabolic purposes, and its storage is less in the leukocytes, during colds. Males had worse colds than females because their catarrhal symptoms were more severe. Higher tissue concentrations of ascorbic acid tended to be associated with low total, toxic, and catarrhal symptom values. A rise in tissue ascorbic acid was associated with less severe catarrhal symptoms in females. Ascorbic acid concentrations in the plasma and tongue were significantly higher after the subjects had recovered from their cold symptoms. Increasing the loading dose of vitamin C from 500 to 2000 mg more than doubled the leukocyte concentration of ascorbic acid in females. The higher dose enabled uptake of the vitamin into the leukocytes to take place over a 4-hour period. It did not give rise to increased uptake into male leukocytes. Administration of supplementary vitamin C elevated plasma ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid then passed into the tissues depleted of vitamin C during the cold syndrome. A single supplementary dose of 2000 mg vitamin C can replete leukocyte ascorbic acid during a 4-hour period in females, but a larger dose may be necessary in males. PMID- 1245606 TI - Effect of clonixin and aspirin on platelet aggregation in human volunteers. AB - The effect of clonixin and aspirin on platelet function was assessed in healthy volunteers. Both drugs inhibited secondary platelet aggregation and prolonged bleeding time, but the effect of clonixin was significantly less than that of aspirin. Hemorrhagic complications are less likely after clonixin than after aspirin. PMID- 1245607 TI - Influence of formulation on bioavailability of theophylline. AB - The bioavailability of theophylline from formulations containing this drug alone and also in combination with phenobarbital and ephedrine has been studied in normal volunteers and asthmatic subjects. Neither of the latter two drugs had any significant influence on the bioavailability of theophylline. A complexation phenomenon, previously reported to inhibit dissolution of theophylline and phenobarbital in vitro, does not affect the bioavailability of theophylline from solid formulations. No differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of theophylline between normal and asthmatic subjects. PMID- 1245608 TI - Discrepancies in recommended dosage regimens of drugs. PMID- 1245609 TI - Development of myelination in optic tract of the cat. AB - The postnatal development of myelin in the optic nerve and tract of normal and dark reared cats has been studied quantitatively with light and electron microscopy. In the newborn cat few myelinated fibers (3% of the population) are seen in the optic tract. Until the end of the second postnatal week, the total number of myelinated axons in the tract remains low (23%). At this time, however, there is an explosive increase in the rate of myelination and by the end of the fourth postnatal week 80% of the optic tract axons have acquired a myelin sheath. Thereafter, the number of myelinated axons increases gradually, reaching adult levels (100%) at 12 weeks. During the initial period of myelination, the average axon diameter is 0.6 mu for unmyelinated fibers and a.2 mu for myelinated fibers. Both of these means remain substantially unchanged until myelination is completed, suggesting that initial myelination of an axon is not a continuous process but rather proceeds in a step-wise manner. Dark rearing appears to have no effect on the initiation of myelination. PMID- 1245610 TI - Early formation of synapses in the molecular layer of the fetal rat cerebellum. AB - The initial phase of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the albino rat cerebellum has been studied quantitatively and qualitatively with the electron microscope. Using both aldehyde-osmium (AL-OS) and ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) preparations, synapses were observed as early as embryonic day 19 throughout the entire rostro-caudal extent of the vermal molecular layer. The undeveloped nature of the elements participating in the formation of these synapses precluded their identification, for at this stage of cerebellar development, the Purkinje cells have not developed characteristic dendrites and both the massive production of cells within the external granule layer and the migration of neuroblasts through the molecular layer are in their initial phases. Evidence of synapse formation at this early stage of molecular layer development indicates that the rudiments of neuronal systems are present before the bulk of the molecular layer has come into existence and before most of the constituent elements of the cerebellum have differentiated. From embryonic day 19 to embryonic day 22, the number of E-PTA synaptic contacts was always less than the number of AL-OS synapses. This decrepancy and the variations observed in the morphology of the presynaptic components of E-PTA stained synaptic contacts, indicate that E-PTA morphology, and particularly the development of presynaptic dense projections, represents a late stage of synapse formation. PMID- 1245611 TI - Projections of the optic tectum in two teleost species. AB - The efferent pathways of the optic tectum have been investigated in the percomorph Eugerres and the berycomorph Holocentrus. A portion of the dorsal dorsolateral region of the optic tectum was unilaterally resected by suction. The animals were perfused 6-30 days thereafter, and the brains were processed according to a modification (Method 7 in Ebbesson, '70) of the Fink-Heimer ('67) technique for the selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and terminals. Three groups of fibers emerge from the lesioned region (a) a medial group, which runs towards the midline and terminates in the ipsilateral torus longitudinalis and the contralateral tectum; (b) an ascending group, which enters the dorsocaudal region of the diencephalon and terminates in pretectal cell groups, in the dorsomedial optic thalamic nucleus, and in the nucleus rotundus or prethalamicus; and (c) a descending group, which funnels down into the midbrain tegmentum. Here abundant terminals are given to dorsolateral cell groups and to the nucleus isthmi. A recurrent fascicle leaves the mainstream and ascends to terminate in scattered diencephalic cell groups, in the nucleus geniculatus posterior pars ventralis, and in the nucleus rotundus or prethalamicus. The bulk of descending fibers then forms an ipsilateral bundle, which gives terminals to the lateral reticular formation of mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, and a contralateral (i.e., the predorsal) bundle, which terminates in the medial reticular formation of mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. PMID- 1245612 TI - Telencephalic projections in two teleost species. AB - The efferent pathways of the telencephalon were investigated in the percomorph Eugerres and the berycomorph Holocentrus. One telencephalic hemisphere was resected by suction and the animals were perfused 7-35 days thereafter. The brains were processed according to a modification (Method 7 in Ebbesson, '70) of the Fink-Heimer ('67) technique for selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and terminals. Some fibers emerging from the lesioned telencephalic hemisphere terminate upon the contralateral hemisphere. The large bulk of efferent fibers, however, descends into the ipsilateral diencephalon and gives off the so-called strio-tectal bundle (STB) as well as the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The remaining contingent eventually splits into the so-called strio lobar bundle (SLB) and the lateral forebrain (LFB), but, previous to splitting, it contributes most of the telencephalic projection to the optic tectum in Eugerres, and gives abundant terminals to the ipsilateral nucleus rotundus or prethalamicus in both Eugerres and Holocentrus. The STB conveys all telencephalo tectal fibers in Holocentrus, and some of them in Eugerres. Telencephalic efferents teminate ipsilaterally in the middle level of the tectum's stratum griseum centrale; in Holocentrus there is also a small projection to the stratum opticum. The MFB terminates at the caudal hypothalamus and gives terminals all along its course. The LFB also gives terminals all along its course and terminates upon a nucleus located between the midline and the corpus glomerulosum. The SLB spreads out and terminates in the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus. PMID- 1245613 TI - Scotopic and photopic vision in the California ground squirrel: physiological and anatomical evidence. AB - The California ground squirrel is a highly diurnal species previously thought to have an all-cone retina. This issue was re-examined in physiological and anatomical experiments. The electroretinogram (ERG) was used to measure the spectral sensitivity of the eye under different conditions of adaptation. The occurrence of a Purkinje shift could be demonstrated, although there was some indication that not all members of this species show such a shift. Spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted eye of this squirrel is close to that predicted by a typical mammalian rhodopsin. Light adaptation produces a shift in spectral sensitivity to a peak location of about 525 nm. It was shown that two mechanisms having different spectral sensitivities contribute to the photopically recorded ERG. The degree to which these two mechanisms contribute to the ERG was found to be strikingly different from the degree to which the two contribute to visual behavior. Our anatomical results indicate that the retina of the California ground squirrel has two structurally distinct photoreceptors which, on the basis of various criteria, can be classified as cone and rod-like. The rod-like receptors comprise about 6-7% of the total. The two photoreceptor types differ in placement of their inner segments, size of their outer segments, outer segment ultrastructure, and terminal structure and organization. PMID- 1245614 TI - Opossum somatic sensory cortex: a microelectrode mapping study. AB - Organization of opossum somatic sensory cortex has been investigated utilizing closely spaced microelectrode penetrations (0.25-0.5 mm apart) and delicate mechanical stimulation of body surfaces including the facial vibrissae. Results may be summarized as follows: (1) the general organization of somatic sensory cortex, as originally defined by Lende ('63a) has been confirmed; (2) a double representation of the contralateral mystacial vibrissae and rhinarium, implicit in Lende's original data, was revealed in detail, the two representations being orderly, adjacent, mirror-images of each other; (3) units at a given cortical locus responded to deflection of between one and five mystacial vibrissae, about half responding to movement of a single vibrissa only; (4) about 40% of mystacial vibrissa units showed a directional specificity to the extent that they responded to deflections in only one or two cardinal directions; (5) units located in the medial vibrissa area showed a greater directional specificity than did units located in the lateral vibrissa area; (6) the surface area of rhinarial receptive fields was about ten times the area of first-order rhinarial unit receptive fields (B. Pubols et al., '73); (7) representation of the contralateral forelimb, especially the ventral surface of the forepaw, is extensive, orderly, and precise; (8) representation of the contralateral hindlimb, foot, and tail is minimal, and is confined to the midline convexity; (9) the presence of a small region of bilateral representation, lateral to the regions of contralateral representation, was confirmed. It is suggested that the region of contralateral postcranial representation plus the medial rhinarium and mystacial vibrissa areas are the homologue of SmI in placental mammals, and the region of bilateral representation is homologous to SmII of placental mammals, but that the lateral vibrissa and rhinarium areas are a specialization of somatic sensory cortex unique to the Virginia opossum. PMID- 1245616 TI - Common personality patterns among alcoholic males: a multivariate study. PMID- 1245615 TI - Some personality characteristics of soldiers exposed to extreme war stress. PMID- 1245617 TI - Toward the objective diagnosis of psychopathology: generalizability of modal personality profiles. PMID- 1245618 TI - Effects of short-term public psychiatric hospitalization for both black and white patients. PMID- 1245619 TI - Predicting time of onset of marijuana use: a developmental study of high school youth. PMID- 1245620 TI - Fear level as a moderator of false feedback effects in snake phobics. PMID- 1245621 TI - Letter: Psychotherapy for religious neuroses? Comments on Cohen and Smith. PMID- 1245622 TI - Indirect treatment of children through principle-oriented parent consultation. PMID- 1245623 TI - Correlates of successful and unsuccessful psychotherapy. PMID- 1245624 TI - Discriminative effectiveness of two psychiatric screening instruments for a gerontological population. PMID- 1245626 TI - The I-E scale: control of what? PMID- 1245625 TI - Discriminant and factor analysis of the WAIS and the Satz-Mogel abbreviated WAIS on brain-damaged and psychiatric patients. PMID- 1245627 TI - Induction of mood states and their effect on cognitive and social behaviors. PMID- 1245628 TI - Bias in behavioral observation as a function of observer familiarity with subjects and typicality of behavior. PMID- 1245629 TI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles among subgroups of unwed mothers. PMID- 1245630 TI - Effects of "favorability", modality, and relevance on acceptance of general personality interpretations prior to and after receiving diagnostic feedback. PMID- 1245631 TI - Violent behavior and differential WAIS characteristics. PMID- 1245632 TI - Migraine: management by trained control of vasoconstriction. PMID- 1245633 TI - Role of stress in the prognosis of mental illness. PMID- 1245634 TI - Establishment of praise as a reinforcer in chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 1245635 TI - Sexual attitudes and experience: attitude and personality correlates and changes produced by a course in sexuality. PMID- 1245636 TI - Distinction in a sample of prominent psychotherapists. PMID- 1245637 TI - Determinants of selective memory about the self. PMID- 1245638 TI - Stimulation seeking in antisocial preadolescent children. PMID- 1245639 TI - The dimensions of stigma: the social situation of the mentally ill person and the male homosexual. PMID- 1245640 TI - Reversal of performance deficits and perceptual deficits in learned helplessness and depression. PMID- 1245641 TI - Role stress, personality, and psychopathology in a group of immigrant adolescents. PMID- 1245642 TI - The relative importance of socially induced tension and behavioral contagion for smoking behavior. PMID- 1245643 TI - Classroom seating and psychopathology: some initial data. PMID- 1245644 TI - Physiological correlates of learned helplessness in man. PMID- 1245645 TI - Sensitivity to syntactic structure: good versus poor premorbid schizophrenics. PMID- 1245646 TI - Overinclusion and self-editing in schizophrenia. PMID- 1245647 TI - Mnemonic organization and free recall in schizophrenia. PMID- 1245648 TI - Comparing traditional clinical procedures with four systems to diagnose schizophrenia. PMID- 1245649 TI - Availability of an avoidance response as related to autonomic arousal. PMID- 1245650 TI - Personality characteristics associated with psychedelic flashbacks in natural and experimental settings. PMID- 1245651 TI - Personality differences of volunteer and nonvolunteer heroin and nonheroin drug users. PMID- 1245652 TI - Characterization of proteins and allergens in germinating castor seeds by immunochemical techniques. PMID- 1245653 TI - Conversion of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) to water soluble products by microorganisms. PMID- 1245654 TI - Detection of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in tile-drain water from fields under intensive corn (maize) production. PMID- 1245655 TI - Behavior and fate of ethylenethiourea in plants. PMID- 1245656 TI - Synthesis and insecticidal activity of substituted 1-phenyl-3-benzoylureas and 1 phenyl-3-benzoyl-2-thioureas. PMID- 1245657 TI - Carbamate poisoning. Effect of certain carbamate pesticides on esterase levels in the pheasant (Phasianius colchicus) and pigeon (Columba livia). PMID- 1245658 TI - Metabolism of O-ethyl O-(4-methylthio)phenyl) S-propyl phosphorodithioate (BAY NTN 9306) by white rats. PMID- 1245660 TI - N'-(4-Chloro-o-tolyl)-N-methylformamidine (demethylchlordimeform) metabolism in the rat. PMID- 1245659 TI - Metabolic fate of O-ethyl O-(4-methylthio)phenyl-14C) S-propyl phosphorodithioate (BAY NTN 9306) in a lactating cow. PMID- 1245661 TI - Semiautomated determination of Di-Syston in granular formulations. PMID- 1245662 TI - Overcrowding factors of mosquito larvae. VII. Preparation and biological activity of methyloctadecanes and methylnonadecanes against mosquito larvae. PMID- 1245664 TI - Identification of salsolinol as a major dopamine metabolite in the banana. PMID- 1245663 TI - Synthesis and laboratory and field evaluation of a new, highly active and stable insect growth regulator. PMID- 1245665 TI - Irradiation studies of mallard duck eggs material containing Mirex. PMID- 1245666 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of neodecanoic acids in onions. PMID- 1245668 TI - Toxicity to white mice of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. PMID- 1245667 TI - Amino acid composition of isogenic lines in barley. PMID- 1245669 TI - Peroxidase activity in Golden Delicious apples as a possible parameter of ripening and senescence. PMID- 1245670 TI - Specific oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide by dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 1245671 TI - Quantitative determination of saccharin in food products by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. PMID- 1245673 TI - Simple, rapid quantitative determination of lysine and arginine by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1245672 TI - National Marine Fisheries Service preliminary survey of selected seafoods for mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic content. PMID- 1245674 TI - Light-dependent carotenoid synthesis in the tomato fruit. PMID- 1245676 TI - Do carbonylamine browning reactions occur in vivo? PMID- 1245675 TI - Distribution of protein within sweet potato roots (Ipomea batatas L.). PMID- 1245677 TI - Protein and amino acid changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds infected with Aspergillus oryzae. PMID- 1245678 TI - Metabolism of zearalenone by Fusarium roseum Graminearum. PMID- 1245679 TI - Triamcinolone acetonide aerosols for asthma. I. Effective replacement of systemic corticosteroid therapy. AB - Triamcinolone acetonide, a water-insoluble corticosteroid preparation in a Freon propelled metered-dose aerosol, was administered via a specially designed nebulizer to 22 adult patients with severe, chronic asthma. All patients had required oral corticosteroid therapy, daily, for several years, in order to control their incapacitating obstructive airways disease. During 4 wk of treatment with triamcinolone acetonide, taken in 4 daily doses totaling 8 to 28 inhalations (400-1,400 mcg) per day: (1) asthma remained under satisfactory control; (2) oral corticosteroids were stopped in 19 patients and reduced in 2, and 1 patient withdrew from the study; (3) adrenal cortical function returned to normal or near normal levels; (4) spirometric and plethysmographic measurements improved significantly; (5) daily self-measurements of peak expiratory flow showed a marked improvement in median weekly levels, as well as a reduction in daily variability. No immediate undesirable side effects were noted. These observations indicated that more extensive applications of topical corticosteroid therapy are justified as an effective, convenient, and relatively safe method for the preventive management of severe, persistent asthma. PMID- 1245680 TI - Comparison of respiratory and cardiovascular effects of isoproterenol, propranolol, and practolol in asthmatic and normal subjects. AB - Pulmonary functions, by means of FEV1, FVC, and airway resistance, and cardiovascular responses, i.e., ECG, blood pressure, and pulse contour, were measured in 10 control and 15 symptom-free asthmatic subjects during and after the infusions of isoproterenol, with or without previous administration of propranolol or practolol. Bronchial sensitivity to methacholine and response to isoproterenol after methacholine were also measured. Bronchial sensitivity to methacholine challenge was markedly enhanced by propranolol and the effect of isoproterenol infusion on the pulmonary function was also significantly diminished, whereas practolol did not reveal any effect on bronchial sensitivity to methacholine or isoproterenol. The above changes were much more profound in symptom-free asthmatic subjects than in control subjects. The results suggest that practolol does not significantly affect the beta-2 bronchial receptors, is safe to use in asthmatic subjects, and is consistent with an abnormality of these receptors in bronchial asthma. PMID- 1245681 TI - The relationship between HL-A antigens and lymphocyte response in ragweed allergy. AB - The association between clinical ragweed hypersensitivity and HL-A haplotype inheritance has been confirmed. The lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was greater in symptomatic individuals than in their asymptomatic relatives. PMID- 1245682 TI - Studies on the deterioration of antigen E in extracts of Ambrosia elatior. AB - Five per cent (w/v) extracts of defatted Ambrosia elatior pollen were prepared in bicarbonate-buffered saline (Coca's extract) and Coca's extract with 50% glycerol (Gly-Coca's extract). Sterile extracts were stored in untreated glassware and glassware coated with silicone. Stock extracts were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and stored at 5 +/- 3 degrees C. Extracts 1:20, 1:40, and 1:400 were assayed at approximately 6-wk intervals for antigen E. Quantitative determinations were made by modified double diffusion in agarose gels using known standards of antigen E for comparison. Results from the first year of this 3-yr study show no significant reduction in 1:20 Gly-Coca's extracts and a highly significant reduction of antigen E in 1:20 Coca's extracts. Further analysis of variance indicates significant reduction in all 1:40 and 1:400 extracts. Differences in the initial extracting solvents did not significantly affect these more dilute extracts. No significant differences were observed in the untreated and silicone-coated glassware. In terms of per cent antigen E reduction, 1:20 Gly Coca's showed negligible reduction and Coco's at 1:20 declined nearly 50% in antigen E content. Extracts stored at 1:40 retained only 40% of the original antigen E content, while diluted extracts stored at 1:400 retained only 35% of the initial antigen E after 1 yr of storage at 5 +/- 3 degrees C. PMID- 1245684 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies of the effects of sugar hydroxyl dissociation on nucleoside conformation. Arabinosyl nucleosides with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the pentose O(5') and O(2'). PMID- 1245683 TI - The effect of temperature and solvent environment on the conformational stability of 11-cis-retinal. PMID- 1245685 TI - A reinterpretation of paramagnetic line broadening in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of amino acids and peptides. I. The copper(II)--glycine system. PMID- 1245686 TI - Thyroid hormone stereochemistry. IV. Molecular conformation of 3'-isopropyl-3,5 diiodo-L-thyronine in the crystal and in solution. PMID- 1245687 TI - Synthetic models of deoxyribonucleic acid complexes with antimalarial compounds. I. Interaction of aminoquinoline with adenine and thymine. PMID- 1245688 TI - Letter: Trivalent copper as a probable intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by galactose oxidase. PMID- 1245689 TI - Letter: New synthetic reactions. Catalytic vs. stoichiometric allylic alkylation. Stereocontrolled approach to steroid side chain. PMID- 1245690 TI - Letter: Synthesis of (+/-)-crotepoxide, (+/-)-epicrotepoxide, and (+/-) isocrotepoxide. PMID- 1245691 TI - Ternary complexes in solution. XXIV. Metal ion bridging of stacked purine-indole adducts. The mixed-ligand complexes of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, tryptophan, and manganese(II), copper(II), or zinc(II). PMID- 1245692 TI - Interaction of metal ions with 8-azapurines. II. Synthesis and structure of bis(8 azahypoxanthinato)tetraaquocadmium(II). PMID- 1245693 TI - Resonance raman spectra of "blue" copper proteins and the nature of their copper sites. PMID- 1245694 TI - Theoretical calculations on thiamine and related compounds. II. Conformational analysis and electronic properties of 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine. PMID- 1245695 TI - Kinetic studies of the helix-coil transition in aqueous solutions of poly(alpha-L glutamic acid) using the electric field pulse method. PMID- 1245696 TI - Electronic relaxation processes in retinol and retinal: anomalous external heavy atom effects and temperature dependence of fluorescence. PMID- 1245697 TI - Conformational barriers in nucleoside analogs: the crystal structure of 3 deazaadenosine. PMID- 1245698 TI - Syntheses of isoalloxazines and isoalloxazine 5-oxides. A new synthesis of riboflavin. PMID- 1245699 TI - Letter: Preferred base sites of actinomycin-deoxyribonucleic acid bindings by circular dichroism. PMID- 1245700 TI - Reaction of singlet oxygen with alpha-ketocarboxylic acids. Oxidative decarboxylation and peroxyacid formation. PMID- 1245701 TI - Letter: Origin of the bisfuran ring structure in aflatoxin biosynthesis. PMID- 1245703 TI - Letter: Biomimetic polyene cyclizations. Asymmetric induction by a chiral center remote from the initiating cationic center. 11alpha-methylprogesterone. PMID- 1245702 TI - 13C spin lattice relaxation in the neuraminic acids. Evidence for an unusual intramolecular hydrogen bonding network. PMID- 1245705 TI - Letter: Stereochemistry and mechanism of reactions catalyzed by tryptophanase and tryptophan synthetase. PMID- 1245704 TI - Letter: A stereospecific total synthesis of racemic 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone via a biomimetic polyene cyclization. PMID- 1245706 TI - Crystal and molecular structure of an N-substituted porphyrin, chloro(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-N-ethylacetatoporphine)cobalt (II). PMID- 1245707 TI - The structure of dehydromethionine. An azasulfonium salt. PMID- 1245708 TI - Polynecleotides. XXX. Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides of cyclouridine phosphate. Hybridization with the oligomer of S-cycloadenosine phosphate to form left-handed helical complexes. PMID- 1245709 TI - Secretin. VI. Simultaneous "in situ" syntheses of three analogues of the C terminal tricosapeptide and a study of their conformation. PMID- 1245710 TI - Laser-excited Raman spectroscopy of biomolecules. VIII. Conformational study of bovine serum albumin. PMID- 1245711 TI - Nutritional status of Head Start and nursery school children. I. Food intake and anthropometric measurements. AB - Food intakes and anthropometric measurements of Head Start and nursery school children were compared in the fall and spring. Meals consumed at Head Start improved low calcium and ascorbic acid intakes. Iron intakes were low among both groups of children during both seasons. All children had high protein intakes in the fall and spring. Nursery school children consumed high levels of calcium and ascorbic acid and received more vitamin and mineral supplements. Anthropometric measurements indicated adequate and similar growth for all children during each season. Dietary intakes of mothers were less satisfactory than those of their children. Head Start mothers had the poorest diets, with frequent low intakes of energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and thiamin. Iron was the nutrient needed most by both groups of mothers. Nursery school mothers had especially high intakes of ascorbic acid, and consumed more vitamin and mineral supplements than Head Start mothers. PMID- 1245712 TI - Nutritional status of Head Start and nursery school children. II. Biochemical measurements. AB - At the beginning of a Head Start and nursery school program in the fall, nursery school children had significantly higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and mean corpuscular volume than Head Start children. The latter had a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and alpha 1 globulin level. In the spring, at the close of both preschool programs, nursery school children still had higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and mean corpuscular volume, and also a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total iron binding capacity. Head Start children exhibiting signs of anemia in the fall were improving in iron status in the spring. Normal blood protein levels for both groups of children indicated adequate protein status. This condition was confirmed by urinary analysis of urea, creatinine, and inorganic sulfate sulfur. PMID- 1245713 TI - Evaluation of a ghetto school breakfast program. AB - A program was initiated to provide a free breakfast at a ghetto elementary school. Community support was achieved at the expense of randomization of study subjects. While no significantly greater increase in school attendance or performance was detected in comparison with a control school, none of the students was malnourished and diets of students in the control school were as adequate as those in the breakfast school. Thus, it cannot be concluded that school breakfast programs would not benefit malnourished children or teen-agers who most often go without breakfast. PMID- 1245714 TI - Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet and alcohol on perceptual motor skill. AB - Eleven adults of both sexes ate a low-carbohydrate diet consisting mainly of meat, fish, and eggs for two days. After a low-carbohydrate breakfast on the third day, they operated a Stressalyzer to test their basic perceptual motor skill. Each subject drank 1.5 oz. rye whiskey at hourly intervals from 9:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Blood glucose decreased to below 50 mg. per 100 ml. in three of the eleven subjects; two of the three had decreased perceptual motor skill. PMID- 1245715 TI - Validity of the 24-hr. recall. Analysis of data obtained from elderly subjects. AB - Tests of the validity of the 24-hr. dietary recall were done by comparing actual with recalled intakes for eight nutrients and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) for a sample of seventy-six subjects age sixty years or older. Validity was tested by using paired-t tests and regression analysis. In the paired-t test, no significant difference was found between the mean recalled and the mean actual intake of nutrients, with the exception of calories. Using regression analysis, results indicated that for three of the eight nutrients considered (calories, protein, and vitamin A), small intakes tend to be over-reported and large intakes under-reported (p less than .05). Thus, for these three nutrients, the recall seems to be statistically conservative for group comparisons; it would seldom, if ever, indicate a difference in intake where no difference exists. But, it could yield a false negative, i.e., an indication of no significant difference, when, in fact, a difference does exist. Clearly, more research is needed, both to replicate this study and to develop techniques with greater internal validity for comparing the dietary intakes of groups. PMID- 1245716 TI - Comments on dietary intake of drug-dependent persons. AB - Interviews by means of a questionnaire were used to study the food habits and estimate the nutritional value of food eaten by forty clients in a methadone maintenance program and nineteen clients in a drug detoxification program in a drug treatment center, Marin Open House, San Rafael, California. Although responses to the questionnaires were highly varied, many subjects reported that drugs did affect appetite or cause craving for certain foods. Patients in the detoxification program tended to eat meals either once or twice a day, whereas one-third of those in the methadone program ate three or more meals daily. Over 90 per cent of the clients reported eating snacks. Foods consumed in inadequate amounts included fruits and vegetables high in either vitamin A or ascorbic acid, liver and other meats, and whole grain and enriched cereals or bread. Food consumed as reported on a 24-hr. recall was evaluated by a computer program, and the tabulation was compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Diets were considered to be inadequate if nutrient intakes were below two-thirds of the allowances. In general, the clients in the detoxification program consumed less adequate amounts of the nutrients studied than the methadone group. The females in both groups consumed less adequate diets than the males. About two-fifths of the men of both groups and about three-fourths of the women had diets inadequate in three or more nutrients by the standards chosen. In spite of the limitations of this study, the results do point to the existence and type of nutritional problems likely to be encountered in drug-dependent persons and in those undergoing treatment. The need for nutrition counseling is evident. PMID- 1245717 TI - Analysis of alpha-branched fatty acids by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 1245718 TI - Rapid densitometric determination of triglyceride groups by argentation thin layer chromatography. PMID- 1245719 TI - Synthesis of 1,5-dimethylalkanes, components of insect hydrocarbons. PMID- 1245720 TI - A community response to pharmacy crime. PMID- 1245722 TI - Hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 1245721 TI - The drug compendium controversy. PMID- 1245723 TI - A case report and ambulatory surgery discussion. PMID- 1245724 TI - Lesser toe latex shield made with tubular gauze. PMID- 1245725 TI - A podiatric screening program involving 105 high school and college wrestlers. PMID- 1245726 TI - Is "I.T.A." limiting your professional success? PMID- 1245727 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 1245728 TI - The relationship of the ossification centers of the talus and calcaneus to the developing bone. PMID- 1245729 TI - Medications utilized for 100 podiatric surgery patients, podiatry associates of Winston-Salem, North Carolina. PMID- 1245730 TI - Elective podiatric surgery in the geriatric patient. PMID- 1245731 TI - Congenital-bilateral cock-up toe deformity. Case report. PMID- 1245732 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A case report. PMID- 1245733 TI - C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF): stabilization of fluid phase and cell-bound alternative pathway convertase. AB - C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) defined by the capacity of nephritic serum and its fractions to initiate loss of the B antigen of C3 in normal serum was purified from the serum of three different donors and shown to function by stabilization of membrane-bound and fluid phase alternative pathway C3 convertase. C3NeF converts cell-bound C3B sites in a dose-related manner to CEB(NeF) sites, which exhibit an approximate 10-fold increase in half-life. The linear relationship between the C3NeF input and the residual hemolytic sites on EAC43B present after incubation for 20 min at 30 degrees C, during which labile C3B sites have decayed, indicates that the number of residual C3B sites is directly related to the dose of C3NeF. The capacity of C3NeF to stabilize the C3B convertase in a temperature- and dose-dependent manner, which is independent of binding or consumption of C3NeF, in a fluid phase reaction mixture of 125I-B, 131I-C3 and D permits isolation of a 10S complex containing radiolabeled C3 and B and exhibiting C3, convertase activity on an exogenous C3 source. Thus, the stabilizing effect of C3NeF is not limited to membrane-bound C3B but is also sufficient to permit recovery of a fluid phase C3 convertase formed during the interaction of C3, B, and D. PMID- 1245734 TI - Effect of cold exposure on the metabolism of immunoglobulins in rabbits. AB - The effect of low environmental temperature on the metabolism of IgG and IgM was examined in unimmunized rabbits. The half-lives of both IgG and IgM were less in animals kept at 4 degrees C for 6 weeks than in animals kept at 22 degrees C. Serum concentration of IgM and GG were unaltered by cold exposure but intravascular pool sizes tended to increase as a consequence of an expanded serum volume. Fractional turnover rates of both IgM and IgG were greater in cold exposed animals. At both 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C, the fractional catabolic rate of IgM was independent of its serum concentration whereas that of IgG was correlated directly with its serum concentration. Absolute turnover of both IgM and IgG was accelerated by cold exposure. It is suggested that increased synthesis of immunoglobulin could account for the higher levels of antibody reportedly found in cold-exposed rabbits. PMID- 1245735 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to mumps virus infection in man. AB - The antibody and cell-mediated immune response to mumps virus infection was studied in groups of subjects after natrually acquired mumps virus infection, after parenteral immunization with live attenuated mumps vaccine, and in a population of mumps seronegative subjects. The technique of neutralization of tissue culture infectivity was utilized to study mumps specific antibody. The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was detected by specific immune release (SIR) of radioactivity by purified lymphocytes after they were reacted with radioactive chromium (51Cr) labeled human conjunctival cell cultures chronically infected with mumps virus. No SIR activity was observed in lymphocytes obtained from cord blood and young individuals seronegative for antibody to mumps virus. Detectable SIR activity was observed in a few older seronegative subjects; however, immunization with mumps vaccine in such antibody negative subjects failed to result in the development of any antibody response in the serum. High SIR activity was observed in the lymphocytes of naturally infected and vaccinated subjects. Although all naturally infected or immunized subjects had varying levels of mumps specific antibody activity in the serum, no correlation existed between the levels of antibody and SIR activity. These observations suggest the development of mumps specific in vitro correlates of CMI after naturally acquired or vaccine-induced mumps virus infection. PMID- 1245736 TI - Effect of VHa locus allotype-suppression on the expression of closely linked VHx, VHy, and Cmun genes in heterozygous rabbits. AB - Injection of a1x-y-n81/a2x32y33n82 heterozygous rabbit at birth with anti-a2 allotype antiserum suppresses the production of the VHa2 gene product a2 Ig as well as the expression of the closely linked Cmun gene product n82 but not of the closely linked VHx and VHy gene products x32 and x33. This effect is related to the appearance of a2 and n82 on the same IgM molecules whereas a2, x32, and y33 appear on different Ig molecules. PMID- 1245737 TI - Clq inhibition of the interaction of collagen with human platelets. AB - Human Clq, isolated in pure state after affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose, inhibited collagen-induced aggregation and release of 14C-Serotonin from prelabeled human platelets. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin was not inhibited by Clq. Also, the adherence of platelets to glass surfaces was significantly diminished by Clq. In contrast, aggregated Clq mimicked the effect of collagen in causing platelet aggregation and release of serotonin. It appears that monomeric Clq, which has structural similarities to collagen competes with collagen for specific sites on the platelet surface. PMID- 1245738 TI - Number of macrophages and distribution of mitotic activity in regressing and progressing Moloney sarcomas. AB - The concentration of macrophages per gram tumor was as much as five times greater in regressing compared to progressing Moloney sarcomas. Infiltrating monocular cells, including macrophages, were closely associated with a cessation of mitotic activity in tumors. PMID- 1245739 TI - Loss of carrier-determined tolerance in vitro with loss of receptor blockade. AB - Experiments were done to determine whether carrier-determined tolerance is reversible and whether the loss of tolerance is accompanied by the loss of receptor blockade. Spleen cells from mice made tolerant with DNP-isologous IgG remained tolerant when transferred to irradiated syngeneic mice. If these same tolerant spleen cells were incubated for 24 hr or more before transfer the tolerance was lost. Autoradiology was done on the tolerant cells with either 125I anti-DNP or 125DNP-KLH, before and after incubation in vitro. When the cells were tolerant the number of DNP ABC was decreased whereas cells having DNP on their surface were increased. When the cells lost tolerance after in vitro incubation, the hapten-bearing cells were no longer present although the number of cells free DNP receptors increased to normal. These data suggest that in carrier determined tolerance the reactivation of tolerant lymphocytes may involve reversible receptor blockade. PMID- 1245740 TI - Detection of immune complexes in unheated sera by modified 125I-Clq binding test. Effect of heating on the binding of Clq by immune complexes and application of the test to systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The 125I-Clq binding test was modified in order to allow for the detection of immune complexes in native unheated human serum. Indeed, heat-inactivation (56 degrees, 30 min) was found to reduce the Clq-binding activity of immune complexes mixed with native serum. This effect was not observed when EDTA was added to the native serum before mixing the immune complexes. The modified 125I-Clq binding test was performed in two steps: first, the tested native serum sample was incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C with 0.13 M EDTA in order to prevent the integration of 125I-Clq into the intrinsic Clqrs complex, second, 125I-Clq and polyethylene glycol (final concentration 2.5%) were added to this mixture, and further incubated for 1 hr at 4 degrees C. Under these conditions, free Clq remained soluble whereas Clq bound to macromolecular complexes was precipitated. The competitive effect of intrinsic Clq and the interference of other substances such as DNA or bacterial LPS were very limited. The modified Clq binding test was applied to the clinical investigation of 44 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; and increased Clq binding activity (Clq-BA) was observed in 91% of the samples. The level of Clq-BA was found to be significantly correlated to the DNA-binding capacity and to the decrease of the level of some complement components. PMID- 1245741 TI - Antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity in a defined system: regulation by antigen, antibody, and complement. AB - The use of a serum-free environment and target cells carrying defined amounts of radiolabeled antigen allowed a quantitative study of the role of antigen, antibody, and complement on antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity (AbMC). For lysis to occure, a minimum number of antigen molecules must be present on the target cell. 51Cr release from target cells with lower antigen density requires larger concentration of effector cells and antibodies. Target cell-bound complement, itself unable to mediate cytotoxicity, reduces the number of IgG molecules required for lysis. The antibody and complement, however, have to be bound to the same target cell. Bystander complement-coated erythrocytes, present in the same reaction mixture with IgG-coated targets, are not lysed. Blocking of AbMC is effected only by antigen, either soluble or in immune complexes prepared in antigen excess. Antigen competes at the level of the target cell. Blocking at the level of the effector cell, by use of immune complexes prepared at equivalence or in antibody excess, is difficult to achieve. The large number of cells with Fc receptors contained in mouse spleens may explain this finding. Arming of effector cells by passive binding of immune complexes is poorly effective as a means of obtaining lysis of the target cells. In all situations, the outcome of the reaction is determined by the presence of free antibody-combining sites, alone, or in immune complexes, that are able to combine with the target cell membrane antigen. The requirements for lysis are rather stringent. PMID- 1245742 TI - The effects of external K+ and Na+ on the chemotaxis of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. AB - Extracellular K+ enhances the chemotactic responsiveness and spontaneous movememt of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils but is not required for these functions. Other monovalent cations act the same; the rank order of their effectiveness is K+ = NH4 greater than Rb+ Cs+ greater than Li = Na. The K+ specific ionophore, valinomycin (10-7 M) inhances chemotaxis in the presence of K+ but not in its absence; another K+ specific ionophore, nigericin (10-7 M) inhibits chemotaxis in the absence of K+ but not in its presence. Ouabain (5 x 10 6 M) prevents the enhancing effects of K+ on chemotaxis. Removing the Na+ of the buffer and substituting it with K+, choline or glucose greatly enhances spontaneous motility but depresses chemotactic activity. One hypothesis suggested by the above results is that as a part of their action, chemotactic factors stimulate a net influx of K+ into the neutrophil; an alternative or additional hypothesis is that chemotactic factors stimulate a net efflux of Na+ from the neutrophil. PMID- 1245743 TI - Beta-glucuronidase in the serum and hemolymph cells of Mercenaria mercenaria and Crassostrea virginica (Mollusca: Pelecypoda). PMID- 1245744 TI - Chemotactic attraction of Crassostrea virginica hemolymph cells to Staphylococcus lactus. PMID- 1245745 TI - Pathology of mosquito iridescent virus of Aedes taeniorhynchus in cell cultures of Aedes aegypti. PMID- 1245746 TI - Opsonic involvement in phagocytosis by mollusk hemocytes. PMID- 1245747 TI - Phagocytosis as a cellular immune response mechanism in the American lobster, Homarus americanus. PMID- 1245748 TI - Factors affecting human percutaneous penetration of methotrexate and its analogues in vitro. AB - Factors affecting the percutaneous penetration of methotrexate (MTX) and its analogues through excised human skin were studied. With application of 0.05% MTX solution to the epidermis, 0.07% of the applied dose was recovered in the epidermis and less than 0.005% penetrated completely through the skin. The percent of drug which penetrated remained constant from 0.05% to 2.0% MTX and was also unchanged by increasing incubation temperature from 28 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Cellophane tape stripping of stratum corneum following drug incubation removed essentially all the MTX that had been measured in whole epidermis. Binding of MTX was localized to the outermost layers of the stratum corneum. With removal of the stratum corneum prior to drug incubation, 25% of the applied MTX penetrated through the skin. Various vehicles were tested to determine their effect on MTX percutaneous absorption. Dimethylsulfoxide (80%), dimethylacetamide (25%), or retinoic acid (0.1%) had no effect on penetration. Maximum enhancement of penetration by 25-fold and 143-fold was obtained with retinoic acid (saturated solution in aqueous ethanol) and C-10-methylsulfoxide (2.5%), respectively. The penetration of lipid-soluble derivatives of MTX was also tested. The compound that penetrated best was the dimethyl ester of dichloro-MTX with a 3-fold increase in penetration over MTX. PMID- 1245749 TI - Distribution of cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide formation and its metabolism in mouse skin. AB - The distribution of cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide in ultraviolet light irradiated mouse skin was determined. Highest levels of cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha epoxide were found in the epidermis and distributed rather evenly throughout all subcellular fractions. Low but potentially significant levels of the compound diffused from the epidermis. Metabolic studies demonstrated that cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide was converted to cholestane-3ss,5alpha,6ss-triol by an enzyme, cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide hydrase, which was localized in the epidermal fractions sedimenting at 10,000 and 100,000 X g. Comparative studies indicated a much higher capacity for metabolism of cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha expoide in liver than in skin. The effect of the epoxide and its metabolic product on the skin is discussed. PMID- 1245750 TI - The induction of human multinucleated monocytes in culture. AB - The formation of multinucleated giant cells in vitro has been studied using human monocyte cultures. Multinucleated monocytes appeared early in the course of the culture, indicating that they are not purely a phenomenon found only in aging cultures. In 4 of the 33 normal adults, more than 20% of multinucleated forms appeared in the cultures. Supernatants from early monocyte cultures of those subjects having a high incidence of multinucleated cells induced the formation of multinucleated cells in other cultures. This effect did not occur when supernatant from subjects with low counts of multinucleated cells were incubated with other monocyte cultures. PMID- 1245751 TI - Phosphonoacetic acid treatment of shope fibroma and vaccinia virus skin infections in rabbits. AB - The antiviral efficacy of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) was studied in localized skin lesions of rabbits produced by the intradermal inoculation of vaccinia virus (VV) and of Shope fibroma virus (SFV). Systemic administration of PAA by intraperitoneal injections had no significant effect on the pustular lesions induced by VV or on the benign skin tumors caused by SFV. A complete suppression of the appearance of VV-induced pustular lesions was achieved by 2% PAA ointment applied twice daily for 4 days, starting 24 hr after virus inoculation. A significant effect against SFV-induced tumors was obtained by PAA ointment applied beginning either 24 or 72 hr after virus inoculation. A complete suppression of SFV-induced tumors was observed when a dose of 10 mg PAA was injected intralesionally once daily for 5 days, beginning treatment 24 hr after virus inoculation. A significant reduction of the intensity of the tumors was seen following the same treatment schedule but with a delay of 72 hr after virus inoculation or by reducing the length of treatment to 3 days or with a dose of 1 mg injected intradermally daily for 5 days. After the healing of the lesions, PAA treated rabbits were resistant to reinfections to the same extent as those in which spontaneous healing had occurred. PMID- 1245752 TI - Inhibition of the in vivo effects of concanavalin-A on mammalian epidermis by alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside. AB - Concanavalin-A (Con-A) injected intradermally into newborn rats produces inhibition of granular-cell formation, accumulation of spinous cells, glycogen deposition, and a decrease followed by an increase in the number of basal cells in DNA synthesis. These changes were maximal with a dose of 0.1 mg Con-A, although 0.005, 0.01, and 0.05 mg caused some epidermal changes. The Con-A effects were partially blocked when 0.1 ml of 0.3 or 0.1 M alpha-methyl-D glucopyranoside (alphaMG) solution was injected 2 hr after 0.1 mg Con-A and completely inhibited by injection of 0.1 ml of 3.0 M alphaMG solution. The inhibitory effects were not seen after injection of 0.1 ml of 3.0 M N-acetyl galactosamine saline solution, or 0.1 ml normal saline. Injection of alphaMG alone did not cause any changes in epidermal cells. These results indicate that specific sugar inhibits Con-A effects on mammalian epidermis in vivo. PMID- 1245753 TI - Skin in dermatosparaxis. Dermal microarchitecture and biomechanical properties. AB - Dermatosparaxis is a heritable disorder of the connective tissue observed in the calf and is related to the presence in the dermis of a form of procollagen, rather than collagen, forming the fibrous support of the skin. This alteration results from the lack of activity of procollagen peptidase, an enzyme required for the final processing of procollagen in collagen. Skin in dermatosparaxis displays abnormal mechanical properties. Procollagen forms poorly structured fibers loosely packed in sheets and dispersed within an excess of glycosaminoglycans. This disturbed architectural organization is responsible for the hyperextensibility and poor elasticity of the dermatosparactic dermis. Skin fragility is related to the impaired mechanical properties of the procollagen polymers. Rupture occurs in the mid-dermis in a location where the connective tissue is devoid of adnexae and elastic fibers. PMID- 1245754 TI - Monocytopoiesis in chronic eczematous diseases, psoriasis vulgaris, and mycosis fungoides. AB - Monocytopoiesis and blood monocytes were examined in 8 patients with disseminated chronic eczematous diseases, 8 patients with disseminated psoriasis vulgaris, and 8 patients with mycosis fungoides in plaque or tumor stage. Monocytopoiesis was moderately stimulated in all these patients. The stimulation manifested itself by: (1) a rise in relative number of promonocytes in bone marrow in all patients with eczema, in 1 out of 8 patients with psoriasis, and in 7 out of 9 examinations in patients with mycosis fungoides; (2) a rise in [3H]thymidine labeling indices of medullar promonocytes (8/8 eczema, 7/7 psoriasis, 8/9 mycosis fungoides); and (3) a rise in the naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase activity of blood monocytes, indicating premature monocyte marrow egress (3/5 eczema, 7/8 psoriasis, 9/9 mycosis fungoides). In eczema and psoriasis the mean enhancement of monocytopoietic activity was similar but less pronounced than in mycosis fungoides. In the latter disease there was no correlation between measured parameters and visible skin lesions. The results were interpreted as indicative of increased monocyte consumption by pathologic, immunologic, and/or inflammatory processes. PMID- 1245755 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene responsivity in disseminated coccidioidomycosis: an inverse correlation with complement-fixing antibody titers. AB - The immunologic status of 25 patients with disseminated coccidiodomycosis was evaluated by serum anticoccidioidin complement-fixing antibody levels, coccidiodin skin tests, and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization. In the 10 patients who had disseminated disease and a complement-fixing titer of 1:32 or less, responses to DNCB were similar to those of 20 controls. In the 15 patients with disseminated disease and a complement-fixing titer of 1:64 or more, responses to DNCB were statistically significantly diminished compared to controls (p = 0.002). Since the complement-fixing titer is associated with extent of dissemination, these results signify a relationship between diminished DNCB responses and extensive dissemination. Of the several hypotheses which might explain this relationship, we find the most attractive is that of a nonspecific deficiency of cell-mediated immunity developing secondarily to extensive disseminated disease. PMID- 1245756 TI - Mechanism of reappearance of contact sensitivity to DNCB in desensitized guinea pigs. AB - The different immunologic activities of lymph node and spleen cells as compared to peritoneal exudate cells were studied in temporarily desensitized, DNCB contact-sensitive guinea pigs. Lymph node (and spleen) lymphocytes: (a) transfer contact sensitivity to syngeneic recipients when harvested at the time of unresponsiveness; (b) are only temporarily inactivated in tolerant recipients by the desensitizing procedure; (c) enter the lymph node (or spleen) compartments in a higher proportion than peritoneal exudate cells; (d) are not susceptible to inactivation in vitro; and (e) are not permanently desensitized when released into the circulation by an intravenous injection of Bordetella pertussis vaccine. These results indicate that the resistance of primed lymph node cells to the desensitizing procedure may account for the reappearance of contact sensitivity in desensitized guinea pigs. PMID- 1245757 TI - Letter: Lysosomes in the skin. PMID- 1245758 TI - Recurrent bacterial infections in four siblings with neutropenia, eosinophilia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia A, and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - Four siblings with recurrent bacterial infections, neutrophil chemotactic defect, neutropenia, and eosinophilia were studied. During periods of infection the peripheral neutrophil count increased to normal, while the eosinophilia disappeared. In addition, these children had high levels of serum IgA and poor antibody responses to tetanus and polio vaccinations. A defect in cell-mediated immunity was demonstrated by an absent or weak reactivity to various skin test antigens and by abnormal lymph node histology. Thus these siblings had an unusual combination of defective inflammatory response and immunologic abnormalities. PMID- 1245759 TI - Effects of cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, and 6-azauridine on rabies virus in vitro and in vivo. AB - The antiviral agents cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, and 6-azauridine were shown to inhibit the replication of rabies virus in vitro but not the replication of Sindbis virus. These same drugs were not effective in reducing the mortality rate in mice challenged with street rabies virus. PMID- 1245760 TI - Malaria surveillance in the United States, 1974. PMID- 1245761 TI - Arthritis in mice due to infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis. II. Serological and histological features. AB - Histological and serological data were obtained from a group of 160 mice given intravenous inoculations of 3.5 X 10(7) colony-forming units of Mycoplasma pulmonis and studied for 46 weeks. The basic pathology was that of an initial acute inflammatory response within the joint and periarticular tissues, slowly changing to a chronic inflammatory response seen predominantly in subsynovial areas with marked synovial proliferation. Occasional lymphoid follicles and plasma cells were seen in the subsynovial spaces. Titers of antibody to M. pulmonis were determined by both metabolic inhibition and indirect hemagglutination techniques. By the metabolic inhibition method, titers were highest between two and 22 weeks, and by indirect hemagglutination between four and 42 weeks. Antibodies to synovial antigens were present between nine and 26 weeks as determined by indirect hemagglunination. Serologic cross-reactions were found between M. pulmonis and normal mouse synovium in sera from infected mice and, by indirect hemagglutination, metabolic inhibition, and immunodiffusion techniques, in sera of rabbits or mice immunized with either M. pulmonis or mouse synovium. PMID- 1245762 TI - Immunochemistry of otitis media with effusion. AB - For investigation of the nature and origin of middle ear effusions, immunochemical studies were performed on more than 400 patients diagnosed as having otitis media with effusion. Although results of cellulose acetate and disc electrophoretic analyses and quantitation of IgG, IgA, and IgM suggested that proteins found in the effusions were derived for the most part from the serum, quantitative analysis of secretory IgA revealed the existence of appreciable amounts of secretory IgA in both serous and mucoid effusions. The antigenicity and subunit structure of the secretory IgA isolated from middle ear effusions were identical or very similar to those of secretory IgA obtained from other external secretions. Radioactive single radial diffusion analysis of IgE showed that the mean concentrations of IgE in effusions and sera were within normal ranges. Findings of this study suggest that the middle ear maintains the local immunologic defense system, that the middle ear effusion is at least partially an external secretion, and that IgE in middle ear effusions obtained from old patients, rather than being a local product, may be derived from the serum. PMID- 1245763 TI - Attenuated influenza virus in normal adults: role of pulmonary function studies in vaccine trials. AB - A live attenuated virus, influenza A/Hong Kong/68(H3N2)-ts-1[E], was administered to 10 normal volunteers. Infection resulted in minor upper respiratory tract symptoms in one volunteer. An isolate from one volunteer contained a presumed revertant wild-type virus, but no clinical significance could be ascribed to this infection. Since infection with natural influenza A virus adversely affects airway dynamics, serial tests of pulmonary function were performed, including measurements of forced expiratory flow rates, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, closing volume, and total pulmonary resistance at various frequencies by the oscillometric technique. All tests performed before and on days 3, 30, and 60 after administration of virus yielded normal results throughout the study; these results suggested that there was no inflammatory response to the candidate vaccine in either the large or the small airways. Determination of total pulmonary resistance by the oscillometric technique proved to be a simple and acceptable procedure and may be useful in large-scale epidemiologic studies. PMID- 1245764 TI - Comparison of amphotericin B and amphotericin B methyl ester: efficacy in murine coccidioidomycosis and toxicity. AB - The methyl ester of amphotericin B was compared with the parent compound, amphotericin B, in terms of therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis and of toxicity. Infections were established by intraperitoneal or intratracheal inoculation with arthrospores. The mice were given either intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of drug for 30 days, according to several dosage schedules. At low doses, amphotericin B methyl ester was less effective therapeutically than was amphotericin B; however, at higher doses, amphotericin B was directly lethal and/or nephrotoxic, whereas the methyl ester was therapeutically effective and nontoxic. In contrast to amphotericin B, the methyl ester did not cause either azotemia or histopathologic changes in the kidneys. PMID- 1245765 TI - Uptake of antibiotics by human erythrocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes have been used as a model system for the study of uptake and release of antibiotics. Penicillin G, dicloxacillin, tetracycline, and minocycline were all taken up by the cells, but each showed a characteristic ratio of distribution between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Comparison of the penicillin analogues indicated that dicloxacillin, the more lipid-soluble compound, reached higher intracellular concentrations than did penicillin G. Use of human plasma as the incubation medium markedly decreased antibiotic uptake and enhanced antibiotic egress from preloaded cells. These effects were related to the binding of drugs to serum proteins. In vivo studies in which penicillin G was injected intravenously by bolus and was then given by constant infusion showed that intraerythrocytic concentrations of drug after 2 hr approached or exceeded those in plasma. These results can be explained, in part, by the fact that the slower rate of efflux of penicillin G from the cells than of clearance from plasma serves to maintain the high initial levels of drug for a longer period. PMID- 1245766 TI - Current status of passive immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the newborn. AB - The extent of transplacentally derived immunity to the toxins of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani was assessed by a hemagglutination technique using the cord sera of a group of infants recently born in Bronx, New York. Protective levels of antitoxin to C. diphtheriae were found in 64% of the infants. Tetanus antitoxin was present in sufficient quantity for protection in 38% of the cord sera. While this degree of immunity reepresents an improvement over that achieved 20 years ago and probably reflects the effects of immunization procedures, further attention to the maintenance of immunizations in women of childbearing age would improve these statistics. PMID- 1245767 TI - Synergistic action of amphotericin B and rifampin against Candida species. AB - Amphotericin B and rifampin act synergistically against certain yeasts in vitro. Whether this synergism is a general phenomenon or whether the effect has strict species and strain requirements was studied. Included in a survey of the genus Candida were eight human isolates of Candida albicans and one strain each of Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermodnii, and Candida stellatoidea. Cultures in both control and drug-containing liquid medium were incubated at 37 C with aeration. Effects of the drugs were determined from viability assays performed at zero-time and at 17 hr. Amphotericin C and rifampin were judged to be synergistic if any one of three different sets of criteria was met. Combined activity greater than the sums of individual drug effects was required in each set of criteria. Partially inhibitory or fungistatic levels of amphotericin B and noninhibitory concentrations of rifampin acted synergistically against all strains of Candida examined. Within the genus Candida, synergism of amphotericin B and rifampin appears to be a rather general phenomenon. PMID- 1245768 TI - Immunizations: where the money should be. PMID- 1245769 TI - Medicine and the two faces of virology. PMID- 1245770 TI - Letter: Adequacy of antibiotic dosages in treatment of osteomyelitis. PMID- 1245771 TI - Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. IX. Trichuriasis. PMID- 1245772 TI - Tetracyclines. Adverse effects. PMID- 1245773 TI - Temporal lobe dysfunction. A case report. PMID- 1245774 TI - 100% by '76. Crawford County PAP smear clinic. PMID- 1245775 TI - Patients rate hospitalization. How patients perceive treatment programs in a mental hospital. PMID- 1245776 TI - Case reports. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 1245778 TI - Bullous myringitis. PMID- 1245777 TI - Clindamycin associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis and toxic megacolon. PMID- 1245779 TI - Sicca syndrome. Treatment. PMID- 1245780 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human C-reactive protein and levels in normal sera. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) has been considered an acute-phase protein which appears only during reactions of tissue injury or inflammation. We report here the quantitation of CRP levels in normal adults and neonates made possible by the development of a sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay for human CRP which enables the detection of 3 ng. per milliliter. Serum levels in 153 healthy blood donors ranged from 68 to 8,200 ng. per milliliter, with a median value of 580 ng. per milliliter (mean = 1,340 ng. per milliliter). CRP levels in 24 normal cord serum samples ranged from 10 to 370 ng. per milliliter, with a median value of 70 ng. per milliliter (mean = 109 ng. per milliliter). CRP levels in 246 individuals evaluated for autoimmune diseases ranged to 256,000 ng. per milliliter with a median value of 13,000 ng. per milliliter (mean = 38,000 ng. per milliliter). No individual lacking CRP was detected. Thus, CRP can be considered a component of normal serum which only increases dramatically in concentration during inflammation. PMID- 1245781 TI - Quantitative evaluation of serum pancreatic isoamylases in cystic fibrosis. AB - The amylase in sera of 20 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CFP), 17 of whom had pancreatic insufficiency (PI), and of 34 normal control subjects was separated into its pancreatic and salivary components and quantitated. Electrophoretic separation was achieved on polyacrylamide disc gels with subsequent sectioning of the gel columns. The amylase content in international units per liter (IU/L.) was obtained for each section by the insoluble blue starch substrate method. The mean total serum amylase of the CFP patients with PI was significantly lower than the control group. A highly significant decrease was found when the pancreatic isoamylase was considered alone. The salivary isoamylase level remained essentially the same. Three patients with CFP but without PI demonstrated higher than normal pancreatic amylase values in the serum. These patients may be in an early stage of a progressive involvement of the pancreas in which there is an increased release of amylase. This method of electrophoretic separation and quantitation of the serum amylase is sensitive and efficient and allows the simultaneous processing of multiple specimens. The results obtained agree with previously published ratios of serum isoamylases. Our method should be valuable in the study of other diseases of the exocrine pancreas and salivary glands. PMID- 1245782 TI - Satisfactory radioiodination of rabbit fibrinogen using chloramine-T. AB - A method for radioiodination of fibrinogen using chloramine-T is described. Samples of greater than 90 per cent clottable counts were obtained. Electrophoretic mobility and immunodiffusion showed that the entire radioactivity was present in the fibrinogen band. In vivo studies on the turnover of this labeled product in rabbits showed a half-life of 52.8 to 61.7 hours in two batches of animals. The results compare very well with the reported results obtained from fibrinogen labeled with radioactive iodine by the iodine monochloride method. The advantages of the new method are indicated. PMID- 1245783 TI - Clot retraction: evaluation in dilute suspensions of platelet-rich plasma and gel separated platelets. AB - Suspensions of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or gel-separated platelets (GSP) can be used to evaluate clot retraction subsequent to platelet aggregation and fibrin formation. PRP (200,000 per cubic millimeter) or GSP (200,000 or 100,000 per cubic millimeter) are diluted 1:10 (PRP) or 1:8 (GSP) in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and clotted with a high concentration (2.5 U. per milliliter) of thrombin. Human fibrinogen (25 mg. per cent) is added to GSP prior to dilution. Clot retraction is 91 to 100 per cent completed in 1 hour and is quantified by measurement of residual fluid volume. Test conditions are unfavorable for fibrinolysis. Very low concentrations of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products D and E are detected in residual fluid, and no erythrocyte fall-out occurs. Furthermore, the extent of retraction in the dilute systems is related only to platelet numbers and platelet function. The dilute PRP and GSP methods allow evaluation of clot retraction in the presence of PGE1, the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by conventional concentrations of collagen, ADP, epinephrine, and thrombin (0.1 to 0.5 U. per milliliter). High concentrations of PGE1 (to 6 x 10(-6) M) do not inhibit aggregation of GSP, fibrin formation, or platelet-fibrin interaction induced by 2.5 U. per milliliter of thrombin. In contrast, PGE1 concentrations as low as 1.5 to 3.0 x 10(-8) M inhibit clot retraction in both the dilute PRP and GSP systems. Thus, using dilute PRP or GSP the effects of platelet aggregation inhibitors on clot retraction can be determined independently of effects on platelet aggregation. PMID- 1245784 TI - Influence of renin depletion on renal function after release of 24-hour ureteral obstruction. AB - A marked increase in preglomerular resistance mediated through the renin angiotensin system has been proposed as the mechanism for the sustained decrease in glomerular filtration rate seen following release of 24-hour ureteral obstruction. The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in mediating this response was evaluated by determining whole kidney and single nephron function following release of 24-hour ureteral obstruction in rats with normal renal renin content and in rats depleted of renal renin by desoxycorticosterone acetate acetate (DOCA) and saline treatment. The DOCA and saline treatment was effective in reducing renal renin content to less than 10% of the normal values. However, when compared to nonobstructed kidneys, both whole kidney filtration rate and single nephron filtration rate were similarly and significantly reduced in both groups following release of 24-hour ureteral obstruction. Single nephron stopflow techniques were used to determine the net hydrostatic force for filtration. The net hydrostatic force for filtration in control nonobstructed nephrons averaged 37.8 +/- 1.1 mm. Hg, but was significantly decreased to 22.5 +/- 2.2 mm. Hg in the normal renin obstructed kidney and to 18.8 +/- 1.0 mm. Hg in the renin depleted obstructed kidney. It is concluded that the marked depression in glomerular filtration rate seen following release of 24-hour ureteral obstruction is due to increased afferent arteriole resistance and that the renin-angiotensin system is apparently not important in mediating the response. PMID- 1245785 TI - Labile aggregation stimulating substance, free fatty acids, and platelet aggregation. AB - Labile aggregation stimulating substance (LASS), an intermediate produced during platelet biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2alpha, acts as a physiologic intercellular messenger to promote platelet aggregation and the release reaction. The activity is formed by intact cells after physiologic stimulation or can be generated from platelet membrane fractions after combination with arachidonate. In the present investigation, small amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids added to an incubation mixture of platelet microsomes and arachidonate were found to significantly inhibit subsequent platelet aggregation. Saturated and mono unsaturated fatty acids in the same concentrations were without effect. However, in higher concentrations mono-unsaturated fatty acids were found to be inhibitory and stearic acid was found to enhance subsequent platelet aggregation. The inhibition caused by the polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleate, was shown to be the result of an effect on the production of LASS through an interaction with the platelet enzyme responsible for conversion of arachidonate to LASS. In contrast, stearic acid was found to enhance platelet aggregation by acting on the platelets and not directly on LASS production. The results suggest that small changes in the fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids could significantly influence platelet reactivity. PMID- 1245787 TI - Editorial: Consumerism and clinical investigation. PMID- 1245786 TI - Defective leukocyte metabolism in human cobalamin deficiency: impaired propionate oxidation and serine biosynthesis reversible by cyanocobalamin therapy. AB - Biochemical disturbances common to vitamin B12 and folate deficiency were investigated in leukocytes from patients with cobalamin deficiency. The investigations focused on the only two human metabolic pathways known to require vitamin B12. In the propionate pathway, deoxyadenosylcobalamin is required for isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Leukocyte oxidation of 14C propionate to 14CO2 was markedly decreased in 9 patients with Addisonian cobalamin deficiency and 2 patients with low serum cobalamin associated with folate deficiency, whereas 14C-succinate oxidation was normal. Three of the Addisonian patients had only minimal anemia. Within 4 days after one injection of 1,000 mug of cyanocobalamin, in 7 out of 8 patients studied, leukocyte propionate oxidation increased to normal levels. In folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, as measured by serine biosynthesis from formate, methylcobalamin is required for conversion of methyl-folate to tetrahydrofolate. Leukocyte formation of 14C serine from 14C-formate was significantly depressed in 5 patients with low serum cobalamin, little or no anemia, and only marginally low total red cell folate, the low serum cobalamin in 2 of these patients was associated with folate deficiency. After 1,000 mug of cyanocobalamin, in 2 of 3 patients, leukocyte serine biosynthesis increased to the normal range. These observations demonstrated that these two metabolic pathways in leukocytes were sensitive to cobalamin deficiency, and responsive to cobalamin therapy. Although there was no correlation between either of these metabolic activities and the serum cobalamin, red cell folate, or hematocrit, there was a striking correlation between impairment of leukocyte propionate oxidation and of leukocyte serine biosynthesis in 5 patients who were minimally anemic. The remarkably close correspondence between effects of low cobalamin on these two metabolic pathways, in nonanemic patients, must be a direct consequence of their common requirements for a cobalamin co-enzyme. These findings emphasize the importance of cobalamin in folate metabolism, and are consistent with the hypothesis that folate is "trapped" as methyl-folate in cobalamin deficiency, but do not exclude the possibility that this "trapping" is caused by a third metabolic function of cobalamin which might mediate transport of folate into cells. PMID- 1245788 TI - Failure of water immersion to influence parathyroid hormone secretion and renal phosphate handling in normal man. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the redistribution of blood volume and concomitant relative central hypervolemia induced by water immersion to the neck (NI) results in a significant natriuresis which is quantitatively identical to that induced by the acute administration of 2 L. of saline. Since the central hypervolemia induced by NI occurs without concomitant alterations in serum ionized calcium concentration (Ca++), the NI model was utilized to assess the role of volume in the regulation of PTH secretion in man. Seven normal subjects were studied following 11 hours of dehydration on two occasions, control and NI. The conditions of seated posture and time of day were identical. Blood for ionized calcium and PTH was obtained at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours. NI resulted in a significant increase in UNaV from a prestudy value of 78 +/- 12 (S.E.M.) to 222 +/- 20 muEq per minute (p less than 0.001). Concomitantly, Ca++ remained constant, ranging between 4.57 to 4.71 mg. per cent. Despite the volume-induced natriuresis, PTH was not altered throughout 5 hours of NI, ranging from 36 +/- 7 to 45 +/- 5 mul-Eq. per milliliter. Phosphate excretion remained constant. These data indicate that central volume expansion does not alter PTH in normal man when the variables of ionized calcium, posture, and time of day are controlled. Furthermore, the current demonstration of the absence of phosphaturia during immersion despite the probability that the distal delivery of phosphate was enhanced, permits consideration of the possibility that the concept of a distal tubular reabsorptive site for phosphate may be applicable to man. PMID- 1245789 TI - Hormonal therapy and alteration of lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Suppression of the blastogenic response of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes in autologous serum obtained from patients with prostatic cancer. Peyronie's disease, and transsexuals following estrogen therapy has been observed. Observations of suppression of blastogenesis in patients with prostatic cancer and without malignancy receiving estrogen suggests that this suppression would appear not to be associated with a particular pathologic state or malignancy per se but, rather, the given mode of therapy. The relevance of these observations to the effect of estrogen on cell-mediated responsiveness in patients with hormonally dependent tumors and to the suggested association between uterine cancer and prolonged administration of diethylstilbesterol and the development of vaginal tumors in offspring found in association with material ingestion during pregnancy remains speculative. PMID- 1245790 TI - The effects of acute infectious hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver on the nonerythropoietic component of early bilirubin. AB - The nonerythropoietic component of early labeled bilirubin in plasma and bile was studied in 7 patients with acute infectious hepatitis during the late convalescent stage, in 13 patients with Laennec-type liver cirrhosis, and in 7 control subjects after intravenous injection of a tracer dose (2.5 muCi) of 4-14C delta-aminolevulinic acid (14C-deltaALA). All subjects were examined during the nonicteric stage. In control subjects, the mean cumulative radioactivity readings in 4 hours were 29.6 +/- 4.7 X 10(3) d.p.m. per milligram times 4 hours in plasma and 27.0 +/- 1.2 X 10(3) d.p.m. per milligram times 4 hours in bile. In acute infectious hepatitis patients, the mean cumulative radioactivity readings for both plasma and bile in 4 hours were approximately twice that found in control subjects. In mild cirrhotic patients with enlarged liver on scintigram, the mean cumulative radioactivity readings for both plasma and bile were approximately 1.4 times that in control subjects. In patients with more advanced cirrhosis and markedly small livers on scintigram, the mean cumulative radioactivity readings for both plasma and bile were as low as approximately 0.5 that of control subjects. These findings seem to indicate the important role of the liver in the production of the nonerythropoietic component of early bilirubin in man. PMID- 1245791 TI - Exaggerated natriuresis in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - In response to an acute saline load, many patients with essential hypertension exhibit an exaggerated natriuresis relative to normotensive controls. In the present study, the urinary responses of conscious,Okamoto-strain, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and Wistar-Kyoto strain normotensive rats (NTR) to an acute saline load were evaluated to determine if a similar exaggerated natruiresis exists in this form of hypertension. Twelve rats of each strain per group (12 weeks of age) were housed in metabolism cages for 1 week. Systolic blood pressures (tail cuff) were significantly different (206+/- 9 mm. Hg in SHR and 135 +/- 3 mm. Hg in NTR). After a 4-hour control urine collection, 6 ml. of 0.9 per cent sodium chloride were given by gavage. Urine was collected again for 2 hours. Control urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, and creatinine in SHR and NTR were 11.2 +/- 4.8 muEq per hour, 50.1 +/- 7.6 muEq per hour, and 39.9 +/- 5.5 mg. per hour in SHR, and 13.8 +/- 2.4 muEq per hour, 34.9 +/- 5.5 muEq per hour, and 37.5 +/- 7.1 mg. per hour in NTR, respectively. The respective control values for sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion in the two groups were not significantly different. Following the saline load, sodium and creatinine excretion rates were significantly elevated in both groups of rats. However, the increase in sodium excretion in SHR (60.8 +/- 7.2 MUEq per hour) was more than double and significantly different from that of the NTR (26.6 +/- 3.7 muEq per hour). In contrast, the increments in creatinine excretion in the two groups of rats were not significantly different from each other. In the NTS, urinary potassium excretion was significantly elevated (59.0 +/- 7.9 muEq per hour) whereas in SHR it was not significantly altered (12.0 +/- 8.8 muEq per hour). The change in urinary creatinine excretion as an index of change in glomerular filtration rate suggests that the greater increase in sodium excretion by the SHR was the result of decreased fractional reabsorption of sodium and not the result of a greater increase in glomerular filtration rate. The exaggerated natriuretic response to salt loading in SHR resembles that in hypertensive man except that in SHR, a simultaneous kaliuretic response is absent. PMID- 1245792 TI - Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid and phenobarbital on the rate-limiting enzymes of hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in patients with gallstones. AB - The effects of chenodeoxycholic (CDC), 750 mg. per day, phenobarbital (PB), 90 or 180 mg., combined (CDC + PB), and placebo on biliary lipid composition and on the rate-limiting enzymes of hepatic cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase) and bile acid synthesis (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) were studied. Percutaneous liver biopsies were performed after 6 months of therapy in 4 patients from each group participating in a double-blind study of gallstone dissolution. The enzyme activities were also assayed in liver obtained at laparotomy in 7 untreated gallstone patients and 4 without gallstones. 7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxycholest-4-en 3-one-12alpha-hydroxylase, an enzyme leading to cholic acid synthesis, was determined in 4 untreated gallstone patients and 4 without gallstones. Untreated gallstone patients had 35 per cent greater HMG-CoA reductase (p less than 0.01), 37 per cent less 7alpha-hydroxylase (p less than 0.01), and 40 per cent less 12alpha-hydroxylase (p less than 0.01) than patients without gallstones. CDC, PB, and both increased biliary CDC and decreased the lithogenic index significantly (p less than 0.01) but saturated bile persisted with PB. CDC decreased HMG-CoA reductase 40 per cent (p less than 0.01) and 7alpha-hydroxylase 47 per cent (p less than 0.01). PB increased HMG-CoA reductase 112 per cent (p less than 0.01) and 7alpha-hydroxylase 20 per cent (p less than 0.01). The combination of CDC and PB increased HMGCoA reductase 40 per cent (p less than 0.01) and had no effect on 7alpha-hydroxylase. In conclusion, CDC induced desaturation of bile while decreasing HMG-CoA reductase and increasing CDC in bile. PB reduced the saturation less effectively than CDC; it increased 7alpha-hydroxylase but also increased HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 1245793 TI - Artifacts in the radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones in gastric and duodenal secretions. AB - Observations of apparently high concentrations of gastrin and insulin in gastric and duodenal secretions as determined by radioimmunoassay may arise from artifacts caused by proteolytic enzymes. The double-antibody and charcoal separation techniques as commonly employed fail to recognize extensive proteolytic damage to labeled antigen and to antibody. PMID- 1245794 TI - Sensitivity to radiation and cycle-active drugs as a function of stem cell compartment repletion. AB - We have studied the sensitivity of normal mouse hemopoietic tissue to radiation and cycle-active drugs in relation to stem cell compartment repletion. Recovery of erythropoiesis in endogenous spleen colonies, blood reticulocytes, and 30-day survivals were determined in mice after an initial large dose of partial-body irradiation. We found that the normal stem cell compartment is more sensitive to cycle-independent modes of therapy, like radiation and cyclophosphamide, than it is to cycle-active agents like cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate. The depleted stem cell compartment exhibits marked sensitivity to cycle-independent agents but less to cycle-active agents, which, however, suppress its recovery more than they do the normal. The overshoot phase of recovery is relatively resistant to either cycle-independent or cycle-active agents. A reticulocytosis following a reticulocytopenia signals the overshoot phase of stem cell compartment recovery and relatively increased resistance. These findings may prove useful in designing chemotherapy regimens and in anticipating marrow recovery in planning for supportive care in patients with neoplastic disease. PMID- 1245795 TI - Kininogen deficiency in Fitzgerald trait: role of high molecular weight kininogen in clotting and fibrinolysis. AB - Plasma from an asymptomatic person with defects in blood coagulation, release of kinin, and evolution of fibrinolytic activity upon contact with a foreign surface was deficient in kininogen. The coagulation defect was identified as "Fitzgerald trait." A preparation of high molecular weight kininogen repaired the defects in clotting, kinin release and fibrinolysis, but a preparation of low molecular weight kininogen did not. Therefore, Fitzgerald factor appears to be a high molecular weight kininogen. The site of action of the kininogen appears to be after that of activated Hageman factor and kallikrein in the generation of clot promoting activity through activation of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA). PMID- 1245796 TI - A heterologous radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin (AVP) was developed utilizing the antisera against lysine vasopressin (LVP) in combination with a labeled AVP. The assay employs an acetone extraction procedure and detects as little as 0.8 pg. per milliliter of AVP in human plasma. In normal subjects the mean (+/- S.D.) plasma concentration of AVP was 4.9 +/- 1.2 pg. per mililiter after fluid deprivation and 1.2 +/- 0.4 pg. per milliliter after water loading. Plasma AVP levels correlated significantly with plasma osmolalities. In four patients with diabetes insipidus, plasma AVP concentrations ranged from less than 0.8 to 1.2 pg. per milliliter, whereas six patients with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion showed plasma levels of AVP which correspond to those of the dehydrated state in normal subjects or greater, although plasma osmolalities were low in all cases. It was concluded that the present radioimmunoassay method for AVP provides a useful way of assessing neurohypophyseal function in man. PMID- 1245797 TI - Direct spectrofluorometry of diluted erythrocytes and plasma: a rapid diagnostic method in primary and secondary porphyrinemias. AB - Primary and secondary porphyrinemias are characterized by the presence of several porphyrin species in erythrocytes and/or plasma. Acid solvent extraction of porphyrins from natural ligands can preclude observation of significant spectral differences apparent on direct spectrofluorometric examination of porphyrin complexes in tissue. Erythrocytes and hemoglobin-free plasma obtained from 13 patients with erythropoietic, 9 with lead intoxication, 5 with porphyria cutanea tarda, 3 with iron deficiency anemia, 1 with erythropoietic porphyria, and 10 normal persons were simply diluted and analyzed spectrofluorometrically. Characteristic porphyrin-ligand spectral patterns were consistently obtained for each group of specimens, allowing diagnostic application of the data. PMID- 1245798 TI - Insuring competence and improving discipline through the Medical Practice Act. PMID- 1245799 TI - The gastrointestinal diagnostic unit. PMID- 1245800 TI - A "pseudotumor" of the stomach. PMID- 1245801 TI - Enterostomal therapy in Georgia. PMID- 1245802 TI - Atrial septal defect. Review of ten year experience. PMID- 1245803 TI - Informed consent and res ipsa loquitur. PMID- 1245804 TI - What it is like to be involved as a peer in the Medical Practice Act. PMID- 1245805 TI - Repair of nerves in the hand--when? where? how? PMID- 1245806 TI - Anterior conduction delay: a possible cause for prominent anterior QRS forces. AB - Prominently anterior QRS forces often present a diagnostic dilemma. Frequently, right ventricular forces may be eliminated on clinical grounds and dorsal infarction is therefore suspected, especially in a clinical setting of coronary artery disease. In five such patients studied angiographically, the coronary disease was concentrated in the left anterior descending artery and the ventricular dysfunction confined to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. In a sixth case, the prominent anterior forces were observed intermittently together with left anterior hemiblock. These observations, in addition to serial studies following surgery, strongly suggest that the mechanism for prominent anterior QRS forces in these cases is conduction delay in an anterior division of the left bundle branch system. PMID- 1245807 TI - Effect of cold isotonic glucose infusion on A-V nodal conduction. AB - His bundle electrograms were performed in eight patients with organic heart disease. Recordings were made at various rates utilizing right atrial pacing. A solution of 100 cc of iced cold 5% glucose and water was infused through a cardiac catheter placed at the level of the tricuspid valve. The P-A, A-H, H-Q and H-S intervals were determined before and immediately after the cold water infusion. A significant prolongation of the A-H interval occurred with negligible effects on the P-A, H-Q and H-S intervals. At the atrial pacing rate of 100/min the average A-H interval increased from the control value of 116 to 125 msec after the infusion (P less than 0.02); at the pacing rate of 140/min, the A-H interval increased from 147 to 158 msec (P less than 0.01). This represents an impairment in conduction through the atrioventricular node. PMID- 1245808 TI - Prediction of pulmonary arterial pressures from electrovectorcardiographic data in pediatric patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. AB - The Frank vectorcardiogram (VCG) and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were used to predict pulmonary arterial pressures in 30 pediatric patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. The patients' ages ranged from eight to 14 1/2 years. Eleven were male and 19 were female. Sixteen had mitral stenosis, eight had mitral regurgitation and six had mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure ranged from 5-32 mmHg. All patients underwent complete catheterization and angiocardiographic study. None had significant gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract. Right maximum spatial vector (Rmsv) was calculated using Frank VCG.R in V1 and S in V5 of ECG were also measured. Rmsv, RV1, and SV5 were correlated with pulmonary arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic and mean). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure and Rmsv bear the best correlation (r=0.773). The correlation coefficient for pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and Rmsv was 0.698. Rmsv as calculated from Frank VCG is useful in prediction of pulmonary arterial pressures (systolic and diastolic) in pediatric patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. PMID- 1245809 TI - A simple procedure for positioning precordial ECG and VCG electrodes using an electrode locator. AB - Methodological differences in the placement of precordial ECG electrodes are a major problem in multicenter clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Trend analysis and realization of the full potential of computer programs for serial comparison demands reduction of technical sources of variation in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and vectorcardiogram (VCG) and particularly errors in locating ECG electrodes. The ECG electrodes locator described here reduces a major precordial uncertainty in the identification of the midclavicular and the anterior axillary lines. It simplifies positioning and provides a numeric record of the key precordial electrode positions, facilitating control of electrode placement errors in serial recordings. PMID- 1245810 TI - Evidence for local cardiac effects in electrocardiograms from a large electrode array. AB - The sensitivity of an extensive electrocardiographic examination to local cardiac regions was evaluated by comparison with findings in vectorcardiographic leads. Evaluation consisted of comparing QRS areas during different ventricular activation patterns. The ratio of areas from the vector-cardiogram (VCG) and extensive electrode systems differed by 15 to 23 percent, suggesting at least this degree of local cardiac influence on the extensive examination. PMID- 1245811 TI - Corrected transposition of the great vessels: a vectorcardiographic study. AB - The vectorcardiograms (VCGs) of two groups of patients with corrected transposition of the great vessels (CTGV) were studied; the first, group A, included 17 patients with CTGV in "situs solitus,", characterized by leftward orientation of the cardiac apex; the second group, group B, with three patients, presented CTGV in "situs solitus" and apex to the right. All cases had one or more associated defects: ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, pulmonic stenosis or tricuspid insufficiency. PMID- 1245812 TI - Wandering atrial pacemaker (prevalence in French hornists). AB - Continuous electrocardiographic recordings were obtained in a group of French horn players during performance of identical pieces of music. Half of the musicians developed wandering atrial pacemaker. One example is illustrated. The causative mechanism is briefly discussed. This may represent an "occupational" hazard. PMID- 1245813 TI - Use of the electrocardiogram as an aid in screening for left ventricular aneurysm. AB - Attempting to cull from a population of patients with coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy, a subgroup in whom left ventriculography might most reasonably be performed in search of a surgically resectable ventricular aneurysm, the electrocardiograms (ECGs) and ventriculograms of 96 patients were analyzed. This study was conceived to test the value of the ECG as an initial screening technique. Patients with normal ventricular contractile motion in the presence of coronary artery disease rarely showed ST segment elevation exceeding 2 mm in any lead, and even more rarely showed Q waves in corresponding leads. All patients with well defined left ventricular aneurysms had at least 1 mm ST segment elevation, and the majority (73%) had ST elevation of 2 mm or greater; in 80% of these, there were associated Q waves in the same lead. In patients with only local areas of hypocontractility, the frequency of ST segment elevation with concomitant Q waves was significantly less (approximately 50%) than that seen in patients with aneurysms. It is concluded that patients with suspected or proven coronary disease who fail to demonstrate ST segment elevation are unlikely to have ventricular aneurysms and, thus, would receive little diagnostic benefit from left ventriculography. The presence of ST segment elevation, with or without associated Q waves in the same leads, is a helpful screening sign, raising the possibility of a surgically remediable lesion such as a ventricular aneurysm, but similar electrocardiographic patterns are also seen in patients with non-operable localized or generalized disorders of contraction. Having discovered ST elevation, then, left ventriculography becomes a reasonable next step - when otherwise indicated - in delineating the type of contractile disorder as well as the amount of adequately functioning muscle. PMID- 1245814 TI - Tachycardia upon swallowing. Evidence for a left atrial automatic focus. AB - Evaluation of a patient with tachycardia upon swallowing offers evidence of its origin from the left atrium. The tachycardia appears to arise from an automatic focus discharged after mechanical stimulation by the esophagus. Despite a left atrial origin for this arrhythmia, it does not fulfull previously described electrocardiographc criteria for "left atrial rhythms." PMID- 1245815 TI - Alternans of the repolarization wave in a case of hypochloremic alkalosis with hypopotassemia. AB - A case of profound hypochloremic alkalosis with hypopotassemia is reported, showing electrocardiographic changes of electrical alternans of the repolarization wave (probably the U wave) without any change in the QRS complex. Transient concomitant P-pulmonale was noted. Hypopotassemia is discussed as a possible mechanism for the development of the electrical alternans. PMID- 1245816 TI - Permanent atrial paralysis. AB - A forty-four year old female presented with hemiparesis a slow supraventricular rhythm without "P" wave activity and was subsequently found to have atrial paralysis. On treadmill exercise testing the patient's heart rate increased to 118/min. It is felt that this most likely represents sinus rhythm with sinoventricular conduction and that the slow resting heart rate is secondary to a sick sinus node syndrome. PMID- 1245817 TI - The junctional premature beat: an instructional exercise in modes of concealment. AB - ?The relative brevity of the main His bundle refractory period compared with that of the A-V node above, and the trifascicular system below, makes it likely that premature beats originating in the His bundle will encounter physiologic delay, or block in both antegrade and retrograde modes. Two clinical cases of junctional premature beats are presented, which demonstrate many facets of concealment (antegrade, retrograde and bidirectional). Hitherto unreported is a ventricular echo which was induced by a junctional premature beat, the antegrade concealment of which was due to functional trifascicular block. PMID- 1245818 TI - Pacing techniques in the management of supraventricular tachycardias. Part 2. An implanted atrial synchronous pacemaker with a short atrioventricular delay for the prevention of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias. AB - An implanted atrial synchronous pacemaker with an atrioventricular delay of 30 msec is described. This pacemaker was implanted into a patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to an intra AV nodal reciprocal mechanism. The pacemaker was able to trigger from atrial potentials following atrial premature beats down to a coupling time of 300 msec. Following each triggering atrial potential, a ventricular stimulus was applied 30 msec later thereby producing a ventricular premature beat in response to each sinus beat or each atrial premature beat. Retrograde conduction from this atrial premature beat blocked the re-entry mechanism within the AV node and prevented the initiation of tachycardia. A detailed discussion on all parameters of function of this pacemaker is presented. PMID- 1245819 TI - An approach to perplexing dermatologic disorders. PMID- 1245820 TI - The keratin in dermatological diagnoses. PMID- 1245821 TI - Malignant lymphomas, myocsis fungoides and allied diseases. PMID- 1245822 TI - The tender, red nodules of the skin syndrome. PMID- 1245823 TI - Skin problems of infants. PMID- 1245824 TI - Alopecia. PMID- 1245825 TI - Successful hair transplant surgery. A composite evaluation. PMID- 1245826 TI - Let there be light. PMID- 1245827 TI - Pigmentary changes in skin diseases. PMID- 1245829 TI - Malignant melanoma or harmless mole? PMID- 1245828 TI - Problems in pigmentation. PMID- 1245830 TI - Cancer of the skin. A common medical problem for the Florida physician. PMID- 1245831 TI - Surgical repair of operative defects after skin cancer excision. PMID- 1245832 TI - Current status of syphilis and other venereal diseases. PMID- 1245833 TI - Mighty mites and other bug bites. PMID- 1245834 TI - Electrophysiological basis for the spatial dependence of the inhibitory coupling in the Limulus retina. AB - A technique for measuring, with total optical isolation, the inhibition between two individual receptor units in the Limulus lateral eye is described. The extracellular responses of pairs of units were recorded, using light piping microelectrodes. The inhibitory coupling between two units was found to be nonlinear and describable by a simple hyperbolic equation written in terms of saturation rate (S), half saturation (H), and threshold (ft). By plotting reciprocal frequencies, the data could be linearized and compared for different pairs of units. The magnitude of inhibition (in terms of S and H) was found to decrease monotonically as the anatomical distance between receptors increased. An electrical model of the inhibitory system was developed which accounts for many of the properties of the observed inhibitory interactions. Using the equations from the model and the experimental data, it is shown that the "electrical distances" (which are computed in terms of space constants lambda) of the inhibitory synapses from the impulse-generating region of the test unit are directly related to the anatomical distance between receptors. It is also shown that "synaptic strength" is relatively constant with separation. The electrical distances of the inhibitory synapses range from about 0.1lambda to 0.25lambda for adjacent units to greater than 0.5lambda for units seven to nine receptors away. It is concluded that the nonlinear character of the inhibitory coupling is attributable to synaptic effects, and that the decrease of inhibition with distance between receptors is caused primarily by an increase in the electrical distance of the inhibitory synapses from the test unit. PMID- 1245835 TI - Nonelectrolyte diffusion across lipid bilayer systems. AB - The permeability coefficients of a homologous series of amides from formamide through valeramide have been measured in spherical bilayers prepared by the method described by Jung. They do not depend directly on the water:ether partition coefficient which increases regularly with chain length. Instead there is a minimum at acetamide. This has been ascribed to the effect of steric hindrance on diffusion within the bilayer which increases with solute molar volume. This factor is of the same magnitude, though opposite in sign to the effect of lipid solubility, thus accounting for the minimum. The resistance to passage across the interface has been compared to the resistance to diffusion within the membrane. As the solute chain length increases the interface becomes more important, until for valeramide it comprises about 90% of the total resistance. Interface resistance is also important in urea permeation, causing urea to permeate much more slowly than an amide of comparable size, after allowance is made for the difference in the water:ether partition coefficient. Amide permeation coefficients have been compared with relative liposome permeation data measured by the rate of liposome swelling. The ratios of the two measures of permeation vary between 3 and 16 for the homologous amides. The apparent enthalpy of liposome permeation has been measured and found to be in the neighborhood of 12 kcal mol-1 essentially independent of chain length. Comparison of the bilayer permeability coefficients with those of red cells shows that red cell permeation by the lipophilic solutes resembles that of the bilayers, whereas permeation by the hydrophilic solutes differs significantly. PMID- 1245836 TI - Sodium flux through the sodium channels of axon membrane fragments isolated from lobster nerves. AB - The efflux of 22Na from vesicles formed by axolemma fragments isolated from lobster nerves was studied in the presence and in the absence of drugs having well-known action on the sodium channels. The vesicles were equilibrated 12-14 h at 4 degrees C with 22Na in lobster solution containing 1 mM ouabain. Afterwards the suspension was divided: one portion was used as control and the others were treated with veratrine (0.025-0.50 mg/ml), tetrodotoxin (1-2,000 nM) in the presence of veratrine, or tetrodotoxin alone. After 3 h at 20-22 degrees C, the suspensions were diluted into nonradioactive solutions and the 22Na efflux followed by a rapid filtration technique. The results revealed that veratrine increases the efflux rate and the additional application of tetrodotoxin abolishes it, e.g., 0.50 mg of veratrine/ml increases the rate, expressed in 10( 2) min(-1), from 0.59 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SEM; n = 13) to 0.86 +/- 0.05 (n = 13), and the addition of 100 nM tetrodotoxin diminishes it to 0.48 +/- 0.07 (n = 4). This increase and diminution are statistically significant (P less than 0.005), but this is not the case between the control and the veratrine plus tetrodotoxin values (P greater than 0.05). 50% of the diminution is produced by 11.9 +/- 2.4 nM tetrodotoxin. Tetrodotoxin alone produces a slight diminution of the 22Na efflux. Batrachotoxin (0.50 muM) has an action similar to veratrine's. These findings are considered evidence of the presence of functioning sodium channels in the isolated axolemma fragments. PMID- 1245837 TI - Patulin inhibition of mycovirus replication in Penicillium stoloniferum. AB - Penicillium stoloniferum NRRL5267 contains two electrophoretically distinct viruses (PsV-F and PsV-S). An in vivo system was developed to test whether a number of fungal metabolites had antiviral properties on PsV-F replication in O.erties on PsV-F replication in P. stoloniferum. Preliminary results indicated that the mycotoxin patulin can block mycovirus replication. Portions of 48 h mycelium were incubated in the presence of varying levels of patulin, and after an additional 48 h incubation, PsV-F content was measured in E260 units by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Patulin at 11, 16 and 20 mug/mg dry wt mycelia blocked PsV-F replication 26, 61 and 71%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. At these levels, host biomass RNA and protein synthesis were minimally affected. No-proliferating fungal mycelium is capable of continued support of PsV-F replication, which is sensitive to patulin. Apparently, inhibitory doses of patulin stimulated PsV-S replication during this 48 h incubation. The preferential action of patulin may arise from metabolite binding to functional enzymes required for virus replication. PMID- 1245838 TI - Free mycolic acids as criteria in the classification of Gordona and the 'rhodochrous' complex. AB - The methyl esters of free mycolic acids from representative strains of Gordona bronchialis, G. rubra, G. terrae and Nocardia kirovani each gave, on mass spectroscopy, homologous series of anhydromycolic esters containing from one to four double bonds with the main components of the parent mycolic acids centered on 56, 58, 62 or 64 carbon atoms (total range from C52 to C66). The mycolic acids from the Gordona strains, with chain lengths centered around C60, form a group intermediate in size between nocardomycolic acids (centered around C50) and mycolie different from those of the 'rhodochrous' complex which have anhydromycolates ranging from C34 to C50. Gordonae are thus more closely related in their mycolic acid composition to Nocardia than to Mycobacterium but can be distinguished from each of these genera. PMID- 1245839 TI - The effect of rifampicin on the stability of the messenger ribonucleic acid of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as determined by DNA:RNA hybridization. AB - Rifampicin at a concentration of 10 mug/ml completely inhibited protein synthesis in exponential-phase cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. At this same concentration the drug was shown to have no effect on the stability of mRNA, determined as the functional and hybridizable material, when compared with hybridizable mRNA in an uninhibited system. In each case, the half-life of the mRNA had a value in the range 5 +/- 1 min, at 30 degrees C. PMID- 1245840 TI - The molecular mechanism of protoplasmic incompatibility and its relationship to the formation of protoperithecia in Podospora anserina. AB - In Podospora anserina, protoplasmic incompatibility due to interactions between non-allelic genes was suppressed by the effect of mutations in two modifier genes, mod-I and mod-2. It is shown that mod-I and mod-2 are involved in the production of three specific proteins, a phenoloxidase and two previously identified proteases (Begueret & Bernet 1973 a) which are associated with the phenomenon of protoplasmic disintegration. These enzymes, whose messengers are normallly latent during vegetative growth, appear at this stage of the life cycle only as a consequence of incompatible gene interactions. The mode-I and mod-2 genes and each of the five incompatibility loci involved in non-allelic incompatibility systems also participate in the formation of the protoperithecia. This pleiotropic effect suggests that protoplasmic incompatibility is a deviation in the normal physiological processes of protoperithecial formation. PMID- 1245841 TI - Diversity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: variation due to replication of the virus in the mouse. AB - Depending on passage history, strain WE infectious LCM virus either damages L cells more or less severely or leaves them morphologically intact. Correspondingly, the plaques which are formed on L cell monolayers are of different appearance, ranging from intensely turbid to clear. Multiplication of LCM virus in certain mouse organs profoundly affects plaque characteristics. The brain, for instance, favours lytic variants while the spleen supports the replication of virus which forms turbid plaques. This statement holds if virus taken from organs of persistently infected mice or virus passaged from mouse to mouse is analysed and is true also if the initial preparation contains virus forming predominantly either clear or turbid plaques on L cell monolayers. Selection is not rapid and not absolute. It may take months of multiplication before a final state is reached, and even then the number of characteristic plaques is usually in great excess of the rest but never reaches 100%. Cloning procedures may alter the proportions, but with our experimental conditions no plaque has ever been isolated which would retain its characteristics upon passage. Differences of plaque type morphology were not reflected in differences of pathogenic properties, and both clear and turbid variants caused persistent infection if used to infect newborn mice and led to disease with signs of neurological involvement and death if inoculated intracerebrally into adult animals. PMID- 1245842 TI - Comparative studies of some African arboviruses in cell culture and in mice. AB - Twenty African arboviruses, five alphaviruses, nine flaviviruses, three Bunyamwera Group viruses, two Bwamba Group viruses and one ungrouped virus were titrated in parallel in 11 cell systems in suckling mice and adult mice. The relative sensitivities of the in vitro and in vivo systems have been compared. The highest infectivities were obtained in suckling mice. Vero and LLC-MK2 cells produced plaques with the greatest number of viruses and Semliki Forest virus grew most readily. Ntaya virus and Dengue 1 virus were difficult to culture in vitro and Zika virus yielded better in cell culture than in adult or suckling mice. In vitro and in vivo neutralization tests were made on human sera in groups of 50. Each group of sera was tested against one of five viruses, representative of three of the arbovirus groups titrated. Good agreement was obtained between the two test systems with West Nile, O'nyong-nyong and Wesselsbron viruses but there were significant differences in results obtained with Germiston and Pongola viruses. PMID- 1245843 TI - Effect of murine leukaemia virus age on its 8S RNA components. AB - The effect of virion age on the two A and B 8 S RNA conformational isomers was investigated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The relative proportions of A and B 8 S RNA components of the immature virus (rapid harvest, 30 min) are intermediate between those previously found for the mature virus and for the host cell. These results suggest that a change of 8S RNA conformation occurs during virus maturation. PMID- 1245844 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of type 12 adenovirus defective in a late function: protein synthesis and evidence for recombination between mutants in complementation group D. AB - Four temperature sensitive mutants of adenovirus type 12, classified into complementation group D, synthesize most or all of the late virus-specific polypeptides at the restrictive temperature, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Infections by these mutants under restrictive conditions apparently result in some over production of the virion hexon polypeptide compared to wild type infection. Genetic recombination between the four mutants has been demonstrated. A partial linear genetic map of the D cistron is presented. PMID- 1245845 TI - Behavior of alcoholics and spouses in a simulation game situation. AB - The interaction of alcoholics and their spouses in a simulation game was systematically observed and compared to the behavior of nonalcoholic couples. Overall, 28 couples played a mixed-motive bargaining game, the "tax game," which is a modification of Kelly's "game of nines." Alcohol couples as a group did not manifest a distinct game "style." They were less uniform in this respect than "normal" couples and a mixed group of "psychiatrically disturbed" couples. Subgroup trends without the alcoholic sample were suggested and discussed. Extreme behavior, rigidity, and lack of communication were common features in the game behavior of alcoholic couples that did not appear to relate to a particular game style, but did distinguish the game play of alcoholic couples from that of nonalcoholic couples. PMID- 1245846 TI - The schizophrenia spectrum: a genetic concept. AB - A spectrum concept of schizophrenia is described which hypothesizes that classical schizophrenia results at least in part from a genetic diathesis; that certain other, usually milder, psychopathological states, which do not satisfy the classical criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, represent varying clinical expressions of the same diathesis; and that all of these states can, therefore, be said to constitute a genetically based spectrum of schizophrenic disorders. This concept is, in its broad outlines, not new, but it has had an increasing impact within psychiatry in recent years. Most importantly, it provides a conceptual framework for a variety of schizophrenia studies, particularly those dealing with biological markers, genetic vulnerability, clinical phenomenology, and modes of inheritance. A program of research which has attempted to test the concept, and to identify, describe, and classify the components of the genetic spectrum, is reviewed. Its methodology makes possible an approach to schizophrenia which simultaneously takes into account its two most vexing problems--nosology and etiology. PMID- 1245848 TI - The physician's suicide revisited. AB - The evidence dealing with suicide among physicians was reviewed. Special attention was paid to the statistical treatment of the data, the presence or absence of adequate standardization, and the significance of the sample size. No conclusive evidence was found that suicide rates among physicians, or among any medical specialty, were higher than those in the general population. PMID- 1245847 TI - Determination of grave disability. AB - There is a historical dilemma concerning the civil rights of psychiatric patients who are believed to need a protected status because of incompetency. California's Lanterman-Petris-Short Act provides a mechanism for putting the patient under the care of a conservator if the patient is unable to provide for his own personal needs of food, clothing, and shelter. If successful, this legislation will likely be the model for the country. Fifty-one patients for whom the clinical staff desired to initiate conservatorship proceedings were given a test consisting of behavioral tasks specifically designed to be appropriate to the legal definition of grave disability. The natural groupings were: chronic organic brain syndrome, chronic schizophrenia, and other. We found that the grave disability of the organic brain syndrome patients was fairly predictable from their mental status examination, while the grave disability of the chronic schizophrenic patients was unpredictable from their mental status examination and required the application of the behavioral test for an appropriate determination of their ability to perform the functions specified in the law: The Lanterman-Petris-Short Act to provide for personal needs of food, clothing, and shelter. When the method or the proceedings were applied to patients of other diagnostic categories, they were found to be inappropriate. At this writing, our method of evaluation is being recognized and requested by public and legal agencies in our area. It has been used as evidence in court. The procedure is clear, relevant, and easily taught to new workers. The results, given in plain English and in essay form, are readily understood by physician, social worker, judge, and jury alike. We began our study with vexation, ambiguous criteria, and a chronic medical and legal problem; we conclude with a practical and relevant answer. PMID- 1245849 TI - Measurement of tricyclic antidepressant levels in an outpatient clinic. AB - Although definitive studies regarding the correlation between tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels and therapeutic effect are lacking, preliminary data suggest that measurement of tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels provides a rational approach to improve clinical management of the depressed patient. Data were collected to determine if the routine measurement of plasma tricyclic antidepressant levels was practical in a large clinic population, and to determine if such levels could improve patient care. Individual differences in drug metabolism and frequent unreliable ingestion of medication make the measurement of drug plasma levels the only sure means of determining if a patient is receiving a fair therapeutic trial on a particular tricyclic antidepressant. Plasma analysis revealed both the failure to ingest adequate amounts of medication as prescribed and also the abuse of medications. Although generalizations regarding individual variation in drug metabolism or generalizations concerning drug compliance do little to improve patient care, whenever such problems are met on an individual basis, many clinical management problems can be resolved. PMID- 1245851 TI - Change in a schizophrenic adolescent as a result of a series of rage-reduction treatments. AB - A 15-year-old schizophrenic girl with many autistic features was observed to have minimal gains from verbal (individual and family) psychotherapy. A course of six rage-reduction sessions was carried out. Effects of the treatment was assessed by daily ratings made by attendants in the ward setting and by a recreation therapist. Both short term and long term effects were assessed. Short term improvement was noted in the ward ratings on dimensions assessed: eye contact when requested; eye contact, spontaneous; speech quality; expression of feelings; interaction with peers; frequency of autistic behaviors; and interaction with adults. In recreation therapy (using fewer observations), short term improvements were noted in all except two of the dimensions: eye contact, spontaneous; and interaction with peers. Long term (pretreatment vs. post-treatment) gains were evident in the ward ratings on all areas except expression of feelings. In the recreation therapy setting, only frequency of autistic behavior showed a stable improvement. The therapist working with the patient also noticed more global changes, and suggested that rating such dimensions as depth of self-disclosure and willingness to confront important issues in verbal psychotherapy would also show interesting results. Methodological weaknesses of the study are mentioned, and guidelines for future work on this problem are suggested. PMID- 1245850 TI - Periodic psychosis of puberty. A longitudinal case study. AB - A number of reports indicate that many women experience minor physical and psychological symptoms just prior to or during menses. Rarer episodic psychotic states associated with menses have received scanty attention. In the few available case reports, many hypotheses about their etiology have been advanced, usually unsupported by systemic studies. A 15-year-old girl with periodic psychotic episodes associated with menses was studied over many months. The interval between her periods was around 45 days. Psychotic episodes usually started a few days before or in association with menstural bleeding. Typically characterized by withdrawal, negativism, an apprehensive attitude, and suspiciousness, they remitted fully in 10 to 12 days with or without treatment. To facilitate necessary behavioral observations and complete various investigations, the patient was kept for nearly 60 days without treatment as an inpatient. Repeated vaginal smear cytology examinations during the menstrual cycle indicated a predominant estrogen influence throughout the cycle with an absence of the expected progesterone predominance in its later part. The patient gained 5 pounds between two cycles. Therapy with progesterone was instituted following the observation period. This patient's Rorschach revealed strong conflicts in relation to her sexuality. Concomitant with change in vaginal cytology reflecting a more balanced estrogen/progesterone influence, the patient stopped having psychotic episodes with menses. During a trial period when progesterone therapy was stopped, the psychotic episodes recurred but were prevented with its subsequent reinstitution. A complex interplay of hormonal factors that brings heightened sexual drive and possibly water retention in a predisposed patient can contribute to the causation of psychotic episodes at menstrual onset. Menstrual bleeding can associatively facilitate sexual fantasies and heighten conflict. Under this combined stress, the ego's defensive structure is likely to crumble with resultant psychotic episodes. PMID- 1245852 TI - Core formation in the muscles of rats intoxicated with triethyltin sulfate. AB - Young adult Osbourne-Mendel rats intoxicated for up to 23 days with triethyltin sulfate (TET) at a dose of 20 mg/liter of drinking water given ad libitum, developed core-like structures in type 1 extrafusal fibers of the soleus muscles. Frozen sections revealed an absence of oxidative enzyme activity (NADH tetrazolium reductase) and diminished or absent myosin ATPase (pH 9.4) in the core regions. The main electron microscopic features within the cores were loss of mitochondria and streaming of the Z-disks. The histochemical and electron microscopic similarities and differences between the TET-induced cores, other core models, and those reported in some human neuromuscular disorders are discussed. The present experiments do not clarify whether the cores are produced from a direct effect of TET upon skeletal muscle or upon the neural component of the motor unit. PMID- 1245853 TI - Reactive microglia with membrane features of mononuclear phagocytes. AB - An inflammatory response was induced by the implantation of cover-slips into the brains of rabbits. The cytomorphology of the glass-adhering cells, their phagocytic properties and their enzymatic activity were characterized and these features were correlated with the presence of membrane markers. Mononuclear cells with foamy cytoplasm, with marked phagocytic potential and strong activity of nonspecific esterases consistently showed IgG- and C-receptor activity. Multinuclear giant cells, which increased in number after prolonged implantation, exhibited comparable features. In contrast, mononuclear cells of fusiform appearance with a low activity of nonspecific esterases and a poor phagocytic potential lacked the IgG-receptor. A close relationship between the mononuclear phagocytic cell and reactive microglia is postulated. The authors conclude that the inflammatory response observed under their test conditions was characterized by the prevalence of phagocytic cells with membrane characteristics of the monocyte-macrophage series. PMID- 1245854 TI - Histological defects in the cerebellum of adult lurcher (Lc) mice. AB - The adult cerebellum of the heterozygous lurcher mouse (Lc/+) shows severe defects which affect particularly the Purkinje cells and granule cells. The cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex is disturbed, and the granular and molecular layers are poorly defined. The population of Purkinje cells is depleted, except for a few large neurons scattered in the granular layer and white matter. Although a discrete Purkinje cell layer does not exist, pyridine silver preparations reveal a row of arborizing basket cell axons and climbing fiber terminals which suggests the site previously occupied by Purkinje cell bodies. Granule cells are also affected and are distributed throughout the molecular layer, granular layer, and white matter. PMID- 1245855 TI - Edema of the cortical gray matter of the human cerebrum. AB - Five cases of brain tumor are reported in which an extracellular edema of the cerebral cortex was recognized in the form of lakes of eosinophilic, PAS positive material, presumably serum proteins, permeating among the neuronal and glial cells and processes. In three, the astrocytes and their processes were stained in replicate paraffin sections by a gold sublimate technique. The astrocytic changes were variable. Most often, the astrocytes changed from protoplasmic to fibrillary, with long deeply stained processes, the cells sometimes becoming large and distorted. Many became enlarged and smudgy, with short stubby processes. Only a few showed the fragmentation and disintegration of processes. Only a few showed the fragmentation and disintegration of processes which are regularly observed in edematous white matter. The neuronal processes remained essentially normal. In comparison with edema of white matter, edema of the cortex is rare, involves only small portions of tissue, and differs in its effects on astrocytes. The edema in both cortex and white matter is extracellular. We have not been able to recognize a specific intracellular form of edema, grossly or with light microscopic techniques. PMID- 1245856 TI - The pathologic characteristics of leukostasis and leukemic nodules occurring in the central nervous system of guinea pigs with L2C/NB leukemia. AB - Leukostasis and leukemic nodules are found in the central nervous system (CNS) of at least 75% of guinea pigs during the terminal stages of untreated L2C/NB leukemia, a transmissible, acute lymphocytic leukemia. The CNS lesions develop after extensive visceral leukemic infiltration at a time when the white cell count is rising to 10(5)-5 x 10(5) cells/mm3, and the differential examination shows predominantly blasts. Leukostasis precedes formation of the nodule. Both lesions may be found in any part of the central nervous system including the spinal cord, but are most numerous in the diencephalon and rostral brain-stem. Ultrastructural studies demonstrate that parenchymal leukostasis develops chiefly within capillaries, and is associated with endothelial cell degeneration and necrosis. Fibrin deposits are not seen within affected capillaries. The sequence of development, pathologic and hematologic characteristics of leukostasiss and leukemic nodules in human and L2C/NB leukemia are virtually identical. The CNS lesions of untreated L2C/NB leukemia are a precise, convenient model for the study of intracerebral leukostasis and leukemic nodules. PMID- 1245857 TI - Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with an intact neural arch (pseudospondylolisthesis). AB - Twenty patients treated for degenerative spondylolisthesis with an intact neural arch principally at the L4-5 interspace had neural compression caused by dislocation of the vertebral bodies and intrusions of lamina and enlarged, arthrotic facets into a stenotic spinal canal. The resulting "pincer" effect caused complete or partial block demonstrable on myelography, with nerve root and cauda equina compression. Most of the patients were women aged 45-84 years. Seven had neurogenic claudication. The majority had unrestricted straight-leg raising, and no signs of acute neural entrapment were seen as in patients with a herniated disc. Absent ankle reflexes, and weakness and atrophy of the anterior tibial muscle group were common, while sensation was relatively undisturbed. Treatment consisted of liberal laminar decompression including foraminotomy and medial or total facetectomy. Good-to-excellent results were obtained, and no patient was made worse by the procedure. PMID- 1245858 TI - Effect of intermittently raised intracranial pressure on breathing pattern, ventilatory response to CO2, and blood gases in anesthetized cats. AB - In anesthetised cats, breathing pattern, blood gases, and ventilatory response to CO2 were recorded before and during intermittent 10-minute episodes of hydrostatically raised intracranial pressure. The first effect on breathing was a stimulation which was followed at higher pressures by irregularity, depression, and periods of apnea; hyperventilation at high intracranial pressure (ICP was rare. Raised ICP did not consistently depress the ventilatory response to CO2 until ventilation during airbreathing was already depressed; therefore, we cannot experimentally justify applying this test clinically to detect incipient ventilatory depression. When hypoxemia developed during raised ICP, it was compatible with the degree of hypoventilation due to central depression of breathing; thus, there was no evidence of a neurally mediated effect on the lungs, causing defective gas exchange. PMID- 1245859 TI - Effect of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition on cerebral vasospasm in the cat. AB - Inhibitors of dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) administered intraperitoneally were shown to prevent spasm of the basilar artery caused by blood application in cats. A low or nondetectable blood DBH activity level may be related to the absence of spasm. In several instances, however, moderate spasm did occur with a low blood DBH activity level. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed. PMID- 1245860 TI - Spasmogenic qualities of prostaglandin F2alpha in the cat. AB - Available data indicate that the concentration of prostaglandin F2alpha required to produce arterial spasm in an experimental model is approximately a thousand fold higher than the concentration that occurs under physiological conditions. The spasmogenic platelet factor which has been previously described is shown to be a substance other than prostaglandin F2alpha because of differences in susceptibility of the two substances to enzymatic digestion. PMID- 1245861 TI - Fibromatosis presenting as a cranial mass lesion; case report. AB - The authors report a case of fibromatosis presenting as a mass lesion following previous craniotomy and radiation therapy. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this rare condition are discussed. PMID- 1245862 TI - Traumatic fistula between a lacerated middle meningeal artery and a diploic vein; case report. AB - A traumatic fistula occurring between a lacerated middle meningeal artery and a diploic vein was treated conservatively, and was no longer demonstrable at follow up examination about 1 1/2 years after the injury. PMID- 1245863 TI - Trochlear nerve sheath tumor; case report. PMID- 1245864 TI - Cardiovascular complications on upper vagal rootlet section for glossopharyngeal neuralgia; case report. AB - Acute hypotension and right bundle-branch block occurred when the authors sectioned the uppermost rootlet of the vagus nerve in a case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Hypotension lasted for 20 minutes and arrhythmia for 4 days. A possible mechanism is discussed and cardiovascular disorders are reviewed in similar cases. PMID- 1245866 TI - Letter: Treatment of bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas. PMID- 1245865 TI - New lumboperitoneal shunt for communicating hydrocephalus; technical note. AB - The authors describe a T-tube Silastic shunting device which has been used for lumboperitoneal shunting in 62 patients with communicating hydrocephalus during the past 3 years. In 38 patients it was inserted as a primary shunting procedure; 24 patients had the shunt inserted following problems secondary to arachnoiditis created by a polyethylene-type lumboperitoneal shunt. The shunt described here has not led to arachnoiditis when inserted as a primary shunting procedure. In 61% of patients no operative revisions of their shunt has been required to date, and 81% continue to do well on their T-tube type shunt. PMID- 1245867 TI - Letter: Spinal cord evoked response. PMID- 1245868 TI - Letter: The Pacchionian granulations. PMID- 1245869 TI - Splenic accumulation of 99mTc-diphosphonate in a patient with sickle cell disease: case report. AB - Splenic accumulation of 99mTc-diphosphonate is shown in the bone scan of a patient with sickle cell disease. This uptake is assumed to result from splenic infarction and subsequent calcification. The conventional liver-spleen scan with 99mTc-sulfur colloid shows no splenic activity, and a radiograph shows calcification in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen in the expected anatomic location of the spleen. PMID- 1245870 TI - Diagnosis of posterolateral congenital diaphragmatic (Bochdalek) hernia by liver scintigram: case report. AB - A characteristic liver scintigraphic finding was observed in a 2-month-old infant with hepatic herniation through a right-sided posterolateral congenital diaphragmatic defect (Bochdalek). The liver scintigrams showed an oblique band of decreased radioactivity dividing the liver into an inferior anteromedial portion and a superior posterolateral portion. In spite of the markedly abnormal liver scintigram, other diagnostic studies, including pneumoperitoneum abdominal radiography, remained negative. The liver scintigram can provide life-saving information in the diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as in the present case. The distinctive liver-scan findings among the various types of common diaphragmatic hernias are also briefly reviewed. PMID- 1245871 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the lung with marked uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate: case report. AB - Following biopsy of a hilar mass, a heart scan performed with 99mTc-pertechnetate showed intense uptake in the mass. The degree of radionuclide concentration suggested that the mass was glandular tissue, most likely an adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Biopsy revealed a mucinsecreting adenocarcinoma. Review of the literature showed examples of active glandular concentration of pertechnetate in the thyroid, gastric mucosa, breast, lacrimal glands, and colon. This case provides an example of reasoning by which the scan interpretation came closer to the actual tissue diagnosis than is usually possible. PMID- 1245872 TI - Tracer accumulation in a subdural hygroma: case report. AB - A surgically proven case of traumatic subdural hygroma gave a "positive" image during 111In-DTPA cisternography, This was probably secondary to a communication between the subdural and subarchnoid spaces. PMID- 1245873 TI - Tagging of iron oxide particles with 99mTc for use in the study of deposition and clearance of inhaled particles. AB - This paper describes a method of tagging iron oxide aerosol particles with 99mTc. The tagging is achieved by reducing the heptavalent pertechnetate form to its reduced state using stannous chloride in a nitrogen atmosphere. Tests by ultracentrifugation and paper chromatography shown that the tagging is virtually complete. Separation of the tag from the particles in sputum is shown to be minimal. Monodisperse aerosols of the tagged particles are produced with a spinning-disk atomizer. (Deposition and clearance of the particles in the airways and lungs is easily followed by scintigraphy.) Factors affecting attachment and separation of the tag are discussed. PMID- 1245874 TI - A simple kit for the preparation of 99mTc-labeled red blood cells. AB - A simple kit for the preparation of 99mTc-labeled red blood cells in a closed sterile system is described. Whole blood (3-6 ml) is automatically drawn from the patient into a 10-ml Vacutainer tube, containing a freeze-dried stannous citrate formulation, with heparin as an anticoagulant. The kit provides consistent 97% yields in 20 min with small blood samples. The radionuclide is added at the end of the labeling sequence to minimize operator exposure. Freeze-dried kits have performed well after more than 12 months. Some technetium solutions produced low labeling yields. Experimental evidence suggests that the poor yields were due to carrier 99Tc. This effect may explain low labeling yields obtained with some other radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 1245875 TI - Evaluation of labeling procedures and in vivo stability of 99mTc-red blood cells. AB - Stable labeling of red blood cells (RBCs) with 99mTc, in yields of about 66%, was achieved by using stannous chloride as a reducing agent. In a study of 12 patients, the stability of technetium-labeled RBCs in the circulation varied significantly among individuals, but the average biologic half-life of the labeled cells was 16.8 hr. Although the labeling yield was lower when the labeling was carried out without EDTA with the addition of stannous chloride after the pertechnetate, this sequence appears to be the best for labeling RBCs for use in obtaining images of the blood pool or the cardiovascular system because of the increased viability of the RBCs. PMID- 1245876 TI - Methods of correcting Anger camera deadtime losses. AB - Three different methods of correcting for Anger camera deadtime loss were investigated. These included analytic methods (mathematical modeling), the marker source method, and a new method based on counting "pileup" events appearing in a pulse-height analyzer window positioned above the photopeak of interest. The studies were done with 99mTc on a Searle Radiographics camera with a measured deadtime of about 6 musec. Analytic methods were found to be unreliable because of unpredictable changes in deadtime with changes in radiation scattering conditions. Both the marker-source method and the pileup-counting method were found to be accurate to within a few percent for true counting rates of up to about 200 K cps, with the pileup-counting method giving better results. This finding applied to sources at depths ranging up to 10 cm of presdwood. The relative merits of the two methods are discussed. PMID- 1245877 TI - Thallium-201: scintillation camera imaging considerations. AB - Modulation transfer functions, line spread functions, and energy spectra were obtained for an Anger scintillation camera using three different collimators and commercially produced 201Tl. Images of a thyroid phantom were obtained using these collimators. For each of the three collimators, line spread functions and modulation transfer functions were obtained for both the 75-keV x-ray and 167-keV gamma photon of 201Tl. Although the intrinsic resolution of the scintillation camera is superior when imaging with the 167-keV gamma photon, system performance was superior when the 75-keV x-ray was imaged. Contamination form 202Tl, which emits abundant 439-keV gamma photons, degraded images taken at 167 keV because of septum penetration. At 75 and 167 keV the converging collimator yielded the best system performance. Imaging time was significantly shorter using the 75-keV x rays. PMID- 1245878 TI - Inadvertent 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy. AB - Of 963 physicians surveyed to determine therapeutic attitudes toward, and experience with inadvertent radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism during the first trimester of pregnancy, 116 physicans (of 517 responding) reported 237 cases. Therapeutic abortion was advised for 55 patients by 22 physicans. From the 182 remaining pregnancies there were two spontaneous abortions, two stillborn, one neonate with biliary atresia, and one with respiratory distress. This complication rate was not greater than might be expected in a similar number of random pregnancies. On the other hand, six infants were hypothyroid (transient for one) and four of these were mentally deficient. Three mothers of hypothyroid infants had received radioiodine therapy in the second trimester. None of the six mothers of hypothyroid infants had had pregnancy tests prior to radioiodine therapy. Survey responses indicate that routine pregnancy testing prior to radioiodine therapy for patients in the child-bearing age is not yet a standard procedure. It should be. PMID- 1245879 TI - Letter: Loculation as a contraindication to intracavitary 32P-chromic phosphate therapy. PMID- 1245880 TI - Letter: Preparation of 99mTc-fibrinogen. PMID- 1245881 TI - Letter: Coincidence and noncoincidence counting. PMID- 1245882 TI - Effectiveness of direct and indirect radionuclide cystography in detecting vesicoureteral reflux. AB - A modification of the direct radionuclide cystography technique to include filling, voiding, and postvoiding phases of the examination permitted a simulated comparison between direct and indirect radionuclide cystography. One hundred thirty-seven examples of reflux were documented with this technique. Of these, 96 instances of reflux (70%) were recorded during two or more phases and thus would have been detected by either technique. Twenty-nine examples (21%) were only detected during filling and thus would have been missed by the indirect radionuclide technique and by some roentgenographic techniques. Only 12 examples (9%) were detected during the voiding phases only. The modified direct method of radionuclide cystography, which continuously monitors the urinary tracts during filling, voiding, and postvoiding, is offered as the best current technique for assessing vesicoureteral reflux. PMID- 1245883 TI - Relative accretion of 99mTc-polyphosphate by forming and resorbing bone systems in rats: its significance in the pathologic basis of bone scanning. AB - The relative roles of osteogenesis andd osteolysis in the production of positive radionuclide images of skeletal lesions were investigated. The uptake of 99mTc polyphosphate (Tc-PP) by each process was measured in an animal model that permitted bone formation and resorption to be studied independently. Ten rats received intramuscular implants of bone-forming demineralized matrix (DM) and resorbing devitalized bone (DV). Radiographs and Tc-PP scintiscans were made each week thereafter. At 6-10 weeks, the implants and normal bone samples were removed, counted for 99mTc, and examined histologically. The uptake of Tc-PP BY DM implants was first detected on images made 3 weeks after implanatation, and by DV implants, 1-2 weeks later. Serial radiography showed progressive calcification of DM an resorption of DV implants. Microscopic examinations of undecalcified sections, stained with a modified Goldner preparation, revealed vital-bone formation in the DM implants and osteoclastic resorption in the DV. Activity counts per gram of DM and DV implants were, respectively, 200% and 90% that of normal bone. Since only the bone-forming system (DM) accumulated Tc-PP at greater than normal concentrations, this study indicates that positive bone images of osteolytic lesions solely reflect compensatory osteogenic responses. PMID- 1245884 TI - Dietary lysine and carnitine: relation to growth and fatty livers in rats. AB - Male weanling rats were fed a 72% rice diet containing no detectable carnitine and limiting in threonine and lysine. Such dietary conditions may simulate protein malnutrition in man. Under these conditions growth impairment, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and fatty liver developed. The study focused principally on the fatty liver syndrome which was corrected to varying extents depending on degrees of supplementation with carnitine, lysine, threonine, and appropriate combinations of these nutrients. Such reduction in fatty liver accumulation was accounted for principally by the lowering of triglycerides, but also in part of total cholesterol levels. All the data, which also included monitoring carnitine uptake by the tissues and measurement of plasma triglycerides, were consistent with the view that fatty liver accumulation occurs in amino acid deficient diets because (a) of an impairment in the synthesis of the lipoprotein complex mandatory for triglyceride secretion from the liver and (b) from a deficiency of carnitine needed for the intramitochondrial transport of fatty acids prerequisite for their oxidation. PMID- 1245885 TI - Influence of certain dietary fibers on serum and tissue cholesterol levels in rats. AB - Pectin, carragheenan, agar gum arabic, cellulose and wheat bran were each fed to rats at a level of 5 to 7% to examine their effect on serum, liver and tissue cholesterol levels. Diets (casein-sucrose diet containing 10-15% soybean oil, or skim milk-wheat flour diet containing 10-15% soybean oil) supplemented with either 0, 0.2, or 0.5% cholesterol were used to test the possibly dietary interactions. Among the fibers tested, pectin displayed the most hypocholesterolemic effect. In some experiments, pectin lowered the level of cholesterol in the serum, liver, and aorta, but it elevated body cholesterol levels. Carragheenan was inconsistent in lowering serum cholesterol levels and tended to increase liver and carcass cholesterol levels. These results probably suggest that pectin and carragheenan can affect the distribution of cholesterol within the body. Gum arabic and agar did not lower serum cholesterol levels and in one case gum arabic elevated them. Furthermore, in some experiments they elevated liver body cholesterol levels. It appears that feeding of gum arabic and agar probably resulted in an expansion of the whole body cholesterol pool. Feeding of wheat bran or cellulose had no significant effect on either serum or liver cholesterol levels. The study indicates that the effect of dietary fiber is dependent on the composition of the diet. Furthermore, while some fibers such as pectin may exhibit a hypocholesterolemic effect in rats, other fibers such as gum arabic and agar may actually elevate serum or tissue cholesterol levels. PMID- 1245886 TI - Relative activity of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in preventing oxidative red cell hemolysis. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities of alpha tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in protecting the red cell membrane against lipid peroxidation. Tocopherols were incorporated into the red cell membrane by incubating cells with solutions of the tocopherols in bovine albumin. The cells were then washed and subjected to the dialuric acid hemolysis test. Analysis of variance of the response curves revealed that gamma-tocopherol had 38% of the activity of alpha-tocopherol. No evidence was found for an interaction between the two tocopherols when present in the red cell membranes simultaneously. PMID- 1245887 TI - Iron absorption by humans from hemosiderin and ferritin, further studies. AB - Iron absorption from hemosiderin and ferritin biosynthetically labeled with radioactive iron has been studied in 61 subjects. The geometrical mean iron absorption from hemosiderin in both normal and iron deficient subjects was 3.4%. Its mean absorption ranged from 1.9% in normal subjects to 4.7% in subjects with moderate iron deficiency and 7.3% in subjects with marked iron deficiency. The iron absorption from hemosiderin was markedly increased when it was administered with ascorbic acid or liver. The absorption of iron from hemosiderin when hemosiderin and wheat were consumed in a meal, was lower than the absorption from wheat. Iron from liver ferritin and liver hemosiderin were less absorbed in this study than that previously reported for liver hemoglobin. The studies presented here support the possibility that ferritin and hemosiderin form an iron pool different from the non-heme pool formed by vegetal iron, egg iron and ferric and ferrous salts. PMID- 1245888 TI - Intestinal permeability to large particles in normal and protein-deficient adult rats. AB - Intestinal absorption of ferritin and virus particles was assessed in control and protein-deficient rats using light and electron microscopic procedures. Rats weighing 100 to 130 grams were divided into two groups and fed either a 0.5% of 18% lactalbumin diet. At monthly intervals following diet initiation, three rats from each group were administered ferritin (MW-650,000) or adenovirus Type 5 (MW is greater than 1,000,000) via ligated jejunal loops either 15 or 30 minutes prior to loop excision and processing for electron microscopy. Morphological evaluation of jejunal tissues revealed that both control and protein-deficient rats absorbed ferritin and virus particles via pinocytosis and in both situations the exogenous particles were believed to be present in lysosmal bodies of typical absorptive cells. Neither ferritin molecules nor virus particles were identified elsewhere in the jejunal mucosa of control rats. Rats deprived of sufficient dietary protein for four months or longer, however, demonstrated exogenous tracer materials in intercellular spaces of the epithelium and lamina propria. Since these severely protein-deprived rats also demonstrated deterioration of apical intercellular junctions, the possibility exists that large particles moved directly between cells of the epithelial lining and subsequently into underlying connective tissue and vascular compartments for conveyance (as antigens) to other body regions. PMID- 1245889 TI - Effect of feeding lysine and threonine fortified bread during gestation and lactation on growth of the offspring in rats. AB - White bread, bread fortified with lysine, or with lysine and threonine was fed to female rats as the sole source of protein (13% of diet) during two closely spaced gestation and lactation periods. Comparisons were made with diets containing 13% or 26% casein protein, and a stock diet. Weight changes and food consumption of the mothers were determined, as were birth weights and weaning weights of the offspring. Lysine fortification increased food consumption and decreased weight loss of the mothers during lactation. When threonine was added with the lysine, food consumption during lactation was further increased and maternal weight loss prevented. Average weaning weights for first litters as a function of diet were: bread 17.0 +/- 1.9 g, bread + lysine 26.8 +/- 1.0 g, bread + lysine + threonine 39.8 +/- 3.1 g, 13% casein 42.8 +/- 3.8 g, 26% casein 62.5 +/- 4.7 g, and stock diet 41.5 +/- 7.9 g. First and second litter weaning weights were closely similar for each. Although average birth weights were not greatly affected by dietary treatment, total offspring weight at birth of mothers fed unfortified bread was reduced 40% in the second, as compared to the first litter. This reduction in total offspring weight did not occur in mothers fed amino acid fortified bread. PMID- 1245891 TI - Some factors affecting the nitrogen sparing action of methionine and threonine in rats fed a protein free diet. AB - It was previously reported that methionine and threonine supplementation of a protein free diet had a greater nitrogen sparing action than methionine supplementation alone. Investigated in this study were (1) effects of depletion of labile body protein on the nitrogen sparing action of methionine and threonine supplementation of a protein free diet, (2) the effects of graded levels of methionine and threonine on urinary nitrogen excretion, (3) the effect of supplementation of other amino acids to the protein free diet plus methionine and threonine on the urinary excretion of nitrogen and (4) sex differences in the nitrogen sparing action of methionine and threonine supplementation of a protein free diet. After 10 days of feeding a protein free diet to deplete the body labile proteins, nitrogen excretion in urine of female rats was significantly reduced within the first 2 days of feeding a protein free diet supplemented with methionine and threonine. After 7 days of feeding a protein free diet supplemented with methionine and threonine, nitrogen excretion was reduced when even as little as 0.0188% of each amino acid was added. The supplementation of all essential amino acids to the protein free diet did not reduce the urinary excretion of nitrogen further than the supplementation of methionine and threonine, but improved the nitrogen balance slightly. The excretion of urinary nitrogen by female rats fed the protein free diet supplemented with small amounts (0.0188%) of methionine and threonine was significantly reduced after 7 to 14 days of feeding. In males, small amounts of methionine and threonine had no significant effect at either 7 or 14 days. PMID- 1245890 TI - Effect of feeding lysine and threonine fortified bread during gestation and lactation on growth of the brain in rats. AB - First and second litter offspring brain development was studied following the feeding of bread, bread plus lysine, or bread plus lysine and threonine to rats during pregnancy and lactation. Results were compared with offspring brain growth following maternal consumption of a stock diet, 13% casein or 26% casein diet. Brain weight, protein and cellularity progressively increased as lysine and lysine plus threonine were added to the maternal bread diets. The bread plus lysine and threonine diet resulted in similar or higher total weight, protein and DNA values for all brain areas in comparison with results from the stock diet or 13% casein diet. The 26% casein diet resulted in greater brain weight, protein and DNA values in comparison to the bread, bread plus lysine, 13% casein, or stock diets. First litter pups whose mothers were fed the 26% casein diet, in comparison to the bread plus lysine and threonine diet, had higher or similar brain weight and DNA levels. For second litter pups, all values were similar for both diets with the exceptions of lower brain stem weight for 26% casein and lower cerebellum DNA for bread plus lysine and threonine. PMID- 1245892 TI - Relation of ketosis to metabolic changes induced by acute medium-chain triglyceride feeding in rats. AB - Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) induce ketosis in several mammalian species including man. To clarify the regulation of this metabolic alteration, we fed rats either MCT or long-chain triglyceride (corn oil) and then attempted to correlate ketosis with changes in (i) concentrations of selected metabolites in plasma and (ii) the synthetic and oxidative capacities of the liver. By 1 hour after MCT feeding, plasma levels of total ketone bodies had increased 18-fold, with a maximum value reached 1 hour later. By contrast, total plasma ketones in rats fed corn oil were increased only about 2-fold at 2 hours after feeding and did not exceed this value at later intervals. Hepatic concentrations of ketone bodies also increased after MCT or corn oil feeding. Although plasma concentrations of glucose decreased and insulin increased in rats fed MCT, they were not affected by corn oil feeding. MCT-induced ketosis was depressed by glucose administration. Neither MCT nor corn oil feeding impaired utilization of glucose by the liver. Hepatic lipogenesis was suppressed 50% and 90% by MCT and corn oil feeding, respectively. A marked increase of long-chain fatty acids in plasma was observed in rats fed corn oil but not in rats fed MCT. The pronounced increase of ketones in MCT-fed rats was closely related to an elevation of octanoate. In liver slices of MCT-fed rats, ketogenesis from octanoate was 10 fold higher than from palmitate, and octanoate was oxidized 4 times more rapidly than palmitate. The ketosis of MCT-fed rats was depressed by administration of 4 pentenoic acid, a potent inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. These results support the concept that ketosis induced by MCT stems from rapid oxidation of medium chain fatty acids. Hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia and depressed lipogenesis resulting from MCT feeding appear to potentiate but not initiate ketosis. PMID- 1245893 TI - Relationship between hepatic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and morphology during riboflavin deficiency and recovery in mice. AB - Changes in hepatic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were examined during the development of severe riboflavin deficiency in mice, and during recovery from this deficiency. There was a marked reduction in oxidative rates for all substrates tested, with the decline being most pronounced with palmitoyl-1 carnitine. These effects were not enhanced by addition of galactoflavin to the riboflavin-deficient diet. Treatment of the deficient mice with riboflavin restored hepatic mitochondrial oxidation to normal within 24 hours in those mice fed a simple riboflavin-deficient diet, but required 72 hours in galactoflavin supplemented mice. These metabolic changes in hepatic mitochondria appear to be temporally independent of the striking morphological changes occurring in these organelles during ariboflavinosis and recovery. PMID- 1245894 TI - Metabolic changes in golden hamsters fed vitamin B-12-deficient diets. AB - Various metabolic changes were observed in male hamsters fed vitamin B-12 deficient diets with or without supplements of cobalt, methionine, and a previously untested cobalt-free pseudovitamin B-12. The effects observed after 31 weeks of consuming the vitamin B-12-deficient diets included a marked increase in the urinary excretion of both methylmalonic acid and formiminoglutamic acid, slight increases in red blood cell mean corpuscular volume, and higher tissue levels of glutathione and activities of glutathione reductase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. Vitamin B-12 in the diet prevented these changes, as did inorganic cobalt. The cobalt-free pseudovitamin B-12 showed no vitamin B-12 activity, neither did it have any potent antagonistic effect. Methionine supplementation reversed some of the metabolic changes. Addition of inorganic cobalt to the diet resulted in a significant increase in tissue stores of vitamin B-12. PMID- 1245895 TI - Proximity factor in color-difference evaluations. AB - The effect of dividing-strip width (sample proximity) upon sensitivity to suprathreshold and threshold color differences is explored by three methods that involve ratio comparisons, liminal determinations, and repeated color matchings. The results suggest, in general, that sample separation impairs lightness discrimination more than chromaticness discrimination and that it may be necessary to introduce a proximity factor into color-difference formulas when evaluating threshold or small-size color differences. PMID- 1245897 TI - Anomalous disperison of rhodopsin in rod outer segments of the frog. AB - Linear-retardation spectra of single frog-rod outer segments were measured by use of a microspectrophotometer equipped with polarizing optics. The recorded transmitted-flux variation was reduced to a rhodopsin anomalous-dispersion spectrum by use of the Jones calculus. This anomalous dispersion is compared with theoretical predictions. PMID- 1245896 TI - Muon-induced visual sensations. AB - The visual phenomena induced by the passage of a pulse of extremely relativistic muons through the vitreous humor have been studied at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The visual phenomena include flashes that range from small crescents of light in the peripheral field of view to large clouds of light that fill the entire field of view as well as bright flashes with dark centers. Three subjects have been exposed to date. Arguments are given to show that the physical mechanism behind these flashes is Cerenkov radiation. Standard psychophysical techniques are used to determine the threshold for muoninduced visual sensations for one subject. Comparison is made with his pion treshold measured under the same condition. PMID- 1245898 TI - Foveal CFF during the course of dark adaptation. PMID- 1245899 TI - Letter: Binocularly induced motion of flicker patterns. AB - A new apparent motion phenomenon is described. It occurs when two flashing screens are observed binocularly, one screen for each eye, and the temporal phase between the flashes is suddenly changed. It appears as a low-contrast pattern of vertical stripes that move either to the left or right, depending on the phase of the lights. Changing the relative intensity of the screens alters the effect in a manner consistent with previous measurements on visual time delays. PMID- 1245900 TI - Pupil size and stereoacuity. PMID- 1245901 TI - A visit with the Governor. PMID- 1245902 TI - Report of the Attorney General on medical malpractice and insurance. PMID- 1245903 TI - A synthesis of the pyrazomycins. PMID- 1245904 TI - Fluorescent modification of guanine. Reaction with substituted malondialdehydes. PMID- 1245905 TI - Adenine nucleosides derived from 6-deoxhexofuranoses. PMID- 1245906 TI - Reaction of 4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil with diketones. PMID- 1245907 TI - Synthesis of beta,gamma-acetylenic 3-oxo steroids of the 5,10-seco series. PMID- 1245908 TI - Total synthesis of 11beta-methyl-19-nor steroids. PMID- 1245910 TI - Crystal structure of 1-(0-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane. PMID- 1245909 TI - Crystal and molecular structure of cephalotaxine. PMID- 1245911 TI - A convenient preparation of S-adenosylhomocysteine and related compounds. PMID- 1245913 TI - Allylic rearrangement from O6 to N-3 and N-7 of guanine blocked at C-8. PMID- 1245912 TI - Synthesis and characterization of 5-hydroperoxymethyluracil (ThyalphaOOH). PMID- 1245914 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance assignments in the trichothecene mycotoxins. PMID- 1245915 TI - Letter: Organic structure characterization by natural-abundance nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives. PMID- 1245917 TI - Respiration regulation after elastic loading and CO2 rebreathing in normal term infants. Commentary. PMID- 1245916 TI - Respiratory regulation after elastic loading and CO2 rebreathing in normal term infants. AB - Studies of airway pressure, tidal volume, respiratory duration, and total breath duration before and after elastic loading airway occlusions were carried out on ten full-term, normal infants on two occassions in the first week of life. Using these noninvasive techniques we infer that static compliance and the Hering Breuer reflex are unchanged during the first week; that infants may increase sensitivity to chemical drive toward the end of the first week; and that there may be a volume related threshold for vagal inhibition of inspiration in some infants. PMID- 1245918 TI - Letter to the editor: Noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 1245919 TI - After the child dies. AB - The parents of a child who dies feel the emotions of shock, mourning, and confusion as they slowly come to accept the finality of the child's death. In contemporary America they frequently feel isolated and abandoned. The individuals and institutions that were sources of emotional support in the period immediately after the child's death are no longer available after a few weeks or months. This is due to several factors: (1) American society is very mobile and the nuclear family often does not have the emotional support of the stable, extended family. (2) Children die less frequently today than they did in the past. In fact, it is almost a unique event. As a consequence, the parents of the dead child have less opportunity to share their feelings with other adults and the community at large. (3) There appears to be a misconception held by the general population that the mourning process and emotional confusion terminate after an interval of a few weeks or months. These factors were influential in motivating a number of parents who had lost children to organize a group which meets bi-monthly. The group is open-ended and nothing said is out of place. The parents have been very helpful to each other in diminishing feelings of isolation, concerns about "strange" thoughts, and feelings of hopeless depression. Requests for information on how to form such a group have come from a number of communities in various parts of the country. PMID- 1245920 TI - Letter: Protein level in the meconium of a homozygotic and a heterozygotic infant with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1245921 TI - Letter: Fanconi anemia: simultaneous onset of symptoms in two siblings. PMID- 1245922 TI - Letter: Fusion of the adrenal glands in association with asplenia. PMID- 1245923 TI - Letter: Cholestyramine in the management of infantile diarrhea. PMID- 1245924 TI - Letter: The "thumb sign" and "little finger sign" in acute epiglottitis. PMID- 1245925 TI - Letter: Somatomedin in cerebral gigantism. PMID- 1245926 TI - Letter: A home-made catheter for peritoneal dialysis in the neonate. PMID- 1245927 TI - Letter: Catheter for peritoneal dialysis in small infants. PMID- 1245928 TI - Letter: Childhood iron deficiency and impaired attentional development or scholastic performance: Is the evidence sufficient to establish causality? PMID- 1245929 TI - Thalassemia in Greek Americans. PMID- 1245930 TI - Letter: Achalasia in siblings: another case. PMID- 1245931 TI - Letter: Fever in the neonate. PMID- 1245932 TI - Letter: Heterochromia and neuroblastoma. PMID- 1245934 TI - Letter: Night waking: a normal response? PMID- 1245933 TI - Letter: The pediatric nurse associate/practitioner internship--postgraduate training. PMID- 1245935 TI - Letter: Insect sting emergency first-aid kits. PMID- 1245936 TI - Editorial: Unusual forms of an uncommon disease (chronic granulomatous disease). PMID- 1245937 TI - Editorial: Human variation--troublemaker for the laboratory diagnostician. PMID- 1245938 TI - Reactions and serologic responses in young children and infants after administration of inactivated monovalent influenza A vaccine. AB - Infants, two years of age and under, received zonally purified whole-virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) influenza vaccine. Febrile responses, including one febrile convulsion, were observed in nine of 13 (69%). There was a fourfold rise in serum neutralizing antibody in nine of 11 (82%) of those lacking initial antibody titers. Purity of the vaccine was documented by electron microscopy, absence of egg protein, and very low levels of endotoxin (0.048mug/dose). It is concluded that the toxicity of vaccine is related to the virus itself and that, despite the good antibody response, influenza vaccine should be administered only to children two years and under at high-risk of complications from influenza, if at all. PMID- 1245939 TI - Clinical reactions and serologic response following inactivated monovalent influenza type B vaccine in young children and infants. AB - A monovalent, zonally purified, inactivated influenza B vaccine was administered to 29 children, 3 to 6 years of age, and 16 infants, 12 to 28 months of age, as a single dose of 0.25 ml containing 250 chick cell agglutinating units. The vaccine was both antigenic and well tolerated in the older group of preschool children. In the infants the vaccine was also antigenic but poorly tolerated clinically. Febrile reactions to 102 or greater were seen in 9 of the 16 infants, and two of these infants experienced a seizure following vaccination. The clinical reactions observed with the administration of influenza B vaccine in the dose used in this study would suggest significant limitations on its use in children under 3 years of age. PMID- 1245940 TI - Growth and fat absorption after resection of ileum in childhood. AB - Twelve children who have survived resection of more than 45 cm of ileum (eight during the neonatal period and four later in childhood) have been reassessed at periods ranging from 3 to 16 years. No child had persistent diarrhea for longer than one year after a resection, and only two children had a restricted fat intake for more than two years. These two children showed no advantage in growth compared with the ten who had normal diet within two years of the resection. The weights of individual children are appropriate for their heights. Their heights tend to be less than those of their siblings, but only two are less than the third percentile compared to height expected in relation to that of parents. The older children still have marked steatorrhea but no diarrhea, and serum levels of vitamins A, D, and E are normal. These observations suggest that two years after extensive resection ileum some children may tolerate a normal diet and grow well despite persisting defects in absorption. Infants with more extensive resections are now surviving and may require special diets and vitamin supplements for longer periods of time. PMID- 1245941 TI - Effect of diet on urinary excretion of VMA, HVA, metanephrine, and total free catecholamine in normal preschool children. AB - Quantitation of the urinary metabolites of catecholamines, including VMA, HVA, and metanephrines, from six normal preschool children was performed during a normal diet, a restricted diet, and a diet with increased amounts of vanilla, vanillin, and phenolic acids. Ingestion of these substances has been suspected of producing elevated values of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites. Urine was collected on the fourth day of each diet in two consecutive 12-hour aliquots, beginning at 8:00 AM. Statistically significant diurnal variation in excretion of all three metabolites and total free catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) was demonstrated. Diet did not alter exceretion of total free catecholamines or any of the three metabolites. This study suggests that a three day restricted diet is not necessary prior to screening children for neuroblastoma when using quantitative assay methods and that all screening tests should be performed on a 24-hour urine sample. PMID- 1245942 TI - Asymptomatic chronic hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia in a child: Cell membrane disease. AB - An 8-year-old boy was followed for four years because of chronic hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia. THe clinical manifestations were episodic and characterized by spontaneous carpopedal spasm. There were no other signs of magnesium or potassium deficiency. Metabolic studies revealed that the urinary exceretion of magnesium and potassium was elevated in relation to the serum level, but appropriate for a normal boy of that age. No abnormality was detected in the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and the renal functions were normal. Various therapeutic attempts (oral magnesium and/or potassium supplements, spironolactone) failed to correct the abnormal serum concentrations of magnesium and potassium. This disease may represent a defect in the maintenance of a normal gradient between intra-and extracellular magnesium and potassium. PMID- 1245943 TI - Posterior mediastinal accessory thymus. PMID- 1245944 TI - Possible misdiagnosis of Krabbe disease. PMID- 1245945 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in mercurial diuretic intoxication. PMID- 1245946 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the continental United States. PMID- 1245947 TI - Fetal breathing: induction in utero and effects of vagotomy and barbiturates. AB - Breathing movements were induced in the mature fetal lamb in utero by (1) both electrical stimulation and manipulation of the sciatic nerve, (2) stimulation of cutaneous receptors, and (3) KCI injection into the peripheral circulation. The breathing patterns that were produced included the "respiratory reflex", sustained regular breathing lasting up to three hours, and short bursts of irregular breathing. The latter resembled the spontaneous irregular breathing of the fetus in situ as reported by others. It is suggested that the intensity of peripheral somatic stimulation is an important determinant of the resultant breathing activity, ie, low intensity produces irregular breathing and high intensity, sustained regular breathing. The breathing responses were not affected by bilateral cervical vagotomy, but were inhibited completely by maternal administration of pentobarbital and of quantities of thiopental and methohexital equal to or less than the doses used clinically. PMID- 1245948 TI - Transfusion therapy for cerebrovascular abnormalities in sickle cell disease. AB - Cerebral angiograms were performed in patients with sickle cell disease and symptoms of stroke to evaluate transfusion therapy for cerebrovascular accidents. Three patients who were transfused repeatedly for one year to maintain less than 30% hemoglobin S were compared to two patients who were not transfused. All patients had abnormal angiograms initially. After one year the angiographic abnormalities resolved in two and improved in one transfused child. The two children who were not transfused showed progressive vascular disease. For all arteriograms, the patients were prepared by transfusion with normal red cells and careful hydration. PMID- 1245949 TI - Renal arteriography in the evaluation of unexplained hypertension in children and adolescents. AB - Arteriography demonstrated renal artery stenosis in 24% of 101 selected patients whose hypertension was first diagnosed before the age of 20 years. Arteriographic findings were normal in 58%. The prevalence of RAS was greater in the younger than in the older age groups. An abdominal bruit and urographic abnormalities were frequently observed in association with RAS. Adequate follow-up information was available for 16 patients who underwent vascular repair or nephrectomy for RAS. In 14 of the 16, the hypertension was eliminated (81%) or definitely reduced (6%). PMID- 1245950 TI - Extramembranous glomerulonephritis in childhood: relationship to systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Extramembranous glomerulonephritis is an uncommon but distinct pathologic lesion in children. The diagnosis is established by the characteristic light, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural abnormalities in renal biopsy specimens. This report describes seven of the ten children with this lesion studied in the past 11 years. Emphasis is given to the comparison of four children with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis with three others who presented with a nephrotic syndrome but subsequently developed evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Two of the latter three children, and three others with SLE and MGN not described in detail, demonstrated deposition of IgA by immunofluorescence along glomerular capillaries. Five of six children with SLE and MGN had microtubular structures in glomerular endothelial cells demonstrable by electron microscopy. These observations suggest that children with MGN require careful and continuing study for evidence of SLE. PMID- 1245951 TI - Shunt nephritis: the nature of the serum cryoglobulins and their relation to the complement profile. AB - The serum complement profiles of four patients with shunt nephritis indicated classical pathway activation of the complement system. The presence of mixed cryoglobulins was correlated with disease activity and the cryoglobulins were shown to be complement reactive. Antisera to two of the cryoglobulins recognized antigens of the infecting organism, and a specific bacterial antibody was identified in one cryoglobulin, giveing evidence that the cryoglobulins contained immune complexes. Bacterial antibody without detectable antigen was demonstrable in the sera indicating antibody excess. Renal morphology demonstrated mesangial proliferation and interposition with subendothelial and mesangial deposits. Parallels are drawn with active lupus nephritis. PMID- 1245952 TI - Persistent pleocytosis in bacterial meningitis. AB - Persistent pleocytosis of greater than 60 white blood cells/mm3 was commonly seen in children adequately treated for bacterial meningitis. It occurred in 13 of 21 (62%) children with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis and in 2 of 9 (22%) with pneumococcal meningitis. Pleocytosis alone cannot be used as an indication of prolonging therapy; significance of persistent pleocytosis is not known. PMID- 1245953 TI - Diencephalic syndrome revisited. AB - This report details the histories of five patients with clinical diencephalic syndrome who collectively demonstrate the variability found in the syndrome with respect to: (1) clinical course, (2) site of the tumor, and (3) ease of obtaining radiologic confirmation of the presence of a tumor. A review of an additional 67 patients indicates that the observations are not unique. The anatomic variability combined with the fact that the course of those who are treated is infinitely better than those left untreated adds urgency to the establishment of precise anatomic diagnosis. These considerations led to a critical review of the histories of the 72 patients. From this it can be stated that anteriorly and posteriorly placed tumors do exhibit subtle but significant differences in their clinical course, and roentgenograms of the optic foramina and analysis of the CSF cell and protein content appear warranted early in the investigation of emaciation from unknown cause. Further, an evaluation is made of the role of various radiologic techniques and of endocrine studies in establishing the diagnosis. Similarly, the relative merits of radiotherapy and/or surgery in the treatment of the disease are defined. Finally, the adequacy of the term diencephalic syndrome is discussed. PMID- 1245954 TI - Familial translocation (3p 15p) with partial trisomy for the upper arm of chromosome 3 in two sibs. PMID- 1245955 TI - Massive pulmonary hemorrhage as a presenting feature in congenital hyperammonemia. PMID- 1245956 TI - Hypothyroidism and pityriasis rubra pilaris. Response to thyroid hormone. PMID- 1245957 TI - Overwhelming sepsis following splenectomy for trauma. PMID- 1245959 TI - Commentary: the bronze baby syndrome. PMID- 1245958 TI - The "bronze baby" syndrome: postmortem data. AB - The case history and autopsy findings of an infant with the "bronze baby" syndrome are presented. These findings substantiate that kernicterus occurs in term infants receiving phototherapy for concentrations of serum indirect bilirubin below 20 mg/dl. The findings at autopsy suggest that the photodecomposed pigmented products of bilirubin are unable to pass the blood brain barrier. The need for establishing the cause of jaundice prior to initiation of phototherapy is stressed. PMID- 1245960 TI - Protamine sulfate titration for heparin activity in neonates with indwelling umbilical catheters. AB - A rapid, simple, semimicro method for neutralization of heparin effect by titration with protamine sulfate is described. Protamine sulfate can be effectively employed to eliminate the effect of heparin on the APTT. Determination of true abnormalities of coagulation has important prognostic and therapeutic implications for the sick newborn infant. PMID- 1245961 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid evaluation in neonates: comparison of high-risk infants with and without meningitis. AB - Results of CSF examinations from 117 high-risk neonates were reviewed. The mean CSF cell count was 8.4 cells/mm3 and the range was 0 to 32 cells/mm.3 Approximately 60% of the CSF WBC were polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Average CSF protein concentrations were 90 mg/dl (range, 20-170 mg/dl) in term and 115 mg/dl (range, 65-150 mg/dl) in preterm infants. The average CSF glucose was 81% of the blood glucose value in term and 74% in preterm infants. Comparison of these CSF findings with those from 119 infants with bacterial meningitis revealed that there was considerable overlapping of values, but only one of the 119 infants with meningitis had a completely normal initial CSF examination. The decision to initiate antimicrobial therapy in neonates with suspected meningitis must be based on total evaluation of the patient. PMID- 1245962 TI - Neonatal osteomyelitis of the calcaneus: complication of heel puncture. PMID- 1245963 TI - Hydrops fetalis due to anti-Kell isoimmune disease: survival with optimal long term outcome. PMID- 1245964 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis with recurrent hepatic portal venous gas. AB - Two separate episodes of pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas were observed in a premature infant with necrotizing enterocolitis. Although HPVG has previously been considered an ominous roentgenographic sign, the infant survived without surgical intervention. As in several cases reported by others, clinical and roentgenographic signs of NEC reappeared when enteric feedings were restarted prior to 10 days of medical therapy. PMID- 1245965 TI - Pancytopenia in an infant associated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy. AB - Pancytopenia in a seven-month-old baby is described and attributed to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy. Plasma cells and histiocytes were prominent in the initial bone marrow examination and quite unlike the fatty hypocellular marrow usually seen in aplastic anemia. PMID- 1245966 TI - Warfarin therapy initiated during pregnancy and phenotypic chondrodysplasia punctata. AB - An infant is described who has clinical manifestations and roentgenographic features consistent with the diagnosis of chondrodysplasia punctata. The mother of this infant received warfarin during pregnancy. Eight cases demonstrating an association between warfarin therapy during pregnancy and chondrodysplasia punctata in the child have been reported; in the present case therapy was initiated following conception (see following case report). Warfarin may be teratogenic, producing a phencopy of the heritable forms of chondrodysplasia punctata. Because of the evident association we suggest (1) warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy and alternative anticoagulants should be used; (2) products of at-risk pregnancies should be screened for the characteristic radiologic findings; and (3) preconceptual counselling and antenatal diagnosis of the disease may be beneficial. PMID- 1245967 TI - Letter: Fetal anomalies associated with warfarin therapy initiated shortly prior to conception. PMID- 1245968 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome temperament before death. AB - A retrospective study was made of the behavioral patterns of 46 infants whose deaths were attributed to the sudden infant death syndrome. Controls were the victims' siblings. Data concerning the infants' behavioral pattern were collected retrospectively from the parents, utilizing a modification of the Carey temperament questionnaire. The parents' recollection of the victims indicated that they: (1) had less intense reactions to environmental stimuli, (2) were less active physically, (3) were more breathless and exhausted during feeding, and (4) had more abnormal cries. The behavioral characteristics had a positive correlation with various postmortem evidences of antecedent chronic hypoventilation and hypoxemia. It would be a serious error for any parent to be told that their infant was at risk based on the behavioral pattern reported retrospectively by parents of victims of SIDS, because the pattern is also a common one in other infants. PMID- 1245969 TI - Commentary: Sudden infant death syndrome and temperament. PMID- 1245970 TI - Alkaptonuria with nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 1245971 TI - Meningococcal osteomyelitis: a report of two cases associated with septic arthritis. PMID- 1245973 TI - The Chediak-Higashi syndrome in a Negro infant. PMID- 1245972 TI - Intraluminal tracheal cyst producing airway obstruction in the newborn infant. PMID- 1245974 TI - Myelitis associated with genital herpes in a child. PMID- 1245975 TI - Letter: Indirect effect of sex hormones on the fetus. PMID- 1245976 TI - Letter: On the treatment of congenital goiter. PMID- 1245978 TI - Letter: Ethical problem of hysterectomy in a mentally retarded girl. PMID- 1245977 TI - Treatment of parasitic infections. PMID- 1245979 TI - Letter: Estradiol as inhibitor of gonadotropin? PMID- 1245980 TI - Ectopic pancreas in the stomach. PMID- 1245981 TI - Obstructive jaundice due to gastric trichobezoar. PMID- 1245982 TI - Capillary hemangioma of the uterine cervix: an unusual cause of vaginal bleeding in a child. PMID- 1245983 TI - Bronchiectasis: a cause of infantile lobar emphysema. PMID- 1245984 TI - Coronary arterioatrial fistula treated by operation. PMID- 1245985 TI - Tracheoesophageal pouch occurring in a case of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula. PMID- 1245986 TI - Oncocytoma of tongue in a child. PMID- 1245987 TI - Rupture of the spleen in the newborn: treatment without splenectomy. PMID- 1245988 TI - Simple renal cyst in a child. PMID- 1245989 TI - Reconstruction following iatrogenic burn of the penis. PMID- 1245990 TI - Unexplained pneumoperitoneum and sclerema neonatorum. PMID- 1245991 TI - Webbed penis without chordee. PMID- 1245992 TI - Serum gastrin levels in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 1245994 TI - Wound healing in children as assessed by the CELLSTIC method. AB - Assessment of the quality and speed of wound healing in man has been rather difficult until the present time. By the use of CEELSTIC, a tissue-sensitive test drain composed of a standardized piece of viscose cellulose sponge inside a thin Silastic tube, cells existing between wound edges can be analyzed by histologic, cytologic, and enzyme histochemical means. The 166 pediatric surgical patients studied showed that wound healing is an age-dependent process reflected by the increased time needed for cellular transformation and maximal activation of hexokinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase with increasing age. PMID- 1245993 TI - Bacterial flora of appendicitis in children. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were taken immediately upon operative entry to the peritoneal cavity of 114 consecutive children undergoing appendectomy. Stage of appendicitis and clinical presentation could be closely correlated to specific patterns of peritoneal bacterial flora. It was found that appendiceal gangrene and perforation uniformly produce a polymicrobial peritonitis that is based on the symbiosis of aerobes with anaerobes. Ensuing wound and intra-abdominal septic complications were likewise mixed infections. Based on these findings, refinements in the diagnosis of appendiceal gangrene and perforation as well as rationales in the treatment of appendicitis have been discussed. PMID- 1245995 TI - Urogenital sinus in the female child. PMID- 1245996 TI - The advantages of a ventriculostomy reservoir with the Holter valve system. AB - The use of a Rickham ventriculostomy reservoir incorporated in the Holter valve system is advocated. In a retrospective study of 173 button tape, the clinical assessment of the valve was proved correct in 51% of occasions and in a prospective review of 100 taps the clinical findings were correct in 53%. The complication rate of tapping the reservoir is negligible. PMID- 1245997 TI - Atresia of the colon. AB - Eleven infants with colon atresia have been managed by staged procedure with survival and good health in ten. Complications have been relatively few. At the initial operation the proximal atretic segment is exteriorized as an end colostomy. Such a procedure is simple and safe, results in rapid relief of the obstruction, and permits normal feeding by mouth within a few days. At a second procedure several weeks or months later, intestinal continuity is established by an end-to-end or end-to-side anastomosis. Gastroschisis has been an associated anomaly in four of these cases. This association gives additional support to the concept that intrauterine interference to the blood supply to a segment of intestines is the etiologic factor responsible for such atresias. PMID- 1245998 TI - Levatorplasty: A secondary operation for fecal incontinence following primary operation for anorectal agenesis. AB - A procedure is described which combines the posterior liberation of the levator with the levator plication. This operation was performed in 15 children, born with anorectal agenesis, all of whom were incontinent of feces after primary operation. Four of the 15 children became fully continent following levatorplasty, seven patients now have only occasional soiling, and four patients continue to soil persistently. In all the cases, a good correlation was found between bowel control after levatorplasty and anal canal pressures. Normal resting anal canal pressure was as significant as the voluntary squeeze pressure in relation to continence. PMID- 1246000 TI - Acute appendicitis presenting as a scrotal mass. PMID- 1245999 TI - Bleeding hemangioma of the colon diagnosed by coloscopy. PMID- 1246001 TI - Another variant of the multicystic kidney. PMID- 1246002 TI - Right diaphragmatic hernia with fetal ascites. PMID- 1246003 TI - Ectopic gastric mucosa in the ileum: a cause of intussusception. PMID- 1246004 TI - Identification and specific blockade of two receptors for histamine in the cardiovascular system. AB - Histamine caused a fall in blood pressure in anesthetized dogs and cats which was only partially attenuated by mepyramine (pyrilamine), a histamine type H1 receptor antagonist. Further treatment with burimide or metiamide, type H2 receptor antagonists, caused nearly complete attenuation of the response to histamine. Burimamide alone had no effect on vasodilatation produced by histamine in the dog gracilis muscle whereas mepyramine alone caused a partial attenuation. An H2-receptor agonist, 4-methylhistamine and an H1-receptor agonist, 2-(2 pyridyl)ethylamine, both produced vasodilatation which was blocked by metiamide and mepyramine, respectively. Constriction of the saphenous vein produced by histamine was found to involve interaction with H1-receptors only. In the intact dog, histamine increased heart rate and decreased left ventricular dp/dt through direct effects. Mepyramine prevented the increase in heart rate but did not affect the chronotropic actions of isoproterenol and glyceryl trinitrate. H1 receptor blockade did not alter inotropic effects whereas subsequent H2-receptor blockade prevented the negative inotropic effect of histamine. It is concluded that both peripheral vascular and cardiac responses to histamine are mediated through activation of H1- and H2-histamine receptors. PMID- 1246006 TI - Stimulus properties of the narcotic antagonist pentazocine: similarity to morphine and antagonism by naloxone. AB - Pentazocine (10 mg/kg) and saline were used as discriminative stimuli in rats. After pentazocine administration, reinforcement could be obtained contingent on pressing one particular lever (left or right) in a two-lever operant chamber. Responding on the opposite lever was reinforced only after saline injections; a drug-lever combination was always held constant for each animal. Discriminated choice responding between pentazocine and saline was learned to an 80% correct criterion. Test injections of morphine produced dose-related responding on the pentazocine lever. Choice responding after 7.5 mg/kg of morphine was not significantly different from choice responding after 10 mg/kg of pentazocine. The discriminable ED50 values for both pentazocine and morphine were estimated from dose-response curves and when given in combination (pentazocine ED50 + morphine ED50), more drug-related responding occurred than occurred after either drug (ED50) alone. Naloxone produced saline-like responding but antagonized the stimulus properties of both pentazocine and morphine. However, the antagonism of the morphine cue by naloxone was significantly greater than the antagonism of the pentazocine cue. The results indicate that pentazocine and morphine are similar in at least one important respect suggesting that these drugs may share a common site of action. PMID- 1246005 TI - Effects of opiate agonists and antagonists on central neurons of the cat. AB - Morphine, naloxone, nalorphine, levorphanol, dextrorphan and levallorphan were ejected electrophoretically from micropipettes near cholinoceptive and noncholinoceptive cells of the spinal cord, ventrobasal thalamus and cerebral cortex of decerebrate and barbiturate-anesthetized cats. Morphine excited those cells having nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine. Naloxone and nalorphine reduced the action of morphine and acetylcholine on these cells but not the effects of excitant amino acids. Levorphanol excited spinal neurons also excited by acetylcholine, an effect antagonized by naloxone, but also showed atropine like activity when ejected for prolonged periods. Dextrorphan depressed the firing of both cholinoceptive and noncholinoceptive spinal neurons. Levallorphan reduced the effects of both acetylcholine and excitant amino acids on spinal neurons. The depressant effects of morphine and levorphanol on noncholinoceptive spinal neurons were not antagonized by naloxone. PMID- 1246007 TI - 3H-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol tissue and subcellular distribution in the central nervous system and tissue distribution in peripheral organs of tolerant and nontolerant dogs. AB - Tolerant and nontolerant dogs received one i.v. administration of 0.5 mg/kg of 3H delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol 30 minutes before they were sacrificed. Plasma, peripheral and brain tissues, as well as subcellular fractions of brain tissues from both treatment groups, were analyzed for radioactivity. Throughout the time period before sacrifice, the plasma concentrations of radioactivity in the tolerant and nontolerant dogs were not significantly different. The percentage of radioactivity in brain and plasma that was due to either unchanged delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol or a major metabolite was the same in each group. Of the radioactivity in brain, 46% was identified as delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Regardless of treatment, there was a specific accumulation of radioactivity in adrenals, liver, kidney, heart and pancreas. The only significant differences in radioactivity between tolerant and nontolerant peripheral tissues were found in liver, kidney cortex, heart and lymph nodes. Although all brain areas from tolerant dogs contained less radioactivity than the comparable brain areas from nontolerant animals, only pituitary and putamen were significantly less. There was a specific accumulation of radioactivity in some brain areas that could be associated with behavioral effects. The concentration in cerebellar and cerebral gray was significantly greater than that in white, and there was a marked reduction in the concentration in gray after tolerance developed. The mean percentage of radioactivity in each subcellular fraction was as follows: 23% crude nuclei, 44% mitochondria, 8% cholinergic nerve endings, 7% noncholinergic nerve endings, 2% free mitochondria and 6% synaptic vesicles. The quantity of radioactivity in homogenates of brains from tolerant dogs was 17% less than brains of nontolerant animals, which was merely a reflection of the respective plasma concentrations. The distribution of radioactivity was similar in both groups, although most of the subcellular fractions from tolerant dogs contained a lesser amount of radioactivity. The most notable difference was observed in the synaptic vesicle fraction. The synaptic vesicle fraction of tolerant dogs contained 40% less radioactivity than did the same fraction from nontolerant dogs, which implied a possible mechanism of action. A comparison of the remaining subcellular fractions did not appear to explain the development of tolerance. PMID- 1246008 TI - The effect of phencyclidine and ketamine on schedule-controlled behavior in the pigeon. AB - Pigeons were trained under a multiple schedule of food presentation with alternating 30-response fixed-ratio (FR-30) and 10-minute fixed-interval (FI-10) components. Average rates of responding were 2.9 and 0.55 responses/sec, respectively. Both phencyclidine (0.03-3.0 mg/kg i.m.) and ketamine (0.1-30.0 mg/kg i.m.) increased response rates at low doses while decreasing response rates at high doses during the FI-10 component. Only a dose-related decrease in response rates was seen in the FR-30 component with both phencyclidine and ketamine. In individual birds, the maximum rate increases in the FI-10 component ranged from 110% to 163% of the control rate. The rate increases in the FI-10 component depended on the control rate of responding. The effects of phencyclidine and ketamine were qualitatively similar to d-amphetamine (0.1-10 mg/kg i.m.). PMID- 1246009 TI - Metabolism, distribution and anticonvulsant properties of N,N'- dimethoxymethyl phenobarbital in the rat. AB - The in vivo metabolism of N,N'-dimethoxymethyl phenobarbital (DMMP) and the anticonvulsant properties of its metabolites were studied in the rat. At 10 and 30 minutes after i.p. administration, DMMP (ethyl-1-14C) represented less than 3% of plasma radioactivity, whereas N-monomethoxymethyl phenobarbital (MMP) was 78 and 75%, respectively, phenobarbital (PB) 12 and 20%, apparent mephobarbital 6 and 2% and less than 5% of the radioactivity remained at the origin. Peak levels of MMP were reached at 30 minutes in liver and 60 minutes in plasma and brain. At 4 hours, MMP had declined to 7% in plasma and was not detected in brain while PB rose to 93% of total 14C in plasma and brain. SKF-525A blocked (90%) the in vivo conversion of DMMP to MMP and completely inhibited the formation of PB, apparent mephobarbital and unidentified polar metabolites. MMP after oral administration was effective against maximum electroshock seizures at a time when brain levels of PB derived from MMP were insufficient to account for the total observed protection. However, MMP appears less potent than PB against pentylenetetrazol seizures. PMID- 1246010 TI - Pharmacological characterization of lithium reabsorption in the rat. AB - The effects of furosemide, chlorothiazide and acetazolamide upon fractional lithium excretion (FELi) were studied in acutely lithium-loaded rats. Changes in FELi were compared with the fractional excretions of sodium FENa and calcium FECa. Furosemide and acetazolamide, given separately, produced large and substantially equivalent increases in FELi. Responses of FENa and FECa to acetazolamide were much less than to furosemide. Chlorothiazide, alone or in combination with the other agents, produced moderate increases in FENa, modest increases in FECa and essentially no change in FELi. When furosemide was superimposed upon a previously established acetazolamide diuresis, the response in FELi was additive to that from acetazolamide alone. These results suggest that lithium reabsorption occurs at nephron sites primarily affected by acetazolamide and furosemide in the rat and that a significant amount of lithium reabsorption may take place in the loop of Henle. Acetazolamide, in combination with furosemide, appeared to depress renal tissue lithium accumulation. PMID- 1246011 TI - Induction of hepatic enzymes by methaqualone and effect on warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia. AB - The effect of methaqualone on the induction of hepatic enzymes was evaluated in rats and compared with that of phenobarbital by measuring effects on hexobarbital and methaqualone hypnosis, plasma and tissue levels of methaqualone, hepatic aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activity and warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia. Maximal reductions in hexobarbital hypnosis occurred 3 days after daily administration of 60 mg of methaqualone per kg per day. At this time, the activities of aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase were increased 60 and 139%, respectively, and hepatic microsomal proteins increased 15% above controls in methaqualone-pretreated animals. Methaqualone altered its own metabolism as demonstrated by a 48% reduction in methaqualone hypnosis in pretreated animals. The extent and duration of induction by phenobarbital was considerably greater than methaqualone in all experiments. Methaqualone pretreatment did not affect warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia, whereas phenobarbital-pretreated animals showed a 32 to 64% reduction in response to the anticoagulant. These studies indicate that methaqualone is a relatively weak inducer of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and has no effect on the anticoagulant acitivty of warfarin. PMID- 1246012 TI - Theophylline metabolism by the rat liver microsomal system. AB - The metabolism of 8-14C-theophylline (14C-Theo) was investigated in vivo and in vitro in the rat. In vivo, 14C-Theo at an initial blood concentration of 10muM was metabolized to at least two different metabolites, 1,3-dimethyl uric acid and 1-methyl uric acid. The biological half-life of the 8-14C-Theo (6 +/- 1.5 hours) was determined from the urinary excretion of radioactivity. Ten days of oral pretreatment of rats with theophylline resulted in a faster rate of metabolism of both 14C-Theo and zoxazolamine. In vitro metabolism of 14C-Theo was investigated in order to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for theophylline metabolism. A tissue survey utilizing tissue slices demonstrated that the metabolism is localized only in the liver since slices of heart, lung, intestine, brain, adrenals, kidney or spleen did not metabolize 14C-Theo. 14C-Theo metabolism in the liver was localized in the subcellular fraction of microsomes and not in the mitochondria or cytosol. 14C-Theo metabolism by liver slices or liver microsomes was inhibited by typical liver microsomal inhibitors such as 2-diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate (SKF 525-A) and 3-methyl-4-methylaminoazobenzene. 14C-Theo metabolism in liver slices was increased by the liver microsomal-inducing agents, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. 3-Methylcholanthrene also increased 14C Theo metabolism by the liver microsomal fraction. One of the metabolites, 1 methylxanthine, generated by the microsomal system, is a substrate for xanthine oxidase, and its conversion to 1-methyl uric acid by xanthine oxidase was blocked by allopurinol. 14C-Theo per se was shown not to be a substrate for liver xanthine oxidase or aldehyde oxidase. These results indicate that Theo per se is metabolized by the liver microsomal system and not by liver xanthine oxidase or aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 1246013 TI - Effect of experimental azotemia on renal clearance of furosemide in the dog. AB - The clearance of furosemide (F), whose renal tubular transport shares the classical characteristics of the organic acid system, was determined in dogs with varying degrees of azotemia and compared with tetraethylammonium (TEA), an organic base. Two normal and eight azotemic dogs [blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 12 273] were studied. Azotemia was produced by bilateral uretero-venous anastomoses. The left renal vein and ureter were cannulated and renal blood flow (RBF) was measured by electromagnetic flowmeter. Simultaneous left renal clearances (C) of subpharmacological doses of TEA-14C and furosemide-14C were determined at seven 30-minute intervals. Initial loading doses were followed by continuous maintenance infusions. For TEA, clearance (1.5 ml/min-g +/- 0.2 S.E.M.) and extraction (E) (0.83 +/- 0.02) are independent of the degree of azotemia. Renal plasma flow (RPF), calculated as CTEA/ETEA, agreed closely with directly measured RPF (2.0 ml/g-min +/- 0.3). RPF was independent of azotemia. To allow for individual differences in the animals in RPF, the ratio CTEA/CF was used. CF (1.07-0.17 ml/min-g) and EF (0.54-0.06) decreased as a linear function of the increase in uremic serum: (see article). Furosemide and its principle metabolite were greater than or equal to 97% of the furosemide portion of the radioactivity. The metabolite did not increase with time in either plasma or urine. After acute administration of exogenous urea to two dogs (BUN 170 and 253) CTEA/CF was unrelated to BUN. Thus, the CF decreases proportionately with progressive azotemia and is not related to RBF, exogenous urea or metabolite. This suppression of renal tubular secretion of furosemide may partially account for reduced therapeutic efficacy of furosemide in azotemia. PMID- 1246014 TI - Is the peripheral sympatho-adrenal nervous system necessary for renal hypertension? AB - Two-kidney renal hypertension in the rat (left renal artery narrowing) was shown to be dependent on the vasoconstrictor action of renin-angiotensin throughout its time course as evidenced by the simultaneous: 1) rise in blood pressure; 2) elevation in plasma renin activity; and 3) vasodepressor sensitivity to the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ-20881. One-kidney renal hypertension (left renal artery narrowing plus contralateral nephrectomy), in contrast, was shown to be independent of the vasoconstrictor action of renin-angiotensin. The role played by the sympathetic nervous system in one-kidney renal hypertension was studied in animals in which the peripheral sympathetic nervous system was completely ablated by chronic guanethidine treatment and adrenal demedullation. The completeness of the sympathectomy was pharmacologically confirmed by 1) marked reduction of tyramine vasoconstriction; 2) lack of sensitivity to ganglionic blockade (pentolinium); and 3) complete reversal of blood pressure responsiveness to phentolamine. When such animals were subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and left renal artery constriction, they still developed a significant hypertension compared to their unclipped controls and the hypertension remained renin independent. One-kidney renal artery-clipped animals that were only neonatally guanethidine-treated or were only adrenal-demedullated, also developed low-renin renal hypertension. It can be concluded that one-kidney renal hypertension is not only low-renin hypertension but that it can develop in the complete absence of adrenal medullary and peripheral adrenergic function. PMID- 1246015 TI - Influence of prostaglandins E, A and F on vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, renal nerve stimulation and angiotensin in the feline kidney. AB - The effects of intrarenal infusion of prostaglandins (PGs) of the E, A and F series on renal vascular resistance and on vasoconstrictor responses to renal nerve stimulation (RNS), norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin (A) were determined in the in situ feline kidney under conditions of controlled blood flow. Infusion of PGE2 (3 and 0.3 mug/min) and PGE1 (3 mug/min) resulted in a marked decrease in renal perfusion pressure and a reduction in responses to all vasoconstrictor stimuli. PGE2 (0.03 mug/min) did not alter perfusion pressure. However, responses to RNS and A but not to NE were attenuated. PGA2 (3 and 0.3 mug/min) had no significant effect on perfusion pressure. PGA1 (3 mug/min) resulted in a transient decrease in renal vascular resistance which was not maintained during the infusion period. PGA2 (3 mug/min) reduced the response to RNS at 10 and 30 cps and reduced the response to A, whereas responses to NE were not affected. PGA2 (0.3 mug/min) had no effect on responses to either of the pressor stimuli. PGA1 infusion resulted in an enhanced response to RNS at the highest stimulus frequency and decreased the response elicited by A. PGF2alpha (3 mug/min) had no significant effect on renal vascular resistance or on responses to NE and nerve stimulation. However, the response to angiotensin was decreased and responses to RNS at 10 and 30 cps were decreased 30 minutes after the PGF2alpha infusion. The present data demonstrate that, of the natural renal PGs, PGE2 and PGA2 possess the capacity to modulate the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the feline kidney. In addition, the effects of PGE and PGA on responses to adrenergic stimuli and on vascular resistance could be separated. PMID- 1246016 TI - Effects of nicotine on rebound excitation of guinea-pig small intestine. AB - Poststimulus rebound contractions and associated action potentials of the circular muscle layer occurred after termination of transmural electrical stimulation. Low concentrations of nicotine (1 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-6) g/ml) either abolished or greatly reduced the poststimulus response. The contractile force and time duration of the response were reduced, and the latency of the response was increased by low concentrations of nicotine. The depressant action of low concentrations of nicotine was reversed by an increase in concentration from 5 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-4) g/ml. The effects of low concentrations of nicotine were mimicked by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide, and they were prevented by hexamethonium, pentolinium, gallamine and large concentrations of atropine. Gallamine increased myogenic electrical and mechanical activity and potentiated the poststimulus rebound response. Pretreatment with guanethidine produced a small reduction in the inhibitory action of nicotine. Propranolol and phentolamine suppressed the poststimulus response, but the specificity of the action was questionable. The effects of nicotine may be mediated by excitation of intrinsic inhibitory neurons. PMID- 1246018 TI - Editorial: The National Health Service. PMID- 1246017 TI - Actions of methoxamine and tryptamine and their interactions with cyproheptadine and phenoxybenzamine on cat spinal cord segmental reflexes. AB - The effects of norepinephrine, methoxamine and tryptamine were assessed on the monosynaptic and polysynaptic segmental reflexes in the unanesthetized, decerebrated acute spinal cat. Their selectivity of action was determined by studying the interactions of methoxamine and tryptamine with two antagonists, cyproheptadine and phenoxybenzamine. Potentials were evoked by stimulating either the L7 or S1 dorsal root and were recorded from the corresponding ipsilateral ventral root. Norepinephrine did not affect reflex activity, whereas methoxamine facilitated both the monosynaptic and polysynaptic potentials in a dose-related manner when infused over 20 minutes. Tryptamine facilitated both the monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex potentials. This increase was dose related for the monosynaptic reflex but not for the polysynaptic reflex. Phenoxybenzamine blocked the facilitatory effects of methoxamine and did not antagonize the effects of tryptamine on the segmental reflex. The facilitatory effects of tryptamine were effectively blocked by cyproheptadine. Cyproheptadine failed to reduce the polysynaptic response to methoxamine, although it partially antagonized the monosynaptic facilitation. These findings demonstrate that methoxamine and tryptamine facilitate the segmental reflex by different modes of action and provide additional evidence for noradrenergic and tryptaminergic systems in the spinal cord. PMID- 1246020 TI - The effect of screening on the quality of life after seventy. PMID- 1246019 TI - An approach to screening policies. PMID- 1246022 TI - Arterial thrombosis and the vessel wall. PMID- 1246021 TI - The effect of treatment on the natural history of peptic ulcer. PMID- 1246023 TI - Jennings Randolph: Bell Greve award recipient. PMID- 1246024 TI - Rehabilitation--the challenge--past and future. PMID- 1246026 TI - The state--federal program: a point of view. PMID- 1246025 TI - NRA's spirit of '76. PMID- 1246027 TI - Rehabilitation consumerism confrontation or communication and cooperation? PMID- 1246028 TI - Why not a halfway house for the deaf? PMID- 1246029 TI - On the structure of medicinal chemistry. AB - The great advances in biochemistry and molecular biology, the development of physical organic chemistry, and the availability of large computers are creating opportunities for restructuring medicinal chemistry. The enormous volume of scientific results relevant to medicinal chemistry which appear with each new round of the journals forces us to make greater efforts to bring the information together in more meaningful patterns. The QSAR paradigm redirects our thinking about structuring medicinal chemistry. PMID- 1246030 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes. 1. Synthesis and properties of 1 methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime, a pro-drug of N-methylpyridinium-2 carbaldoxime chloride. AB - A dihydropyridine-pyridine type redox pro-drug system was developed for delivering quaternary pyridinium salts through biological membranes. As a first application, the dihydropyridine derivative of N-methylpyridinium-2-carbaldoxime chloride (2-PAM) was synthesized using a reduction-addition-elimination sequence. The dihydro-2-PAM obtained has all the required properties for an effective transport through lipoidal barriers and it reverts easily back to 2-PAM as a result of a chemical or enzymatic oxidation process. PMID- 1246031 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes. 2. Distribution, excretion, and metabolism of N-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime hydrochloride, a pro drug of N-methylpyridinium-2-carbaldoxime chloride. AB - N-Methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime hydrochloride, the pro-drug of 2-PAM, was found to be converted in vivo to 2-PAM, rapidly and quantitatively. The significantly changed properties of the pro-2-PAM resulted in a longer biological half-life and a favorable distribution of 2-PAM formed upon its oxidation. No new metabolite was found when pro-2-PAM was administered intravenously; however, a new metabolic product was formed when the pro-drug was given by oral route. PMID- 1246032 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes. 3. Delivery of N-methylpyridinium 2-carbaldoxime chloride through the blood-brain barrier in its dihydropyridine pro-drug form. AB - Administration of N-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime hydrochloride, the pro-drug form of 2-PAM, resulted in an average of 13-fold increase in the amount of 2-PAM delivered into the brain of mice as compared to the administration of 2 PAM. The pro-drug which crossed the BBB resulted in a dramatic increase in the reactivation of AChE blocked by DFP. In vivo studies of the "aging" of the phosphorylated AChE in the brain of mice could also be studied using pro-2-PAM. PMID- 1246033 TI - Synthesis and biological actions of 2-substituted quinolizidines. AB - A series of 2-substituted quinolizidines was synthesized and tested for their effects on motor activity in mice. In the 2-aryl-2-hydroxyquinolizidines (5 and 6) a difference was noted in potency between the axial and equatorial aryl analogs. A significant difference in activity was also found between the epimeric 2-(4-fluorobenzoyl) quinolizidines (10c and 11c). PMID- 1246034 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 2- and 4-substituted 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinolines. AB - Various 2- and 4-substituted 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisquinolines were synthesized and evaluated as substrates and inhibitors of catechol O methyltransferase (COMT). In addition, these compounds were tested for their ability to release norepinephrine-3H from mouse hearts in vivo. Methyl substituents in the 2 and/or 4 positions of 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline had little effect on the interaction of these molecules with COMT. In general, the substrate kinetic (Km, Vmax) and inhibitory kinetic (Kis) properties toward COMT were similar for each of these compounds. In contrast, norepinephrine depleting activity showed more strict structural requirements. Methyl substituents in the 2 or 4 positions of the parent compound, 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, eliminated the norepinephrine depleting activity. The interesting exception was 6,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium iodide, which was found to be more active than the parent molecule as a depleter of norepinephrine from mouse hearts. PMID- 1246035 TI - Comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity of substituted (phenylglyoxal bis(4 methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)) copper (II) chelates. AB - Seven para-substituted [phenylglyoxal bis(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)]copper (II) chelates (12-18) have been designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit the respiration of rat liver slices as a normal cell model and Ehrlich ascites cells as a tumor cell model. Relationships between chemical structure and respiratory inhibition are described on a quantitative basis using substituent contants (pi, Es, and sigmap) by computerized multiparameter regression analyses. The correlations indicate that changes in Es have the largest effect on liver slice toxicity of chelates while pi and sigmap account for most of the variation in toxicity to ascites cells. A comparative analysis strongly suggests that electron-donating substituents with greater water solubility should increase cytotoxicity to ascites cells at the expense of cytotoxicity to the rat liver cells. The predictions of the equations were checked by synthesizing and testing an additional derivative. The results strengthen the initial predictions. PMID- 1246036 TI - Copper chelates as possible active forms of the antiarthritic agents. PMID- 1246037 TI - Relationship between analgetic ED50 dose and time-course brain levels N alkylnormeperidine homologues. AB - The brain levels of meperidine and three N-alkyl homologues were determined at equal analgetic iv doses in mice. The relative levels of the four compounds in brain were found to be closely proportional to their ED50 doses even though the compounds exhibit a wide range in partition coefficient and metabolic N dealkylation. While lipid solubility and metabolism are undoubtedly important factors in the overall time-course brain levels, it appears that during the period of analgetic measurement (5-60 min after injection) these factors do not profoundly affect the relative brain levels because peak uptake occurs within the first 5 min after administration of the homologues. As a consequence, the observed ED50 potencies appear to provide a fair approximation of the relative receptor affinities of the four homologues. N-Dealkylation was observed as a major metabolic transformation by mouse liver in vivo for all four compounds, and the extent of this N-dealkylation was found to directly correspond to the rates of N-dealkylation by mouse liver homogenate seen in an earlier study. PMID- 1246039 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory properties of N-substituted 4,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3 carboxanilides. AB - The synthesis and physical properties of a series of N-methyl- and N-phenyl-4,5 dioxopyrrolidine-3-carboxanilides are described. Unlike previously reported carboxanilides derived from 1,3(2H,4H)-dioxoisoquinoline and 2-oxobenzofuran, the currently described agents exist solely as the enol tautomers and, as a result, do not display comparable acidic properties. None of the newly reported compounds exhibited activity equal to that of aspirin in the carrageenin-induced rat foot edema assay. PMID- 1246038 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of brain catecholamine depletion by N-alkyl derivatives of 6-aminodopamine. AB - Three analogs of 6-aminodopamine were synthesized and tested for their ability to deplete the central nervous system of norepinephrine and dopamine. The compounds were analogs in which the aliphatic nitrogen of the ethyl side chain was substituted with dimethyl, isopropyl, and methyl groups. The first two compounds showed only very weak depletion of norepinephrine stores, while having no effect on dopamine levels. The third compound was not tested due to its instability. PMID- 1246040 TI - Effect of aromatic nitro compounds on oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P-450 dependent enzymes. AB - The effect of aromatic nitro compounds on the oxidative metabolism of representative type I (hexobarbital and aminopyrene) and type II (aniline and zoxazolamine) substrates by cytochrome P-450 dependent liver enzymes was studied. Nitro compounds (nitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzoate, 2-nitrofluorene, and 2 nitronaphthalene) inhibited the oxidation of type II substrates by rabbit liver microsomal enzymes; however, they had no effect on the metabolism of the type I compounds. Inhibition of type II metabolism was characterized graphically as S,I hyperbolic non-competitive. The influence of aromatic nitro compounds on the interaction of type I and type II substrates with oxidized and reduced cytochrome P-450 was studied by difference spectroscopy. From Lineweaver-Burke plots, nitro compounds were shown to competitively interact with type II compounds for cytochrome p-450 binding sites. Nitro compounds completely prevented the appearance of a type I binding spectrum with either hexobarbital or aminopyrene even when the modifier was present at concentrations less than 10(-8)M. Aromatic nitro compounds appear to therefore inhibit the metabolism of the type II substrates through a mixed mechanism of interaction with the microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 1246041 TI - Intracyclization rates of 6-hydroxydopamine and 6-aminodopamine analogs under physiological conditions. AB - It is agreed that the neurotoxic action of 6-hydroxydopamine and 6-aminodopamine is related to their ease of oxidation. The initial oxidation products, the p quinone and p-quinone imine, readily undergo 1,2-intracyclization. These reactions could represent an important loss of active neurotoxic agent available uptake. A variety of substituted 6-aminodopamine analogs was prepared and their formal potentials and cyclization rates were measured accurately. The effect of the balance of ease of oxidation vs. rate of cyclization on their neurotoxicity was examined. The results are in general accord with in vivo lifetimes for 6 hydroxydopamine and 6-aminodopamine in rat caudate nucleus. PMID- 1246042 TI - Stereochemical studies of adrenergic drugs. Diastereomeric 2-amino-1 phenylcyclobutanols. PMID- 1246043 TI - 7-Aza analogs of the analgetic agent azabicyclane. Synthesis and pharmacologic analysis. AB - Three 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives (4) with a structural similarity to the analgetic agent azabicyclane (1) were prepared. The amino alcohol 4a was found to prefer a conformation wherein the six-membered ring to which the hydroxyl group is syn is in the boat form. These three compounds had increased basicity in comparison with 1 due to various forces stabilizing their monocationic states. Compounds 4a-c did not show analgetic activity at the dose levels tested. PMID- 1246044 TI - 2,3-Dihydroxyphenethanolamine as an adrenergic agent. AB - In an attempt to further define the role of the m-hydroxy group in adrenergic agents, 2,3-dihydroxyphenethanolamine hydrobromide and N-isopropyl-2,3 dihydroxyphenethanolamine hydrobromide were prepared. These agents are less active than norepinephrine in alpha- and beta-adrenergic in vitro tests. The synthesis and conclusions from the tests are discussed. PMID- 1246045 TI - Amino acids. 1. alpha-Hydroxymethylphenylalanines. PMID- 1246046 TI - Central nervous system depressants. 13. s-Triazolo-1,5-benzodiazepin-5-ones. PMID- 1246047 TI - S-Aristeromycinyl-L-homocysteine, a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine dependent transmethylations. PMID- 1246048 TI - Specificity of an antibody directed against d-methamphetamine. Studies with rigid and nonrigid analogs. AB - The specificity of an antibody directed against d-(S)-methamphetamine (MA) was determined by competitive binding assay with more than 50 compounds-metabolites, homologs, and analogs of amphetamine. The antibody appears to be specific both for the side chain and the aromatic ring of d-(S)-amphetamine (A). The basic requirements for a compound to be bound to the antibody are (a) an aromatic ring, (b) a basic nitrogen, and (c) a two-carbon chain between the aromatic ring and the nitrogen. A transoid conformation for the phenethylamine skeleton is preferred. The interaction of the antibody with compounds differing from MA or A in side-chain substitutions was directly proportional to the closeness of their structure to MA and/or A. The antibody exhibited greatly reduced affinity for ring-substituted analogs of A; the p-hydroxy metabolite of A did not bind to the antibody. A radioimmunoassay of A is described; it was utilized to study the disposition of A in dogs. PMID- 1246049 TI - Catechol O-methyltransferase. 7. Affinity labeling with the oxidation products of 6-aminodopamine. AB - 6-Aminodopamine (6-NH2DA) and various analogs of 6-NH2DA have been evaluated for their ability to inactivate purified catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) in vitro. The inactivation of COMT by these agents could be prevented by including an antioxidant in the preincubation mixture or by excluding oxygen; however, catalase did not protect the enzyme from inactivation. Substrate protection studies and kinetic studies suggested that the loss of enzyme activity resulted from the alkylation of an amino acid residue at the active site of COMT by the quinoid types products which were generated upon air oxidation of 6-NH2DA. In addition, we have explored in more detail the reactivity toward COMT of specific intermediates in the oxidation pathways of 6-NH2DA by using various 6-NH2DA analogs. From the above studies we have concluded that 6-aminodopamine-p-quinone (6-NH2DAQ) is perhaps the most toxic species toward COMT. However, the aminochromes which are formed from 6-NH2DAQ are also effective in inactivating COMT. The results of these studies have provided a useful model system for observing the interaction of 6-NH2DA and its oxidation products with proteins; in addition, it has provided additional insight into the topography of the active site of COMT. PMID- 1246050 TI - Potential oxidative pathways of brain catecholamines. AB - The possibility that catecholamines can be oxidized via aberrant pathways in vivo is open to question, but in vitro oxidation via aerobic manipulations is established. Assuming oxidation does occur, we have examined quantitatively the fast chemical reactions of the initial oxidation products, the o-quinones. The nature and rates of these reactions were studies under the conditions simulating closely those which presumably exist in mammalian brain. The results are in close accord with existing literature and especially support oxidation pathways recently reported in [3H]-norepinephrine binding to particulate cell fractions. PMID- 1246051 TI - 8-chloro-(S)- and -(R)-10-((S)-and -(R)-3'-methylethylaminopyrrolidino)- 10,11 dihydrodibenzo(b,f)thiepins. Synthesis and pharmacological studies. AB - The synthesis for 8-chloro-(S)- and -(R)-10-[(S)- and -(R)-3' methylethylaminopyrrolidino]-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins is presented. The absolute configuration at position 3' of the aminopyrrolidino side chain is known from synthesis and corresponds to the asymmetric carbon atom in (S)- or (R) aspartic acid. The absolute configuration at C-10 of the dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin ring system was deduced from ORD-CD analysis coupled with degradation of partially resolved (+)-8-chloro-10-amino-10,11 dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin to (+)-(S)-1,2-diphenylethylamine. The four isomers were studied in mice for their ability to block conditioned avoidance responding, antagonize oxotremorine, and act as analgetics and anticonvulsants. These compounds were found to be nonselective antagonists of histamine, acetylcholine, and BaCl2 in vitro. The compounds exerted effects similar to those of chlorpromazine. Stereoselective differences in activity between diastereoisomers, rather than between enantiomorphs, were generally observed. PMID- 1246053 TI - A conformational study of beta-phenethanolamine receptor sites. 8. Pharmacological study of 3-isopropylamino-2-phenyl-trans-2-decalols. AB - Two N-isopropylnorephedrines and their four possible decalol analogs were compared pharmacologically. Four of the six compounds at a concentration of 1 x 10(-4) M caused a potentiation of D(-)-norepinephrine (NE) contraction of the rat vas deferens and increased the maximal response of the preparation to NE. Pretreatment in vivo with reserpine (5 mg/kg ip) 24 hr before the experiment in vitro did not change these effects. At a concentration higher than 1 x 10(-3) M all of the decalin analogs antagonized the effects of NE. All of the analogs lowered the dog blood pressure briefly. The lowering of blood pressure was augmented by alpha-adrenergic blockade and was not changed by beta-adrenergic blockade, atropine, or a ganglionic blocking agent. Tachyphylaxis was not observed. The spontaneous contraction of isolated rabbit atria was depressed by the substances at concentrations of 1 x 10(-4)-1 x 10(-3) M. Catecholamine uptake in rat vas deferens was lowered by the substances and all of them produced a release of catecholamines from vas deferens. By virtue of the conformational rigidity of the decalols, possible inferences concerning the stereochemical aspects of the interaction of the ephedrine analogs with adrenergic neurone receptor sites are discussed. PMID- 1246052 TI - Novel analogs of tricyclic psychopharmacological agents. AB - The synthesis of several novel analogs of amitriptyline and chlorprothixene, in a number of which the position of the side-chain nitrogen atom rigidly fixed with respect to the tricyclic nucleus, is described. The compounds were evaluated for antidepressant-like activity in the Dopa and serotonin interaction tests and for potential antipsychotic activity in the methamphetamine interaction test. 5-(3 Dimethylaminocyclohex-1-enyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (12) was about equipotent with imipramine in the Dopa and methamphetamine tests, and 3-chloro 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-spiro-6'-3'-methyl-3' azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (23) also displayed marked activity in the same tests. Prototype compounds for other ring systems, 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene tropane (16) and 5-(3 dimethylaminocycloheptylidene)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (18), were less active. PMID- 1246054 TI - Stereochemical studies on medicinal agents. 19. X-ray crystal structures of two (+/-)-allylprodine diastereomers. The role of the allyl group in conferring high stereoselectivity and potency at analgetic receptors. AB - X-Ray crystallographic studies have been performed on the two diasteromeric racemates of 3-allyl-1-methyl-4-propionoxypiperidine hydrochloride (allylprodine hydrochloride) in an effort to determine the role of conformation in their interaction with analgetic receptors sites. The chiral orientation of the phenyl group in the highly potent isomer, (+)-1, is qualitatively in conformity with the stereo structure-activity relationship found among other analgetic 4 phenylpiperdines. The fact that (+)-2, a relatively weak analgetic with no stereoselectivity, also possesses this feature indicates that this conformational arrangement per se does not ensure high potency. The data suggest that the very potency and stereoselectivity which the allylic double bond confers to (+)-1 are due primarily to the interaction of this bond with an accessory site on the receptor. PMID- 1246056 TI - Ergoline congeners as potential inhibitors of prolactin release. 2. AB - In our attempts to elucidate the prolactin release inhibiting pharmacophore within the ergoline structure, we have prepared one indolealkylamine and several 2-aminotetralin derivatives. These congeners have been evaluated for inhibition of prolactin release in vivo. One congener, 5,8-dihydroxy-2 dimethylaminotetralin, and the drug M-7 significantly inhibited prolactin secretion. PMID- 1246055 TI - Correlation analysis of Baker's studies on enzyme inhibition. 1. Guanine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, dihydrofolate reductase, and complement. AB - Five correlation equations are presented which relate inhibitory activity of 578 inhibitors of guanine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, dihydrofolate reductase, and complement to their chemical structures. The use of correlation analysis in enzyme studies for drug development is discussed. The importance of indicator variables in such studies is emphasized. PMID- 1246057 TI - Policy-making in a negotiating society. PMID- 1246058 TI - Administration perspectives on government and quality of medical education. PMID- 1246059 TI - The future place of science in the art of healing. PMID- 1246060 TI - Congressional perspectives on government and quality of medical education. PMID- 1246061 TI - The responsibilities of the physician as a member of society: the invisible line. PMID- 1246062 TI - Alan Gregg Memorial Lecture. Physician as scientist: preparation, performance, and prospects. PMID- 1246063 TI - The rural-urban distribution of medical school applicants. PMID- 1246064 TI - A management model to survey and analyze house staff effort. PMID- 1246065 TI - An approach to correction of physician data acquisition errors. PMID- 1246066 TI - A four-semester chemistry-biochemistry sequence for students in medical training. PMID- 1246067 TI - Teaching behavioral science in the preclinical curriculum. PMID- 1246068 TI - A study on the effectiveness of one-way mirrors. PMID- 1246069 TI - Interdisciplinary nutrition education. PMID- 1246070 TI - Editorial: The proliferation of laws and regulations. PMID- 1246071 TI - Ethnic group members on U.S. medical school faculties. PMID- 1246072 TI - Public rights and private responsibilities: a university viewpoint. PMID- 1246073 TI - Letter: Reverse discrimination. PMID- 1246074 TI - Surgical treatment for vertigo--sound or fury? PMID- 1246075 TI - A history of medical publications in Mississippi. PMID- 1246076 TI - Problems in abdominal surgery. I. Peritoneovenous shunting for intractable ascites. PMID- 1246077 TI - Radiologic seminar CLVIII: trans T-tube extraction of retained biliary stones. PMID- 1246078 TI - Structure of anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in snakes. AB - Anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR) is a major subcortical, telencephalic nucleus in snakes. Its structure was studied in Nissl, Golgi, and electron microscopic preparations in several species of snakes. Neurons in ADVR form a homogeneous population. They have large nuclei, scattered cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in their cytoplasm, and bear dendrites from all portions of their somata. The dendrites have a moderate covering of pedunculated spines. Clusters of two to five cells with touching somata can be seen in Nissl, Golgi, and electron microscopic preparations. The area of apposition may contain a series of specialized junctions which resemble gap junctions. Three populations of axons can be identified in rapid Golgi preparations of snake ADVR. Type 1 axons course from the lateral forebrain bundle and bear small varicosities about 1 mu long. Type 2 axons arise from ADVR neurons and bear large varicosities about 5 mu long. The origin of the very thin type 3 axons is not known; they bear small varicosities about 1 mu long. The majority of axon terminals in ADVR are small (1 mu to 2 mu long), contain round synaptic vesicles, and form asymmetric active zones. This type of axon terminates on dendritic spines and shafts and on somata. A small percentage of terminals are large, 5 mu in length, contain round synaptic vesicles, and form asymmetric active zones. This type of axon terminates only on dendritic spines. A small percentage of terminals are small, contain pleomorphic synaptic vesicles, and form symmetric active zones. This type of axon terminates on dendritic shafts and on somata. PMID- 1246079 TI - A brachial glycogen body in the spinal cord of the domestic chicken. AB - When cervical segments 14 to 15 of the chicken spinal cord are cut transversely and studied by routine histological and histochemical methods, an onion-shaped region, filled with thread-like fibers, is seen to surround the ependymal cells of the central canal and to be bounded laterally by the neural elements of the spinal gray matter. This area is negative for succinic dehydrogenase, beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase activity, but very strongly periodic acid-Schiff positive. Diastase controls show the positive material to be glycogen. Parasagittal sections through this cervical region and into the upper thoracic cord, show the glycogen-rich region to extend longitudinally throughout the region. Because of its location and histochemical characterization, which are similar to that of the ventral portion of the glycogen body, the term brachial glycogen body is proposed for this structure. PMID- 1246080 TI - The development and replacement of teeth in viviparous caecilians. AB - Tooth development and replacement in fetal and adult viviparous caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) are described and analyzed according to current theories of tooth succession. The fetal dentition differs from that of the adult in morphology, position, and function. Teeth are used by fetuses to scrape the oviducal epithelium, thus stimulating the secretion of a nutrient substance. Fetal dentitions vary in morphology and position in different species. The ontogeny of teeth of several species is described and the patterns of addition of loci and of replacement are analyzed. Loci are added both posteriorly along the jaw and between existing loci as the jaw grows prior to ossification; subsequently addition is restricted to the posterior part of the jaw. Tooth replacement is alternate. The several rows and patches of teeth are the result of retention of replacement series on the dentigerous elements. Tooth development and replacement in a series of juveniles and adults of different sizes in a single species are also considered. Post-fetal patterns of development and replacement are similar to those seen in larvae and adults of oviparous species. Variation in numbers of teeth and proportions of teeth at particular stages occurs ontogenetically and among individuals of the same size, though proportions occur in a similar pattern throughout the series. The general pattern of tooth replacement in fetuses and adults can be explained by either Edmund's Zahnreihen theory or by Osborn's Tooth Family theory, but replacement in fetal tooth patches and the fetal-adult dentitional transition are explained by neither. PMID- 1246081 TI - The pectoral anatomy of selected Ostariophysi. I. The Characiniformes. AB - The muscles and bones of the pectoral fin of Serrasalmus nattereri, the piranha, resemble those of generalized, lower teleosts with specializations related to a body shape adapted for high-speed carnivory; the pectoral fins being highly mobile with strong ligaments to the rays. The presence of two occipital nerves appears primitive, while the emergence of the subclavian artery within the branchial cavity, as in Gasteropelecus sternicla, appears specialized. The muscles and bones of the latter fish, a fresh-water flying fish, are specialized for self-propelled, aerial flight in the fusion of the right and left girdles greatly expanded for insertions of complex appendicular (flight) muscles, and in the consolidation of the rays and radials into one functional unit moving vertically in flight through contraction of vertical, massive ventral flight muscles. The bony pectoral anatomy of Electrophorus electricus, the electric eel, is specialized in having a mobile joint between the primary girdle and the cleithrum, the former being suspended vertically from the cleithrum by ligaments. The proximal radials and rays are very numerous and vertically aligned. The cleithrum is shaped to accommodate the extensive sternohyoid and pharyngocleithral muscles. The sheet-like appendicular muscles extend beyond the special joint and control its movement. The deeper muscles do not cross this joint. The arterial system is specialized in lacking a deep brachial artery. PMID- 1246082 TI - Some interactions of light, riboflavin, and aflatoxin B1 in vivo and in vitro. AB - In previous studies, artificial sunlight and riboflavin synergistically increased acute aflatoxin toxicity in rats. Three new experiments were designed to provide information on the interaction of riboflavin, aflatoxin, and light. In a study of carcinogenesis, rats received low levels of aflatoxin 5 days/wk for 3 wk; 30 min after each dosing, half of them were irradiated for 2 hr. In some, levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and acid phosphatase were determined 5 days after completion of treatment. Remaining rats were killed at 30 or 53 wk. All underwent complete necropsies and histopathologic examination. In the second experiment, rats were dosed with riboflavin and divided into four groups: no further treatment; aflatoxin (LD50); irradiation (1-2 hr); or aflatoxin plus irradiation. Blood riboflavin levels were determined at intervals following these treatments. In the third experiment, the chemical reactions of irradated aflatoxin and/or riboflavin were studied by uv spectroscopy and TLC. The 53-wk study showed clearly that light decreased the incidence of aflatoxin-induced cancer. The other results may provide an explanation. Aflatoxin caused blood riboflavin levels to decrease-an effect enhanced by irradiation, suggesting that photosensitized riboflavin and aflatoxin form a complex. This interpretation gains support from studies in vitro that showed that riboflavin quenched aflatoxin photodegradation, perhaps by complexing with aflatoxin. Thus, low, carcinogenic doses of aflatoxin may complex with endogenous, photosensitized riboflavin, inhibiting its degradation into carcinogenic metabolites. PMID- 1246083 TI - Quantitative relationship of fecal asbestos to asbestos exposure. AB - A method is descirbed for isolating chrysotile fibers from feces and counting them with an electron microscope. The detection limit was 150,000 fibers per gram feces; average recovery was 85.5%. When the method was used to check the asbestos in feces of people subjected to industrial exposure vs. controls, the means were significantly different (p less than 0.02). Duplicate fecal samples were found to check within an average of +/- 31.1% of their means. PMID- 1246084 TI - Pharmacodynamics and uptake of vinyl chloride monomer administered by various routes to rats. AB - Finding at least 2-3 ppm and occasionally as much as 10-20 ppm of vinyl chloride monomer in a wide range of foodstuffs has prompted concern for a possible human health hazard. The recognition of vinyl chloride as a carcinogen to humans in April 1974, following the discovery of angiosarcoma as the cause of death in at least 25 workers who had been engaged in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride, enhanced this concern with respect to the presence of vinyl chloride monomer in foods. To assess the hazard presented by the oral ingestion of vinyl chloride monomer, rats that had been surgically prepared with an indwelling jugular cannula were dosed by intragastric intubation with aqueous solutions containing up to 2.0 mg/ml vinyl chloride. Time-concentration curves were obtained from sequential samples of blood. The uptake of vinyl chloride by this route was found to be extremely rapid; peak concentrations were achieved less than 10 min after administration of the dose. Elimination from the blood compartment appeared to be biexponential. Studies with the same animal model in a single restraint cage that allowed a "head only" exposure to concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 7,000 ppm in the gas phase have shown a similar rapid uptake followed by a plateau blood concentration during several hours of exposure. On removal from the vinyl chloride atmosphere, blood levels fell rapidly to barely detectable concentrations after 2 hr. The precise kinetic coefficients that describe the distribution and elimination rates of vinyl chloride from the blood compartment were also determined from the blood concentration data after the administration of an intravenous dose of aqueous or vegetable oil solution. PMID- 1246086 TI - Effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and ethanol on body weight protein and nucleic acid synthesis in chick embryos. AB - Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or ethanol were administered into the yolk sac of chicken eggs at various times of incubation. Repetitive injections of 1 or 2 mg THC and/or 10 mul of alcohol were fiven. With a schedule of injections on days 2, 4, 7, and 9 with sacrifice on day 11, or on days 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11 with sacrifice on day 15, the body weight was reduced and the liver weight increased. The latter schedule also decreased the weight of the forebrain. Injections of labeled leucine and uridine were also given 1 hr before sacrifice to determine the rate of incorporation of these precursors into protein and RNA. Apparent changes were found in the specific activities of protein and RNA in different parts of the brain and liver. No overall metabolic trends emerged, however. No teratogenic effects were visible with the dosage schedules used. PMID- 1246085 TI - Dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase: molecular size-dependence of repression by polynuclear hydrocarbons. Nonhydrocarbon repressors. AB - Studies with 58 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons have shown that to repress demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rat liver, the hydrocarbons must satisfy specific requirements of molecular geometry regarding size, shape, and coplanarity. Expressing the molecular size of these planar compounds by the two dimensional area occupied, the size for maximal repressor activity ranges between about 85 and 150 A2. In addition to being within the correct molecular size range the hydrocarbons must have an elongated-rather than compact-molecular shape; circularly shaped and/or highly symmetrical hydrocarbons, such as coronene, triphenylene, ovalene, and tetrabenzonaphthalene, have very low activity or are inactive, in spite of being in the optimum size range. Coplanarity of the molecule is a critical requirement; thus, the potent carcinogen, 9,10-dimethyl 1,2-benzanthracene, is inactive as repressor of DMN-demethylase synthesis. Two exceptions, fluoranthene and benzol[ghi] fluoranthene, showed significant induction of DMN-demethylase. The molecular size distribution of hydrocarbons that repress the DMN-demethylase shows a mirror-image relationship with respect to the earlier reported molecular size requirement for indcution of azo dye N demethylase. Compounds other than hydrocarbons also show the mirror-image relationship in the sense that pregnenolene-16alpha-carbonitrile, alpha- and beta naphthoflavone, and Aroclor 1254 (known to be inducers of various mixed-function oxidases) are strong repressors of DMN-demethylase. Aminoacetonitrile, a strong inhibitor of carcinogenesis by DMN, is also a potent repressor of DMN demethylase. The enzyme is inhibited by pretreatment of the animals with cobaltous chloride, an inhibitor of the synthesis of cytochrome P-450. Pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile and 3-methylcholanthrene, despite their similarity of action on DMN-demethylase, have different effects on azo reductase, which is repressed by the former and induced by the latter compound. PMID- 1246087 TI - Sequential histopathologic, hematologic, and blood chemistry changes induced in mice by a technical and a purified preparation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AB - Maternal mice were given 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) on days 6 through 14 of pregnancy in a tetratologic study at the National Center for Toxicological Research. Sick or moribund mice sacrificed after 4-8 doses of 120 mg/kg 2,4,5-T often showed severe myocardial lesions, hypocellularity of the bone marrow, and depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen, or lymph nodes. Healthy mice sacrificed on day 17, 11 days after treatment began, showed few or no severe lesions. To determine if lesions earlier in gestation contributed significantly to an increase in fetal abnormalities in the healthy 17-day survivors, dihybrid croos F2 pregnant and nonpregnant mice received by gavage 0, 60, or 120 mg/kg 2,4,5-T on days 6 through 14 of pregnancy. One group received a technical preparation containing 97.9 +/- 0.4% 2,4,5-T; another received a purified preparation containing 99 +/- 0.3% 2,4,5-T. Mice were sacrificed when they became moribund and at 6, 24, and 30 hr, as well as at 4, 6, 8, and 11 days after beginning treatment. Almost all mice given 60 mg/kg and many given 120 mg/kg 2,4,5-T appeared normal at sacrifice either early or late in pregnancy and showed little or no pathologic changes. Mice that became ill or moribund often showed severe lesions; few survived 11 days. Severe myocardial lesions were seen in 26 of 70 moribund mice fiven the technical 2,4,5-T and 24 of 33 given the purified preparation of 2,4,5-T. The moribund mice, particularly those given the purified compound, also showed a high incidence of lesions in other organs and marked hematological and blood chemistry changes. These findings indicate that the lesions are primarily due to 2,4,5-T rather than to impurities in the technical preparation; also impaired maternal health is not the primary cause of the increase in fetal abnormalities. PMID- 1246088 TI - Chlordane: effects on several estuarine organisms. AB - Dynamic marine toxicity tests were performed with technical grade chlordan and eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). The 96-hr LC20S (and 95% confidence limits) based on measured concentrations of chlordane (in mug/liter) are: ping shrimp 0.4 (0.3 0.6); grass shrimp, 4.8 (4.0-6.0); sheepshead minnows, 24.5 (19.9-28.6); and pinfish, 6.4 (5.0-7.3). The 96-hr EC50 for eastern oysters was 6.2 (4.8-7.9). In a flow-through test, embryos and fry of sheepshead minnows were exposed to average measured concentrations of chlordane from 1.3 to 36.0 mug/liter for 28 days. Neither fertilization success nor embryo survival was affected by the concentrations of chlordane to which these life stages were exposed. However, sheepshead minnow fry did not survive for more than 10 days in chlordane concentrations greater than 7.1 mug/liter. PMID- 1246089 TI - Subacute toxicity studies with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in laboratory animal species. AB - Prostaglandins are a group of modified hydroxy fatty acids with a wide distribution in mammalian tissues. They possess a wide range of potent biological activities and promise to be useful clinically in areas as diverse as the treatment of asthma and termination of pregnancy, in spite of the voluminous scientific literature on prostaglandins, there is little information on the relative safety on these agents in animals. In the present study subacute effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a representative of the series, were studied in albino rats and Bealge dogs. The compound was dissolved in phosphate buffer and administered by continuous intravenous infusion for 3-6 hr daily, at dose levels up to 2.0 mug/kg/min for 14 consecutive days. Conventional physical, cardiovascular, hematologic, clinical chemical, and postmortem examinations were performed. Dogs exhibited occasional episodes of stupor and/or excitement and emesis. In rats no compound-related physical signs were observed. Cardiovascular parameters and hematology findings were unremarkable. A decrease in blood glucose was observed sporadically in both rats and dogs. Postmortem findings, gross and microscopic, were unremarkable. It is concluded that daily iv infusion of PGE1 up to 2.0 mug/kg/min for 14 consecutive days to rats and dogs causes no biologically meaningful detrimental effects. PMID- 1246090 TI - Intracellular effects of chronic arsenic administration on renal proximal tubule cells. AB - Arsenic is one of the more common toxic elements in the environment. The kidney accumulates this element and plays a major role in its metabolism and excretion. Mitochondria have been found in vitro to be highly sensitive to the toxicity of this element. Combined oxygen electrode and electron microscopic studies were conducted on kidneys of rats exposed to arsenate in the drinking water at concentrations of 40, 85, or 125 ppm for 6 weeks to evaluate in vivo mitochondrial toxicity. Decreased state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratios were observed in kidneys of rats given the 85 and 125 ppm dose levels. Ultrastructural alterations, which consisted of swollen mitochondria and increased numbers of dense autophagic lysosome-like bodies, were confined to proximal tubule cells of these same animals. This study places renal arsenate mitochondrial toxicity into an in vivo context and points to the value of using complementary techniques for assessing the subacute or chronic toxicity of environmental agents. PMID- 1246091 TI - Comparative toxicological studies of indole, benzo[b] thiophene, and 1 methylindole derivatives. AB - The comparative LD50 values have been determined in mice for 34 indole, benzo[b] thiophene, and 1-methylindole derivatives of related structures. No clear-cut correlations could be obtained with regard to physicochemical properties across all structures although some relationships are evident within subgroups. PMID- 1246092 TI - Joint action of insecticides against houseflies. AB - Mixtures of DDT, lindane, endrin, isobenzan, malathion, thiometon, and carbaryl were formulated on an equitoxicity basis. The joint action of 14 mixtures of insecticides was studied against the female housefly (Musca nebulo L.) by a topical application method. In general, the intragroup combinations of the chlorinatophosphate plus a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide exhibited no loss in either potency or synergism. An independent joint action was observed only in those mixtures containing DDT and either malathion or thiomethon. The toxicity of all the formulations containing carbaryl and a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide was found to be more than additive. The mixture of isobenzan plus carbaryl exhibited the highest degree of synergism of all the combinations tested, while those containing carbaryl and either malathion or thiometon showed a slight antagonism. PMID- 1246093 TI - Respiratory retention of inhaled toluene and benzene in the dog. AB - This study deals with the inhalation of toluene and benzene found in the vapor phase of cigarette smoke. Determined in this study were the uptake of each substance by the total respiratory tract and by the upper and lower portions under varying conditions of ventilatory rate, tidal volume, and concentration inhaled. Retention by the total tract of toluene fell within the range of 91-94% at all ventilatory rates seen, indicating no relationship between rate and retention. With benzene, total tract retention varied from 88 to 68% with an inverse relationship between retention and rate apparent. This relationship was seen in all types of experiments conducted with benzene. Upper tract retention revealed an uptake of about 89% for both one- and two-way experiments with toluene. In the benzene experiments retention varied from 80 to 61% and from 81 to 63% in the one- and two-way procedures, respectively. Mean lower tract retention was 90% with toluene at all ventilatory rates considered. Benzene retention varied from 74 to 61% as the rate increased from 6 to 18 inhalations/min. PMID- 1246094 TI - Letter: Mutagenicity of commercially available hair dyes. What significance for humans? PMID- 1246095 TI - Categorization of hospital emergency capabilities: a progress report. AB - Categorization of hospital emergency service capabilities in a community, region (irrespective of state boundaries), or possibly a state, should contribute significantly toward an improved EMS systrm serving the area and, in turn, contribute to improved care of the seriously ill or injured. Community or regional categorization appears preferable in most situations to statewide categorization. Nationwide categorization seems particularly undesirable. The AMA Guidelines for categorization currently are the best available. While they certainly are not perfect, they deserve testing by surveys and studies in many communities, regions and states. Thereafter, they must be revised and updated utilizing input from those who have provided tests in the field. The merits of categorization of hospital emergency service capabilities transcend all petty objections in the best interest of the care of emergent patients. The profound hope is that the private sector will implement CHES and avoid the threat of government imposition. The time to do so is now. PMID- 1246096 TI - Amputation as a salvage for patients with incapacitating infected fractures of the lower limbs. AB - Most serious lower-limb injuries with severe bone and soft tissue damage heal when treated wisely by techniques available today. Unfortunately, a small percentage of patients face prolonged physical and economic disability as a result of extensive damage to bone and soft tissue, nonunion of fractures with infection, nerve and blood-vessel injury, and complications of surgical treatment. Every effort should be made to effect union by established methods but a small percentage of fractures do not heal satisfactorily. Failure of infected lower-limb fractures to unite after prolonged treatment or the prospect of prolonged treatment or the prospect of prolonged morbidity and disability occasionally justify amputation in one lower limb. When a lower-limb prosthesis can provide stability support, and mobility painlessly, and overcome the morbidity and disability of an infected ununited fracture, amputation may be the treatment of choice. In the present review of our experiences in the past 17 years with patients having severly injured and diseased lower limbs where little chance existed for rehabilitation to acceptable levels of function by various methods of treatment, open amputation through infected bone followed by secondary closure was chosen to salvage the unfortunate patient with littlw chance of achieving acceptable function after infected ununited fractures of the lower limbs. PMID- 1246097 TI - Cerebral contusions: re-evaluation of the mechanism of their development. AB - At the present writing, the biomechanics of "coup-contrecoup" contusions may be summarized as follows: 1) "Coup" contusions are caused by the slapping effect of discrete areas of inbeding bone during impact. "Contrecoup" contusions are caused by the movements of the brain against irregular and rough bony enviornment. 2) When the head is relatively fixed, a blunt discrete impact causes a "coup" lesion with no "contrecoup" effect. 3) When the head is free to move, a blunt impact will cause a contrecoup lesion or lesions and no "coup" effect. 4) "Fracture contusion" is caused by the slapping effect of the fracture site on the outbending cerebral surface. In such cases, occassionally the dura may be torn. 5) Deeper contusions in the substance of the brain are due to inertial stresses from relative movements and pressure gradients. 6) Contusions of the cerebral tonsils are due to their relative movements at the posterior fossa-foramen magnum junction. PMID- 1246098 TI - Traumatic pseudoaneurysms: a review of 32 cases. AB - The management of 23 patients with traumatic pseudoaneurysms is presented. A pulsatile mass associated with pain was the usual presentation. Hypertension and hypovolemic shock from rupture are uncommon presentations but potential hazards of this lesion. Twenty-one pseudoaaeurysms were treated surgically. Resection with end-to-end anastomosis (eight patients), with graft replacement (one patient), with lateral repair (seven patients) was done. Hypothermia with circulatory arrest and external Dacron shunt were used to prevent visceral ischemia during high aortic occlusion. There were no mortalities or significant postoperative complications. PMID- 1246099 TI - Fat embolism associated with an atrial septal defect. AB - A case of a patient with pulmonary fat embolism following fractures of femurs and pelvis, with a fatal outcome after 3 days, is presented. Post mortem examination revealed a congenital osteum secundum heart defect, and widespread capillary occlusions from systemic fat microembolization. PMID- 1246100 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis. AB - Acute allergic interstitial nephritis is manifested clinically by rash, fever, eosinophilia, hematuria, oliguria and azotemia. Histologically a monocytic inflammatory process in the renal interstitium is seen. The clinical course of a patient after excessive sodium cephalothin administration suggested allergic interstitial nephritis and implicates this drug as an etiologic agent. PMID- 1246101 TI - Nephrotic syndrome secondary to chronic pyelonephritis and ureterovesical reflux. AB - Vesicoureteral reflux and chronic pyelonephritis are usually associated with proteinuria of less than 1 gm. per 24 hours. When there is massive proteinuria an associated glomerulopathy is usually present. We describe a patient who had nephrotic syndrome with radiological evidence of ureterovesical reflux and histological evidence of chronic pyelonephritis without associated glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1246102 TI - Salmonella lithiasis. AB - A case of Salmonella lithiasis in a 60-year-old woman is presented and the relevant literature is discussed. Nephrectomy instead of lyelolithotomy was undertaken to eliminate the carrier state, and cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile duct were required. PMID- 1246103 TI - Echinococcal cyst involving the prostate and seminal vesicles: a case report. AB - Echinococcal cyst presenting with urinary symptomatology is uncommon. A case describing the symptoms, diagnostic procedures and treatment with good outcome is presented. The need for further followup is emphasized in that additional cysts can appear later in other sites. PMID- 1246104 TI - Surgical management of renal lesions using in situ hypothermia and ischemia. AB - Many renal lesions that were once treated by nephrectomy now lend themselves to surgical correction. The value of in situ hypothermia and ischemia produced by occlusion of the renal artery is detailed. This technique has proved to be a simple, safe and effective surgical approach to the management of most difficult renal lesions. PMID- 1246105 TI - Dissolution of residual renal calculi with hemiacidrin. AB - Hemiacidrin irrigation of the renal collection system via nephrostomy for the dissolution of residual postoperative calculi is described in 14 cases. The irrigation successfully dissolved 13 to 16 caliceal calculi. It did not dissolve any parenchymal calcifications. No known stones of pure calcium oxalate or apatite have been dissolved. Residual stones can safely be dissolved with hemiacidrin irrigation via nephrostomy if clear open drainage and scrupulously sterile urine are maintained. PMID- 1246106 TI - Experience with indwelling ureteral stent catheters. AB - A new indwelling ureteral stent to provide long-term ureteral drainage is described. This radiopaque stent is manufactured of non-reactive, non-collapsible tubing and is designed to resist downward expulsion and upward migration. Internal stent diversion offers advantages in managing patients whose ureters are obstructed by malignancy. 1) Endoscopic placement of the ureteral stent is associated with less morbidity and mortality than supravesical diversion. 2) Unilateral obstruction can be corrected at the time of diagnosis, thus ensuring that later supravesical diversion will not be necessary. 3) If time proves that the urinary diversion is no longer desirable in terms of quality of life, the stent can be removed. PMID- 1246107 TI - Urinary diversion: adjunctive tube gastrostomy. AB - A series of 98 patients who had undergone construction of ileal conduits is discusses. Of the 76 patients who had gastrostomy drainage 2 had complications related to the procedure. Complications occurred in 6 of the 22 patients who had nasogastric drainage. The advantages and disadvantages of postoperative gastric decompression by tube gastrostomy and the nasogastric tube are discussed. We conclude that the gastrostomy tube has a definite place in pediatric and adult urological cases in which postoperative ileus may be expected. PMID- 1246108 TI - Ureteroileourethrostomy: 16-year followup. AB - Ureteroileourethrostomy has been abandoned at our institution for replacement of the bladder because: 1) it compromised the cancer operation and 2) upper urinary deterioration forced conversion to ureteroileocutaneous diversion in 2 of 3 patients. The ureteroileourethrostomy may have future application if all of the prostate is removed when cystectomy is necessary for bladder cancer. The urinary retention can be satisfactorily managed with clean, intermittent self catheterization. The hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis can be satisfactorily managed by reducing residual urine and potassium citrate administration. The upper urinary tract changes can be partially or wholely prevented with antirefluxing ureteroileal anastomoses. PMID- 1246109 TI - Venacavography, corticosteroids and surgery in the management of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Four patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis were found to have characteristic obstruction and anterior displacement of the lumbar vena cava. Varying degrees of venous collateral circulation were present, depending on the degree of vena caval compression. All 4 patients underwent ureterolysis to relieve the hydronephrosis and to confirm diagnosis by biopsy. Two patients were treated with corticosteroids postoperatively. Followup venacavography demonstrated improved filling and decrease in the collateral circulation in these 2 patients. Of the remaining 2 untreated patients 1 was lost to followup and the other revealed no change. Diagnosis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis can be made if characteristic changes are present on inferior venacavography and may provide an objective measure for following the basic disease process during medical treatment. PMID- 1246110 TI - An attempt to understand and to treat voiding dysfunctions during rehabilitation of the bladder in spinal cord injury patients. AB - An attempt to understand and treat dysfunctions during bladder rehabilitation in 150 spinal cord injury patients is presented. The 25 problem patients were further analyzed to identify and manage the dysfunctional bladder and bladder neck, dyssenergic pelvic floor, vesicoureteral reflux, areflexic detrusor muscle and also to discontinue prolonged intermittent catheterization. The initial excellent results with a modified approach to sphincterotomy and the bladder neck operation in 15 patients are presented. Early recognition of patients in whom intermittent catheterization may not be successful will allow one to intervene and establish an early catheter-free status. A new concept of the existence of receptors in the posterior urethra has been postulated. PMID- 1246111 TI - Primary adenovillous carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Two cases of primary adenovillous carcinoma of the bladder are presented: one in a normally placed bladder and the other in an exstrophied bladder. The close association of these 2 neoplasms with coexistent cystitis glandularis would seem to support the possible precancerous nature of the latter entity. The remarkable similarity of these neoplasms to villous adenocarcinomas of the rectum is also described, a finding which may reflect the close embryologic origin of the rectum and bladder neck. A brief review of the classification of vesical adenocarcinomas is also given. PMID- 1246112 TI - Cytogenetic analysis: a potential index for recurrence of early carcinoma of the bladder. AB - In 15 cancer patients cystoscopic resection or biopsy coupled with cytogenetic analysis at intervals of 3 to 69 months showed persistence of chromosomal patterns with markers (abnormal chromosomes) in 4 of 7 non-invasive and in 6 of 8 submucosal invasive carcinomas. Recurrence was limited to but constant in those carcinomas containing markers. Marker chromosomes have potential value as a prognostic aid. Further, the triad of tetraploidy, markers and submucusal invasive moderately well differentiated carcinoma appears to carry such a lethal prognosis as to militate for early radical resection. PMID- 1246113 TI - Treatment of autonomic dysreflexia with phenoxybenzamine. AB - Our 9 patients with severe autonomic dysreflexia treated with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-sympatholytic agent, had a dramatic relief of symptoms. Bladder and urethral pressure studies before and after treatment with this agent suggest that the inappropriate rise in urethral resistance in these patients is a result of an appropriate but extraordinary response to bladder filling. PMID- 1246114 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in men having cystectomy for bladder cancer. AB - Charcteristics of urethral transitional cell carcinoma in patients who have undergone cystectomy for bladder cancer have been reviewed. The retained urethra was the site of urothelial malignancy in 7 per cent of 348 patients who underwent cystectomy alone. Urethras removed during prophylactic cystourethrectomy in 110 patients showed unsuspected carcinoma in situ and marked atypic in 12.5 per cent. Patients with urethral cancer were at greater risk for meatal and upper tract tumors, a reflection of multicentric tumor neogenesis, and at greater risk for perineal tumors and inguinal metastases, a reflection of direct invasion. Cytology is advocated for examining the retained urethra. However, urethrectomy to include a fossa navicularis and glandular meatus at the time of cystectomy seems justified as a definitive means of guarding against the often asymptomatic and potentially lethal urethral occurrences of transitional cell carcinoma. Furthermore, incontinuity removal of the bladder and urethra more nearly satisfies the requirements for cancer surgery by avoiding transection of a tumor containing viscus. PMID- 1246115 TI - Urethral meatal carcinoma following cystourethrectomy for bladder carcinoma. AB - The multicentric potential of urothelial malignancy is well recognized, and the occurrence of urethral neoplasm after cystectomy is attributed to this characteristic of urothelial tumors. Eight instances of tumors in the glandular urethral remnant after subtotal urethrectomy illustrate the necessity of excising the fossa navicularis and urethral meatus when performing urethrectomy. PMID- 1246116 TI - Radical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: how effective in removal of all retroperitoneal nodes? AB - Several large series have supported the success of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy as a primary therapeutic modality in the management of non seminomatous germ cell testicular neoplasms. In 1963 Tavel and associates reported on the inadequacy of this procedure in the complete extirpation of all the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Our investigation was undertaken to test their conclusions, the sole difference in technique being that the infrarenal lumbar vessels were ligated and divided during the lymph node dissection. Results in 12 cadavers revealed that all retroperitoneal nodal tissue could be excised with the modified technique. These findings were further verified by the absence of any residual retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 3 patients who died of metastatic embryonal cell carcinoma. The extirpative efficacy of this procedure having been established, any major deleterious effects of lumbar ligation, primarily spinal cord ischemia, must be considered. Based on our experience and that of others it may be concluded that this complication represents a minimal risk that should not discourage use of this effective therapeutic procedure. PMID- 1246117 TI - Clomiphene citrate in the management of male infertility. AB - There were 35 hypofertile men who underwent assay of serum follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, and testosterone, and were placed in a trial program using clomiphene citrate in a 25-day cycle, with 5-day rest periods. Therapy has been maintained for up to 9 months with a projected termination of 12 months. No relationship could be established between serum follicle stimulating hormone and spermatozoal number in this population. The spermatozoal count improved in 31 men while they were on therapy and 8 pregnancies have occurred. Clomiphene citrate seems to be effective in improving the quanttity of spermatozoa and the spermatozoal motility in these hypofertile men. PMID- 1246118 TI - Sperm antibodies after vasectomy with fulguration. AB - Whether antisperm antibodies develop after vasectomy probably depends on several variables, 1 of which may be the surgical technique. The levels of serum antisperm antibodies were compared in men vasectomized by 1 techniques: vasoligation and fulguration. No difference in the incidence of spermagglutinating antibody was found in the 2 groups. However, immobilizing antibodies were observed in 43 per cent of the men undergoing vasoligation but in only 29 per cent of the men vasectomized by fulguration. PMID- 1246119 TI - Prostatic carcinoma: incidence and location of unsuspected lymphatic metastases. AB - Prospective pathologic staging by pelvic lymphadenectomy in 60 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate disclosed a high incidence (35 per cent) of clinically silent and unsuspected lymph node metastases. When present, metastatic disease was frequently bilateral (57 per cent) and most commonly involved the obturator-hypogastric lymph nodes (87 per cent). Micrometastases alone were found in 5 patients and the potential significance of this finding on survival is discussed. Although the presence or absence of metastases could not be accurately predicted by histologic analysis of biopsy or prostatectomy specimens, the finding of undifferentiated tumor, marked anaplasia and penetration through the capsule correlated positively with nodal metastases. Pelvic lymphadenectomy is a safe and important diagnostic tool in the accurate staging of these patients. Its widespread use is advocated in patients with clinical stage B1, B2 and C tumors prior to definitive therapy. Based on the prospective data generated in this study lymphatic metastasis appears to be an early event in the spread of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1246120 TI - Changes in alveolar capillary configuration at different levels of lung inflation in the rat. An ultrastructural and morphometric study. AB - Changes in alveolar capillary configuration during positive pressure lung inflation were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as by morphometric methods. As the airway pressure was raised, an increasing number of alveoli expanded. However, in fully inflated or overinflated lungs, a few collapsed areas persisted. In such areas, the air-blood tissue barrier was folded into the capillary space, dividing it into intercommunicating chambers. In expanded alveoli, the capillaries appeared as a continuous space delimited at each side by a tissue leaflet. This space was crossed by tissue bridges consisting of the thick portion of air-blood barrier. In overinflated lungs, the capillary space was compressed between the alveoli and thus collapsed. Our findings suggest that the thin porne. The variations of the capillary configuration seem to be determined either by "passive" deformations or by compression of the alveolocapillary membrane, or as a result of contraction of interstitial cells which are located in the thick portion of the air-blood barrier and are attached to the basement membranes of two adjacent alveoli. The relationship between alveolar dynamics and capillary configuration is considered to be a basic factor in ventilation/perfusion auto-regulation. PMID- 1246121 TI - The scanning electron microscopy of elastase-induced emphysema. A comparison with emphysema in man. AB - Emphysema was produced in hamsters by a single intratracheal injection of 25 units of porcine pancreatic elastase. The lungs were examined by scanning electron microscopy at intervals from 24 hours to 1 year after the injection, and the appearance was compared to examples of human emphysema. Within 24 hours of injection, the alveolar ducts were dilated and air spaces were of more variable size than normal. Fibrin strands, erythrocytes and phagocytic cells were present in air spaces. By a week the hemorrhage and exudate had resolved, but adnormal air spaces continued to enlarge over the period of study. The abnormal airspaces formed by progressive dilation of alveolar ducts with shortening and occasionally effacement of interalveolar septa. Interalveolar pores were occasionally enlarged but only focally increased in number. The appearance of single examples of human congenital lobar emphysema and panlobular emphysema resembled the animal model. Abnormal air spaces were formed by dilated alveolar ducts with retraction of interalveolar septa. In contrast, in some cases of centrolobular emphysema marked fenestration of alveolar septa occurred and large air spaces were often traversed by threadlike strands of tissue remnants of some preexisting alveolar walls. The results suggest that there are at least two morphogenetic processes leading to emphysema. One is the coalescence of fenestrations leading to destruction of alveolar walls, and the other is a gradual remodeling of lung structure by mechanisms still to be defined. PMID- 1246122 TI - Autologous immune complex nephropathy. I. Sequential study of immune complex deposition, ultrastructural changes, proteinuria, and alterations in glomerular sialoprotein. AB - Experimental evidence suggests that barriers to glomerular filtration of macromolecules exist at the glomerular basement membrane itself and at the level of the epithelial cell and epithelial slit pores. The distribution of negatively charged glomerular sialoprotein (GSP) at the latter site and the reduction in histochemical staining for GSP reported in several clinical and experimental glomerular diseases suggest a role for this material in the regulation of glomerular permeability. Alternatively, reductions in GSP associated with proteinuria may reflect only epithelial cell swelling consequent to the proteinuria. The sequence of subepithelial immune complex deposition, epithelial cell swelling and foot process fusion, alterations in histochemical staining for GSP, and development of proteinuria was studied in 12 Lewis rats biopsied weekly during development of autologous immune complex (Heymann) nephropathy. Deposition of IgG was detectable 3 weeks after antigen injection by immunofluorescence. Electron-dense deposits were first seen by electron microscopy coincident with the appearance of complement at week 4. Proteinuria began at 6 to 8 weeks, 3 to 5 weeks after detectable immune complex deposition. Proteinuric animals had marked subepithelial immune complex deposition and extensive epithelial cell swelling and foot process fusion. Despite these changes, there was no detectable reduction in staining for GSP until week 14, 6 to 8 weeks after onset of proteinuria. Reductions in GSP apparently do not play a role in altering glomerular permeability early in autologous immune complex (Heymann) nephropathy, and proteinuria and epithelial cell swelling can be present in this model without detectable changes in GSP. These findings suggest that early alterations in GSP reported in some other proteinuric disorders may be of pathogenetic significance rather than simply a reflection of changes in epithelial cell morphology secondary to proteinuria. In this experimental model of membranous nephropathy, immunofluorescence was more sensitive than electron microscopy in the early detection of immune deposits. PMID- 1246123 TI - Peroxidase activity of alveolar macrophages. AB - Peroxidase activity was studied in alveolar macrophages and compared to the peroxidase activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes using cytochemical techniques. A dense reaction product for peroxidase was observed in the primary lysosomes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but no significant peroxidase or peroxidative enzymes could be detected in rabbit alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, following vigorous phagocytosis of zymosan particles by alveolar macrophages in vitro, no peroxidase could be detected in association with the phagocytic vacuole. Exogenous horseradish peroxidase was ingested readily by alveolar macrophages so that abundant reaction product was demonstrated in pinocytotic vesicles and phagocytic vacuoles. The uptake of exogenous peroxidase by pinocytosis appeared to be more vigorous in alveolar macrophages than in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These studies demonstrate that alveolar macrophages do not contain significant quantities of peroxidase and suggest that, it contrast to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, peroxidative metabolism does not contribute in a major way to microbial killing by alveolar macrophages. PMID- 1246124 TI - Alterations of the glomerular epithelium in acute aminonucleoside nephrosis. Evidence for formation of occluding junctions and epithelial cell detachment. AB - The visceral glomerular epithelium of rats made nephrotic by daily injections of puromycin aminonucleoside was examined from the time of onset of proteinuria (day 6) to the time when many animals die (day 15) in order to establish the chronology of the pathologic alterations which occur during the course of the disease. In addition, the structure of the residual epithelial slits was examined using special fixatives and freeze-fracture. Changes seen early in the disease (7 to 9 days) are: (1) a reduction in the number of foot processes and filtration slits; (2) occurrence of occluding junctions in many of the residual slits coupled with displacement of the slit diaphragms; (3) thinning of the dense central portion of the basement membrane (lamina densa) with a corresponding widening of the space (lamina rara externa) between it and the epithelium; (4) heightened epithelial pinocytosis with increased numbers of protein absorption droplets or lysosomes. In freeze-fracture preparations the occluding junctions were seen to be limited in extent and made up of only a few strands, indicating they are incomplete and represent occluding maculae or fasciae rather than zonulae. Later on in the disease (10 to 15 days) no further changes in the number or arrangement of slits is evident, but other alterations occur: (1) denuded regions of basement membrane are seen where there is initially partial and eventually complete detachment of the epithelium from the basement membrane; (2) increasing numbers of large vacuoles or phagosomes and decreasing numbers of fully condensed lysosomes are present; and (3) basement membrane-like material is seen in the spaces between the partially detached epithelium and basement membrane. The new findings in this study are: (1) the clarification of early (reversible) versus late (probably irreversible) changes in the glomerular epithelium in a acute aminonucleoside nephrosis; (2) delineation of the structure of the residual epithelial slits; (3) the description of progressive loosening of the attachment between the epithelium and the basement membrane leading to focal or complete epithelial cell detachment; (4) the presentation of evidence indicating that exhaustion of the lysosomal system of the glomerular epithelium (in protein absorption and concentration) occurs late in the disease. The available evidence is summarized and indicates that the glomerular basement membrane, the main glomerular filter, is defective in aminonucleoside nephrosis and allows increased protein leakage. However, it seems likely that the main site of action of aminonucleoside is on the epithelium leading to the production of defective basement membrane. PMID- 1246126 TI - Combined cardiotoxicity of adriamycin and x-radiation. AB - Our previous studies have shown that x-radiation produces cardiac lesions. Likewise, adriamycin, a useful antineoplastic agent, is known to be cardiotoxic. Maximal "safe" doses have been established for each of these forms of therapy. Since combined therapy with adriamycin and radiation is being used for malignancies involving the mediastinum, it is important to know whether the combination of both agents is more cardiotoxic than either agent alone. In this study young New Zealand White rabbits were divided into five groups and given: (1) a single dose of x-radiation of 1600 rads in the cardiac area; (2) 167 mg. per sq. m. of adriamycin; (3) both raddiation and adriamycin at the same doses; (4) 255 mg. per sq. m. of adriamycin; (5) no treatment. Animals in the third (combined) group developed radiation and adriamycin lesions, the frequency and severity of which were greater than those in the single therapy groups at the same (low) doses. These observations suggest a synergistic effect of the two agents. If so, patients receiving combined treatment are at risk of developing severe carditis from doses of adriamycin and cardiac x-radiation today regarded as safe. Although neither one is specific, the light and electron microscopic lesions caused by x-radiation (myocardial capillary damage, pericarditis) were easily distinguished from those caused by adriamycin (myocyte damage). Both agents led to diffuse myocardial fibrosis. These morphologic characteristics may have clinical applications. PMID- 1246125 TI - Effect of hashish compounds on mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Light microscopy reveals an induction of extensive vacuolation in the macrophage after exposure to either delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabidiol. Numerous small vacuoles appear in the cell periphery as early as 15 minutes after exposure (at 37degrees C.) to either of the compounds in 20 per cent newborn calf serum Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium. The small lucent vacuoles coaleasce and yield enormous vacuoles which dominate the the cytoplasm. At approximately 3 hours, many of the vacuoles seem to burst with a concomitant expulsion of cell interior. The effect of hashish compounds on macrophages is essentially irreversible; exposure for 15 minutes to 10(-5) m of delta 1-THC or cannabidiol and a thorough wash in 20 per cent serum-medium, suffices to trigger the sequence of vacuolation and total cell death in the culture. Two major processes involving early reorganization of cellular membranes have been observed using electron microscopy. One relates to the formation of numerous autophagic vacuoles full of organelles, the other relates to the appearance of cytoplasmic inclusions representing extensive destruction of intracellular constituents. Both types of cytoplasmic change have been observed in alveolar macrophages of hashish smokers. Thus, the conditions in the in vitro studies are similar to conditions in people exposed to hashish smoke. PMID- 1246127 TI - An optical and ultrastructural study of the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal and cancerous human rectocolonic mucosa. AB - An immunoenzymologic method using peroxidase-labeled antibodies has been applied for the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on frozen sections, on Araldite-embedded sections, and on isolated cell preparations of normal rectocolonic mucosa and of rectal and colonic cancers (adenocarcinomas and one villous tumor). CEA appears as a component intimately associated with the external coating of the striated border of the normal columnar cell and with the external coating of the apical pole of the cancerous cell. CEA is also found as an intracellular component of the normal epithelial cell of the rectocolonic mucosa, mainly the goblet cell. In tumors, it appears as an intracellular component of the mucussecreting cell. Its presence in the cell coat and interior of the cell correlates with the degree of differentiation of the cells, whether cancerous or not. Progressive accumulation of CEA in the normal colonic epithelial cell has been observed in cells undergoing maturation. Its release by the mature goblet cell has also been observed. These results confirm that CEA is a normal glycoprotein constituent of the epithelial cell of the human adult rectocolonic mucosa, synthesized and discharged by this cell. The difference in CEA content, already reported, between the cancerous and the normal rectocolonic mucosa appears quantitative and not qualitative. PMID- 1246128 TI - The gradient in regional myocardial tissue pressure in the left ventricle during diastole: its relationship to regional flow distribution. PMID- 1246129 TI - Absence of a cardiodynamic action of glucocorticoids in acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 1246130 TI - Metabolic responses to localized ischemia in adipose tissue. PMID- 1246131 TI - The prevention of ulcers in the pylorus-ligated rat by intravenous pluronic F-68. PMID- 1246132 TI - Threshold burning effects on distant microcirculation. IV: Development of an in vitro method for demonstrating vaso-activity in postburn plasma. PMID- 1246134 TI - From the Tennessee Department of Public Health. Health legislation--1976. PMID- 1246133 TI - University of Tennessee medical grand rounds. Mitral valve prolapse (Barlow's syndrome). PMID- 1246135 TI - Laboratory medicine. Clinical usefulness of serum and urine osmolality. PMID- 1246136 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 1246137 TI - X-ray of the month. PMID- 1246138 TI - Editorial: Diabetes and public health education. PMID- 1246139 TI - Mental health in the nation and in Tennessee. PMID- 1246140 TI - Retained abdominal pregnancies of many years duration. PMID- 1246141 TI - Improving the results of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in small preterm infants. AB - Thirty-two consecutive preterm infants with birth weights under 1,500 grams and with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) complicated by a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) underwent ligation of PDA. The indications for operation were massive left-to-right shunting associated with heart failure (cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema) unresponsive to medical treatment. The clinical manifestations of heart failure were related to the severity of RDS. Infants with mild-to moderate RDS (21) often recovered and later developed typical findings of PDA (bounding pulses, hyperactive precordium, and murmur). They are now operated upon as soon as respiratory support is required. Infants with severe RDS (11) develop cardiomegaly earlier, and retrograde aortography may show massive left-to-right shunting before the presence of a murmur. Ligation is indicated when blood-gas values deteriorate despite medical treatment. Nineteen (59 per cent) of these extremely preterm infants survived to be discharged and 16 (50 per cent) are developing normally. Three have neurologic impariment. None of the survivors has clinical respiratory disease, and their radiologic findings of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are improving. PMID- 1246142 TI - Evaluation of aortic valve replacement with a porcine xenograft without long-term anticoagulation. AB - From June, 1971, through November, 1974, 75 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with a Hancock "Stabilized Glutaraldehyde Process" porcine xenograft. Patients who underwent multiple valve replacements are not included in the study. Thirty-nine per cent of the patients had procedures for associated lesions or for removal of a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. The operative mortality rate was 6.7 per cent. Six patients died in the late postoperative period. Only one death was thought to be secondary to a valve-related problem. Actuarial analysis predicts 84 per cent survival at 3 years. Three patients initially received long-term antithromboembolic therapy. There have been three suspected or documented thromboembolic episodes (0.24 per cent per patient-month). Ten per cent of the patients surviving the operation developed murmurs of aortic insufficiency. There have been no documented valve failures. Ninety-eight per cent of the survivors have experienced an improvement in their New York Heart Association (N.Y.H.A.) classification. PMID- 1246143 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Indications for surgery. AB - In order to establish more objective criteria for surgical intervention, the literature and our clinical experience with operative closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 11 premature infants was reviewed. A wide range of age at the time of operation underscored the spectrum of clinical presentation and the difficulty of interpreting the course of therapy. The presence of a typical continuous murmur established the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in patients with respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the diagnosis and provided quantitation of the left-to-right shunt flow through the ductus arteriosus in 6 patients but did not influence the decision to operate. Progress of the clinical course as determined by the heart size on chest roentgenogram and the presence of hypercarbia (Paco2greater than60 mm. Hg) after respiratory assistance and medical decongestive measures were the two most helpful signs indicating the need for surgical intervention. PMID- 1246144 TI - Functional reductions in left ventricular volume. Minimum chamber size consonant with effective hemodynamic performance. AB - A heart model in dogs was developed to evaluate quantitatively the extent to which left ventricular chamber size could be reduced and yet retain residual mechanical function to perform adequately as a pump. In 9 animals placed on right heart bypass perfusion to control systemic flows; left ventricular performance was estimated from high-fidelity left ventricular pressure and aortic flowmeter recordings and from lateral plane left ventricular angiograms. Studies were made during unrestricted left ventricular filling at varying cardiac outputs and with inflation of a balloon in the left ventricular cavity at a physiological cardiac output. As compared with control data (cardiac output 1.4 L. per minute), balloon inflation to 18.7 ml. caused an increase in total left ventricular end-diastolic volume (from 35.4 to 44.3 ml., p less than 0.001) and left atrial pressure (from 7.8 to 21.2 mm. Hg; p less than 0.001); it also caused a reduction in left ventricular stroke work (from 12.5 to 8.1 Gm.-M., P LESS THAN 0.005) ANd max. dp/dt (from 2,487 to 1,320 mm. Hg per second, p less than 0.05). Importantly, left ventricular stroke volume was unchanged. When compared with preload augmentation (with the balloon deflated), the magnitude of depression of cardiac performance caused by balloon inflation was more fully appreciated (left ventricular stroke work, max. dp/dt, and ejection fraction reduced 69, 61, and 45 per cent, respectively). Even so, with appropriate compensations, principally by the Frank-Starling mechanism, up to 42 per cent of the left ventricular cavity volume could be functionally eliminated with retention of adequate mechanical performance. Such data may have implications regarding the extent of resections possible in patients undergoing surgery for left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 1246145 TI - Cephalothin prophylaxis assay during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Efficient use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery demands their presence in adequate serum concentration at the time of maximal potential contamination. This cover should extend from the moment of incision until at least the time of removal of large tubes and intravenous connulas. Critical cardiac contamination may occur during the bypass procedure while the operation within the cardiac chambers is being done. This is a special danger in valve replacement with prostheses. The antibiotic regimen of the Cardiothoracic Unit was studied in 12 consecutive patients and was generally found to provide adequate antibiotic coverage throughout the surgical procedure, including the bypass procedure. In all patients, a reinforcing cephalothin dose on completion of bypass ensured adequate circulating cephalothin levels for the completion of surgery. Clearance of the cephalothin from the blood of patients was found to decrease markedly during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 1246146 TI - Chronic hemolysis following mitral valve replacement. A comparative study of the Bjork-Shiley, composite-seat Starr-Edwards, and frame-mounted aortic homograft valves. AB - Hemolysis was assessed in 86 patients after mitral valve replacement. Twenty-four patients had mitral valve replacement with a Bjork-Shiley valve, 32 patients with a Starr-Edwards composite-seat valve, and 30 patients with an irradiated frame mounted aortic homograft valve. Hemolysis was determined by red cell survival and autologous 51Cr-tagged red cells, LDH, serum haptoglobin, hemosiderinuria, reticulocyte count, red cell fragment count, and hemoglobin estimation. The degree of hemolysis was classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Thirty-five per cent (nine of 24) of the Bjork-Shiley group showed mild hemolysis, whereas 85 per cent (28 of 32) of the Starr-Edwards group had evidence of hemolysis-of these, a third were mild and the rest moderate. The homograft series did not show any comparable evidence of hemolysis. Statistical analysis of the parameters of the study comparing homograft with Bjork-Shiley valves showed no significant difference except in red cell survival, which showed a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001). Comparing homograft with Starr-Edwards valves, all parameters showed highly significant differences (p less than 0.001). PMID- 1246147 TI - Results of mitral valve replacement with the Beall prosthesis in 209 patients. AB - In this 3 year study of 209 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement with the newer Beall prostheses (Models 104 and 105) the operative mortality rate was 5.2 per cent. None of these deaths was related to the valve. This prosthesis features a larger frustrum area and a "turtle-neck" sewing ring which permits its rapid insertion with a continuous suture technique. Of the 20 (9.5 per cent) late deaths, two were due to thrombosis of the valve. Among the 178 survivors, 17 developed thromboembolic complications; however, 10 of these patients recovered. Late clinical results have been quite satisfactory in over 90 per cent of the survivors. In the 15 patients who underwent hemodynamic studies postoperatively, the cardiac index and pulmonary artery pressure showed significant improvement; however, they still had transvalvular gradients at rest. The improvement in the design of this prosthesis has been an important factor in lowering the operative risk and improving the late results of mitral valve replacement. PMID- 1246148 TI - Isolated replacement of the mitral valve with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - Isolated mitral valve replacement with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis has been performed on 657 patients at the Mayo Clinic during the 11 year period ending January, 1972. The most recent subset of that series comprised patients who received the Model 6120 prosthesis. In this group, the operative mortality rate was 9 per cent and the actuarial late death rate at 5 years was 20 per cent. This survival rate is a significant improvement over the natural history of severe mitral valve disease. Factors associated with operative deaths are large left artrial size, advanced functional class, and previous heart surgery. Variables associated with higher incidence of late deaths are large left atrial size, patient age at operation, and multivalve disease. Risk of thromboembolism is increased with large left atrial size, presence of left atrial thrombus, and inadequate anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 1246149 TI - Aortico-left ventricular tunnel. Clinical profile, diagnostic features, and surgical consideration. AB - Case histories of 2 patients with aortico-left ventricular tunnel are reported. A review of the literature on this subject shows a unique clinical profile. The electrocardiographic (ECG) and roentgenographic features as well as the hemodynamic and angiographic data of 18 previously reported patients are reviewed. The anatomy and pathophysiology of the defect are discussed and surgical management is described. It is recommended that surgical correction be carried out as soon as the diagnosis is established. PMID- 1246150 TI - The non-hermetically sealed pacemaker myth, or, Navy-Ribicoff 22,000-FDA Weinberger o. AB - Although the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare recently stated that hermetic sealing of all implanted cardiac pacemakers, as recommended by the Navy in 1969, is inadvisable, several small manufacturers are already marketing hermetically sealed devices (CPI, Pacesetter), all of the over 600 nuclear pacers implanted to date have been hermetically sealed, and belatedly the major manufacturers are developing hermetically sealed units. Total hermetic sealing of all implantable electronic devices has been technically feasible for years, and it is essential that device legislation include mandatory encapsulation standards. PMID- 1246151 TI - Cannulation of the ascending aorta for cardiopulmonary bypass. Experience with 9,000 cases. AB - The Cleveland Clinic team has now accumulated experience with cannulation of the ascending aorta for arterial return in more than 9,000 patients. Since adoption of this technique, only one lethal dissection has occurred and other related complications have been minimal. Technique, surgical pitfalls, contraindications, and complications of ascending aortic cannulation are discussed in this communication. PMID- 1246152 TI - Cocking of a poppet-disc prosthesis in the aortic position. A cause of intermittent aortic regurgitation. AB - Intermittent aortic regurgitation due to cocking is described for the first time after replacement of the aortic valve with a poppet-disc prosthesis. A combination of disc grooving and strut thrombus produced the cocking with resultant aortic regurgitation. PMID- 1246153 TI - The prognostic value of measuring the gross linear radial growth of pulmonary metastases and primary pulmonary cancers. AB - The gross rates of growth of pulmonary cancers and pulmonary metastases may be reduced to clinically useful nomograms and graphs. The constructs are feasible because most neoplasms growing in the lung are observed only during a limited segment of their life history, often being observed too few times to permit the identification of the growth curve of best fit. Consequently, the parameter that can be calculated most quickly, namely linear growth rate in mm./day, may be most useful. The linear radial growth rates are plotted against observed survival. The nomograms permit easy approximation of the volume doubling time and the exponential radial growth rate in mm./mm./day. The mean of the log normal frequency distributions of doubling times for common primary and metastatic cancers found growing in the lung is plotted on one nomogram to put the information in perspective. The more widespread reporting and tabulation of such data should lead to a highly useful kinetic staging and treatment evaluation system. PMID- 1246154 TI - Changes in extravascular lung water during venovenous perfusion. AB - The accumulation of extravascular lung water was related to changes in plasma colloid osmotic pressure and pulmonary hydrostatic pressures in 12 normal dogs and 13 dogs that had venovenous perfusion for 2 hours at 45 to 70 ml. per kilogram per minute. The venovenous perfusion system included a membrane oxygenator and a roller pump. Net intravascular filtration pressure was calculated from plasma colloid osmotic pressure and pulmonary hydrostic pressures. Rapid accumulation of extravascular lung water occurred in control and bypass animals when net intravascular filtration pressure exceeded zero. At lower filtration pressures, venovenous perfusion did not affect accumulation of extravascular lung water. PMID- 1246155 TI - Collis-Belsey reconstruction of the esophagogastric junction. Indications, physiology, and technical considerations. AB - Twenty-four patients underwent combined Collis-Belsey reconstruction of the esophagogastric junction. The primary indication for operation in 19 patients was gastroesophageal reflux. Three patients had achalasia, one diffuse spasm, and one an incarcerated combined sliding and paraesophageal hernia. Postoperatively, symptoms were relieved in all 19 patiients undergoing repair for gastroesophgeal reflux with or without peptic strictures of the esophagus, and barium swallows showed no gastroesophageal reflux. Preoperative average mean and peak pressures in the distal esophageal high pressure zone (HPZ) were 1.38 and 2.72 mm. Hg, respectively; two thirds had no measurable HPZ. Postoperative mean and peak pressures were 6 and 12.36 mm. Hg, respectively; average HPZ length was 2.81 cm. Of 19 patients with massive reflux preoperatively, postoperative acid reflux testing demonstrated no reflux in 14 and minimal to moderate reflux in five. Collis-Belsey reconstruction ot the esophagogastric junction effectively relieves symptoms and controls the complications of gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 1246156 TI - Letter: Acute raumatic hematoma of aorta. PMID- 1246157 TI - Letter: Lung water accumulation. PMID- 1246159 TI - Generalized sharp and slow wave and electrodecremental seizure pattern in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Although subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) often presents with a characteristic EEG pattern, a 13-year-old boy with a confirmed diagnosis of SSPE had several EEG features that are unusual for this condition, namely, generalized sharp and slow wave (slow spike and wave) discharges during the waking record, an electrodecremental pattern associated with clinical seizures, and activation of the typical periodic complexes of SSPE only during sleep. PMID- 1246158 TI - Neonatal pneumopericardium. AB - Three cases of neonatal pneumopericardium are presented. Detailed ventilatory measurements and chest roentgenographic changes are described for each of the three patients. The literature of neonatal pneumopericardium is reviewed, and based on that review and our own cases, we offer guidelines for managing these patients. PMID- 1246160 TI - Further study on the two-column plasma catecholamine assay. AB - The two-column procedure for plasma catecholamine determination was adopted as a routine diagnostic test. It was found that the recovery of catecholamine added to properly preserved plasma was 65%. The most efficient recovery occurred when the water content of alumina used was above 23%. Both interassay and intra-assay precision were +/- 10% (coefficient of variation). The catecholamine was stable, in properly preserved plasma, for at least 18 days at -20 degrees C. PMID- 1246161 TI - Clinically suspect pulmonary embolism after vein stripping. AB - Clinically suspect but nonfatal pulmonary embolism followed vein surgery in 16 of 4,080 patients operated on over a 10-year period from 1962 to 1971, an incidence of 0.39%. The presence of superficial thrombophlebitis, previous or recent thromboembolic disease, or chronic deep venous insufficiency was a statistically significant factor in patients who had embolism. Prophylactic postoperative anticoagulant treatment in those with a thrombotic background appears justified. PMID- 1246162 TI - Detecting intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt with contrast echocardiography. Observations in a patient with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. AB - Contrast echocardiography has been useful in detecting intracardiac right-to-left shunts. In a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, we have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting intrapulmonary right-to left shunting using this technique. After venous injection of indocyanine green dye, the characteristic contrast flow pattern consisted of a markedly delayed appearance of echoes in the left ventricle. PMID- 1246163 TI - Spastic eversion of the upper eyelids. AB - A 2-year-old black Nigerian infant presented with eversion of the upper eyelids which followed an episode of presumed measles conjunctivitis. Eversion recurred despite patching and taping, but was terminated by facial akinesia and placement of lid sutures. Orbicularis spasm undoubtedly plays a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder, acting together with other etiologic factors. PMID- 1246164 TI - Nutrition note. Alcohol and calories. PMID- 1246165 TI - 55 degrees oblique hilar tomography. AB - Fifty-five-degree oblique hilar tomography is an accurate and simple means of evaluating hilar anatomy and pathology. It is of most value in proving the hilum to be normal in cases in which plain chest roentgenograms suggest a hilar lesion. It is accurate in differentiating hilar adenopathy from hilar masses and in both of these it is helpful in determining the extent and bilaterality of the disease process. Unfortunately, granulomatous infiltrates within the hilum cannot be differentiated from tumor. The procedure is of limited value in the presence of diffuse perihilar pulmonary fibrosis, and at this time caution must be advised in the interpretation of small, unilateral, ill-defined hilar densities as tumors. PMID- 1246166 TI - Parasystole and its variants. AB - Various mechanisms that cause deviations from the classical manifestations of a parasystolic rhythm are reviewed and illustrated by selected clinical electrocardiograms. They consist of: (1) Transient or continued fixed coupling of the ectopic beats, due to (a) synchronization of basic and parasystolic rhythms; (b) reversed coupling of the basic to the ectopic rhythm (unidirectional protection); (c) the operation of supernormal phase of excitability; and (d) intermittent parasystole, due to gap in the protection of the parasystolic center. (2) Irregularities in response to a regular parasystolic discharge may be caused by a second degree exit block, usually of Mobitz type II, rarely of type I. An electrophysiologic basis for the emergence and maintenance of parasystolic rhythms appears to be abnormal states of spontaneous diastolic (phase 4) depolarization in otherwise latent subsidiary cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 1246168 TI - "We need more than the Pap test". PMID- 1246167 TI - Concealed conduction. PMID- 1246169 TI - Just what can you tell your patients about marihuana? PMID- 1246170 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 1246171 TI - A new look at ENG in vestibular evaluations. PMID- 1246172 TI - Malpractice decisions you should know about. PMID- 1246173 TI - Is atherosclerosis a pediatric problem? PMID- 1246174 TI - Treatment of trauma. The fractured pelvis. PMID- 1246175 TI - How patients get better through psychiatry. PMID- 1246176 TI - How we handle meningitis. PMID- 1246177 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 1246178 TI - Alcohol and the addictive personality. PMID- 1246179 TI - Malpractice decisions you should know about. PMID- 1246180 TI - Medical places of interest in our bicentennial year. New Jersey. PMID- 1246182 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246181 TI - Cancer chemotherapy: What drugs are available. PMID- 1246183 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246184 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246185 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246186 TI - Hematology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246187 TI - Pathology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246188 TI - Pathology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246189 TI - Radiology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246190 TI - Radiology mediquiz. What's your diagnosis? PMID- 1246191 TI - How they handle renal injuries at case western reserve. PMID- 1246192 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. PMID- 1246193 TI - The case for cocaine. PMID- 1246194 TI - Muscles weakness? It may be polymyositis. PMID- 1246195 TI - Hepatitis. PMID- 1246196 TI - [Primary melanomatosis]. PMID- 1246197 TI - [Results of a study on 17 cases of long-term exposition to vinylchloride]. PMID- 1246198 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy studies on the shape changes of human thrombocytes]. PMID- 1246199 TI - [Double-blind studies on parenteral and local premedication in proximal intestinoscopy]. PMID- 1246200 TI - [Recurring pulmonary embolism as the first symptom of breast neoplasm]. PMID- 1246201 TI - [Acute fulminating ulcerative colitis with toxic megacolon]. PMID- 1246202 TI - [1st Symposium on Nitrates in Stockholm. V]. PMID- 1246203 TI - Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: analysis of six cases and review of the literature. AB - Interstitial pneumonitis may be the presenting manifestation of polymyositis dermatomyositis, or may occur later in the evolution of the disease. The clinical picture is characterized by non-productive cough, dyspnea and hypoxemia. The chest radiograph demonstrates interstitial infiltrates with predilection for the lung bases, often with an alveolar pattern in addition. The histopathologic features are those of organizing and interstitial pneumonitis and pleuritis, with variable fibrosis. In the present series, the patients with mixed alveolar and interstitial infiltrates on chest radiograph and organizing pneumonia and bronchiolitis obliterans in addition to interstitial pneumonitis. In one patient evolution from pulmonary inflammation to interstitial fibrosis was demonstrated. The etiology of primary lung disease in PM-DM is not known, but cell-mediated autoimmunity to an unidentified component of lung tissue is suggested. Including the present series, 50 percent of patients have responded favorably to corticosteroids with decreased dyspnea, clearing of the chest radiograph and improved pulmonary function tests. PMID- 1246204 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase and isoenzyme changes in rats with experimental thiamine deficiency. AB - Heat and liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isoenzyme distributions were studied in rats with experimental thiamine deficiency. No change in total heart LDH activity was observed on days 24 and 40 of a thiamine deficient diet. At the time of symptoms (average 53 days on diet), total heart muscle LDH was slightly decreased in thiamine deficient rats (248 +/- 12 U/g tissue, Mn +/- SE) compared to ad lib fed controls (293 +/- 12, p less than 0.05), but did not differ from pair fed controls (273 +/- 15). Heart muscle LDH isoenzyme distribution showed a relative increase in the H4 band and a decrease in the H2M2 and HM3 bands in thiamine deficiency on day 24. This pattern became more promient by day 40. Calculated total M-LDH activity of heart muscle in thiamine deficient rats was significantly decreased at day 40 (44 +/- 3) compared to pair fed controls (57 +/ 5, p less than 0.05) and ad lib fed controls (85 +/- 7 p less than 0.001). Further changes were not observed in the symptomatic stage. Total H-LDH in heart muscle did not change during the period of study, while total liver LDH activity was reduced in thiamine deficient rats at the symptomatic stage (137 +/- 15) compared with pair fed controls (193 +/- 12, p less than 0.05) and ad lib fed controls (407 +/- 50, p less than 0.01). Liver isoenzyme electrophoresis showed an almost 100% distribution to the M4 band. The present investigation demonstrates a decrease in cardiac muscle M-LDH in experimental thiamine deficiency. Differences in LDH isoenzyme distribution in chronic hypoxia and thiamine deficiency are discussed. PMID- 1246205 TI - Correspondence: The influence of growth hormone on cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 1246206 TI - Effect of contraceptive steroids on arginine- stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion in women. II. Carbohydrate and lipid physiology in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - The effect of contraceptive steroids on aminogenic glucagon secretion was studied in six insulin-dependent diabetic women. After 2 wk treatment with combined mestranol (80 mug) plus norethindrone (1 mg) daily, the mean peak plasma glucagon response to arginine infusion was suppressed to one-fourth of control levels. This was associated with a small but significant decrease in mean basal plasma cholesterol concentrations. There were no changes in basal plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, glucose, insulin, or alpha-amino nitrogen concentrations or in daily insulin requirements during mestranol plus norethindrone treatment. These results confirm previous reports of no consistent changes in the insulin requirements of insulin-dependent diabetic women using contraceptive steroids and suggest that these women may not experience dramatic changes in their lipid metabolism during contraceptive therapy. PMID- 1246207 TI - Stimulation of insulin secretion in man by oral glycerol administration. AB - The effects of an orally administered glycerol load (1 g/Kg body weight) on blood glucose, plasma FFA, and plasma insulin levels have been determined in eight normal fasting or glucose loaded (1 g/Kg body weight) volunteers. Blood glucose levels were not affected by glycerol loading while glicemia followed the same pattern of a glucose tolerance test in the group treated with glucose plus glycerol. Plasma FFA were significantly lowered only 90 min after glycerol loading while they had markedly and persistently decreased by glycerol plus glucose per os. Finally, though glicemia did not change, insulinemia was markedly increased by glycereol, 90 min after loading; moreover, plasma IRI was significantly higher in the group treated with glycerol plus glucose than in the group treated with glucose alone. These data suggest that the release of insulin may be stimulated by a very small increment of blood glucose, which derives from glycerol. PMID- 1246208 TI - Dietary protein, fat, and minerals in nephrocalcinosis in female rats. AB - Young female rats fed semipurified diets containing casein or a soy protein isolate had extensive nephrocalcinosis at the junction between the outer and inner stripe of the outer medullary zone after 5 wk on the diets, whereas rats fed a diet containing a lactalbumin concentrate did not. Although the percentages of actual protein and of total ash were similar in all three diets, the concentrations of individual minerals were not, owing to methods used in isolating the proteins. Comparison of the individual mineral contents of these diets with those in other laboratories as compiled from the literature suggested that factors other than minerals, including protein, are also implicated. Dietary fat appeared to be another such factor in a series of experiments in which saturated medium-chain triglycerides and corn oil were included in diets containing soy protein isolate. Although these diets had identical mineral compositions, the rats fed medium-chain triglycerides had less severe lesions. PMID- 1246209 TI - Starvation-induced alterations of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in man. AB - Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and TSH were examined in seven men and seven women of normal weight during a 60-hr fast. Similar studies were conducted in two women who received daily for 1 mo before and during a similar fast, 0.4 mg and 0.5 mg of 1-thyroxine. The serum concentrations of T3 decreased in each of the untreated normal subjects (sign test of significance, P less than 0.001). The mean control concentration of T3 in women was 152 +/- 9 ng/100 ml (X +/- SEM); after 24 hr of fasting, 131 +/- 31 ng/100 ml; and at the termination of the fast, 90 +/- 15 ng/100 ml. The latter value differed from the control value with a p value of less than 0.01. Similar changes of T3 concentration occurred in men (mean basal T = 160 +/- 11 ng/100 ml; mean at termination of fast = 87 +/- 16 ng/100 ml). The range of decrease for T3 in all subjects varied from 24% to 55%. The mean T4 concentration at the beginning of the fast was 6.9 +/- 0.9, and at the termination of the fast, 7.5 +/ 0.6 (p = NS). TSH concentrations remained unchanged (Control, 3.8 +/- 0.45 muU/ml; at 60 hr, 4.0 +/- 0.26 muU/ml, p = NS). Studies in two women who received, before and during a fast, T4, indicate that a decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is the most likely mechanism responsible for this change. PMID- 1246210 TI - Changes in body chemical composition with age measured by total-body neutron activation. AB - Total-body levels of calcium and phosphorus (reflecting skeletal mass) and total body levels of potassium (reflecting muscle mass) were measured by neutron activation analysis in 39 men and 40 women ages 30-90 yr. In order to intercompare the total body calcium (TBCa) values in a heterogeneous population, such as this, it was necessary to normalize the data for skeletal size. The normalization consisted of dividing the absolute calcium level by the predicted calcium level for each individual matched to a set of critical parameters. The parameter used in the computation of normal values were age, sex, muscle mass, i.e., total body potassium (TBK) and height. For the calcium data of the women, it was necessary to add an age correction factor after the age of 55 yr. The calcium ratio(mean ratio of the predicted to measured TBCa) in men was 1.000 +/- 7.8% and in women 0.996 +/- 7.1%. The TBCa of normal males and females can thus be predicted to +/- 13% (at the 90% confidence level). An exception to this was found in males (70-90 yr) who exhibited a mean calcium ratio greater than 1.13. The derivative of TBCa with time was determined for this population of men and women by taking into account the dependency of calcium on three time dependent variables, height, TBK, and an explicit age correction factor in the case of the women. The mean rate of loss of TBCa in women was 0.37% and 1.1% per year before and after menopause (50 yr). In the males, the average rate of loss of TBCa was 0.7% per year after 50 yr of age. The pattern of total body phosphorus (TBP) loss with age paralleled that of TBCa as the ratio of TBP/TBCa was rather constant with age. The constancy of the ratio suggests that the mineral composition of bone does not change significantly with age. The rate of loss of TBK with age was also related directly to that of TBCa. The mean ratio of TBK/TBCa was 9.9 in females and 8.0 in males and this ratio remained relatively constant from 30-70 yr. Thus, the mechanism responsible for the loss of bone with age, whether nutritional deficiency or decreased gonadal function and physical activity may also be responsible for the loss of muscle mass with age. PMID- 1246211 TI - Effect of intravenous glucose and insulin on plasma tryptophan and tyrosine concentrations in normal subjects and patients with carcinoid tumors. AB - We evaluated the effect of intravenous (i.v.) glucose on the plasma tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR) concentration of 12 normal subjects, six patients with carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome (carcinoid syndrome), and five patients with carcinoid tumors without the carcinoid syndrome (tumor.) Following i.v. glucose administration, the plasma Trp concentration of the normal subjects and the tumor patients incresed, while the plasma Trp concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients decreased. Following i.v. glucose administration, the plasma Tyr concentration of the normal subjects and the tumor patients decreased, while the plasma Tyr concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients did not change. The response to i.v. insulin differed in some respects from the response to i.v. glucose: the plasma Trp of normal subjects did not change while the plasma Trp of carcinoid syndrome patients decreased; the plasma Tyr of the normal subjects increased while the plasma Tyr concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients did not change. The carcinoid syndrome patients had high serum serotonin concentrations and impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion as compared to both normal subjects and tumor patients. We conclude that under appropriate experimental conditions, glucose administration can increase the plasma Trp concentration of normal human subjects. PMID- 1246212 TI - A word to the wise physician: Health Service Areas are coming! PMID- 1246213 TI - MSMA judicial commission studies, acts on vital questions in '75. PMID- 1246214 TI - [The cervical insufficiency]. PMID- 1246215 TI - [Effects of low doses of lynestrenol on endometrium and nidation (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 women taking 0.5 mg lynestrenol for oral contraception endometrium biopsies were carried out in several consecutive cycles between the 21st and 25th day of each cycle. In addition pregnandiol excretion in the urine was measured in one of the last three treatment cycles always on the 10th and 21st day of cycle. During treatment of a characteristic, monomorphic microscopical endometrium picture was observed with hardly distinct endometrium glands and only slight decidualike transformation of cellular elements of the stroma. From these histological pictures it is concluded that oral application of 0,5 mg lynestrenol produces endometrium changes characterized by insufficient transformation so that nidation of a blastocyte becomes impossible. PMID- 1246216 TI - [The influence of pregnancy on the venous return from the lower extremities (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of intravenous pressure in the lower extremities revealed in 77 pregnant women a marked insufficiency of the venous drainage. In the last third of pregnancy the capacity of the venous drainage is reduced by approximately 30 per cent. Determination two to five days post partum showed a significant improvement but not yet complete normalization. The causes of the insufficiency of the venous drainage are hormonal influences, dilating the vessels, which are still active post partum. The insufficient venous return is a major factor in the genesis of varicosity during pregnancy. The disturbance of venous return by the large uterus will result in an increase of static venous pressure on the average of 10 mm Hg. In the upright position this is a qualitatively as well as quantitatively individually variable phenomenon. There ist no relation between the increase in static venous pressure and the occurrence of varicosity. PMID- 1246217 TI - [Feto-maternal microtranfusion after amniocentesis in the 2nd trimenon (author's transl)]. AB - 120 healthy patients 16 to 34 years of age were studied. All patients were admitted to the clinic for legal abortion and were admitted to the clinic for legal abortion and were between 16 and 20 weeks pregnant. Amniocentesis were performed for intraamniotic application of prostaglandins. The incidence of microtransfusion of fetal red blood cells in these patients were studied. Blood samples were taken before and one hour after amniocentesis. 104 patients (86.7 p.c.) did not show any fetal erythrocytes in the peripheral blood neither before nore after amniocentesis. In ten patients (8.4 p.c.) less than 0.055 ml transfused fetal blood were determined as well before as after the puncture of the amniotic sac without any increasing tendency. In six patients (4.9 p.c.) signs of an induced fetal-maternal-microtransfusion could be proved. All six patients had no fetal cells in the circulation before treatment. Four of these had a microtransfusion of less than 0.05 ml, two patients between 0.05 and 0.10 ml. The localisation of the placenta by ultrasonic technic as an absolutely demand before amniocentesis is strongly recommended, especially in cases of prenatal diagnostic purpose. PMID- 1246218 TI - [Deliveries in foreign women (author's transl)]. AB - The question is to be answered whether the delivery in foreign women has in any case to be valued as riskful birth. The development of deliveries in 1941 foreign women from 1968-1973 is therefore analysed and compared with 9009 deliveries in German women. The share of deliveries in foreign women increased from 3% in 1968 to 32% in 1973. Wifes from Turkey and Jugoslavia are prevailing (68,1% and 19,5%). A significant moving of parity to a higher number of children can be noticed in foreign women. The incidence of operative deliveries in foreign women amounting to 12,5% was 5% lower than in German women. The incidence of sectio amounted to 9.4% in German women and to 7.5% in foreign women. The rate of premature births in foreign women figured up to 9,5% surpassed the rate of premature births in German women by 1%. The comparison of uncleared as well as of cleared perinatal mortality did not show any statistically significant difference. Merely the mortality of sectio-children amounting to 6.9% was significantly higher in foreign women than in German women with 3.7% - owing to the accumulation of vital indications in caesarean sections. Authors come to the conclusion that based on their material examined deliveries in foreign women cannot be juged as riskful births. Particularities in foreign deliveries are specially indicated. PMID- 1246219 TI - [Discussion: Anonymous dying. Comments on F. Baecker: Med. Klin. 70(1975), 775]. PMID- 1246220 TI - [Male midwife? At the same time, a contribution to the establishment of a common professional field in obstetrics and nursing]. PMID- 1246221 TI - Diagnostic surgical exploration for renal masses. PMID- 1246222 TI - Functional dermatochalasia. PMID- 1246223 TI - Resection of rhabdomyosarcoma of the neck. An office procedure. PMID- 1246224 TI - Letter: Inflation and medicine 1954-1974. PMID- 1246225 TI - Diarrhea in a patient with renal failure. PMID- 1246226 TI - School screening for the early detection of spine deformities. Progress and pitfalls. PMID- 1246227 TI - Fracture conference. Cast bracing of femoral fractures. PMID- 1246228 TI - Prolapsing mitral valve syndrome: a frequent and important condition. Case report. PMID- 1246229 TI - Splenic vein thrombosis. Case report. PMID- 1246230 TI - Toeing in and toeing out in children. PMID- 1246231 TI - Lipoma of the diaphragm. Case report. PMID- 1246232 TI - Employee motivation. PMID- 1246233 TI - Get ready! Here comes the trustbusters. PMID- 1246234 TI - Urinary problems. PMID- 1246235 TI - The treatment of salmonellosis in Equidae. AB - Among 23 Equidae in which various treatment or management regimens for salmonellosis were observed and evaluated, 9 horses were infected with Salmonella typhimurium and 8 with S anatum; an aged mule harbored S newport, and 1 isolant was not identified. Four dual sero-type infections occurred: 3 typhimurium/anatum and 1 anatum/newington. The results obtained with various antimicrobials in therapy of peracute, acute, and chronic infections were discouraging or questionable with regard to efficacy against salmonellae per se. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the salmonellae and coliforms from the same fecal sample of the patient were determined. Salmonellae cultured from feces prior to, during, and following treatment with a variety of drugs were often sensitive to the antimicrobial administered during these periods. Drug sensitivity or resistance appeared to have little, if any, bearing on eliminating salmonellae from the feces or organs of infected Equidae. PMID- 1246236 TI - Anestrus in dairy cattle. PMID- 1246237 TI - [Neuraminidase induced hemolytic anemia. Experimental and clinical observations (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, increasing attention has been focussed on the in vivo action of neuraminidase as possible pathogenetical factor of hemolytic anemia and even hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Neuraminidase action in red cell membranes results in the release of neuraminic acid, and thereby the uncovering of previously hidden receptors, socalled cryptantigens. With special reference to the phythemagglutinin Anti-TAh from the peanut (Arachis hypogae) and the agglutinin Anti-AHP from the albumin gland of the small Helix pomatia we describe some new methods for the detection of these cryptantigens. In addition to the screebubg genagglutination test with Anti-TAh we developed an "Anti-T-consumption test" for quantitative detection of neuraminidase action on red cells. With the purified reagents we developed an indirect fluorescnet antibody method on blood smears for the detection of cryptantigens on single cells. By animal experiments we could show that not only the membranes of red cells but the intima of renal capillaries as well are damaged by neuraminidase. With these new methods we observed 14 patients suffering from hemolytic anemia due to bacterial or viral neuraminidase. Some of these patients developed a hemolytic-uremic syndrome. We believe that the positive reaction with Anti-T Ah should lead to prophylactic heparinization to prevent dissiminated intravascular coagulation. Neuraminidase is the first identified toxin which directly acts on the membranes of red cells and the intima of renal capillaries as well, and thereby in some patients may induce hemolytic uremic syndrome. Possibly, these results may stimulate the development of further testsystems for the detection of still unknown toxins which are not tested with our reagents, but may equally be involved in the damage of cell membranes. PMID- 1246238 TI - [Advantages of breast feeding (author's transl)]. AB - The advantages of breast feeding are due to numerous factors i.e. the favourable composition of basic nutritives, the content of nucleotides, polyamines, rare fatty acids and rare oligo- and polysaccharides in human milk, its high content of immunologically active substances like immunoglobulins, fats, glycoproteins, lysozyme and lactoferrin, and the psychologically important opportunity for close sensual contact between mother and infant. Involution of the uterus is greatly accelerated by breast feeding. In case the mother has to take certain drugs her breast feeding can be disadvantageous for the infant. At present, we do not see any reason to recommend discontinuation of breast feeding because of the relatively high DDT content found in human milk, since the concentration observed has shown no toxic effects. Furthermore a decrease of DDT concentration in human milk has been observed recently. PMID- 1246239 TI - [Induction of acrodynia by grain preservative (author's transl)]. AB - A five year old boy suffered from acrodynia induced by the ingestion of the mercury containing compound Ceresan-Morkit. Mercury was traced in blood and urine. Since the excretion of the 17-Ketosteroids was augmented, we treated the patient with cortison, cuasing a prompt improvement of the condition. PMID- 1246240 TI - [X-Ray diagnosis of hepatic rupture in a newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Presumably due to trauma during birth newborn infant had a hepatic rupture and intraabdominal haematoma, which was diagnosed by injection of contrast solution into the umbilical vein catheter. Radiographically the haematoma was seen in the left upper abdomen (perhaps in the omental bursa). Besides additional birth injuries the infant suffered from fetopathia diabetica, asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, mediastinal emphysema and pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 1246241 TI - [Ring chromosome 18]. PMID- 1246242 TI - [Embryopathic alcoholism syndrome (alcoholic embryopathy)]. PMID- 1246243 TI - Autosomal chromosome disorders and variations. PMID- 1246245 TI - Editorial: Medical information on commercial TV. PMID- 1246246 TI - Sounding board. How many hats can a house officer wear? PMID- 1246244 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher. On meddling. PMID- 1246247 TI - Toward a system of emergency medical care. PMID- 1246248 TI - Letter: Hypotensive response to angiotensin II analogue in Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 1246249 TI - Letter: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and pseudohypoparathyroidism. PMID- 1246250 TI - Letter: Potentiation of hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas by clofibrate. PMID- 1246251 TI - Letter: A forgotten procoagulant in human urine. PMID- 1246252 TI - Letter: Avoiding the pain of veinpuncture. PMID- 1246253 TI - Letter: Intestinal lactase deficiency as a factor in the diarrhea of light treated jaundiced infants. PMID- 1246254 TI - Letter: Use of antibiotics: tests vs. reality. PMID- 1246255 TI - Deficient sympathetic nervous response in familial dysautonomia. AB - Norepinephrine concentration and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity were measured in the plasma of 10 dysautonomic patients and 10 normal subjects while they were reclining, standing and exercising. While reclining, dysautonomic patients had normal norepinephrine concentrations and blood pressure, but after standing they did not have a normal increase in their levels of norepinephrine (P less than 0.005), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (P less than 0.05) or plasma protein concentration (P less than 0.01); they became hypotensive. In reclining dysautonomic patients there appeared to be a correlation between blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentration. These data support the view that hypertension and hypotension in dysautonomia are related to the rate of norepinephrine release. PMID- 1246256 TI - Coffee drinking and death due to coronary heart disease. AB - For a series of 649 patients who died of coronary heart disease within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, and an equal number of neighborhood controls, information was obtained on a large number of variables, including coffee consumption. An analysis using multivariate risk scores to control for all available variables yields a maximum likelihood estimate of the risk ratio associated with coffee drinking of 1.1 (95 per cent two-sided confidence limits, 0.8 to 1.6). The estimate of the risk ratio depends somewhat on the number and nature of variables controlled for in the analysis. Overall, our findings, limited to low-risk and middle-risk patients, suggest that the risk, if any, of death from coronary heart disease associated with coffee drinking is small. PMID- 1246257 TI - Idiopathic hirsutism--an ovarian abnormality. AB - We investigated increased production of testosterone and androstenedione in 44 women with unexplained adult-onset hirsutism, 41 of whom had normal-sized ovaries. Twenty women in this group had at least 50 per cent suppression of plasma testosterone and androstenedione after four to five days of dexamethasone. Testosterone and androstenedione values in ovarian-vein effluents were higher than those of their adrenal veins. We calculated adrenal secretion rates of both androgens in each patient by relating the adrenal gradients to those of cortisol. In 42 of the hirsute women, including those whose androgens were suppressed after dexamethasone, the ovaries were the predominant source of androgen production. The women with dexamethasone suppression had milder degrees of virilism and lower production rates of testosterone and androstenedione. We conclude that the ovaries are the source of excessive androgens in most women with unexplained hirsutism, and that corticoid-suppressible patients have milder forms of ovarian hyperandrogenism. PMID- 1246258 TI - Delivery of primary health care--union style. A critical review of the Robert F. Kennedy plan for the United Farm Workers of America. AB - The primary health-care program developed by the United Farm Workers of America, an example of a consumer-controlled system, provides quality health care at locations and time convenient to patients and employs bilingual clinic personnel from the same worker background to bridge the cultural gap between provider and consumer. By combining health-care delivery with union activities, it has been possible to finance the system through grower contribution by contract and to alter unhealthy working and living conditions on the farms. However, the lack of decision-making power by the health workers has resulted in poor working conditions and a high turnover of personnel. Complete consumer control has built into it the same hazards as complete professional control, and some balance of power is clearly necessary if the needs of both are to be adequately met. PMID- 1246259 TI - Therapeutic bilateral renal infarction in end-stage renal disease. PMID- 1246261 TI - Editorial: Misuse of information printed in the Journal. PMID- 1246260 TI - Editorial: Psychologic factors in instantaneous cardiac death. PMID- 1246262 TI - Letter: Surgical treatment of acute coronary insufficiency. PMID- 1246263 TI - Letter: Correction of heart failure with treatment of hyperglycemia. PMID- 1246264 TI - Letter: The pregnant woman with Wilson's disease. PMID- 1246265 TI - Letter: Lupus nephritis. PMID- 1246266 TI - Letter: Frequency of oral cancers. PMID- 1246267 TI - Letter: The high cost of cheap blood. PMID- 1246268 TI - Suicide attempts by hospitalized medical and surgical patients. AB - To characterize siucidal behavior among hospitalized medical and surgical patients, all suicide attempts in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital were surveyed for seven years. Seventeen attempts occurred, non of them fatal. Only four patients were seriously ill, two with neoplasia. All the attempts were impulsive and were associated with stress and disturbances of impulse control. Anger, not depression, was the effect most often seen before the attempts. In all cases the precipitating stress was loss of emotional support. However, patient vulnerability to suicide seemed to be the key determinant. Fifteen patients had mental disorders, including eight with personality disorders, three with schizophrenia, three with organic brain syndromes, and one with manic depressive psychosis. Seven were psychotic, and six had made prior suicide attempts. These findings suggest that the characteristics of impulsive suicide should be considered when a suicide prevention program is being developed for a general hospital. PMID- 1246269 TI - Normal serum ferritin concentrations in precirrhotic hemochromatosis. AB - We investigated 33 of 58 members of two families with latent or precirrhotic hemochromatosis to determine its pattern of inheritance and to evaluate the serum ferritin levels as an index of iron stores. In both families, the pattern of inheritance was as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete expressivity. Mean serum ferritin values in the affected family members were 88.5 ng per milliliter (range, 28.0 to 201.9) for males and 65.2 ng per milliter (range 23.7 to 97.0) for females, which were no different from controls (P is less than 0.5). Furthermore, the serum ferritin values did not correlate with or reflect mobilizable iron stores, and there were no relations between the serum iron, iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation (P is less than 0.2). Thus, serum ferritin concentrations in precirrhotic familial hemochromatosis appear to underestimate iron stores. Serum ferritin levels do not help to identify such patients with increased iron stores for therapeutic phlebotomy. PMID- 1246270 TI - The holy legal war against state-hospital psychiatry. PMID- 1246271 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 6-1976. PMID- 1246272 TI - Editorial: The sometimes science of suicidology. PMID- 1246273 TI - Editorial: Serum ferritin fails to indicate hemochromatosis--nothing gold can stay. PMID- 1246274 TI - Editorial: Deprofessionalizing the profession. PMID- 1246275 TI - Committee on Maternal Welfare. Alcoholism and ruptured uterus. PMID- 1246276 TI - Letter: Recurrences in Crohn's disease. PMID- 1246277 TI - Letter: Lysozyme in Crohn's disease: influence of methods. PMID- 1246278 TI - Letter: Recurrent herpes. PMID- 1246279 TI - Letter: Dinitrochlorobenzene test for anergy. PMID- 1246280 TI - Letter: Germinoma, diabetes insipidus and gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 1246281 TI - Letter: Ambulation after myocardial infarction. PMID- 1246282 TI - Letter Coital rate and sex of offspring. PMID- 1246283 TI - Letter: Alcoholism in the U.S. Army. PMID- 1246284 TI - Letter: Regulation of number of medical subspecialists. PMID- 1246285 TI - Letter: Chiropractic. PMID- 1246286 TI - Letter: Catastrophic health insurance. PMID- 1246288 TI - Association between maternal diabetes and the respiratory-distress syndrome in the newborn. AB - Perinatal data on 805 infants of diabetic mothers and 10,152 infants of nondiabetic mothers were examined for a relation between maternal diabetes and respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn. The syndrome occurred in 23.4 per cent of the diabetic vs. 1.3 per cent of the nondiabetic group. The risk of the syndrome in an infant of a diabetic mother was 23.7 times greater than that for an infant of a nondiabetic mother (P less than 0.00001). Further analysis to control for features associated with diabetes but also in themselves risk factors, such as gestational age and route of delivery, showed that respiratory distress syndrome in infants of diabetic mothers was 5.6 times as likely to develop as in infants of nondiabetic mothers (P less than 0.00001). Thus, maternal diabetes mellitus per se predisposes to newborn respiratory-distress syndrome. PMID- 1246289 TI - Radiologic detection of breast cancer. Review and recommendations. AB - In response to recent public demand for mammographic examination after the discovery of breast cancer in two women of national prominence, the Ad Hoc Committee on Mammography of the Massachusetts Radiological Society reviewed the present indications, benefits, and risks of radiologic technics used in the detection of neoplastic breast disease. Either low-dose film mammography or xeromammography can provide diagnostic information with minimal radiation hazard, and thermography is a sensitive though nonspecific technic for interim follow-up observations and for screening of large groups of well patients. Mammographic examination should be performed before contemplated breast operations and in women at high risk for the development of breast cancer, especially those who have had previous neoplastic breast disease. Routine mammographic studies on well women may be initiated after the age of 35 years, the frequency of periodic re examination being determined by clinical and mammographic findings. PMID- 1246290 TI - Current concepts in genetics. Principles of medical genetics (first of two parts). PMID- 1246291 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher. On committees. PMID- 1246292 TI - Editorial: Aldosterone, potassium and acidosis. PMID- 1246293 TI - Editorial: Current concepts in genetics. PMID- 1246294 TI - Editorial: Low-dose insulin: a plea for caution. PMID- 1246295 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Mammography--a question. PMID- 1246296 TI - Letter: Treatment of adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 1246297 TI - Letter: HL-A and pernicious anemia. PMID- 1246298 TI - Letter: Nitroprusside and renal function. PMID- 1246299 TI - Letter: Normal frequency of HL-A B27 in aortic insufficiency. PMID- 1246300 TI - Letter: Plasticizer delivered from polyvinyl chloride intravenous bags. PMID- 1246301 TI - Letter: Somatostatin, growth hormone and parkinsonism. PMID- 1246302 TI - Letter: Stability of aspirin in propoxyphene compound dosage forms. PMID- 1246303 TI - Letter: How do physicians address the patient? PMID- 1246304 TI - Letter: Respiratory therapists. PMID- 1246305 TI - Letter: Preserving the whale. PMID- 1246306 TI - Letter: The study of primary care. PMID- 1246307 TI - Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. AB - Prolonged cyclic combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil was evaluated as adjuvant treatment to radical mastectomy in primary breast cancer with positive axillary lymph nodes. After 27 months of study, treatment occurred in 24 per cent of 179 control patients and in 5.3 per cent of 207 women given combination chemotherapy (P less than 10(-6)), the advantage appearing statistically significant in all subgroups of patients. Patients with four or more positive axillary nodes had a higher per cent of relapses than those with fewer nodes. The initial new clinical manifestations occurred in distant sites in 81.5 per cent of relapsed patients. Long-term chemotherapy produced an acceptable toxicity, thus allowing the administration of a high percentage of drug dosage. These results should be considered with caution, since, at present, the effect of this therapy on survival and possible long-term side effects remain unknown. PMID- 1246308 TI - Location of aldosterone-producing adenomas with 131I-19-iodocholesterol. AB - We used 131I-19-iodocholesterol as an adrenal-imaging agent in 27 hypertensive patients who had biochemical evidence of abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. In 10 of 12 patients in whom the biochemical findings suggested the presence of an aldosterone-producing adenoma the adrenal uptake was asymmetric. The adenoma was subsequently confirmed in all eight patients in this group who underwent operation. In contrast, the adrenal uptake was asymmetric in only one of 13 patients with biochemical evidence of iodopathic hyperaldosteronism or low-renin essential hypertension. Two patients with adrenal carcinoma causing primary aldosteronism did not concentrate the isotope in their tumors. When metabolic studies suggest an aldosterone-producing adenoma, adrenal imaging with 131I-19-iodocholesterol may locate the tumor before operation. PMID- 1246309 TI - Oral contraceptives and reduced risk of benign breast diseases. AB - In 1970 a questionnaire on oral-contraceptive use was mailed to 97,254 married women 25 to 49 years of age in Greater Boston. Sixty-nine per cent responded. During the subsequent 30 months, 1072 of the women were hospitalized for breast diseases. Hospitalization rates for fibrocystic disease were similar for non users of oral contraceptives and users of one to 12 months' duration. However, users for 13 months to 24 months and 25 or more months had rates only 70 and 35 per cent, respectively, of those of non-users. Detailed analysis of these results, and their similarity to findings in previous studies, suggest that the association is causal--use of oral contraceptives appears to lower risk of fibrocystic breast disease. A similar association was seen for fibroadenoma. Rates of breast cancer were lower for users than for non-users, but this finding was neither related to duration of use nor statistically significant. PMID- 1246310 TI - Treatment of thyrotoxic hypercalcemia with propranolol. PMID- 1246311 TI - Editorial: Major advance in breast-cancer therapy. PMID- 1246312 TI - Editorial: Solving the adrenal lesion(s) of primary aldosteronism. PMID- 1246313 TI - Editorial: Those anti-doctor books. PMID- 1246314 TI - Letter: Transfusion requirement in patients with sickle-cell disease on hemodialysis. PMID- 1246315 TI - Letter: Amyloid fibrils in urinary sediment. PMID- 1246316 TI - Letter: 67Gallium scintigraphy for inflammatory masses. PMID- 1246317 TI - Letter: Malaria. PMID- 1246318 TI - Letter: Problems with lithium as treatment for inappropriate ADH secretion. PMID- 1246319 TI - Letter: Complex ovarian mass on ultrasonography: primary or metastatic tumor? PMID- 1246320 TI - Letter: Allopurinol for sarcoid? PMID- 1246321 TI - Letter: Immunotherapy with levamisole. PMID- 1246322 TI - Letter: IgG subgroups in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1246323 TI - Letter: Coffee and heartburn. PMID- 1246324 TI - Letter: Radiation from smoke detectors. PMID- 1246325 TI - Letter: Standardization of heparin-lock maintenance solution. PMID- 1246326 TI - Letter: Male dominance in medicine. PMID- 1246328 TI - Letter: Physicians' incomes. PMID- 1246327 TI - Letter: Facts of life--and death. PMID- 1246329 TI - Letter: Duplicate publication. PMID- 1246330 TI - Hyperglucagonemia and blood glucose regulation in normal, obese and diabetic subjects. AB - Glucagon was infused to maintain plasma concentrations three to six times the basal level (300 to 600 pg per milliliter) into 16 normal and seven non-diabetic obese subjects. Hyperglucagonemia caused only a transient rise of 5 to 10 mg per 100 ml in basal glucose levels and had no effect on oral glucose tolerance or plasma insulin. In three patients with adult and two with juvenile-onset diabetes on maintenance insulin, hyperglucagonemia maintained for two to four days caused no change in plasma glucose of ketone concentration. In contrast, in nine insulin withdrawn patients the glycemic response to hyperglucagonemia was five to 15 times greater (P less then 0.05) than in normal controls. Hyperglucagonemia does not cause glucose intolerance in normal subjects or bring about deterioration of diabetic control when insulin is available. Glucagon in the insulin-deprived patient can worsen the diabetic state. These findings suggest the primary role of insulin deficiency in the diabetogenic action of glucagon. PMID- 1246332 TI - Current concepts in genetics: principles of medical genetics (second of two parts). PMID- 1246331 TI - The complement abnormalities of lipodystrophy. AB - Investigation of the serum complement system in 25 patients with various forms of lipodystrophy showed no abnormality in three patients with total lipodystrophy; a single patient with limb lipodystrophy had evidence of activation of the classical complement pathway. However, of the 21 patients with partial lipodystrophy, 17 had low serum C3, with normal C4 and C2, concentrations, accompanied in 14 by a serum C3 splitting factor indistinguishable from nephritic factor, suggesting activation of the alternative pathway. These abnormalities occurred in 10 patients without clinically overt renal disease. Seven patients had overt nephritis; renal biopsies obtained in six showed mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) nephritis in all. Thus, the majority of patients with partial lipodystrophy have hypocomplementemia. Although nephritis may not invariably develop, the high rate of mesangiocapillary nephritis in these patients suggests that complement activation via the alternative pathway predisposes to the development of this form of glomerular disease. PMID- 1246333 TI - Beta-sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis. PMID- 1246334 TI - By the London Post. Uneasy truce-new thoughts on welfare. PMID- 1246335 TI - Editorial: Glucagon and the regulation of blood sugar. PMID- 1246336 TI - Editorial: Glomerulonephritis, complement and C3NeF. PMID- 1246337 TI - Sounding board. Proliferation of certification in medical specialties: productive or counterproductive. PMID- 1246338 TI - Letter: Hypercalcemia in cancer patients. PMID- 1246339 TI - Letter: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 1246340 TI - Letter: Visceral viewpoint = stomach upset. PMID- 1246341 TI - Letter: Electromagnetic forces and circadian rhythms. PMID- 1246342 TI - Letter: H-Y locus and sex differentiation. PMID- 1246343 TI - Letter: Nitroprusside and methemoglobinemia. PMID- 1246344 TI - Letter: The pleasure of semantic confusion. PMID- 1246345 TI - Medicine and public affairs. Trial run for a "science court". PMID- 1246346 TI - "Braille" reading by a blind volunteer by visual cortex stimulation. PMID- 1246347 TI - Hormonal control of insect epidermal cell commitment in vitro. PMID- 1246348 TI - Suckling mouse cataract agent is a helical wall-free prokaryote (spiroplasma) pathogenic for vertebrates. PMID- 1246349 TI - Plaque-forming factor produced by Mycoplasma pulmonis. PMID- 1246350 TI - Induction of colony formation in vitro by human lymphocytes. PMID- 1246351 TI - Hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin with beta-chain synthesis in cis position (Ggamma-beta+-HPFH) in a negro family. PMID- 1246352 TI - Electron transfer across membranes using vitamin K1 and coenzyme Q10 as carrier molecules. PMID- 1246353 TI - Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins in HeLa cells infected with vaccinia virus. PMID- 1246354 TI - Exhaustion and recovery of repair excision of O6-methylguanine from rat liver DNA. PMID- 1246355 TI - Altered C-terminal salt bridges in haemoglobin York cause high oxygen affinity. PMID- 1246356 TI - Letter: Methylation of organolead and lead(II) compounds to (CH3)4Pb by microorganisms. PMID- 1246357 TI - Letter: Muscle regeneration in dystrophic mice. PMID- 1246358 TI - Presence of gene for beta globin in homozygous beta0 thalassaemia. AB - In one southern Italian and one Pakistani patient with homozygous beta0 thalassaemia in which no detectable beta-globin synthesis occurs and no beta globin messenger RNA is found, the gene for beta globin has been shown to be present using complementary DNA. This demonstrates that for these patients the imbalance in chain synthesis is not attributable to a gene deletion. PMID- 1246359 TI - [A simple spatial scheme for classification of disorders in the septum forming proces of the human heart according to morphogenetic criteria]. PMID- 1246360 TI - [A patient who is short of breath]. PMID- 1246361 TI - [Decreasing frequency of appendicitis?]. PMID- 1246362 TI - [Treatment of bladder tumors by "Amsterdam Team on Urological Tumors"]. PMID- 1246363 TI - [A patient with choledocho-duodenal fistula]. PMID- 1246365 TI - [Parasternal mediastinotomy]. PMID- 1246366 TI - [Fluctuating hemoglobin concentration]. PMID- 1246367 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thrombosis]. PMID- 1246364 TI - ["You have to learn to live with it?" Incontinence caused by bladder fistula]. PMID- 1246369 TI - [Letter: Survival and rehabilitation after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1246368 TI - [Letter: Piperazine: adverse effects or poisoning?]. PMID- 1246370 TI - [Patients, hopitalized because of alcohol abuse]. PMID- 1246371 TI - Hepatic coma: theory and therapy. Part II. PMID- 1246372 TI - Physicians' awareness and attitudes toward the retarded. Part II. PMID- 1246373 TI - The next twenty-five years. AB - The next 25 years have been reviewed from the general standpoint of people and economy and from the specific focus of the health care needs of women. Special problems in patient care which will require our immediate attention have been identified. The strengths and weaknesses of the College have been presented. A proposal for reinforcement of organization within the discipline to help us pull together as a team is the creation of 1) A Coordinating Council For Obstetrics and Gynecology; and 2) A Board of Trustees for the American College. These steps I believe are essential to the health growth of our College and the advancement of quality education and improved patient care. PMID- 1246374 TI - Treatment of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium at Memorial-James Ewing Hospitals, 1949-1965. AB - This retrospective study of patients receiving initial therapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma at Memorial-James Ewing Hospitals from 1949-1965 confirmed that the most important factor related to survival was extent of disease at presentation. Those patients with spread beyond the corpus had a much poorer prognosis regardless of method of therapy. Within Stage I, histologic grade and depth of myometrial penetration were of much greater prognostic significance than uterine size. Advanced age was associated with a higher incidence of poorly differentiated tumors. Apparently for Stage I, simple hysterectomy alone was not as effective as simple hysterectomy combined with preoperative radium or radical hysterectomy with or without node dissection. There was a 6% incidence of positive nodes when node dissection was performed in Stage I patients who had no spread of disease to the cervix confirmed at operation. Pure vaginal recurrence rate was low for all methods of therapy in Stage I. Eradication of recurrences by any means was relatively ineffective. PMID- 1246375 TI - Progestational potency of oral contraceptives. AB - The induction of glycogen deposition as subnuclear vacuoles was found to be a better method in estimating progestational potency of individual progestins than the delay of menses assay. Norgestrel was the most potent progestin in all assays. The progestational potency of oral contraceptives was estimated by multiply potency of individual progestins by their dose. Combination oral contraceptives containing norgestrel were in the mid range of progestational potency because of the relatively higher potency of their progestin. The progestational potency of the norethindrone "mini" pill was compared with that of the norethindrone low-progestogen combination pill and the sequential pill over a 28-day cycle, and no appreciable difference was found. PMID- 1246376 TI - An ultrasound aspiration transducer for diagnostic amniocenteses. AB - The many benefits of ultrasonography in the management of pregnancy are briefly reviewed. The use of a B-mode ultrasound aspiration transducer in the performance of diagnostic amniocentesis is described. This new tool was of considerable assistance in the management of 3 patients. PMID- 1246377 TI - Amenorrhea: a review of forty cases. AB - A retrospective analysis of the clinical data from 40 patients with amenorrhea has enabled us to reach useful generalizations applicable to the management of this problem. Chromosome studies when puberty is delayed and a thorough pelvic examination when menarche fails to appear at the proper time relative to the sequence of other pubertal events will lead to an early definitive diagnosis in most cases of primary amenorrhea. A schema for the functional categorization of patients with secondary amenorrhea is presented to obviate the necessity of obtaining a needlessly expensive battery of laboratory tests which often yield misleading or uninterpretable data. PMID- 1246378 TI - Intrauterine insemination with husband's semen. PMID- 1246379 TI - Pregnancy after removal of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - A case of pregnancy complicated by an abdominal aortic aneurysm was treated by abdominal hysterotomy and resection of the aneurysm. The patient had a subsequent pregnancy without complication. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pregnancy following abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. PMID- 1246380 TI - Letter: Indomethacin. PMID- 1246382 TI - Letter: Fetal bradycardia. PMID- 1246381 TI - Letter: Ovarian changes in obesity. PMID- 1246383 TI - Letter: Training program. PMID- 1246384 TI - Fetal heart deceleration patterns in relation to asphyxia and weight-gestational age percentile of the fetus. AB - The relation between fetal heart rate deceleration patterns and fetal asphyxia and the weight-gestational age percentile characteristics of the fetus has been reviewed from data obtained from 533 patients monitored during the intrapartum period. There is a significant relation between the frequency of total and late decelerations and fetal asphyxia, again confirming this as a useful criterion in the identification of fetal asphyxia. There is a significant relation between decreasing weight-gestational age percentile of the fetus and increasing frequency of total and late decelerations, identifying this fetal characteristic as another variable which will influence fetal heart rate deceleration patterns. The appreciation of the effect of this variable is useful in the interpretation of the fetal heart rate record during the intrapartum period. PMID- 1246385 TI - Hereditary spherocytosis with hemolytic crisis during pregnancy. Treatment by splenectomy. AB - Hemolytic anemia was detected in 2 young women in the second trimester of pregnancy. The diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis was made, and the patients underwent uneventful splenectomy. Five similar cases from the literature are reviewed. PMID- 1246386 TI - The natural history of an hematosalpinx. AB - A patient who had experienced an actopic pregnancy and subsequent salpingectomy was found to have an ectopic pregnancy, presenting as an hematosalpinx, in the remaining fallopian tube. The diagnosis was made at the time of laparoscopy, and the patient refused definitive surgery. Fourteen months later she achieved an intrauterine pregnancy, and repeat laparoscopic examination revealed an essentially normal pelvis and fallopian tube. This is evidently the first case report of a pregnancy occurring through a fallopian tube that had had a previous ectopic gestation and in which no surgical procedure was performed on the affected tube. PMID- 1246387 TI - Acute puerperal inversion of the uterus in a primipara. AB - A rare case of uterine inversion immediately following delivery is reported. The uterus was successfully repositioned by a combined abdominal and vaginal approach. PMID- 1246389 TI - Recovery after prolonged anuria following septic abortion. AB - After a criminal abortion, a 21-year-old woman developed clostridial sepsis, massive hemolysis, shock, and protracted renal failure. Anuria was present for 3 weeks and hemodialysis was required for 35 days. Because of the prolonged anuria, the patient was thought to have irreversible renal cortical necrosis. A renal biopsy demonstrated tubular necrosis only. Shortly after the biopsy procedure, urinary volumes began to increase, and renal function gradually returned to normal levels. This case demonstrates that a protracted course of renal failure following clostridial infection is not necessarily due to cortical necrosis but may result from tubular necrosis, and renal function may return to normal. PMID- 1246388 TI - Antenatal diagnosis and management of the small-for-gestational-age fetus. AB - The small-for-gestational-age fetus continues to account for a large proportion of fetal demise in late pregnancy. Delivery at 37 to 38 weeks' gestation to preempt this is our recommended mode of management. Prenatal diagnosis was made in only 33% of cases in this study. The course of 101 growth-retarded pregnancies has been critically evaluated towards improving the rate of prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 1246390 TI - Pregnancy associated with renal glucosuria. AB - On reviewing 17,647 pregnancies over a 6-year period, 291 of 17,229 singleton pregnancies were noted to be associated with renal glucosuria. On analyzing these 291 pregnancies in 277 women, renal glucosuria was more frequently observed in those women with blood group types A and B and less in those with blood group type O. The incidence of renal glucosuria in nulliparous women, 2.8%, was significantly higher than that in parous women, 1.1%. A significantly high incidence of prematurity, 25.0%, was noted in women who persistently spilled a large amount of glucose. PMID- 1246391 TI - Maternal and fetal plasma cortisol levels at parturition. AB - Fetal adrenal function during pregnancy has a probable role in parturition. Ninety-five mothers and fetuses were evaluated to ascertain maternal or fetal plasma cortisol interrelationships under various clinical situations. When mode of delivery was evaluated, maternal cortisol levels showed no differences. However, the fetuses from vaginal delivery (mean, 43.7 mug/100 ml) had higher levels than those from cesarean section (mean, 34.7 mug/100 ml). Induction of labor showed a rise in maternal cortisol from preinduction levels (mean, 40.2 mug/100 ml) to delivery (mean, 49.6 mug/100 ml), probably reflecting the maternal stress of labor. The fetal cortisol level after induced labor (mean, 35.2 mug/ml) supporting the adrenal contribution to the initiation of labor. Gestational age of the fetus was significant in the fetal cortisol levels: 36 weeks or less (mean, 34.1 mug/100 ml); 37 weeks or more (mean, 44.5 mug/100 ml). This again supports the development of adrenal maturity. Fetal weight, postdatism, acute and chronic fetal distress, hypertensive disease in pregnancy, and race were evaluated without revealing any significant intergroup differences. Two anencephalic pregnancies were also studied. PMID- 1246392 TI - Gorlin's syndrome: ovarian fibromas at adolescence. AB - An adolescent with bilateral ovarian fibromas associated with Gorlin's or the multiple nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is described. The syndrome should be considered and looked for when bilateral solid ovarian masses are found in young women. PMID- 1246394 TI - Ovarian pregnancy with delivery of a live baby. AB - A case of a primary ovarian pregnancy culminating in abdominal delivery of a live baby is presented. The absolute necessity of endometrial tissue for development of the fertilized ovum is discussed. Although in advanced ovarian pregnancy there is no profound difference from normal intrauterine gestation, it may mask the presence of an abruptio placentae. PMID- 1246393 TI - Failure of triiodothyronine to prevent propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism and goiter in fetal sheep. AB - Administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) to pregnant, third trimester sheep led to decreasing serum thyroxine and increasing serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in both mothers and fetuses. Hypothyroidism appeared more pronounced in the fetuses than in the ewes, and goiter formation was observed in all fetuses exposed to PTU. Concomitant administration of triiodothyronine failed to protect the fetuses from the effects of PTU. PMID- 1246395 TI - Fibroepithelial polyp of the vagina. A report of five cases. AB - Fibroepithelial polyp of the vagina is a rare lesion. Although benign, it can be confused with malignant connective tissue lesions because of its bizarre histology. Treatment is simple local excision. Recurrence is extremely uncommon. Five cases are reported. PMID- 1246396 TI - The clinical syndrome of triploidy. AB - The clinical syndrome associated with triploidy is quite typical but is rarely reported in near-term stillborns and newborns. The occurrence of a large placenta with areas of hydatidiform changes in combination with an edematous fetus with macroglossia, facial clefts, eye defects, dysplastic cranial bones, omphalocele, meningomyelocele, syndactyly, and, in males, genital maldevelopment is suggestive of a triploid chromosomal constitution. PMID- 1246397 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 with decision not to terminate pregnancy. AB - We report the antenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 syndrome using cultured amniotic fluid cells. Our patient, in contrast to previous patients, elected to continue the pregnancy to term. A description of the fetus is given, and a rationale for management is discussed. PMID- 1246398 TI - Androgenic function of a granulosa cell tumor. AB - Virilizing granulosa cell tumors are uncommon and have not been well studied hormonally. A hirsute woman with a cystic granulosa cell tumor of the ovary is presented. Plasma hormone levles obtained before and after surgery indicate testosterone production by the tumor with LH and FSH suppression. Plasma testosterone (T) and T-index returned to normal after tumor removal, and ovulation resumed. PMID- 1246399 TI - Massive edema of the ovary. A case report and a review of the literature. AB - A patient with massive ovarian edema is described. This represents the eighth such case in the literature and the largest tumor reported. The literature on massive ovarian edema is reviewed and summarized. PMID- 1246400 TI - An evaluation of the significance of positive oxytocin challenge test. AB - Sixty-six of 390 patients studied at LAC/USC Women's Hospital between 1970 and 1973 had positive oxytocin challenge tests (OCT). Twenty-four percent of patients who were allowed direct monitored labor after a positive OCT showed no late deceleration and must be assumed to have had false-positive tests. Patients with positive OCT's had significantly increased incidences of perinatal mord late deceleration in labor when compared to patients with no positive OCT. The combination of a positive OCT and abnormal 24-hour urinary estriol excretion should be considered ominous. PMID- 1246401 TI - Unilateral streaked ovary syndrome. Slotnick-Goldfarbs syndrome. AB - A case of unilateral streaked ovary (Slotnick-Goldfarb's syndrome) is reported and documented with hormonal, chromosomal, laparoscopic, and histologic studied. It is postulated that viral oophoritis associated with mumps might explain the coexistence of a streaked ovary of a congenital origin with a hypoplastic ovary, tbat would be the expression of a factor acting in postnatal life. PMID- 1246402 TI - Primary ovarian pregnancy and the intrauterine device. AB - Two new cases of ovarian pregnancy are reported in relation to use of the intrauterine device, bringing the total number of reported cases to 18. Theories concerning the failure of the IUD to reduce the number of ovarian pregnancies are discussed. PMID- 1246403 TI - Postmenopausal tuboovarian abscess. AB - Twelve postmenopausal women with tuboovarian abscess were manages at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center in the period 1970 to 1975. Post-menopausal uterine bleeding and a palpable pelvic mass were the most common findings. On admission however, presenting signs and symptoms were generally not helpful in making a correct descriptive diagnosis. Four of the patients had a ruptured tuboovarian abscess at the time of surgery, and additional pathologic findings were common. The total hospital course was prolonged, with significant postoperative complications in 7 patients. Three patients developed gastrointestinal fistulas and 5 patients required further surgery. Possible etiologies of these adnexal abscesses and suggested patient management including appropriate antibiotic therapy is discussed. PMID- 1246405 TI - [I-year experience with the intrauterine contraceptive device Szontagh IUD]. PMID- 1246404 TI - Carcinoembryoinc antigen in cervical and vulvar cancer patients. Serum levels and disease progress. AB - Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays were performed on 10 patients with primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, 7 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and 5 patients with invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva. Plasma CEA determinations were accomplished by radioimmunoassay, using a modification of Hanson's method. In 8 of the 10 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, positive CEA values dropped to normal ranges during the course of radiotherapy, usually in the first 4 weeks of treatment. A similar decrease in patients' serum values was seen after surgical extirpation of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix by pelvic exenteration. Serum values also dropped to within normal limits in a limited number of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva after complete removal of all gross disease. Persistence of disease was associated with all gross disease. Persistence of disease was associated with chronically elevated values. A suggestion is made that patients with elevated CEA values may be followed with serial determinations to substantiate complete eradication of their disease. PMID- 1246406 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 1246407 TI - [Surgical treatment of liver adenoma caused by contraceptive agents]. PMID- 1246409 TI - [Letter: The value of mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 1246408 TI - [Infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia in both twins]. PMID- 1246410 TI - [Analysis of a gastric cancer patient material of 10 years, with special reference to the effectiveness of past and present diagnostic methods]. PMID- 1246411 TI - [Quantitative determination of progesterone, 17-beta estradiol and estrone by means of protein binding]. PMID- 1246413 TI - [Combining surgical operations]. PMID- 1246412 TI - [Histological study of changes in the human jejunal mucosa following truncal vagotomy]. PMID- 1246414 TI - [Prenatal administration of dexamethasone for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 1246415 TI - [Removal of foreign bodies from children's stomachs by means of a fibroscope]. PMID- 1246416 TI - [Heart abscess]. PMID- 1246417 TI - Special radiological techniques in maxillary sinus disease. PMID- 1246418 TI - Radiology of the maxillary sinus after Caldwell-Luc surgery. PMID- 1246419 TI - Inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinus and its complications. PMID- 1246421 TI - Conservative surgical procedures in inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246420 TI - Maxillary sinus disease and the pediatric patient. PMID- 1246422 TI - The Caldwell-Luc procedure. PMID- 1246423 TI - Transantral procedures. PMID- 1246424 TI - Pathologic aspects of mucosal lesions of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246425 TI - Management of odontogenic maxillary sinus disease. PMID- 1246426 TI - Management of maxillary fractures. PMID- 1246427 TI - Management of cysts, benign tumors, and bony dysplasia of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246428 TI - The management of malignant tumors of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246429 TI - Partial and radical maxillectomy. PMID- 1246430 TI - The role of radiotheraphy in benign and malignant disease of the maxillary antrum. PMID- 1246431 TI - Applied surgical anatomy of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246432 TI - Pathologic aspects of osseous and fibro-osseous lesions of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246433 TI - Bacterial and fungal infections of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246434 TI - Radiology of the normal maxillary sinus and related structures. AB - The radiographic anatomy of the maxillary sinus and related structures as shown in the Waters, lateral, submentovertical, and Caldwell views has been presented. A number of structures, which are of clinical importance but infrequently emphasized, are discussed. Careful study of these four standard sinus projections should provide an excellent knowledge of the radiographic anatomy of the maxillary sinus and its normal variants. PMID- 1246435 TI - Dental anatomy and radiology and the maxillary sinus. PMID- 1246436 TI - The radiologic diagnosis of maxillary sinus disease. PMID- 1246437 TI - PPA president urges closer ties. Pharmacist-physician communication. PMID- 1246438 TI - Decriminalize, don't legalize. Society's marihuana position--modify law. PMID- 1246439 TI - Labor, record retention laws affect medical office. PMID- 1246440 TI - Review of some significant drug interactions. PMID- 1246441 TI - Measles outbreak--Monroe County. PMID- 1246442 TI - Measles outbreak--Hempfield school district. PMID- 1246443 TI - Dual therapy for alcohol addiction. PMID- 1246444 TI - Regional chemotherapy by isolation-perfusion: a ten year follow-up. PMID- 1246445 TI - A surgical technique decreasing the leakage of the drugs during regional perfusion for far-advanced neoplasms. PMID- 1246446 TI - Interstitial 192Ir therapy in head and neck cancer. PMID- 1246447 TI - Role of iodine-125 seeds in interstitial therapy. PMID- 1246448 TI - Interstitial curietherapy in head and neck. PMID- 1246449 TI - Results of interstitial curietherapy in T3 and T4 floor of the mouth and tongue cancers after previous arterial infusion chemotherapy. PMID- 1246450 TI - Curietherapy in breast cancer of stages I and II by radium implant or 198Au seeds. PMID- 1246452 TI - Interstitial irradiation in carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 1246454 TI - The intracavitary radiotherapy of cancer of the uterine cervix with after-loading and radio-iridium wires. PMID- 1246451 TI - Radiotherapy of lower lip cancer with after-loading and radio-iridium wires. PMID- 1246453 TI - Conservative treatment of breast carcinoma using an association of radiotherapy and iridium 192 interstitial curietherapy. PMID- 1246455 TI - Radiotherapy of skin epitheliomas with after-loading and radio-iridium wires. PMID- 1246456 TI - Radio-surgical protocol for the treatment of the cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 1246457 TI - Intraperitoneal curietherapy. Indications and prognosis. PMID- 1246458 TI - The remote after-loading system for radioactive sources A.L.D.O. PMID- 1246459 TI - Glycoproteins from mature human milk whey. AB - Two milk-specific glycoprotein fractions and serum orosomucoid were isolated from mature human milk. One of the milk-specific glycoproteins was homogeneous and was termed glycoprotein A. Its sedimentation and diffusion constants were 2.6 S and 6.3 F, respectively, giving a molecular weight of 29,5000. It contained some 70% carbohydrate consisting of sialic acid, galactose, fucose, glucosamine, and galactosamine. It was not immunologically related to serum orosomucoid. The other glycoprotein, called glycoprotein B, was heterogeneous with an average molecular weight of near 4,000, and carbohydrate comprised some 75% of its weight. Both glycoprotein fractions supported the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var. Penn. Removal of sialic acid enhanced the growth-promoting activity of glycoprotein B but not of A. PMID- 1246460 TI - Behavioral and biochemical correlates of diet change in phenylketonuria. AB - The investigation was designed to explore the use of tests tapping reversible aspects of behavior and performance and to find out whether these data can be correlated with concurrent metabolic changes in different dietary phases. The four subjects had classic phenylketonuria, diagnosed on the basis of a high level of serum phenylalanine on a regular diet, and severe mental retardation. Three types of diet were used: the general institutional diet, a low phenylalanine diet, and a low phenylalanine diet with added L-phenylalanine. A position discrimination and reversal task was used. Blood samples were taken every week on the day before psychological testing, and one 24-hr urine sample was collected during each dietary phase. In subjects I and II performance deteriorated upon elevation of the serum phenylalanine level, but these changes were transient only, thus showing an adaptation to the effects of the high serum phenylalanine level. Subject III showed increased response latencies (slower test responses) during high phenylalanine diet phases and faster responses while on a low phenylalanine diet. The correlation between response time and phenylalanine level is highly significant (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). On the low phenylalanine diet subject IV's responses were fast and her performance was very stable, which contrasted with erratic performance during the high phenylalanine phases. Calculations show a significant association with phenylalanine level, both for response time (r = 0.47, P less than 0.05) and for variability in response time within each session (r = 0.46, P less than 0.05). Biochemical variability was observed in metabolic responses to phenylalanine loading, especially in the excretion of tryptophan metabolites. PMID- 1246461 TI - Therapeutic effects of glycine in isovaleric acidemia. AB - The effect of glycine administration on acute leucine loading (125 mg/kg) was tested in a patient with isovaleric acidemia. Serum isovaleric acid at 1-3/4 hr after the leucine loading alone was elevated to 5.60 mg/100 ml and urinary isovaleryglycine excretion was 9.90 mg/mg creatine/24 hr. Whe the same amount of leucine was given with glycine (250 mg/kg) serum isovaleric acid was only 0.93 mg/200 ml. Unfortunately, urine was collected for only 12 hr after the leucine glycine loading. However, the amount of urinary isovaleryglycine was 26.2 mg/mg creatine in this period. In the following experiments in which a meal containing 80 mg leucine/kg was given, serum isovaleric acid was elevated to 1.14 and 1.01 mg/100 ml at 3 hr and 6 hr after the loading, respectively. How-ever, serum isovaleric acid was only 0.53 and 0.79 mg/100 ml at 3 and 6 hr, respectively, when the identical mean was given with 2 g glycine. The effect of long term glycine administration (250 mg/kg/24 hr) was also tested. It did not prevent two ketotic episodes which were caused by infections. However, the duration of clinical symptoms such as vomiting and a large anion gap in the acute episodes were much shorter with rectal glycine administration. The patient's linear growth and weight gain durin glycine administration was much better than that in the pretreatment period. PMID- 1246462 TI - Micropuncture study of fluid transfer in aminonucleoside nephrosis in the rat. AB - The relationship between glomerular filtration rate and proximal tubular fluid reabsorption was evaluated in control rats and in rats 96 and 144 hr after the injection of an aminonucleoside of puromycin. Urine volume and sodium excretion were decreased in the rats injected with aminonucleoside. Proteinuria increased progressively. Total kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was diminished less than surface nephron GFR at 96 hr and greater than single nephron GFR at 144 hr after injection when a large proportion of nephrons are nonfunctional. Clearance of p-aminohippurate was unchanged initially and depressed subsequently after aminonucleoside injection. Absolute reabsorption to the end of the proximal convolution was unaltered despite a decrease in total kidney filtration fraction. This decrease in GFR coupled with unchanged absolute reabsorption and hence increased fractional proximal reabsorption leads to decreased delivery of sodium and fluid to the more distal portions of the nephron. PMID- 1246463 TI - Transfer across perfused human placenta. IV. Effect of protein binding on free fatty acids. AB - The effect of protein binding on the rate of placental transfer of hexanoic (C 6) and decanoic (C 10) acids was investigated in an in vitro perfusion system of human placenta. As much as 30% of transferred C 6 was converted to more polar compounds, so that the observations related to the combined effects on transfer and metabolism. Less than 10% of C 10 was similarly metabolized. Both fatty acids are soluble in buffered salt solutions at the concentrations used (40 muM) and both are bound to serum albumin, C-10 having higher association constants (K' for C 6, 1.48 X 10(4); for C 10, 1.03 X 10(5). When the placenta is perfused with buffered salt solution, the transfer of C 6 is 22% more rapid than that of C 10. It is suggested that binding within the placenta retards C 10 more than C 6. The addition of 1 g/100 ml bovine serum albumin to the maternal perfusate reduces the transfer rate of C 10 by 80%, whereas 2 g/100 ml serum albumin has a more moderate effect on C 6 (a reduction of 50%). The addition of 1 g/100 ml serum albumin to the fetal perfusate increases transfer rate of both free fatty acids (FFA), C 6 by 25% and C 10 by about 250%. With equivalent concentrations of serum albumin in maternal and fetal perfusates, the transfer rate of C 10 was reduced by 65%, whereas there was no detectable effect on transfer of C 6 in two of three experiments. The transfer rate of FFA increase logarithmically with progressive shortening of the carbon chain from C 16 to C 8 when maternal and fetal perfusates contain serum albumin. Protein binding is apparently the determining factor. The rate of transfer falls off at C 6 and C 4, 4ven though protein binding continues to decrease. The determining factor may be the hydrophilic nature of these molecules. PMID- 1246464 TI - Hereditary sever combined immunodeficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - A retrospective study aiming at detection of heterozygous carriers of blood adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was carried out in nine families known to us because children had died of combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The trait was found in 3 of 9 parent couples, and in 14 other relatives. In two families one homozygous patient was identified. A total of 54 family members and 60 healthy control subjects were tested. Clinically, the patients were all characterized by marked lymphopenia, nearly normal immunoglobulin levels, and inability to produce antibodies. One homozygous patient recovered after transplantation of fetal liver and thymus and is immunologically normal 1.5 years afterwards. PMID- 1246465 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus induced by inactivated vaccine or by infection. AB - Transformation and increased mitotic activity in donor lymphocytes exposed to specific antigens is considered by many to be a manifestation of cell-mediated immunity. In attempts to understand the apparent "sensitization" of individuals to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a result of receiving inactivated RSV vaccine, in vitro lymphocyte transformation studies were carried out on infants who had received inactivated RSV vaccine and on infants who had received a similarly prepared inactivated African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cell-grown parainfluenza type 1 virus vaccine or a trivalent parainfluenza vaccine prepared in hen's eggs. Each group included some infants who had, and others who had not, undergone natural RSV infection under our observation before the lymphocyte studies. Lymphocytes were studied from 21 infants and young children who had received the inactivated RSV vaccine, 14 who had received a similarly prepared inactivated parainfluenza 1 vaccine, and 5 who received a trivalent parainfluenza vaccine. Twelve of the RSV vaccinees and 14 of the parainfluenza vaccinees had been naturally infected with RSV as indicated by virus recovery and/or antibody rise between the time of vaccination and the lymphocyte studies. In comparing the arithmetic mean for RSV-specific transformation and mitotic activity there was a significant difference between RSV vaccinees and parainfluenza vaccinees whether one compared those who had undergone natural RSV infection or those who had not undergone natural infection. The difference between RSV vaccinees who had not undergone natural RSV infection and RSV-infected parainfluenza vaccinees also was significant. There was a greater level of transformation and mitotic activity in those who had experienced natural infection than those who had not among both RSV vaccinees and parainfluenza vaccinees, but these differences were not significant statistically. PMID- 1246466 TI - Brain glucose utilization in undernourished rats. AB - The in vivo incorporation of radioactivity from [U-14C]glucose was reduced in undernourished rat pups at ages 6, 10, and 17 days for brain lipids, and at age 10 days for brain amino acids. Brain glucose concentrations were lower at age 20 days (controls 1.58 +/- 0.26 vs. test 1.14 +/- 0.07 mumol/g) but other alterations in brain glucose, glycogen, ATP, or phosphocreatine concentrations were not found. Brain mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity was 21% and 30% lower in undernourished animals at ages 10 and 20 days, respectively. Brain mitochondrial and supernatant isocitrate dehydrogenase activities and pyruvate kinase activity were similar for undernourished and control animals. Brain glycogen levels were 2-4 times higher in late fetal and newborn control animals (13.6 and 15.3 mumol/g) than in older animals (4.2-5.7 mumol/g). Brain glucose, ATP, and phosphocreatine levels increased from the 15-day fetus to the newborn, but thereafter showed no further increase. PMID- 1246467 TI - A longitudinal study of total body potassium in normal breastfed and bottle-fed infants. AB - In a previous publication we predicted that growth as measured by 40K is best described by comparison of the semilog function of total body potassium (TBK) vs. length with a slope that differs in infants from that of children aged 3-18 years. Data for 84 infants having three or more measurements during the first year of life attest to this hypothesis, with a regression line for TBK and length: loge K, g = -0.265 + 0.04112 length in centimeters. PMID- 1246468 TI - The postnatal hypotransferrinemia of early preterm newborn infants. AB - Preterm newborns were found to be markedly hypotransferrinemic when compared with normal term infants. At birth the concentration of transferrin in sera from preterm infants of gestational age equal to or less than 32 weeks is 45% of that found in normal term infant sera. The preterm infant transferrin levels slowly rise so that 7-8 weeks after birth they are 78% of the level found in the sera of normal term infants. We also found that the serum transferrin concentrations at birth correlate with gestational age. Therefore, the transferrin levels postnatally in early preterm infants reflect postconceptional rather than postnatal age. PMID- 1246469 TI - The influence of age on cardiac refractory periods in man. AB - As age is a determinant of cardiac refractory periods, this communication describes changes of refractory periods in an age continuum of infants, children and adults, 7 months through 77 years. Seventy patients with evidence of normal A V conduction on scalar electrocardiogram were included. The patients were divided into six age groups: less than 2 years, 3-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, 16-30 years, and greater than 30 years. Extrastimulus technique was used to determine refractory periods in sinus rhythm or at longest cycle length assuring atrial capture, then at shorter cycle lengths. Cycle lengths (CL) for each age group were divided into ranges: CL1, 1,000-600 msec; CL2, 599-460 msec; CL3, less than 459 msec. Refractory periods at the three CL's within each age group were determined. Full recovery times of the A-V node within groups of children were determined. Statistical significance of the data was found by analysis of variance. The younger group tended to have shorter values than the older groups (F less than 0.05-0.001). PMID- 1246470 TI - High speed cinemicrographic studies on rabbit tracheal (ciliated) epithelia: determination of the beat pattern of tracheal cilia. AB - High speed cinemicrographs reveal that the ciliary configuration and beat pattern of rabbit tracheal cilia differ significantly from classid descriptions, although the basic forward and return pattern is still observed. The tracheal cilia are short and stout (about 6 mum in length) and are of a slightly bent original configuration bent original configuration. At the start of the forward stroke, the cilia bear about 75-90 degrees to the epithelial surface in the direction of the forward stroke. The forward stroke is planar and consists of a simple "bowing" movement, without showing any progressive bending and without changing the original ciliary configuration. The complete forward stroke sweeps through an arc of about 35-40 degrees, with the tips of the cilia penetrating the bottom of the mucous layer through an arc of about 5-8 degrees at the start of each forward stroke. The return stroke starts from close to the epithelial surface and returns to the starting position of the forward stroke by reversing the planer forward pathway at a reduced speed. The stout nature of the cilia, the original bent ciliary configuration, the near vertical starting position of the forward stroke, the extent of the angular sweeps of the strokes, the peculiar "bowing" forward stroke movement, and the nature of the return stroke all serve to enhance efficiency in moving fluid forward. It has been documented that each forward stroke of the tracheal cilia caused and maintains a swift forward movement of the intermediate serous (liquid) layer of the mucociliary system. This movement, in turn, reacts hydrodynamically with the top mucous layer, and together with the clawing action of the tips of the cilia at the start of the forward stroke, causes the mucous layer to move cephalad in the manner of a conveyor belt. PMID- 1246471 TI - High speed cinemicrographic studies on rabbit tracheal (ciliated) epithelia: cytolytic effect of cystic fibrosis serum on tracheal epithelial cells. AB - High speed cinemicrographs are made on the ciliary activity of rabbit tracheal cilia with the aid of Nomarski optics. The detailed nature of the ciliary beat pattern is determined from slow motion analysis of the high speed cinemicrographs (1-3). Such documented forms of ciliary beat pattern and the physiologic state of the tracheal epithelia are utilized as basic reference controls to investigate the physiologic effects of cystic fibrosis serum on ciliated epithelia and the cystic fibrosis tracheal mucus stagnation phenomenon. Careful analyses of the high speed cinemicrographs reveal that cystic fibrosis serum has no effect on the rhythm and beat pattern of rabbit tracheal cilia. However, it is shown in controlled procedures that cystic fibrosis serum has a cytolytic effect on the tracheal epithelial cells and also at the cell junctions. Ciliary dyskinesis, as described in previous reports (6-9), is actually a secondary effect of cytolysis and cell destruction. PMID- 1246472 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the stomach in the newborn: clinical and experimental evaluation. AB - Our study presents an experimental model for studying gastric rupture in the newborn. We showed that gastric rupture could be produced in eight newborn rodents and in three puppies less than 10 days old after injection of 120 ml air at 100 mm Hg pressure in the rodents and 175 ml air at 240 mm Hg pressure in the puppies. Gastric rupture occurred with animals supine and with approximately 20 ml barium injected into the stomach. Positioning of the animal in the supine position permitted the barium to pool in the antral-pyloric region of the stomach. PMID- 1246473 TI - [Autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis and chronic glomerulonephritis in children infected with hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 1246474 TI - [Serum lysozyme activity in children with acute diarrhea]. PMID- 1246475 TI - [Serum and stool immunoglobulins in enteropathies in children]. PMID- 1246476 TI - [Remote results of plastic surgery of the mitral valve in children]. PMID- 1246478 TI - [Congenital varicella]. PMID- 1246477 TI - [Recurrent pains of extremities and abdomen as well as headaches in children from elementary schools in the City of Lublin]. PMID- 1246479 TI - [Alport's syndrome in a 16-year-old boy]. PMID- 1246480 TI - [Ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia with loss of consciousness and prolongation of QT in the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 1246481 TI - [Radioisotope localization of the placenta from a pediatrician's standpoint]. PMID- 1246482 TI - [Ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia with prolongation of QT (the Romano-Ward syndrome)]. PMID- 1246484 TI - [Profile of diseases in 5 selected hospitals in industrial-agricultural regions]. PMID- 1246483 TI - [Peripheral blood lymphocytes in electron microscopy scanning in premature infants and infants born at term]. PMID- 1246485 TI - Lysine malabsorption syndrome: a new type of transport defect. AB - A 21-month-old girl with physical and mental retardation is described. She excreted an increased amount of lysine in urine but no excessive quantities of arginine, ornithine, or cystine. Serum level of lysine was found to be low but the levels of the other amino acids were within normal limits. The endogenous renal clearance rates of amino acids showed a marked high value of lysine and normal values of the other dibasic amino acids. Oral loading test of amino acids revealed an imparied absorption of lysine and normal absorption of arginine, ornithine, and cystine in the intestine. These results indicate a specific defect in transport of lysine in the intestine as well as in the renal tubule. PMID- 1246486 TI - Diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum by radioisotope scanning. AB - The clinical illness observed in a 5-month-old infant with Meckel's diverticulum is described. A sodium pertechnetate radioisotope scan was employed to confirm the clinical impression. The technical procedure, evaluation, and importance of the radioisotope study is discussed. PMID- 1246487 TI - Etiology of respiratory tract infections in children in Cali, Colombia. AB - One hundred eighty children hospitalized for acute respiratory disease were studied in Cali, Colombia. In the majority of patients, pneumonia was the reason for hospitalization and remained the final diagnosis. Fifty-one cases of pneumonia of indeterminate etiology comprised the largest single diagnostic category, followed by 38 cases of pneumonia associated with measles, and 22 cases assocaited with serologic evidence of infection with other viral agents or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Etiologic diagnosis could be assigned with a reasonable degree of confidence in 116 of the 180 patients (64%). The laboratory procedure found most likely to provide the etiologic diagnosis in this series was paired sera specimens for demonstration of rise in antibody titer against the common viral respiratory pathogens. Those most frequently implicated serologically as etiologic agents in the cases studied were, in order of decreasing frequency, measles, influenza, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses. PMID- 1246488 TI - Hepatic hemangioendothelioma: hemodynamic observations and treatment. AB - The clinical course of five infants with heptic hemangioendothelioma is reviewed. Hemodynamic abnormalities observed at cardiac catheterization included an increased cardiac output (range, 9.2 to 10.5 liters/min/sq m) with over 50% of this output being shunted through the arteriovenous malformation, an elevated right and left end diastolic pressure (8 to 10 mm Hg and 9 to 15 mm Hg respectively), a small systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary outflow tract (4 to 6 mm Hg), and mild elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (range, 35/16 to 37/12 mm Hg). All four patients treated with prednisone improved while on therapy; three are well one to three years after cessation of therapy. One patient died from unrecognized congestive heart failure following discontinuation of prednisone and another before prednisone was started. We conclude that prednisone in high doses (2 to 4 mg/kg/day) with the addition of digitalis and diuretics for control of congestive heart failure is an effective treatment regimen for infants with hepatic hemangioendothelioma. PMID- 1246489 TI - Rapid diagnosis of iron deficiency by measurement of free erythrocyte porphyrins and hemoglobin: the FEP/hemoglobin ratio. AB - The concentration of free erythrocyte prophyrins (FEP) and of hemoglobin can be measured on blood samples spotted on filter paper. The FEP/hemoglobin ratio in iron deficiency increases exponentially with a decrease of both transferrin saturation and hemoglobin level. The FEP/hemoglobin is an indicator of imparied heme synthesis. In small children an elevation of the FEP/hemoglobin ratio is a better indicator of iron-deficiency anemia than low transferrin saturation. The FEP/hemoglobin ratio is normal in thalassemia trait and renal anemia but it may be elevated in sickle-cell anemia. Measurement of FEP and hemoglobin on filter paper provides a useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of iron deficiency, of anemia, and (in populations at risk) of leas intoxication. PMID- 1246490 TI - Exaggerated natural measles following attenuated virus immunization. AB - An adolescent girl, devoid of a detectable humoral immunity to measles virus despite two inoculations of live, attenuated vaccine, developed an exaggerated atypical rubeola illness following exposure to wild virus. This observation suggests that attenuated virus may be capable of immunologically sensitizing some individuals as has been described with killed virus vaccine. PMID- 1246491 TI - Presumptive histoplasmosis presenting as cerebellar ataxia with spontaneous recovery. PMID- 1246492 TI - Acute epiglottitis in children-treatment with nasotracheal intubation: report of 14 consecutive cases. AB - Fourteen consecutive cases of acute epiglottitis were treated by nasotracheal intubation during a ten-month period. The duration of intubation averaged 47.2 hours. No mortality or morbidity occurred. Mean hospitalization was 4.6 days. This study demonstrates the ease of maintaining an assured airway by nasotracheal intubation in cases of acute epiglottitis. PMID- 1246494 TI - Letter: Guidelines for health screening. PMID- 1246493 TI - Cyanosis, cough, and hypotension following intravenous administration of paraldehyde. AB - Clinical and roentgenorgraphic evidence of pulmonary edema developed following the intravenous administration of paraldehyde to a child. Experimental and clinical evidence indicate that administration of undiluted paraldehyde intravenously is hazardous. PMID- 1246495 TI - Letter: Questions safety of ultrasound. PMID- 1246496 TI - Letter: A note of caution. PMID- 1246497 TI - Letter: Danger of Actifed-C. PMID- 1246499 TI - Letter: Where are the pediatricians? PMID- 1246498 TI - Letter: Corticosteroids and brain growth. PMID- 1246500 TI - Letter: Questions regarding arginine hydrochloride inhalation. PMID- 1246501 TI - Where's the hyperactive child going? PMID- 1246502 TI - The spectrum of growing skull fracture in children. AB - The genesis and complications of the growing skull fracture in children is discussed. Four patients are presented to illustrate the common and uncommon features of growing skull fractures. The need for complete radiological evaluation as well as the timing of follow-up examinations is stressed. PMID- 1246503 TI - Hyperkinetic behaviors and learning disabilities followed over seven years. AB - A seven-year follow-up study of 500 children was conducted by teacher questionnaire in the second, fourth, and fifth grades for the presence of behavior problems and learning disabilities. These children represent all the second-graders in a number of rural school districts. The three scores on each child were summed. The 20% of children with the highest scores (i.e., most symptoms or disabilities) showed a rate of behavioral or academic maladjustment in ninth grade of 35%. The 30% of children with the lowest scores (i.e., fewest symptoms or disabilities) did not have a single member functioning poorly in ninth grade. Of the group between the 30th and 70th percentile, 5% were adapting poorly and most of their scores placed them in the upper range. Consistent correlations are also shown when the group is divided according to IQ, grade point average, and school systems. PMID- 1246504 TI - Oxygen toxicity in the newborn lung: reversal of inhibition of DNA synthesis in the mouse. AB - Continuous exposure to 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure for two weeks causes significant alterations in the growth of the lung and the body of newborn mice. These changes can be divided into three phases. The initial phase, which lasts 96 hours, is characterized by inhibition of lung DNA synthesis, diminished total lung DNA, and a decrease in the ratio of lung DNA to body weight. The intermediate phase from 96 to 144 hours is characterized by a sharp increase in mortality, a plateau in body weight, and a minimal lung DNA/body weight ratio. During this period, however, surviving animals show a reversal of the inhibition of DNA synthesis and thus an increase in total lung DNA. The third phase, occurring after 144 hours, is characterized by a continued increase in DNA synthesis and total lung DNA, a gain in body weight, a return of the lung DNA/body weight ratio to control levels, and a sharp decline in mortality. The survival rate of 54% in newborn mice over two weeks contrasts with the near total mortality reported for adult experimental animals similarly exposed. The reversal of the inhibition of lung DNA synthesis in surviving mice suggests either that some newborn animals are inherently resistant to pulmonary oxygen toxicity or that they develop, during a critical exposure period, an adaptive process necessary for their survival. PMID- 1246506 TI - Cardiovascular malformations associated with tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia. AB - Cardiovascular malformations were present in 48 of 326 (14.7%) patients with tracheoesophageal fistula. The most common cardiac lesion was ventricular septal defect. When tracheoesophageal fistula or esophageal atresia was associated with other gastrointestinal anomalies, tetralogy of Fallot and atrial septal defect were very frequent; when skeletal anomalies were present, the cardiac malformations were usually complex. The hospital mortality in infants with tracheoesophageal fistula and cardiovascular malformations is 79% in contrast to 23% for infants without cardiac abnormalities. PMID- 1246505 TI - Longitudinal observations of the relationship between free erythrocyte porphyrins and whole blood lead. AB - Short- and long-term comparison of the variations with time of whole blood lead and free erythrocyte porphyrins (FEP) suggests that changes in FEP are slow and predictable whereas blood lead changes are quite unpredictable. However, when FEP suggests a different clinical category from blood lead, the blood lead is likely to change in the direction predicted by the FEP. Comparison of FEP to blood lead at first contact in 349 children with mild elevation of blood lead reliably predicted which children would still have elevated blood lead six weeks later and which would fall or be normal. The observation of long-term follow-up in four groups of children with various combinations of FEP and blood lead indicated that the follow-up blood lead could be predicted to change in the direction indicated by the FEP measurement. The implications for screening for lead poisoning are discussed. PMID- 1246507 TI - Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Cardiovascular abnormalities were present in 11 of 48 (23%) patients with congeital diaphragmatic hernia. Cardiac abnormalities included congenital heart disease, compression of a major vascular structure, cardiac malposition, and abnormalities in pulmonary circulation. The differential diagnosis between isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and coexisting cardiac abnormality may be difficult and may require echocardiographic or invasive studies. Mortality in infants with diaphragmatic hernia and cardiovascular abnormalities is 73% in contrast to 27% in those without cardiac abnormalities. PMID- 1246508 TI - Generalized lymphadenopathy and nephrotic syndrome as a manifestation of mephenytoin (mesantoin) toxicity. AB - This report describes a patient who developed marked generalized adenopathy and nephrotic syndrome while receiving mephenytoin (mesantoin) for a seizure disorder. Renal biopsy showed a diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Lymph node histopathology revealed replacement of parenchyma with lymphocytes, eosinophils, and reticuloendothelial cells. A hypersensitivity reaction is postulated as the etiology of both these processes. PMID- 1246509 TI - [Editorial: Medical communication--a challenge]. PMID- 1246510 TI - [Education in public health sciences at the faculty of medicine at Tampere]. AB - A large public health institute - one of the three at Tampere - handles the instruction in subjects related to behaviour and community medicine. The students meet patients already in the first term during the group instruction, take part in educational visits, and work for several different periods with the health and sick-care services. In the third year, 30 hours are devoted to a course on the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 1246511 TI - [Education in medical psychology--goals, contents and means]. AB - Education in medical psychology is now being extended to include 56 hours at the Faculty of Medicine at Copenhagen University. 26 hours are devoted to lectures during the first term, and a one-week intensive course comprising 30 hours is given during the sixth term. The training concentrates on problem solving, and studies comprise, among other things, TV-instruction, case histories, and group and panel debates. PMID- 1246512 TI - [Education in medical psychology and community medicine at Karolinska Institutet]. AB - In connection with experiments for the first three years of study the instruction in medical psychology and community medicine has been widened to comprise a total of seven weeks, three during the first term (lectures on basic principles, days devoted to field work, group work), three at the end of the fifth term, and a total of one week's instruction at various times during the sixth term, when the students are given more direct preparation for contacts with patients. PMID- 1246514 TI - [Behavioural sciences in basic medical education]. AB - In Oslo, instruction in medical psychology and sociology is to be widened to include approximately one term's training during the first year of study, in other words about 200 hours in all. An institute for medical behavioural sciences is to be established. Group training is being planned, and attempts will be made to create clinical relevance by linking up the instruction with everyday situtations met by the doctor. PMID- 1246513 TI - [Eduction in community medicine in Iceland]. AB - Instruction at health centres and in the home environment, which are important features of the psychological and social sections of medical education, has been neglected. Students are prepared for good relations with the patient only by means of a few isolated lectures and through the example provided by organ centred hospital specialists. PMID- 1246515 TI - [Community medicine at the faculty of medicine at Tromso]. AB - About 17 per cent of the whole period of the medical study at Tromso is devoted to training in community medicine, which is combined with the other medical courses and spread out over the whole period. Courses include medical sociology, general and social medicine, psychiatry-psychology, epidemiology-statistics and preventive medicine. The students meet patients undergoing care at an early stage in the training, and work in groups with individual patients. PMID- 1246516 TI - Nursing manpower. 1. A sound statistical base for policy making. PMID- 1246517 TI - Shopping for '76. PMID- 1246518 TI - A last look at last year. PMID- 1246519 TI - Refresher course: pharyngitis. PMID- 1246520 TI - Nursing care study. Hydatid disease in humans. PMID- 1246521 TI - Spinal tumours. 2. Symptoms and signs. PMID- 1246522 TI - How drugs act. 28. Drug interactions. PMID- 1246523 TI - Over to you. PMID- 1246524 TI - Matter of fact. PMID- 1246525 TI - NHS management courses--whose responsibility? PMID- 1246526 TI - Early physical treatment for the stroke patient. PMID- 1246527 TI - Obesity clinic. 2. Treatment of refractory patients. PMID- 1246528 TI - Hypothermia in kidney surgery. PMID- 1246529 TI - Carcinoma of the bronchus. 1. Incidence and aetiology. PMID- 1246530 TI - How does leukemia invade the central nervous system? AB - Prolongation of survival of children with acute leukemia by systemic therapy has brought a marded increase in incidence of CNS leukemia. In mice inoculated with leukemia cells, CNS i nfiltrates are rare unless life is prolonged by chemotherapy. Available evidence seems to indicate that leukemic cells in the CNS in most cases originate in bone marrow or lymph nodes. PMID- 1246531 TI - Symposium: Controlling diabetes mellitus with diet therapy. Introduction. Managing diabetes. PMID- 1246532 TI - Symposium: Controlling diabetes mellitus with diet therapy. AB - The effectiveness of caloric restriction and weight reduction in lowering the blood sugar level in obese diabetics has been rediscovered. The twin goals of attaining and maintaining ideal body weight and normoglycemia can be achieved through diet therapy in about 80% of patients who are intensively educated and continuously monitored by a well informed, highly motivated team of physician, dietitian, and nurse. It appears that chronic insulin therapy should be reserved for hyperglycemic individuals who are pregnant or who are at or below ideal body weight, for persons with juvenile onset diabetes who are obviously insulin dependent, and for acutely decompensated diabetics. PMID- 1246533 TI - Managing insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - About 95% of insulin-dependent diabetics can be managed satisfactorily with one or a combination of the follwoing insulin preparations: single-peak U-100 beef pork NPH, Lente, and Regular. Complications of insulin therapy are commonly attributable to poor regulation of insulin dosage, irregular or excessive food intake, or unusual physical activity. One form of hyperglycemia is induced by insulin. Generalized allergic reactions to insulin sometimes require desensitization. Insulin-resistant patients are treated with a glucocorticoid. PMID- 1246534 TI - Use of oral agents in treating diabetes mellitus a perspective. AB - A comprehensive study by the University Group Diabetes Program compared the effects of therapy with oral antidiabetic agents, insulin, and placebo in patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Results showed an increased number of deaths, particularly due to cardiovascular diseases, among patients receiving oral agents. In spite of these findings, therapeutic recommendations have changed only slightly. An FDA proposal recommends moderate labeling changes. When possible, control of diabetes with diet alone should be attempted. If this is unsuccessful, an oral sulfonylurea should be added to the regimen. If glucose and lipid levels remain high after six months of such therapy, insulin should be used. PMID- 1246535 TI - Neuropathic and vascular complications occurring in diabetes. AB - Vascular and neuropathic complications of diabetes are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common diabetic neuropathy. Treatment of the mononeuropathies consists of pain control and physical therapy to maintain muscle tone. Prognosis for recovery is excellent. Renal and retinal microangiopathy produce most of the clinically significant mortality and morbidity in diabetes. Recent advances in chronic hemodialysis and renal transplantation have improved the outlook for diabetics with end-stage nephropathy. The poor prognosis for retention of vision in diabetic malignant retinopathy has led to exploration of various forms of palliative therapy, including pituitary ablation, xenon arc coagulation, and laser treatment. Cardiovascular disease is more prevalent among diabetics than among the general population, according to a recent study, and mortality from this cause is three times higher. Animal studies linking aortic wall metabolism and atherosclerotic changes with hyperglycemia suggest that poor control of diabetes may play a role in the development of vascular lesions. PMID- 1246536 TI - Gaseous indigestion reviewing the record. AB - Patients who complain of gaseous indigestion may be more sensitive to an underlying intestinal motor abnormality than are others with similar dysfunction. Modifications in living and eating habits are basic steps that can be taken to relieve the problem; drugs that alter intestinal activity or responses may be effective. PMID- 1246537 TI - The expanding classroom trends and issues in postgraduate medicine. Why self assessment? AB - Self-assessment can provide more than a direction for independent study and credit toward recertification. It can also provide an effective learning experience if the instruments are designed to serve an instructional purpose as well as the more traditional measurement function. Based on existing research, the characteristics of self-assessment instruments--questioning, controlling attention, elucidating objectives, evoking performance, and assessing outcomes- can enhance the learning and retention of new material. PMID- 1246538 TI - Eye disorders. Retinopathy. What to expect in the diabetic patient. AB - Two forms of diabetic retinopathy are recognized clinically--nonproliferative and proliferative. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, retinal edema, cotton-wool spots, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. The general outlook is optimistic, and most people with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy will maintain useful vision for a long time. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by formation of neovascular tissue on the surface of the retina or optic disk. Aspirin, photocoagulation, or vitrectomy may be used in treatment, depending on the type of retinopathy and its stage of progression. PMID- 1246539 TI - Office gynecology. Relieving dyspareunia. AB - Effective treatment of dyspareunia can be a simple matter of reassuring the patient or conferring with her sexual partner. Or it may require vaginal dilation, use of lubricant or estrogenic cream, or surgery. Psychogenic dyspareunia is relatively uncommon. PMID- 1246540 TI - Surgery. Cornstarch peritonitis following the trail of the surgeon's gloves. AB - Granulomatous inflammation of the peritoneal surfaces resulting from exposure to cornstarch granules from surgical gloves produces a syndrome of abdominal pair, adynamic ileus, fever, peritonitis, variable white blood cell count, and inflammatory ascites. Symptoms develop three to four weeks after a routine abdominal surgical procedure. Recognition of this entity by nonsurgical means is necessary to avoid reoperation. Paracentesis with examination of fluid by polarized light offers the best method of non-surgical diagnosis. Treatment is with steroids or indomethacin or conservative measures. To prevent the disease, gloves must be washed effectively before operation. PMID- 1246541 TI - Case report. Propranolol-induced lupus syndrome? PMID- 1246542 TI - Viral hepatitis--a primer. 2. Prevention and control. AB - The clinical differentiation of hepatitis A from hepatitis B is often impossible, and only a finding of hepatitis B surface antigen in blood allows the presence of hepatitis B to be definitely diagnosed. Heaptitis A is most easily contracted via the fecal-oral route, while hepatitis B is usually transmitted percutaneously, especially by inoculation with contaminated instruments. Because viral hepatitis has a long incubation period, controlling its spread is difficult. Prevention and control have traditionally depended on general public health measures, and for hepatitis A, passive immunization with immune serum globulin. Promising research is now being conducted to develop vaccines for both active and passive immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 1246543 TI - Venous disease. Advances in objective diagnosis. AB - A number of newer noninvasive or minimally invasive diagnostic techniques overcome the inaccuracies of clinical diagnosis of venous disease. Among these are Doppler ultrasound; plethysmography, especially the strain-gauge technique; the 125I fibrinogen uptake test; and radionuclide phlebography. Contrast phlebography is still the procedure of choice when diagnostic controversy remains or when facilities for the other techniques are not available. PMID- 1246544 TI - Educational programs leading to professional qualification in physical therapy. PMID- 1246545 TI - Theses and dissertations. PMID- 1246546 TI - Listening in the helping relationship. AB - Physical therapists have been reported to spend nearly one-quarter of their time with patients in listening or talking. Listening is an important tool for observation and a valuable information gathering medium. Interference with effective listening occurs when 1) the listener is unwilling to listen, 2) the listener attends only to what he wishes to hear, 3) the listener's thoughts wander, and 4) a language difference exists. Guidelines are provided for control of these problems within the context of physical therapy. PMID- 1246547 TI - Interacting with computer personnel in performing clinical rehabilitation research. AB - Computer usage by physical therapists performing clinical research is becoming a reality. In this article, the basic computer operations are discussed with emphasis placed upon the way in which the physical therapist may interact with knowledgeable computer personnel during the formulation and execution of a hypothetical research problem. Some essential points concerning the therapist's expectations from computer analysis of research data are provided. PMID- 1246548 TI - Hyperextension complicating total knee replacement. AB - An elderly man with bilateral total knee replacements had an unusual hyperextension probelm complicating one knee prosthesis. A new type of orthosis which was fitted to the patient corrected the hyperextension. The management of the patient is described. The goal of treatment was to help this man become ambulatory and independent in activities of daily living. He progressed sufficiently to return to his own apartment in the city where he lives alone. PMID- 1246549 TI - Measurement screen for leg length and scoliosis. PMID- 1246550 TI - Modified goniometer for the knee joint. PMID- 1246551 TI - Fluid secretion in the nephron: Relation to renal failure. AB - It had been generally accepted that glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption were the basic modes of fluid transport in mammalian nephrons. Recently, evidence was obtained to indicate that net fluid secretion may occur in mammalian nephrons as well. In the pars recta portion of proximal tubules of rabbit kidney net fluid secretion was observed in vitro in response to PAH and other aryl acids in the peritubular bathing medium. Net fluid secretion appeared to be coupled to the transcellular transport of aryl acid from bath to lumen. Serum from uremic subjects stimulated net fluid secretion in the pars recta in a manner similar to PAH. The accumulation of high levels of endogenous aryl acids may contribute to the general organ dysfunction that is a part of the uremic syndrome of advanced renal insufficiency. Futhermore, there is evidence to suggest that the fluid-secretion phenomenon in association with aryl acids may significantly affect renal excretion and morphology in slow-flow states, in patients with cystic kidney disease, and in obstructive nephropathy. PMID- 1246552 TI - Spoken words in dreams a critique of the views of Otto Isakower. AB - In 1974 Baudry confirmed Isakower's original and important concept that the spoken word in dreams may be a manifestation of the superego, but found that this is not always true and that there may be important contributions from drive and defense, according to the principle of multiple function. The particular type of dream speech most emphasized by Isakower--that characterized by a portentous, threatening, awe-inspiring, oracular tone--is extremely rare in dreams but may be observed in certain waking phenomena, e.g., psychotic delusions of self observation or situations of life-threatening stress. PMID- 1246553 TI - Perceptual registration of the analyst outside of awareness. PMID- 1246554 TI - A note on silent gratifications. PMID- 1246555 TI - Lessons from Watergate. A derivative for psychoanalysis. AB - Periods of social upheaval, by revealing aspects of behavior ordinarily repressed, provide an opportunity for deepening out insights into the nature of man. The searing experience of Watergate is viewed not as the psychopathology of a man, or the group psychology of forty men under the ex-President, but as reflecting psychic processes at the base of the population pyramid. The people supported Nixon for a quarter century during which his character traits were known, and were in collusion with the cover-up to the end during the two and half years of Watergate. The theory is advanced that this was due to an identification with Nixon based on the universal wish to triumph over the superego. Ego-superego conflicts are as ubiquitous and ongoing in mental life as the struggle between ego and id. The latter results in neuroses, the former in compromises of integrity. The 'syndrome of the compromise of integrity' is on a par with neurosis in human affairs. PMID- 1246556 TI - Notes on shamelessness. AB - The effect of the decline of the sense of shame on the individual and on society is discussed. It is postulated that when the element of shame is changed in relation to instinctual drives, the later power of shame in preserving social cohesion is weakened, and a regression in some important functions of the ego results. PMID- 1246557 TI - Proceedings: Introduction to the symposium on systematic studies with psychoactive drugs--new methods in the assessment of change. PMID- 1246558 TI - Ethical and legal implications of investigations into the efficacy of psychiatric treatments. PMID- 1246560 TI - Acute lethality after fast-neutron and x-irradiation of Tribolium confusum. PMID- 1246561 TI - Chemical protection against radiation-induced DNA single-strand breaks in cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 1246559 TI - Measured radial distributions of dose and LET for alpha and proton beams in hydrogen and tissue-equivalent gas. PMID- 1246562 TI - Use of track-end alpha particles from 241Am to study radiosensitive sites in CHO cells. PMID- 1246563 TI - Polyfunctional radiosensitizers. I. Effects of a nitroxyl biradical on the survival of mammalian cells in vitro. PMID- 1246565 TI - RBE as a function of neutron energy. II. Statistical analysis. PMID- 1246564 TI - Effects of 60Co gamma-radiation on the hepatic and cerebral levels of some prostaglandins. PMID- 1246566 TI - Letter: Human cell survival as a function of depth for a high-energy neon ion beam. PMID- 1246567 TI - A comparison of LiF and FeSO4 dosimetry with cavity theory for high-energy electrons. PMID- 1246568 TI - Gamma-irradiation of lima bean protease inhibitor in dilute aqueous solutions. PMID- 1246569 TI - Effects of gamma irradiation of the structure and function of human hemoglobin. PMID- 1246570 TI - Collagen content of lungs of mice after x-ray irradiation. PMID- 1246571 TI - The response of Chinese hamster ovary cells to fast neutron radiotherapy beams. I. Relative biological effectiveness and oxygen enhancement ratio. PMID- 1246572 TI - Effects of low-level (1.0 R) x-irradiation on the erythroid response of the rat bone marrow. PMID- 1246573 TI - Who needs darkrooms? AB - With the advent of recent developments in film manufacturing and experience with photographic filters, the possibility that the traditional x-ray darkroom may no longer be necessary, has been raised. The authors present their experiments using various light filters and film and suggest that with the use of various combinations of lights, films and small tabletop film processors now on the market the darkroom is indeed no longer necessary. Consequently, the elimination of the expense and space for planning darkrooms in new facilities, or replacing them in existing facilities, is a feasible possibility at this time. PMID- 1246574 TI - How patients view the efficient use of diagnostic radiation. AB - Patients who are subjected to diagnostic x rays sometimes feel victimized by their dependence on large and very complex medical-care systems which treat them with over-all indifference. Some of these individuals are confronted with physicians and dentists who seem to order radiographs without giving reasons, as well as with employers and hospitals who require radiographs without seeming to "need" them. Other patients feel that they are acting as guinea pigs in training programs to technologists who appear to require retakes because they are working in a rapid and slapdash manner. When questioned by patients, personnel who are responsible for ordering or conducting x-ray examinations often inform them that someone else in the system is responsible for any unnecessary radiation exposure. Patients, dentists, physicians, radiologists, technologists, health physicists, and radiation control officers all bear responsibility for the efficient use of diagnostic radiation. People working in these capacities should cooperate more closely in the mutual sharing of responsibility for the well-being of patients. PMID- 1246575 TI - Automatic correction of on-off error in telecobalt therapy. PMID- 1246576 TI - Medical-legal implications of angiography. AB - Since no member of the health-care team is immune to malpractice suits, technologists must be aware of their individual responsibilities and carry them out with utmost care. The increasing sophistication of equipment and radiologic techniques, such as are utilized in angiography, makes it even more imperative that technologists be alert to the legal implications and the standards of practice that all members of the team should follow to minimize the risks to the patient and to the team in terms of malpractice suits. PMID- 1246577 TI - Guidelines for the establishment of written agreements between colleges and clinical affiliates. AB - If a program in radiologic technology is to consist of a sponsoring institution with one or more clinical affiliates, it is necessary that each party understand and be willing to cooperate in this endeavor. However, understanding and cooperation are dependent upon the degree of involvement each has had in the decision-making process. Once responsibilities are decided upon, each party must agree to abide by the terms. It is with this in mind that we present some guidelines and a suggested format for written agreements. PMID- 1246578 TI - A disposable barium and air rectal tip. AB - To prevent leakage during the barium enemas the retention balloon is maintained in close apposition to the anorectal junction. This has been accomplished by using the counterpressure produced by simply allowing barium to flow into a small bag on the rectal tip adjacent to the anus. PMID- 1246579 TI - Progress in motor development of retarded cerebral palsied infants. PMID- 1246580 TI - Editorial: They learn too late. PMID- 1246581 TI - Editorial: Our problem moves into '76. PMID- 1246582 TI - Surgery of the upper extremity in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1246583 TI - Electrical injuries of the upper extremity. PMID- 1246584 TI - Glomerulitis and factor vii deficiency in Familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 1246585 TI - Sudden deafness. PMID- 1246586 TI - Asymptomatic chronic gonorrhea in a male patient. PMID- 1246588 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock. PMID- 1246587 TI - Fever of unknown origin--update. PMID- 1246589 TI - New "wall-less" ionization chamber for air dose measurement. PMID- 1246590 TI - Isoproterenol added during vasopressin administration provides cardiodynamic advantages. PMID- 1246591 TI - Changes in intestinal function following jejunoileal bypass in primates. PMID- 1246592 TI - Transected thoracic aorta: experience at one hospital. PMID- 1246593 TI - Diagnosis and management of strangulation obstruction of the small bowel in a community hospital. PMID- 1246594 TI - The biological clock of insects. PMID- 1246595 TI - The ethics of experimentation with human subjects. PMID- 1246596 TI - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. PMID- 1246597 TI - The decline of unplanned births in the United States. PMID- 1246598 TI - Breast cancer patients: substance in blood causing acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. AB - The frequency distribution curve of the erythrocyte sedimentation rates obtained from a population of 3523 normal females was compared with the distribution found in 544 patients with benign breast disease and that for 385 patients with carcinoma of the breast. No significant difference was found between the normal female population and patients with benign lesions of the breast. This was in contrast to the distorted distribution curve of erythrocyte sedimentation rates exhibited by the population of patients having malignant breast lesions. An unknown substance present in the blood plasma of the cancer patients appears to be responsible for the abnormal sedimentation rate phenomenon. PMID- 1246599 TI - Extracellular potassium accumulation and inward-going potassium rectification in voltage clamped ventricular muscle. AB - Measurements of afterpotential, action potential duration, and output of a potassium-sensitive microelectrode indicate that the application of long clamp pulses (1 to 8 seconds) to frog ventricular muscle is accompanied by a change in the extracellular potassium concentration. The plot of the magnitude of the potassium accumulation against the clamped membrane potential yields an N-shaped relation similar to the "steady state" current-voltage relation. The accumulation studies confirm a strong inward-going (anomalous) potassium rectification. PMID- 1246600 TI - Human heart and platelet actins are products of different genes. AB - The amino acid sequences of selected cyanogen bromide peptides from human blood platelet actin and human cardiac muscle actin were compared; it was found that, at position 129, platelet actin has threonine, and that cardiac muscle actin has valine. Thus human cytoplasmic and myofibrillar actins must be synthesized under the control of different genes. PMID- 1246601 TI - HeLa cultures defined. AB - A list is presented of references to all known publications on properties which have served to relate strains of HeLa cells to each other as well as to indict other purported human cell lines as HeLa cell contaminants. Eleven additional cell lines not previously indicted are described. When they exhibit (i) type A (fast) mobility for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, (ii) phosphoglucomutase type 1 at locus 1 and locus 3, (iii) absence of a Y chromosome by fluorescent staining, and (iv) possession of a complex of trypsin-Giemsa banded marker chromosomes present in known HeLa cells, then cell substrates regardless of designation should be considered de facto strains of HeLa. PMID- 1246602 TI - Phytoestrogens: adverse effects on reproduction in California quail. AB - Phytoestrogens, largely formononetin and genistein, are produced in the leaves of stunted desert annuals in a dry year. When ingested by California quail, these compounds apparently inhibit reproduction and prevent the production of young that will not have adequate food. In a wet year, forbs grow vigorously and phytoestrogenic substances are largely absent. Quail then breed prolifically and the abundant seed crop carries the enlarged population through the winter. PMID- 1246603 TI - Photochemical air pollution: transport from the New York City area into Connecticut and Massachusetts. AB - Photochemical air pollution resulting from primary emissions in the New York City metropolitan area is transported by prevailing winds on a 300-kilometer northeast trajectory through Connecticut and as far as northeastern Massachusetts. As a result, southwestern Connecticut has the highest ozone concentrations in the region and there is a substantial increase in ozone concentrations in Massachusetts. The ozone concentrations of air entering the New York City metropolitan area are often already above the federal standard of 0.08 part per million, but the concentration distribution is well below concentration distributions at downwind sites in Connecticut. PMID- 1246605 TI - Thermal lens technique: a new method of absorption spectroscopy. AB - Both a single beam and a dual beam (with synchronous detection) thermal lens technique have been employed in the measurement of "colorless" organic compounds in the range 15,700 to 17,400 cm-1. Combination overtones of C-H stretching vibrations in benzene have been identified and agree with previous results obtained by conventional spectroscopy with a long optical path. Extinction coefficients as low as 1 X 10(-6) liter mole-1 cm-1 have been accurately determined. The sensitivity of the technique has been further demonstrated by measuring the So leads to T1 absorption of anthracene; the spectrum compares favorably with results obtained by conventional techniques. PMID- 1246604 TI - Plant desiccation: polysome loss not due to ribonuclease. AB - During desiccation of the drought-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis polysome levels decline substantially before any increase in ribonuclease activity is observed. Furthermore, ribosomes in the desiccated moss are not complexed with messenger RNA fragments. It is concluded that ribosome runoff and failure to re-form an initiation complex mediate polysome loss during desiccation. PMID- 1246606 TI - Sulfoxide reduction in relation to organophosphorus insecticide detoxification. AB - Carbophenothion sulfoxide, an oxidative metabolite of carbophenothion, is reduced to carbophenothion in the living rat and by an in vitro system containing rat liver enzyme, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and flavin adenine dinu cleotide phosphate. Reduction of sulfoxides, formed metabolicially from certain commercial organophosphorus insecticides, may be important in ameliorating the toxicity of these compounds. PMID- 1246607 TI - Cytoplasmic microtubule organizing centers isolated from Polytomella agilis. AB - Basal body rootlets in Polytomella function as organizing centers for cytoplasmic microtbules in vivo. A method is described to isolate intact basal body-rootlet complexes. The integrity of the isolated complexes is confirmed by electron microscopy, and the rootlets are shown to be competent as initiation sites for the in vitro polymerization of brain microtubule protein. PMID- 1246608 TI - Voluntary nerve signals from severed mammalian nerves: long-term recordings. AB - An electrode unit capable of detecting voluntarily elicited nerve signals for prolonged periods of time has been developed and tested. The electrode unit has been implanted around the distal ends of severed sciatic and peroneal nerves in rabbits. This electrode may prove suitable for implantation in human amputees for the purpose of recording neural control signals to activate prostheses with many degrees of freedom. PMID- 1246609 TI - Selective production of cis- and trans-verbenol from (-)-and (+)-alpha by a bark beetle. AB - A unique biological system whereby optical isomers are selectively transformed to geometrical isomers is demonstrated in Ips paraconfusus. Exposure of adult male and female beetles to vapor of (-)-alpha-pinene resulted in the production of (+) cis-verbenol, a pheromone of this species, whereas (+)-alpha-pinene was oxidized to (+)-trans-verbenol. It appears, therefore, that the ability of a bark beetle to produce its aggregation pheromone can be governed by the chirality of a precursor in the host tree. PMID- 1246610 TI - The categories of hue in infancy. AB - Infant looking time was monitored during habituation to the repeated presentation of a wavelength stimulus selected from one basic adult hue category and after a change in stimulation. Recovery from habituation was greater to a wavelength selected from an adjacent hue category than to a wavelength from the same category even though these two stimuli were equally distant (in nanometers) from the habituation wavelength. Differential responding evidenced infants' categorical perception of hue; that is, infants see the physically continuous spectrum as divided into the hue categories of blue, green, yellow, and red. These results help to resolve the long-standing controversy surrounding the primacy of perception over language in the organization of hue. PMID- 1246612 TI - Premature specification of the retina in embryonic Xenopus eyes treated with ionophore X537A. AB - Eyes excised from Xenopus embryos at stages 24 to 25 were cultured for 4 to 6 hours in a medium containing the ionophore X537A or in a control medium. The eyes were implanted either upside down or normally in host embryos at stages 28 to 30, and their retinotectal projections were mapped after metamorphosis. Treatment with X537A prevented realignment of retinal axes in eyes implanted into hosts that were capable of producing retinal axial alignment in all control eyes. PMID- 1246611 TI - Specificity of neonatal, androgen-induced imprinting of hepatic steroid metabolism in rats. AB - The specificity of the neonatal, andreogen-induced, irreversible programming of hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat was investigated. 5-alpha Dihydrotestosterone propionate and estradiol benzoate were as efficient as testosterone propionate in inducing a male type of liver metabolism in the adult animal, whereas epitestosterone propionate, etiocholanolone propionate, and o,p' DDT were practically inactive in this respect. These findings indicate that different mechanisms are involved in neonatal imprinting of hepatic steroid metabolism and in the well-known neonatal androgenic and estrogenic induction of persistent estrus and acyclic gonadotropin secreqion. PMID- 1246613 TI - Attachment and penetration of miracidia observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Scanning electron microscopy can be utilized to understand more clearly many aspects of the parasite-host relationship of schistosome miracidia and their molluscan intermediate hosts. Specialized structures on the apical papilla of the miracicium, used for attachment and penetration, become visible in greater detail. PMID- 1246614 TI - Preneoplastic lesions in the human breast. AB - A subgross sampling technique with histological confirmation was used to study the pathology of 119 whole human breasts, either cancer-associated (that is, containing cancer or contralateral to a cancer) or taken from random routine autopsies. Atypical lobules were observed much more frequently in the cancer associated group than in the group of routine autopsy breasts. Atypical lobules showed varying degrees of anaplasia that formed a continuum between normal epithelium and carcinoma in situ, usually of the common ductal type. As apprarent markers for increased cancer risk, atypical lobules in the human breast may be homologous to hyperplastic alveolar nodules that are abundant in high mammary cancer strains of mice. This indirect evidence supports the hypothesis that atypical lesions are common preneoplastic lesions in the human mammary gland. PMID- 1246615 TI - Messenger RNA induction of fast sodium ion channels in cultured cardiac myoblasts. AB - Incubation with adult heart messenger RNA caused the appearance of fast sodium ion channels in young myocardial cells whose development has been arrested in vitro. The induction was blocked by cycloheximide, indicating dependence on protein synthesis. Thus, cardiac myoblasts can be made to differentiate in vitro, and membrane properties can be altered by exogenous RNA. PMID- 1246616 TI - Rapid oral mixing of glucose and saccharin by rats. AB - Within 5 minutes after initial contact rats show excessive consumption of a mixture of saccharin and glucose solutions. With a glucose solution in one bottle and the saccharin solution in another, a combination of which matches the above mixture, the rats also show large intakes. The pattern of drinking from the glucose and the saccharin bottles indicates that the rat mixes the solutions in rapid order, producing the preferred concentration of saccharin and glucose. PMID- 1246617 TI - Stress-induced hyperphagia and obesity in rats: a possible model for understanding human obesity. AB - Mild tail pinch administered to rats several times daily in the presence of sweetened mild induced immediate hyperphagia and led to considerable gain in body weight. Parallels are drawn with stress-induced hyperhagia and altered affective states in obese humans. PMID- 1246618 TI - Letter: Primate predation and bioenergetics. PMID- 1246619 TI - Structure, function, and evolutionary relationships of Fc domains of human immunoglobulins A, G, M, and E. AB - Human immunoglobulins, A, G, M, and E have strong homology in amino acid sequence (about 30 percent) distributed nonuniformly throughout the Fc region. Immunoglobulins M are A are least alike in the first Fc domain and most alike in the second. Individual domains of heavy chains have evolved with different mutation rates but with conservation of essential structural features. No relation of primary structure to complement binding ability is apparent. PMID- 1246620 TI - Genetic characteristics of the HeLa cell. AB - The genotype of the patient Henrietta Lacks from whose cervical carcinoma the HeLa cell was derived was deduced from the phenotypes of her husband and children, and from studies of the HeLa cell. Hemizygous expression of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase in HeLa, together with the deduced heterozygosity of Mrs. Lacks, is consistent with clonal origin of her neoplasm. PMID- 1246621 TI - Visual adaptation: effects of externally applied retinal on the light-adapted, isolated skate retina. AB - Incubation with externally applied 11-cis retinal induces a marked increase of visual sensitivity within partially bleached skate photoreceptors. This activity of 11-cis retinal is duplicated by 9-cis retinal, but not by all-trans retinal. The sensitization of photoreceptors promoted by 11-cis and 9-cis retinal is accompanied by the formation of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin, respectively. PMID- 1246622 TI - Habituation of reflexes in Aplysia: contribution of the peripheral and central nervous systems. AB - We studied the contribution of the Aplysia peripheral nervous system, in the siphon and gill, to habituation of the gill withdrawal reflex. After removal of one central ganglion, the parietovisceral, repeated stimulation of the siphon caused habituation of the reflex as it had with the ganglion intact, showing that there is a peripheral pathway between the siphon and gill with competence to mediate habituation. Repeated electrical stimulation of two efferent nerves to the gill, after removal of the parietovisceral ganglion, resulted in habituation of withdrawal movements, which shows that the terminals of the ganglion neurons in the gill are a site of habituation. Also, stimulation of one nerve dishabituates the withdrawal movements elicited by the other. These identify two sites of habituation in the gill in addition to sites in the parietovisceral ganglion. PMID- 1246623 TI - Apparent modification of forces between lecithin bilayers. AB - Small sugar solutes effect variation in the equilibrium separation of lecithin bilayers in aqueous solution. Since sugars have negligible influence on bilayer structure, they probably act by modifying interbilayer forces. The observed widening and narrowing of the bilayer separation is correlated with the predicted weakening and strengthening of the attractive van der Waals forces between lipid bilayers that occurs with increasing sugar concentrations. PMID- 1246624 TI - Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor in schizophrenia. AB - Schizophrenics maintained on a cereal grain-free and milk-free diet and receiving optimal treatment with neuropleptics showed an interruption or reversal of their therapeutic progress during a period of "blind" wheat gluten challenge. The exacerbation of the disease process was not due to variations in neuroleptic doses. After termination of the gluten challenge, the course of improvement was reinstated. The observed effects seemed to be due to a primary schizophrenia promoting effect of wheat gluten. PMID- 1246625 TI - Intracellular edema and dehydration: effects on energy metabolism in alveolar macrophages. AB - The effects of intracellular edema and dehydration on energy metabolism in alveolar macrophages were studied. Intracellular edema increased lactate production and reversibly decreased oxygen consumption. Dehydration caused no significant change in lactate production but irreversibly decreased oxygen consumption. These phenomena may be applicable to a wide variety of clinical problems including lung and brain edema. PMID- 1246626 TI - Niche shifts in sunfishes: experimental evidence and significance. AB - Three species of sunfishes segregate ecologically when stocked together in small ponds. When each species is stocked separately in replicate ponds, it exhibits competitive release through increases in growth rate and average food size. Niche shifts are indicated by convergence of these species to the same food habits in the absence of competitors. These shifts are due to phenotypic (behavioral) plasticity. The significance of niche flexibility is related to seasonal patterns in resource availability. PMID- 1246627 TI - Letter: Exchange of water during lactation. PMID- 1246628 TI - Reversal of acetylcholine potentials in eel electroplaque. AB - Although the eel electroplaque is a major source of purified acetylcholine (ACh) receptor, the electrophysiological properties of the receptor have not been studied in detail. In particular, the reversal potential for the action of ACh on the postsynaptic membrane has not been measured directly. In order to obtain the reversal potential, ACh was applied iontophoretically from a micropipette onto the innervated membrane. The resulting depolarization (ACh potential) decreased in amplitude as the cell was depolarized, reached zero at a reversal potential of about -4 millivolts, and then reversed in sign as the inside of the cell was made increasingly more postive. The relation between ACh potential amplitude and membrane potential was nonlinear because of a decrease with depolarization of the peak conductance change produced by the drug. PMID- 1246629 TI - Measurement of membrane protein lateral diffusion in single cells. AB - Fluorescence rapidly returns to spots bleached by a laser beam in the continuous fluorescence of cultured cells labeled on the surface with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The rate of recovery of fluorescence after bleaching can be interpreted as a measure of the lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins labeled with fluorescein. PMID- 1246630 TI - Vitamin A: not required for adrenal steroidogenesis in rats. AB - Previous work supporting the vitamin A dependency of adrenal function in rats neglected to take into account a secondary effect of the deficiency, a decrease in hepatic ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Vitamin A-depleted rats maintained on a diet free of ascorbate had a decrease in the activity of adrenal 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and extensive adrenocortical degeneration. The use of an ascorbate supplement prevented the symptoms. The results suggest that previous evidence for direct involvement of vitamin A in steroidogenesis may have been due to the production of a secondary deficiency, a chronic scorbutic condition. PMID- 1246631 TI - ABO blood groups and the hardy-weinberg equilibrium. PMID- 1246632 TI - "Serotonin depression"--a biochemical subgroup within the affective disorders? AB - The distribution of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of 68 depressed patients was bimodal. Twenty-nine percent of the patients were in the lower mode, with a concentration of 5-HIAA below 15 nanograms per milliliter. Although there were no differences in overall severity of depression between the two modes, there was a significant correlation between the concnetration of 5-HIAA and severity of depression in the lower, but not in the upper, mode. The finding suggests the existence of a biochemical subgroup of depressive disorder, characterized by a disturbance of serotonin turnover. PMID- 1246633 TI - Adrenaline-forming enzyme in brainstem: elevation in genetic and experimental hypertension. AB - The adrenaline-forming enzyme (phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) was elevated in the A1 and A2 regions of the brainstem of 4-week-old spontaneously (genetic) hypertensive rats and in the A1 region of adult experimentally (deoxycorticosterone acetate and sodium chloride) hypertensive rats. The administration of a phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor to experimentally hypertensive animals caused a reduction of the elevated blood pressure to normal values. These results implicate adrenaline-containing neurons in the brainstem in the development of hypertension. PMID- 1246634 TI - Color receptor identities of goldfish cones. AB - Goldfish retinas were exposed to spectral lights, then incubated with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride. Diformazan deposits revealed that five morphologically distinct cone types were segregated into three color classes: red long double and long single cones, green short double and long single cones, and blue short single and miniature short single cones. PMID- 1246635 TI - Timber: biological and economic potential. PMID- 1246636 TI - Pinhole imaging in Legg-Perthes disease: further observations. AB - Fifty-nine patients with Legg-Perthes disease and 12 others were studied using 99mTc-polyphosphate and the pinhole collimator imaging technique. Radiographs of both hips were correlated with images in each patient. In the Legg-Perthes patients, a radionuclide uptake deficiency of variable size was observed in the proximal femoral epiphysis (EOC), which we believe is related to varying degrees of impaired blood supply. During later disease stages, adjacent zones of increased radionuclide activity of revascularization were observed that would replace the uptake defect eventually. Unless radiographic evidence of new bone formation was observed in the EOC, it was impossible to predict either the presence or extent of revascularization until bone imaging was done. Those patients with revascularization activity in the EOC exhibited a relatively short time interval (average, 3.2 months) before evidence of new bone formation radiographically. Others with increased radionuclide concentration limited to the growth plate and/or metaphysis averaged a much longer 7.8 months. In two patients there was a reversal of the initially increased activity in the growth plate, suggesting another vascular insult. There were no false-negative bone-image findings in the 12 cases that clinically and/or radiologically simulated Legg Perthes disease. Our image studies correlate well with published histopathologic investigations, indicating to us that assessment of extent of pathologic involvement and of the disease course is facilitated by this technique. Subsequently, this could influence treatment selection and provide a more objective baseline from which to judge treatment results. Continued experience suggests pinhole bone imaging has useful clinical application in Legg-Perthes disease and other childhood hip disorders. PMID- 1246637 TI - The bone scan in inflammatory osseous disease. AB - The 99mTc-phosphate bone scan has become a sensitive, reliable, and safe method for evaluating the patient with suspected inflammatory disease of bone. The scan may become positive as early as the first 24 hr after the symptoms and 10-14 days before roentgenographic changes occur. It can be used to differentiate successfully a variety of diseases from osteomyelitis, and in conjunction with 67Ga-citrate scan has become a mainstay in the work-up of the patient with infectious disease. Applications of the bone scan to infectious diseases in pediatric practice are especially helpful, since these diseases are common problems in this age group. Increased experience with the 99mTc-phosphate bone scan has already defined several areas of "limitations" in evaluating inflammatory disease. "Cold" defects, negative scans in early stages of osteomyelitis, and "extended uptake" may all pose problems in interpretation, but careful correlation of the bone scan results with clinical history and physical findings, blood cultures, and roentgenography will significantly reduce these problems. PMID- 1246638 TI - Editorial: Sudden infant death syndrome: current status of the problem. PMID- 1246639 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 1246640 TI - Penicillin allergy. PMID- 1246641 TI - Metastatic intraocular carcinoma: clinicopathologic study of a case. AB - This case report describes the fluorescein angiography, the radioactive scintigraphy, and the pathologic findings of an intraocular metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma which occurred in a 64-year-old white man. In spite of extensive studies, no definitive differential diagnosis between primary and secondary eye lesion could be established before enucleation for intractable pain. This case illustrates that presently available methods are not adequate for correct differential diagnosis in such cases. PMID- 1246642 TI - Removal of the normal uterus. AB - The uterus is often justifiably removed when anatomically it is a normal organ. Unfortunately, such surgery often is viewed with suspicion because there is failure to communicate the justification to patients and uninformed critics. An effort is made in this manuscript to categorize procedures and thus more clearly delineate the indications for removal of the normal uterus. Reviewed is a total of 485 hysterectomies performed over a ten-year period in a medical school affiliated hospital providing training in obstetrics and gynecology for second year residents and for third- and fourth-year medical students. Eighty-two of the 485 uteri removed (16.9%) were considered anatomically normal by the criteria set forth. The morbidity associated with these cases was minimal. PMID- 1246643 TI - Head and neck radioangiography. AB - An analysis of one year's experience at our institution with 781 cerebral radioangiograms is reported. In patients who had follow-up radioangiographic evaluation, an overall accuracy of 88% was achieved using the anterior method. Accuracy in detecting carotid occlusive lesions alone was 83%. Detection of subdural hematomas by radioangiography was exceptional. Our results correlate well with those of others in detection of cerebrovascular occlusive disease, other vascular lesions, and avascular lesions. In our experience, the extremely high yield of information and the simplicity of performing radioangiography of the head and neck justify its routine use in all cases referred for brain scanning. PMID- 1246644 TI - Attitudinal changes in medical students taking a course in human values. AB - A semantic differential test was used to find out whether a course in human values in medicine produced changes in the attitudes of students who took the course as compared with the attitudes of those who did not. The results showed that students taking the course retained certain positive values as compared with the student group not taking the course, which showed only negative shifts in values. Possible reasons for these changes are discussed. PMID- 1246645 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum in young adults. AB - A retrospective analysis was made in 47 young adults (20 to 40 years of age) with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Rectal bleeding was the most frequent presenting symptom. Tumor grade had no correlation with survivial. Smaller tumors were associated with better prognosis. Depth of invasion was a most important prognostic factor. There was no operative mortality. The five-year survival rate in these young adults compares favourably with the overall survival statistics for colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 1246646 TI - Lymphangiography as an aid in staging bladder carcinoma. AB - Eighty patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the urinary bladder had pedal lymphangiography as part of their assessment for metastatic disease. Results were correlated with surgical findings within three months of the lymphangiographic interpretation in 49 patients. There were no false-positive lymphangiograms, and only five (10%) false-negative readings were recorded. The finding of positive lymphangiograms in 9% of patients with stage B disease, 16% of patients with stage C disease, and 57% of patients with a fixation of the tumor to the pelvic or abdominal wall emphasizes the value of the procedure in limiting unnecessary surgical exploration. PMID- 1246647 TI - Editorial: Prevention and treatment of infection of prosthetic valves. PMID- 1246648 TI - Suicidal ingestion of isoniazid: an uncommon cause of metabolic acidosis and seizures. AB - Despite the widespread use of isoniazid, suicidal ingestion is rare. Two patients are presented who ingested 5 gm and 12 gm respectively, both having seizures within two hours and severe metabolic adisosis. They were treated successfully with intravenous administration of diazepam and bicarbonate, and forced diuresis. Both patients showed a mild rise in levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Physicians should be alerted to the possibility of isoniazid ingestion in patients with an unexplained severe metabolic acidosis and seizures. PMID- 1246649 TI - Pulmonary cryptococcosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed extensive pneumonia due to Cryptococcus neoformans. A presumptive diagnosis based on results of a Wright's stain of the sputum was made and appropriate antifungal therapy was started. C neoformans was cultured in COUNTS AS HIGH AS 8 X 10(5)/ml of sputum and was present morphologically for three weeks after sputum cultures had become negative. During the patient's first week of hospitalization, C neoformans was cultured from sputum and on cough plates but from no other source in his room. This suggests the possibility of transmitting the fungus to susceptible persons by droplets from patients having extensive pulmonary cryptococcosis. PMID- 1246650 TI - Displaced tibial shaft fractures: a comparison of treatment methods. AB - Eighty-five overriding tibial shaft fractures (46 open, 39 closed) were treated at Ochsner Foundation Hospital between 1960 and 1972. Nine different treatment methods were employed by seven orthopedic surgeons. The best results were obtained in the nine patients treated by open reduction and either compression plating or external skeletal fixation with compresssion. All healed primarily in the briefest time and none had a complication. PMID- 1246651 TI - Surgical treatment of colovesical fistula: the value of a one-stage procedure. AB - The records of all patients (43) with colovesical fistulas at Ochsner Clinic were reviewed retrospectively. The presenting symptoms are more often related to the bladder and not to the colon; fecaluria and pneumaturia are almost pathognomonic. The diagnosis may be difficult to obtain on proctoscopy, cystography, or intravenous pyelograms. Roentgenograms after barium enema and cystoscopy are the best means of diagnosis, though operation is necessary in some instances for definitive diagnosis. Primary resection and anastomosis with closure of the bladder has been successful in our experience with little morbidity and only one postoperative death. The controversy regarding primary colon resection in treatment of colovesical fistulas is perplexing. We do not believe that it is "foolhardy" to save the patient extra time, morbidity, and expense by doing one instead of three procedures. Primary resection of the colon with simple closure of the bladder is our recommended treatment for chronic colovesical fistula. We have had no recurrences. PMID- 1246652 TI - Familial occurrence of multiple myeloma. AB - Two brothers with multiple myeloma, both with immunoglobulin IgGK, are described. Although the cause and pathogenesis of this disease in instances of familial occurrence are uncertain, genetic predisposition and environmental factors may play a significant role. PMID- 1246653 TI - Contraception with norethindrone 0.35 mg administered continuously. AB - Microdose norethindrone (0.35 mg taken each day without interruption) was used as an oral contraceptive agent by 168 women for 4,264 months over a five-year span. Seven pregnancies occurred with regular use and two with irregular use, resulting in a drug-effectiveness rate of 1.9 and a use-effectiveness rate of 2.5 per 100 woman-years. Cycle length was variable. During the five years of study there was a tendency toward weight gain, but no definite trend in blood pressure changes was noticed; however, there were no comparable control groups for these latter two observations. Results of metyrapone tests done after 17 to 33 months of treatment were normal. PMID- 1246654 TI - Office and emergency room care of the injured hand. AB - A careful initial evaluation and proper treatment of the injured hand can minimize morbidity and assure early recovery. Various hand injuries encountered and their appropriate treatment are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the initial care, and in some instances the definitive treatment, which can be given in the physician's office or the hospital emergency room. PMID- 1246655 TI - Partial laryngectomy as therapy for cancer of the larynx after irradiation failure. AB - The evoluation of therapy for recurrences of cancer of the larynx after radiation therapy is presented. Four case histories of patients having partial laryngectomies after receiving radiation therapy are reported. PMID- 1246656 TI - Continuing education in otolaryngology. PMID- 1246657 TI - Ischemic necrosis of multiple major joints: report of two cases. AB - Two patients with idiopathic ischemic necrosis of multiple major joints are described. One had both humeral and femoral heads involved and the other had involvement of the humeral heads and one femoral head. These combinations are uncommon. Specific causes could not be found in the histories, although one patient was a chronic alcoholic and and other was severely allergic to coffee dust. In the care and follow-up of patients with ischemic necrosis, attention should be given to the possibility of involvement of multiple major joints. PMID- 1246658 TI - Familial cardiac dysrhythmias: classification and review. AB - Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction are described in multiple members of one family spanning three generations. The literature is reviewed regarding other aspects of familial cardiac arrhythmias, permitting a classification of the latter. The entity is not rare, and familial screening is imperative in instances of sudden death, fainting episodes, or rhythm disorders in young individuals. PMID- 1246659 TI - Psychomotor-psychic seizures treated with bilateral amygdalotomy and orbitotomy. AB - A 26-year-old woman developed seizures and psychiatric disorders after having been in coma with encephalitis for a protracted period at age 11. Seizures were psychomotor, minor motor, and major motor with auras of fear, panic, and olfaction. The patient hallucinated, had paranoid ideas, was depressed, and attempted suicide. Medical and psychiatric treatment with anticonvulsants and tranquilizers was ineffective. Depth and surface EEG recordings revealed bilateral discharge abnormality in temporal, frontal, and thalamic areas. Lesions were placed in the temporal and orbitofrontal area bilaterally for the psycho motor-psychic seizures and in the left thalamus for the minor motor seizure. The seizures were relieved without the incapacitating complications that occur with standard lobotomy and temporal lobe resection. Improvement of the psychic component of the seizures is believed due to interrupting seizure discharging circuitry in the temporal and frontal areas. The term temporofrontal seizures is proposed for the anatomic designation of psychomotor-psychic seizures. PMID- 1246660 TI - Unilateral renal agenesis associated with multiple skeletal abnormalities. AB - Two cases are presented in which an association between unilateral renal agenesis and multiple skeletal abnormalities is found. The pathologic agents responsible for the URA act similarily on other organ systems, including the skeleton. The skeletal abnormality can be diagnosed easily and promptly and may be an indicator for anomalies in other systems as well, especially the urogenital system. PMID- 1246661 TI - The use of enzyme analysis of peritoneal blood in the clinical assessment of abdominal organ injury. AB - Seventy patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma and hemoperitoneum were evaluated by the analysis of the enzyme content of peritoneal blood using automated laboratory methods. The enzyme levels in peritoneal blood were evaluated relative to the simultaneous levels in peripheral blood to identify enzyme differences in organ-related peritoneal and periheral blood. The findings in this study indicate that isolated liver injuries are associated with significant elevation of lactic dehydrogenase levels in peritoneal blood and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase levels in peritoneal and peripheral blood. A multiplicity of abdominal organ injury results in elevation of lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase levels in peritoneal blood. The occurrence of isolated small intestinal injury and small intestinal injury combined with other organ injury produces a significant elevation of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase levels in peritoneal blood. The alkaline phosphatase elevation in peritoneal blood is associated with normal mean values in peripheral blood; therefore, combined alkaline phosphatase in peritoneal and peripheral blood has potential for use in the identification of small intestinal injury in patients with hemoperitoneum of traumatic origin. PMID- 1246663 TI - Delayed rupture or delayed diagnosis of rupture of the spleen. AB - Delayed rupture of the spleen was seen in only six of 302 patients undergoing splenectomy for splenic injury following blunt abdominal trauma. Only one of these six patients was asymptomatic for two days following the accident. This is an incidence of 2 per cent delayed rupture as compared with the 15 per cent quoted in the literature. An aggressive approach to the diagnosis of intra abdominal injury has helped to eliminate the delay in recognition of rupture of the spleen. Peritoneal lavage has accurately identified those patients with intra abdominal injury. We conclude that delayed rupture of the spleen is, in reality, usually a delay in diagnosis of splenic rupture. PMID- 1246662 TI - A diagnostic technique for acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Routine oral cholecystography with Telepaque frequently will show normal visualization of the gallbladder in the presence of acalculous cholecystitis and cholesterolosis. Roentgenograms of the abdomen that show persistent opacification of the gallbladder 36 hours after the administration of Telepaque are suggestive of cholecystic disease. Twenty-six patients with previously normal cholecystograms but with continuing symptoms of biliary tract disease were studied with 24 hour delayed films of the gallbladder. All had persistent visualization of the gallbladder, and all had diseased gallbladders verified at operation and by pathologic examination. PMID- 1246665 TI - Gastrointestinal biliary conditions. PMID- 1246666 TI - Gynecology and obstetrics. PMID- 1246664 TI - The chemical composition of circulating fat emboli released during total hip prosthesis. AB - Lipids of fat emboli released in the circulating blood of seven patients undergoing hip prostheses were compared with those of plasma, adipose tissue and bone marrow taken simultaneously. Similar in composition to bone marrow, fat emboli, as compared with plasma lipids, contain negligible amounts of free esterified cholesterol, a relative decrease of oleic acid and an increase of palmitic acid in triglycerides and a lower percentage of linoleic acid in phospholipids. The results of this study validate the theory that fat emboli originate from bone marrow in fractures of the long bone. PMID- 1246667 TI - Tumors. PMID- 1246668 TI - A method by which burn units may compare their results with a base line curve. AB - Burn units that treat relatively few patients need a technique by which they may make valid comparisons between their results and mortality curves derived from larger series of data. While the technique described is consistent with the probit mode, the most widely accepted statistical model for studying burn mortality, it aboids the cumbersome calculations associated with probit analysis. PMID- 1246669 TI - Antibiotic concentrations in hepatic interstitial and wound fluid. AB - This study in dogs using tissue-implanted capsules indicates that cephalothin, cefazolin, ampicillin and tetracycline are excreted in the bile, appearing in this fluid at concentrations greater than the concomitant serum levels. Hepatic interstitial fluid concentrations of these agents differed little from levels achieved in soft tissues elsewhere in the body, indicating that compounds which are concentrated in bile do not necessarily achieve high levels in the hepatic parenchyma. The selection of an antimicrobial agent for the therapy of hepatic parenchymal infection or obstructive cholecystitis should, therefore, be based on susceptibilities of the suspected organism rather than on the relative tendencies of various agents to be concentrated in bile. PMID- 1246670 TI - Editorial: Irradiated tissue and biopsy. PMID- 1246671 TI - Gastric pull-up operation for replacement of the cervical portion of the esophagus. AB - The gastric pull-up operation is a useful, effective method for immediate restoration of alimentary continuity after resection of the larynx, pharynx and esophagus for carcinoma of the hypopharynx or cervical portion of the esophagus or both. It is suitable only for those patients whose general condition is sufficiently satisfactory to tolerate the one stage combined abdominal cervical operation. When successfully used, the results are striking in comparison with those usually obtained from other methods of esophageal reconstruction. PMID- 1246672 TI - Central nervous system regeneration and ophthalmology. AB - Various adult lower vertebrates are capable of optic nerve, and even retinal, regeneration with functional recovery of vision. Possible factors responsible for regenerative failure in mammals are discussed. It is suggested that potentially neuroregenerative agents be tested in the mammalian retina in an attempt to induce visual pathway regeneration. PMID- 1246674 TI - Expansion of educational programs in university departments of surgery. PMID- 1246673 TI - Choroidal melanoma with massive retinal fibrosis and spontaneous regression of retinal detachment. AB - An unusual case of choroidal malignant melanoma with heterochromia iridis, massive subretinal hemorrhage and fibrosis, spontaneously resolving retinal detachment, and subretinal seeding is reported. Clinical and pathological findings are presented and discussed. The unusual aspects of the case are further considered by Drs. Andrew Ferry and Mark Tso. PMID- 1246675 TI - Changing clinical trends in patients with peripheral arterial emboli. AB - One hundred and twenty-four patients treated by Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy from 1964 through 1973 were reviewed and compared to an earlier series of 82 patients treated by direct extraction during the interval from 1948 to 1963. In patients undergoing embolectomy, the incidence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) declined from 55 to 27 percent, and that of arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) rose from 39 to 55 percent. The operative mortality rate of those with RHD was unchanged and that of patients with ASHD declined from 74 to 36 percent. This was attributed, in part, to the lesser degree of operative stress entailed by the Fogarty catheter and the local anesthesia. Limb salvage was 82 percent when ischemic symptoms were less than 24 hours in duration and 66 percent when such symptoms were more than 24 hours in duration. The amputation rate for the entire group was 22 percent. The low 2 year survival of patients with ASHD and of amputees was ascribed to the wide extent of their atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This was emphasized by the fact that 44 percent of late deaths were due to myocardial infarction. PMID- 1246676 TI - The effect of severe trauma on urine loss of insulin. AB - Six trauma patients and five healthy volunteers were given an intravenous glucose infusion (5 Gm. per hour) for 6 hours. The serum insulin response and urine insulin excretion were measured and compared in the two groups. Glucose intolerance and serum insulin levels which were elevated but inappropriately low for the degree of glycemia characterized the trauma patients. Urine insulin concentrations and total urine insulin were increased significantly in the trauma patients. Renal function was similar in both groups, as determined by serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance. The increase in urine insulin concentration in the trauma patients reflected the higher serum insulin concentrations, but no correlation existed between serum insulin and urine insulin concentrations. A negative correlation was found between "insulin clearance" and serum insulin in both groups, indicating altered renal handling of insulin following injury which may be a contributory factor to the relative hypoinsulinemia of trauma. PMID- 1246677 TI - Peritoneal cysts: a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. AB - Large abdominal cysts are not a common complication of peritoneal shunts. In our experience only 11 of 1,585 peritoneal shunts developed this complication (0.7 percent). We believe that infection, particularly by S. epidermidis and multiple shunt revisions, is related to the development of the cysts. Simple parencentesis and replacement of the shunt usually are sufficient treatment for this complication if infection is not present. PMID- 1246678 TI - Emergence of resistance to amikacin during treatment of burn wounds: the role of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. AB - Amikacin has been used to treat Providencia stuarii infections on the Burn Service at Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center since March, 1973. The median minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of strains collected on this service prior to the introduction of amikacin was 3.13 mug. per milliliter, whereas the median MIC of strains collected during the last 4 months of the study was 12.5 mug per milliliter. High bactericidal concentrations (MBC) noted at the time of initial studies predicted the emergence of resistant clones, with MBV values rising to as great as 100 mu per milliliter. Further, isolates from burn patients during the initial 5 days of treatment with amikacin had a median MIC of 6925 mug per milliliter, in contrast to values of 25 mug per milliliter in strains isolated after 5 days of treatment. The epidemiologic significance of intensive treatment of gram-negative infections occurring in a close population with selected antibiotics is discussed. The performance of susceptibility tests which included determination of bactericidal concentrations was a major tool in the recognition of the potential for selection of resistant micro-organisms. PMID- 1246679 TI - Preliminary report: Evaluation of tissue ingrowth into experimental Replamineform vascular prostheses. AB - A new experimental arterial prosthesis has been developed by replacing the minimal surface microporous calcite structure of sea urchine spines. Prostheses having a 4 mm. inside diameter and a homogenous 15 to 20 mu porous network have been prepared in bioelectric polyurethane and segmented polyurethane. Ten prostheses were placed in the femoral and carotid arteries of dogs weighing 27 to 35 kilograms and were harvested at a time interval of 3 to 14 days to characterize the tissue ingrowth. Eight of the ten prostheses were widely patent at time of harvest, with tissue ingrowth evident as early as the third day and with complete fibroblastic and capillary penetration of the 1 mm. thick walls developed by the end of one week. By 2 weeks there was uniform formation of 50 to 100 mu well organized neointimal surfaces. PMID- 1246680 TI - Gastroduodenal arterial aneurysms: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Aneurysms of the gastroduodenal artery are rare. Only nine cases have been reported previously. These aneurysms are extremely difficult to diagnose preoperatively. A case of ruptured gastroduodenal artery aneurysm, which was diagnosed by aortography prior to operation, is reported, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 1246682 TI - Letter: Irrigation-sump drain. PMID- 1246681 TI - Catamenial pneumothorax. AB - Consistent clinical features of catamenial pneumothorax are its recurrent nature, repeated involvement of the right hemithorax, and a temporal relationship to the onset of menstruation. A personal case with endometrial implants and defects of the the diaphragm is presented. A review of the entire 41 cases reported in the literature reveals that the syndrome is more common than previously believed; there is a definite relationship with endometriosis; and the air allowing the pneumothorax does not appear to enter the chest by way of the genital tract, as originally postulated. PMID- 1246683 TI - Levodopa-enhanced recovery from paralysis induced by air embolism. AB - In this study levodopa was chosen as an agent that might ameliorate the clinical manifestations of paralysis induced by air embolism because of reported effects of this drug on muscle spasticity and locomotion. In order to induce air embolism, the aorta of rats was cannulated chronically. Fifteen days later, after full recovery of the animals, air was administered through the chronic cannula into the descending aorta of each rat (0.35 ml. of air per 100 Gm. during 4 seconds). The paralysis of both hind legs was observed one to 10 minutes later. Only animals that had total paralysis of both hind legs, without any sensation, were used in the experiments. levodopa was administered 2 minutes after experimentally induced paralysis. The levodopa treatment was repeated every day for 6 days. After 6 days, six levodopa-treated (intraperitoneally) animals in a group of eight and ten levodopa-treated (intra-arterially) animals in a group of 12 recovered fully from the paralysis. Only three animals in a group of 13 (untreated) or two animals in 12 (solvent administration) recovered without the levodopa treatment. PMID- 1246684 TI - Massive hemorrhage from ileostomy and colostomy stomas due to mucocutaneous varices in patients with coexisting cirrhosis. AB - Enterostomal varices have been recognized as a cause of serious recurrent hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis. Most often the varices at the mucocutaneous junction are the source of the hemorrhage. Three patients--two with hemorrhages from ileostomies and one with hemorrhages from a colostomy--are presented. Local measures have proved successful in controlling hemorrhages. Occasionally direct pressure alone will prove sufficient; more often the bleeding varix will need ligation. Complete revision of the enterostomy under local anesthesia can effect total disruption of the protal-systemic shunt and temporarily can eliminate local hemorrhage. Surgically created portasystemic shunts may be considered in good risk patients in order to eliminate hemorrhage from the stomal varices. Palliative local measures, however, remain the treatment of choice in the high-risk, cirrhotic patient who is unlikely to survive a major operation. PMID- 1246685 TI - Adenosine deaminase levels in blood type A patients with metastatic tumor. AB - A lack of adenosine deaminase activity has been associated with severe combined immunodeficiency and decreased enzyme activity observed in acute lymphocytic leukemia. We have measured enzyme activity in lymphocytes, red blood cells, and plasma of patients with a variety of metastatic tumors. Patients with tumor had a significantly lower erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity (p less than 0.025) and statistically higher enzyme activity in their lymphocytes (p less than 0.010) when compared with control plasmaphoresis donors. Interestingly, blood type A tumor patients showed a significant decrease in their erythrocyte enzyme concentration compared with blood group A controls (p less than 0.001) as well as a collective group of type B and O tumor patients (p less than 0.001). Type A patient lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity was not increased and was not statistically different from control group A donors. Tumor patients with blood groups B and O considered collectively had a statistically significant increase in their lymphocyte enzyme concentration compared with group B and O controls (p less than 0.001). PMID- 1246686 TI - Age distribution of patients with carcinoma of the colon in a general hospital in Iran. AB - One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of carcinoma of the colon discharged during a 10 year period (1962 to 1971) from a general hospital in Tehran were studied. Twenty-five patients (21 percent) were younger than 30 years of age and six patients were under 18 years of age. None had familial polyposis or ulcerative colitis. The data are suggestive of a younger age distribution of this disease in our population as compared to that of the Western countries. PMID- 1246687 TI - Letter: Skin burn from freon preparation. PMID- 1246688 TI - An index of healing in below-knee amputation: leg blood pressure by Doppler ultrasound. AB - Preoperative Doppler ultrasonic assessment of below-knee (BK) arterial signals and systolic blood pressures was performed on 50 patients undergoing 53 BK amputations for advanced ischemia. No patient was excluded from initial BK amputation unless gangrene at that level or severe joint contracture was present. Failure of healing of the BK amputation occurred in all five limbs with an undetectable Doppler arterial signal (and thus pressure) below the knee. Failure of amputation occurred in four of 16 limbs with detectable arterial signals and BK pressures less than 70 mm. Hg. Healing occurred in all 32 limbs with BK pressures greater than 70 mm. Hg. The differences in healing between these three groups are highly significant (p less than 0.005). This study suggests that Doppler ultrasonic assessment of BK arterial signals and pressures may be a simple hemodynamic correlate of healing of a BK amputation. Absence of a detectable arterial signal below the knee may be an indication for initial above knee (AK) amputation in advanced ischemia. PMID- 1246689 TI - Vascular laboratory criteria for the management of peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities. AB - From experience gained in over 4,500 vascular laboratory procedures, segmental Pulse Volume Recorder (PVR) tracings, systolic pressure measurements, and other noninvasive laboratory techniques have been found extremely useful in the management of patients with arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. Both PVR recordings and limb pressures were found to be important and are used in complementary fashion. Although arteriography is essential in defining structural lesions and in establishing graftability, noninvasive vascular studies provide an inexpensive, accurate, reproducible method for assessing functional significance of arterial disease. These studies contribute to the diagnosis, definition of severity, and establishment of an objective baseline prior to medical or surgical therapy. Because they may be used in a repetitive manner, they are extremely useful in establishing success of a given therapy and in the long-term follow-up of patients. Based upon our experience, laboratory criteria have been developed which allow accurate identification of ischemic rest pain, aid in predicting healing of foot lesions or below-knee amputations, and quantitate the functional disability of claudication. PMID- 1246690 TI - Intra-arterial embolization in the management of arteriovenous malformations. AB - Eighteen patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) involving the extremities, pelvis, or head are reported and their treatment is discussed. Our experience has led us to the following conclusions: (1) careful selective angiography is mandatory to delineate the vascular anatomy, extent, and major afferent vessels supplying the AVM; (2) ligation of afferent vessels to an AVM never is indicated; (3) intra-arterial embolization (IAE) can be used prior to surgical removal of extensive but resectable AVM's; (4) IAE may be employed for symptom control of inoperable AVM's. PMID- 1246691 TI - The accuracy of the supraorbital Doppler examination in the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant carotid occlusive disease. AB - The supraorbital Doppler technique was used to study 102 carotid arteries prior to arteriography. A carotid stenosis was defined as being hemodynamically significant if the diameter of the lumen were reduced by more than 50 percent. The Doppler examination gave a false-positive result in only two of the 61 arteries which did not demonstrate significant stenoses. False-negative Doppler results occurred in 22 percent of the 41 significant carotid lesions. The presence or absence of significant carotid lesions were predicted in 96 percent of 67 arteries for which the results of the supraorbital examination and carotid auscultation were in agreement. False-negative results occurred in association with significant ipsilateral external and common carotid stenoses and in the presence of unusually efficient collateral circulation via the circle of Willis. The supraorbital Doppler examination is a valuable technique for the identification of patients with hemodynamically significant carotid stenoses. PMID- 1246692 TI - The predictive accuracy of renal vein renin activity in the surgery of renovascular hypertension. AB - In a consecutive group of 38 patients undergoing operations for renovascular hypertension, there were 24 arterial reconstructions and 16 nephrectomies. Thirty two patients were available for late observation, and 25 (78 percent) had a successful result. The renal vein renin ratio (RVRR) correctly predicted successful results in 76 percent of the patients with a RVRR of 1.5 or more but was correct in predicting an unsuccessful result in only one of the six patients with an RVRR less than 1.5. This high incidence of "false-negative" results has appeared in several other reports but has received insufficient emphasis. The presumed causes include inadequate sodium depletion prior to the renal blood vein samplings or, less likely, the effects of renin-suppressing drugs such as alpha methyldopa, propranolol, or reserpine. Because five of the six patients with RVRR less than 1.5 enjoyed a successful result from operation, it is apparent the clinical factors and the aortogram should be determinant when the RVRR, performed under the conditions described, is not diagnostic of renovascular hypertension. Nonetheless, when all diagnostic factors, i.e., the aortogram, the rapid-sequence intravenous pyelogram, and the RVRR, support such a diagnosis, a successful surgical result is nearly certain. PMID- 1246693 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion in major elective vascular operations: a clinical assessment. AB - Six patients undergoing major elective vascular operations received an average of 1,700 ml. of intraoperative autotransfusion of shed blood. The patients were anticoagulated systemically during operation. The mean platelet count (156,000 per cubic millimeter and fibrinogen value (257 mg. per 100 ml.) were normal in autotransfused blood and the mean hemoglobin level was slightly below normal (11.5 Gm. per 100 ml.). Plasma hemoglobin values were variable. No patient suffered any complication that could be attributed to autotransfusion. Donor blood transfusion was avoided in five of the six patients by salvage and reinfusion of shed blood. No evidence of coagulopathy was found in any patient as measured by platelet count, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, euglobulin clot lysis, and fibrin degradation products. The technique of intraoperative autotransfusion is described in detail. PMID- 1246694 TI - Infection control in cardiac surgery. AB - This report relates the results of a multifaceted, 4 year program directed toward reduction of infection in patients undergoing cardiac operations and extracorporeal circulation in a large teaching hospital. Retrospective analysis of all superficial and deep wound infections and prosthetic valve infections for the period of 1966 to 1970 and a prospective study of the period of 1970 to 1974 were made. The multifaceted program begun in 1970 consisted of (1) renovation of a cardiac operating room with incorporation of a high flow, vertical unidirectional ventilation system, (2) change in the gown and draping material for improvement of barriers to bacteriologic shedding, (3) frequent steam sterilization of prosthetic valves, (4) routine use of an antistaphylococcal agent in patients receiving valve replacement, and (5) an unannounced bacteriologic monitoring program of the cardiac operating room personnel. Studies of airborne particulates and bacteria and adequacy of skin preparation and hair removal also were conducted. The studies showed that (1) a high-flow HEPA filtered vertical ventilation system and altered operating room clothing reduced the concentration of airborne particles and the concentration of bacteria at the wound by a factor of 10 compared to conventional operating rooms, (2) the incidence of markedly contaminated scrubbed and unscrubbed hands decreased, (3) shedders and carriers were identified, and (4) current patient skin preparation and hair removal practices were satisfactory. The results of the program were a reduction of the deep wound infection rate from 2.9 to 0.6 percent (p less than 0.01) and a concomitant total wound infection decrease from 6.6 to 3.3 percent. Prosthetic valve infection rates decreased fourfold, from 5.6 to 1.4 percent. It is concluded that careful attention to possible endogenous sources of infection from the patient and a multifaceted program directed to exogenous sources of infection can lower infection rates in cardiac surgical patients. PMID- 1246695 TI - Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: an experimental model. AB - The injection of barium sulphate (micropaque) contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus into the nutrient artery of the canine tibia produced typical inflammatory bone changes. This alteration, similar to those observed in human hematogenous osteomyelitis, consisted of medullary destruction, spontaneous fractures, and intense periosteal new bone formation. This system seems to mimic the characteristics of some clinical bone infections and may provide a model for therapeutic trials. PMID- 1246696 TI - Legal protection: facts you should know. PMID- 1246697 TI - Medicine and the law. Lost eye may result in UT liability. PMID- 1246698 TI - Sputum cytopathological findings in former asbestos workers. PMID- 1246699 TI - Lead health hazards from smelter emissions. PMID- 1246700 TI - Ornithosis (chlamydiosis) outbreaks in Texas. PMID- 1246701 TI - Salicylanilide photocontact dermatitis. PMID- 1246702 TI - The fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 1246703 TI - Sudden deafness. PMID- 1246704 TI - Chronic peritoneal dialysis in children. PMID- 1246705 TI - Fiberoptic colonscopy. PMID- 1246706 TI - Treatment of large villous tumors of the lower rectum by multiple-stage fulguration. PMID- 1246707 TI - [Relationship between the veterinarian and animals, their rights and duties (author's transl)]. AB - The vulnerable position of the human organism with in kingdom of organisms entitles man to subsist as a species. Far-reaching specialization towards animality, resulting in high degree of differentiation, has rendered man extremely vulnerable and thus compelled him to search for possibilities to utilize his environment. However, the fact that he is inherently bound up with this environment imposes limitations on this right to manipulate within it. This right of man is not exclusive but analogously includes the rights of animals. This implies that man should accept the intrinsic value of animals. An animal is a value, not a person, and therefore only has rights analogously. Animals are constantly under the direct influence of man who influences or even destroys their biotopes. The only basic principle to be stressed in this regard is the right of animals to remain in their oecological niche wherever possible, taking into account the effects of selection and mutation which have eventually resulted from their association with man. In view of the above, the following code of conduct is suggested for veterinarians: (1) When man takes animals into his home as pets, he should at least see to it that these animals will be able to develop a natural behaviour in order to safeguard the intrinsic value of the animals wherever possible. (Keeping sporting dogs and greyhounds in flats is not permitted.) (2) Veterinarians should not tolerate symptom-suppressive forms of treatment. (Declawing a domestic cat is not permitted for the simple reason that the owner will usually have caused the abnormal behaviour of the animal.) (3) As an educator, the veterinarian will have to expose any tendency to humanize animals as a devaluation of man. (Laying out animal graveyards and fattening small animals.) (4) On an interdisciplinary basis and from the point of view of the subsistence of mankind, the veterinarian should raise the question of the responsibility of man as a social creature for the kingdom of organisms, not only his fellow-men but the entire environment. (5) The question can be asked to which extent the veterinarian is under an obligation to direct studies and research towards the selection of organisms still capable of establishing a relationship with man in this slum-dwelling called earth. PMID- 1246708 TI - [Letter: Correct use of chloramphenicol]. PMID- 1246709 TI - [Letter: Chloramphenicol or tetracycline as antibiotics in selective media for studies on fungi (author's transl)]. PMID- 1246710 TI - Promethazine-HCl (Phenergan) in the treatment of rat cardiac allografts. PMID- 1246711 TI - Role of the C3 receptor in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. PMID- 1246712 TI - [Endomyocardial fibrosis]. PMID- 1246713 TI - [Ovarial cyst in a 4-year old child]. PMID- 1246714 TI - [Intestinal obstruction caused by Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1246715 TI - [Letter: Hearing disorders after ampicillin treatment of haemophilus influenzae meningitis]. PMID- 1246716 TI - [Editorial: Sampling, withdrawal and other pitfalls in epidemiology]. PMID- 1246717 TI - [Editorial: Retrospective studies of brain lesions caused by traffic accidents]. PMID- 1246718 TI - [Health examination of 60 year-old men and women. 1. Preliminary report. Population study in Glostrup]. PMID- 1246719 TI - [Health examination of 60 year-old men and women. II. Reasons for withdrawal. Population study in Glostrup]. PMID- 1246720 TI - [Significance of brain lesions for posttraumatic recovery]. PMID- 1246721 TI - [Survey of the 70-year-old population of Glostrup. A population study]. PMID- 1246722 TI - [Transthoracic fine needle biopsy. Histologically verified material of infiltrates in lungs and pleura from fine needle biopsy]. PMID- 1246723 TI - [Late complications after septum surgery]. PMID- 1246724 TI - [Walking exercise in intermittent claudication]. PMID- 1246725 TI - [Extracardial rhabdomyoma. 3 cases of rhabdomyoma in the head and neck regions]. PMID- 1246726 TI - [Hospital mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction. I. A prospective 3-year survey]. PMID- 1246727 TI - [Hospital mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction. II. Complicating factors, complications and temporal relations]. PMID- 1246728 TI - [Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea with polycillin (ampicillin + probenecid)]. PMID- 1246729 TI - [Pulmonary sequestration]. PMID- 1246730 TI - [Determination of glucosuria. Evaluation of some "stix" methods]. PMID- 1246731 TI - [Rheumatic polymyalgia--temporal arteritis. Temporary remission without glucocorticoid therapy]. PMID- 1246732 TI - [Pathological fibrinolysis with hemorrhagic diathesis following administration of a radio-opaque agent containing iodine]. PMID- 1246733 TI - [Editorial: Mortality in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 1246734 TI - [Heart disease in Denmark. II. Patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized in Greater Copenhagen]. PMID- 1246735 TI - [Heart diseases in Denmark. III. Complications and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 1246736 TI - [Automatic data registration for epidemiological research]. PMID- 1246737 TI - [A cardiovascular population study of women in Copenhagen. The Amager women study, 1973]. PMID- 1246738 TI - [Blood pressure in Copenhagen women, aged 25-56 years. The Amager women study, 1973]. PMID- 1246739 TI - [Medical approach to cases of poisoning during an outdoor festival]. PMID- 1246740 TI - [Psychosocial interaction in a work milieu inducing somatic states; and the social role of the physician]. PMID- 1246741 TI - [Professions and hospital organization: failure of intergration]. PMID- 1246742 TI - [Department of Medicine of the University of Ottawa. Coat of arms]. PMID- 1246743 TI - [Orthopedic surgeon and medicolegal expertise]. PMID- 1246744 TI - [Subpatella chondromalacia. A therapeutic problem]. PMID- 1246745 TI - [Role of cells in the formation and resolution of calcifying tendinitis]. PMID- 1246746 TI - [Patella and the extensor system of the knee. I. Anatomic, physiologic and clinical considerations]. PMID- 1246747 TI - [Patella syndrome. II]. PMID- 1246748 TI - [Severe sprain of the metacarpal cubital lateral ligament of the thumb. "Game keeper's thumb"]. PMID- 1246749 TI - [A case of pseudarthrosis of the tibia]. PMID- 1246750 TI - [Monteggia's fracture with lateral luxation of the radial head]. PMID- 1246751 TI - [Endoscopic catheterization of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 1246752 TI - [Indications and contraindications of endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography]. PMID- 1246753 TI - [Endoscopic cholangic-pancreatography: methodological and endoscopic aspect]. PMID- 1246754 TI - [Endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography: radiological aspect of the normal and pathological pancreas]. PMID- 1246755 TI - [Initial success and diagnostic value of endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital]. PMID- 1246756 TI - [A beginner's experience with long colonoscopes]. PMID- 1246757 TI - [Intrauterine contraceptive devices. Study of the Dalkon shield by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 1246758 TI - [Intestinal invagination: results of a more rational therapeutic approach]. PMID- 1246759 TI - Renal carbuncle: early diagnosis by retroperitoneal ultrasound. AB - The diagnosis of renal carbuncle has been prolonged from the time of onset of symptoms to the institution of treatment producing a significant rate of mortality. The use of retroperitoneal ultrasound is demonstrated as a noninvasive method for making an earlier diagnosis of renal carbuncle than has been afforded by more conventional means. This report illustrates the technique of nephrosonography and briefly reviews the medical and surgical approaches to this disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case wherein ultrasound, and not pyelography, demonstrated a carbuncle without the aid of invasive arteriography. PMID- 1246760 TI - Pelvic lipomatosis. AB - Three cases of pelvic lipomatosis are presented. Excretory urogram revealed characteristic elevation and elongation of urinary bladder base and relative hyperlucency of pelvic cavity. Associated varying degrees of hydronephrosis and hydroureters are seen secondary to distal ureteral obstruction. Barium enema showed elongation and elevation of rectosigmoid colon. PMID- 1246762 TI - Point of view: art of retropubic prostatectomy. PMID- 1246761 TI - Pseudotumor of adrenal gland. AB - A sixty-two-year-old male underwent medical evaluation because of hypertension. A suprarenal mass was detected on pyelography and subsequently confirmed by tomography, angiography, sonography, and adrenal venography. In spite of these positive diagnostic studies surgical exploration revealed a normal adrenal gland surrounded by dense fibroadipose tissue which appeared to account for the pseudotumor. PMID- 1246763 TI - Letter: Bladder closure technique. PMID- 1246764 TI - Letter: Resectoscope obturator-follower. PMID- 1246765 TI - Letter: Retrieval of indwelling ureteral stent. PMID- 1246766 TI - Sexual function and fecundity after treatment for testicular tumors. AB - Questionnaires were mailed to patients who had undergone either radiotherapy, lymphadenectomy, or a combination of both as treatment for malignant disease of the testis in an attempt to define the effects of their therapy on sexual function, ejaculation, and fecundity. The forms returned by 29 patients with seminoma treated with irradiation alone indicated that little change had occurred in their sexual performance or sex drive. Diminished semen volume was reported by 10 patients but was severe in only 1. Two of 3 patients who desired children after therapy were successful. In patients with nonseminomatous testis tumor treated surgically, 42 of 50 reported a significant decrease in semen volume, but 7 of 12 who desired children following therapy were successful. The physiology of ejaculation is reviewed, and comments are offered on the means by which retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy may disrupt normal ejaculation. PMID- 1246767 TI - Serum proteins in prostatic cancer. III. Relationship of levels of immunoglobulins and complement to clinical stage of disease. AB - The relationship between the level of the three major serum immunoglobulins, IgG, IgA, and IgM and of the third component of complement (C')C'3(B1A-globulin) and the clinical Stage of prostatic cancer was evaluated. While, statistically significant (P less than 0.05) differences in the levels of these proteins compared with their levels in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (applied only to the study of C'3) and healthy adults were observed, the levels of these proteins in each of the Stages evaluated were not significantly different from each other. The absence of a correlation between the Stage of disease and the levels of these humorally mediated effectors of immunologic responsiveness is in keeping with observations of cell-mediated effectors of immunologic responsiveness in prostatic cancer patients. Observation of the association of prostatic cancer with a deficiency of B-cell function and of C'3 is noted. PMID- 1246768 TI - Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. AB - Hyperparathyroidism is an important cause of calculous disease. A simple reliable protocol for evaluation of patients has been developed. In 20 patients with hyperparathyroidism this protocol has produced no false positive studies. Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism can be diagnosed by this convenient method, and this protocol can be carried out in any hospital as part of an out- or inpatient workup. PMID- 1246769 TI - Postpartum onset of urinary incontinence associated with ureteral ectopia. AB - The onset of urinary incontinence in adult women in association with extrasphincteric ureteral ectopia is rare. Herein we report 2 cases of this unusual occurrence. The incontinence in both patients began after significant obstetric trauma. Ureteral ectopia should be included in the differential diagnosis of incontinence beginning in the immediate postpartum period. PMID- 1246770 TI - Ruptured renal cyst in polycystic disease. AB - A patient with polycystic disease was admitted with acute abdominal pain. This was caused by a rupture of one of his right renal cysts into the collecting system, with extravasation into the subcapsular space. With conservative therapy, the patient returned to his status prior to this episode. The extravasation was absorbed, and the cyst became smaller. He will continue under supportive care for his polycystic disease. PMID- 1246771 TI - Neonatal urinary tract infection with petechiae and thrombocytopenia. AB - Thrombocytopenia and petechiae were signs of urinary tract infection in 2 neonates. Both infants had significant anomalies of the urinary tract. In each case antimicrobial therapy eliminated the infection and thrombocytopenia, allowing the surgical correction to be performed when the infants were clinically well. The importance of urine cultures and excretory urography in such cases is emphasized. PMID- 1246772 TI - "Acute scrotum" in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. AB - Two patients with Henoch-Schonlein syndrome presented with clinical pictures mimicking testicular torsion. No evidence of testicular torsion was found. A review of the literature revealed that testis torsion is very rarely associated with testicular involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome, and hence only rarely is surgical exploration required. PMID- 1246773 TI - Small-Carrion operation for impotence: improved technique. PMID- 1246774 TI - Penetrating renal injuries. AB - A retrospective analysis of 81 penetrating renal injuries revealed a need for surgical exploration in only 39 per cent, and the following conclusions are made: (1) Criteria for classifying a traumatic renal injury as major and therefore requiring further evaluation (arteriography) or appropriate urgent surgery, include urographic nonfunction or extravasation, persistent or severe hematuria or retroperitoneal hemorrhage, and deteriorating clinical status. (2) Preoperative urologic assessment is mandatory to avoid needless renal exploration; 58 per cent of patients with minor injuries were in this series operated on. (3) It is doubtful that late sequelae of penetrating renal injury occur so frequently that immediate surgery to prevent them is advisable. PMID- 1246775 TI - Transurethral resection of prostate via perineal urethrostomy. Prospective study. AB - A controlled, prospective clinical study was undertaken to determine the incidence and cause of urethral strictures after transurethral resection. Patients were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Group A consisted of patients in whom it was considered preferable for various reasons to perform prostatic resection through perineal urethrostomy; therefore, these were excluded from randomization. All other patients were randomized using a sealed-envelope method into Group B who underwent resection via perineal urethrostomy and Group C who underwent resection via the entire urethra. Strictures occurred in 6 of 42 patients in Group C postoperatively while patients in Group B remained free of strictures. This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that strictures which occur result from the use of the resectoscope through the entire urethra and not from the use of indwelling catheters, and that performing prostatic resection via perineal urethrostomy is valuable in preventing the occurrence of such strictures. PMID- 1246776 TI - Education of urologists. PMID- 1246777 TI - Inverted papilloma: urothelial tumor of benign biologic potential. PMID- 1246779 TI - Primary carcinoma of fossa navicularis. AB - A case of primary carcinoma of the fossa navicularis of the male urethra is discussed. The lesion presented as an ulcerative process that circumferentially involved the external urinary meatus in a sixty-three-year-old man. Initially, the lesion was confused with a superficial carcinoma of the penis, since results of urethroscopic examination were normal. Following midshaft penectomy, despite normal gross appearance of the distal urethra, histologic examination indicated poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma along the mucosa of the distal urethra up to the line of surgical resection. Subsequent total penectomy showed only a small area of residual tumor at the line of previous resection. Lymphadenectomy was not performed. The patient remains alive without evidence of residual disease five years later. PMID- 1246778 TI - Retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a child. AB - Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is a rare tumor in children and has been reported previously on only three occasions. This is the fourth such case, presenting with a large mass on the left side which displaced the sigmoid and ureters to the right. The patient was treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. She is alive and well more than four years after therapy was instituted. A review of the pertinent literature cites the need for radio- and chemotherapy especially when surgical removal is incomplete. PMID- 1246780 TI - Case profile: extravagram. PMID- 1246781 TI - Perirenal hemorrhage in newborn. AB - An unusual cause of a palpable abdominal mass in the newborn is adrenal hemorrhage with a secondary perirenal hematoma. All the urologic diagnostic modalities including sonography can be used to diagnose this benign condition. Surgical exploration should be considered when the possibility of a malignancy cannot be excluded. PMID- 1246782 TI - Rationale of incidental appendectomy. AB - In an effort to settle the controversy regarding use of incidental appendectomy, we have reviewed the literature regarding the function of the appendix and its role in the development of cancer, incidence of acute appendicitis, pathologic findings in incidentally removed appendices, and morbidity of incidental appendectomy. Considering all parameters we conclude that incidental appendectomy is a service to the patient and should be done except where specifically contraindicated. PMID- 1246783 TI - Crossed renal ectopia in children. AB - Nine children were treated with crossed fused renal ectopia, and in 8 there were serious other urinary tract malformations which were surgically correctable. The finding of crossed fused renal ectopia warrants complete urologic investigation including cystogram and cystoscopy to rule out surgically correctable pathology in the urinary tract. PMID- 1246784 TI - Endocrine changes after diethylstilbestrol therapy. Effects on prostatic neoplasm and pituitary-gonadal axis. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of DES (diethylstilbestrol) on prostatic neoplasms and of different dosage levels on the pituitary-gonadal axis. It is recommended that when DES is chosen for treatment plasma testosterone be monitored carefully and for long periods of time to evaluate the ability of the dose to achieve levels comparable to castration in each patient. PMID- 1246785 TI - Sisomicin in urinary tract infection: Tolerance and efficacy study. AB - Twenty-one patients with gram-negative urinary tract infections were treated with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. Bacteriologic cure was achieved in 62 per cent of patients, and improvement in another 33 per cent. Mild transient elevation of serum creatinine occurred in 3 patients. No other toxicity was observed. Further clinical trials with more frequent dose administration and in combination with other antibiotics is suggested. PMID- 1246786 TI - Chronic seminal vesiculosis. Distressing syndrome with surgical cure. AB - Six cases in which a symptom complex suggestive of chronic seminal vesicular dysfunction are described. Transvesical seminal vesiculectomy was performed with good results and no disturbance of sexual potency. Seminal vesiculectomy appears to provide a reasonable means for cure of those patients who meet the specific criteria outlined. PMID- 1246787 TI - Vasectomy without complication. AB - In a four-year period 500 outpatient vasectomies were performed by the author. Bilateral scrotal incisions were used in all cases as were metal clips to occlude the vas deferens. Operating time rarely exceeded fifteen minutes. No failures and no sperm granulomas were encountered. Complications were rare and included a single scrotal hematoma and six minor infections. Unilateral absence of the vas deferens was noted in 2 patients. The technique to be described is a simple, complication-free method of vasectomy. PMID- 1246788 TI - Congenital megacalyces associated with Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 1246789 TI - Injuries to scrotal contents by blunt trauma. PMID- 1246790 TI - Extracorporeal circulatory management of priapism. PMID- 1246791 TI - Stented vasovasotomy. Simplified technique. PMID- 1246792 TI - Cystitis cystica: Proliferative epithelial lesion in urinary bladder. PMID- 1246793 TI - Hypernephroma presenting as solitary metastasis to penis. PMID- 1246794 TI - Pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder. PMID- 1246795 TI - Testicular neoplasm in siblings. AB - Two sets of testicular tumors involving nontwin siblings are reported. The possibility dysgenesis and dysgonesis and the totipotentiality of the cells in the pathogenesis of these tumors are described and discussed PMID- 1246796 TI - Bolus nephrotomography in diagnosis of lesions of kidney. AB - Bolus nephrotomography was employed in the study of 100 patients with renal adenocarcinoma and 100 patients with renal cyst. A retrospective review of the vascular and nephrographic phases of this study was made. A diagnosis of renal adenocarcinoma could be made with confidence by bolus nephrotomography in 82 per cent of cases with the remaining cases indeterminate and requiring further investigation; the vascular phase was of greater diagnostic value than the nephrographic phase. A diagnosis of renal cyst could be made with confidence by bolus nephrotomography in 85 per cent of cases with the remaining cases indeterminate and requiring further investigation; the nephrographic phase was of greater diagnostic value than the vascular phase. PMID- 1246797 TI - Preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AB - Preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis may be correctly made in a significant proportion of affected patients thus preventing unnecessary radical surgery especially in the poor-risk patient. The diagnosis should be suggested in the patient with a history of chronic urinary tract infection and certain radiologic features. These include unilateral renal enlargement (either localized or diffuse), nonfunction on excretory urography, presence of renal and/or ureteral calculi, angiographic demonstration of avascular mass or masses with stretched, attenuated intrarenal vessels, prominent capsular and periureteric vessels, and an irregular impaired nephrogram with prominent avascular areas. PMID- 1246798 TI - Cystometry. VI. Interpretation. AB - Cystometry should be performed under direct supervision of a physician, and interpretation must be supplemented by additional test procedures. PMID- 1246799 TI - Letter: Constipation: a cause of urinary tract obstruction and infection. PMID- 1246800 TI - Letter: Role of pubic hair in urinary tract infections. PMID- 1246801 TI - Craniofacial reconstruction: ocular management of orbital hypertelorism. PMID- 1246802 TI - Central areolar pigment epithelial (cape) dystrophy. AB - A family with a unique hereditary macular dystrophy is presented. The disorder is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait having high penetrance and variable expression. The characteristics of this dystrophy are: childhood onset; nonprogressive areolar depigmentation of the central macula; and with the exception of one eye with a macular hemorrhage, normal vision acuity and retinal function studies. PMID- 1246803 TI - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: clinical, ophthalmologic, and biochemical considerations. AB - A case of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina associated with hyperornithinemia has been subjected to extensive clinical and biochemical investigation. The familial occurrence of the ocular disease and of abnormality of amino acid was unique to this 28-year-old male, being absent in parents and siblings. He presented with progressive visual loss, and was found to have cataracts and large areas of peripheral lacunar atrophy. Clinically there was no other abnormality. However, he was hyperuricemic and has an abnormal EEG. Despite otherwise normal biochemical indices of hepatic, renal, and muscle function; selective catheterization of an artery, the hepatic vein, the renal vein, and a deep forearm vein showed all of these circulatory beds to be producing ornithine according to arteriovenous difference measurements. Cerebrospinal fluid and urine contained increased amounts of ornithine. Though electromyography was normal, the muscle biopsy was abnormal. Clinical tests including arginine loading, glucose tolerance testing, and other measurements of blood variables provided inferences as to the metabolic locus of the abnormality. The syndrome is a systemic multiorgan disorder in which the choroid and retina would appear to be target organs and the hyperornithinemia to be of, as yet, undetermined cause and pathogenic significance. PMID- 1246804 TI - The Sixth Frederick H. Verhoeff Lecture. Current status of the cataract operation. PMID- 1246805 TI - Further observations on the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of endophthalmitis. AB - This report of 54 suspected cases of endophthalmitis emphasizes the following findings: 1. That vitreous aspiration is more sensitive in making a culture proven diagnosis than anterior chamber paracentesis. 2. That Staphylococcus epidermidis is a much more common cause of endophthalmitis than previously apprediated. 3. That intraocular antibiotics in the recommended dosage, are reasonably safe clinically and add a new dimension to the treatment of endophthalmitis. PMID- 1246806 TI - Lamellar macular hole: a complication of cystoid macular edema after cataract extraction: a clinicopathologic case report. PMID- 1246810 TI - A new operating room stretcher-table. PMID- 1246807 TI - Posterior form sympathetic ophthalmia. AB - Two cases of posterior form sympathetic ophthalmia are presented. The histologic abnormalities in one of them are described. Based on findings in these two cases and other descriptions of posterior form sympathetic ophthalmia in the literature, the authors conclude that except for absence of anterior uveal tract involvement, there is no histopathologic difference between posterior form sympathetic ophthalmia and classical sympathetic ophthalmia. Although there is disagreement in the literature, the authors also conclude that the therapy and prognosis of posterior form sympathetic ophthalmia does not differ from that of classical sympathetic ophthalmia. PMID- 1246808 TI - Optic pits and posterior retinal detachment. AB - Six cases of congenital pit of the optic nervehead associated with posterior serous retinal detachment are presented. All were treated by photocoagulation along the disc margin in the area of retinal detachment. In five cases reattachment of the retina occurred, after the clinical development of a film chorioretinal adhesion at the disc margin, and appeared to be secondary to the treatment. The sixth case (Case 4), although treated, appeared to represent a spontaneous reattachment. This disorder, which frequently results in permanent decrease of central vision, affected the better, or only, eye in two of the six cases herein reported. Fluid, probably from the vitreous cavity, appears to gain access to the subretinal space via the pit. Reattachment in treated cases occurred only if an effective chorioretinal adhesion was created over the entire area of the fistulous detachment at the disc margin. Field defects after treatment appear to be secondary to either the optic pit itself or the longstanding retinal detachment, oftern accompanied by pigmentary degeneration and cystic macular degeneration, rather than juxtapapillary photocoagulation treatment. PMID- 1246809 TI - The roto-extractor in pediatric ophthalmology. AB - The Roto-Extractor, designed by Nicholas Douvas, M.D., was used by the authors in 66 eyes for cataracts, secondary membranes, and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. The average age of the patients with congenital cataracts was 2.4 years, for traumatic cataracts 16.4 years. The pupil wal cleared well in 63 of these eyes. There was no vitreous to the wound in any of the eyes. Unplanned iridectomies and prolonged inflammation were the major complications. PMID- 1246813 TI - The induction of refractive errors by retinal detachment surgery. AB - This report consists of a retrospective clinical study of the effect of retinal detachment repair, specifically the encircling procedure, on induced spherical refractive error. The analyze the findings we include optical and supplementary clinical and in vitro studies of corneal curvature, axial length, and anteiror chamber depth. The results of each of these help confirm and are sufficient to explain the discoveries of the original clinical study. PMID- 1246812 TI - Inherited hyaloideoretinopathy and skeletal dysplasia. AB - Twenty-one patients from five families displaying the ocular defects of dominantly inherited hyaloideoretinopathy as originally described by Wagner were surveyed radiographically for skeletal defects. A mild generalized epiphyseal dysplasia was found in twenty. A comparison of the skeletal dysplasia associated with arthro-ophthalmopathy and that found in families with Wagner's disease reveals more similarities than differences. It is concluded that Wagner's disease is a dominantly inherited syndrome of ocular defects that includes myopia, vitreous syneresis with membranes, and radial perivascular chorioretinal degeneration. It is associated with radiographically demonstrated generalized epiphyseal dysplasia that is manifested clinically by flattening of the mid-face and palatoschisis. PMID- 1246814 TI - Fluorescein angiography: its contributions towards understanding the mechanisms of visual loss in glaucoma. PMID- 1246817 TI - Gonioscopic differences between eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal eyes in subjects over the age of forty. AB - Gonioscopy was performed on 110 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma over the age of 40 and an equal number of normal subjects matched by race and age. The frequency distribution of various angle features differed in two groups. In the glaucoma group there were more iris processes at all levels of insertion, a higher insertion of the iris root, and more trabecular pigmentation. We believe that a congenital angle anomaly is an important factor in the pathogenesis of the elevated intraocular pressure. PMID- 1246816 TI - Bilateral choroidal detachment and fluctuating proptosis secondary to bilateral dural arteriovenous fistulas treated with transcranial orbital decompression with resolution: report of a case. PMID- 1246811 TI - Pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve disease. PMID- 1246818 TI - Slit lamp photography of the limbus with infrared film. PMID- 1246820 TI - Cooperative action of the T4 tail fibers and baseplate in triggering conformational change and in determining host range. PMID- 1246815 TI - In vitro biology of corneal epithelium and endothelium. AB - Four main areas are explored: (1) the proper culture medium for corneal tissue; (2) the effect of serum on in vitro tissue growth; (3) the in vitro interrelationships between corneal epithelium and endothelium; and (4) the biology of cultures of whole corneas (organ cultures). Modified Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) proved to be an excellent culture fluid. Corneal tissue could be grown in MEM without serum or clot, thus providing a defined culture medium. The in vitro biology of outgrowths of multilayered corneal epithelium and monolayered corneal endothelium are discussed. Contact inhibition between epithelium and endothelium is demonstrated in whole corneal (organ) cultures. PMID- 1246819 TI - The management of glaucoma in nanophthalmos. AB - Patients with nanophthalmos are prone to develop a chronic painless type of glaucoma in middle age, probably due to the natural increase in the size of the lens which is already relatively too large for the small eye. Although the underlying mechanism is obscure, a slowly progressive "creeping" chronic angle closure is postulated, but gonioscopic evaluation is difficult due to the shallow anterior chamber, with grade I and slit angles. Response to medical treatment is poor and miotics may even make the condition worse by producing relative pupillary block and by relaxing the lens zonule. Ordinary glaucoma surgery is to be avoided in nanophthalmos because of the fear of postoperative ciliary-block malignant glaucoma. Periopheral iridectomy performed in five eyes at an advanced stage of the chronic angle-closure did not facilitate glaucoma control in three eyes, and in two eyes in which the operation was combined with posterior sclerotomy, the eyes became blind from vitreous hemorrhage. Lenx extraction in five eyes controlled the glaucoma but was followed by choroidal effusion and nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachements in two eyes and blindness in another eye when combined with a posterior sclerotomy. No firm therapeutic recommendations can be made on the basis of the author's experience in the six reported cases. Conventional medical therapy seems ineffectual even when begun early in the glaucoma. Conventional glaucoma surgery must be performed early, before permanent damage to the outflow mechanism occurs but removal of the lens must be anticipated. The surgeon must also remain aware of the high incidence of serious posterior-segment complications which inexplicably follow glaucoma or lens surgery in nanophthalmos, as described by Brockhurst. PMID- 1246821 TI - Recognition and measurement of small isometric virus particles in thin sections. PMID- 1246822 TI - Penetration of influenza examined by means of virus aggregates. PMID- 1246823 TI - Morphologic heterogeneity in egg- and monolayer-propagated newcastle disease virus. PMID- 1246824 TI - Defective interfering particles in monolayer-propagated Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 1246825 TI - Hybridization studies of the relationship between influenza virus RNA and cellular DNA. PMID- 1246826 TI - Viral interference-mediated selection of a plaque-type variant of influenza virus. PMID- 1246827 TI - The multiplication of influenza virus in enucleated BHK cells fused with chicken erythrocytes. PMID- 1246828 TI - Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic detection of two high molecular weight proteins associated with tobacco mosaic virus infection in tobacco. PMID- 1246830 TI - Substructure analysis with scanning electron microscopy of Estigmene acraea granulosis virus. PMID- 1246831 TI - Characterization of two morphologically distinct top component a particles from alfalfa mosaic virus. PMID- 1246829 TI - Stable dimers of the coat protein of a strain of tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 1246832 TI - Mechanism of influenza recombination. III. Biochemical studies of temperature sensitive mutants belonging to different recombination groups. PMID- 1246833 TI - [Public health and medical science in the Ukrainian SSR in the 9th 5-Year Plan]. PMID- 1246834 TI - [Cardioportal blood flow in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 1246835 TI - [Study of monoamine oxidase activity in the blood plasma in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 1246836 TI - [Heparin in the overall treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1246838 TI - [Complex treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis in a rural locality]. PMID- 1246837 TI - [Use of the preparation L-dopa in parkinsonism]. PMID- 1246839 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of alopecia]. PMID- 1246840 TI - [Characteristics of an alcoholic delirium provoked by surgical intervention]. PMID- 1246841 TI - [Case of combined acute methemoglobinemia and agranulocytosis caused by the intake of sulfadimezine]. PMID- 1246842 TI - [Effect of industrial factors on the morbidity of workers in a metallurgical enterprise]. PMID- 1246843 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the water following a tordon-22K pesticide treatment of the soil]. PMID- 1246844 TI - [State of water metabolism in tetanus]. PMID- 1246845 TI - [Leptospiral jaundice in miners]. PMID- 1246846 TI - [Inductive action of phenobarbital in treating patients with the residual manifestations of past viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1246847 TI - [Analysis of taeniasis morbidity based on data from Ternopol Province]. PMID- 1246849 TI - [Treatment of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in acute myocardial infarct as the prehospital stage]. PMID- 1246848 TI - [Level of primary disability at Nikopol Southern Pipe Metallurgical Factory]. PMID- 1246850 TI - [Pyridinolcarbamate treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1246851 TI - [Rheoencephalographic method of assessing the use of medical gymnastics in patients who have had a cerebral stroke]. PMID- 1246852 TI - [Study of serum protein, lipoprotein, glycoproteins and hemodynamics in mitral defects of the heart]. PMID- 1246853 TI - [Trace elements and vitamin C metabolism in patients with torpid rheumatism]. PMID- 1246854 TI - [Differential diagnosis of rheumocarditis]. PMID- 1246855 TI - [Coagulating and anticoagulating properties of the blood in emotional states in arteriosclerosis patients]. PMID- 1246856 TI - [State of the microcirculation in systemic diseases of the connective tissue]. PMID- 1246857 TI - [Hemo- and cardiodynamics of the lesser circulation in those engaged in winter swimming]. PMID- 1246858 TI - [Pathogenesis of ascites in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1246859 TI - [Effect of Morshin mineral waters on the functional state of the liver and extrahepatic biliary tracts]. PMID- 1246860 TI - [Dynamics of the bile indices in chronic calculous cholecystitis under the influence of health resort treatment]. PMID- 1246862 TI - [Use of cholinolytics and general ultraviolet irradiation in peptic ulcer of the duodenum]. PMID- 1246861 TI - [Some indices of the functional state of the liver in obesity and their change in relation to therapeutic nutrition]. PMID- 1246863 TI - [Some problems in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 1246864 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of chronic pneumonia with bronchiectasis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 1246865 TI - [Use of hyaluronidase in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1246866 TI - [Excretion of glucocorticoid hormones and aldosterone in pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1246867 TI - [Results of a bacteriological study of the urine in children with nephroptosis]. PMID- 1246868 TI - [Some mechanisms for the formation of protracted and chronic forms of viral infections]. PMID- 1246869 TI - [Functional state of the kidneys in Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome]. PMID- 1246870 TI - [Study of pyelonephritic and glomerulonephritic nephrosclerosis]. PMID- 1246871 TI - Health care in rural areas. PMID- 1246873 TI - Environmental health. PMID- 1246872 TI - Onchocerciasis. PMID- 1246874 TI - Human investment in environmental sanitation programmes. PMID- 1246875 TI - The health situation in Africa. PMID- 1246876 TI - Health manpower development. PMID- 1246877 TI - Development of health education services. PMID- 1246878 TI - The African region of WHO: demographic information. PMID- 1246879 TI - Community involvement: new approaches. PMID- 1246882 TI - Editorial: The professional in America today. PMID- 1246881 TI - Toxic megacolon. PMID- 1246880 TI - Echocardiography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 1246883 TI - Editorial: Toxic megacolon. PMID- 1246884 TI - Editorial: Regulating acupuncture in Nevada. PMID- 1246885 TI - Editorial: Manpower necessary to perform quality echocardiography. PMID- 1246886 TI - Pneumopericardium and pneumothorax complicating bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 1246887 TI - Extrapleural lipoma. PMID- 1246888 TI - Letters to the editor: A caution on home deliveries. PMID- 1246889 TI - A computer-based surgery reporting system--an entry point to clinical information systems. PMID- 1246890 TI - Air pollution and respiratory mortality in Los Angeles. AB - An epidemiologic study in Los Angeles showed a regular statistical association between respiratory mortality and the spatial distributions of ozone and particulate matter. There was an irregular association of respiratory mortality with maximum temperature. These findings are consistent with those of other studies relating respiratory morbidity to oxidant and particulate air pollution, and suggest that these pollutants may be health hazards. PMID- 1246891 TI - Acupuncture in Nevada, second report. AB - The State of Nevada has now given its fourth series of acupuncture licensing examinations. In all, 62 candidates have taken examinations. Licenses have been granted to 27 persons as master acupuncturists (Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine or Doctors of Acupuncture) and to 6 as Acupuncture Assistants. At present, 4 acupuncturists practice in the Reno area and 13 in Las Vegas. PMID- 1246892 TI - Jury verdicts and the medical malpractice insurance crisis. PMID- 1246893 TI - Porthole ulcers associated with gastric intubation. PMID- 1246895 TI - Argon laser management of cutaneous vascular deformities. A preliminary report. AB - Twenty-two patients with cutaneous vascular malformations were treated with an argon laser. Promising results were obtained in patients with port-wine stains, hemangiomas, telangiectasia and varicose veins. The argon laser shows promise as an effective clinical tool in the treatment of all such cutaneous vascular abnormalities. However, further study of clinical as well as laboratory data is necessary over a long period of time before this modality can be definitely recommended as the treatment of choice for vascular deformities of the skin. PMID- 1246896 TI - Streptococcal meningitis in pregnancy. PMID- 1246894 TI - The management of benign bone lesions. AB - The almost bewildering variety of lesions that can affect bone contrasts sharply with the limited potential of bone to differentially respond to those lesions. This paradox can create a challenging problem when a bone lesion is shown on an x ray film. Although heavily populated with pleuripotential primitive mesenchymal cells, there is seldom a histologic or radiographic change in the involved bone specific enough to allow a comfortable diagnostic autonomy to be enjoyed by surgical pathologists, radiologists or orthopaedic surgeons. Even when diligent and astute clinical evaluation has excluded infectious, parasitic, metabolic and metastatic causes of the change seen on x-ray studies, a physician is often still uncertain as to the exact nature of the lesion. A knowledge of the relative frequency of the common lesions, an acceptance that biopsy studies and treatment must be combined at times, an appreciation of the possibility of malignant change in a given lesion and a tendency to seek early consultation will likely lead to timely and accurate diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is made, optimum management must be selected. The best current opinion categorizes the lesions into treatment groups consisting of observation, curettage and graft, block excision, cryotherapy and radiotherapy. PMID- 1246897 TI - Operative management of abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients over 70 years of age. PMID- 1246899 TI - Treatment of senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 1246898 TI - Ethanol levels in burn patients. PMID- 1246900 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on rectal polyps of patients with familial polyposis. PMID- 1246901 TI - Editorial: A touch of discipline. PMID- 1246902 TI - Editorial: The problem of medical cost. PMID- 1246903 TI - [Value of long-term ECG monitoring in the diagnosis of coronary disease- comparison of 8-hour ECG monitoring and double Master exercise test with a clinical coronary index]. AB - The use of the long term Ecg (dynamic Ecg) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been investigated in 83 patients and its sensitivity compared with the double Master two step test. The average ECG registration time was 8 hours. The presence of CAD was assumed when the clinical index according to Cohn et al. revealed a pathological value. If a horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression of greater than or equal to 0,5 mm was chosen for the diagnosis of CAD a sensitivity of 82% resp. 64% was found for the dynamic Ecg and the double Master two step test. The specificity of the dynamic Ecg however was with 77% slightly inferior compared with the Master-test. The superiority in sensitivity of the dynamic Ecg was also present when the diagnosis of CAD was based on a ST segment depression of greater than or equal to 1,0 mm. We believe that the dynamic Ecg can provide besides arrhythmia detection valuable information in the diagnosis of CAD and careful interpretation of the ST-segment should therefore be undertaken. The number of false positive results in the diagnosis of CAD was not influenced by the women included in the study. PMID- 1246904 TI - [Post-transfusional hepatitis as a complication of surgery using the heart-lung machine in childhood]. AB - After open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation on 41 children with congenital heart disease in 13 (about 32%) a hepatitis with a long incubation period developed. In 6 out of 13 children (46%) HBS-Ag and in 2 additional ones anti-HBS could be detected. In 6 of 13 cases (46%) a chronic hepatitis ensued, which could be proved histologically in 4 cases. PMID- 1246905 TI - [Influence of interval training on the physical capacity and peripheral circulation in patients with intermittent claudication]. AB - Physical performance on treadmill and calf blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) were determined in 6 patients with symptoms of intermittent claudication before and after a 10-weeks period of intervall training. Arteriosclerotic occlusions of femoral artery were proved on arteriography in all cases. After training, a significant improvement of the claudication distance and the work performed on the treadmill on an average of 44% were stated, whereas nnd. The peripheral blood flow at rest and after 3 minutes circulatpressed as area under the blood flow curve during reactive hyperaemia) on an average of 54%. The benefits of a controlled home-training program as the necessity of investigation at maximal stress, when assessing the haemodynamic effects of physical training, are pointed out. PMID- 1246906 TI - [Pressure-depending venous capacity in relation to age and sex in an average population group]. AB - Pneumatic segment-plethysmography (Barbey et al.) was used to investigate the pressure-dependent venous capacity of the lower extremities on 443 test persons (a cross-section taken from the population aged between 15 and 64 years). The middle pressure-volume diagrams of men and women with no apparent blood-vessel disorders, of men and women with varicous-veins disorders and of men and women with obvious postural circulatory instability were compared. From 308 men with no blood-vessel disorders normal values were established for men in five age groups. There is a significant correlation between pressure-dependent venous capacity and age, applying to both men and women. In relation to healthy men healthy women have a significantly lower pressure-dependent venous capacity. PMID- 1246907 TI - [Diagnostic value of the systolic part of the arterial pulse curve, registered using a bloodless technic]. AB - Left ventricular contractility of 20 patients, measured by heart catheterization was compared with simultaneously but unbloody registrated pulse wave of A. carotis. Furthermore the crest time of femoralis and dorsalis pedis pulse wave was correlated to ejection time, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure and the length of the arteries between heart and foot of 1112 patients suffering from hypertension, arteriosclerosis, circulatory dysregulation and of 182 healthy sportsmen. The indices of left ventricular contractility: dp/dtmax, dp/dtmax/IP and t-dp/dt correlated highly significant with the time between the onset of the systolic upstroke and the first peak in the carotis pulse wave. No correlation was found with ejection time and the last systolic peak of the carotis pulse. Crest time is always shorter in the pulse wave of the foot arteries than in the femoral artery. The crest time in the femoral- and foot pulse correlates in all groups significantly with ejection time, patients with hypertension have the shortest, patients with arteriosclerosis the longest crest times, the last independent from the ejection time. The time between the start of the systolic upstroke and the first systolic peak in the unbloody registrated carotis pulse wave gives indication to the pressure development in the left ventricle. A long crest time in the peripheral pulse (pulsus tardus) is a typical symptom of generalized arteriosclerosis. The combination of slow pulse wave velocity in the leg and long crest time in the foot arteries (quotient greater than 20.5) indicates a stenosis in the arteries of the leg. PMID- 1246908 TI - [Ballistocardiography on a model of the human cardiovascular system]. AB - The linear relationship between the initial acceleration of blood flow and the I wave as well as the HI-jerk of the acceleration ballistocardiogram is shown by experiments with a physical model of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 1246909 TI - [Myocardial infarct with a normal coronary angiogram]. AB - In this paper evidence is presented that in few patients with clear cut myocardial infarction as judged by physical signs, ECG and laboratory findings, the arteriography and morphology still may indicate healthy, unaffected coronary arteris. In those cases first of all the differential diagnosis has to include a silent myocarditis by whatever origin. This assumption may also be correct, if there are no or only few signs for this disease. Extensive diagnostic precedures should be performed under those circumstances. PMID- 1246910 TI - To tell or not to tell, a physician's dilemma. PMID- 1246911 TI - Yes, Virginia, there is a buerger's disease. PMID- 1246912 TI - Acute head injury. PMID- 1246913 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 1246914 TI - Posttraumatic splenic cyst. PMID- 1246915 TI - Familial surgical intracranial infections. PMID- 1246916 TI - Extrahepatic lesions causing false-positive liver scans. PMID- 1246917 TI - Team approaches to management of childhood malignancies. PMID- 1246918 TI - How to accredit a medical organization. PMID- 1246919 TI - Concerning medical malpractice. PMID- 1246920 TI - In favor of a fight. PMID- 1246922 TI - Editorial: The radiologist and his fellow-physicians. PMID- 1246921 TI - Blueprint for a successful screening. PMID- 1246923 TI - Appendicitis in infants and young children. PMID- 1246924 TI - The cardiologist's responsibility for preventing coronary heart disease. AB - The recent increase in coronary heart disease is real and the causes must mainly be environmental. Consequently the condition should largely be preventable. The application of what is already known is likely to be a far more effective way of reducing the mortality rate than all attempts at palliative treatment, but vigorous action will be necessary. Much greater sums are being expended on coronary-care units and cardiac surgery than in preventing the need for them, although there is little evidence that they have significantly lowered the over all mortality rate. Conventional treatment is immensely expensive. Prevention could in the long run be much cheaper. Cardiologists on their own are unlikely to succeed in a program of prevention. They need the help of many others, including community nurses, nutritionists, public health workers, sociologists, and of course general practitioners, but they have responsibility for leadership and for providing background knowledge. For the detection of certain risk factors, health examinations are necessary and should be part of general practice. Also, advice is best given on an individual basis. The chief-known risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity) could be controlled. CHD occurs in adults but atherosclerosis starts many years before. Prevention should begin with appropriate infant feeding, whenever possible with breast milk, and continue into childhood, when habits are formed and attitudes to life can best be influenced. It should be possible to bring up children virtually free from risk factors. It may never be possible to prove the effectiveness of such a multifactorial program by prospective controlled intervention studies, but the evidence indicates strong probability. The stakes are too high to delay action any longer. Physicians daily give advice in areas where the evidence is much less certain. Such a program for the control of coronary artery disease is urgently needed and could become one of the most rewarding activities for the medical profession. PMID- 1246925 TI - Double mitral leaflet prolapse: echocardiographic-phonocardiographic correlation. AB - Ten per cent of all patients referred to the echocardiography laboratory for diagnostic evaluation had mitral valve prolapse. Of these 35 patients, 19 (54 per cent) had prolapse of both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. Of the 19 patients, 13 had Type A or midsystolic prolapse, whereas six had Type B or pansystolic prolapse of the mitral leaflets. Simultaneous phonocardiographic examination of the patients revealed either midsystolic click and late systolic murmur, pansystolic murmur, or isolated click and short systolic murmur. There was no apparent correlation between the echocardiographic prolapse pattern and the auscultatory events. One patient with Type A prolapse had no auscultatory abnormalities at the time of the examination. It is suggested that the abnormal sounds may be generated by a redundant mitral leaflet rather than chordae tendineae. PMID- 1246926 TI - Influence of pacemaker-induced tachycardia with A-V block on left ventricular blood velocity in man. AB - Phasic instantaneous left ventricular blood velocity was measured by radiotelemetry in 28 subjects with a Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter catheter during atrial pacing and induced A-V block Type I Wenckebach A-V block with conduction ratios of 9:8 or lower generally produced a stepwise reduction of peak left ventricular blood velocity in relation to shortened R-R intervals. Longer Wenckebach periods resulted in little or no blood velocity alteration during 1:1 A-V conduction. Those beats following a blocked atrial depolarization were associated with augmented blood velocities. In three subjects, bigeminal periods of 3:2 A-V block resulted in larger left ventricular blood velocities when compared with 2:1 A-V block, despite identical R-R intervals following the blocked P wave. This latter phenomenon was attributed to diastolic augmentation of left ventricular contraction following the second and hemodynamically ineffective beat during 3:2 A-V block. Three patients manifested true blood velocity alternation during second-degree A-V block and changing R-R intervals. The variations in peak left ventricular blood velocity observed during atrial pacing and A-V block are related to changing inotropic state and cycle length dependent alterations of left ventricular diastolic filling. PMID- 1246927 TI - The effects of lidocaine on the canine ECG and electrophysiologic properties of Purkinje fibers. AB - Effects of selected plasma lidocaine concentrations on the action potentials of isolated canine Purkinje fibers were studied with microelectrode techniques and a method for perfusing PF with the arterial blood of a normokalemic dog. Lidocaine was administered to the donor as an intravenous injection of 0.5 to 2.0 mg. per kilogram or as an intravenous infusion of 4 to 50 mug per kilogram per minute and plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. At plasma lidocaine concentrations from 0.2 to 9.9 mug per milliliter no significant changes in donor arterial pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiographic P-R and QRS intervals occurred, and Purkinje fiber resting membrane potential was unchanged. Donor Q-T intervals were unchanged at lower lidocaine concentrations (up to 4.0 mug per milliliter) and decreased at higher levels (4.1 to 9.9 mug per milliliter). Purkinje fiber AP changes commenced in 2 to 3 minutes of lidocaine injection. At lower lidocaine levels AP amplitude, maximum slope of phase 0 depolarization (Vmax) AP duration, and effective refractory period decreased, membrane responsiveness was depressed, and automaticity of spontaneously firing Purkinje fibers decreased. These changes were accentuated at higher lidocaine concentrations. Conduction usually was unchanged or slowed at lower plasma lidocaine levels and slowed at higher concentrations. When ouabain-intoxicated preparations were studied, lidocaine exerted a depressant effect on the AP. These studies indicate that the mechanisms whereby therapeutic lidocaine concentrations may modify arrhythmias are not unlike those of other local anesthetics and include depression of Vmax, membrane responsiveness, and conduction. PMID- 1246928 TI - Effects of coronary arteriography on atrioventricular conduction. Studies with His bundle electrography. AB - The effect of coronary arteriography on atrioventricular (A-V) conduction was studied in 26 patients with the use of His bundle electrography. Slowing of atrioventricular conduction (prolonged A-H interval) was observed in all 26 pateints following either left or right coronary arteriography without a detectable change in the H-V interval. In four patients with left coronary preponderance in arterial distribution pattern, prolonged A-H inverval was produced only by injecting the contrast material into the left coronary artery. Conversely, in the remaining 22 patiens either with right preponderance or balanced distribution, prolongation of the A-H time was a result of opacification of the right coronary artery. The A-H interval at peak prolongation (133.9 +/- 18.7 [S.D.] msec.) was significantly higher than the control measurement (98.3 +/ 15.7 msec.) (P less than 0.0001). Prolongation of the A-H interval started around 4 seconds after the initiation of injection, reached its peak at an average of 7.7 seconds, and subsided within 20 seconds. When intracoronary injection of 6 ml. of normal saline was made in these 26 patients, no change was observed in the His bundle electrograms. On the other hand, hypertonic (20 per cent) glucose solution, when injected into coronary arteries, had an effect remearably similar to that of contrast material on A-V conduction. These findings suggest that prolonged A-H interval observed during coronary arteriography may be a result of osmotic effect of the contrast material, rather than hypoxia resulting from dilution of coronary blood flow. PMID- 1246929 TI - Echocardiographic analysis of intracardiac anatomy in endocardial cushion defect. AB - A standard echocardiographic technique was proposed for an analysis of the intracardiac anatomy of endocardial cushion defect (ECD). It consisted of two beam directions, mitral and tricuspid, and two M-mode scans, between the mitral and tricuspid valves and between the mitral and aortic valves. Using this technique, echocardiographic studies were performed on 13 patients with ECD, including 10 patients with the incomplete form and three patients with the free floating form. In patients with the incomplete form, an M-mode scan between the mitral and tricuspid valves showed the specific features of the interaction between the mitral valve, the interventricular septum, and the tricuspid valve, termed the "mitral-interventricular septal-tricuspid (MVT) connection." The systolic multiple echoes and the diastolic echoes of the so-called posterior leaflet of the mitral valve were constant findings in the mitral direction. The tricuspid valve, although less continuous, was recorded simultaneously with the mitral valve in the same direction. Ateriorly displacement of the anterior mitral leaflet was shown on an M-mode scan between the mitral and aortic valves, giving an echocardiographic representation of the angiocardiographic "goose-neck" sign. Evidence showing the presence of right ventricular volume overload was also found. In patients with the free-floating form, an anterior common A-V valve with a large excursion was recorded on an M-mode scan between the mitral and tricuspid valves. The valve was located posterior to the interventricular septum in the mitral direction and anterior to the septum in the tricuspid direction. There was no finding to show the interaction between the valve and the septum. The posterior common A-V valve was registered only in the mitral direction. Our technique made it possible to diagnose ECD, using a noninvasive echocardiographic method, and discriminate the free-floating form from other forms of ECD. PMID- 1246930 TI - Rate of change of ventricular power: an indicator of ventricular performance during ejection. AB - An expression representative of the rate of change of ventricular power during ejection was derived. The primary advantages of the expression are its theoretical value and its ability to characterize ventricular performance. The rate of change of ventricular power, measured during ejection, is virtually free of assumptions. It has a fluid dynamic as well as a physiological meaning. It serves in an integrative fashion by combining terms previously shown to be of functional significance. Studies in dogs show that it reflects alterations of the inotropic state yet is relatively independent of alterations of preload or afterload. In nine dogs isoproterenol caused the peak rate of change of power to increase from (10 +/- 2) X 10(8) to (15 +/- 3) X 10(8) dynes-cm. sec.-2 (mean +/- S.E.) (P less than 0.01). Propranolol produced a reduction from (10 +/- 2) X 108 to (6 +/- 1) X 10(8) dynes-cm. sec.-2 (P less than 0.001). An increased afterload induced by angiotensin caused no change of the peak rate of change of power. Augmentation of the preload with dextran, which caused a 40 per cent increase of the end-diastolic volume, produced a statistically insignificant increase of the peak rate of change of power from (12 +/- 3) X 10(8) TO (16 +/- 4) X 10(8) dynes cm. sec.-2 The rate of change of ventricular power, measured during ejection, therefore appears to be a useful and meaningful indicator of ventricular performance that has many desirable characteristics. PMID- 1246931 TI - Aortic valve closure: echocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and hemodynamic assessment. AB - The temporal relationship between the closure of the aortic valve (AoV) and the onset of the aortic component of the second heart sound (A2) was defined by simultaneous recording of AoV echogram, phonocardiogram (PCG), and electrocardiogram in 25 subjects. Ten subjects had no heart disease (normal); 15 suffered from various cardiac conditions other than AoV disease (patients). The point of coaptation (C) of the AoV cusps to the onset of A2, the C-A2 interval, was measured to the nearest 5 msec. in 125 cycles. Fifty-eight cycles had a C-A2 of 10 msec., and 47 cycles had a C-A2 of 15 msec. The remainder were distributed at intervals below 10 or above 15 msec. The average C-A2 interval was 11.48 +/- 0.38 msec. (mean +/- 1 S.D.). A similar distribution pattern was observed when the total number of cycles was divided into "normal" and "patient" groups. In 3 subjects, simultaneous equisensitive (catheter-tip micromanometer) left ventricular and central aortic pressures, PCG, and AoV echograms were recorded. C A2 ranged from 0 to 10 msec.; the interval between left ventricular and aortic pressure at the level of the incisura-hangout interval-ranged from 8 to 20 msec. Inhalation of amyl nitrite in one subject produced a significant fall in arterial pressure, accompanied by prolongation of the hangout interval from 10 to 20 msec. and of the C-A2 interval from 0 to 8 msec. Thus, the C-A2 interval is an integral part of the hangout time. Data suggest that A2 does not originate from the coaptation of the aortic valve cusps per se, but is related to events that occur at the time of or slightly after coaptation. PMID- 1246932 TI - Postmyocardial infarction (Dressler's) syndrome: report of a case with immunological and viral studies. AB - A case of PMIX with immunologic and viral studies obtained prior, during, and after a typical exacerbation are reported. Immunologic studies indicated the presence of humoral antiheart autoantibodies, and an increase in the number and proportion of lymphocytes containing surface IgG immunoglobulin during acute activity. Viral studies were negative. Previously reported immunologic and viral data, as well as etiology and pathogenesis of PMIS are discussed. PMID- 1246933 TI - Diagnostic features of right ventricular myxoma. AB - The clinical diagnostic features of right ventricular myxoma are described in a recent patient and related to the 15 cases previously reported. The presence of a pulmonic systolic ejection murmur with a delayed (120 to 140 msec.) and accentuated pulmonic second sound, or calcification in the region of the right ventricular outflow tract should suggest this lesion. Cardiac catheterization with angiocardiography in diagnostic. Ga scanning may assist in the diagnosis and followup after surgical removal of the myxoma. Early surgical removal will avoid the possibility of sudden death. PMID- 1246934 TI - Clinical pathologic conference. PMID- 1246935 TI - The renal blood supply in oliguric states: when is a kidney ischemic? A fundamental in cardiology. PMID- 1246936 TI - Metolazone, a diuretic agent. PMID- 1246937 TI - What constitutes a Holter scan? PMID- 1246938 TI - A renewed look at hypertensive encephalopathy. PMID- 1246939 TI - Of soup. PMID- 1246940 TI - Letter: The peripheral circulation in borderline hypertension. PMID- 1246941 TI - Letter: Borderline hypertension and norepinephrine. PMID- 1246942 TI - Autoauscultation in a patient with floppy mitral valve syndrome. PMID- 1246943 TI - Improved methods for sampling and analysis of vinyl chloride. AB - An analytical scheme was developed for vinyl chloride, which is applicable to ambient and in-plant atmospheres. Using computerized gas chromatographs equipped with automatic injection system and flow rate control, high reproducibilities are achieved in the ppb range. Samples from various sources have been analyzed. PMID- 1246944 TI - Importance of initial management of persons internally contaminated with radionuclides. AB - The first one to three hours following a radiation accident during which internal contamination occurs provide the best and perhaps the only opportunity for preventing uptake of radionuclides. By using chemical manipulation in the GI tract or by hastening the material through the body, absorption can be reduced. Once absorbed, uptake in specific tissues can often be prevented by blocking agents, isotopic dilution or chelating agents. In order to supply prompt treatment, the medical department must have a well-defined action plan based on knowledge of the plant or laboratory operations, the radionuclides used, and medications required. PMID- 1246945 TI - Chemical properties of cotton dust. AB - Byssinosis, a respiratory disease, is caused by dust in cotton textile mills. The heterogeneous, complex dust varies in composition and activity in different "cotton-related" processing operations. Information concerning the constitution of "cotton dust" is reviewed. Relevance of a single dust standard for all cotton operations is discussed. PMID- 1246946 TI - Dosimeter for oxides of nitrogen. AB - A simple, lightweight, prototype dosimeter, based on wet chemical principles, has been developed for personal monitoring of NO2. A simple modification provides for the determination of NOx. This device requires no auxiliary equipment and is intrinsically safe for use in coal mines. In use, NO2 permeates a membrane and is absorbed in acidic aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide. The latter oxidizes NO2 to nitrate. When a total NOx determination is required, an oxidizing prefilter converts NO to NO2 prior to conversion to nitrate in solution. The NO3- is determined in the laboratory with a specific ion electrode. The NO2 or NOx is determined from the NO3--found with reasonably good precision and accuracy. Caution should be exercised when using a dosimeter to determine compounds having a "C" value. These devices will not indicate an excursion concentration existing during a limited time. Effects due to dosimeter orientation, liquid evaporation, and temperature (above 15 degrees) were insignificant. Prior to field testing, it would be desirable to conduct more extensive laboratory tests. The entire TLV range of NO (up to 25 ppm) should be covered, and exposure of the dosimeters to known mixtures of NO and NO2 should be evaluated. Tests against specific interferences should also be performed. PMID- 1246947 TI - Evaluation of charcoal sampling tubes. AB - The effectiveness of MSA charcoal tubes and those constructed by the USAF Environmental Health Laboratory were statistically compared. No significant differences were noted. Also, tube recovery efficiencies were determined for 10 different solvents for which there was no or limited data. The effects of moisture on gravimetric analysis are presented. PMID- 1246948 TI - Solubility and reactivity of sulfur dioxide in various oils. AB - Physical-chemical interactions of SO2 and soluble particulate matter have been documented in the potentiation of acute respiratory effects in animals. The possible role of such interactions between SO2 and oils will be examined similarly. By a simple electrochemical technique, the solubility of SO2 in various oils (including motor oils) could be isolated from the chemical reactions. Except for the medicinal mineral oil, large differences in both solubility and reactivity were found among the oils. In these oils, far more SO2 reacted than dissolved. PMID- 1246949 TI - A procedure for the early detection of noise-susceptible individuals. AB - Currently used threshold audiograms fail to detect the early stages of noise induced hearing impairment. Threshold shifts may reach 10 to 15 dB before the impairment is detected. Loudness difference limen and critical band phenomena should provide an earlier and more sensitive test for such hearing impairment. PMID- 1246950 TI - Biological effects of trinitrotoluene from exposure below the threshold limit value. AB - Statistically significant rises in serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase determinations occurred at exposures to TNT of 0.8 mg/m3 and persisted at exposures of 0.6 mg/m3. Based on these findings, the adequacy of the current threshold limit value for TNT (1.5 mg/m3) is questioned. PMID- 1246951 TI - An assessment of the effect of improved working conditions on bladder tumor incidence in a benzidine manufacturing facility. AB - Bladder tumor cases at a dye manufacturing plant showed a statistically significant reduction in incidence of tumors following the advent of process changes and strict industrial hygiene control. A useful method of statistical analysis is employed which may have wider use, especially in cases lacking complete epidemiological data. PMID- 1246952 TI - Determination of organochlorine pesticides in the tissues of the black mullet (Mugil cephalus) and the silver mullet (Mugil curema). AB - The black or silver mullet is a suitable fish for determining the degree and type of local water pollution. In contrast to the great barracuda which we studied earlier, mullet did not lose significant quantities of body fat and DDT-type pesticides at the expense of the developing gonads. PMID- 1246953 TI - Early risks of open heart surgery for mitral valve disease. AB - During 1972 and 1973, a total of 235 patients had open heart surgery for mitral valve disease unassociated with significant aortic or rheumatic tricuspid valve disease. Thirty-one underwent closed heart mitral commissurotomy, without mortality. Of the 204 patients undergoing open operation, 125 had sequential measurement of cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen pressure. The hospital mortality rate was 6.4 percent in the larger group of 204 patients and in the 125 with cardiac output measurements. The rate was greater in those with class IV disability (New York Heart Association criteria) preoperatively than in those with class III or II disability. The mean +/- standard deviation of the average cardiac index early postoperatively was 2.05 +/- 0.579 liters-min--1-m--2. Cardiac index was lower in the patients who died early postoperatively than in those who did not. The probability of hospital death was a significant function of cardiac index. The predicted probability of death was 10 percent with an average cardiac index of 1.42 liters-min--1-m--2 and increased sharply with lower indexes. Cardiac index was lower early postoperatively than preoperatively, and was lower in patients in class IV than in those in class III. There was no significant difference in cardiac index between patients with mitral valve replacement and those in repair. A history of closed commissurotomy, age, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of cardiac ischemia and method of myocardial preservation did not significantly influence cardiac index or hospital mortality rate. There was no significant relation between mixed venous oxygen pressure and hospital death. Further improvement in results of mitral valve surgery requires adequate preservation of left ventricular performance before, during and after operation. PMID- 1246954 TI - Risk of death related to coronary arteriography: role of left coronary arterial lesions. AB - Seven deaths occurred within 5 days after study in 800 consecutive patients undergoing arteriography. All seven patients had severe anginal symptoms at rest or with minimal exertion, and all had extensive coronary artery disease. Four had left main coronary artery disease, and three had hemodynamically equivalent lesions involving both the proximal left anterior descending and circumflex branches. It is postulated that these deaths are due to a stress imposed upon patients in unstable condition with a particularly extensive myocardial perfusion deficit. PMID- 1246955 TI - Significance of A-H interval in patients with chronic bundle branch block. Clinical, electrophysiologic and follow-up observations. AB - His bundle electrograms were recorded in 308 adults with chronic bundle branch block. The A-H interval was normal in 249 patients and prolonged in 59. Comparison of patients with normal and prolonged A-H intervals revealed a greater incidence of demonstrable organic heart disease in the latter (P less than 0.01). Dyspnea, cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure were more frequent in patients with A-H prolongation. These patients also had longer P-R intervals and atrioventricular (A-V) nodal effective refractory periods, lower paced rates producing second degree A-V block proximal to the His bundle and a greater frequency of H-V prolongation. All patients were prospectively followed up in a conduction disease clinic with mean follow-up periods (+/- standard error of the mean) of 523 +/- 23 and 588 +/- 47 days in the patients with normal and prolonged A-H intervals, respectively. Seven (3 percent) of the patients with a normal A-H interval had A-V block with probable or definite site of block proximal to the His bundle in three and distal to the His bundle in four. In five of the six patients with a prolonged A-H interval who experienced A-V block (10 percent), the probable or definite site of block was proximal to the His bundle. Mortality (both sudden and nonsudden) was not significantly different in the patients with normal and prolonged A-H intervals. In summary, A-H prolongation was associated with increased incidence of organic heart disease and myocardial dysfunction. The risk of development of A-V nodal block was greater in patients with a prolonged A H interval but appeared to be of minimal clinical significance. PMID- 1246956 TI - Some lessons in cardiovascular epidemiology from Framingham. AB - Epidemiologic investigations have provided a portrait of the potential candidate for coronary heart disease. This is important because studies of the evolution of coronary disease in the general population reveal that it is a common disease that frequently attacks without warning, can be silent in its most dangerous form and can present with sudden death as the first symptom. Progress in identifyin- persons in jeopardy and the factors needing correction makes it theoretically possible to interrupt the chain of factors that eventuate in this disease. Coronary disease does not really begin with crushing chest pain, pulmonary edema, shock, angina or ventricular fibrillation, but rather with more subtle signs like a poor coronary risk profile. The risk factors can be treated quantitatively as ingredients of a cardiovascular risk profile and their joint effect estimated. An efficient practicable set of variables for this purpose is a casual blood test for cholesterol and sugar, a blood pressure determination, an electrocardiogram and a cigarette smoking history. With this set of variables the risk of coronary heart diseases can be estimated over a 30-fold range and 10 percent of the asymptomatic population identified in whom 25 percent of the coronary disease, 40 percent of the occlusive peripheral arterial disease and 50 percent of the strokes and congestive heart failure will evolve. The periodic use of the electrocardiogram at rest and after exercise in persons with a poor risk profile can demonstrate persons with asymptomatic ischemic cardiomyopathy due to advanced coronary artery disease. Most cases of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction represent medical failures; the conditions should have been detected years earlier for preventive management. About 30 percent of patients with infraction will shortly experience new angina, have an annual death rate of 4 percent and a fourfold increased risk of sudden death. Reinfarction will occur at an annual rate of 6 percent, and half the recurrences will be fatal. Congestive heart failure must be expected at 10 times and strokes at 5 times the rate found in the general population. Although no major innovations are required to identify candidates for coronary disease and to estimate their risk, we have much to learn about motivating changes in behavior to control risk factors. Approaches to prevention of coronary heart disease include public health measures to alter the ecology in favor of cardiovascular health, preventive medicine directed at highly vulnerable candidates and hygienic measures initiated by an informed public in its own behalf. PMID- 1246957 TI - Correlation of acute myocardial infarct scintigraphy with postmortem studies. AB - Acute myocardial infarct scintigraphy with technetium-99m-pyrophosphate was performed in a patient with an acute massive transmural infarct. The patient died 12 hours later, and postmortem tracer studies demonstrated a tracer concentration ratio of 13:1 between acutely infarcted myocardium and normal myocardium remote from the infarct. The concentration of tracer in tissue bordering on the infarct but without histologic evidence of acute infarction was 1.5 times that in normal tissue remote from the infarct. In vitro scintigraphy of the excised heart revealed a pattern of tracer distribution similar to that of scintiscans obtained before death. The biologic distribution of 99mTc-pyrophosphate, with large tracer concentrations only within the acutely infarcted tissue, suggests that acute myocardial infarct scintigraphy can be used to estimate the extent of an acute myocardial infarct. PMID- 1246958 TI - Refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in a patient with the prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome: successful control with overdrive pacing. AB - A 56 year old man with the prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome presented with syncope and recurrent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Treatment with antiarrhythmic agents (lidocaine, procainamide and propranolol) was unsuccessful. Overdrive pacing, in combination with propranolol, successfully suppressed the arrhythmias, and the patient remains well after 15 months of follow-up. PMID- 1246959 TI - Significance of cardiac function in surgical management of patients with valvular heart disease. PMID- 1246960 TI - Cardiac valve replacement: an unanswered question. PMID- 1246961 TI - Letter: Echocardiogram in vegetative aortic bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 1246962 TI - Letter: Propranolol therapy during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 1246963 TI - A minimum-surface mechanism to account for the organization of cells into columns in the mammalian epidermis. AB - It has recently been discovered that the stratum corneum and superficial living epidermis of mammalian skin are organized into neat vertical columns of interdigitating cells. The mechanism for this organization has not yet been determined. This study shows that the stacked organization is not unique to the epidermis but also occurs in cork cambium and the pith of woody plant stems. The structural and spatial organization of the stacked cells in these tissues were compared and found to approximate closely the shape of Kelvin's minimum-surface polygon, the tetrakaidecahedron. Paper models of flattened tetrakaidecahedra were constructed and found to stack columns of interdigitating units which are consistent with all of the structural details seen in stacked cells observed under the light and the scanning electron microscopes. Indeed, only polygons of this type are capable of aggregating without interstices in the manner of the stacked cells. A study of stacked arrays of these models has revealed a mechanism by which the epidermis might become organized in columns of stacked and interdigitating cells. The proposed mechanism assumes that cells within an array seek the smallest possible surface-to-volume ratio and, under appropriate conditions, form stacked tetrakaidecahedra. PMID- 1246964 TI - Platelets, endothelial cells and macrophages in the spleen. An ultrastructural study on perfusion-fixed organs. AB - Rabbit spleens have been examined after perfusion fixation with and without prior washing with various fluids. The platelets were stored in the splenic sinuses and in the cord spaces as single platelets, or in loosely packed aggregates which appeared to be anchored to the endothelium by one or a few platelets. After washing prior to fixation most of the platelets disaggregated and regained their normal shape. Some platelets adhered to morphologically normal endothelium even after prolonged perfusion. Occasionally, platelets were observed inside splenic endothelial cells. Others were closely associated with macrophages, many of which also contained engulfed platelets. There was no morphological evidence of a particular platelet population being retained in the spleen after washing. In the sinuses special granule-rich cytoplasmic structures were observed. They were interposed between ordinary endothelial cells and contained a large number of small lysosome-like granules. Nuclei were never observed in these structures, probably because they consisted of pseudopod-like protrusions. Their origin and function are discussed. They may represent actively phagocytizing elements. PMID- 1246965 TI - Hysterectomy in the rat: surgical disruption of the vascular channels reduces number of ova shed. AB - Cycling rats were hysterectomized and/or unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) on day 2 (metestrus). Collateral blood supply to the remaining ovary via the uterine artery was left intact or disrupted. Animals were killed in metestrus after one complete estrous cycle. Control rats were also killed at this time. Counts of tubal ova revealed that intact rats ovulated an average of 4.4 +/- 0.4 eggs per ovary (N = 8). Following ULO, rats (N = 8) ovulated 9.6 +/- 0.2 EGGS. Ligation of the uterine artery decreased the number of eggs ovulated in ULO rats (N = 8) to 5.4 +/- 1.1. Hysterectomized rats (N = 8) ovulated 4.8 +/- 0.5 eggs per ovary. If the blood supply was disrupted, a reduction to 2.7 +/- 0.2 eggs per ovary occurred (N = 8). Hysterectomized and ULO rats (N = 8) ovulated 10.3 +/- 0.4 eggs from the remaining ovary but only 5.0 +/- 1.0 eggs if the collateral blood supply of the uterine artery was not intact (N = 10). The results demonstrate that disruption of the vascular channels during the surgical procedures of hysterectomy and/or ULO results in a reduction of the expected ovulation number. PMID- 1246966 TI - Loss of synapses in the dentate gyrus of the senescent rat. AB - Synapses were counted in electron micrographs of the middle third of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of Fischer 344 rats, 3 months and 25 months of age. A 27% decrease in the number of synapses was found in senescent animals compared with young adults. This loss of synapses could not be correlated with changes in synaptic size. tissue volume or number of postsynaptic granule cells. PMID- 1246967 TI - The fine structure of the chinchilla placenta. AB - The structure of the placental labyrinth, interlobular or "coarse" syncytium, visceral (splanchnopleuric) yolk sac, giant cells and subplacenta of the chinchilla was studied with the electron microscope. The fine structure of the interhemal membrane of the placental labyrinth was found to be hemomonochorial, consisting of a single layer of syncytial trophoblast. In this respect, the placental labyrinth was similar to that of another caviomorph rodent, the guinea pig. The labyrinthine trophoblast had pinocytotic vesicles as well as larger vaculoes and multivesicular bodies. The interlobular syncytium contained granular endoplasmic reticulum, and in one case from early in gestation there were intracisternal granules in the ER. The visceral endodermal cells of the inverted yolk sac placenta had a well-developed system of apical vesicles and tubules as well as larger cytoplasmic vacuoles. Their appearance was similar to that of endodermal cells found in other rodents which are known to absorb proteins and other substances from the uterine lumen. Towards term the giant cells were often vacuolated and contained large deposits of glycogen as well as lipid droplets. The syncytial trophoblast of the subplacenta contained numerous moderately electron-dense granules which may be secretory in function; cytotrophoblastic cells lacked these granules. The subplacental syncytium often surrounded spaces or lacunae which contained an electron-dense granular material. PMID- 1246968 TI - Light and electron microscopic study of the degeneration and early regeneration of olfactory epithelium in the mouse. AB - Degeneration and early regeneration of olfactory epithelium from two strains of mice was studied at the light and electron microscopic levels from 12 hours to 3 days following nasal irrigation with 1% aqueous solution of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) (a compound known to selectively damage olfactory epithelium). Distinct patterns of degeneration and stages of regeneration were evident following treatment. During the first 24 hours after treatment three progressive manifestations of the degenerative process were seen: (1) a relatively mild condition which was characterized by surface irregularities produced by cell protrusions, highly vacuolated cytoplasm, presence of large lysosome-like bodies and prominent intercellular spaces, (2) a more severe condition in which large areas of the epithelium were detached from the basement membrane cellular debris was present in the nasal chamber, and (3) a condition of total or near-total denudation of the epithelium of olfactory mucosa. The basal lamina was continuous and intact in most regions and the integrity of the subadjacent connective tissue was mostly well-preserved. Nerve bundles of the fila olfactoria were noted in varying degrees of degeneration during the course of the experiment. The most advanced neural degeneration was seen 24 to 72 hours after treatment. Onset of regeneration was suggested by the appearance of a simple squamous layer of cells above the basement membrane 48 to 72 hours after treatment. In addition to the simple epithelium a stratified epithelium consisting of two to four cell layers was also observed at this time. Glandular cells, containing secretory granules identical to those in Bowman's glandular cells, were noted in an apparent process of migration from the lamina propria into the the stratified epithelial layer. The last mentioned observation supports the proposition that new supportive epithelial cells originate from cells of Bowman's gland. PMID- 1246969 TI - Experimental hypnosis in a clinical setting: a report of the atypical use of hypnosis in the treatment of a disturbed adolescent. PMID- 1246970 TI - Two level communication and the microdynamics of trance and suggestion. PMID- 1246971 TI - Hypnotic suggestions for blister formation: subjective and physiological effects. PMID- 1246972 TI - Hypnotic perturbation of perceived exertion: ventilatory consequences. PMID- 1246973 TI - Manipulation of visual imagery under various hypnosis conditions. PMID- 1246974 TI - Guilt clarification via age regression. PMID- 1246975 TI - Nitrogen balance and calorie efficiency in small-for-date dwarfism. AB - Accelerated weight gain was induced in eight infants, including two patients with dwarfing syndromes, who were small for their dates of birth and continued to be small after birth. The calorie cost of weight gain was higher than in control infants with linear growth failure due to undernutrition, but the degree of inefficiency did not seem to be of practical significance. Nitrogen retentions were appropriate for weight gain or better. Nitrogen retentions in excess of those expected on the basis of weight gain were seen in infants with small-for date dwarfism and in controls when calorie intakes were low. The ability to induce good nitrogen retentions is thus no reflection of linear growth potential. PMID- 1246976 TI - The effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on the milk lipids of lactating women and the plasma cholesterol of breast-fed infants. AB - The plasma cholesterol concentration and the composition of the plasma fatty acids was altered by dietary means in 10 lactating women. The effects of these changes in the plasma on the lipid constituents of mature human milk were studied over periods of several weeks. In eight infants who were being breast-fed, the changes in the plasma cholesterol concentration were correlated with the changes that were induced in the milk lipids. Significant alteration in the women's plasma cholesterol levels did not change the cholesterol concentration in milk. The cholesterol content of milk was closely correlated with the concentrations of the other milk lipids, supporting a functional role for the cholesterol in the secretion of milk fat. In the maternal milk consumed by the eight infants the linoleate content rose from 9.4% to 15.5% of total fatty acids as a result of a moderate increase in dietary polyunsaturated fat. This led to a fall in the infants' plasma cholesterol levels, from an average of 185 to 157 mg/100 ml. PMID- 1246977 TI - Anthropometric evaluation of the body composition of black, white, and Puerto Rican newborns. AB - One hundred ninety-four white, black, and Puerto Rican infants 1 to 5 days old were measured in the ward nurseries of two Philadelphia city hospitals. In addition to birth weight and length, triceps and subscapular skinfolds and upper arm circumference were obtained. Upper arm muscle circumference was calculated. Females had greater skinfold thicknesses than males but significant differences were found only for the triceps. Whites and blacks did not differ in skinfold thickness, but the Puerto Rican infants had significantly smaller triceps skinfolds. Differences in nutritional status are attributed to environmental factors. PMID- 1246978 TI - Liver storage iron in Canadians. AB - Liver samples were collected at 105 (78 males and 27 females) autopsies carried out on accident victims in seven cities of Canada. The age of individuals ranged from newborn to 89 years but about 75% of them were 19 to 65 years old. The liver iron stores of males were high at birth (150 to 300 mug/g), decreasing to around 100 mug/g in the second year. This level was maintained up to about 15 years and then increased to approximately 250 mug/g in 2 to 3 years. After 55 years, the hepatic iron stores tended to decrease. Although the number of samples from females was small, there was an indication of high stores (above 200 mug/g) at birth followed by a decline to values from 50 to 150 mug/g. This level was generally maintained in females throughout life. Storage iron in the livers of stillborn infants was high, ranging from 200 to 1600 mug/g. Analysis of liver samples from 64 persons (50 males and 14 females) who died of cardiovascular diseased showed that males under 45 years had lower iron stores than the corresponding accident victims. PMID- 1246979 TI - Sugar as a vehicle for iron fortification. AB - Sugar as a vehicle for iron fortification presents several advantages over the other vehicles used in the last three decades. In vitro studies demonstrated that ferrous sulfate added to sugar in proportion of 1 mg to 1 g, respectively, is maintained in the ferrous form for a period of at least 1 year and does not induce adverse changes in the vehicle. Sugar, by itself, carries practically no inhibitors for the absorption of iron. Iron absorption from fortified sugar mixed with vegetals is the same as that of native vegetal iron. The absorption from fortified sugar is increased more than 50% over that observed from native vegetal when it is administered as a drink during the ingestion of a meal. A further increase in absorption was found when fortified sugar was administered with beverages. The mean absorption ratio of fortified sugar given with orange juice, Coca-Cola, and Pepsi-Cola to a reference dose of iron ascorbate was between 0.45 and 0.66, which is more than 3 times the absorption of this iron fortification mixed with vegetals. The mean absorption ratio from coffee was 0.30, and from coffee with milk, 0.15. These data indicate that the fortification of sugar with iron could be a better procedure for the prevention of iron deficiency than the iron fortification of bread and wheat products, from which iron is poorly absorbed. It could be used in developing countries where beverages are highly consumed by the low socioeconomic class. This program could be extended to all sugar consumption or be restricted to soft drinks. PMID- 1246980 TI - Low fiber content of Connecticut diets. AB - Recent theories have postulated that low fiber diets are related to colon cancer and diverticulosis, and to atherosclerosis. These theories are based on British and African diet history information. There has been no recent assessment of fiber intake in an area of high incidence of colonic disease in the United States. Using recall diet histories in subjects with no disease and with colon disease, and correcting our data to account for any loss in recall history, we find a low daily fiber intake in all 21 subjects evaluated, mean 3.5 g, range 1.6 to 11 g. There was no statistical difference in intake among patients with or without colon disease. The data agree with the British findings. Since the incidence of the diseases in question is not uniform in the United States it is suggested that diet surveys are needed in areas where colon carcinoma is of low incidence. PMID- 1246981 TI - Nutritional status of a population sample in Macon County, Alabama. AB - A nutrition survey was conducted in Macon County, Alabama, with a population sample of 102 individuals, 76% of whom were black. Three 24-hr dietary recalls were obtained for each participant and 24 nutrients and energy were calculated for each combined 3-day intake. Serological and hematological analyses of blood were performed. Dietary calculations indicated that intakes of calcium, vitamin B12, calories, and iron were lowest within the population sample. Blood analyses did not confirm the calculated inadequacies of dietary calcium, vitamin B12, or iron. Body weight data did not support the calculated inadequate energy intakes. Serum analysis indicated a folic acid deficiency. Mean intakes of energy and macronutrients were higher in nonblacks than in blacks; for most vitamins and minerals, the same was true. The lower calcium intakes among blacks than among nonblacks in the growing years exceeded the differential in energy intakes. Higher serum vitamin B12 levels in blacks than in nonblacks were observed but not explained. PMID- 1246982 TI - Coexistence of Hodgkin's disease and Gaucher's disease. AB - A case of Hodgkin's disease associated with long-standing Gaucher's disease is presented and compared with the only previously reported case. The two diseases coexisted in lymph nodes both above and below the diaphragm, liver, bone marrow, and pancreas. The question of a possible relationship of the two diseases is discussed. PMID- 1246983 TI - Acute lobular (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis with hyperuricemia and obstructive uric acid nephropathy. AB - Obstructive uric acid nephropathy, a potentially lethal complication of acute renal failure due to glomerulonephritis, is described and illustrated. The factors leading to its occurrence and the reasons it may be undetected are detailed. Lobular glomerulonephritis is also briefly defined once again. PMID- 1246984 TI - Letters to the Editor: Critique of the college of american pathologist partial thromboplastin time survey. PMID- 1246985 TI - Editorial: Metrication from crawl to walk. PMID- 1246986 TI - Editorial: SI units--a clarification. PMID- 1246987 TI - Isolated lymphoid hyperplasia of the bone marrow simulating malignant lymphoma. AB - Lymphoid hyperplasia of the bone marrow occasionally resembles malignant lymphoma and may lead to confusion in bone marrow interpretation. The case of a patient with an unusual variant of isolated bone marrow lymphoid hyperplasia in which histologic overlap with lymphoma was found is presented. The case illustrates the difficulties in bone marrow interpretation that lymphoid hyperplasia can present. One cannot always rely on the number, size, or general pattern of lymphoid nodules to determine whether a lesion is benign or malignant. We suggest that when isolated lymphoid hyperplasia is composed of mature lymphocytes and confined to the marrow, a diagnosis of malignant lymphoproliferative disease should not be made. PMID- 1246988 TI - Serum chloride analysis, bromide detection, and the diagnosis of bromism. AB - Current methods for determining serum chloride concentration vary in specificity. Laboratory detection of bromide in serum is usually dependent on spuriously high chloride values. In the absence of historical information, the chemical identification of bromide in serum may be the only diagnostic sign of bromism. Bromide may be found in as many as 1% of sera obtained from inpatients of a general hospital. Ion-selective electrodes and some thiocyanate methods for chloride analysis can be highly sensitive to bromide (interference). Chloride electrodes are also sensitive to iodide. PMID- 1246989 TI - Bleeding times, platelet adhesion, and aspirin. AB - The effects of aspirin on well-standardized commercially produced platelet adhesiveness devices and template bleeding times were simultaneously studied in 19 normal volunteers. As expected, there was significant prolongation of the bleeding time after aspirin, but there was no change in platelet adhesion. Reason for the different effects of aspirin on the two tests are discussed. In addition, the normal range of platelet adhesion was further defined utilizing commercially prepared glass-bead columns. PMID- 1246990 TI - Transferrin loss into the urine with hypochromic, microcytic anemia. AB - Anemia developing during the course of chronic renal disease is a frequent complication often necessitating periodic transfusion therapy. A number of etiologic factors have been implicated, including decreased production of erythropoietin; decreased erythrocyte life span secondary to uremia and splenomegaly; increased bleeding tendency due to platelet dysfunction; and acquired lack of folic acid and iron. This paper concerns the problem of acquired hypochromic, microcytic anemia secondary to heavy urinary loss of iron and transferrin in a child with the nephrotic syndrome. The patient had microcytic, hypochromic anemia with serum iron, 12 mug. per dl. and a serum iron-binding capacity of 12 mug. per dl. There was no evidence of major bleeding resulting in a chronic hemorrhagic anemia. Urinary iron was 64 mug. per dl., with a urinary iron-binding capacity of 366 mug. per dl. Renal biopsy showed mesangio proliferative glomerulonephritis. Evaluation of any patient with the nephrotic syndrome should include careful analysis of the various serum and urinary proteins and determination of serum and urinary iron and iron-binding capacity. This information would offer a more precise evaluation of the underlying cause of anemia in the nephrotic patient who may develop urinary loss of iron and transferrin and subsequent hypochromic, microcytic anemia. PMID- 1246991 TI - The effect of thrombocytopenia on the determination of platelet aggregation. AB - Platelet aggregation has been widely assumed to be unmeasurable in thrombocytopenic samples. Using a sensitive differential self differential self calibrating aggregometer, and standard aggregating agents, aggregation was measured in serially diluted platelet-rich plasma. Aggregation induced by ADP or collagen was reproducible at platelet counts as low as 50,000 per cu. mm., and with epinephrine aggregation was reproducible at platelet counts as low as 75,000 per cu. mm. PMID- 1246992 TI - The primary pulmonary lymph node complex of crytptococcosis. AB - A cryptococcal primary pulmonary lymph node complex has been demonstrated at autopsy or after thoracotomy in 1% of the cases of cryptococcosis. Stepwise microscopic examination of hilar lymph nodes should reveal a more frequent incidence of this rare but now well-documented complex. Nine examples of the cryptococcal complex are extant, including three herewith reported from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Four of these complexes developed in apparently normal persons and five in those hypersusceptible to infection because of neutropenia, diabetes, renal insufficiency, or corticosteroid therapy. The complexes in the normal persons were circumscribed granulomas and represented first-infection cryptococcosis similar to first-infection tuberculosis. There was a chronic course and a good prognosis with surgical resection. The complexes in the compromised hosts were predominantly acute diffuse pneumonias and large diffuse lesions of the lymph nodes, and were interpreted as first-infection cryptococcosis with massive spread facilitated by the compromised state. All these compromised patients died within a few weeks. PMID- 1246993 TI - Failure to thrive. Can treatment be effectively investigated? PMID- 1246994 TI - Computerized axial tomography. PMID- 1246995 TI - Computerized axial tomography of craniofacial malformations. A preliminary report. AB - Computerized axial tomography is a new radiologic technique that permits noninvasive study of the skull, brain, and cerebral ventricles. This technique has been applied to the study of craniofacial malformations prior to intracranial surgical correction. The assessment of the cerebral ventricles is valuable as a base line study as well as helpful in detecting unsuspected abnormalities in the brain prior to surgery. PMID- 1246996 TI - Behavioral disturbances among failure-to-thrive children. AB - The eating, sleeping, elimination, autoerotic and self-harming behavior of 19 preschool failure-to-thrive children was studied. Their behavior was compared to a group of 19 children growing normally for their chronological age. Information was obtained by repeated home visits by public health nurses. The growth-retarded children had more feeding difficulties as infants, had skimpier, less regular meals, and had poorer response to food when rated on a five-point scale. Their daily caloric intake was lower. There was no substantial differences between groups for sleeping, elimination, autoerotic, and self-harming behaviors when each area was separately analyzed. However, when all the disturbances were summed, there was clear evidence that the failure-to-thrive children had a noticeably greater number of abnormalities than the control group. PMID- 1246997 TI - Growth of previously well-nourished infants in poor homes. AB - Twenty-six infants from very poor families were assured adequate diets in protected environments to average age 17.6 months. Ten female infants' mean length reached the tenth percentile and sixteen males' the 25th; female infants' mean weight nearly reached the 50th and males', the 75th. "Norms" in similar environments are near the third percentile for length and the tenth for weight, from infancy through childhood. Six months after returning to original homes there was no further growth in length or head circumference and a mean weight loss of 800 gm, thus declining to environmental norms. Growth followed these patterns until 4 to 8 years of age. Head circumference paralleled linear growth. In very poor environments, nearly maximal growth during the first two years of life apparently does not protect against the characteristic stunting, which may represent an appropriate adaptation. PMID- 1246998 TI - Well-child care by pediatric nurse practitioners in a large group practice. A controlled study in 1,152 preschool children. AB - A controlled two-year study of the effectiveness of well-child care by pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) of 1,152 children, newborns through age 22 months, was made at the Kaiser-Peranente Medical Centers in San Francisco and Oakland, Calif. In this setting of a large, prepaid, group practice health care plan, the PNPs were found to be entirely competent in maintaining the health of their patients, and were generally accepted by the parents. Effects on utilization of medical care facilities were minimal. Costs of well-child care were reduced. PMID- 1246999 TI - Berkson fallacy revisited. Spurious conclusions from patient surveys. AB - Clinical surveys of "selected" convenient patient samples (hospital or clinic) can lead to spurious conclusions unless the relationship of selected patients to the source population is carefully controlled. The possibility of biased conclusions from uneven selection rates of patients is called Berkson fallacy. Studies of cerebral palsy and low birth weight provide clear examples of Berkson fallacy. A fictitious clinical survey of cerebral palsy and low birth weight is presented to illustrate how Berkson fallacy may lead to interesting but spurious conclusions from patient surveys. PMID- 1247000 TI - Physical growth of Ethnic groups comprising the US population. PMID- 1247001 TI - The Stickler syndrome (hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy). PMID- 1247002 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 1247003 TI - Childhood polymyositis with cardiac conduction defects. AB - Pediatric polymyositis may be an entity distinct from dermatomyositis. Chronic polymyositis can occur in childhood and, as in adults, may be associated with arrhythmias. Microscopical involvement of the myocardium and pericardium in dermatomyositis is probably far more common than suspected on clinical grounds. Cardiac evaluation is suggested for all children with dermatomyositis or polymyositis, particularly prior to surgical procedures. Intracardiac electrographic recording techniques offer improved accuracy in determining the site of cardiac conduction defects, and may aid in planning for the use of antiarrhythmia medications or a pacemaker. In children with dermatomyositis or polymyositis known cardiac stimulants should be administered with care. PMID- 1247004 TI - Acute athetosis as a result of phenytoin toxicity in a child. AB - A case of acute athetosis in a child was found to be related to phenytoin toxicity. Symptoms were intermittent and coincided with drug administration. More common toxic effects were not noted on initial evaluation of the patient. PMID- 1247005 TI - Torsion of a visceroptosed spleen. AB - Torsion of the pedicle of a visceroptosed spleen, a rare condition, was diagnosed preoperatively in a 4-year-old girl, with the aid of history, physical examination, blood smear findings, splenic scans with technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid, and selective angiography. A splenectomy was performed, and the child made an uneventful recovery. This case report illustrates some of the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations pertaining to torsion of the spleen. PMID- 1247006 TI - Some bacteriologic aspects of the epidemiology of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. AB - A study was carried out to investigate the drug resistance patterns of the prevalent tubercle bacilli in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in and about the city of Lahore, Pakistan. This report includes 168 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from the same number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases (100 untreated cases, defined as patients either having no history of anti-tuberculous therapy or having had chemotherapy for not more than 10 days; 68 treated, defined as having had chemotherapy for more than 10 days), and 162 strains from the same number of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases (77 untreated, 38 treated and 47 doubtful). The proportion method of drug susceptibility assay was employed. According to the procedures used in this study and with 1% as the critical proportion for resistance, bacterial resistance was found to be very prevalent in pulmonary tuberculosis. Even among those cases in which no history of previous treatment was elicited, 46% were found to be excreting populations of tubercle bacilli having some degree of resistance to one or more of the primary drugs--isoniazid, streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid. In treated cases, 86.8% were found to have some resistance to one or more drugs. Overall, resistance to streptomycin was found to be commonest. Drug resistance was observed to be somewhat less common in extrapulmonary than in pulmonary tuberculosis, with streptomycin resistance predominating. Although both catalase-positive and catalase-negative isoniazid-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis were isolated from patients with pulmonary disease, no catalase negative strains were isolated from patients with extrapulmonary disease, suggesting limited pathogenic potentialities of catalase-negative strains for man. Epidemiologic aspects of these observations are discussed. PMID- 1247007 TI - Variola minor in Braganca Paulista county, 1956. Attack rates in various population units of the two schools including most students with the disease. AB - Overall attack rates were different for the two schools but were the same when only classes with cases were considered. Of the 49 classes (from both schools) with susceptible students, 29 had cases. In these, the attack rate among susceptibles ranged from 4-69%. The differences between the class rates were highly statistically significant. In the Jose Guilherme School, 17 out of 21 classes containing susceptibles had cases as compared with 12 out of 28 classes in the Jorge Tibirica School. Attack rates differed little between schools for either the early or late shift classes, but the attack rate for early shift classes in both schools together (39%) significantly exceeded that for the late shifts (16%). Within-shift attack rate differences were highly significant for the first-shift classes but not significant for classes in the other shifts. Attack rates differed significantly by classroom population (group of students using a classroom including all shifts), mainly because of heterogeneous rates in one school. Attack rates by desk column did not differ significantly even when comparing the column seating the earliest, the latest or the "previous" case in the class with the remaining columns. Attack rates by desk row also did not differ significantly. There was no important progressive association between attack rates and size of "unit of susceptibles" (group combining columns and rows), but there was a significant difference for unit size. Attack rates were not influenced by cluster seating of susceptibles. PMID- 1247008 TI - A note on controlling significance levels in stepwise regression. PMID- 1247009 TI - Background of angina pectoris: social and environmental factors in relation to smoking. AB - Questionnaire data on about 1200 male twin pairs from the Registry at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, and on about 4000 male twin pairs from the Registry of the National Research Council, Washington, DC, have been used to study factors affecting angina pectoris. An operational definition of "angina pectoris" was developed from the questionnaire. In the available data, alcohol drinking, lack of exercise, frequent change of employer, low occupational adjustment and smoking are moderately but significantly related to angina among individuals (disregarding twin relationships) in both Sweden and the US. In monozygous US twin pairs discordant for the above variables, significantly different rates of angina appear only with alcohol drinking. In discordant dizygous US twin pairs, significantly different rates of angina appear with alcohol drinking and with low occupational adjustment. Of the independent variables only smoking and drinking are appreciably associated with each other. These findings suggest that alcohol drinking and to a lesser extent occupational adjustment are related to angina directly and not through their association with other factors such as age, genetic background, smoking, physical exercise and early environment. PMID- 1247010 TI - Cigarette-smoking and nonfatal myocardial infarction: rate ratio in relation to age, sex and predisposing conditions. AB - The relationship of cigarette-smoking and nonfatal myocardial infarction (AMI) was evaluated using the case-control approach. Overall, the association was present for smokers of one and two packs per day, the standardized rate-ratio estimates being 1.5 and 1.7, respectively. The association was strongest in those who had a low risk score for AMI and particularly strong for people in the earliest (fifth) decade of age. People with diabetes and/or angina manifested no association between cigarette-smoking and AMI. PMID- 1247011 TI - A comparison of four methods for determining prevalence of induced abortion, Taiwan, 1970-1971. AB - A methodological study of four procedures for obtaining information about induced abortion was done in Taiwan in 1970 and 1971. About 2000 women were in a repeat interview group and seen every six weeks for nine rounds; one-half of these were also asked to provide urine on each round for a pregnancy test. Another 2000 women were interviewed only once; about one-half were asked "standard" knowledge, attitude, and practice questions about their reproductive history, including abortion. The other one-half were asked the same questions except they were not queried about their practice of abortion, but rather were asked to participate in the randomized response technique (RRT). Three methods produced estimates that 13 14% of the women had had an induced abortion. The RRT gave a significantly higher estimate, 28%. All methods used were judged feasible, although there is a suggestion that, without some improvement, the RRT may be difficult to use in low literacy populations. The repeat interview did not demonstrate advantage over the single interview in obtaining prevalence of women with a history of induced abortion. Ths use of a shorter interval with probing when the pregnancy test is positive might improve identification of recent abortions. PMID- 1247012 TI - Serologic studies in 11,460 pregnant women during the 1972 rubella epidemic in Israel. AB - A total of 11,460 women in the first 4 months of pregnancy, either exposed to or with suspected clinical rubella were tested for rubella antibody during an extensive epidemic of this disease in 1972. The proportion of women who were seronegative decreased from 25% at the beginning of the epidemic to 16% toward the end. In 542 (79%) of 682 cases with suspected clinical rubella, the laboratory findings were consistent with recent rubella infection, while in the remaining 140 cases of suspected clinical rubella recent infection could be excluded by serologic tests. CF tests were more useful than HI for confirmation of clinical rubella, and especially for retrospective diagnosis, since elevated titers (larger than or equal to 1:16) were suggestive of recent infection. Paired sera were tested from 4203 patients exposed to rubella: 1126 of the subjects were seronegative and the remaining 3077 seropositive (HI larger than or equal to 1:16) on first testing. In the seronegative group, 278 seroconversions were detected (24.6%): 247 cases of clinical rubella (21.9%) and 31 seroconversions without clinical symptoms (2.7%). Among the seropositive subjects in 2306 instances (74.9%) recent subclinical rubella could be excluded by low and stable HI or CF antibody titers in paired sera. In 32 (1.1%) an antibody rise (HI or CF) without clinical symptoms was detected, and in the remaining 739 (24%) high CF titers were found in paired sera, and these were classified as suspected subclinical rubella. PMID- 1247013 TI - An extensive rubella epidemic in Israel, 1972: selected epidemiologic characteristics. AB - An extensive rubella epidemic which occurred in Israel in the spring of 1972 provided an opportunity for several observations: 1) This epidemic had been preceded by another extensive outbreak in 1962. The interepidemic period was characterized by persistence of some rubella activity and occurrence of limited outbreaks at irregular intervals. 2) The crude annual attack rate based on the number of recorded cases among a 2,160,000 Sick Fund insured population was 315 per 10,000; this was about 5.4 times higher than the attack rate calculated from the number of cases reported to the Public Health Offices. In selected areas, where the medical personnel had been canvassed, the attack rate was 1,101 in a population of 19,131. 3) Highest specific attack rates were observed in the age groups 5-9 and 1-4, followed by the age group 10-14. 4) A slight predominance was observed in male cases aged 1-4 and female cases aged 20-24. 5) The peak occurred 1-3 months after the epidemic started, and stopped very quickly at the beginning of the summer, one month after the kindergartens and schools commenced the summer holidays. PMID- 1247014 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an epidemiologic study in Israel. AB - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a disease related to measles (rubeola) infection, was more common in Arabs and Sephardi Jews than in Ashkenazi Jews in Israel. There were no familial aggregates and it is unlikely that genetic differences account for this selectivity. Among several non-genetic factors which might explain the selectivity, family size emerged as a possible risk factor. Family size has not previously been suspected as influencing the risk of SSPE. Preponderance of SSPE in rural areas and among the poor would also be compatible with this idea as family size tends to be larger in rural and lower socioeconomic groups. In large families, there may be a greater change that older siblings will transmit measles to very young siblings. In small families, measles may be acquired from peers at about school age when risk of SSPE may be lower. PMID- 1247015 TI - Brucella suis infection in Philadelphia. A survey of hog fever and asymptomatic brucellosis. AB - Examination of hospital and public health records revealed 19 cases of brucellosis diagnosed in Philadelphia between 1968 and 1972. A serologic survey at Philadelphia's largest hog-processing plant, however, indicated infection in 39% of workers. If extrapolated industry-wide, the total would be several hundred in Philadelphia. The infection is usually unrecognized or asymptomatic, since men were active in physically demanding jobs with agglutinin titers in excess of 1:5000. Overt illness, usually first diagnosed after weeks of incapacity, responded readily to tetracycline therapy. Although clinical manifestations are nonspecific, attention to occupational history should quickly lead to the diagnosis. It is emphasized that any hog-processing plant, wherever located, is potentially a reservoir of brucellosis. Prolonged morbidity and loss of production time might be avoided if physicians were more alert to this infection. Agglutinins in possibly significant titers were also found in a small fraction of persons without identifiable exposure. PMID- 1247016 TI - HL-A antigens in North American black families. AB - The polymorphic HL-A histocompatibility system has been studied in North American black families. The family studies show that haplotype frequencies differ between black and white populations. Seven haplotypes (W28,W5; W28,W17; W28, undefined four; W23,W5; W19,W5; undefined LA,W5; and undefined LA, undefined four) were significantly more frequent in blacks than whites, while haplotypes 1,8 and 3,7 were significantly less frequent. Some of these differences may be accounted for by differences in gene frequencies between the two groups; other differences may be explained by linkage disequilibrium in the white population. No significant linkage disequilibrium between the LA and FOUR loci was found in the black population. PMID- 1247017 TI - The Diego blood groups: a genetic linkage analysis. AB - Data are presented which show that the Diego blood groups are not part of the Dombrock or Yt blood group systems and that the locus controlling Di is not closely linked to the loci controlling ABO, Fy, Jk, Kell, MNSs, Rh, Gm, Inv, AcP,ADA, PGD, and UMPK. PMID- 1247018 TI - Nonrandom distribution of exchange points in patients with structural rearrangements. AB - High resolution studies of structural rearrangements were carried out using the G band technique. A total of 220 breakage points were identified within individual bands from 117 unrelated cases born with a structural rearrangement. Breakage points were not evenly distributed along chromosomes in terms of G-band patterns. There was an excess involvement of light bands and a striking lack of dark bands in both reciprocal translocations and inversions. In reciprocal translocations, the middle part of a chromosome arm has less chance of being the site of an exchange than the terminal and centromeric parts. The implications of these results are briefly discussed. PMID- 1247019 TI - Biochemical and genetic studies of plasma and leukocyte alpha-L-fucosidase. AB - Deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase in plasma and leukocytes has been demonstrated in three patients affected with fucosidosis. The measurement of plasma fucosidase activity alone is of little diagnostic value. Several normal individuals were found to have extremely low plasma alpha-L-fucosidase activity, but normal activity in leukocyte preparations. The low plasma enzyme activity exhibited by clinically normal individuals appears to be an inherited characteristic. The plasma enzyme was found to be different from that of leukocytes in terms of electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 1247021 TI - Incidence of aneuploidy in a human population. AB - A population of 40,371 individuals consisting of every baby delivered at two Denver hospitals from 1964 to 1974 has been screened from aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes and chromosome 21. The pattern in time with which aneuploidy occurs suggests an epidemic component of the incidence superimposed on an approximately equal constant frequency. The epidemic incidence is most likely to be high for births from May to October, to persist for several consecutive years, and then to be absent for several consecutive years. PMID- 1247020 TI - Evidence for "deleted" or "silent" genes homozygous at the locus coding for the constant region of the gamma3 chain. AB - Three uncommon stable Gm haplotypes, Gm3;23;--, Gm1,2,17;..;-- and Gm1,17;..;-- have been transmitted through 3 generations of two related Lebanese and Syrian families. No pathological consequence was noted in seven individuals, aged 14- 65, whose sera were deficient for all the allotypes carried by the IgG3 chains. Among the different genetic events which could have produced these haplotypes (alteration of a regulatory gene, point mutation, gene hybridization, gene deletion), it appears that a structural deletion is the most probable explanation. The observed data can be explained by either a partial or a total deletion of the constant portion of the IgG3 heavy chain. PMID- 1247022 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes in Sardinia. AB - 1218 individuals from Sardinia island (Italy) were tested for Gm and Km markers; 10 were not tested for Gm and only 401 were typed for Am markers. The peculiar genetic makeup of the Sardinian population is confirmed by their Gm allotypes. Their differences from those found in a control population of continental Italy (Ferrara), suggest ancient contacts with the Middle East and Africa. An indication for such contacts may also be found in the striking presence of the haplotype Gm f;n;bsc5, a haplotype not previously found in a human population. A significant difference of G2m(n) allotype was observed between highland and lowland regions. If confirmed, it may suggest an adaptive pressure related to the CH2 region of the gamma2 chain, possibly due to endemic malaria in the past. PMID- 1247023 TI - Admission procedures: A survey of current methodology. AB - A survey was conducted by the Department of Medical Technology at Wayne State University to determine current admission procedures for student selection. With more applicants applying for clinical education than can be accepted, the selection process becomes critical. Questionnaires were sent to institutions throughout the United States with accredited programs in medical technology. Among the findings, trends indicate the use of grade point average, separate evaluation of science grades, use of an admissions committee, and a dependence on references and transcripts in selecting students. In addition, the study shows that in all the accredited programs surveyed, including universities, hospitals, Veterans Administration hospitals, and others, an average of 82 students apply each year for the 15 available positions, a ratio of 5.5:1. PMID- 1247024 TI - A quality control program for analytical procedures using standard additions. AB - A technique is presented which permits the rapid, simple quality control of analyses that are calibrated by the method of standard additions. The control program is based on the recovery of known amounts of added-in standard material, rather than the direct reading of instrument response. PMID- 1247026 TI - Preparation and storage of control slides for fetal hemoglobin determination by acid elution. AB - To simplify the reading of acid eluted blood smears for fetal hemoglobin, positive and negative controls are placed side by side on a single slide. Red blood cells having high Hb F content are stained a bright pink in contrast to cells devoid of Hb F which appear as ghost cells with a faint pink outline. A method for preparing, fixing, and short-term storing of control slides with their subsequent room temperature acid elution and staining is given. PMID- 1247025 TI - Evaluation of an improved Reagent Strip system for measuring blood glucose. AB - Using a new, synthetic whole-blood control and an improved reflectance meter, the within-run precision of Dextrostix Reagent Strips for quantitative determination of blood-glucose levels is compared with three common manual methods (hexokinase, o-toluidine, and glucose oxidase), and one automated method (neocuproine AutoAnalyzer). In addition, the strip is compared on a day-to-day basis with the o-toluidine method. Dextrostix, used with the new instrument and control, provides results that compare very well with the other methods for within-run precision, and with the o-toluidine method for day-to-day results. PMID- 1247027 TI - Evaluation of the Clinicard sulfobromphthalein procedure. AB - As each new procedure has been developed by Harleco for the Instrumentation Laboratory, Inc. Clinicard Analyzer 368 instrument, the chemistry department at Americus and Sumter County Hospital has carefully evaluated the procedure and stistically compared it against the existing proceudre before the changeover was made. We have had excellent results with all but one of these procedures. This paper contains the results and the methods of statistical analysis used to compare the new sulfobromphthalein (SBP) procedure with our existing procedure. We found that the omission of a pre-injection specimen from the procedure to be used as a blank made a significant difference in results. PMID- 1247028 TI - Evaluation of an automated coulometric back-titration analysis of bicarbonate. AB - The bicarbonate module of the Stat/Ion was assessed in a clinical laboratory setting. Within run precision was evaluated by doing replicate analyses of patients' sera. Day-to-day precision was studied by making daily replicate analyses of buffered serum controls. The values for bicarbonate on the Stat/Ion were compared to Skeggs' method for determining carbon dioxide content on the AutoAnalyzer I. It was also compared to the value calculated from the pH and carbon dioxide pressure values obtained on the IL313-03 Blood pH/Gas system. Bilirubin interference was studied. PMID- 1247029 TI - Comparison of the Coag-a-mate Dual Channel with the Fibrometer. AB - The Coag-a-mate Dual Channel is compared with the Fibrometer in performance of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for commercial controls and patient specimens. The precision of duplicate APTT measurements was significantly better for the Coag-a-mate Dual Channel. However, the precision of duplicate PT measurement was not different between the two instruments. Although the Coag-a-mate Dual Channel did not offer any time saving on single measurements, analysis time was considerably reduced with batches of three or more samples. PMID- 1247031 TI - Hematology problem of the month. PMID- 1247030 TI - Medical technology education II: Evaluation of a classroom-laboratory program. AB - Data gathered on the graduates of the first three classes of the University of Colorado medical technology program student classroom-laboratory approach indicate that these graduates are successful medical technologists, although the program is nontraditional. The program includes lecture-laboratory sessions in a student laboratory setting with a shortened clinical education component. Questionnaires to evaluate 11 aspects of work performance were submitted to each graduate's immediate supervisor. Seventy-seven per cent of the evaluations were returned. Ninety per cent of those evaluated were rated as successful technologists (average performance or better). Following 7 to 12 months of job experience, graduates showed no significant change in work performance ratings. Therefore, using a classroom-laboratory setting prior to the clinical component appears to be an effective means of educating medical technologists. PMID- 1247032 TI - ASMT position statement on the use of the title administrative technologist. PMID- 1247033 TI - Attitudes toward mentally retarded persons: effects of attitude referent specificity. AB - The effects of the specificity of the attitude referent on female adults' expressed attitudes were studied. Specifically, attitudes towards "mentally retarded person" referent were compared with attitudes toward mentally retarded referents who were described in terms of their severity of retardation and CA. Results indicated that expressed attitudes toward a nondescript mentally retarded person referent were generally intermediate in favorability between mildy and severely retarded person referents. The response format of the attitude questionnaire (e.g., Likert, forced-choice) was also found to affect attitude scores differentially as a function of the referent employed. PMID- 1247034 TI - Sexual knowledge and attitudes of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded adolescents. AB - Sixty-one noninstitutionalized and 60 institutionalized mentally retarded adolescents were psychometrically assessed on three measures: sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and self-concept. The two groups differed on total score on sex knowledge only, with the non institutionalized group being more knowledgeable. With regard to sexual attitudes and self-concept, the two groups did not differ in terms of total correct statements. Internal consistency demonstrated on all the measures ranged from .50 to .90. Intercorrelations of relevant variables for each group (10 for the noninstitutionalized, 13 for the institutionalized) produced several significant correlations. Results were discussed with reference to the development of a standardized instrument for assessing sex-education programs for mentally retarded persons. PMID- 1247035 TI - Effects of restricted sampling on ITPA scaled scores. AB - The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) has received considerable attention as an instrument which can be used to assess and prescribe for individual learning problems. The ITPA was standardized on what was regarded as an "average" sample. One major criterion for determining "average" was an IQ between 84 and 116 on the abbreviated 1960 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Form L-M. In the present study, the effects of restricted sampling on the basis of IQ were examined, with the use of a simulation model. The results revealed that restricted sampling distorted certain derived scores, exaggerated mean dispersion scores, and made the analysis of individual profiles all but impossible. Restricted sampling was discussed in relation to the ITPA. PMID- 1247036 TI - Responses to frustration: comparison of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded adolescents and nonretarded children and adolescents. AB - Thirty adolescents (10 institutionalized retarded, 10 noninstitutionalized retarded, 10 nonretarded CA-matched) and 10 children (nonretarded MA-matched) were individually given the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (Children's Form). Responses were scored for direction of blame and reaction type, yielding nine frustration response categories. Three of the nine response categories showed significant group relationships. Retardation, institutionalization, and CA were all found to have an effect on responding, although analysis of response profiles showed all groups to be very similar in response pattern. PMID- 1247037 TI - Some interpersonal consequences of being mentally ill or mentally retarded. AB - The present study was carried out at an institution for mentally retarded persons where the subjects (college students) were transported. Under the guise of being "normal," mentally ill, or mentally retarded, each of four confederates met three independent groups of subjects. The verbal reports of the subjects did not vary a great deal as a function of condition, but amount of pain inflicted in an experimental task was strikingly different. In the mentally retarded confederate condition, shocks delivered were shorter and less intense than those given in the "normal" or mentally ill confederate conditions. Since subjects had to teach the confederate, they might have been kinder in the mentally retarded confederate condition because less was expected of the learner. Evidence was also found suggesting that the social impact of stigmas depends on the personal characteristics of the stigmatized person. PMID- 1247038 TI - Eyelid conditioning and intellectual level: effects of repeated acquisition and extinction. AB - Groups of college students and moderately retarded persons averaging approximately equal age received eight alternating phases of acquisition and extinction trials with an electric pulse as the unconditioned stimulus for classical eyelid conditioning. The two conditioning groups did not differ significantly in attaining the acquisition criterion during any phase and showed systematic improvement in approaching the maximal rate of acquisition. However, the college students exhibited abrupt extinction in every phase, in contrast to retarded subjects. "Learning to learn" in the retarded group was more marked across acquisition than across extinction phases. Random control groups of the two subject classes displayed equal relative frequencies of nonconditioned blinks. Some of the findings clearly contradict a stimulus-context hypothesis of differences in learning rate associated with IQ level. PMID- 1247039 TI - IQ, mental age, complexity, and trial blocks and the response latency of retarded and nonretarded children. AB - The relationship between MA, IQ, complexity, and trial blocks on the processing performance of nonretarded and retarded children was examined. The main effect of trial blocks and an interaction between MA and Complexity were found to be significant. These results supported the conclusion that MA and not IQ is important for information processing. PMID- 1247040 TI - Exploratory investigation of the ability of attendants to plan their own training program. AB - A study was made of the ability of attendants in residential institutions for mentally retarded persons to plan an attendant-training program. A mailback survey of attendants in two midwestern institutions yielded 173 respondents. Planning-related responses were for originality, practicality, and completeness. Measures of job satisfaction, attitudes toward mental retardation, and demographic information were also obtained. It was hypothesized that the majority of attendants would be able to outline a training program for attendants and that planning ability would be related to the other variables measured. Tryon and Bailey's cluster analysis method was used, and four relatively independent clusters were found: rated training suggestions, job satisfaction, segregation exclusion attitude, and tenure. An object-cluster analysis was performed on each attendant's cluster scores, identifying individual score profiles and isolating seven major 0-types. These were discussed in terms of predicted attendants' ability to plan a training program. It was concluded that some attendants are capable of making meaningful contributions to the training process but that this ability does not appear to be related to the other variables such as tenure or job satisfaction. PMID- 1247042 TI - Outerdirectedness in retarded children as a function of sex of experimenter and sex of subject. AB - Effects of same- and cross-sex experimenters on attentive behavior and learning of 64 EMR children were examined in two conditions: experimenter not present (not in) or experimenter present and providing cues relevant to task mastery (relevant cue). A significant Sex of Experimenter X Sex of Subject interaction was found in the learning data, with girls performing significantly better than boys when the experimenter was male, the reverse pattern was evident, although not statistically significant, when the experimenter was female. Some effects were also found for individual experimenters. Although significantly more nontask orienting responses were observed in the relevant-cue condition, subjects in this condition performed as well on the learning task as did subjects in the not-in condition. Reversal trials showed greater glancing and superior performance in the relevant-cue condition. PMID- 1247041 TI - Social adjustment in more severely retarded, institutionalized individuals: the sum of adjusted behavior. AB - A measure which is used to count kinds of social behavior in more severely mentally retarded residents was described in this study. The measure is an aggregate or sum, and it is referred to as the Sum of Adjusted Behavior. In this study, we determined measures of social adjustment which are useful for obtaining population parameters. Data concerning the relationship between the Sum of Adjusted Behavior and CA to MA, age at time of institutionalization, gender, medical diagnosis, medication, and social behavior were discussed. The relationships between adjustment and adaptive behavior were also defined on the basis of the findings. PMID- 1247043 TI - Performance of MA-matched nonretarded and retarded children on measures of field dependence. AB - Thirty-four nonretarded and 34 EMR children, matched on mental age, were given three tasks relating to Witkin's cognitive style construct. The sample scores of the retarded subjects were consistently lower than the nonretarded subjects' sample scores on each test. The nonretarded children's performance aligned with Witkin's analytical, field-independent cognitive style in contrast to the retarded children's performance which was characterized by a more global, field dependent style. The results were interpreted in terms of possible cognitive style differences. PMID- 1247044 TI - Chromosome 11 long arm partial deletion: a new syndrome. AB - Deletion of the distal end of the long arm of a chromosome 11 (11q-) was demonstrated by G-bands in a malformed 4.3-year-old girl. Comparison of her phenotype with those of the four previously reported cases of 11q-, three with a proven and one a presumed similar deletion, suggests that this defect results in a clinical picture most noticeable for the association of variable mental retardation, marked speech deficit, trigonocephaly, and pronounced growth failure. PMID- 1247045 TI - Management of the hyperextended fetal head. AB - Hyperextension of the fetal head in utero is readily detectable by roentgenography and ultrasound scan. Management is determined by presentation of the fetus. There are three types of presentations: face presentation, star-gazing breech presentation, and the flying fetus presentation. Undiagnosed hyperextension of the fetal head is frequently associated with cervical cord injury. PMID- 1247046 TI - A comparison between gonadotropin radioimmunoassays with the use of 48 hour and six-day incubation methods. AB - A double-antibody radioimmunoassay for human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human luteinizing hormone (LH) which can be carried to completion in 48 hours was compared with the conventional six-day double-antibody radioimmunoassay. The bound-over total (B/T) dose response curves for the 48 hour assay were comparable in slope and dose range with the six-day assay and the four per cent average within-assay and the nine per cent between-assay coefficients of variation for the 48 hour assay were comparable with the variation observed in the conventional six-day assay. Maximum variation among identical serum samples assayed in both systems was 15.3 per cent so that quantitative results obtained with either assay system were comparable. PMID- 1247047 TI - The Copper T 220C: a new long-acting copper intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - The Copper T(TCu) intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) has been found to be an effective method of contraception but has the disadvantage of needing periodic replacement due to loss of copper through dissolution and fragmentation of the copper wire. Modification of the Copper T to overcome this disadvantage involved substitution of copper sleeves for wire on the vertical arm and the addition of copper sleeves to the horizonal arms to give an effective surface area of 220 sq. mm. of copper and an estimated life span of 20 years. A randomized comparative study was undertaken in 999 women to determine if the new model performed as well as the wire-wound Copper T 300. Net cumulative first-event rates at one year were as follows: TCu 220C-pregnancy 0.9, expulsion 3.7, removal for pain or bleeding 14.4; TCu 300-pregnancy 1.1, expulsion 3.1, removal for pain or bleeding 9.3. None of the differences in event rates were significant. If long-term follow-up confirms these findings, this new long-lasting copper intrauterine device could become the IUD of choice for all women. PMID- 1247048 TI - Effect of clomiphene citrate on serum prolactin in infertile women with ovarian dysfunction. AB - Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal, menstruating women and in 26 infetile women with ovarian dysfunction for one cycle or for about 30 days in amenorrheic women. Galactorrhea was not observed. No significant change in serum PRL levels was observed throughout the normal, menstrual cycle. Of the 26 patients with ovarian dysfunction, seven showed PRL levels higher than normal. Twelve of the 26 patients were treated with clomiphene citrate (Clomid), 100 mg, daily for 5 days. Ovulation occurred in seven, and pregnancy was achi-ved in two of them. Serum PR;, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured for a preceding control cycle and during the cycle following Clomid treatment in the 12 patients. The serum PRL levels were normal during the control cycle in five of the patients who ovulated with Clomid and high in four patients who failed to ovulate. Although serum PRL levels were not significantly changed by Clomid in the patients who ovulated with the drug, they were markedly decreased during and immediately after Clomid treatment in patients who failed to ovulate with Clomid. PMID- 1247049 TI - CO2 hysteroscopy: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1247050 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of cervical conization. AB - Cervical conization was perfromed on 756 patients at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from July 1, 1964, to January 1, 1973. Sixty-six patients were pregnant at the time of conization. Eighty-six per cent of patients with cytologic findings of carcinoma in situ had histologic verification of carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia, and there was absolute correlation between cytology and histology in 75 per cent of patients will occult invasive cancer. Cervical biopsies without colposcopic direction predicted either severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ in 77 per cent of cases but were accurate in only seven of 24 patients with occult invasive cancer. Carcinoma in situ was present in 30 per cent of hysterectomy specimens following conization but recurred in only seven per cent of patients followed without hysterectomy. Recurrent carcinoma in situ following hysterectomy was more common in patients with residual intraepithelial cancer in the uterus but was independent of the size of the vaginal cuff removed. Major postconization complications requiring hospitalization occurred in 3.4 per cent of nonpregnant patients and in 7.5 per cent of pregnant patients. PMID- 1247052 TI - Effects of epinephrine on distribution of blood flow in the pregnant ewe. AB - Seven pregnant ewes ranging from 85 to 140 days of gestation were infused with systemic doses of epinephrine and uterine arterial flow dose-response curves were determined. With a constant systemic infusion of epinephrine at a mean rate of 0.29 +/- 0.03 mug/Kg.-min., and the radionuclide lebeled microsphere method to measure arterial blood flow, a 38.5 per cent decrease in total uterine arterial blood flow was demonstrated while systemic pressure was unaltered. At this dose the reduction in endometrial blood flow was significantly greater (-58.7 per cent) than that in either the myometrium (-36.9 per cent) or placental cotyledons (-34.5 per cent) (p less than 0.025 and less than 0.005, respectively). There also occurred a decrease in blood flow to the mammary gland and the pancreas, whereas increased in blood flow to the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and spleen were documented. It is evident from this study that during the period of ovine pregnancy investigated, the vascular bed of all tissues comprising the pregnant uterus, including the placental cotyledons, are sensitive to the vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine. PMID- 1247051 TI - Endometrial adenocarcinoma and the polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - While endometrial adenocarcinoma is the second most common female genital malignancy, only four per cent of the cases occur in women less than 40 years of age. The relative rarity of this disease in young women requires that we be especially attuned to those who are at high risk. This paper presents two case reports of women with polycystic ovarian disease who developed endometrial adenocarcinoma at 24 years of age. The pathophysiology ovarian disease and its relationship to the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma are discussed. PMID- 1247053 TI - Termination of midtrimester pregnancy by serial intramuscular injections of 15(S) 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - Midtrimester abortion was successfully induced in 117 of 120 patients with serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha (15-me PGF2alpha). The mean abortion time was 14.12 hours, and parous patients aborted in a mean of 12.85 hours-significantly faster than nulliparous patients who aborted in a mean of 15.24 hours. Ninety-four per cent of the 117 successfully induced abortions occurred in less than 24 hours and 46 per cent in less than 12 hours. Uterine activity was monitored and analyzed in nine patients. Uterine response to a single intramuscular injection of 100 mug of 15-me-PGF2alpha was characterized by the appearance of low-amplitude, high frequency contractions and a rapid increase in baseline intrauterine tonus. A high level of uterine activity, 900 Montevideo Units, was observed within 30 minutes of the first intramuscular injection of 15-me-PGF2alpha. This activity was not maintained and decreased by approximately 30 per cent at the time of the second injection at 1 hour. It was not until 6 hours of 15-me-PGF2alpha therapy that activity stabilized at approximately 500 Montevideo Units. Even though all patients were premedicated with antiemetic and antidiarrhea agents, 68 of 120 patients experienced gastrointestinal side effects related to the 15-me-PGF2alpha administration. Vomiting was the most prevalent side effect, occuring in 65 patients, but the episodes were not severe, were well tolerated by the patients and did not necessitate the termination of prostaglandin administration in any of the patients. In this study abortion was successfully induced between weeks 9 to 27 of gestation. It was observed that patients with gestations of 16 weeks or less aborted significantly faster than patients with gestations of 17 weeks or more, which indicates that this method is highly effective in the induction of abortion within the "gray zone", 12 to 16 weeks of gestation. PMID- 1247054 TI - Effectiveness of certified nurse-midwives. A prospective evaluation study. AB - A prospective evaluation study of the effectiveness of the services of certified nurse-midwives demonstrated that in a hospital setting the care of low-risk maternity patients provided by nurse-midwives was as effective as the provided by house staff physicians. A total of 438 low-risk maternity patients were studied. Selected outcomes pertaining to the prenatal period, labor and delivery, and early infancy demonstrated, with two exceptions, no significant differences. The two exceptions were: (1) overcompliance with appointment attendance was more common among the nurse-midwifery group of patients; (2) a higher rate of forceps delivery was reported among the house staff group of patients. PMID- 1247055 TI - Peritoneal-cutaneous fistula secondary to a perforated Dalkon shield. PMID- 1247056 TI - Gonadal dysgenesis in two siblings. PMID- 1247057 TI - Pregnancy following 29 cycles of clomiphene citrate therapy: a case report. PMID- 1247058 TI - Ovarian malignancy subsequent to a Le Fort operation. PMID- 1247059 TI - Benign melanosis of the vagina and cervix. PMID- 1247060 TI - Chloriazepoxide withdrawal in the neonate. PMID- 1247061 TI - Letter: Progesterone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 1247062 TI - Improvement of faculty teaching performance in a department of obstetrics and gynecology by student evaluation. AB - The primary purpose of a faculty evaluation program is to upgrade the over-all quality of teaching and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the individual teacher. Effective medical educators can thereby be suitably identified by objective and subjective criteria. Improvement of faculty teaching performance enhances student learning and can improve recruitment into our discipline. PMID- 1247063 TI - Changes in evolution of free epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vanillylmandelic acid in the urine of rabbits during late pregnancy and parturition. AB - The present study describes evolutionary changes in urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vanillylmandelic acid during pregnancy and parturition. Both the catecholamines and their metabolite were determined in 24 hour urine samples of rabbits from day 13 of pregnancy. During 13 and 28 days of gestation, urinary excretion of epinephrine was at its lowest value. As compared to normal rabbits, an increase of 135 per cent in epinephrine excretion during day 30 of pregnancy was observed. Norepinephrine excretion reached its maximum level during day 13 but constant declines occurred afterward. Contrary to epinephine, urinary excretion of norepinephrine was at the highest value days 23 and 30 of pregnancy. After day 19 vanillylmandelic acid declined continuously up to day 30. During parturition vanillymandelic acid and norepinephrine excretion returned to the control values but epinephrine remained slightly higher. These alterations in catecholamine urinary excretion have been suggested as a consequence of modified endocrine and sympathetic activity. PMID- 1247064 TI - Correlation between catecholamine content of the human Fallopian tube and the uterus and plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone. AB - The content of catecholamines in the Fallopian tube and the uterus and the plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were studied in cycling women. During the follicular phase norepinephrine levels were 33.4+/-7.1, 50.5+/-8.0, and 145.7+/ 43.6 ng. per gram of wet tissue in the external, middle, and internal segments of the Fallopian tube, respectively. During the luteal phase norepinephrine content increased significantly in the external and middle portions (219.3+/-57.0 and 206.2+/-34.3 ng. per gram) whereas it remained unchanged in the internal one (185.2+/-53.6 ng. per gram). The NE content of the external and middle segments correlated significantly with plasma progesterone levels (r = 0.76 and 0.82, respectively, whereas oviductal epincphrine levels did not show significant changes as a function of the stage of the menstrual cycle. Uterine epinephrine content decreased by 67 per cent during the luteal phase whereas norepinephrine remained unchanged. PMID- 1247065 TI - Hormonal studies in pregnancy. I. Total unconjugated estrogens in maternal peripheral vein, cord vein, and cord artery serum at delivery. AB - The concentration of unconjugated total estrogens (primarily estrone, estradiol 17beta, and estriol) were measured by rapid radioimmunoassay method in serum samples from maternal peripheral vein, cord vein, and cord artery in normal pregnancies at delivery. The serum concentration of total free estrogens found in cord vein was four to five times higher than in maternal peripheral vein and cord artery. Levels obtained in maternal peripheral vein, cord vein, and cord artery were 47.8+/-1.8, 140.1+/-8.57, 31.8+/-2.15 ng. per millilitre (+/-standard error of the mean), respectively. These values are compared with those reported by others. PMID- 1247066 TI - Patients at high risk for low-birth-weight delivery. AB - A retrospective analysis of 8,839 singleton deliveries was undertaken to determine the relationships of maternal age, maternal hemoglobin concentrations, and past obstetric performance to the incidence of low-birth-weight (LBC) delivery. Patients under 19 years of age and patients with hemoglobin values less than 9.0 Gm. per 100 ml. were found to have significantly higher incidences of LBW deliveries. In addition, the incidence of LBW delivery was found to vary in proportion to the number of previous LBW deliveries and inversely with the number of previous term deliveries. PMID- 1247067 TI - Amniotic fluid osmolality in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. AB - Amniotic fluid osmolality (AF Osm) was studied in 247 patients whose pregnancies were complicated by maternal diabetes. Significant increases in mean AF Osm accompanied pre-existing fetal as well as subsequent perinatal death. Abnormal increases in AF Osm were associated with a significant increase in risk of perinatal compromise with cumulative morbidity and mortality rates of 54 per cent. These data suggest that serial evaluation of AF Osm enables detection of a "higher risk" group of diabetic pregnancies in which perinatal death is more than doubled. PMID- 1247068 TI - Hyperfibrinogenemia and polycythemia with intrauterine growth retardation in fetal lambs. AB - Plasma concentrations of albumin and fibrinogen and arterial hematocrits were determined during the last third of gestation in growth-retarded and control fetal lambs. The mean fetal plasma albumin concentration increased slightly as term approached and was not significantly different in the two groups. The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration did not change in the control fetuses, but was significantly elevated in the growth-retarded fetuses, as was the mean arterial hematocrit. The theoretical implications of these findings relative to capillary blood flow are discussed. PMID- 1247069 TI - Treatment of cervical carcinoma. AB - A comparison of cervical carcinoma survived data is made between a large specialized cancer treatment center, M.D. Anderson, and a general regional medical center with 15,000 inpatient admissions and over 250,000 outpatient visits per year. End results are identical and did not depend on the percentage of time spent by the gynecologists or radiation therapists on problems of pelvic cancer. PMID- 1247070 TI - Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: survival data. AB - Survival data on 36 patients with clear-cell adenocarcinomas are reported: seven with vaginal lesions and 29 with cervical lesions. Although the tumor responds to present treatment modalities, it tends to be associated with early lymph node involvement, thus making early diagnosis essential. Radiation as a primary therapeutic measure has often been followed by late recurrence, though many patients with these tumors were treated by older, low-energy modalities. PMID- 1247072 TI - Radiation exposure of ovaries during hysterosalpingography. AB - Radiation exposure to an area approximating the location of the ovaries was measured in 29 patients undergoing hysterosalpingography. A thermoluminescent crystal technique was used for some patients; a pocket dosimeter placed into the upper vagina was used for additional patients. Radiation dosage varied from 75 to 550 millirads. The weight of the patient did not affect the amount of radiation delivered to the gonads. The duration of fluroscopic time was the major factor increasing dosage. A discussion of hysterodalpingographic technique and suggestions for decreasing gonadal irradiation during hysterosalpingography are included. PMID- 1247071 TI - The age of occurrence of gonadal tumors in intersex patients with a Y chromosome. AB - A total of 320 intersex patients with a Y chromosome were classified into four groups; (1) gonadal dysgenesis, (2) asymmetrical gonadal differentiation, (3) virilizing male hermaphroditism and (4) feminizing male hermaphroditism (testicular feminization syndrome). Of these 320 cases, 98 were from the files of The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the remainder from the literature. The incidence of tumors in relation to age and clinical classification was analyzed by computer. The results were plotted for each group. It was found that the percentage of tumors rose appreciably soon after the age of puberty in the first three groups, and it was concluded that the gonads were best removed before the age of puberty. In the case of testicular feminization patients, procrastination until the age of 25 could be considered, if one were willing to assume the risk of neoplasia of about 3.6 per cent until then. PMID- 1247073 TI - 1975 Eleanor Clarke Slagle lecture: behavior, bias, and the limbic system. PMID- 1247074 TI - Motivation for licensure. AB - This report is a chronicle of the activities that preceded and led to the licensure of occupational therapists in New York State. The activities began at the grass roots level with identification of problems that interfered with the delivery of occupational therapy services to patients in the Long Island area. Attempts to resolve these problems led to legislative monitoring and legal counsel. The end of the research era was marked by the wider involvement of the membership of the New York State Occupational Therapy Association required to secure the passage of licensure in New York State on August 11, 1975. PMID- 1247075 TI - Mobilization of membership for legislative action. AB - Background and structure of the New York State Occupational Therapy Association and the committees assigned to implement legislative procedures are explored, followed by a description of the methods used to mobilize the membership to secure legislation to license occupational therapists. Workshops were given to educate the membership in the legislative process and a communication system was set up among the members, state legislators, other health agencies, and special interest groups. Support of legislators for the licensure bill was solicited, as well as support from others contacted through the communication system. The members continued to solicit support and to monitor the progress of the bill during a two-year period. The bill was passed in August 1975. Based on their recent experiences with the legislative process. NYSOTA concludes that to secure licensure logical and judicious organization, education, constant feedback of information among participants, and hard work, determination, perseverance, and dedication of the group involved are necessary. PMID- 1247076 TI - Licensure in Florida: the beginning of political involvement. AB - This article presents a report on the licensure campaign of the Florida Occupational Therapy Association (FOTA) beginning with the organization of a licensure committee in November 1974 and ending with the governor's signature seven months later. The licensure campaign provided lessons that can be shared with other groups. It is recommended that the membership be educated and involved, that full consent be obtained from all occupational therapists in the state, that a lobbyist be hired, that compromise be anticipated and be possible, and that organizations seeking licensure be aware that this step is just the beginning of political involvement. PMID- 1247077 TI - Problems and policies in the licensure of occupational therapists. PMID- 1247078 TI - Ethics in conflict: yesterday's standards-outdated guide for tomarrow? AB - Health care today is influenced by government controls, consumerism, malpractice litigation, unionism, and professionalism. Are there universal standards the serious health professional can or must accept, or should he formulate his own? In this paper, the sources of ethical criteria for occupational therapy are reviewed and assessed. It is recommended that a code of ethics for today be formulated for occupational therapy using the ethical principles proposed in this paper. PMID- 1247079 TI - Nationally speaking change: unplanned and planned. PMID- 1247080 TI - Cardiac and other abnormalities in the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Many victims of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have abnormally heavy cardiac right ventricles. The degree of this abnormality is directly proportional to: a) the mass of muscle about small pulmonary arteries, b) the amount of brown fat retention about adrenal glands, and c) the presence of hepatic erythropoiesis. The pulmonary arterial abnormality is probably the result of chronic alveolar hypoventilation, while brown fat retention and hepatic erythropoiesis are likely consequences of chronic hypoxemia. These abnormalities are found in both SIDS victims who die with and those who die without mild respiratory tract infections. However, there are some differences between the two SIDS groups. Infected victims die at an older age and have smaller thymus glands and larger spleens; there is a greater proportion of males in the infected victims than in the noninfected victims. PMID- 1247081 TI - Long-term organ culture of embryonic rat pancreas in a chemically defined medium. AB - Embryonic rat pancreas anlagen have been grown in a chemically defined medium, subdivided biweekly and recultured for a total time of 10 weeks. The total mass increment during this time was in excess of 1000-fold. Samples were removed for light and electron microscope examination and for periodic measurement of enzymatic activity. Morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation occurred, peripheral outgrowth of epithelial buds was followed by the formation of interconnecting tubular structures and, eventually, by the appearance of distinctive acinar cells with zymogen granules. Mitotic figures became conspicuous at the periphery of explants within a day after each subdivision resulting in the formation of new tubular structures and acini. In general, the central area of the explants presented more mature acini with zymogen granules than was manifested at the periphery. The enzymatic activities of amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin developed maximally during the first week of culture, reached a plateau level by the second week, and remained at a relatively constant level throughout the 10 week culture period. PMID- 1247082 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural study of the rat adrenal cortex in renal encapsulation-induced hypertension. AB - Hypertension was induced in young rats by latex encapsulation of both kidneys. By the fourth week, 85% of the renal-encapsulated (RE) rats became hypertensive. Varying degrees of cardiovascular involvement were evident in the moderately to severely hypertensive rats. The level of systolic blood pressure was directly correlated with the width and the volume of zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Electron microscopy combined with morphometric-stereologic techniques was employed to quantitate change in the adrenal cortex. The cells of both zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of RE rats showed significant increases in the volume of the cell, nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets; only in the zona glomerulosa cells was the increase in surface area of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum statistically significant. It is suggested that these structural changes associated with renal-encapsulation hypertension are related at least in part to stress of the hypertensive cardiovascular disease. PMID- 1247083 TI - An evaluation of the role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced corneal vascularization. III. Studies related to the vasoproliferative capability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. AB - Studies in the past have suggested that leukocytes are a prerequisite to corneal vascularization. To test this hypothesis further, experiments were conducted to determine whether the intracorneal instillation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, or components of leukocytes would induce a corneal vascular ingrowth. These cells or cellular fractions were injected intracorneally into Fisher albino rats whose circulating leukocytes had been depleted by total body x irradiation. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from glycogen-induced peritoneal exudates caused a corneal vascular invasion, but lymphocytes obtained from thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes failed to do so. To learn whether an extractable factor could be isolated from polymorphonuclear leukocytes these cells were suspended in isotonic saline, ultrasonified and then centrifuged at 101,952g for 1 hour. Aliquots of the resulting sediment and supernatant were injected intracorneally into rats with radiation-induced leukopenia. The nonsedimentable supernatant caused corneal vascularization, but the sediment did not provoke the phenomenon. These studies not only provide further support for the hypothesis that leukocytes initiate corneal vascularization, possibly by the release of one or more heat labile chemical mediators, but directly implicate the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in this process. PMID- 1247084 TI - Enhancement of natural and experimental respiratory mycoplasmosis in rats by hexamethylphosphoramide. AB - Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) was given orally (100 mg/kg/day) to: a) conventional rats of Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans substrains known to have indigenous Mycoplasma pulmonis infection, b) uninfected pathogen-free (PF) Fischer rats, and c) PF and axenic Fischer rats inoculated intranasally with M. pulmonis strains having a wide range of virulence. Treated rats infected with virulent M. pulmonis, either naturally or experimentally, developed severe clinical signs of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM) with mortalities of 25 to 60% compared to relatively mild MRM and no deaths in untreated, infected controls. Deaths were attributed to unusually severe lung lesions of MRM (extreme neutrophilic exudation into major bronchi and bronchiectasis) with ulceration of respiratory mucosa and hemorrhage. Rhinitis also was increased in severity by HMPA in conventional rats, but not in experimentally infected PF or axenic rats. Severity of otitis media and tracheitis was not affected by HMPA. Incidence of lesions of MRM was unchanged except for increased frequency of gross lung lesions. In the absence of M. pulmonis infection, HMPA treatment of rats caused thinning and microulceration of respiratory epithelium in major bronchi without inflammatory lung disease. Other effects induced by HMPA, with or without the infection, were destruction and fibrous replacement of olfactory epithelium, atrophy of testes, and reduced weight gains. It was concluded that HMPA markedly enhances both rate of progression and severity of the pneumonia while inconsistently potentiating the rhinitis of MRM in rats. Previous studies of HMPA are emphasized as an additional example in which the synergistic effects of an experimental chemical and an indigenous pathogen of laboratory rats have given misleading experimental results. PMID- 1247085 TI - Quantitative microscopic evaluation of the endoplasmic reticulum in developing human liver. AB - Quantitative electron microscopic aspects of the liver have not been explored in detail, and the numerical characterization of tissue changes may contribute to the understanding of basic cellular mechanisms in disease processes. Sixteen liver biopsies from children 2 months to 18 years old were analyzed by stereology to study the composition and relative distribution of endoplasmic reticulum membranes within hepatocytes. The histologic aspects of the liver as well as the clinical laboratory data of these patients revealed no abnormalities when being observed for suspected hepatic ailment. Morphometric analysis of four tissue blocks per biopsy was undertaken by means of combined light and electron microscopy, using standard stereologic formulae. The results showed less endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells from children 2 to 9 months old. These low levels were accounted for by reduced surface of smooth membranes. There was a first-order relationship in the growth of smooth endoplasmic reticulum between 2 months and 4 years at a rate of 17.1 sq cm/hr, similar to the membrane accumulation rate in experimental animals. Membrane dimensions from Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum were cell-size dependent, and these organelles matured within 2 months of postnatal life. The significance of these findings resides in the low amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes at an early age. This lack of membrane surface agrees with findings in developing liver of various species. Experimental studies showed reduced membrane population and low microsome-bound enzyme activities which, under normal circumstances, allow the hepatocyte to undertake detoxification and drug metabolizing processes. Thus, the reduced membrane availability of the liver in infants may account for their inability to metabolize foreign compounds. PMID- 1247086 TI - Achondrogenesis type I in three sibling fetuses. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies. AB - Three spontaneously aborted fetuses with Type I achondrogenesis in a family with a first cousin marriage are described. Studies by light microscopy revealed abnormal cartilage, enchondral, and periosteal bone, and normal tooth development with abnormal alveolar bone. Electron microscopic studies of cultured skin fibroblasts manifested structurally normal cells. Scanning electron microscopy studies had shown deficient intercartilaginous septa in the metaphysis, with abnormally large calcifying globules. In the diaphysis, the orientation of bone trabeculae and collagen fibers within the trabeculae was disturbed. The numerous osteocytic lucunae were wide and irregular in arrangement and shape. Type 2 achondrogenesis, as studied in these fetuses, is probably a widespread mesenchymal defect, manifested by abnormal calcification and ossification of enchondral and periosteal bone. PMID- 1247087 TI - Induction of chronic lethal Australia antigen hepatitis in mice. AB - Clinically, idiopathic uveitis may be associated with chronic active hepatitis B. In searching for a possible cause of the uveitis in 6 patients having concurrent chronic iridocyclitis and chronic active hepatitis with serum Australia antigen (AA), the aqueous humor from each patient was analyzed for AA, passed through 220 mmu filters and inoculated directly into the livers of mice. The animals were observed for spontaneous mortality for 12 months, at which time the remaining animals were sacrificed. The livers of all animals were examined for hepatitis and AA. Although the aqueous humor from only 1 patient was found to contain AA, all six aqueous specimens produced a lethal viral hepatitis-like disease with liver AA. The results suggest that the six positive aqueous specimens contained a viral infection agent, which may have been the core of the Dane particle, and that the mouse is suitable for the laboratory investigation of Type B hepatitis by the technique described. PMID- 1247088 TI - Kinetics of proliferation and differentiation in the hair follicle and epidermis in neonatally undernourished rats. AB - Cell population growth kinetics of hair follicle and epidermis were measured in rats undernourished during suckling by increasing the litter size. Animals reared in litters of normal size served as controls. There was a marked atrophy of epidermis and hair follicles, and the thickness and length of the hairs were markedly reduced in the undernourished animals. Autoradiography following pulse labeling with 3H TdR demonstrated prolongation of the cell generation cycle. The G2 and S phases were chiefly affected, whereas the G1 was not altered. The double pulse labeling technique indicated a hold-up in the S phase in the epidermis, although the labeling index was not altered in the undernourished rats. On the basis of available literature, it is porposed that G2 is more energy dependent, whereas protein deficiency affects predominantly the S phase. Unlike the alteration in cell generation cycle, the process of differentiation--measured histochemically and on the basis of rate of migration of 3H-TdR-labeled bulb cells--appeared to be unaffected in undernutrition. However, there was a lag in the movement of cells out of the germinative zone. It is proposed that in undernutrition, cells spend longer time in the germinative zone to complete a critical number of division which may be peculiar to every tissue. PMID- 1247089 TI - Social and emotional adjustment of infants and toddlers to a day care setting. AB - Infants five to thirty months old were observed for one week on entering a day care program, and again at the end of one month. Frequency of behaviors reflecting social and emotional adjustment were recorded. There was significant decreases in frequency of crying, sitting alone, and interacting with adults, while interactions with other children increased significantly. Results indicate that children of this age can adjust well, and quite rapidly, to a day care setting. PMID- 1247090 TI - The comparative predictive efficiency of intellectual and nonintellectual components of high school functioning. AB - Much time is spent in elementary schools in assessment of cognitive attributes of children, little in measurement of noncognitive attributes. This study evaluates relative importance of early assessments of cognitive versus noncognitive variables as predictors of high school achievement and adjustment. Results demonstrate the critical, and frequently more important, contribution of the noncognitive attributes. PMID- 1247091 TI - Child care attitudes and adaptation to the maternal role among mentally ill and well mothers. AB - Discharged psychiatric hospital patients who were mothers of young children were compared with a group of well mothers on child rearing attitudes and adaptation to adult social roles. Mentally ill mothers were found to believe less in the importance of developing a reciprocal mother-child relationship or in differentiating between own needs and those of child, and were more likely to deny ambivalent feelings regarding child care. In each group, less adaptive child care attitudes were related to greater impairment in adapting to other adult roles. PMID- 1247092 TI - Maternal behavior and perceived sex of infant. AB - Eleven mothers interacted with one six-month-old male infant, dresses either as a male or female. Differences were found in overall maternal stimulation and toy handling as a function of perceived sex of the baby. Mothers interviewed reported that treatment of their own infants was not differentiated by sex. Results indicate that mothers behave according to their expectations rather than infant cues, although unaware of their stereotyping. PMID- 1247093 TI - A conceptual framework for evaluating human service delivery systems. AB - Pressure on administrators, behavioral scientists, and others for program accountability is reflected in recent publication of a variety of theories, concepts, and methods of evaluation. This paper attempts to integrate pertinent literature, primarily from the behavioral sciences, into a comprehensive conceptual framework aimed at orienting administrators and others to the possibilities of evaluation, and suggesting variables appropriate to any organization or system. PMID- 1247094 TI - Family planning during psychiatric hospitalization. AB - Ongoing experience with development of family planning programs in psychiatric hospitals suggests that models must be flexible to allow for varying structures and traditions of institutions and for special needs of specific patient populations. However some issues, particularly those related to patients' rights and to usefulness of particular contraceptives, are broadly applicable. Introduction of a family planning program for psychiatric patients is described. PMID- 1247095 TI - Assessing the empathic potential of student teachers of the emotionally disturbed. AB - Two instruments currently used to assess empathic ability of teachers are examined and found to be inaccurate measures for teachers of the emotionally disturbed. It is noted that empathy in teaching is different from that in psychotherapy, and that adaptation of instruments used in therapy is inappropriate for educators. Suggestions for identifying the empathic teacher of disturbed children, and recommendations for developing measuring devices, are offered. PMID- 1247096 TI - Stimulant drugs for hyperactivity: some additional disturbing questions. AB - Continued professional recognition and concern are urged in regard to increased use of stimulant drugs for treatment of hyperactivity, unaccompanied by 1) adequate interdisciplinary communication about specific behaviors leading to referral and treatment, or 2) adequate assessment of the behavioral and educational consequences of the medication. Some pertinent questions are posed. PMID- 1247097 TI - The effects of parental divorce: experiences of the child in early latency. AB - This paper discusses the impact of divorce on 26 children in early latency, as observed shortly after the initial parental separation and one year later. The material is part of a larger clinical study, begun in 1970, of 131 children and adolescents from 60 divorcing families. PMID- 1247098 TI - Antisocial behavior and social alienation post divorce: the "man of the house" and his mother. AB - Women raising children alone after divorce often find their new socio psychological world frightening and unmanageable. Perceiving this, their young sons may undertake a counterphobic defense of themselves and their mothers, manifested as antisocial behavior. Clinical experience outlined in this paper suggests that both mother and son can benefit quickly and dramatically from family interventions focused on recognizing and utilizing aggression. PMID- 1247099 TI - Counter-transference and counter-experience in the treatment of violence prone youth. AB - The constant confrontation inherent in therapeutic intervention with violence prone children, some of whome have committed homicide, is explored. Problems unique to work with these youths are discussed in terms of counter-transference issues for clinicians and counter-experience of teachers and child care workers. Suggestions for training and supervision are offered. PMID- 1247100 TI - Behavior modification in a state mental hospital: a participant-observer's critique. AB - Token economy behavior modification has become a popular and voluminously reported strategy for altering the behavior of patients in mental hospital back wards. This paper provides a qualitative, process view of one such token economy program. It reports subject perspectives, as well as interactions among experimenters, hospital staff, and patients. Questions are raised in regard to the overall effectiveness of such programs in alleviating the problems of mental patients. PMID- 1247101 TI - Residential treatment of disturbed children and adequacy of their subsequent adjustment: a follow-up study. AB - To study residential treatment outcome, a follow-up questionnaire sent to families of former child patients was used to assign them to categories of "good", "fair," or "poor" overall adjustment. The three groups were compared on variables such as presenting symptoms, duration of psychotherapy, amount of drug therapy, and prognosis on discharge; several therapist variables were also studied. Findings, some unexpected, are discussed. PMID- 1247102 TI - Peer status and the directionality of symptomatic behavior: prime social competence predictors of outcome for vulnerable children. AB - Social competence data from four target groups of vulnerable children--children of schizophrenic mothers; children of neurotic mothers; clinic children with externalizing symptomology; clinic children with internalizing symptomology--and from a large control group of their public school classmates, strongly suggest that peer-rated social incompetence and presence of externalizing behavior disorders are the best predictors of which vulnerable children run the greatest risk of poor adult outcome. PMID- 1247103 TI - Aiding 'at risk' children through psychoanalytic social work with parents. AB - A psychoanalytic social work approach to family intervention is described, and data on its impact on parents and their children are presented. Program parents, especially those in an open-ended approach, were rated as more positive both as persons and as parents; their children scored higher on IQ and other developmental and adaptational measures. PMID- 1247104 TI - Comparison of an EMG-controlled prosthesis and the normal human biceps brachii muscle. AB - An electromyographically-controlled elbow prosthesis, the "Boston arm", was tested with constant and sinusoidally-modulated inputs under different loading conditions. These tests were used to determine the frequency response of the EMG amplifier, the range of motor speeds, the force-velocity curve, and the frequency response of the prosthesis for cyclic movements. Human biceps muscle was tested during movements under similar loads, and under isometric conditions using random, electrical stimuli to determine its frequency response. The results were compared to evaluate the performance of the prosthesis and contrast its characteristics to those of the physiological system it replaces. The prosthesis minimizes quiescent power drain, and the possibilities of instability or "tremor" by employing velocity control, an overdamped mechanical system, and an electrical "dead-band". These factors limit the ability of the prosthesis to follow rapidly changing inputs or to move rapidly and accurately to a desired position. These comparisons should provide a useful supplement to the usual clinical evaluations, and a starting point for further improvements in prosthesis design. PMID- 1247105 TI - Compact bone changes in cold-exposed rats. AB - Rats exposed to cold stress show a reduction of relative cortical thickness in their long bones. The reaction resembles reduction of cortical thickness observed in Asiatic humans of the Mongoloid race, in whom many morphological features have been postulated to be cold-adaptive. However, until it can be established that the physiological processes underlying the experimental and phylogenetic condition are similar, no extrapolation can be attempted from the one to the other. PMID- 1247106 TI - The dentition of the Indian Knoll skeletal population: odontometrics and cusp number. AB - Data on the permanent dentition of 153 individuals from the well known Indian Knoll skeletal population are presented. Mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were taken with a Helios dial caliper. Cusp number of maxillary and mandibular molars are recorded. The Indian Knoll dentition is larger than many modern groups but smaller than Australoid or Mesolithic groups. With the exception of maxillary 12, males have larger teeth than females in both dimensions. The lower canine is the most dimorphic tooth. Through rank order correlation, an association was shown between the sexual dimorphism of the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. Compared to modern groups, the Indian Knoll population displays a moderate degree of sexual dimorphism in tooth size. In general, the coefficients of variation were greater for the more distal teeth within morphological classes. Amounts of size variability did not differ significantly between the sexes; moreover, rank order correlations indicated that patterns of variability in both dimensions were similar for males and females. The predominant cusp number pattern for upper molars is 4-3-3 and for lowers 5 5(4)-5. No sex differences were shown for cusp occurrence or bilateral asymmetry in cusp number. PMID- 1247107 TI - Some observations on the dentition of an isolated group in northeast Poland. AB - Clinical examination of the teeth and the mouth was carried out on a group of 133 "Old Believers," 54 males and 79 females, and a control group of 138 Poles living in the same area of Augostova in northeast Poland, 63 males and 75 females. Studying the frequency of Carabelli's cusp, shovel-shaped incisors, missing teeth, microdonita, supernumerary teeth, and torus palatinus in both groups, it was found that Carabelli's cusp and torus palatinus are more frequent among Poles. Such differences could be attributed to differences in ethnic origin of the two groups. PMID- 1247108 TI - A survey of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon). AB - A high frequency of the G6PD deficient gene was detected in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. The frequency in the ancient villages is much higher than that of the recently colonised areas. The Sinhalese and Ceylon Moors have a significantly higher frequency as opposed to the Ceylon Tamils. The distribution appears to be related to a history of exposure to malarial endemicity. PMID- 1247109 TI - The effect of sample attrition on the frequency distribution of blood pressure and genetic marker phenotypes representing a natural unselected community: Tecumseh, Michigan. AB - High significant differences in mean age, blood pressure and phenotype frequency distributions between the non-migrants and "emigrants" of a total unselected community sample were discovered. Use of the mean of BP scores collected from epidemiologic surveys over a period of time as an individual score allows sample attrition to produce both a genetically and demographically biased sample of a population intended to represent an unselected community of people. Multiple regression analyses estimated the contribution of an individual's age, genotype and mobility out of the sample to predicting blood pressure variation. Variation in blood pressure means among certain marker phenotype classes was greater in those who leave than in those who stay, but only the upper portion of the pressure distribution contributed to this relationship. A genetic-environment interaction is suggested. PMID- 1247110 TI - Factor analysis of body hair distributions. AB - Using observations on the presence or absence of terminal hair in 13 locations on 700 white adult males, descriptive statistics were tabulated, phi coefficients of intercorrelation were computed, principal axis factor loadings were extracted, and varimax rotation of factors to simple structure was performed. The resulting rotated factors were interpreted as five independent components of body hair distribution: dorsal (less sacral), pubic extension, thoracic, sacral, and abdominal. PMID- 1247111 TI - Archeology, population genetics and studies of human racial ancestry. AB - Using traditional classification, many people have tried to determine the place and time of origin of the major human races. Two basically conflicting views have prevailed, one asserting that races developed as local variations in a species evolving phyletically over much of the Old World for up to one million years, and the other view holding that present races are local variations on populations recently expanding into most areas and replacing the previous hominid inhabitants, this occurring since the time of the Neanderthals. Both views are based on the same archeological data. Gene frequency data and time-calibrated genetic distance measures have recently been applied to this problem. Here we show that the probable demographic nature of Pleistocene populations has obscured genetic distances to such an extent that they cannot be used to discriminate between the two viewpoints of racial origins. The racial classifications themselves are probably not useful in this context and obscure the question, so that we presently do not have a scientifically valid understanding of racial origins. PMID- 1247112 TI - Genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians. XIII. Dental microdifferentiation. AB - Data are presented on the frequency of the following eight dental traits in 635 Yanomama and 65 Makiritare Indians: upper central incisor rotation or winging, shoveling of maxillary incisors, maxillary molar hypocone reduction, Carabelli's trait, mandibular molar cusp number, mandibular molar cusp pattern rotation of second lower premolar, and pattern of second lower premolar cusps. Yanomama dentition is unusual in the high frequency of six cusps on the mandibular molars. There is marked dental microdifferentiation between villages; significant agreement was observed between a matrix of pairwise "dental distances" based on six morphological traits and corresponding matrices based on 11 genetic systems and on geographic location. PMID- 1247113 TI - ABO blood groups in Peruvian mummies. I. An evaluation of techniques. AB - Blood groups of Peruvian mummies of known origin were determined by three different methods: agglutination-inhibition, induction of antibody production and mixed cell agglutination. The three techniques gave identical results, but the last two were useful in establishing the presence of H (O) antigen, while the first technique would not. The results indicate the presence of A, B, AB and O blood groups in America prior to known European contact. This suggests the need for a revision of concepts of blood groups in the American Indian. PMID- 1247114 TI - Troop fission in free-ranging baboons in the Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. AB - During a 13 month field study of baboons in the Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, the troop under observation divided into two groups. One group left the main troop to become ultimately an independent troop with a separate range. The troop fission followed a period of instability in the male status hierarchy. The events prior to and during the troop fission are described in detail and the membership of the group which left is analyzed. Social bonds prior to the fission, including kinship, determined membership in the group which left. Aggression from members of the main troop played a major role in causing the group which left to establish a new range. This fission is compared with troop fissions observed in rhesus and Japances macaques. PMID- 1247116 TI - Skin temperatures at the nape in infants at high altitude. AB - Skin temperatures were measured on three Quechua Indian infants resident at 4,000 meters above sea level in Peru. Nape temperatures were warmer than other skin sites, suggesting that the brown adipose tissue associated with non-shivering thermogenesis is metabolically active despite the reduced oxygen availability at high altitude. The question of the role of non-shivering thermogenesis in infant thermoregulation under the covariant stresses of hypoxia and cold is still open. PMID- 1247115 TI - The effect of size variation on univariate assessments of morphological difference in human crania. AB - The present research was undertaken to determine the contribution of general size to craniometric variation in two previously described Paleo-Amerindian series, and to evaluate the effect of size variation on univariate assessments of morphological difference between the two. The analysis was based upon 19 measurements of 81 crania representing the Iswanid and Fort Ancient Muskogid varieties. The results of principal components analysis indicate that the 19 measurements can be represented as five principal component variates. Inspection of component eigenvectors indicates that variation in body size accounts for 40% of the variation within the metric data. Analysis of covariance lends support to the hypothesis that this size variation contributes substantially to statistical tests of difference between the two groups based on Student's t. PMID- 1247117 TI - The morphology of European and Southwest Asian Neandertal pubic bones. AB - Descriptions of Southwest Asian Neandertal os coxae have stressed the supero inferior flattening and acetabulo-symphyseal elongation of the superior pubic rami. Further analysis of Neandertal pubes, including two European specimens. La Ferrassie I and Krapina 208, indicates that Neandertal pubes are distinguished primarily by a relative elongation of the superior rami. The supero-inferior flattening of the pubic rami with the formation of a distinct ventral border, present among the Southwest Asian Neandertals, is less pronounced among the European Neandertals. Neither sexual dimorphism nor biomechanical hypertrophy appears adequate to explain this morphological pattern of Neandertal pubic bones. PMID- 1247118 TI - Ano-rectal tuberculosis simulating carcinoma. PMID- 1247119 TI - An investigation of the postpsychotic depressive syndrome. AB - Postpsychotic depression is an important clinical phenomenon about which little is known. Using data from a cohort of 30 schizophrenic patients, the authors examine the frequency of the syndrome, predictive variables, and its prognostic implications. Their findings indicate that postpsychotic depression occurs commonly, especially in patients medicated during hospitalization; it is difficult to predict on the basis of the presenting clinical picture; it represents an already existing symptom comlex that remits more slowly than the acute psychosis; and it fails to predict a more favorable outcome for schizophrenia at one year. PMID- 1247120 TI - Studies of superobesity: II. Psychiatric appraisal of jejuno-ileal bypass surgery. AB - The authors studied 12 superobese women for 10 months to 3 years following jejuno ileal bypass surgery. All patients had significant weight loss to near normal levels and were pleased with their newfound capabilities in the areas of physical, social, and sexual activities. Enhanced self-esteem, initiative, and assertiveness were noted. Although there were no serious postoperative psychiatric complications, patients experienced more mood lability and greater awareness of anxiety, depression, and irritability; their necessary adjustments in lifestyle strained relationships with spouses and parents in some cases. The principal drawback of the procedure was the occurrence in 7 patients of major somatic complications, with concomitant discouragement and apprehension. PMID- 1247121 TI - The natural history of "chipping". AB - The authors present five case histories illustrating controlled use of opiates ("chipping"). Long-term chippers tend to develop consistent social use patterns that permit and also limit use. The authors conclude that controlled use of opiates is possible and that large numbers of people are involved in such use, although they are hard to locate and identify. Controlled users are differentiated from compulsive users more by their development and maintenance of social drug use rituals than by such variables as availability of the drug and personality and family background of the user. PMID- 1247122 TI - Countertransference: a neglected subject in clinical supervision. AB - As an acknowledged aspect of psychotherapy, countertransference would be an anticipated subject for discussion in clinical supervision. However, the authors' review of videotapes of 24 supervisors working with second-year residents revealed that 12 made no comments on the subject, 8 approached the subject directly, and 4 approached it indirectly. The authors discuss the reasons for this avoidance of countertransference issues and note that discussion of countertransference does not necessarily change supervision into therapy. PMID- 1247123 TI - Treatment plans for mental health care. AB - The authors present a method for the development of standard process criteria for the care of defined subpopulations of psychiatric patients using a two dimensional problem category system to describe patients. Patient subpopulations, described by both a traditional psychopathological problem cluster and a less traditional psychosocial problem cluster, are matched to a list of problem solving services to develop a model treatment plan. The authors present this method for developing standard treatment plans as an alternative to APA's Model Criteria Sets. PMID- 1247124 TI - Correlates of patient attendance in an inner-city mental health clinic. AB - Of 140 patients seen at a psychiatric clinic serving a predominantly black, low income population, 65% attended for four or more visits. Patients over age 30 and those with a diagnosis of psychosis or personality disorder remained in therapy for significantly longer periods than the rest of the group. Failure to prescribe medication was associated with early dropout, but this effect seemed to be attenuated with duration of therapy. The race of the patients and therapists did not seem to influence continuation in treatment, but such an influence may have been masked by differences in the therapists' experience. PMID- 1247125 TI - Mental health services and the elderly: needs and options. AB - The author examines mental health issues related to the elderly from the perspective of the options for immediate impact on treatment. He stresses the potential for creative collaboration between public and private mental health care systems. Myths, stereotypes, and misinformation about the aged are discussed, as are the positive. The author also describes an innovative model of service delivery in the treatment of older individuals. PMID- 1247126 TI - Antiparkinsonian agents and fluphenazine decanoate. AB - The author examined the incidence and severity of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in 19 male psychotic outpatients receiving fluphenazine decanoate. Ten patients developed an EPS; only 3 had symptoms of the highest severity. The data suggest that neither prophylactic nor long-term use of antiparkinsonian agents is necessary for most patients receiving fluphenazine decanoate. On the basis of a comparison to a study of fluphenazine enanthate patients, the author concludes that fluphenazine decanoate is the drug of choice in terms of incidence and severity of EPS. PMID- 1247127 TI - Thioridazine and sexual dysfunction. AB - The authors found a 60% incidence of difficulties in sexual functioning in 57 male patients who had taken thioridazine. Ejaculatory problems were the most frequent dysfunction; a third of these patients experienced retrograde ejaculation. The incidence of sexual difficulties in 64 patients who had taken other major tranquilizers was only 25%. None of the latter group experienced retrograde ejaculation-most had difficulty achieving and maintaining erection. The authors recommend consideration of the possibility of sexual dysfunction in patients given thioridazine. PMID- 1247128 TI - Methodology and personality in Briquet's syndrome: a reappraisal. AB - The authors describe a case of Briquet's syndrome in a man and discuss the relationship of that condition to personality features. They view Briquet's syndrome as a set of behaviors arising from personality traits and suggest that examination of the genesis and treatment of the condition be shifted to a characterological approach. PMID- 1247129 TI - Editorial practices of psychiatric and related journals: implications for women. AB - The author reports on the responses of 37 psychiatric and related professional journals to a questionnaire on procedures for selection of articles and of editors and/or editorial boards, with a focus on possible sexism in these practices. Results indicated little active effort to increase representation of women on editorial boards or in the authorship of journals, although existing practices were not necessarily discriminatory per se. The author hopes that this report will encourage more women to submit articles for publication and to seek active participation in the journals in their field. PMID- 1247130 TI - Routine skull films in hospitalized psychiatric patients. AB - Skull films were taken routinely for a sample consisting of all inpatients at a psychiatric facility over a 5-year period (N = 2,943). The skull series revealed some abnormalities in 17.3% of the patients and significant abnormalities in 2.4%. The author concludes that the results of this trial do not justify routine skull films for psychiatric patients in the absence of neurological symptoms. PMID- 1247131 TI - Psychiatry and folk healing: a dichotomy? AB - A mental health center's experience with folk healers in a Hispanic urban ghetto revealed a culturally accepted belief system based on a body of empirical knowledge that helps its members to cope with distress. The authors suggest that including folk healers as team members in the delivery of mental health services is a valuable contribution to psychiatry. PMID- 1247132 TI - We help each other: primary prevention for the widowed. AB - The authors describe the inception and evolution of a program of primary prevention directed at widowed men and women. The program has four major components-the widowed (telephone) line, home visits, social gatherings, and community seminars. The various roles that the counselor plays in the program are illustrated in a case report. An informal follow-up survey of 100 participants in the program revealed that the vast majority of those served felt the program was of benefit to them. PMID- 1247133 TI - Editorial: A practical approach to quality control of health care services. PMID- 1247134 TI - The role of natural radiations in human leukemogenesis. AB - Some 3 billion years ago, life arose from a warm pool of primordial ooze amid a constant drizzle of radiation. Steadily, man evolved from the lesser forms of life because of or in spite of his natural background-radiation environment. This study is an attempt to determine to what extent these background radiations are responsible for human disease, namely leukemia. Dose rate data were compared with data on all forms of leukemia in the 50 United States for four population subgroups. For the total U. S., no relation between background radiation and leukemia is apparent. A positive correlation appears, however, if various states are deleted from the analysis. It appears that conditions relative to populations and their environment could mask a radiation effect if in fact one is present. PMID- 1247135 TI - The use of nutritional 'positive deviants' to identify approaches for modification of dietary practices. AB - The paper describes methodology for doing nutrition surveys among deprived population groups of grossly homogeneous socioeconomic status so as to identify those families in which a child between age six months and five years falls in the upper 25 per cent in height and weight measurements. These families are labeled as being "Positive Deviants" from the undernutrition that prevails in the population. They are then studied anthropologically to uncover any practices related to food sources, storage, preparation, consumption, and content. The information would be used in designing food supplementation or other nutritional promotion in the population at large on the assumption that the observed "favorable" practices, although atypical, are feasible and culturally acceptable because they are indigenously rather than extraneously derived. In addition, the survey collected data on fertility because of findings concerning the close interrelatedness among a woman's nutritional state, her age when first giving birth, intervals between births, and the growth and development of her young children. Severe undernutrition raised a woman's safe age threshold for first birth above 20 years and a reasonably safe birth interval to more than three years. PMID- 1247136 TI - The epidemiology of drug use among New York State high school students: Distribution, trends, and change in rates of use. AB - A two-wave panel survey was carried out on a representative sample of New York State public secondary school students in fall 1971 and spring 1972. The majority of adolsecents have drunk beer or wine (82 per cent) smoked cigarettes (72 per cent) or used hard liquor (65 per cent). Better than one third (35 per cent) report the use of one or more illegal drugs. The illicit drugs most frequently used are marijuana (29 per cent) and hashish (21 per cent). About one in eight adolescents have used pills such as amphetamines and barbiturates, and about one in 12 have tried LSD or other psychedelics. Four per cent have used cocaine and 3 per cent heroin. Use of illicit drugs tends to be experimental and sporadic rather than regular. By contrast, about one in four regularly use beer or wine or smoke cigarettes. Self-reported rates of use increase over the course of a school year, and there is considerable turnover with respect to which adolescents are users. The increased number of hard liquor and marijuana users through the high school years results predominantly from more stability among users, rather than increased conversion of nonusers to users over the teen years. PMID- 1247137 TI - The family planning nurse practitioner: concepts and results of training. PMID- 1247138 TI - The American Journal of Public Health--relevance to the nation's public health problems. PMID- 1247139 TI - Measuring the supply and demand for dentists in a population. PMID- 1247140 TI - The use of the well-baby clinic to promote early intellectual development via parent education. PMID- 1247142 TI - A pilot sexuality training workshop for staff at an institution for the mentally retarded. PMID- 1247141 TI - Public perception of ex-mental patients. AB - Data are presented from two studies which show that perceptions of ex-mental patients appear to derive from a lack of information and that the provision of information alters the perception of former patients. Perceived unpredictability of behavior and dangerousness seem to form a dyad that causes the public to fear the mentally ill. More positive perceptions of mildly ill ex-mental patients were obtained when subjects were given short paragraphs describing typical behaviors and symptoms. These findings support the notion that a fear-motivated threat recoil cycle process is likely to be evoked by attempts to establish locally based treatment facilities, particularly in residential communities. PMID- 1247143 TI - Hypertension detection and control in a rural white Kentucky community. AB - This report presents data on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and the status of hypertension control in a rural Kentucky community. Medical care is provided to the population under study by a long established organization of nurse practitioners. With the exception of young males, detection of hypertension has been relatively successful. However, fewer than 50 per cent of persons with blood pressure greater than 160/100 mmHg are receiving antihypertensive therapy, and greater than 60 per cent of individuals on therapy have blood pressure greater than 160/100 mmHg. Despite detection of hypertension control has not been achieved in this rural white community. PMID- 1247144 TI - Letters to the editor: On measuring health or illness. PMID- 1247145 TI - Letter: On equal educational opportunities for children. PMID- 1247146 TI - Peripheral vasopressin for safe and adequate control of portal hypertension during shunt operations. AB - Nine patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were given intraoperative vasopressin (40 U/hr) in a continuous peripheral infusion during establishment of a distal splenorenal shunt. In all patients a significant and sustained reduction in portal venous pressure was achieved. As a result, blood loss during dissection and the time required for operation were minimized. The expected vasopressin induced reduction in cardiac output was limited to a transient decrease at 5 minutes. There were no significant cardiac arrhythmias. These results suggest that vasopressin given through a peripheral vein during shunt operations is safe and facilitates dissection by providing significant and sustained reductions in portal venous pressure. PMID- 1247147 TI - New approaches to the management of severe acute pancreatitis. AB - A recent experience with seventy-seven patients admitted to Boston City Hospital for acute pancreatitis permitted us to identify thirteen patients (17 per cent) whom we diagnosed as having severe protracted acute pancreatitis. These alcoholic patients obviously had fulminant pancreatitis similar to that reported by others in two instances and pancreatic abscesses in two additional instances, but nine of the patients did not fulfill the criteria usually used by others as a basic for surgical intervention. Specific preoperative diagnosis was obtained in these patients by the aggressive use of endoscopic cannulation of the pancreatic ducts, which documented the presence of surgically correctable lesions. These patients had sustained significant malnutrition, which was corrected only by protracted therapy extending an average of two months and involving all modalities currently available for nutritional support of the severely ill patient. After proper preoperative identification of a specific lesion and correction of the malnutrition, the eleven patients without fulminant disease were operated on with no deaths or significant complication. Nine of the patients had elective procedures, which included six distal pancreatectomies and one total pancreatectomy. Thus, severe protracted acute pancreatitis can be identified, and once categrorized, it can have therapeutic implications. PMID- 1247148 TI - Ablative surgery for necrotizing pancreatitis. AB - We have confirmed again that bile and trypsin injected in dogs under high pressure produce highly lethal necrotizing pancreatitis responsive to fluid resuscitation. Animals undergoing pancreatectomy show a reduction in serum amylase levels and hemoconcentration (reflected in hematocrit levels) after pancreatectomy, an effect that may be related to removal of the source of vasoactive substances liberated in pancreatitis. Qualitatively, survivors of pancreatectomy exhibit accelerated convalescence. Pancreatectomy, however, does not increase survival once the disease process is established and may be harmful. This experimental study does not support the clinical use of pancretectomy but rather emphasizes the utility of adequate fluid resuscitation in the treatment of severe pancreatitis. PMID- 1247149 TI - Treatment of postoperative reactive hypoglycemia by a reversed intestinal segment. AB - Eleven men with disabling reactive hypoglycemia, in a range of 12 to 50 mg per 100 ml, were treated an average of seven years after gastric surgery with a 10 cm reversed jejunal segment. The reversal was placed at the gastric outlet in six patients and just below the ligament of Treitz in five. The former technic produced a somewhat better correction of hypoglycemia than did the latter. A good result was obtained in all eleven and none has had recurrence of seizures or fainting. Whereas the average minimal blood sugar before reversal was 34 mg per 100 ml, after reversal it was increased to 64 mg per 100 ml. The most severe hypoglycemia was noted in a patient after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. We recommend that all patients with dumping syndrome undergo glucose tolerance tests and plasma insulin determinations to ascertain whether they have reactive hypoglycemia. It is our conclusion that introduction of a reversed jejunal segment can control refractory reactive hypoglycemia resulting from previous gastric surgery. PMID- 1247150 TI - Alteration in esophageal motility after laryngectomy. AB - Ten laryngectomees underwent esophageal motility studies to assess the effect of laryngectomy on esophageal function. When these patients are compared with controls, marked derangements in esophageal motility were noted in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and in the body of the esophagus. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function did not differ significantly from the controls. Dysphagia developed postoperatively in five of the ten laryngectomees. This preliminary analysis suggests that esophageal motility disturbances may be relatively frequent after laryngectomy and that these disturbances may be clinically significant. The theoretical basic for the motility abnormalities and areas of future research are discussed. PMID- 1247151 TI - Mortality and prognosis of obstructing carcinoma of the large bowel. AB - In a series of 760 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, 103 patients presented with acute obstruction requiring urgent surgical decompression. Obstructed patients were slightly older and had slightly more advanced tumors than the total group. Obstructing lesions of the left colon treated primarily by staged procedures had relatively low mortality and five year survival figures comparable to unobstructed cases. Obstructing lesions of the right colon had a much poorer absolute five year survival rate, mainly because of the high operative mortality associated with primary resection in our institution. Five year survival after curative resection in patients with obstructing tumors of the right colon was considerably less than in patients with nonobstructing tumors. A suggestion is made for consideration of proximal external bowel decompression in association with resection of the right colon. PMID- 1247152 TI - Fecal steroids and bacterial flora in patients with polyposis coli. AB - Fecal neutral and acid steroids and bacterial flora have been studied in a series of patients with polyposis coli and normal controls. The patients with polyposis coli showed a higher concentration of cholesterol and primary bile acids, which increased still more after ileorectostomy. The bacterial flora of the patients with polyposis coli showed an anaerobe/aerobe ratio of 2.7/1 with a relative increase in clostridia and bifidobacteria and decrease in eubacteria and bacteroides. After ileorectostomy clostridia disappear, as do rumenococcus, peptostreptococcus, and fusobacteria, whereas eubacteria and lactobacilli decrease and bifidobacteria and bacteroides increase. Eubacteria showed a decrease from normal in the pre- and postoperative patients with polyposis coli and paralleled the reduction of cholesterol to coprostanol. PMID- 1247153 TI - Effects of prophylactic antibiotics on colonic healing. AB - The effect of antibiotic colon preparation on the tensile strength and morphologic appearance of colonic anastomoses has been investigated in dogs. Preparation with preoperative kanamycin did offer a slight benefit over mechanical bowel cleansing. The addition of erythromycin and kanamycin to the preoperative bowel preparation significantly (p less than 0.001) improved the mean tensile strengh of the healing colonic anastomosis. Continuation of erythromycin and kanamycin for one week postoperatively almost doubled the mean tensile strength of the healing anastomosis. Continuation of erythromycin without kanamycin in the postoperative period provided little protection over the preoperative administration of kanamycin and erythromycin. Histologic examination showed that erythromycin and kanamycin given during the pre- and postoperative period changed the mode of healing from that of secondary intention to healing by first intention. The findings support the concept that soilage of the peritoneal cavity at the time of elective colon surgery is not as important as leakage caused by poor anastomotic healing. Antibiotic bowel preparation with kanamycin and erythromycin improves the healing of colonic anastomoses. PMID- 1247154 TI - Combined abdominotranssacral reconstruction of the radiation-injured rectum. AB - Reconstruction of the rectum by a technic of combined abdominotranssacral proctocolectomy and proctocolostomy is presented as an alternative to the surgical conservatism that has been the time-honored approach to the management of radiation-injured rectum. The procedure has permitted safe accomplishment of rectal anastomosis with as little as a 1 cm distal rectal stump. Satisfactory, true anal sphincteric continence is enjoyed by six patients who have been completely reconstituted, and satisfactory reconstitution in the remaining two is anticipated. These results suggest that reinspection of the traditional approach to the radiation-injured rectum is warranted now that safe and physiologically effective reconstitution can be accomplished by a combined abdominotranssacral technic. PMID- 1247155 TI - Plasma and parathyroid tumor tissue gastrin and hyperparathyroidism. AB - Hyperparathyroidism has been associated with an increased incidence of duodenal ulcer, increased acid secretion, and increased plasma gastrin levels. A relationship between these changes, increased serum calcium levels, and the increased incidence of peptic ulceration has been suggested, especially since increased plasma gastrin levels, serum calcium levels, and gastric acid secretion decrease after parathyroidectomy. We have previously suggested that the decrease in plasma gastrin levels after parathyroidectomy may suggest an extragastric source of gastrin, whereas others using immunofluorescent studies have suggested that the parathyroid adenomas themselves might be the source of this gastrin. We prospectively studied in fifteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, plasma gastrin and serum calcium levels before and after parathyroidectomy, as well as the gastrin content of parathyroid tumor tissue. The mean basal plasma gastrin level before operation was significantly greater than that of a control group and decreased insignificantly after operation, in contrast to serum calcium levels. No positive correlation could be found between plasma gastrin and serum calcium levels before and after operation. Parathyroid tumor tissue was assayed for gastrin content by radioimmunoassay and no detectable amounts of gastrin could be recovered from any tumor. The results do not support the concept that the extragastric source of gastrin in patients with hyperparathyroidism is the parathyroid adenoma itself. PMID- 1247156 TI - Suppression of gastric secretion and serum gastrin by gastrin antibody. AB - Fourteen dogs received varying doses of antigastrin antibody; after a single dose of 0.07 ml/kg, circulating gastrin levels could not be measured for as long as forty-seven days. Gastric secretion in response to food was not diminished by antigastrin antibody doses as high as 0.07 ml/kg daily for ten days. Larger doses, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/kg, were required to produce a temporary reduction in gastric-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Mucosal levels of gastrin in the antrum, fundus, and duodenum were greatly increased ten days after injection of antigastrin antibody. The therapeutic use of antigastrin antibody to control gastric secretion seems at the present time not feasible because of the scarcity of the antigastrin antibody and because large doses aare required to obtain only a temporary effect. PMID- 1247157 TI - Human gastrin response to secretin after vagotomy. AB - The gastrin response to a liquid meal with and without secretin infusion was studied in nine patients undergoing selective or truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer disease. Fasting gastrin levels were significantly increased in eight of nine patients after vagotomy, but secretin infusion did not consistently suppress these basal gastrin levels either pre- or postoperatively. Infusion of secretin did significantly lower the integrated gastrin response to feeding both pre- and postoperatively in eight of nine patients. Vagotomy alone did not significantly alter the integrated gastrin response to feeding. This data gives evidence that secretin infusion remains a helpful diagnostic test, differentiating those patients with recurrent ulcer and elevated gastrin levels postvagotomy from those patients with occult Zollinger Ellison syndrome. PMID- 1247158 TI - Gastritis and gastric blood flow in hyperdynamic septic pigs. AB - The present study was designed to determine the gastric hemodynamics in a septic model that causes both a hyperdynamic state and acute erosive gastritis. Sepsis was established in twelve pigs by the intramuscular shank injection of Pastuerella multocida (42 X 10(8) colonies) in triptose phosphate broth; four pigs received sterile broth injections (shams) and eight received sterile saline injections (controls). After 18 hours, cardiac output was measured by both the cardiogreen dilution technic and the radioactive microsphere dilution technic; cardiac output was then compared to total and regional gastric blood flow measured by the raioactive microsphere entrapment technic. Acute erosive gastritis developed in septic pigs in the fundus and body of the stomach; the antrum was spared. Cardiac output was significantly increased in septic pigs compared with sham and control pigs. Total gastric blood flow and regional blood flow to the fundus, body, and antrum were also increased in direct proportion to the increase in cardiac output. These data suggest that acute erosive gastritis is primarily due to an end-organ cellular insult from sepsis and is not primarily due to a decrease or redistribution in gastric blood flow. PMID- 1247159 TI - Neural control of blood flow in gastric mucosa. AB - The innervation of the small vessels in the fundic mucosa of the rat and the effects of vagotomy on this innervation were studied ultrastructurally. The capillaries and arterioles, but not the venules, were found to receive direct innervation. Vagotomy causes degeneration of the nerve endings that innervate these vessels, confirming their vagal origin. This finding, and the fact that some morphologic changes in the capillaries were observed after vagotomy, provides morphologic evidence for the neural control of blood flow in the rodent gastric mucosa. PMID- 1247160 TI - Rapid long tube intubation of the jejunum by a new endoscopic device. AB - Despite the advantages of aseptic nonoperative intubation of the small intestine for decompression of obstructed loops, 48% of the attempts lead to failure to pass the tube through the pylorus. The difficulty and inconvenience of passage beyond the stomach have been overcome by the development of a special tube attachment adapted to a fiberoptic duodenoscope (Olympus Model GIF-K). Under direct endoscopic vision the tube can be carried into the second and third portion of the duodenum, released from the scope, and then further prodded into the jejunum. The entire procedure takes less than 15 minutes. Rapid intubation has now been easily carried out in five patients. Three patients had mechanical bowel obstruction. Rapid and effective decompression allowed adequate time for stabilization of concomitant serious problems such as (1) marked cardiopulmonary dysfunction secondary to a near fatal pulmonary embolus, (2) severe peritonitis post appendectomy, and (3) acidosis and dehydration. Surgical correction of the obstructing lesions was safely deferred for up to one week until the concomitant problems improved. The fourth patient, who was a renal transplant recipient, had chronic gastric ileus secondary to duodenal ulcer. Rapid passage of the long tube into the jejunum allowed restoration of nutrition and avoidance of gastrostomy. The fifth patient, with an ileus secondary to an infected abdominal aortic graft, underwent successful decompression but died of sepsis. He represents the only mortality. We propose that jejunal intubation using our technic is not only rapid but relatively easy and should encourage the wider acceptance of aseptic long tube intestinal decompression. PMID- 1247161 TI - A possible explanation for postoperative diarrhea after colostomy closure. AB - The transient diarrhea that sometimes follows the closure of colostomies has been ascribed to rapid transit in the previously defunctionalized distal colon. However, the present study of the temporarily bypassed colon in the rat indicated that a reduced capacity for the absorption of sodium and water develops within two to three weeks after bypass, without significant decreases in transit time or colon volume. After restoration of continuity, the absorptive capacity for water increased to normal under some of the experimental conditions. It is therefore suggested that postoperative diarrhea after colostomy closure in man may be related to a temporary decrease in absorptive capacity in the previously bypassed distal colon. PMID- 1247162 TI - Analysis of patient disability after curative resection for colonic and rectal cancer. AB - Ninety-seven patients undergoing curative resection for colonic or rectal cancer were investigated to determine the degree of early disability, that is, disability one to four years postoperatively. Seventy per cent of the patients were disability free postoperatively and fully employable, and among those who died of the disease, 73 per cent had no disability three months prior to death. The results indicate that waiting five years to determine cure in this disease wastes many man-years of fruitful employability. PMID- 1247163 TI - Fluorometric determination of erythromycin and erythromycin propionate in whole blood or plasma and correlation of results with microbiological assay. PMID- 1247164 TI - Determination of ascorbic acid in foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and body fluids by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 1247165 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic method for routine analysis of major parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particulate matter. PMID- 1247166 TI - Determination of theophylline in plasma ultrafiltrate by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 1247167 TI - Electron capture gas-liquid chromatography of short chain acids as their 2,2,2 trichloroethyl esters. PMID- 1247168 TI - Electron capture gas chromatography of tertiary amines as pentafluorobenzyl carbamates. PMID- 1247169 TI - Determination of lactose malabsorption by breath analysis with gas chromatography. PMID- 1247171 TI - Determination of chlorophenoxy herbicides in air by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: selective ion monitoring. PMID- 1247170 TI - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric studies of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco and marijuana smoke condensates. PMID- 1247172 TI - Personal atmospheric gas sampler using the critical orifice concept. PMID- 1247173 TI - A mechanism for the heat-induced fluorescence of coumaphos and related compounds and the identification of their metabolites in water. PMID- 1247174 TI - The cluster analysis technique of pattern recognition: application to the trace metal composition of cardiovascular tissues. PMID- 1247175 TI - Dual-wavelength spectrophotometry. Part VI. Determination of phenol in industrial waste and the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in mixtures by first derivative spectra. PMID- 1247176 TI - Non-dispersive atomic-fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of mercury and its application to fish samples. PMID- 1247177 TI - The determination of some toxic metals in human liver as a guide to normal levels in New Zealand. Part I. Determination of Bi, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Ag, T1 and Zn. PMID- 1247178 TI - The use of differential scanning calorimetry to identify methaqualone samples: forensic applications. PMID- 1247179 TI - Sample preparation in the micro-determination of organic compounds in plasma or urine. PMID- 1247180 TI - The determination of strontium-90 and strontium-89 in water without separation of strontium from calcium. PMID- 1247181 TI - Determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in orange juice. PMID- 1247182 TI - Appearance and disappearance of multiply ciliated follicular cells during development of the dog's thyroid gland. AB - Multiply ciliated follicular cells have been observed in developing thyroid glands in dogs. These cells are prominent three weeks prior to the expected date of birth but become progressively less common as development proceeds. After birth only rare isolated cilia remain. No evidence of removal of cilia by autophagy or loss into colloid was found. It is concluded that cilia are probably no longer formed by mature cells and that those already present are diluted out by progressive division of mature follicular cells. PMID- 1247183 TI - The nonuniform distribution of acidic components on the human placental syncytial trophoblast surface membrane: a cytochemical and analytical study. AB - The surface coat of syncytial trophoblast from term human placentas was studied using cytochemical methods (colloidal iron, alcian blue-lanthanum nitrate, dialyzed iron) in coordination with tissue enzyme digestions (trypsin, neuraminidase) and sialic acid analyses. The presence of at least two highly acidic anionic components that contribute significantly to the surface negativity of trophoblast has been demonstrated. The first of these, sialic acid, was removed with neuraminidase. Tissue digestion with this glycosidase was accompanied by a decrease in trophoblast surface staining with colloidal iron, a decrease in tissue sialic acid, and an increase in the concentration of sialic acid in the incubating medium. Results from methylation experiments were consistent with the presence of sialic acid. The second anionic component(s) was identified by removal with trypsin of a glycocalyx constituent that stained with both colloidal iron and lanthanum. After trypsinization, tissue sialic acid levels were not significantly different from control values, and no detectable sialic acid was present in the incubating medium. The identity of this anionic component has not been established. Both sialic acid and nonsialic acid acidic components are distributed in higher density on membrane of microvilli than on intermicrovillous surface membrane. In addition, the sialic acid moieties appear to be clustered in the glycocalyx. PMID- 1247184 TI - Effect of uterine artery ligation on ovulation in the rat. AB - Female rats were divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) one uterine artery (a.) ligated near the utero-tubal (U-T) junction, (3) one uterine a. ligated at the level of the cervix, (4) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the U-T junction, (5) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the cervix and (6) both uterine aa. tied with one ligature at the cervix. Segmental aa. were disrupted in all experimental groups except group 6. Animals were allowed to recover for ten days and killed the first metestrus thereafter. Number of eggs ovulated was determined by flushing the oviduct with saline solution and counting the ova. Control rats ovulated 5.0 +/- 0.4 eggs per ovary. Groups 2 and 3 had an increase in the number of eggs shed from the ovary on the non-ligated side. In contrast, a decrease in the number of ova shed occurred on the ligated side. When both aa. were ligated separately (groups 4 and 5), irrespective of location, a decrease in the number of eggs shed by both ovaries was evident. No effect was found when only one ligature was placed near the cervix (group 6). The data demonstrate that blood supply to the ovary via the uterine artery is essential for the full complement of eggs to be shed. PMID- 1247185 TI - A macroscopic study of the brain of Bison bison bison, the American plains buffalo. AB - The macroscopic anatomy of the brain of the American Plains Buffalo (Bison bison bison) is detailed herein for the first time. Many features vary significantly from most previously described ungulate species including its large size, fissural pattern of the cerebral hemispheres and well developed insular cortex. The midbrain, particularly the tectum, is outstanding: the superior colliculi appear to be the largest reported for any mammal and occupy most of the dorsal midbrain by surface area and volume estimates. The cerebellum is small relative to the total brain volume, a peculiarity reported elsewhere for other ungulates. Morphometric criteria further indicate the brain of bison is highly specialized. Drawing from various lines of evidence, it is suggested that the anatomical uniqueness of the present day bison brain may represent a vestige of the past, remaining largely unchanged over a broad expanse of geologic time. PMID- 1247186 TI - Response of tanycytes of rat median eminence to intraventricular administration of colchicine and vinblastine. AB - The effects of colchicine and vinblastine on tanycytes of the rat median eminence have been studied using the electron microscope. Colchicine and vinblastine were administered by intraventricular cannulation into the third ventricle and demonstrated distinct morphological effects on tanycyte microtubules. Highest drug doses administered were 50.0 mug in 5.0 mul of saline initially, followed by an additional 50.0 mug of these agents infused in a volume of 13.0 mul saline over an hour. Colchicine treatment resulted in the formation of large crystalloids within tanycytes, coincident with the disappearance of microtubules, all along the ventricular surface. Nonetheless the tanycytes appeared able to maintain a continuous, tight lining, as in controls, although some crystalloids were observed beneath the ventricular surface, either within tanycyte processes or within neuronal processes. Vinblastine treatment also resulted in the formation of identical crystalloids but at highest doses thoroughly destroyed the tanycyte lining of the median eminence and exposed cellular elements below the surface to the drug. Portal capillaries approaching the ventricular surface were generally free of any signs of drug response to either colchicine or vinblastine. PMID- 1247187 TI - The familial incidence of allergic disease. AB - The familial incidence of asthma, hay fever, recurrent rhinitis, recurrent bronchitis, eczema and urticaria was studied in 176 normal families. When these diseases, with the exception of urticaria, were present in a parent there was an increase in prevalence of the same disease in the child. This suggests that there is a heritable component in the end organ most easily sensitized in the allergic response. PMID- 1247188 TI - Allergy and recurrent urinary tract infections in childhood. I. AB - In pediatric practice urinary tract infections rank second in frequency only to infections of the respiratory tract. Evidence is presented that allergy of the urinary tract is a true entity and is commonly the initiating excitant of recurrent urinary tract infections. Specific antiallergic therapy frequently produces excellent results in these cases. PMID- 1247189 TI - Airborne fungi survey: II. Culture plate survey of the home environment. AB - The incidence of fungi found indoors and outdoors from 13 sites in the central and western United States is reported. Hormodendrum was the most frequently isolated fungus from all sites. Exposure from the more arid sites produced fewer fungal general than those from humid areas. Indoor exposures frequently produced more fungal genera than outdoor exposures. PMID- 1247190 TI - Update and review course in allergy and immunology. PMID- 1247191 TI - Hemoconcentration and erythrocyte fragility in chickens exposed to heat and dehydration. AB - Chickens were exposed to heat and dehydration, and the effects on their erythrocytes were examined. As chicken and camel (Camelus dromedarius) erythrocytes are of similar shape, the erythrocytes of the exposed chickens were compared with those of the camel. The salient findings were that chickens kept at 35 C without drinking water remained visibly unaffected. Their blood, however, showed hemoconcentration and increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Hemoconcentration could lead to an increase in body temperature of chickens in increased environmental temperatures. PMID- 1247192 TI - Gastrointestinal trichomonads in horses: occurrence and identification. AB - A survey of horses for gastrointestinal trichomonads was conducted to determine the organism's role in equine diarrhea and to establish its proper identity and morphology. Trichomonads were found by cultural examination of feces of 101 (35%) of 289 apparently healthy horses. At necropsy, trichomonads were cultured from 11 (37%) of another 30 horses which showed no signs of diarrhea at the time of death. In 4 of the 11 horses, colonies of trichomonads numbered 30,000 to 150,000/ml of cecal fluid. Diarrhea was induced in 1 of 6 horses, with the fecal fluid containing 10,000 to 110,000 trichomonads/ml. The trichomonad was identified as Tritrichomonas equi and it appears to be a normal member of the intestinal fauna of the horse. Its role as the etiologic agent of equine diarrhea is considered doubtful. The large numbers of T equi found in diarrheic feces are considered a response to, rather than a cause of, the fluidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1247193 TI - Treatment of horses with chronic diarrhea: immunologic status. AB - All chronically diarrheal horses given (orally) 2 series of treatments with normal horse serum recovered in 2 to 4 weeks. However, mild diarrhea sometimes persisted several months in the group of horses with severe diarrhea. Weight gains were approximately 35% in horses with severe diarrhea and approximately 10% in horses with mild diarrhea. Serum specimens from 12 diarrheal and 20 normal horses were examined for immunoglobulins by single radial immunodiffusion technique. Concentration of immunoglobulin A in serum of diarrheal horses was approximately 50% lower than that in serum of normal horses. By contrast, there was more immunoglobulin G in serum of diarrheal horses than in serum of normal horses. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M) responsiveness of blood lymphocytes showed transient suppression during the stage of severe diarrhea. The regaining of PHA-M responsiveness of lymphocytes was observed simultaneously with the recovery process. However, the responsiveness of lymphocytes in recovered horses remained markedly lower than that in normal horses. Allergic reactions in diarrheal and normal horses were studied by observing dermal response to injections of saline extracts from some of the horse feeds. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to streptokinase-streptodornase and PHA-M was also studied. Allergic reactions to these extracts were not induced in either diarrheal or normal horses; however, inflammatory response to the extracts was approximately 50% greater in normal than in diarrheal horses. Response to intradermal injection of either streptokinase-streptodornase or PHA-M was significantly greater in normal horses than in diarrheal horses. PMID- 1247194 TI - Termination of pseudopregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2alpha and termination of early pregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2alpha or colchicine or by removal of embryo in mares. AB - At day 24 of gestation, pregnant mares were allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups (3 to 5 mares/group): group A--nontreated controls; group B--intraembryonic injection of 4 mg of colchicine on day 24; group C--removal of embryo on day 24; group D--subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on day 32; and group E--removal of embryo on day 24 and subcutaneous injection of PGF2alpha on day 32. In all mares treated with colchicine (group B), the fetal bulge was absent within 2 days. The interval from injection of colchicine to onset of estrus was very short (mean, 4 days). These results indicated that treatment with colchicine was lethal to the 24-day embryo, and pseudopregnancy did not occur. Surgical removal of the embryo (group C) resulted in pseudopregnancy characterized by a prolonged interval from treatment to return to estrus (mean, greater than 31 days), prolonged production of progesterone, and prolonged maintenance of tense uterine and cervical tone. The interval from treatment to ovulatory estrus was longer (P less than 0.05) for group C mares than for group B mares. The mean interval from treatment to complete loss of tense tubular uterine tone was not significantly different between group A pregnant controls (28.3 days) and group C pseudopregnant mares (30 days). Treatment of pregnant mares (group D) with a single injection of PGF2alpha on day 32 resulted in loss of pregnancy in 4 of 4 mares within 2 to 5 days, and in all group D mares a large decrease in progesterone concentration occurred on day 33, 34, or 35. Although subsequent reproductive activity was variable, all group D mares rapidly lost the tense uterine and cervical tone characteristic of early pregnancy. These results indicated that a single subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg of PGF2alpha caused loss of pregnancy, and pseudopregnancy did not occur. Treatment of group E mares, which had been made pseudopregnant by removal of embryo, with 1.25 mg of PGF2alpha resulted in termination of pseudopregnancy in 5 of 5 mares. All group E mares returned to estrus within 2 to 5 days after treatment, and progesterone concentration decreased (P less than 0.05) within 2 days after treatment. There was no significant difference in loss of tense tubular uterine or cervical tone between pregnant (group D) and pseudopregnant (group E) mares after PGF2alpha treatment. PMID- 1247195 TI - Effect of bile acid on hepatic excretion and storage of bilirubin in ponies. AB - Endogenous bilirubin uptake from plasma and biliary bilirubin excretion were determined in ponies with chronic biliary T-tube fistulas. Excreted bile was quantitatively recovered. Uptake was calculated from the plasma disappearance of 14C-labeled bilirubin. Biliary bilirubin excretion was determined directly in excreted bile. When bile acid excretion was low (during continuous drainage without bile acid replacment), bilirubin excretion was 37% less than uptake. Uptake and excretion were essentially identical when taurocholic acid was infused to replace bile acids. After depletion of the bile acid pool, replacement of bile acids (by taurocholic acid infusion) greatly increased both bilirubin excretion and its biliary concentration for approximately 1 hour. After this initial increase, bilirubin excretion was maintained at a rate approximately 30% greater than the preinfusion rate. Bile acid excretion was found to be essential for normal, endogenous bilirubin excretion. PMID- 1247196 TI - Erysipelas arthritis in swine: concentrations of complement and third component of complement in synovia. AB - Concentrations of hemolytic complement and of 3rd component of complement were determined in serums and in synovia of normal and arthritic joints in swine affected with arthritis experimentally produced by the inoculation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Mean concentrations of complement in arthritic joints were increased from 24.7 to 37.5 50% hemolytic units of complement per milliliter. Third component of complement, expressed as a percentage of the serum concentration, was increased from a mean of 16.9 (normal joint synovia) to a mean of 27.1 (arthritic joint synovia). Also, fast-migrating conversion products of 3rd component of complement were not detected in synovia from arthritic joints. These results are interpreted as indicating a relatively less important role for immune complexes in the pathogenesis of erysipelothrix arthritis than is described for rheumatoid arthritis in persons. PMID- 1247197 TI - Evaluation of the immune response of cattle to leptospiral bacterins. AB - Cattle were vaccinated against leptospirosis with 3 bacterin preparations: (a) trivalent (serotypes grippotyphosa, pomona, and hardjo) whole cell bacterin; (b) bivalent pomona and hardjo whole cell bacterin; and (c) pentavalent (canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and hardjo) cell wall bacterin. Microscopic agglutinating antibody responses in cattle given the last-named bacterin were higher than those in cattle vaccinated with the 2 whole cell bacterins (trivalent and bivalent). However, microscopic agglutinating antibody responses occurred in all vaccinated cattle after they were given a challenge inoculation of serotype hardjo. Leptospires were isolated from 2 of 4 challenge controls (i.e., not given any bacterin), but none of the 15 vaccinated cattle given any one of the bacterins and then challenge inoculated with hardjo became culturally positive. It was concluded that the 3 multivalent bacterins were protective against experimental challenge inoculation of hardjo. PMID- 1247198 TI - Experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: resistance of vaccinated cattle to homologous and heterologous strains of Moraxella bovis. AB - In studies to determine whether vaccination with one strain of Moraxella bovis would protect against challenge with virulent homologous or heterologous strains, calves were intramuscularly inoculated 3 times with formalin-killed M bovis, with 14 days between inoculations. Fourteen days after the 3rd vaccinal dose was given, all calves were exposed to homologous or heterologous virulent cultures of M bovis. The results indicated that vaccination with one strain of M bovis may induce protective immunity against homologous and heterologous challenge exposure; however, because vaccinated cattle resisted infection and disease produced by a homologous strain to a greater extent than they resisted those produced by heterologous strains, polyvalent vaccines or highly immunogenic common antigens may be needed to protect cattle against the numerous strains they might encounter under natural field conditions. There was minimal correlation between the presence of precipitating antibodies against the heterologous strains and the establishment of infection and disease. PMID- 1247199 TI - Attempts to produce protection against Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle. AB - Various single or multiple doses of Ostertagia ostertagi were administered to young calves, and the production of protection phenomena elicited by single challenge inoculations ranging from 50,000 to 300,000 larvae or multiple challenge inoculations totaling 98,000 and 300,000 larvae was investigated. With some regimens, the vaccinations apparently resulted in protection against challenge exposure, as reflected by 36 to 56% fewer worms becoming established in challenge-exposed vaccinated calves than in challenge-exposed nonvaccinated, control calves. Other protection phenomena were elicited by some vaccinated calves of significantly more female worms lacking the distinctive vulval flap of O ostertagi and harboring significantly fewer eggs per female. Challenge exposure with a pathogenetic dose of 300,000 larvae produced the same degree of retarded weight gain in vaccinated as in nonvaccinated calves, and at necropsy, visceral lesions and pathologic alterations were equally severe in both groups of calves. PMID- 1247200 TI - Cecal coccidiosis in poultry as affected by prior exposure to aflatoxin B1. AB - Young New Hampshire and broiler chickens were given feed containing 2 concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (0.2 or 2.0 ppm). The larger concentration caused severe toxicosis and death in the New Hampshire chicks, but did not cause gross signs in the broiler chicks. However, temporary stunting was seen on both New Hampshire and broiler chicks during periods of aflatoxin feeding, along with persisting decreased weight gains in the broiler chicks; the latter apparently recovered during the next 21 days of feeding the starter ration. New Hampshire and broiler chicks which were given feed containing aflatoxin B1 at concentrations of 0.2 and 2.0 ppm for 28 days followed by a 21-day "recovery period" and which were not given a coccidiostat were more susceptible to severe cecal coccidiosis and had more persisting hepatic and cecal lesions than did chicks not given aflatoxin. The coccidiostat was protective against both cecal damage and losses in checks challenge exposed at 49 days of age to 100,000 infective Eimeria tenella oocysts. PMID- 1247201 TI - Homidium (ethidium) bromide inhibition of avian reovirus replication. AB - Homidium bromide inhibited replication of avian reovirus in cell culture. Inhibition was dose dependent, and the critical event required that the dye be present during the replicative viral cycle and was not attributable to a cellular function. PMID- 1247203 TI - Surgical implantation of electroencephalographic electrodes in the dog. AB - A simple surgical technique for implanting chronic electroencephalographic electrodes in the skull of the dog was devised to obtain electroencephalograms from nonsedated and nonanesthetized dogs frequently. Orthopedic screws were used as implant electrodes and for securing the recording assembly over the frontal sinus. The electrode assemblies have been tolerated well for as long as 10 months in 17 of 20 dogs and have given reliable and satisfactory electroencephalograms for computer analysis and have been virtually free of all physiologic and motion artifacts in all dogs, with minimal use of physical restraint. PMID- 1247202 TI - Coccidiostatic action of monensin fed to lambs: body weight gains and feed conversion efficacy. AB - Thirty crossbred ewe lambs weighing an average of 37.3 kg were allotted to 6 groups of 5 lambs each so that group weights were nearly equal. Lambs were fed dehydrated alfalfa pellets, initially at 1.14 kg/day and subsequently increased after experimental day 15 and 42. Each lamb was artificially infected with 18,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were given monensin in the form of medicated alfalfa pellets at dose levels of 5, 10, 20, and 30 g/metric ton, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were infected controls (infected, nonmedicated). Lambs in groups 5 and 6 developed severe clinical coccidiosis, having diarrhea and losing weight rapidly. Group 1 lambs did not have diarrhea, but the lambs did not gain well. All other medicated lambs gained weight during the experimental period of 84 days. Feed conversion was good in medicated groups 2, 3, and 4 and was poor in control groups 5 and 6. Statistically significant differences in feed conversion and body weight gains (5 and 1% level of confidence) were observed between control and medicated groups. PMID- 1247204 TI - Immunity to leptospirosis: renal changes in vaccinated cattle given challenge inoculum. AB - Resistance to renal leptospirosis was demonstrated in cattle vaccinated with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona bacterin. Fewer vaccinated cattle given challenge inoculum of virulent serotype pomona leptospires 12 months after vaccination had kidneys with gross focal lesions in the cortex than did nonvaccinated controls. Histopathologic changes characteristically associated with renal leptospirosis occurred less frequently and renal tissue damage was less severe in vaccinated cattle than in nonvaccinated controls. The isolation of serotype pomona from only 1 of 29 vaccinated cattle, compared to 7 isolations from 11 nonvaccinated cattle, at 26 days after challenge inoculum was given, indicated that mild renal infection occurred only infrequently in vaccinated cattle. It appeared that challenge inoculation of vaccinated cattle with virulent serotype pomona leptospires stimulated an accelerated secondary immune response in which immunity limited the multiplication of leptospires in the kidney. PMID- 1247205 TI - A porcine cyclops with normal female karyotype. AB - The chromosomes of a porcine cyclops were examined after a culture was made of tissue from one kidney. The 2n number of chromosomes was 38,XX, with no apparent deviations from that of a normal female swine. Possible factors contributing to this abnormality are discussed. PMID- 1247206 TI - Hematologic values for free-ranging urban gray squirrels (Sciurus c carolinensis). AB - Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis) (N=180) from Jacksonville, Fl, were examined for hematologic values: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, packed cell volume, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts, blood platelet counts, Hb electrophoresis, and erythrocyte fragility. Results were compared by age and by sex of the squirrels and by month of capture. PMID- 1247207 TI - The judged, not the judges. An insider's view of mental retardation. PMID- 1247208 TI - Letter: Extrinsic incentives and token-based programs. A reevaluation. PMID- 1247209 TI - Letter: Civil liberties and aversive conditioning for children. PMID- 1247210 TI - Evolution and the theory of games. PMID- 1247211 TI - Editorial: A lung is a lung is a lung. PMID- 1247212 TI - The elastase activity of alveolar macrophages: measurements using synthetic substrates and elastin. AB - Hamster, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit alveolar macrophage extracts were tested for elastase activity using elastin suspended in agar and two synthetic substrates, p nitrophenyl N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl L-alaninate (NBA) and succinyl-L-alanyl-L alanyl-L-alanine-p-nitroanilide (SLAPN). Activity against NBA was easily detectable, but there was no activity against SLAPN or against elastin-agar, although the assay procedures employing these substrates measured as little as 50 and 2 ng of pancreatic elastase, respectively. We concluded that unstimulated alveolar macrophages from these animals do not contain elastase, and that NBA activity is misleading as an indicator of elastolytic activity in crude alveolar macrophage extracts from these species. PMID- 1247213 TI - Abnormal lung elasticity in juvenile diabetes mellitus. AB - Static lung pressure-volume curves, lung volumes, spirometry, diffusing capacity for CO, and airway and total pulmonary resistance were determined in 11 young men with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus who were not cigarette smokers. Twelve nonsmoking men of similar age without diabetes served as control subjects. Elastic recoil at low lung volumes was significantly less in the diabetics than in the control group. Total lung capacity was also decreased in the diabetics. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the other parameters of pulmonary function measured. It is postulated that the abnormalities in lung elastic behavior are manifestations of the widespread elastin and collagen abnormalities that have been demonstrated in diabetes and are, in some respects, similar to those that occur during normal aging. Loss of elastic recoil at low lung volumes may cause more significant decreases in flows and gas transport as the juvenile diabetics age. PMID- 1247214 TI - Response of asthmatics to methacholine and suggestion. AB - Effects of diluent, methacholine, and suggestion on pulmonary function were studied in 9 asthmatic subjects. On day 1, flavored diluent was given as a control preparation. On day 2, increasing concentrations of similarly flavored methacholine were administered. On day 3, the effect of flavored diluent plus suggestion was studied. Although all variables were affected, the dose-response relationships for methacholine were most pronounced for specific airway conductance and airway resistance, in contrast to maximal mid-expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and forced vital capacity. Suggestion toward bronchoconstriction significantly affected only the plethysmographic parameters, specific airway conductance, and airway resistance, and not the spirometric variables. Both airway resistance and 1-sec forced expiratory volume showed slight, but significant, changes as a result of bronchodilator suggestion, which was used to overcome the suggestion toward bronchoconstriction. Because suggestion had a greater effect on large airways than peripheral airways, a role for the vagus is implied. Thus, any protocol using body plethysmography must consider a possible effect of suggestion on results. PMID- 1247215 TI - Editorial: Ethicist's heyday. PMID- 1247216 TI - Regional lung function in chronic pulmonary congestion with and without mitral stenosis. AB - Relative regional ventilation and perfusion were measured with xenon-133 in 16 seated patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis (group 1) and in 12 patients with chronic pulmonary congestion due to left-sided heart disease without mitral stenosis (group 2). The apex-base perfusion gradient was abnormally reduced and often reversed in group 1 patients. There was a significant negative correlation between perfusion gradient and mean pulmonary capillary pressure in both groups, but for a given elevation of pulmonary capillary pressure the perfusion gradient tended to be greater (i.e., less abnormal) in group 2. The regression line of perfusion gradient on pulmonary capillary pressure indicated that perfusion gradient had a value of zero (indicating reversal of the perfusion gradient) at a mean pulmonary capillary pressure of 26 mm Hg in group 2 but at only 18 mm Hg in group 1. Relative lower zone ventilation was abnormally reduced in group 1 and there was a significant negative correlation between ventilation gradient and pulmonary capillary pressure in group 1 but not group 2 patients. Comparison of the distribution of slowly inhaled small volume boluses, large volume boluses, and inspiratory capacity breaths of 133Xe suggested that the lower zone hypoventilation was due mainly to closure of peripheral airways but that selectively increased resistance and reduced compliance in the lower zones may contribute in some patients. Both ventilation and perfusion were reduced at the lung bases in group 1 patients, and between regions nonuniformity of relative ventilation/perfusion was significantly less than normal. Although ventilation distribution was relatively normal in group 2 patients, they also had significantly less regional ventilation/perfusion nonuniformity than normal subjects. PMID- 1247217 TI - Basic principles and stages in testing new vaccines against respiratory viruses. PMID- 1247218 TI - Relapse in pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Five hundred forty-three patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis who successfully completed treatment were followed for 5 years to determine relapse rates and to see whether any factors could be said to predispose to relapse. Practically the entire treatment of these patients had been carried out in their homes. The cumulative relapse rate during a 5-year period was 11.60 per cent. Relapse rates were low during the first 2 years of follow-up. Of the various factors considered in the analysis, age, sex, initial extent of disease or cavitation, and presence of initial or emergent drug resistant bacilli did not influence the relapse rate. Patients who achieved complete radiographic clearing at the time treatment was stopped and those who were regular in treatment had comparatively low relapse rates. Cured patients included in the study were asked to report at least once annually for a checkup, and immediately if they developed any symptoms suggestive of relapse. Only one fourth of the cases of relapse were detected during routine annual checkup; in the remaining cases, the patients attended ahead of the next due visit because of symptoms. This casts doubt on the utility of keeping cured patients under prolonged routine surveillance. PMID- 1247219 TI - Prognosis after recovery from adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Ten patients who survived an acute episode of the adult respiratory distress syndrome were studied on recovery. Serial pulmonary function tests performed in 3 subjects revealed a tendency toward normalization of values at 4 to 6 months after the episode, with a subsequent serial decrease in maximal mid-expiratory flow rates, and a partial reversal by bronchodilators. Of the 10 patients, 6 had dyspnea on exertion and all but one of the 6 were smokers. The ventilatory tests revealed a predominantly restrictive pattern in 2 patients and an obstructive pattern in 4. The 4 asymptomatic patients had essentially normal pulmonary function. Pathologic features of the lung, available in 3 cases, are discussed. PMID- 1247221 TI - Cigar inhaling. AB - Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were compared in 3 groups of outpatients who had inhaled cigarettes in the past. Group 1 consisted of 16 current nonsmokers; group 2, 24 inhaling cigarette smokers; group 3, 10 inhaling cigar smokers. An arterial blood sample was analyzed for carboxyhemoglobin and hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation was calculated and measured. Mean +/- SE carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were 1.0 +/- 0.1, 4.6 +/- 0.5, and 8.4 +/- 1.4 per cent, respectively, for the 3 groups (P less than 0.005). Although calculated oxygen saturation values were not significantly different, measured oxygen saturation values were 96.7 +/- 0.7, 93.0 +/- 1.0, and 88.4 +/- 1.8 per cent, respectively (P less than 0.025). Hemoglobin concentrations in smokers were higher than in nonsmokers (P less than 0.001). This study indicated that cigar smokers who intentionally inhale have higher carboxyhemoglobin concentrations and lower measured oxygen saturation values than cigarette inhalers. This may be even more detrimental to their health than cigarette smoking. PMID- 1247222 TI - A preliminary study of the effect of a vibrating pad on bronchial clearance. AB - The effect of vibration (41.0 +/- 5.4 Hz; 2 mm amplitude) on the clearance of lung secretions was ascertained in 10 patients with chronic bronchitis who complained of difficulty in raising sputum. Vibration was applied to the back for one hour by an electrically driven pad while the patients reclined on a couch with the trunk at 45 degrees to the vertical. Each patient had randomized control and experimental runs of 5 hours' duration that were identical in all respects except for vibration. The rate of clearance of secretions from the lung was assessed by serial whole lung counts after inhaling monodispersed tracer particles tagged with a gamma-emitting radioisotope (technetium-99m) and by sputum production. The mean rates of clearance and of sputum production were slightly higher during the vibration runs than the control runs but the differences were not significant. PMID- 1247220 TI - Late relapse of pulmonary blastomycosis after adequate treatment with amphotericin B. Case report. AB - A 53-year-old man experienced relapse of pulmonary blastomycosis 9 years after having been treated successfully with amphotericin B and responded satisfactorily to retreatment. Relapse of blastomycosis after adequate treatment with amphotericin B is apparently uncommon. However, published reports include relatively few patients who have had long-term follow-up. PMID- 1247223 TI - Editorial: Pulmonary research training--a changing scene. PMID- 1247224 TI - Editorial: Funding of pulmonary training programs. PMID- 1247225 TI - The evolution of biochemical damage in the rat lung after acute cadmium exposure. AB - Rats were exposed once to a polydisperse aerosol of 0.005 M cadmium chloride for 2 hours. Controls were saline-exposed rats and unexposed rats. Total extractable lipid, malate, lactate, isocitrate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were measured on the organelle-free cytosol from homogenized lungs at periods up to 10 days after exposure. The wet weight, dry weight, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid content of the lungs were also determined. Ultrastructural appearances were studied at the same time intervals in a separate experiment. Total lipid content, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities showed approximate doubling by the fourth day after exposure, this change coinciding with doubling of wet lung weight and total lung deoxyribonucleic acid content. Malate dehydrogenase activity showed a high peak 1 hour after exposure before decreasing to follow the pattern of lactate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The changes found may be a nonspecific reaction to lung injury, comparable with oxygen, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide. These results in Type II cell proliferation, which would enhance glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase content and resistance to peroxidation. Lipid accumulation could be a similar response. However, the initial elevation in malate dehydrogenase activity is more in keeping with a specific mitochondrial injury (with some ultrastructural support), perhaps with leakage of mitochondrial enzymes. This suggests that there may be more than one mechanism at work in the injury. It is significant that despite the marked structural and functional changes, none of the rats died after the exposure, which makes the injury a model worthy of further investigation. PMID- 1247226 TI - Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in normal subjects after upper respiratory tract infection. AB - Inhalation of histamine diphosphate aerosol (1.6 per cent, 10 breaths) produced a 218 +/- 54.6 per cent (mean +/- SE) increase in airway resistance in 16 normal subjects with colds compared with a 30.5 +/- 5.5 per cent increase in 11 healthy control subjects (P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference in mean baseline airway resistance between the two groups. Inhalation of saline produced no significant change in airway resistance in either group. Isoproterenol hydrochloride (0.5 per cent, 1 breath) or atropine sulfate aerosol (0.2 per cent, 20 breaths) each reversed and prevented the increase in airway resistance by histamine, indicating that the bronchoconstriction was caused by smooth muscle contraction and that post-ganglionic, cholinergic pathways were involved in the mechanism. In 6 subjects with colds, citric acid aerosol (10 per cent, 5 breaths) caused bronchoconstriction that lasted up to 30 sec after inhalation, a significantly greater effect than that observed in control subjects or in the same subjects after recovery (P less than 0.05). Prior inhalation of atropine aerosol (0.2 per cent, 20 breaths) prevented the bronchoconstriction after citric acid aerosol in all 6 subjects. The threshold concentration of citric acid that produced cough in 7 subjects with colds was significantly lower than that in control subjects or in the 7 subjects after recovery (P less than 0.05), suggesting that the exaggerated cholinergic response was due to a decreased threshold for stimulation of the rapidly adapting sensory receptors in the airways. We have provided evidence that respiratory viral infections that produce airway epithelial damage temporarily cause these subjects to develop more bronchoconstriction after inhaling smaller doses of histamine than do healthy subjects. The fact that atropine prevents this response and that the threshold to cough is temporarily decreased is compatible with our hypothesis that airway epithelial damage by infection exposes and, thus, "sensitizes" the rapidly adapting airway receptors to inhaled irritants, causing increased bronchoconstriction via a vagal reflex. Damage to the airway epithelium may occur as a result of mechanical factors, inhaled chemicals, and pollutants, such as ozone, infections, or perhaps as a result of the action of materials released endogenously (e.g., from mast cells, white blood cells, or platelets). "Sensitization" of rapidly adapting sensory receptors in the airways may be an important factor in asthma and in other diseases of airways. PMID- 1247227 TI - Pulmonary mechanics after uncomplicated influenza A infection. AB - Pulmonary mechanics were evaluated in 13 nonsmoking adults with acute, uncomplicated influenza A/Port Chalmers/73(H3N2) virus infection. Subjects had no evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement on physical examination. Viral and/or scrologic evidence of influenza infection was established for all subjects. Physiologic measurements included forced expiratory rates by spirometry and total pulmonary resistance (RT) measured at 3, 5, 7, and 9 cycles per sec by the oscillometric technique. Subjects were studied at time of acute illness and at 1, 3, and 5 weeks thereafter. Spirometric measurements were initially normal in all subjects and did not change significantly throughout the study. Elevated RT measured at 3 cycles per sec and an abnormal degree of frequency dependence of RT, determined by comparing RT at 3 cycles per sec to RT at 9 cycles per sec, were initially present in 10 of 13 subjects. All 7 of these subjects initially abnormal who were tested 7 days after the onset of illness had abnormal frequency dependence. At 3 weeks, 7 of the 10 subjects initially abnormal continued to have frequency dependence of RT. All but 2 subjects reverted to normal levels by 5 weeks. Frequency dependence of RT indicates that acute influenza infection produces uneven time constants in the airways. A generalized increase in peripheral airway resistance or localized compliance changes could account for these abnormalities. Because these abnormalities persisted well beyond the period of clinical illness, these data imply that asymptomatic mechanical dysfunction of the lungs is a frequent sequela to acute influenza A virus infection. RT measured by the oscillometric method was a suitable noninvasive method for detecting abnormal airway time constants in these subjects with acute upper respiratory diseases. PMID- 1247228 TI - Closing volume in coal miners. AB - Closing volume and closing capacity were determined in 82 working Appalachian coal miners and in a comparable group of control subjects. Abnormalities of closing volume and closing capacity were related to other measurements of pulmonary function. The relationship of smoking history, dust exposure, and presence of pneumoconiosis and bronchitis to elevations of closing volume and closing capacity was determined. It was shown that nonsmoking miners had elevated closing volume and closing capacity when compared to control subjects. Miners who were smokers or ex-smokers also had elevated closing capacity when compared to control subjects. Neither bronchitic symptoms nor the radiographic presence of pneumoconiosis were associated with an elevation of closing volume or closing capacity. PMID- 1247229 TI - Influence of relative humidity on functional effects of an inhaled SO2-aerosol mixture. AB - Lightly anesthetized guinea pigs were exposed to 1 ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and 1 mg per m3 of sodium chloride aerosol, individually and in combination, at low and high relative humidities. At low relative humidity (less than 40 per cent) the aerosol was a crystal, at high relative humidity (greater than 80 per cent) a droplet. Exposures lasted one hour. Changes in pulmonary mechanical function characterized by an increase in flow resistance and decrease in compliance were seen only when the mixture was administered at high relative humidity. The effect is ascribed to absorption of the highly soluble SO2 into the droplet before inhalation. PMID- 1247230 TI - The prevalence of farmer's lung in an agricultural population. AB - Four hundred seventy-one persons associated with farming or dairy production were surveyed by means of a questionnaire for evidence of hypersensitivity lung disease due to inhalation of moldy hay or grain (farmer's lung). Of these, 172 were evaluated with spirometry, serologic studies, and chest roentgenographs. A history typical of the farmer's lung syndrome was given by 14 of the 471 subjects (3.9 per cent). Precipitating antibodies to Micropolyspora faeni were identified in sera from 2 of these 14 subjects (14 per cent), and spirograms were abnormal in 4 (28 per cent). The prevalence of farmer's lung in this community (i.e., 3 per cent) is comparable to that found in epidemiologic studies in Britain and Scotland. Farmer's lung disease may be an important occupational illness of dairy and cattlemen in this country, but the diagnosis may be overlooked frequently because of the lack of patient and/or physician awareness. PMID- 1247231 TI - Estimating health risks in studies of the health effects of asbestos. AB - Epidemiologic studies of respiratory cancer hazards associated with asbestos exposure in working populations should provide some estimate not only of whether an excess in cancer exists but of the magnitude of this excess. While most studies seem to be in agreement as to the existence of an excess, there is considerable disagreement as to its magnitude. For 11 studies, estimates of relative risk for respiratory cancer range from about 1.2 to 9.2. Four features of these 11 studies can be identified that account for some of the variation in results: some studies include workers whose exposure to asbestos was too recent to be likely to produce cancer by the end of the follow-up period, and results are diluted by the presence of these workers; in most studies, the wrong population was used for estimating expected numbers of deaths; in some studies, death certificates for the study population were corrected based on a review of other medical records, but then comparisons were made with expected deaths derived from uncorrected death certificates; finally, in most studies, level and duration of exposure is unknown, and this is clearly a factor that determines the magnitude of the respiratory cancer risk. For 6 of the 11 studies it was possible from published material to correct results roughly for the first 3 of these factors and much of the variation disappeared. Problems in the 11 studies reviewed here should be considered in planning and reporting on epidemiologic investigations in the future. PMID- 1247232 TI - Presence of a bradykinin-like substance in pulmonary washings. AB - Pulmonary washings were studied for the presence of bradykinin-like substances and the capacity for their formation and degradation. Bronchopulmonary lavage with saline was performed in anesthetized, exsanguinated Syrian golden hamsters with a cell yield of 99 per cent alveolar macrophages. In the presence of inhibitors of both kinin formation (hexadimethrine) and destruction (1,10 phenanthroline), immunoreactive kinin was found in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid (12.5 ng per 5 x 10(6) cells lavaged), washings of pooled macrophages (5.62 ng per 5 x 10(6) cells washed), and lysates of alveolar macrophages (3.97 ng per 5 x 10(6) cells lysed). Higher kinin concentrations were obtained by selective inhibition of kinin-destroying enzymes with phenanthroline. Inhibition of kinin formation with hexadimethrine alone rendered nearly all concentrations below the limit of detectability. These findings demonstrated that the capacity for kinin formation and degradation exists in pulmonary washings. The precise origin of this kinin and its forming and destroying enzymes (whether from the pulmonary alveolar macrophage, other sites in the bronchopulmonary tree, or plasma) is not yet known. PMID- 1247233 TI - Indications for mediastinoscopy in bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - In an attempt to formulate indications for mediastinoscopy, the histologic tumor type and the radiographic manifestations of the tumor were correlated with the occurrence of mediastinal node metastases in 121 patients who had potentially resectable bronchogenic carcinoma. Our results demonstrated that mediastinal metastases occur commonly in patients with central lesions irrespective of cell type, but that the histologic tumor type has a definite influence on the frequency of mediastinal involvement in patients with parenchymal masses or peripheral lesions. Our results also demonstrated that the absence of radiographic evidence of mediastinal involvement cannot be given strong consideration when selecting patients for mediastinoscopy, because almost 50 per cent of patients with mediastinal involvement did not have mediastinal widening on the chest roentgenogram. Our results, in conjunction with currently accepted principles governing the management of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, have allowed us to propose a logical approach for the use of mediastinoscopy in the prethoracotomy evaluation of patients with potentially resectable lung cancer. PMID- 1247234 TI - Rifampin and cell-mediated immune responses in tuberculosis. AB - To estimate the potential adverse consequences of rifampin therapy on cell mediated immunity in tuberculosis, we measured in vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and in vitro and in vivo responses to purified protein derivative tuberculin. Thirty-seven patients treated with therapeutic combinations containing rifampin were compared with 13 persons who had never received the drug. After initial improvement, responses to phytohemagglutinin became depressed in patients receiving rifampin for periods of 4 to 24 months. No significant changes were noted in lymphocyte responses to concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen. In vitro and in vivo responses to purified protein derivative tuberculin were not altered. Because a favorable therapeutic outcome was achieved in all subjects, we concluded that rifampin does not have clinically significant immunosuppressive activity. PMID- 1247235 TI - The use of radioisotope techniques for the evaluation of patients with pulmonary disease. AB - Although it is true that pulmonary perfusion scanning is generally accepted primarily in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, the introduction of regional ventilation studies with radioactive 133Xe, the use of the computer to provide quantitative data, and the advances being made in cardiovascular nuclear medicine indicate that nuclear medicine procedures will be used more and more in the evaluation of patients with a variety of lung and heart diseases. They have already proved of value in the following circumstances: (1) differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism; (2) assessment of regional involvement in pulmonary parenchymal disease, including degenerative, neoplastic, and infectious diseases; (3) detection of bullous disease and the determination of the possible effectiveness of surgery; (4) assessment of the response to radiation therapy in patients with carcinoma of the lung; (5) detection of pulmonary venous hypertension in patients with mitral valve or left ventricular disease; (6) detection of cor pulmonale; (7) differential diagnosis of cyanosis in newborn infants. PMID- 1247236 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome: two cases with contrasting early course and management. AB - In 2 patients with hemoptysis and hematuria, Goodpasture's syndrome was documented by clinical presentation, demonstration of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies, and demonstration of linear immunofluorescence along glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. One patient was considered to have progressive disease and was treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. During the subsequent 18-month follow-up period, clinical remission occurred with eventual disappearance of hematuria and detectable circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. The other patient did not have active hemoptysis at the time of referral and no therapy was instituted. After 12 months of follow-up, hemoptysis remains quiescent but hematuria and positive circulating anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies persist. Although therapy appears to have been particularly effective in one patient, the benign course of the other patient precludes premature enthusiasm for early intervention. PMID- 1247238 TI - Computerized roentgenographic determination of total lung capacity. AB - A computerized technique for measuring total lung capacity from radiographic chest films based on methods originally suggested by Barnhard and associates has been developed. Total lung capacity is automatically determined by tracing the margins of the lungs in both posteroanterior and lateral radiographs with a commercially available hypersonic coordinate digitizer. The results compare favorably with those obtained using a body plethysmograph. This simple, automatic procedure requires minimal training, is rapid, and can be easily implemented. PMID- 1247237 TI - Exacerbation of porphyria during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Several attacks of acute intermittent porphyria complicated the treatment of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. To determine whether the attacks were drug induced, the ability of a variety of antituberculous drugs to induce (delta) amino-levulinic acid synthetase activity in a rat liver model was assessed. Pyrazinamide was found to be capable of significantly inducing amino-levulinic acid synthetase activity; the other antituberculous drugs caused either slight or no induction of amino-levulinic acid synthetase. The data suggest that pyrazinamide was capable of causing an exacerbation of the patient's porphyria. Tuberculosis, by causing debility, may also have aggravated this patient's previously latent porphyria. PMID- 1247239 TI - Gunshot wounds of the suprarenal abdominal aorta. AB - A review of recent series of penetrating aortic injuries is presented. The highest mortality rates were found with injuries of the suprarenal abdominal aorta. Five patients with this injury, four of whom survived, are presented. Factors preventing rapid exsanguination in some patients are explained. Surgical management, including the controversy of arterial debridement, is discussed. The possibility of missing an aortic perforation at operation with five examples from the literature is pointed out. PMID- 1247240 TI - Sciatic artery aneurysm: a case report including operative approach and review of the literature. AB - A case of aneurysmal dilatation of a persistent sciatic artery is presented along with an operative approach allowing both adequate exposure of the aneurysm and the potential for proximal control of the feeding vessel in the pelvis. The embryologic origin of this residual vessel is discussed as well as the previous case reports of similar lesions. PMID- 1247241 TI - Care of patients with hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy. AB - In this series of 56 patients diagnosed as having hyperparathyroidism, 37 per cent were found to have multiple gland involvement. The data seem to indicate that routine screening has increased the number of patients operated upon each year. Hypocalcemia in the postoperative period may be manifest by a variety of symptoms, but in general does not seem to affect the postoperative course. The postoperative low point of serum calcium seems directly temporally related to the highest preoperative levels-the higher preoperative levels take longer to reach lowest postoperative levels. Several techniques of management are described. PMID- 1247242 TI - A computerized general purpose patient monitoring system. PMID- 1247243 TI - Colonoscopy and polypectomy. AB - Experience with 100 colonoscopies in 88 patients in a community hospital is presented. The instrument used was the F09000PL 165 cm ACMI colonoscope for the first 88 cases, and the F9A 160 cm ACMI colonoscope for the last 12. There were no complications. The preparation of the patient and the technique of colonoscopy and polypectomy are detailed. Indications and contraindications are outlined and discussed. Colonoscopy in this series has definitely saved 16 patients and possibly another 20 patients from laparotomy. PMID- 1247244 TI - Near total pancreatectomy in the treatment of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. AB - A case of near total pancreatectomy for acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis is presented. The procedure is highly recommended for severely ill patients, when biliary and gastric diversion have failed to arrest the inflammatory process, and retroperitoneal drainage has proved inadequate in removing the vasoactive polypeptides. These play a decisive role in the overall picture of shock. PMID- 1247245 TI - Venturi insufflation oxygenation during nonintubated endolaryngeal microsurgery. AB - Two hundred patients are reviewed in whom endolaryngeal suspension microsurgical procedures were performed under intravenous anesthesia and Venturie insufflation oxygenation without significant complication. The technique allowed the glottic space to remain free of cumbersome intraluminal apparatus. Arterial blood studies revealed that adequate oxygenation was achieved while normal pH and PCO2 was maintained. It is a technique which should be considered in microsurgical laryngeal procedures. PMID- 1247246 TI - Esophagopericardial fistula: surgical repair with survival. PMID- 1247247 TI - Pulmonary barriers to oxygen transport in chest trauma. AB - The pathodynamics of respiratory insufficiency are based upon the impairment of movement of O2 from the atmosphere to the pulmonary capillary blood. In blunt chest trauma the mechanisms can be clarified in terms of mechanical barrier phenomena. Two barriers are identified. The first is the mass or gross lung thorax complex and is determined by integrity of the chest wall and ventilation of the lungs. Impairments are manifested by reduced PaO2. The second is the micro complex of the alveolocapillary membrane. The disturbance is a combination of VA/Q alterations and increased diffusion barrier block and is manifested by reduced PaO2 and increased A-aDO2. These are summarized in Table 5. The degree of alteration in PaO2, and especially in A-aDO2, can distinguish between flail (loss of chest wall integrity) and flail plus contusion (VA/Q and a-c block). Management of chest wall-lung gross problems is well established and relatively successful. The micro barrier disturbance is more complex and difficult. PMID- 1247248 TI - Long-term survival of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus in Puerto Rico. AB - From 1950 to 1971 a total of 4,342 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus were reported to the Central Cancer Registry of the Puerto Rico Health Department. Fifty-eight patients with histologic proof of their diagnosis survived five or more years, for an absolute survival of 1.3 per cent. Neither location of the tumor or type of treatment made much difference in average survival. In fact, 20 of the 58 patients had metastasis or extension of the tumor to adjacent tissues at sometime in their clinical course. PMID- 1247249 TI - The value of thoracoplasty before extensive unilateral resection for pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Among 24 patients who required extensive unilateral resection for tuberculosis, 17 underwent adequate thoracoplasty before resection and seven others received either no thoracoplasty before resection or an inadequate one. These two groups were comparable as to severity of disease and operative risk. The incidence of serious complications was 83 per cent in the latter group compared to 12 per cent in the former. While the number of patients in each group is too small for a statistically valid comparison, the results suggest that an adequate thoracoplasty before resection is of definite value in preventing pleural complications after extensive unilateral resection for tuberculosis. PMID- 1247250 TI - Role of gastrin determinations in clinical surgery. AB - Patients with recurrent ulcer without retained antrum and with a complete vagotomy will have a low gastric acid output. Those with incomplete vagotomy and gastric resection will have a fasting and histamine-stimulated gastric acid output which are normal' this is as though they had no previous gastric operation. Both groups of patients will have a normal fasting and postprandial serum gastrin. Patients with recurrent ulcer associated with retained antrum will have a fasting and histamine-stimulated acid output above normal. In the latter, fasting serum gastrin will be increased twice normal but not as markedly increased as found in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Patients with retained antrum will have a marked postprandial increase in serum gastrin about two times the fasting level. Those patients with this syndrome will have markedly elevated fasting and histamine-stimulated gastric acid as well as marked hypergastrinemia. PMID- 1247251 TI - Current opinion on iliofemoral venous thrombectomy. AB - Iliofemoral venous thrombosis is discussed and a technique of iliofemoral venous thrombectomy is presented. Operative phlebography is recommended. The personal recommendations of leading American vascular surgeons in treating the patient with acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis are presented. I recommend thrombectomy for phlegmasia cerulea dolens, and in previously healthy, young ambulatory patients with phlegmasia alba dolens who are seen within 48 hours following thrombosis and have failed to show clinical improvement after a trial of bed rest, elevation of the lower extremities, and intravenous heparin. The majority of patients seen with phlegmasia alba dolens will best be served with nonoperative treatment. PMID- 1247252 TI - Effects of antibiotics on prevention of infection in contaminated abdominal operations. AB - A prospective study was undertaken on 102 patients with massice intraperitoneal contamination from traumatic or spontaneous perforation of intestinal or pancreaticobiliary tract to determine the effects of combined systemic and intraperitoneal antibiotic administration on the prevention of the postoperative sepsis, intra-abdominal abscess formation and wound infection. Large doses of gentamicin and clindamycin were given parenterally before, during, and after the operation for five days. In addition, the peritoneal cavity and the abdominal incision were irrigated intraoperatively with antibiotic solution containing the same antibiotics. The drugs were given so as to provide a potent level of antibiotics during the operation and in the immediate postoperative period. The postoperative wound infection rate was 4 per cent, intra-abdominal abscess 2.9 per cent, sepsis 1 per cent, resulting in a total infectious complication rate of 7.9 per cent. This is a marked reduction in the incidence of infectious complications and compares favorably with the results from either parenteral or intraperitoneal therapy alone. Furthermore, no complications were encountered due to this method of therapy. These results do not indicate that antimicrobial drugs be given prophylactically to all surgical patients, but they strongly suggest the advantages of combined systemic and intraperitoneal antibiotics in the management of patients with massive intraperitoneal contamination. PMID- 1247253 TI - Role of emergency laparotomy in acute pancreatitis. AB - Two hundred and thirty-seven cases of acute pancreatitis were reviewed and the etiology and prognostic features were analyzed. The following were found to adversely affect prognosis: female sex, old age and low blood pressure, jaundice or disorientation on admission. The results also indicate that if a patient survives the first attack of acute pancreatitis, he is unlikely to have an overwhelming fatal attack later on. One hundred and ninety-four patients were treated conservatively, with a mortality rate of 8.8 per cent and morbidity rate of 20 per cent. Thirteen patients were semi-electively operated on for biliary tract disease with no mortality. The remaining 30 patients underwent emergency laparotomy. The mortality in this latter group was 23 per cent and the morbidity rate was 77 per cent. These results suggest that emergency laparotomy should only be advised for specific indications. In addition, our data suggest that if laparotomy is performed for acute pancreatitis, the peripancreatic area should not be drained unless an abscess or pancreatic necrosis is present. PMID- 1247254 TI - Anomalous location of the papilla of Vater. AB - The location of the papilla of Vater in the third (horizontal portion) of the duodenum is a rare finding. In this report the thirty-eighth case is described and the available world literature is reviewed. PMID- 1247255 TI - Internal and external supravesical hernia. AB - Two cases of supravesical hernia are described. One was a rare posterior internal supravesical hernia discovered only at exploratory laparotomy after exhaustive but fruitless diagnostic procedures. The surgical anatomy of anterior and posterior internal supravesical hernia is discussed and a simplified terminology is proposed. PMID- 1247256 TI - Acute appendicitis in the geriatric patient. AB - Fifty patients over 60 with proven acute appendictis are analyzed with regards to the preoperative clinical picture, diagnosis, operative findings and management, and the role of associated medical diseases. PMID- 1247257 TI - Management of asymptomatic carotid bruits. AB - Asymptomatic carotid bruits may originate in the internal carotid artery from atherosclerotic plaques which predispose to strokes in certain individuals over the age of 40. Certain recently developed noninvasive screening tests are helpful in determining the hemodynamic significance of these bruits, which ultimately require arteriography to determine precise diagnosis and significance. If hazardous lesions are demonstrated, carotid endarterectomy may be recommended for selected patients without multiple risk factors to prevent the occurrence of ischemic cerebral episodes. PMID- 1247258 TI - Management of foot conditions of the diabetic patient. AB - Twenty-five years' experience in the management of the diabetic foot is reviewed. Diagnostic aids and surgical principles which proved worthwhile in preventing major amputations are stressed. PMID- 1247259 TI - Increased risk for spondylitis stigmata in apparently healthy HL-AW27 men. AB - Evidence for ankylosing spondylitis was sought by clinical, radiologic, and ophthalmologic examination in HL-A W27-positive men, aged 18 or older, selected from a tissue-donor population. Back pain of 3 months' duration or longer (P less than 0.05), back stiffness, restricted lumbar flexion and chest expansion, sacroiliac erosions (P less than 0.05) and sclerosis, and ophthalmologic sequels of anterior uveitis were found more often in the 24 men of the W27 group than in a control group of 31 men lacking this antigen. Based upon accepted criteria, 3 W27 persons had definite spondylitis and an additional 3 W27 persons and one control subject had findings strongly suggestive of spondylitis (P less than 0.05). This striking frequency, if extrapolated to the general population, would place approximately 1 of 4 W27-positive men at risk for this disease. PMID- 1247260 TI - Letter: Goodpasture syndrome and D-penicillamine. PMID- 1247261 TI - Unilateral proptosis due to monostotic fibrous dysplasia. AB - An unusual case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia causing proptosis in a 30-year old man is reported with an apparently sudden onset and progression over a 1 month period. Methods of investigation and the establishment of a diagnosis are detailed. PMID- 1247262 TI - Retinal hemorrhages in the newborn. AB - There were 100 babies examined within 24 hours of birth. Retinal hemorrhages were found in 35% of newborns. Birth trauma from forceps delivery and prolonged labor were thought to be significant. Babies born by cesarean section were less likely to have retinal hemorrhages. Asphyxia was also found to be significant. The role of low plasma prothrombin levels, the vacuum extractor and increased intracranial pressure were discussed as etiologic agents. According to Von Noorden in 1973 there appears to be no positive correlation between hemorrhage of the macula and the occurrence of strabismus. PMID- 1247263 TI - Intermittent exophthalmos due to orbital varicose vein accompanied by varicose veins of the legs. AB - A case of intermittent exophthalmos due to orbital venous veins in which there were associated varicose veins of the legs is described. Of note was the preservation of vision despite the long history (28 years) of the disturbance. PMID- 1247264 TI - Adrenochrome staining of soft contact lenses. AB - A clinical case of adrenochrome staining of a soft contact lens is described. A laboratory model for such staining is then described in which a soft lens is boiled in a basic, saturated solution of L-DOPA. Repetition of this process in fresh solutions of L-DOPA can achieve any level of black staining desired. The lens can then be made transparent by immersing it in a 3% solution of hydrogen. PMID- 1247265 TI - Unusual ocular presentation of sarcoidosis. AB - A patient is presented with a probable sarcoid granuloma involving the surface of the optic disc. Systemic steroid administration resulted in a resolution of the fundus changes and return of normal vision. Although ocular sarcoidosis is usually manifested by anterior segment inflammation, it is apparent that it may also produce proliferative lesions of the optic nerve. PMID- 1247266 TI - Variations of primary angle closure glaucoma: precise diagnosis and treatment. AB - Differential diagnosis of the three presently recognizable variations of primary angle closure glaucoma is briefly reviewed. Precise diagnosis is important, since medical and surgical treatment varies according to type. PMID- 1247267 TI - Transorbital removal of intracranial foreign body in middle fossa. AB - A limited access to the middle cranial fossa can be achieved by an opening created in the posterior portion of the lateral orbital wall. An intracranial foreign body was removed by this method. PMID- 1247268 TI - Modified trabeculectomy incision for c ataract extraction. AB - Preservation of the fistula site from previous filtering surgery for glaucoma at the time of cataract surgery is difficult. A modified trabeculectomy incision for cataract extraction following successful filtering surgery for glaucoma is described. PMID- 1247269 TI - Crosslinkage theory of senile cataracts. AB - The theory of crosslinkage as a cause of aging of all living organic tissues has withstood the test of time. Nearly all the past theories of senile cataract formation contain elements involving a potent crosslinking agent. Therefore crosslinkage may now be recognized as the common denominator in past theories of senile cataracts. This paper proposes that crosslinkage is the mechanism for senile cataract formation. PMID- 1247270 TI - Alpha-chymotrypsin glaucoma. AB - The postoperative course of 141 eyes in 115 patients undergoing uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction was reviewed. Alpha-chymotrypsin as used in our institution did not increase the percentage of eyes developing significant postoperative ocular hypertension. Smaller amounts of enzyme and a shorter waiting period than have heretofore been advocated are adequate for clinically effective zonulysis and appear to be protective against "enzyme glaucoma." Indeed, we found that among non-diabetics, those receiving enzyme experienced a lower incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension than did those not receiving enzyme. The one factor in our series related to an increased percentage of postoperative hypertensive responses was diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1247271 TI - Clinical experience with hydrophilic lenses in monocular aphakia. AB - Fifty monocular aphakes were fitted with hydrophilic aphakic contact lenses. Twenty-seven (54%) could wear the lenses for one week or more without removal. Eighteen (35%) could wear the lenses from 1 to 7 days. Five (10%) could not be fitted. No serious complications were noted although corneal epithelial problems and neovascularization needed careful observation. No case of clinical infection, conjunctival or corneal was noted. PMID- 1247272 TI - Senile (atonic) entropion. AB - The etiology and surgery of senile entropion are reviewed. Many of the presumptive causes of this clinical entity including the vague neurological etiology which caused it to be labeled "spastic" have been found baseless, and the explanation of the elder Fuchs, later confirmed by Duke-Elder, that the cause of senile entropion is due to degenerative tissue changes has been found to be more logical and more compatible with the anatomic findings. There have always been two methods of surgical repair of senile entropion: (1) unwinding the lid by resection of horizontal strips of skin or skin and muscle, and (2) by resection of vertical spindles and triangles of tissue to tauten the lids horizontally. I prefer the latter technique. PMID- 1247273 TI - Corneal thickness in glaucoma. AB - The central corneal stromal thickness of patients with open angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma (the majority aphakic), or a history of unilateral acute angle closure glaucoma were measured and compared with the stromal thickness of a group of normal patients. In open angle glaucoma, there was a small but significant increase in the average stromal thickness. This thickness increase was, in all likelihood, due to an abnormal function of the endothelium in this disease since the level of the intraocular pressure did not seem to be a factor. There was no correlation between stromal thickness and duration of the glaucoma or type of anti-glaucomatous medication. Most cases of secondary glaucome, controlled medically or not, had markedly increased corneal thickness, again, most likely, due to endothelial damage rather than to level of intraocular pressure. After an angle closure attack, permanent damage to the cornea was found to be rare. PMID- 1247274 TI - Mooren's ulcer: two cases occurring after cataract extraction and treated with hydrophilic lens. AB - Two patients developed Mooren's ulcer following cataract extraction. The first case was complicated by ocular trauma 8 years prior to surgery and by vitreous loss at the time of surgery. The second patient underwent cataract extraction without complication. Surgical trauma may have been the inciting factor in the development of these ulcers. Both patients experienced dramatic relief of ocular pain following the application of hydrophilic lenses. There was no apparent alteration in the course of the disease in either case. The use of hydrophilic soft lenses is suggested for symptomatic relief of the severe ocular pain experienced by patients with Mooren's ulcer. PMID- 1247276 TI - A forearm-wrist support for use in ophthalmic surgery. PMID- 1247275 TI - Further experience with trabeculectomy. AB - Trabeculectomies performed on 33 eyes were compared to 28 standard filtering procedures done at the same institution during a 4 year period. The success rates in the two groups of patients whether white or black were statistically comparable, 92% in the trabeculectomy group and 77% in the standard filtering surgical group. Only cases of phakic open angle glaucoma, chronic angle closure and combined mechanism glaucoma were considered. Cases of secondary glaucoma, previous surgical failure and aphakic nonpupillary block glaucoma did uniformly poorly. When trabeculectomy was performed with "enhanced cyclodialysis" early results in a few cases were successful. The incidence of flat anterior chamber and cataracts with permanent reduction in visual acuity was significantly less in the trabeculectomy group than in the standard filtering procedure group. These results support previous studies which support trabeculectomy as successful as standard filtering procedures with the advantage of having fewer permanent serious complications. PMID- 1247277 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus in patients with singular binocular vision. AB - Operative treatment of congenital jerk-type nystagmus with ocular torticollis in patients with single binocular vision is discussed. The mechanism causing the head turn as well as the methods used in measuring the head turn and the selection of surgical procedures to correct it are analyzed. The results of 7 cases operated upon for this condition are presented. PMID- 1247278 TI - Missions of clinical science. PMID- 1247279 TI - Analysis of the total bile acid distribution in human intestinal aspirates by gas liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the quantitative determination of the total bile acid content of human intestinal aspirates is presented. This method was applied to duodenal samples from ten normal subjects and distal jejunal samples from seven of these subjects. Enzymatic and radioactive monitoring of the procedures utilized yielded recoveries of 89 to 100 percent of bile acids. PMID- 1247281 TI - Interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins by gel electrophoresis. AB - The use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for the separation of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results in greater definition than does a "routine" method such as cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Unconcentrated CSF is easily separated into as many as 18 bands by the use of PAGE. By means of a modified PAGE method described in this paper, unconcentrated and untreated CSF is quickly and conveniently analyzed for protein constituents. This modification involves a continuous buffer environment, a pore-size concentration gradient and CSF in amounts of 0.1 to 0.4 ml. Sucrose addition is not necessary in this procedure. Whereas most central nervous system (CNS) disease states do not yield consistently distinctive protein patterns, some diseases, such as vascular disease, infectious meningitis and some metastatic tumors, yield significantly altered patterns. It is suggested that the chief value of CSF protein electrophoresis at the present time is to follow the course of a CNS disease. PMID- 1247280 TI - Analysis of the conjugated bile acid distribution in human intestinal aspirates using gas liquid chromatography. AB - The conjugated bile acid pattern was evaluated in intestinal aspirates of five normal subjects and five patients known to have an abnormal bile acid distribution. The glycine/taurine (G/T) ratios for total bile acids were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and by enzymatic assay using 3 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (STDH). By both methods G/T ratios in normal samples approximated 3.0 as previously reported. A discrepancy between ratio values obtained by the two methods was found in patient samples. It is suggested that the presence of keto bile acids in patient aspirates correlates with this discrepancy. The G/T ratios for individual bile acids were obtained by GLC. The G/T ratio for cholic acid was higher than previously reported. Recovery studies showed that a loss of taurocholic acid in the extraction procedure employed did not account for the high G/T-cholic acid. PMID- 1247282 TI - Bence jones proteins: nature, metabolism, detection and significance. AB - The nature of Bence Jones proteins is developed by a review of the pertinent literature. This is followed by a discussion of their metabolism and catabolism under normal and abnormal clinical conditions. Various methods for the detection of Bence Jones proteins are critically reviewed and the significance of these proteins in various disorders is assessed. PMID- 1247283 TI - Biochemical aids in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. AB - Degeneration of dopamine (DA) containing neurons in the basal ganglia of Parkinsonian patients causes a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the principal metabolite of dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA). Not only are steady state HVA levels depressed, but there is substantial diminution in the rate of HVA accumulation in CSF during the oral administration of probenecid, a drug which inhibits HVA transport from the spinal fluid compartment. Two methods for the measurement of HVA in human CSF, employing fluorometry or gas liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, are described and the results compared in patients with Parkinsonism as well as other central nervous system disorders. PMID- 1247284 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases of the central nervous system. AB - This review is presented to bring attention to those fungal and parasitic organisms that have been associated with central nervous system (CNS) infection and to offer an approach for handling their laboratory diagnosis. Treatment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to yeild best results on direct smear examination and culture are discussed. Culture procedures and staining methods to be done are given in chart form. Those immunologic tests useful in supporting the diagnosis of fungal or parasitic CNS infections are also included. PMID- 1247285 TI - Comparison of three methods for plasma fibrinogen. AB - Three plasma fibrinogen methods are presented based on (1) clottable protein assay by Biuret reagent, (2) measurement of clot absorbance and (3) thrombin time. These methods show good correlation and adequate precision on normal subjects as well as heparinized plasmas. The effects of interference owing to hemolysis, lipemia, bilirubin, heparin and fibrinogen degradation products are discussed briefly. PMID- 1247286 TI - Gamma globulin inhibition of fibrin clot formation. AB - Myeloma gamma globulins have been reported to interfere with fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. A patient with multiple myeloma is described with a gamma globulin IgG1lambda concentration of 11 g per dl, prolonged thrombin time and poor clot retraction. Purified gamma globulin from the patient's serum and from normal serum caused prolongation of the thrombin time and reptilase clotting time assays in both normal plasma and in solutions of bovine fibrinogen. In addition, fibrin clots formed during the thrombin time assays were found to be ultrastructurally abnormal. This data suggests that the interaction of gamma globulin in the polymerization of fibrin may, in at least some cases, be due to nonspecific protein interaction. PMID- 1247287 TI - Diabetic neuropathy, A review of clinical manifestations. AB - Diabetic neuropathy in some form or other afflicts a majority of patients with diabetes mellitus. Neuropathic disturbance of sensory, motor or autonomic nerves may occur singly or in combination. Cranial nerve and other mononeuropathies generally resolve spontaneously. Autonomic neuropathy which can result in orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis diabeticorum, nocturnal diarrhea, atonic bladder and impotence, although chronic, may wax and wane in clinical severity. Neuritis, disesthesias and painful sensory neuritis may resolve with good diabetic control; on occasion, diphenylhydantoin has been of therapeutic benefit. PMID- 1247289 TI - Letter: Fixed drug eruption in plasma cell chelitis. PMID- 1247288 TI - Letter: A chilling thought. PMID- 1247290 TI - Editorial: Photochemotherapy of psoriasis. PMID- 1247291 TI - Xanthogranuloma in adults. AB - Nine cases of cutaneous xanthogranuloma in adults are reported. These lesions were histologically indistinguishable from the xanthogranulomas in infants and children (juvenile xanthogranuloma), and, like those in the young, they were not associated with abnormalities of serum lipids. Unlike juvenile xanthogranuloma, however, in our small sample there was no concomitant involvement of the eye in adult xanthogranuloma. PMID- 1247292 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with cerebrovascular malformations. AB - Three cases of hereditary hemorrhagic telanglectasia (HHT) with cerebrovascular malformation are presented. Previous reports of HHT have given little attention to its association with cerebrovascular malformation, despite frequent neurological symptoms in patients with HHT. Eleven other cases of HHT with neuropathologic or radiographic evidence of cerebrovascular malformation have been reported in the literature. We think that this association may be more frequent than previously suspected. The subtlety of the symptoms in HHT is stressed, and it is suggested that patients with cerebrovascular malformation be examined carefully for HHT, and vice versa. PMID- 1247293 TI - Successful management of lichen myxedematosus. Report of a case. AB - Radiation therapy led to local resolution of a case of lichen myxedematosus, which, to our knowledge, is the first reported successful treatment of the disease by radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is only the second therapeutic modality that is effective in the treatment of lichen myxedematosus. We propose specific criteria for the diagnosis of lichen myxedematosus to facilitate future studies into the nature of this disease. PMID- 1247294 TI - Delayed purpuric reaction following superficial dermabrasion. AB - A hemorrhagic reaction of unknown cause can occur approximately five weeks after superficial dermabrasion of tattoos. This reaction may lead to alarm in the patient and possibly to increased scarring the area treated. Intralesional corticosteroid injections have sped resolution. It is wise to forewarn patients of this potential complication of tattoo dermabrasion. PMID- 1247295 TI - Parotid space tumors of non-salivary origin. AB - A review of 700 parotidectomies showed that 98 procedures were performed for parotid space tumors of non-salivary origin. The clinical presentation in this group of patients did not differ significantly from the larger group of salivary tumors except for a higher incidence (12%) of the former in the younger age group. Of the 98 cases, 54 proved to be lymph node tumors, both neoplastic and inflammatory and 44 were tumors of various somatic origins. Among the latter group, bone and joint tumors, vascular lesions and some connective tissue tumors may be recognized preoperatively. Generally, however, the entire group of non salivary tumors can be distinguished only intra-operatively, if at all. Correct recognition may lead to variations in operative techniques and extent of resection. PMID- 1247296 TI - Civilian arterial injuries. AB - During 1968-1973, 122 patients with 126 arterial injuries were treated. In 94 instances (90 patients), these injuries involved extremities. Systolic blood pressure was below 90 mm Hg upon admission in 55.6% of all patients and 37.7% of those with injuries to arteries of the extremities. The decision for operative exploration and repair of arteries of extremities was based largely on clinical grounds (shock, loss of pulse). Preoperative arteriography was needed infrequently, while operative angiography was nearly routine. Although several cases of late revascularization or traumatic thrombosis of renal artery have been reported, hypertension complicates the postoperative period, and early, aggressive approach is essential. Mortality was 10.6%, from aortic injuries. There were no deaths among patients with arterial injuries distal to inguinal ligament or thoracic outlet. The amputation rate from reconstruction failure was 1.1%, none occurring in the last 3 years of the series. The high patency rate and lack of evidence of pulmonary embolization suggest that associated venous injuries be repaired routinely. Arterial injuries represent ideal lesions (normal arterial wall with excellent run-in and run-off). Prompt treatment of shock and early, proper management of patients' mechanical disruptions will salvage many lives and most limbs. PMID- 1247297 TI - Meckel's diverticulum. AB - One hundred and ninety surgically documented cases of Meckel's diverticulum encountered at the Mayo Clinic during a 51-year period, 1920 through 1971, are reviewed. In 39 patients, the diverticulum was left undisturbed. In 51 patients, the diverticulum was the primary surgical disease, and, in 100 patients, the diverticulum was removed incidentally. The clinical features are presented as well as the surgical considerations. Meckel's diverticulum is a relatively frequent development anomaly with eccentric manifestations, and its surgical management has intrigued physicians for over 350 years. Dr. Charles W. Mayo stated, "Meckel's diverticulum is frequently suspected, often looked for, and seldom found." PMID- 1247298 TI - Burn morbidity: a followup study of physical and psychological disability. AB - Fifty-one burn patients were studied in a retrospective manner to determine the effects of the burn injury on their ability to return to their pre-burn physical and social status. The results of this study indicate that: 1) 79% of the patients were able to return to work or school, though 45% required a change in work and 25% were not able to continue with their peer groups in school; 2) the average time of disability was 6 months; 3) there was a significant psychological morbidity as demonstrated by self-confessed depression, juvenile delinquency and divorce. There is a need for awareness of these problems so that proper counseling can be offered to the burn patient and his family both during his hospitalization and after discharge. PMID- 1247299 TI - The effects of femoropopliteal vein graft failure on limb function. AB - Twenty-one patients were followed for an average of 40 months following occlusion of femoropopliteal vein grafts. Serial recordings of the resting ankle pressure index and treadmill walking time were correlated with the patient's clinical status, and compared to the preoperative values. Graft failure resulted in a return to preoperative status in ten of 11 limb salvage patients. There were 5 amputations, 3 died of unrelated causes, and 2 were subsequently improved by further reconstructions. At last followup, 3 of 10 patients who were operated on for claudication were unchanged, 6 were improved, and one became worse. In no case did graft failure result in the development of advanced ischemia. Femoropopliteal graft failure did not have a significantly adverse effect on limb function or survival in patients presenting with claudication, nor did it complicate the subsequent course of patients in whom the initial aim was limb salvage. PMID- 1247300 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a prognostic and monitoring test in clinically complete resection of colorectal carcinoma. AB - The prognostic and postoperative monitoring capabilities of the CEA assay were compared to pathological staging of the operative specimens, clinical followup including endoscopy, radiology and scanning techniques, as well as DNCB skin testing and laboratory enzyme determinations (alkaline phosphatase and transaminase). A total of 46 patients with curative resection for colorectal carcinoma were studied. This included 23 patients with recurrent tumors compared to 23 long-term survivors without signs of recurrence at the time of the study. Preoperative CEA determinations were a good prognostic tool comparable to pathological staging of the specimen. Post operative CEA monitoring was the earliest sign of recurrence in 14 of 23 patients and was positive at the time of recurrence determined by other methods in 20; it was negative in only three cases. The incidence of false positive results among the non recurrent group became a lesser problem when repeated elevated values were required before considering the patient as having a recurrence. From these data, it seems reasonable to propose the use of a second-look operation in patients with maintained elevation of circulating CEA and no clinical signs of tumor presence, if we are to treat recurrence at an early stage. Chemotherapy would be an alternative way to deal with this problem, since the absence of clinical signs in general correlate with small bulk of tumor which at this time may be more susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 1247301 TI - Primary carcinoma of the appendix. AB - Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is rare and less than 200 cases are on record. The present material consisted of 20 cases collected from different hospitals. The cases are described in respect of sex and age-distribution, symptoms, treatment and prognosis. Of 7 patients with malignant mucocele, 6 subjected to appendectomy only, were still alive 5 years after the operation. Of 12 patients with colonic type of adenocarcinoma, 3 had been treated with appendectomy only. Of these, 2 were still alive 5 years after the operation. The remaining 9 patients had undergone right hemicolectomy. Only one of them was alive 5 years after the operation. A compilation of a further 39 cases garnered from the literature, however, showed that 60% had survived at least 5 years after right hemicolectomy, compared with 46% after appendectomy alone. Appendectomy alone is probably a sufficiently radical operation for malignant mucocele provided the tumor has not grown through the submucosa and that it is confined to the tip of the appendix. Right hemicolectomy is indicated for the colonic type of adenocarcinoma. PMID- 1247302 TI - Evaluation of catheter placement in the treatment of venous air embolism. AB - Venous air embolism is a potential complication of many surgical, therapeutic, and diagnostic procedures. Aspiration of air via a catheter placed in the superior vena cava or right atrium or placed in the pulmonary outflow tract and pulled through the right heart chambers had been advocated for the treatment of venous air embolism. In this study, three catheter positions were analyzed to determine which was best for removal of gas after induction of massive venous air embolism in dogs. In 18 dogs, 9 of which were suspended by their forelegs to simulate the sitting position used in posterior fossa exploration and 9 of which were supine, a Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in the right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary artery. A measured amount of air was injected into the left jugular vein and syringe aspiration of the air was attempted through the catheter. In the group with the catheter in the pulmonary artery, aspiration was continuous while the catheter was withdrawn through the right heart chambers. The amount of air aspirated varied widely among the three catheter positions, and no one catheter position proved superior to the other two. PMID- 1247303 TI - Mechanical circulatory assistance with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for major abdominal surgery. AB - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) provides effective mechanical circulatory assistance (MCA) in many patients with cardiac disease characterized by low cardiac output and/or myocardial ischemia. The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been used almost exclusively in the care of patients with cardiac disease as their primary medical disorder. This report presents use of the IABP in three cases where cardiac disease was present, but abdominal pathology necessitating urgent surgical intervention was the primary medical concern. Experience with these three cases suggest that operative and early postoperative use of IABC in patients with documented heart disease undergoing major non cardiac surgical procedures may reduce the high incidence of cardiac complications. PMID- 1247304 TI - Letter: Spontaneous reversal of portal blood flow. PMID- 1247305 TI - Letter: Echinococcal disease. PMID- 1247306 TI - Letter: Outlook for small bowel malignancies. PMID- 1247307 TI - Attempted retrograde cannulation of the ampulla: a probable cause of mass in the pancreas. AB - Two patients developed a focal mass in the head of the pancreas presumably following attempted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). These lesions grossly mimicked carcinomas of the pancreas. In one case a radical pancreatoduodenectomy was performed because of the misleading gross findings. A focal mass in the pancreas following ERCP may develop due to asymptomatic pancreatitis caused by the procedure. PMID- 1247308 TI - Microaggregate formation in stored human packed cells: comparison with formation in stored whole blood and a method for their removal. AB - Experiments were performed to compare the formation of microaggregates in stored human whole blood (WB) with that in stored packed cells (PC) and also to compare the effectiveness of standard blood transfusion filters with dacron wool (Swank) micropore transfusion filters in removing such microaggregates. After 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of storage SFP and debris weights of PC's were considerably greater than those of matched WB samples. Passage of either WB or PC's through standard blood transfusion filters resulted in small decreases in SFP and debris weights. Passage of either WB or PC's through dacron wool (Swank) transfusion filters led to striking and highly significant decreases in both SFP and debris weights. When stored PC's were diluted to the same hematocrits as their corresponding WB samples, SFP remained considerably elevated above those of the WB samples. On the basis of this research, it is concluded that centrifugation of blood during component separation leads to a significant increase in microaggregate formation over and above that which progressively occurs during storage and that the risk of pulmonary microembolization during transfusion with stored PC's is greater than that during WB transfusion. For this reason, dacron wool (Swank) filters should always be used when PC's are being transfused. PMID- 1247309 TI - Incidental splenectomy: a review of the literature and the New York Hospital experience. AB - 981 consecutive splenectomies at The New York Hospital were reviewed. 18.9% were removed incidental to some other procedure, either to facilitate exposure or because of uncontrolled bleeding from capsular tears. The primary operation with which this was most frequently associated was gastric resection for peptic ulcer disease, accounting for 20.5% of the spleens so removed. Conversely, the incidental splenectomy was noted in only 0.91% of all gastrectomies and 1.4% of all left colectomies designated as nonradical procedures. It is therefore seldom a necessary procedure. Incidental splenectomy is more frequent when midline abdoiminal incisions are employed, less frequent with paramedian or left rectus splitting incisions. 85% of the spleens removed incidentally were grossly and microscopically unremarkable; lacerations most probably result from excessive manipulation rather than pathological changes predisposing to rupture. The postoperative morbidity and mortality is discussed and is felt to be increased significantly by the incidental splenectomy. PMID- 1247310 TI - Pedal vasomotor tone following aortofemoral reconstructions: a randomized study of concomitant lumbar sympathectomy. AB - A prospective randomized trial was undertaken to evaluate effects of lumbar sympathectomy as an adjunct to reconstructive surgery of the lower limb. The objective of this study was to assess the early postoperative effect of these procedures on pedal vasomotor tone. A pedal arterial resistance index (PARI) at rest was derived from the ratio of the ankle-digit systolic pressure gradient and pedal blood flow measured plethysmographically. Studies were performed on 32 normal individuals and pre- and postoperatively in 29 patients undergoing aortic reconstruction, 12 of whom were randomly chosen to have lumbar sympathectomy. The mean postoperative PARI in 17 patients who had reconstructions alone was 42+/-7 (S.E.M.) units which approximated the preoperative PARI (43+/-9 units) and normal control values (45+/-6 units). In contrast, 12 patients who had a concomitant lumbar sympathectomy had a significant reduction in the postoperative PARI (8+/-1 units, Pless than 0.005). These initial results indicate that the addition of lumbar sympathectomy to an aortic reconstruction may enhance blood flow to the foot by significantly reducing outflow resistance. PMID- 1247311 TI - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of mediastinal parathyroid tumors. AB - Experience and problems in the localization, diagnosis and surgical treatment of mediastinal parathyroid tumors are reported. Arteriography, pneumomediastinum and, especially, selective blood withdrawal with assay of parathyroid hormone, have proven valuable to the authors. Scintigram, intravital staining methods and venography are less productive. Retrosternal parathyroid tumors that can be removed from a Kocher incision should not, for practical reasons, be classified with the mediastinal tumors. The authors recommend the one-phase operation. If, after an intensive search of the neck and behind the sternum, no tumor has been found, it is advisable to incise the sternum step by step and revise the anterior mediastinum in the same session. PMID- 1247312 TI - Fresh and cultured thyroid gland: survival and function after implantation. AB - Isogeneic or allogeneic thyroid glands were implanted into thyroidectomized recipeint rats. These grafts, either fresh or cultured, were placed in hamstring muscle pocket or under the renal capsule. Survival and function of the grafts were evaluated by: restoration of normal levels of serum thyroxine, weight gain, kidney transamidinase (a thyroxine-induced enzyme), and histological appearance of re-excised implants. A isografts, fresh and cultured, functioned well as ectopic thyroid glands, though restoration of normal serum thyroxine levels was more rapid for the fresh implants. Fresh allografts functioned transiently but then failed due to rejection. No function was detected for cultured allografts, and rejection was seen histologically. The rat thyroid allograft therefore differs from the rat parathyroid allograft, which often can function for several months despite histological evidence of rejection. Maintenance in tissue culture prior to implantation does not appear to alter the longterm immunogenicity of either organ. PMID- 1247313 TI - Lumbar sympathectomy in end stage arterial occlusive disease. AB - Sixty-one patients had lumbar sympathectomies performed for end stage occlusive vascular disease manifested by gangrene of less than one-half of the foot, ulcerating ischemic lesions, rest pain or rapidly progressive markedly limiting intermittent claudication. The operative procedure was standardized to permit removal of the lowermost preganglionic fiber at the level of the crus of the diaphragm and the ganglionated chain to the crossing of the iliac vessels. The immediate postoperative mortality was 6.5% from cardiac causes. Over all improvement rate was 60% while early amputation rate was 40% for the entire group. Those patients with rest pain had the poorest prognosis with an amputation rate of 53%. The results are compared to other groups and factors of patient selection, anatomy of the sympathetic chain in relation to operative technique, physiology of decentralization versus devervation are discussed. The procedure is worthwhile in patients who are not candidates for arterial reconstruction who are faced with the prospect of early amputation. PMID- 1247314 TI - Renovascular hypertension from renal artery compression by congenital bands. AB - Renal artery compression by fibromuscular bands containing sympathetic nerves and ganglia was encountered in 3 of 75 patients with renovascular hypertension. The hypertension was successfully managed by resection of the bands. The absence of mortality and morbidity dictates that the "stenotic" area of the renal artery be explored, especially in children and adults with minimal angiographic evidence of visceral atherosclerosis, before proceeding with a bypass graft to the renal artery. PMID- 1247315 TI - Basal and meat extract plasma gastrin before and after parietal cell vagotomy and selective gastric vagotomy with drainage in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - Basal and meat extract stimulated plasma gastrin (PG) levels and basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion were evaluated pre and postoperatively in duodenal ulcer patients who underwent parietal cell vagotomy without antral drainage (normal duodena) (PC, n=32) or selective vagotomy with drainage (pyloric stenosis) (SV +P, n=11). Before operation, both groups had comparable basal PG values of 52+/-13 pg/ml (PCVP) AND 51+/-18 PG/ML (SV+P), while the peak gastrin level to meat extract stimulation was 173+/-40 pg/ml for the total group of patients. After both operations basal PG levels increased (107+/-18 pg/ml (PCV) and 152+/-45 pg/ml (SV+P) and the gastrin response to meat extract stimulation was augmented after PCV, while the response after SV+P was the same as before operation. Patients with PCV often demonstrated an acid response following meat extract stimulation (3.6+/-0.9 mEq HC1/hr), and pentapeptide stimulation (18.8+/ 2.0 mEq/hr) while patients with SV/P showed a minimal response (1.3+/-1.2 mEq HC1/hr meat extract), and 10.7+/-1.8 mEq/hr pentapeptide stimulation. The comparatively intact acid response in the PCV patients may augur a high ultimate recurrence rate. PMID- 1247316 TI - Aspiration pneumonia: experimental evaluation of albumin and steroid therapy. AB - An experimental model using an ex vivo perfused ventilated canine pulmonary lobe was used to study aspiration pneumonia. After intrabronchial acid instillation, the lobe weight tripled, air way pressure and pulmonary artery pressure doubled, and intrapulmonary shunting increased from 5.5% to 53.4%. If large quantities of albumin were added to the lobe perfusate 5 minutes after intrabronchial acid instillation, weight gain, air way and pulmonary artery pressure, and intrapulmonary shunting were unchanged from control levels. If large quantities of steroid were added to the lobe perfusate 5 minutes after intrabronchial acid instillation, the lobe weight doubled but air way pressure and pulmonary artery pressure, and intrapulmonary shunting were not significantly different from control values. It is surmised that intrapulmonary acid aspiration causes an immediate and marked changed in pulmonary capillary permeability. Albumin administration by counteracting this permeability change, and steroid administration by modifying the permeability change, are both beneficial following acid aspiration. PMID- 1247317 TI - Influence of hemorrhage on adrenal secretion, blood glucose and serum insulin in the awake pig. AB - A study was performed to quantitate the adrenal medullary and cortical response to hemorrhage in awake animals bled at different rates and to relate these responses to simultaneous changes in blood glucose and serum insulin. A series of awake pigs were bled either slowly or rapidly of 30% of their calculated blood volume. Infusions of exogenous epinephrine were performed in an additional series of unbled animals and infusions of epinephrine plus hydrocortisone were similarly performed in an additonal series. Increase in blood glucose and epinephrine secretion rate following hemorrhage were found to be significantly dependent upon the rate of initial hemorrhage. Cortisol secretion was found to rise significantly during and following hemorrhage in both rapidly and slowly bled animals. Serum insulin levels remained at baseline levels during shock, despite the presence of significant hyperglycemia. In unbled animals infused with epinephrine at rates comparable to those measured in shock, elevations in blood glucose were markedly lower, shifting to the right of the dose-response curve during hemorrhage. Simultaneous infusions of cortisol and epinephrine resulted in a dose-response curve which did not differ significantly from that following infusion of epinephrine alone. PMID- 1247318 TI - Reoperation for recurrent thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - Recurrent thoracic outlet syndrome that requires reoperation accounts for 1% of first rib resections. Symptoms in a series of 30 patients were mainly neurological and consisted of pain and paresthesia involving the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand and were severe and unrelenting. Recurrence of symptoms ensued from one month to seven years following initial rib resection, with the majority appearing within the first three months. Nerve conduction velocities were diminished to an average of 51 m per second, well below the normal of 72 m per second. Reoperation was required after a period of extensive physiotherapy and muscle relaxants. The high posterior thoracoplasty approach is recommended for all reoperations, as it gives better exposure to achieve safe neurolysis of the plexus and complete excision of the regenerated periosteum and posterior rib remnant, which were present in almost all patients. Results of reoperation were gratifying, and postoperative nerve conduction velocities were improved to an everage of 66 m per second. PMID- 1247319 TI - Revascularization of the septal artery. AB - The septal artery has been infrequently considered for bypass grafting due to its apparent inaccessibility. Twelve patients have recently been found to have a large single obstructed septal artery that supplied an area of left ventricle great enough to justify revascularization. A review of 100 normal arteriograms showed that 30% (30/100) of the patients had a septal artery of sufficient size to sustain a graft. Early restudy of 8 of the 12 patients who received septal bypasses showed all grafts to be patent and functioning well. PMID- 1247320 TI - Thoracic aneurysmectomy utilizing direct left ventriculofemoral shunt (TDMAC heparin) bypass. AB - Use of a temporary heparin-coated ventriculofemoral shunt in 2 patients in the successful management of traumatic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta is described. Safe and effective bypass protection can be achieved by direct ventriculofemoral diversion when cannulation of the left subclavian artery or ascending aorta is hazardous. The use of a heparinized shunt bypass without systemic anticoagulation considerably simplifies the operation. PMID- 1247321 TI - Pulmonary valvulotomy under inflow stasis for isolated pulmonary stenosis. AB - One hundred ten patients were operated upon between 1961 and 1972 for isolated pulmonary stenosis by the inflow stasis technique. Analysis of the preoperative and postoperative clinical and catheterization data define the role of inflow stasis as an acceptable method of pulmonary valvulotomy except in relieving stenosis due to a dysplastic pulmonary valve. Patient ages ranged from 2 days to 36 years. All underwent preoperative catheterization and 69 (63%) were restudied postoperatively. Mean preoperative and postoperative peak systolic gradients were 93 and 23 mm Hg, respectively. Mean valve areas before and after operation were 0.38 and 1.10 cm2/m2. Operative mortality was 3.6% (4 patients), and there was 1 late death. Two of the dead were children 2 and 9 days old, respectively. Four patients required reoperation for residual gradients; 2 had dysplastic pulmonary valves. The overall results were excellent or good in 78%, fair in 15%, and poor in 7%. Patients with dysplatic pulmonary valves were in the poor or fair group, and it is recommended that the inflow stasis technique not be used for this type of pulmonary stenosis. The excellent surgical exposure, adequate time for valvulotomy, low morbidity, and freedom from problems of cardiopulmonary bypass are reasons for continued use of this technique for treatment of selected patients with pulmonary valve stenosis. PMID- 1247322 TI - Cerebrovascular blockade associated with thoracotomy and its prevention with a platelet inhibitor. AB - Dogs subjected to a thoracotomy in which a rib-spreading retractor was employed developed filling defects in the cerebral microcirculation attributable to obstruction by microemboli. These changes were not observed in control groups and could be prevented in the experimental group by pretreatment with RA233, a platelet inhibitor. It is possible that microembolic-related complications of operations and trauma, such as pulmonary insufficiency, might be ameliorated by the use of platelet inhibitors. PMID- 1247323 TI - The extracorporeal pump filter--saint or sinner? AB - An arterial line filter can become a grave source of platelet and fibrin destruction, with widespread deposition on the filter to form a membrane across the mesh, as proved by careful scanning electron microscopy. The same filter, when subjected to the low flows of the cardiotomy line, was well tolerated and served a very useful function. There was a 260% improvement in platelet counts and a 170% reduction in chest drainage when the arterial line filter was not used, perhaps through elimination of a degree of consumptive coagulopathy. Neurological changes did not occur in the absence of the arterial line filter, and operative mortality was 4.8% (5 of 103 patients). PMID- 1247324 TI - Contralateral recurrent myxoma of the heart. AB - Nineteen recurrences of a left atrial myxoma have been reported in 16 patients. This paper deals with the removal of a right ventricular myxoma three and one half years following excision of a left atrial tumor. Because of the possibility of recurrence, postoperative follow-up of all patients with intracardiac myxomas is mandatory. PMID- 1247325 TI - Letter: Balanced drainage. PMID- 1247326 TI - Letter: Spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 1247327 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis. Still a diagnostic pitfall. AB - Vertebral osteomyelitis is still a diagnostic problem. Nonspecific symptoms (low grade fever, malaise, and weight loss) may dominate. Specific infections may be suggested by the history, and the diagnosis may be reinforced by a transient response to antibiotics. The patient may have symptoms resulting from a secondary paravertebral abscess. Even with fever, back pain, and point tenderness over the vertebral column, the correct diagnosis may not be considered. Predisposing conditions include drug addiction, instrumentation of the infected urinary tract, bacteremia from other causes, or previous back surgery. Diagnosis is made by roentgenographic studies and isolation of the causative organism from blood cultures or from the infected area. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen, although other microorganisms may be responsible. Intensive intravenous antibiotic treatment appears to be curative, without surgical debridement, external stabilization, or porlonged oral administration of antibiotics. PMID- 1247328 TI - Primary care internal medicine residencies. Definition, problems, and opportunities. PMID- 1247329 TI - The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis therapeutic grand rounds no. 13. Cushing disease. AB - Although several effective therapies for Cushing disease have been demonstrated, associated complications, side-effects, and production of adrenal insufficiency indicate the continuing need for a completely satisfactory treatment. Of the surgical approaches to the adrenal gland, total adrenalectomy offers the most predictable amelioration, but is necessitates lifelong replacement and augmentation therapy and can be followed by progressive sella enlargement and hyperpigmentation. Drugs can inhibit adrenal steroid biosynthesis or selectively destroy the zona fasciculata. Inhibitors can be overwhelmed by endogenous ACTH increases, and cause variable electrolyte changes and side-effects. The adrenocorticolytic drug (o,pDDD) is slow in onset, irreversibly destroys adrenocortical reserve, and is poorly tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional pituitary irradiation is unpredictably effective in only half of the cases, but is not often followed by the serious neurologic sequelae and hypopitiutarism observed after implantation and heavy particle therapy. Selective hypophysectomy via modern techniques is relatively new, but apparently offers a direct, and possibly, definitive therapeutic option in this disorder. PMID- 1247330 TI - Letter: Antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 1247331 TI - Letter: Gerontophobia. PMID- 1247332 TI - Letter: Pseudomyeloma: A separate entity or a coincidence? PMID- 1247333 TI - Letter: In support of family medicine. PMID- 1247334 TI - Normal renin uremic hypertension. Study of cardiac hemodynamics, plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume, and the renin angiotensin system. AB - Studies were undertaken in 33 uremic patients with or without hypertension, 11 normal subjects, and 15 essential hypertensive patients to assess cardiac hemodynamics, plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume, and peripheral renin levels. Cardiac output and intraarterial blood pressure were measured and peripheral vascular resistance index calculated. These studies suggest that uremic hypertension with normal renin values and hypervolemia is hemodynamically sustained by an increase in peripheral resistance rather than by an increased cardiac output. The renin angiotensin system plays a secondary role as compared to overexpansion in the genesis of hypertension in normoreninemic uremic hypertension. PMID- 1247335 TI - Pituitary tumors and hyperprolactinemia. AB - Hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated in eight of nine patients with clinical evidence of pituitary tumors without acromegaly or Cushing syndrome. Hourly sampling for 24 hours disclosed elevation of serum prolactin concentrations, whereas, measurable serum growth hormone levels were found rarely. Although eight of these patients were hypersecreting prolactin, only four of them were lactating. Prolactin secretion was characterized by moderate hourly fluctuations of serum levels and absence or blunting of the normal sleep-related augmentation of secretion. Patients with the highest serum prolactin concentrations tended to have the largest pituitary tumors, as indicated by pneumoencephalography. In two patients followed-up with serum prolactin determinations after treatment, a fall in serum prolactin concentrations correlated with clinical improvement. Future study will hopefully establish the value of serum prolactin determinations in following tumor growth before and after pituitary ablative therapy. PMID- 1247336 TI - Serum bile acids in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Fasting serum bile acid levels were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in 56 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Of these, 52 (93%) had increased levels (greater than 2mug/ml), including 14 of the 18 with normal serum bilirubin concentrations. The four patients with normal bile acid levels had early lesions as judged by histological and clinical criteria. With progression of the disease, as indicated by the histological features of the lesions, total bile acid levels increased, and the ratio of serum cholic-to-chenodeoxycholic acid decreased. Ratios of serum cholic-to-chenodeoxycholic acid below 1 occurred predominantly in patients with advanced or terminal disease. These studies suggest that serial measurement of serum bile acids may aid in the evaluation of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 1247337 TI - Mycobacteriosis in patients with malignant disease. AB - Mycobacteriosis was found in 59 patients with malignant disease in a five-year period from 1968 to 1973. Thirty patients (51%) had mycobacteriosis that was caused by atypical mycobacteria. The most frequent organisms were Mycobacterium kansasii and M fortuitum. The most frequent tumors associated with mycobacteriosis were squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, testicular carcinoma, and lung carcinoma. The only predisposing factor was treatment with cancer chemotherapy. Mortality due to mycobacterial infections was most frequently associated with those infections caused by M tuberculosis. Although mycobacteriosis is relatively uncommon in cancer patients, if it is present, atypical mycobacteria should be looked for because, in these patients, these organisms cause more than 50% of mycobacteriosis. PMID- 1247338 TI - Echinocytes and acquired deficiency of plasma lipoproteins in burned patients. AB - Spiculated red blood cells (RBCs) (echinocytes) and decreased levels of plasma lipoproteins developed concomitantly in severely burned (more than 35% body surface burned) patients. The RBCs were characterized as flat cells with spicules evenly distributed over the surface, and the erythrocyte lipid content was slightly increased. No evidence of excessive hemolysis was found, although modest shortening of RBC life-span could not be excluded. Development of echinocytes presaged a poor prognosis similar to that observed with acanthocytosis in cirrhosis. Striking decreases in plasma alpha-lipoprotein, cholesterol, and phospholipid values were observed and could be explained in part by loss of alpha and pre-beta-lipoproteins through damaged microvasculature as these were recovered from blister fluid. Decreased plasma lipoproteins and echinocyte development appeared to be temporally related; the degree of echinocytosis correlated with decreases in plasma lipid values and plasma protein values, but no causal relationship can be inferred because of the multiplicity of changes in severely burned patients. PMID- 1247339 TI - Is audit relevant to the medical wards of a teaching hospital. AB - The initial purpose of an experimental program of close personalized supervision of ward patients by attending physicians in addition to house staff in a teaching hospital was to determine whether such personalized care would raise the quality of care and lower the cost and length of stay. By subjective measurements, an improvement in the quality of care was perceived. However, neither length of stay nor hospital charges were reduced when compared to a control population. Moreover, the data suggest that auditing the length of stay and hospital charges does not necessarily measure the quality of medical care. PMID- 1247340 TI - Myokymia and facial contraction in multiple sclerosis. AB - Continuous unilateral facial myokymia and facial contraction occurred in a patient with multiple sclerosis and there was subsequent resolution of these abnormalities. I compare abnormal facial movements of this type with those caused by other neurological diseases and discuss the possible mechanism of myokymia in diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. PMID- 1247341 TI - Wegener granulomatosis with aphasia. AB - Wegener granulomatosis, a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that characteristically involves the respiratory tract and the kidneys, may affect the nervous system. Despite the relative frequency of neurologic manifestations, there has not been a single report of Wegener granulomatosis manifesting as a cerebral vascular accident. Our patient had limited Wegener granulomatosis with aphasia as the symptom that was observed first. A dramatic recovery occurred after corticosteriod and cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 1247343 TI - Tricuspid regurgitation following inferior myocardial infarction. AB - Tricuspid regurgitation developed in two patients after inferior wall myocardial infarction. Neither patient had preexisting valvular heart disease or evidence of endocarditis, and neither had suffered chest trauma. Because abnormalities in right ventricular function may occur after inferior infarction, and because other known causes of tricuspid incompetence were not present, we postulate that these patients developed valvular regurgitation from dysfunction of the papillary muscle complex controlling tricuspid valve function, a mechanism similar to that proposed to explain mitral regurgitation seen with inferior wall ischemia. PMID- 1247342 TI - IgA deficiency and autoimmune hemolytic disease. AB - A case of familial selective IgA deficiency associated with autoimmune hemolytic disease is reported that illustrates the therapeutic implications when these two entities coexist. Immunoglobulin screening is recommended for patients with AHD who require blood transfusions, in order to identify IgA-deficient patients who may have anti-IgA anaphylactic reactions. PMID- 1247344 TI - Malignant myelosclerosis. AB - Malignant myelosclerosis, as described by Lewis and Szur, is characterized by an acute, rapidly fatal illness, with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, myeloblasts in the blood, and a "dry tap" on bone marrow aspiration. This entity has been only rarely reported in the American literature. We report three additional cases of myelosclerosis. The patients were 70, 37, and 46 years old with a survival of eight weeks, six weeks, and 11 months, respectively. Bone marrow biopsy specimen showed fibrosis in tow with increased reticulum fibers and blast cells in all. At autopsy, the spleen and liver wereinfiltrated with leukemic cells. In two cases, the lymph nodes were involved. Extramedullary erythropoiesis was also seen. We believe that malignant myelosclerosis is best interpreted as an acute myeloproliferative disorder sharing features with acute leukemia and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. PMID- 1247345 TI - Platelet function and coagulation in patients with Wilson disease. AB - Sixteen patients with Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) were studied from the hemostatic point of view, particularly with regard to platelet function. Five of the patients had a mild bleeding tendency that was characterized by easy bruising. Moderate thrombocytopenia was observed in three of the five bleeders and in two of the others. One bleeder was thrombocytotic and hyperfibrinogenemic. Bleeding times, platelet retention and prothrombin consumption were abnormal rarely. However, 15 of the 16 patients had some abnormality of platelet aggregation: one when adenosine diphosphate was added to platelet rich plasma, three when epinephrine was added, and the remainder when collagen was added. The collagen abnormalities were delayed or absent aggregation (five patients, four of whom were bleeders) and absence of a change of shape (12 of the 16 patients). Platelet aggregation was completely normal in only one patient. PMID- 1247346 TI - Heinz body hemolytic animea. "Bite cells" -a clue to diagnosis. AB - Morphologically abnormal red blood cells were noted on routine Wright-stained peripheral blood smears of two patients with Heinz body hemolytic anemia. The abnormal cells had the appearance of having had a piece bitten and are, therefore, termed "bite cells". In the two cases presented, these bite cells led to the suspicion of oxidative hemolysis, which was demonstrated in each case. Both patients were being treated with phenazopyridine hydrochloride when anemia developed. In each case, withdrawal of this drug led to correction of the anemia and the disappearance of bite cells from the blood. PMID- 1247347 TI - Characteristics of pleural effusions associated with pulmonary embolism. AB - Pleural fluid characteristics were analyzed in 26 patients with pulmonary embolism. All determinations were highly variable. A bloody effusion occurred in 65%, while clear fluid was found in 35%. White blood cell counts had a wide distribution of values; polymorphonuclear leukocytes predominated in 61% and lymphocytes in 39%. Less than two thirds of tested specimens were exudates by standard criteria. Only 27% of effusions had the "typical" pattern of bloody appearance, polymorphonuclear predominance, and characteristics of an exudate. Roentgenographically evident infiltrates occurred in 62% and were correlated with bloody pleural fluid (P less than .01), which suggests that infarction is not necessary for effusion to occur, but may account for a bloody appearance. The variability of these results indicates that there are no typical or diagnostic pleural fluid findings in pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1247348 TI - Diagnostic problems in suppurative lung disease. AB - Eleven of 48 (23%) patients diagnosed as having lung abscess or empyema presented diagnostic problems in the localization of infected material. All 11 patients were found eventually to have empyemas, all but one of which was complicated by bronchopleural fistulas. Difficulty in distinguishing abscess from empyema on a chest roentgenogram delayed diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis from 1 to 12 days. Pleural effusions were noted in all but one of the patients who did not initially have a bronchopleural fistula. In addition, once the bronchopleural fistula became established, the extension of the air-fluid level to the chest wall, the tapered borders of the air-fluid pocket, and the extension of the lesion across fissure lines were noted, in retrospect, to be suggestive of pleural localization. Delay in the evacuation of empyema fluid can lead to chronic complications and increased morbidity. Early identification and treatment of pleural effusions may avoid these diagnostic and therapeutic problems. PMID- 1247349 TI - Nephrosclerosis postpartum and in women taking oral contraceptives. AB - The condition of a patient with postpartum nephrosclerosis improved during heparin therapy. Review of the literature disclosed 29 other patients with the same histopathologic characteristics, eight of whom also recovered substantial renal function after anticoagulation therapy. Also reported is a patient in whom renal failure occurred while she was taking oral anovulatory agents. Renal biopsy specimen showed the same histopathologic features, which raises the question of similar factors mediating the expression of this disease. We suggest a uniform terminology for this syndrome, either postpartum nephrosclerosis or nephrosclerosis in women taking oral contraceptives. PMID- 1247350 TI - Costosternal syndrome: its frequency and importance in differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease. AB - In a series of 320 consecutive patients referred because of precordial pain, the costosternal syndrome was found to be the underlying cause in 21, while in nine others, this syndrome was found to be coexisting with coronary heart disease. In our opinion, because of the current readiness to diagnose coronary artery disease, local causes for chest pain often are overlooked. The frequency of this syndrome is relatively high, both as a sole cause of chest pain and combined with coronary artery disease. Local injection of steroids was followed by improvement in the majority of our patients. PMID- 1247351 TI - The various faces of diabetes in the young: changing concepts. AB - Diabetes included several disorders associated with hyperglycemia. A difference in inheritance between the families of juvenile-onset- and maturity-onset-type diabetics, provides evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Heterogeneity of insulin responses to glucose was foung among nonobese patients with maturity-onset-type diabetes. Prospective studies in young patients have shown that glucose intolerance may not progress for as long as 22 years and that subnormal insulin responses to glucose have not decreased further, up to 12 years. However, patients who progressed to diabetes requiring insulin had insulin responses that were subnormal or below the control mean. None whose insulin responses exceeded this mean have decompensated. Thus, insulin response to glucose has prognostic implications. A tentative classification of diabetes in the young is proposed. There was a significant correlation between muscle capillary basement membrane width and known duration of carbohydrate intolerance. PMID- 1247352 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias in acute central nervous system disease. Successful management with stellate ganglion block. AB - Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ECG wave-form abnormalities have been described with CNS disease or injury in experimental animals and in man. Unilateral sympathetic stimulation has been shown to produce similar changes in ventricular repolarization and reduce the fibrillation threshold. A patient with a ruptured congenital aneurysm of the basilar artery developed an accelerating ventricular tachycardia associated with an episode of active intracranial bleeding. The rhythm disturbance proved refractory to all modalities of chemotherapy, including lidocaine, phenytoin, atropine, procainamide, digoxin, and propranolol. The ECG showed a repolarization abnormality similar to that described with left stellate ganglion stimulation. Left stellate ganglion block was carried out with 15 ml of 1% lidocaine. An effect on the tachyarrhythmia was noted in five minutes. By 15 minutes, the rhythm disturbance was abolished. The repolarization abnormalities improved over a period of hours. Successful management with left stellate ganglion block suggests that this form of therapy may have clinical application in arrhythmias associated with CNS disease. PMID- 1247353 TI - Multifocal fibrosis involving the thyroid, face, and orbits. AB - Our patient had fibrous thyroiditis with unusual facial and retroorbital fibrosis. Systemic fibrosis, which is more typical of the multifocal fibrosclerosing syndromes, was not evident. Treatment with steroid alone, surgery, and radiotherapy failed to maintain a remission. The combination of steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy appears to have been successful. PMID- 1247354 TI - Sudden death caused by benign tumor of the atrioventricular node. AB - Histologic study of the conduction system of the heart of a 16-year-old girl who died suddenly demonstrated a benign mesothelioma of the AV node, with almost complete replacement of the structure by the tumor. Teh past history was unremarkable, except for few syncopal episodes at 9 and 11 years of age and during pregnancy. Immediately postpartum, she developed a 2:1 AV block and intermittent complete AV block. Six weeks later, during diagnostic work-up in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, she died suddenly. Electrophysiological studies during this work-up disclosed complete AV dissociation, with normal QRS complexes. The block was proximal to the His-bundle recording site, with a normal H-V interval. Occasional syncopal attacks in young adults should alert the physician to the possibility of this diagnosis and lead to pacemaker insertion. PMID- 1247355 TI - Late Flavobacterium species meningitis after craniofacial exenteration. PMID- 1247356 TI - Evaluation of sclerosing cholangitis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography contributed considerably to diagnosis or subsequent management of two cases of sclerosing cholangitis, In the first patient, sequential studies helped to determine the timing and nature of the surgical intervention that was used. In the second patient, the diagnosis was suggested by ERCP, which led to surgical exploration and biopsy of the common bile duct to confirm the diagnosis. The quality of the films obtained in both patients was excellent. We suggest that ERCP is a relatively noninvasive and accurate means of follow-up in cases of sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 1247357 TI - Sarcoid granulomatous nephritis occurring as isolated renal failure. AB - A woman had clinically isolated renal failure caused by granulomatous sarcoid nephritis. At the onset of her illness, there were no historical, physical, or clinical features to suggest a definite causative diagnosis. After a renal biopsy specimen disclosed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas, a course of steroid therapy resulted in prompt disappearance of uremic symptoms and amelioration of her renal failure. Although leukopenia, delayed cellular immunity, and the response to steroids increased the suspicion that the patient had sarcoidosis, it was not until identical granulomas were obtained via mediastinal node biopsy that the diagnosis was confirmed. Sarcoidosis may occur as isolated renal failure. Renal biopsy is indicated to ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment of this steroid-responsive lesions. PMID- 1247358 TI - Eye-tracking performance and engagement of attention. AB - Eye-tracking dysfunction has previously been demonstrated in psychotic patients. To investigate possible influences on this finding of factors related to attention, subjects were required to read numbers while tracking an oscillating pendulum or a pendulum-like target displayed on an oscilloscope tube. Subjects for the pendulum task were 16 nonpatients and 21 patients; 10 nonpatients and 14 patients performed the other task. Introduction of the number-reading maneuver greatly improved tracking performance in both tasks in patients and nonpatients. The results indicate that poor eye-tracking can be improved by facilitating attentional effort; it is suggested that the number-reading maneuver improved tracking by providing extra feedback cues. The poorer the base line performance, the greater the improvement. However, differences between patients and nonpatients were not abolished with number reading. PMID- 1247359 TI - Homospatial thinking in creativity. AB - "Homospatial thinking" consists of actively conceiving two or more discrete entities occupying the same space, a conception leading to the articulation of new identities. Homospatial thinking has a salient role in the creative process in the following wide variety of fields: literature, the visual arts, music, science, and mathematics. This cognitive factor, along with "Janusian thinking," clarifies the nature of creative thinking as a highly adaptive and primarily nonregressive form of functioning. PMID- 1247360 TI - The content and structure of adolescent self-images. Longitudinal studies. AB - Using a specially designed Q-sort technique, multiple self-images held by 60 normal and psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents were studied initially and then every six months for 12 to 18 months. Each subject's self-images were analyzed for their overall coherence (integration) and for the evaluation of specific self-descriptive statements. The results showed that, as predicted clinically, the patients and normal subjects differed significantly on both integration and content evaluation dimensions. The patients had consistently lower integration scores on each trial, in contrast to the normal subjects' steadily increasing values. The patients evaluated their self-descriptive statements as steadily diminishing in importance while the normal subjects' evaluations remained at the same level over the trials. The patients' dual trends are discussed in terms of their reflecting the pattern of edentity diffusion described clinically by Erikson. PMID- 1247361 TI - Empathy. We know what we mean, but what do we measure? AB - In recent years, quantitative researches on the empathic process in psychotherapy have resulted in definite recommendations for the technique of psychotherapy and the training of psychotherapists. What is not always observed, however, is that the methods employed for studying empathy have been based on brief segments of patient-therapist interaction in which judgments of empathy do not depend on hearing the patient's communications, and are in several ways discordant with what is meant by empathy according to clinical theory. Evidence suggests that it is the rater's impression of the "goodness of psychotherapy" rather than empathy that is being captured by these methods. PMID- 1247362 TI - The wish to be held. A transcultural study. AB - In a previous study, it was noted that "a strong desire to be held or cuddled correlated with a general leaning toward openness in emotional expression." As is well known, some cultures foster openness, while others do not. This project was designed to assess the influence of cultural attitudes on the wish to be held. To do so, questionnaires were given to five groups of Asian women living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The most striking differences found were between two groups of Chinese women, one Chinese-educated, and the other, English-educated. The Chinese educated group inhibited the expression of sensual needs. An English education overturned the traditional mode of response; women in this group scored highest in their wish to be held and lowest in their inclination to keep their body contact desires secret. This study demonstrates that cultural as well as psychological forces exert a profound influence on the wish to be held. PMID- 1247363 TI - Wish to be held and wish to hold in men and women. AB - The present study focuses on the wish to be held and the wish to hold in men and women and is based on data collected from both a questionnaire and interviews. It was assumed that cultural sex-role stereotypes would influence the results. More specifically, it was postulated that men would find it easier to acknowledge and discuss their wish to hold rather than their wish to be held, but our data did not support this postulation. The chief differences between men and women were the trend for women to favor being held over holding and the much more sizeable group of women than men who were extremely high scorers on the body contact scale. Men, at least those who are psychiatric patients, can acknowledge their longings to be held, but the intensity of this feeling either does not reach the height attained by some women or, if it does, it is not reported. PMID- 1247366 TI - Sex-role related countertransference in psychotherapy. AB - Data from one psychological and one psychiatric agency were collected to determine if psychotherapists' treatment decisions about opposite-sex persons might be influenced by sex-role prescriptions for dealing with sexual impulses. Accordingly, male therapists were hypothesized to prolong and female therapists to avoid treatment situations likely to arouse their sexual curiosities. The results at both facilities provide some support for these notions and, if generalizable, establish sex-role primed countertransference as a factor in patient selection and termination. PMID- 1247364 TI - The spouse's role in home hemodialysis. AB - The role of the spouse as a factor in the success or failure of home dialysis becomes increasingly important as expectations rise that hemodialysis patients be home-trained. Home hemodialysis offers advantages to the patient but may add stress to the spouse. We present cases illustrating the types of responses spouses have to home hemodialysis. Present conditions are such that the spouse's ability to participate in home hemodialysis may be less affected by aspects of the patient-partner's chronic renal disease than the potential change in the marital relationship that can derive from home hemodialysis. Success in home dialysis is at risk when the spouse is naturally dependent on the patient partner. These spouses will often require special supportive measures. PMID- 1247365 TI - Some dynamics of male chauvinism. AB - Male chauvinism was studied in the psychoanalytic therapy of 11 men. It refers to the maintenance of fixed beliefs and attitudes of male superiority, associated with overt or covert depreciation of women. Challenging chauvinist attitudes often results in anxiety or other symptoms. It is frequently not investigated in psychotherapy because it is ego-syntonic, parallels cultural attitudes, and because therapists often share similar bias or neurotic conflict. Chauvinism was found to represent an attempt to ward off anxiety and shame arising from one or more of four prime sources: unresolved infantile strivings and regressive wishes, hostile envy of women, oedipal anxiety, and power and dependency conflicts related to masculine self-esteem. Mothers were more important than fathers in the development of chauvinism, and resolution was sometimes associated with decompensation in wives. PMID- 1247367 TI - Length of hospitalization on a short-term therapeutic community. A multivariate study by sex across time. AB - Patient length of hospitalization was examined in a private short-term therapeutic community unit using a longitudinal, multimethod, -ultivariate approach, with data analyzed separately by patient sex. Patient data were entered into stepwise linear regression analyses for weeks 1, 2, and 4 of an average seven-week hospitalization for male and female patients separately. Results for men were not specifically replicated among the women. Longer-staying men were diagnosed more frequently as "personality disorders," tended to be somewhat aloof, perceived the ward as encouraging denial, facade, order, and organization. Among women, verbal behavior, interpersonal relations, discontentedness with family, and other variables were related to length of hospitalization. Shorter staying male and female patients tended to exhibit characteristics at the "feminine" end of a hypothetical masculinity-femininity continuum. Conforming, accepting behavior seemed reinforced for all patients. PMID- 1247368 TI - The psychiatric examination in the walk-in clinic. Hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing. AB - Rapid assessment for decision making is a major goal of the initial psychiatric interview in walk-in clinics, emergency psychiatric services, and the ambulatory services of community mental health centers. To accomplish this task, the clinician must learn to elicit specific data to confirm or refute clinical hypotheses rather than gather a complete history. This report, in formulating a hypothesis generating and testing approach for the initial psychiatric examination, proposes 16 hypotheses that organize the clinical data necessary for most decisions. This approach is intended to help the clinician make efficient use of limited time, guard him from coming to premature closure in the collection of data, and provide a stimulus for the exploration of relevant but neglected clinical questions. PMID- 1247369 TI - Nerve conduction velocity determinations in juvenile diabetes: continuing study of 190 patients. AB - Few prospective studies on the concomitant finding of neuropathy in juvenile diabetics exist. An ongoing study of motor and sensory nerve conduction determinations in 190 diabetic children, with sequential studies in 108 of them over an eight-year period, is the subject of this report. The incidence of neuropathy in our sample population under five years of age is neglible. In the children over five years of age, 8% had abnormal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the peroneal nerve, 4.5% had abnormal median motor and sensory NCV on initial study. In the sequential studies of the children over five years of age, the percentage of abnormal NCV rose from 14% to 48% as the duration of diabetes increased from one year to more than five years. It is the older juvenile diabetics with the longest duration of diabetes who would appear to have the highest incidence of neuropathy. PMID- 1247371 TI - Motor sensory dysfunction of upper limb due to conversion syndrome. AB - Seven patients had functional paralysis that occurred in the dominant limb together with joint contracture and sensory disturbances associated with emotional problems. In five of these patients, the syndrome was preceded by trauma to the affected upper limb and in one patient by a myocardial infarction. The treatment consisted of persuasion, suggestion, general rhythmic exercises and emotional support given by the physiatrist (not a psychiatrist). In five of the subjects treated, the symptoms disappeared and the patients soon returned to work. In two patients the treatment did not succeed since no satisfactory rapport could be established between the patient and the physician. PMID- 1247370 TI - Cervical radiculitis: treatment and results in 82 patients. AB - Depending on the severity of the clinical problem, three categories of treatment- home, outpatient and hospital--were utilized in 82 patients whose conditions met the strict criteria for cervical radiculitis. Details of the clinical picture, laboratory findings, electromyographic examinations, category and results of treatment are detailed. The follow-up results in 59 patients contacted one to two years after the initial treatment are also included. Eighty percent of the patients had good to excellent results when treated with conservative therapy during the initial episode whereas 71% continued to have good to excellent results after one to two years. Seventeen percent of those patients who were followed required a laminectomy. PMID- 1247372 TI - Energy expenditure with advanced lower limb orthoses and with conventional braces. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the relative energy expenditure through quantification of oxygen consumed in subjects wearing various advanced designs of lower limb orthoses and conventional braces. The designs developed at the Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine were compared with conventional braces and were found to result in a reduction of oxygen consumed from 9% to 16% depending on the type of orthosis. Portable Douglas bags were employed and the gas analyzed per unit distance-time with relation to volume of oxygen and carbon dioxide under steady state conditions. Savings in consumed oxygen are rather consistent with the advanced orthotic designs, even though the subjects varied with respect to age, weight, sex and disability. No data were taken without a device as the subjects under this circumstance frequently required an auxiliary aid, which would introduce another variable. PMID- 1247373 TI - Errors in EMG reporting. AB - In a review of 112 electromyographic reports from 112 different electromyographers, errors were classified as anatomic, terminologic, technical and interpretative. Ninety-seven of the reports had substantive errors. The EMG report should be complete, precise, accurate and logical and include a summary of the anatomic and neurophysiologic data with a translation into a probable clinical diagnosis. PMID- 1247374 TI - Prognosis in Bell's palsy. AB - This is a concluding report of a study in which only patients with Bell's palsy initially seen within ten days of onset are included. The purposes are to observe the natural course of the disorder and to illustrate electromyographic EMG) criteria by which early forecast of recovery is possible. Appraisals of facila muscle strength, nerve stimulation responses and electromyographic needle electrode examinations correlated with the time required for recovery and the relative degree of recovery of patients with Bell's palsy. Three categories of recovery are evident. Of 90 patients, 79% recovered completely within two months (class I), 7% recovered adequately within two to six months (class II) and 14% required longer than six months (class III). Using clinical and electromyographic methods it should be possible to forecast recovery within three days after onset in order to preselect patients in need of any proposed curative treatment program designed to salvage the facial nerve. For prognosis in patients without clinically detectable facial muscle function, the data suggest that they be evaluated on a daily basis from onset until day 4 (past 72 hours). Finding that residual motor unit potentials are sustained in four to five muscles during that period strongly indicates a favorable outcome. Finding activity in two to three muscles could be less favorable and finding zero to one muscle with activity is clearly unfavorable. During this period of time there is a tendency for progressive loss of EMG activity in the facial muscles, both in patients with favorable and with less favorable outcomes. PMID- 1247375 TI - Mime in language therapy and clinician training. AB - A speech pathologist developed a program with language goals which included spontaneous communication, focus, attention span, auditory memory, receptive and expressive vocabulary, and concepts such as body image, spatial relationships, and same and different polarities. The services of a professional mime were used to translate these goals into mimetic activities and to perform the activities in group sessions with the children. In addition, the mime taught the speech clinicians some simple mimetic activities. The subjects were five children with mental retardation, language delay, lack of spontaneity, short attention span and very poor visual and auditory memory. The results suggested increase in spontaneity and attention span in all the children and a facility to remember the illusions depicted for them by the mime. The experience with the mime training for clinicians was also positive. PMID- 1247376 TI - Wheelchair for transfer into motor vehicles. PMID- 1247377 TI - Connective tissue activation: VIII. The effects of temperature studied in vitro. AB - The effects of increasing environmental temperature were studied in two normal and two rheumatoid human synovial cell cultures. Control cultures showed an increased rate of hyaluronate synthesis and glucolysis as temperature was increased from 30 C to 39 C. Cultures which were activated (stimulated by a connective tissue activating peptide, CTAP) showed an especially striking increase in hyaluronic acid synthesis, glucose uptake and lactate formation at 36 C and 38 C. The data suggest that small changes in joint temperature may be associated with profound alterations in synovial metabolic activity. PMID- 1247379 TI - Cancer of the digestive system among American Indians. PMID- 1247378 TI - Biofeedback treatment of foot drop after stroke compared with standard rehabilitation technique (part 2): effects on nerve conduction velocity and spasticity. AB - Peroneal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was determined in 20 hemiplegic patients with chronic foot drop. At the initial visit, relative slowing of NCV of the affected leg was observed. The patients were randomly separated into two groups, and treated for five weeks by different therapies--group 1 by conventional physical exercise and group 2 by physical exercise plus biofeedback training. Of these patients, six with severe spasticity were selected from each group to investigate the change of spasticity by patellar tendon reflex. Although with biofeedback remarkable improvement of function was observed (and reported in an earlier paper), there was no significant change of NCV and spasticity. PMID- 1247381 TI - Editorial: Preventive medicine: wither goeth thou? PMID- 1247380 TI - Air laryngogram. PMID- 1247382 TI - The office of continuing medical education and outreach. PMID- 1247383 TI - Management of testicular carcinoma. PMID- 1247385 TI - Editorial: Interest. PMID- 1247386 TI - Editorial: More on malpractice. PMID- 1247384 TI - Head and neck irradiation: Its role in the production of thyroid gland abnormalities including cancer. PMID- 1247387 TI - Case number. 6. Fresh water near drowning. PMID- 1247388 TI - Medical ethics: Some uses, abuses and limitations. PMID- 1247390 TI - The Navajo nation health foundation: The sequel to Salsbury. PMID- 1247389 TI - Introducing A.M.S.A. PMID- 1247391 TI - Communicating hydrocephalus. Cisternographic and neuropathologic studies. AB - Chronic communicating hydrocephalus was produced in adult dogs by injection of silastic into the subarachnoid space. Electron microscopy was used to verify the sequence of pathologic changes in the ventricular wall. The pathologic findings were correlated with cisternographic images and measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Early in hydrocephalus, the CSF pressure was increased and cisternograms showed ventricular entry and clearing; the ependyma was stretched and fluid accumulated in subependymal regions. In animals with chronic hydrocephalus, the CSF pressure was normal and cisternograms disclosed radioactivity persisting in the ventricles. At this time the ependyma was severely damaged, the subependymal white matter showed enlargement of the extracellular space, and degenerative changes were present in axons and myelin sheaths. PMID- 1247392 TI - Radionuclide cisternography after head injury. AB - Thirty-seven patients with severe head injury underwent radionuclide cisternography to detect early and late effects of trauma on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Thirty-one patients had subdural hematomas or hygromas and six had cerebral contusions without extracerebral masses. Cisternographic results were abnormal in 23 patients with subdural masses and normal in five who had only cerebral contusions. Of eight patients undergoing serial studies, one had persistent partial obstruction, five had partial resolution of abnormalities, and the two with progressive obstruction had their conditions improved by shunting. Angiography suggested transtentorial herniation in 11 patients with cisternal block, six of whom had clinical signs of herniation on the same side. PMID- 1247393 TI - Immunoglobulin abnormalities and measles antibody response in chronic myelopathy. AB - Patients with chronic myelopathy of unknown origin were separated into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (lgG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thirty-nine of 48 patients (81%) with oligoclonal lgG in CSF had measles virus antibodies in the CSF and 31 (65%) showed reduced serum/CSF measles virus antibody ratios, in comparison with the corresponding ratios of adenovirus, group-specific, penton hemagglutination-enhancement and poliovirus neutralization-enhancement antibodies. Of 25 patients with myelopathy, but without oligoclonal lgG in their CSF, three had detectable titers of measles CSF antibodies and one of these had a greatly reduced serum/CSF ratio. The conditions of patients with chronic myelopathy of unknown origin and oligoclonal lgG in CSF may be diagnosed as probable multiple sclerosis (MS), in contrast to patients with this disease who lack oligoclonal lgG IN CSF. However, the clinical features of the disease in these two groups do not differ substantially. PMID- 1247394 TI - Peripheral nerve morphometry in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Biopsy specimens of muscle and cutaneous branches of the common peroneal nerve from four patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD) were evaluated by morphometric techniques and compared to age-matched control nerves. Myelinated fiber densities were normal in the superficial and deep peroneal nerves of patients with MD. Internode length and frequency of abnormal fibers was not significantly different in MD and control nerves, nor were the number of myelin lamellae, number of neurofilaments per unit area, or number of microtubules per unit area to axis cylinder area. There was no evidence of morphologic abnormality of peripheral nerve in MD. PMID- 1247395 TI - Schwann cell multiplication after crush injury of unmyelinated fibers. AB - The intensity and duration of Schwann cell multiplication in unmyelinated fibers after crush injury of cervical sympathetic trunks (CSTs) in adult mice was studied using radioautography and electron microscopy. At the level of crush, labeling indexes rose to 22.5% on the second day after injury, but distal to this level, labeling reached a peak of only 2.5%. By the ninth day labeling declined to 1% or less at both sites. Electron microscopy confirmed that the increase in nuclei at the crush was mainly an increase in Schwann cells. Thus, the intensity of Schwann cell multiplication differed between crush and distal sites along the same unmyelinated nerve. The Schwann cell proliferation in the distal CSTs was less intense than that reported in previous studies on myelinated nerves. PMID- 1247396 TI - Hypoxic-ischemic leukoencephalopathy in man. AB - Three cases of hypoxic-ischemic leukoencephalopathy were studied. In two patients, the neurologic disorder followed drug overdosage; in the third, the apparent precipitating event was a postoperative myocardial infarction complicated by circulatory insufficiency. All patients were deeply unresponsive, with varying reflex patterns. In all three cases, the brain showed extensive symmetrical necrotic lesions of the central white matter, with minimal damage to gray matter structures. The lesions in case 3 showed, in addition, vascular necrosis and ring hemorrhages. Common to all cases was a prolonged period of hypoxemia, hypotension, and elevated venous pressure. Acidosis occurred in two. These observations and analysis of previous reports of similar cases suggest that leukoencephalopathy tends to occur when the hypoxemia is prolonged and is associated with periods of hypotension and metabolic imbalance. PMID- 1247398 TI - Progressive bulbar paresis in childhood. AB - We present a case of progressive bulbar paresis in a 2-year-old child, with appropriate autopsy findings. A review of previously reported cases and a comparison with more extensive literature in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease suggest that Fazio-Londe disease is not unique, but belongs in the spectrum of progressive lower motor neuron disease. PMID- 1247397 TI - Craniofacial dysostosis with syringomyelia and associated anomalies. AB - A 16-year old boy had craniofacial dysostosis, hydrocephalus, and syringomyelia. Other anomalies included platybasia, a Klippel-Feil anomaly, webbed toes, and a cutaneous hemangioma. Evaluation included cerebral angiography, ventriculography, and myelography. PMID- 1247399 TI - Steroid therapy in acute cerebral infarction. AB - Fifty-three patients with acute cerebral infarction were treated in a double blind study with either dexamethasone or placebo within 24 hours of the onset of stroke. Forty-one of these survived for longer than 28 days, and the patients treated with the steroid fared slightly worse than those treated with placebo at the end of this time. Two of the five patients who died in the placebo group died of cerebral edema, compared with three out of seven patients who died in the steroid group. Infectious complications, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and occasional serious exacerbations of diabetes occurred more commonly in the steroid group. PMID- 1247400 TI - An unusually large human eye with abnormal scleral collagen. AB - Severe progressive ocular enlargement of late onset accompanying chronic uveitis and secondary glaucoma occurred in an 18-year-old man. Electron microscopy of the thin sclera from the unusually large eye (40x40x37 mm) disclosed collagen fibrils with mean widths that exceeded that of controls, but that were within the range of the fibril size typically present in the outer sclera. Thinner fibrils that normally occur particularly within the inner sclera were conspicuously absent. Morphologic observations on corneal and cutaneous collagen from the patient were unremarkable. No abnormality was detected on chemical analysis of cutaneous collagen. The abnormal morphologic pattern of the scleral collagen is interpreted as a probable arrest in scleral collagen synthesis. PMID- 1247401 TI - Subconjunctival dislocation of the lens. AB - A traumatic phacocele in a previously injured eye is reported. Although subconjunctival dislocation of the lens is relatively rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an acquired, large conjunctival mass. PMID- 1247402 TI - Upper eyelid retraction after blowout fractures. AB - Two patients developed upper eyelid retraction secondary to a blowout fracture of the orbital floor. Posttraumatic overaction of Muller muscle is a possible cause of the eyelid retraction. PMID- 1247404 TI - Persistent pupillary membrane and other ocular anomalies. PMID- 1247403 TI - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. AB - A case of presumed cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is described. The association of cataracts with central nervous system signs and tendon xanthoma is noted. Deposition of cholestanol appears to be the primary lesion in this disease. PMID- 1247405 TI - Letter: Complications with the use of Ocusert. PMID- 1247407 TI - Letter: Postcorticosteroid atrophoderma of the eyelids. PMID- 1247406 TI - Letter: Fungal invasion of a soft contact lens. PMID- 1247408 TI - 6-Hydroxydopamine in treatment of open-angle glaucoma. AB - In patients with open-angle glaucoma, subconjunctival injection of 6 hydroxydopamine produced chemical sympathectomy and sensitization to topically applied epinephrine. Prior to entry into this study, all patients had intraocular pressures (IOPs) greater than 30 mm Hg and had not responded to maximal medical therapy. The 6-hydroxydopamine was prepared in an ascorbic acid-buffered solution and was well tolerated by the patients. After subconjunctival administration of 6 hydroxydopamine, the mean decrease in IOPs was 50% in the treated eyes and 5% in the contraleteral eyes. Topical administration of 1% epinephrine to eyes injected with 6-hydroxydopamine resulted in a mean fall of IOP of 40% that persisted for as long as three months. Repeated subconjunctival injections of 6-hydroxydopamine renewed the pressure-lowering effects and sensitization to topically applied epinephrine. PMID- 1247409 TI - Isolated foveal hypoplasia. AB - Although defective development of the fovea has long been known to occur in patients with aniridia and albinism, only rarely has isolated foveal hypoplasia unassociated with these conditions been reported. We have identified such foveal hypoplasia in nine patients with varying degrees of congenital nystagmus and poor visual acuity, but no evidence of albinism or aniridia, isolated foveal hypoplasia may be more common as a cause of congenital sensory nystagmus than has been appreciated in the past. PMID- 1247410 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Tunisia. Report of viral isolations. AB - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), a new disease entity first reported in 1969, has since become pandemic throughout the world. In Tunisia during an epidemic in 1972 to 1973 we studied 25 cases of AHC, which were characterized by explosive onset of lid edema, chemosis, conjunctival hemorrhages, follicular hypertrophy, and epithelial keratitis. Clinical signs peaked in 48 hours and cleared without sequelae in five to seven days. Paired acute- and convalescent phase sera from six of the patients showed a rising titer of neutralizing antibody to the prototype strain of AHC virus (J6 70/71), which was isolated in Japan. Two viral isolates from Tunisian patients were also antigenically related to the Japanese strain, indicating that a single etiologic agent (a new member of the picornavirus group) is probably responsible for the current pandemic of AHC. PMID- 1247411 TI - Expulsive choroidal effusion. A complication of intraocular surgery. AB - Massive serous choroidal effusion may occur as an expulsive complication of intraocular surgery. The pathophysiology of expulsive hemorrhage involves rupture of the short posterior ciliary arteries, while that of effusion involves massive exudation through the walls of the choroidal vessels. Many of the predisposing factors may be shared including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and sudden surgical decompression. The treatment of both entities is the same--swift closure of the wound, drainage of suprachoriodal blood or effusion through a posterior sclerotomy site, and injection of a physiologic solution into the anterior chamber to tamponade the leaking vessels and restore normal intraocular anatomic relationships. The visual prognosis following expulsive choroidal effusion is much more favorable than that of expulsive hemorrhage. PMID- 1247412 TI - Ocular injuries in hockey. AB - Ocular injuries suffered by 38 hockey players during a three-year period were studied. The severity of the injuries required hospitalization for 16 of the patients. Twelve players require follow-up care for possible late complications from the following conditions: angle recession (seven cases), subluxated lens (three cases), traumatic cataract (three cases), detachment of the retina (two cases), and enucleation (one case). The use of a full-face protective mask affixed to an adequate helmet is recommended for all hockey players. PMID- 1247413 TI - Alkali retinopathy. AB - Two patients were seen with intense alkali burns of the eye and prominent chorioretinal damage. The course of one case illustrates the development of such lesions. The second case suggests that retinal damage can be the limiting factor in the visual prognosis following such burns. PMID- 1247414 TI - Dendritic pigmented cells within human laryngeal mucosa. AB - Melanocytes were seen within the basal layer of the laryngeal squamous epithelium in a biopsy specimen of the vocal cord. No dendritic pigmented cells were visualized in several sections of the entire mucosa of 15 autopsy specimens of the larynx, but clear, Langerhans-like cells were seen, suggesting that melanocytes in this location may possibly become effete. This may account for the infrequent occurrence of primary malignant melanotic lesions of the larynx. PMID- 1247415 TI - Rhabdomyoma of the larynx. Report of a case. AB - Review of the English literature shows six reported cases of "rhabdomyoma of the larynx." As far as we have been able to determine, only three cases of these have been undisputed rhabdomyoma. The case reported herein represents the first rhabdomyoma of the larynx that was removed under microsurgical conditions, and adds a fourth case to the literature. PMID- 1247416 TI - Laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Laryngeal rhabdomyosarcomas are very rare, extremely malignant tumors. Approximately half of the reported cases have occurred in children. Diagnosis may be difficult, and adequate biopsy material is crucial in the identification of these lesions. Unil recently, rhabdomyosarcomas carried a dismal prognosis; however, combined treatment with surgery, irradiation, and triple chemotherapy appears to have improved the outlook. This should probably be the treatment for laryngeal rhabdomyosarcomas, and was successfully used in the case reported herein. PMID- 1247417 TI - Inner ear pathologic features following mumps infection. Report of a case in an adult. AB - Temporal bone studies in an adult with a moderately severe, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss revealed bilateral cochlear changes 13 years after mumps infection. The organ of Corti was completely absent in the greater part of the superior horizontal basal limbs, with occasional hair cell loss throughout the rest of the cochlea. The outer sulcus cell area was degenerated. The stria vascularis was normal, as was the tectorial membrane, except for small hyaline droplets. The number of nerve fibers was extremely decreased in the spiral bony lamina of the basal turns. Basophilic material, possibily representing degeneration of otoliths, was present in the saccule and utricle, bilaterally, with small amounts in all of the ampullae. This was considered to be either a possible result of cytotoxic cancerocidal therapy, or an incidental nonspecific change. PMID- 1247418 TI - Bilateral carcinoma of the ears. Report of a case. AB - We report a rare case of bilateral carcinoma of the ears in a 41-year-old man. The second tumor developed from the left mastoidectomized middle ear cavity eight years after the complete healing of the first tumor, which probably originated in the glands of the right external auditory canal. PMID- 1247419 TI - Cricopharyngeal myotomy for dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Report of a case. AB - A case of dysphagia secondary to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is described. On the basis of the patient's clinical condition, radiographic and manometric findings, a cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed, resulting in relief from dysphagia. PMID- 1247420 TI - Apical pneumatocele. AB - Cervical herniation of the lung is a rare condition that results from congenital agenesis of Sibson Fascia. Occasionally, this may result from acquired causes like trauma. We report a rare case of a patient who was recently encountered in our Otorhinolaryngological Clinic and who posed an interesting problem of differential diagnosis. The management of such patients requires frequent checkups to safeguard against spontaneous pneumothorax. An otolaryngologist should not be caught unaware as the rhythmic "ballooning" of the supraclavicular area is quite characteristic with forced expiration. PMID- 1247421 TI - Central vestibular compensation. Effect of the bilateral labyrinthectomy on neural activity in the medial vestibular nucleus. AB - An attempt was made to reconstruct the central events that occurred in the various stages of vestibular compensation after a bilateral labyrinthectomy in the cat. Bilateral labyrinthectomized cats showed no nystagmus, but had unsteady head movements and wide gaits. Neural activity in both sides of the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) was depressed during the critical stage of compensation; however, the neural activity was full and normal during the acute and compensated stage. The experimental results suggest that removing crossed inhibitory influence and reducing the cerebellar inhibitory influence by bilateral labyrinthectomy enhances the process of recovering neural activity in the vestibular nuclei during central compensation, and that the contralateral vestibular end organ is not a source of the driving force responsible for regeneration of electrical activity in the deafferented MVN after a unilateral labyrinthectomy. PMID- 1247423 TI - Persistent sensory disturbances and diplopia following fractures of the zygoma. AB - In a follow-up study of 124 patients with fractures of the zygoma, 100 of whom had undergone surgery, sensory disturbances of the intraorbital nerve, mostly to a very moderate degree, were found in 46% of those operated on. Slight imperfections of the fracture reduction had no influence on the results, and no substantial difference in outcome was found between the different surgical methods employed. The diplopia that persisted in five patients was due to reduced motility of the globe, without any displacement or sign of loss of orbital contents. PMID- 1247422 TI - Laryngeal aortic baroreceptor pathways and cardiac arrhythmia. AB - This study was undertaken to confirm the effect of the ramus communicans baroreceptor pathway on cardiac rate during an upper-respiratory tract disturbance. The effects of destruction of this pathway were tested. It was found that cardiac rate could still be altered by stimulation of the main trunk of the superior laryngeal nerve, although the ramus communicans fibers were absent. Electrical stimulation of only the main trunk of the superior laryngeal nerve, but not any of its branches, is capable of causing cardiac changes. Cardiac changes also occur readily with mechanical stimulation of the area immediately superior to the vocal folds, despite bilateral destruction of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves. These findings question the proposed role of the laryngeal baroreceptor pathway as a major factor in the cause of cardiac changes related to intubation. PMID- 1247424 TI - Nasopharyngeal pushback in treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency. AB - We describe a new technique for extensive retropositioning of the soft palate for the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency. This technique is identified as a nasopharyngeal pushback, and has been used repeatedly in conjunction with both a Cronin nasal flap and a superiorly based pharyngeal flap when maximum retropositioning was needed. This procedure has been used for over ten years, each time obtaining an additional pushback distance equal to or greater than the distance achieved by freeling the soft palate from the posterior border of the hard palate. PMID- 1247425 TI - Actinomycosis of the face and neck. AB - Cervical actinomycosis is a rare condition. During the last six years, five patients were hospitalized in our department, suffering from swelling in the region of the face and neck that was identified bacteriologically as Actinomyces israelii. Soft tumors of the head and neck that do not respond to common antibiotic therapy should arouse the suspicion of actinomycosis. PMID- 1247427 TI - Abnormal microorganisms and cell-mediated immunity in patients with intraoral cancer. AB - A substantial number of patients with intraoral malignant neoplasms have abnormal bacterial flora of skin, nasopharynx, and oropharynx, without a demonstrable relationship between tumor size, location, or degree of ulceration. Seventeen consecutive patients were studied to determine what relationship, if any, exists between the presence of abnormal microorganisms and the patients' immunological competence. Ten of 17 patients grew potentially pathogenic organisms, and all reacted to specific skin tests used to infer immunological competence. Thus, there appeared to be no relationship between cellular immunity and the presence of abnormal bacteria in patients with intraoral malignant neoplasms. PMID- 1247426 TI - Fume-induced fluorescence in diagnosis of nasal neuroblastoma. AB - Nasal neuroblastoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, is frequently difficult to distinguish from the more common poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. We present a simple alternate method to electron microscopy, formaldehyde-fume-induced fluorescence, to demonstrate biogenic amine granules in neoplastic cells. This method is more specific and more sensitive, since it reveals the presence of biogenic amines, not merely membrane-bound granules, and it deals with larger quantities of tissue, thus avoiding some of the sampling errors inherent in electron microscopy. We also describe the histochemical relationship of this tumor to other neural crest neoplasms. PMID- 1247428 TI - Flight-induced changes in human amino acid excretion. AB - A biomedical appraisal of flight stress was made by means of a battery of urinary determinations on crewmen who participated in a 96-h airborne alert. The crewmen were divided into three teams, each consisting of 16 members and each manning an EC-135J aircraft. These teams took turns so as to assure that one team was airborne at all times during the alert; flights lasted either 8.5 or 12 h. Preflight baseline data were collected from only one of the three teams. Based on baseline and flight data obtained for that team, urea excretion correlated well with amino acid output which, in turn, correlated remarkably well with alpha amino nitrogen output. These data collectively revealed the following flight effects: a) marked anticipatory stress immediately before the start of the airborne alert, b) marked flight stress late in each flight flown during the first 48 h, and c) adaptation to flight stress during the final 48 h. PMID- 1247429 TI - Use of 85Sr as an indicator of bone mineral replacement in dogs after disuse demineralization. AB - The left front legs of two beagle dogs were immobilized for 2 months; the right front legs of each were used as weight-bearing controls. Bone mineral replacement after immobilization was studied by giving intravenous injections of 85Sr. (Stroutium-85). After allowing the radioisotope to disappear from the soft tissues, measurements were made on only that remaining in the bone. The 85Sr uptake in the bone of the leg which had been immobilized was up to 400% higher than that in the control leg. This increased 85Sr uptake probably resulted from only a few percent loss in bone mineral during immobilization and suggests that losses of less than 1% can be detected and located. The sensitivity, simplicity and minimal radiation dose associated with this technique indicates potential application for use in human bedrest and space-flight studies. PMID- 1247430 TI - Acclimation processes by daily exercise stints at temperate conditions followed by short heat exposures. AB - In order to improve the conventional procedures for heat acclimation by making the process shorter and more efficient, four daily regimens of 30 min of exercise under temperate ambient conditions (22 degrees C) followed by a 30-min walk (5.6 km/hr under hot dry ambient conditions (50 degrees/25 degrees C, Tdb/Twb) were administered to three groups of subjects. The respective exercise part for each group was as follows: 1) 30 min of descent on a laddermill (negative work); 2) 30 min of ascent on a laddermill (positive work), and 3) 15 min of descent followed by 15 min of ascent on the laddermill. The four daily regimens of exercise and heat exposure were followed by four consecutive daily walks of up to 120 min in dry heat. A fourth control group was not subjected to the special acclimation regimen, but underwent the eight daily conventional acclimation procedures. Acclimation was judged by the increase in tolerance time (T) for the walk in the heat and decrease in heart rate (HR) rectal temperature (Tre) and mean skin temperature (Tsk). Partial acclimation was observed after the 4 d of the regimen for the three experimental groups and the 4 d of the conventional procedure on the fourth control group. The final state of acclimation was apparent on the eighth day for all four groups. When the partial acclimation after the 4-d regimen was compared to the final state of acclimation, the following improvements were observed: 90% increase in T; 72% decrease in HR; 56% decrease in Tre, and 45% fall in Tsk. These improvements were similar to those observed after the 4 d of the conventional treatment on the control group as well as to those reported by others. PMID- 1247431 TI - Effects of hyperbaria upon morphine antidiuresis and analgesia in rats. AB - The effects of helium-oxygen (He-O2) environments were observed upon the pharmacological actions of morphine in male albino rats given 100 mg/kg of body weight. Measurements of 8-h urine volumes revealed that animals maintained in ambient air and He-O2 at 1 ATA exhibited a marked antidiuresis. Animals exposed to He-O2 at 11 ATA showed a normal urine flow when compared with ambient air controls. Uninjected rats maintained in He-O2 at 11 ATA showed a marked diuresis. The study also included experiments to determine whether the excretion of free morphine is altered in He-O2 environments, and whether the analgesic effect of the drug is changed due to He-O2 environments. Exposure to He-O2 at 21 ATA was included in these studies. Significant decreases were noted in the excretion of free morphine during a 24-h period in those animals exposed to 11 and 21 ATA, although no difference was observed in the groups maintained at 1 ATA. Pressure was also shown to decrease the pain threshold in both uninjected and injected animals maintained at 11 and 21 ATA. The results indicate that the metabolism of morphine may be stimulated due to the effects of pressure. PMID- 1247432 TI - Occupational differences between conventional and saturation divers. AB - Diving experiences of 53 Divers First Class attending the U.S. Navy Saturation Diver Training Program were compared to 155 Divers First Class performing routine operational dives. The two groups were matched for years of diving experience, total number of dives, and total number of SCUBA dives. The Diving Experience Questionnaire (DEQ), which consisted of 43 items dealing with specific diving conditions and activites, was used to document the diving backgrounds of the two groups. Five of the 43 items were found to significantly and uniquely differentiate between the two groups. Those attending the Saturation Diving Program a) made more dives between 46-61 m (151-200 ft), b) had more experience with semiclosed-circuit SCUBA, c) attended more deep-diving training courses, d) made fewer dives in water warmer than 70 degrees F, and e) had fewer specialized qualifications outside deep diving. The multiple regression analysis which differentiated between the two groups resulted in an R of 0.48. These five items indicate that volunteering for saturation diving is consistent or congruent with past deep-diving experience, while remaining in conventional diving is congruent with previous shallow-water experience. These results indicate that the DEQ may be a highly useful method of differentiating between experienced divers. PMID- 1247433 TI - Comparison of an impedance device to a displacement plethysmograph for study of finger blood flow. AB - Empirical values of finger blood flow, determined with a commercial electrical impedance device, were compared with blood flow measurements made with a pulsatile air displacement plethysmograph. The measurements were made on the medial phalanges of the first, second, and third fingers of the left and right hands. Blood flow indices were calculated from extrapolated slopes of the recorded impedance and mechanical changes occurring during systole. Two series of observations were made on seven healthy male subjects. The first series consisted of 33 simultaneous measurements with the impedance rheograph and the air displacement plethysmograph on the same finger segment. In the second series of experiments, 16 measurements were made on comparable segments with the rheograph on one side of the body and the air displacement plethysmograph on the other side. The positions of the mechanical and electrical transducers were then exchanged and the procedure repeated. The right and left results were then averaged for each of the two flow measurement systems. Blood flow indices, determined with the impedance rheograph, were consistently 30% lower than those obtained with the air displacement system. The overall mean (+/- S.E.) for the impedance to air displacement blood flow ratio for the first series of measurements was 0.69 +/- 0.03 (range = 0.46 to 1.02). The mean (+/- S.E.) impedance to air displacement ratio for the second series of experiments was 0.68 +/- 0.06 (range = 0.30 to 1.14). PMID- 1247434 TI - Disorienting effects of aircraft catapult launchings. II. Visual and postural contributions. AB - Gx accelerations approximating those encountered in aircraft catapult launchings were generated on the human centrifuge Dynamic Flight Simulator at the Naval Air Development Center. Each of four catapult-experienced Naval aviators continuously oriented himself to the gravitational vertical both before and after exposure to the accelerations under two conditions: a) while he sat in total darkness, and b) while he viewed a small target projected at eye level in his mid-sagittal plane. The accelerations produce changes of pitch orientation that were affected by the presence or absence of the target, and the changes of orientation persisted well after the accelerations were terminated. Visual and postural illusions and their contributions to the disorientation are discussed, and the disorientation is related to certain water-collision accidents that have been reported to occur following aircraft catapult launchings at night. PMID- 1247435 TI - Noise control act. PMID- 1247436 TI - Development of a uniform approach to characterize noise impact on people. PMID- 1247437 TI - Control of noise by operational techniques. PMID- 1247438 TI - Land use planning to reduce noise impact. PMID- 1247439 TI - Impact of noise control techniques on the aviation industry. PMID- 1247440 TI - Aircrew medical standards and their application in the Royal Australian Air Force. AB - Aircrew selection and health maintenance are key factors in the Aviation Medicine Program of the Royal Australian Air Force. The physical standards employed by the RAAF in selecting aircrew are reviewed. The aircrew selection process for the 5 years 1969 to 1973 are presented with emphasis given to medical causes for rejection. A careful analysis of reasons for failure to complete aircrew training was conducted. The results of this analysis are presented with special emphasis being given to medical wastage. The process of medical evaluation of trained aircrew is discussed along with the 1969-1973 experience with aircrew duty restrictions and waivers granted for medical conditions. The RAAF experience with medical wastage of trained aircrew is similar to the experience of other nations, both as to wastage rates and body systems involved. PMID- 1247441 TI - Attitudes and accidents aboard an aircraft carrier. AB - A 22-item questionnaire, developed to measure various behavioral attitudes reportedly associated with accidents, was given to 879 enlisted air wing support personnel and 156 aviators on an aircraft carrier at the start of deployment. A factor analysis of these 22 items indicated six underlying concepts for which scales were created. Personnel injuries for the air wing and aircraft accidents for the aviators were recorded for the duration of the cruise, and correlations of these criteria with the 22 items and six scales were computed. Three items significantly predicted accidents in both populations and all three appeared in the same factor. The Adventurous scale developed from this factor was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) correlated with accidents in both groups. This scale appears to measure attitudes toward risk taking, which was the only concept found useful for the prediction of future accidents in this study. PMID- 1247442 TI - Use of pilot heart rate measurement in flight evaluation. AB - Experimental test pilots involved in the flight evaluation of handling qualities and systems were monitored for heart rate during an investigation to assess the possible use of this measure to augment their subjective opinions. Reference is made to examples from several different flight trials using a variety of aircraft types. It is concluded that pilot heart rate measurement is a worthwhile technique and can play a useful part in flight evaluation provided that certain limitations are recognised. PMID- 1247443 TI - Human response to buffeting in an all-terrain vehicle. AB - Suitably prepared subjects were exposed to the vibration imposed by driving a personal-type all-terrain vehicle over a heavily plowed track. Acceleration was measured in the Z-axis at the seat of the vehicle, and in the X, Y, and Z axes at the hip and head of the subjects. Acceleration peaks, rates of onset, durations, and frequency ranges were determined and a spectral analysis conducted. Results showed that, for this vehicle under the test circumstances, the subjects respond with a low-frequency (less than 4 Hz) oscillation at approximately 0.5 Gz above nominal, on which are imposed numerous peaks of 1 to 5 G, or higher with rates of onset within the range measured, of 20 to 100 G/s. Although the measurement system did not conform to ISO (International Standards Organization) requirements, the results suggest that continued exposure would exceed the ISO 1 min limit for "health and safety." PMID- 1247444 TI - [Artificial induction of ketosis in lactating ewes using phlorizin infusions]. PMID- 1247445 TI - [The cholesterol ester quotient in the serum of dogs with liver disease]. PMID- 1247446 TI - [The artificial rearing of rabbits using medium-chain triglycerides (MCT): first results]. PMID- 1247447 TI - Extraction from free ribosomes of a factor mediating ribosome detachment from rough microsomes. PMID- 1247448 TI - Energy-dependent variation of thiol groups reactivity or accessibility in rat liver mitochondria, revealed by measurements of labelled thiol reagents incorporation. PMID- 1247449 TI - Glucagon regulation of pyruvate kinase in relation to phosphenol pyruvate substrate cycling in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 1247450 TI - Microtubular protein reaction with nucleotides. PMID- 1247451 TI - Activation and inhibition of the action potential Na+ ionophore of cultured rat muscle cells by neurotoxins. PMID- 1247452 TI - Calcium-binding to non-ionic lipids: crystal structure of a calcium chloride complex of geraniol. PMID- 1247453 TI - Polyamines can replace the dialyzable component from crude reticulocyte initiation factors. PMID- 1247454 TI - Demonstration of hydrolase-related glucose transport in brush border membrane vesicles prepared from guinea pig small intestine. PMID- 1247455 TI - Proteins associated with tubulin. PMID- 1247456 TI - Reactivity of tryptophans in rhodopsin. PMID- 1247457 TI - Biosynthesis of O-acyl ethanediol phosphorylcholine in a cell-free system from rat liver. PMID- 1247458 TI - The RNA synthesizing capacity of nuclei isolated from cultured mouse cells. PMID- 1247460 TI - Translation of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA in a reticulocyte cell-free system. PMID- 1247459 TI - Identification and properties of 8alpha-(N(1)-histidyl)-riboflavin: the flavin component of thiamine dehydrogenase and beta-cyclopiazonate oxidocyclase. PMID- 1247461 TI - Substrate control of glycogen levels in isolated hepatocytes from fed rats. PMID- 1247462 TI - Methodology in the radiolysis of biochemical compounds with cyclotron beams at low flux densities. PMID- 1247464 TI - Tel-communicology: health-care delivery system for persons with communicative disorders. PMID- 1247463 TI - A direct relationship between the amount of sterol lost from rat hepatocytes and the increase in activity of HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 1247465 TI - The objectives of the association: a fiftieth-year persepctive. Presidential address--1975 annual meeting. PMID- 1247466 TI - Content and sequence analysis of the supervisory session. PMID- 1247467 TI - [Hematocrit in venous and capillary blood in children in shock]. AB - Hematocrit was measured every 8 hours in the bloods of 20 shocked infants and in 10 healthy cases. Samples of blood were taken at the same time from the external jugular vein and following puncture on the heel. Whereas the difference of both measurements was 5.3% as an average in healthy cases, in patients it was of 25.7%. At the end of eight hours of treatment, there was still a difference of 28.8% in patients who finally died, but it dropped tp 8.8% in those who survived. PMID- 1247468 TI - [Glomerulonephritis following an infected ventriculoatrial shunt. Report of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients with shunt nephritis are reported. One of the patients had a positive blood culture to Staphylococcus albus; the kidney biopsy showed an immune complex disease. In the second patient, Klebsiella sp., was cultured in the blood, and this is the first report with such bacteria as the cause of nephritis. The finding of fibrin in the glomeruli by light, immunofluorescence and electron microsocopy studies, suggests a pathogenesis different from intravascular coagulation. In both patients, nephritis became inactive when the shunt was removed. PMID- 1247470 TI - [Analysis of a somatometric grid based on Wetzel's design]. PMID- 1247469 TI - [Renal response to intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate in newborn infants of different gestational ages]. AB - The study comprised a series of 16 neonates made up of 5 patients of 33 weeks of gestation, 5 infants of 35 weeks and 6 more of 40 weeks of gestation. Blood pH, PaCO2 and HCO3- were measured together with bicarbonate, ammonium, titrable acidity and hydrogen ions in urine before and after intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. Before infusion of bicarbonate, titrable acidity, ammonium and net acidity in urine were higher in accordance with a greater gestational age. As the administration of bicarbonate elapsed, titrable acidity, ammonium and net acidity dropped with increase in concentration of bicarbonate. A hypothesis is set forth that the differences found in the factors evaluated in urine before administration of bicarbonate depend on the physiologic characteristics set in the newborn by gestational age. PMID- 1247471 TI - [Speed of intestinal passage and water content of feces in premature and full term infants following exposure to phototherapy]. AB - Fifty-one newborn infants were divided into five groups and were studied according to gestational age, hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy. In each group, the speed of intestinal passage and content of water in feces was evaluated in terms of the variables mentioned. It was shown that neither hyperbilirubinemia nor phototherapy affect the content of water in feces, nor the speed of intestinal passage in pre-term infants. The same results were true for hyperbilirubinemia in full term infants in whom it was not possible to demonstrate the effect of phototherapy. Full term infants showed a greater content of water in feces and a higher speed of intestinal passage as compared with pre-term infants. This was possibly the result of different body weight due to a different gestational age. PMID- 1247472 TI - [Effect of minimal doses of phenobarbital on bilirubinemia in the newborn infant]. AB - To evaluate the effect of lower than usual doses of phenobarbital on prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in the neonate, a study was carried out in neonates with subnormal weight and of similar characteristics regarding gestational age, intrauterine growth, absence of pathology, type and amount of milk formula ingested and values for indirect serum bilirubin previous to the initiation of the administration of phenobarbital on their second day of life; they were separate at random into three groups according to the dose of phenobarbital given (1 mg, 3 mg and 5 mg per kilo and per day, respectively) and were numerically distributed in similar manner. In all groups, serum indirect bilirubin rate was confirmed to be practically the same; the differences did not show statistical significance from the 2nd to the 6th day of life, when the study was done. As preventive of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the drug is efficient at doses as low as 1 mg/kg/day. It is believed that similar responses with different low doses of phenobarbital is due to the fact that the drug enzymatic induction phenomenon is brought forward, even at minimal doses, such as has been demonstrated through experiences in animals where the effect is produced even with doses of micrograms per kilogram of weight. PMID- 1247473 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis]. AB - Judged by the cases studied at the Hospital de Pediatria, congenital toxoplasmosis may be transmitted to several descendants and the infection capacity of the mother persists for a long time. The possibility of toxoplasma infection should be investigated in cases of hydrocephalus, convulsions, microcephalia, ocular lesions or pictures of neonatal hepatitis. To explain invasion to the central nervous system by Toxoplasma gondii, a pathogenic hypothesis is offered. PMID- 1247474 TI - [Malignant reticuloendoteliosis. Prognostic analysis]. AB - A description is made of the correlation between symptomatology and survivorship in 50 cases of malignant reticuloendotheliosis grouped as follows: 1. Cases with a single bone lesion, with several bony lesions, with lesions in bones and in soft tissues and with lesions only in soft tissues. 2. Each symptom is given the value of 1 and with the resulting addition, a rate is established. In the first part, it was found that survivorship was better in those groups that only showed bony lesion and within them, in those with a single lesion. The worst survivorship was for those cases with lesion only in soft tissues. In the second part, it was shown that survivorship was definitely less for cases with higher rating. Based on the previously described, this classification and rating is proposed to establish an earlier and more exact prognosis than usual. PMID- 1247475 TI - [Retinoblastoma. Relation between choroid infiltration and orbital metastasis]. AB - A late diagnosis of retinoblastoma is an unquestionable fact that allows its growth and leads to a deterioration in the outlook. It also gives way to the invasion of the choroidea by the retinal tumor. This event has been related by some authors to orbital recurrences or distant metastases. The evolution of intraocular retinoblastomas, with and without invasion to choroidea, is compared in this work. No significant differences were found in the thirty-three cases studied. PMID- 1247476 TI - [Psychological aspects of family planning]. AB - In spite of the great impact on the public opinion produced by the diffusion of the threats on humanity derived from the so-called "demographic explosion", many factors prevail upon the acceptance or rejection of family planning. For instance, developed countries and privileged classes have been accused of promoting campaigns tending to limit the development of the destitute sections of the population, fearing to be overwhelmed by their disproportionate growth. At another level, certain male groups consider the advent of modern contraceptive procedures as a menace to the preponderance of man over woman if she is allowed sexual intercourse free from unwanted pregnancies. Still other groups, with or without religious influences, contend against any interference with nature, in spite of the fact that "demographic explosion" is precisely the result of modern medicine which has actually interfered to a great extent on it. The emotional nature of these attitudes, frequently obscures many other psychological factors strange to any demographic consideration, but show a striking influence on family planning, especially on the use of different contraceptive procedures. In the present paper, two main groups are considered: a) psychological factors leading to parents wishing or not to have descendants. b) psychological factors and attitudes associated with contraception. Finally, considerations are made on the rejection of the unwanted child and on abortion. Both of these problems have deep psychosocial implications where family planning may play a preventive role of tremendous transcendency. PMID- 1247477 TI - [Multiple congenital arthrogryposis as a cause of learning and communicating problems]. AB - Since 1963, the authors have studied 83 cases of multiple arthrogryposis. Incidence at Hospital de Pediatria was 0.006%. It was shown that clinicians usually pay attention only to osteoarticular problems and very little attention to neurological problems. A new classification of arthrogryposis is proposed, including learning and communication problems with the aim of providing means for the study of the disease under a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 1247479 TI - [Correlation between osmolarity and specific gravity of urine. Changes caused by the presence of abnormal solutes]. AB - There is a high correlation index (0.97) in the measurement of urine osmolality and specific gravity in healthy children and adults and in children with renal disease without heavy proteinuria or glucosuria. This is a useful tool, because osmometers are not used in many laboratories, but specific gravity is of general use, so that urine concentration in mOsm/kg. can be derived from the specific gravity. The same parameters in urines with heavy proteinuria or glucosuria were also measured and the correlation index and the modifications per gram of abnormal solute that should be applied in order to obtain the correct urine concentration figures, were established. PMID- 1247478 TI - [Intestinal infarction in the newborn]. AB - Intestinal infarction was studied in 20 children with acute gastroenteritis. Eighteen cases (90%) died and 2 (10%) recovered. The disease was most frequently seen in infants under one month of age (85%) and in malnourished cases with subnormal weight at birth. It was suspected only in four patients and in the rest, it was a surgical or post mortem finding. No clinical or radiological findings were detected to orient diagnosis. The following signs are considered jointly to support a diagnostic suspicion; prolonged paralytic ileus, abdominal vascular distress, peritoneal irritation, shock and history of diarrhea. Considerations are made on its pathology, clinical picture and treatment, stressing the fact that an early surgical treatment may increase survival possibilities. PMID- 1247480 TI - [A new therapeutic approach to eczema in pediatrics]. AB - Considering the disease as a psychophysiologic reaction of the skin, a psychologic therapeutic approach was used in 15 children with epidemiologic problems of atopic eczema. PMID- 1247481 TI - [Absence of bacteremia after dental extractions]. AB - A study was made on 100 subjects of both sexes between the ages of 3 and 15 years to detect the presence of bacteria in the circulation after performing dental extractions. Two groups were formed of 42 and 57 subjects respectively. One of these groups was subjected to preoperative antisepsis of the region to be operated on, the rest of the conditions were similar for both groups. All the patients were submitted to a preoperative gingival smear and 5 c.c. of blood taken for cultures. Two postoperative blood cultures, one immediately after the operations and another 24 hrs. later were also done in all patients. All the extracted teeth presented severe infections at the root level and some showed complicated infection such as osteomyelitis. All blood cultures performed 24, 48, 72 hrs. and 21 days after the operation, were negative; therefore, there is no justification based on the study, to assume the existance of focal infection related to the presence of bacteremia. PMID- 1247482 TI - [Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia]. AB - Eighty-four cases of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia in children are reviewed. The most frequent signs were respiratory insufficiency, cyanosis and costal indrawing. The diagnosis was clinically established in over one half of the cases. In most of the patients, the studies showed respiratory acidosis. Also, radiological studies showed, in most of the cases, elevation of the hemidiaphragm with basal opacity of the hemithorax. For surgical treatment, the choice route was the abdominal. Overall mortality reached 37%. PMID- 1247483 TI - [Clinical characteristics of various neuroviroses in relation to their etiology]. AB - No clinical, cytochemical nor electroencephalographic standards of behavior, specific for each etiology were found in a series of 67 cases of viral infection of the nervous system; however, the severeness was greater in cases of infectious mononucleosis with encephalic involvement and in cases caused by Coxsackie B5 possibly because these appeared in younger patients. The group with greater percentage of definitive motor and intellectual sequelae was found in cases with infectious mononucleosis and ECHO. Cases due to herpes simplex were not more severe during the acute stage, but followed a course with an important percentage of definitive sequelae. Meningoencephalitides from parotiditis were milder, and only in one case did they show permanent motor sequelae. PMID- 1247485 TI - [Congenital tuberculosis. Description of a case]. AB - Presentation is made of a case in a premature newborn, the offspring of a mother with bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis, of placental lesions suggestive of tuberculosis and acute miliary congenital tuberculosis with lesions in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and lungs due to a possible blood stream dissemination starting from the placental infection. PMID- 1247484 TI - [Febrile syndrome of unknown etiology]. AB - The results of the analysis of 114 patients with fever over 38 degrees C with minimal duration of one week, are reported. There were no data from the physical examination to produce a nosological diagnosis. The greater number of age groups were for infants (43%) and school children (35%). There was a predominance in males (62.3%). There were histories of potential usefulness for the diagnosis in 39 patients, but only in 7 cases was it possible to establish a relationship with the illness. In 70 patients (61.4%) it was not possible to determine exactly the cause of fever. In the remaining cases, a distribution into three etiological groups was made: infectious or parasitic, collagenous disease and malignant neoplasia. Considerations are made on these groups and on the usefulness, for the diagnosis, of the type of fever graph. The course is analyzed and conclusions are established. PMID- 1247486 TI - [Chylous ascites. Report of a case following the rupture of Pecquet's cistern]. AB - The first case in the national literature of chylous ascites following traumatic rupture of Pequet's cistern, confirmed through lymphography is reported. The technique employed and concomitant bone changes are discussed. PMID- 1247488 TI - Mode of action and use of anabolic steroids. PMID- 1247487 TI - Comparison of PVC and glass containers in the prevention of contamination and thrombophlebitis in intravenous therapy. PMID- 1247489 TI - The interaction of alpha-thalassaemia and haemoglobin G Philadelphia. AB - An American Negro woman was found to have HbH disease in association with HbG Philadelphia (alpha68-asn leads to lys). Starch gel electrophoresis failed to reveal the presence of any HbA or HbA2 and studies of globin chain synthesis indicated absence of alphaA production. The alphaG/beta synthesis ratio was 0.63. The woman's son and her two half-sibs had alpha-thalassaemia trait with no HbH and alpha/beta synthesis ratios of 0.84, 0.84 and 0.76. The data indicate that there is no functioning alphaA gene linked to the alphaG gene. The absence of alphaA synthesis by the propositus also indicates that the alpha-thalssaemia gene trans to the alphaG gene completely suppresses alpha chain production, the first evidence for such a gene in Negroes. PMID- 1247490 TI - Erythropoiesis and carbon monoxide production in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO), red cell survival and iron kinetics were studied in 15 subjects with Hodgkin's disease. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely: eight patients with anaemia (group A, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration less than 11.5 g/dl) and seven patients without anaemia (group B, Hb concentration greater than 11.5 g/dl). Red cell survival was not significantly different in the two groups being 91 +/- 40 days (mean +/- 1 SD) in group A and 111 +/- 54 days in group B. Relative VCO (mumol/mmol total body haem (TBH/d) was, however, significantly higher (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001) in group A (20.7 +/- 4.7) compared to group B (12.0 +/- 3.8). When absolute VCO (mumol/d) was compared to the daily turnover of circulating red cell haemoglobin haem (Vhaem-c), the VCO/Vhaem-c quotient was 2.1 +/- 0.9 in group A and 1.2 +/- 0.3 in group B. Erythron turnover of iron (ET, mumol Fe/mmol TBH/d) was calculated through subtraction of the non-erythron turnover (NET) from the total plasma iron turnover (PIT). ET was significantly higher (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01) in group A (39 +/- 21) than in group B (20 +/- 8). The conclusion drawn from the finding of significant increases in VCO and ET without and concomitant significant decrease in red cell survival in the anaemia group is that ineffective erythropoiesis, i.e. bone marrow haemolysis, seems to play an important role in the anaemia of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1247491 TI - Carbon monoxide production in patients with breast carcinoma. AB - Total haem catabolism has been studied through measurement of endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) in 19 patients treated for breast carcinoma. The subjects were divided into three groups. Group A included six patients with haemoglobin (Hb) concentration greater than 11.5 g/dl and considered free from disease. Group B consisted of seven patients with distant metastases and Hb concentration greater than 11.5 g/dl and group C of six patients with distant metastases and anaemia (Hb concentration less than 11.5 g/dl). VCO in group A was 10.3 +/- 3.7 (mean +/- 1 SD) and in group B 9.0 +/- 2.5 mumol/mmol total body haem (TBH)/d. These values are not different from our normal values of 10.8 +/- 2.8 mumol/mmol TBH/d. In group C VCO was 21.1 +/- 3.1 (an increase of 100%). VCO was compared to daily catabolism of circulating red cell haemoglobin haem (Vhaem c) in the VCO/Vhaem-c quotient. Vhaem-c was calculated from total circulating red cell haemoglobin haem (TBHb-c) and red cell survival. In group A and group B this quotient was 1.3 +/- 0.6 and 1.1 +/- 0.2, respectively, and in group C was 2.5 +/ 0.9. The difference between group A and B on one side and group C on the other side was significant (P less than 0.001). The 'extra' CO produced in patients with anaemia and disseminated disease (group C) was thought to originate from increased turnover of bone marrow haem, reflecting considerable ineffective erythropoiesis with destruction of haemoglobinized immature red cells. The results confirm earlier findings of a high VCO/Vhaem-c quotients in patients with anaemia secondary to Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1247492 TI - Haemolytic effect of two sulphonamides evaluated by a new method. AB - A technique to investigate drugs which could cause haemolysis in subjects deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase; G6PD) has been developed. The method is based on the technique of 14CO2 evolution during the incubation of normal erythrocytes in the presence of [I-14C]glucose and their own serum, the latter containing the active metabolites of the drugs received by normal subjects. By this method agents causing a stimulation of the hexosemonophosphate pathway of normal erythrocytes should be regarded as potentially haemolytic for G6PD-deficient subjects. Two sulphonamides, sulphormethoxine and sulphalene, of which until now no haemolytic effects have been reported, together with chloroquine, have been investigated. While chloroquine does not affect the hexosemonophosphate shunt of normal erythrocytes, the two sulphonamides stimulate this pathway. THE RESULTS ARE CONFIrmed by the reduction of the half-life of 51Cr-labelled G6PD-deficient red cells (Mediterranean variant), after administration of the two sulphonamides. PMID- 1247494 TI - The morphological classification of red cells using an image analysing computer. AB - Image analysis provides a potential method for automation in the examination of blood films. In order to assess the applicability of this technique to red cell morphology, a scheme has been defined for the classification of red cells into six categories, namely, round cells, elongated cells, tear drop poikilocytes, helmet cells, irregular cells and spherocytes. A study was carried out to determine the consistency which observers classified red cells according to this scheme. Measurements of area, perimeter, maximum diameter and integrated optical denisty of fixed, Romanowsky-stained red cells were made using an image analysing computer. A multivariate classifier based on parameters derived from these measurements, namely cell area and the quotients of integrated density over area, area over the square of perimeter and perimeter over maximum diameter was also used to classify red cells into the above categories. It was found that the inherent error of the machine-based classifier was of the same order as the degree of inconsistency encoutered between trained observers. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1247493 TI - Oxidation of human and animal haemoglobins with ascorbate, acetylphenylhydrazine, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. AB - Partially purified haemoglobin solutions of man, horse, car and dog were oxidized with ascorbate, acetylphenylhydrazine, nitrite, and H2O2 at 25 degrees C and with ascorbate and acetylphenylhydrazine at 37 degrees C. Haemoglobins of the carnivores were more easily oxidized with ascorbate, nitrite, and H2O2 than equine and human haemoglobins. Feline haemoglobin, in general, appeared more susceptible to oxidation, particularly oxidative denaturation, than those of the other species. In addition, results of the incubations at 37 degrees C suggest that feline haemoglobin B might be more susceptible to oxidative denaturation than feline haemoglobin A. Equine haemoglobins appeared to be the least susceptible to oxidation with ascorbate and nitrite, but were more easily oxidized with acetylphenylhydrazine than those of the dog or man. It is apparent, therefore, that because a haemoglobin is more susceptible to oxidation with one oxidant does not mean that it will be more susceptible to oxidation with all oxidants. Results from the present study support the concept that an oxidant intermediate(s) is more important than H2O2 in drug-mediated oxidation of haemoglobin. PMID- 1247495 TI - Function and ultrastructure of platelets of neonates: enhanced ristocetin aggregation of neonatal platelets. AB - We have investigated platelet morphology and function in human maternal-newborn pairs. Fibrinogen concentration and factor-VIII activity in plasma were also determined. Our results showed that, compared to maternal platelets, neonatal platelets were poorly responsive to adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline and collagen. Uptake of labelled serotonin by neonatal and maternal platelets was the same, but release of the radioactivity was reduced in the former. Phagocytic activity of neonatal platelets, demonstrated with latex particles, was similar to that of maternal platelets. Although the ultrastructure of neonatal platelets approximated that of maternal platelets, immature appearing platelets were occasionally found in the neonatal samples. An unanticipated finding was that platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin was more vigorous in neonatal than in maternal platelet-rich plasma samples. Furthermore, neonal -lasma, which had lower fibrinogen and factor-VIII content than maternal plasma, facilitated maternal platelet aggregation by ristocetin and showed a greater ability than maternal plasma to promote ristocetin-induced aggregation of platelets of a patient with von Willebrand's disease. These results indicate that the plasma of neonates contains large quantities of the ristocetin-dependent platelet aggregation factor (RAF), probably more than is in maternal plasma, despite the higher levels of factor-VIII procoagulant activity in the latter. Thus, in the newborn, there is a clear dissociation between factor-VIII clotting activity and the RAF activity. PMID- 1247496 TI - Role of vitamin B12 in folate coenzyme synthesis. AB - Normal red cells in man were found to contain predominantly folate pentaglutamates with smaller amounts of tetra- and hexapolyglutamates. There was no change in the type of polyglutamate present in red cells from patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and primary folate deficiency. In contrast to the fall in red cell polyglutamate concentration in vitamin B12 deficiency, there was a marked fall in short-chain folates in early folate deficiency (treated non anaemic epileptics) and a fall in both short chain and long chain polyglutamates in patients with severe folate deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia. These differences in folate distribution within cells exclude a primary failure to transport methylfolate into cells as the lesion in vitamin B12 deficiency. The failure of folate polyglutamate synthesis in ivtamin B12 deficiency arises either from a failure to provide the proper substrate for polyglutamate synthesis or to a direct requirement for vitamin B12 for polyglutamate synthesis. PMID- 1247497 TI - Factor VIII and factor-VIII-related antigen in multiple myelomatosis and related conditions. AB - Factor VIII and factor-VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRA) were estimated in 19 patients with paraproteinaemia. The FVIIIRA levels were above the normal range in 12 cases with II of these showing an abnormal FVIII/FVIIIRA ratio. The patients could be subdivied into three groups according to their FVIIIRA levels: normal levels, levels greater than normal but less than 200%, greater than 200%. This subdivision correlated with the degree of bone involvement as assessed by radiological skeletal survey. PMID- 1247498 TI - Prostaglandin E2 potentiation of platelet aggregation induced by LASS endoperoxide: absent in storage pool disease, normal after aspirin ingestion. AB - Patients with storage pool disease and normal subjects who ingest aspirin show diminished collagen-induced platelet aggregation and an absent second wave of aggregation with ADP or adrenaline. These 'second-phase' aggregation responses are thought to be mediated by cyclic endoperoxide ('labile aggregation stimulating substance', LASS) that is derived from arachidonic acid and is the precursor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2alpha. Furthermore, although PGE2 does not directly aggregate platelets, it markedly potentiates LASS-induced aggregation. The platelets of six patients with storage pool disease were capable of converting arachidonic acid to LASS, but the potentiation of LASS-induced aggregation by PGE2 was markedly diminished. In contrast, PGE2-potentiation of LASS aggregation was not reduced after aspirin ingestion. The effects of aspirin can be attributed entirely to its ability to block the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to LASS and PGE2. These findings explain why a mutual correction of the aggregation defects is often seen when aspirin-treated platelets are mixed with storage pool-deficient platelets. This is because 'aspirin platelets' aggregate to the mixture of LASS and PGE2 produced by the storage pool-deficient platelets, which are themselves unresponsive. The findings in storage pool disease support previous conclusions that prostaglandin sensitization of platelets to the pro-aggregatory effects of LASS is an important factor in irreversible aggregation, and could be clinically important. PMID- 1247499 TI - The effect of trimethoprim on cellular transport of methotrexate and its cytotoxicity to human lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. AB - A study has been made of the effects of the antifolate drug trimethoprim (2,4 diamino-5-(3'4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine) on the cellular transport of natural folates and of methotrexate in a human lymphoblastoid cell line grown in culture. The results indicated that cellular uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, folic acid and methotrexate could be inhibited by trimethoprim; the inhibition, for methotrexate at least, was competitive, but it was in every case rather weak. Calculations showed that under conditions used during therapy with methotrexate, trimethoprim could be employed as an antibacterial agent without the cellular uptake of methotrexate being impaired by more than 1%. The cytotoxic effect of trimethoprim against the cell line used was 2000 times less, on a molar basis, than that of methotrexate. However, the degree of growth inhibition caused by the two agents in combination was greater than the sum of the individual toxicities. Again, this effect was not large at clinically useful concentrations of trimethoprim. PMID- 1247500 TI - Investigation of quercetin binding sites on chloroplast coupling factor 1. AB - The quercetin binding sites on spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) have been investigated using direct and competitive binding, stopped-flow, temperature jump, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. It was found that 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulfonic acid (ANS) competes with quercetin binding at two sites on the solubilized enzyme which are distinct from the two tight nucleotide binding sites and the 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) reactive site. The bimolecular association of quercetin with CF1 is too fast to measure directly and is followed by two slower conformational changes. The distances from the tight nucleotide sites to the quercetin-ANS sites were estimated as 40-48 A by fluorescence resonance energy transfer using 1,N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate and 1,N6-ethenoadenylyl imidodiphosphate as donors and quercetin as the acceptor. The distance from the quercetin-ANS site to the NBD-C1 reactive site was found to be about 30 A using ANS as a donor and NBD-C1 reacted with a tyrosine group on CF1 as the energy acceptor. A model is proposed for the relative location of these sites on CF1. PMID- 1247501 TI - On the free-energy changes in the synthesis and degradation of nucleic acids. AB - Standard free-energy changes for reactions involving single- and double-stranded nucleic acids have been related to that for polynucleotide synthesis from ribonucleoside diphosphates for which deltaG degrees' approximately O. For polynucleotide formation from triphosphates this quantity is about -1 kcal. In the replication reaction the base pairing interactions are quantitatively of comparable importance. Production of a hydrolytic break in a double strand is substantially less favorable than in a single strand. The resealing of breaks utilizing ATP and NAD+ have similar free-energy changes and are entropy driven processes. The highly exergonic hydrolysis of pyrophosphate is maintained to be of significance for both in vivo and in vitro polymerizations. PMID- 1247502 TI - Stereospecific binding of diastereomeric peptides to salmon sperm DNA. AB - Studies of the interaction specificities of L-lysyl-L-phenylalaninamide (1) and the diastereomeric dipeptide amide, L-lysyl-D-phenylalaninamide (2), with salmon sperm DNA reveal distinct differences in the binding site of the aromatic ring of the phenylalanine residue. The results of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), spin-lattice relaxation rates, viscometric, and flow dichroism studies indicate the aromatic ring of 1 is "partially" inserted between base pairs of DNA whereas the aromatic ring of 2 points outward toward the solution. The terminal L-lysyl residue presumably interacts stereospecifically with DNA helix thus dictating the positioning of the aromatic ring of the C-terminal phenylalanine residue. In the accompanying paper (E. J. Gabbay et al. (1976), Biochemistry, following paper in this issue), the interaction of several oligopeptide amides (containing the N terminal L-Lys-L-Phe residue) with DNA is examined. The results are found to be consistent with stereospecific binding of the terminal L-lysyl residue, and in addition, the evidence suggests that oligopeptides may bind to DNA via a modified single-stranded beta-sheet structure which is wrapped around the nucleic acid helix in a manner similar to that described by M. H. F. Wilkins (1956), Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 21, 75). PMID- 1247504 TI - The interaction specificity of peptides with DNA. Evidence for peptide beta-sheet DNA binding. AB - Proton magnetic resonance studies (1H NMR) of the interaction of oligopeptide amides of defined sequence (and containing the amino acid, phenylalanine) with salmon sperm DNA are reported. The extent of upfield chemical shifts, deltasigma, and signal line broadening of the aromatic protons (in the presence of excess DNA) are found to depend on the primary sequence and stereochemistry of alpha carbons of the amino acids in the oligopeptide amides. The results obtained with 21 different di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexapeptide amides are found to be consistent with a model whereby the peptide assumes a slightly modified single stranded beta-sheet structure which is wrapped around the nucleic acid helix in a manner similar to that described by M. H. F. Wilkins (1956), Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 21, 75). PMID- 1247503 TI - Pre-proparathyroid hormone: analysis of radioactive tryptic peptides and amino acid sequence. AB - The amino acid sequence of bovine pre-proparathyroid hormone has been partially determined by analysis of the polypeptide labeled selectively with radioactive amino acids. Analysis of tryptic peptides containing methionine or lysine indicated that parathyroid hormone, proparathyroid hormone, and pre proparathyroid hormone had several common peptides. Two lysine-containing peptides present in proparathyroid hormone but not in parathyroid hormone were also present in pre-proparathyroid hormone. In addition, pre-proparathyroid hormone contained several additional lysine- and methionine-containing peptides not present in parathyroid hormone or proparathyroid hormone. Analysis by repetitive Edman degradation of the polypeptide labeled with lysine, methionine, and other amino acids indicated that pre-proparathyroid hormone contained 25 additional amino acids at the amino terminus of proparathyroid hormone; the identities of 17 of the 25 amino acids have been established. An unusual feature found was the presence of methionyl-methionyl at the amino terminus and the presence of 5 methionines within the first 14 amino acids. PMID- 1247505 TI - Configuration of unsheared nucleohistone. Effects of ionic strength and of histone F1 removal. AB - Nucleohistone solubilized from rabbit thymus nuclei by an endogenous nuclease has in 0.15 M salt an exceptionally low intrinsic viscosity and very high sedimentation velocity. A fully reversible expansion of configuration occurs on lowering ionic strength. When [eta] is plotted against I-1/2 and extrapolated to high I, [eta] = 0 is reached at I = 0.4-1 M and [eta] at I = infinity is negative, contrary to the behavior of DNA and of the great majority of polyelectrolytes, which extrapolate to a positive [eta] at I = infinity. This behavior demands that the configuration of nucleohistone depends not only on electrostatic expansive forces but also on contracting forces which are not electrostatic and do not go to zero in any accessible configuration. Intramolecular hydrophobic bonds might provide such contracting forces. Increasing I above 0.15 M leads to precipitation near 0.3 M and redissolution with dissociation of F1 and expansion in 0.6 M. The expansion is largely but not completely reversed on return to 0.15 M. Much further expansion occurs in I = 1.2 M. Nucleohistone exposed to 1.2 M could not be redissolved in the original medium. Nucleohistone depleted of F1 exhibits a similar expansion as ionic strength is reduced, at higher viscosities throughout. On extrapolation to I = infinity both positive and negative viscosities were observed, on different lots, perhaps reflecting variable extraction of other histones. Circular dichroism spectra are very little affected by ionic strength (0.6 M and lower) or F1 removal, despite tenfold changes in viscosity. PMID- 1247506 TI - Complete retention of phospholipid acyl groups by mammalian cells in culture. AB - Radiolabeled phosphate, acetate, and glycerol are incorporated into strain L fibroblast phospholipids. The acetate and glycerol specifically label the fatty acid and glycerol moieties, respectively, of the phospholipids. To study the metabolic fate of the various moieties of phospholipids, cells incubated with the above radiolabeled compounds were transferred to unlabeled medium, and the rate at which phospholipid radioactivity per 10(6) cells decreased was determined. The rate of decrease expected on the basis of cell division alone was estimated either by monitoring increases in cell number, or by measuring the rate at which radiolabeled DNA per 10(6) cells decreased. Both phospholipid phosphorus and glycerol are lost at a rate greater than can be accounted for by cell division alone. By contrast, nearly all phospholipid acyl chains were retained by the cell to the same extent as radiolabeled DNA. While presence of nonradioactive glycerol in the medium increased the rate at which glycerol was lost from phospholipid, the addition of exogenous fatty acid was without effect on the retention of phospholipid acyl groups. The acyl-glycerol bond of phosphatidylcholine is metabolically more labile than that of phosphatidylethanolamine. Together the data suggest that although L-fibroblast phospholipids undergo deacylation reacylation reactions, the acyl chains do not equilibrate with either extracellular or intracellular pools of unesterified fatty acid. PMID- 1247507 TI - Pre-proparathyroid hormone: fidelity of the translation of parathyroid messenger RNA by extracts of wheat germ. AB - Pre-proparathyroid hormone is the major protein synthesized in wheat-germ extracts in response to addition of an 8-15S fraction of parathyroid RNA. The accuracy of the translation of the mRNA from parathyroid tissue was examined by analysis of the carboxyl-terminal tryptic peptide and the amino-terminal amino acid of the protein, by analysis of the size distribution of the mRNA, and by translation of the mRNA in a second cell-free extract. When 8-15S RNA was fractionated on a sucrose gradient containing formamide, RNA that supported the synthesis of pre-proparathyroid hormone was present in a single symmetrical peak, suggesting that it was homogeneous. Analyses by paper chromatography and electrophoresis of the proline-containing tryptic peptides of pre-proparathyroid hormone indicate that they are identical with the corresponding proline containing peptides of parathyroid hormone. Because the COOH-terminal tryptic peptide of parathyroid hormone contains proline, the data indicate that the COOH termini of pre-proparathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone are identical. Methionine from initiator [35S]Met-tRNAfMet was rapidly incorporated into pre proparathyroid hormone by the wheat-germ extract, and a single-step Edman degradation selectively removed almost all of the initiator [35S]methionine present in pre-proparathyroid hormone. Translation of the 8-15S RNA in a cell free extract from Krebs-II ascites cells resulted in a protein that comigrated with pre-proparathyroid hormone on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data support the conclusion that the wheat-germ system accurately translates the mRNA for parathyroid hormone, and they strengthen the contention that pre-proparathyroid hormone is the initial biosynthetic product. PMID- 1247508 TI - Purification, characterization, and partial amino acid sequence of nerve growth factor from cobra venom. AB - The nerve growth factor (NGF) from Naja naja (cobra) venom has been purified and its structure compared to the NGF from mouse submaxillary gland. A two-step purification procedure has been devised, consisting of a gel filtration step in 1 M acetic acid followed by chromatography of the active pool on carboxymethylcellulose at pH 5. The molecular weight of the native protein was found to be 28000, and this value was reduced by approximately one-half under denaturing conditions. These values are comparable to those obtained for mouse 2.5S or betaNGF. Tryptic peptide maps of S-[14C]carboxymethyl NGF gave the number of labeled peptides expected for a structure composed of two identical or very similar subunits. Thus, the quaternary structures of mouse and cobra NGF are the same. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) treatment of Naja naja NGF produced three fragments, of which two were purified to homogeneity. These fragments and the whole protein were analyzed in the automated protein Sequencer. The amino terminal CNBr fragment of the protein was also subjected to digestion by thermolysin and the resultant peptides were purified and characterized. These data plus those from the characterization of the tryptic peptides provided the basis of the construction of a tentative primary structure of Naja naja NGF which is approximately 60% identical with mouse NGF. PMID- 1247509 TI - Isolation of a 32P-labeled polypeptide of low molecular weight from phosphorylated human erythrocyte membranes. AB - The incorporation of 32P into well washed human erythrocyte membranes was studied in a medium containing [gamma-32P]ATP, Mg2+, and EGTA. Following phosphorylation, the membranes were completely solubilized in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and subjected to gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide. A large incorporation of radioactivity was observed in a band which migrated faster than component 7 (nomenclature of T. L. Steck, (1972), J. Mol. Biol. 66, 295) but slower than the bromophenol blue tracking dye, and did not stain with Coomassie Blue. Isolation of this band by preparative gel electrophoresis revealed that 41% of the radioactivity was associated with a 32P-labeled polypeptide. This polypeptide was further purified by gel chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 in chloroform-methanol-HCl, and Bio-Gel A 1.5m in dodecyl sulfate. Its amino acid composition is characterized by a high content of acidic residues. The calculated minimal molecular weight is 15084. Based upon the recovery of amino acids, the polypeptide fraction comprises at least 1.8% by weight of the total erythrocyte membrane proteins. An apparent molecular weight of 15000 was estimated by gel chromatography in dodecyl sulfate, while a range of 14000-16000 was estimated by electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide. The state of phosphorylation of this peptide may reflect a physiological function in the intact red cell. PMID- 1247510 TI - A method for the separation of hybrids of chromatographically identical oligomeric proteins. Use of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl groups as a reversible "chromatographic handle". AB - Hybridization experiments with variants of an oligomeric protein often provide important information regarding subunit structure, function, and interactions. In some systems, however, the variants are so similar electrophoretically and chromatographically that purification of individual hybrids is not feasible. Therefore a method was developed for preparing hybrids by using 3,4,5,6 tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as a reversible acylating agent for protein amino groups. The technique involved acylating about 30% of the amino groups at pH 8 to give a derivative with a markedly altered net charge, formation of the hybrid set with unmodified and modified species, separation of the individual components by ion-exchange chromatography, and finally removal of the tetrahydrophthaloyl groups from the desired hybrid by incubation for about 1 day at pH 6 and room temperature. Experiments with model compounds and two enzymes showed that the anhydride was sepcific for amino groups. The extent of modification of proteins was measured by the spectral change at 250 nm, the loss of free amino groups, and the change in electrophoretic mobility of the polypeptide chains in polyacrylamide gels containing 8 M urea. Deacylation of modified, inactive aldolase and the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase led to the restoration of the enzyme activity and electrophoretic mobility of the unmodified proteins. Both intra- and inter-subunit hybrids of aspartate transcarbamylase were prepared and isolated by using the tetrahydrophthaloyl groups as a reversible "chromatographic handle". Prior to deacylation the inter-subunit hybrid containing one acylated and one native catalytic subunit (and negative regulatory sub-units) exhibited no homotropic cooperativity and after deacylation the characteristic allosteric properties of the enzyme were regained. Similarly the ligand-promoted conformational changes associated with the allosteric transition were resotred upon deacylation of the intra-subunit hybrid containing one acylated and two native chains in each catalytic subunit. Criteria are described which must be satisfied if a reversible "chromatographic handle" is to be effective in hybridization experiments and it is shown that, despite some heterogeneity in its reaction with protein amino groups, 3,4,5,6 tetrahydrophthalic anhydride shows considerable promise for studies of oligomeric proteins. PMID- 1247511 TI - Vespulakinins: new carbohydrate-containing bradykinin derivatives. AB - Two structurally similar and highly active glycopeptides have been isolated from extracts of yellow jacket venom sacs by ion-exchange and droplet countercurrent chromatography procedures. Vespulakinin 1 (heptadecapeptide) and vespulakinin 2 (pentadecapeptide) are both highly basic and contain the nonapeptide bradykinin at their carboxy termini. Most unique is the presence of carbohydrate. Vespulakinins are the first reported naturally occurring glycopeptide derivatives of bradykinin and the first reported vasoactive glycopeptides. PMID- 1247512 TI - The monomers and oligomers of ferritin and apoferritin: association and dissociation. AB - We have reinvestigated the association and dissociation of ferritin and apoferritin in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2, I = 0.05). When oligomer-enriched solutions of horse spleen ferritin were mixed with more concentrated, but unenriched solutions of horse spleen apoferritin, there was dissociation of the ferritin oligomers, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and from iron/protein ratios. Some evidence was also obtained for association of monomers in the mixture of ferritin and apoferritin after pelleting and redissolution of pellets in minimal volumes of the phosphate buffer. Monomer-enriched, biosynthetically labeled rat liver ferritin was pelleted, redissolved in minimal volumes of phosphate buffer, and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the fractions were isolated and counted. The results revealed that an association of monomers of the rat liver ferritin had taken place which doubled the concentration of dimers. However, our results also indicate that association by concentration was limited to a fraction of monomers. PMID- 1247513 TI - Thermodynamic equilibria of cholesterol-detergent-water. AB - Cholesterol monomer is incorporated into alkyl sulfate micelles with a unitary free energy of -10.3 kcal/mol. This experimental free energy is in good agreement with that predicted by our previous determination of the hydrophobicity of the sterol suggesting that the partitioning is primarily hydrophobic with little or no contribution to the free energy from head group interactions in this system. The intrinsic hydrophobicity of cholesterol is shown to be insufficient for effective partitioning of the sterol between micelles (or bilayers) and its own self-associated form. This finding strongly supports a model of phospholipid cholesterol interaction involving significant free energy contributions from head group effects such as alterations in hydrogen bonds or hydration. Since these head group contributions are not observed in the cholesterol-alkyl sulfate system, one concludes that there is a high degree of specificity of interaction between the sterol OH and polar moieties of other amphiphilic molecules. PMID- 1247514 TI - 1H and 31P Fourier transform magnetic resonance studies of the conformation of enzyme-bound propionyl coenzyme A on the transcarboxylase. AB - The relaxation rates of the carbon-bound protons and of the three assigned phosphorus resonances of propionyl-CoA were measured in solutions of free propionyl-CoA and of the transcarboxylase-propionyl-CoA complex. In free propionyl-CoA, analysis of the 1/T1 values of 15 protons at 100 and 220 MHz and of 1/T1 and 1/T2 of the three phosphorus atoms at 40.5 MHz indicated free rotation of the propionyl region (taur approximately 3 x 10(-11) sec) but hindered motion of the remainder of the molecule with correlation times of 1-3. 5 x 10(-10) sec, approaching the tumbling time of the entire molecule (taur - 6 x 10(-10) sec. The correlation times of the three phosphorus atoms were indistinguishable from those of their nearest neighbor protons. The effects of three homogeneous enzyme preparations with varying contents of Zn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) on 1/T1 of 12 protons and 3 phosphorus atoms of prionyl-CoA were analyzed with the help of simultaneous equations to yield the individual contributions at the three metal sites. Only diamagnetic effects were detected on the relaxation rates of the three phosphorus atoms. From the diamagnetic effects it was calculated that the motions of the prionyl side chain and of the terminal pantetheine methylene protons were hindered on the enzyme by an order of magnitude (taur approximately 6 x 10(-10) sec) and that the phosphorus atoms were hindered by two orders of magnitude (taur approximately 1 x 10(-8) sec) over the taur values found in free propionyl-CoA, but that these taur values remained well below that of the entire protein molecule (taur =6 x 10(-7) sec)... PMID- 1247515 TI - Carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes. The effects of chemical modifications on inhibitory activity. AB - The carboxypeptidase inhibitor from Russet Burbank potatoes was subjected to a variety of chemical modifications and their effects on inhibitory activity toward carboxypeptidases A and B were determined. The importance of the alpha carboxylate of glycine-39 to the enzyme-inhibitor interaction was demonstrated by the observation that a derivative in which all four carboxyls were modified was inactive whereas a derivative in which only the beta carboxylates of aspartic acid residues 5, 16, and 17 were masked retained full inhibitory activity. In addition to these three aspartic acid residues, lysine residues 10 and 13, histidine residues 3 and 15, and arginine-32 were modified and residues 1-5 removed with little effect on inhibitory activity. Tryptophan residues 22 and 28 did not react with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide or o-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride, and thus are presumed to be buried in the interior of the inhibitor molecule. Although tyrosine-37 was acetylated without affecting binding characteristics, both carboxypeptidases A and B protected against deacetylation by hydroxylamine. These studies indicate that the carboxyl terminal region of the inhibitor is in contact with enzyme in the complex. The parallel effects of modifications on inhibitory activity toward carboxypeptidases A and B support previous evidence that both enzymes utilize the same binding site on the inhibitor [C. A. Ryan (1971), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 44, 1265]. PMID- 1247516 TI - Subunit interactions in the methionyl-tRNA synthetase of Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is shown to be a dimer of 2 x 82,000 with identical subunits. It exhibits negative cooperativity in substrate binding and "virtual" halt-of-the-sites reactivity. The enzyme binds only 1 mol of methionine in the absence of other ligands, but several methods show that 2 mol of methionyl adenylate are bound per enzyme dimer. However, one of these adenylates is formed 480 times faster than the other (k1 = 29 sec-1 and k2 = 0.06 sec-1). While the rapid phase of the reaction follows normal saturation kinetics with respect to substrate concentration, the rate of the slow phase is independent of substrate concentrations down to 1 muM. It is suggested that the very slow rate of formation of the second adenylate reflects a rate limiting conformational change which precedes a more rapid chemical step on the second subunit. PMID- 1247517 TI - Interaction of a 5-trans-vinylcarboxylic acid analogue of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with apoaspartate aminotransferase. Covalent labeling of the enzyme. AB - The 5-trans-vinylcarboxylic acid analogue of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate has been prepared. Its pKa values were determined as 3.08, 4.10, and 7.33. The third pKa, that of the pyridinium nitrogen, is considerably lower than that of 8.2 observed for the corresponding saturated compound, 5'-carboxymethyl-5'-deoxypyridoxal. Absorption spectra of individual ionic forms have been resolved into component bands using lognormal distribution curves. The vinylcarboxylic acid analogue inactivates apoaspartate aminotransferase slowly at pH 8.3. An initial product absorbs at 26 kK (385 nm) and is converted slowly to a species with a narrow absorption band at 24.0 kK (417 nm). Meanwhile, the circular dichroism in the same region changes from positive to negative. At pH 5.2 the product abosrbs at 25.2 kK (397 nm). The 24.0-kK (417 nm) form is not reducible with sodium borohydride and the tightly bound chromophore is not released from the protein during denaturation by acid, base, or heat. L-Glutamate and erythro-beta hydroxyaspartate both facilitate the formation of the 24.0-kK form. The reaction of the analogue with apoenzyme in the presence of erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartate is also accompanied by transient peaks, presumably representing quinonoid forms, at 19.0 kK (526 nm) and 20.3 kK (492 nm). The analogue reacts at basic pH with arginine, alpha-amino-gamma-guanidinobutyric acid, ornithine, cysteine, alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid, eh narrow absorption bands centered in the 24.0-24.4 kK (417-410 nm) region and resembling the product formed with the apoenzyme. Nuclear magnetic resonance and absorption spectroscopy indicate that the reaction with alpha- gamma-diaminobutyric acid proceeds via a hexahydropyrimidine derivative to a substituted tetrahydropyrimidine (a cyclic Schiff base) which is the final product. A similar reaction sequence with the apoenzyme is postulated and a structure with an unknown X group from the enzyme replacing the gamma-amino group of alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid is proposed for the 24.0-kK (417 nm) chromophore obtained with the apoenzyme. The proposed reactions are closely related to enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-sulfate (Yang, I. -Y., Khomutov, R. M., and Metzler, D. E. (1974), Biochemistry 13, 3877). PMID- 1247518 TI - Circular dichroism-inhibitor titrations of arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A. AB - Coupling of carboxypeptidase with diazotized arsanilic acid specifically modifies a single tyrosyl residue. Yet, owing to the fact that the resultant azoTyr-248 can form an intramolecular chelate with zinc, two different circular dichroism probes result: azoTyr-248 itself and the azoTyr-248-Zn chelate. Both are environmentally sensitive and, characteristically, each can signal the same or different perturbations, as is apparent from circular dichroic spectra. This dual probe function greatly magnifies the scope of these chromophores in mapping the topography of the active center with respect to sites of interaction of inhibitors (or substrates). Titration of the azoenzyme with a series of synthetic, competitive inhibitors, e.g., L-benzylsuccinate, L-phenyllactate, and L-Phe, and with the pseudosubstrate, Gly-L-Tyr, in turn generates characteristic circular dichroic spectra. Their analysis yields a single binding constant for each of these agents, one molecule of each binding to the active center. Mixed inhibitions, as seen with beta-phenylpropionate and phenylacetate, resolved previously into competitive and noncompetitive components, are characterized by different spectral effects. Two molecules of these agents bind to the enzyme, consistent with both thermodynamic and enzymatic studies. The interactions leading to competitive and noncompetitive inhibition, respectively, can be recognized and assigned, based on the manner in which the extrema at 340 and 420 nm, reflecting azoTyr-248, and the negative 510-nm circular dichroism band, typical of its chelate with zinc, are affected and on the pH dependence of spectral and kinetic data. Certai4 noncompetitive inhibitors and modifiers induce yet other spectral features. Each probe is very sensitive to changes in its particular active center environment, though both can be relatively insensitive to inhibitors interacting at a distance from the active center. PMID- 1247519 TI - Phospholipid exchange between bilayer membrane vesicles. AB - The turbidity of lipid vesicles, freshly prepared by sonicating purified dimyristoyllecithin (DML) in dilute KCl solutions, was measured as a function of time at various temperatures. A sharp maximum in the rate of increase of turbidity is found just above the crystal:liquid-crystal phase transition temperature (Tm). The initial rate of turbidity increase is first order with respect to DML concentration. Electron and light microscopy reveal large vesicles which are not present before incubation or after incubation at temperatures far from the Tm. When temperature, rather than time, is the independent variable, a sharp drop in turbidity is seen at the Tm. The magnitude of this drop and the temperature at which it occurs were used to measure the rate of lipid transfer between vesicles composed of different lipids. A mixture of DML vesicles and dipalmitoyllecithin (DPL) vesicles exhibits sharp drops in turbidity at 24 and 41 degrees, the corresponding Tm's. With time, the magnitude of the transition at 24 degrees decreases while that which was originally at 41 degrees moves to lower temperatures and increases in magnitude. At equilibrium there is a single transition at 32.5 degrees characteristic of vesicles composed of equimolar DPL and DML. The rate at which equilibrium is approached increases at around 24 degrees and again around 41 degrees. These observations indicate that vesicles are in equilibrium with monomolecular lipid, the concentration of the latter being higher the shorter the lipid acyl group or the smaller the vesicle. DML molecules are therefore lost from small vesicles to large vesicles (DML system) or lost from DML vesicles to DML-DPL vesicles (mixed system). When DML vesicles containing a few percent brain gangliosides were studied, different behavior was observed; the initial rate of increase of turbidity becomes second order in lipid concentration, and the rate constant increases with increasing concentrations of KCl. The kinetic order, coupled with the fact that electrolyte reduces intervesicle electrostatic repulsion, argues that in this situation the mechanism of vesicle growth requires vesicle collision. PMID- 1247520 TI - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases of rat liver: differential effects of thyroid hormone. AB - Thyroxine and analogues inhibit rat liver aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity for phenylalanine and tyrosine. A high yield purification of the major cytoplasmic form of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (C1) and its characterization is reported. Polyribosome-bound and other sedimentable forms are found to be indistinguishable from soluble enzyme by immunoprecipitation. Mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (M) and cytoplasmic activity (C2) resistant to anti-C1 antibody have been partially purified and characterized. Tissue levels of the three forms are estimated at 22, 1.8, and 4.1 units/g of liver for C1, C2, and M, respectively [1 unit = 1 nmol of Phe-tRNA/min, 30 degrees C]. Charging capability toward rat liver and yeast tRNA, kinetic parameters, and physical properties are compared. Only enzyme C1 is hormone inhibited [K1 = 4 x 10(-6) M for triiodothyronine]. The data indicata that C2 and M are not structurally related to C1; C2 may represent an independent cytoplasmic pool of M. Implications of C1 inhibition in relation to effects on liver protein synthesis are discussed. PMID- 1247521 TI - The mechanism of quinonediimine acceptor activity in photosynthetic electron transport. AB - The rates of electron flow catalyzed by a variety of unsubstituted and C- or N methylated quinonediimine electron acceptors in a reaction requiring photosystem II in KCN-inhibited chloroplasts vary according to the structure of acceptor used. Quinonediimine, but not quinone, electron acceptor activities are inhibited by a variety of uncouplers. Kinetic analysis of this inhibition shows that it is competitive. Low concentrations of aniline also inhibit the activity of C methylated quinonediimines, but this appears to be due to a chemical reaction between the acceptor and aniline at low pH inside the chloroplast. Light-induced uptake of a quinonediimine, p-phenylenediimine, was shown to occur in a DCMU sensitive reaction. Methylamine uncoupling inhibits this uptake to the same extent as it inhibits electron flow. Experiments with a lipophobic acceptor, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediimine, indicate that it catalyzes electron flow by the same mechanism as other quinonediimines. A model is proposed to account for quinonediimine-catalyzed electron flow. PMID- 1247522 TI - Characterization of human, bovine, and horse antithrombin III. AB - A comparison of the physical-chemical properties of human, bovine, and horse antithrombin III has been made. These three plasma proteins are strong inhibitors of bovine factor Xa and form a 1:1 molar complex with this coagulation enzyme. Human, bovine, and horse antithrombin III are glycoproteins containing hexose, hexosamine, and neuraminic acid. The total carbohydrate was 9, 12, and 16% for human, bovine, and horse antithrombin III, respectively. These proteins have a similar amino acid composition, although some monor variations were noted. Each antithrombin III is composed of a single polypeptide chain with an amino-terminal histidine residue. Of the first 17 amino-terminal residues, only three differences were noted between the three proteins. These occur in position 2 which is occupied by Gly, Arg, and Trp in human, bovine, and horse, respectively; position 6 which has a deletion in human antithrombin III; and position 8 where Ile in human and horse antithrombin III has been replaced by Val in the bovine preparation. The remainder of the first 17 residues is the same in all three proteins. The molecular weights for the bovine and horse preparation were 56 600 and 52 500, respectively, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. Some immunological cross-reactivity was also observed between the three different proteins. PMID- 1247523 TI - Inhibition of bovine factor IXa and factor Xabeta by antithrombin III. AB - Factor IXa and factor Xabeta are serine proteases which participate in the middle phase of blood coagulation. These two enzymes are inhibited by antithrombin III by the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex containing 1 mol of enzyme and 1 mol of antithrombin III. The complex was readily demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and loss of coagulant or esterase activity at increasing concentrations of inhibitor. The inactivation of factor IXa by antithrombin III was relatively slow, but the reaction was greatly accelerated by the addition of heparin. PMID- 1247524 TI - Influence of globin structures on the state of the heme. Ferrous low spin derivatives. AB - Studies of high spin ferrous and ferric derivatives led us to conclude that in the quaternary R structure the state of the hemes is similar to that in the free alpha and beta subunits, but in the T structure a tension acts on the hemes which tries to pull the iron and the proximal histidine further from the plane of the porphyrin. We have now studied the effect of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) on the three low spin ferrous compounds of hemoglobin with O2, CO, and NO. IHP failed to switch the quaternary structure of carbonmonoxy- and oxyhemoglobin A to the T state, but merely caused a transition to an as yet undefined modification of the R structure. IHP is known to cause a switch to the T structure in hemoglobin Kansas. We have found that this switch induces red shifts of the visible alpha and beta absorption bands and the appearance of a shoulder on the red side of the alpha band; these changes are very weak in carbonmonoxy- and slightly stronger in oxyhemoglobin Kansas. As already noted by previous authors, addition of IHP to nitrosylhemoglobin A induces all the changes in uv absorption and CD spectra, sulfhydryl reactivities, and exchangeable proton resonances normally associated with the R leads to T transition, and is accompanied by large changes in the Soret and visible absorption bands. Experiments with nitrosyl hybrids show that these changes in absorption are caused predominantly by the hemes in the alpha subunits. In the accompanying paper Maxwell and Caughey (J. C. Maxwell and W. S. Caughey (1976), Biochemistry, following paper in this issue) report that the NO in nitrosylhemoglobin without IHP gives a single ir stretching frequency characteristic for six-coordinated nitrosyl hemes; addition of IHP causes the appearance of a second ir band, of intensity equal to that of the first, which is characteristic for five-coordinated nitrosyl hemes. Taken together, these results show that the R leads to T transition causes either a rupture or at least a very dramatic stretching of the bond from the iron to the heme-linked histidine, such that an equilibrium is set up between five- and six-coordinated hemes, biased toward five-coordinated hemes in the alpha and six-coordinated ones in the beta subunits. The reason why IHP can switch nitrosyl-, but not carbonmonoxy- or oxyhemoglobin A, from the R to the T structure is to be found in the weakening of the iron-histidine bond by the unpaired NO electron and by the very short Fe-NO bond length. PMID- 1247525 TI - An infrared study of NO bonding to heme B and hemoglobin A. Evidence for inositol hexaphosphate induced cleavage of proximal histidine to iron bonds. AB - Five- and six-coordinate nitrosyl hemes have been prepared and their infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and visible-Soret spectra compared with the corresponding spectra for nitrosyl hemoglobin A (Hba-NO) determined both in the presence and the absence of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP). The five- and six coordinate NO complexes prepared from either dipyridine or pyridine carbonyl protoheme dimethyl ester had N-O stretch bands (nuno) near 1675 and 1625 cm-1, respectively. These frequencies are sensitive to change in solvent (nuno decreased as the dipole moment of the solvent increased) and, with six-coordinate species, to changes in trans ligand. However, these solvent and trans ligand effects were small compared with the difference (ca. 50 cm-11) between five- and six -coordinate species. The nature of the trans ligand affected the relative proportions of the two... PMID- 1247526 TI - Photoreactivation of pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of normal and xeroderma pigmentosum cells. AB - Photoproducts formed in the DNA of human cells irradiated with ultraviolet light (uv) were identified as cyclobuytl pyrimidine dimers by their chromatographic mobility, reversibility to monomers upon short wavelength uv irradiation, and comparison of the kinetics of this monomerization with that of authentic cis-syn thymine-thymine dimers prepared by irradiation of thymine in ice. The level of cellular photoreactivation of these dimers reflects the level of photoreactivating enzyme measured in cell extracts. Action spectra for cellular dimer photoreactivation in the xeroderma pigmentosum line XP12BE agree in range (300 nm to at least 577 nm) and maximum (near 400 nm) with that for photoreactivation by purified human photoreactivating enzyme. Normal human cells can also photoreactivate dimers in their DNA. The action spectrum for the cellular monomerization of dimers is similar to that for photoreactivation by the photoreactivating enzyme in extracts of normal human fibroblasts. PMID- 1247527 TI - Phosphorylation and DNA binding of nuclear rat liver proteins soluble at low ionic strength. AB - Proteins were extracted from isolated rat liver nuclei with 0.15 M NaCl and 0.35 M NaCl at pH 8.0. The number of phosphoproteins in these extracts was determined by labeling with 32P and autoradiography after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two proteins, B22p and B24p, contained small amounts of 32P and sedimented with the 30S nuclear informofer particle. With the exception of two phosphoproteins, CB and CN', all of the phosphoproteins found in the 0.35 M NaCl extract. Approximately 20% of the 0.15 M NaCl soluble proteins bound to rat liver DNA in 0.05 M KCl-0.05 M Tris-HCl (pH 8). Of these proteins, 1-2% bound to DNA in 0.15 M KCl and were eluted with 2 M KCl. This DNA bound fraction which contained both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated proteins was similar in both the 0.15 and 0.35 M NaCl extracts. However, two major proteins (C13 and C14) and three minor proteins (C15, C25, Cg') were present only in the 0.15 M NaCl extract. The results of the present study show that there are marked similarities in the two dimensional gel electrophoretic, phosphorylation, and DNA binding properties of rat liver nuclear proteins soluble in either 0.15 or 0.35 M NaCl. PMID- 1247528 TI - Circular dichroism studies on the alpha-D-galactopyranosyl binding lectin isolated from the seeds of Bandeiraea simplicifolia. AB - The conformation of the alpha-D-galactopyranosyl binding lectin isolated from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds has been investigated over a broad range of pH in the presence of various solvents by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the region 200-300 nm. Analyses of the spectra obtained on the native protein show the lectin to contain a considerable proportion of beta structure (30-40%). The native conformation was found to be largely insensitive to changes in pH, but was influenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate or trifluoroethanol. Alterations in conformation in the presence of these agents were reflected in the CD spectra and show the presence of alpha helix under these conditions. These changes in conformation are accompanied by a loss in polysaccharide-precipitating activity. The protein is irreversibly denatured in 8 M urea. Neither removal of the intrinsic calcium ions from the protein nor addition of methyl alpha-D galactopyranoside induces any appreciable change in the CD spectra of the protein although the former treatment abolishes the polysaccharide-precipitating capacity of the lectin. The conformational data obtained in the present study are compared with data available from conformational studies of other lectins and leads to the hypothesis that most lectins probably contain beta structure as the predominant conformational feature. PMID- 1247529 TI - Separation of chromatin containing bromodeoxyuridine in one or both strands of the DNA. AB - A method has been devised for the separation of chromatin containing 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrUdRib) in one strand (HL) of the DNA from that with BrUdRib in both strands (HH). Ultraviolet light breaks chromatin containing HH DNA into smaller fragments than chromatin containing HL DNA and the two species can be partially resolved on neutral sucrose gradients. Unfiltered ultraviolet light is not suitable since it causes considerable alteration in the electrophoretic pattern of chromatin-associated proteins. Irradiation with 313-nm light causes much less damage to the associated proteins. The ability to separate, isolate, and examine chromatin containing HL and HH DNA makes studies on the distribution of chromatin-associated proteins possible. PMID- 1247530 TI - Introduction of purified hexosaminidase A into Tay-Sachs leukocytes by means of immunoglobulin-coated liposomes. AB - To determine whether ligand-receptor interactions could engender the selective uptake by deficient cells of enzyme-laden liposomes, aggregated human IgG was used to coat liposomes which had previously trapped purified hexosaminidase A (Hex A). By a new, high-yield procedure, Hex A was purified 7000-fold from human placenta: the homogeneous protein had a pI of 5.4, permitting nonelectrostatic trapping in the aqueous interstices of anionic multilamellar liposomes (molar ratios of phosphatidyl-choline-dicetyl phosphate-cholesterol, 7:2:1). Trapped Hex A was separated from free enzyme by means of Sephadex G-200 chromatography: 1.3 +/- 0.3 mUnits of Hex A/mumol of phospholipid became associated with liposomes and trapped glucose, utilized as a marker of the aqueous compartment. Once sequestered, the enzyme remained latent until lamellae were disrupted by Triton X 100. Presence of enzyme in aqueous compartments was proved by the demonstration of increased trapping (0.02-1.33 mUnits/mumol of phospholipid) with increments in like-sign repulsion of the bilayers produced by increasing molar ratios of anionic dicetyl phosphate (5-20%). To provide for ligand-receptor interaction with surface Fc receptors of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's), liposomes were coated by heat-aggregated (62 degrees C, 10 min) human IgG. PMN's from Tay-Sachs patients genetically deficient in Hex A activity readily incorporated exogenous Hex A provided in this fashion. PMN's exposed to enzyme laden liposomes coated with aggregated IgG incorporated significantly more Hex A than when the enzyme was presented in uncoated liposomes or in liposomes coated with native IgG, which engages Fc receptors with less avidity. Free enzyme was not endocytized. Acquisition of specific Hex A isozyme activity by cells (determined by DEAE-cellulose chromatography) was not due to surface adsorption since cytochalasin B, which prevents phagocytosis but not surface adherence; blocked uptake. Incorporation of the isozyme by deficient cells was also demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis, and ultrastructural studies showed that the immunoglobulin-coated, Hex A-containing liposomes were taken up into PMN lysosomes after membrane fusion. The studies indicate that liposomes coated with surface ligands may be used to introduce enzyme or other materials into deficient cells possessing appropriate surface receptors. PMID- 1247531 TI - High resolution thermal denaturation of DNA: thermalites of bacteriophage DNA. AB - High resolution thermal denaturation profiles are presented for the DNAs of bacteriophages lambda and T7. It is concluded that the temperature increment in data gathering and the method of calculating results meet the requirements for quantitative recording of the large amount of information found in the thermal transitions of both DNAs. The high resolution derivative denaturation profiles of these bacteriophage DNAs demonstrate that individual subtransitions (thermalites) of natural DNA are Gaussian in form and have narrow transition widths. Curve resolution performed on these profiles indicates that the mean thermalite width (2 sigma) is 0.33 degrees C and that this breadth is relatively invariant. Transition widths are not influenced by the position of thermalites in the profile or by cation concentration in the range from 5 to 30 mM Na+. However, the relative position of thermalites within a denaturation profile is a function of the solution ionic strength. The distribution of lengths of the DNA sequences which these thermalites represent is broad, with a number average length of 900 base pairs. Although we find an approximate similarity between the number of thermalites in the denaturation profile of T7 DNA and the number of looping regions in the electron microscopic partial denaturation map of Gomez and Lang ((1972), J. Mol. Biol. 70, 239-251) we conclude that free solution thermal denaturation experiments can be compared only superficially to the mapping results. PMID- 1247532 TI - Conformational properties of adenylyl-3' leads to 5'-adenosine in aqueous solution. AB - A detailed 220-MHz NMR study has been made of the conformational properties for the homodinucleotide adenylyl-3' leads to 5'-adenosine, ApA, in D2O. Unambiguous signal assignments of all proton signals were made with the aid of selectively deuterated nucleotidyl units, ApA, ApA, and D-8ApA, and complete, accurate sets of NMR parameters were derived by simulation-iteration methods. Sets of limiting chemical shifts and coupling values were also obtained for ApA and constituent monomers 3'-AMP and 5'-AMP at infinite dilution and at identical ionization states for assessment of dimerization effects. Conformational properties were evaluated quantitatively for most of the conformational bonds of ApA and these are consistent with two compact folded dynamically averaged structures, a base stacked right helical structure, I, characterized as anti, C3'-endo, g-, w,w' (320,330 degrees), g'g', gg, C3'-endo, anti, and a more loosely base-stacked loop structure, II, with anti, C3'-endo, g-, w,w' (80 degrees, 50 degrees), g'g', gg, C3'-endo, anti orientations. Dimerization produces a number of nucleotidyl conformational changes including a shift in ribose equilibrium C2'-endo (S) in equilibrium C3'-endo (N) in favor of C3'-endo in both Ap- and -pA (60:40 vs. 35:65 in monomers), a change in glycosidic torsion angle chiCN toward 0 degrees, and a greater locking-in of rotamers along bonds involved in the phosphodiester backbone. Moreover, there is clear evidence that the transitions from S leads to N forms and chiCN leads to 0 degrees are directly related to base stacking in ApA. Finally, ApA exists in solution as an equilibrium between I, II and an unstacked form(s) with as yet undetermined conformational features. Since C4' C5', C5'-O5', and C3'-O3' bonds possess exceptional conformational stabilities, it is proposed that destacking occurs primarily by rotation about P-O5' and/or O3'-P. Predominant factors influencing the overall ApA conformation are thus base base interaction and flexibility about P-O5' and O3'-P, with change of ribose conformation occurring in consequence of an alteration of chiCN, the latter in turn being governed by the need for maximum eta overlap of stacked adenine rings. PMID- 1247533 TI - Conformational studies of peptide cyclo-(D-Val-L-Pro-L-Val-D-Pro]3, a cation binding analogue of valinomycin. AB - The solution conformation of cyclo-[D-Val-L-Pro-L-Val-D-Pro]3 (PV) and its alkali metal ion complexes was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It is concluded that the cation complexes of PV have S6 symmetry and are essentially isostructural with the K complex of valinomycin. In contrast to valinomycin, the Li- and Na-PV complexes are stable in methanol and have dissociation rate constants that are several orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding valinomycin complexes. Also in contrast to valinomycin, free PV exists in two different conformational states which interconvert at very slow rates (less than 1 s-1). One of these conformers has S6 symmetry and is structurally similar to that of the cation complexes. The other species, which has lower symmetry than S6, is the more stable conformer. Depending upon concentration and solvent polarity, the latter represents between 50 and 75% of the total mixture. It is proposed that PV may have a higher affinity for cations than valinomycin because of its higher potential energy in the uncomplexed state. PMID- 1247535 TI - Analysis of the two steps in polypeptide chain initiation inhibited by pactamycin. AB - Earlier work has shown that the inhibition by pactamycin (PM) of polypeptide chain initiation in reticulocyte extracts is associated with (1) a defect in the joining of the 60S subunit to the smaller initiation complex to form an 80S complex ("joining reaction") (Kappen, L. S., Suzuki, H., and Goldberg, I. H. (1973), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 22) and (2) a block after the synthesis of the initial dipeptide (Kappen, L. S., and Goldberg, I. H. (1973), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 54, 1083). The relative contributions of these two effects to the action of PM and their relationship to one another were evaluated in a system employing sparsomycin that permits both initiation at a certain number of initiation sites and limited oligopeptide formation without termination and release. The degree to which PM blocks the "joining reaction" and leads to the accumulation of 48S initiation complexes that either remain free or are bound to polysomes without the corresponding 60S subunit ("half-mers") was estimated by treatment of polysomes with RNase. Met-tRNAfMet binding factors are required to stabilize the RNase-generated 48S complexes. Under conditions where the initiation factor required for the "joining reaction" functions catalytically, presumably by cycling on and off initiation complexes, PM usually inhibits 80S complex formation 50-70%. Where "joining" is not limiting (presence of at least stoichiometric amounts of joining factor or high Mg2+ concentration) PM leads to the maximal accumulation of the initial dipeptide, Met-Val, in the P-site on the ribosome, indicating a block in a subsequent step in elongation. Binding studies with [3H]PM and the inability of PM to inhibit elongation of preformed Met-Val indicate that PM must interact with the ribosomes at an early stage of initiation. Taken together these data are compatible with the suggestion that PM does not interfere with the ribosomal "joining reaction" per se, but prevents the release and reuse of the joining factor, and in so doing blocks a step in elongation after formation of the initial dipeptide and its translocation to the P-site on the ribosome. PMID- 1247534 TI - Photoreceptor protein from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Molecular weight and retinal binding site. AB - The apparent molecular weight of the purple membrane protein of Halobacterium halobium was found to be 20 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the molecular weight value determined by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine was 28 000. To resolve this discrepancy, methods insensitive to or independent of the conformation of the protein were used to estimate the molecular weight. Analytical ultracentrifugation of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-protein complex, peptide mapping, and amino acid analysis all gave values of 25 000 +/- 1000, a figure in agreement with a recent x-ray study. Borohydride reduction was used to attach the retinal cofactor covalently to a lysine residue. After digestion with thermolysin, peptide maps were prepared of the protein labeled at lysine residues with [14C] succinic anhydride both before and after reduction. Comparison of the maps showed one radioactive peptide with changed mobility. This peptide was isolated and shown to have the sequence Val-Ser-Asp-Pro-Asp-Lys-Lys with only one of the two lysine residues alkylated. Solid-phase sequencing showed the succinyl group to be at position 6 and hence the retinal group to be at position 7. It was possible that a small amount of retinal was also bound to Lys-6. There was no apparent homology with the corresponding peptide of vertebrate rhodopsin. No evidence of chain heterogeneity was found by radiochemical peptide mapping and sequence analysis of peptides containing lysine residues indicating that all protein chains of purple membrane are very similar or identical. PMID- 1247536 TI - RNA synthesis in isolated hen oviduct nuclei. AB - Nuclei have been prepared from the oviduct of the adult laying hen which are capable of synthesizing large amounts of RNA for long periods of time. The time course of RNA synthesis is linear through 3 h of incubation after an initial burst of activity and is inhibited 60-70% by alpha-amanitin. Maximum synthetic activity requires the presence of serum albumin to stabilize the nuclei, high concentrations of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, and an incubation temperature of 25 degrees C for continued linear synthesis beyond 30 min. The RNA synthesized in vitro is predominantly 10-20 S with a small proportion of higher molecular weight product. Much of the 10-20S RNA is probably transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is of a size comparable to ovalbumin mRNA. A fraction of this RNA appears to contain poly(A) sequences suggesting that there is some processing of the newly synthesized RNA. These nuclei may provide a useful system for studying the control of the transcription and maturation of ovalbumin mRNA in vitro. PMID- 1247537 TI - Rat liver cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Steady-state kinetic properties and circular dichroism. AB - Steady-state kinetic studies including initial velocity, NADPH product inhibition, dead-end inhibition, and combined dead-end and product inhibition measurements with purified rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicate a sequential and obligatory addition of substrates in the order of NADP+, glucose-6 P for the catalytic pathway at pH 8.0. Although instability of 6-phosphoglucono delta-lactone precluded product inhibition experiments which might directly exclude an enzyme-6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone complex, the absence of an enzyme-glucose-6-P complex suggests that the enzyme-lactone product is unlikely and the release of products is also ordered, with NADPH released last. Consideration of the kinetic constants (Ka = 2.0 muM, Kiq = 13 muM) and cellular concentration of the substrates and products suggests extensive inhibition of the enzyme in vivo and control by the NADPH/NADP+ ratios. Circular dichroism spectra of the enzyme in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C indicate 51% helix and 33% pleated sheet structures which is considerably different from results (14% helix) with yeast enzymes. PMID- 1247538 TI - Lipoprotein lipase: evidence for high- and low-affinity enzyme sites. AB - The kinetic constants for membrane-supported lipoprotein lipase have been determined for the enzyme active in lipoprotein triglyceride catabolism in perfused heart and adipose tissues, using a nonrecirculating system. Heart endothelial lipoprotein lipase reacted as a single population of high-affinity substrate binding sites (Km' 0.07 mM triglyceride). Km' (apparent Michaelis constant for the supported enzyme species) was independent of flow rate and the enzyme was rapidly released by heparin, suggestive of a superficial membrane binding site. Lipoprotein lipase active in perfused adipose tissue had significantly different kinetic properties, including a low substrate affinity (Km' 0.70 mM triglyceride), diffusion dependence of Km' at low flow rates, and slow release of enzyme by heparin. Adipose tissue may contain a small proportion of high affinity sites. While only a small proportion of total heart tissue lipoprotein lipase was directly active in triglyceride hydrolysis, this study suggests that the major part of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue may be involved in the hydrolysis of circulating lipoprotein triglyceride. PMID- 1247539 TI - Formation of nascent DNA molecules during inhibition of replicon initiation in mammalian cells. AB - X-irradiation of mammalian cells with moderate doses (100-1000 rads) inhibits the initiation of DNA replicons. This inhibition is observed as depressed amounts of radioactivity at low molecular weights when the DNA from the cells is analysed by velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients at 30 min after irradiation. There is no detectable effect on chain elongation and joining of those molecules that do initiate replication; this is indicated by the presence of the same amounts of radioactivity in nascent DNA molecules of high molecular weights from control and irradiated cells. The labeling of DNA molecules that initiated replication before irradiation continues unhindered for more than 60 min after irradiation, which is observed as peaks of radioactivity at high S values in alkaline sucrose gradients from irradiated cells. These data indicate that DNA replication in mammalian cells proceeds by continuous joining of nascent molecules that initiate almost simultaneously at origins at various distances from one another. Some of the interorigin distances are much greater than others, implying that large replicons make up a significant component of mammalian DNA. PMID- 1247540 TI - Rapid, preparative-scale purification of chromatin proteins. AB - Methods are desceibed which permit rapid isolation of chromatographically purified histone and non-histone chromatin proteins under relatively mild chemical conditions. Chromatin is isolated from purified nuclei, dissociated in guanidine - HCl-urea and the nucleic acids removed by ultracentrigugation. This can be accomplished in 10 h by employing maximum-force rotors (500 000 x g). The proteins are then fractionated by a batch ion-exchange method, which leads to a rapid and complete separation of the histones and non-histone components, in apparently undegraded form. With these methods it is possible to obtain mg quantities of chromatographically pure histone and non-histone proteins in less than a single working day. PMID- 1247542 TI - The binding site for coat protein on bacteriophage Qbeta RNA. AB - The site of interaction of phage Qbeta coat protein with Qbeta RNA was determined by ribonuclease T1 degradation of complexes of coat protein and [32P]-RNA obtained by codialysis of the components from urea into buffer solutions. The degraded complexes were recovered by filtration through nitrocellulose filters, and bound [32P]RNA fragments were extracted and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fingerprinting and further sequence analysis established that the three main fragments obtained (chain lengths 88, 71 and 27 nucleotides) all consist of sequences extending from the intercistronic region to the beginning of the replicase cistron. These results suggest that in the replication of Qbeta, as in the case of R17, coat protein acts as a translational repressor by binding to the ribosomal initiation site of the replicase cistron. PMID- 1247541 TI - Purification of sea urchin ribosomal RNA genes with a single-strand specific nuclease. AB - Ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) from Lytechinus variegatus were isolated by selective heat denaturation of main band DNA followed by single-strand specific nuclease (S1) treatment to remove the single-stranded DNA. After S1 nuclease treatment the partially purified fraction contained 10% rDNA, representing a 50-fold purification. Preparative CsCl centrifugation of this fraction resulted in highly purified rDNA with an average molecular weight of 1.9 - 10(7) and no single strand breaks. High molecular weight sea urchin DNA was refractory to selective heat denaturation. DNA with an average molecular weight of greater than or equal to 2.9 - 10(7) was only 60-80% denatured after heating 13 degrees C above the Tm, whereas, DNA with an average molecular weight of less than or equal to 1.9 - 10(7) was 98% denatured. This phenomenon appears not to be due to time, buffer, or pH, but is dependent on size. PMID- 1247543 TI - Regulation of ternary (Met-tRNAf - GTP - eukaryotic initiation factor 2) protein synthesis initiation complex formation by the adenylate energy charge. AB - Formation of the ternary [Met-tRNAf - GTP - eukaryotic initiation factor 2] protein synthesis initiation complex in rabbit reticulocyte ribosomal eluates is dependent on the GTP: GDP ratio and on the adenylate energy charge. The elements controlling ternary initiation complex formation have been studied in a reconstituted system contianing eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and nucleoside diphosphate kinase purified from the ribosomal eluate. The concentration of GTP required for half maximal formation of the ternary initiation complex is 2.5 - 10(6) M; GDP is a potent competitive inhibitor with Ki equals 3.4 - 10(7) M. Sensitive control of ternary initiation complex formation by the adenylate energy charge occurs through nucleoside diphosphate kinase regulation of the GTP : GDP ratio. Over a wide range of GTP : GDP ratios, 50% of maximal ternary initiation complex formation is observed at an adenylate energy charge of 0.85-0.90 resembling that seen in the unfractionated system. Small changes in adenylate energy charge near this value result in significant changes in the extent of ternary initiation complex formation. Since GTP is continually hydrolyzed to GDP during protein synthesis and since GDP is a competitive inhibitor of GTP binding to several of the protein factors necessary for mRNA translation, the synthetic process provides sensitive control by product inhibition. Ribosome-associated nucleoside diphosphate kinase control of GTP regeneration in response to the adenylate energy charge provides one mechanism for linking protein synthesis to the nutrient state and energy charge of the cell. PMID- 1247544 TI - The crystal and molecular structure of an osmium bispyridine adduct of thymine. AB - The bispyridine osmium adduct of thymine has been crystallised and subjected to an X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallises in the triclinic space group P1, with cell dimensions a equals 7.975(3), b equals 10.381(3), c equals 11.036(3) A, alpha equals 82.73(2)degrees, beta equals 77.22(3) degrees, gamma equals 101.75(3), and with two molecules in the unit cell. The analysis has shown that the osmium reagent has added cis across the 5,6 thymine bond. PMID- 1247545 TI - Diacridines: bifunctional intercalators. I. Chemistry, physical chemistry and growth inhibitory properties. AB - The synthesis, as well as the rationale for synthesis of diacridines, double intercalators, as potential inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis is presented. The syntheses of (9-acridyl)-putrescine and -spermine, and bis(-9-acridyl) putrescine, -spermidine, -spermine diamines and of bis(6-chloro-2-methoxy-9 acridyl)-putrescine and -spermine diamines, all substituted on the terminal NH2 groups are described. In addition, the homologous series of diacridines connected by the amino groups of the diamines NH2(CH2)nNH2 (where n = 2,3,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18) to the C-9 of the diacridines has been synthesized. The chemical properties of these compounds as well as their molecular relationship to DNA are presented. The effect of the double intercalators on the Tm of DNA and of (A)n - (U)n, (dA)n - (dT)n, (G)n - (C)n and on (dG)n - (dC)n have been determined. The double acridine intercalators produce a much greater increase of the Tm of these nucleic acids than do the single acridine intercalators. They also profoundly affect the Tm of DNA in physiological salt concentrations; under these latter conditions the single intercalators have no effect. The relationship between the length of the chain connecting the two acridine rings and the inhibition of the growth of P-388 cells in vitro and vivo is presented. Their growth inhibitory properties appear, in general, to parallel their intercalative abilities. PMID- 1247547 TI - Diacridines: bifunctional intercalators. III. Definition of the general site of action. AB - Electron microscopy of HeLa cells exposed to spermine diacridine shows nucleolar distortions which disappear after several days despite the persistence of the metabolic changes promoted by spermine diacridine. This compound inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis and appears to act independently of any particular phase of the cell cycle. The DNA content of the HeLa cells remains unchanged and the cell distribution is not significantly disturbed from its normal distribution in the various phases of the cell cycle. Spermine diacridine and other diacridines inhibit primarily chain initiation but also chain elongation by DNA-directed RNA polymerase of Azotobacter vinelandii. PMID- 1247546 TI - Diacridines: bifunctional intercalators. II. The biological effects of putrescine, sperimidine and spermine diacridines on HeLa cells and on the L-1210 and P-388 leukemia cells. AB - The effect of putrescine, spermidine and spermine diacridines on the growth of HeLa cells and of P-388 and L-1210 leukemia cells has been evaluated and compared to that of the parent compound, 9-aminoacridine. The diacridines are more effective growth inhibitors than 9-aminoacridine. The primary site of action appears to be the inhibition of RNA synthesis. PMID- 1247548 TI - DNA synthesis and repair in permeable cells of Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - Cells permeable to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate were prepared from Micrococcus radiodurans, and DNA synthesis and rejoining of strand scissions induced by gamma-rays were investigated. DNA synthesis was stimulated by ATP at an optimal concentration of 1mM. This reaction requires four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and MgCl2. NAD inhibited the reaction, but no rejoining of primer DNA was observed. Even in the presence of NAD, DNA which was synthesized in the unirradiated permeable cells had a peak molecular weight of only 1.3 - 10(6). DNA synthesis was stimulated by irradiation of the permeable cells with gamma-rays, but this stimulatory effect was eliminated by the addition of NAD. Both primer and synthesized DNA in the irradiated permeable cells were rejoined in vitro in the presence of NAD and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, while those in the unirradiated permeable cells were not rejoined. PMID- 1247550 TI - Ribosomal RNA gene dosage as a function of tissue and age for mouse and human. AB - The average number of rRNA genes per haploid genome (rRNA gene dosage) of the cells present in liver and brain was determined throughout the lifespan of the inbred C57BL/6J mouse strain and of human. Ribosomal RNA gene dosage was determined using the RNA-excess DNA - RNA hybridization technique. DNA was extracted and purified using a CsCl/chloroform method with a high percent yield (over 90%) to minimize any possible effects of tissue and age-dependent selective loss or gain of rRNA genes. Radioactive rRNA was from the liver of the youngest age group for either mouse or human in all hybridization experiments, with DNA from the different tissues and age groups being the only variable. In the young mouse (35-49 days), the rRNA gene dosage was 36% higher in brain (114 genes), as compared to liver (84 genes). The rRNA gene dosage remained essentially constant as a function of age for mouse brain; but between the age of about 220 to 440 days, it increased in liver, attaining approximately an equal value to that of brain. No significant difference was found in the rRNA gene dosage of brain or liver between different mice of the same age. In contrast to this result, a significant difference was found between human tissues of similar age. The rRNA gene dosage ranged about 2-fold (148-289) between 2 months to 75 years of age. An age-dependent trend, similar to that for mouse liver, was found when the averages of four different age groups totaling 20 individuals were compared. However, this was not statistically significant. No difference in the rRNA gene dosage as a function of sex or tissue was apparent. Several models are discussed to account for these results. PMID- 1247549 TI - Purification and characterization of RNA polymerase I from a higher plant. AB - RNA polymerase I was purified from chromatin isolated from auxin-treated soybean hypocotyl. Purification was achieved by using Agarose A-1.5m gel filtration, DEAE cellulose, CM-sephadex, and phosphocellulose chromatography, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. With denatured calf thymus DNA as template, the enzyme has a high specific activity (200-300 nmol/mg/30 min at 28 degrees C) which is comparable to other RNA polymerase I enzymes purified from animals and yeast. While the gel profiles indicate that purification to homogeneity (greater than 90%) may not have been achieved, the enzyme appears to be composed of possibly 7 subunits, several of which are similar to the subunits of yeast RNA polymerase I. The putative subunits and molar ratios are 183 000 (1), 136 000 (1), 50 000 (0.5), 46 000 (0.5), 40 000 (0.5), 33 000 (0.2), and 28 000 (2). The purified enzyme strongly prefers a completely denatured template such as poly(dC). PMID- 1247551 TI - Inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis of animal cells in vitro mediated by high molecular weight inhibitors in human liver extract. AB - 1. The addition of human liver extract to HeLa cells induces a reversible inhibition of the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into the DNA, [3H] uridine into the RNA, and 14C-labelled amino acids into the protein of HeLa cells. The inhibitory effects appear after treatment for 1 h and reach a maximum after 4-8 h. These effects do not depend on a defective precursor penetration, isotopic dilution or degradation of labelled precursor (thymidine-degrading enzymes were inactivated by the addition of unlabelled thymine), reduced activity of thymidine and uridine kinase, medium impairment, or an impairment of the cell-membrane function. 2. The nucleic acid synthesis-inhibiting activity of the extract seems to be dependent on cellular protein synthesis but independent of RNA synthesis which indicates that the inhibitors act in an indirect way. Furthermore, the inhibitors seem to lack the tissue-specific character of chalones. 3. The extract contains separate inhibitors of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. These inhibitors were found to have different physical-chemical characteristics and to be macromolecules with a protein or conjugated protein character (mol. wt. approx. 90 000). 4. The possibility that the activity of the high molecular weight inhibitors resides in low molecular weight factors (bound to protein carriers) was tested: No true low molecular weight inhibitors could be liberated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid/organic solvents or by dialysis/enzymatic treatments. Nucleosides such as thymidine, uridine, and cytidine, however, were liberated and could be shown to interfere with the uptake of [3H] thymidine/[3H] uridine. PMID- 1247552 TI - On the hydrophobic part of aminopeptidase and maltases which bind the enzyme to the intestinal brush border membrane. AB - The intestinal brush border aminopeptidase and unfractionated maltases M2+M3 are composed of a hydrophilic, sugar containing and enzymatically active part, and a smaller hydrophobic part presumably binding the catalytic part of the lipid matrix of the membrane. Hydrophobic parts detaced by trypsin from the detergent forms of aminopeptidase and the maltases were purified and shown to have molecular weights ranging from 8000 to 10000. All are rich in hydrophobic residues and contain no disulfide bridges. However, their overall amino acid composition is different. The hydrophobic parts appear to be N-terminal in the detergent forms of the enzymes. PMID- 1247553 TI - Water binding and mobility in the phosphatidylchlone/cholesterol/water lamellar phase. AB - Measurements of hydration and water self diffusion in lamellar phases of the ternary system: phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/water have been made using pulse NMR relaxation methods. Systems containing phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in a 1:1 mol ratio with varying water contents are studied at 20.5 degrees C. The results indicate that 12 water molecules corresponds to complete hydration of the phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol unit, and in the region of this hydration a 4 fold decrease in water diffusion occurs. The nature of the bound water and its relationship to phase stability and overall water mobility in the system are discussed. It is concluded that at the stoichiometric composition the diffusion decreases due to the relative immobility of the bound water. The implications in terms of permeability regulation in the aqueous channels by water content and hydration are cited. PMID- 1247554 TI - Raman spectroscopic investigations of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. AB - Raman spectra are presented for sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Interpretation of the 1000-1130 cm-1 region of the spectrum indicates that the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane may be more fluid than erythrocyte membranes that have been examined by the I portion of the membrane spectrum with a strong 1658 cm-1 band characteristic of C=C stretching in hydrocarbon side chains exhibiting cis conformation. This band is unaltered in intensity and position in H2O and in 2H2O thus obscuring amide I protein conformation. Of particular interest is the appearance of strong, resonantly enhanced bands at 1160 and 1527 cm-1 attributable to membrane-associated carotenoids. PMID- 1247555 TI - Lipid composition and protein profiles of outer and inner membranes from pig heart mitochondria. Comparison with microsomes. AB - 1. Mitochondria, inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and microsomes were isolated and purified from pig heart. Their lipid composition and protein components were studied. 2. The fatty acid distribution in the main phospholipids seemed specific rather of a given phospholipid and not of one type of membrane. 3. Inner mitochondrial membranes were characterized by a high content in cardiolipin and a very low level of triglycerides together with a high degree of unsaturation and C18 acids. Gel electrophoresis revealed 13 different polypeptide subunits of which 5 were major ranging in molecular weights from 10000 to 215000. 4. In outer mitochondrial membranes, total lipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, plasmologen and triglyceride contents were much higher than in inner membranes. Fatty acids of phospholipids were mostly saturated and the polypeptide pattern showed 12 components, of which 4 were major of mol. wt 75000, 60000, 20000 and below 10000. 5. Compared to outer membrane, microsomes exhibited a much higher cholesterol content and markedly different protein profiles. They contained significant amounts of cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine, this latter phospholipid being exclusively located in microsomes. However odd similarities were observed in some lipid components of microsomes and inner mitochondrial membranes, but fatty acids were more saturated in microsomes and electrophoretic profiles of protein components appeared very different and revealed components of high mol. wt. PMID- 1247556 TI - Nitrobenzylthionionosine binding sites in the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Nitrobenzylthioinosine binds tightly, but reversibly, to sites in the human erythrocyte membrane; occupancy of these sites blocks the transport of uridine and of other nucleosides. This report described the inhibition of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding at these sites by substrates of the uridine transport mechanism and by compounds related to nitrobenzylthioinosine. For some of these compounds dissociation constants for binding at the nitrobenzylthioinosine sites were determined, assumming competition with nitrobenzylthioinosine. Deoxycytidine, a substrate for the uridine transport mechanism, did not inhibit binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine, suggesting that binding sites for the latter are distinct from nucleoside sites directly involved in transport. PMID- 1247557 TI - The inhibitor effect of probencid and structural analogues on organic anions and chloride permeabilities in ox erythrocytes. AB - Probenecid inhibits anion movements (organic anions and chloride) in ox erythrocytes. The I50 is 4. 10(-5) M. Structural analogues such as carinamide, p carboxybenzene sulfonamide and p-carboxy N,N-diethyl benzene sulfonamide, which are drugs of the sulfonamide class, were also found to inhibit anion transport. These results reinforce the previously discussed view based on structural considerations, that sulfonamides act on the red cell membrane as competitors of anion transport. It is possible that probenecid and carinamide act in a similar way in the kidney. PMID- 1247558 TI - Sodium ion transport in isolated intestinal epithelial cells. II. Comparison of the effect of actively transported sugars on sodium ion efflux in cells isolated from jejunum and ileum. AB - Na+ transport studies in intestinal epithelial cells indicate that enterocytes from different regions of the small intestine differ in their response to actively transported sugars. 1. Compared with sugar-free medium total Na+ efflux rate constants from isolated rat jejunal cells were significantly increased when medium contained actively transported sugars, glucose and galactose, but not when medium contained fructose. 2 In contrast total Na+ efflux rate constants from isolated rat ileal cells did not respond to actively transported sugars, glucose and galactose. 3. Similar results for the effect of actively transported sugars on Na+ ellux were obtained for isolated rabbit jejunal and ileal epithelial cells. 4. Passive Na+ efflux rate constants for isolated jejunal and ileal enterocytes are not significantly different, indicating similiar permeability characteristics. PMID- 1247559 TI - Influence of membrane lipid fluidity on glucose and uridine facilitated diffusion in human erythrocytes. AB - A central question which must be resolved before acceptable molecular descriptions of facilitated diffusion systems can be provided is the nature of the spatial and functional relationships between the transport proteins and the membrane lipids. In the work reported here, this question was addressed by investigating the dependence of the rates of glucose and uridine facilitated diffusion in human erythrocytes on membrane lipid fluidity. Two approaches were used to alter the lipid fluidity: treatment with ether, an anesthetic, and the exchange of a synthetic 3-ketosteroid, cholest-4-en-3-one, for membrane chloesterol. Both of these treatments result in a significant increase in membrane lipid fluidity, as judged by the increase in the rates of passive diffusion of uridine through cell membranes and of glucose through membrane lipid bilayer vesicles. Ether produces no change in the Km of either transport process, a slight decrease in the V for glucose transport, and no significant change in the V for uridine transport. Replacement of membrane cholesterol by cholest-4-en 3-one reduces the V for glucose transport slightly, without altering the Km, and reduces both the Km and V for uridine transport. The absence of the expected increase in the V of facilitated diffusion with increasing membrane lipid fluidity observed here with human erythrocytes is not consistent with models for the transport process which feature movement of transport proteins which are in direct contact with the bulk lipids of the membrane. PMID- 1247560 TI - Nature of progesterone action on amino acid uptake by isolated full-grown oocyte of Xenopus laevis. AB - L-leucine uptake into full-grown oocytes of Xenopus laevis is a saturable process which is Na+ dependent and presumably coupled to Na+ gradient. Our results indicate that progesterone (10(-6) M) Blocks abruptly, around the germinal vesicle breakdown, the saturable transport of L-leucine. p-Chloromercuribenzoate (10(-4) M) induces maturation and after a short lag of time strongly inhibits L leucine uptake. Cycloheximide prevents progesterone-induced maturation and permeability changes. PMID- 1247561 TI - Molecular transport in thyroid slices. AB - The aim of this work is to describe quantitatively, from a physical point of view, molecular, molecular transport in thyroid slices. The study of the release of [3H]sucrose, [3H]inulin and 131I-labeled albumin leads to the following conclusions: the molecular transport in the slices is not due mainly to free diffusion. Indeed as these molecules are retained in the interfollicular spaces, the transport of matter is a mechanical process due to the agitation of the medium in which the slices are incubated. It depends on the elastic properties of the thyroid tissue, the frequency of the agitator and the thickness of the slice. This transport process can be described by a diffusion equation with an empirical diffusion coefficient; we call it diffusivity. These findings must be taken into account in any in vitro kinetic study of thyroid metabolism and of its regulation by effectors such as thyrotropin. The possibility of interference of such mechanical processes in the interpretation of kinetic tracer studies with tissue slices or fragments should be considered. PMID- 1247562 TI - Sensitivity of erythrocyte acethylcholinesterase to inhibition by linolenoyl sorbitol. Dependence on a transmembrane potential. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activity of human erythrocytes is known to be inhibited by linolenoyl sorbitol, the inhibition being critically dependent on cell membrane intactness. The extent of enzyme inhibition by the added lipid is correlated with the magnitude of Cl- gradient across the erythrocyte membrane, indicating that enzyme sensitivity is associated with a transmembrane potential. If linolenoyl sorbitol is allowed to interact with the erythrocytes while a Cl- gradient exists, enzyme sensitivity can subsequently be demonstrated not only in the absence of a gradient but even when the cells are lyzed. It is consluded that the transmembrane potential determines the accessibility of a membrane component to the added lipid. PMID- 1247564 TI - Phase transitions in 1,2- and 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine monolayers at the oil/water interface. AB - Moving the phosphatidylcholine group from the 3- to the 2-position in monolayers of distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine at the oil/water interface expands the surface pressure-area isotherm and markedly increases the surface pressure at which phase separation occurs with only a slight change in the monolayer surface density at the onset of the transition. This is interpreted in terms of a change in an ordering parameter in the solid-condensed state. PMID- 1247563 TI - Prostaglandin E1 high affinity binding sites of rat thymocytes. Specificity and blockade by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and localization in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction. AB - Great specificity is demonstrated for the prostaglandin E1 high affinity binding sites of rat thymocytes. Whereas prostaglandin E2 has the same affinity as prostaglandin E1, 13 other prostaglandin derivatives and antagonists are bound with 2-1000 times smaller affinities. 50% inhibition of the high affinity binding of prostaglandin E1 to rat thymocytes is demonstrated for three non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, indomethacin (3.6. 10(-5) M), salicylic acid (2.9. 10(-3) M) and acetylsalicylic acid (2.10(-2) M). The low affinity binding of prostaglandin E1 is enhanced by the same concentration of indomethacin, however, to a lesser degree and more variable than the inhibition of the high affinity binding of prostaglandin E1. Like intact cells a 50-fold purified plasma membrane fraction, isolated from a homogenate of rat thymocytes, shows reversible high affinity binding of prostaglandin E1 as well as irreversible binding of unidentified tritiated compounds. The binding data are compatible with a localization in the plasma membrane of high affinity sites for reversible binding with a considerably higher dissociation constant than that found for whole cells. Their identity remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 1247565 TI - The effects of removal of sodium ions from the mucosal solution on sugar absorption by rabbit ileum. AB - Net absorption and accumulation of D-galactose, beta-methyl D-glucose and low concentrations of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose by sheets of rabbit ileum are observed even when Na+ in the mucosal solution is replaced by choline. This indicates that active sugar transport can occur in the direction opposite to the brush-border Na+ gradient. PMID- 1247566 TI - Amino acid transport by the helicoidal colon of the new-born pig. AB - The proximal colon of the new-born pig maintains a stable short-circuit current which is partly dependent upon the presence of methionine. This interaction betweeen methionine and short-circuit current shows Michaelis-Menten knetics with a Km of 0.24 mM and a V of 27 muA.cm-2. The net flux of methionine to the serosal surface of proximal colons also shows a hyperbolic relation to the external concentration of methionine (Km 0.38 mM; V 10.4 nmol.cm-2. min-1). The proximal colon concentrates methionine within its epithelium giving a mucosal to medium ratio of 11.2 +/- 1.9 (90 min incubation in 1 mM methionine). The ability of the colon to transport methionine across and concentrate methionine within its mucosa is maintained for at least 24 h after birth. Colonic transport of amino acids could be physiologically important in the pig, where the immediate post-natal transfer of immune globulins has been shown to cause a temporary inhibition of normal intestinal function. PMID- 1247567 TI - Intramolecular disorder and its relation to mesophase structure in lipid/water mixtures. AB - NMR spin-half pair dipolar echo measurements are reported for the lamellar (dispersions and multibilayer stacks) and hexagonal phases of potassium palmitate/2H2O mixtures. In the lamellar Lbeta and Lgamma (gel) phases the alkyl chains are rigid and perfectly ordered, while in the lamellar Lalpha and hexagonal phases they are flexible and disordered. In particular, the measurements show that in the fluid lamellar Lalpha phase the chain is "bent" at the C9-C10 segment; but is "straight" in the hexagonal phase. PMID- 1247568 TI - Relationship of the photosensitivity of bilayer lipid membranes and the aqueous acceptor. Studies using complex ions of amino acids. AB - The photocurrent in photosensitive bilayer lipid membranes has been studied as a function of the aqueous acceptor. Correlations are observed between the relative photocurrent and the position of the complex ion visible absorption band and the dipole moment of the ligand. The effect of the ligands is nondirectional: they may be added to either side of the membrane with a corresponding effect on the photocurrent. The effects of the ligands are interpreted using an energy barrier model. PMID- 1247569 TI - Protein-bound oligosaccharides of Semliki Forest virus. AB - Semliki Forest virus was grown in BHK cells and labeled in vivo with radioactive monosaccharides. Pronase digests of the virus chromatographed on Bio-Gel P6 revealed glycopeptides of A-type and B-type. (For the nomenclature see Johnson, J. and Clamp, J.R. (1971) Biochem. J. 123, 739-745.) The former was labeled with [3H]fucose, [3H]galactose, [3H]mannose and [14C]glucosamine, the latter only with [3H]mannose and [14C]glucosamine. The three envelope glycoproteins E1, E2 and E3 were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to pronase digestion. The glycoproteins E1 and E3 revealed glycopeptides of A-type. E2 revealed glycopeptides of B-type. E2 yielded additionally a glycopeptide (Mr3100) which was heavily labeled from [3H]galactose, but only marginally from [14C]glucosamine, [3H]fucose and [3H]mannose. Whether this glycopeptide belongs to the A-type or not remains uncertain. The apparent molecular weights of the A-type units measured by gel filtration were 3400 in E1 and 4000 in E3; the B-type unit of E2 had an apparent molecular weight of 2000. Combined with the findings of our earlier chemical analysis these data suggest that E1 and E3 contain on the average one A-type unit; E2 probably contains one 3100 dalton unit plus one or two B-type units. PMID- 1247570 TI - Isolation of the terminal complement complex from target sheep erythrocyte membranes. AB - (1) Membranes from sheep erythrocytes lysed with antibody and human complement were solubilized in Triton X-100 and subjected to isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing 1% Triton X-100. Membrane-bound serum proteins were located in the gels by subsequent immunoelectrophoresis against antisera to human serum proteins. Monospecific antisera against C9 and C5 were used to locate the terminal complement complex, which is not dissociated by Triton X-100. The complex focused between pH 5.8 and pH 6.5 and was separated from the bulk of other membrane-bound serum proteins, which focused at pH ranges below than 6.0. (2) In a second step, proteins electrophoretically eluted from the gel sections containing the terminal complement complex were chromatographed on Sepharose 6B equilibrated with 0.05% Triton X-100. Fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to monitor separations. This step separated the terminal complement complex from the remaining contaminating proteins. The complex eluted in a broad peak corresponding to a molecular weight range of 800000-4000000. (3) The terminal complement complex thus obtained migrated with alpha-mobility and yielded a single precipitation arc in crossed immunoelectrophoresis using polyvalent antisera to human serum proteins. A distinct precipitate was obtained with monospecific anti-C9. The presence of C5 and C6, in complex with one another and with C9 was demonstrable by immuno-double-diffusion. No immunoprecipitate was obtained with antisera to sheep erythrocyte membrane proteins. (4) Dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the complex revealed seven protein bands of 190000, 160000, 115000, 93000, 85000, 68000 and 60000 daltons. Planimetric quantitation of densitometric scans gave a molar ratio of approx. 0.7:0.3:1:1:1:2:1 for these bands, respectively. All bands stained faintly with periodate-Schiff. Two-dimensional dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed that the first two bands (190000 and 160000 daltons, probably C5b and C5c) represented proteins possessing more than one peptide chain linked by disulfide bonds. The main subunit for both bands was a protein of approximately 68000 daltons. Band 5 (83000 daltons, probably C8alpha) was split into two peptide chains of approximately 68000 and 15000 daltons. The other components were not affected by dithiothreitol treatment. (5) The dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretograms obtained were very similar to that described by Kolb and Muller-Eberhard (Kolb, W.P. and Muller-Eberhard, H.J. (1975) J. Exp. Med. 141, 724-735) for the terminal complement complex isolated from inulin-activated serum. However, certain minor but consistent deviations were observed. A preliminary correction of the electrophoretograms is presented. PMID- 1247571 TI - Membrane and intracellular modes of sugar-dependent increments in red cell stability. AB - Sugar-dependent increments in red cell stability under osmotic stress can be ascribed to changes either in the membrane or in the intracellular matrix. These two possible modes of action have been tested and characterized. Rheological investigation of membrane-free haemoglobin solutions has shown that D-glucose, but not D-fructose, promotes the formation of a visco-plastic gel structure. Gel strength is a function of glucose concentration, haemoglobin concentration and temperature. The ability of various sugars to promote gel formation correlates with their solution properties. The existence of gel structure reduces K+ and haemoglobin leak from red cells whose membranes were partially destroyed by gamma radiation. Reduced osmotic swelling in the presence of glucose is also due to gel formation since the glucose effect is lost in resealed red cell ghosts. D Fructose does not protect red cells against radiation damage; its mode of action in increasing red cell stability under osmotic stress is a membrane effect. Cell sizing using the Coulter Counter has shown that fructose, but not glucose, can increase the maximal volume at lysis. At 50 mM, D-fructose expands the red cell ghost volume by 11.2%; this represents a 7.2% increase in membrane area. Ghost expansion by fructose is fructose concentration dependent (0-100 mM) and is insensitive to temperature variation (0-37 degrees C). PMID- 1247572 TI - Effect of a diazafluoranthen derivative on phospholipases. A study at the air water interface. AB - AC-3579 (2-N-methylpiperazinomethyl-1,3-diazafluoranthen 1-oxide) produces in rat hepatocytes a hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum. Two possibilities that can explain this phenomenon are (1) that AC-3579 inactivates the phospholipases, and (2) that an AC-3579-lipid interaction hinders the enzymic activity. To demonstrate these hypotheses, a physicochemical model of biological membrane, the lipid-water interface, has been used. Dipalmitoyl DL-alpha-phosphatidyl-choline was spread at the air-water interface, the enzymes (phospholipase A or phospholipase C) dissolved in the aqueous phase. The enzymic reaction was first studied with and without AC-3579 dissolved in the aqueous phase; no enzymic inactivation was observed. However an AC-3579-lipid complex completely inhibited the enzymic reaction in the case of phospholipase A. An explanation is given in terms of steric hindrance to the enzyme-substrate. PMID- 1247573 TI - The effect of sonication on the hydrocarbon chain conformation in model membrane systems: a Raman spectroscopic study. AB - Raman spectra are presented for egg lecithin above and below the gelliquid crystal phase transition, and several regions of the Raman spectrum are shown to be sensitive to conformational changes in the hydrocarbon chains. These regions are used to investigate the effect of sonication on the structure of egg lecithin and dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles. Sonication of both egg lecithin above Tm, and dipalmitoyl lecithin above and below Tm produces no change in the relative population of trans and gauche isomers in any of the systems studied. Sonication does however appear to effect interchain interactions, a possible consequence of imperfect packing towards the center of the bilayers in vesicle systems. PMID- 1247574 TI - A search for a leghaemoglobin-like compound in root nodules of Trema cannabina Lour. AB - Root nodules collected from the non-leguminous plant Trema cannabina Lour. grown under natural field conditions were examined for the presence of leghaemoglobin. No trace of any soluble haemoglobin-like compound could be detected by spectrophotometric analysis or molecular weight comparison studies, although a small amount of soluble haemoprotein with peroxidase activity was isolated. Possible alternatives to the possession of a leghaemoglobin in non legume/Rhizobium N2-fixing associations are discussed. PMID- 1247575 TI - Purification and characterization of a lectin (plant hemagglutinin) with N blood group specificity from Vicia graminea seeds. AB - A lectin with N blood group specificity was isolated from Vicia graminea seeds. This lectin was purified from a crude extract by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Purification steps were followed by increase of specific activity. Its homogeneity was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, electrofocusing and ultracentrifugation. This lectin is an acid glycoprotein with 7.3% carbohydrate, a high percentage of serine and contains no sialic acid. The native lectin has a molecular weight about 100 000 and dissociates into four subunits of 25 000 as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Preliminary hemagglutination inhibition has shown that the lectin was not inhibited by any of the monosaccharides contained in N blood group substances; however it was inhibited by the erythrocyte membrane major glycoprotein and the tryptic fragments obtained from erythrocytes. PMID- 1247576 TI - Studies on the small subunit of fraction I protein from Pisum sativum L. and Vicia faba L. AB - We have measured the molecular weight of the small subunit of Fraction I protein from pea and broad bean by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Sephadex gel-filtration and amino acid composition data. The results suggest a molecular weight of 12 000-14 500, although measurements by gel filtration in alkali suggest a molecular weight of approximately 22 000. N terminal amino acid sequence data and C-terminal determinations show that the protein consists of a single type of polypeptide chain, although the anomalously high molecular weight obtained on gel-filtration in alkali does not preclude the existence of the polypeptides as dimers under certain conditions. PMID- 1247577 TI - Effects of the stereo-configuration of the hydroxyl group in 4-hydroxyproline on the triple-helical structures formed by homogenous peptides resembling collagen. AB - To explore further the recent demonstration that hydroxyproline stabilizes the triple-helical structure of collagen, two peptides containing allohydroxyproline, (aHyp-Pro-Gly)10 and (Pro-aHyp-Gly)10, were synthesized by a modified Merrifield technique which yields products of defined molecular weight. Examination of the peptides by optical rotation and circular dichroism showed that neither of them formed triple-helical structures in aqueous solution. Since the peptides had less tendency than (Pro-Hyp-Gly)10 to become helical, the results demonstrated that the trans-4-hydroxyl group of hydroxyproline makes a specific contribution to stability of the triple helix formed by (Pro-Hyp-Gly)10. Since the peptides also had less tendency than (Pro-Pro-Gly10 to become helical, the results further demonstrated that the cis-4-hydroxyl group on allohydroxyproline decreases the stability of the triple helix. The observations provided direct support for previous data indicating that incorporation of proline analogues such as allohydroxyproline into pro-alpha chains during procollagen biosynthesis prevents the polypeptides from becoming triple helical. PMID- 1247579 TI - Reaction of chicken egg white lysozyme with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazole. II. Sites of modification. AB - 1. Procedure for the isolation of peptides from proteins bearing the chemically labile aromatic ether, O-tyrosyl-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole group, is described. 2. The tyrosyl residue reactive towards 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazole in chicken egg white lysozyme (Aboderin, A. A., Boedefeld, E. and Luisi, P. L., (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 328. 20-30) is tyrosine-23. The amino group in the protein whose reaction with the reagent is dependent on the prior reaction of tyrosine-23 is the epsilon-amino group of lysine-33. PMID- 1247578 TI - A specific cephalosporin-binding protein of Citrobacter freundii. AB - 1. A cephalosporin-binding protein obtained from a strain of Citrobacter freundii was purified to the extent of a single band in analytical and sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing disc electrophoresis. 2. The molecular weight determined by disc electrophoresis was 53 000. 3. The binding protein did not show any beta lactamase activity at substrate concentrations examined: 6 mM to 100 muM of penicillins and 12 mM to 100 muM of cephalosporins. 4. In gel filtration, [14C]benzylpenicillin was found not to bind to the binding protein. 5. In fluorescence titration, all cephalosporins tested quenched the fluorescence. Association constants of cephalosporins were in the range of 0.8-12-103 M-1, and one binding site was calculated for all cephalosporins tested. PMID- 1247580 TI - Studies on calcium ion-induced conformation changes in the actin-tropomyosin troponin system by fluorimetry. III. Changes in the conformation of tropomyosin associated with functional states. AB - The local conformational changes in the tropomyosin molecule under various conditions were studied by means of fluorimetry using SH-directed fluorescent dyes, N-(1-anilinonaphthyl-4)maleimide (ANM) and N-(3-pyrene)maleimide (PRM). 1. The fluorescence intensity, polarization and the emmission maximum of ANM tropomyosin were found to be susceptible to ionic strength, but in different ways. The changes in these parameters suggest that the fluorescence-labeled sulfhydryl group or groups become more buried in a hydrophobic internal region by salt-induced depolymerization of aggregate and by adding F-actin to tropomyosin. 2. Titration of the labeled tropomyosin with F-actin revealed a cooperative nature in ANM labeling and a simple saturation kinetics in PRM labeling. The dissociation constant of F-actin to PRM-tropomyosin was calculated to be 5.8-10( 6) M. 3. Temperature dependence of the fluorescence polarization showed a thermal transition in the conformation of ANM- or PRM-tropomyosin at around 30 degrees C. Flexibility or segmental motion of the region containing the fluorophore was suppressed significantly on adding troponin and markedly on adding F-actin. 4. Measurements of the quantum yield and polarization of the ANM-tropomyosin-F-actin complex suggested that troponin strengthened the binding between the two proteins and that Ca2+ reversed this effect. PMID- 1247581 TI - Purification by preparative electrophoresis and characterization of histone H2B from rat chloroleukaemia. AB - Highly purified histone H2B from rat chloroleukaemia has been isolated by preparative electrophoresis at pH 2.7 in polyacrylamide slab gel, using the fraction F2b of Johns (Johns E. W. (1964) Biochem, J. 92, 55-59) as starting material. This histone was characterized by amino acid analysis and end groups determination. Comparative studies with homologous calf thymus histone show similarity of the amino acid compositions and of the amino terminal groups. the carboxyl terminal sequence presents two conservative substitutions. PMID- 1247582 TI - Analysis of soluble fibrin complexes by agarose gel chromatography and protamine sulfate gelation. AB - The molecular makeup of soluble fibrin complexes was studied by gel exclusion chromatography using radio-labelling to characterize individual components in protein mixtures. Products of limited plasmin degradation of fibrinogen and mixtures of fibrinogen and "early" fibrinogen digests formed high molecular weight soluble fibrin complexes upon incubation with thrombin. Purified, nonclottable fragment Y did not incorporate into soluble fibrin complexes, nor could we demonstrate incorporation of fragments D and E as previously described from our laboratory. Thus, under the conditions of these experiments, soluble fibrin complexes have two identifiable components, fibrin monomer and clottable fragment X monomer, although incorporation of native fibrinogen or fragment X unreacted by thrombin into soluble fibrin complexes cannot be excluded. Individual fractions of thrombin-treated early fibrinogen digests isolated by agarose gel chromatography were treated with protamine sulfate at 37 degrees C resulting in precipitation-gelation of greater than 90 per cent of high molecular weight soluble fibrin complexes; whereas, less than 10 per cent of lower molecular weight fibrinogen degradation products precipitated by protamine sulfate. These findings do not support the widely held concept that soluble fibrin complexes incorporate nonclottable degradation products of fibrinogen proteolysis, nor do they support the notion that the so-called paracoagulation reaction induced by protamine sulfate results from the splitting of complexes between fibrin monomer and nonclottable fibrinogen degradation products. PMID- 1247583 TI - Hemoglobin J Cairo: beta 65 (E9) Lys leads to Gln, A new hemoglobin variant discovered in an Egyptian family. AB - The present report describes clinical, hematological and biochemical studies of a 27-year old Egyptian woman in whom a fast moving Hb variant was found. The abnormal Hb constituted 48% of the total erythrocyte Hb of the propositus and her father. Structural studies demonstrated that in the abnormal Hb lysine beta 65 is replaced by glutamine. The new Hb mutant is designated hemoglobin J Cairo beta 65 (E9) Lys leads to Gln. This substitution results in only a moderate decrease in cooperativity. No evidence of Hb instability was found. A slight anemic state has been observed in the propositus since she reached adolescence. PMID- 1247584 TI - A spectroscopic analysis of vitamin B12 derivatives. AB - 1. Several vitamin B12 derivatives including descobalt B12 show unusual inversion of their CD signs upon rapid cooling to liquid N2 temperature, although the room temperature CD signs are conserved by a slower cooling to the same temperature. As a possible explanation for this puzzling observation, a micro environmental birefringence around the chromophore imbedded in an organic glass is proposed. 2. Absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and polarization spectra of descobalt B12 can be correlated with those of porphyrin free bases, as these two molecular systems share many similarites in their electronic structure. 3. Molecular orbital calculations of polarization directions further support the analoby between the spectroscopic characteristics of corrins and porphyrins, and are generally in good agreement with the fluorescence polarization data. PMID- 1247585 TI - Tissue distribution of endogenous cobalamins and other corrins in the rat, cat and guinea pig. AB - 1. Methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin have been estimated by a chromato-bioautographic techniques in 16 tissues from healthy rats and in five guinea pig tissues. 2. Plasma and erythrocyte cobalamins have been estimated in rats, cats and guinea pigs and the results compared with those in man. 3. Unidentified corrins were detected in 8 of the 16 rat tissues and in 3 of the 5 guinea pig tissues analysed, but were not present in tissues from specific pathogen-free rats nor in the standard laboratory diet. 4. Adenosylcobalamin was the major corrin in 8 of the 16 rat tissues. In the remainder hydroxocobalamin predominated or was present in equal proportions with adenosylcobalamin. Methylcobalamin was detected in the majority of rat tissues but at levels much lower than those in human tissues. Small amounts of cyanocobalamin were detected also and levels were higher than those of methylcobalamin in 8 of the 16 tissues. 5. In the rat, cat and guinea pig, levels of methylcobalamin and hydroxobalamin were higher in erythrocytes than in plasma, a pattern almost the complete reverse of that in man. PMID- 1247586 TI - Isolation and characterization of a Golgi-rich fraction from the adrenal medulla. AB - 1. A Golgi-rich fraction from bovine adrenal medulla was isolated by centrifugation through discontinuous sucrose density gradients. 2. The specific activity of UDPgalactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactosyl transferase was increased in this fraction. Therefore, this enzyme is a useful marker for Golgi in bovine adrenal medulla. 3. Golgi membranes were reasonably free from mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and chromaffin granules as shown by the relatively low activities of marker enzymes. 4. The negative staining techniques of electron microscopy revealed the presence of a system of tubules, vesicles and plate-like center regions which are similar to those structures previously described of the Golgi fraction isolated from the liver. 5. The specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the Golgi-rich fraction was 3.5 times greater than that in adrenal homogenates. However, the subcellular distribution patterns of galactosyl transferase and 5'-nucleotidase were similar. The possibility that 5' nucleotidase might be a conspicious component of the Golgi apparatus is discussed. PMID- 1247587 TI - Circadian rhythms in disaccharidases of rat small intestine and its relation to food intake. AB - The activities of maltase and sucrase of the small intestine were low at night and high in the daytime in rats which had been fed from 09.00 h to 15.00 h for 2 weeks. A remarkable rise of enzyme activities was observed at 08.00 h, 1 h before the start of feeding. The rhythmic changes in disaccharidase activities continued for at least 2 days after starvation, but completely disappeared after 5 days of starvation. It was suggested that the disaccharidase rhythms are not a direct consequence of food intake, but that anticipation of food intake acts as a trigger for initiation of the disaccharidase rhythms. PMID- 1247588 TI - Metabolism of dihydroaminopterin and the influence of aminopterin and related derivatives on the metabolism of (-)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in Pediococcus cerevisiae. AB - [3H]Dihydroaminopterin, but not [3H]methotrexate or [3H]aminopterin, was rapidly taken up by resting cell of Pediococcus cerevisiae and inhibited the uptake of ( )-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid to more than 90% at a concentration of 25 muM. On the other hand 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid inhibited the uptake of dihydroaminopterin to a similar extent. Dihydroaminopterin was metabolized by Pediococcus cerevisiae, but not by Lactobacillus casei, to a compound tentatively identified as dihydroaminopterin diglutamate. Methotrexate or aminopterin at a concentration of 25 muM did not inhibit the uptake of 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in Pediococcus cervisiae, but inhibited the conversion of this compound to polyglutamate forms almost completely at a level of 2.5 mu M. PMID- 1247589 TI - Failure of rabbit reticulocytes to incorporate conalbumin or lactoferrin iron. AB - Despite the remarkable molecular similarity of human lactoferrin and human transferrin, the results of this investigation indicate that human lactoferrin was unable to furnish rabbit reticulocytes with iron for heme synthesis. Although conalbumin closely resembles transferrin in many of its properties, conalbumin iron-binding differs from human transferrin iron-binding. There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding conalbumin's ability to furnish iron to reticulocytes. In this study, small amounts of lactoferrin or conalbumin were adsorbed to mature and immature cell surfaces but neither of these iron-binding proteins surrendered iron intracellularly to reticulocytes for heme synthesis. PMID- 1247590 TI - Reactions of phenyldiazene and ring-substituted phenyldiazenes with ferrihemoglobin. AB - Two simultaneous reactions take place between ferrihemoglobin and phenyldiazene in the absence of excess ferricyanide or of oxygen, namely the reduction of ferrihemoglobin to ferrohemoglobin and the binding of an exogenous ligand by ferrihemoglobin to form a compound with the optical spectrum of a ferrihemochrome. In the presence of excess ferricyanide, only the formation of a ferrihemochrome is observed. This compound differs from the ferrihemochrome induced by salicylate or by benzoate with respect to optical spectrum, concentration of inducer, and stability. One phenyl group is bound per heme, probably as phenyldiazene. Phenyl groups are also bound to globin, but phenyldiazene does not react anaerobically with thiols. Each ring-substituted isomer of methylphenyldiazene or bromophenyldiazene yields a different ferrihemochrome spectrum with ferrihemoglobin in the presence of ferricyanide. Only reduction of ferrihemoglobin occurs with 2- or 4-diazenylbenzoic acid in the absence of excess ferricyanide, but partial formation of ferrihemochrome occurs with 4-diazenylbenzoic acid in excess ferricyanide. The ability of an aryldiazene to bind quantitatively to ferrihemoglobin parallels the ability of the corresponding arylhydrazine to induce in vivo hemolysis. PMID- 1247591 TI - Multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase from rat erythrocytes. Effect of fat-free diet. AB - Electrophoretic patterns of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) from rat erythrocyte were studied. The enzyme was solubilized by the following treatments: a) Triton X-100, b) sodium deoxycholate, or c) ultrasonic irradiation. When the erythrocyte membrane was solubilized by Triton X-100 at concentrations higher than 0.3%, by 10 mM sodium deoxycholate, or by ultrasonic irradiation for more than 5 min, a single band of acetylcholinesterase activity appeared in the gel. Two bands of activity were stained in the gel when the membrane was solubilized by Triton X-100 at concentrations between 0.1--0.2%, or by ultrasound for 5 min. Electrophoretic patterns of acetylcholinesterase from rats fed a fat-sufficient diet were similar to those for the enzyme from animals fed a fat-free diet. The recombination of lipids with the enzyme eluted from the gels confirmed the "phenotypic allosteric desensitization phenomenon". PMID- 1247592 TI - High affinity binding of human and bovine thrombins to p-chlorobenzylamido epsilon-aminocaproyl agarose. AB - Human thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) binds tightly to p-chlorobenzylamido-epsilon aminocaproyl agarose, and is not eluted by 2 M NaCl at pH 8. Its zymogen, human prothrombin, does not bind to the same absorbent. 2 M NaCl partially elutes DFP treated thrombin. For native human and bovine thrombins, protein and activity are quantitatively eluted by 25% dioxane, and upon rechromatography the active human enzyme exhibits the same binding properties. Equally tight binding of human thrombin occurs with derivatives of the m- and p-chlorobenzylamines. With the o chloro derivative or benzylamine itself insolubilized to epsilon-aminocaproyl agarose, thrombin is eluted by high ionic strength. Bovine trypsin and bovine factor Xa bind less tightly than thrombin to p-chlorobenzylamido-epsilon aminocaproyl agarose, being eluted by high ionic strength. It is proposed that the specific thrombin adsorption is related to a secondary binding site of high affinity and with hydrophobic properties. This site is not available in the zymogen. Furthermore, the less specific protease, trypsin, and the more specific protease, factor Xa, lack this binding site. PMID- 1247593 TI - Stabilization of glucosaminephosphate synthase from rat liver by hexose 6 phosphates. Properties and interconversion of two molecular forms. AB - Glucosaminephosphate synthase (glucosaminephosphate isomerase (glutamine forming), EC 5.3.1.19) prepared from rat liver by extraction in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) followed by precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 is susceptible to digestion by trypsin. This enzyme, designated form A, can be converted to tryptic-insusceptible form B upon incubation with Glc-6-P or fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) at 37 degrees C. The two forms also differ in the degree of activation by dithiothreitol, the degree of inhibition by methyl glyoxal and the behavior on DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. During purification with DEAE-Sephadex followed by hydroxyapatite, form B is converted to form A if Fru-6-P is absent and form A to form B if Fru-6-P is present. The two forms are therefore intercovertible. Under the conditions of purification, form B is more stable than form A, since the purity and yield of the final product are greater with form B than with form A. These findings suggest that the two forms of glucosaminephosphate synthase differ conformationally and that the equilibrium position depends on the concentration of Fru-6-P. Glc-6-P is effective only when it gives rise to Fru-6-P by mediation of glucose-phosphate isomerase. PMID- 1247594 TI - Glucosaminephosphate synthase of human liver. AB - Although human liver contains glucosaminephosphate synthase (glucosaminephosphate isomerase (glutamine-forming), EC 5.3.1.19), its activity is rapidly lost during the course of extraction. The inactivation, however, is largely prevented if the extraction medium contains isopropanol at 1% concentration; using these "stabilized" extracts, the glucosaminephosphate synthase activity of human liver has been shown to be similar to the activity previously reported in rat liver. The enzyme precipitated from these extracts by (NH4)2SO4 is inhibited by UDP-N acetylglucosamine, the concentration required to produce a half-maximal inhibition being 6 muM. These results seem to be sufficient to postulate that glucosaminephosphate synthase is important for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis in human liver. In contrast to the rat liver enzyme, the (NH4)2SO4-precipitated human liver enzyme is resistant to trypsin and undergoes no conversion reaction when incubated with glucose 6-phosphate. PMID- 1247595 TI - Chemical modifications of the crystalline quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase from hog liver. AB - Amino acid analysis and chemical modification of the crystalline quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19) from hog liver were performed. The enzyme contained 29 residues of half cystine per mol. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The number of reactive (exposed) sulfhydryl group was determined to be 10.2 and total sulfhydryl group was to be 25.2 per mol by using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The enzyme activity was also inhibited by lysine residue-, histidine residue-, and arginine residue-modifying reagents. These results and the effect of preincubation with the substrates on chemical modifications suggest that the lysine residue, histidine residue and sulfhydryl group may be closely related to the binding site of quinolinic acid. PMID- 1247596 TI - Ascaris suum hexokinase: purification and possible function in compartmentation of glucose 6-phosphate in muscle. AB - Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) is present in a soluble and a bound form in homogenates of Ascaris suum muscle. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and ion exchange chromatography confirmed the presence of only one molecular form of hexokinase in this muscle. A procedure for purifying hexokinase from Ascaris muscle has been developed utilizing ion-exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration. The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 100 000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel filtration. The Stokes' radius, diffusion coefficient, and frictional ratio have been determined. The apparent Michaelis constants for glucose and ATP are 4.7-10(-3) M and 2.2-10(-4) M, respectively. Ascaris hexokinase also exhibits end-product inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate and ADP. It is postulated that the kinetic parameters of the enzyme are the results of its function, that of generating glucose 6-phosphate primarily for glycogen synthesis. PMID- 1247597 TI - Selective inhibition of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases by a metabolite of hypoglycin. AB - Extracts of liver mitochondria from donor rats given hypoglycin, the toxic amino acid from the ackee plant (Blighia sapida) showed drastically reduced levels of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity with butyryl-CoA as substrate. Activity with octanoyl- and palmitoyl-CoA was unaffected. Evidence that the active agent is methylenecyclopropylacetyl-CoA, a hypoglycin metabolite, was obtained by observing effects of the compound on a partially purified enzyme mixture prepared from rabbit liver. At 13 muM concentration, it strongly inhibited butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.2) with butyryl-CoA as substrate; it was far less effective with palmitoyl-CoA as substrate for the other similar enzymes present in the preparation. Unlike normal substrates of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, the compound itself, and not a reaction product, is inhibitory. The observed effect is consistent with quite general inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation by hypoglycin. PMID- 1247598 TI - Purification, crystallization and properties of iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis. AB - Three electrophoretically distinct superoxide dismutases (EC 1.15.1.1) were observed in the crude extracts from Pseudomonas ovalis. One of these was isolated as an iron-containing superoxide dismutase. It contained 1.4 gatoms of Fe per mol of enzyme, and had a specific activity of 3900 units per mg of protein. A crystallized enzyme contained 1.1 gatoms of Fe per mol of enzyme, and had a specific activity of 3100 units per mg of protein. The results of sedimentation equilibrium and gel filtration indicated a molecular weight of 40,000. S020,W was estimated as 3.18 by sedimentation velocity study. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme was composed of two subunits, and had a molecular weight of 19,500. Analysis for sulfhydryl groups showed that there were four such groups per mol of enzyme. The spectrum of visible and ultraviolet region, the amino acid composition, the CD spectrum of the enzyme, and the effect of certain compounds on the enzyme, were studied and compared with iron containing superoxide dismutases isolated from other organisms. PMID- 1247599 TI - Thymidylate synthetase of in vitro chemically and virally transformed rat cells. AB - Thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1) from in vitro 3-methylcholanthreneor Rauscher leukemia virus-transformed rat embryo cells was studied. The enzyme from control or transformed rat cells exhibited a Km for 2'-deoxyuridylic acid of 4.5 +/- 0.2 muM, but the transformants had a higher level of enzyme activity than did control cells. Titration of the enzyme with tritiated 5-fluoro2'-deoxyuridylic acid indicated that the increased enzyme activity in the transformants was due to a greater level of cellular enzyme. While the level of enzyme activity in control cells was dependent on both the availability of nutrients in the medium and cell density, the level of enzyme activity in the transformants appeared to depend only on the availability of nutrients. PMID- 1247600 TI - A kinetic study of homocitrate synthetase activity in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. AB - 1. A rapid method for estimating the activity of the first enzyme of lysine biosynthesis in yeasts (acetyl-coenzyme A: 2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase, EC 4.1.3.21) is described. 2. In the wild type strain, the fixation of one substrate, S-acetyl coenzyme A, shows sigmoidal saturation kinetics. The initial rate experiments indicate that the reaction obeys an ordered mechanism, 2 ketoglutaric acid binding before S-acetyl coenzyme A. 3. The activity is completely inhibited in vitro by lysine and by some lysine analogs, which all show cooperative binding and have an heterotropic effect on 2-ketoglutaric binding sites. A second class of affectors is found, including 2-aminoadipic acid, pipecolic acid and dipicolinic acid, which all affect the cooperativity of S-acetyl coenzyme A binding sites. 4. Two types of mutations which modify these inhibition patterns without affecting the catalytic activity are described. One results in a desensitization towards lysine and lysine analogs only. The other entirely abolishes the susceptibility towards the second type of inhibitors, without affecting the susceptibility to lysine. 5. No variations of the specific activity could be detected in the wild type strain at all; mutants showing an increased or a reduced activity were isolated. 6. Our results do not support the existence of isoenzymes at the level of homocitrate synthetase in this yeast. PMID- 1247601 TI - Inhibition of photophosphorylation by ATP and the role of magnesium in photophosphorylation. AB - ATP and pyrophosphate at high concentration (greater than 1 mM) inhibited photophosphorylation of isolated spinach chloroplasts in the normal salt medium and did not cause stimulation of electron transport. The inhibition of photophosphorylation by ATP or pyrophosphate was shown to be abolished by the addition of excess MgCl2, ADP and phosphate. It has been demonstrated that the rates of photophosphorylation in the absence and presence of ATP or pyrophosphate are determined similarly by the concentrations of magnesium-ADP (Mg - ADP-) and magnesiumphosphate (Mg - Pi) complexes. It is highly probable that Mg - ADP- and Mg - Pi, but not free ADP and free phosphate, are the active form of the substrates of photophosphorylation. This is in support of the view that ATP inhibits photophosphorylation by decreasing the concentration of Mg2+ which is available for the formation of the complex with ADP and phosphate. PMID- 1247602 TI - The effects of oligomycin on energy metabolism and cation transport in slices of rat liver. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation as the primary action. AB - 1. In slices of rat liver, oligomycin inhibited the net transport of Na+ and K+ by a maximum of 30% and endogenous respiration by 25%. These effects were not increased by a number of modifications in the incubation conditions. 2. Mitochondria isolated from the slices after incubation showed respiratory control ratios that were somewhat less than in mitochondria from fresh liver, but state 3 respiration retained normal sensitivity to oligomycin. 3. Low concentrations of oligomycin or cyanide reduced respiration and ATP levels of the slices but did not affect ion transport unless these levels fell below a definite critical value. In contrast, ouabain and atractyloside each caused substantial degrees of transport inhibition at ATP levels which were in excess of the critical value. 4. High concentrations of cyanide and oligomycin reduced ATP contents maximally by 90% and 65%, respectively. Studies of lactate production, and of the effects of arsenite on respiration and ATP levels, suggested that substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric-acid cycle was the major source of the oligomycinresistant ATP synthesis. 5. The results suggest that oligomycin acts in the liver slices primarily as an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, and that this is the cause of the partial inhibition of ion transport. The oligomycin resistant ion-transporting activity is consistent with the persisting level of ATP synthesis. PMID- 1247603 TI - Mechanism of active shrinkage in mitochondria. I. Coupling between weak electrolyte fluxes. AB - 1. A passive penetration of (NH4)2 HPO4 or of K2HPO4+nigericin occurs in respiratory-inhibited liver mitochondria. Addition of succinate at the end of the passive swelling initiates a shrinkage phase which leads to restoration of the initial mitochondrial volume. The rate and time of onset of the active shrinkage depend on the degree of stretching of the mitochondrial membrane. The rate of active shrinkage increases proportionally to the concentration of nigericin while it is strongly inhibited by valinomycin. 2. A number of SH inhibitors such as N ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonate, dithiobisnitrobenzoate, exert a marked enhancing effect on the rate of shrinkage. The enhancing effect parallels titration of the phosphate carrier and inhibition of the passive phosphate efflux. In contrast, mersalyl is a powerful inhibitor of the rate of active shrinkage. The inhibition parallels that on phosphate passive efflux and requires higher mersalyl concentrations in respect to inhibition of phosphate influx. 3. The active shrinkage is discussed in terms of (a) a mechanoenzyme, (b) an electrogenic proton pump and (c) a proton-driven Pi pump. PMID- 1247604 TI - In vitro preparation and characterization of a 700 nm absorbing chlorophyll-water adduct according to the proposed primary molecular unit in photosynthesis. AB - 1. This study characterized chlorophyll a-H2O adducts in vitro in order to establish their generic relationship to the recently proposed [15, 18-20, 31] primary molecular adduct in photosynthesis. The effects of water titration and temperature on the absorption, fluorescence, excitation, and redox properties of the various in vitro chlorophyll a aggregate species are investigated. 2. From fluorescence measurements, we conclude that the driest chlorophyll a sample contains an equimolar amount of water. This conclusion is consistent with earlier experimental work [2, 3, 14, 17, 31], and clarifies the origin of the controversial [15] Katz model [14] of chlorophyll a-H2O interactions. 3. With increasing water concentration or as the temperature is lowered below room temperature, the A-663 monohydrate chlorophyll a-H2O (species absorbing at 663 nm) is favored at the expense of the A-678 anhydrous aggregate according to the equilibrium 2H2O+chlorophyll a2in equilibrium2 chlorophyll a-H2O. Under excess water conditions, A-663 is converted to A-743 (chlorophyll a-2H2O)n. 4. On slow sample cooling to T less than or approximately 200 degrees K, we observe the growth of A-700 at the expense of A-663. There is a direct correspondence between the increasing (decreasing) absorption by A-700 (A-633) and increasing (decreasing) fluorescence at 720 nm (664 nm). 5. It is concluded that A-700 is most probably the dimer participating in the equilibrium 2 chlorophyll a-H2O in equilibrium (chlorophyll a-H2O)2. The A-700 band consists of two exciton components (separated by approximately 280 cm1) that are interpretable in terms of the dimeric origin of A-700. 6. The deconvoluted A-700 absorption spectrum and the excitation spectrum of the 720 nm fluorescence are compared with the light minus-dark spectra of P-700. 7. It is found that A-700 is reversibly bleached by I2 (E0 equals 0.54 V). The significance of this observation is discussed in terms of the redox properties of monomeric chlorophyll a and P-700. PMID- 1247605 TI - A mutant strain of Scenedesmus obliquus deficient in ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, cytochrome f and photosystem II activity. AB - The partial reactions of photosynthesis shown by strain F208, a non photosynthetic mutant strain of Scenedesmus obliquus, have been compared with those performed by other mutant strains which lacked; Photosystem II activity (strains 11 and F131), cytochrome f (strain 50), P-700 and cytochrome f (strain F 119), and P-700 (strains F139 and 199). In this respect the properties of strain F208 were those that would be expected if Photosystem II activity and cytochrome f were not present in this strain. Examination of the composition of strain F208 has shown the absence of cytochrome f in both the soluble and the membrane-bound form. The considerably lower level of plastoquinone compared to that found in the wild type is characteristic of the strains which lack Photosystem II activities. Fraction 1 protein could not be detected in extracts of strain F208 by sedimentation velocity experiments in the ultracentrifuge, and only 7% of the wild type ribulose diphosphate carboxylase activity was found after chromatography of these extracts on DEAE-cellulose. The properties of strain F208 are compared with those of the ac-20 and cr-1 strains of Chlamydomanas rheinhardi, both of which have a deficiency of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase which is considered to result from a deficiency of chloroplast ribosomes. Strain F208 resembles these strains in its abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and its decreased levels of the RNA forms derived from the chloroplast ribosomes when compared with the wild type. Chloroplast fragments isolated from strains of S. obliquus which lacked cytochrome f (strains 50 and F208) were able to use diaminodurene and ascorbate as an electron donor to Photosynstem I. Since this reaction was inhibited by mercuric salts it would appear that plastocyanin, but not cytochrome f, was involved in this electron transfer. PMID- 1247607 TI - Further studies on the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate on respiration-dependent calcium transport by rat heart mitochondria. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate was found to depress extra oxygen consumption associated with Ca2+ -induced respiratory jump by rat heart mitochondria. Addition of phosphoenolpyruvate to mitochondria which have accumulated Ca2+ in the presence of glutamate and inorganic phosphate causes the release of Ca2+ from mitochondria. The phosphoenolpyruvate-stimulated Ca2+ efflux can be observed with mitochondria loaded with low initial Ca2+ concentration (0.12 mM) in the incubation medium. Measurements of mitochondrial H+ translocation produced by addition of Ca2+ to respiring mitochondria show that phosphoenolpyruvate depresses H+ ejection and enhances H+ uptake by mitochondria. The Ca2+ -releasing effect of phosphoenolpyruvate was found to be significantly stronger than that produced by rotenone when added to mitochondria loaded with Ca2+ in the presence of glutamate and inorganic phosphate. Dithiothreitol cannot overcome the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate on mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. PMID- 1247606 TI - Rates and properties of endogenous cyclic photophosphorylation of isolated intact chloroplasts measured by CO2 fixation in the presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. AB - 1. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in concentrations greater than or equal to 2.5 mM completely inhibits CO2-dependent O2 evolution in isolated intact spinach chloroplasts. This inhibition is reversed by the addition of equimolar concentrations of Pi, but not by addition of 3-phosphoglycerate. In the absence of Pi, 3-phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, only about 20% of the 14C-labelled intermediates are found in the supernatant, whereas in the presence of each of these substances the percentage of labelled intermediates in the supernatant is increased up to 70-95%. Based on these results the mechanism of the inhibition of O2 evolution by dihydroxyacetone phosphate is discussed with respect to the function of the known phosphate translocator in the envelope of intact chloroplasts. 2. Although O2 evolution is completely suppressed by dihydroxyacetone phosphate, CO2 fixation takes place in air with rates of up to 65 mu mol-mg1 chlorophyll-h1. As non-cyclic electron transport apparently does not occur under these conditions, these rates must be due to endogenous pseudocyclic and/or cyclic photophosphorylation. 3. Under anaerobic conditions, the rates of CO2 fixation in presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate are low (2.5 7 mumol-mg1 chlorophyll-h1), but they are strongly stimulated by addition of dichlorophenyl-dimethylurea (e.g. 2-10(-7) M) reaching values of up to 60 mumol mg1 chlorophyll-h1. As under these conditions the ATP necessary for CO2 fixation can be formed by an endogenous cyclic photophosphorylation, the capacity of this process seems to be relatively high, so it might contribute significantly to the energy supply of the chloroplast. As dichlorophenyl-dimethylurea stimulates CO2 fixation in presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate under anaerobic but not under aerobic conditions, it is concluded t-at only under anaerobic conditions an "overreduction" of the cyclic electron transport system takes place, which is removed by dichlorophenyl-dimethylurea in suitable concentrations. At concentrations above 5-10(-7) M dichlorophenyl-dimethylurea inhibits dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent CO2 fixation under anaerobic as well as under aerobic conditions in a similar way as normal CO2 fixation. Therefore, we assume that a properly poised redox state of the electron transport chain is necessary for an optimal occurrence of endogenous cyclic photophosphorylation. 4. The inhibition of dichlorophenyl-dimethylurea-stimulated CO2 fixation in presence of dihydroxyacetone phoshate by dibromothymoquinone under anaerobic conditions indicated that plastoquinone is an indispensible component of the endogenous cyclic electron pathway. PMID- 1247608 TI - Chlorophyll and peptide compositions in the two photosystems of marine green algae. AB - The molar ratios of chlorophyll a to b in the thalli of marine green algae were between 1.5 and 2.2, being appreciably lower than the ratio between 2.8 and 3.4 found for the leaves of higher plants and the cells of fresh-water green algae. The ratio of chlorophylls to P-700 in these marine algae was also lower than that in higher plants. The a/b ratios in the pigment proteins of Photosystems 1 and 2 separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis from sodium dodecyl sulfate solubilized chloroplasts of four species of marine green algae, Bryopsis maxima, Cheatomorpha spiralis, Enteromorpha compressa and Ulva conglobata, were approximately 5 and 1, which are considerably smaller than the ratios, 7 and 2, respectively, found for the pigment proteins of the two photosystems of higher plants separated by the same technique. The chloroplasts of Bryopsis maxima and Cheatomorpha spiralis lacked two of the peptides associated with Photosystem II, which are present in the chloroplasts of Spinacia oleracea and Taraxacum officinale. PMID- 1247609 TI - Kinetic studies of phototransients in bacteriorhodopsin. AB - Aqueous suspensions of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane fragments from Halobacterium halobium have bben subjected to microsecond flash photometry utilizing both unpolarized and polarized light. Depletion of the ground state chromophore centered at 570 nm is accompanied by the formation of transients absorbing maximally at 410 nm and 660 nm with rise times of about 0.4 and 6 ms, respectively. Decay of both transients and reformation of the ground state chromophore occurs with identical first-order kinetics with a half life of about 6 ms. All three chromophores are polarized with dichroic ratios which remain constant throughout the transient lifetimes, indicating that Brownian rotation of the chromophore within the membrane is considerably restricted. Whereas agents which induce permeability of membranes to protons (2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone) and non-specific univalent cations (gramicidin) or inhibit ATPase (ouabain) had no influence, the K+-specific ionophore valinomycin in the presence of K+ inhibited and quenched the formation of the 660 nm transient with concomitant increase in lifetime of the 410 nm transient and delay in recovery of the 570 nm chromophore. High concentrations of Na+ produced an effect similar to that of valinomycin. The relationship of these data to the mechanism of the proton pump in the intact bacterium is discussed, with the conclusion that the 410 nm transient performs a key role. PMID- 1247610 TI - Analysis of temperature-jump chlorophyll fluorescence induction in plants. AB - A newly observed general chlorophyll fluorescence induction effect in plants is described. Fluorescence yield can rise through as many as four different phases (alpha, beta, gamma, ) in the dark, when intact cells or leaves are rapidly heated (within approx. 2.5 s) from 20 to 40-50 degrees C. An analysis of this temperature-jump fluorescence induction in Scenedesmus obliquus leads to the following: 1. Phase alpha is due to removal of S-quenching and appears to be related to heat deactivation of the water-splitting enzyme system. With prolonged heating, irreversibility of alpha upon recooling reflects irreversible damage to the water-splitting enzyme system. 2. beta is independent of the S-states and of the redox state of primary System II acceptor Q. It is suggested that beta parallels functional separation of Q from the System II trapping centre. This effect is highly reversible. 3. gamma and beta reflect reduction of primary System II acceptor Q by a heat-induced endogenous reductant, which is probably identical to hydrogenase. Critical temperatures for pronounced alpha and beta phases differ markedly in different plants. Possible correlations between temperature-jump fluorescence inductio, thylakoid membrane lipid composition, lipid phase transition and lipid-protein interactions are discussed. PMID- 1247611 TI - Studies on the slow fluorescence decline in isolated chloroplasts. AB - Data presented here indicate that the slow fluorescence decline in osmotically disrupted chloroplasts is not associated with the well known divalent cation effect on fluorescence yield. Thus the two phenomena have markedly different magnesium concentration requirements, magnesium addition after the fluorescence decline did not stimulate the dark reversal, and the characteristics of the fluorescence induction kinetics of the two processes are not similar. At pH 7.6 the slow fluorescence decline was stimulated by several uncouplers demonstrated to greatly reduce proton pumping, and at pH 9.2 it was stimulated by all uncouplers tested. Acid-base transition was strongly inhibitory, and this inhibition was relieved by coupling factor is suggested by experiments in which phosphorylation substrates were inhibitory, and this inhibition was prevented by uncoupler. These data are explained in terms of coupling factor structural changes which in an unknown manner influence Photosystem II fluorescence emission. Fluorescence induction curves indicate that the slow quenching decreased only the variable fluorescence. The half rise time was decreased along with the sigmoidicity of the rise curve. These data can be accomodated in terms of a model recently proposed by Butler and Kitajima (Biochim. Biophys Acta (1975) 376, 116-125), involving the transfer of energy from the excited, but closed, reaction centres II to the light harvesting chlorophyll system. The slow fluorescence decline is suggested to represent a decrease of this process. PMID- 1247612 TI - Cytochrome b-563 redox changes in intact CO-fixing spinach chloroplasts and in developing pea chloroplasts. AB - Intact spinach chloroplasts, capable of high rates of photochemical oxygen evolution with CO2 as electron acceptor (120-350 mumol O2 mg chlorophyll-1 h-1) were examined for cytochrome redox changes. The response of the cytochromes in intact chloroplasts to oxidants and reductants appears to be governed by the permeability of the chloroplast envelope. The low potential cytochromes (b-559LP and b-563) were more slowly reduced at 25 degrees C by dithionite than is the case with broken chloroplasts. At 0 degrees C, the reduction of the low potential cytochromes in intactchloroplasts was extremely slow. The chloroplast envelope is impermeable to ferricyanide, slowly permeable to ascorbate and rapidly permeable to reduced dichlorophenolindophenol. Light-induced redox changes of cytochrome b 563 in intact chloroplasts were examined both at 0 degrees and 25 degrees C. A red/far-red antagonism on the redox changes of cytochrome b-563 was observed at 0 degrees C under anaerobic conditions. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethlyurea (DCMU) inhibited the photoreduction of cytochrome b-563 in red light following far-red illumination. The photooxidation of cytochrome b-563 under anaerobic conditions was not influenced by DCMU or 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p benzoquinone (DBMIB). The photoreduction of cytochrome b-563 under aerobic conditions was much less efficient than its photooxidation under anaerobic conditions. Developing pea chloroplasts showed much greater light-induced redox changes of cytochrome b-563 than did intact spinach chloroplasts. Our data are consistent with the view that cytochrome b-563 functions on a cyclic pathway around Photosystem I, but it appears that cyclic flow is sensitive to the relative poising of the redox levels of cytochrome b-563 and the components of the non-cylic pathway. PMID- 1247613 TI - DNA synthesis in permeabilized mouse L cells. AB - Mouse L cells are rendered permeable to nucleoside triphosphates by a cold shock with a near isotonic buffer. These cells retain their morphologic integrity and use exogenously supplied nucleotides and deoxynucleotides to synthesize RNA and DNA. The newly synthesized DNA is nuclear and is the product of semiconservative replication. Incorporation of deoxynucleotides into DNA by thymidine kinase deficient cells were used to conform rigorously that the exogenously supplied deoxynucleotides were incorporated into DNA without intermediate processing through nucleosides. DNA synthesis requires the presence of Na+, ATP, all 4 deoxynucleotides, and Mg2+. The reaction is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, p hydroxymercuribenzoate and actinomycin D. Hydroxy-urea and arabinosylcytosine do not inhibit the reaction whereas cytosine arabinoside triphosphate shows competitive inhibition with the deoxynucleotides. These findings indicate that the permeable cell system can be used for in situ evaluations of the replicative DNA polymerase using the endogenous DNA template. PMID- 1247614 TI - Stimulation of RNA polymerases I, II and III from rat liver by spermine, and specific inhibition of RNA polymerase I by higher spermine concentrations. AB - Spermine stimulates activities of higherly purified rat liver nuclear RNA olymerases I, II and III 3 to 4 fold. Inclusion of (NH4)2SO4 at concentrations required for maximal enzyme activities does not significantly enhance the degree of stimulation of polymerase activities by spermine, but maintains the stimulatory levels of enzymes over a broader range of spermine concentrations. The stimulatory effect of spermine at a concentration of 1 mM is a useful method for the elevation of activities of all RNA polymerases and thus provides a means to measure these enzymes when extracted from small quantities of tissues or cells. Based on the differential stimulation of the polymerases by spermine, a higher concentration of spermine (5 mM) can be selected to inhibit RNA polymerase I specifically. PMID- 1247615 TI - Mode of extension of the daughter strands in the replication of closed circular mitochondrial DNA in vitro. AB - 1. The properties of nascent DNA in the replicative closed circular mitochondrial DNA were examined in the in vitro system of discontinuous replication, using newborn rat liver mitochondria containing endogeneous DNA templates and enzymes. 2. The nascent DNA associated with the closed circular DNA fraction was found to be of two types; one class consisted of the fragments, and the other of the higher molecular-weight DNAs. Data from pulse and chase experiments indicate that the fragments were initially synthesized and subsequently converted into both heavy and light strands of the higher molecular-weight DNAs in an asymmetrical mode. 3. DNA - DNA hybridization experiments revealed that half of the fragments at least were copies of complementary parts of the parental DNA. 4. Based on the present in vitro data, a tentative structure of the replicating region and its expansion are discussed. PMID- 1247616 TI - Analysis of the genome of plants. II. Characterization of repetitive DNA in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). AB - Barley and wheat DNAs have been characterized by studying their kinetics of reassociation, melting properties and sedimentation behaviour in neutral CsCl gradients as well as in Cs2SO4 gradients containing Ag+ or Hg2+. In both species, reassociation kinetics have revealed the presence of approx. 76% redundant nucleotide sequences which have been grouped into very rapidly reassociating (Cot 0-0.01), rapidly reassociating (Cot 0.01-1.0) and slowly reassociating (Cot 1 100) fractions. The barley Cot 0-0.01 and Cot 0.01-1.0 fractions as well as the wheat Cot 0.01-1.0 fraction form narrow bands upon centrifugation in CsCl gradients. Under similar experimental conditions both Cot 0.01 and Cot 1.0-100 wheat fractions and the barley Cot 1.0-100 fraction form broad bands each having several shoulders. Thermal denaturation studies of most of the above reassociated fractions have shown a considerable degree of order in their duplexes with an average hyperchromicity of 21.5%. When native, high molecular weight barley DNA is centrifuged in Ag+/CS2SO4 density gradients (RF = 0.2), two satellites appear on the heavier side of the main band, as against one in the case of wheat. The two minor peaks, designated as satellites I and II, have buoyant densities of 1.702 and 1.698 g/cm3, respectively, in neutral CsCl gradients and together represent about 8-9% of total barley DNA. Upon centrifugation in Hg2+/CS2SO4 density gradients, one satellite is observed in both barley and wheat and it accounts for 1-2% of their genomes. PMID- 1247617 TI - In vitro DNA and RNA synthesis by human platelets. AB - In vitro incorporation of [Me-3H] thymidine and [5-3H] uridine into human platelets was demonstrated. Thymidine incorporation was inhibited by three specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis: hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside and daunomycin. The effect was dose-dependent. Uridine uptake by platelets was found to be inhibited by specific inhibitors of RNA synthesis such as actinomycin D, rifampicin and vincristine, the effect of actinomycin D being dose dependent. The drug also led to a time-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis when preincubated with platelets. The platelet RNA profile on polyacrylamide gel was demonstrated to be similar to that of embryonic mouse erythroblast RNA. Synthesis of all three fractions, 28 S, 18 S and 4 S, was inhibited by actinomycin D. These findings show that human platelets are capable of DNA and RNA synthesis, and that these activities play a role in controlling protein synthesis in these cells. Detectable amounts of DNA have been found in whole human platelets, and in isolated mitochondria derived from these cells. Isolated platelet mitochondria incorporated [3H] thymidine and [3H] uridine into their macromolecules. These activities were inhibited by daunomycin and by both rifampicin and actinomycin D, respectively. These results support the assumption that DNA and RNA synthesis found in intact cell preparations takes place most probably in platelet mitochondria. PMID- 1247618 TI - Embryonic stage-related properties of sea urchin embryo chromatin. AB - Two chromatin components, obtained by buoyant density centrifugation of the unsheared blastula and gastrula chromatin of a sucrose/glucose gradient, have been comparatively characterized. When compared to the heavy fraction the light fraction (i) represents a far smaller part of chromatin, (ii) contains a higher RNA/DNA mass ratio and a higher proportion of newly synthesized nonhistone proteins and (iii) possesses greater template activity for RNA synthesis. Gastrulation of the embryos was found to render the dense chromatin fraction less compact and both chromatin subpopulations more transcriptable and enriched with newly synthesized non-histone proteins. PMID- 1247619 TI - Structure of eukaryotic chromatin. Evaluation of periodicity using endogenous and exogenous nucleases. AB - DNA isolated from (a) liver chromatin digested in situ with endogenous Ca2+, Mg2+ dependent endonuclease, (b) prostate chromatin digested in situ with micrococcal nuclease or pancreatic DNAase I, and (c) isolated liver chromatin digested with micrococcal nuclease or pancreatic DNAase I has been analyzed electrophoretically on polyacrylamide gels. The electrophoretic patterns of DNA prepared from chromatin digested in situ with either endogenous endonuclease (liver nuclei) or micrococcal nuclease (prostate nuclei) are virtually identical. Each pattern consists of a series of discrete bands representing multiples of the smallest fragment of DNA 200 +/- 20 base pairs in length. The smallest DNA fragment (monomer) accumulates during prolonged digestion of chromatin in situ until it accounts for nearly all of the DNA on the gel; approx. 20% of the DNA of chromatin is rendered acid soluble during this period. Digestion of liver chromatin in situ in the presence of micrococcal nuclease results initially in the reduction of the size of the monomer from 200 to 170 base pairs of DNA and subsequently results in its conversion to as many as eight smaller fragments. The electrophoretic pattern obtained with DNA prepared from micrococcal nuclease digests of isolated liver chromatin is similar, but not identical, to that obtained with liver chromatin in situ. These preparations are more heterogeneous and contain DNA fragments smaller than 200 base pairs in length. These results suggest that not all of the chromatin isolated from liver nuclei retains its native structure. In contrast to endogenous endonuclease and micrococcal nuclease digests of chromatin, pancreatic DNAase I digests of isolated chromatin and of chromatin in situ consist of an extremely heterogeneous population of DNA fragments which migrates as a continuum on gels. A similar electrophoretic pattern is obtained with purified DNA digested by micrococcal nuclease. The presence of spermine (0.15 mM) and spermidine (0.5 mM) in preparative and incubation buffers decreases the rate of digestion of chromatin by endogenous endonuclease in situ approx. 10-fold, without affecting the size of the resulting DNA fragments. The rates of production of the smallest DNA fragments, monomer, dimer, and trimer, are nearly identical when high molecular weight DNA is present in excess, indicating that all of the chromatin multimers are equally susceptible to endogenous endonuclease. These observations points out the effects of various experimental conditions on the digestion of chromatin by nucleases. PMID- 1247620 TI - Polyadenylate polymerase from cytoplasm and nuclei of N.I.H.-Swiss mouse embryos. AB - Poly (A) polymerase activity from cytoplasm and nuclei of 12-16-day-old mouse embryos has been partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and tRNA-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and their properties have been compared. The nuclear and cytoplasmic enzymes exhibit similar chromatographic elution profiles, and similar biochemical and physical properties. Poly(A) polymerase has an absolute requirement for a divalent cation, ATP and an oligo- or polyribonucleotide primer. With tRNA, the divalent salt concentrations for optimum enzyme activity are 1 mM MnCl2 or 10 mM MgCl2. The enzyme activity with MnCl2 is 10-15-fold higher than that with MgCl2. The molecular weight of the native enzyme is about 65 000 and its sedimentation coefficient is around 4.5 S. The average chain length synthesized by the enzyme is between 10 and 13 nucleotides. The inhibitors of RNA polymerase do not affect poly (A) polymerase activity; however, some synthetic rifamycin SV derivatives are potent inhibitors of this enzyme. PMID- 1247621 TI - Effect of metabolic state on agglutination of human erythrocytes by concanavalin A. AB - Intact freshly drawn or stored human erythrocytes, which show little agglutination by concanavalin A, become agglutinable by this lectin in the presence of adenosine. alpha-Methylglucose (10 mM) completely inhibits this agglutination. The concanavalin A agglutination shows no sensitivity to vinblastine or cytochalasin B. Resealed membranes preparaed with ATP in lysing and resealing medium give modest agglutinability, while the presence of adenosine in both the lysing and the resealing medium results in a substantial agglutinability of the resealed membranes. Mild trypsin treatment of the erythrocytes causes an enhanced sensitivity to adenosine activation of the concanavalin A agglutination, while extensive trypsin treatment produced highly agglutinable erythrocytes that shown no response to the presence of adenosine in the lectin solution. The extensively treated erythrocytes also show concanavalin A agglutination at temperatures below 37 degrees C, under conditions in which intact or moderately treated erythrocytes do not agglutinate, with or without adenosine present. Results suggest that the adenosine activation of concanavalin A agglutination of intact human erythrocytes is mediated through a metabolic conversion of adenosine to a rapidly turned over metabolite which participates directly in the activation of agglutination. The agglutinability does not appear to depend on whole cell ATP levels, but may involve a particular pool of ATP. The effect of variation of cellular metabolic state and the response of particular systems involved in lectin-mediated agglutinability to cellular metabolism seem to be worth consideration in explaining the frequently large differences in agglutinability of und in cells in different biological states, such as those encountered in normal and transformed cells. PMID- 1247622 TI - Protease digestion of membranes. Ultrastructural and biochemical effects. AB - (1) Nagarse, a bacterial protease, was permitted to react with sarcoplasmic reticulum, submitochondrial and plasma membranes. Gel electrophoresis indicated that all polypeptides were labile to the enzyme, and therefore must be at least partially exposed at membrane surfaces. However, hydrolysis did not proceed to completion, and in each membrane 30-50% of the original protein mass remained after extensive digestion. Gel patterns showed that remaining polypeptide fragments were in the range of 10000 molecular weight. (2) Amino acid analysis of the original protein and membrane-bound digestion product was performed. Only minor changes were observed following digestion, suggesting that the peptide fragments remaining with the membrane did not have specialized amino acid compositions. (3) freeze-fracture analysis of Nagarse-treated sarcoplasmic and plasma membranes showed that particulate structures were present, although particle density and asymmetry of fistribution between fracture faces were decreased. In submitochondrial membranes, digested membranes were indistinguishable from the original membranes in particle density and distribution. We conclude that high molecular weight polypeptides are not required for the production particulate structures in freeze-fracture images of membranes. PMID- 1247623 TI - Interaction of the polyene antibiotics with lipid bilayer vesicles containing cholesterol. AB - The interaction of the polyene antibiotics, amphotericin B, nystatin and filipin with cholesterol-containing single bilayer lipid vesicles has been characterized using gel permeation chromatography and proton magnetic resonance. All three antibiotics bind to vesicles at low concentrations without causing a large amount of vesicle destruction. The strength of binding as determined by gel permeation studies is greater for filipin and amphotericin than for nystatin. Nystatin and amphotericin B at these low concentrations induce a rapid loss of internal vesicle contents consistents consistent with pore formation. Filipin induces no leakage beyond that expected from partial vesicle destruction or general detergent action. At antibiotic levels above 1:1 antibiotic: cholesterol ratios the NMR results show all three antibiotics to cause extensive vesicle destruction. The onset of this behavior, which appears to be independent of the total antibiotic concentraion, indicates a well defined antibiotic : cholesterol interaction stoichiometry. Despite the fact that cholesterol is required for antibiotic activity, the NMR spectra prior to vesicle destruction show no changes indicative of an antibiotic-induced reversal of cholesterol restriction of phosphatidylcholine mobility. The contrast with polyene antibiotic behavior in more extended bilayers is discussed. PMID- 1247624 TI - Alkyl glucosides as effective solubilizing agents for bovine rhodopsin. A comparison with several commonly used detergents. AB - The suitability of octyl and decyl-beta-D-glucoside as solubilizing agents for the bovine retinal rod outer segment disc membrane was investigated and compared to that of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine oxide, Emulphogene BC-720 and digitonin. The properties measured included the thermal stability of rhodopsin, regenerability of bleached rhodopsin by addition of 11 cis-retinal, and the rate of denaturation of bleached rhodopsin as measured by changes in the ultraviolet CD spectrum. Denaturing tendencies of the detergents were also evaluated by observing their effects on the absorption and CD spectra of sperm whale metmyoglobin. Our results demonstrate that octyl glucoside is superior to the other detergents, with the possible exception of digitonin, by the above criteria. Unlike digitonin, however, octyl glucoside affords rapid solubilization of the disc membrane and is itself highly soluble. Decyl glucoside has properties equivalent or superior to octyl glucoside, but salts and buffers interfere with its ability to solubilize the disc membrane. The well defined chemical composition, ease of removal by dialysis, and non-denaturing properties of the alkyl glucosides make them attractive detergents for membrane research. PMID- 1247625 TI - Action of the sterol-binding form of filipin on the lobster axon membrane. PMID- 1247626 TI - Antigenic properties of rat liver nuclear membrane. PMID- 1247627 TI - On visual detection of light sources. PMID- 1247628 TI - A dynamic model of the receptive field of horizontal cells for monochromatic lights. PMID- 1247629 TI - Effect of temperature on growth of newborn rabbits. AB - The effect of cold exposure upon rabbits was investigated in order to study the interrelationships of food intake, growth and metabolic rate. Newborn rabbits were raised in 2 groups at environmental temperatures that produced a 50-100% difference in metabolic rate. No difference in growth rate or milk intake was apparent. Nucleic acid and protein content of several organs were measured and were similar. The paradox of a similarity in weight gain between the groups in the face of a similar intake of milk but different oxygen consumptions is discussed. PMID- 1247630 TI - Fibrinolysis, fibrinogen and trhombin time in newborns. AB - Comparative experiments were made on blood samples collected with and without addition of a potent fribinolysis-blocking agent in newborn infants aged up to 12 h. Prevention of the in vitro fibrinolysis resulted in a diminished frequency of an abnormal euglobulin clot lysis time, but there was no significant difference in fibrinogen levels and in the frequency and degree of a prolonged thrombin time. These results indicate that the prolongation of thrombin time in newborn infants cannot be prevented by blocking the in vitro fibrinolysis. The significance of these findings is discussed with regard to the possible existence of an abnormal 'fetal fibrinogen'. PMID- 1247631 TI - Histological structure of the thyroid gland in the newborn. With special reference to hypotrophy, hydrops fetalis and Cesarean section delivery. AB - Histological features of the thyroid gland in the newborns have been described under several circumstances; gestational age, length of survival, and under particular clinical status such as hypotrophy (intrauterine growth retardation), Cesarean section delivery and hydrops fetalis. Gestational age does not modify significantly the histological aspect of the thyroid, while birth process and adjustment to extrauterine life induce dramatic changes such as severe depletion of colloid for about 24 h, followed by a massive repletion after the first day of life. A few exceptions to this phenomenon are described. Thyroid glands of hypotrophic infants and of infants delivered by cesarean section exhibit colloid filled vesicles already within the first day. Thyroid glands of hydrops fetalis have a reverse tendency. This phenomenon might be secondary to multiple exchange transfusions. PMID- 1247632 TI - Metabolism of natural and synthetic corticosteroids in relation to their effects on mouse fetuses. AB - 14C-glucose uptake by mouse fetuses was reduced by doses of dexamethasone, 200 mug or more, which over 2 days caused fetal death. Uptake by strain C57B1/6J greater than A/J greater than SWV. Corticosterone or cortisol, 4 mg, caused neither reduced uptake nor fetal death. These differences occurred despite similar maternal hyperglycemia in all cases. Recovery of 3H-steroid after 15 min, total and unchanged steroid per gram fetal tissue was: corticosterone 1.7 and 0.3%; dexamethasone 0.12 and 0.06% of the dose. Rapid metabolism of corticosterone apparently prevents accumulation in fetal tissue sufficient to evoke a response under these conditions. PMID- 1247633 TI - Transfer RNA and aminoacyl transfer RNA in developing rats. AB - The total transfer RNA (tRNA) level in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and heart muscle of developing rats was determined by purification using (3H)tRNA as an internal standard. Liver and kidney contained almost twice as much tRNA per gram tissue as heart and skeletal muscle. There were no apparent differences between the sexes. The aminoacylation capacities of six tRNA species (alanyl, aspartyl, leucyl, methionyl, phenylalanyl, and tryptophanyl) from rat liver were not different during 3 developmental stages (suckling, weaning and young adult), and there were also no differences noted between males females. The in vivo percent aminoacylation of 4 tRNAs (aspartyl, leucyl, methionyl, and phenylalanyl) was lower during the newborn and suckling periods than in weaning and young adult rat livers. The tRNA of young adults was almost completely aminoacylated in vivo with the exception of alanyl-tRNA. PMID- 1247634 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the erythrocytes of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia and asphyxia. AB - The authors measured erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity in 51 physiologic newborn infants, 35 pregnant women and 101 infants with hyperbilirubinemia caused by hemolytic diseases in the ABO and Rh systems, or of other origin (6 children). In total, 374 examinations of erythrocyte ACHE were performed. The normal values of physiologic infants during the first hours of life were 0.162 +/- 0.03, at the age of 3 days 0.104 +/- 0.04. The values in pregnant women were 0.206 +/- 0.07. The ACHE activity was considerably decreased in newborn infants affected by erythroblastosis-ABO, and its mean value, in the case of exsanguinotransfusion indicated by the Polacek scheme, amounted to 0.060 +/- 0.051. It raised after exsanguinotransfusion and was equal to the value of red cells transfused. In newborn infants affected by erythroblastosis-Rh, the value decreased in the cases complicated with asphyxia. Low values of ACHE are sometimes found in certain cases of IRDS or of septicemia. The determination of erythrocyte ACHE activity enables assessing the state of red blood cells. PMID- 1247635 TI - Relationship between body size, thermal balance and thermal insulation of term infants under various ambient conditions. AB - A gradient layer direct calorimetric study was made on the thermal balance of small-for-date, appropriate-for-date and large-for-date term newborn infants during the first 2 days of life. At ambient temperatures of 28 and 32 degrees C, the dry and total heat losses per kilogramme body weight were inversely related to body weight. There was a negative correlation between metabolic rate per kilogramme and body weight, whereas in terms of surface area the correlation became positive. A similar tendency without statistical significance was observed at an ambient temperature of 37 degrees C. In a cool environment (28 degrees C), a significant positive correlation was found between body weight and ambient or total thermal insulations. Tissue and total insulations were inversly related to the metabolic rate. It was concluded that small-for-date newborn infants are handicapped not only by the unfavourable surface-to-mass ratio but also by the limited specific body thermal insulation. PMID- 1247636 TI - Tissue glycogen and blood glucose and fructose levels in the pig fetus during the second half of gestation. AB - Tissue glycogen levels in the liver, cardiac ventricle, lung, thigh muscle, kidney and placenta were determined in pig fetuses of 60-112 days gestational age. Liver glycogen levels increased earlier in gestation than suggested by previous reports although the maximum rate of deposition occurred between 100 and 107 days. The time of deposition of muscle glycogen was similar to that of the liver. Lung glycogen levels peaked between 70 and 90 days but then fell rapidly in late gestation. Cardiac levels were similar at all ages studied. Blood fructose levels were high in younger fetuses but levels were lower in older fetuses and were falling rapidly between 107 and 112 days. Maternal blood contained only traces of fructose. Fetal blood glucose levels were lower than maternal levels and appeared to be more closely related to maternal levels than to the gestational age of the fetuses. PMID- 1247637 TI - Isoelectric focusing of non-specific esterases of developing human brain in thin layer polyacrylamide gels. AB - Isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels shows differences between the non-specific esterase patterns of human fetal and adult brains. This heterogeneity is as expected from starch gel electrophoresis. The discrepancy with the only previous report on this subject is discussed, and is attributed to differences in the experimental conditions employed. PMID- 1247638 TI - New ultrasonic device for monitoring foetal breathing movements. AB - Ultrasonography is the accepted method of choice for registering foetal breathing movements in man. The conventional apparatus hitherto used for this purpose is disadvantageous and could yield misleading artefacts. A new differential echoscope has been designed and developed especially for recording intrauterine foetal movements. It allows a simultaneous registration of movements of two foetal structures: the proximal and distal thoracic wall, or the foetal heart and the thoracic wall. It is equipped with two alternately emitting transducers, each with a repetition frequency of 150 HZ, and an intensity-modulated display of the triggering echoes within the gates. Time-to-volgate converters transform the movements of two gated echoes into electrical signals. An internal differential circuit produces on-line recordings of the true difference between movements of the two selected echoes. This device will appreciably facilitate the selection of proper echoes and reduce signal artefacts during foetal monitoring. Various errors and pitfalls in measuring foetal breathing movements are discussed. PMID- 1247639 TI - Hypothenar muscle action potential recorder. AB - Drugs which block the transmission of excitation from motor nerve to voluntary muscle fibre are used routinely in anaesthesia. The action of this group of drugs may be studied by stimulating a motor nerve and observing the evoked muscle response. Simple nerve stimulators are widely available and are designed to achieve supramaximal stimulation of a convenient peripheral motor nerve. Quantitative observation of the evoked muscle response is achieved by measuring either the action potential or the tension developed by the contracting muscle. While such techniques are commonly used for research and teaching purposes, they are not widely available to the practising anaesthetist. Electrocardiography, on the other hand, id frequently used in operating theatres and recovery rooms, so that medical personnel are accustomed to using ECG recorders and are trained to interpret the displayed information. We have developed an EMG pre-amplifier and signal processor to produce a signal which can be displayed by ECG equipment. PMID- 1247640 TI - Chequerboard pattern reversal using a modified television display to measure visual evoked responses. AB - The clinical value of visual evoked response measurement is noted with particular reference to the stimulus source used. The complexities of response to brief flashes of light has led to the increased use of chequerboard reversal as a stimulus source. Thus far, the chequerboard reversal has been produced by opto mechanical means. This paper presents the results of using a television display as the stimulus generator, and some of the advantages of such a purely electronic source of pattern reversal are discussed. PMID- 1247641 TI - Voltage clamp with double sucrose gap technique. External series resistance compensation. AB - In this paper we deal with the double sucrose-gap voltage clamp technique. To perform a reliable clamp or to analyze the intracellular potential distribution, any external series resistance in the artificial node must be taken into account for it induces an instability in the external potential as soon as a current develops. A circuit was designed to compensate for this error, it has been found effective on an analog model and on experimental uni- or multicellular preparations. The attenuation in series resistance frequently causes ringing in the step response. This behavior was studied theoretically and also simulated with analog models where a selective bridged-T network was found to represent the electrical characteristics of the preparation when associated with the chamber and control electronics. A residual series resistance was found and is considered to be a part of the preparation. Characteristics necessary to obtain best results are proposed, for a preparation to be studied in experiments utilizing the double sucrose gap technique with external series resistance compensation. PMID- 1247643 TI - Electrical properties of the squid axon sheath. AB - The first impedance data on the squid giant axon gave a lossy membrane capacity of 1 muF/cm2 from 1-200 kHz. The remaining observations of one experiment up to 5 MHz were not included in the simple conclusions and have now been ascribed to the mostly Schwann cell sheath. The results of these fragmentary data, 1.6 omega-cm2 and 12.5 membrane layers, are within the range of recent current clamp and electron microscope conclusions to give them independent confirmation and support. PMID- 1247642 TI - Theoretical model of the ionic mechanism of 1/f noise in nerve membrane. AB - A model is presented for the ionic mechanism of low frequency 1/f electrical noise which has been observed in axonal membranes. The model consists of narrow channels which open randomly throughout the membrane and remain open for only a short time compared with f-1max where fmax approximately 2 kHz is the maximum frequency for which 1/f noise is observed. The fluctuation in channel formation is coupled to low frequency normal mode vibrations in liquid crystals which have properties similar to nerve membranes. Ionic current flow through the channels is assumed to occur via single file diffusion. The diffusion process is regarded as a non-Markovian random walk on a one-dimensional lattice which is mathematically decomposed into its spatial and temporal components. This technique allows calculation of the mean and variance of the number of ions which flow through any single short-lived channel. The final result for the current noise power spectrum, S, is S(f) = (A + k/I/2)/f, where I is the mean membrane current and A and k are parameters which are independent of membrane voltage. The theoretical result is consistent with observations of 1/f noise in lobster axon by Poussart (1971, Biophys. J. 11:212.) on the dependence of S(f) on the mean steady-state current and the external potassium concentration. We also calculate the mean channel density and the Frank elastic constant of the membrane. This work is an extension of a macroscopic model of Lundstrom and McQueen (1974, J. Theor. Biol. 45:405.) who obtain a spectral density of the form S approximately /I/2/f. PMID- 1247644 TI - Blocking of valinomycin-mediated bilayer membrane conductance by substituted benzimidazoles. AB - Valinomycin selectively transports alkali cations, e.g. potassium ions, across lipid bilayer membranes. The blocking of this carrier-mediated transport by four substituted benzimidazoles has been investigated. The compounds are 4,5,6,7 tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole, (TTFB); 4,5,6,7,-tetrachloro-2 methylbenzimidazole, (TMB); 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole, (TFB); and 2 methylbenzimidazole, (MBM). Because of its low acidic dissociation constant (pKa = 5.04), the blocking efficiency of TTFB in both neutral and anionic forms in the aqueous phase could be studied. The compounds exhibit the blocking efficiency sequence, TTFB- greater than TTFB0 greater than TMB0 greater than TFB0 greater than MBM0. The corresponding scale of decreasing lipophilicity, as determined by octanol/water partitioning, is TTFB0 greater than TMB0 greater than TTFB- greater than TFB0 greater than MBM0. Comparison of neutral species establishes a positive correlation of blocking efficiency with lipophilicity, with the latter being conferred primarily by chlorination of the benzenoid nucleus. Anionic TTFB, on the other hand, is the most effective blocking agent studied in spite of the fact that its dissociation in the aqueous phase markedly impedes its entry (presumably as a neutral species) into a bulk hydrocarbon phase. This observation suggests that the blocking of valinomycin-mediated bilayer membrane conductance takes place at the membrane/solution interface. PMID- 1247645 TI - Swimming of flagellated microorganisms. AB - The swimming motion of a microorganism with a single flagellum is investigated for both helical and planar flagellar motion. First the force and torque exerted on the organism by the surrounding fluid are calculated in terms of the specified flagellar motion and the unknown linear and angular velocity of the whole organism. Then these unknown velocities are determined by the condition that the net force and torque on the organism are zero. Using these velocities, the trajectory of the organism is found. In the case of helical flagellar motion, the path of the entire organism is found to be a helix of small radius. The axis of the flagellum is not parallel to the axis of the helical path, but makes a small angle with it and precesses around it. If the flagellar motion is planar and sinusoidal, then the trajectory of the organism is found to be a straight line with small oscillations about it. Each point of the flagellum also oscillates longitudinally with double the frequency of the transverse oscillation, producing a figure eight motion. However if the flagellar motion is planar and asymmetric, then the trajectory is found to be a circle with small superposed oscillations. These conclusions account for the observed helical and circular trajectories of sperm, and for the figure eight motion of the tip of the flagellum in the planar case. PMID- 1247646 TI - A kinetic model for the sodium conductance system in squid axon. AB - We describe a kinetic reaction sequence for the sodium conductance system in the squid axon. It closely matches the original Hodgkin and Huxley model for voltage clamp experiments but it generates an action potential without a bump on the falling phase. When calcium ions are included in the reaction, this model faithfully reproduces the experimental observations of Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin on the effects of altered calcium in the medium. The fit to experiment is much better than when a voltage shift in rate constants is assumed. The gating currents recently observed by Armstrong and Bezanilla are not compatible with the Hodgkin and Huxley model but can be reprocuced in considerable detail by the kinetic model. Thus it appears that the kinetic model differs from that of Hodgkin and Huxley perhaps in an important and fundamental way that makes it more realistic. PMID- 1247647 TI - Studies of light emission, absorption and energy transfer in nerve membranes labelled with fluorescent probes. AB - Physicochemical properties of fluorescent membrane probes, 2-p-Cl anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate (p-Cl-ANS), 2-p-Br-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate (p-Br-ANS), merocyanine-540, methyl violet, etc., were examined because of the possibility of demonstrating resonance energy-transfer between probes. The emission psectra of p-Cl-ANS and p-Br-ANS and the absorption (or fluorescence excitation) spectra of Eastman Kodak merocyanine-540 (M-540) and other probes were found to be very sensitive to changes in the solvent polarity. The spectra of these probes incorporated in the nerve membrane were determined and compared with the corresponding spectra in various organic solvents and macromolecules. This comparison suggests that the polarity of the binding sites for p-Cl-ANS (and p-Br-ANS) in the membrane is high and that of M-540 is very low. The spectrum of the portion of p-Cl-ANS fluorescence contributing to production of optical responses (i.e., transient changes during action potentials) was determined. Both absorption responses and fluorescence responses were detected from M-540 in the nerve membrane. It was possible to demonstrate resonance transfer of electronic energy from p-Cl-ANS to M-540 incorporated in lysolecithin micelles and in crab nerves. During action potentials, the intensity of M-540 fluorescence excited by energy transfer was found to undergo transient changes. Based on these and other experimental findings, properties of the binding sites for these probes in the nerve membranes are discussed. PMID- 1247648 TI - Nuclear magnetic relaxation of 23Na and 7Li ions in polyphosphate solutions. PMID- 1247649 TI - Thermodynamic investigations of proteins. II. Calorimetric study of lysozyme denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride. AB - The thermodynamic parameters of the denaturation of lysozyme are determined at various temperatures (25-60 degrees C) by isothermal calorimetric titrations with guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) and by scanning calorimetry in the presence of GuHCl. An approach for the determination of the enthalpy of preferential binding of GuHCl is proposed. It has been shown from GuHCl denaturation experiments that the net enthalpies of denaturation and the denaturational change in the heat capacity of protein can be obtained if preferential binding is taken into consideration. These results are nearly the same as in the case of thermal denaturation in the absence of denaturants. It is concluded that the states of both heat- and GuHCl-denatured lysozyme are thermodynamically indistinguishable. PMID- 1247650 TI - Radial migration of DNA molecules in cylindrical flow. III. Circles and the effect of non-gaussian polymer statistics. AB - We have previously shown that DNA will migrate radially inward in a concentric cylinder shear flow apparatus. We assumed gaussian chain statistics, and we considered only linear molecules. In this paper, we extend the analysis to closed circular molecules, and we consider non-gaussian statistics for both linears and circles. We find that, in good solvents, the inward radial migration velocity is more sensitive to the molecular weight than M5/2, which we previously reported for gaussian chains. Furthermore, linears migrate radially inward 8 times faster than do circles of the same molecular weight. This suggests the possibility of separating linear from circular DNA in solution. PMID- 1247651 TI - Dynamical theory of fluorescence polarization in a planar array of oriented pigment molecules. AB - A theory is developed appropriate for the analysis of fluorescence polarization experiments with pigment molecules in a planar array (plane membrane). Especially rotatory and oscillatory dynamics of the pigment molecules are considered. Three model calculations are performed, which describe the following different situations: (a) Rotational diffusion of molecules around the normal to the plane membrane. (b) Oscillatory diffusion of molecules with respect to this normal. (c) As a two-dimensional example the independent superposition of both types of motion. Central point of these model calculations is the determination of an intensity of emission function, from which in practical application the measured fluorescence intensities may uniquely be calculated. PMID- 1247652 TI - The use of sedimentation coefficients to distinguish between models for protein oligomers. AB - The sedimentation coefficients of proteins are dependent on their sizes, shapes and densities and on the density and viscosity of the solvent. However, when the sedimentation coefficients of an oligomeric protein and its protomer are measured under the same experimental conditions, the ratio of the two coefficients depends only on the protomer shape and the mode of aggregation. This property, which we shall call the sedimentation ratio, therefore provides a way of distinguishing between models for oligomeric proteins. To allow examination of the behaviour of the sedimentation ratio, sedimentation coefficients are calculated for a comprehensive range of protomer shapes and modes of aggregation in hexameric systems using equations derived by Kirkwood. As illustrations of the method the resulting sedimentation ratios are compared with experimental values for insulin and arthroped hemocyanin, which eliminates many of the possible structures for these proteins. When experimental estimates of degree of hydration and molecular dimensions are also considered, all but a group of virtually identical structures are eliminated for the insulin hexamer and a single most likely structure remains for arthropod hemocyanin. The insulin structure is in good agreement with that determined by X-ray crystallography while the hemocyanin hexameric structure is a hexagonal prism formed by the cyclic aggregation of prolate ellipsoids of axial ratio about 2.5 : 1. PMID- 1247653 TI - The solution conformation of poly(L-lysine). A Raman and infrared spectroscopic study. PMID- 1247654 TI - Interpretation of hypochromic and hyperchromic intensity changes in the Raman spectra of polypeptides and polynucleotides undergoing transition. PMID- 1247655 TI - Thickness and density of protein films by optical mixing spectroscopy. PMID- 1247656 TI - The low-temperature mechenical relaxation of elastin. I. The dry protein. PMID- 1247657 TI - Preferential solvent binding and change in conformation of bovine serum albumin in 2-chloroethanol-water mixed solvents. PMID- 1247658 TI - Length and dipole moment of TMV by laser signal-averaging transient electric birefringence. PMID- 1247659 TI - Racemization in the synthesis of polytripeptide models of a collagen. PMID- 1247660 TI - Nonlinear electric properties of DNA solutions. PMID- 1247661 TI - Electric birefringence in concentrated solutions of tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 1247662 TI - Letter: Specific heat thermal variations of L-valine and poly(L-valine). PMID- 1247663 TI - Combined external and internal mass transfer effects in heterogeneous (enzyme) catalysis. AB - A graphical method is outlined in order to calculate the conversion under combined intra- and extraparticle transport limitations using the existing effectiveness factor charts for intraparticle diffusion. This method is applied to the case of an immobilized enzyme, assuming that the kinetics are of the Michaelis-Menten type. PMID- 1247664 TI - Temperature dependence of a diffusion-limited immobilized enzyme reaction. AB - The apparent activation energy of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine-ethyl ester (BAEE) hydrolysis by immobilized trypsin varies with the bulk substrate concentration from its maximum value, comparable to that of the free enzyme, to considerably lower values. Thus, with a concentration change from 3 x 10(-2) to 10(-4) M the apparent activation energy diminishes from 9.5 to 4.5 kcal/mol. This experimental finding is interpreted to be due to Michaelis-type kinetics in a heterogeneous system, in one case reflecting the temperature dependence of the maximal enzyme reaction rate, in another case illustrating the diffusion limited overall reaction at low substrate concentrations. As a consequence it may not be feasible to operate a reaction at elevated temperatures in a high conversion range, since diffusion limitation may restrict the enhancement of the overall reaction rate. Some further data are given concerning the buffer effect on the reaction rate, which should occur due to its limitation by proton transfer in the buffer-free system. PMID- 1247665 TI - [The effect of biologically active substances (acetylcholine, histamine and bradykinin) on depolarization of taenia coli smooth muscle]. AB - In experiments on the isolated strips of Taenia coli of guinea pigs it was shown that compound D-600 depressed the acetylcholine (5-10(-6), histamine (2-10(-6) and bradykinin (10(-5) gl/ml)-induced contractile response of depolarized smooth muscle. Along with depression of the drug-induced response, compound D-600 depressed the "potassium contracture". It is supposed that the mentioned agents activated the inward flow of Ca2+ ions through the membrane, but not the release of these ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1247666 TI - [Motor reactions and cardiac activity of the fetus at the end of full-term pregnancy and during labor]. AB - There are two forms of motor activity of the skeletal muscles at the last stages of internatal ontogenesis, i. e. jerky (jMA) and prolonged (PMA). Vagal regulation of the cardiac activity of the fetus associated with development of temporary hypoxemia took place before and after the JMA and the PMA. JMA and PMA occurred during labour pains when the circulation in the uterus decreased and development of JMA and PMA resulted in the compensation of temporary fetal hypoxemia. PMID- 1247667 TI - [Modeling microcirculatory disorders using an ultraviolet laser]. AB - Reactions of microvessels and mast cells to laser irradiation were studied in rat mesentery by applying the method of intravital microscopy. An ultra-violet laser (gamma=337 nm) was used. The diameter of the laser beam was changed from 2 to 100 mum. Different irradiation doses provoked either an increase of vascular permeability or thrombus formation or hemorrhage. Apart from the vascular wall injury, factors accompanying the damage of red blood cells and other cells of the blood may play a role in the process of thrombus formation. Changes of the vascular diameter and permeability after laser irradiation of mast cells are probably connected with the release of histamine and serotonin contained in them. PMID- 1247669 TI - [Changes in the acetylcholine--cholinesterase system in the dynamics of experimental boltulin poisoning]. AB - A study was made of the effect of botulin, type B, on the acetylcholine cholinesterase system. High doses of the toxin increased the level of acetylcholine in the peripheral blood nervous system, as well as in the central nervous system. Injection of DLM of the toxin results in elevation of the acetylcholine level in the peripheral nervous system. Cholinesterase activity was practically unchanged. PMID- 1247670 TI - [Microcirculatory changes in poisoning by phosphoorganic cholinesterase inhibitors]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats and rabbits; a quantitative study was made of the microcirculation, of some indices of gaseous exchange and of the acid-base balance of the blood in poisoning with phosphorus organic cholinesterase inhibitors of peripheral action GA-70. The results obtained were compared and microcirculation disturbances were found to play the leading role in the GA-70 hypoxia developing in intoxication. PMID- 1247668 TI - [Photogenic epilepsy with localization of the generator of excitation in the lateral geniculate body (the phenomenon of a determining dispatch station)]. AB - The photogenic seizure syndrome was produced in experiments on rats and cats by injection of purified tetanus toxin into the lateral geniculate body (LGB). The seizures followed light stimulus or arose spontaneously. At the intervals between the attacks every light stimulus provoked a specific photojerk. Disturbance of the inhibitory mechanisms by tetanus toxin proved to result in a rise in the LGB of a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation underlying the hyperactive determinative dispatch station causing the described photogenic epilepsy. PMID- 1247671 TI - [Electrographic manifestations of "falling asleep" in isolated cat cortex]. AB - Experiments were conducted on unrestricted cats; a study was made of the electrical activity of the neuronally isolated cortex during the wakeful hours and sleep. Transition from wakefulness to sleep was accompanied in the isolated cortex by the manifestations of drowsiness accompanied by the corresponding changes in the electrocorticogram of the isolated hemisphere. Electrographic manifestation of drowsiness in the isolated cortex depended on the time lapse after the operation and was mostly pronounced during the late period after the isolation of the cortex. PMID- 1247672 TI - [Bronchial wedge pressure in experimental pulmonary emphysema]. AB - The work of breathing and its subdivisions, pulmonary compliance, the bronchial wedge pressure, intrapleural and esophageal pressures were measured in 8 normal rabbits and in 15 rabbits with emphysema induced by intravenous injections of licopodium spores. Investigations were carried out under intravenous thiopenthal anesthesia. In normal rabbits the amplitude of the bronchial wedge pressure was on the average twice as great as the pleural and esophageal pressures. PMID- 1247673 TI - [The influence of natural inhibitors of radical reactions on autooxidation of adrenaline]. AB - In the presence of EDTA soluble antioxidants (1 muM reduced glutathion, 3 muM cystein, 1 muM ascorbic acid) inhibited the autoxidation of epinephrine at pH 10.2; as to alpha-tocopherol (40 muM) and the oxidative forms of these antioxidants - they were ineffective. The inhibitory effect of superoxide dismutase was much greater than that of the antioxidants testsd. The appearance of adrenochrome during the free radical autoxidation of epinephrine proceeded without any participation of the hydroxyl radical. PMID- 1247674 TI - [Use of Na1C14 acetate for biosynthesis of serum and organ lipid components in the early periods of experimental myocardial ischemia]. AB - The use of 1C-14 acetate for biosynthesis of lipids and their fractions (cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids) in the heart, liver, adrenals, lipoid tissue and blood serum was studied in experimental myocardial infarction on the 5th to the 30th day of the experiment. It was concluded that disturbances of lipid metabolism did not always precede myocardial infarction and acute myocardial ischemia could induce changes in lipid metabolism characteristic of atherosclerosis. PMID- 1247675 TI - [Succinate dehydrogenase activity of isolated myocardial mitochondria during chronic insufficiency]. AB - Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of the isolated mitochondria myocardial cells in chronic cardiac insufficiency was studied experimentally. The highest SDH values were found in the mitochondria of condensed type. The activity of the enzyme was low in the ordinary (orthodox) mitochondria. The medium SDH activity was registered in the intermediary type of mitochondria. The ordinary and the intermediary types of mitochondria prevailed in the fraction under study reflecting a fall of the SDH activity in the myocardial tissue. Biochemical study of the mitochondrial fraction revealed a slight dissociation between the tissue respiration and the oxidative phosphorilation. The low SDH activity values seen to indicatate the state of overstrain of the energy-producing structures. PMID- 1247676 TI - [A neurophysiologic analysis of the effect of amidopyrine at the thalamo-cortical level of the somatosensory system]. AB - Acute experiments were conducted on nonanesthetized cats; it was shown that amidopyrin (10, 20 mg/kg, intravenously) decreased the level of the background activity of the thalamic neurons, and, at the same time, increased the amplitude of the focal primary bioelectrical reactions. It is supposed that amidopyrin synchronized evoked reactions of the cells in the thalamus, as well as in the cortex. On the other hand, amidopyrin diminished the excitability of the cortical neurons participating in the interzonal connections. PMID- 1247677 TI - [The effect of neurotropic substances on the self-stimulation reaction at the thalamic level]. AB - The effect of d-amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, imipramine, phenobarbital, LSD-25, benactyzine, meprobamate, diazepam, chloridiazepoxide on the lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation of rats was investigated. D amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, imipramine decreased the threshold of selfstimulation. Meprobamate, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide failed to influence this index, but increase the intensity of self-stimulation during the threshold, the optimum and more than the optimum cirrent intensity. Benactyzine, LSD-25, phenobarbital decreased the threshold and increased the frequency of self stimulation during all the current intensities. A comparative study of the above results showed the agents of the first group to exert a direct stimulating action on the positive reinforcement system. Tranquillizers activated this system due to their depressive action on the negative reinforcement system. Benactyzine, LSD 25, phenobarbital activated the system and depressed the system of negative reinforcement. PMID- 1247678 TI - [Different sensitivities of cerebral arterial systems to noradrenaline]. AB - The tests carried out on the nonanesthetized and anesthetized cats showed noradrenaline to exert a direct influence on the cerebral vessels, increasing their tone. The drug produced different effect on the vessels of different arterial systems of the brain. Noradrenaline increased the resistance of the carotid arteries to a greater degree than in the vertebral arterial system. PMID- 1247679 TI - [Serotonin uptake by human thrombocytes as a method of screening antidepressants]. AB - Imipromine-like antidepressants (10(-7)--10(-5) M) significantly inhibited the uptake of serotonin by the human blood platelets. Among the neuroleptics haloperidol alone depressed the uptake of serotonin in the concentration of 10( 5) M. Amphetamine and cholinolytics failed to affect the uptake of serotonin even in a concentration of 10(-4) M. The data obtained supported the hypothesis on mediation of the thymoanaleptic action through the intensification of the central serotoninergic processes. Serotonin uptake by the human blood platelets can be used for screening the antidepressants. PMID- 1247680 TI - [The comparative effects of actinomycin D, imuren and hydrocortisone on interferon and antibody formation in mice]. AB - A single dose of actinomycin-D (2.5 mg/kg body wt) reduced the interferon formation 16-fold in comparison with control; as to the antibody production - it was completely abolished. Hydrocortiosone (100 mg/kg) also diminished the interferon production 16-fold, but had no effect on the production of antibodies against the virus. The effect of hydrocortisone on the antiviral immunity was similar to that of the antilymphocytic serum, whereas the action of actinomycin-D resembled the effect of the X-ray irradiation or imuran. The data obtained were consistent with the suggestion on the heterogeneity of cells, participating in the interferon production in the organism. PMID- 1247681 TI - [The relationship between the doubling time of human lung tumor volume and the labelling index]. AB - The value of the labelling index (incubation with H3-thymidine) was compared with the doubling time of tumour volume (by repeated roentgenograms) for 3 tumours of human lungs: two squamous cell carcinomas taken at various differentiation levels and a hamartoma. The minimum doubling time (178 days) was shown for the squamous cell carcinoma with a lower differentiation level and the greatest labelling index value (19.0%). Hamartoma (a non-malignant tumour of lung) displayed the longest doubling time (1250 days) and the least labelling index value (3.8%). PMID- 1247682 TI - [The effect of several neurotropic preparations on the differential character of pancreatic enzyme secretion]. AB - Chronic experiments were conducted on dogs with pancreatic fistulae; secretion of the pancreas (basal and stimulated by duodenal perfusion by acid solutions, albumin and its polypeptide hydrolysate) was investigated with consideration to its enzyme (amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin) secretion. The polypeptide hydrolysate proved to stimulate the pancreatic enzymes more than pure protein. Barbamyl, chlorpromazine and amyzyl inhibited both the basal and the stimulated secretion of the pancreas. The differential character of the pancreatic enzyme secretion was most disturbed by chlorpromazine and amizyl; this served as an evidence of the substantial role of the central adrenergic and cholinergic structures in the adaptation of the pancreatic secretion to food stimuli. PMID- 1247683 TI - [Proliferative activity of the epithelium of the rat large intestine during carcinogenesis]. AB - Labelling index and mitotic regimen in the epithelium of the rat descending colon and the ileum was studied during the tumour induction with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. One month after the beginning of the experiments there was a marked increase of abnormal mitoses (up to 51%) and a change in the proportion of the mitotic phases with the metaphase prevalence (up to 73%). Later, these parameters were unchanged. Beginning from the 3rd month of the experiment there was found an increase in the labelling index (especially, in the carcinoma in situ) and of the mitotic index. In the mucosa of the ileum (where the tumours never developed) no changes of the proliferative activity and of mitotic regimen were found. PMID- 1247684 TI - [Thyroid regeneration in dogs following its resection]. AB - Experiments were conducted on 40 dogs; one lobe of teh thyroid gland or one lobe and 2/3 of the other lobe were removed. There was no gain in weight of the remaining lobe, or of the residue of the gland's lobe. Recovery of the thyroid gland function by hypertrophy of the thyroid epithelium in its remaining portion was achieved by hyperplasia of the intracellular structures. PMID- 1247685 TI - [The effect of mechanical bone marrow damage in irradiated mice on the dispersion of endogenous colony forming units]. PMID- 1247686 TI - [The effect of hydrocortisone on DNA synthesis by sebaceous gland epithelial cells]. AB - The autoradiography method demonstrated a single injection of hydrocortisone (10 mg per 100 g of body weight) to result in suppression of the cell transition from the G1 phase of the mitotic cycle to the S phase and in prolongation of the S phase of the epithelium of the acinar portion (sebocytes) and stratified epithelium of the excretory ducts of the sebaceous gland of rats. Later, after a decrease of the proliferative processes by hydrocortisone there occurred their increase which was higher than control. Hydrocortisone induced a more pronounced effect on the proliferative activity of the stratified epithelium of the excretory ducts than on the sebocytes of the acini. PMID- 1247687 TI - [The radiosensitivity and direction of differentiation of splenic colony forming cells]. AB - Radiosensitivity of spleen CFU localized in the bone marrow and in the spleen proved to be the same. Do is about 105--120r for the CFU-forming colonies in the spleen and 120--135r for the CFU-forming colonies in the bone marrow. As suggested, there are two CFU fractions in the bone marrow. One of them is radiosensitive and another--radio-resistant. Chiefly the radiosensitive CFU fraction is the one localized in the spleen. PMID- 1247688 TI - [Study of human chromosome reproduction time using 5-bromdeoxyuridine]. AB - 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BDU) -- 20 gamma/ml, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FDU) -- 0.1 gamma/ml and uridine -- 3 gamma/ml were introduced into the lymphocyte cultures of the peripheral blood of normal persons of both sexes. Chromosome preparations were prepared in 5 hours they were stained after the incubation in the fluorochrome solution Hoechstt 33258 with a 2% Giemsa solution on phosphate buffer (pH -- 5.0). Chromosome areas with incorporated BDU stained with Giensa solution but weakly; because of this regions with late replication were seen in each chromosome in thr form of weakly stained segments. A picture of late DNA replication is described on the basis of this method in all human chromosomes. PMID- 1247689 TI - [The morphologic basis for asynchronous secretion by pancreatic cells]. AB - Electron microscopic study of the pancreas of the vertebrates showed that asynchronous secretion of the pancreatic cells was regulated by means of the cytoplasmic extrusion. The latter provided selective entrance of the initial substances from the pericapillary spaces into the cells. Cytoplasmic extrusion also regulated the passage of the hormonal and other metabolites from the intercellular spaces into the pericapillary space. PMID- 1247690 TI - [The role of adrenergic structures in the control of cerebral circulation]. AB - A study of the cerebral blood flow carried out by the thermoelectric method demonstrated that stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve led to marked changes in the cerebral blood supply. The blood flow changes were two-stage in character: an initial slight increase changed to a decrease below the initial level. Pharmacological analysis with the use of alpha- and beta-adrenoblockers showed a constrictor reaction of the cerebral vessels to be caused by excitation of the alpha-adrenoreactive structures, and the dilatator reaction - by the beta adrenoreactive structures. An opinion is put forward on a possible mechanism of these changes. PMID- 1247691 TI - [Assessment of th- quantity of mast cells in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and frogs]. AB - A method of evaluation of mast cell concentration in which all the tissues of an organ are included gives statistically significant figures. This method showed mast cell concentration in the digestive tract organs of rats and frogs to be a fixed value within a morphofunctional zone. In the tongue the mast cell concentration was the same both along its length and in the symmetrical parts of the organ. The concentration of mast cells diminished considerably from the tongue, the duodenum and down to the stomach. PMID- 1247692 TI - Contractile system function in mammalian smooth muscle. AB - The literature on the classical mechanical properties of geometrically simple mammaliam smooth muscle preparations is analyzed in an attempt to characterize the contractile system. Although the physiological behavior of smooth muscle is diverse, indices of contractile system function suggest there is considerable uniformity at this level. Compared to vertebrate striated muscles, smooth muscle tissues and possibly individual cells (i) often develop equal or greater maximum isometric force/cell cross-sectional area, with (ii) low and fairly uniform maximum shortening velocities, and (iii) operate over a range of lengths which may be no greater than the potential in striated muscle. Few details are known of filament structure, organization, interactions, and of force transmission in comparison with the extensive information on the contractile unit (sarcomere) for striated muscle. Consequently, tissue or cellular mechanical parameters may not be directly proportional to the output of the myofilamental contractile unit smooth muscle. A sliding filament mechanism involving actin-myosin interactions qualitatively similar to those in striated muscle seems probable. However, there are important quantitative differences in the contractile, apparatus which may be related to functional properties. PMID- 1247693 TI - An autoradiographic and pathological study of cellular proliferation in rabbit arteries correlated with an increase in arterial pressure. AB - Following partial constriction of the abdominal aorta, and the increase in arterial pressure in vessels proximal to the ligature at 3, 6, 14, 21, and 28 days was correlated with pathological changes and with proliferation of cells in the arterial wall measured by 3H-thymidine labeling indices and mitotic counts. The time course of arterial pressure rise and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation were similar. Patterns of proliferation of cells of the artery wall varied in distribution with time, the presence of absence of traumatic changes seen by light microscopy, and the histological structure of the vessel. Arteries not subject to hypertension did not differ from sham-operated animals. PMID- 1247695 TI - Rat aortic histamine synthesis during short-term hypertension. AB - Thoracic aortic histamine synthesis has been examined in rats rendered hypertensive for periods ranging from 1/4 to 8 days through ligation of abdominal aorta between origins of the renal arteries, in a preliminary attempt to establish whether activity of the aortic nonmast-cell histidine decarboxylase system is increased in experimental hypertension. Results indicate that aortic histamine synthesis is increased 66, 75, 96 and 55% at postsurgical intervals of 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 8 days. These data suggest at least one biochemical explanation for both increased arterial wall permeability and the arterial inflammation consistently associated with both clinical and experimental hypertension by resolving these into those associated with the prolonged inflammatory response. PMID- 1247694 TI - Digital artery blood flow and digital pad opacity during vasoconstriction. AB - Digital artery blood flows were compared with digital pad opacity pulse amplitudes in dogs during vasoconstrictor responses. A high correlation between digital artery flow and opacity pulse amplitudes occurred during infusions of epinephrine and sciatic and tibial nerve stimulations, but not during superficial fibular nerve stimulation. The results confirmed earlier findings that tibial nerve stimulation produced predominantly precapillary constriction, and that superficial fibular nerve stimulation produced predominantly postcapillary constriction. Events in precapillary vessels appeared to be responsible for the opacity pulse. This fact probably forms the basis for the close relationship between opacity pulse amplitude and blood flow. PMID- 1247696 TI - Stress relaxation in hog carotid artery as related to contractile activity. AB - The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis that stress relaxation (SR) in vascular smooth muscle is related to the amount of contractile activity (developed stress) and perhaps a property of the contractile element (CE). Using medial-intimal strips from the hog carotid artery, a strain (delta 1/l0, where l0 equals optimal length for force development) of 2% was applied at two different rates in the presence of various levels of developed or passive stress. Developed stress was altered either by changing the extracellular K-ion concentration with the strip length equal to l0 or by stimulating with a salt solution containing 30 mM KCl at various strip lengths. Passive stress was altered by varying strip length. At each level of developed or passive stress the magnitude of the increment in stress due to the strain (induced stress) and the SR were noted. SR varied directly with the magnitude of the developed stress, but there was a small and relatively unchanging amount of SR when passive stress was varied. At a given level of developed stress, the magnitude of SR was greater at a strain rate of 0.016 than at 0.001 l0/sec. When developed stress was altered, the magnitude of SR was essentially equal to the amount of induced stress; however, when passive stress was varied, SR was always less than induced stress. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the presence of developed stress, a large fraction of the SR represents the lengthening of the CE. This increased CE length allows a reequilibration of stress between the series elastic element and the contractile element. In the absence of developed stress, SR may represent a passive, physical property of this heterogeneous tissue. PMID- 1247697 TI - Depression by local cooling of 3H-norepinephrine release evoked by nerve stimulation in cutaneous veins. AB - Experiments were performed to investigate whether local cooling facilitates adrenergic neurotransmission in the cutaneous vein of the dog. Helical strips of saphenous veins were incubated with 3H-norepinephrine and mounted for isometric tension recording and superfusion. The superfusate was collected for measurement of total radioactivity or for chromatographic analysis. Electrical stimulation (2Hz) caused contraction and augmented the efflux of 3H-norepinephrine and metabolites. Cooling (from 37 to 28 degrees C) imposed during electrical stimulation caused a further increase in tension, but decreased the amount of 3H norepinephrine and metabolites overflowing into the superfusate. These experiments demonstrate that the potentiating effect of cooling on the response of cutaneous veins to sympathetic nerve stimulation is not associated with facilitation of adrenergic neurotransmission. It is probably due to an altered sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle to the transmitter. PMID- 1247698 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with a pseudoleukemic blood picture]. AB - The case of an immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with a leukaemoid reaction has been observed. All the clinical, serological and histological features described by previous authors were present. In addition, there were more than 1000000/mul nucleated peripheral cells, consisting of mature and a few immature granulocytes, a small number of normoblasts and many lymphocytes, "immunoblast-like" lymphoid cells and plasma cells. Polyclonality of the latter was demonstrated by serological methods. Spontaneous remission occurred and was apparently enhanced by the application of corticosteroids. PMID- 1247699 TI - [Significance of photometric demonstration of variations in platelet form during aggregation caused by ADP: reality or artefact]. AB - After a short theoretical recall concerning the problem of light scattering, the author presents some experimental studies about the variations of light intensity scattered by platelets during ADP induced aggregation. In contrast to the reports by Born and Michal, experimental demonstration is given, showing that these variations cannot be interpreted in term of shape change, as no theoretical basis supports these phenomea. PMID- 1247700 TI - [Morphological phase-contrast cinematographic studies on the behavior of bone marrow cells in vitro. X. Myeloblasts and monoblasts]. AB - The myeloblast is nearly of the same size as the lymphozyte and has the same nucleus cytoplasma ratio of 0.7 but differs from it in its morphology, its high frequency of multiplication, and by its kinetic behaviour. By phase contrast observation the transformation of the myeloblast into the promyelocyte has been seen several times. The myeloblast like the lymphocyte is able to move although at a much slower speed. By locomotion the myeloblast, and likewise the lymphocyte can move between blood and bone marrow. Of the granulocytopoietic series only the promyelocyte and the myelocyte with their nuclear cytoplasm relation of 0.3 are found in the bone marrow. The monoblast but is about twice its size, and moves less often. Apart from its transformation into promonocyte, monocyte and histiocyte, the monoblast may evalue in another way: it grows into a cell of doubled size with the same nucleus cytoplasm ratio 0.7 in whose cytoplasm are seen a lot of big granules. The cell may now be characterized as a tissue macrophage or mastcell. In consequence a frequently multiplying basophilic cell with a coarse nuclear structure and nucleoli, grows from a diameter of 6.5 to one of 13.0 mum without marked morphologic change apart from becoming alpha-NA Esterase positive and acquiring big lysosomes. When this haemocytoblast is small (K 1/4 to K 1/2), it can be triggered into the granulocytopoietic series, when it is bigger (K 1/2 to K1) into the monocytopoietic series, or in the size K1 to K2 by erythropoietin into the erythropoietic series. If no triggering takes place, the cell degenerates after having granulated. The lymphopoietic system is not connected to this system of stem cells committed to the granulocytopoietic, the monocytopoietic and the erythropoietic series. Therefore we postulate a dual haematopoietic system. In acute leukemias the spread of size of cells and nuclei is wider and kinetically active stem cells are rarer. Only leukemic promyelocytes are in locomotion vividly, in contrast to the normal ones. In leukemic myeloblasts there are fewer mitoses than in normal ones, but in leukemic promyelocytes and monoblasts the mitotic frequency is not reduced. PMID- 1247701 TI - [Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of transfusion reactions]. PMID- 1247702 TI - [Harvesting of granulocytes for granulocyte transfusion by means of continuous flow centrifugation or filtration leukapheresis]. AB - More than 10(10) viable granulocytes are necessary for a therapeutical effective granulocyte transfusion. This number of cells can be harvested from normal donors by two techniques basing on different principles: continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) and filtration leucapheresis (FL). Our studies demonstrated that, under certain special conditions, the separation potentials of both methods are comparable yielding 2.5 to 3.0 X 10(10) granulocytes within 4 hrs. Granulocyte collection rate was optimal if donors were treated with dexamethasone during 16 hrs prior to the state of the procedure. However, the costs of CFC exceed those of FL by a factor of about two. The increased occurrence of side effects attributed to the transfusion of FL-granulocytes can be reduced to the level of CFC-granulocytes by repetitive filtration-elution leucapheresis minimizing cell damage. The studies define the efficiency spectrum of CFC which in addition to granulocyte separation includes collection of thrombocytes, cells for immunotherapy, and plasmapheresis. PMID- 1247703 TI - Automation--planning to implementation; the problems en route. AB - Once the major decision to automate library processes is made, there are a variety of problems which may be encountered before the planned system becomes operational. These include problems of personnel, budget, procurement of adjunct services, institutional priorities, and manufacturing uncertainties. Actual and potential difficulties are discussed. PMID- 1247704 TI - Medical serials control systems by computer--a state of the art review. AB - A review of the problems encountered in serials control systems is followed by a description of some of the present-day attempts to solve these problems. Specific networks are described, notably PHILSOM (developed at Washington University School of Medicine Library), the UCLA Biomedical Library's system, and OCLC in Columbus, Ohio. Finally, the role of minicomputers in present and future developments is discussed, and some cautious guesses are made on future directions in the field. PMID- 1247706 TI - Computer-stored faculty publication file using the MT/ST in a medium-sized medical center library. AB - The Bowman Gray School of Medicine Library has implemented a computerized faculty publication file adapted from an existing system that utilized a Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter for catalog card production and computer storage. The faculty publication file has provided printouts for the school's annual report and monthly faculty bulletins. After the data for all faculty bibliographies have been stored in the file, it will be possible to retrieve complete author and departmental listings. The file will be continuously updated by adding current citations and the bibliographies of new faculty members and by deleting data when faculty members leave the staff. PMID- 1247707 TI - MEDLINE services to the developing countries. AB - Supplying MEDLINE services to a widely dispersed user population in the developing countries creates numerous problems not encountered by other MEDLINE centres. The inability to interact with the user complicates system promotion and makes search formulation sometimes a gamble. Nevertheless, an evaluation survey has shown high user satisfaction. Of great concern is the still inadequate solution of document delivery. Near-term objectives are the broadening of geographic coverage and the integration of search processing with supporting hard copy supply. PMID- 1247705 TI - Evolution of a processing system in a large biomedical library. AB - The processing system used in the UCLA Biomedical Library is modest in size and still under development. Its origins date back to a batch mode serials control system begun in the mid-1960s. This was converted to an on-line system which currently has modules for check-in, updating and retrieval, claims, bindery preparation, and invoice information. Titles can be retrieved at the terminal by search of any word in the title, by subject heading, language, country of publication, and type of publication. The system is adaptable to network use and at present is shared with one other library. To the serials system has been added a computer-assisted cataloging and card production system. The latter utilizes serials nucleus software as well as design for data input and data storage. In house listings and coding procedures overlap in a general way. Work is under way on further integration of the two processing subsystems and a feasibility study has been completed for addition of a subsystem for acquisitions which will combine and adapt features of the other two; for example, information retrieval characteristics from both, catalog coding and programs for acceptance of data, serials programs for claims, and other output programs. Cost benefits of the subsystems are described and discussed. PMID- 1247708 TI - Conversion of the periodical collection in a teaching hospital library to microfilm format. AB - The Martland Hospital Library converted many of its periodical backfiles to 16 mm microfilm cartridges. Some details of program implementation, user reactions, costs, and problems are discussed. In a teaching hospital library microfilm in cartridge format has been well accepted by patrons, in part because the need to read from a projection screen has been minimized by granting liberal printing privileges. PMID- 1247709 TI - A hospital library building program. AB - A building program for a 400-bed hospital library was developed by formulating a list of questions that would help to clarify an understanding of the library's needs, by visiting nearby libraries in similar institutions, and by preparing a program planning guide. PMID- 1247711 TI - Automated cataloging: the state of the art. AB - The art of cataloging is in a state of constant dynamic change. The capabilities of automation are causing changes in the tools we have at our disposal, the education and training we need to work with these tools, the caliber of staff we use at various stages of the cataloging process, and the physical form of the end product of the efforts of the catalog department. But perhaps of more importance is the cooperation and sharing between libraries on both the national and international level that become possible as the result of automated systems. PMID- 1247710 TI - The Medical Library Association commemorative medal, 1898-1976. PMID- 1247712 TI - Use of the OCLC system in a hospital library. PMID- 1247713 TI - Use of multiple data bases in bibliographic servies. PMID- 1247714 TI - Editorial: What about the real problems? PMID- 1247715 TI - Jejunal mucosal abnormalities in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration. AB - Jejunal biopsies in 33 patients with troublesome recurrent aphthous ulceration seen over one year showed eight with flat mucosa compatible with coeliac disease. All remitted completely on a gluten-free diet, both clinically and haematologically, and the aphthous ulceration did not recur. Gluten sensitivity is aetiologically important in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration and flat mucosa, and patients with recurrent ulceration should undergo jejunal biopsy. PMID- 1247716 TI - Logical approach to lignocaine therapy. AB - Plasma lignocaine concentrations were measured during and after lignocaine infusions administered for suppressing ventricular dysrhythmias. Twenty-four patients with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction without gross circulatory disturbance received, after a bolus of lignocaine, either 4 mg/min for 30 minutes, 2 mg/min for two hours, then 1 mg/min thereafter or 1 mg/min throughout. The higher dose regimen produced continous therapeutic levels of lignocaine, which were achieved only after four hours by the lower dose. On the other hand, in patients who had undergone cardiac surgery and who had circulatory and heptic dysfunction the lower dose regimen achieved therapeutic levels early. The plasma half life was longer in the surgical group (P less than 0.02). The higher initial infusion rate is recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction without gross circulatory impairment. PMID- 1247717 TI - Recovery after "lethal" quantity of paint remover. PMID- 1247718 TI - Intestinal obstruction complicating orphenadrine treatment. PMID- 1247719 TI - Decreased sebum excretion in chronic renal failure. PMID- 1247720 TI - Medical manpower: I-how much can ancillaries take over? Working paper. The tale of two committees or the perils of prediction. PMID- 1247721 TI - Tuberculosis infection in a paediatric department. AB - Sputum-positive tuberculosis was diagnosed in a member of the medical staff of a paediatric department. Four children were infected, all suffering from debilitating diseases. Three of them had evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Eighty-two infants in the baby care unit during the eight weeks before the diagnosis of the index case were given insurance isoniazid treatment. None developed tuberculosis. Whereas nearly all the non-medical adult contacts were traced and examined, fewer than half the medical contacts attended for chest radiography. All babies in the pre-allergic phase of contact, and all children whose natural immunity is likely to be depressed, should receive antituberculosis insurance chemotheraphy. PMID- 1247722 TI - Consultant paediatric clinics in group practice. PMID- 1247723 TI - Hospital admissions for peptic ulcer during 1958-72. AB - Unpublished data from the Hospital In-patient Enquiry in England, Wales, and Scotland between 1958 and 1972 show that the frequency of admissions to hospital for peptic ulcer, particularly gastric ulcer, has fallen. This seems more likely to have been due to a true fall in the incidence of ulcer than to changes in treatment. Some three times as many people are admitted to hospital with duodenal ulcer in the north as in the south, but the frequency of admissions for gastric ulcer seems to vary little. The reasons for these differences are not understood. PMID- 1247724 TI - Editorial: Antibiotic treatment in kidneys of unequal function. PMID- 1247725 TI - Letter: Geriatric patients in acute medical wards. PMID- 1247726 TI - Letter: Biopsy of nasopharynx as a staging procedure in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1247727 TI - Letter: Paraquat poisoning. PMID- 1247728 TI - Letter: Effect of smoking on carboxyhaemoglovin level in pregnancy. PMID- 1247729 TI - Letter: British postgraduate qualifications in India. PMID- 1247730 TI - Letter: Prevalence of thyroid disease in the elderly sick. PMID- 1247731 TI - Editorial: Laboratory proficiency. PMID- 1247732 TI - Jolly fat: relation between obesity and psychoneurosis in general population. AB - The relation between fatness and aspects of psychological status was investigated in a representative sample (339 men and 400 women) of a middle-aged suburban population. A significant positive relation was found between substantial obesity and low levels of anxiety (in men and women) and depression (in men). PMID- 1247733 TI - Editorial: Asylums are still needed. PMID- 1247734 TI - Editorial: Operation baby lift. PMID- 1247735 TI - Editorial: Doctor abroad? PMID- 1247736 TI - Editorial: Thyroid cancer. PMID- 1247737 TI - Editorial: Maternal mortality. PMID- 1247738 TI - Editorial: Obituary for fascia lata heart valves. PMID- 1247739 TI - Editorial: Getting postgraduate education right. PMID- 1247740 TI - Severity of notified whooping cough. AB - An analysis was made of the severity of over 8000 cases of whooping cough notified from October 1974 to March 1975. Ten per cent of these patients were admitted to hospital and there were 10 deaths. Severity was directly related to age, the disease being most severe in children under 1 year, especially those under 6 months. There was some evidence that previous vaccination reduced the severity of the disease, but the vaccination programme does not cover very young children, and for them whooping cough is a dangerous disease. PMID- 1247741 TI - Experience of coronary care in diabetes. AB - During 1968-1973, 94 patients with diabetes were admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) on 99 occasions with proved myocardial infarction. Altogether 24 of them (25-5%) died, giving an overall mortality at the time of discharge of 24% for the total admissions. This was just significantly higher than the 19% mortality recorded among non-diabetics treated in the same period but was much lower than that among diabetics treated for myocardial infarction before the advent of CCUs. No definite correlation was found between the type of anti-diabetic treatment and either mortality or the incidence of primary ventricular fibrillation. Patients with "poor" control of the diabetes before admission showed a significantly higher mortality than those with "good" control, but there was no significant difference in mortality between those with previous good control and non diabetics. PMID- 1247742 TI - Attack rates of notified whooping cough in immunised and unimmunised children. AB - The incidence of whooping cough among immunised children under the age of six and among children of the same age who were not fully immunised was ascertained by analysing whooping-cough notifications from several health authorities. In the first three years of the study the results showed that attack rates were much higher in children who were not fully immunised than in those who were. This finding suggests that current vaccines provide young children with substantial protection against whooping cough. PMID- 1247743 TI - Recoverable organic psychosis after hypopituitary coma. PMID- 1247744 TI - How many doctors are needed in general practice? PMID- 1247745 TI - Hospital medical staffing. PMID- 1247746 TI - Genitourinary tuberculosis: study of 20 patients. AB - In the past year 20 new cases of genitourinary tuberculosis were referred for treatment at Wrightington Hospital. Many of these patients had waited a long time between diagnosis and referral and the start of effective treatment. We suggest that a new short course of chemotherapy should be used, and surgery undertaken during the first three months of treatment, but after the patient has had at least four weeks' drug treatment. After chemotherapy follow-up may be reduced to two years. Genitourinary tuberculosis remains a serious disease and should be managed by a urologist. PMID- 1247747 TI - Social network diagram. AB - A diagram that shows at a glance the social network and support of patients was found useful in a follow-up study of patients with strokes. We believe that the diagram would prove valuable in medical case records and should be an essential part of medical-social reports, particularly for patients at risk of losing their independence. PMID- 1247748 TI - Letter: Pharmacogenic shoplifting? PMID- 1247749 TI - Letter: Selective induction of labour. PMID- 1247750 TI - Letter: Vesicoureteral reflux and its familial distribution. PMID- 1247752 TI - Letter: Dependence on antiparkinsonian drugs. PMID- 1247751 TI - Letter: Carrier solutions for low-level intravenous insulin infusion. PMID- 1247753 TI - Letter: Laboratory diagnosis of malaria. PMID- 1247754 TI - Letter: SLE precipitated by antibiotics in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 1247755 TI - Letter: Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in Britain. PMID- 1247756 TI - Letter: "Corrected" calcium concept. PMID- 1247757 TI - Letter: Prophylactic treatment of postgonococcal urethritis. PMID- 1247758 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of pericardial effusion by echocardiography. PMID- 1247759 TI - Letter: Gastric ulcer--short-term healing and long-term response. PMID- 1247760 TI - Letter: Steroids and common skin diseases. PMID- 1247762 TI - Editorial: Computers and privacy. PMID- 1247761 TI - Editorial: Cell life and death in human tumours. PMID- 1247763 TI - Editorial: Hyperthyroidism of hydatidiform mole. PMID- 1247764 TI - Editorial: An unnecessary risk to children. PMID- 1247765 TI - Editorial: Reservoir ileostomies. PMID- 1247766 TI - Editorial: Control of smallpox. PMID- 1247767 TI - Editorial: Plasticity in the nervous system. PMID- 1247768 TI - Intestinal absorption in normal Indian and English people. AB - The absorption of glycine, glycylglycine, water, and electrolytes was studied by intestinal perfusion in normal Indian and English people. Compared with the English people the Indians showed impaired absorption of all four substances. In the Indians the absorption of glycine and glycylglycine was impaired to the same extent, so that the kinetic advantage of glycylglycine as compared with glycine was preserved. The reduced absorption in the Indians may be the functional counterpart of the minor morphological changes seen in the jejunal mucosa of people living in southern India. PMID- 1247769 TI - Plasma prednisolone levels after administration of prednisolone-21-phosphate as a retention enema in colitis. AB - A competitive protein-binding assay was used to measure plasma prednisolone levels after administration of prednisolone-21-phosphate retention enemas to seven patients with colitis. Prednisolone appeared in the plasma of all patients after the enema, and concentrations rose to a peak within three hours. In five of the patients plasma prednisolone levels were also measured after the same dose of prednisolone by mouth. Although in individual patients the plasma levels achieved by enema were often quite different from those achieved by mouth, overall the levels achieved by each mode of administration were of a similar order. These findings suggest that 20 mg prednisolone given by retention enema may well exert a systemic effect. PMID- 1247770 TI - Do placebos alter sleep? AB - Deliberate suggestion that an inert capsule was a sleeping pill was found not to influence subjective ratings of sleep quality or anxiety or the electrophysiologically recorded features of sleep in 10 volunteers aged 41-62 years. PMID- 1247772 TI - Pseudo-obstruction due to clonidine. PMID- 1247771 TI - Genetic diabetes not linked to the HLA locus. PMID- 1247773 TI - Polycythaemia in androgen-dependent aplastic anaemia. PMID- 1247774 TI - Successful treatment of pneumatosis coli with oxygen. PMID- 1247775 TI - Ocular toxicity due to rifampicin. PMID- 1247776 TI - Warfarin and Distalgesic interaction. PMID- 1247777 TI - Importance of patient selection in evaluating a cardiac ambulance service. AB - All patients brought to hospital by a special cardiac ambulance were followed up and compared with patients carried by routine ambulances to assess the effectiveness of a cardiac ambulance service. The overall mortality of patients with heart attacks was 51% among those carried by an ordinary ambulance and 40% among those carried by the cardiac ambulance. The apparently low mortality in the latter group was balanced, however, by a high mortality (68%) among patients carried by ordinary ambulances when the cardiac ambulance was available but not used; these patients tended to have a short duration of symptoms and heart attacks away from home, and their ambulance was more often called by a member of the public than a general practitioner. It seems therefore that low-risk cases were inadvertently selected for transport by the cardiac ambulance; such unintentional selection makes it difficult to evaluate a cardiac ambulance service. PMID- 1247778 TI - Letter from Finland. Same goals-different philosophy. PMID- 1247779 TI - Angiographic appearance of carotid bifurcation in pateints with completed stroke, transient ischaemic attacks, and cerebral tumour. AB - The angiographic appearance of the carotid bifurcation was compared in groups of patients aged 50-59 suffering from transient ischaemic attacks (40 cases), cerebral infarction with completed stroke (44 cases), and cerebral hemisphere tumour (66 cases). Carotid occlusion was found in 14% of those with infarcts and 5% of those with transient ischaemic attacks. Carotid stenosis was found in 40% of those with ischaemic attacks and 14% of those with infarcts. Minor irregularity of the carotid arterial wall was equally common in all three groups. PMID- 1247781 TI - Letter: A place to be born. PMID- 1247780 TI - Why do people use paracetamol for suicide? AB - A questionnaire to assess motives for choosing paracetamol as a suicidal agent was completed by 107 patients admitted after an overdose of the drug. None of the 48 patients interviewed would have chosen paracetamol had they known that there would be an interval of two to three days before the onset of serious symptoms. Only five of the patients had obtained the drug on prescription, but the remainder had obtained it easily from a retail pharmacy. There was no apparent reason for the preference for paracetamol. It would be difficult to restrict the availability of paracetamol, and educating the public about the effects of an overdose would be more appropriate. PMID- 1247782 TI - Letter: Dyslexia. PMID- 1247783 TI - Letter: Paradoxical rise in blood pressure during propranolol treatment. PMID- 1247784 TI - Letter: Effect of junior doctors' action on self-poisoning. PMID- 1247785 TI - Letter: Treatment of whooping cough. PMID- 1247786 TI - Letter: "Corrected" calcium concept. PMID- 1247787 TI - Letter: Medical writing. PMID- 1247788 TI - Letter: Commercial and NHS factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 1247789 TI - Letter: Long-stay mental hospital population. PMID- 1247790 TI - Letter: The third man. PMID- 1247791 TI - Letter: Ischaemic necrosis of lesser curve of stomach. PMID- 1247792 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 1247793 TI - Letter: Lactic acidosis after glucose infusion. PMID- 1247794 TI - Letter: Cancer statistics. PMID- 1247795 TI - Letter: Modern obstetrics and the general practitioner. PMID- 1247796 TI - Letter: Hypothermia associated with nitrazepam administration. PMID- 1247797 TI - Letter: Ethics of industrial action. PMID- 1247798 TI - Letter: Intravenous cytarabine in treatment of herpes zoster in haematological malignancy. PMID- 1247799 TI - Letter: Non-GP clinical assistants and the hospital practitioner grade. PMID- 1247801 TI - Editorial: Doctors and driving licences. PMID- 1247800 TI - Editorial: High-titre hepatitis B immune globulin. PMID- 1247802 TI - Editorial: Autoantibodies in breast cancer. PMID- 1247803 TI - Editorial: Segregated smokers. PMID- 1247804 TI - Editorial: Early detection of growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 1247805 TI - Editorial: Nucleus hospitals. PMID- 1247806 TI - Radiotherapy and adjuvant combination chemotherapy for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - The treatment of children with rhabdomyosarcoma by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy has resulted in an improved disease-free survival time. Of 11 children with regional disease eight (72%) remained well, with no evidence of disease, four to 36 months after diagnosis. Chemotherapy for one year with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide was well tolerated during and after radical radiotherapy and surgery. The natural history of this malignancy has been altered in these patients when compared with that in a historical group of 17 children, only two of whom remain alive. There has been no serious short-term toxicity so far. PMID- 1247807 TI - Support for varicose veins. AB - A method has been devised to allow reliable comparison of different strengths and constructions of support hosiery. Five garments were evaluated for the compression they exerted on the leg and their ability to limit the distension of a model varicose vein. Stockings and tights which provide modest compression can achieve worthwhile control of vein distension. PMID- 1247809 TI - Primary gout affecting the sternoclavicular joint. PMID- 1247808 TI - Late sucessful treatment of splenic rupture in a haemophilic boy. AB - The recognition of traumatic splenic rupture in an 11-year-old severely affected haemophilic boy was delayed for over five weeks. Splenectomy was carried out successfully after the demonstration of splenic rupture by an isotope spleen scan. Splenic rupture is difficult to differentiate from more simple causes of retroperitoneal haematomata in haemophiliacs when there is no massive acute peritoneal bleeding, but it may be identified with isotopic spleen scans so long as the possibility of rupture is borne in mind. PMID- 1247810 TI - Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy. PMID- 1247811 TI - Problems of childhood. Consultation, diagnosis, and management. PMID- 1247812 TI - Letter: Medical manpower. PMID- 1247813 TI - Letter: Parathyroid hormone assay. PMID- 1247814 TI - Letter: Hospitals for the developing world. PMID- 1247815 TI - Letter: A place to be born. PMID- 1247816 TI - Letter: Carrier solutions for low-level intravenous insulin infusion. PMID- 1247817 TI - Letter: Antipsychiatrists and ECT. PMID- 1247818 TI - Letter: Cancer statistics. PMID- 1247819 TI - Letter: HLA antigens in haemochromatosis. PMID- 1247820 TI - Letter: Medical aspects of North Sea oil. PMID- 1247821 TI - Letter: Role of community hospitals. PMID- 1247822 TI - Letter: Immunisation against whooping cough. PMID- 1247823 TI - Letter: Low-dose heparin and the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease. PMID- 1247825 TI - Letter: Effect of levodopa on Parkinsonian tremor. PMID- 1247824 TI - Letter: Management of babies with diarrhoea. PMID- 1247827 TI - Letter: Trial by traction. PMID- 1247826 TI - Letter: Low-protein diets in chronic renal failure. PMID- 1247828 TI - Letter: Incurable patients bill. PMID- 1247829 TI - Breaking the chain of causation. PMID- 1247830 TI - Editorial: Changing patterns of cancer. PMID- 1247831 TI - Editorial: Peripartum cardiac failure. PMID- 1247832 TI - Editorial: Misleading statistics. PMID- 1247833 TI - Editorial: IUDs and heavy periods. PMID- 1247834 TI - Further decline of breast-feeding. AB - In a personal survey, by structured interview, we have investigated some of the factors which led 100 healthy mothers (63 primiparae) to decide to breast-feed their healthy babies, and 100 comparable mothers (43 primiparae) to decide to bottle-feed. Past experience (either personal or that of their family and friends) was of considerable but not overriding importance, and the decisions were apparently made surprisingly early in most cases. But much more effective educational approaches are needed, perhaps starting in the schools, and concentrated in the antenatal clinic, to allow mothers to reach the right decision for themselves and their babies. The reasons for early cessation of breast-feeding were also investigated, and suggested that those mothers opting for breast-feeding need better technical information and support. PMID- 1247835 TI - Mothers' attitudes in infant feeding at Newcastle General Hospital in summer 1975. AB - Two-hundred successively delivered mothers were asked about their attitudes towards feeding their babies, the influences on them, and their personal and social backgrounds. Initially 39% intended to breast-feed, though in the first few weeks many gave up. Choosing to breast-feed, and success in doing so, were strongly associated with higher social class. The commonest reason given by those who chose the bottle was the embarrassment of breast-feeding. Efforts to increase the numbers of mothers choosing to breast-feed should concentrate on those mothers who remain undecided on their method of feeding. If they are to breast feed their babies successfully they will need careful advice and support both before and after delivery. PMID- 1247836 TI - Ballbearing-bomb injuries. AB - Ballbearings from terrorist bombs produce entrance wounds remarkably similar to those caused by bullets. This may be a source of confusion to both surgeons and pathologists. PMID- 1247837 TI - Changes in immune status in patients undergoing splenectomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The immune status of 17 patients with Hodgkin's disease was studied before and after splenectomy (undertaken in staging laparotomy) and during chemotherapy or after radiotherapy. The findings were compared with those in 19 patients not selected for splenectomy. Serum IgA and IgM levels became significantly lower after treatment in the splenectomy group. Cell-mediated immunity was depressed mainly in patients receiving quadruple cytotoxic chemotherapy. Neutrophil function was normal or enhanced and was unchanged after splenectomy and treatment despite changes in neutrophil counts. Three patients who underwent splenectomy suffered fatal septicaemia. These results suggest that humoral immunity is depressed by treatment in patients who have undergon splenectomy, and the benefits of early accurate staging must be weighed against the likelihood of infective complications. PMID- 1247838 TI - Attempted suicide in labour. PMID- 1247839 TI - Myxoedema and hydrocele. PMID- 1247840 TI - Specialist registration: a critical look at the proposals of the Merrison report. AB - In the general euphoria over the many views in the Merrison Report that the profession welcomed too little attention has been paid to what has been said about specialist registration. The report contains several basic confusions and a serious misunderstanding of the nature of specialist medical training and practice. It makes several cardinal errors in thinking that some notorious problems related to NHS staffing are also related to a lack of an effective specialist register, and it shows how the creation of such a register would largely destroy the authority of the colleges and faculties. Nowhere in the report is there any convincing argument to show that specialist registration would confer advantages sufficient to outweigh the disadvantages. To let specialist registration in the UK slip in on the irrelevant coat tails of EEC requirements would be a grave dereliction of the long-term interests of medical practice and patient care. The General Medical Council is holding a conference in which this topic is to be discussed on 24 February 1976 and it is still not too late for the profession to think again on this topic. PMID- 1247841 TI - General physician and specialist training in thoracic medicine. PMID- 1247842 TI - Endocrine and metabolic diseases. Treatment of thyroid diseases--II. Goitre. PMID- 1247843 TI - Letter: Women in medicine. PMID- 1247844 TI - Letter: Dispersal of biliary calculi by irrigation. PMID- 1247845 TI - Letter: Failure to confirm anticonvulsant hypomagnesaemia. PMID- 1247846 TI - Letter: Prevalence of gall stones in Dundee, 1974-5. PMID- 1247847 TI - Letter: Renal masses and ultrasound. PMID- 1247848 TI - Letter: A place to be born. PMID- 1247849 TI - Effect of junior doctors' action on self-poisoning. PMID- 1247851 TI - Editorial: Preventing animal diseases. PMID- 1247850 TI - Letter: Chromosome damage produced by psoralen and ultraviolet light. PMID- 1247852 TI - Editorial: First aid in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1247854 TI - Editorial: Vaginal candidosis. PMID- 1247853 TI - Editorial: Whither scabies? PMID- 1247855 TI - Editorial: Rib pain. PMID- 1247856 TI - Editorial: Liquor licensing and public health. PMID- 1247857 TI - Effect of intravenous infusion of salbutamol on ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and hypoxia and on heart rate and plasma potassium in normal men. AB - Intravenous infusion of salbutamol 10 mug/min in seven healthy subjects significantly increased their ventilatory responses to inhaled CO2 in both hypoxia and hyperoxia. These changes in chemical control of breathing are unlikely to be significant when the drug is used in severe asthma but may benefit patients with acute exacerbations of chronic ventilatory failure. The infusion also increased heart rate, which was most pronounced when hypoxia was combined with hypercapnia. The infusion produced an average fall in plasma potassium from 3-99 to 3-10 mmol/l, which was associated with an increase in plasma glucose and serum insulin, suggesting that this arose from a shift of potassium from the extracellular to the intracellular space. Routine monitoring of plasma potassium and the electrocardiogram is indicated when an intravenous salbutamol infusion is used to treat severe asthma as the drug may predispose to cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 1247858 TI - Deficiency of factor B of the complement system in sickle cell anaemia. AB - Factors B and D as well as the total activity of the alternative pathway of complement activation were measured using a functional assay in sera from 29 patients with sickle cell anaemia and 18 normal controls. Total alternative pathway activity was reduced in the patients compared with controls. In patients with abnormally low total alternative pathway activity factor D levels were normal, whereas factor B levels were significantly depressed to a mean level of about half of normal. Regression analysis in patients also showed a significant relation between total alternative pathway activity and factor B levels. A deficiency of factor B is the likely cause of the defect in the complement system in patients with sickle cell anaemia. Such a defect may contribute to the excessive proneness of such patients to severe infection. PMID- 1247859 TI - Secondary amyloidosis due to Schistosoma mansoni infection. AB - Four children with Schistosoma mansoni infection and the nephrotic syndrome with varying degrees of renal dysfunction were found on histological examination to have amyloidosis. In one boy who had no evidence of renal failure complete clinical regression of his nephrotic syndrome and almost complete disappearance of renal amyloid deposits followed adequate treatment of his schistosomal infection. Conditions known to cause secondary amyloidosis were excluded in all four patients. Amyloidosis in association with mansoni infection is probably more common than is currently recognised. Early treatment of the infection, before renal function becomes impaired, may result in regression of the amyloidosis. PMID- 1247860 TI - Normotensive phaeochromocytoma with hypercalcaemia: correction after adrenalectomy. PMID- 1247861 TI - Early diagnosis of cancer in the head and neck. PMID- 1247862 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain in children. PMID- 1247863 TI - Letters from...Denmark. Paying for medicine. PMID- 1247864 TI - Endocrine and metabolic disease. Obesity. PMID- 1247865 TI - Letter: Long-term postinfarction treatment with practolol. PMID- 1247866 TI - Letter: A place to be born. PMID- 1247867 TI - Letter: Immunisation against whooping cough. PMID- 1247868 TI - Letter: It's a baby. PMID- 1247869 TI - Letter: Steatorrhoea complicating therapy with mefenamic acid. PMID- 1247871 TI - Letter: Propanidid in dysrrhythmias. PMID- 1247870 TI - Letter: Hazards of cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients with meningitis. PMID- 1247872 TI - Letter: Segregated smokers. PMID- 1247873 TI - Letter: Lesser curve necrosis after proximal vagotomy. PMID- 1247874 TI - Letter: Management of uraemic pericarditis. PMID- 1247875 TI - Regeneration of central cholinergic neurones in the adult rat brain. AB - The regrowth of lesioned central acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive axons in the adult rat was studied in irides implanted to two different brain sites: in the caudal diencephalon and hippocampus, and in the hippocampal fimbria. At both implantation sites the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathways were transected. At 2-4 weeks after lesion, newly formed, probably sprouting fibres could be followed in abundance from the lesioned proximal axon stumps into the iris transplant. Growth of newly formed AChE-positive fibres into the transplant was also observed from lesioned axons in the anterior thalamus, and to a minor extent also from the dorsal and ventral tegmental AChE-positive pathways and the habenulo interpeduncular tract. The regrowth process of the sprouting AChE-positive, presumed cholinergic fibres into the iris target was studied in further detail in whole-mount preparations of the transplants. For this purpose the irides were removed from the brain, unfolded, spread out on microscope slides, and then stained for AChE. During the first 2-4 weeks after transplantation the sprouting central fibres grew out over large areas of the iris. The new fibres branched profusely into a terminal plexus that covered maximally about half of the iris surface, and in some areas the patterning of the regenerated central fibres mimicked closely that of the normal autonomic cholinergic innervation of the iris. In one series of experiments the AChE-staining was combined with fluorescence histochemical visualization of regenerated adrenergic fibres in the same specimens. In many areas there was a striking congruence in the distributional patterns of the regenerated central cholinergic and adrenergic fibres in the transplant. This indicates that - as in the normal iris - the sprouting cholinergic axons (primarily originating in the lesioned septo hippocampal pathways) and adrenergic axons (primarily originating in the lesioned axons of the locus neurones) regenerate together along the deneravated Schwann cell sheaths. From a comparison between the central reinnervation process and the process of reinnervation of the iris by peripheral cholinergic axons after transplantation to the anterior eye chamber, it is concluded that the regenerative capacity of central cholinergic neurones (above all the septo hippocampal system) is not much inferior to that of their peripheral counterparts when given similar growth conditions. Moreover, central cholinergic neurones seem partly able to replace the peripheral ones in the reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target. PMID- 1247876 TI - Transport of L-proline by rat brain slices. AB - L-Proline is taken up into slices of rat cerebral cortex by a structurally specific 'high affinity' system which is absolutely dependent on sodium ions. The system mediating L-proline uptake in homogenates of cerebral cortex is associated with osmotically sensitive particles of the same equilibrium density as synaptosomes. Based on tissue-medium ratios, the uptake of L-proline is most efficient in slices of cerebral cortex and of hypothalamus, and least efficient in slices of cerebellum. L-Proline taken up into slices of cerebral cortex can be released from these slices by an increased potassium ioort into and out of brain slices are consistent with L-proline functioning as a synaptic transmitter in that they are analogous to observations on the transport of transmitter amino acids such as GABA. PMID- 1247877 TI - Somatosensory representation in the vestibulocerebellum. PMID- 1247878 TI - The startle reflex and PGO spikes. PMID- 1247879 TI - Oxygen availability and blood flow in the temporal lobes during spontaneous epileptic seizures in man. PMID- 1247880 TI - The effect of reticular stimulation on spontaneous and evoked activity in the cat visual cortex. AB - The mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) of cats anesthetized with N2O was stimulated electrically, and the effects of this stimulation on activity in the striate cortex were studied. The variations of intra- and extracellularly recorded unit activity and the changes in the extracellular potassium concentration were investigated. At all levels of analysis the prevailing effect of MRF stimulation was facilitation. Half of the cells reacted with brief bursts of activity to reticular stimuli. A decrease of resting activity was rare. The cells activated by MRF stimulation had in common: (1) to show a high degree of excitatory convergence from extrinsic and intrinsic afferents, (2) to possess often corticofugal axons, and (3) to have preferentially complex receptive fields. In the large majority of cortical cells MRF stimulation facilitated responses evoked by stimulation of the optic radiation or by light stimuli. This facilitation could lead to a loss of orientation and direction selectivity. Reticular activation further led to a large increase of the extracellular potassium concentration, whereas stimulation of specific afferents led to a decrease. It is concluded that these phenomena are not merely a consequence of altered thalamic transmission, but are caused by a projection system which is organized in parallel to the specific projection and exerts a direct control over cortical excitability. The mechanism for this control appears to be a slight and rather unselective depolarization of most neurons. If disinhibitory processes are involved at all, their role is much less prominent than at the thalamic level. The functional implications of such an unselective but powerful modulation of cortical excitability are discussed in respect to corollary reticular activation as it occurs with rapid eye movements. PMID- 1247881 TI - Antagonism of cortical excitation of striatal neurons by glutamic acid diethyl ester: evidence for glutamic acid as an excitatory transmitter in the rat striatum. AB - Rat striatal cells that were excited by cortical stimulation were found to respond to cortical stimulation with an average latency of 12 msec. Each response consisted of a variable number of spikes with, on the average, a less than 1:1 relationship between the stimulus and the number of spikes generated. Iontophoretic application of glutamic acid diethyl ester (GDEE), a substance reported to be a glutamate antagonist, at currents of +50 to +125 nA in the vicinity of neurons exicted by cortical stimulation, almost totally suppressed the excitation in 90% of the cells, and this suppression was fully reversible. All cells were excited by glutamate. GDEE also suppressed neuronal excitation produced by iontophoretic aspartate, glutamate and DL-homocysteic acid. It is concluded from this study that an excitatory amino acid, either aspartic or glutamic, may function as the transmitter in the corticostriate projection. PMID- 1247882 TI - Specificity of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration induced by intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. AB - The neurotoxic specificity of injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into areas containing either dopamine (DA) cell bodies (substantia nigra) or DA axon terminals (striatum) was studied. This selective effect was compared to the unspecific effects of copper sulfate (CuSO4) injection and electrocoagulation. One to two days after unilateral nigral injection of 2 mug of either 6-OHDA or CuSO4 into the nigra the volume of the unspecific lesions around the tip of the cannula was very similar. Only the 6-OHDA-induced lesions were associated with elective degeneration of the nigral DA neurons. Ten days after the administration of the same compounds the gliosis in the substantia nigra was much more extensive in CuSO4-than in 6-OHDA-treated rats; however, the reduction of DA concentrations in the ipsilateral striatum was only noticeable after 6-OHDA (-62%). A somewhat similar decrease of striatal DA levels (-52%) was observed after large electrocoagulation of the substantia nigra. Ten days after 6-OHDA (8mug) or electrolytic lesion of the striatum the Km for DA, serotonin and choline uptakes were similar in the striata of both sides, suggesting that the uptake process in the non-damaged neurons of the lesioned side was functionally normal. Following electrolytic lesion of the striatum, serotonin and choline Vmax values were decreased to about the same extent as the striatal reduction in weight and DA levels. When directly administered into the striatum 6-OHDA also produced a decline in DA concentration and Vmax but in contrast did not affect serotonin and choline uptake (Vmax), suggesting that the drug specifically destroyed dopaminergic neurons. The present data confirm that selective DA denervation can be achieved when appropriate amounts of the drug are injected into brain tissue in order to limit the unspecific lesion. PMID- 1247883 TI - The penetration of fluorescein-conjugated and electrondense tracer proteins into Xenopus tadpole optic nerves following perineural injection. AB - The permeability of Xenopus tadpole optic nerves to macromolecules was studied in order to evaluate the usefulness of this system for studying mechanisms of serum induced CNS demyelination in vivo. Single injections of either horseradish peroxidase (HRP), ferritin or fluorescein-conjugated human IgG were injected around the right optic nerve and tadpoles were then sacrificed between 15 min and 48 h. Each of the tracers had penetrated the nerve parenchyma by 30 min. Entry of HRP and ferritin occurred mainly via extracellular clefts between adjacent astrocytic endfeet in the glia limitans region. A similar mode of passage was suggested for IgG. Once within the nerve, the tracers became rapidly associated with myelinated axons. HRP was also seen in the periaxonal space but did not directly penetrate the myelin sheath. By 24 h, extracellular localization of tracer was virtually absent with nearly all of the tracer now being concentrated in vesicles within astrocytic processes and perikarya. The distribution of the tracers was not confined to the optic nerve on the injected side; some was seen in adjacent cranial peripheral nerves and surrounding extraocular musculature. Also, tracers eventually penetrated the pial sheath of the contralateral optic nerve. The results of this study indicate that tadpole optic nerves are permeable to a wide range of macromolecules. Furthermore, the distribution of these tracers to nearby cranial peripheral nerves may provide an important opportunity for testing the differential effect of various substances on central and peripheral myelin sheaths. PMID- 1247884 TI - Effects of glucocorticoid treatment on catecholamine content and ultrastructure of adult rat carotid body. AB - Carotid bodies of dexamethasone-treated (daily injections, 10 days) adult male rats were analyzed with respect to catecholamine content and ultrastructure. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assays demonstrated that norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentrations more than doubled after dexamethasone treatment. The increase in NE was relatively greater than that of DA. No epinephrine (E) could be detected. Morphometry revealed, as for the control carotid bodies, two subclasses of type I cells on the basis of the diameters of their dense-cored vesicles. These groups of cells were termed small vesicle cells (SVC) and large vesicle cells (LVC). Dexamethasone treatment resulted in significantly increased volume densities and diameters of the dense-cored vesicles in both SVC and LVC. The greatest increase occurred in the SVC. If these morphological changes do reflect the change in amine concentrations then it is possible to speculate that the type of cells with the greatest increase of amine storage capacity may store the kind of catecholamine most increased. Thus NE may presumably be stored in the SVC and DA in the LVC. Furthermore, these effects of administered glucocorticoids may also indicate a regulatory function for endogenous glucocorticoids on the carotid body catecholamines. PMID- 1247885 TI - Catecholaminergic axo-axonic synapses in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (pars commissuralis) of the cat: possible relation to presynaptic regulation of baroreceptor reflexes. AB - A study was performed on adult cats to investigate synaptic structures of nerve terminals in the commissural portion of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS); a site where the cardiovascular afferent fibers terminate and where a dense plexus of adrenergic element also resides. Synaptic contacts observed in the commissural portion were predominantly axo-dendritic but a smaller number of axo-somatic synapses were also recognized. A third type of junction, axo-axonic, appears to be unique to the commissural portion of the nucleus, since no axo axonic contacts were encountered in the medial and ventrolateral portions of the NTS. By labeling with the 'false' neurotransmitter 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA), three types of axo-axonic contacts with different presynaptic components could be identified; namely, axon varicosities with small clear spherical vesicles, axon varicosities containing flat synaptic vesicles and others with small cord vesicles labeled with 5-OHDA. Postsynaptic components were always axon varicosities with clear spherical vesicles. After surgical denervation of the IXth and Xth cranial nerves, no degenerated axon varicosities were observed in the presynaptic side in the axo-axonic contact. The present study clearly demonstrates that the commissural portion of the NTS contains axo-axonic synapses and some of the adrenergic axons in this area provide the presynaptic components for this type of synapse. Possible roles of adrenergic nerves to presynaptic regulation of baroreceptor reflexes are discussed. PMID- 1247887 TI - Effects of antisera to S-100 protein and to synaptic membrane fraction on maze performance and EEG. AB - Topical cortical injection into rats of antiserum to the synaptic membrane fraction caused recurrent spiking activity as observed in the EEG; neither antiserum to S-100 protein nor antiserum to myelin caused any such abnormality. These same rats, when observed on a maze learning task (Lashley III) responded differently to the different antisera. Rats receiving injections of antiserum to the synaptic membrane fraction or antiserum to S-100 protein were inhibited in their performance, while rats injected with antiserum to myelin behaved like uninjected animals. PMID- 1247886 TI - Studies on the neuropharmacological activity of bicuculline and related compounds. AB - Bicuculline and 3 chemical derivatives were assayed on a variety of biological systems. Consistent with reports of studies on other animals, some of these compounds caused convulsions in insects and blocked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in insect muscle. They all potently inhibited mouse brain acetylcholinesterase. Bicuculline and its analogs inhibited the binding of GABA in vitro to sites in crayfish muscle membranes which have properties of receptor sites; this site of action could explain the activity of bicuculline at arthropod neuromuscular junctions. These compounds, at high concentrations (over 100 muM), also inhibited GABA uptake by mouse brain homogenates at 0 degrees C apparently non-competitively. Bicucine methyl ester inhibited GABA transport by brain at 37 degrees C, consistent with non-specific membrane effects at high concentrations of drug. These and other observations cast doubt upon the specificity of bicuculline-like compounds for action on GABA synapses, especially for in vitro studies at high drug concentrations (over 10 muM). The neuroactivity of low doses of bicuculline is apparently not explained by these in vitro effects, and could very well be due to inhibition of GABA synapses at either receptor or ionophore sites. At physiological conditions of pH and temperature, bicuculline is hydrolyzed at its lactone moiety to the less active compound bicucine; this could lead to underestimates of the biological activity of bicuculline. More stable analogs studied so far are not more potent, however. PMID- 1247888 TI - A mapping device for attachment to the light microscope. Technical note. PMID- 1247889 TI - Auditory responses from the medulla of the monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis. PMID- 1247890 TI - A direct thalamo-cerebellar pathway in pigeon and catfish. PMID- 1247891 TI - Glutamate breakdown during electric field stimulation. PMID- 1247892 TI - Focal epileptogenic activity induced by topical application of antisera to brain actomyosin-like protein. PMID- 1247893 TI - Sodium dependent tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials in a leech neuron. PMID- 1247894 TI - Inhibitors of the glial uptake of beta-alanine in rat brain slices. PMID- 1247896 TI - Multipotentiality of Schwann cells in cross-anastomosed and grafted myelinated and unmyelinated nerves: quantitative microscopy and radioautography. AB - Cross-anastomoses and autogenous grafts of unmyelinated and myelinated nerves were examined by electron microscopy and radioautography to determine if Schwann cells are multipotential with regard to their capacity to produce myelin or to assume the configuration seen in unmyelinated fibres. Two groups of adult white mice were studied. (A) In one group, the myelinated phrenic nerve and the unmyelinated cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) were cross-anastomosed in the neck. From 2 to 6 months after anastomosis, previously unmyelinated distal stumps contained many myelinated fibres while phrenic nerves joined to proximal CSTs became largely unmyelinated. Radioautography of distal stumps indicated that proliferation of Schwann cells occurred mainly in the first few days after anastomosis but was also present to a similar extent in isolated stumps. (B) In other mice, CSTs were grafted to the myelinated sural nerves in the leg. One month later, the unmyelinated CSTs became myelinated and there was no radioautographic indication of Schwann cell migration from the sural nerve stump to the CST grafts. Thus, Schwann cell proliferation in distal stumps is an early local response independent of axonal influence. At later stages, axons from the proximal stumps cause indigenous Schwann cells in distal stumps from the previously unmyelinated nerves to produce myelin while Schwann cells from the previously unmyelinated nerves to produce myelin while Schwann cells from the previously myelinated nerves become associated with unmyelinated fibres. Consequently, the regenerated distal nerve resembled the proximal stump. It is suggested that this change is possible because Schwann cells which divide after nerve injury reacquire the developmental multipotentiality which permits them to respond to aoxonal influences. PMID- 1247895 TI - The action of picrotoxin and bicuculline on rat caudate neurons inhibited by GABA. PMID- 1247897 TI - Effects of pretectal lesions on rats wearing light-diffusing occluders. AB - The study provides behavioral evidence that the pretectal region of the subcortical visual system primarily mediates responses to diffuse rather than to patterned light stimuli: pretectal lesions induced greater transoperative deficits in performance of a light-dark discrimination task for rats wearing light-diffusing occluders than for non-occluded animals. Pretectal lesions also produced less transoperative disruption in animals trained to perform a pattern discrimination task (horizontal vs. vertical stripes). These results are precisely the opposite of those which follow ablation of visual cortex. PMID- 1247898 TI - Evidence for a change in the retino-hypothalamic projection in the rat following early removal of one eye. PMID- 1247899 TI - Hormonal effects on the morphological differentiation of layer VI cortical cells in the rat. PMID- 1247900 TI - Striatal evoked inhibition of identified nigro-thalamic neurons. PMID- 1247901 TI - Dendritic and somatic spikes in mudpuppy amacrine cells: indentification and TTX sensitivity. PMID- 1247902 TI - Temperature-sensitive neurons in the medulla oblongata of the cat. PMID- 1247903 TI - A study of a temporal relationship between two excitatory motor discharges in the crayfish. PMID- 1247904 TI - Evidence against cerebral vasospasm during acutely induced hypertension. PMID- 1247905 TI - Destructive action of systemically administered 6-hydroxydopamine on the rat area postrema. PMID- 1247906 TI - Some observations on early myelination in the human spinal cord. Light and electron microscope study. AB - Segments of cervical spinal cord from a 23-week-old human foetus have been examined by light and electron microscopy. Myelinated fibres were found in the dorsal, ventral and peripheral lateral tracts, while the lateral corticospinal tract was completely unmyelinated. Myelin sheaths appeared to be formed by spiral wrapping of elongated mesaxons which originated from the apposition of the plasma membranes of oligodendrocytes. Preparations stained with Sudan red and Sudan black revealed the occurrence of lipid inclusions in the interfascicular glia. The topographical relation and the ultrastructural features of these inclusions are described. The possible significance of the inclusion bodies is discussed. PMID- 1247907 TI - Effect of thyroid deficiency on postnatal cell formation in the rat brain: a biochemical investigation. AB - In thyroid deficiency, interference with postnatal cell formation seems to be confined to those regions of the brain where postnatal neurogenesis is significant. In comparison with controls the increase in cell number in the cerebellum is retarded in the second week of life, but a normal number is reached by 35 days. In contrast the DNA content of the olfactory bulbs is apparently irreversibly depressed. Mitotic activity, in terms of incorporation of [2 14C]thymidine into DNA, is mainly affected in the cerebellum: in thyroid deficient rats, it is depressed below control levels at day 12, but it is about 4 times higher than in controls at day 21 when, under normal conditions, cell proliferation has virtually ceased. The time course (15-240 min) of [14C]thymidine metabolism at day 14 shows regional differences in control rats. The rate of conversion of [14C]thymidine to [14C]thymidine nucleotides, and of these in turn to [14C]DNA is slower in the forebrain - where cell proliferation occurs on a smaller scale - than in the cerebellum. Consequently, in the forebrain nearly linear DNA synthesis rate is maintained for a longer time than in the cerebellum (1 h vs. 0.5 h), and since less 14C is conserved in DNA a significant efflux of unconverted [14C]thymidine is evident during the experimental period. The effect of thyroid deficiency on [14C]thymidine metabolism in the brain is only slight, and is due to an abnormally large supply of [14C]thymidine consequent to depressed systemic utilization of this precursor. PMID- 1247908 TI - Effect of thyroid deficiency on cell acquistion in the postnatal rat brain: a quantitative histological study. AB - The mechanisms underlying transient reduction of cell number in the developing cerebellum of thyroid-deficient rats have been studied by quantitative histological methods. Thyroid deficiency has no significant effect on the generation cycle of dividing cells in either the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricular walls or the external granulay layer of the cerebellum: the length of the cell cycle and the duration of the different phases of the cycle, including the DNA synthesis time appears to be normal. However, the external granular layer of the cerebellum contains fewer cells than in control at 12 days. Pyknotic nuclei are prominent in the granule cell layer of the hypothyroid cerebellum at this age. These amount to an estimated loss of about 1% of the total cerebellar cell population in 24 h. It is suggested that death of granule cells is for the most part a consequence of reduced Purkinje cell dendritic arborization, with failure of parallel fibre/Purkinje cell synaptogenesis. In the second postnatal week, granule cell death and reduced numbers of cells in the germinal zone can account to a great extent for the observed shortfall in cerebellar DNA content. The eventual attainment of normal cell numbers in the cerebellum of hypothyroid rats is related to a persistent external granular layer in the forth and fifth postnatal weeks. PMID- 1247909 TI - The ionic basis of the membrane potential in a rat glial cell line. AB - Intracellular ionic concentrations, membrane potential and Na+ and K+ flux were measured in a clonal rat glial cell line, C6. Intracellular concentrations of C6 cells were: (mmole/liter cell water) K+ 145 +/- 4 S.D., Na+ 18 +/- 4 S.D., Cl- 14 +/- 1 S.D. Cells maintained a steady state level of K+ over the duration of the experiments. This was substantiated by the close agreement between absolute values for K+ influx and efflux measured with 42K. When cells were depleted of internal Na+, K+ influx was significantly reduced suggesting that a portion of inward K+ movement is linked to Na+ extrusion. Efflux of Na+, calculated from the half-time of exchange from cells preloaded with 22Na, was higher than passive Na+ influx determined by blocking Na+ extrusion with ouabain. Since cell Na+ concentration remained relatively constant, part of the Na+ efflux may be due to exchange diffusion. The average membrane potential of C6 cells uas -36 mV. The potential showed a 31 mV slope for a 10-fold change in external K+ so that it is determined predominantly by the ratio of external/internal K+. The potential however, consistent with the relatively large passive Na+ influx, was influenced by Na+. Replacing all but 20 mM external Na+ with choline hyperpolarized the membrane by 13 mV. The ratio of PNa/PK of 0.11 suggests that Na+ is outwardly transported to maintain the steady-state concentrations observed. Since these responses are similar to those in non-tumor glia, it suggests that the C6 cell line may provide a useful model for studying ionic regulation in glial cells. PMID- 1247911 TI - [Effects of some drugs on the distribution of thyroxine in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247910 TI - A linked active transport system for Na+ and K+ in a glial cell line. AB - Ouabain (5 X 10(-4) M) induced a 6-fold increase in intracellular Na+ and a 65% loss of cellular K+ in C6 glial cells which was accompanied by a 12 mV decrease in the resting membrane potential. Following ouabain washout intracellular ion concentrations and the membrane potential returned to control levels suggesting that C6 is capable of active Na+ transport which is linked to uptake of K+. A portion of K+ uptake under steady-state conditions is also active since K+ influx was reduced 32% by ouabain. Five mM cyanide significantly increased cell Na+ and significantly decreased cell K+ and the membrane potential. The similarity in the ratio of Na+ gained/K+ lost (ouabain 1.24, cyanide 1.41) suggests that the two agents inhibit the same ion transport system. Decreased temperature had the paradoxical effect of increasing intracellular K+ while significantly decreasing both membrane potential and K+ influx. Part of this effect may be due to the marked reduction in K+ efflux at low temperature. At 6 degrees C cell loss of K+ was much less than loss of K+ with ouabain at 37 degrees C. The observation of a linked Na+-K+ transport system in C6 cell confirms the hypothesis that coupled active Na+-K+ exchange occurs in glial cells and suggests that ionic transport may regulate certain aspects of glial metabolism. PMID- 1247913 TI - [Activity of enzymatic systems of serum following single injection of immune complexe to rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247912 TI - [Structural changes of thyroglobulin in the rat thyroid gland during postnatal development (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247914 TI - [Phospholipid metabolism in soluble and unsoluble lipoproteins in the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247915 TI - [Reversibility of Cu denaturation of human hemoglobin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247916 TI - [Dynamics of coenzyme a level in the brown adipose tissue in the course of ontogenetic development (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247917 TI - [Adenosine phosphates in heart and liver mitochondria of intact and by isoproterenol pretreated rabbits after administration of tetracycline (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247918 TI - [Differences in the motility of various parts of the large intestine in the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247919 TI - [Plasma level and metabolism of TSH in rats during postnatal ontogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247920 TI - [Eraldin as a potential substance for the detection of imminent postoperative thyrotoxic crisis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247921 TI - [The relationship between unsaturated fatty acids in blood serum, the thyroid gland, myocardial infarction, and hyperlipemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247922 TI - [Xenobiochemical characteristics of chlorbenzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247923 TI - [Effect of propylthiouracil on fractions of SH-substances in the rat thyroid gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1247924 TI - Patterns of total and ionized calcium and other electrolytes in plasma during and after general surgery. AB - Thirteen patients were studied during two hours of anaesthesia for abdmonial operations and for an hour post-operatively. Serial venous blood samples were taken for determination of plasma total and ionized calcium, acid-base variables, Na, K, Mg, PO4 total proteins and parathyroid hormone. One group of patients received 5 per cent dextrose/water and the other 5 per cent dextrose in Ringer's solution, at 250 ml per hour. Total and ionized calcium levels decreased toward the end of operation and an hour later, associated with respiratory alkalosis. Parathyroid hormone increased at the end of operation, as an effect of the decreased ionized calcium. The general effect was mild haemodilution with all the other electrolytes decreasing, as did total protein concentration. PMID- 1247925 TI - Alphadione (Althesin): a new induction agent. AB - The use of Althesin for induction of anaesthesia in 57 patients showed that it is a satisfactory induction agent. However, with the exception of rapid recovery with minimal after-effects, it has no major advantages over the commonly used barbiturates. PMID- 1247926 TI - The effects of furosemide on remal blood flow and cortical perfusion during methoxyflurane and halothane anaesthesia. AB - Nephrotoxicity due to methoxyflurane may be due in part to alterations in intra renal perfusion. Furosemide is believed to alter the intra-renal distribution of blood flow. Studies have been carried out to observe the effects of systemic furosemide administration during methoxyflurane and halothane anaesthesia in normotensive animals and in animals made hypotensive by increasing inspired concentrations of the anaesthetics. During halothane anaesthesia normotensive dogs showed a rise in total renal blood flow during the infusion of furosemide. Hypotensive dogs showed no increase in flow. During methoxyflurane anaesthesia no change in total renal blood flow followed furosemide administration to normotensive animals. Some diminution in total blood flow followed the administration of furosemide in hypotensive dogs during methoxyflurane anaesthesia. In normotensive dogs during halothane anaesthesia there was a significant increase in deep cortical perfusion after furosemide. Furosemide, therefore, is unlikely to mitigate the potential for nephrotoxicity which methoxyflurane possesses. Furthermore, this diuretic may adversely influence renal function when administered during halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 1247927 TI - The effects of morphine and halothane anaesthesia on urine norepinephrine during surgery for congenital heart disease. AB - Urine excretion rates of norepinephrine were measured in 15 children with Tetralogy of Fallot and 25 with atrial septal secundum defects anaesthetized with halothane or morphine before, during and for two hours after surgical correction of their cardiac defects. All patients were paralyzed with d-tubocurarine, the tracheae were intubated and respiration was controlled. Urine was obtained for 90 minutes before induction, during induction, before, during and after bypass and postoperative. Patients with TF had significantly higher pre-operative urine norepinephrine excretion rates than patients with ASD. In TF children anaesthetized with halothane norepinephrine excretion was significantly decreased during induction and during operation but increased post-operatively. Children with ASD and anaesthetized with halothane did not have urine norepinephrine excretion rates that were significantly different from post-operative values until the postoperative period. ASD children anaesthetized with morphine had marked elevations in norepinephrine excretion during induction and all subsequent study periods. On the other hand, morphine anaesthetized TF children did not have a significant increase in urine norepinephrine excretion until bypass had been established. Increased norepinephrine excretion was maintained in these patients during all subsequent study periods. These data, when combined with our results in patients with acquired heart disease, demonstrate that disease can alter norepinephrine responses to morphine anaesthesia. In addition our results suggest that dosage of morphine and morphine blood levels might also modify norepinephrine excretion. PMID- 1247928 TI - A comparison of the effects of halothane and other anaesthetic agents on hepato cellular function in patients submitted to elective operations. AB - In an attempt to gather objective evidence of possible hepato-cellular toxicity of the halogenated anaesthetics halothane and methoxyflurane pre-operative and post-operative enzyme estimations were done on patients admitted for elective operations. The series of approximately 500 cases included 160 patients submitted to cholecystectomy, an operation associated with a high percentage of detectable alteration of hepatocellular function in the post-operative period. There was no significant difference between the groups of patients receiving halothane, methoxyflurane, or nitrous oxide and oxygen with analgesic supplement. The magnitude of the increased post-operative enzyme activity and the post-operative temperature elevation were not significantly different in the three groups studied. PMID- 1247929 TI - Duration of action of neostigmine in man. PMID- 1247930 TI - An evaluation of three new blood-gas analyzer systems. AB - Three new pH-blood-gas analyzer systems have been evaluated. These are the ABL-1, the Croning 165, the Il 513. Because of automation of analysis, accuracy, and speed of analysis, this generation of instruments represents great progress over the previous one. The ABL-1 is the most automated system: all analyses are computer controlled. The pH, P02 and PCO2 values are accurate. Calibration can not be adjusted. The Corning 165 is the least automated system. Its pH determinations are the most accurate and it is the one which uses the smallest volume of blood (125 mul). However it is the least stable and takes the longest time for completion of the analysis. The IL 513 is probably the best balanced system and its calibration can be modified. Its operation is well automated and its results are accurate. PMID- 1247931 TI - Complications of radial artery lines in the paediatric patient. PMID- 1247932 TI - The effects of atropine on the heart rate. PMID- 1247933 TI - Letter:. PMID- 1247934 TI - Maculopathy of sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis. AB - Observations in 14 eyes in 7 patients with sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis over a 4 to 8 year period show that the maculopathy tends to progress through a series of stages (Figs. 14, 15, 16) which are associated with increasing impairment in visual acuity. Electrical changes confirm the pathological state of the macula but suggest a pan-retinal disease. Desite the clinical appearance, the extramacular retina seems to be significantly affected. The basic pathological condition may be in the Muller cells. We have been unable to distinguish carriers from normal individuals. PMID- 1247935 TI - Hereditary retinoschisis linkage studies in a family and considerations in genetic counselling. AB - We report a family with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. In addition to the three males with severe visual impairment, six other males in this family were found to have hitherto undiagnosed disease. The findings in these mildly affected males are described in detail. The wide range of clinical manifestations found among the affected relatives initially hampered recognition of the correct diagnosis. Once the correct diagnosis was made, proper genetic counselling could be given. The data are compatible with loose linkage between the loci for juvenile retinoschisis and the red cell antigen marker Xga. PMID- 1247936 TI - Fluorescein angiography and retinal venous sheathing in multiple sclerosis. AB - Venous sheathing found in 11% of a series of patients with multiple sclerosis was studied with routine color fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography. In the early phases of the disease, sheathing is seldom found. Its detection is facilitated by fluorescein angiography and ophthalmoscopy with a cobalt filter. Fluorescein leakage may disappear despite persistence of the sheathing. PMID- 1247937 TI - Binocular visual field in strabismus. AB - The binocular visual field of 100 patients with a variety of manifest strabismus was analysed using a complex visual environment and polaroid dissociation. A significant area of the picture, both nasal and temporal to fixation, was suppressed by all patients. Eighty-nine per cent showed correct localisation and identification in an area which was not suppressed and was approximately 45 prism dioptres peripheral to fixation. PMID- 1247938 TI - B-scan ultrasonography in the diagnosis of atypical retinoblastomas. AB - Contact B- scan ultrasonography (Bronson-Turner unit) was performed on fourteen patients with retinoblastoma. In ten cases, the patient presented with leukocoria, and ultrasonography was helpful in confirming the clinical diagnosis. In four atypical cases contact B-scan ultrasonography was instrumental in making the diagnosis. The ultrasonographic pattern for retinoblastoma is characteristic but not pathognomic. There is a solid intraocular echo corresponding to the tumor and within it are numerous dense focal echoes which persist at lower sensitivities, suggesting calcification. Calcification was demonstrated ultrasonographically and confirmed histologically in all four of these atypical cases, but routine skull x-rays failed to demonstrate calcium in three of the four children. Contact B- scan ultrasonography is a safe and simple procedure which may provide valuable diagnostic information in children with suspected retinoblastoma. PMID- 1247939 TI - Gelatin implants in retina surgery. AB - Gelatin absorbable implants are a practical and effective material for scleral buckling. They may be used in segmental scleral buckling, meridional implants, aphakic detachments, lower temporal dialyses and macular holes. We describe the technique and the results obtained in 53 patients. PMID- 1247940 TI - A study of dark adaptation in ocular hypertensives. AB - Previous studies of dark adaptation in glaucoma have been hampered by lack of standardization and poor definition of clinical categories. A new method of testing has been used on ocular hypertensives. A modified Goldmann/Weekers adaptometer and an 11 degree centrally fixated test patch were used to obtain two dark adaptation threshold curves for each subject -- one for blue-green and one for yellow. Results indicate that ocular hypertensives with no field loss and normal fundi have impaired normal subjects. The differences in the thresholds for blue-green were especially noticeable with the blue-green showing the greater difference. The 2.8 minute difference in mean curve cross-over time between normal and ocular hypertensive was also found to be significant. It appears that ocular hypertensives have impaired rod and cone functions, as well as deficient rod-cone interaction. PMID- 1247941 TI - Coats' disease: A study of cholesterol transport in the eye. AB - An attempt to establish an animal model (rabbit) to study deposition and transport of cholesterol in the eye has been described. Interesting findings include the deposition of cholesterol in the choroid, sclera, and anterior cornea of rabbits fed on a high cholesterol diet. Injected intravitreal cholesterol is seen to leave through the retina, optic nerve head, and the trabecular meshwork. This process appears to be very slow. During the 4 months of observation the yellow preretinal deposits decreased little in size. Only 1 rabbit showed a picture typical of Coats' disease with serous detachment of the retina, subretinal lipoidal deposits and preretinal neovascularization. Although these results are preliminary, they suggest that fatty materials may pass through the retina into the subretinal space from the vitreous and might explain the pathogenesis of Coats' disease in the human. PMID- 1247942 TI - The detection of immunologically competent cells in corneas showing an immune reaction - a simplified technique -. AB - We wished to devise a simple in vitro test for identifying the presence of antigen sensitive lymphocytes in corneal tissue having an immunological inflammatory reaction. A number of rabbits were immunized by subcutaneous injections of human serum albumin (HSA). A final injection of the same antigen was given in the centre of the cornea to produce an immunological corneal inflammation. Other rabbits were immunized by an antigen unrelated to HSA. A non immunological corneal inflammation was produced in another group of animals by applying sodium hydroxide. Five days after the immunogenic and non-immunogenic corneal insults, when the limbus showed vascularization, the eyes of the different groups of animals were enucleated. From each eye, small corneal discs containing a portion of the limbus were cut with a trephine. The discs (explants) were then incubated for 20-24 hours at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of HSA or in the presence of an antigen unrelated to HSA. At the end of incubation, the extent of leucocyte migration from each explant was measured. Only in the presence of the specific antigen did leucocytes from explants of the immunized animals show marked inhibition of migration. PMID- 1247943 TI - Twin-prism stereo-separator. AB - We describe a twin-prism stereoseparator for the Zeiss fundus camera which gives high-quality stereophotographs of the optic disc and simultaneously records both images on the same frame of film. The stereobase of photographs taken with this system ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 mm. It varies linearly with the entrance pupil which ranges from 4.0 to 6.5 mm. The instrument provides a reliable method for monitoring changes in optic disc topography. PMID- 1247945 TI - Lid rhinosporidiosis - simulating a tumor. AB - A case of rhinosporidiosis is described with extensive primary involvement of the lids, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva. PMID- 1247944 TI - Orbital involvement in Riedel's struma. AB - A patient with Riedel's struma had bilateral orbital involvement. The histopathological findings were the same in the thyroid and lacrimal glands. PMID- 1247946 TI - Isolation of a soluble tumor-associated antigen from human melanoma. AB - Human melanoma-associated antigen was solubilized from fresh surgical specimens by 3 M KC1 extraction. The antigenicity of this extract was demonstrated by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses and inhibition of complement fixation. Twenty-one of 33 melanoma patients had delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to melanoma antigen, while only four of 28 reacted to autologous muscle. Although KC1 extracts did not fix complement directly, they reacted with antibody, thus inhibiting complement fixation by the autologous melanoma antigen extracted from tissue culture supernatants. The soluble antigenic moiety was then purified by fractionation on a G-150 Sephedex column and polyacrylamide gels, and the antigenic activity was monitored by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses in melanoma patients. A 20-fold purification was achieved. Solubilization of tumor antigens with 3 M KC1 provides tumor associated antigen of high activity which is amenable to further biochemical purification. PMID- 1247947 TI - Changing patterns of breast cancer. Lucy Wortham James lecture (clinical). AB - At present, through public awareness and the use of improved diagnostic aids, increasing numbers of patients are being seen with localized "minimal" breast cancer. In our own experience, the average measured size of the primary tumor has diminished from 3.2 cm in 1955 to 2 cm in 1974. Although the incidence of axillary node metastases has diminished only from about 50% to 42% during this interval, the extent of involvement and the distribution of nodal disease has improved markedly with a marked decrease in apical node involvement. Mammography has been responsible for the detection of more than 50% of our "minimal" breast cancers. This improved patient material presents a great potential for improved control of this disease. In planning the choice of surgery for primary breast cancer, its multicentric origin, and regional nodal spread to axillary and internal mammary nodal areas must be considered. There is no single ideal operation for all breast cancers. The scope of surgery should be correlated with the clinical and pathologic extent of disease in the individual patient with the aim of removing all disease present while preserving appearance and function-the main goal being removal of disease. We have utilized three operative procedures: total mastectomy with axillary dissection, radical mastectomy, and extended radical mastectomy. With this approach a 10-year survival rate of 61% with a local recurrence rate of 7.7% has been attained in a group of 565 patients with 40% axillary node involvement. The best salvage obtained in patients with "minimal" breast cancers-noninfiltrating cancers and infiltrating cancers under 1 cm in diameter with clinically negative axillae-was 95% survival at 10 years following modified radical mastectomy (total mastectomy with axillary dissection). When disease has extended to the axillary nodes the more extensive procedures have proved more effective in achieving long term control-54% 10 year survival in patients with axillary node metastases treated by the extended radical mastectomy. An increasing number of patients are being seen who can be treated adequately by less than a radical mastectomy. Careful clinical judgment and close liason with a competent pathologist must be combined in selecting the proper operative procedure for each individual patient. Statistics concerning therapeutic effects based on current material, unless they are based on accurate data covering extent of disease, cannot be compared with previous data because of the improved patient material now being encountered. Adjuvant multiple chemotherapy appears promising as a supplement to surgical treatment of breast cancer. However, it should not be used to replace or minimize the role of primary surgery, but should be combined with the optimum procedure for each individual patient. PMID- 1247948 TI - Combined therapy to prevent complete pelvic exenteration for rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina or uterus. AB - Three children with rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides) of the vagina or uterus were managed by modified radical resection combined with pre- and/or postoperative chemotherapy and high-dose irradiation. This plan of therapy contrasts sharply with the conventional approach: i.e., pelvic exenteration consisting of cystectomy, hystovaginectomy, and oophorectomy, with urinary diversion by ureteroileostomy or ureterosigmoidostomy. Two patients had complete regressions of tumor following preoperative chemotherapy and irradiation. The third patient received no preoperative therapy, but was given postoperative radium implantation, irradiation, and chemotherapy. The surgical approach consisted of hystovaginectomy and oophorectomy without urinary diversion. These patients are free of tumor for 32, 44, and 54 months, respectively. There were no serious toxic reactions to the drugs, nor any significant postoperative urinary tract problems. The results reported here suggest that hystovaginectomy and oophorectomy coordinated with chemotherapy and irradiation is an acceptable alternative to pelvic exenteration in patients with sarcoma botryoides of the vagina or uterus. PMID- 1247949 TI - Multi-modality therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. AB - Three patients presenting with surgically incurable epidermoid carcinoma of the anus were treated by radiation therapy and chemotherapy consisting of 5 fluorouracil and Mitomycin C. The first patient succumbed during the course of her therapy. The second patient is alive and well without definite evidence of disease nearly 1 1/2 years after initiation of therapy. The third patient underwent abdominoperineal resection after radiation and chemotherapy; pathologic examination revealed no residual carcinoma and the patient is well nearly 1 year after surgery. A fourth patient with previously treated epidermoid carcinoma of the anus presented with biopsy-proven pulmonary metastasis and was placed on the chemotherapeutic regimen alone. Six weeks later his chest X-ray showed essentially complete disappearance of the metastatic nodules. This experience suggests that multimodality therapy may increase salvage in even locally far advanced and metastatic epidermoid anal carcinoma. PMID- 1247951 TI - Carcinoma of the gallbladder: staging, treatment, and prognosis. AB - Sixty-six cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder treated at The Memorial Hospital, Danville, Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, were staged according to depth of invasion and spread and graded histologically; the findings were correlated with survival. Results from the two hospitals were essentially identical and the survival figures correlated well with 399 reported cases in the medical literature which could be staged according to the depth of invasion. A simple method combining staging and histologic grading of cancer of the gallbladder, which can easily be applied to all cancers of the gallbladder removed surgically and which should prove useful in the management of this disease, is described. Essentially all of the carcinomas of the gallbladder in the series were incidental findings at surgery for gall stones which may explain a relatively high proportion of superficial carcinomas which are cured by the removal of the gallbladder. PMID- 1247950 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. A comparative study of two modalities of therapy. AB - Eighty-six children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied from 1964 to January 31, 1975. Seventy-six percent of the 43 patients in the nonprotocol group had far advanced disease, and 76% had Rappaport's diffuse histology. Only 11% of these patients survived free of disease. The second group of 43 patients received the LSA2L2 protocol. Seventy-six percent had advanced disease and 86% diffuse histology. Of these patients 76% are surviving free of disease with a median observation time of 25+ months. Fifty-one percent of the survivors are off therapy and without evidence of disease. Prognostic factors such as primary sites, stages, histology, and others are discussed. The most important prognostic factor is early and aggressive therapy, and the achievement of a complete response status within 1-2 months from onset of therapy. PMID- 1247952 TI - The prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocyte counts in patients with breast carcinoma. AB - A retrospective study evaluating five-year survival rates in relation to pretreatment lymphocyte counts was undertaken in 453 patients with breast carcinoma. Patients with early tumor stages had higher pretreatment lymphocyte counts than those with advanced tumors: five-year survival in patients with pretreatment counts above 2000 per mm3 was 87% in Stage I, 67% in Stage II, and 57% in Stage III, while the comparable figures in patients with lower counts were 82%, 51%, and 29%. The differences in five-year survival rates for Stage II and III were significant: z equals 1.6955, p equals 0.046 and z equals 1.8841, p equals 0.03. Similar differences were noted in the disease-free, five-year survival rates. The corresponding figures in the three tumor stages for patients with counts above 2000/mm3 were 80%, 63%, and 53%, while those for patients with lower counts were 74%, 44%, and 18%. The differences in Stage II and III were also statistically significant: z equals 1.8430, p equals 0.33 and z equals 2.592, p equals 0.005 respectively. The possibility that the presence of suppressant factors related to the thymus may influence levels of lymphocytes was evaluated. Comparison of pre-thymectomy and postthymectomy lymphocyte counts in a control group of patients who had thymectomy for myasthenia gravis revealed a gradual increase of lymphocytes following thymectomy. The increase was significant at the second year following thymectomy. These observations indicate that lymphocyte counts may serve as prognostic indicators in patients with breast cancer. Low lymphocyte counts may be related to the presence of suppressor substances. PMID- 1247953 TI - Adverse effect of pregnancy on melanoma: a reappraisal. AB - The influence of pregnancy on the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma in women of childbearing age was examined in a retrospective review of 251 surgically treated cases. There was no statistical difference in survival at five years, free of disease, for Stage I melanoma between nulliparous, parous nonpregnant, and pregnant women. For Stage II melanoma, however, a significantly lower survival rate was observed for pregnant patients (29%) and parous women who had experienced activation of the lesion in a previous pregnancy (22%), as compared with that of nulliparous patients (55%) and other patients in the parous group (51%); p less than 0.05. This discrepancy in survival, together with the observed higher frequencies of Stage II cases, melanomas occurring on the trunk, and symptoms such as bleeding, ulceration, irritation, and elevation of the lesion, strongly suggest an adverse influence of pregnancy on women with Stage II melanoma. PMID- 1247954 TI - Survival and regional disease control after isolation-perfusion for invasive stage I melanoma of the extremities. AB - Excision of the primary and isolation-perfusion with 1-phenylalanine mustard was the treatment in 199 patients with invasive Stage I melanoma of the extremities with the goal of improving regional disease control and long-term survival. The determinant survival in patients followed 5-15 years was 83%; Berkson-Gage survivals were 98% at 2 years, 88% at 5 years, and 84% at 10 years. The site of first recurrence was determined in all 49 (25%) patients who failed treatment: three (2%) developed local recurrence, six (3%) developed intransit recurrence, 24 (13%) developed positive regional lymph nodes, 15 (8%) developed systemic metastases, and one developed local recurrence plus positive regional nodes. Of these 49 patients failing treatment, 15 (31%) are currently surviving with no evidence of disease after retreatment of the recurrence. These data are compared to historical controls in the literature. It is concluded that regional control rates are improved by perfusion and that survival has probably been improved. In 14 patients treated by perfusion without local excision, regional control and survival was poor. Single drug (L-PAM) perfusion with the techniques employed is effective in controlling regional subclinical disease, but the primary should be widely excised. PMID- 1247955 TI - Regional lymph node metastases and the level of invasion of primary melanoma. AB - One hundred and nineteen patients with primary malignant melanoma had their primary lesion classified according to Clark's level of invasion by Clark and the Division of Surgical Pathology at UCLA. Thirty patients had superficial melanoma (Level II) and did not undergo regional lymph node dissection (RLND). All other patients (Levels III, IV, and V) underwent regional lymph node dissection. Thirty two percent of patients with Level III melanoma, 67% of patients with Level IV melanoma, and 66% of patients with Level V melanoma had metastases to the regional lymph nodes. These studies suggest that the level of invasion, or the thickness of the primary melanoma, is helpful for predicting regional lymph node metastases. PMID- 1247956 TI - Malignant melanoma. Role of node dissection reappraised. AB - Two hundred and fifty-nine patients with malignant melanoma have been reviewed. One hundred and fifty of these were determinate. A primary excision and dissection in continuity of the tumor, the intervening lymphatics, and the regional lymph nodes achieved a 5-year survival free of disease for 67.5% of the patients. When the nodes were clinically negative but microscopically positive, 45% survived. An electric discontinuous node dissection offers no better prognosis than does a therapeutic dissection and is not indicated in the primary treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 1247957 TI - Radical mastectomy versus radical mastectomy plus internal mammary dissection. Five-year results of an international cooperative study. AB - From 1963 to 1968, the international group collected 1580 cases of breast cancer, randomized into two therapeutic groups: radical mastectomy and extended mastectomy. The data were processed on the UNIVAC 1107 computer of the I.N.S.E.R.M. Computing Center. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the overall five-year survival rate. However, a more detailed analysis, according to certain prognostic features, showed that extended mastectomy improved the results in one subgroup: cancers of inner or medial quadrants, axillary N+. Within this group the difference was highly significant for a smaller subgroup (190 patients) including only tumors T1 and T2. In conclusion, there is no indication for extended mastectomy in any cancers of the outer quadrants or in those of the inner or medial quadrants without axillary involvement. A limited indication for extended mastectomy may be provisionally retained for T1 and T2 cancers of the inner or medial quadrants with axillary involvement. PMID- 1247958 TI - Thymoma: a clinical and pathological study of 65 cases. AB - A clinicopathologic study of 65 patients with thymomas was performed. The most significant prognostic feature of the thymomas was the presence or absence of gross invasion of adjacent tissue. None of 37 patients with non-invasive thymomas died of tumor or had a recurrence. Invasive thymomas resulted in the death of 3 of 17 patients. Two others are alive with unresectable tumor, and one other patient died of myasthenia gravis with recurrent thymoma. The histologic type of thymoma had no value in predicting prognosis. Thirty-five patients had possibly associated syndromes. These syndromes, particularly myasthenia gravis and red cell hypoplasia, affected survival to an equal or greater extent than did the direct effects of the tumors. PMID- 1247959 TI - Gallium-67 citrate scanning in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy was performed in 33 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 25 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three hundred twenty-eight sites of potential involvement were investigated. Confirmation of involvement was made by physical examination, roentgenographic evaluation and histopathologic examination of tissue obtained at diagnostic laparotomy. The results of scintigraphy correlated with all other clinicopathologic data in only 35% of patients, the true-positive rate being significantly higher above the diaphragm (61%) than below (40%). The overall true-positive and true-negative rates were 53 and 90%, respectively. A significant correlation existed between tumor histology and scanning accuracy; the true-positive rate in Hodgkin's disease was 74% compared to only 13% in patients with lymphocytic lymphoma. A similar variation of 67Ga concentration with tumor histology was also noted in 70 tissue specimens obtained from 28 patients at the time of diagnostic laparotomy or biopsy. The routine use of 67Ga-citrate to detect splenic involvement with tumor appeared to be precluded by the low true-positive and high false-negative rates of 57 and 27%, respectively. Gallium-67-citrate scintigraphy may be useful as an adjunct to established clinical staging procedures in untreated patients and in the detection of recurrent disease in treated patients. Our data indicate it is not sifficiently reliable to replace established methods presently used for clinical staging. PMID- 1247960 TI - The single palpable thyroid nodule: evaluation by 99mTc-pertechnetate imaging. AB - The role of 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid imaging in the preoperative assessment of patients with single palpable thyroid nodules was evaluated. The frequency of cancer in hypofunctional nodules was similar to that found in previous studies with 131I. The 99mTc-pertechnetate image allowed a reliable separation of pathologically uninodular thyroids from those that were multinodular, and demonstrated multiple thyroid lesions that had not been detected by physical examination in over one-third of the cases. The frequency of cancer in thyroids containing a solitary or dominant hypofunctional nodule was higher (17%) than that in thyroids with a multinodular scan appearance (less than 5%). PMID- 1247961 TI - Pathological staging of 100 consecutive untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: extramedullary sites of disease. AB - One hundred consecutive untreated cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were reviewed according to Rappaport's classification. There were 49 males and 51 females, almost evenly distributed between nodular (49) and diffuse (51) patterns. Only diffuse lymphomas were seen in patients under age 20 and they were twice as common as nodular lymphomas in patients over 60. Nodular lymphomas were predominantly lymphocytic (61%) or mixed (35%) while diffuse lymphomas were commonly histiocytic (43%). Standardized pathological staging was based upon the serial performance of bone marrow needle biopsy, percutaneous hepatic biopsy, peritoneoscopic hepatic biopsies and exploratory laparotomy. For all patients this sequence terminated with the first positive biopsy. Hepatic involvement was documented in 40 patients by either percutaneous biopsies,18 peritoneoscopic biopsies,9 or wedge biopsy at laparotomy.13 Thirty-seven of 49 patients who underwent laparotomy had biopsy-proven abdominal involvement. Overall incidence of biopsy-proven abdominal disease was 64%. Positive spleens varied widely in weight but all negative spleens weighed less than 270 g. Constancy of histologic type in multiple sites was observed in 90% of cases. PMID- 1247962 TI - Cytogenetic studies in sideroblastic anemia. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on bone marrow aspirates from seven patients with acquired sideroblastic anemia. In one male patient a 45,X cell line was present in each of three bone marrow aspirates. The remaining six patients had a normal chromosome complement. The abnormal stem line in the bone marrow may be unrelated to the hematologic disorder or may indicate a neoplastic process still latent. The cytogenetic literature on sideroblastic anemia is reviewed. PMID- 1247963 TI - Results of mass screening for breast cancer in 50,000 examinations. AB - Detection of earlier breast cancer, especially in its preclinical stage, offers the only method available today for reducing mortality from this disease. The Health Insurance Plan study, conducted since 1963 under contract with the National Institutes of Health, has achieved a one-third reduction in death rate in a study group compared to a matched control which has persisted in 7 years of follow-up. The Guttman Institute, founded in 1968 to develop practical methods for large scale screening, is operating a tandem approach using interview, clinical examination, improved mammography, and thermography for greatest yield. Emphasis is placed on motivation to accept the examination, teaching and encouragement of breast self-examination, and emphasis on periodic reexaminations. At the present time, almost 300 women receive this complete examination per day at the Institute's fixed facility. Periodic examinations leads to marked increase in number of cancers detected free of axillary nodal involvement. The tandem approach emphasizes substantial percentage of cancers detected on only one modality, two-thirds of which are without nodal involvement. Breast self-examination is necessary to detect "interval" cancers in more localized stage. PMID- 1247964 TI - Histogenesis of tumors from the nasal cavities induced by diethylnitrosamine. AB - Chronic subcutaneous (s.c.) or single intravenous (i.v.) injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) led to the induction of carcinomas of the nasal cavities in a high incidence. These neoplasms were multifocal in origin, frequently showing mixed cellular patterns of the following cell types: large cuboidal cells, nonciliated columnar cells, ciliated columnar cells, small cells, and squamous epithelial cells. No sensory cells of the olfactory mucosa or neurofibrillar differentiations were found in these neoplasms, although several showed rosette- and pseudorosette-like formations. Dose and route of administration seemed to influence the site of origin and the patterns of cellularity of these tumors. Whereas chronic s.c. injections resulted in carcinomas of the olfactory region, being mostly composed of large cuboidal cells, single i.v. injections led to the development of carcinomas mainly originating from the respiratory-olfactory mucosal junction and composed preferentially of nonciliated and ciliated columnar cells. PMID- 1247966 TI - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. AB - An atypical case of neuroblastoma is described, in which the diagnosis was facilitated by the application of a new biochemical procedure, the assay of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. This laboratory tool is proposed as a useful adjunct to established techniques in the diagnosis of neural crest tumors. PMID- 1247965 TI - Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx: a clinicopathologic study. V. Skeletal muscle tumors (rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). AB - In a study of nonepithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx, 19 lesions (three rhabdomyomas, 16 rhabdomyosarcomas) showed skeletal muscle differentiation. The clinical findings associated with these neoplasms are reviewed, the histologic features are illustrated, results of treatment are presented, and clinicopathologic correlations are discussed. The rhabdomyomas grew as localized masses in the nasopharynx, were excised locally, and behaved clinically like benign tumors. The rhabdomyosarcomas were found predominantly in children and were associated with a poor prognosis; most of the patients died within 2 years following diagnosis. PMID- 1247967 TI - Experience with opposite breast biopsy in patients with operable breast cancer. AB - One hundred and nine patients with unilateral breast carcinoma and no palpable abnormality of the contralateral breast were evaluated by opposite breast biopsy. Our patient population yielded four noninfiltrating carcinomas, and one infiltrating carcinoma for an incidence of 4.5%. The one infiltrating cancer was suspected on a preoperative mammogram. We have discontinued the routine use of the opposite breast biopsy as a diagnostic tool in patients with unilateral breast cancer, in patients with no palpable abnormality and a normal mammogram. PMID- 1247968 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: clinical and historical aspects. AB - To further define and determine the usefulness of CEA, 1100 CEA determinations have been made over the past two years at The Ohio State University Hospitals on patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Correlation of CEA titers with history and clinical course has yielded interesting results not only in cancers of entodermally derived tissues, for which CEA has become an established adjunct in management, but also in certain other neoplasms and inflammatory states. The current total of 225 preoperative CEA determinations in colorectal carcinomas shows an 81% incidence of elevation, with postoperative titers remaining elevated in patients having only palliative surgery but falling to the negative zone after curative procedures. An excellent correlation exists between CEA levels and grade of tumor (more poorly differentiated tumors showing lower titers). Left-side colon lesions show significantly higher titers than right-side lesions. CEA values have been shown to be elevated in 90% of pancreatic carcinomas studied, in 60% of metastatic breast cancers, and in 35% of other tumors (ovary, head and neck, bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers). CEA levels in 35 ulcerative colitis patients show elevation during exacerbations (51%). During remissions titers fall toward normal, although in 31% still remaining greater than 2.5 ng/ml. In the six colectomies performed, CEA levels all fell into the negative zone postoperatively. Forty percent of adenomatous polyps showed elevated CEA titers (range 2.5-10.0) that dropped following polypectomy to the negative zone. Preoperative and postoperative CEA determinations are important in assessing the effectiveness of surgery. Serial CEA determinations are important in the follow-up period and in evaluation of the other modes of therapy (e.g., chemotherapy). These determinations of tumor antigenicity give the physician added prognostic insight into the behavior of the tumor growth. Rectal examination with guaiac determinations, sigmoidoscopy, cytology, barium enema, and a good clinical evaluation remain the primary tools for detecting colorectal disease. However, in the high-risk patient suspicious of developing cancer, CEA determinations as well as colonoscopy are now being used increasingly and provide additional highly valuable tools in the physician's armamentarium. PMID- 1247969 TI - The role of an intensive care unit in a cancer center. An analysis of 1035 critically ill patients treated for life-threatening complications editorial. AB - Life-threatening complications of cancer therapy often involve multiple organ systems and offer a therapeutic challenge which can be met with efficiency and success by concentrating personnel and equipment in a facility devoted to these problems. Three years ago, an Intensive Care Unit was created at Memorial Cancer Center to offer such patients the benefit of highly skilled nursing, advanced monitoring and supportive techniques, and full-time attendance by physicians and surgeons with a particular interest in Critical Care Medicine. Since then, 1035 patients have been admitted to the eight-bed unit with a mortality rate of 22.3%, which compares favorably with those reported from other institutions. Analysis of this experience has revealed that an average of 16% of those who survived their acute problems after considerable effort and expense, subsequently died of their underlying disease within 2 months. This experience has suggested the need for prognostic criteria to facilitate recognition of those patients for whom intensive supportive measures offer a reasonable chance of worthwhile palliation. PMID- 1247970 TI - Separate primary carcinomas of the esophagus and head and neck region in the same patient. AB - From 1949 to 1972 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 60 patients with primary cancers of both the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx (OPL) and esophagus were studied. In 15, the cancers occurred synchronously, and in 68% they occurred within 2 years of each other, the longest interval being 27 years. The tongue and extrinsic larynx were the most common sites of origin together with the middle third of the esophagus. During the same period, over 7000 patients with OPL and over 1000 patients with esophageal cancers were seen at this institution. The majority of patients had a history of excessive smoking and alcohol intake. Four out of nine who had previous radiation therapy for their OPL cancer developed esophageal cancer within the therapeutic field (three after 16, 25, and 27 years). Thirty percent (18/60) had three primary cancers; one had four, of which two were in the head and neck region. Two patients survived more than 5 years; both also had a third primary cancer of the lung. There are broader implications in this study: multiple primary cancers in general, and this group in particular, give us especially valuable clues as to the oncogenic influence of environmental factors as well as cellular, organ, and also systemic susceptibility. With one cancer, one can anticipate formation in other related organs. This provides an opportunity for early diagnosis, more effective management, and improved survival. The cause and effect relationship of tobacco and alcohol must be emphasized at every opportunity and most particularly to those who have developed one cancer in the oropharyngeal-laryngeal region. PMID- 1247971 TI - Transfer factor therapy in patients with cancer. AB - The objective of this study was to utilize transfer factor to stimulate cell mediated immunity to specific tumor antigens in cancer patients. Thirty-five selected patients with advanced recurrent cancer, who were not suitable for further conventional therapy, were treated with transfer factor. Transfer factor was prepared from cohabitants of the patients and administered at 2-week intervals. This immunotherapeutic approach produced a clinical effect in 13 patients in terms of regression of tumor (1), arrest of metastatic disease (14), or pain relief (14). Conversion of dermal reactivity to specific tumor antigens was observed during periods of clinical improvement. Despite continued immunotherapy, the duration of clinical improvement was short (2 weeks to 12 months). Seven of the 11 patients not responding to therapy exhibited serum blocking of lymphocyte responsiveness. In 11 patients there is insufficient data to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this therapy. The results suggest that transfer factor can stimulate specific cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients and produce a clinical effect on tumor under certain circumstances. PMID- 1247972 TI - Current status of research in detection and diagnosis. AB - Following the passage of the National Cancer Act of 1972, the National Cancer Institute created a Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis. This marked the renewal of a commitment of the National Cancer Institute to diagnostic research. Within the scope of diagnostic research there are three separate subheadings: screening or detection, diagnosis itself, and prognosis. Asymptomatic individuals are studied by screening procedures to determine if they might have a cancer. Those that are selected by the screen are then subject to definitive diagnostic procedures to determine whether they have a cancer. Prognosis attempts to predict the outcome from knowledge gained in the past. At the present time the only screening method that has been proven in a rigorous manner to be effective in reducing mortality is a combination of a physical examination and mammography for carcinoma of the breast. The Pap test is accepted but precisely how much it has reduced the mortality from cervical carcinoma remains to be determined. The National Cancer Institute is now engaged in research designed to test various aspects of screening to develop new screening techniques and to evaluate them. In the diagnostic field it is particularly concerned with imaging by radiologic means and ultrasound. Visualization by endoscopy is becoming important. These aspects of screening, diagnosis and prognosis will be reviewed. PMID- 1247973 TI - Who are we missing and why? AB - The concept of "missing" is defined as failure to diagnose cancer before it has spread beyond the organ of origin. Data are presented for the 11 sites at which cancer occurs most frequently in the United States. There is a clear association between the survival of patients with cancer of a particular site and the percentage of cancers of that site diagnosed in a localized stage. However, the reasons for variation in the proportion of cases discovered while localized, which varies from 79% for uterine corpus to 12% for pancreas, appear to be varied and complex. Available data suggest that the nature of the tumor-host relationship and metastatic potential of the neoplasm are probably more important than alertness on the part of the patient and the physician, and probably have a more profound influence on stage of disease at diagnosis than currently available screening techniques. PMID- 1247974 TI - What should the physician ask? AB - The physician who deals with the general public rather than with high risk groups has a considerable disadvantage to overcome. This is because the effectiveness or impact of a control program is directly related to the prevalence of the condition sought in the population at hand. Thus, the physician must develop a set of "verbal screens" which will permit him to select the sub-segments of his general population which should be screened conventionally. These verbal screens may be of two types: 1) a simple inquiry as to whether a generally accepted screening test has been applied within the last year or two, and 2) an inquiry as to whether any risk factors of the more common cancers are present. For cancer of the cervix, women who have first intercourse at an early age or who are of the lower social strata should be identified for screening. For breast cancer, women who are nulliparous, have first birth at a late age, or a family history of breast cancer should be identified. PMID- 1247975 TI - New horizons in lung cancer diagnosis. AB - Lung cancer is rarely diagnosed and treated while still localized. Sputum cytology allows detection of radiologically occult tumors but conventional endoscopic procedures frequently prove inadequate for localization. It is the purpose of this report to outline the endoscopic observations and methods we have developed in successfully localizing 17 consecutive, radiologically occult carcinomas discovered in the sputum of 15 patients. A detailed examination of the upper respiratory tract demonstrated occult tumors in two patients. A segment by segment fiberbronchoscopic study under anesthesia allows multiple brushings and meticulous handling of specimens. Lesion localization is provided as well as identification of synchronous second primary tumors. Biopsies at the lobar spur and carina assist in determining the proximal extent of carcinoma in situ at potential surgical margins. Newer methods should enhance our recognition of inapparent carcinoma in situ allowing more efficient and more accurate tumor localization and a better appreciation of its extent. PMID- 1247976 TI - Operative and endoscopic pancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - X-rays of the pancreatic duct can now be obtained by a nonoperative endoscopic approach (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-ERCP). After more than 2 years experience we have found that the pancreatic duct can be visualized in 85 to 90% of patients. This test is used to detect pancreatic carcinoma in the symptomatic patient and in searching for an operative pancreatic lesion in a patient with known recurrent or chronic pancreatitis. Many of these patients have pain or a transiently elevated amylase; a few have steatorrhea or abnormalities of the duodenal sweep on barium meal. Stenosis or obstruction of the main pancreatic duct with or without proximal duct dilation are the characteristic abnormalities noted in pancreatic carcinoma. A rare pancreatic tumor which is not in juxtaposition with the duct will have a normal pancreatogram although the common duct may be obstructed by cholangiography as it passes through the head of the pancreas. In patients with chronic pancreatitis it may be difficult to differentiate an inflammatory from a neoplastic stricture by either operative or endoscopic pancreatography. In the future, cytologic and biochemical examination of the pancreatic secretions obtained at ERCP may increase the accuracy of diagnosing carcinoma. PMID- 1247977 TI - Flexible colonoscopy. AB - Colonoscopy with fiberoptic instruments has opened new vistas in diagnosis and treatment of colonic disease. Such endoscopy requires skill, experience, and judgment to be accomplished readily and safely but permits visual examination of the entire colon and, frequently, the terminal ileum as well. Although in experienced hands colonoscopy may have greater diagnostic accuracy than the barium enema, particularly with respect to colorectal cancer and polyps, the two are complementary modalities and with their combined use an extremely high rate of detection and confirmed diagnosis can be expected. The Beth Israel group introduced the technique of snare-cautery removal of colonic polyps via the colonoscope and has now successfully resected over 2500 such polyps without a single death. This is the largest world experience. Selected polyps can be removed endoscopically as an ambulatory procedure, reducing costs and incapacitation time. Neoplastic polyps often harbor invasive cancer and their extirpation is expected to reduce the incidence of overt colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy and endoscopic polypectomy offers the opportunity to check the rising incidence, morbidity, and mortality related to colorectal cancer. PMID- 1247979 TI - Skeletal scanning in neoplastic disease. AB - Bone imaging techniques are a sensitive and accurate method for the detection of primary and secondary neoplastic disease of the skeleton. Such procedures have been demonstrated to be superior to evaluation via blood chemistry levels or routine skeletal radiographic surveys. These techniques are also helpful in establishing sites for biopsy and for objective evaluation of therapeutic modalities. They suffer the disadvantage of being nonspecific, and as a result, all positive areas identified by scanning techniques should be correlated with radiographic changes. PMID- 1247978 TI - Radionuclide liver scans in tumor detection: current concepts. AB - Because of the frequency of spread of tumors arising elsewhere to the liver, hepatic evaluation plays a key role in planning therapy. Dynamic radionuclide transit studies depend upon the dual blood supply of the liver (hepatic artery and portal vein) and can be a useful prelude to static imaging, as most intrahepatic tumors have an hepatic arterial blood supply. Since most tumors do not have the ability to accumulate a radioactive colloid, static views are usually obtained after injection of particulates, which are accumulated by the reticuloendothelial system. A gross defect on the radiocolloid scan simply indicates the presence of an intrahepatic abnormality, but does not identify the nature of the lesion. The possible role to be played by use of additional radiopharmaceuticals, with different properties, in identifying the intrahepatic process is discussed. Other uses of liver scans, such as in evaluating the response of known intrahepatic lesions to therapy, are pointed out. PMID- 1247980 TI - Ultrasonic imaging of neoplasms. AB - Reflected ultrasound scanning (echography) is rapidly developing into a prime tool for tumor diagnosis, outlining, and detection. The principles of echographic diagnosis of neoplasms, the accepted uses in detection and diagnosis, as well as some of the principles of internal and contour patterns are discussed. Echography is very helpful in determining the size, location, organ origin, internal characteristics, and course of neoplasms in the abdominal area, neck, and extremities. Echography is helpful in radiation therapy planning and is expected to assume an increasing role in the diagnosis and management of tumors. PMID- 1247981 TI - Interventional radiology. AB - Direct unencumbered visualization of areas of interest by image intensification combined with more invasive techniques of percutaneous puncture and angiography have extended the scope of the radiologist in the diagnosis and management of patients with neoplastic diseases. Percutaneous biopsies can be obtained more safely and with greater reliability from lesions of the lungs, skeleton, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Intravascular therapy by arterial occlusion of the neoplasm has been employed to control hemorrhage, to decrease tumor mass, and preoperatively to facilitate surgical removal. The possibility of initiating an immune response to the ischemic neoplasm is also discussed. PMID- 1247982 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: clinical application. AB - Carcinoembryionic antigen (CEA) a glycoprotein extracted from colonic cancer tissue (beta-globulin electrophoretic mobility, sedimentation coefficient 7 to 8S, and mol wt approximately 200,000) can be detected and measured by radioimmunoassay. Clinical evaluations of CEA determination have given the following results: In health: (1) Serum CEA level is not influenced by sex, age, blood type, time of blood sampling, or family history of cancer; (2) serum CEA level is influenced by a history of smoking or inflammatory disease of the bowel, lung, pancreas, and other organs (occasionally, a CEA level as high as 10 ng/ml is noted); and (3) currently, CEA positivity is defined as greater than 2.5 ng/ml, however, 5 ng/ml may be more realistic. In cancer: (1) CEA level may be increased in primary cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as well as in non GI neoplasia; (2) the CEA test is not recommended for screening to detect early cancer; (3) serum CEA level depends on the stage of the neoplasia and usually is not influenced by the grade of differentiation; and (4) markedly increased (greater than 25 ng/ml serum CEA values are highly suggestive of metastatic cancer, particularly hepatic metastasis. In biological fluid: The CEA or CEA-like activity can be measured in gastrointestinal secretions. Quantitative studies of CEA levels in such fluids may yield more information than is obtainable from studies of serum. However, this possibility needs more study at present. Therefore, the currently available CEA tests cannot replace any of the now standard diagnostic methods for cancer detection. This use for assessment of therapy in selected patients or for following those known to be a high risk for cancer appears promising in preliminary studies, but clinical value, if any, remains to be determined. PMID- 1247983 TI - Validity of screening. AB - The technical aspects of evaluation of screening programs to detect early disease are discussed. Screening is differentiated from diagnosis. The practical importance of specificity and sensitivity of screening tests is illustrated. The concept of evaluation of the total program is introduced. The determinants of successful programs are discussed with illustrations. PMID- 1247984 TI - Cancer of the pancreas: detection and diagnosis. AB - Since cancer of the pancreas is now the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in the United States, and since the signs and symptoms of this disease are such poor indicators of its presence, other more effective diagnostic methods must be utilized in an attempt to lower the mortality of pancreatic cancer. The newer studies which appear to hold some promise include endoscopy alone and in combination with pancreatography, selective and superselective angiography with or without pharmacologic assistance, and various forms of scanning. Resolution of some of the problems associated with the technique of biopsy and immunologic studies may make these studies of greater value. A clearer distinction between cancer arising in the pancreas itself from those lesions arising in the ampullary area will be of great value in clarifying both thinking and therapeutic approaches to the problem. Activation of the National Pancreatic Cancer Project and some other ongoing multi-institutional cooperative studies should do much to stimulate further advances in our knowledge about pancreatic cancer. PMID- 1247985 TI - The diagnosis of prostatic cancer. AB - The diagnosis and detection of genitourinary cancer covers a broad range of physical signs and instrumental observations which are not necessarily diagnostic. The primary diagnosis in most entities remains dependent upon histologic confirmation. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common, and at times, most difficult urogenital cancer to diagnose and detect. Many newer techniques today are designed to evaluate the stage of disease, and to detect heretofore occult metastatic foci. Immunologic assays may be of future prognostic value. PMID- 1247986 TI - Early detection of malignant melanoma. AB - Case examination of the skin is the first and foremost tool in the detection of skin cancer. Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma is possible with appreciation of certain color changes, surface changes, and border changes in pigmented lesions. Emphasis is placed upon these criteria for diagnosis and other associated phenomena that may lead to suspicion of early malignant melanoma. PMID- 1247987 TI - Advances in detection and diagnosis of head and neck tumors. AB - Cancers of the head and neck are accessible to both inspection and palpation in the majority of patients. This accessibility allows for improvements in detection, through education of the medical profession and also of the allied health personnel. Some of the new advances in detection and diagnosis have been associated with development of new instruments. A new lens system developed by Hopkins allows a brighter endoscopic image and a significantly greater breadth of field. Needle aspiration biopsy techniques have also improved both in facility of performance and in accuracy of diagnosis. Asteriography aids in the detection of carotid body tumors. Selective parathormone studies have considerably improved the preoperative accuracy of evaluating parathyroid disease. Scans, both using ultrasound and a fluorescent iodine scan have also improved the preoperative evaluation of thyroid tumors. A challenge of detection is the realization that there is an increased risk of the development of thyroid cancer in childhood and in adults in those patients who received radiation therapy to the head and neck during infancy or childhood. A national campaign to alert potential individuals at risk should be a prime objective of the American Cancer Society. PMID- 1247988 TI - The family physician's response to recent advances in early detection and diagnosis of cancer. PMID- 1247989 TI - Excretion of catecholamines in relatives of patients with familial neuroblastoma. AB - The urinary excretion of catecholamines in 13 close relatives of two distantly related patients with congenital neuroblastoma was investigated. One of these relatives was a child with already known ganglioneuroblastoma. The catecholamines noradrenaline and dopamine were determined. Vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid also were determined and numerous other catecholamine metabolites were measured. In contrast to some previous reports in the literature, no pathological excretion patterns were found in the healthy family members. PMID- 1247990 TI - Tumor angiogenesis activity in cells grown in tissue culture. AB - Normal, viral transformed and tumor-derived cells grown in tissue culture and representing different species were tested for their ability to produce an extracellular tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF). TAF was assayed by measuring the host-mediated vascular response of the chorioallantoic membrane to TAF preparations. All of the viral transformed and tumor-derived cells tested, including SVT2, SVW126, Welker 256 rat carcinoma, B-16 mouse melanoma, human glioblastoma, and human meningioma cells, produced TAF. The potency of the TAF preparations, as measured by the number of cells needed to induce a positive vascular response on the chorioallantoic membrane, varied from cell line to cell line. The most potent cells tested were the glioblastoma and maningioma brain tumor cells. Since these brain tumors are found to be the most highly vascularized tumors in vivo, it was concluded that a correlation exists between the vascularity of a tumor in vivo and the potency of TAF in vitro. There was no detectable angiogenesis activity induced by density-inhibited BALB/c primary mouse embryo or early-passage human skin fibroblasts, even when relatively large numbers of cells were used to make a sample. However, density-inhibited BALB/c 3T3 aan W138 human embryonic lung fibroblasts, two cell lines widely regarded as demonstrating "normal" growth behavior in culture, produced TAF. From these and other observations, it was suggested that BALB/c 3T3 and W138 are not fully "normal" cells. Furthermore, it was suggested that the production of TAF is an early event in the cell transformation process that precedes the loss of density inhibition of growth in vitro. PMID- 1247991 TI - Comparison of nude mice with the host species for evaluation of the tumorigenicity of guinea pig and hamster cells transformed in vitro by chemical carcinogens. AB - Nude mice (nu/nu) were compared with the species of origin for determination of the tumorigenicity of cells from chemical carcinogen-transformed and noncarcinogenic chemically treated, nontransformed guinea pig and Syrian hamster cultures. The incidence and time of appearance of progressively growing tumors were similar in the host species and in nude mice after injection of 10(7) transformed cells. Inoculation of 10(8) nontransformed cells routinely was nontumorigenic in the host species and in nude mice. The nude mouse has potential as a sensitive and reliable alternative host to the species of origin to elaluate the tumorigenicity of xenogeneic mammalian cells from cell culture model systems of carcinogenesis. PMID- 1247992 TI - Early effects of a single intrarectal dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in mice. AB - The early morphological and biochemical effects of intrarectally administered 1,2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride on mouse colon were studied. Using [3H]thymidine autoradiography, it was found that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, 250 mg/kg decreased the number of prelabeled DNA-synthesizing cells in the distal colon as early as 30 min after instillation. During the interval from 24 hr to 2 weeks, however, the opposite effect was seen; incorporation of [3H]thymidine increased 3- to 5-fold over controls. At lower doses (0.25 to 25 mg/kg), a similar trend was observed. Histological examination showed no dramatic changes in cell structure or in tissue architecture. No changes were seen in labeling indices in the proximal colon. In the liver, cellular alterations were seen at concentrations of 25 to 250 mg/kg, particularly in the centrolobular region. These changes were evident at 2 hr and disappeared by 4 hr. The kidney was unaffected by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride at any concentration. Our results suggest that enzymes capable of activating 1,2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride are located within the mucosal cells of the distal colon. PMID- 1247993 TI - Cell cycle synchronization of human lymphoid cells in vitro by 2,3-dihydro-1h imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole. AB - 2,3-Dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole (IMPY), a DNA synthesis-inhibitory drug, reversibly arrests growth of human lymphoblasts in vitro. DNA distribution histograms of cultures exposed to 0.5 to 2.0 mM IMPY show accumulation of cells with G1-early S DNA content. On reincubation in fresh medium, cell cycle traverse is resumed by the blocked cells in a synchronized manner. Maximum incorporation of [H3]thymidine into DNA (174 to 220% of control) and labeling indexes (72 to 86%) are seen after 4 hr of incubation, and a major increase in cell number is seen between the 9th and 13th hr. DNA distribution histograms of cells reincubated in fresh medium (after double block), show an initial increase in the number od cells with S-G2-M DNA content and a corresponding decrease in the number of G1-early S cells. After 4 hr of reincubation, a gradual increase in the number of G1-early S cells was seen as the earlier blocked cells completed cell cycle traverse and mitosis. Cells exposed to 2.0 mM IMPY took approximately 2 hr longer to traverse than did cells exposed to 0.5 mM IMPY. PMID- 1247994 TI - Effect of adriamycin on the cell cycle traverse and kinetics of cultured human lymphoblasts. AB - Exposure of cultured human lymphoblasts to adriamycin (ADM) (0.1 mug/ml for 24 hr or 0.5 mug/ml for 1 hr) leads to an accumulation of cells with the DNA content of late S and G2. Higher concentrations of ADM (0.5 to 10 mug/ml) inhibit cell cycle traverse. Effect of ADM on cell cycle traverse, cell growth, and incorporation of labeled precursors into DNA is dependent on drug concentration and length of exposure to ADM. Synchronized cells in G1 or G2 part of the cell cycle are less sensitive to ADM than cells in S phase. Similarly, plateau-phase cells are less sensitive to ADM than cells from log-phase cultures. PMID- 1247995 TI - Responsiveness of senescent mice to the antitumor properties of Corynebacterium parvum. AB - The antitumor properties of Corynebacterium parvum have been studied in young (3- to 8-month-old) and aged 18 or more months old) BALB/c mice given s.c., i.m., i.p., or i.v. transplants of the highly malignant, weakly immunogenic line 1 lung carcinoma, and in aged (25- to 33-month-old) BALB/c mice bearing primary mammary tumors. These aged BALB/c mice were shown to be less immunoresponsive than their younger counterparts, and this, in combination with nonimmunological factors, made them more sensitive to the lethal effects of the line 1 carcinoma. Correspondingly, C. parvum proved to have less antitumor activity in aged mice than it did in young mice. In spite of this relatively weaker antitumor activity for C. parvum in aged mice, repeated injections of this agent were able to induce temporary regressions of the primary mammary tumors studied and therby prolong survival time. PMID- 1247996 TI - Some biological properties and an in vivo evaluation of tyrosine phenol-lyase on growth of B-16 melanoma. AB - Tyrosine phenol-lyase from Erwinia herbicola was purified with the goal of assessing its effect on growth of malignant melanoma. Ammonium sulfate-sodium citrate fractionation and diethylaminoethyl cellulose-hydroxylapatite chromatography were used. The purified enzyme was shown to reduce plasma tyrosine levels when administered to normal C57BL x DBA/2 F1 mice. The plasma half-life value of the enzyme was found to be 6 to 7 hr. Unlike results reported with glutaminase and asparaginase preparations, the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus had no significant influence on plasma clearance of tyrosine phenol-lyase. The enzyme significantly inhibited growth of established B-16 melanoma tumors. PMID- 1247997 TI - Pituitary role in the growth of metastasizing MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma in rats. AB - MRMT-1 is a mammary carcinoma induced in immunologically impaired female Sprague Dawley rats fed 3-methylcholanthrene. Its biological characteristics include transplantability to syngeneic normal rats and spontaneous metastases to various organs. Hypophysectomy performed 48 hr after tumor inoculation resulted in tumor regression accompanied by the disappearance of the metastasis in lungs of all the animals. The hypophysectomized animals were given replacement treatments, such as transplantation of pituitary homogenates, pituitary homograft underneath the renal capsule, or prolactin administration, and the inhibited tumor growth was markedly reactivated, with the reappearance of lung metastasis. These results indicate that MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma is prolactin dependent. PMID- 1247998 TI - Intradermal transplantation in mice of small numbers of sarcoma cells followed by tumor growth and regression. AB - Relatively small numbers of Sarcoma 1 cells were transplanted intradermally in A/WySn mice to study the course of growth when the size of the transplant is comparable to an early stage of spontaneous cancer. Transplants of 31 to 32,000 cells took one of three courses: no apparent growth; development of tumor followed by regression; or progressive growth. Transplants of 8,000 cells were the most evenly divided among these three courses and were selected for further study. Bilateral tumors took the same course to regression or to continued growth with significant frequency. There was complete correlation between regression of a tumor and immunity to a challenge made 1 to 5 weeks after the original transplant. Persistent tumors had a similar relationship, but the immunity was less complete. Limited, inapparent growth, followed by regression, was indicated in some mice, simulating immunological surveillance. Serum from such mice, when administered systemically in other mice, apparently induced enhancement of intradermal transplants. PMID- 1248000 TI - Malignant neoplasms in the families of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. AB - Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive syndrome associated with a greatly increased incidence of malignant neoplasms in homozygous affected individuals. Heterozygotes for the gene for A-T are thought to comprise about 1% of the general population and, therefore, it is important to know whether this gene also predisposes the heterozygous carrier to cancers. Heterozygous carriers of this gene are common among the close relatives of patients with A-T, although individual carriers cannot be identified by any clinical criterion or laboratory test. For this reason, we compared the incidence of death from malignant neoplasms in 2 families of patients with A-T to that expected in a random sample of the general population. There were 59 deaths from malignant neoplasms in relatives dying before age 75, compared to 42.6 expected (p less than 0.02). For A-T heterozygotes younger than age 45, the risk of dying from a malignant neoplasm was estimated to be greater than 5 times the risk for the general population. A-T heterozygotes may comprise more than 5% of all persons dying from a cancer before age 45. The incidence of ovarian, gastric, and biliary system carcinomas and of leukemia and lymphoma was increased in these A-T families. Other neoplasms that may be associated with this gene in heterozygotes include pancreatic, basal cell, colonic, breast, and cervical carcinomas. PMID- 1247999 TI - Red blood cell metabolism in AKR mice in the prelymphomatous phase. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate erythrokinetics and in vitro red blood cell (RBC) glucose utilization, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate production, and adenosine triphosphate levels following incubation in AKR mice from early in life until the onset of AKR lymphoma. Normal BALB/c mice served as controls. While hemoglobin concentration and RBC survival remained constant and similar in both groups of mice, the half disappearance time of injected radioactive 59Fe was longer and the 48-hr reappearance of 59Fe was less in AKR mice, compared with those of BALB/c mice. In vitro RBC metabolic studies indicated increased glucose utilization and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate production and decreased adenosine triphosphate levels following incubation in AKR RBC, in contrast to those in BALB/c RBC. RBC metabolic studies were also done in a small group of low leukemic C3H mice, and were similar to BALB/c mice. These differences became most marked in RBC from mice aged 15 to 30 weeks. Overt lymphoma began to occur after age 40 weeks. Hence, these erythropoietic changes occurred prior to the onset of lymphoma. The data imply a direct effect of virus infection on RBC or their precursors. The results are similar to changes in RBC metabolism noted in Rauscher-infected BALB/c mice. The broader implication of these findings in reference to viral host interactions and human leukemogenesis is discussed. PMID- 1248001 TI - Immunosensitivity and histocompatibility antigens in drug-altered leukemic cells. AB - New antigenic properties of experimental lymphomas have been reported previously following in vivo treatment with antitumor agents. 5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1 triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) induced new antigenic characteristics on L1210 and L5178Y lymphomas, that were previously investigated in studies in animals compatible with the original untreated parental tumors. Here the L1210/DIC and L5178Y/DIC susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic lymphocytes and sera obtained from animals sensitized to DBA/2 histocompatibility antigens were studied. The original and the DIC tumors showed the same sensitivity to anti-DBA/2 cellular and humoral cytotoxicity. The immune response electied in allogeneic mice by the original and DIC sublines was evaluated by in vitro cell-mediated and humoral cytotoxic assay. Beyond the immune response to histocompatibility antigens, a specific, anti-DIC-antigen immunoreaction was not found. Inhibition assay of the cell-mediated cytotoxicity and absorption of the humoral cytotoxicity demonstrated that DIC-induced antigens are not reciprocally related in cell-surface concentration to the natural DBA/2 histocompatibility antigens associated with tumor cells of DIC lines. An experiment was conducted in which specific activity against the DIC-treated L5178Y/DIC cells was observed with anti-L5178Y/DIC rabbit immune serum absorbed with the parental L5178Y lymphoma. This finding provides additional support to previous studies indicating that treatment with DIC induced new antigens on the lymphoma cells. PMID- 1248002 TI - Suppressive role of indole on 2-acetylaminofluorene hepatotoxicity. AB - Indole is known to suppress the hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in rats and hamsters. For elucidation of the mechanism of its protective role, 2 experiments were conducted using young male rats. In the 1st experiment, the 24-hr biliary excretion of N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF)-glucuronide was measured after 2 and 4 weeks of dietary administration of 0.03% AAF with or without 1.6% indole. The amount of [9 14C]N-OH-AAF that was excreted as the glucuronide following a single i.p. injection of [9-14C]AAF was lower after 2 weeks in animals fed AAF and indole, as compared to those fed AAF alone [1.5 +/- 1.2% versus 19.6 +/- 3.6% S.E. (p less than 0.001)]. After 4 weeks of AAF administration without indole, the biliary excretion fell to 4.8 +/- 2.1%. This was also significantly higher than that of the animals fed both AAF and indole [1.8 +/- 1.2% (p less than 0.025)]. The suppressive role of indole on the conjugate excretion was also reflected in a decreased biliary excretion of all [9-14C]AAF metabolites in animals treated with indole alone. In the 2nd experiment, the protective action of indole was assessed by survival following daily i.p. injections of N-OH-AAF and Na2SO4 solution. Na2SO4 increased the hepatotoxicity of N-OH-AAF. Indole suppressed the toxicity of N-OH-AAF even in the presence of Na2SO4. This protective role of indole was partially overcome only when excess sulfate was coadministered. These results indicate that indole suppresses the biliary excretion of the O-glucuronide of N OHAAF during the initial exposure of the animal to the carcinogen, possibly reflecting decreased N-OH-AAF formation. Indole also modifies the metabolism of AAF FOLLOWING N-hydroxylation, perhaps activating N-OH-AAF, depending upon the concentration of sulfate available. PMID- 1248004 TI - Non-histone chromosomal proteins of chemically transformed neoplastic cells in tissue culture. AB - Chromatin proteins from control and dimethylnitrosamine-transformed baby hamster kidney cells were comparbd by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our results indicate that non-histone chromosomal proteins from transformed cells contained protein components of low and intermediate electrophoretic mobility, which were deficient in normal cells. Comparison of the relative amount of incorporation of labeled amino acids into non-histone chromosomal proteins showed that protein components with a molecular weight of about 60,000 M.W. had a markedly increased labeling activity in the chemically transformed cells. These results suggest that changes in non-histone chromosomal proteins are associated with neoplastic transformation by chemical carcinogens. PMID- 1248003 TI - The effect of gonadal ablation on transplacentally induced neurogenic tumors in hamsters. AB - The effects of gonadectomy on tumors induced transplancentally by the ethylnitrosourea precursors, ethylurea and sodium nitrite, were investigated in hamsters. The pregnant hamsters were exposed to four daily doses of ethylurea (100 mg/kg) and sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg) administered from Day 12 to 15 of pregnancy. Weaned offspring were gonadectomized when they reached the age of 5 weeks. Orchiectomized male progeny showed a multiplicity and greater frequency of peripheral nervous system tumors and of any other tumor types than did intact males or their ovariectomized and intact female siblings. The possible inhibitory effects of endogenous androgens on the development and growth of neurogenic tumors in the peripheral nervous system and the influence of an induced endocrinal imbalance on prenatally induced neoplasms are discussed. PMID- 1248005 TI - Placenta-like alkaline phosphatase in gynecological cancers. AB - In 302 patients with tumors of the cervix, corpus uteri, and ovaries, assessment by clinical staging (tumors-nodules-metastasis system) (4) and histopathology has been related to the presence of serum heat-stable, placenta-lide alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) activity. Early stages of cervical tumors show the highest incidence of this isoenzyme. In advanced stages of this disease, a decrease in frequency was observed that might be interpreted as the result of gradual dedifferentiation of the tumor cells to a point where synthesis of PLAP became undetectable. The same observation was made in adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, i.e., patients with advanced disease tended to have the lowest incidence of serum PLAP. Only in cancers of the ovaries did we find a positive correlation between this enzyme marker and the extent of the disease. In more than one-third of the patients examined, PLAP levels were an index of the tumor burden. PMID- 1248006 TI - Exchangeable intracellular methotrexate levels in the presence and absence of vincristine at extracellular drug concentrations relevant to those achieved in high-dose methotrexate-folinic acid "rescue" protocols. AB - Studies were undertaken to (a) assess intracellular methotrexate (MTX) levels at extracellular drug concentrations comparable to those achieved in high-dose MTX folinic acid rescue protocols and (b) establish whether there is a rationale for the use of vincristine in these regimens. The data indicate that only low levels of exchangeable MTX (intracellular MTX in excess of the tightly bound fraction) accumulated in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at high extracellular MTX concentration. For instance, the exchangeable steady-state intracellular MTX level was approximately 6.5 muM when the extracellular drug concentration was 85 muM. Over the interval of these experiments, exchangeable intracellular MTX did not exceed approximately 10 muM even when extracellular MTX was raised to 250 muM. These exchangeable intracellular MTX concentrations are comparable to those levels required experimentally to suppress (a) tetrahydrofolate synthesis from dihydrofolate and (b) tetrahydrofolate-dependent purine, pyrimidine, and amino acid synthesis in these cells in vitro. Vincristine (10 muM) augmented net MTX accumulation when the extracellular MTX level was 10, 100, or 250 muM. The limited capacity of cells to accumulate exchangeable intracellular MTX and the apparent role for this intracellular MTX component in achieving the metabolic effects of this agent may account for the necessity for high MTX blood levels in the treatment of some tumors and may be the basis, in part, for the enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy of high-dose MTX regimens. These studies provide a rationale for the combined use of vincristine and MTX in high-dose MTX protocols. The addition of vincristine may permit the achievement of the level of exchangeable intracellular MTX that is required to critically inhibit tetrahydrofolate synthesis without an increase in the extracellular MTX concentration. This may permit a reduced MTX dose, diminishing the excretory load on the kidney and minimizing nephrotoxicity due to deposition of MTX in the renal tubule and interstitium. While the data indicate that the ratio of the concentration of exchangeable intracellular MTX to the extracellular drug concentration may be very low under steady-state conditions at high extracellular drug levels, further studies are required to establish that these steady-state gradients for MTX represent nonequilibrium conditions. PMID- 1248007 TI - Tumor colony formation by Friend virus-infected cells in immunosuppressed mice. AB - We have investigated the role of host immunological factors in the formation of "tumor colonies" in the spleens of unirradiated C57BL/6 X C3Hf/Bi FI mice 9 days after i.v. injection of spleen cells from Friend virus (FV)-infected C3Hf/Bi donors. Pretreatment of hosts with antilymphocyte serum (ATS) increased the number of tumor colonies. Pretreatment with formalinized FV-infected cells had the opposite effect, and ATS diminished the inhibitory effect of preimmunization. Cell suspensions from 11 individual FV-infected donors were examined. The suspensions differed with respect to their behavior on transplantation into untreated and ATS-pretreated F1 hybrid hosts. With several suspensions, the number of tumor colonies produced was approximately proportional to the number of cells injected; in all of these, ATS increased the slope of the line relating colony number to cell number. With most of the suspensions, tumor colony-forming efficiencies in untreated hosts strikingly decreased with increasing number of cells injected; ATS induced an increase in the number of tumor colonies and rendered the colony-forming response more nearly proportional to cell number. With two suspensions, few or no colonies developed; pretreatment with ATS had no significant effect. When the 11 cell suspensions were considered together, a proportional relation was found between the magnitude of the ATS effect (i.e., colony number in the presence of ATS minus colony number in the absence of ATS) and the colony-forming efficiency in ATS-treated mice. The ATS effect on the average was equivalent to a 2-fold increase in tumor colony-forming efficiency. We interpret these findings to indicate that two factors interact to determine the number of tumor colonies produced by spleen cells from FV-infected C3H donors in untreated F1 hybrid hosts. One is a property of the FV-infected cell population and includes its frequency of tumor colony-forming units; this factor varies widely among different cell suspensions. The other is a property of the tumor colony-forming units-host interrelationship and includes the vulnerability of tumor colony-forming units to the host immune response elicited by the injected cells; this factor appears to be constant with different cell suspensions. The present results show that the two factors can be dissociated in immunosuppressed hosts. PMID- 1248008 TI - Effect of N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil on nucleic acid and protein biosyntheses in Ehrlich ascites cells. AB - N1-(2'-Tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) is a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and has been accepted as a new chemotherapeutic drug. The inhibitory effects of FT-207 and 5-FU on nucleic acid and protein biosyntheses in Ehrlich ascites cells were compared. Both drugs markedly inhibited the incorporation in vivo of the labeled precursors into nucleic acid and protein. The inhibitory effect of FT-207 on DNA and RNA synthesis lasted for a long period of time. Two hr after administration of 5-FU (250 mug/g body weight), the absolute size of uracil pool of liver increased by at least 50%. However, in an in vitro study, FT 207 at a concentration of 60 mug/ml produced no effect on the incorporation of precursors into DNA and RNA of Ehrlich ascites cells 3 hr incubation. If 5-FU was added to Ehrlich ascites cell suspension simultaneously with [5-3H]uridine, the incorporation of the labeled precursor into RNA increased by 30 to 50%. PMID- 1248009 TI - Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of triazinate in humans. AB - Twenty-four patients with advanced solid tumors and seven with acute leukemia were treated with a triazine folate antagonist, triazinate, to determine the toxicity spectrum, the maximum tolerated dose, and the pharmacological disposition of the drug. Negligible toxicity was seen with single doses of 20 to 225 mg/sq m given as a 0.5-hr infusion. Single doses of 300 to 600 mg/sq m infused over 0.5 to 3 hr caused moderate to severe central neurological impairment with light headedness, somnolence, visual disturbances, weakness, and in one patient, severe respiratory distress and cyanosis. Skin, mucous membrane, and bone marrow toxicity were mild to moderate with single doses. When triazinate was given by a multiple-dose schedule every 12 to 24 hr, there was no neurological toxicity, but mucositis, skin toxicity, and myelotoxicity were increased. Five patients developed an erythematous to desquamative rash at the site of previous or concurrent radiotherapy. Serum disappearance of triazinate was at least bionsiderable variation from patient to patient. Single i.v. doses of 300 mg/sq m resulted in serum levels of 10(-5) M or higher for 8 hr and, with repeated doses, this level could be maintained. Administration p.o. resulted in serum concentrations less than 10% of that achieved after i.v. administration. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were 2% or less of the serum levels in five or six patients, 1 to 4 hr after i.v. treatment. Urinary excretion varied from 12 to 71% (median, 43%) of the total dose injected during the first 24 hr. Measurable objective solid tumor responses were not seen in this Phase 1 study, although two patients had stabilization of previously advancing disease. Decreases in peripheral blasts occurred in both types of acute leukemia, but improvement in the bone marrow was not observed. PMID- 1248010 TI - The conversion of an ovariectomy-nonresponsive to an ovariectomy-responsive mammary tumor strain. AB - MTW9, a transplantable mammary tumor in Wistar Furth rats, shows little growth unless host serum prolactin is increased. This study compares the response to ovariectomy of MTW9-MtT, a tumor developed in rats bearing the mammosomatotropic tumor MtTW10 (serum prolactin 500 to 7000 ng/ml) with MTW9-P developed in rats given chronic perphenazine treatment (4 mg/kg/day). Serum prolactin concentrations were 150 to 600 ng/ml in MTW9-P bearing rats. MTW9-MtT does not regress after ovariectomy but does regress after surgical removal (resection) of MtT. Ovariectomy plus MtT resection leads to greater tumor regression than MtT resection alone. MTW9-P does not regress when perphenazine administration is stopped but does regress after ovariectomy, whether or not rats are given perphenazine. Administration of estradiol (10 mug/day) to rats with complete ovariectomy-induced regression of MTW9-P results in regrowth of tumor. These data suggest that MTW9-P may represent a clone of MTW9 with a lower requirement for prolactin. PMID- 1248011 TI - The inhibition of DNA synthesis by cannabinoids. AB - Several of the cannabinoids found in marihuana have been shown to inhibit tumor growth and increase the life-span of mice bearing the Lewis lung adenocarcinoma. When trypsin-dispersed isolated Lewis lung cells are incubated in vitro, they maintain their capacity to carry out macromolecular synthesis (RNA, DNA, protein). This process can be inhibited by cytosine arabinoside, actinomycin D, or methyl-1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, whereas cyclophosphamide, an agent that must be bioactivated, was inactive. Inhibition of DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine uptake into acid-insoluble material was used as an index of cannabinoid activity against isolated Lewis lung cells, L1210 leukemia cells, and bone marrow cells incubated in vitro delta9-, delta8-, 1-hydroxy-3-n pentyl-, and 1-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabinol demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis whereas cannabidiol and 1-hydroxy-3-n pentylcannabidiol were markedly less inhibitory in our in vitro cell systems. Furthermore, our in vitro observations with these cannabinoids are supported by in vivo tumor inhibition studies. Ring modifications as in cannabichromene or cannabicyclol abolish in vitro activity as does dihydroxylation at the 8beta and 11 positions of 1-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol. Delta9-trans tetrahydrocannabinol demonstrated the least toxicity of all inhibitory cannabinoids in vivo; this is supported by its lesser effect on bone marrow DNA synthesis in vitro. PMID- 1248012 TI - Stabilization of concanavalin A by metal ligands. AB - Metal-free concanavalin A is readily and irreversibly inactivated by temperatures above 60 degrees. Manganese ion completely prevents the thermal aggregation of the protein at 60 and 70 degrees, and partially protects at 80 degrees, but shows no protective properties at 90 degrees. Managanese protection against thrermal aggregation was found to be maximal at pH 4-8. The precipitation between glycogen and Mn2+-stabilized conanavian A is partially inhibited at temperatures greater than 30 degrees, but can be reversed by cooling to room temperature... PMID- 1248013 TI - [Sythesis of 2-acetamido-2-desoxy-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D- glucopyranose (N-acetyllactosamine]. PMID- 1248014 TI - Selectively blocked derivatives of muco-inositol and their conversion into derivatives of epi- and cis-inositol. AB - Benzylation, and then hydrolysis, of 1, 2:4, 5-di-O-isopropylidene-muco-inositol (1) gave 3, 6-di-O-benzyl-muco-inositol (3). This was converted into a series of derivatives, including the 1, 5-di-O-benzoyl-3, 6-di-O-benzyl-2, 4-di-p toluenesulfonate 7. The resistance to displacement of the sulfonate groups in 7 prevented conversion of 7 into an intermediate for the synthesis of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Monobenzylation of 1, followed by an oxidation reduction cycle, yielded 6-O-benzyl-1, 2:4, 5-di-O-isopropylidene-epi-inositol (10). From this was synthesized a series of epi-inositol derivatives, analogous to the muco series but less complete. For derivatives of 1, 2:5, 6-di-O isopropylidene-epi- and muco-inositol, the p. m. r. data indicate modified skew conformations. The reaction of the 3, 6-di-p-bromobenzenesulfonate (17) of 1 with anhydrous hydrazine proceeded in part by S-O cleavage to regenerate 1, and in part by displacement of both sulfonate groups by the same nitrogen atom. The resulting, novel 1, 4-epimino-cis-inositol was converted into further derivatives. PMID- 1248015 TI - Hydrazinolysis and nitrous acid deamination of the carbohydrate moiety of alpha1 acid glycoprotein. AB - Hydrazinolysis followed by nitrous acid deamination of alpha1-acid glycoprotein gave acidic and neutral mono- and oligo-saccharides that contain 2,5-anhydro-D mannose as reducing residue: alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-2,5-anhydro D-mannose (1), beta D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-2,5-anhydro-D-mannose (3), 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose, and two N acetylneuraminic acid-containing oligosaccharides having the common partial sequence: NeuNAc-(2 leads to ?)-[BETA-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-2,5-anhydro-D mannose] (5). This specific cleavage of 2-amino-s-deoxy-D-glucosyl linkages released almost quantitatively a very limited number of saccharides. Reduction with sodium borotritide of the products of cleavage allowed the precise determination of the molar proportion of 1, 3, and free 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose. PMID- 1248016 TI - Selective N-desulfation of heparin with dimethyl sulfoxide containing water or methanol. AB - A solvolytic N-desulfation of heparin was developed by treatment of its pyridinium salt with dimethyl sulfoxide containing 5% of water or methanol for 1.5 h at 50 degrees. Chemical and chromatographic studies showed that the solvolytic desulfation is a useful method for N-desulfation of heparin without depolymerization of the heparin molecule. The partially N-desulfated heparins were also obtained by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide containing 5% of water at 20 degrees, and their anticoagulant activity is related to the degree of N desulfation. PMID- 1248017 TI - [The perspectives of prevention in geriatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248018 TI - [Psychotronics]. PMID- 1248019 TI - [Effect of phenobarbital and nikethamide on the creatine and creatinine metabolism in the newborn]. PMID- 1248020 TI - [Current status and perspectives of education in medical genetics]. PMID- 1248021 TI - [Some less common types of chromosomal rearrangement. Their identification and clinical manifestations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248022 TI - The cellular organization and nervous supply of the basilar papilla in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. AB - The basilar papilla of the lizard Calotes versicolor contains about 225 sensory cells. These are of two types: the short-haired type A cells in the ventral (apical) part of the organ, and the type B cells with long hair bundles, in the dorsal (basal) part of the organ. The type A cells are unidirectionally oriented and are covered by a tectorial membrane while the type B cells lack a covering structure and their hair bundles are oriented bidirectionally. Apart from those differences, the type A and type B cells are similar. They are columnar, and display the features common to most sensory cells in inner ear epithelia. The sensory cells are separated by supporting cells, which have long slender processes that keep the sensory cells apart. Close to the surface of the basilar papilla a "terminal bar" of specialized junctions interlocks adjacent cells. Below this adjacent supporting cells are linked by an occluding junction. The cochlear nerve enters from the medial (neural) aspect. The fibres of the nerve lose their myelin sheaths as they enter the basilar papilla. Each sensory cell is associated with several nerve endings. All the nerves identified were afferent. Marked variations were seen between nerve endings in the basilar papilla, but no morphological equivalents of any functional differences were observed. PMID- 1248023 TI - Distribution of the glio-interstitial system in molluscs. II. Electron microscopy of tonic and phasic muscles in the digestive tract of Aplysia and other opisthobranchs. AB - The muscular walls of the buccal mass and the oesophagus of Aplysia rosea and Glossodoris tricolor were studied by electron microscopy. The cytological features of the muscle cells, neuro-muscular junctions and a neuro-glial junction are described. This junction between an axon and a teloglial process, in the oesophagus of Aplysia, possesses all the cytological differentiations of a typical molluscan synapse. Particular attention is drawn to the distribution of the glio-interstitial tissue and the size of the extracellular spaces in these muscular organs. The classification of these muscle into 'tonic' and 'phasic' types is discussed. From this study and other data, it is concluded that the development of the glio-interstitial tissue in the muscular organs of molluscs is correlated with the size of the extracellular spaces rather than with the type of contraction of the muscle. PMID- 1248024 TI - Intracellular transport of sulfated macromolecules in parotid acinar cells. AB - Intracellular transport of sulfated macromolecules in parotid acinar cells was investigated by electron microscopic radioautography after injection of 35S sulfate. Ten minutes after injection radiosulfate was concentrated in the Golgi region. By 1 hr, much of the radioactive material had been transported to condensing vacuoles. These vacuoles were subsequently transformed into zymogen granules which contained almost 70% of the radioactivity 4 hrs after injection. These results indicate that, in addition to its packaging function, the Golgi apparatus in parotid acinar cells is capable of utilizing inorganic sulfate for the production of sulfated macromolecules. These molecules, following an intracellular route similar to that taken by digestive enzymes, become an integral component of zymogen granules. The possibility that sulfated macromolecules play a role in exocrine secretion by aiding in the packaging of exportable proteins is discussed. PMID- 1248025 TI - Comparison of in vitro and in vivo cell cycle parameters of lymphoid cells in pig spleens. AB - Parameters of the cell cycle of lymphoid cells were estimated by analyzing percent labeled mitoses curves after a 3H-thymidine flash. Either anaesthetized pigs were labeled and multiple biopsies taken from the spleen in vivo or isolated perfused pig spleens were labeled in vitro. The data from in vivo and in vitro experiments were very similar. The mean values for cell cycle parameters were: 20.2 to 20.5 hours for the generation time, about 0.5 to 1 hour for G2, about 1.2 to 1.3 hours for M; about 17 to 16.4 hours for S and about 1.5 to 1.7 hours for G1. The mean grain count halving time of labeled mitoses was in accordance with the measured generation time. The isolated perfused spleen seems to give results equal to in vivo data and could, therefore, be employed as a model for studying cell cycle parameters not only in animal but also in human lymphoid tissue. PMID- 1248026 TI - Circadian changes in prolactin cell activity in the pituitary of the teleost Poecilia latipinna in freshwater. AB - Quantitative morphometric studies with the electron microscope were made on the prolactin cells of wild freshwater sailfin mollies taken in Florida in August at four different times of day. The results indicate a circadian rhythm in the prolactin cell, the period of highest synthetic activity being from midday to evening, as indicated by the condition of nucleus, Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and by the incidence of granule release profiles. No circadian changes were detected in the ACTH cells. Several distinct sites of prolactin granule release were recognised. However, there was no conclusive evidence of granule release by any mechanism other than classical exocytosis. PMID- 1248027 TI - The pineal gland of the mole (Talpa europaea L.) III. A fluorescence histochemical study. AB - The pineal gland of the mole, a mammal which lives in permanent darkness, has been studied using fluorescence histochemistry. An extensive catecholaminergic innervation is demonstrated. A yellow formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, characteristic of indoleamines, was not observed. If formaldehyde vapour treatment was omitted in the procedure, numerous cells containing yellow-orange autofluorescent material could be shown. The nature and possible function of this material is discussed. PMID- 1248028 TI - Immuno-cytochemical demonstration of the inability of the homozygous Brattleboro rat to synthesize vasopressin and vasopressin-associated neurophysin. AB - Immuno-enzyme cytochemical investigations have shown that, (1) the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the Brattleboro rat, as in the normal rat, contain separate neurons which produce oxytocin + neurophysin; (2) the hereditary inability of the Brattleboro rat to synthesize vasopressin and its associated neurophysin is due to a biochemical defect of separate "neurophysin vasopressin" neurons in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei. These observations strongly support the hypotheses that (1) vasopressin and its associated neurophysin are formed via a common precursor, and (2) the initial point of intracellular appearance of the hereditary defect in the Brattleboro rat lies in the synthesis of this precursor, which occurs on ribosomes. Moreover, observations have demonstrated that, in the Brattleboro rat, in addition to the hereditary inability of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system to synthesize vasopressin, there also exists a similar hereditary defect in the hypothetical parvicellular suprachiasmatic-median eminence neurosecretory system. PMID- 1248029 TI - Specific arrangements of membrane particles at sites of exo-endocytosis in the freeze-etched neurohypophysis. AB - Images have been obtained from freeze-etch replicas of neurohypophyses which are consistent with the view that orderly arranged aggregates of membrane particles occur in regions where fragments of membrane are being added to and taken away from the plasma membrane during secretion. Aggregates of particles included rosette-like and necklace-like patterns similar to those described by other authors at sites of exocytosis and endocytosis. PMID- 1248030 TI - The prebifurcation section of the axon of the rat spinal ganglion cell. AB - The long nonmyelinated portion of the unipolar process of spinal ganglion cells resembles in many instances the perikaryon and is characterized by the following structural pecularities: 1. The surface membrane displays numerous invaginations and evaginations, which interdigitate with folds of the investing satellite cells, resulting in a considerable increase of the area of intercellular contact. The intercellular gap frequently widens to intercellular cisternae. 2. The axolemma of the most distal part of the nonmyelinated portion is undercoated by dense material and thus resembles the "initial segment" of multipolar nerve cells. 3. The unipolar process of spinal ganglion cells shows a conspicuously high density of neurotubules. The neurotubules frequently collect into fascicles in the same manner as was described for the initial segment of multipolar nerve cells. 4. The nonmyelinated part as well as the first internodes of the myelinated part of the unipolar cell process contain a highly developed axoplasmic reticulum, many-partly huge-mitochondria, a striking number of dense bodies and clusters of ribosomes. The myelin sheath of the first internodes of the unipolar process is unusually thin in relation to their axon diameters. At successive internodes the thickness of the myelin sheath increases stepwise, the Schwann cell loops of the paranodal zones changing their appearence correspondingly. In the great number of ultrathin sections scanned in this study, not one synapse was found, neither in the unmyelinated initial segment nor in the soma. PMID- 1248032 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for a muscle layer in the wall of the terminal hepatic venule in the rat. AB - Electron microscopically smooth muscle cells could be detected in the walls of the terminal hepatic venules of the rat liver. These muscle cells are double layered in the following venous channels, the intercalated veins. It is supposed that these smooth muscle cells play an important role as outlet sphincters of the liver sinusoids. Furthermore, fenestrations could be found in the endothelial lining of terminal hepatic venules. PMID- 1248031 TI - Organ culture of adult rat and mouse tracheal epithelium: I. Ultrastructure following various culture periods. AB - Electron microscopic studies of adult rat and mouse tracheal epithelium maintained in organ culture for a period of up to 6 days were performed. In specimens cultured for 60 minutes no conspicuous micromorphological alterations could be observed. Following culture periods from 1-6 days the number of cilia in some of the ciliated cells was reduced while their structure and the other ultrastructural details of the epithelial cells were preserved. In specimens cultured for 5-6 days some additional alterations could be noticed: polymorphism of mitochondria, increased number of lysosomes, appearance of intracellular vacuoles, exhaustion of goblet cells and disappearance of granulated mast-cell like cells in the rat tracheal epithelium. PMID- 1248033 TI - Distribution of monoaminergic neurons in the nervous system of non-malacostracan crustaceans. AB - A comparative investigation of the distribution of monoaminergic neurons in non malacostracan crustaceans was performed with the histochemical fluorescence method of Falck-Hillarp. Two fluorophores were found: the more widespread of the two emits a green fluorescence; and the more sparsely distributed emits a yellow to brown-yellow fluorescence. Specific green fluorescent areas were shown to exist in the protocerebrum. The central body and the optic ganglia of the compound eye (where present) are always fluorescent. Moreover, the centre of the nauplius eye may have a green fluorophore, as in ostracods, and a neuropile area, here called the frontal area. These neuropile centres are known from ordinary histological studies of the nervous system. In addition, there are specific monoaminergic centres, such as the so-called dorsal area of phyllopods and anostracans as well as the copepod specific areas. Specific monoaminergic areas appear in the deutocerebrum and the suboesophageal ganglion where they are particularly well developed. Presumed sensory neurons in the cavity receptor organ of Artemia saliva are shown to be monoaminergic. Monoaminergic sensory neurons have not been described previously in Arthropods. Presumed motor innervation of hind-gut and trunk muscles is also found, and it is concluded that in crustaceans neurons of every type (sensory, internuncial, motor) may be monoaminergic. PMID- 1248034 TI - Morphological changes of osteoblasts in vitro. AB - The appearance of neonate rat endocranial osteoblasts exposed in situ and fixed immediately was compared with that of similar osteoblasts organ cultured for short periods of up to 48 hours in control medium and serum alone, or with added parathyroid extract (PTE). Normal osteoblasts showed a range of variation in size and shape, degree of elongation and orientation. Culturing the osteoblasts resulted in an overall loss of elongation and ordering of the cells, and the production of dorsal ruffles which were more complex and larger in the longer culture times. PTE added to the culture medium caused an increase in cell elongation and a striking recordering of the osteoblasts into domains of parallel cells. The swirling patterns made by these domains were similar to those of the underlying bone collagen. Ruffles, where present, were small and more often peripheral than dorsal. The results indicate that fully differentiated osteoblasts are able to adapt very rapidly to survival and function in culture conditions, and that the endocytosis necessary for synthetic activity is suppressed by PTE although some cell movement may continue. PMID- 1248035 TI - Eelctron microscopy of unstained fresh air-dried spreads of mouse pancreas acinar cells and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of zymogen granules. AB - Electron microscopy of unstained, fresh air-dried spreads of the mouse pancreas has disclosed various substructures of acinar cells. The nucleus with a nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes, mitochondria with dense granules, lysosomes, intracisternal granules, and zymogen granules with a core surrounded by a halo, and a boundary membrane were observable under a conventional electron microscope. Five zymogen granules of an acinar cell were examined by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Peaks for phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and potassium were detected in all of the zymogen granules examined, which confirmed a previous report (Takaya, 1975b). By increasing the integrated pulse counting time up to 300 seconds, calcium and magnesium were detected in two of the granules in addition to the elements mentioned above. No peaks for either copper or zinc were observed when nylon grids were used. The electrolyte content of zymogen granules and of acinar initial fluid is discussed in relation to the secretory mechanism of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 1248036 TI - Topographical differences of RNA labelling in rat brain after intraventricular administration of labelled RNA precursors. AB - 14C-uridine or 14C-orotic acid was injected into the third or fourth brain ventricle of adult rats. The rate of incorporation of these precursors into the RNA of various brain regions was studied by autoradiography. 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after the injection of labelled uridine and/or orotic acid into the third ventricle, a very uneven labelling of different brain regions was observed. The highest grain density was found over the ventricular walls and in the closely adjacent brain tissue; the intensity of labelling decreased sharply with distance from the ventricular lumen. 24 hours after intraventricular injection, a medio-lateral gradient of grain density was no longer observed. An intense labelling of leptomeninx (especially at the base of the brain) and of ependymal cells was observed at all time intervals investigated. At time intervals 0.5-2 hours the grain density of these structures surpassed by a considerable amount the grain density over neurona, glial cells or neuropile. Two hours after the injection of 14C-orotic acid into the fourth ventricle, the grains were mainly localised over leptomeningeal cells and vessels at the base of the brain and in the adjacent narrow strip of brain tissue. The rest of the brain was only very faintly labelled. PMID- 1248037 TI - Quantitative autoradiographic assessment of 3H-estradiol uptake in immunocytochemically characterized pituitary cells. AB - Dry-mount autoradiography was combined with peroxidase immunocytochemistry to examine estrogen uptake in four pituitary cell types. Quantification by silver grain counts was used to compare 3H-estradiol uptake in nuclei of pituitary cells 60 min after i.v. injection into short-term (control) and long-term ovariectomized and in long-term thyroidectomized rats. Under all three hormonal states, the order of labeling intensity was: gonadotropes greater than somatotropes greater than lactotrops greater than thyrotropes. Long-term ovariectomy caused a significant increase in estrogen uptake of gonadotropes, somatotropes and lactotropes, while uptake in thyrotropes decreased. Long-term thyroidectomy decreased uptake in somatotropes, lactotropes and thyrotropes while gonadotropes remained unchanged. PMID- 1248039 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of bone cells in culture. AB - Embryonic and young rat bone cells have been growing in culture and examined in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with cells fixed in situ and taken directly from the animal, the cultured osteoblastic cells were smoother, flatter and more extensive and showed tighter intercellular contacts. Some matrix is formed in culture and undergoes at least partial mineralization as judged by the accumulation of Ca and P measured by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Findings concerning the morphology of the collagen arrangement were indecisive. Some superficial cells, free of surrounding matrix, resembled osteocytes in normal in vivo bone. This may indicate that a proportion of the extracellular matrix produced by the cultured cells failed to polymerise into recognizable bone matrix, and that osteocytic morphology is not dependent upon the physical characteristics of the bone matrix. PMID- 1248038 TI - Freeze-fracture observations on the intercellular junctions of Sertoli cells and of Leydig cells in the human testis. AB - Normal and feminized human testes were examined by means of freeze-fracture. In both cases, the junctional complexes between adjacent Sertoli cells show a unique characteristic feature. Many parallel linear occluding junctions are located circumferentially around the cell surface at the level of the nucleus. They are more than forty in number over one Sertoli cell surface. In the A face, the particles are not prominent on the ridge of the junctions. Instead, they are clearly seen in the center of the groove of the junctions on the B face. Gap junctions consisting of particle aggregation are not found between the Sertoli cells. The gap junctions between the Leydig cells are frequently observed in both normal and feminized testes. They are round or elliptic in contour and about several micrometers in diameter. The particles, about 8 nm in diameter, are closely packed to form a quasi-hexagonal pattern. The pits are found on the B face corresponding to the particle aggregation. PMID- 1248040 TI - A critical reevaluation of the structure of the rat uriniferous tubule as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The fine structure of luminal surface of clearly identified portions of uriniferous tubules has been studied by scanning electron microscopy to elucidate some controversies concerning the topography of certain surface formations. The results show a characteristic pattern of the luminal surface in the region of Henle's loop, which was assumed by previous authors, to belong to the collecting tubule. Furthermore it is demonstrated that no cilia are present within the terminal portion of the collecting tubules. PMID- 1248041 TI - Morphometric classification of neurosecretory granules in the neurohypophysis of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. AB - Neurosecretory axons in the neurohypophysis of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, were statistically classified into six types according to the size of secretory granules. Thes types are comparable with those in higher vertebrates. The concentration of each axon type is different in three regions: anterior dorsal wall, posterior dorsal wall, and ventral wall. The regional differences of the hagfish neurohypophysis are discussed in relation to the regional differentiation of the tetrapod neurohypophysis into the median eminence and the pars nervosa. PMID- 1248042 TI - Ultrastructural diversity in motor units of crustacean stomach muscles. AB - The physiological and ultrastructural properties of muscle fiber.s comprising three motor units in the gastric mill of blue crabs are described. In their contractile properties muscle fibers in all motor units are similar and resemble the slow type fibers in crustacean limb muscles. The majority of fibers generate large excitatory post-synaptic potentials which do not facilitate strongly. Structurally two types of fibers are found. The one type has long sarcomeres (greater than 6 mum), thin to thick myofilament ratios of 5-6:1 and diads located near the ends of the A-band. The other type has shorter sarcomeres (less than 6 mum), thin to thick myofilament ratios of 3:1 and diads located at mid sarcomere level. Both types of fibers occur within a single motor unit and this differs from the vertebrate situation. Furthermore, the finding of fibers with a low thin to thick myofilament ratio of 3:1 demonstrates that they are not exclusive to fast type crustacean muscle but also occur in slow stomach muscles. PMID- 1248043 TI - Electron microscopic study on the gill bars of amphioxus (Branchiostoma californiense) with special reference to neurociliary control. AB - Both primary and secondary (tongue) bars of the pharyngeal gill basket are covered by epithelial cells that are continuous with the cells that line the atrium. Anterior and posterior faces of the gill bars are covered with lateral ciliated cells, which possess a single cilium, ringed by microvilli, and an elaborate basal mitochondria-rootlet apparatus. Pharyngeal faces of the gill bars are covered with ciliated pharyngeal cells, atrial faces by mucus secreting atrial cells. The surface epithelium rests on a stromal septum, a flattened tube of basal lamina which dilates to form the visceral blood vessel (along the pharyngeal face) and skeletal blood vessel (along the atrial face). This basal lamina surrounds paired skeletal rods which run through the longitudinal axis of the gill bars near the atrial face. Between the skeletal rods and atrial cells of primary gill bars is a coelomic channel lined by epithelioid coelomic cells. Neuronal processes, some with neurosecretory granules, are located among the bases of the atrial cells. Some axons may contact lateral ciliated cells where the latter meet atrial cells, but synaptoid endings have not been found here or elsewhere in the gill bars. Nervous tissue has not been identified among lateral ciliated cells even though ciliary activity of these cells is supposedly regulated by atrial nervous tissue. PMID- 1248044 TI - Retinal alterations induced by continuous light in immature rats. I. Fine structure and electroretinography. AB - Immature albino rats were exposed to continuous illumination for 5-93 days and the light induced ultrastructural and electroretinographic changes were studied. Another group was exposed to continuous light for 7-9 days and then kept in complete darkness, or in cyclic light-dark up to 90 days. By comparison with the results obtained in adult animals, lesions appeared faster in the immature group. Tubular transformation of rods, phagocytosis of altered outer and inner segments with resulting changes in retinal organization, synaptic degeneration in the outer plexiform layer, and cell lysis of some photoreceptor cell perikarya are described. ERG recovery, following the period of darkness or cyclic light-dark was only partial, the amplitude of the "b" wave reached only 50-60% of the control preillumination values. However, the fine structure of the recovered outer segments was similar to that found in normal retinae. PMID- 1248045 TI - The ultrastructure of the byssal apparatus of Mytilus galloprovincialis. IV. Observations by transmission electron microscopy. AB - The ultrastructure of the byssus of Mytilus galloprovincialis was analysed by transmission electron microscopy in thin sections of either embedded or frozen samples. All parts of the byssus (stem core laminae, stem outer laminae, threads proximal and distal parts) appear to be formed by the same basic filamentous components organized in different ways at the submicroscopic level and embedded in a variable quantity of matrix. The filaments appear to consist of a central electron-lucent zone (3 nm in diameter), surrounded by an electron-dense rim (total diameter 7 nm). The matrix has a granular or microfilamentous structure. The stem and the threads differ greatly in their submicroscopic organization, but their basic constituents (filaments and matrix) are similar. Peculiar filamentous banded elements (FBE) were found mainly in the stem outer laminae. A relation between the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the different parts of the byssus was established. The presence of collagen is discussed; since no morphological evidence of any of the known forms of collagen organization was revealed by electron microscopy, it is suggested that byssus collagen may be localized in the matrix and in the FBE. PMID- 1248046 TI - Fine structure of the chromophobe in the pars distalis of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. AB - Chromophobes of the pars distalis in young Chelydra serpentina have sparse cytoplasm with no specific granules; however, many cytoplasmic filaments are present. The chromophobes are connected to the other cell types by desmosomes, while different types of junctional specializations occur between adjacent chromophobes. Cytoplasmic filaments traverse the cytoplasm in a random manner and terminate on both the junctional complexes and the nuclear envelope. It is proposed that, in addition to providing a structural framework, the chromophobes may be involved in integrating cellular responses of the parenchyma to changes in the endocrine milieu. PMID- 1248047 TI - Some observations on the fine structure of the myotendinous junction in myotomal muscle of the tadpole tail. AB - Myotendinous junctions in the myotomal tail muscles of the tadpole of Rana rugosa were examined by electron microscopy. At the site of the myotendinous junction, the sarcolemma is covered on its sarcoplasmic aspect by the connecting filament layer and the attachment layer, and on the extracellular aspect by the intermediary later and the external lamina, with associated collagen fibrils. The intermediary layer consists of filamentous structures which closely resemble "microfibrils" (Hanak and Bock, 1971), "spine-like or thread-like profiles" (Korneliussen, 1973) and "intermediary layer" (Nakao, 1975a, b) in the myotendinous junctions of other vertebrate skeletal muscles. Particularly interesting is the fact that all the coverings and linings of the sarcolemma, including the external lamina, are completely absent in the terminal segment of the finger-like sarcolemmal invagination characteristic of the myotendinous junction. Furthermore, special types of coupling between a sac of sarcoplasmic reticulum and a part of the sarcolemmal invagination are frequently observed. These couplings always occur along the region of the sarcolemma where the external lamina is absent. The couplings show features similar to those to the triad, such as "SR feet", "scalloped SR membranes" and "granular content of the SR sac", suggesting that they are analogous and functionally similar to the triad and other equivalent structures. PMID- 1248048 TI - Silicon in rat liver organelles: electron probe microanalysis. AB - Electron probe microanalysis of unfixed freeze-substituted rat liver tissue embedded in Spurr's low viscosity epoxy resin demonstrated the occurrence of Si as well as P, S, and Cl in the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Chemical analysis confirmed that the Si in the organelles did not originate from instrumental contaminants. This suggests that Si may be involved in the biochemistry of these subcellular organelles. PMID- 1248049 TI - Rhabdom changes in the shrimp, Palaemonetes. AB - The fine structure of the principal compound eye of the shrimp, Palaemonetes, was studied under conditions of light and dark adaptation. Ommatidium the situation in other decapod crustaceans. Light and dark adapted eyes differ in that the rhabdom changes its shape; morphological evidence suggests a possible sequence of events involving production, utilization, and degradation of photoreceptor membrane, a discontinuous process occurring only during changes from light to dark and dark to light. A hypothesis of membrane turnover is proposed. PMID- 1248051 TI - Relationship of transformation of newborn human lymphocytes by dental plaque antigen to the degree of maternal periodontal disease. PMID- 1248050 TI - The development and maintenance of smooth muscle in control and aneurogenic amphibians (Ambystoma). AB - Ultrastructural investigations showed that development and maintenance of smooth muscle was similar in control and aneurogenic amphibian larvae. This applies to both multi-unit and unitary smooth muscles. The gut musculature displayed a regional variation in smooth muscle morphology and a variety of intermuscular appositions even under conditions of nervelessness. PMID- 1248052 TI - Mitogen Synergism in low-responding CBA/CaJ mice. PMID- 1248053 TI - A molecular orbital study on the interaction between the cytochrome P-450 and its substrates. AB - Models for the interaction of the cytochrome P-450 with its substrates, namely for the type I interaction are proposed in which the molecular planes of the aromatic substrate and the porphyrins of P-450 are in parallel. Optical values such as transition energies and oscillator strengths for the isolated P-450 and P 450-substrate complex are calculated by means of molecular orbital method (ASMO SCF CI method), and they are compared with the observed values. The fact that no appreciable shift in the absorption peak of Soret band of P-450 was observed upon addition of substrate is reflected well in the calculation. Similarly, the well known fact that the absorbance of the P-450 was decreased by mixing it with the substrate is also explained well by the calculated oscillator strength for the isolated P-450 and the stacked complexes. From the good agreement between the calculated results and the observed ones, it is suggested that the proposed models might be true reflections of the interactions between the P-450 and its substrates. PMID- 1248054 TI - The insensitivity of the developing rat foetus to the toxic effects of acrylamide. PMID- 1248055 TI - Biochemical paramters of BHT-induced cell growth in mouse lung. AB - Male mice of 7 different strains were injected i.p. with 400 mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). 2 and 4 days later, the incorporation of thymidine into pulmonary DNA was significantly increased in all treated animals and this was accompanied by an increase in lung weight and pulmonary DNA. Thymidine kinase activity and DNA polymerase activity were enhanced in the lungs of BHT-treated animals and maximum activity of these enzymes appeared to precede maximum thymidine incorporation by 24 h. 3 days after BHT a good correlation was found between administered dose and thymidine kinase activity. Measuring the activity of this enzyme might serve as a convenient biochemical marker to follow and to quantitate BHT-produced cell proliferation in lung. The concentrations of cyclic AMP and the activity of adenylate cyclase were not altered by BHT on days 1-9 after administration. BHT produced also some dose-dependent, time-dependent increases in the activities of pulmonary 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), but had little effect on isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). PMID- 1248056 TI - Evidence for caffeine-sensitive damage in methylazoxymethanol acetate-treated L5178Y cells. AB - The effects of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate on colony survival, cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of murine lymphoma L5178Y cells are studied. Decreased sensitivity and immediate depression of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis were found in L5178Y cells in contrast to the reports on HeLa cells. Pre-labelling with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) did not enhance significantly the carcinogen-induced cell lethality. Post-treatment with caffeine greatly enhanced cell lethality and depression of cell proliferation. These effects of caffeine were diminished when the cells had passed through two generations following the MAM acetate treatment. Experiments with synchronized cells showed that the action of caffeine was located primarily in S phase following the MAM acetate-treatment. These results strongly suggest that in L5178Y cells, MAM acetate induces damage, which is repaired by a mechanism analogous to post-replication repair of UV light induced damage. PMID- 1248057 TI - Respiratory control depression by tetraalkylammonium bromides in rat liver mitochondria. AB - Six different lipophilic (hydrophobic) organic cations, tetraethyl-, tetrapropyl, tetrabutyl-, tetrapentyl-, tetrahexyl-, and tetraheptylammonium bromide, depressed respiratory control in rat liver mitochondria. Evaluation of mitochondrial responses in terms of a quadratic equation in log P (an index of lipophilicity) indicated that the NADH dehydrogenase receptor site for inhibitor (diminution of control of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and beta hydroxybutyrate respiration) was more lipophilic than receptor sites for flavin linked substrates (reduction of control of succinate, choline and alpha glycerophosphate respiration). The succinate dehydrogenase receptor site for inhibition by the tetraalkylammonium bromides was more hydrophillic (less lipophilic) than the choline or alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase receptor sites. Depression of respiratory control may be a function of charge density and of lipophilicity at specific inner membranal sites and the susceptible site may differ for different respiratory substrates. PMID- 1248058 TI - The circadian variation of hepatic microsomal drug and steroid metabolism in the golden hamster. AB - Rhythmic variations in a number of parameters of hepatic microsomal drug and steroid metabolism and binding were observed in the adult male golden hamster. With an illumination schedule of a light phase between 06.30 and 18.30 h, maximal activities were encountered between 04.00 and 08.00 h with corresponding minima between 16.00 and 18.00 h. In addition, kinetic changes were observed in both the metabolism and spectral interaction of aniline and biphenyl at times of maximal and minimal activities. Possible mechanisms responsible for the circadian variation in hamster hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolism are discussed. PMID- 1248059 TI - Biochemical changes in rat kidney on exposure to elemental mercury vapor: effect on biosynthesis of metallothionein. AB - Evidence is presented that exposure of rats to elemental mercury vapor results in increased amounts of a metallothionein-like protein in kidney tissue but not in liver. After three or more daily exposures, each of 2 h duration, to elemental mercury vapor, more than 50% of the mercury in kidney tissue is bound to a protein having a molecular weight (mol. wt.) of about 10 000 as determined by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. Cystine is incorporated into a 10 000 mol. wt. protein fraction from kidneys of rats which were injected with [U 14C] cystine after five daily 2-h exposures to mercury vapor. In contrast, no significant incorporation of [U-14C] cystine into this protein fraction was observed in kidneys of control rats or in livers of both control and mercury vapor-exposed rats. The in vivo incorporation of 109Cd into the fraction followed the same pattern as that of [14C] cystine in rats injected with tracer doses of CdCl2 labeled with radioactive 109Cd isotope. This 10 000 mol. wt. protein, newly synthesized in response to repeated exposures to mercury vapor, exhibited identical properties to metallothionein, namely in its subcellular localization, molecular weight, heat stability and isoelectric points. A significant incorporation of [U-14C]-cystine into this protein in rat kidney alone on exposure to mercury vapor confirms its induced biosynthesis in the kidney. PMID- 1248060 TI - The binding of benz(a)anthracene derivatives to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and mammary tissue following exposure to laboratory light. AB - 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and 7-methoxymethyl-12 methylbenz(a)anthracene (MeO-DMBA) are converted to a number of products during short exposures in aqueous suspension to laboratory illumination. The mixture of products binds to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) while inhibiting its activity but there is no apparent relationship between the binding and inhibition of enzyme activity. There is little, or no, binding or enzyme inhibition when the compounds are protected from light. 7-Bromomethyl-12 methylbenz(a)anthracene (Br-DMBA) binds to GPDH whether photoactivated or not but enzyme inhibition depends upon light exposure. The binding of light-exposed DMBA by surviving rat mammary tissue was five-times greater than with the unchanged hydrocarbon. Binding of MeO-DMBA products also occurred after light exposure but not in the dark. PMID- 1248061 TI - Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of 2-acetylaminofluorene toxicity by butylated hydroxytoluene. AB - Male rats were placed on a diet containing 0.05% (w/w) of the hepatic carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). They ceased to gain weight. However, when the carcinogenic diet was supplemented with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (0.5% w/w), an antioxidant, the animals gained weight at approximately one-half of the normal rate. This observation led to a series of experiments aimed at elucidating the mechanism(s) by which BHT reduced the toxicity of AAF. These initial studies were directed towards the effect of BHT on the extent and duration of the covalent binding of AAF with DNA. BHT feeding was shown to reduce the binding of carcinogen to hepatic DNA. Studies employing cells in culture demonstrated that BHT does not influence either excision repair or post-replication repair of DNA. These data indicate that a potential mechanism of action of BHT is at the anti initiation level of carcinogen-induced DNA damage. PMID- 1248062 TI - Evidence for a dual innervation affecting local blood flow in the hypothalamus of the conscious rabbit. AB - We have attempted to evaluate the role of adrenergic nerves which arise from the superior cervical ganglia or which are intracerebral throughout their course, in the control of local cerebral blood flow (CBF). Hypothalamic blood flow (HBF) was measured in the conscious rabbit by the 133Xe-clearance technique. Stimulation of the upper brainstem, using 5-Hz, 3-V, 1-msec, square wave pulses, increased by HBF by a mean of 7.6 ml/100 g per min (P less than 0.005). This effect was abolished by the intrahypothalamic injection of the beta-adrenoreceptor blocker, propranolol, and by chemical sympathectomy of the hypothalamus or of the upper brainstem with 6-hydroxydopamine, but was not altered by bilateral cervical ganglionectomy. Intrahypothalamic injection of 0.1 mug of tyramine caused a mean decrease in HBF of 15.6 ml/100 g per min (P less than 0.001). This effect of intrahypothalamic injection of tyramine was abolished by bilateral cervical sympathectomy but not by chemical sympathectomy of the upper brainstem. These results support the idea that local CBF, at least in the hypothalamus, is mediated by two distinct pathways. The first consists of the sympathetic nerves which arise in the cervical ganglia, and which activate intrahypothalamic alpha receptors to cause constriction. The second is an entirely intracerebral noradrenergic pathway which stimulates beta-receptors to cause vasodilation. PMID- 1248063 TI - The effects of tension on acetylstrophanthidin-induced transient depolarizations and aftercontractions in canine myocardial and Purkinje tissues. AB - Transmembrane potentials and contractile activity were recorded from isolated canine Purkinje and ventricular muscle preparations exposed to acetylstrophantidin (AS) and subjected to a resting tension equal to 80% of that required to elicit peak developed tension. AS induced transient depolarizations (TD's) accompanied by aftercontractions in Purkinje tissue. AS also induced aftercontractions in 11 muscle preparations, and in seven of these the mechanical events were associated with TD's. Aftercontractions and TD's in both and the coupling intervals were directly related to the preceding basic cycle length (BCL). The amplitudes of aftercontractions and TD's reached a maximum at a coupling interval of 600-700 msec. Tension increased the amplitude of TD's in Purkinje tissue and promoted the appearance of TD's in muscle. TD's in muscle occasionally reached threshold in the presence of tension. The results of this study suggest that stretch or increased resting tension may promote the types of cardiac arrhythmias that are causally related to digitalis-induced TD's. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that TD's are caused either by a transmembrane influx of calcium or by an internal release of calcium ions. PMID- 1248064 TI - Vascular responses to arachidonic acid in the perfused canine lung. AB - We compared the effects of arachidonic acid (AA), the bisenoic prostaglandin precursor, with those of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and norepinephrine (NE) on pulmonary vascular resistance in the isolated (in situ), perfused canine lung lobe. The isolated lobe was perfused with autologous blood or an artificial perfusate under conditions of constant flow. Lobar artery and venous pressures were constantly monitored after bolus injections of AA, PGF2a, and NE into the inflow cannula. AA (100 mug/kg produced a significant increase in the pressure gradient (93.3 +/- 8.4%, SE) in the lobe. Similarly, PGF2a (1 mug/kg) significantly increased the pressure gradient (41.2 +/- 6.5%), as did NE (1 mug/kg, 41.6 +/- 3.2%). Aspirin (25 mg/kg) completely blocked the pulmonary vascular effect of AA, but did not affect the response to PGF2a, Linoleic acid, a control fatty acid, did not produce pulmonary vasoconstriction. The pressor effect of AA was not blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine, propranolol, cyproheptadine, or atropine. The use of an artificial perfusate free of cellular elements did not prevent the vasoconstrictor action of AA. The times to onset of action of the three agents were similar, and short. These results suggest that AA is converted into vasoactive intermediates or a prostaglandin, and the vasoactive intermediates or the prostaglandin act directly on precapillary pulmonary vascular smooth muscle rather than through platelet, plasma, adrenergic, or cholinergic mechanisms. PMID- 1248065 TI - Depletion of cardiac norepinephrine during two forms of hemolytic anemia in the rat. AB - Knowledge of the status of cardiac norepinephrine (NE) during anemia could lead to a better understanding of the role the sympathetic nervous system plays in cardiac function during anemia. Rats were made anemic by treatment with phenylhydrazine (PHZ). After the rapid onset of anemia, 60% of the stored NE in the heart was lost within 48 hours after treatment. Associated with the loss of cardiac NE was an increase in the wet weight of the heart, which reached a value 40% above control 48 hours after treatment. PHZ itself probably does not directly mediate this depletion of NE, since the vas deferens, brain and spleen had a normal store of NE at 48 hours. This contention was supported when rats, treated with PHZ, were transfused with normal rat red blood cells. This transfusion resulted in PHZ-treated rats which were not anemic. The hearts of these rats were not depleted of NE, but the hearts of the nontransfused, PHZ-treated controls were. Anemia also was induced by treating rats with anti-rat red blood cell serum. The hearts of these rats also were depleted of NE. These experiments show that during two forms of anemia there is a loss of NE from the sympathetic neurons innervating the heart. The effect of this on regulation of cardiac function remains to be determined. PMID- 1248066 TI - Renal tubular transport of 3H-digoxin in saline diuresis in rats. AB - We evaluated urinary excretion and tubular transport of 3H-digoxin by three different methods in anesthetized rats made diuretic by infusion of 2.5% saline. In one group small volumes of 3H-digoxin and 14C-inulin were injected simultaneously into surface proximal convolutions, and urine was collected serially from both ureters. Digoxin recovery was lower after early (62.1 +/- 5.3%) than after late (86.9 +/- 7.7%) proximal administration but inulin recovery was complete (99.6 +/- 2.7%) after all injections. Most of the digoxin was excreted simultaneously with inulin. Delayed recovery was low. In another group of rats digoxin and inulin were applied directly to the capsule of the left kidney. Two-thirds of the recovered digoxin appeared from the left ureter and one third from the right. The difference (41.9 +/- 7.4%) is an estimate of transtubular digoxin influx. Digoxin excretion preceded inulin only on the left. Digoxin to inulin concentration ratios were 6 times higher from the left than the right, whereas inulin recoveries from the two sides were similar. In a third group of rats tubular fluid was collected from surface convolutions of proximal and distal tubule. In the accessible segment of the proximal tubule 35.9% of the filtered digoxin was reabsorbed. In the more distal nephron, drug was added into the lumen; this resulted in a net urinary excretion of 80.2 +/- 18.2%. These findings are compatible with free filtration of digoxin at the glomerulus followed by passive proximal tubular reabsorption and an influx against a concentration gradient in the distal nephron. PMID- 1248067 TI - Effect of hindlimb isolation procedure on isogravimetric capillary pressure and transcapillary fluid dynamics in dogs. AB - We measured isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pci) and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (pip) in isolated dog hindlimbs. A very rapid isolation technique and a perfusion technique involving no weight change were developed in order to compare the effects of different isolation procedures. Also, a "previous isolation procedure" (PIP) was used to approximate isolation procedures previously reported; this procedure included (A) anesthesia for 1 to 1 1/2 hours before limb isolation, (B) 1/2 hour of denervation before isolation, and (C) perfusion after isolation for 1/2 hour at an arterial pressure of 100 mm Hg and a venous pressure of 6 mm Hg. These different procedures altered average (+/- SE) capillary pressure and fluid dynamics in the hindlimb as shown in the foly pressure in the intact resting dog hindlimb may be 8 mm Hg below plasma colloid osmotic pressure, or about 9 mm Hg, and that many reported values have been heavily influenced by the isolation technique. PMID- 1248068 TI - The role of angiotensin in the canine renal vascular response to barbiturate anesthesia. AB - The influence of barbiturate anesthesia on renal blood flow was assessed by the xenon washout method in trained dogs with catheters chronically implanted in the renal artery. Anesthesia induced with either thiopental sodium or pentobarbital sodium resulted in a striking reduction in renal blood flow (4.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.2 ml/g per min; P less than 0.001) without a change in arterial pressure. The reduction in blood flow was prevented by a high salt intake and partially reversed by agents which interrupt the renin-angiotensin system (BPF 9a; 1-Sar,8 Ala-angiotensin II; propranolol) but not by alpha-adrenergic blocking agents (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine). Anesthesia blunted the renal vascular response to angiotensin II (P less than 0.0005) whereas responsiveness to norepinephrine was increased (P less than 0.05). We conclude that barbiturate anesthesia induces a major, angiotensin-mediated renal vascular response which must be considered in the interpretation of experiments performed under these conditions. PMID- 1248069 TI - The effect of lidocaine on diastolic transmembrane currents determining pacemaker depolarization in cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - We studied the effects of lidocaine (1-5 mg/liter) on the diastolic currents of sheep Purkinje fibers by the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique to obtain additional information on how lidocaine decreases the slope of spontaneous diastolic depolarization of mammalian Purkinje fibers. During voltage clamps we measured both the magnitude and time course of activation and deactivation of the time- and voltage-dependent potassium "pacemaker current" (iK2), and also the steady state current-voltage relationship throughout the pacemaker voltage range. At a concentration of 1 mg/liter lidocaine had no effect on the amplitude of iK2. In contrast, at 5 mg/liter, lidocaine diminished the magnitude of iK2 throughout the voltage range of pacemaker depolarization. Lidocaine (1-5 mg/liter) had no effect on either (1) the transmembrane voltage at which iK2 is half-activated, (2) the reversal voltage for iK2, or (3) the kinetics of iK2. Lidocaine (1-5 mg/liter) increased the steady state outward transmembrane current. This effect of lidocaine can be attributed to a variable contribution from both an increase in time-independent outward potassium current (iK1) and a decrease in background inward current. PMID- 1248070 TI - Letter: Self-consistent analysis of arterial uptake of cholesterol from perfusing serum. PMID- 1248071 TI - Presidential address. AHA 48th Scientific Sessions. A search for Camelot in cardiology. PMID- 1248072 TI - Acute myocardial infarction and angiographically normal coronary arteries. An unproven combination. PMID- 1248073 TI - Mineralocorticoid secretion in essential hypertension with normal and low plasma renin activity. AB - In 19 control subjects, 33 patients with essential hypertension and normal plasma renin activity (PRA) and 11 patients with low PRA, secretory rates of 18-hydroxy 11-deoxy-corticosterone (18-OH DOC), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone were measured. Patients with low PRA were significantly older and had higher arterial pressure and slightly lower plasma potassium levels than patients with normal PRA. Mean 18-OH DOC secretion rate was higher in patients with normal PRA (603 +/- 112 SEM mug/24 hr) than in control subjects (219 +/- 19) and considerably higher (P less than 0.001) in patients with low PRA (1800 +/- 472). DOC and corticosterone secretion rates were within normal limits in most hypertensive patients. Plasma aldosterone was significantly higher in the hypertensive population than in control subjects whereas no significant difference was observed between the low- and normal-renin groups. A significant (P less than 0.01) mutual positive correlation was found between the secretion rates of 18-OH DOC, DOC and corticosterone in patients with low plasma renin activity. In contrast, there was no correlation between the secretion rates of the three mineralocorticoids in control subjects and patients with normal plasma renin activity. These data suggest a biosynthetic variation of the mineralocorticoid pathways in essential hypertension. PMID- 1248074 TI - Precordial ST-segment mapping. 2. Effects of oxygen inhalation on ischemic injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Precordial ST-segment mapping was serially applied in the Coronary Care Unit for the study of the effect of oxygen inhalation on the ischemic injury in 17 patients with acute anterior transmural myocardial infarction. A 49-lead ECG system was used. The sum of all ST elevations (sigmaST) recorded was taken as an index of magnitude of ischemic injury and the number of recording sites showing ST elevation (NST) was taken as an index of extent of ischemic damage. Stability of the precordial maps was observed over a period of one hour while the patients were on ambient air. Oxygen inhalation for a mean of 66 min resutled in a fourfold increase of PaO2 and a mean of 16% reduction of both sigmaST and NST. When the patients were returned to ambient air breathing, a mean of 13% increase of sigmaST and 19% of NST from the levels recorded during oxygen inhalation were observed. Levels of sigmaST and NST on ambient air following discontinuation of oxygen inhalation were not significantly different from the corresponding values from maps recorded before onset of oxygen breathing. Blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged throughout the study. Clinical status of the patients was unchanged during the study period save for two patients who showed changes in intensity of their chest pain. PMID- 1248075 TI - Asymptotic slope of log pressure vs log volume as an approximate index of the diastolic elastic properties of the myocardium in man. AB - The goal of this study was to develop, on a rational basis, an index of the intrinsic diastolic elastic properties of the left ventricle. A relatively simple analytic model employing a thin-walled spherical geometry coupled with an approximate formulation of a two-dimensional constitutive relation, was used to examine the primary determinants of the pressure-volume relationship of the intact heart. The results permit comparison with other indices of compliance or wall stiffness. The slope of the dP/dV vs P curve was found to be sensitive to the non-linear elastic constant K, but is also sensitive to variations in cardiac muscle volume. VdP/dV was found to be sensitive to pressure. m = d(log P)/d(log V) = (V/P)(dP/dV) is proposed as an index sensitive to K and relatively insensitive to both pressure and initial cardiac geometry. The index is compared with published studies. Using the data of Fester and Samet, mean values of the asymptotic log-log P-V slope, m, evaluated at end-diastole for normal, idiopathic hypertrophy, mild, moderate and severe coronary artery disease were 3.95 +/- 0.60 (SEM), 5.05 +/- 1.60, 5.24 +/- 0.96, 8.35 +/- 2.06, and 15.13 +/- 3.0, respectively. At values of LVEDP less than 7 mm Hg the concept of simple distension is questioned. The advantages and limitations of this approximate index are discussed. This index seems to afford a practical measure of the elastic properties of the wall over a rather wide range of pressure, volume, wall mass and wall thickness. PMID- 1248076 TI - Human ventricular refractoriness. Effects of cycle length, pacing site and atropine. AB - The effective refractory period of the right ventricle (ERP-V) was measured in 27 patients during atrial or ventricular pacing using the ventricular extra stimulus method. Pacing was conducted with impulses of 1.5-2 times diastolic threshold. The ERP-V was directly related to the basic cycle length (BCL) although the ERP-V was always greater for atrial pacing than for ventricular pacing at a given BCL. The ratio ERP-V/BCL was greater at shorter cycle lengths indicating that a larger fraction of the cycle was refractory at faster heart rates. The ratio ERP-V/QT interval did not change over a range of BCLs, but the ratio was larger for atrial pacing (.77 +/- .05 SD) than for ventricular pacing (.60 +/- .05). Atropine (1 mg i.v.) was given to six patients. The drug did not affect the ERP-V in six of eleven determinations, prolonged ERP-V twice and shortened it slightly three times. Measurements were reproducible over an hour but varied at a given BCL when measured on separate days. Asymptomatic repetitive beating occurred in seven of 27 patients when the premature stimulus was within 20 msec of the ERP-V. The effective refractory period of the right ventricle in man can be determined reproducibly and with safety. Changes induced by various perturbations parallel results from in vitro single cell and myocardial studies. PMID- 1248077 TI - Electrophysiological and clinical observations in patients with alternating bundle branch block. AB - Electrophysiological studies (His bundle recordings and atrial stimulation) were performed in nine patients who manifested periods of both right and left bundle branch block (RBBB and LBBB). In seven of the patients, alternating bundle branch block appeared to reflect intermittent or chronic bundle branch block superimposed on incomplete (but electrocardiographically complete) block of the contralateral bundle branch. In three of these seven, shift from one bundle branch block pattern to the other was associated with reproducible change in H-V (mean change 30 msec), and could be induced by alteration of cardiac rate with carotid massage, coupled atrial stimulation, and rapid atrial pacing. In one of the seven, RBBB with a P-R of 0.20 seconds preceded chronic LBBB with a P-R of 0.24 seconds, implying that RBBB had been incomplete. In three of the seven, although a definite mechanism of alternation could not be demonstrated, transient contralateral bundle branch block occurred superimposed on chronic ipsilateral bundle branch block, implying that the ipsilateral block was incomplete. Two patients manifested periods of narrow QRS, LBBB, RBBB, and paroxysmal A-V block. Based upon pathological data (one case), this pattern appeared to reflect a lesion involving the distal His bundle and proximal bundle branches. In the total group of patients, clinical course was primarily determined by the severity of heart disease and not by occurrence of A-V block. The conduction defect in the majority of patients was surprisingly benign. PMID- 1248078 TI - Mitral valve prolapse in one hundred presumably healthy young females. AB - Clinical, electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and echocardiographic examinations were performed in 100 presumably healthy young females. Treadmill testing and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were performed in a selected group of these subjects. Phonocardiograms, recorded with the subjects supine at rest, after inhalation of amyl nitrite, and in the upright position, revealed a 17% incidence of nonejection clicks and/or late or mid- to late systolic murmurs (PHONO-MSCLSM). Echocardiographic studies were performed in the second, third, fourth, and fifth intercostal space with emphasis on the importance of transducer angulation on the chest. Studies obtained with the transducer perpendicular to the chest in the sagittal plane, or pointing cephalad at a time when both mitral leaflets and left atrium are recorded, are optimal to study the mitral valve systolic motion. With the transducer in this position, 21 subjects were found to have pansystolic or late systolic prolapse, as previously defined on the echocardiogram. The presence of these echocardiographic findings was statistically related to the presence of PHONO-MSCLSM. Other echocardiographic patterns were identified and their relation to PHONO-MSCLSM and transducer position is discussed. Ten subjects with both echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse and PHONO-MSCLSM were identified (group EP), while 18 other subjects had either echocardiographic or phonocardiographic findings suggestive of mitral valve abnormality (group EorP). Seventy-two subjects had no abnormality (group noEP). The incidence of various clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings in these three groups was determined. Some findings said to be common in patients with proven mitral valve prolapse were seen more frequently in group EP subjects. Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic findings suggesting mitral valve abnormalities were found more commonly than expected in a population of presumably healthy young females. PMID- 1248079 TI - Spectrum of echocardiographic findings in bacterial endocarditis. AB - Forty-seven echocardiograms were obtained in 32 patients with bacterial endocarditis. Preexistent abnormalities were found in 14 patients. In five of them thought to have bacterial endocarditis on normal valves, echocardiography showed mitral stenosis (one), bicuspid aortic valve (two), and prolapse of mitral valve (two). Definite vegetations were seen in 22 patients--on the aortic valve in seven, the mitral valve in 12, and both valves in three. Ten patients had milder changes suggestive but not diagnostic of vegetations. In 12 patients, surgery confirmed the echocardiographic findings. Fourteen had systemic embolic episodes and all had echocardiographic evidence of vegetations. Abnormalities secondary to bacterial endocarditis, other than vegetations, were common. Twenty one patients had left ventricular volume overload. Ten had a flail posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, three of which were confirmed surgically. Eight had abnormal coarsely fluttering echoes in the left ventricular outflow tract consistent with a prolapsing aortic valve or underlying aortic vegetations; four were confirmed by surgery. Five had signs of severe aortic regurgitation of recent onset (premature mitral valve closure) and all had confirmation by surgery. Echocardiographic abnormalities persisted after successful medical treatment. We conclude that echocardiography is helpful in patients with bacterial endocarditis. It permits recognition of unsuspected preexistent lesions and the characteristic vegetations, as well as the extent and nature of valvular damage secondary to bacterial endocarditis. However, echocardiography does not differentiate between active and healed lesions. PMID- 1248080 TI - Myocardial lesions of progressive systemic sclerosis. A cause of cardiac dysfunction. AB - The nature, prevalence, functional significance, and indeed existence of myocardial disease in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) has been debated. In this study the clinical and pathological features of 52 autopsied patients were analyzed in an attempt to resolve these questions. A distinctive focal myocardial lesion ranging from contraction band necrosis to replacement fibrosis throughout both ventricular walls was present in 23 patients who had widely patent extramural coronary arteries. There were no morphologic abnormalities of the intramyocardial coronary arteries to account for these lesions. Comparing those patients having severe (13), mild (10), or no (24) PSS myocardial lesions, and patent extramural coronary arteries, there were no major differences in age, sex, frequency and severity of pulmonary, renal or hypertensive disease which could account for the myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. The three groups did differ, however, with regard to clinical cardiac abnormalities: ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disturbances were six and two times as frequent, respectively, in those with severe myocardial PSS compared to the other two groups. A pattern of primary myocardial disease with intractable congestive heart failure resulted from severe myocardial PSS in four patients, angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries was associated with the severe myocardial lesion in three patients, and sudden death in five. The occurrence of contraction band necrosis suggests that the myocardial damage in PSS might be due to intermittent vascular spasm of the type recognized in the digits and possibly kidneys and lungs, i.e., an intramyocardial Raynaud's phenomenon. The findings in our patients clearly show that myocardial progressive systemic sclerosis is a distinct entity with relatively frequent occurrence which may lead to arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries and sudden death. PMID- 1248081 TI - Reflex vasodilation induced by coronary angiography in human subjects. AB - In order to evaluate the reflex peripheral vascular effects of coronary arteriography, forearm blood flow was measured plethysmographically and forearm vascular resistance calculated before and during coronary angiography with Hypaque-M, 75%, and Renografin-76. The injection of Hypaque into the left coronary artery resulted in a forearm vasodilation which could not be duplicated by an injection of a comparable amount of contrast into the ascending aorta, three centimeters above the coronary ostia. Forearm blood flow rose from 2.95 to 5.41 ml/min/100 ml (83.4%) and forearm vascular resistance fell from 35.8 to 19.9 mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml (44.4%). Renografin injected into the left coronary artery resulted in less forearm vasodilation (21% increase in forearm blood flow and 32% decrease in forearm vascular resistance). When coronary arteriography was repeated following injection of atropine into the brachial artery, no forearm vasodilation occurred. It is suggested that in human subjects myocardial or coronary artery receptors can be activated by the intracoronary injection of iodinated contrast media which results in a forearm vasodilation. PMID- 1248082 TI - Effects of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on myocardial free fatty acid extraction, ventricular blood flow, and epicardial ST-segment elevation during coronary occlusion in dogs. AB - The effect of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) on ST-segment elevation in epicardial electrocardiographic recordings was studied during coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Occlusion alone raised the sum of ST-segment elevations (sigmaST) to 26 +/- 6 mV (mean +/- SEM). Intravenous (i.v.) administration of CPIB 30 min before re-occlusion reduced sigmaST to 14 +/- 3 mV (P less than 0.03). A continuous i.v. infusion of isoproterenol increased sigmaST to 74 +/- 11 mV. Pretreatment with CPIB reduced sigmaST during isoproterenol infusion to 40 +/ 7 mV (P less than 0.005). CPIB had no effect on mean aortic blood pressure, heart rate, or regional myocardial blood flow, as measured by radioactive microspheres. Arterial free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were reduced by CPIB from 466 +/- 41 to 221 +/- 44 muEq/L (P less than 0.001) in the basal state, and from 1966 +/- 183 to 1429 +/- 209 muEq/L (P less than 0.001) during isoproterenol infusion. The reduction in arterial FFA concentration was associated with a proportionate decrease in the myocardial extraction of FFA. Similar changes were observed when CPIB was administered during an occlusion which had been established 10 min earlier. These observations support other evidence that the severity of acute myocardial ischemic injury in dogs is positively correlated with the myocardial extraction of FFA, and that the severity of the ischemic injury can be reduced by effective antilipolytic therapy. PMID- 1248083 TI - N-dimethylisopropyl propranolol. Effects on myocardial oxygen demands. AB - N-Dimethylisopropyl propranolol (DMP) is a quaternary derivative which lacks significant beta-adrenergic blocking and local anesthetic effects. It has been reported, nonetheless, to be effective in treating experimental arrhythmias and in limiting the extent of ST-segment elevations following experimental coronary occlusion. The present study examined the effects of DMP on the hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen demands of anesthetized dogs. After a single dose of 3 mg/kg, heart rate fell from 146 +/- 8 to 124 +/- 6 beats/min (P less than 0.0025), and aortic systolic pressure fell from 151 +/- 11 to 141 +/- 9 mm Hg (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), resulting in a 16.8% reduction in the tension-time index. Stroke volume was reduced by 10% despite a 54% increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, suggesting a negative inotropic effect. This was supported by a decrease in maximum extrapolated contractile element velocity from 9.10 +/- 1.05 to 6.61 +/- 65 units/sec (P less than 0.0025). Myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced from 12.0 +/- 1.4 to 9.9 +/- 1.5 ml/min/100 g tissue (P less than 0.05). Myocardial oxygen extraction was unchanged, indicating that the decrease in oxygen consumption resulted from a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. When heart rate and systolic pressure were artificially restored to control levels, after the administration of DMP, myocardial oxygen consumption remained significantly below the control level. DMP, therefore, appeared to reduce myocardial oxygen demands primarily by its negative inotropic effect. This drug may have application in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1248084 TI - Measurement of foot artery blood pressure by micromanometry in normal subjects and in patients with arterial occlusive disease. AB - Blood pressure was measured continuously in the posterior tibial or dorsalis pedis arteries using an isovolumetric system (steel cannulas of 0.18 mm, external diameter). The systolic values in the ankle arteries of 13 normal subjects at rest (154.3 +/- 22.3 mm Hg) exceeded the systolic arm pressure (128.9 +/- 20.1 mm Hg, P less than 0.001), while diastolic values (69.9 +/- 8.7 mm Hg) were not significantly different from the arm pressure. In 13 patients with arterial occlusive disease (AOD) the dicrotic notch, normally situated close to the footpoint of the downslope, was either displaced upward or abolished. Both mean systolic and diastolic values (94.9 +/- 35.9 mm Hg and 62.5 +/- 18.5 mm Hg, respectively) and also mean pressure amplitude were reduced compared to the corresponding arm values (158.5 +/- 28.2 mm Hg and 87.7 +/- 6.0 mm Hg, respectively, all P less than 0.001). Comparison between the systolic pressure values measured by micromanometry and by an indirect technique using Doppler ultrasound showed a good correlation (r = 0.87). During postocclusive reactive hyperemia, the initial pressure values were markedly diminished in normal subjects and reached control values within 40 sec. In patients with AOD, however, this reduction in pressure was more pronounced and prolonged. Flow measurements using plethysmography showed flow diversion from the foot to the calf as long as pressure values ranged below 40 mm Hg. This almost painless method appears useful for experimental and diagnostic studies in low pressure areas of the peripheral circulation. PMID- 1248086 TI - The pulmonary vascular bed in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries. AB - Histological material obtained at autopsy from 35 patients over three months of age with complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) was examined. Two of six patients less than a year of age with an intact ventricular septum and closed ductus arteriosus were found to have pulmonary vascular changes of at least grade 3 severity; in addition, two of seven patients with a large ventricular septal defect in this age group showed changes of similar severity. The reported low incidence of marked pulmonary vascular changes in patients with only an interatrial communication dying during the first year of life would appear to be due in part to the high proportion of cases less than three months old in whom there was not sufficient time for such changes to develop. Although the incidence is not as high as that found beyond a year of age, it is sufficiently high to influence the management of infants beyond three months of age. Hemodynamic studies were performed following atrial baffle repair in 34 patients. All but one of the 16 patients operated upon prior to two years of age had a pulmonary arteriolar resistance (Rpa) less than 3 units M2 at the time of review, including three with a large communication at ventricular or great vessel level who underwent surgery before two months of age. Repair at an older age did not preclude a low Rpa on follow-up, but in 11 of the 18 patients who were two or more years of age at the time of repair it was greater than 3 units M2. None of these latter patients had a large ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus. Comparison of postoperative hemodynamic data with autopsy studies would suggest that advanced pulmonary vascular disease is associated with earlier death among patients with complete transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 1248085 TI - Mitral and tricuspid valve closure in congenital heart disease. AB - Echocardiography was used to evaluate mitral and tricuspid valve closure in patients 1 day to 20 years of age. When possible, simultaneous phonocardiograms were obtained. The difference in time between the Q wave of the electrocardiogram and mitral closure and between Q and tricuspid closure was designated the delta value. Four groups of patients were assessed: 1) normals (40), secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) (10), mitral valve prolapse syndrome (Barlow's syndrome) (13), pulmonary hypertension (12), and pulmonic stenosis (6); 2) Ebstein's anomaly (10); 3) transposition of the great vessels (15); 4) right bundle branch block (RBBB) (25). Ten patients with surgically induced right bundle branch block were studied by phonocardiography alone. Group I had values of 50 msec or less ( 5 to 50 milliseconds) and served as controls. Ebstein's anomaly showed prolongation of the delta value to 65 msec or greater in eight out of ten patients. Patients with transposition of the great vessels showed a striking difference from the preceding groups in that an average negative delta value was obtained. Twenty-two patients of group 4 (RBBB) had delta values within the normal range. This study has shown that a delta value greater than 65 msec is suggestive of Ebstein's anomaly. In addition, if the delta value is negative, transposition of the great vessels can be suspected. PMID- 1248087 TI - Common or single ventricle. An angiocardiographic and hemodynamic study of 42 patients. AB - To correlate anatomy with hemodynamics, the angiocardiographic findings were reviewed in 42 patients with common ventricle (CV). Nine had normally related great arteries (NRGA), 12 d-malposition, 21 l-malposition and 5 a common atrioventricular valve. Selective outlet chamber (OLC) angiocardiograms were available in 14 out of 29 patients with OLCs. OLC position varied from anterior and to the right of the CV to posterior and to the left of it; two categories (anterior and lateral OLC) were delineated by a line 45 degrees to theleft of anterior in the horizontal plane. The OLC was anterior in all patients with NRGA, lateral in most l-malpositions, and almost equally divided between anterior and lateral in d-malposition (P less than 0.05). Complete hemodynamic data were obtained in 29 patients. Complete mixing of venous return occurred in four patients with atresia of one valve. In the remainder complete mixing occurred in 36%, unfavorable streaming in 12% and favorable streaming in 52%. Semilunar valve position and pulmonary stenosis did not affect the nature of mixing. Systemic arterial (SA) minus pulmonary arterial O2 saturation was positive and significantly higher in patients with malposition with lateral OLCs than anterior OLCs (P less than 0.001). However 79% of SA O2 saturation variation could be predicted from pulmonary and systemic blood flow alone. PMID- 1248088 TI - Right ventricular function in children with tetralogy of Fallot before and after aortic-to-pulmonary shunt. AB - Right and left ventricular volume variables were obtained in 43 tetralogy patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The patient population consisted of 25 preoperative patients (group 1) and 18 patients who had undergone aortic-to-pulmonary shunt procedure (group 2). Volumes were calculated from biplane cineangiocardiograms using Simpson's rule method for the right ventricle (RV) and the area-length methods for the left ventricle (LV). In group 1, RV end diastolic volume (RVEDV) was not different from normal in the total group and averaged 93 +/- 4% (SEM) of normal. In patients with hemoglobin (Hgb) greater than or equal to 16 g%, however, this variable was significantly (P = 0.044) less than normal. Right ventricular ejection fraction was normal and RV systolic index was significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced, averaging 3.35 +/- 0.18 (SEM) L/min/m2. Left ventricular volume variables in this group were not significantly different from RV volume variables. In group 2, RVEDV in patients with Hgb greater than or equal to 16 g% was significantly (P = 0.037) less than normal, but was normal in patients with Hgb less than 16 g%. Right ventricular ejection fraction averaged 0.52 +/- 0.03 in this group and was significantly (P less than 0.001) less than normal. Right ventricular systolic index (RVSI) averaged 3.51 +/ 0.24 L/min/m2 and was significantly (P = 0.009) less than normal. RVSI in patients with Hgb less than 16 g% averaged 3.90 +/- 0.31 and was not different from normal. In contrast, this variable in patients with Hgb greater than or equal to 16 g% averaged 3.21 +/- 0.34 and was significantly (P = 0.005) less than normal. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV systolic output in group 2 were significantly higher than RVEDV and RV systolic output. Right ventricular and LV ejection fractions in group 2 were not different. The relatively decreased ejection fraction fraction in tetralogy patients, as compared with patients with valvular pulmonic stenosis and similar volumes and pressures, suggests that the decreased ejection fraction was not due to decreased preload or increased afterload and might be due to impaired ventricular function secondary to chronic hypoxia. Early corrective surgery in these patients might reverse this process. However, patients with severe tetralogy who have small ventricular volume and reduced output might benefit from shunt procedure rather than complete correction. PMID- 1248089 TI - Clinical conference: Rupture of right ventricle complicating closed chest cardiac massage. AB - Two cases of rupture of the right ventricle following closed chest cardiac massage are presented. This is believed to result from trapping of blood in the right ventricle at levels of systemic arterial pressure. In one case there was massive pulmonary embolism which interfered with egress of blood from the right ventricle. In the other case, application of pressure during a closed chest resuscitative attempt might have closed the right ventricular outflow tract. PMID- 1248090 TI - Mechanism of atrial sounds in atrial fibrillation. Phonoechocardiographic correlation. Report of a case. AB - Audible atrial sounds were noted in a patient with congestive cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rate. Oscillatory motion of similar periodicity as fibrillation waves in the ECG and the sounds in the phonocardiogram was demonstrated in aortic and left ventricular walls, mitral, tricuspid and aortic leaflets by echocardiography. This suggests that the fibrillation motion of the atria is forceful enough to cause vibration of the cardiohemic system resulting in the audible sounds. PMID- 1248091 TI - Double ventricular parasystole. Supernormal phase of conduction as a mechanism of intermittent parasystole. Report of a case. AB - A rare case of spontaneous double ventricular parasystole was studied in depth, together with a critical review of similar cases in the literature. The discussion was focused on 1) the variation of the shortest interectopic interval (SIEI), 2) entrance block and its failure, 3) supernormality as a mechanism of intermittence, and 4) effects of lidocaine and atropine on such an arrhythmia. In double ventricular parasystole a greater than usual variation in the SIEI tended to occur in one of the two parasystolic groups. If, however, such variations were too great in the face of otherwise parasystolic rhythm, presence of intermittence was confirmed. A temporary loss of the entrance block was deemed primarily responsible for the intermittency. That is to say, invasion, discharge, and resetting of one parasystolic focus by another parasystolic impulse during the supernormal phase of the ventricle was considered the cause of an intermittence. In a strict sense, this is the first report in the literature in which the supernormality was clearly indicated as one mechanism of intermittent ventricular parasystole. The advantage of the concept of double ventricular parasystole as compared to single parasystole in defining such a mechanism is stressed. PMID- 1248093 TI - Letter: Necrosis and ischemia in myocardial infarction. PMID- 1248092 TI - Membranous subaortic stenosis complicated by aneurysm of the membranous septum and mitral valve prolapse. AB - The clinical, echocardiographic, and catheterization findings in a patient with discrete subaortic stenosis, aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum, and mitral valve prolapse are presented. Echocardiography showed a subaortic membrane, abnormal aortic valve motion, accentuated systolic anterior motion of the membranous interventricular septum, and prolapsing mitral leaflets. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the diagnoses. The possible functional interrelationship of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 1248094 TI - Letter: Estimating MI size. PMID- 1248095 TI - Letter: Ergotrate in coronary artery spasm. PMID- 1248096 TI - Evaluation of a breath actuated pressurized aerosol. AB - Preliminary investigation suggests that some asthmatic patients find it difficult to synchronize the release of a metered dose from a pressurized aerosol with the correct phase of inspiration. An automatic device has been developed to overcome this problem. Information is presented outlining the physical characteristics of the unit and the methods used to establish its performance in patients. It is suggested that the device may have a place in the management of asthma. PMID- 1248097 TI - A quantitative study on the activation of the alternative pathway of complement by mouldy hay dust and thermophilic actinomycetes. AB - Materials associated with the induction of farmer's lung were incubated with fresh normal human serum in the presence of magnesium ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (MgEGTA) or ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and results compared with material known to activate the alternative pathway of complement- zymosan. Results show that Micropolyspora faeni organisms are as active as zymosan in reducing complement (C) levels in the presence of MgEGTA, with a 50% reduction in CH50 at approximately 140 mug/ml. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris organisms produced a 50% CH50 reduction at approximately 1-25 mg/ml and two samples of respirable mouldy hay dust (MHD) at approximately 5-6 mg/ml whereas extracts of M. faeni and T. vulgaris reduced the CH50 titre by 17% and 39% respectively at 16 mg/ml in the presence of MgEGTA. Organisms and extracts did not reduce the CH50 titre in the presence of EDTA even at the maximum concentration quoted by more than 3%, thus it is considered that alternative pathway activation was responsible for C utilization in the presence of MgEGTA. Respirable MHD used less than 4% available C at 4 mg/ml in the presence of EDTA but at 8 mg/ml dust 11% and 28% available CH50 were used compared with 79% and 81% respectively in the presence of MgEGTA. The elution of immunoglobulin binding material from MHD may be responsible for apparent CH50 consumption in the presence of EDTA. PMID- 1248098 TI - Serum IgE levels in healthy children quantified by a sandwich technique (PRIST). AB - Serum IgE was estimated in 226 healthy children aged 0-14 years without obvious atropic disease in their first degree relatives. A paper disc radioimmunoassay technique (PRIST) was used. A number of criteria for selection of cases were established. This led to the exclusion of forty-two potentially atopic children. The remaining group of 184 children is considered representative of normal children and may therefore be used for reference purposes. The IgE levels were found to be lower than in previous investigations, and this is attributed to the refined technique and the method of selection. PMID- 1248099 TI - City spore concentrations in the European Economic Community (EEC) I. Grass pollen, 1973. AB - Although clinical reports on the prevalence of summer hay fever in different parts of Europe have been published, comparative studies on atmospheric pollen concentrations appear to have been rarely undertaken. The present paper describes observations on the grass pollen content of the air at Bologna, Brussels, London, Munich and Strasbourg and is the first of a series involving international collaboration between workers in cities of the European Economic Community. PMID- 1248100 TI - Measurement of specific IgE antibodies in nasal secretion--evidence for local production. AB - Serum levels of total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) have been determined by radioimmunoassays in sixty-nine allergic subjects. The forty-one subjects with mild symptoms were the most difficult to diagnose, since nine had IgE levels less than 50 U/ml and nineteen had no detectable specific IgE antibodies. Samples of nasal secretions were collected from these nineteen subjects and five were found to have specific IgE antibodies, and in a further eight increased amounts of total IgE. The possibility of locally produced IgE antibodies should therefore be considered when using in vitro tests to diagnose mild or recently acquired allergies, especially when serum IgE levels are less than 50 U/ml. PMID- 1248101 TI - Pigeon breeder's disease. II. Pigeon antigen induced proliferation of lymphocytes from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. AB - Lymphocyte reactivity to pigeon antigens was demonstrated in a patient with severe symptomatic pigeon breeder's disease (PBD). The reactivity of the lymphocytes declined subsequent to cessation of exposure to antigen and in parallel with clinical improvement. Lymphocyte reactivity was also demonstrated in another patient with PBD, in a pigeon breeder with no evidence of PBD, and in a laboratory investigator with a history of exposure to birds other than pigeons. Lymphocyte reactivity in the latter subject increased following cutaneous injection of pigeon serum with the development of delayed-type cutaneous reactivity. Although lymphocyte reactivity to pigeon antigens may be a necessary immunologic feature for production of PBD, this reactivity does not occur only in symptomatic subjects. PMID- 1248102 TI - Allergy profiles from bloodstains. AB - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) has been adapted to measure specific IgE antibodies in bloodstains. By incubating several allergen discs simultaneously with one stain extract, an allergy profile can be readily obtained from less than 50 mul of dried blood. PMID- 1248103 TI - The prevalence of immediate positive skin tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and grass pollen in schoolchildren. AB - The prevalence of immediate positive reactions to prick testing with house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and grass pollen allergens was determined in a random sample of 303 children aged between 8 and 14 years from two Southhampton schools. One hundred and two (33-7%) showed positive reactions, fifty to both D. pteronyssinus and grass pollen, thirty to D. pternyssinus only and twenty-two to pollen only. Allergic symptoms were present in fifty-one of the 102 children with positive skin tests; amongst thirty children with D. pteronyssinus skin sensitivity by itself, only six had sumptoms suggestive of allergic disorder. Significantly more children with positive than with negative tests were reported by their parents to have suffered from recurrent bronchitis during early childhood. PMID- 1248104 TI - Atopy reconsidered. PMID- 1248105 TI - Comparison of IgE values as determined by different solid phase radioimmunoassay methods. AB - Accurate measurement of low IgE concentrations if technically difficult. In this paper results obtained by a direct sandwich and three inhibition methods of radioimmunoassays are compared. For values above 50 U/ml good correlation was obtained with all methods. Below 50 U/ml, however, the inhibition methods tended to yield falsely high values. For very low concentrations, 1--10 U/ml the best correlation was obtained between the direct sandwich test (PRIST) and the inhibition test using a correction factor to allow for the non-specific effect of serum. The four methods were used to quantify IgE in cord serum samples from healthy individuals. The mean value obtained by PRIST was 0-4 U/ml and by the inhibition test, using a correction factor, 0-6 U/ml respectively. Because of its greater simplicity the direct sandwich test is recommended. PMID- 1248106 TI - Placental and non-placental leucine aminopeptidases during normal pregnancy. AB - 1. A simple and rapid method discriminating between placental and non-placental leucine aminopeptidases (LAP) existing in pregnancy serum is described, which includes technics of heat inactivation at 60 degrees for 30 minutes and inhibition by 0.02 M L-methionine. 2. Serial determinations of serum total, heat stable and L-methionine-insensitive LAP activities during normal pregnancy were carried out. 3. The results were ascertained by disc electrophoresis and it was found that the heat-stable enzyme corresponds to normal serum LAP; the L methionine-insensitive enzyme to pregnancy serum LAP of placental origin; the sum of these two to total serum LAP. PMID- 1248107 TI - A sensitive automated method for the determination of serum and urine xylose. PMID- 1248109 TI - Editorial: Medical devices and the clinical chemist. PMID- 1248108 TI - Variation of serum iron concentration in young healthy men: Within-day and day-to day changes. AB - 1. Serum iron concentration values were determined on a group of 11 healthy young men on blood specimens which were drawn at various hours of the day: 800 h, 1100 h, and 1400 h; on each of four separate days. 2. using a three-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) model, we determined the diurnal variation both for the group as a whole (main hour effect) and for the individual subjects (subject-hour and subject-day-hour interactions). 3. the total combined within-day variation as expressed in coefficients of variation was 12.9% with the peak value seen at 1400 h. 4. on a separate study, blood specimens were obtained at 1100 h on five separate days during a two week period on the same volunteers. 5. using a two-way ANOVA model (subject and day) the day-to-day coefficient of variation was found to be 26.6% for the group. In both cases (within-day and day-to-day) the biological variation was considerably greater than the analytic variation. PMID- 1248110 TI - A reproducible estimation of triiodothyronine uptake. AB - A simple method for the determination of triodothyronine (T3) uptake using I125 T3 and dextran coated charcoal is described. This reaction is time dependent after the addition of dextran coated charcoal. Effect of temperature, concentrations of I125-T3 and charcoal are reported. Within-run precision has been estimated for normal (CV 4.2%), high (CV 2.7%) and low (CV 6.6%) ranges. Day to-day precision was similar to within-run precision. Results obtained by this method highly correlate with those obtained using Thyopac-3 reagent kit (Amersham Searle Laboratories). PMID- 1248111 TI - Correlation of the "EMIT" antiepileptic drug assay with a gas liquid chromatographic method. AB - Many methodologies have been developed for determining anticonvulsant drug levels in human serum. Unfortunately, most procedures are either time consuming or subject to a variety of interferring substances. The "Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique" (EMIT) system has been evaluated for its speed, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. When compared with a gas-liquid chromatographic procedure, the EMIT assay appeared to yield results which were statistically comparable for the drugs diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and primidone. The EMIT assay also demonstrated no significant interference when challenged with extraordinarily high levels of potentially cross reacting drugs. Results obtained with the EMIT assay correlated well with GLC data and rank it as an attractive alternative to many of the existing procedures now being used. PMID- 1248113 TI - Extraction of digoxin and its metabolites from urine and their separation by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. AB - The efficiency with which serveral solvent systems extract digoxin and its metabolites from urine has been studied and column chromatography using Sephadex LH-20 has been used to separate digoxin and its metabolites. These procedures have been evaluated and used to study the excretion of 3H-digoxin-12alpha and its metabolites in urines collected serially in 7 patients and in bile in one. The percentage of the radioactivity excreted as metabolites in urine and bile was found to reach a peak within the first day and then to gradualy decline to minimal amounts in patients with advanced renal failure as well as those with good renal function. The maximum percentage measured as metabolites in 4 patients with the most advanced renal failure was 10%. PMID- 1248112 TI - Uric acid lithiasis associated with altered kinetics of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltranferase. AB - 1. A patient is described who had uric acid calculi which obstructed both kidneys. Serum uric acid was 34 mg/100 ml upon admission to hospital, and evidence of precipitation of uric acid in joints was obtained. 2. Total activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in erythrocytes lysates from this patient was 44% of normal. Kinetic studies revealed that the apparent Michaelis constant of this enzyme for phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate was elevated 15-fold, while these values for hypoxanthine and guanine were in the normal range. PMID- 1248114 TI - Effect of anticoagulants upon the cyanomethemoglobin method for hemoglobin assay. PMID- 1248115 TI - Erythrocyte porphyrin analysis in the detection of lead poisoning in children: evaluation of four micromethods. AB - We evaluated four procedures for determination of erythrocyte porphyrin: double extraction with ethyl acetate/acetic acid-HCl, single extraction with ethanol, single extraction with acetone, and direct solubilization with detergent-buffer. The ethyl acetate procedure, when used with two portions of HCl, apparently gives complete recovery of porphyrin and is suitable for reference as a comparison method. The ethanol procedure gives a high and consistent recovery and is technically simpler. The acetone procedure gives low and variable recovery of porphyrin, and the detergent-buffer method is subject to serious hemoglobin interference; neither of these two procedures offers any technical advantage. Stability of samples and methods for standardization were explored. A procedure for expressing results in terms of erythrocyte Zn-protoporphyrin content is given. Because of its stability, coproporphyrin is useful as a daily working standard. The ethyl acetate and ethanol methods are about equally efficient for detecting lead intoxication. Because of its simplicity, the ethanol method seems to be the best for use in screening. PMID- 1248116 TI - Colorimetry of carbohydrates with m-aminophenol, and its proposed use in measurement of serum amylase activity. AB - In the reaction of m-aminophenol with carbohydrates in a thiourea/acetic acid reagent, addition of borate suppresses chromogen formation for hexoses and pentoses, and enhances it for disaccharides. All reaction products absorb maximally at 520 nm. The relatively greater intensity of the m aminophenol/maltose reaction product was used in a saccharogenic method for amylase, with low blank readings. This method is compared with two dye/starch procedures. PMID- 1248117 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme patterns in human tissue obtained at surgery. AB - Chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 was applied to study the quantitative distribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes in extracts of human tissue obtained during surgery. The results are compared with those determined by an immunological method [Clin. Chim. Acta 58, 223 (1975)]. Conflicting results for some organs as reported by the two methods are probably attributable to postmortem autolysis. PMID- 1248118 TI - Sample stability: a suggested definition and method of determination. AB - We propose defining the stability of any chemical constituent of stored samples in terms that are quantitatively related to the precision of the measurement by which it is determined. We suggest that a constituent may be considered stable, for a stated period and under exactly defined conditions, when the average change in its measured value is less than a chosen number, K, of standard deviations of the data obtained by the measuring method over the concentration range in question. Based on this definition a technique utilizing a graphical truncated normal sequential test is presented as the appropriate experimental and statistical design for measuring stability. The statistical basis for the proposal is presented. PMID- 1248119 TI - An integrated approach to lipid profiling: enzymatic determination of cholesterol and triglycerides with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We describe enzymatic methods for determination of cholesterol and triglycerides (triacylglycerols), adapted for use with a centrifugal analyzer. Triglycerides are determined by a two-point kinetic method, which utilizes a single glycerol standard for calibration and provides for a within-run reagent blank correction. The endpoint determination of cholesterol combines the unique blanking capabilities of the centrifugal analyzer to correct for sample and reagent blank interferences. Results correlate well with those obtained by procedures standardized by the Lipid Research Clinics Program for use with a continuous-flow system. PMID- 1248120 TI - Evaluation of two digoxin radioimmunoassay procedures in which 125I-labeled digoxin is used. AB - We present a comparative evaluation of two commercial kits, the "Quantitope" and "GammaCoat," for radioimmunoassay of digoxin in serum. These kits, in which iodine-125 is used as a label, proved to suitable for digoxin assay as determined by their reproducibility, sensitivity, precision, and a regression analysis. Hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus did not affect results. However, in some cases hypoalbuminemia falsely lowered the assayed digoxin concentration. Recovery of pure digoxin added to native patients' sera having low albumin concentration (24 28 g/liter) ranged from 67-105% with the Quantitope kit and 70-110% with the GammaCoat kit. Low serum albumin concentration did not always decrease the recovery of digoxin; this effect varied from serum to serum, which may indicate that there are factors other than albumin that affect the assay of digoxin. PMID- 1248121 TI - Evaluation of a dipstick test for glucose in urine. AB - As an example of qualitative tests, a dipstick analysis for glucose in urine has been tested for the influence of modifying factors on the test result. Two different types of dipsticks were examined, "Clinistix" and "S-Gluko-test." Used according to manufacturer's instructions, the latter is more sensitive and selective. By multivariance analysis the following variables were examined: urine samples, inter- and intra-analyst, exposure to light, and dipstick batch. The first three contributed significantly to the total variation in results, inter specimen variation being the most important. With knowledge of the frequency of testing urines with a given glucose concentration and the probability of the result at that concentration, an expression of the probability of the glucose content of a urine sample can be obtained. Even with the tests of the type examined having a sensitivity and specificity exceeding 95%, 14 of 100 patients suspected of having diabetes mellitus on the basis of a dipstick examination will be found to have a urinary glucose concentration of less than 2 mmol/liter. These figures were found when the prevalence of urines with a glucose concentration exceeding 2 mmol/liter was 17.5%. PMID- 1248122 TI - Evaluation of a discrete-sample computer-directed clinical analyzer. AB - The operational characteristics of the Gilford System 3500 were evaluated for six months as to accuracy, precision, carry-over, reliability, and ease of operation. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison to manual methods of established accuracy. The tests evaluated and their respective correlation coefficients are as follows: glucose (0.99), blood urea nitrogen (0.99), calcium (0.97), total bilirubin (0.99), aspartate aminotransferase (0.97), alkaline phosphatase (0.98), albumin (0.96), and total protein (0.96). Within-run precision (CV) for three commercial calibration sera of differing analyte concentrations (low, intermediate, and high) were respectively: 0.69, 1.02, 1.18; 5.4, 1.2, 1.09; 0.83, 0.77, 0.86; 5.9, 1.0, 0.86; 6.4, 5.2, 2.1; 3.7, 1.5, 1.3; 0.0, 1.4, 0.97; and 1.2, 1.3, 0.75. Day to-day precision, similarly evaluated during 101-164 days, met accepted criteria for clinically acceptable precision. Carry-over for each of the eight tests was less than 1%. Instrument reliability has been excellent, and training time is short. In summary, we have found the Gilford System 3500 to be sufficiently precise and fast, easy to operate, highly accurate, and flexible. PMID- 1248123 TI - Rapid micromethod for blood lead analysis by anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - We describe a rapid microscale procedure for blood lead determination by anodic stripping voltammetry. Results correlate well with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The procedure involves use of a metal-exchange reagent, which rapidly releases bound lead from its macromolecular binding sites, thus eliminating a long and cumbersome perchloric acid digestion procedure. Reproducibility and analytical recovery of added lead were both excellent. Our results show that anodic stripping voltammetry is a reliable, sensitive micromethod for routine determination of blood lead. PMID- 1248124 TI - Cholesterol in amniotic fluid, determined by gas chromatography. AB - Cholesterol was extracted from amniotic fluid, saponified, converted to its trimethylsilyl derivative, and gas chromatographed, with cholesteryl acetate as the internal standard. The method is sufficiently accurate and precise for use with the range of concentrations of cholesterol found in amniotic fluid (5 to 48 mg/litre). Total cholesterol was measured in amniotic fluids collected at different stages of gestation. No significant trend or change was observed nor was cholesterol in the amniotic fluid and the mother's serum correlated at any stage of gestation. Thus we conclude that cholesterol is not a useful indicator of fetal age or maturity. Cholesterol concentrations in amniotic fluid from complicated pregnancies were within the range found for normal pregnancies. PMID- 1248125 TI - High-performance colorimeter with an electronic bubble gate for use in miniaturized continuous-flow analyzers. AB - We describe a high-performance colorimeter with an electronic bubble gate for use with miniaturized continuous-flow analyzers. The colorimeter has a flow-through cuvette with optically flat quartz windows that allows a bubbled stream to pass freely without any breakup or retention of bubbles. The fluid volume in the light path is only 1.8 mul. The electronic bubble gate selectively removes that portion of the photodector signal produced by the air bubbles passing through the flow cell and allows that portion of the signal attributable to the fluid segment to pass to the recorder. The colorimeter is easy to use, rugged, inexpensive, and requires minimal adjustments. PMID- 1248126 TI - Assessment of a serum separator device for obtaining serum specimens suitable for clinical analyses. AB - We have evaluated a serum separator device that is designed to effect better separation and isolation of serum from clotted blood. This device consists of an evacuated blood-drawing tube (Vacutainer) containing 1.5 ml of a semi-solid silicon polymer that forms a barrier between serum and clot during centrifugation. We compared test specimens with conventionally processed (Vacutainer) specimens as controls. Eighty-one chemical, toxicological, and immunological reactions, tests, or methods were studied. For several tests we observed changes that are statistically but not clinically significant. The one clinically significant change in serum chemistry values occurred in the case of lactate dehydrogenase, for which values were increased by 5-8% of the upper limit of normal. PMID- 1248127 TI - Cation-exchange chromatography of guanidine derivatives in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Guanidine derivatives are suspected of contributing to the toxic manifestations of uremia. We describe a method for measurement of guanidine derivatives in 5-ml samples of plasma by liquid chromatography. Concentrations of guanidinosuccinate and guanidinobutyrate in plasma were significantly increased both in undialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (5.54 +/- 0.94 and 17.5 +/- 4.07 mg/liter) and those undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (2.35 +/- 0.41 and 19.4 +/- 3.99 mg/liter) when compared to healthy controls (less than 0.4 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 mg/liter, respectively). Creatine and guanidinoacetate concentrations tended to be higher in hemodialysis patients and lower in the undialyzed group of patients with chronic renal failure. This procedure provides a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the study of guanidine metabolism in persons with uremia. PMID- 1248128 TI - Enzymatic method for determination of CO2 in serum. AB - We describe an enzymatic method, requiring only 10 mul of serum, for determining CO2 as bicarbonate or dissolved gas. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the reaction of HCO3- with phosphoenolypyruvate to give oxalacetate. The resulting NADH, in the presence of malate dehydrogenase, is oxidized to NAD+, and the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm is directly proportional to the amount of CO2 present in the sample. Reaction is complete in 3 to 6 min under assay conditions, and is linearly related to CO2 concentrations between 8 and 65 mmol/liter. Analytical recovery is 95-110% (average, 101%). Two laboratories compared values obtained by continuous-flow analysis. The resulting correlation coefficients were 0.966 and 0.987, values for the t-test were t(paired) equals 0.473 and t(paired) equals 0.334, and average day-to-day precisions (three concentrations) were 3.9% and 4.2%. PMID- 1248129 TI - Measurement of diphenylhydantoin in 0.1-ml plasma samples: gas chromatography and radioimmunoassay compared. AB - Concentrations of diphenylhydantoin in 364 plasma samples have been measured both by radioimmunoassay and with a recently developed gas-chromatographic method, which requires only 0.1 ml of plasma per determination. There was an excellent correlation between values obtained by the two methods (r = 0.986), and in only 11 plasma samples did the results differ by more than 20%. Of the investigated samples, 105 were obtained from uremic patients. For these, an equally good agreement was obtained between the two methods. Within-assay variance was 3.1% for the immunoassay and 3.3% for the gas-chromatographic procedure. Without automatic pipetting equipment, the radioimmunoassay procedure took twice as long as the chromatographic assay, and the cost of chemicals was considerably higher. Nevertheless, the better sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay makes it of great value, especially in children, because plasma samples of 10 to 20 mul can be used. PMID- 1248130 TI - Improved method for measurement of inorganic phosphate in serum with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - A direct mehtod [Clin. Chim. Acta 46, 113 (1973)] for determination of inorganic phosphate in serum was adapted for use with a centrifugal analyzer. Contamination is minimized and analysis rate maximized by doing the reaction in the reagent wells of the transfer disc and by utilizing the high-speed spectrophotometric and data-reduction capabilities of the centrifugal analyzer. Hemolysis, icterus, and moderate lipemia cause no interference. Grossly lipemic sera and sera from patients with plasma cell dyscrasias can be analyzed by incorporating appropriate blanking and dilution techniques. The method exhibits excellent sensitivity and precision and results correlate well with those from a continuous-flow procedure. PMID- 1248131 TI - Parallel electrophoretic fractionation of alkaline phosphatase and serum protein on cellulose acetate strips: clinical evaluation. AB - We describe here a simple, time-saving method for separating alkaline phosphatases on cellulose acetate, with a parallel detection of serum protein pattern. The staining procedure is based on a coupling reaction between the reaction product of alpha-naphthol with Fast Red Violet LB. The enzymatic reaction is done by bringing the cellulose acetate strip containing the phosphatase band into contact with the surface of a solid agar/substrate mixture. The whole procedure requires 80 min. The method has some features in common with other recently proposed procedures but is more reproducible and rapid because of the choice of the reagents and an improved yield of the coupling step. PMID- 1248132 TI - Direct determination of serum chloride with a semiautomated discrete analyzer. AB - I show how mercuric thiocyanate reagent can be used in assaying serum chloride economically, rapidly, and precisely. I used a semiautomated discrete analyzer with direct concentration read-out capability but the method can easily be applied to many mechanized instruments. Linearity between concentration and color is obtained by adding appropriate amounts of mercuric nitrate to the reagent. As many as 300 samples can be assayed per hour, and the method is excellent for emergency use. PMID- 1248133 TI - Clinical chemistry in the Peoples Republic of China today. PMID- 1248134 TI - Letter: Adjustment of serum calcium for protein. PMID- 1248135 TI - Letter: Drug interference with creatinine assay. PMID- 1248136 TI - Letter: Defect in the methodology of aspartate aminotransferase determination with SMAC. PMID- 1248137 TI - Letter: When is a reference method a reference method? PMID- 1248138 TI - Letter: Digoxin immunoassay with use of [3H]digoxin vs. [125I]tyrosine-methyl ester of digoxin. PMID- 1248139 TI - Quantitative gaschromatographic determination of short chain aldehydes and ketones in the urine of infants. PMID- 1248140 TI - Detection of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by counter immunoelectrophoresis. AB - A sensitive method is described for detecting circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by combined use of counter-immunoelectrophoresis and intensifiers. Perchloric acid extraction of serum was followed by counter-immunoelectrophoresis against monospecific antiserum to CEA. A precipitin line formed was intensified further by electrophoretic binding of anti-gammaG gamma-globulin and Amido Black staining. Less than 10 ng CEA/ml was detectable. Using this method, a total of 84 sera from patients with or without malignancy was examined. The results obtained were in general agreement with those reported by radioimmunoassay. The method appears to be useful as a diagnostic aid, since it requires neither labeled preparations of purified CEA nor special equipment for assay. PMID- 1248141 TI - Rapid, column, flow-through radioimmunoassay for insulin. PMID- 1248142 TI - Hypercalcitoninemia in infancy. AB - Immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was measured in 19 infants with neonatal hypocalcemia. The infants had a variety of neonatal diseases and stresses. iCT levels were generally elevated to two to 20 times the adult values. Poor correlation existed between the infant age and the level of iCT or between iCT alone and the serum calcium. However, there was significant correlation between the serum calcium and the ratio of the iCT to infant age from conception, suggesting that both infant age and iCT levels in combination may be related to hypocalcemia. Also, it appears that a variety of neonatal stresses may be associated with increased sensitivity to the hypocalcemic effect of iCT, as well as increased levels of iCT. PMID- 1248143 TI - Elevated serum enzymes in patients with wasp/bee sting and their clinical significance. AB - Seventeen patients who had been admitted to hospital for wasp/bee sting were studied. Mild pyrexia was encountered in 7 patients, rash/urticaria in 3, angioneurotic oedema in 2, oliguria in 2, microscopic haematuria and albuminuria in 3, transient hypotension in 1. However, there were frequent elevations of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (9 out of 17 patients), serum creatine phosphokinase (14 out of 17 patients) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (8 out of 14 patients), indicating presence of damage to muscle fibres. This was confirmed by the histological findings of a muscle-biopsy from the most severe case. Elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was found in 6, and elevation of serum isocitrate dehydrogenase in 5 out of 14 patients, suggesting presence of liver damage. The above enzyme elevations appeared short-lived except in the clinically most severe patient (case 9) who developed acute tubular necrosis. All patients except the latter suffered no clinical sequelae and there was no correlation between their clinical condition and the presence or degree of elevations of serum enzymes. PMID- 1248144 TI - Inhibition of brain glutamate decarboxylase by glutarate, glutaconate, and beta hydroxyglutarate: explanation of the symptoms in glutaric aciduria? AB - Glutaric aciduria is a disorcer of lysine, tryptophan, and hydroxylysine metabolism characterized by intermittent metabolic acidemia, dystonia, athetosis and mental retardation. It is due to a recessively inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogeanse, the enzyme(s) which catalyze the dehydrogenation of glutaryl-CoA to glutaconyl-CoA and decarboxylation of the latter to crotonyl-CoA. Abnormal quantities of glutaric, beta-hydroxyglutaric, and glutaconic acids are found in the urine of these patients. The nature of the movement disorder prompted study of the effects of the abnormally excreted metabolites on brain glutamate decarboxylase, an enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's chorea. Glutamate decarboxylase activity was examined in rat and rabbit brain acetone powders, stabilized with pyridoxal phosphate and glutathione. Glutarate, beta-hydroxyglutarate, and glutaconate were competitive inhibitors of this emzyme, Ki values being 1.3 X 10(-3) mol/l, 2.5 X 10(-4) mol/l, respectively. This inhibition may explain the neurological accompaniments of this syndrome. PMID- 1248145 TI - Plasma protein profiling: the diagnostic evaluation of disorders in plasma protein composition by a new immunoelectrophoretic method. AB - A new electroimmunoprecipitation technique is presented by means of which a great variety of antigens e.g. plasma proteins can be simultaneously and quantitatively determined with a single-step electrophoretic separation. The essential features of the new technique are: (a) subdivision of the antibody gel into gel strips containing monospecific antibodies to individual plasma proteins. (b) sample application as a "sample gel" filling a trough over the width of the immunoplate. Quantitation is based on the fact that the distance an antigen can migrate within a gel containing a defined amount of specific antibody directed against the antigen is determined by the concentration of the appropriate antigen within the sample. The area where the antigen is finally completely consumed by immunoprecipitation and antibody present in excess is sharply delineated. The applicability of the method in simultaneous quantitative determination of 15 plasma proteins is demonstrated with plasma from healthy blood donors and patients with various diseases. The advantage of the new technique as compared to commonly used clinical acetate folia electrophoresis is the high degree of specificity for the determination of a great number of individual, diagnostically meaningful plasma proteins. The advantage over common quantitative two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis is its uncomplicated way of evaluation. The potential clinical application of the new quantitative immunoelectrophoretic technique in diagnostic screening and differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 1248146 TI - An increase in the basic protein content of atheromatous arteries. PMID- 1248147 TI - Variations in serum iron and total iron binding capacity with the time of intake of combined oral contraceptives. AB - Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were estimated in 145 healthy subjects in the reproductive stage of life, using lyndiol and eugynone for a period of 1-72 months, and results were compared with those of 30 healthy individuals, of the same class, also in reproductive stage of life. Serum iron variation did not follow any clear pattern. TIBC increased in 80% of the subjects to a value equivalent to 3-110% of the mean control. There was also a clear increase observed in immunoelectrophoretic pattern of transferrin, following the use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1248148 TI - Age and sex differences of sodium and potassium concentration in red blood cells. PMID- 1248149 TI - Phenylacetic oil: a possible simple test for fat absorption. AB - The preparation of a phenyl[1-14C]acetic acid oil is described. The absorption pattern of the phenylacetate in this oil is similar to that of oleic acid in triolein when examined in rats under conditions that may interfere with digestion and/or absorption. The safety of this compound, which is a normal metabolite, was established by the absence of the 14C label in various tissues five days after its administration to rats. When tested in 18 normal human volunteers 66.6 +/- 16.0 (S.D.) percent of the phenylacetate was recovered in a five hour urine collection. In two patients with malabsorption, less than 30% of the label was recovered in the urine over the same period. The half-life of the phenylacetate was determined to be 1-1.5 h. Our preliminary results indicate that phenylacetic oil may serve as a useful simple clinical test for fat absorption. PMID- 1248150 TI - Increased urinary excretion of L-xylulose in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - The urinary excretions of L-xylulose, xylitol and D-glucarate after the oral administration of glucuronolactone (5 g) were measured in normal healthy persons, patients with diabetes mellitus, acute hepatitis in recovery stage, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. In normal subjects, the mean value of L-xylulose excretion was 14.6 +/- 1.4 mumol/2 h with a range from 6.5 to 21.8. Marked increase of L-xylulose excretion was observed in cirrhotic patients, the mean value was 97.1 +/- 19.8 with a range from 22.0 to 236.6. Though some cases of acute and chronic hepatitis showed higher values than the normal range, no case exceeded 50 mumol/2 h. The urinary excretion of xylitol in cirrhotic patients was also higher than normal no increase was observed in D-glucarate excretion. The values of L-xylulose excretion in cirrhosis were correlated with the values of serum total bilirubin, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, lactate dehydrogenase and prothrombin time. These findings indicate that the measurement of L-xylulose in urine after the oral glucuronolactone loading provides a useful tool for evaluation of the severity of liver cirrhosis. PMID- 1248151 TI - A direct method for the estimation of ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in serum. AB - Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity was estimated by determining the amount of citrulline produced. The citrulline was colorimetrically measured by using a diacetylmonoxime-thiosemicarbazide reaction without deproteinization. The color complex which had the maximum absorbance at 515 nm was stable at room temperature in daylight for at least several hours. The proposed method was superior to other methods already reported in sensitivity, stability and simplicity. PMID- 1248152 TI - [Identification and characterization of proteins from human bronchial secretion (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of bronchial mucus proteins was carried out by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Before electrophoretic migration, sputum was treated with Ecteola-cellulose, which retains acid mucins. The proteins were then extracted by a phosphate/saline buffer pH 7.5. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the "bronchial extracts" was carried out with an anti-human serum: fifteen proteins were detected. Among them, IgA and protease inhibitiors play an important role in bronchial pathology. Bronchial extracts were also studied with immune serums against milk proteins, whole saliva and proteins of bronchial mucus. Bronchotransferrin, amylase and two esterases were characterized. Four other proteins were also detected with immune serums against bronchial mucus-proteins: their biological role is still unknown. PMID- 1248153 TI - Reactivation of the apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase in serum. AB - Apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase in serum can be reactivated conveniently by addition of 100 mumoles/l pyridoxal phosphate to the reaction mixture, without extending the usual minimum pre-incubation period in the operation of the LKB 8600 reaction rate analyzer. Normal sera contain some apoenzyme, the amount of which, as well as that of holoenzyme, is greatly increased by damage to skeletal muscle. This may be due to direct injury or to the indirect effects of anoxia; e.g., following surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Myocardial infarction also increases the levels of both apo- and holoenzymes, but changes in the two levels follow similar time courses and apo- and holo-aminotransferases disappear from the circulation at similar rates. PMID- 1248154 TI - Plasma carnitine and body composition. AB - Plasma carnitine has been determined in 16 men and 45 women without known muscular disorders. Mean values were 57.3 mumoles/l +/- 12.8 (S.D.) for men and 46.5 mumoles/l +/- 12.4 (S.D.) for women. The difference was statistically significant. Of the variables tested, a positive significant relationship was found between plasma carnitine and age, but not for different variables of body composition, e.g. body cell mass or plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. The daily urinary excretion of carnitine has been compared in a healthy individual during two periods, one on an ordinary diet and one on a gruel diet, giving a constant carnitine intake. The mean value of carnitine excretion (241 mumoles per 24 h) of the two periods did not differ and although the variance was less on the gruel diet, no statistical difference was found. PMID- 1248155 TI - Aminopeptidase B in human serum. AB - The activity of arginine aminopeptidases in human serum was studied with special reference to the possible involvement of enzymes resembling aminopeptidase B (APB). The serum samples were obtained from 10 patients with various acute inflammatory processes, both during the acute phase and after treatment with penicillin. The administration of penicillin to the patients did not result in noticable changes in the chromatographic pattern of the APB-like enzyme. The disappearance of the acute symptoms did not significantly affect the overall specific activity of arginine aminopeptidases in serum. The results showed that human serum does contain, contrary to earlier reports, an enzyme corresponding to APB, even though in very low concentrations. The low enzyme activity was revealed by prolonged reaction times and by the use of larger samples in chromatography than earlier. The APB-like enzyme in serum may have derived from blood cells. PMID- 1248156 TI - Intermittent treatment with human growth hormone (GH) in isolated GH deficiency and in multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. AB - The results of intermittent GH treatment of 3-7 1/2 years duration in seven patients with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) and five patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) are presented. This therapeutic schedule was found to be comparably effective to those using a continuous-administration schedule. In contradistinction to the findings obtained with the latter, there was no progressive decline in growth velocity. The patients with IGHD were found to respond better than the patients with MPHD both in the first course as well as in consequent courses. In the intervals between courses, the growth velocity was less than in the pretreatment period in both groups. It is concluded that optimal results can be obtained by instituting an initial course of continuous treatment of 1 year's duration for the IGHD patients and of 2 years' duration for the MPHD patients, followed by an intermittent therapeutic schedule. This regime not only leads to the same growth achievement obtained with long-term continuous administration of GH but allows conservation of supplies of this very scarce hormone. PMID- 1248157 TI - Glucocorticoid maintenance therapy following adrenalectomy: assessment of dosage and preparation. AB - Plasma cortisol was monitored repeatedly after oral administration of cortisol and cortisone (cortisone acetate) to seven adrenalectomized patients with pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome. The amount of glucocorticoid administered was 25 mg cortisol or 33 mg cortisone/g urine creatinine/24 h. Peak plasma cortisol levels were within recommended values in all patients after cortisone and in three of the patients after cortisol. The remaining four patients had elevated peak plasma cortisol levels after cortisol. Transcortin binding capacity in plasma was normal. It is concluded that cortisol as well as cortisone is suitable for oral glucocorticoid substitution therapy in patients with normal liver function, but that cortisone apparently gives a marginally smoother plasma cortisol curve. However, it is essential to monitor plasma cortisol after institution of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy, since different and unpredictable plasma cortisol levels may exist after a given amount of glucocorticoid, although the dose required correlates reasonably well with creatinine excretion in urine. PMID- 1248158 TI - Total body potassium content in males with X and Y chromosome abnormalities. AB - Total body potassium has been measured in chromatin positive males (Klinefelter's syndrome) and males with a 47,XYY karyotype. In patients with an extra X chromosome the level of potassium was very significantly less than in normal males. Its concentration referred to lean body mass, estimated from the patient's height and weight, was also greatly reduced and not significantly different from values found in normal women. In 47,XYY males individual values were low but there was no reduction in the mean value for the group if allowance was made for the obesity of some XYY subjects. The significance of these findings, however, is difficult to assess as their height frequently exceeded that of the controls on which the predicted potassium values were based. From these findings it would seem that when characteristics which are normally associated with the female sex occur in males, as in Klinefelter's syndrome, there is also a reduction in body potassium either in the total content or the lean tissue concentration, or in both. By comparison, 47,XYY males appear to be more normal in these respects but further normal data is required in order to interpret the results. The possibility that abnormal androgen production in the chromatin positive men may be influencing the potassium levels is the subject of further investigation. PMID- 1248159 TI - The adrenocortical status of patients with thyroid disease. AB - Plasma cortisol, cortisol resin uptake ratio and free cortisol index was measured in twenty-seven euthyroid, ten hypothyroid and fifteen hyperthyroid subjects. No difference was observed between euthyroid subjects and patients with thyroid disease for any of the three parameters tested. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of earlier reports linking thyroid activity with the levels of corticosteroid binding globulin. PMID- 1248160 TI - A three chromosome translocation involving two homologous chromosomes in a trisomic abortus. PMID- 1248161 TI - Aarskog syndrome: new oral-facial findings. AB - The Aarskog syndrome is characterized by short stature with typical facial, digital and genital anomalies. A further case is reported which presented with the uncommon finding of ophthalmoplegia and three previously unreported oral facial findings: enamel dysplasia, a "col" deformity of the anterior mandible and a paresis of the facial muscles innervated by the VII cranial nerve. The implications of genetic heterogeneity in this nosologic classification are discussed. PMID- 1248162 TI - Familial branchio-oto-renal dysplasia: a new addition to the branchial arch syndromes. AB - The present report concerns a two-generation family of nine individuals in which the father and three of the six living children all had: (1) a mixed hearing loss with a Mondini type cochlear malformation and stapes fixation; (2) cup-shaped, anteverted pinnae with bilateral prehelical pits: (3) bilateral branchial cleft fistulas; and (4) bilateral renal dysplasia and anomalies of the collecting system. The father and one affected son also had aplasia of the lacrimal ducts. A fourth child who died at 5 months of age was reported to have branchial cleft fistulas and bilateral polycystic kidneys at autopsy. In addition, the concept of noso-embryologic communities is presented. Such groups are composed of syndromes whose total phenotypic spectra not only overlap but also share common elements in embryogenesis. This concept is illustrated with a group of branchial arch syndromes that are related in this way. PMID- 1248163 TI - A dermatoglyphic study of 219 Italian schizophrenic males. AB - The quantitative and qualitative finger and palm ridge characteristics of a sample of Italian schizophrenic males showed minor deviations which were neither pathognomonic of the illness as a whole, nor of its Leonhard sub-groups. In essence there was a slight tendency for an increase in finger loops, particularly on middle fingers, with a decrease of whorls, and the palmar ridges tended to a more transverse course than usual. Compared with two sets of controls there was an excess of short schizophrenic males. PMID- 1248164 TI - Chromosome studies in ovarian hypoplasia. AB - Six phenotypic female patients characterized by an average stature, infantile body constitution, underdeveloped external and internal reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics and amenorrhoea are described. In each of them laparotomy and histological study disclosed ovarian hypoplasia. The karyotype was 46,XX in all patients except one. However, the metaphase analysis extending over a greater than usual number of cells revealed an autosomal ring (15) in 5 to 26% of cells. The patients also showed phenotype signs of D chromosome anomalies. The authors agree with the previously suggested autosomal gene effect in sex differentiation. PMID- 1248165 TI - Dominant ichthyosis vulgaris with an ultrastructurally normal granular layer. AB - It has been suggested that ultrastructural studies of keratohyalin granules in the granular layer of the skin can clearly distinguish the dominant type from the X-linked recessive type of ichthyosis vulgaris. The distinctive features are found in the granular layer and the keratohyalin granules. In the dominant form the granular layer is absent or reduced in size and the keratohyalin granules are minute and crumbly in appearance. In the recessive form the granular layer and keratohyalin granules are normal. A family which probably has dominant ichthyosis vulgaris is described. The stratum granulosum and keratohyalin granules as determined by both light and electron microscopy are normal. In view of the inconstant morphologic appearance of the stratum granulosum in ichthyosis vulgaris, it is suggested that distinction between the dominant and X-linked forms should not be based on the structural characteristics of the granular layer alone, but rather on a combined evaluation of the pedigree, clinical features and the appearance of the stratum granulosum. PMID- 1248166 TI - Incidence of albinism in British Columbia (B.C.). Separation by hairbulb test. PMID- 1248167 TI - Split-hand and split-foot deformity inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. AB - A intermarried consanguineous family with split-hand and -foot deformity occurring in two sibship is presented. Both the sibship resulted from marriage between first cousins. This report, together with those of Ray (1960) and Freire Maia (1971), further demonstrates that split-hand and -foot deformity can be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 1248168 TI - Essential tremor, nystagmus and duodenal ulceration. A "new" dominantly inherited condition. AB - The familial occurrence of essential tremor combined with (congenital) nystagmus, duodenal ulceration and a narcolepsy-like sleep disturbance caused by an autosomal dominant gene with high penetrance and fairly uniform expressivity is reported in a family of Swedish-Finnish ancestry. Twelve of 17 affected family members had essential tremor which began between 30-40 years of age and which could be controlled temporarily by alcohol; this resulted in alcoholism in several affected individuals. The most severly affected persons showed cerebellar signs which may reflect a possible pathogenetic relationship of the syndrome to the genetic cerebellar atrophies. Nystagmus, observed in 12 of 17 affected family members (eight of whom were also affected with tremor) usually was congenital and accompanied by refractive errors. Duodenal ulcers occurred almost exclusively in individuals with the neurological syndrome, and preceded its onset in some cases. The ulcer disease therefore seems to be a component manifestation of the syndrome and is interpreted as a pleiotropic effect of the gene which also causes the nystagmus, tremor and sleep disturbance. PMID- 1248169 TI - Histidinuria: a renal and intestinal histidine transport deficiency found in two mentally retarded children. AB - Two siblings presenting slight mental retardation showed an abnormal elimination of histidine, their blood levels for the same amino acid being normal. The percentage of tubular resorption of histidine was calculated in both boys, and the values were 40.1 per cent (case 1) and 52.8 per cent (case 2). All other amino acids essayed were normal. After an oral overload test with histidine, a low intestinal absorption was found in the two boys, the values of this test in the parents being intermediate between those of the children and of the three normal controls and corresponding to heterozygosity. In view of the studies carried out on the two boys, it is possible to conclude that they are suffering from an impairment in their histidine membrane transport system which affects the kidney and intestines. Since they are siblings a genetically determined trait may be suspected. PMID- 1248170 TI - X-linked nonspecific mental retardation. Report of a large kindred. AB - A seven-generation pedigree of apparent X-linked, nonspecific mental retardation is reported. There are 19 known affected males who appear to have received the gene through normal mothers. Retardation, lack of fine motor coordination, hyperactivity and a speech defect are the characteristics of affected individuals studied. PMID- 1248171 TI - Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in ethnic groups in Israel. PMID- 1248172 TI - Aplastic anemia followed by leukemia in congenital trisomy 8 mosaicism. Ultrastructural studies of polymorphonuclear cells in peripheral blood. AB - The case of a 40-year-old patient with congenital trisomy 8 and sex chromosome mosaicism is discussed. The main clinical features were: mental retardation, thick and darkly pigmented skin, prominent forehead, convergent strabismus, high arched palate, flexion contractures of the extremities, and numerous skeletal abnormalities. The patient developed severe aplastic anemia followed by an interim period of preleukemia which developed into acute leukemia. Electron microscope examination of the white blood cells at the stage of the aplastic anemia showed ultrastructural abnormalities similar to those observed in other genetic disorders with a predisposition to leukemia, as well as in leukemia. PMID- 1248173 TI - Identical tetramelic monodactyly in two brothers. AB - We report almost identical tetramelic monodactyly in two brothers. On the hands and on the feet, only the 5th fingers and the 5th toes were present. Aplastic and hypoplastic defects were found to some degree in the remaining skeletal parts of the hands and feet. All observed deformities were symmetrical. No other defects of either the upper or the lower extremities were found. Both brothers had no other malformation or dysplasias and were apparently of normal intelligence. There were no further cases in the ancestry. PMID- 1248174 TI - Microphotometry of banded human chromosomes II. Technique for microphotography of banding patterns. AB - As part of a study of chromosome banding patterns by microphotometric measurements of photographic negatives, banded chromosomes were microphotographed in order to evaluate the importance of the size of the condensor (illumination) aperture for obtaining high resolution. The resolution was found to be closely correlated to the numerical aperture of the objective, but within wide limits it was independent of the condensor aperture. The reason is assumed to be light scattering caused by the object, which results in illumination of the full objective aperture. The optimal photographic method was found to include the use of a 63x oil planapochromate objective (NA 1.4) and a total microscope magnification of 250x. PMID- 1248175 TI - 48, XXXY Klinefelter syndrome and nail-patella syndrome in the same child. AB - A patient is described who in addition to having the 48, XXXY Klinefelter syndrome has the autosomal dominant nail-patella syndrome, inherited through his mother from the grandfather. Clinical signs of both syndromes were found. Chromosomal investigation with BUDR incorporation and acridine orange staining showed that one X chromosome stained intensively, while the other X chromosomes were elongated and weakly stained. Difference in degree of stretching of the supernumerary chromosomes was noted. The occurrence of the two rare syndromes in the same patient is assumed to be fortuitous. PMID- 1248176 TI - Cytogenetics of 50 patients with mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies and 50 normal subjects. Madison blind study IV. AB - The chromosomes of 50 idiopathic mentally retarded patients with at least three other anomalies and 50 normal subjects were analyzed from randomized coded slides. The chromosomally abnormal cases were also studied by means of Q-banding. Seven of the patients showed a chromosome anomaly. Two had an extra G-like chromosome, which in case M99 consisted mainly of 16p (he had also a small Y chromosome shared by his father and brother), and in case M8 of 9p. The mother and sister of M99 were balanced translocation carriers. Case M18 (published separately) has approximately half of 12p deleted. Case M60 had a deletion of 20q and trisomy for a segment which most probably came from 7p. Case M49 had a deletion of 1p and increased centric heterochromatin in 1q: the latter abnormality was shared by the father and a sister. Case M83 displayed low-grade mosaicism for cells with an extra small ring of unknown origin. Case M38 had the brightly fluorescent distal part of the Y chromosome duplicated, and the father had the same chromosome. In the five first cases the phenotype was presumably caused by the chromosome anomaly, and in the mosaic this is a possible cause. In the normal subjects, two persons had minor chromosome anomalies: case M68 had a pericentric inversion in the Y chromosome, which was found also in the father and the brother, and case M10 had a telocentric no. 21. Three of the patients (M18, M49 and M99) can be regarded as type specimens for new syndromes in the sense that the chromosome anomalies causing the respective phenotypes have been identified for the first time. PMID- 1248177 TI - Polycystic kidney disease in a patient with the oral-facial-digital syndrome - type I. AB - Bilateral polycystic kidneys and chronic renal failure were observed in a 48-year old woman with the classic clinical features of the oral-facial-digital syndrome, Type I (OFD-I). Since this association has been previously reported in two other patients, these findings suggest that polycystic kidneys may be a hitherto unrecognized manifestation of the oral-facial-digital syndrome. PMID- 1248178 TI - A case of trisomy 20? AB - Chromosome determination in a girl who at birth had an abnormal appearance and a cat's cry, and later a poor weight gain and psychomotor retardation, showed a probable trisomy of chromosome pair no. 20. The analysis was made by means of photometric examination of G-banded chromosomes from lymphocyte cultures. The deviating chromosome was identified in fibroblast cultures as well. PMID- 1248179 TI - An isochromosome of the short arms of the no. 18 chromosome in a mentally retarded girl. AB - A 2.5-year-old girl with several congenital anomalies is described. Chromosomal analysis suggests the presence of a small extra metacentric chromosome which was identified as isochromosome 18p by means of R-banding and C-banding. PMID- 1248180 TI - Autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy in Manitoba Hutterites. AB - A slowly progressive type of muscular dystrophy affecting 11 known members of several Southern Manitoba Hutterite colonies is described. Though encompassing the facial characteristics of the facio-scapulo-humeral type and the proximal distribution of the limb-girdle type, it was felt that this disease represents a distinct type of muscular dystrophy with autosomal recessive inheritance. Since all "affected" colonies can be traced to one founding colony in South Dakota, the disease may have been introduced from Europe between 1874 and 1879. Furthermore, normal fertility and a high degree of inbreeding in a genetically isolated population have contributed to the maintenance of the disease in the population. PMID- 1248182 TI - Inheritance of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): further observations. AB - From a survey of newborn infants using truncate ascertainment of families through affected offspring, 64 cases of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) were found. Pedigree information was obtained from 42 families. The incidence of HLHS, based on 64 affected infants, was 36.5/100,000 births. The incidence of HLHS with aortic and/or mitral atresia was 25.1/100,000 births. The recurrence among later siblings was about 2 %. Autosomal recessive hypothesis of transmission of this disorder was not supported. Using Edwards' formula, the observed recurrence among later siblings was compatible with polygenic inheritance. PMID- 1248181 TI - Cerebellar ataxia and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in two kindreds. Chance concurrence, pleiotropism or linkage? AB - Two kindreds with Marinesco-Sjogren's syndrome in three sibships are described. In five of the six affected, but in none of the unaffected sibs, a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was observed. In one of the kindreds a high degree of inbreeding was revealed, and inbreeding likely also existed in the other kindred. The two families were not related. Marinesco-Sjogren's syndrome is known to be a distinct clinical entity, governed by autosomal recessive inheritance, and this also applies to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Several heredo degenerative nervous disorders are accompanied by a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is believed to be secondary to the neurological disorder, as in traumatic paraplegia. A hypergonadotropic hypoganadism cannot readily be explained in this way. We consider genetic linkage between two independent disorders as the most likely explanation for the observed concurrence. PMID- 1248183 TI - Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 7. AB - A baby with partial trisomy 7, 46, XY,t (5;7) (q35;q31) resulting from a familial translocation (5q+,7q-) is reported. The clinical abnormalities of this case closely resemble those of previously reported cases of partial trisomy 7. It is suggested that partial trisomy 7 may represent a clinical entity. PMID- 1248184 TI - Senior-Loken syndrome (nephronophthisis and tapeto-retinal degeneration): a study of 8 cases from 5 families. AB - The association of nephronophthisis and tapeto-retional degeneration was described by both Senior and Loken in 1961, but prior to 1974 only 28 cases had been published. This report describes 8 new cases in 27 members of 5 families. The severe juvenile type produces blindness in infancy and death from renal failure before the age of ten. The adult type is characterized by later onset, slower progression of the renal disease and milder ocular manifestations. The eye disease may be congenital amaurosis of Leber type, pigmentary retinal degeneration or retinitis punctata albescens and the electroretinogram (ERG) is of value in the diagnosis of these varieties of hereditary tapeto-retinal degeneration. Renal involvement is often asymptomatic. Defective urinary concentration leading to polyuria and polydipsia is the earliest sign. Proteinuria is inconstant and urinary sediment is often normal. Two patients had aminoaciduria. The disease progresses inexorably to chronic renal failure. One patient has been successfully transplanted and two others are on chronic hemodialysis. Renal histological changes are those of nephronophthisis with tubulointerstitial lesions and multiple cysts. Senior-Loken syndrome appears to be transmitted by a single autosomal recessive pleotropic gene of variable expression. Degeneration of neuroepithelium and renal tubular epithelium, both tissues of ectodermal origin, may represent a genetically determined enzyme abnormality. PMID- 1248186 TI - Letter: The terminology of the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1248185 TI - Reversible encephalopathy following cephacetril therapy in high doses in a patient on chronic intermittent hemodialysis. AB - A patient on chronic intermittent hemodialysis at home showed signs of acute encephalopathy after an 8-day's treatment with a total dose of 78 g cephacetril (Celospor). Features included papilledema, loss of visual fields, severe generalized EEG changes and bilateral occipital abnormalities on a brain scintigram. Psychopathological findings consisted of a severe psychosis. The visual fields defects were the last sign of the encephalopathy to disappear. PMID- 1248187 TI - Letter: High efficiency disposable dialyzers. PMID- 1248188 TI - The use of heparin in the treatment of idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AB - 14 cases of idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (I. R. P. G. N.) treated by heparin between 1968 and 1974 were collected by the authors. Extra capillary crescents (E. C. C.) occurred in 75 to 100% of glomeruli in ten patients and in 50 to 75% in four. Gross proteinuria, hematuria and renal failure were always present. 9 patients were admitted with primary oligo-anuric renal failure. 11 patients were treated by repeated hemodialysis before and during anticoagulant treatment. Heparin was given by intra-venous injection every 3 hours for one to two months with Howell times range from 150 to 200% of control. Heparin was the only treatment in 6 cases, and was given with dipyridamole in 4, with prednisone in 3 and with azathioprine in one case. 5 severe or fatal hemorragic complications were observed. The clinical course was usually unfavorable with 5 early deaths, 3 provisional steady-states with 2 late deaths. Six patients were treated by periodic hemodialysis. Repeat kidney biopsies were obtained in 8 patients. The findings suggest that heparin affects mainly the E. C. C. and fibrinoid deposits but not glomerular sclerosis. The inefficiency of all current treatments of primary oligo-anuric IRPGN is stressed. In patients with better initial renal function choice between anticoagulant and/or immuno depressive drugs must be scrutinized in individual cases bearing in mind potential iatrogenic complications. In equivocal cases, patients should be referred to the chronic hemodialysis and/or transplantation program. PMID- 1248189 TI - Yes, I mind if you smoke. PMID- 1248190 TI - Growing vector resistance to insecticides. PMID- 1248191 TI - Bradycardia preceding apneic attacks in low-birthweight infants. The relationship and management. AB - Two premature infants had frequent episodes of prolonged apnea. The apneic spells were not due to the more commonly known causes of apnea in infancy, but were consistently preceded by severe bradycardia. Atropine or ephedrine produced favorable therapeutic results. Since severe bradycardia may be a cause of sudden death in infants, its recognition and treatment is important in the management of apneic infants. PMID- 1248192 TI - Explosive asthma in the infant and young child under two years. Clinical features, anatomic and physiologic peculiarities. PMID- 1248193 TI - Progress in virology. Pathways in the progression of respiratory tract invasions. PMID- 1248194 TI - (Arteriovenous air embolism). A complication of mechanical ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1248195 TI - Breast feeding elsewhere. PMID- 1248196 TI - Toe digital transfer. PMID- 1248197 TI - Sensory mapping. AB - The primary aim in reconstructive surgery of the upper extremity is to provide tactile gnosis to sensory depleted areas. It is essential for restoration of function and successful rehabilitation of the injured hand. Neurovascular free flaps may provide the answer to this catastrophic problem and transform a useless appendage into a functional gripping hand. Sensory mapping techniques can greatly assist the surgeon in precisely defining new donor sites for these transfers. Cutaneous sensibility, cutaneous sensation, and hand function are subjects of great complexity. Much more investigative and clinical work is needed in this challenging field to improve our evaluation of the sensory injury to the hand and to provide new avenues for restoring functional sensibility in the upper extremity. PMID- 1248198 TI - Joint injuries and their sequelae. PMID- 1248199 TI - The fate of circulating lactate dehydrogenase-5 in the rabbit. AB - 1. In an attempt to determine the mechanism whereby enzymes are removed from the circulating plasma, purified rabbit-muscle lactate dehydrogenase-5 was labelled with 125I and injected intravenously into rabbits. During the first hour after injection enzyme activity and radioactivity disappeared from the plasma at comparable fast rates, which are attributed mainly to distribution of the enzyme throughout the extracellular fluid. This was followed by a phase lasting about 7 h during which enzyme activity disappeared at a faster rate than the radioactivity, an observation indicating either intravascular breakdown of the enzyme protein or its degradation in the tissues, followed by release of labelled fragments into the circulation. Enzyme activity then reached a constant value and the plasma radioactivity continued to decrease at a slower exponential rate; it is suggested that this is due to removal of breakdown products. 2. The radioactivity of the tissues was measured at various time-intervals after injection. After 2 h and 8 h highest concentrations were found in the spleen, liver, jejunum and duodenum. Relatively high concentrations were also found in the intestinal juices throughout the period of study, an observation which suggests that discharge via the small intestine is a major route whereby inactivated enzyme fragments are removed from the circulation. 3. About 5% of the injected radioactivity was recovered in the faeces during the first 3 days, and the urine accounted for 73% during the same period. About 35% of the urinary radioactivity was shown by silver nitrate precipitation and by chromatography to consist of free iodide and the remainder appeared to consist of radio-iodinated amino acids or peptides. Free mono- and di-iodotyrosine were identified among the products. These results suggest that further breakdown in the intestine is followed by absorption of the products, which are excreted in the urine. PMID- 1248200 TI - Effect of liver failure on the cerebral circulatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in the goat. AB - 1. Six unanaesthetized goats were used to evaluate the effect of liver failure on the hypoxic responsiveness of cerebral blood flow. The animals breathed air and several different hypoxic gas mixtures enriched with sufficient CO2 to maintain an isocapnic state. The cerebral metabolic rate for O2 (CMRo2) was also measured in four of these goats. 2. In baseline studies there was a linear relationship between cerebral blood flow and arterial O2 saturation (Sa,o2) measured at different levels of isocapnic hypoxia. The slopes of the cerebral blood flow/Sa,o2 response lines were used to quantify the response of cerebral blood flow to hypoxia. In the healthy goat, CMRo2 was not depressed by hypoxia until the O2 tension (Po2) in arterial and cerebral venous blood had fallen below critical threshold values of approximately 3-2 and 2-2 kPa (24 and 16 mmHg) respectively. 3. Liver failure was accompanied by a fall in cerebral blood flow and CMRo2. There was also a depression in the response of cerebral blood flow to hypoxia and a disproportionate reduction of cerebral O2 delivery in hypoxia. CMRo2 was further reduced at arterial and cerebral venous Po2 values, which were much higher than the critical threshold values for producing hypoxic CMRo2 depression in health. 4. It is concluded that the brain becomes more vulnerable to the adverse effects of hypoxia during liver failure. This may be of practical importance in the management of patients with arterial hypoxaemia or other complications (e.g. anaemia or shock), which may reduce cerebral oxygen delivery. PMID- 1248201 TI - The pattern of venous drainage of surgically created side-to-side arteriovenous fistulae in the human forearm. AB - 1. The forearm and hand circulation in nine patients with a surgically created side-to-side fistula between the radial artery and a nearby superficial vein in the lower forearm has been investigated. 2. Dilated veins on the dorsum of the hand communicated with the fistula without intervening valvular obstruction. Skin temperature of both forearm and hand was greater on the side with the fistula in all cases. 3. Inflation of an occlusion cuff distal to the fistula markedly reduced apparent fistular flow. 4. It is concluded that the fistulae result in increased blood flow to the hand by retrograde flow from the fistula into the hand veins. Hand as well as forearm must be included in the plethysmographic measurement of blood flow in such cases. PMID- 1248202 TI - Measurement by venous occlusion plethysmography of blood flow through surgically created arteriovenous fistulae in the human forearm. AB - 1. Plethysmographs containing the hand plus forearm were used to measure blood flow in patients with a srugically created arteriovenous fistula in one forearm. 2. Apparent flow rate was stable over a limited range of collecting pressures; the absolute value of these pressures varied from patient to patient. 3. After arterial occlusion, blood flow increased by a similar amount on the normal side and on the side with the fistula. 4. Occlusion of fistular flow produced no significant change in heart rate. 5. Fistular flow, estimated as the difference between flow on the two sides, averaged 525 ml/min in seventeen patients. PMID- 1248203 TI - The role of the colon in urea metabolism in man. AB - 1. The urea content of ileostomy effluent has been measured by the urease method as an indirect estimate of the urea concentration in the lumen of the normal ileum. 2. The plasma disappearance of intravenously administered[14C]urea was used to study intestinal urea breakdown. Normal subjects on high and low protein diets and patients with either excised (i.e. with ileostomies) or excluded colons were studied. 3. The 24 h intestinal urea breakdown was considerably greater than the quantity of urea estimated to be entering the colon from the ileum and across the colonic mucosa. 4. Intestinal urea breakdown increased with increase in dietary protein and decreased with, but was not abolished by, exclusion or excision of the colon. 5. Our results suggest that the colonic lumen is not the only site of intestinal ureolysis and that significant quantities of urea must be broken down either at a juxtamucosal site or in the ileum. PMID- 1248204 TI - A comparison of the clearance of urographic contrast medium (sodium diatrizoate) by peritoneal and haemodialysis. AB - 1. The clearance of isotopically labelled sodium diatrizoate by haemodialysis was measured in vitro, with simulated extracellular fluid, and in vivo in eleven patients, at varying rates of fluid or plasma flow. Clearance was also measured in five patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. In all instances simultaneous measurements of urea clearance were made and the diatrizoate/urea clearance ratio was calculated. 2. In haemodialysis studies, diatrizoate and urea clearances showed a linear increase with increasing 'extracellular fluid' or plasma flow through the dialyser diatrizoate/urea clearance ratio fell. 3. The clearance of diatrizoate in vivo was slightly less than clearance in vitro at corresponding flow rates, but the diatrizoate/urea clearance ratio showed no significant difference. 4. Diatrizoate and urea clearances during peritoneal dialysis were very much lower than during haemodialysis but the diatrizoate/urea clearance ratios were within the same range. 5. The rapid removal of diatrizoate in patients with renal failure requires haemodialysis. PMID- 1248205 TI - Acid hydrolase activities and lysosomal integrity in liver biopsies from patients with iron overload. AB - 1. Iron, acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were assayed in liver biopsies from control subjects and patients with primary and secondary haemochromatosis. 2. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes were significantly higher in liver biopsies from patients with iron overload than in those from other patient groups. 3. Lysosomes from the livers of patients with iron overload were strikingly more fragile than those of control subjects as demonstrated by assays of latent and sedimentable N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. 4. Lysosomal integrity was essentially normal in biopsies from patients with a wide variety of chronic liver diseases. 5. It is suggested that iron accumulation damages lysosomal membrane, releasing acid hydrolases into the cytoplasm and thus initiating cell damage. PMID- 1248206 TI - Absence of an acute effect of calcium or parathyroid hormone administration on plasma renin activity in man. AB - 1. There was no significant change in plasma renin activity over 6 h in five subjects given calcium gluconate or in four subjects given parathyroid hormone. 2. It is concluded that acute hypercalcaemia does not increase plasma renin activity and is unlikely to play a role in the hypertension found with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 1248207 TI - Effects of halothane on pulmonary inactivation of noradrenaline and prostaglandin E2 in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. The inactivation of noradrenaline and prostaglandin E2 was studied in the pulmonary circulation of anaesthetized dogs. 2. Under chloralose anaesthesia and ventilation with air, the inactivation of noradrenaline was 20% and that of prostaglandin E2 was 91%. These values are in agreement with results from previous work. 3. When the dogs were ventilated with halothane-air mixtures, the inactivation of prostaglandin E2 was unaffected but that of noradrenaline was significantly reduced. 4. This effect of halothane is probably due to an interaction with the transport system for noradrenaline associated with cell membranes. 5. Analogous changes in pulmonary noradrenaline inactivation could occur in patients anaesthetized with halothane. PMID- 1248209 TI - Nitrogenous excretory products of adults of Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus granarius. PMID- 1248208 TI - Ionic composition and distribution of myogen proteins in the tail muscle of fresh water crayfish. PMID- 1248210 TI - Origin of di-isobutyl phthalate, a contaminant mimicking nonadecenoic acid in fatty acids of egg membrane lipids. PMID- 1248211 TI - Differential effects of constant illumination on thyroidal lactic dehydrogenase in male and female rats. PMID- 1248212 TI - Isoenzyme comparisons of wild Iranian sheep (Ovis linnaeus). PMID- 1248213 TI - Phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in white shrimp, Penaeus setiferus. PMID- 1248214 TI - Influence of dietary fat source on hepatic lipogenesis in the fasted-refed chick (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 1248215 TI - Heterogeneity and oxygen equilibria of haemoglobin from the bloodworm Glycera gigantea. PMID- 1248217 TI - Transfer RNA methylase activity in a pre-embryonic tissue. PMID- 1248216 TI - The role of particulate esterification in chain length control of de novo synthesized fatty acids in liver and mammary gland. PMID- 1248218 TI - Influence of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and cooling on proteosynthesis in hemocytes of Galleria mellonella. PMID- 1248219 TI - Polymorphism in fowl serum albumin-V. Protein synthesis in cell-free systems from regenerating liver of the fowl (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 1248220 TI - The LDH of the frequently asphyxiated beaver (Castor fiber). PMID- 1248221 TI - Some biochemical responses to temperature acclimation in the limpet. Acmaea limatula carpenter (1864). PMID- 1248222 TI - RNA and protein synthesis in the nucleated erythrocytes of Glycera dibranchiata. PMID- 1248223 TI - Subunit homology in invertebrate hemoglobins: a primitive heme binding chain? PMID- 1248224 TI - Wax esters secreted by the uropygial glands of some Anseriformes. PMID- 1248225 TI - The specific activities of lactic dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in acclimated crayfish, Cambarus bartoni. PMID- 1248226 TI - Brief treatment of homosexual patients. PMID- 1248227 TI - A drug-abuse program at a U.S. army post. PMID- 1248228 TI - A study of the relationship of nonverbal to verbal behavior: effect of lip caressing on hope and oral references as expressed in the content of speech. PMID- 1248229 TI - Flooding in vivo as research tool and treatment method for phobias: a preliminary report. PMID- 1248230 TI - The rehearsal: an experiment in psychoanalytic education. PMID- 1248231 TI - On the process of becoming a psychotherapist: an outline of a core-curriculum for the teaching and learning of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. PMID- 1248232 TI - Resident perception of psychotherapy supervision. PMID- 1248233 TI - Recent changes in leadership styles in medical educational organizations. PMID- 1248234 TI - Transference in a fishbowl: a survey of rural psychoanalysis. PMID- 1248235 TI - The nature of insomnia: a descriptive summary of a sleep clinic population. PMID- 1248236 TI - Emotional considerations in familial polyposis. PMID- 1248237 TI - Current problems in psychohistory. PMID- 1248238 TI - Maurice Levine Essay Award Paper-1973. The psychoanalytic concept of feminine passivity: a comparative study of psychoanalytic and feminist views. PMID- 1248239 TI - Maurice Levine Essay Award Paper-1974. Integration or segregation of theoretical frameworks: a challenge in psychiatric education. PMID- 1248240 TI - Maurice Levine Essay Award Paper-1975. Creativity, the creative process, and cognitive style and state. PMID- 1248241 TI - Making contact with the inner world of the child. Toward a theory of psychoanalytic psychotherapy with children. PMID- 1248242 TI - Recent advances in the psychology of the self: an outline of basic concepts. PMID- 1248243 TI - The analyst, the transference, and the representational world. PMID- 1248244 TI - Basic goodness and the hospital milieu. PMID- 1248245 TI - A developmental theory of suicide. PMID- 1248246 TI - Suicidal preoccupation and psychoanalytic technique. PMID- 1248247 TI - Applied pharmacology of anti-hypertensive drugs. PMID- 1248248 TI - Malignant hyperthermia: a survey. PMID- 1248249 TI - Some hazards of anesthetic management. PMID- 1248250 TI - Artificial insemination. PMID- 1248251 TI - Acute anxiety reaction secondary to food allergy. PMID- 1248252 TI - Women in medicine: a survey of professional activities, career interruptions, and conflict resolutions. Trends in career patterns. (Second of two parts). PMID- 1248253 TI - Ethics of clinical research. PMID- 1248254 TI - Statement on patient education. PMID- 1248255 TI - Reflections from the Dean's office. PMID- 1248256 TI - Inhibition of the positive feedback of oestradiol during treatment with subcutaneous implants of d-norgestrel. PMID- 1248257 TI - Therapeutic abortion of early human gestation with intramuscular 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 1248258 TI - Self-prescription of oral contraceptives in Bogota, Colombia;. PMID- 1248259 TI - Experience with the copper-T and Silicone Shell Loop in parous women: a randomized study. PMID- 1248260 TI - An injectable sustained release fertility control system. PMID- 1248261 TI - Attempted prostaglandin abortion in two cases of abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 1248262 TI - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in renal hypertension. An experimental approach. PMID- 1248263 TI - Editorial: Rebound articles in "hand-me down" journals. PMID- 1248264 TI - Accepting the challenge of lung cancer. PMID- 1248265 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in patients using oral contraceptives. A report of six cases. AB - Six young women who had taken progestational agents for a period of time ranging from six months to five years developed symptoms and signs of pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the presence of severe pulmonary hypertension without evidence of other cardiac or pulmonary abnormalities to explain this phenomenon. Three of the patients had potential predispositions to pulmonary hypertension, including a corrected patent ductus arteriosus with mild pulmonary hypertension in one, collagen vascular disease in a second, and family history of pulmonary hypertension in a third. Three patients had no known predisposing factors. Although the relationship between oral contraceptives and severe pulmonary hypertension is problematic, there have been isolated reports of cases of pulmonary hypertension secondary to oral contraceptive usage. These cases and the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible are discussed. PMID- 1248266 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular motion disorders. Studies in patients recovered from myocardial infarction. AB - Angiographic-electrocardiographic correlations were studied in 253 patients with coronary arterial disease. Left ventriculograms were examined for various motion disorders (local hypokinesia, akinesia, dyskinesia or aneurysm, and generalized hypokinesia). Electrocardiograms were reviewed for the presence of Q waves indicative of transmural myocardial infarction and for the presence of upward convex ST-segment elevation of at least 2 mm. Of 27 consecutively studied subjects with normal coronary arteries and normal ventriculograms, none had Q waves, giving a specificity of 100% for the Q wave. Pathologic Q waves (greater than or equal to 0.04 second) were found in 20% (19) of 96 patients with coronary arterial disease having normal ventricular motion, reducing the specificity for the Q wave to 80% in patients with documented coronary disease. Of 157 patients with coronary disease and ventricular dyssynergy, 118 had pathologic Q waves, yielding a sensitivity of 75%. Concomitant Q waves plus 2 mm ST-segment elevation were present in 45 of the 118 postinfarction patients with ventricular dyssynergy, giving a sensitivity of 38%. The specificity of this combination in coronary patients was 84%. PMID- 1248267 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of the blood-air barrier in pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Stereologic techniques were utilized in an electron microscopic study of biopsy samples obtained from the lungs of seven patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Relative fractional volumes of alveolar septal components and the arithmetic mean thickness and harmonic mean thickness of alveolocapillary membranes (blood-air barrier) were compared with values for normal lungs. Based on morphometric analysis, increases in the arithmetic mean thickness and the harmonic mean thickness of the alveolocapillary membranes appeared too small to account for the reduction in gas transfer present; however, there was a quantitative relative increase in interstitial tissue in alveolar septa, which does not take part in gas exchange, at the expense of the capillary bed, which is critical to this function. PMID- 1248268 TI - Electrocardiographic radiotelemetry in the early recuperative period of acute myocardial infarction. Its value in detecting arrhythmias in the setting of a progressive coronary care unit. AB - One hundred seventeen consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction transferred from the coronary care unit to a progressive coronary care unit were monitored by electrocardiographic radiotelemetry for a median of five days for arrhythmia detection. Eighty patients (68%) had arrhythmias; 37 patients (32%) had none. Almost all arrhythmias were detected by the sixth day of monitoring. Thirty-nine patients (33%) had premature ventricular contractions, two patients had primary ventricular tachycardia, one patient had primary ventricular fibrillation, and two patients had secondary ventricular fibrillation. An additional patient was successfully resuscitated after monitoring had been discontinued. Four (3%) of 117 patients had a potentially lethal arrhythmia treated successfully, three while being monitored. Twenty-five of the patients (21%) had 33 episodes of treatment intervention because of telemetrically detected events. Five patients (4%) died, all of unpreventable causes. No patient died because of an arrythmia. We conclude that telemetry is feasible and practical in detecting arrhythmias. It is clear that potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias do occur following transfer from the coronary care unit and that monitoring is, therefore, desirable. PMID- 1248269 TI - Effect of oxygen in graded concentrations upon tracheal mucous velocity. A study in anesthetized dogs. AB - Graded concentrations of oxygen were used to establish dose-duration relations for the effect of oxygen on tracheal mucous velocity and tracheobronchial histologic findings in the anesthetized dog. Observations of tracheal mucous velocity were made during 30-hour periods of breathing air (100-percent humidified and warmed to 38 degrees C) and oxygen mixtures (also 100-percent humidified and warmed to 38 degrees C). In animals breathing oxygen mixtures, the baseline tracheal mucous velocity was taken as the value while breathing room air at the experiment's start. No statistically significant differences in tracheal mucous velocity occurred during air breathing. Tracheal mucous velocity fell 45 percent from the baseline value after breathing 100-percent oxygen for two hours (P less than 0.01), fell 42 percent after 75-percent oxygen for nine hours (P less than 0.01) and fell 51 percent after 50-percent oxygen for 30 hours (P less than 0.001). Histologic examination of the trachea and major bronchi after six hours of 100-percent oxygen and 12 hours of 75-percent oxygen revealed signs of acute tracheobronchitis. Minor histologic alterations in the tracheobronchial tree occurred both in animals breathing air and 50-percent oxygen for 30 hours; therefore, histologic evidence of oxygen toxicity could not be established at 30 hours. These findings indicate that in the anesthetized dog, oxygen depresses mucous transport as a function of inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) and that even FIO2 as low as 0.05 might be deleterious. PMID- 1248270 TI - Detection of unstable angina by 99m technetium pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy. AB - 99mTechnetium stannous pyrophosphate has been shown to accumulate in acutely infarcted myocardium. To determine if the isotope is also taken up by severely ischemic, but not necrotic myocardium, we performed myocardial scintigraphic studies in 17 patients with chest pains. Seven of the patients satisfied conventional clinical, electrographic, and laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of unstable angina and showed no electrocardiographic or enzymatic evidence of myocardial necrosis. Five of these seven patients with unstable angina demonstrated abnormal localized patterns, and one showed a borderline picture. Myocardial scintiscans were normal in all of a control group of ten patients with stable angina. Thus, scanning with 99mtechnetium stannous pyrophosphate is shown to be of value in the objective demonstration of myocardial abnormality in unstable angina. PMID- 1248271 TI - Chest physiotherapy and the distribution of ventilation. AB - The injured or postoperative thorax is commonly treated with physiotherapy employing "unilateral breathing" techniques. The ability of these methods to alter the distribution of ventilation and blood flow (oxygen uptake) was examined in four patients undergoing bronchospirometry. No change was observed in these measurements in the lung toward which efforts were being directed to either enhance or restrict the mechanics of breathing. To further examine the problem, two susceptible subjects were hypnotized following intubation for bronchospirometry, and emotional and physical states were suggested that limit motion in one hemithorax. This included the presence of pleuritic pain in one subject who had ample experience with this symptom. In no instance did we find a change in the distribution of ventilation or blood flow to the lung that was supposed to be limited; however, in 17 subjects, lying on one side produced a significant increase in ventilation and blood flow in the dependent lung. Lying on one side or the other consistently and predictably modified ventilation and blood flow, while attempts to produce similar changes by voluntary intention or commonly applied mechanical aids were ineffective. PMID- 1248272 TI - Comparison of tracheobronchial suction catheters in humans. Visualization by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. AB - Tracheobronchial suctioning was performed in 20 patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic bronchoscopic examination. The effect of a single suctioning procedure on the airway mucosa was observed and recorded by still and cine photography through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. A variety of catheters of various designs were evaluated. All produced a negligible amount of trauma, and none was superior in efficiently evacuating mucus from the airways. Mucosal trauma with tracheobronchial suctioning procedures is more likely due to repetition, vigor, and amount of suction applied, regardless of which type of catheter is used. PMID- 1248273 TI - Stenotic semilunar valve in persistent truncus arteriosus. AB - The clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic findings in two newborn infants with persistent truncus arteriosus and stenosis of the truncal valve are described. In one case the anatomic features of the basic condition were classic, with a dysplastic semilunar valve which was mainly stenotic and also incompetent, while in the other the truncus arteriosus arose exclusively from the right ventricle and was almost exclusively stenotic. A ventricular septal defect was the only outlet for the left ventricle. In this case, mitral stenosis was also present and associated with a left-to-right shunt at the atrial level. PMID- 1248274 TI - Corrected transposition of the great arteries simulating coronary heart disease in adults. AB - Two middle-aged adults with corrected transposition of the great arteries presented with chest pain and dyspnea, initially attributed to coronary arterial disease with left ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. The clinical diagnosis of coronary arterial disease was supported in these patients by electrocardiographic changes of probable old anteroseptal myocardial infarction and by an abnormal cardiac silhouette on the chest x-ray film suggestive of ventricular aneurysm. Coronary arteriographic studies in both patients showed that the morphologic left coronary artery supplied the venous ventricle, and the right coronary artery supplied the systemic ventricle. Neither patient had coronary arterial luminal narrowing. We propose that anginal chest pain in these patients resulted from inadequate coronary reserve of the morphologic right ventricle functioning as a systemic ventricle. PMID- 1248275 TI - Roentgenogram of the month Asymmetry of the chest in asymptomatic man. PMID- 1248276 TI - Pseudoprolapse of the mitral valve in a patient with pericardial effusion. PMID- 1248277 TI - "Supernormal" atrioventricular conduction revealing posterior wall myocardial infarction. Demonstration by timed biplane vectorcardiography. PMID- 1248278 TI - Right ventricular apexangiography for precise placement of transvenous electrode catheters. AB - A simple angiographic technique (right ventricular apexangiography) for positioning permanent transvenous pacemakers is described. With this technique, electrode failure occurred in only five (3%) of 186 patients followed for more than two years, as compared to an average failure rate of 23% in 11 reported series. Right ventricular apexangiography should be particularly useful in those patients in whom problems arise during insertion of a permanent transvenous electrode catheter. PMID- 1248279 TI - Alveolar proteinosis. Lobar lavage by fiberoptic bronchoscopic technique. AB - Lavage limited to an isolated lobe was performed on multiple occasions using a cuffed fiberoptic bronchoscope in a patient with alveolar proteinosis. Sequential ventilation-perfusion scintiphotoscans were used to preselect and follow the functional behavior of the lavaged lobe. Lavage led to functional improvement. The technique of fiber-optic bronchoscopic lobar lavage is simple and may find application in patients in whom lavage of an entire lung may be hazardous. PMID- 1248280 TI - Melioidosis complicated by pericarditis. AB - A case of acute and recrudescent melioidosis complicated by pericarditis and pericardial effusion is described. The potential for the appearance of future cases in the United States and the necessity for physicians to remain aware of this potential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 1248281 TI - Tumor emboli presenting as pulmonary hypertension. A diagnostic dilemma. AB - A case of recurrent tumor emboli secondary to choriocarcinoma is described. The patient presented with obvious pulmonary hypertension and was diagnosed and treated as a case of multiple pulmonary embolism. Information which suggested the possibility of tumor emboli was indeed present but recognized only retrospectively. PMID- 1248282 TI - Median sternotomy wound infection and anterior mediastinitis caused by bacteroides fragilis. AB - The first reported case of median sternotomy infection and mediastinitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis is described. Several positive blood cultures led to diagnostic anaerobic cultures of the wound and administration of clindamycin therapy. This anaerobic infection should be suspected whenever Gram smears of exudates show gram-negative bacilli and aerobic cultures are sterile. PMID- 1248283 TI - Diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction during right ventricular apical pacing. AB - The diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction is often masked during ventricular pacing. We observed paced ventricular beats with a qR pattern in leads 2,3, and aVF in a patient with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction and a temporary pacemaker at the apex of the right ventricle. Such a pattern might be specific for the diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction, because it is never seen during uncomplicated pacing from anywhere within the right ventricular cavity. PMID- 1248284 TI - Chronic calcified aortic dissection. AB - Two cases of chronic aortic dissection are presented. In both, plain chest roentgenograms revealed calcification in the outermost aspect of the dilated aorta. It is clear that this represented calcification of the dissection rather than of the true intima. These cases indicate that apparent aortic intimal calcification with dilatation of the aorta is not completely diagnostic of an arteriosclerotic aneurysm and that a chronic calcified aortic dissection must also be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 1248285 TI - Inferior myocardial infarction in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis. AB - A case of inferior wall myocardial infarction in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis is presented. The clinical and electrocardiographic findings are discussed. PMID- 1248286 TI - Transatrial closure of ventricular septal defect in corrected transposition of the Great Arteries. AB - The repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in corrected transposition of the great arteries has presented many technical problems and was associated with a high mortality. Transatrial closure of the VSD in this malformation obviates many of the hazards and offers good exposure. The operative procedure in such a case is described in detail, and its merits are discussed. PMID- 1248287 TI - Letter: Cutting neddle biopsies. PMID- 1248288 TI - Left atrioventricular valvular insufficiency. Surgical treatment in corrected transposition with cardiac dextrorotation. PMID- 1248289 TI - Letter: Blood gas analysis during hemodialysis. PMID- 1248290 TI - Ventricular fibrillation induced by a defective demand pacemaker. PMID- 1248291 TI - Letter: Atypical causes of Adams-Stokes attacks. PMID- 1248292 TI - Isolated vocal-cord paralysis following blunt trauma to the chest. PMID- 1248293 TI - Pathology of interstitial lung diseases, with particular reference to terminology, classification and trephine lung biopsy. PMID- 1248294 TI - A new diagnostic system for fibrosing alveolitis (interstitial pneumonitis) based on the functional anatomy of the lung. PMID- 1248295 TI - A reappraisal of lung mechanics in fibrosing alveolitis. PMID- 1248296 TI - Distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in patients with interstitial lung disease. PMID- 1248297 TI - Biochemical approaches to the investigation of fibrotic lung disease. PMID- 1248298 TI - Usual and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. PMID- 1248299 TI - Correlated studies of interstitial pulmonary disease. PMID- 1248300 TI - Diffuse fibrotic lung disease: a correlative study. PMID- 1248301 TI - Quantitation of inflammatory activity in interstitial pneumonitis by bronchofiberscopic pulmonary lavage. PMID- 1248302 TI - 67Gallium citrate lung scans in interstitial lung disease. PMID- 1248303 TI - Effect of steroid therapy on gas exchange abnormalities in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease. PMID- 1248304 TI - Pulmonary effects of paraquat poisoning. PMID- 1248305 TI - Pathophysiology of experimental canine interstitial lung disease. PMID- 1248306 TI - Family studies in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 1248307 TI - Experimental granulomatous pneumontis: bronchopulmonary response to Micropolyspora faeni in the rabbit. PMID- 1248308 TI - Experimental granulomatous pneumonitis: immunologic, histologic, and ultrastructural correlations. PMID- 1248309 TI - Humidifier lung: hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to thermotolerant bacterial aerosols. PMID- 1248310 TI - Desquamative interstitial pneumonia following chronic nitrofurantoin therapy. PMID- 1248311 TI - Pulmonary changes among vinyl chloride polymerization workers. PMID- 1248312 TI - Lung function profiles in the chrysotile asbestos mines and mills of Quebec. PMID- 1248313 TI - Environmental factors and the diffusing capacity of the lung in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 1248314 TI - An association between alveolar cell proliferation and interstitial fibrosis following acute lung injury. PMID- 1248315 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 1248316 TI - Altered collagen metabolism in radiation-induced interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 1248317 TI - A specific carrier for O2 and CO in the lung: effects of volatile anesthetics on gas transfer and drug metabolism. PMID- 1248318 TI - Interstitial lung disease (The 18th Aspen Lung Conference). Conference summary. PMID- 1248319 TI - [Fractures of the neck of femur in children]. PMID- 1248320 TI - [New walking heel for walking casts]. PMID- 1248321 TI - [Herniation of the muscles in lower limbs in children]. PMID- 1248323 TI - [Evaluation of Harrington's rods after removal from the area of spine fusion]. PMID- 1248322 TI - [Management in traumatic osteitis]. PMID- 1248324 TI - [Technic of the removal of Harrington's rods]. PMID- 1248325 TI - [Analysis of the pathomechanism of club foot with regard to our own studies on mechanical model]. PMID- 1248326 TI - [Inveterate traumatic dislocation of the hip with necrosis of the femoral head in a child]. PMID- 1248327 TI - [Results of operative treatment of drop foot in irreversible lesion of the peroneal nerve]. PMID- 1248328 TI - [Chiari's osteotomy of the pelvis in treatment of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 1248329 TI - [Neer's operation in the treatment of inveterate syndromes of painful shoulder]. PMID- 1248330 TI - [Maffucci's syndrome (dyschondroplasia et haemangiomata)]. PMID- 1248331 TI - [Diagnostic difficulities and late results in the treatment of primary malignant paraosseal tumors originating from the muscular tissue]. PMID- 1248332 TI - In situ hybridization of "nick-translated" 3H-ribosomal DNA to chromosomes from salamanders. AB - A technique is described for preparation of 3H-labelled DNA by nick-translation employing deoxyribonuclease I and DNA polymerase I. The labelled DNA can be obtained in high yield with specific activities of 10(6) cpm/mug or more. Ribosomal DNA, isolated from ovaries of young Xenopus laevis, and whole DNA from Plethodon cinereus were labelled in this way. The rDNA was used for in situ hybridization to meiotic chromosomes from P. cinereus, P. vehiculum and P. dunni. Autoradiographs of in situ hybrids were exposed for 5 to 10 days, by which time nucleolus organizer regions on the chromosomes of all 3 species were clearly and specifically labelled. In all cases, labelling was confined to a short region near the middle of the short arm of both halves of a medium length bivalent. It is concluded that nick-translation is a useful and altogether efficient method of labelling nucleic acids for subsequent use in experiments involving in situ hybridizations. PMID- 1248334 TI - Further studies on polyploid amphibians. V. C-banding in diploid and tetraploid species of Odontophrynus. AB - C-band patterns of some Odontophrynus species from Brazil are described. O. americanus 2n and 4n are cryptic species similar to O. cultripes 2n, but their C banding patterns are different. In O. americanus 2n the C-band appears at the secondary constriction of chromosomes 4. In O. americanus 4n and O. cultripes the C-band appears at the secondary constriction of chromosomes 11. O. cultripes chromosomes 2,3 and 6, have also an intercalary band. Furthermore, fine centromeric bands in several weeks old preparations of these species were observed. The possibility of a structural or chemical heterogeneity of those heterochromatic regions is discussed. PMID- 1248333 TI - In situ detection of a DNA-polymerase activity in the nuclei of mouse spermatozoa. AB - A nuclear DNA-polymerase activity has been detected in situ in mouse spermatozoa with a cytochemical method. The acid-insoluble radioactive product obtained after incubation in a mixture containing all four deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates, Mg++,KCl and dithiothreitol (DTT) was completely removed by DNAse but was insensitive to RNAse and pronase action. The polymerization reaction did not take place in the presence of only one nucleotide and was dramatically reduced when actinomycin D was present; it did not seem to be inhibited markedly by N ethylmaleimide (NEM) or by parahydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) but was sensitive to high concentrations of KCl.--The reaction depended strictly on the presence of nuclear DNA as template since treatment with pancreatic DNAae before the DNA polymerase assay completely prevented the appearance of any radioactivity. PMID- 1248335 TI - Karyotypic variation in the Australian gekko Phyllodactylus marmoratus (Gray) (Gekkonidae: Reptilia) AB - The gekko Phyllodactylus marmoratus has at least three distinct chromosome races; 2n=39, 2n=26 ZZ/ZW and 2n=34. Specimens from these races are morphologically distinguishable, have a degree of habitat specialization and occur in a defined distribution. The 2n=36 race found in Eastern Australia is the presumed primordial type. The 2n=34 race occurs in Western Australia and is regarded as a fusion derivative. The 2n=36 ZZ/ZW race, which is only found on the Murray River system in Eastern Australia has a heteromorphic sex chromosome system present in the female. Giemsa banding suggests that this heteromorphism is the result of a pericentric inversion. PMID- 1248336 TI - Pairing and segregation of the sex chromosomes in X1X2-males of Dysdercus intermedius with a note on the kinetic organization of heteropteran chromosomes. AB - The existence of an X1X2-mode of sex determination is confirmed by a study of all meiotic stages in the male cotton stainer (X1X2) and pertinent stages in the female (X1X1X2X2). In the male, the X-chromosomes are heterochromatic and pair end-to-end in early meiotic prophase. At diakinesis, they disjoin and align side by-side in the center of the spindle, forming a pseudotetrad. Anaphase I is equational for the sex chromosomes. At late anaphase or telephase, X1 and X2 join end-to-end but form spindle fiber connections to only one of the poles of the metaphase II spindle, leading to one daughter cell without X chromosomes and one with both X1 and X2. An attempt is made to explain sex chromosome pairing and orientation on the basis of a telocentric organization of meiotic chromosomes. The apparent differences in the kinetic organization of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in Heteroptera are discussed. PMID- 1248337 TI - Interchromosomal asynchrony of DNA replication in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila pseudoobscura. AB - Analysis of 3H-thymidine autoradiograms of late third instar larval salivary glands of Drosophila pseudoobscura revealed a unique example of asynchrony of replication in the autosome complement. The two autosomal arms, 2 and 3, show similar labeling pattern during the initial phases, DD to 3C, and thereafter, the chromosome 3 has fewer labeled sites than chromosome 2 until the most terminal pattern, 1D. Detailed sitewise analysis of 3H-thymidine labeling shows that while nearly 54% of the sites examined in chromosome 2 have a labeling frequency greater than 50%, only 13% of all sites in chromosome 3 have labeling frequency at that range. The number of labeled sites on chromosome 3 plotted against that on chromosome 2 shows a hyperbolic profile rather than a linear relationship. The silver grain ratio of the 2nd to 3rd increases from 1.5 to 3.1 through different stages of the cycle. These results suggest that both chromosomes start replication simultaneously but the third chromosome appears to complete the replication earlier than the second. These data open up the possibility of separate control mechanisms for the initiation and termination of DNA replication in polytene chromosomes. PMID- 1248338 TI - Patterns of incorporation of tritiated thymidine by the dorsal polytene foot-pad nuclei of Sarcophaga bullata (Sarcophagidae:Diptera). AB - The incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the DNA of the dorsal foot-pad nuclei of Sarcophaga bullata, during pharate adult development, was studied by scintillation counting and autoradiography. Incorporation was maximal on day 4 and showed a progressive temporal decline on days 5 to 8. Autoradiographs of chromosomal arms A1, A2 and D1, from late stages of the prolonged S period, showed discontinuous incorporation. On days 7 and 8 loci which incorporated the radio-labeled precursor were almost exclusively associated with DNA granules. DNA granules were associated with 8 specific loci in chromosomal arm A1, 10 in A2, and 8 in D1. The relationship between patterns of incorporation of tritiated thymidine and DNA granules is discussed. PMID- 1248339 TI - Chromosome homology and evolution of emydid turtles. AB - G-, C-, Q-banding and standard karyotypic analyses were used to study the chromosomal relationships of emydid turtles. Ten species of emydids were used (5 batagurines and 5 emydines) which samples all of the karyotypic variation known for the Emydidae. Data from a testudinid and a chelydrid are compared to the emydids. The karyotype of Mauremys and Sacalia is considered representative of the primitive karyotype for this group because of its widespread occurrence in the morphologically primitive Batagurinae and its similarity to that of some testudinids. The emydine karyotype is believed to have evolved from the primitive batagurine karyotype by the deletion of a heterochromatic macrochromosome. Siebenrockiella and Rhinoclemys are karyotypically derived batagurines. PMID- 1248340 TI - Population cytogenetics of the genus Caledia (Orthoptera: Acridinae). I. Inter- and intraspecific karyotype diversity. AB - The genus Caledia acontains two species. C. species nova 1 is restricted to the Oriomo Plateau of S. W. Papua and has a complement of twelve telocentric chromosomes. The second species C. captiva has a much wider distribution pattern- from S.W. Papua in the North, down the entire Eastern seaboard of Australia to Southern Victoria. It is also found in the Northern Territory. Although the chromosome number is the same as C. species nova 1, four major and distinct chromosomal races can be distinguished in C. captiva.--The basic "ancestral" race is found in Tropical North Queensland at the base of the Cape York Peninsula. All twelve chromosomes are telocentric and the karyotypic organization is similar to that found in C. species nova 1 and in other Acridines. A second, "general purpose" karyotypic race has a wide distribution between S. W. Papua, Arnhem Land and the East Australian coast as far South as Brisbane. It is considered a derivative form of the "ancestral" type and is fixed for small pericentric inversions on seven pairs of chromosomes. In the South-Eastern Queensland region there exists a further race which carries large pericentric inversions on all the autosomes and the X chromosome. The situation here is confounded since the basic chromosomes can be represented as either acro- or telocentrics. Various levels of polymorphism for the inversions exist between different chromosomes in different populations indicating considerable differentiation within this zone. This race is almost completely surrounded by the "general purpose" karyotype where the races are contiguous in certain parts of the range.--The South-Eastern corner of Australia is characterised by a chromosome race quite different from those found further North. Here a complex pericentric inversion system exists involving a series of seven small inversions and larger inversions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 10. Chromosomes 2 and 4, in particular, are highly polymorphic.--The presence and persistence of these 4 chromosomal races can be accounted for in terms of the known climatic changes which have occured in this region in the recent past. PMID- 1248342 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum: carcinoma of the lower two thirds of the rectum. PMID- 1248341 TI - The meotic prophase in Bombyx mori females analyzed by three dimensional reconstructions of synaptonemal complexes. AB - Serial sectioning followed by three dimensional reconstruction of lateral componenets of the synaptoemal complex have been used to follow chromosome pairing during theprophase of the achiasmatic meiotic division in the silkworm. Bombyx mori. During leptotene and early zygotene, the lateral components become attached to the nuclear envelope at a specific region, thus forming a chromosome bouquet. The attachment of lateral componenets to the nuclear envelope precedes the completion of the components between their attachment points. Synapsis and synaptonemal complex formation start during the period of lateral component organization in the individual nucleus. Telomeric movements on the nuclear envelope occur at two stages of the prophase: the chromosome pairing appears to be initiated by an association of unpaired ends of homologus chromosomes, the nature of this primary attraction and recognition being unknown. Secondly, the paired chromosomes become dispersed in the nucleus by shifting of attachment sites of completed synaptonemal complexes at the end of zygotene. This movement is possible related to a membranes flow occuring during this stage. Membrane material is synthesized at the region of synaptonemal complex attachment. Later, the excess membrane material is shifted to the opposite pole where it protudes into the lumen of the nuclei thus forming vacuoles. Two previously undescribed features of chromosomes paring were revealed. In late zygotene, chromosome pairing and synaptonmal complex formation were frequently observed to be delayed or even prevented over s short distance by interlocking two bivalents, both being attached to the nuclear envelope. Such interlocking of bivalents was not found in pachytene... PMID- 1248343 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum: endocavitary contact radiation for carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 1248344 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum: anal cancer in northeast Brazil. PMID- 1248346 TI - Symposium: Cancer of the colon and rectum: discussion. PMID- 1248347 TI - Cryohemorrhoidectomy: Indications and complications. PMID- 1248345 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum: operative management of rectal carcinoma. PMID- 1248348 TI - Method of removing a hollow object from the rectum. PMID- 1248349 TI - Anal fistula: a review of 82 cases. AB - Eighty-two cases of anal fistula have been retrospectively reviewed, and their clinical presentations, pathology, and management presented. Most of the fistulas were primary and, except for the four cases due to tuberculosis, there does not seem to have been any underlying systemic or gastrointestinal causative factor. A preoperative fistulogram is essential in the management of this condition. PMID- 1248350 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum: rectal cancer in Mexico. PMID- 1248351 TI - Postoperative tension pneumoperitoneum, a complication of colonic anastomosis:report of a case. PMID- 1248353 TI - [Adaptive significance of the gibberellin-synthesizing capability of the phytopathogenic fungus Gibberella fujikuroi (Saw.) Wr]. PMID- 1248352 TI - Retrorectal fistula secondary to barium-abscess granuloma: report of a case. PMID- 1248354 TI - [Oxidation-reduction potentials of the excited state of chlorophyll]. PMID- 1248355 TI - [Participation of flavins and iron in regulating the rate of the 1st flavinogenesis reaction in Pichia guilliermondii yeasts]. PMID- 1248356 TI - [Inhibition of cat skeletal muscle cholinesterases by depolarizing myorelaxants]. PMID- 1248357 TI - [Blood flow rate in cerebral cortex capillaries (according to microcinematographic data)]. PMID- 1248358 TI - [Magnitude of oxygen tension in neurons (according to data from in vivo measurements and calculations of neuron-capillary relations)]. PMID- 1248359 TI - [Formation of tonic anc phasic type reactions in segmental interneurons]. PMID- 1248361 TI - [Stereochemistry of the antibiotic hyperphorin]. PMID- 1248360 TI - [Structure of the antibiotic hyperforin]. PMID- 1248362 TI - [Electrophoretic analysis of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in fish of the Salmonidae family]. PMID- 1248363 TI - [Dual nature of the effect of propyl gallate during DNA irradiation]. PMID- 1248364 TI - [Effect of pharmacological substances on lysosome membranes in eye tissues]. PMID- 1248365 TI - [Lifetime of mRNA for rat serum albumin]. PMID- 1248366 TI - [Effect of thermal denaturation on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the presence of salts]. PMID- 1248367 TI - [Oxidation of xenobiotics during chemical carcinogenesis and experimental neoplastic growth]. PMID- 1248369 TI - [Preparation of the hybrid plasmid Col E1-R6K]. PMID- 1248368 TI - [Effect of AMP and the "mitochondrial interaction factor" on Ca2+ ion transport in liver mitochondria]. PMID- 1248370 TI - [Role of the frontal cortex in establishing distant synchronization of biopotentials in different cortical zones in dogs]. PMID- 1248371 TI - Interactions between phenytoin, phenobarbitone and other drugs. PMID- 1248373 TI - Diphtheria antitoxin (dip/ser) BP. PMID- 1248372 TI - Should corticosteroids be given in shock? PMID- 1248374 TI - [Clinical significance of the 14C-glycocholate breath test in the diagnosis of gastro-enterological diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The 14C-glycocholate breath test was performed in 15 normal subjects and 134 patients clinically suspected of bacterial overgrowth in the proximal small intestine, with functional impairment of the ileum and chologenic diarrohea as well as other forms of diarrhoea. In addition, faecal weight, faecal fat excretion and faecal bile-acid excretion were measured. Early and highest 14CO2 expiration peaks were found as an expression of increased deconjugation of bile acids in patients with fistulae between proximal small intestine and colon, and in 13 of 24 patients with Billroth II gastric resection or duodenopancreatectomy. Bile-acid deconjugation was not increased in sprue, chronic pancreatitis with steatorrhoea, ulcerative colitis, irritable colon, Whipple's disease, Salmonella enteritis, non-specific enteritis, or laxative abuse. In six of twelve patients with Crohn's disease of the ileum there was an increase in deconjugation of bile acids. PMID- 1248376 TI - [Xerotomography of the thorax]. PMID- 1248375 TI - [Cogan's syndrome with angitis of cranial nerves, aortitis, endocarditis, and glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - A 34-year-old woman died of left-heart failure due to combinated aortic-valve disease three years after manifestation of Cogan's syndrome characterized by sudden inner-ear deafness, loss of equilibrium, interstitial keratitis, and progressive loss of vision during pregnancy. At necropsy there was evidence of recurrent endocarditis of the aortic valves with stenosis and regurgitation, severe angitis of the thoracic aorta with marked secondary sclerosing changes as the cause of the heart failure. Angitis within the optical fasciculus and stato acoustic nerve was the cause of the vestibular and optical defects. Primary changes in the visual and auditory cortices, the retina and inner ear were excluded as causes. There was also acute membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, which may have been coincidental. PMID- 1248377 TI - [Soft epitheses of silicone rubber]. PMID- 1248378 TI - [Release of x-ray pictures to patients]. PMID- 1248379 TI - [Letter: Severe side effects of aprindine and local anesthetic combinations]. PMID- 1248380 TI - [Letter: Transfusion refusal]. PMID- 1248381 TI - [Letter: Galactography in the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1248382 TI - [Letter: "Saint's triad"]. PMID- 1248383 TI - [Letter: Ability to work in persistent hepatitis-B-antigen]. PMID- 1248384 TI - [Letter: Discontinuation of oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 1248385 TI - [Letter: Specialist for internal medicine and roentgenology]. PMID- 1248386 TI - [Cytological investigations of the endometrium using the jet wash technique (author's transl)]. AB - In 182 cases the jet wash technique proved very suitable in the detection of malignant changes in the endometrium. It should in no way replace the curettage as a diagnostic tool. The jet wash offers the possibility of a regular endometrial investigation to larger numbers of patients. Those to be considered in particular are 1. symptom-free women with an increased risk of carcinoma of the body of the uterus, i.e. women over 40 with obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, 2. patients with recurrent bleeding who have already had a curettage with negative histological results, 3. primary irradiated endometrial carcinoma patients in order to detect a recurrence early, 4. patients who pose a high anaesthetic risk. The exact detection reliability of the endometrial jet wash technique remains uncertain until results of larger investigation series are published. Good experience up to now with the jet wash technique should stimulate its wider use. PMID- 1248387 TI - [Charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of sleeping-drug intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - Extracorporeal haemoperfusion is indicated in the treatment of severe intoxication with sleeping-drugs (including barbiturates) if other methods have failed. Four patients in whom haemoperfusion was used (attempted suicide with hypnotics, grade III-IV and IV severity) were successfully resuscitated without permanent sequelae. PMID- 1248388 TI - [Morphology and pathophysiology of Billroth I gastro-duodenostomy (author's transl)]. AB - Endoscopic and radiological studies were undertaken in 97 patients who had had a partial gastric resection with gastro-duodenostomy (Billroth I) one to seven years previously. Acid secretion was also analyzed after injection of pentagastrin. The most frequent mucosal changes seen at endoscopy were erosion in the residual stomach, with inflammatory granulation in the region of the anastomosis. Recurrent ulcers were seen in 3%. Acid secretion was reduced by 87% from its pre-operative level. The amount of residual secretion depended on the length of the greater curvature in the residual stomach. Radiological studies revealed functional changes indicating that there is a motility pattern in the residual stomach and a pseudopyloric function at the anastomosis which makes co ordinated emptying possible. PMID- 1248389 TI - [Lesch-Nyhan syndrome without self-mutilation: biochemical and morphological studies on blood cells (author's transl)]. AB - Absent enzyme activity of hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase in erythrocytes was demonstrated in the blood from a 21-year-old man with spastic tetraplegia, choreoathetosis, oligophrenia, and hyperruricaemia which developed after birth. But there was no tendency towards self-mutilation, considered to be characteristic of the full-blown picture of the disease. This case thus runs counter to the view that the enzyme defect is the cause of the inevitable, stereotyped change in behaviour. Unusual morphological changes of all blood-cell systems confirm the dependence of nucleic acid synthesis on the "salvage pathway" of the purine nucleotides, which is abnormal in this inherited disease. PMID- 1248390 TI - [Q-Fever and its complications (author's transl)]. AB - Q-Fever recurs as localized epidemics in the German Federal Republic. The disease has not previously been observed in North Hesse. During a familial infection with Coxiella burneti a 15-year-old boy together with his parents and an aunt became ill with atypical pneumonia. After the pulmonary symptoms had subsided a deep left leg and pelvic venous thrombosis occurred in the boy in the fifth week after the onset of the disease. The thrombosis which is very rare in childhood could be successfully removed at operation. PMID- 1248391 TI - [Therapy of the sinus node syndrome]. PMID- 1248392 TI - [Letter: Cervical spine syndrome]. PMID- 1248393 TI - [Letter: Raynaud's syndrome]. PMID- 1248394 TI - [Letter: Serum creatine kinase in ileus]. PMID- 1248395 TI - [Letter: Explosives from pesticides?]. PMID- 1248396 TI - [cis-Diamino-dichloro-platinum (II) in the treatment of otherwise treatment resistant malignant testicular teratoma (author's transl)]. AB - cis-Diamino-dichloro-platinum (II) (DDP, NSC-119875) is an inorganic compound with cytostatic properties which have only recently been appreciated. DDP has an action which may tentatively be described as alkylating through some, as yet unknown, metabolic product. In a phase I study the effectiveness against testicular neoplasma had been established. A prospective trial was, therefore, conducted to test the drug's efficiency in patients with disseminated non seminomatous testicular cancer refractory to all previously used combinations of chemotherapy. In a group of 22 patients the results were: 1 CR, 14 PR, 2 NC, and 5 PD. Because of these results, DDP was made part of an induction regime for disseminated and non-seminomatous testicular tumors. PMID- 1248397 TI - [Toxic polyneuropathy after sniffing contact glue thinner (author's transl)]. AB - Four men aged 16 to 19 years who had sniffed contact glue ("Pattex") thinner almost daily for 3 to 7 years developed a pronounced polyneuropathy. They had to be admitted nearly at the same time. A uniform neurological syndrome similar to Landry's paralysis with progressive ascending symmetrical pareses had developed. Motor deficiencies and atrophies affected the lower extremities more frequently and more severely. Only minimal sensory disturbances were found. The disease shows remarkable similarity to the "glue-sniffing neuropathy" described in the US and Japan which is attributed to n-hexane. PMID- 1248398 TI - [Amyloidosis in familial mediterranean fever: clinical and renal-biopsy features (author's transl)]. AB - In two Turkish female patients, aged 14 and 29 years, with familial mediterranean fever amyloidosis of the perireticular type was found. The disease was characterized by feverish bouts, abdominal colics, and joint involvements. The younger patient had the diagnosis confirmed at an early stage by renal biopsy, and under heparin and azathioprine the clinical signs, especially the nephrotic syndrome, regressed over a period of seven months. The second patient died of treatment-resistant shock in acute renal failure, due to rapidly progressing renal amyloidosis. PMID- 1248399 TI - [Renal tubular failure after treatment with high dose of vitamin A (author's transl)]. AB - A 22-year-old man was given 70-75 million I.U. vitamin A by mouth for 38 days as a treatment for psoriasis. But it had to be stopped because of the appearance of typical signs of vitamin A poisoning. Acute renal failure set in nine days later, after hospital admission for cerebral signs. In addition to conventional conservative treatment, seven haemodialyses were undertaken, with complete restitution to normal within 12 days. The skin disease and the cerebral signs predominated, in addition to later anaemia, hypercalcaemia, bone pain, and acute renal failure, the latter confirmed by renal biopsy. There were no histological changes in the liver. PMID- 1248400 TI - [Scratch auscultation of the liver]. PMID- 1248401 TI - [Fee reduction due to bad management in general practice]. PMID- 1248402 TI - [Letter: Thyroid function in lithium therapy]. PMID- 1248403 TI - [Letter: Diagnosis of farmer's lung]. PMID- 1248404 TI - [Letter: Interference phenomenon in virus infections]. PMID- 1248405 TI - [Treatment of acute cerebral ischaemia with low-molecular dextran: results of a retrospective study (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1968 and 1970, 226 patients with acute cerebral ischaemia were treated with vasodilator drugs. In the subsequent three years (1971 to 1973) 202 patients were instead treated with dextran (Rheomacrodex) infusions. tin the latter period the death-rate was 35%, 19% less than during the preceding period of vasodilator treatment. In the dextran group among patients over 65 years the death-rate was 42%, 21% less than in the vasodilator group of the same age. Dextran treatment caused complete disappearance of neurological signs in 25%, compared with 7.5% in the vasodilator group. Dividing patients into those with normal blood pressure, hypertension and diabetes gave corresponding differences among the two groups. The death-rate during the period of dextran treatment was significantly less in all the sub-groups than in the vasodilator years. The results of this retrospective study provide important pointers to the effectiveness of dextran infusion in the treatment of acute cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 1248406 TI - [A controlled study of long-term treatment of haemophilia B on an out-patient basis (author's transl)]. AB - Eight patients with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B were treated for six months, according to three schemata for two months each: 18, twice 18, or twice 9 U of factor IX per kg body-weight weekly. The sequence of the six possible treatment schemes was determined strictly at random. One patient had to be excluded because he developed hepatitis, another because allergic signs developed. In the pre-trial period the number of bleedings per two months had been about 40, as recorded by the patients. The bleedings were reduced to nine after 18 U of factor IX per kg body-weight weekly, falling to two after twice 9 and twice 18 U/kg weekly. The patients themselves considered twice 9 U/kg as the ideal dosage. It is recommended that this dosage scheme should be used initially if one decides to employ permanent substitution in haemophilia B. Once freedom from bleedings and strengthening of the motor system have been achieved one can then try 18 U per kg body-weight once a week. PMID- 1248407 TI - [Lactic acidosis after administration of buformine (author's transl)]. AB - An 85-year-old female diabetic was admitted in coma, having been on antidiabetic treatment with the biguanide derivative "Silubin retard", 600 mg/d, for one-and-a half months. The anion deficiency was 57 mmol/l, pH 6.9, suggesting the diagnosis of lactic acidosis in the absence of other causes of metabolic acidosis. Blood lactic acid levels of more than 16.65 mmol/l (150 mg/100 ml) confirmed the diagnosis. Administration of 875 mmol sodium bicarbonate over 12 hours corrected the deficiency. On admission to hospital there had been slight pre-renal failure. Myocardial infarction developed as a result of tissue hypoxia but did not prove clinically important. On the second day there were signs of a compensated disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with upper gastro intestinal haemorrhage. The woman died suddenly 18 days later of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1248408 TI - [Complications of acupuncture (author's transl)]. AB - During acupuncture in the chest region a right-sided pneumothorax developed in a 53-year-old woman which necessitated emergency admission to hospital. A reinflation of the lung could be achieved with two Bulau drains. The increasing frequency of acupuncture must remind one of the feasibility of lesions of internal organs including those of the abdomen. Complications due to insufficient disinfection of acupuncture needles may also arise. PMID- 1248410 TI - [Guidelines for the certification of drug preparations according to the proposed new drug law]. PMID- 1248409 TI - [Prevention of lead poisoning. Modern laboratory methods]. PMID- 1248411 TI - [Letter: The dilemma of clinical group education]. PMID- 1248412 TI - [Medical education according to the new approbation regulation]. PMID- 1248413 TI - [Letter: Polypectomy in adenomatosis]. PMID- 1248414 TI - [Letter: Adverse effects of myelography]. PMID- 1248415 TI - [Serum calcium]. PMID- 1248416 TI - [Weight reduction and glucose intolerance in obese subjects (author's transl)]. AB - In a study extending over five years 35 of 70 excessively overweight patients with subclinical diabetes mellitus who had not significantly changed their weight, demonstrated a further deterioration in glucose tolerance, and manifest diabetes occurred in ten. In the remaining 35 patients who had achieved 20% weight reduction from the initial level glucose tolerance had become normal. The two groups were similar as to age, initial weight, and original degree of glucose intolerance. There was a significant correlation between loss of weight and increased glucose tolerance. No such correlation occurred with subgroups of patients whose initial overweight was more than +100 relative percentage and who had been over 50 years old at the start of the study. PMID- 1248418 TI - [Effectiveness of specially equipped and staffed ambulances in the immediate treatment of cardiac emergencies (author's transl)]. AB - Of 3079 medically justified calls of the special ambulances at Ludwigshafen 70.6% were medical emergencies, of which 1059 were cardiac emergencies, 66.9% of these being myocardial infarctions. One quarter of patients with the typical features of myocardial infarction died in the first few minutes, one third within the first half-hour of onset of symptoms. The use of the special ambulances markedly raised the severity of those cases of infarction admitted to hospital so that, despite appropriate therapeutic measures in the early phase, total mortaltiy of cases of myocardial infarction treated by ambulance and at hospital was 51.1%. On the other hand, very early measures (mechanical and electrical resuscitation, intravenous infusion) can be of decisive importance in patients who would otherwise die as a result of arrhythmias. Long-term survival had been achieved in 29% before use of the special ambulance, in 46.8% after its introduction. No correspondingly good results through very early treatment were achieved after attempted suicide: the death rate was 2.6% both before and after introduction of the special ambulances (470 and 497 cases, respectively). PMID- 1248417 TI - [The diagnostic value of CK-isoenzymes in suspected acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - CK-isoenzymes were measured in 31 patients hospitalised for suspected myocardial infarctions who had an increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) above 50 U/l. Of 26 patients with definite evidence of myocardial infarction, MB-isoenzyme--specific for myocardial necrosis--was demonstrated in 24. MB-isoenzyme was no longer detectable in two patients hospitalised 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. In the remaining five patients only MM-isoenzyme was found, the elevated CK activity in three patients having been due to an intramuscular injection, and in two others due to pulmonary embolism. Measurement of CK isoenzymes proved of great diagnostic value in three patients with sudden circulatory arrest of, at first, unknown cause after successful resuscitation. Acute myocardial infarction was proven by the presence of MB-isoenzyme. In one of these patients an additional BB isoenzyme was seen, possibly due to concomitant cerebral ischaemia. In all other patients (with angina, after cardioversion, or after major surgical operations) only MM-isoenzyme was detected. MB-CK-isoenzyme was found to be a highly specific, as well as sensitive, indicator of myocardial necrosis. This being a rather difficult method, its use is not justified in the routine diagnosis, but in doubtful instances its value can hardly be overestimated. PMID- 1248419 TI - [Obliterative disease of liver veins: clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and pathogenetic aspects of Budd-Chiari syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Both external and internal factors have to be thought of as causes of obliterative disease of liver veins. Pathogenetically, thrombosis or proliferative vascular disease (endophlebitis hepatica obliterans) may affect either large veins (with occlusion of the ostia) or small ones. Veno-occlusive disease, caused by pyrrolizidine derivatives, is a special form. Injection of contrast medium to the inferior vena cava and (or) the liver veins is the most important diagnostic method. In two personal cases there was secondary occlusion of the liver veins as a result of IVC thrombosis, while in a third case there was non-thrombotic proliferative disease of the wall of the small hepatic veins, closely similar to veno-occlusive disease. In a 19-year-old girl in whom thrombosis of the vena cava (with signs of liver-vein occlusion) occurred after pregnancy, revascularisation was achieved by fibrinolytic treatment. PMID- 1248420 TI - [Intoxication after use of salt as an emetic (author's transl)]. AB - Salt is generally contraindicated as an emetic in toxicological emergency situations. It can only be recommended when its rapid disappearance from the stomach can be guaranteed in the case of lack of vomiting. Less than 1 g salt per kg body weight may be lethal. The danger of sodium chloride becomes apparent from two severe cases of intoxication in children one of which was fatal. One of the two children was given salt as an emetic. PMID- 1248421 TI - [The neuralgic shoulder myatrophy]. PMID- 1248422 TI - [The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Clinical aspects, nosology and therapy]. PMID- 1248423 TI - [Letter: New blood pressure measurement units]. PMID- 1248424 TI - [Letter: A suggestion for the practical year]. PMID- 1248425 TI - [Letter: Professional silence and social insurance]. PMID- 1248426 TI - [Letter: The prevention of the entrance block in on-demand pacemakers]. PMID- 1248427 TI - [Letter: Vena cava umbrella filter implantation]. PMID- 1248428 TI - [Hematological complications caused by clozapine (Leponex)]. PMID- 1248429 TI - [Anaerobic bacteria in perforated appendix]. PMID- 1248430 TI - [Nutrition and serum cholesterol level in children]. PMID- 1248431 TI - [Therapy of prostatic neoplasms]. PMID- 1248432 TI - [Massive blood transfusions]. PMID- 1248433 TI - [Is it justified to treat hyperlipidemia in myocardial infarct patients? Report from the coronary Drug Project, USA]. PMID- 1248434 TI - [Effect of muscle work on hormone secretion]. PMID- 1248435 TI - [Rabbit plague or tularemia in Finland]. PMID- 1248436 TI - [Community group practice in a psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 1248437 TI - [Acupuncture therapy in side effects of pneumoencephalography]. PMID- 1248439 TI - Effect of neuraminidase treatment on the biological activity of highly purified ovine FSH and LH in hypophysectomized immature male and female rats. AB - Highly purified ovine FSH and LH were treated with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid and the desialylated derivatives were examined for biological activity in hypophysectomized immature male and female rats. The male rats were hypophysectomized at 22 days of age and beginning on day 25 were injected sc twice daily for 4 days with native or neuraminidase-treated FSH (total dose, 15 or 60 mug) or LH (12 mug). The ventral prostates, seminal vesicles, and testes were then removed and weighed, and serum testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The female rats were hypophysectomized on day 28 and beginning on day 35 were injected sc twice daily for 4 days with native or neuraminidase treated FSH (8 mug) or saline. On the morning of day 39, the rats were given an ovulating dose of gonadotropin (8 mug native or neuraminidase-treated FSH, or 1.28 mug native or neuraminidase-treated LH) or 1.0 ml saline iv via tail vein. Twenty-four hours later ova were counted in the oviducts the ovaries were weighed, and serum levels of progesterone and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Treatment of ovine LH with neuraminidase did not diminish the ability of this hormone to increase prostate and testes weights and serum testosterone levels. Desialylation also did not decrease the ability of LH to induce ovulation. Although native ovine FSH significantly increased the weights of the ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, and testes, and elevated plasma testosterone levels, the desialylated derivative was essentially inactive. Neuraminidase treatment also eliminated the ability of ovine FSH to increase ovarian weight, to induce ovulation, and to elevate serum progesterone and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone. These results indicate that the LH-like activity of ovine FSH is an intrinsic property of the FSH molecule. PMID- 1248438 TI - Induction of a coupling defect in rats during inhibition of tyrosine dehalogenase. AB - We have reported earlier that administration of 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (MNT), 8 mM in drinking water, to rats receiving a low iodine diet (LID) results in greater TSH secretion, larger goiters, and more rapid uptake and release of radioiodine than LID alone, and ultimately may produce hypothyroidism. These findings have been confirmed, and hypothyroidism documented by demonstrating depressed levels of hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Also, prolonged treatment with MNT + LID produced a depression in labeled iodothyronine (ITh) synthesis, as judged by chromatographic analysis of thyroid digests from rats killed 4 or 24 hours after ip injection of radioiodine, or two weeks after adding radioiodine to drinking fluid. Low thyroidal ITh levels were accompanied by low levels of ITh in serum, despite the presence of various other labeled organic iodine compounds. Cessation of MNT treatment, or ip injection of small amounts (0.5-1.0 mug) of Na 127I together with radioiodine 4 h before sacrifice reversed the defect, and large amounts of ITh were found in both thyroid and serum. Labeled thyroprotein from MNT-treated rats showed increased susceptibility to disaggregation during freezing at pH 8.5; this abnormality was also reversed by stable iodine treatment. In glands labeled with radioiodine 24 h before sacrifice, stable iodine injection 20 h later was followed by increased thyroidal ITh. It is concluded that profound iodine deficiency, induced by MNT + LID, can lead to diminished ITh synthesis, or a "coupling defect". The results provide an explanation for the finding of low thyroidal ITh in patients with hereditary deficiency of tyrosine dehalogenase. The findings confirm an important role for iodine supply in ITh synthesis and thyroglobulin stability, and suggest that rats treated with MNT + LID provide a model for study of the effects of extreme iodine deficiency. PMID- 1248440 TI - Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in plasma, epididymal tissues, and seminal fluid of adult rats. AB - The concentration of testosterone (T) and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in plasma, seminal fluid, and epididymis of male Wistar rats have been determined by radioimmunoassay. The DHT/T ratio rose from 0.1 in blood to 1 in testicular fluid and 4 in epididymal fluid. This ratio is 2 in tissues of "caput" epididymis and 1 in "cauda" epididymis. These data indicate a transformation of T to DHT in the epididymal tissue, particularly at the "caput" level. PMID- 1248441 TI - Influence of reserpine on high calcium perfusion of thyro-parathyroid glands in dogs. AB - Perfusion of the thyro-parathyroid glands in the dog with calcium-rich blood led to a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the systemic plasma calcium level. On the other hand, injection of reserpine (0.2 mg/kg ip) 16 and 2 h prior to infusion of hypercalcemic blood into thyro-parathyroid glands did not alter the systemic plasma calcium level significantly (P less than 0.05). This result provides evidence that reserpine blocks the release of hypocalcemic factor from the thyro-parathyroid glands in response to perfusion of high concentrations of calcium. PMID- 1248442 TI - Identification of two 5alpha-reduced pregnanes as major metabolites of progesterone in immature rat ovaries (1000 x g supernatant) in vitro. AB - Incubation of the 1000 x g supernatant obtained from 23-day-old rat ovarian homogenate with labeled progesterone resulted in the production of 3 major metabolites; 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, and two 5alpha-reduced pregnanes that were identified as 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one and 3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. The 3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy 5alpha-pregnan-20-one has not been hitherto isolated from mammalian ovaries. The steroids were identified by their mobilities on thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography, by mass spectroscopy, derivative formation and by recrystallization to constant specific activity. In another experiment, incubation of the 1000 x g supernatant from 23-day-old rat ovaries with 3alpha hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one as substrate resulted in the production of 5alpha androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. It is suggested that 5alpha-androstane 3alpha,17beta-diol is produced in immature rat ovaries by a pathway in which the identified 5alpha-reduced pregnanes serve as intermediates. PMID- 1248443 TI - Relative effectiveness of magnesium and calcium on the secretion and biosynthesis of parathyroid hormone in vitro. AB - The effects of varying extracellular concentrations of calcium and magnesium were compared on the release of 3H-labeled and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) by bovine parathyroid slices incubated for 4 h in vitro in media containing [3H]leucine. The quantity of [3H]PTH or immunoreactive PTH released was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by radioimmunoassay, respectively. Biosynthesis of PTH in response to extracellular concentrations of magnesium and calcium was evaluated by radioimmunoassay of amounts of proparathyroid hormone (PROPTH) in extracts of the parathyroid tissues and by electrophoretic analyses of [3H]ProPTH synthesized during a 35 min pulse-labeling of parathyroid slices. Rates of hormone release were found to vary in response to changes in concentrations of either calcium or magnesium. The effects, however, of these two cations on hormone release, although additive, were not equipotent. On a molar basis, approximately 2.5 times as much magnesium as calcium was required to produce equivalent secretory responses. Effects of the cations on hormone biosynthesis wer small; magnesium had no effect and calcium altered synthesis by approximately 15%. Neither cation affected conversion of ProPTH to PTH. The results agree with those reported previously from studies of the effects on hormone secretion of calcium and magnesium in vivo and serve to emphasize that, within normal physiological concentrations of these two cations, calcium is the predominant regulator of PTH secretion and synthesis. PMID- 1248444 TI - Growth hormone during catch-up growth and failure of catch-up growth in rats. AB - Male Long-Evans rats were fasted or given cortisone injections beginning at 37 days of age in order to produce growth retardation. They were then allowed to recover for periods of up to 28 days. GH concentration was measured in trunk blood plasma of rats decapitated after minimal stress. During the recovery period there was a significant increase in plasma GH in both experimental groups. Organ weight/body weight ratios for liver and heart, protein/tissue, DNA/tissue, and DNA/protein ratios of liver, heart, and skeletal muscle were found to remain normal or to return to normal values during the recovery periods in both experimental groups. DNA content was reduced in both liver and heart at 14 days. At later recovery periods no significant differences from controls were observed. The findings indicate that increased GH release is common to the growth recovery period after both fasting or cortisone treatment. GH concentration in plasma does not correlate with presence or absence of catch-up growth. The organ weight/body weight ratios correlate with previous findings showing prompt return to normal proportions of body weight to tail length in both the cortisone and fast models irrespective of presence or absence of catch-up growth. The results indicate that failure of catch-up growth after cortisone treatment is not the result of decreased pituitary GH secretion. It is probable that multiple factors working in concert are responsible for recovery after transient growth retardation. PMID- 1248445 TI - Sites of clearance of endogenous parathyroid hormone in the vitamin D-deficient dog. AB - The sites of clearance of endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) were studied in dogs who developed secondary hyperparathyroidism on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Simultaneous blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery, and the hepatic, renal, portal, and femoral veins. Radioimmunoassay of canine immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in a heterologous bovine PTH (bPTH) system indicated that the kidney and liver extracted 49% and 46%, respectively, of the iPTH circulating through these organs. Characterization of the circulating iPTH in these animals was carried out by gel filtration and radioimmunoassay of the eluant fractions utilizing specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal antisera. The hormone in the peripheral circulation co-eluted with [125I]-iodobPTH and no fragments of iPTH were detected. Immunochemical differences between bovine and canine PTH were detected in the carboxyl-terminal region of the molecule. The results indicate that endogenous PTH in the vitamin D-deficient, hypocalcemic dog is cleared by the kidney and liver and that the predominant form of the hormone in this animal is similar to glandular bPTH 1-84. PMID- 1248446 TI - Maintenance of separated rat pituitary mammotrophs in cell culture. AB - Dispersed female rat anterior pituitary cells were cultured in Medium 199 containing 20% fetal calf serum for 30 days. Prolactin levels in the culture medium remained relatively constant during this time, ranging from 30-40 ng/10,000 cells seeded/day. The total quantity of prolactin released into the medium was 10-15 times that originally contained in the cells. Morphological integrity of the mammotrophs was maintained. Using velocity sedimentation at unit gravity, cells from untreated, overiectomized or estrogen-primed animals were separted into several fractions, and subsequently cultured for 14 days. Not all mammotrophs secreted the same quantity of hormone during this time. The data suggest that the pituitary of the female rat is composed of a heterogeneous population of mammotrophs, and that their capacity to secrete prolactin in vitro may, in part, be reflected by the previous physiological status of the animal. PMID- 1248447 TI - Glucagon-mediated stimulation of (32P) orthophosphate and (14C) serine incorporation into phosphatidylserine in cardiac muscle slices. AB - Glucagon stimulated the incorporation of Na2H32PO4 and L-(14C)serine into phosphatidylserine in heart muscle slices. The increase above control was about 2 fold at ten minutes and 6-fold at thirty minutes for (32P) and 12-fold as early as three minutes for (14C)serine. Although a smaller, but significant, incorporation of (32P) into phosphatidylethanolamine was also observed, glucagon did not stimulate the incorporation of (14C)serine into phosphatidylethanolamine. Glucagon did not significantly augment the incorporation of either tracer into phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, or sphingomyelin. Dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP did not increase the incorporation of (32P) or (14C)serine into phosphatidylserine. Since phosphatidylserine appears to serve a critical role in coupling the glucagon receptor to the catalytic moiety of adenylate cyclase, the data suggest that the hormone may initially increase the amount of its own coupler. PMID- 1248448 TI - The interaction of dopaminergic and serotonergic drugs on plasma prolactin in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats. AB - Pharmacologic agents that either block or stimulate dopaminergic or block serotonergic receptors were administered intraarterially alone or in combination to ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats. Prolactin was estimated by radioimmunoassay of plasma collected by serial blood sampling from chronic aortic catheters. Apomorphine (10 mg/kg) depressed, whereas Pimozide (50 and 250 mug/kg) and Methiothepin (50, 500 and 5000 mug/kg) markedly increased prolactin levels. Apomorphine completely blocked the increases induced by the lowest does of Pimozide and Methiothepin, as well as the initial increases at the higher doses. However, at later time intervals after large doses of Pimozide and Methiothepin in apomorphine-pretreated rats there was a marked rebound of prolactin which was greater than the level induced by each drug alone. The serotonin antagonists SQ 10,631 and methysergide reduced the Pimozide-induced elevation in prolactin levels, suggesting that part of the increase in prolactin following dopaminergic blockage may result from the action of a tonically stimulatory serotonin system that is normally masked by the intense tonic inhibition by the dopaminergic system. PMID- 1248449 TI - The purification and characterization of ovine placental lactogen. AB - Ovine placental lactogen (oPL), has been purified approximately 1,000-fold from sheep cotyledons using conventional protein purification procedures. Radioreceptor assays using rabbit liver particulate fractions for growth hormone (RRA-GH) and using rabbit mammary gland particulate fractions for prolactin (RRA PRL) were employed to monitor the hormonal activities. The molecular weight of oPL is approximately 22,000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and its isoelectric point as determined by isoelectric focusing is 8.8. In the two RRA's, the displacement curve of oPL is parallel to bovine growth hormone (bGH) and ovine prolactin (oPRL) standards and the ratio of GH-activity to PRL activity of oPL is 1:2. In a body weight gain assay using hypophysectomized rats, oPL has a growth-promoting potency of 1.3 U/mg. In rabbit mammary explants, oPL stimulates casein synthesis. In a receptor assay for growth hormone using human liver, oPL and hGH are equipotent in competing for receptor sites, suggesting that oPL and hGH have common structural features that are lacking in other non primate hormones. PMID- 1248450 TI - Conversion of L-thyroxine to triiodo-L-thyronine and biological activity of L thyroxine, as measured by changes in growth hormone. AB - Pituitary growth hormone (GH) content and plasma GH response to pentobarbital (PB) of severely hypothyroid rats are markedly decreased compared with euthyroid rats. Both pituitary and plasma GH may be increased by single ip injections of physiologic doses of thyroxine (T4) (1.75 mug/100g BW) or triiodothyronine (T3) (0.2 mug/100g BW). Using this increase in GH of hypothyroid rats to measure the biological effectiveness of single doses of both iodothyronines, we have shown that the administration of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) interferes with the activity of T4, but not with that of T3. It is known that deiodination of T4 and of T3 and conversion of T4 to T3 are partially inhibited by PTU. Therefore, it appears that deiodination of T4 is biologically important, whereas deiodination of T3 is not. Data presented here are thus consistent with the hypothesis that conversion of T4 to T3 in vivo plays an important role in the expression of T4 activity. PMID- 1248451 TI - Antidiuresis produced by injection of renin into the third cerebral ventricle of the dog. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether centrally administered renin stimulated vasopressin secretion. Vasopressin was not measured directly, but, instead, changes in urinary water excretion in anesthesized dogs undergoing a water excretion in anesthetized dogs undergoing a water diuresis were used as an index of changes in vasopressin secretion. Intraventricular injection of hog renin in a dose of 0.1 Goldblatt unit produced a marked decrease in urine flow which was associated with a decrease in free water clearance and an increase in urinary osmolatiy with no change in osmolar clearance. Sodium excretion increased significantly but there was no change in potassium excretion. These effects, which closely resemble those resulting from an increase in vasopressin secretion, were prevented by hypophysectomy. The antidiuretic effect clearly resulted from an action of renin in the central nervous system since renin had no effect on urine flow or osmolality when administered intravenously. Intraventricular administration of saralasin acetate, a specific antagonist of angiotensin II, completely blocked the effects of intraventricular renin indicating that these effects were mediated via the formation of angiotensin II. The data therefore indicate that there is an interaction between injected renin, brain angiotensinogen, and converting enzyme resulting in the formation of angiotensin II which stimulates the secretion of vasopressin. Additional studies are required to determine whether the brain renin-angiotensin system plays a physiological role in the regulation of a vasopressin secretion. PMID- 1248452 TI - Beta adrenergic receptor dysfunction in hypoxic inhibition of insulin release. AB - Insulin secretory responses were measured in air-breathing puppies given epinephrine, and compared with insulin responses during acute hypoxia. In puppies with oxygen deficiency, insulin levels declined, whereas during epinephrine infusion, they remained stable or increased slightly. When glucose was given during phentolamine administration, insulin levels rose more in the epinephrine treated animals than in the hypoxic animals, despite similar blood glucose levels. Theophylline-induced insulin release was increased by epinephrine, but inhibited by hypoxia. When the beta adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, was given with the epinephrine, the insulin response to theophylline was markedly reduced and similar to that observed during hypoxia. Control studies with propranolol showed no effect of this agent on glucose-induced insulin release. Isoproterenol infusion caused elevated insulin levels during air ventilation but this response was suppressed by hypoxia. From these data, we have concluded that the difference between hypoxia and epinephrine can be explained by a reduced ability of catecholamines to stimulate the beta adrenergic receptor during hypoxia. We hypothesize that this effect leads to an unmodulated alpha adrenergic inhibition of insulin release. PMID- 1248453 TI - Effects of morphine and methadone on serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels and on the secondary sex organs of the male rat. AB - The effects of morphine and methadone on the endocrine control of the male rat's sexual function were examined. The results indicate that these narcotics markedly reduce the structural and functional integrity of the secondary sex organs by producing a pronounced reduction in serum testosterone levels. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were not detectable in narcotic-treated animals, whereas serum levels of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were unaltered. On the basis of these observations, it seems reasonable to conclude that the narcotics inhibit the secretion of LH, by an action either in the hypothalamus (e.g., suppression of LH-releasing hormone) or directly in the pituitary gland, which leads to a reduction in serum testosterone levels and a subsequent reduction in the wet-tissue weight and secretory activity of the secondary sex organs. PMID- 1248454 TI - Changes in blood flow to bones during the hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic phases of the response to parathyroid hormone. AB - Labeled microspheres were used to measure blood flow to the leg bones of the laying hen at 0, 3, and 30 min after iv injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Wilson) or the synthetic 1 to 34 fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH 1 34). At 3 min, which corresponds to the hypocalcemic phase of the PTH response, blood flow to the combined femur, tibia, and metatarus was significantly reduced by PTH (Wilson) relative to 0 time and to carrier-injected controls. At 30 min, i.e., the time of maximum hypercalcemia in the hen, blood flow to these bones was significantly increased relative to 0 time. The results obtained with PTH 1-34 were similar, except that the decrease at 3 min was only significant in comparison with the controls injected with inactivated hormone. Femoral blood flow and the venous minus arterial calcium gradients across the femur were positively correlated, irrespective of sampling time (0 or 30 min) or type of injection (PTH [Wilson] or carrier). Taken together, these results suggest that there is a relationship between calcium mobilization from bone and the rate of osseous blood flow. Other organs which showed significant changes in blood flow after PTH (Wilson) were the adrenals, thyroids, and shell gland; the cerebellum, parathyroids, heart, spleen, liver, pancreas, duodenum, magnum, isthmus, and kidneys were not affected. PMID- 1248455 TI - Thyroid hormone regulation of extrathyroidal iodoproteins. AB - The effect of thyroid status on plasma and tissue levels of labeled nonextractable iodine (NEI) derived from the metabolism of radioiodothyronines was examined in the rat. Concentrations of radioiodoprotein were substantially elevated in plasma, kidney, and liver in thyroidectomized animals 72 h postinjection of [125I]triiodothytonine ([125I]T3). Similarly, total rat concentrations of radioactive NEI were increased (52%) 72 h after injection of [125I]T3. NE125I concentrations from [125I]T3 in plasma, kidney, and liver were diminished progressively in thyroidectomized animals maintained on increasing doses of thyroxine replacement, demonstrating that iodoprotein levels were inversely related to thyroid state. The plasma disappearance rate of radioiodoprotein from [125I]T3 was markedly slowed in hypothyroid animals and accelerated in intact controls rendered hyperthyroid with daily injections of T4, 8 mug/100 g BW. Propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment of thyroidectomized rats maintained on T4, 2 mug/100 g BW per day resulted in increased NE125I from [125E]T3 in plasma, kidney, and liver. The results of the foregoing investigations suggest that thyroid hormone regulates levels of iodothyronine derived iodoproteins by influencing the rate of degradation of iodoproteins. Moreover, the observed elevation of iodoprotein levels in T4-maintained thyroidectomized animals after PTU administration appears consistent with the modification of thyroid status due to the peripheral antithyroxine effect of PTU. PMID- 1248456 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum concentrations of melatonin in sheep exposed to different lighting regimens. AB - A specific and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for melatonin (N-acetyl 5-methoxytryptamine) has been developed utilizing rabbit antisera to a bovine serum albumin conjugate of N-succinyl-5-methoxytryptamine and utilizing N-3-(4 hydroxyphenl)-propionyl-5-methoxytryptamine for radioiodination. The least detectable concentration of melatonin standard was 10 pmolar (2.3 pg/tube) with 50% inhibition resultinhibition curves obtained with increasing quantities of melatonin or increasing quantities of chloroform extracts of ovine sera were parallel. The immunoreactivity found in ovine sera c-migrated with [3H]melatonin on silica gel G when developed with chloroform:methanol (9:1). N-Acetylserotonin, 5-methoxytryptamine, serotonin, tryptophan, 6-hydroxymelatonin, 6 methoxytetrahydroharmalan, and several other indole and beta-carboline compounds do not influence the estimation of melatonin in the radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of melatonin could be accurately determined when 31 to 1000 pg were added to 1 ml ovine serum. Serum samples with melatonin concentrations of 1000 pg/ml, 500 pg/ml and 75 pg/ml had intra-assay coefficients of variation of 9.1%, 8.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. The respective inter-assay coefficients of variation were 22.7%, 18.1%, and 37.1%. Ewes exposed to a 12 h light: 12 h dark lighting regimen demonstrated a circadian rhythm in serum concentrations of melatonin. Concentrations ranged from 10-30 pg/ml during periods of light to 100 300 pg/ml during periods of dark. During exposure to continuous light, the circadian rhythm was abolished and concentrations of melatonin were maintained at 10-50 pg/ml. When exposed to conditions of continuous dark the circadian rhythm persisted. A precipitous drop in serum concentrations of melatonin resulted when ewes experiencing peak melatonin concentrations were exposed to light. Concentrations returned to peak levels when the lights were turned off 3.5 h later. PMID- 1248457 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone on respiration of the preovulatory cumulus oophorus of the rat. AB - The effect of luteinizing hormone (LH) on the respiration of isolated cumulus cell complexes (the oocyte surrounded by cumulus granulosa cells) obtained from immature Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 10 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin on day 30 was investigated. The cell complexes were isolated from preovulatory follicles of rats killed at specific time intervals on the day preceding ovulation, i.e., on day 32. The samples were incubated in Eagle's tissue culture medium. Oxygen uptake was recorded either with the Cartesian diver technique or with a recently described microspectrophotometric technique using hemoglobin as an indicator. Exposure to exogenous bovine LH in vitro or in vivo or to endogenous LH, i.e., the preovulatory LH-surge, resulted in a marked decrease in respiratory activity of the cumulus cell complex, as revealed by both techniques. The cumuli exposed to LH showed an oxygen uptake of approximately 40 65% of the control cumuli. The results suggest that LH has a direct effect on this cell complex resulting in a decreased oxidative metabolism. PMID- 1248458 TI - Effects of mating on serum LH, FSH, and prolactin and accessory tissue weight in male rats. AB - The literature reveals contradictory data regarding whether or not male release LH acutely following coitus. Since it has been shown that repeated mating increases accessory sex organ weight, suggesting induction of gonadotrophin release, it seemed of interest to reinvestigate the issue. Male rats were divided into two groups: the mated group was provided with frequent mating ("experiencing") trials; the unmated group served as cage controls which received no sexual contact throughout the entire experiment. All rats were provided with chronic jugular cannulae. One set of serum samples was taken from each rat at 85 days, the second set at 115 days. On the two evening when sampling took place the mated rats were subdivided into three groups: "chamber" (placed in mating arena alone), "mount" (allowed two to five mounts, but no intromission), and "ejaculation" (mated through entire copulatory sequence). Serum sampling took place every 15 min during the hour following completion of mating (defined in the "ejaculation" group). On the day following the second sampling, autopsies were performed, and terminal serum samples were taken. LH, FSH, and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay. There were no significant differences in any hormone among the groups during the hour following mating nor in the terminal sample. However, the mated rats showed significantly greater seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights than the cage controls at autopsy. Several hypotheses are offered to account for the latter findings. PMID- 1248459 TI - An acrylamide gel recombination assay for glycoprotein hormone subunits. AB - A specific and sensitive assay for recombination of the subunits of hCG and other glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, and TSH) is presented. The assay depends on the ability of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to separate clearly the subunits from native hormone. Iodinated subunit is incubated with its identical unlabeled subunit and complementary subunit. Quantitative displacement of the radioactivity to the native hormone position as followed by gel slicing is used as a direct index of recombination. The assay is reproducible, sensitive to less than one picomole of hormone formed, and offers a simple means of evaluating recombination of glycoprotein chains as distinct from biological activity. PMID- 1248460 TI - Further studies on the hypercalcemic effect of acute calcitonin deficiency in rats. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the origin of the immediate increase in plasma calcium following acute calcitonin deficiency in mature rats. Animals were pre-labelled with 45calcium 24 hours and 4 weeks before thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) and 1 hour, 24 hours, 2 and 4 weeks before nephrectomy and TPTX and bled serially over the following 3 hours. In each study the final average weight of the rats was over 300 g. Plasma calcium increased after TPTX. In rats labelled with 45calcium 1 and 24 hours previously, the rise was to small to alter the specific activity of calcium although radiocalcium was unchanged. In contrast, in animals pre-labelled with 45calcium 2 and 4 weeks before TPTX, the increase in stable calcium was associated with a parallel increase in radiocalcium. Consequently, the specific activity of plasma calcium did not differ appreciably from that of controls. These findings confirm the theory that in mature unfed rats acute calcitonin deficiency results in an immediate rise in plasma calcium. Since this increase is due mainly to enhanced transport of calcium from deep bone, our observations are in accord with the view that calcitonin decreases plasma calcium primarily by inhibiting calcium transport from "stable" bone. PMID- 1248461 TI - Blockade of the stress-induced decrease in blood GH by anti-somatostatin serum in rats. AB - To investigate the physiological role of somatostatin in the GH release mechanism, the effect of passive immunization with somatostatin on basal and poststress serum GH levels was examined in rats. Sheep antiserum to somatostatin or normal sheep serum (NSS) was injected iv into adult male rats 5 days, 3 days and 1 day before applying stressful stimuli. Thirty min after the first bleeding under ether, the mean serum GH level increased from 36.3 to 76.1 ng/ml in the antiserum-treated rats and decreased from 63.7 to 16.8 ng/ml in the NSS-treated rats, but the difference for either group was not significant due to the large variation. In another experiment, electroshock was applied to conscious rats. The mean poststress GH level in the rats pre-treated 3 h previously with the antiserum was 34.4 ng/ml, a value significantly higher than the GH level in the rats pretreated with NSS (0.9 ng/ml) or in non-treated rats (0.5 ng/ml). It was concluded that the stress-induced decrease of GH secretion in rats is at least partly due to an increased release of hypothalamic somatostatin and/or immunologically related GH release-inhibiting hormone(s). Persistent variation in serum GH levels after neutralization of endogenous somatostatin by the antiserum suggests that another regulator, probably GH releasing hormone, also plays a role in controlling GH secretion. PMID- 1248462 TI - Purification and properties of an esterase B4 from human liver. AB - A butyryl esterase, designated B4, has been purified from human liver and some of its properties described. The activity of this enzyme comprises 0.48% of the total butyryl esterase activity found in human liver. Esterase B4 has been distinguished from other butyryl esterases by its preference for the esters of the fluorogenic compounds 4-methyl umbilliferone and fluorescein over naphthyl esters as substrates. Other distinguishing features of this esterase include a relatively high pI (pH 8.7) A monomeric structure of low molecular weight (20 000) and high solubility in solutions of ammonium sulphate. PMID- 1248463 TI - Interactions of KB-cell glycoproteins with an adenovirus capsid protein. AB - Glycoprotein material extracted from human KB cells with a flurocarbon, trichlorotrifluoroethane (Arklone P), into a waste-soluble fraction binds to fibre, a structural protein of the adenovirus type-5 capsid. The fibre-binding glycoprotein(s) were purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and affinity chromatography on a fibre-Sepharose support. The purification procedure also includes a trypsinization step which eliminates the bulk of contaminating KB cell proteins present in the aqueous fraction without appreciably affecting the activity of the fibre-binding glycoprotein(s). Some comparison is made of the membrane-bound receptors for adenovirus and the water-soluble fibre-binding glycoprotein(s). PMID- 1248464 TI - The peptide components of bee venom. PMID- 1248465 TI - 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies on the developing embryos of Xenopus laevis. AB - The concentrations of nucleoside triphosphate, inorganic phosphate and the yolk proteins, phosvitin and lipovitellin, have been monitored in living embryos of Xenopus laevis by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The nucleoside triphosphate levels remain relatively constant at about 3.5-4.5 nmol/embryo at least until the 'spontaneous movement' stage of development. By the swimming tadpole stage an inorganic phosphate resonance representing about 30 nmol/embryo becomes evident in the NMR spectrum. Computer manipulation also shows such a resonance, although smaller, to be present at a somewhat earlier developmental stage; these findings are confirmed biochemically. The major contribution to the NMR spectrum of oocytes, unfertilized eggs and early embryos is the yolk phosphoprotein resonance. On isolation of the yolk from the embryos it is possible to quantify the contribution to the NMR spectrum from the lipid phosphate and protein-phosphate moieties of the yolk proteins. During development, as the yolk is used up, it is found that the protein-phosphate resonance disappears at a greater rate than the lipid-phosphate peak. The total phosphorus content of the embryo (approximately 200 nmol/embryo) is shown biochemically to remain constant during development; however, the total amount of phosphorus observed by NMR decreases by about 40% during development. From the resonance positions of their alpha, beta and gamma phosphate groups it is deduced that the nucleoside triphosphate molecules are liganded in vivo to a divalent cation which is not manganese, but could be either magnesium or calcium. From the position of the inorganic phosphate resonance it is deduced that the internal pH of embryos where this resonance is evident is 6.8 +/- 0.2. PMID- 1248466 TI - Subcellular localization of a lesion in protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes incubated at elevated temperatures. AB - When rabbit reticulocytes are incubated at 43-45 degrees C their rate of protein synthesis rapidly decreases, compared to a contol 37 degrees C incubation. Lysates prepared from cells incubated at this supra-optimal temperature have an equally decreased capacity for endogenous, but not poly(uridylic acid)-directed, protein synthesis. Subcellular fractionation traced the lesion to the crude ribosomal pellet, 0.5 M KCl ribosomal wash and postribosomal supernatant of the temperature-shocked cells. Preparation of purified ribosomal subparticles showed, however, that they were as active as the control in protein synthesis. In this paper we present evidence that the decreased activity of the heated lysate, 0.5 mM KCl wash and postribosomal supernatant is due to an inhibitor and can be overcome by the addition of 0.5 M KCl or supernatant from control cells. The results are discussed in terms of the inactivation of a component, essential for initiation of endogenous protein synthesis, which is probably partitioned between ribosomes and supernatant. We also suggest that the decreased protein synthetic activity of the heated cells may be related to their decreased synthesis of haem. PMID- 1248467 TI - A mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi exhibiting altered ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. AB - A mutant, ac i72, of Chlamydomonas reinhardi possessing an altered ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase and unable to grow on minimal medium has been isolated and characterized. Comparison of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase purified from both wild type and ac i72 strains is given. The enzyme from ac i72 shows alterations in several characteristics: (a) the specific activity is reduced to 35% that of wild type, (b) the V for both substrates is reduced 3-6 fold, (c) the Mg2+ requirement for maximal activity is 3 times greater, (d) the inhibitory effect of Cl- is greater, and (e) the isoelectric point is changed (6.0 for wild type and 5.8 for ac i72). However, the ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from ac i72 is identical to that from wild type with respect to pH requirement, temperature sensitivity, subunit structure, and sedimentation characteristic. Other photosynthetic properties of wild type and ac i72 cells were also compared. CO2 fixation in ac i72 in vivo is reduced proportionally to the reduction in activity of the enzyme, but the level of O2 evolution is the same as in wild-type cells. Photosynthetic electron transport, 70-S ribosome content, and chlorophyll content are unaltered in ac i72. The chloroplast ultrastructure of ac i72 cells is distinctly different from that of wild-type cells. The inheritance of the mutation is Mendelian. PMID- 1248468 TI - New assay for pregnenolone and progesterone 17alpha- hydroxylase based on the specific substitution of a tritium situated on carbon 17. AB - A new assay for the measurement of steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase activity in beef adrenals is described. This method is based on the biochemical mechanism of the enzymic reaction, i.e. the direct and stereospecific substitution of the proton located on the hydroxylated position. Progesterone or pregnenolone specifically labelled on the 17 position are solubilized in the incubation mixture with the help of Tween 80 and incubated under optimal conditions. The tritium enzymically released from the substrate is found in the medium as a molecule of water which is then distilled under reduced pressure and counted by liquid scintillation. The results obtained with this new method are comparable with those obtained with a conventional method using a 14C-labelled substrate. PMID- 1248469 TI - Cortisol modification of HeLa 65 alkaline phosphatase. Decreased phosphate content of the induced enzyme. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity of HeLa cells is increased 5-20-fold during growth in medium with cortisol. The increase in enzyme activity is due to an enhanced catalytic efficiency rather than an increase in alkaline phosphatase protein in induced cells. In the present study the chemical composition of control and induced forms of alkaline phosphatase were investigated to determine the enzyme modification that may be responsible for the increased catalytic activity. HeLa alkaline phosphatase is a phosphoprotein and the induced form of the enzyme has approximately one-half of the phosphate residues associated with control enzyme. The decrease in phosphate residues of the enzyme apparently alters its catalytic activity. Other chemical components of purified alkaline phosphatase from control and induced cells are similar; these include sialic acid, hexosamine and sulfhydryl residues. PMID- 1248470 TI - The protein-mediated transfer of phosphatidylcholine between membranes. The effect of membrane lipid composition and ionic composition of the medium. AB - The phosphatidylcholine exchange protein from bovine liver catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylcholine between rat liver mitochondria and sonicated liposomes. The effect of changes in the liposomal lipid composition and ionic composition of the medium on the transfer have been determined. In addition, it has been determined how these changes affected the electrophoretic mobility i.e. the surface charge of the membrane particles involved. Transfer was inhibited by the incorporation of negatively charged phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol into the phosphatidylcholine containing vesicles; zwitterionic phosphatidyl-ethanolamine had much less of an inhibitory effect while positively charged stearylamine stimulated. The cation Mg2+ and, to a lesser extent, K+ overcame the inhibitory effect exerted by phosphatidic acid, in that concentration range where these ions neutralized the negative surface charge most effectively. Under conditions where Mg2+ and K+ affected the membrane surface charge relatively little inhibition was observed. In measuring the protein-mediated transfer between a monolayer and vesicles consisting of only phosphatidylcholine, cations inhibited the transfer in the order La3+ greater than Mg2+ larger than or equal to Ca2+ greater than K+ = Na+. Inhibition was not related to the ionic strength, and very likely reflects an interference of these cations with an electrostatic interaction between the exchange protein and the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1248472 TI - Chemical modification as a probe of the topography and reactivity of horse-spleen apoferritin. AB - In apoferritin, but not in ferritin, 1.0 +/- 0.1 cysteine residue per subunit can be modified. In ferritin 3.3 +/- 0.3 lysine residues and 7.1 +/- 0.7 carboxyl groups per subunit can be modified, whilst the corresponding values for apoferritin are 4.4 +/- 0.4 lysine residues and 11.0 +/- 0.4 carboxyl groups per subunit. Modification of lysine residues which maleic anhydride and carboxyl groups with glycineamide in apoferritin which has been dissociated and denatured in guanidine hydrochloride leads to the introduction of 9.1 +/- 0.5 maleyl groups per subunit and 22.0 +/- 0.9 glycineamide residues per subunit. Whereas unmodified apoferritin subunit can be reassociated from guanidine hydrochloride to apoferritin monomer, the ability of maleylated apoferritin to reassociate is impaired. Apoferritin in which all the carboxyl groups have been blocked with glycineamide cannot be reassociated to apoferritin and exists in solution as stable subunits. The modification of one cysteine residue per subunit, of 3 or 4 lysine residues per subunit or of 7 carboxyl groups per subunit has no effect on the catalytic activity of apoferritin. In contrast the modification of 11 carboxyl groups per subunit completely abolishes the catalytic properties of the protein. We conclude that one or more carboxyl groups are essential for the catalytic activity of horse spleen apoferritin. PMID- 1248471 TI - Purification and characterization of dopamine beta-hydroxylase from bovine adrenal medulla. AB - A new purification procedure that permits large-scale purification of dopamine beta-hydroxylase from bovine adrenal medulla was developed. Whole adrenal medullas were extracted with 0.1% Triton X-100, and the enzyme was purified by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and adsorption to concanavalin A linked to agarose. The yield of protein and the specific activity were high compared with previously published methods. The enzyme appeared essentially homogenous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of dodecylsulfate, and sedimentation velocity analysis. The purified protein was subjected to amino acid and carbohydrate analyses, and the results were compared with previously published data. We found about 3 mol of copper per mol of protein (tetramer of 290000 daltons). No free sulfhydryl groups could be found. Analysis for NH2-terminal amino acids with [14C]dansyl chloride revealed 2 residues of alanine and 2 residues of serine per tetramer. We found the NH2-terminal amino acid of chromogranin A to be leucine. The results of our analysis for amino acid composition and NH2-terminal amino acids do not support the suggestion that dopamine beta-hydroxylase and chromogranin A contain identical peptide chains. PMID- 1248473 TI - Localization of a prostaglandin F2alpha receptor in bovine Corpus luteum plasma membranes. AB - The distribution of a prostaglandin F2alpha receptor in various subcellular fractions from bovine corpora lutea obtained by differential and gradient centrifugation paralleled very closely the distribution in these fractions of 5' nucleotidase, a marker enzyme for plasma membranes. The fractions most enriched in the receptor and 5'-nucleotidase were relatively free of mitochondria and lysosomes but were contaminated to some extent by elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. From these results it can be concluded that the prostaglandin F2alpha receptor is localized on the plasma membranes of the corpus luteum cells. A simple method is described for the purification of plasma membranes from bovine corpora lutea by differential centrifugation. PMID- 1248474 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase: affinity labelling of the magnesium adenosine triphosphate binding site. AB - The 2' , 3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP (oATP) was prepared by periodate oxidation and on the following criteria was considered to be an effective affinity label. The magnesium complex of this derivative (Mg-oATP2) was shown to ba linear competitive inhibitor with respect to MgATP2-in both the acetyl-CoA dependent and -independent activities of the enzyme but was a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to bicarbonate, and an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate. Mg-oATP was covalently bound to pyruvate carboxylase by reduction using sodium borohydride with concurrent irreversible inactivation of the enzyme... PMID- 1248475 TI - A DNA polymerase from Ustilago maydis. 1. Purification and properties of the polymerase activity. AB - A DNA polymerase from Ustilago maydis has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The native enzyme possesses a subunit structure consisting of 50000 and 55000 dalton monomers. The apparent sedimentation coefficient of the polymerase activity in the absence of salt is 8.4 S (Mr=180000-200000), that in its presence (0.6 M NaCl or 0.12 M KCl) being 6.3 S (Mr=80000-100000). Low concentrations of EDTA also converted the 8.4-S to a 6.3-S form, whereas magnesium ions catalysed the reverse association. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for both a DNA or RNA template and a DNA primer. For homopolymer templates the primer requirement was satisified by a short complementary oligodeoxynucleotide, but oligoribonucleotides were extremely inefficient primers. With the template-primer poly(dA) X (dT)12, the enzyme added an average of 50 dTMP nucleotides on to each primer molecule, whereas with poly(rA) X (dT)12, this figure was 300. The enzyme also possesses an associated deoxyribonuclease activity. No other DNA polymerase activity was detected in cell-free extracts of U. maydis. PMID- 1248476 TI - A DNA polymerase from Ustilago maydis. 2. Properties of the associated deoxyribonuclease activity. AB - The polymerase and deoxyribonuclease activities of the purified Ustilago maydis DNA polymerase coeluted from a hydroxyapatite column, cosedimented in sucrose gradients in both the absence and presence of salt, possessed similar thermolabilities and reaction requirements. These observations suggest that both activities are associated with the same enzyme and that the deoxyribonuclease activity is not a contaminant. The initial rate of degradation of native 3'-end group-labelled DNA was similar to that of a heat-denatured substrate, but the final extent was greater for the former. The enzyme exhibits a high specificity for degradation of DNA in a 3' leads to 5' direction. The degradation of a DNA template was inhibited by the presence of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates necessary for simultaneous DNA synthesis, but not that of the newly synthesised DNA. About 50%, 29% and 13% of the purine, cytosine and thymine deoxyribonucleotide residues incorporated by the enzyme into DNA respectively, were subsequently excised when monitored by the resulting conversion of the triphosphate substrates to free monophosphate. The majority of the purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates appear after the synthetic phase of the reaction has ceased. In many respects, therefore, the deoxyribonuclease activity of the U. maydis DNA polymerase is similar to the bacteriophage T4-induced enzyme. PMID- 1248477 TI - Purification and properties of formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii. AB - Formaldehyde hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase were purified 130-fold and 19 fold respectively from Candida boidinii grown on methanol. The final enzyme preparations were homogenous as judged by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and by sedimentation in an ultracentrifuge. The molecular weights of the enzymes were determined by sedimentation equilibrium studies and calculated as 80000 and 74000 respectively. Dissociation into subunits was observed by treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate. The molecular weights of the polypeptide chains were estimated to be 40000 and 36000 respectively. The NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase specifically requires reduced glutathione for activity. Besides formaldehyde only methylglyoxal served as a substrate but no other aldehyde tested. The Km values were found to be 0.25 mM for formaldehyde, 1.2 mM for methylglyoxal, 0.09 mM for NAD and 0.13 mM for glutathione. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that the reaction product of the formaldehyde-dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of formaldehyde is S-formylglutathione rather than formate. The NAD-linked formate dehydrogenase catalyzes specifically the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. The Km values were found to be 13 mM for formate and 0.09 mM for NAD. PMID- 1248478 TI - Characterization of polysomes from Xenopus liver synthesizing vitellogenin and translation of vitellogenin and albumin messenger RNA's in vitro. AB - 1. Conditions are described for the isolation of polysomes from the liver of Xenopus laevis. The method involves homogenization of liver in 0.2 M Tris-HCl pH 8.5, treatment with 2% Triton X-100 and subsequent sucrose density gradient fractionation of polysomes from a 10000 X g supernatant. 2. Vitellogenin synthesis was induced in male Xenopus liver by oestradiol treatment. Polysomes were isolated and vitellogenin-synthesizing polysomes characterized by their association with monospecific 125 I-labelled rabbit anti-vitellogenin antibody and by reaction with rabbit anti-vitellogenin immunoglobulins followed by indirect immunoprecipitation with goat anti-rabbit antibody. 3. Changes in liver polysome content following oestrogen treatment of male Xenopus are correlated with the appearance of vitellogenin synthesis using an organ culture assay. 4. RNA extracted from livers of oestradiol-treated male Xenopus and from purified polysomes is shown to code for the synthesis of vitellogenin-specific immunoprecipitable polypeptides in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing system, a major component having a molecular weight of 210000. Xanopus liver RNA is also shown to code for the synthesis of an albumin-specific immunoprecipitable polypeptide of 74000 molecular-weight which coelectrophoresed with Xenopus albumin. PMID- 1248480 TI - Yeast ribosomal proteins are synthesized on small polysomes. PMID- 1248479 TI - Renaturation of bacteriophage lambda DNA. Determination of the optimal renaturation conditions using a single-strand-specific DNase and alkaline-sucrose gradient assay system. AB - Reannealed hybrid molecules of wild-type bacteriophage lambda DNA were prepared in aqueous solutions of formamide at a variety of NaCl concentrations at both room temperature ( 22 degrees C) and 37 degrees C. Treatment of the hybrid DNA molecules with the single-strand-specific nuclease S1 from Aspergillus oryzae followed by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation was used to monitor the extent and fidelity of hybridization. The optimal renaturation conditions at room temperature were found to be: 50% formamide, 35-55 mM NaCl and 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.5) at 20-25 mug DNA/ml. Optimal conditions at 37 degrees C were: 32% formamide, 35-55 mM NaCl and 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.5) at 20-25 mug DNA/ml. Under these conditions approximately 85-90% of the input single-stranded DNA (molecular weight 1.5 X 10(7)) was rendered S1-nuclease-resistant within 8 h at room temperature and 5 h at 37 degrees C. Neither Mg2+ nor spermidine appeared to have an effect on either the extent or fidelity of duplex formation. Experiments performed with excess enzyme and with lambda/lambda imm 434 heteroduplex hybrids suggested that the hybrid that the hybrid DNA molecules formed under optimal conditions contained no, or only short (less than 1%), mismatched regions. PMID- 1248481 TI - A plasmocytoma ribosome-associated protein kinase which phosphorylates a specific protein of the ribosomal KCl wash. AB - One ribosomal protein kinase activity and 3 soluble protein kinase activities have been identified in plasma cell tumors by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. We have shown phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro of a protein fraction from the ribosomal KCl wash which we have termed 'PPx fraction'. Phosphorylation of this protein fraction has been obtained in vitro with the ribosome-associated protein kinase. We have determined for the ribosomal protein kinase the following characteristics. 1. It is an Mg2+-dependent enzyme that transfers the gamma phosphate from ATP into phosphoseryl and phosphothreonyl residues of the substrate. 2. It has a wide substrate specificity. Like the soluble protein kinases it catalyses the phosphorylation of several proteins like histone, phosvitin, casein and ribosomal proteins but it differs from the main soluble kinases (I, II) by the fact that it catalyses specifically the phosphorylation at least of one of the ribosomal KCl wash proteins. On dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels this protein has a molecular weight of approximately 90000 and it is released from ribosomes under conditions commonly employed for extraction of initiation factors. 3. The ribosome-associated protein kinase is not stimulated by the addition of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. 4. KCl has no effect, NaCl has a weak effect on the phosphorylation, Mn2+ and Ca2+ are inhibitors. 5. ADP has been found to be a competitive inhibitor. 6. The maximum velocity of the ribosomal protein-kinase-catalysed reaction is 0.65 nmol of 32P incorporated in the KCl wash protein per min and per mg protein. 7. The apparent Km for the ribosomal KCl wash protein as substrate is 0.71 mg/ml and the Km for ATP is 94 muM. 8. The molecular weight of the ribosomal protein kinase, estimated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-dodecylsulfate gels, is 60000 and corresponds probably to a catalytic subunit. PMID- 1248482 TI - Physical studies of chromatin. The recombination of histones with DNA. AB - Experiments have been carried out to define clearly which histone combinations can induce a higher order structure when combined with DNA. The criterion for a higher order structure being the series of low-angle X-ray diffraction maxima nominally at 5.5 nm, 3.7 nm, 2.7 nm and 2.2 nm. Such a pattern, with resolution similar to that of H1-depleted chromatin, is readily attainable by recombining histones H2A + H2B + H3 + H4 with DNA using a salt-gradient dialysis method. However, the use of urea in the recombination procedure is shown to be detrimental to the production of a higher order structure. Low-angle ring patterns are not obtained by recomgining DNA with single pure histones or any combination of histone pairs exept H3 + H4. The diffraction maxima from the latter are, however, weaker than those from chromatin and there are pronounced semi-equatorial arcs. The presence of a third histone, either H2A or H2B in the H3 + H4 recombination mixture tends to distort the recognised low-angle pattern. It is concluded that the histone pair H3 + H4 is essential for the formation of a regular higher order structure in chromatin, although for a complete structural development the presence of H2A + H2B is also required. PMID- 1248483 TI - A proton-relaxation-time study of the conformation of some purine and pyrimidine 5'-nucleotides in aqueous solution. AB - The measurement of proton relaxation time T1 in a series of purine and pyrimidine 5'-nucleotides has been carried out to investigate their conformation in dilute neutral aqueous solutions. The interpretation of relaxation data has been performed with the help of computer calculations taking into account the different conformers of the ribose ring and of the exocyclic group. It has been found that all nucleotides under study show nearly the same preferential orientations of the base defined by gamma0 = 70 degrees +/- 10 degrees in the syn range. A more elaborate treatment, using an angular distribution derived from calculated potentials on 5" -GMP gives theoretical relaxation times in close agreement with experimental ones. PMID- 1248485 TI - Corticosteroid treatment of juvenile chronic polyarthritis over 22 years. AB - Between the years 1952 and 1974, 1293 children aged from 1-14 years with the adult type of rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease were admitted, of whom 793 or 61.2% received oral corticosteroids, mostly in the form of continuous therapy. In all children with Still's syndrome (476 cases, of whom 84.4% received corticosteroid therapy), as well as in 75% of the children with rheumatoid arthritis (817 cases, 47.1% under corticosteroid treatment) the therapy had already been initiated by the referring institutions. The mortality and morbidity of corticosteroid treated children is compared with the results from the precortisosteroid era. The influence upon rheumatic activity as well as on joint pathology was compared in groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without steroid therapy. Corticosteroid therapy led to a significant reduction in the early mortality from myo- and pericarditis in Still's syndrome. On the other hand, the late mortality of 5% was encumbered with a high incidence of direct sequelae of longterm corticosteroid therapy and secondary diseases, especially amyloidosis. Furthermore, more than half of the children on longterm treatment had severe irreversible, and partially fatal lesions. The results of the present investigation strongly suggest that the indications for and the manner of using corticosteroids in treating rheumatoid arthritis and Still's syndrome ought to be revised. PMID- 1248484 TI - [Hypertension and bilateral stenosis of the renal artery associated with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a 10-year-old boy with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts, the socalled MacMahon-Thannhauser-Syndrome. The patient had been suffering from a varying degree of jaundice since his 2nd day of life and from pruritus since his 21st month of life. Furthermore, he had hepatomegaly, a systolic cardiac murmur, hypogenitalism, retarded growth, and finally hypertension. Transitory xanthomas existed between 1 3/4 and 2 3/4 years of age. Signs of persistent intrahepatic cholestasis was manifested by increased levels of bilirubin and bile acids in serum as well as raised activities of leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Pathological values of serum glutamic dehydrogenase pointed to a persistent destruction of liver cells. Without treatment, the activities of vitamin K dependent clotting factors were decreased. Cholesterol, phosphatides and triglycerides in serum were increased and lipoprotein-X was detectable. Aortography revealed stenosis of both renal arteries. An exploratory laparotomy and 5 liver biopsies led to the diagnosis of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Therapeutic trials with steroids and the anion exchange resin "cholestyramine" were ineffective. Phenobarbital relieved the pruritus. Parenteral administration of fat soluble vitamins restored the activity of vitamin K dependent clotting factors to normal. The high blood pressure fell significantly due to treatment with adelphan. The etiology of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts is unknown. It may be a malformation or an obliteration secondary to inflammation. In our patient, narrowing of the renal arteries, increase of plasma-renin activity and hypertension were probably secondary to hyperlipidemia. It has been suggested that hyperlipemia secondary to cholestasis may be due to a disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism. A review of reports on 118 patients suffering from intrahepatic bile ducts hypoplasia is included. PMID- 1248486 TI - Comparative HGH response to i.v. glucagon and i.v. arginine stimulation tests in children and adolescents. AB - Thirty-seven children and adolescents of several diagnostic entitites (constitutional growth retardation, diabetes mellitus and pituitary insufficiency) were tested with an i.v. bolus injection of glucagon for plasma human growth hormone (HGH) response. Most of the subjects were also tested for the same purpose by the arginine stimulation test, and the data were compared. It was found that i.v. glucagon is a potent stimulus of human growth hormone release. The HGH is released in two peaks, the first one occuring within 30 min, most probably by a direct effect. The second peak occurs after 120 min, most probably as a secondary effect caused by the drop in blood glucose after its initial rise, which is induced by glucagon. The peak concentrations of HGH induced by glucagon, were very similar to those provoked by i.v. arginine in the same subjects. PMID- 1248487 TI - Mitral valve prolapse in children with secundum--type atrial septal defect (ASD II). AB - A left ventricular angiocardiogram for evaluation of the mitral valve in patients with uncomplicated secundum type atrial septal defect has been proposed in a recent paper by Victoria et al. (1974). These authors observed 8 children with a ballooning mitral valve and ASD II. They stressed the necessity of performing a left ventricular angiocardiogram in every patient with ASD II. To challange their proposal, the angiocardiograms of 78 children with secundum type ASD were reviewed. Of these 89 angios 34 were performed using the left ventricle (LV) as injection site while 55 times the injection was made in other parts of the heart, e.g. left atrium, pulm. art., right ventricle, right atrium. All 34 LV angios, but only 12 of the others allowed an evaluation of function and morphology of the mitral valve. Of the 46 angiocardiograms 27 (58.7%) revealed an intact, normally closing and opening mitral valve. In the remaining 19 (41.3%) various grades of ballooning or mild prolapsing of one or two leaflets of the mitral valve could be detected. The "scallops" were minimal in 12, moderate in 4 and pronounced in 3 cases. A mild regurgitation was seen in 1 patient only. No patient had the pronounced ballooning observed by Victoria et al. On auscultation only 1 case had the apical murmur of mitral regurgitation. The ECG of our 19 "positive" cases did not show signs of left atrial or left ventricular hypertrophy. A left axis deviation was found in 1 patient. During surgery no structural abnormality of the mitral valve was noted. Postoperative reevaluation of the mitral valve (including left ventricular contrast injection) in 10 cases revealed no change of mitral valve appearance in 8, a decrease of the ballooning in one, and an increase in another patient. It is concluded that prolapses of the mitral valve are seldom of such a degree as to cause dysfunction in children with secundum type ASD. The indications for performing a left ventricular injection of contrast material are the clinical signs of mitral valve regurgitation and/or left axis deviation in the ECG. PMID- 1248488 TI - Studies of malformation syndromes of man XIB: the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger: comparative pathology. AB - A study of 11 autopsied cases of the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger (ZS) is reported. All cases had severe, persistent congenital hypotonia, hepatic lobular disarray, renal cortical cysts and pulmonary hypoplasia. Many had cardiovascular malformations, hepatomegaly, cerebral cortical gyral maldevelopment and pancreatic islet hyperplasia. Additional, less frequent findings are delineated. Results of iron content studies of hepatic and renal tissues are related to age of survival and possible development of fibrosis. PMID- 1248489 TI - [On the embryo-fetal alcohol syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The symptomatology in 24 patients with the embryo-fetal alcohol syndrome in this study corresponded essentially to the clinical picture described by Lemoine et al., and Jones et al., although we were not able to confirm the maxillary hypoplasia and microphthalmia mentioned in the latter. In addition, we observed in 2 girls a virilization of the genitalia which corresponded to female pseudohermaphroditism. Auxologically a nearly regular pattern of the parameters measured was found. The intra-uterine hypotrophy continues after birth. In particular, the head circumference, reflecting the brain growth, remains low. The cerebral damage leads to oligophrenia with a typical pattern of psychic and motor behaviour. Moderate cases tend to improve. Concerning the pathogenesis, the clinical observations in connexion with recent animal experiments permit the following conclusions. Neither the malnutrition nor the liver damage of the mothers are necessary presuppositions. Ethanol itself appears to play the main teratogenetical role. Acetaldehyde, which is the primary metabolite of ethanol, is cytotoxic too. However, the liver of the embryo and the fetus, in consequence of its deficient alcohol dehydrogenase content, is not able to metabolize ethanol. PMID- 1248490 TI - [Generalized familial semibenign BCG infection, salmonella osteomyelitis and intestinal pseudotuberculosis--due to a familial defect of the macrophage system? (author's transl)]. AB - Two siblings became very ill after BCG inoculation in the newborn period. A generalized BCG infection was assumed from the clinical symptomatology and the histological findings. Later on the boy suffered from enteric salmonellosis and osteomyelitis caused by the same organism, and as a todler he had intestinal pseudotuberculosis. Prompt recovery took place under selective antibiotic therapy. No known immunodeficiency disease could be correlated with this familial syndrome of increased susceptibility to intracellular vital microbes. A defective function of the patients macrophage system is suspected. PMID- 1248491 TI - [Constitutional familial leucocytopenia with partial Pelger anomaly and delayed development of bone (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and hematological findings in 4 boys of a family with a chronic constitutional leukocytopenia are described. Possible X-chromosomal sex-linked genetic transmission, the benign clinical course as well as the association with clinical and cytological hints of the involvement of the lymphatic cellular immunological system suggest a disease of its own. It was classified as a mild form of myelolymphatic insufficiency similar to reticular dysgenesis. The significance of Pelger-Huet anomalies of neutrophils demonstrated in the blood of the mother and of Pelger-like forms in the blood of children are discussed. PMID- 1248492 TI - [Chronic pseudomalignant immuneproliferation (Canale-Smith syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - A case of chronic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly existing over a period of 11 years, with a variety of acquired deficiencies of immunity and autoimmune phenomena, is described. It is almost identical with the 5 children reported in 1967 by Canale and Smith as a new benign syndrome "chronic lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphoma". The relationship to similar disorders with lymphadenopathy and immunological abnormalities is discussed. PMID- 1248494 TI - Facial myokymia and brain stem tumor. AB - An autoptic case of facial myokymia in glioma of the pons is described. The facial myokymia was the only symptom for many years. The authors emphasize the importance of the facial myokymia as a precocious sign of pons tumor and stress the meaning of the EMG in the differential diagnosis between facial myokymia in brain stem tumor and facial hyperkinesa in other diseases. PMID- 1248493 TI - [Antireticulin antibodies and precipitating antibodies to food proteins in the sera of children with coeliac disease (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from 41 children suffering with histologically proven coeliac disease and from 40 healthy control children were investigated for the presence of antireticulin antibodies and precipitating antibodies to a watery extract of wheat flour and to cow's milk. Antireticulin antibodies were demonstrated by means of indirect immunofluorescence using sections of fresh rat kidney as substrat. For the detection of precipitating antibodies a combination of electrophoresis and immunodiffusion was used. Serum antireticulin antibodies were found in 11/13 children (85%) with active coeliac disease, in 7/17 children (41%) with clinically and biochemically silent coeliac relapse and in 0/16 children with treated coeliac disease. Serum precipitating antibodies to wheat flour and cow's milk were found respectively in 3/13 children (23%) and 2/13 children (15%) with active coeliac disease and in 1/16 children (6%) with treated coeliac disease. Precipitating antibodies could not be detected in the sera of 17 patients with silent relapse of coeliac disease. In the sera of 40 controls neither antireticulin nor precipitating antibodies were detectable. The presence of antireticulin antibodies in serum did not correspond to the presence of serum precipitins to wheat flour and cow's milk. The significance of serum antireticulin antibodies for screening investigations and for follow-up studies is discussed. PMID- 1248495 TI - A case of new dysautonomia-like disorder found in Japan. I. Clinical and metabolic studies. AB - A case of new dysautonomia-like disorder in a Japanese infant is reported. The patient showed almost all of the essential criteria for the diagnosis of familial dysautonomia. Results of pharmacologic tests and urinary excretion patterns of catecholamines and their metabolites were also compatible with the disorder. But he lacked some important clinical findings, such as lifelong hypolacrimia, skin blotching, excessive sweating and labile blood pressure. Precise observations of clinical features and literatures on non-Jewish cases of familial dysautonomia lent evidence that this case suffered from a new dysautonomia-like disorder. PMID- 1248496 TI - "Locked-in" syndrome. A clinico-pathological study of two cases. AB - Two new examples of "locked-in" syndrome are reported. The patients are mute and quadriplegic; they present a bilateral horizontal gaze palsy. Contact can be established through preserved vertical eye movements demonstrating therefore that the patients are not comatose. Postmortem examination reveals in both cases a thrombosis of the basilar artery with an infarction of the ventral rostral pons extending dorsally into the paramedian tegmental area. The main clinical features of this syndrome and their anatomical correlates are discussed. PMID- 1248497 TI - Radicular symptoms in tuberculosis. A case report. AB - A case of tuberculous radiculitis in the lumbosacral region resulting in flaccid paresis of the lower limbs is presented. The primary site of tuberculosis was the intestine. Hematogenic dissemination resulted in organ tuberculosis of the third lumbar vertebra and left kidney. The infection spread locally into the lumbosacral dura and nerve roots. A decline in general immunological resistance lead to fatal dissemination of the disease into the meninges, lungs, liver, left adrenal and right kidney. Differential diagnostic problems, especially the Guillain-Barre syndrome, are discussed. PMID- 1248498 TI - Effects of some drugs on electrical activity of the gut in the postoperative period. AB - Myoelectrical activity of the gut has been studied in the postoperative period on 54 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. They have been divided into one control group and four other groups which were treated with pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, prostigmine or coherin (a posterior pituitary extract). In all patients, bursts of spikes were recorded during the early postoperative period. However, the slow waves were strongly disturbed at this time. Pentagastrin, CCK PZ and prostigmine had no effect on the slow waves, while they increased the frequency of the spikes. These substances did not reduce the duration of the 'physiological' ileus. On the contrary, coherin was found to improve the regularity of the slow waves and to reduce the duration of the 'physiological' ileus. PMID- 1248499 TI - Changes in vascular permeability associated with acetic acid-induced gastrin ulcer in rats. AB - Gastric ulcer was induced in rats by application of acetic acid to the anterior wall of the stomach. Leakage of circulating albumin into the gastric wall was estimated by intravenous injection of radioactive albumin and determination of the radioactivity in different samples of the stomach wall. The protein leakage was found to be markedly increased in the anterior wall of the stomach, the increase being most pronounced close to the ulcer. The leakage remained fairly constant during the first 10 h of the experiment. The protein content of the posterior wall was about the same as in animals on which a sham operation had been performed. The protein leakage was associated with considerable oedema formation. The protein leakage indicates that inflammatory mediators are released in a wide area around the ulcer. The present experimental model offers an opportunity to find out which mediators are involved in the lesion. PMID- 1248500 TI - Proximal selective vagotomy without pyloroplasty. A randomized clinical study. AB - 50 consecutive male patients with a proven duodenal ulcer disease without pyloric stenosis were electively treated with a proximal selective vagotomy. They were randomized in a group with and a group without pyloroplast. Up to now (1-3 years follow-up) no recurrences were found, and only two patients have major complaints (Visich grading 3). There are no differences between the two groups, as judged by the clinical result, the pentagastrin test, the Hollander test (2-DODG stimulation), and the gastrin analysis. Pyloroplasty therefore is not needed. Although the vagotomy which completely preserves antral motility is mostly incomplete in the Hollander test, it is sufficient as judged by the clinical results and the acid response. PMID- 1248501 TI - Metastasis formation after intravenous tumour cell injection in thrombocytopenic rats. AB - Induced thrombocytopenia has been found to decrease metastasis formation after intravenous tumour cell injection which emphasizes the importance of platelets in metastasis formation. Using a syngeneic 20-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in rats, the effect of platelet reduction was investigated in combination with trauma and infusion of dextran 1000. It was found that platelets were important for the increased formation of metastases after trauma but not for the increased formation of metastases after infusion of dextran 1000. Thus, trauma and dextran 1000 stimulate metastasis formation by different mechanisms. Possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 1248502 TI - Blood volume partition after acute cholestasis in the rat. AB - A method involving isotope labelling of blood components and then rapid freezing of intact rats, was used for evaluation of the blood content in liver, spleen and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in cholestatic animals. For comparison also another important blood depot, i.e. the lungs were examined. After 4 days of cholestasis the animals were hypovolemic, however, the partition of blood in the liver and GI tract was unchanged or even increased. In contrast the lung blood volume and the erythrocyte content of the spleen were markedly reduced. Three days later the animals had regained their normal blood volume, but still there was a redistribution of blood from the lungs and spleen to the liver and GI tract. We suggest that during cholestasis the depot function of the splanchnic vessels is disturbed. This might be one factor of importance for development of the hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 1248503 TI - Quantitative correlations between chemical structure and affinity for acetylcholine receptors. AB - The affinity constants (log K, pA2) of 128 quaternary ammonium compounds belonging to several different series have been correlated linearly with the hydrophobicity (piR) constant, the dipole moment (muR), and the number of hydroxyl groups (nOH) of the side chain; the dependence on the hydrophobicity constant of the quaternary ammonium head (pi-N identical to) is shown to be parabolic. A correlation coefficient of 0.96 is obtained for all the compounds using only 4 independent variables (6 terms). Based on the quantitative correlation obtained, intermolecular forces involved in the drug-receptor interaction are discussed. Further molecular modifications to enhance the affinity to cholinergic receptors are suggested. PMID- 1248505 TI - The effect of biogenic amine modifiers on morphine analgesia and its antagonism by naloxone. AB - The stimulation of dopaminergic receptors, inhibition of serotonin synthesis or blockade of muscarinic receptors by various modifiers led to inhibition of morphine analgesia in mice. Blockade of dopaminergic receptors or the increase in serotonergic or cholinergic activity resulted in the enhancement of morphine analgesia. Serotonergic and cholinergic systems are proposed as positive and the dopaminergic system as negative modulators of morphine analgesia. The modulation of naloxone antagonism was much more complicated than that of morphine analgesia and often the effect of biogenic amine modifiers on antagonism differed from that on analgesia. The fact than biogenic amine modifiers do not affect morphine analgesia and naloxone antagonism by a similar pattern suggests that interaction of narcotics and narcotic antagonists with analgesic receptors may not be exactly the same. PMID- 1248504 TI - Effects of reserpine, guanethidine and methyldopa on cardiac output and its distribution. AB - In anaesthetized rats with a renal model of hypertension, effects of reserpine, guanethidine and methyldopa on cardiac output (the dye-dilution method) and its distribution among the heart, the lung, the kidney, the large and small intestine, the stomach, the liver, the spleen, skeletal muscle and skin (the rubidium method) were studied. Several hours administration of all three drugs under study, a definite decrease in cardiac output was observed. Cardiac output then escaped from the influence of the drugs despite a reduction in heart rate. Fall of arterial pressure 24 hr after administration of the drugs was only due to the decrease in total peripheral resistance. Effects of the drugs on distribution of cardiac output were studied at the time when cardiac output was not changed to any significant extent. Under this condition the features common to all the drugs were an increase of the cardiac output fractions to the gastro-intestinal tract and a decrease to the heart and the spleen. This fact indicates that decrease in resistance of gastro-intestinal vascular region plays a basic role in the hypotensive effect of reserpine, guanethidine and methyldopa. PMID- 1248506 TI - Effect of anticholinergic drugs on gastro-intestinal absorption of L-dopa in rats and in man. AB - Plasma L-DOPA levels in rats receiving L-DOPA by the oral route were decreased by the concomitant administration of trihexyphenidyl. Following systemic L-DOPA administration no differences were observed between control and trihexyphenidyl treated rats. Effects similar to those of trihexyphenidyl were observed with atropine. These results indicate that trihexyphenidyl decreases L-DOPA gastrointestinal absorption probably by delaying gastric emptying. The presence in humans of this interaction between the two antiparkinsonian drugs was suggested by similar findings made either in a group of normal volunteers or in a group of parkinsonian patients. These observations suggest that at the clinical level in selected cases the concomitant administration of trihexyphenidyl to patients receiving L-DOPA may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA by reducing its gastrointestinal absorption. PMID- 1248507 TI - Antitussive activity of some naturally occurring cannabinoids in anesthetized cats. AB - Experimental cough was elicited in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats by either electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve or by mechanical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa. Intravenous administration of delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) effectively reduced the amplitude of the cough response in both these models of experimentally induced cough with ED50 values (AtD50) of 1.84 and 0.78 mg/kg, respectively. This cough suppressant activity of THC was more similar to codeine-PO4 than dextromethorphan-HBr. On the other hand, both cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD) were devoid of antitussive activity at doses as high as 10.0 mg/kg. PMID- 1248508 TI - On the mechanism of histamine action in cardiac muscle. AB - The effect of histamine on electrical and mechanical properties of guinea-pig ventricular muscle fibers was investigated. It was found that the drug decreased in rate of tension development, the rate of fall of the twitch and decreased the time to peak tension. The height of the plateau of the action potential was increased by histamine and this seems to explain, at least, part of the drug action on heart contractility. The uptake and efflux of 45Ca were both increased by the drug. The positive inotropic action of histamine is largely dependent on the external calcium concentration and temperature and is abolished in low Na solution. It was found that histamine has a marked relaxing action which is probably related to increased Ca sequestration by the sarcotubular system. The drug also produced a decrease in post-extrasystolic potentiation. PMID- 1248510 TI - Release of smooth muscle-contracting substances from isolated perfused lungs. AB - Infusion of tryptamine (1-4 mug/ml) through the pulmonary circulation of rat isolated lung perfused with Krebs solution caused release of a mixture of spasmogens contracting isolated smooth muscle preparations. One component of this mixture had biological activity comparable to E-type prostaglandins. Other components included a slow reacting substance comparable to SRS-A and a rabbit aorta-contracting substance comparable to RCS. Infusions of 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine and histamine (0.5-2 mug/ml) also caused release. Release induced by the tryptamines but not that by acetylcholine and histamine was prevented by methysergide whereas acetylcholine-induced release was prevented by hyoscine which did not affect tryptamine-induced release. The tryptamines and histamine released spasmogens from dog isolated lungs but only histamine was effective in guinea-pig lungs. We conclude that amine-induced release from isolated lungs is a fairly general phenomenon and that it may represent an endocrine function of lung. PMID- 1248509 TI - The effects of cocaine and diphenhydramine upon the reactivity of rat vas deferens to supramaximal doses of noradrenaline and of other agonists: the mode of action of cocaine. AB - The effects of cocaine on responses to supramaximal concentrations of agonists have been studied in preparations of rat vas deferens. Cocaine 10 muM decreased the mean time to peak and increased the mean magnitude of responses to noradrenaline but not to supramaximal field stimulation of sympathetic fibres, to high potassium or to methoxamine. Diphenydramine 10 muM affected responses to noradrenaline similarly. It is proposed that the prejunctional action of cocaine and of diphenhydramine to reduce the rate of neuronal uptake of noradrenaline may provide a sufficient explanation for the enhanced reactivity of the vas deferens to noradrenaline, as this would allow an increased rate of rise of amine concentration at the receptors. Cocaine also enhanced the reactivity of the vas deferens to acetylcholine. The basis of this enhancement by cocaine of the reactivity of the vas deferens to acetylcholine remains to be established, but clearly is not mediated postjunctionally since responses to carbachol were not similarly affected. PMID- 1248511 TI - The development of a reliable and sensitive bioassay for gastrin in body fluids. AB - The sensitivity and reliability of the Ghosh and Schild rat stomach preparation was improved by implantation of bulky intragastric cannulae, recirculation of the perfusate and measurement of conductivity instead of pH. With these procedures, the threshold values for gastrin I were in the range of 1-2 ng. In attempts to increase the sensitivity further it was shown that neither vagotomy nor antrectomy influenced the sensitivity of the method. The threshold values were not lowered by attempts to reduce gastrin metabolism through nephroligature or small bowel resection. Although rats fitted with portacaval shunts did raise the threshold, the limited increase in sensitivity was also achieved by selecting the rats that gave an initially high response to a test dose of gastrin thus avoiding the complicated shunt operation. The assay procedure enabled statistically valid measurements of gastrin in plasma and from tumour extracts from patients suffering from the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome to be assayed using a 2 + 2 block design. PMID- 1248512 TI - The effect of dimethylaminoadamantane on neuronal membranes. AB - The effect of dimethylaminoadamantane (DMAA), an amantadine derivative with an anti-Parkinson property, on rat sensory nerve fibres was studied with the sucrose gap method. DMAA 10(-4) M in normal Locke solution reduced the spike amplitude without changing the resting potential, increased the membrane resistance and depressed repetitive spike activity elicited by depolarizing currents. From experiments performed with changed concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions in the suspension medium it appears that the permeability of sodium, potassium and chloride ions is reduced by DMAA. The possible implication of the membrane effects of the drug in its action on dopaminergic transmission in the brain is discussed. PMID- 1248513 TI - Mechanism of the histamine-induced positive inotropic action in cardiac muscle. AB - Histamine, a positive inotropic agent which elevates cyclic AMP, was tested for ability to induce Ca2+ channels in 3 preparations of embryonic (16-day-old) chick ventricular myocardial cells whose fast Na+ channels were blocked by tetrodotoxin or voltage inactivated in 25 mM K+. In such inexcitable cells, histamine (10( 6)M) rapidly (1-3 min) induced slowly rising, overshooting, plateau-like responses accompanied by contractions. Mn2+, D600, or H2-receptor blocking agents abolished the slow responses. These results suggest that the positive inotropic action of histamine, like that of catecholamines, is mediated by an increased availability of slow Ca2+ channels. PMID- 1248514 TI - The effect of corticosteroids and hemicholinium-3 on choline uptake and incorporation into acetylcholine in rat diaphragm. AB - The glucocorticoids prednisolone and dexamethasone antagonize the inhibition by hemicholinium-3 of both the rate of choline uptake and the incorporation of choline into acetylcholine in the rat diaphragm. Aldosterone has no such effects. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of glucocorticoids in the treatment of myasthenia gravis may be due not only to immunosuppression, but also to some direct effect on presynaptic events perhaps via a choline carrier or an enzyme of choline metabolism. PMID- 1248515 TI - Classification and discrimination for data analysis in pharmacology. AB - Classification and discrimination are described as methods of inference and decision-making in pharmacological data analysis. Principal components and multiple discriminant analysis are applied to animal and human spectra of the neuroleptics. A preliminary step is required to separate differences in potency from the spectral information. PMID- 1248516 TI - Formation of bundles of microfilaments during spreading of fibroblasts on the substrate. PMID- 1248517 TI - The nucleoli of cultured human lymphocytes. I. Nucleolar morphology in relation to transformation and the DNA cycle. PMID- 1248518 TI - The role of nucleus and cytoplasm in the inheritance of multiplication rates in Amoeba proteus cultured at different temperatures. PMID- 1248519 TI - The serum dependence of baby hamster kidney cell attachment to a substratum. PMID- 1248520 TI - Progeria cells are stimulated to repair DNA by co-cultivation with normal cells. PMID- 1248521 TI - Variation in lysosomal enzyme activity during growth in culture of human fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 1248522 TI - Distribution and nature of saccharides of plasma membranes of rat ascites hepatoma cells as detected by ferritin-conjugated lectins and dialysed iron. PMID- 1248523 TI - Microspike-mediated particle transport towards the cell body during early spreading of 3T3 cells. PMID- 1248524 TI - Helical polysomes induced by aflatoxin B1 in vivo. A new hypothesis for helix formation by chemicals and carcinogens. PMID- 1248525 TI - Circadian properties of the rhythmic system in individual nucleated and enucleated cells of Acetabularia mediterranea. PMID- 1248526 TI - Coordinated synthesis and degradation of actin and myosin in a variety of myogenic and non-myogenic cells. PMID- 1248527 TI - In vitro myogenesis. Expression of muscle specific function in the absence of cell fusion. PMID- 1248528 TI - Effects of chemical animalization and cell dissociation on RNA synthesis in sea urchin embryos. PMID- 1248529 TI - Different timing of increases in activities of four X-chromosome linked enzymes during the cell cycle of synchronized human lymphoblasts. PMID- 1248530 TI - Abnormal nucleolar growth in the oocytes of athymic "nude" mice. The result of gonadotropin insufficiency? PMID- 1248531 TI - Effect of ultrasound on euchromatin and heterochromatin from normal and viral transformed mammalian cells. PMID- 1248532 TI - Responsiveness of actylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in neural cells to age and cell density in culture. PMID- 1248533 TI - Transport and distribution of rhenium-188 in the central nervous system. PMID- 1248534 TI - Triethyllead-induced hypomyelination in the developing rat forebrain. PMID- 1248535 TI - Polarization of caudate nucleus and excitability of neurons in motorsensory cortex. PMID- 1248536 TI - Visual neglect in the tree shrew after interruption of the descending projections of the deep superior colliculus. PMID- 1248537 TI - Effects of deafferentation on the development of the isthmo-optic nucleus in the duck (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 1248538 TI - Rotatory behavior induced by glycine injected into the substantia nigra of the rat. PMID- 1248539 TI - A quantitative investigation of somatosensory coding in single cells of the cat mesencephalic reticular formation. PMID- 1248540 TI - Binding of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid to synaptosomal fractions of the brains of differentially-housed mice. PMID- 1248541 TI - Distribution of extrajunctional acetylcholinesterase in muscle of normal and dystrophic chickens. PMID- 1248542 TI - Tissue culture of human fetal cerebellum: a light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 1248543 TI - The organization of neuronal somata in the first sacral spinal ganglion of the cat. PMID- 1248544 TI - Effects of unilateral spinal cordotomy and outer ear occlusion on audiogenic seizures in mice. PMID- 1248545 TI - Functional differentiation of motor units in human opponens pollicis muscle. PMID- 1248546 TI - Effect of vinblastine on neural regulation of metabolism in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 1248547 TI - Excitability characteristics of the A- and C-fibers in a peripheral nerve. PMID- 1248548 TI - Aftereffects of static or dynamic fusimotor activation on primary afferent discharge. PMID- 1248549 TI - Drifting fields of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis lesions in the vicinity of granulomato (diffusion of autoantigens?). PMID- 1248550 TI - A neurophysiological analysis of the development of cortico-caudate connections in the cat. PMID- 1248551 TI - Prolonged post-block hypoexcitability induced by anodal blockade of cat tooth pulp. PMID- 1248553 TI - Transplantation of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle in normal and dystrophic chickens. PMID- 1248552 TI - Movement of sodium from blood and brain into the cerebral ventricles of cats during altered CSF volume flow rates. PMID- 1248554 TI - Evaluation of sucessive collections of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid in rats, rabbits, and cats. PMID- 1248555 TI - Focal gliosis and potassium movement in mammalian cortex. PMID- 1248556 TI - Phospholipid metabolism in murine muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1248557 TI - Neurotropic effects of sciatic nerve extracts on muscle development in culture. PMID- 1248558 TI - Descending supraspinal effects under conditions of disturbance of the inhibitory processes in the nuclei of the medulla: the formation of the generators of excitation. PMID- 1248559 TI - Electrophysiologic evidence that neither sprouting nor neuronal hyperactivity occur following long term trigeminal or cervical primary deafferentation. PMID- 1248560 TI - Changes in the electrical activity and PO2 of the rat's brain under high oxygen pressure. PMID- 1248561 TI - Effects of damage to the monoamine axonal constituents of the medical forebrain bundle on reactivity to foot shock and ingestive behavior in the rat. PMID- 1248562 TI - Trigeminal afferent fibers in the trunk of the oculomotor nerve of lambs. PMID- 1248563 TI - Distribution of radioactivity from topically applied [H3]acetylcholine in relation to seizure. PMID- 1248564 TI - Intramuscular penicillin epilepsy in the cat: effects of chronic cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 1248565 TI - Multiple sites of impulse initiation in a tendon organ. PMID- 1248566 TI - Histopathological effect of thiourea on the ovarian tissues of Sarcophaga ruficornis (Fabr.). AB - The primary target of thiourea in female Sarcophaga are the follicles in the ovarioles. The follicle cells as a result become syncytial and their nuclei get pycnotic, inhibiting the transport of nutrient material into the nurse cells and of yolk into the oocytes. The subnormal eggs produced are not viable. PMID- 1248567 TI - Nuclear pores in the spermatozoon of the rat. AB - The paper describes a hexagonal array of nuclear pores in a non-redundant region of the nuclear envelope underlying the basal surface of the rat spermatozoon head. It is concluded that intranuclear material protruding through these pores is the cause of the characteristic rows of circular 'bumps' found in surface replicas of this region. PMID- 1248568 TI - Mitotic activity of adrenal medullary cells in the mouse at different ages and following unilateral adrenalectomy. AB - The number of mitoses as well as the number of the cells of the adrenal medulla was determined in the mouse at various ages and after unilateral adrenalectomy. It was found that a decrease in the mitoses and an increase in the cell number occurs up to 4 months. In 12-month-old rats, mitoses, although rare, are still present. No changes in the mitosis and cell number was observed after unilateral adrenalectomy. PMID- 1248569 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in T-lymphocyte deficient rats. AB - Thymectomized, lethally irradiated rats reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow were injected with rat brain in complete Freund adjuvant mixture. Both, they and sham-thymectomized, irradiated and bone marrow protected rats displayed a higher incidence of leg paralysis than normal non-irradiated animals. Thymectomy lowered the incidence of the disease. PMID- 1248570 TI - Auto-oxidation of hemoglobin in plasma. AB - The rate of auto-oxidation of human hemoglobin to methemoglobin was measured in plasma at 37 degrees C. Half-lives of hemoglobin were found to be 20 h, 12 h and 7 h at the oxygen tensions of 126, 57 and 23 mm Hg, respectively. PMID- 1248571 TI - Effects of two kinds of social deprivation on testosterone and estradiol-17 beta plasma levels in the male rat. PMID- 1248572 TI - The effect of tri-iodothyronine on the skeletal growth of Salmo trutta Alevin. PMID- 1248573 TI - Sexual steroids and monamine metabolism during gestation. AB - The experiments show influence of progesterone and estradiol on regulation of enzymes of monamine metabolism, MAO and COMP during pregnancy. Both the hormones inhibit enzymes MAO and COMPT in the adrenals when determined at 0 h parturition. Estradiol has stronger inhibitory effect than progesterone. The results provide evidence for important endocrine implication during pregnancy for processes of monamine regulation. PMID- 1248574 TI - [Early effects of growth hormone on blood and urinary inorganic phosphorus in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - From the kinetic study of the effects of one single growth hormone (GH) injection on the phosphate metabolism, it appears that the influence of GH on the serum phosphate level is biphasic: a decrease is followed by an increase. Conversely GH leads to an early decrease of the urinary phosphate excretion. PMID- 1248575 TI - [Simple chromosome banding technique for farm animal investigations]. AB - For routine cytogenetic investigations, a simple banding technique on chromosomes is described. Used on different cell material, a visible banding appearance is produced which makes the typing of chromosomes precise and fast. On 2 examples of cattle and rabbit chromosomes, the identification of a centric fusion and a trisomic is shown. PMID- 1248576 TI - Distribution of type A and B monamine oxidase activities in the central nervous system of rat and chick. AB - The distribution of type A and B monamine oxidase (MAO) activities in the central nervous system (CNS) of rat and chick was investigated using 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine as specific substrates. The distribution of type A MAO was similar to that of type B MAO in rat CNS, but quite different in chick CNS. This may be ascribed to the difference in animal species. The major part of MAO activity in the spinal cord was found to be type A. PMID- 1248577 TI - Construction of a PO2 microelectrode for use in small blood vessels. PMID- 1248578 TI - Wireless microphone for studies of animal vocalizations. AB - A microphone collar for obtaining good quality recordings of animal vocalizations is described. An inexpensive, commercially available wireless microphone was modified and mounted on a collar with a hearing-aidbattery pack. The complete assembly weighs 25 g, and is readily accepted by domestic cats. PMID- 1248579 TI - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in serum of developing rats. PMID- 1248580 TI - [Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity of the rat liver after hypophysectomy and administration of hypophyseal hormones (author's transl)]. AB - In order to elucidate the role of the hypophysis in the regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity, male and female rats hypophysectomized on day 50 of life were treated with different hypophyseal hormones and tested on day 85 of life. Only a crude extract from human hypophysis and ovine prolactin was able to enhance the enzyme activity, thereby restoring the level of intact controls. PMID- 1248581 TI - [Autosomal chromosometranslocation of piebald cattle and brown cattle (author's transl)]. AB - Different autosomal chromosome fusions at piebald cattle and brown cattle are described. In randomly investigated breeds of cattle in Germany, we found 1/25 translocation in piebald cattle and a 1/29 Robertsonian fusion in brown cattle. Fertility differences were investigated. PMID- 1248582 TI - The effect of plant growth substances and natural products on RNA and DNA synthesis in leukocytes. AB - The effect of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins and phenolics on the incorporation of uridine and thymidine into the nucleic acids of human leukocytes was examined. Both the stimulation and inhibition of the incorporation of the precursors was noted. The auxins consistently promoted the incorporation of uridine. PMID- 1248583 TI - Structural changes of deoxyribonucleoprotein fibres following gamma-irradiation under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. AB - The DNP fibres gamma-irradiated under aerobic condition showed a reduction of their diameter, while no remarkable changes were observed in the DNP fibres irradiated under hypoxic condition by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 1248584 TI - Gene amplification in oocytes of the rove beetle Creophilus maxillosus (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera-Polyphaga). AB - The extra-DNA body was found, for the first time, in oocytes of an insect with telotrophic ovary. Dispersion of this body is accompanied by an enormous increase of nuclear volume and production of multiple nucleoli. It is suggested that the extra-DNA contains a huge mass of nucleolus organizers. PMID- 1248586 TI - Enhanced inhibition of RNA synthesis by amanitins in in vitro cultured cells. AB - The inhibition of RNA synthesis by alpha-amanitin on in vitro cultured cells is very slow. The action of various analogueoreover pretreatment of cell cultures with DEAE-dextran greatly enhanced the effect of beta-amanitin. PMID- 1248585 TI - Influence of progesterone on protein and RNA synthesis in cultured chick embryo liver cells. AB - Chick embryo liver primary cultures, when added with progesterone, exhibit, in comparison with the controls, a normal growth, a decline of both 3H-uridine uptake and incorporation into total RNA, a decline of 3H-leucine and 14C serine incorporation into the proteins. Progesterone is not able to stimulate phosvitin synthesis induction. PMID- 1248587 TI - Cell types originating from kidney explants of young and old mice. AB - Explants from young and old mouse kidneys give rise to two different cell types when placed in organ culture dishes. The two cell types differ in morphology and ability to grow in vitro. Explants from young mice give rise to one predominant cell type; those from old mice give rise to another. Our data supports the mosaic theory of aging. PMID- 1248588 TI - [Studies on stable and during early imbibition phases synthesized poly(A)-RNA of Agrostemma githago embryos (author's transl)]. AB - RNA isolated from dry embryos of Agrostemma githago seeds contains poly(A) sequences, but in very small amounts. In the early phase of imbibition, an intensive synthesis of poly(A)-containing RNA is brought about. The importance of this synthesis of poly(A)-RNA is discussed. PMID- 1248589 TI - Deep temporal lobe projections to the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. AB - Electrophysiological studies with acutely prepared cats found that stimulation of deep temporal lobe structures (e.g., amygdala, prepyriform cortex) evoked responses in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. An analysis of field, extra- and intracellular unitary responses points to the existence of a monosynaptic excitatory connection. PMID- 1248590 TI - The renal concentrating ability of newly born Brattleboro rats (hereditary diabetes insipidus). AB - In Brattleboro rats, there was no difference in urine osmolality between animals with and without diabetes insipidus after water deprivation up to age 14 days, and it appeared at age 18 days due to increase of osmolality in non-diabetic individuals. PMID- 1248591 TI - Use of indomethacin to reverse neonatal hypotension. AB - Treatment with indomethacin elevated systemic arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in hypotensive newborn goats. Indomethacin may be of value in restoration of systemic arterial pressure in stress-induced hypotension. PMID- 1248592 TI - Effect of different bathing media on the short-circuit current across the intestine of the rat and guinea-pig. AB - The changes in short-circuit current occurring when one or both solutions bathing the intestine of rat or guinea-pig mounted in flux chambers were recorded. The results with the guinea-pig can be explained in terms of diffusion potentials arising from the ionic replacements, and an electrogenic sodium pump, sensitive to ouabain, in the contraluminal membrane of the cell. In the rat, the situation is more complicated, and the enterocyte probably possesses an electrogenic sodium pump in the brush-border membrane. PMID- 1248593 TI - Capillary lengths and areas, and intercapillary distances in tissue near the human knee. AB - Quantiative stereological electron microscopy has been used to investigate the capillary lengths, surface areas and intercapillary distances in the tissues around the human knee, the synovial membrane, synovial capsule, fat and tendon. The vascularity of these regions was much less than in other areas of the body, especially muscle. PMID- 1248594 TI - Dog behaviour as related to spinal cord temperature. AB - 3 dogs could behaviourally modify their own spinal cord temperature (Tspin. cord). In a hot environment, 2 dogs did not cool their spinal cord, 1 dog warmed it. The higher the environmental temperature, the higher the chosen Tspin. cord. These results seem to imply that this latter dog tended, in warm environment, to behaviourally reduce: Ts greater than Tspin. cord (Ts mean skin temperature). Data obtained previously support this explanation. PMID- 1248595 TI - Role of catecholamines in thyroxine-induced changes in metabolism and body temperature during exercise in dogs. PMID- 1248596 TI - The relation between capillaries and neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of Pomatomus saltatrix. AB - The caudal neurosecretory system of Pomatomus saltatrix was examined. Particular interest was devoted to the perikarya of the neurosecretory cells. The majority of these cells were characterized by a close association with the capillary network. The cells appeared to ensheath the capillaries thus bringing the nucleus and perinuclear cytoplasm into close association with the capillaries. PMID- 1248597 TI - Influence of thalamic stimulation on cortical epileptogenic focus. AB - Single stimuli applied to the non-specific thalamic nuclei do not change the activity of a cortical epileptogenic focus whereas rhythmic stimulation of these structures transforms the interictal activity into an ictal one. PMID- 1248598 TI - Influence of the visual cortex upon collicular evoked responses in the rabbit. AB - In rabbit, the depression of the visual cortex by KCl showed an enhancement of the collicular evoked potentials. This enhancement revealed that the visual cortex had exerted a tonic type influence upon the superior colliculus. PMID- 1248599 TI - Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on production of gastric ulcers in pylorus ligated albino rats. AB - A reduction in volume and free and total acidity of gastric content was noted along with reduction in ulcer index, with a shift of the site of ulceration from fundus to the glandular part of the stomach, following vagotomy in pylorus ligated rats. Low volume and acidity explains the absence of ulcers in the fundus, but the increased involvement of glandular part in ulceration is possibly due to weakening of the mucosal barrier following vagotomy. PMID- 1248600 TI - Effect of cholestasis and biliary diversion on the absorption of Na octanoate in the rat. AB - The intestinal absorption and portal vein transport of Na octanoate by isolated jejunal segments perfused in vivo were unchanged in rats studied 48 h after bile duct ligation or fistula. PMID- 1248601 TI - The influence of lithium on serum ceruloplasmin. AB - Serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity did not change in mice treated orally for 120 days with Li2CO3 (0.58 mEq/kg/day). After a single i.p. injection of LiCl (20 mEq/kg), a significant activation of ceruloplasmin was observed. PMID- 1248602 TI - Effect of colchicine on polymerization of tubulin from rats, mice, hamsters and guinea-pigs. AB - Colchicine-inhibition of polymerization of tulbulin from rats, mice, golden hamsters and guinea-pigs was studied to determine if species differences in tubulin sensitivity to colchicine might parallel species variation in colchicine toxicity. It was found that polymerization of tubulin is nearly equally sensitive to colchicine in all four species. PMID- 1248603 TI - Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in rats: anatomical, functional and pharmacological aspects. AB - In rats, the vertebral artery make only a minor contribution to the blood perfusion of the ponto-medullary area. This was measured with radioactive microspheres and was confirmed by methylmetacrylate casts and local injection of a centrally acting hypotensive drug. PMID- 1248604 TI - Histamine receptors in the cat mesenteric circulation. AB - The distribution of histamine receptors was studied in the isolated perfused vascular bed of the cat terminal ileum. The results indicated that the depressor effect of histamine is mediated through the stimulation of metiamide-sensitive H2 receptors, while the pressor effect of the amine is mediated by the stimulation of mepyramine-sensitive H1-receptors. PMID- 1248605 TI - Protection by cerium chloride on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. AB - Pretreatment of rats with cerium chloride, an inhibitor of the DMES, protect against CCl4 intoxication. The protection was obtained against the fatty infiltration in the liver, the decrease of triglyceride secretion from the liver into the plasma compartment, the polysomal disaggregation and the rise of serum transaminases. PMID- 1248607 TI - Editorial: Solving the liability crisis: the patient's stake. PMID- 1248606 TI - Depression of neurones in the rat cerebral cortex by leptazol. PMID- 1248608 TI - Editorial: Primary care and specialization. PMID- 1248609 TI - Periocular corticosteroid injections: uses and abuses. PMID- 1248610 TI - Glaucoma--a classic treatise--part 7. PMID- 1248611 TI - The nonsurgical treatment of Eagle's syndrome. PMID- 1248612 TI - A practical approach to the treatment of subjective tinnitus. PMID- 1248613 TI - Cervical thymic cyst. PMID- 1248614 TI - Preparation of 3H-labelled bongkrekate. PMID- 1248615 TI - A photosensitive product of sodium borohydride reduction of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 1248616 TI - Dark oxidation-reduction coupled phosphorylation in sonicated chloroplast vesicles. PMID- 1248617 TI - Chlorophyll forms affected by 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea as shown by low temperature fluorescence spectra of chloroplasts and fragments. PMID- 1248618 TI - Hb J Mexico in Algeria: arguments for an heterogenous distribution of alpha genes. PMID- 1248619 TI - Radioimmunoassay of arthropod moulting hormone:beta-ecdysone antibodies production and 125 I-iodinated tracer preparation. PMID- 1248620 TI - Location of endogenous RNA polymerase B in a sub-fraction of rat liver chromatin. PMID- 1248621 TI - The separation of two soft-tissue collagens by covalent chromatography. PMID- 1248622 TI - Maltose phosphate in isolated spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 1248623 TI - Effects of a synthetic lysolecithin analog on the phase transition of mixtures of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1248624 TI - Inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by cuprein (superoxide dismutase), Cu(tyr)2 and Cu(lys)2. PMID- 1248625 TI - Hydrophobic affinity partition in aqueous two-phase systems containing poly(ethylene glycol)-palmitate of rightside-out and inside-out vesicles from human erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 1248626 TI - The activation of liver phosphorylase b kinase by glucagon. PMID- 1248627 TI - A linkage unit joining peptidoglycan to teichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus H. PMID- 1248628 TI - Comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of the subclasses of human immunoglobulin A. PMID- 1248629 TI - Low levels of non-histone chromosomal proteins in trout testis chromatin. PMID- 1248630 TI - Direct radioimmune assay of 16-glucosiduronate metabolites of estriol in human plasma and urine. PMID- 1248631 TI - Cholera toxin induced redistribution of sialoglycolipid receptor at the lymphocyte membrane. PMID- 1248632 TI - Effect of fasting on glucose recycling in rats. PMID- 1248633 TI - The primary structure of tRNA2Val from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 1248634 TI - The polarity of stripping of coat protein subunits from the RNA in tobacco mosaic virus under alkaline conditions. PMID- 1248635 TI - Hydrogen bonding in cellular cohesion. PMID- 1248636 TI - The use of affinity chromatography for the purification of nitrate reductase. PMID- 1248637 TI - Ultra-violet fluorescence of actin. Determination of native actin content in actin preparations. PMID- 1248638 TI - Inhibition of sickling by methyl acetimidate. PMID- 1248639 TI - The existence of random coil N-terminal peptides - 'tails' - in native histone complexes. PMID- 1248640 TI - Insulin-like effect of some polyamines on lipoprotein lipase from rat adipose tissue. PMID- 1248641 TI - A simple entrapment method for immobilizing enzymes within cellulose fibers. PMID- 1248642 TI - Foetal bovine MSEL-neurophysin: comparison with adult homologous neurophysin. PMID- 1248643 TI - Structural studies on stem bromelain isolation, characterization and alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments. PMID- 1248644 TI - Synthesis of coupling factor CF1 protein by isolated spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 1248645 TI - Possible role of extracellular matrix vesicles in initial calcification of healing rachitic cartilage. AB - Fluid (20-30 nl) was aspirated by a modified renal micropuncture technique from vitamin D-, phosphate-deficient rats. The fluid revealed a mineral forming agent which could be sedimented at 140,000 X g for 8 hours, was resistant to acid demineralization, but was destroyed by heating, freezing and thawing as well as sonication, and blocked by phospholipase A at 10-5 M but not at 10-7 M. Electron microscopic study of the fluid sediment revealed images consistent with matrix vesicles. These data are consonant with the view that matrix vesicles, their remnants, or closely associated structures comprised the mineral forming agent. PMID- 1248646 TI - Analysis of matrix vesicles and their role in the calcification of epiphyseal cartilage. AB - Extracellular matrix vesicles, which have been shown to be associated with initial calcification of cartilage, were isolated, characterized, and studied with 45calcium isotope to determine whether they could form mineral in vitro. It was found that the isolated matrix vesicles contain a phosphatase, active at neutral pH, which has a very wide specificity and will hydrolyze a variety of nucleotide triphosphates, diphosphates, monophosphates, and other phosphate containing substrate and metabolites. Acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D were found to be in the cell fractions, in lysosomes; these enzymes are not present in matrix vesicles and this is additional evidence for the difference between matrix vesicles and lysosomes. Matrix vesicles were found to take up 45Ca even in the presence of low levels of Ca and P1 and also to facilitate precipitation of hydroxylapatite when incubated under physiological conditions in the presence of ATP and other phosphate-containing substrates. Systematic electron probe analysis of a septum of epiphyseal cartilage indicates that matrix vesicles gradually accumulate calcium and then phosphorus and thus facilitate the advance of the calcification front. Adjoinging nonvesicular matrix in the hypertrophic zone, cell cytoplasm, and cell processes had very low levels of calcium and phosphorus in a region where matrix vesicles showed high levels of these elements. New concepts are put forward that take accounts of these findings which provide a better understanding of the sequence of mineralization in growth cartilage. PMID- 1248647 TI - Histochemical localization of calcium in growth plate mitochondria and matrix vesicles. AB - K-pyroantimonate is an anion that forms an electron-dense precipitate with cellular cations that is readily visualized at the ultrastructural level. The staining process is made relatively specific for calcium by comparing pyroantimonate treated sections to sections pretreated with ethylene glycol-bis N,N'-tetraacetic acid, a chelating agent that removes calcium but not other cellular cations. By these means, it is shown that the antimonate-calcium complex is located predominantly in mitochondria and cell membranes throughout most of the growth plate. In the degenerating zone, however, there is a gradual loss of stain complex from the mitochondria and cell membranes and a concomitant accumulation of the stain complex by matrix vesicles. The latter are the initial site of mineralization in the growth plate as detected by these means. Thus, this study suggests that intracellular calcium plays a significant role in matrix calcification. PMID- 1248648 TI - Calcification of rachitic cartilage to study matrix vesicle function. AB - Growth plate cartilage from rachitic rats was studied to assess the role of extra cellular matrix vesicles in the reinstitution of calcification during healing. The concentration and distribution of matrix vesicles was found to be normal in rachitic growth plate, and although the rachitic cartilage matrix was largely uncalcified, an occasional vesicle did contain internal mineral. Matrix vesicles served as initial loci for mineralization when healing was brought about either by in vivo injection of phosphate or in vitro incubation of growth plates in a metastable calcifying solution. During in vitro calcification a distinct line of mineralization developed in the upper growth plate which was shown by electron microscopy to reflect mineralization by the vesicles. The appearance of this vesicle-associated calcification line was inhibited by preheating or repeated freezing and thawing, and by 30 minutes preincubation in deoxycholate, ethane-1 hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate, or beryllium sulfate. Our results suggest that vesicle calcification is dependent on the structural and enzymatic integrity of the vesicle membrane. Enzymes that may well play a role in vesicle calcification are phosphatases (e. g., alkaline phosphatase, pyrophosphatase and ATPase), which are known to be concentrated in vesicle membranes. PMID- 1248649 TI - Calcification of matrix vesicles in human aortic valve and aortic media. AB - Calcification of human aortic valve and aortic media occurs regularly, increases with age, and is distinctively associated with a zone of lipid accumulation. Ultrastructurally, the accumulated lipids are seen as cellular degradation products derived from senescent and degenerate fibrocytes and smooth muscle cells. The products when deposited in the matrix are morphologically similar to the matrix vesicles described in other calcifying tissues, and serve as the initial site of calcification rather than collagen or elastic fibers. Scattered among the smaller and more typical matrix vesicles, there are seen frequently giant vesicle-like structures measuring several microns in diameter. Many of these large calcified bodies contain needle-shaped, radially arranged apatite crystal deposits. Some of the large calcifying bodies are bounded by folded structures suggesting a membrane component, at times obscured by a more dense floccular osmiophilic deposition. Alcianophilic apparent proteoglycan particles are also adherent to these large calcified bodies. The substance forming the large calcified bodies might be a complex of phospholipids derived from cell membrane and proteoglycan derived from ground substance, this combination possible serving as a nidus for calcification. PMID- 1248650 TI - Matrix vesicles in aging cartilage. AB - The calcification process that occurs in aging has been studied with the electron microscope in costal and tracheal cartilage of rats and in human costal cartilage. In these tissues, the early stage of the calcification process is induced and regulated by matrix vesicles in the same way as it occurs in epiphyseal cartilage, bone, and dentine. However, the spreading of inorganic substance from vesicles into the surrounding matrix is frequently impaired in aged cartilage, either because of a too low concentration of calcium ions, or because the structure of the cartilage matrix is not suitable for inorganic substance deposition. This shows that matrix vesicles have a calcium affinity and calcium-binding potentiality greater than that of other components of the cartilage matrix. Most matrix vesicles are produced by "Verdammerung der Zellen." This degenerative process of the chondrocytes leads also to the formation of pericellular halos consisting of aggregates of amorphous substance and thin filaments. Part of the material that forms these aggregates seems to be produced by disruption of matrix vesicles. Within this disruptive material, thick collagen fibrils can be formed. Moreover, this material seems capable of inducing calcification. These findings suggest that matrix vesicles, by releasing their content into the matrix, can be involved in some way in collagen formation, and that the released material maintains the calcium affinity and calcium-binding property it has within the vesicles. PMID- 1248651 TI - Role of matrix vesicles in calcification. AB - The role of matrix vesicles in the calcification process was investigated in vitro. Isolated vesicles were unable to transport calcium actively. The ATPase activity was not stimulated by calcium in the presence of an optimal magnesium concentration. At a physiological substrate concentration of pyrophosphate, the pyrophosphatase had a pH optimum around 7.0. The vesicles nucleated calcium phosphate precipitation independently of the presence of hydrolyzable phosphate compounds. It is suggested that vesicles induce calcification by nucleating calcium phosphate precipitation and through the local destruction of pyrophosphate, a crystallization inhibitor. PMID- 1248652 TI - Kinins, renal function and blood pressure regulation. Introduction. PMID- 1248653 TI - Renal kallikrein: its localization and possible role in renal function. AB - The distribution of kallikrein in dog kidneys was studied. It was found that kallikrein decreased from the outer to the inner cortex and that the medulla and papilla had very little kallikrein. The site of kallikrein secretion in the nephron was also studied by performing stop-flow techniques in dogs. The highest kallikrein concentration was found in the fractions with the lowest sodium concentration. It was concluded that kallikrein is secreted into the urine at the level of the distal tubule by either the tubule itself or by a structure related to this part of the nephron. In addition, the possible involvement of the kallikrein-kinin system in the regulation of sodium excretion was investigated. Circulating kinins and urinary kallikrein were increased in saline-loaded dogs. Urinary kallikrein also increased in dogs that have "escaped" the sodium retaining effect of desoxycorticosterone. Experiments in rats with different sodium intake showed a relationship between water and sodium excretion and urinary kallikrein. These data suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system could participate in the regulation of the renal function at the level of the distal tubule or collecting duct. PMID- 1248655 TI - Relationships among urinary kallikrein, mineralocorticoids and human hypertensive disease. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion is reduced in patients with hypertension of unknown etiology. In addition, the excretion of this renal, kinin-forming enzyme was found to be elevated in hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone regulates kallikrein excretion, as normal subjects show increased kallikrein excretion in response to a low sodium intake, high potassium intake, or the synthetic mineralocorticoid, fludrocortisone, whereas kallikrein excretion falls during treatment with spironolactone. The relationship between kallikrein excretion and aldosterone activity may directly reflect the intrarenal activity of the kallikrein-kinin system, as determined by studies of kallikrein levels from isolated renal cells or of plasma kinin levels in man in response to postural changes or saline loads. Some patients with essential hypertension do not show a normal increase in kallikrein excretion in response to low dietary sodium intake despite an apparently normal aldosterone response, suggesting that there may be a defect in the renal kallikrein-kinin system in these patients. Whether these findings are of pathogenetic significance in human hypertensive disease remains to be determined. PMID- 1248654 TI - Urinary kallikrein in hypertensive animal models. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion was studied in a number of animal models of hypertension. Kallikrein excretion was subnormal in spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared to Wistar/Kyoto rats and in rats made hypertensive by a clip on one renal artery. Kallikrein excretion was supranormal in rats made hypertensive by desoxycorticosterone and salt and in rats receiving desoxycorticosterone alone. It was subnormal after bilateral adrenalectomy. Kallikrein excretion increased in normotensive rats fed a low-sodium diet but was unchanged by a high sodium diet. Thus, kallikrein excretion responded to changes in activity of sodium-retaining steroids and was not correlated with excretion of salt or water. In studies in dogs with stenosis of one renal artery kallikrein excretion was decreased on the stenoic side and the decrease correlated highly with the reduction in renal blood flow. While the role of the kallikrein-kinin system is still unclear the data indicate that the kidney may modify the initiation or maintenance of hypertension via this potent vasodilator system. PMID- 1248656 TI - Letter: Aging in vertebrates: allometric considerations of spleen size and lifespan. PMID- 1248657 TI - Postcoital test: physiologic basis, technique, and interpretation. AB - The postcoital test determines the adequacy of sperm and the receptivity of cervical mucus. It is the only test which evaluates the interaction between sperm and the female genital tract fluids. The Sims-Huhner test should be an integral part of an infertility investigation, but it must not be used as a substitute for semen analysis. Since cervical mucus accurately reflects the ovarian cycle, the PC test is a useful indicator of the endocrine preparation of the female reproductive system. It is also an important method for the evaluation of a variety of contraceptive steroids which may act directly or indirectly upon cervical secretion. For best results the test should be properly timed, meticulously performed, and knowledgeably interpreted. PMID- 1248658 TI - Artificial insemination using donor semen: a review of 171 cases. AB - This report represents a summary of our experience with 171 unselected cases of artificial insemination by donor (AID) over a 4-year period. It must be stressed that the study was retrospective and subject to many of the problems of analyzing such data. However, the information gained may aid the clinician in his approach to candidates for AID. The most critical points revealed by the survey are as follows: 1. Age, length of infertility, and proven fertility, within certain limitations, appear not to be of prime importance in determining the outcome of AID. 2. Of those patients conceiving, the majority will do so within three cycles of exposure, and 90% will have done so within six cycles of exposure. 3. An adequate trial of AID therapy should last at least 6 months. 4. Although the frequently reported conception rate of up to 70% may be expected in patients with correctable anovulation or with normal reproductive organs, a marked diminution in the success rate should be expected in candidates with disorders such as endometriosis, tubal disease, pelvic adhesions, and uterine abnormalities. PMID- 1248659 TI - Homologous artificial insemination and oligospermia. AB - Of approximately 339 patients evaluated at a private infertility service over a 5 year period, 24 couples underwent homologous artificial insemination (AIH). Nineteen of these were performed to circumvent the problem of oligospermia, and only one pregancy was achieved in this group; conceivably this pregnancy could have occurred by chance. The difficulty in controlling the numerous variables in a clinical fertility study and the limitations of the present methodology are also discussed. It would appear that the use of AIH to circumvent oligospermia has not been successful. However, the present series is rather small. AIH should continue to be offered to couples who have a well-defined indication such as impotence, premature ejaculation, or any anatomical defect which prevents successful intromission. The use of AIH for patients with mild oligospermia but excellent sperm motility probably deserves a limited trial, since it is less expensive and may offer some chance for success. PMID- 1248660 TI - The association of D-group chromosomal translocations and defective spermatogenesis. AB - D-group chromosome translocations have been associated in isolated cases with infertility in males. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of a translocated D-group chromosome on spermatogenesis as it had segregated among three male members of one family. Although the father, who carried the translocation, was obviously fertile, the effects of the translocations on his sperm were noted in the morphologic examination. This study demonstrates the need for more careful evaluation of patients with chromosomal abnormalities for effects on spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it shows the possibility of autosomal chromosomal influences on testicular function. PMID- 1248661 TI - An investigation of plasma hormone levels before and after vasectomy. AB - A prospective study of effects of vasectomy on the plasma levels of testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) was instituted. Postvasectomy plasma hormone levels were compared with prevasectomy, base line levels. Beginning at 6 months after vasectomy, mean plasma testosterone levels demonstrated a statistically significant elevation, mean plasma estradiol levels were lower, mean plasma LH levels were elevated, and mean plasma FSH levels were unchanged. By 2 years after vasectomy, a slight plasma FSH elevation had occurred, plasma estradiol levels had returned to base line, and plasma testosterone and LH levels remained elevated. These changes, although significant statistically, did not exceed the normal ranges found in normal adult males in our laboratory and were of unclear physiologic significance. Thus, it can be concluded from this study of 56 men studied for 2 years, 148 men studied for 1 year, and 182 men studied for 6 months after vasectomy that no adverse hormonal effects of vasectomy have been demonstrated. PMID- 1248662 TI - Endocrine effects of vasectomy in man. AB - Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and free testosterone index (FTI) were measured serially in 11 fertile men, ages 25 to 40, 4 weeks before to 40 weeks after elective vasectomy. During the 1st week postvasectomy there was a significant fall in FSH levels (P less than 0.001) and FTI (P less than 0.05), with recovery by 2 weeks. This acute response may be due to general surgical stress. Thereafter, the over-all mean FSH level was significantly (P less than 0.05) below the prevasectomy level; over-all levels of LH, T, and FTI did not change. We speculate that this decline in mean FSH levels is compatible with the existence of an as yet unidentified T independent testicular factor influencing FSH production. PMID- 1248663 TI - Lipid and carbohydrate metabolic studies after one year of megestrol acetate treatment. AB - A prospective study of lipid and carbohydrate metabolic parameters was made in 22 women who had taken a daily oral dose of 0.5 mg of megestrol acetate for contraception for 1 year. Studies of the fasting blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels demonstrated no significant change. A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and after 1 year of treatment. After therapy, the fasting blood glucose levels were normal but the 0.5- and 2-hour levels were elevated. All but one of the plasma insulin levels were elevated at the 1-year test. Since body weights and the fasting levels of plasma growth hormone were unchanged, they were probably not involved in the carbohydrate alteration. These results point out the need for long-term studies and the necessity for investigating the metabolic effects of all progestogen contraceptives. PMID- 1248664 TI - In vitro studies of ovulation in the perfused rabbit ovary. AB - A system has been developed for the perfusion of the rabbit ovary in vitro. At laparotomy, the ovarian artery is cannulated and perfused with M 199 tissue culture medium containing insulin and heparin, then removed with its vascular pedicle intact. Perfusion at 37 degrees C is maintained by using a capillary oxygenator and Buchler roller pump. The functional integrity of the perfused ovary is confirmed by serial determinations of the perfusate pH, glucose and lactate concentrations, and by ovarian histology. This in vitro model was used to study the mechanism of ovulation. One group of isolated rabbits received human chorionic gonadotropin (50 IU, intravenously) and, 8 hours later, one ovary was removed and perfused; the contralateral ovary remained in situ, serving as an in vivo control. Serial observations for follicle development and rupture were made over the subsequent 7-hour interval. The occurrence of ovulation in vitro was documented by time-lapse photography. In each animal, comparisons made between the in vitro and in vivo ovary indicated that the rate and time of follicle maturation and ovulation were comparable. Ovulation occurred between 10 and 15 hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin in both preparations. PMID- 1248665 TI - Failure to observe testosterone-induced nucleus-lysosome interaction in rat ventral prostate. AB - The possibility that sex steroids act to promote the association of lysosomes with nuclei was studied by 2 methods in the secretory epithelium of ventral prostate of castrated rats treated with androgens: (a) electron microscopic (EM) examination of intact tissue and (b) study of fresh nuclear suspensions isolated from prostate homogenates using the fluorescing dye acridine orange (AO) and EM. AO-stained particles in nuclear suspensions were found to correspond to either (i) section granules, (ii) primary lysosomes or (iii) heterogenous dense bodies (HDB), considered to be lysosomes. Intact prostate tissue and crude nuclear suspensions were studied in adult rats 3-21 days after castration and in normal rats. Changes in nuclear architecture are evident 8 days or more after castration; the number of HDB increase while secretion granules and primary lysosomes decrease. Whether from prostate of castrated, normal or hormone-treated animals, a small number of the lysosomal HDB or primary lysosomes are seen closely apposed to epithelial cell nuclei. In response to short-term testosterone administration (15 or 60 min) in 10- and 21-day castrate rats, chromatin distribution appears to become more condensed; yet the number of associations of nuclei with lysosomal elements does not change. These studies of androgen action in rat ventral prostate (a classical target organ for the study of androgen action) provide no evidence to support the idea that lysosomal association with, or invasion of, nuclei in target cells is a general feature of sex steroid hormone action. PMID- 1248666 TI - Incorporation of (5-3H) uridine into ribonucleotide pools and RNA during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. AB - Incorporation of [3H] uridine into the ribonucleoside triphosphates UTP and CTP, total RNA, and nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA was followed in Xenopus laevis tadpole liver during thyroxine (T4)-induced metamorphosis. Pool sizes of UTP and CTP were found to remain unchanged, although turnover the ribonucleoside triphosphates was found to be greatly stimulated after 4 days of hormone treatment. The time course of labeling of the 40-S pre-rRNA was very similar to that of UTP in both thyreostatic and T4-treated tadpoles, thus reflecting a direct relationship between turnover of the immediate precursors and labeling of RNA. Although a faster depletion of labeled UTP and pre-rRNA (precursor ribosomal RNA) was noted in T4-treated tadpoles, labeled cytoplasmic rRNA continued to accumulate almost linearly for 25 h. In thyreostatic larvae no further increase in labeled cytoplasmic rRNA occurred beyond 4 h of labeling. From these results we conclude that both enhanced transcription and more effective utilization of pre-rRNA are responsible for the net accumulation of rRNA observed on the 4th day of T4 induced metamorphosis. PMID- 1248667 TI - Inhibition by six somatostatin analogs of plasma growth hormone levels stimulated by thiamylal and morphine in the rat. AB - Administration of sodium thiamylal (50 mg/kg,i.p.) and morphine (3 mg/animal,s.c.) leads to high plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) with a maximum measured approximately 30 min after injection. When the same dose of morphine is administered 60 and 120 min later and small additional doses of thiamylal are injected to maintain the animals deeply anesthetized, constant high levels of plasma GH are maintained up to the last interval studied (3 h). This in vivo model has been used to evaluate the potency and duration of action of somatostatin and of six of its analogs by serial blood sampling of animals bearing a cannula inserted into the right superior vena cava. A significant inhibitory effect of somatostatin (45% inhibition) is observed 15 min after a s.c. injection of 1 mug of the peptide while a near maximal effect (90-95% inhibition) is found at a dose of 25 mug. Both the degree of inhibition and duration of action of somatostatin are dose-dependent. Inhibitory activities equivalent to 1-250 mug of somatostatin can be measured with the model described. [Tyr1] somatostatin, [D-Ala1]somatostatin, [N-acetyl-Cys3] somatostatin and [N benzoyl-Cys3] somatostatin have activities indistinguishable from somatostatin itself while [D-Lys4] somatostatin and [des-amino1, des-carboxy14] somatostatin have approximately 10% the activity of the natural hypothalamic peptide. This in vivo model offers advantageous characteristics of precision and reproducibility for the evaluation of potency of inhibitors of GH release. PMID- 1248668 TI - Neonatal androgenization: effects of responsiveness of ovarian alkaline phosphatase to gonadotropins. AB - Five-day-old female mice were injected subcutaneously with 100 mug of testosterone benzoate in oil, or with oil only. At various ages thereafter, they received either 5 I.U. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) per 10 g body weight or saline only, and were killed 24 h later. Alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in whole ovarian homogenates. Neonatal androgenization failed to affect the early phases of ovarian responsiveness, but selectively abolished both the normal rise in alkaline phosphatase which precedes the onset of puberty and the responsiveness of the enzyme to hCG stimulation at this time. PMID- 1248669 TI - Role of the hypophysis in estrogen-mediated induction of enzymes in the regenerating liver from castrated male rats. AB - Perfusions with corticosterone, of isolated regenerated livers from adult male rats, subjected to castration, partial hepatectomy and hypophysectomy with or without estradiol treatment during parenchymal regeneration, yielded very similar patterns of biliary steroid metabolites. The degree of steroid conjugation was lower than that seen in livers from normal, untreated, adult male rats. In operated animals, with or without estradiol benzoate treatment, ring A-reduced 20 keto metabolites constituted about 20%, whereas metabolites with a 20-hydroxy group made up approximately 80% of the corticosterone metabolites formed. Furthermore, no 15-hydroxylated metabolites derived from corticosterone, quantitatively the most important compounds in bile from female rats, could be detected in bile from these treated male animals. However, livers from male rats which had been castrated, hepatectomized and treated with estradiol benzoate during liver regeneration, produced 15-hydroxy-tetrahydrocorticosterone to the same extent as female rat livers, when perfused with corticosterone. The results obtained indicate that the effects of estradiol on the induction and differentiation of steroid metabolizing enzymes in the regenerating liver are pronounced and manifested only in the presence of an intact hypophysis. PMID- 1248670 TI - Action of hydrocortisone at a translational level in the rat liver. AB - Administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomised rats elevated levels of both free and membrane-bound polysomes in liver and led to marked shifts in their sedimentation profiles in favour of heavier polysomes. The rate of nascent polypeptide formation was also found to be enhanced in response to the hormone but this effect was mainly confined to the site of free polysomes. These results suggest that besides its well-known potentiating action at the transcription level, the hormone elicits selective stimulatory response at the translation level. PMID- 1248671 TI - Florid diabetic retinopathy and its response to treatment by photocoagulation or pituitary ablation. AB - A group of 34 patients with florid diabetic retinopathy are reported. Nine of these had at least one eye untreated and of these only two maintained vision at one year-the others were blind. Ten patients had 11 florid eyes treated by photocoagulation. At one year six were blind and five had good vision. At two years only three could still see. Of 20 pituitary-ablated patients with 29 florid eyes, only three were blind at one year. Even at five years, 12 of 17 eyes could see and only two patients were blind. The one- and two-year visual acuities were significantly better in the pituitary ablated eyes than in the untreated and photocoagulated ones (p = 0.01-0.03). It is suggested that for this rare form of retinopathy pituitary ablation remains the treatment of choice if vision is to be maintained. PMID- 1248672 TI - Interaction of somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin on hepatic glucose output in the normal dog. AB - The interaction of insulin and glucagon during infusion of somatostatin (SRIF), which suppresses secretion of these hormones, was investigated in normal, postabsorptive, concious dogs. Hepatic glucose output (production) and over-all glucose uptake by the tissues was measured with 3-3H-glucose, administered by a priming injection along with a constant infusion. Infusion of SRIF (1.5-5.0 mug/min) for 90 minutes resulted in a moderate hypoglycemia associated with a decrease in glucose production. In some animals glucose production and plasma glucose levels returned to normal before the end of SRIF infusion. Glucose uptake tended to follow plasma glucose levels. Upon termination of SRIF infusion, glucose production and uptake and plasma glucose increased sharply. PMID- 1248673 TI - Prevalence of diabetes in Michigan school-age children. AB - A mail survey of Michigan school districts elicited information of 2,816 children and adolescents with diabetes, a rate of 1.6 per 1,000. Rates were higher for females than males and for whites than non-whites and increased with advancing age. A total of 15.5 per cent were reported to be not receiving insulin by injection. PMID- 1248674 TI - Metabolism of forearm tissues in man. Studies with glucagon. AB - The role of glucagon in regulating peripheral tissue metabolism in man was assessed in the present studies. To do this, glucagon was infused for two hours into the brachial artery to produce a high but physiologic increment in the glucagon content of arterial blood supplying ipsilateral tissues. Metabolic effects on muscle and on subcutaneous adipose tissue plus skin were sought in seven overnight-fasting subjects and seven subjects starved briefly (60 hours). In the overnight-fasted group the infusion increased bassl glucagon concentration by 1,216 pg./ml. but was without effect on forearm tissue metabolism of glucose, lactate,glycerol, or amino acids. Starvation significantly reduced basal insulin (11.0 to 7.4 muU./ml.) and increased endogenous glucagon (116 to 134 pg./ml.). Basally, there was substantial ketone utilization and a decrease in glucose consumption by both muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue plus skin. The glucagon infusion increased basal glucagon by 784 pg./ml. Muscle balances of glucose, lactate, acetoacetate, amino acids, and glycerol were unaffected. The metabolism of glucose, lactate, acetoacetate, glycerol, and free fatty acids by subcutaneous adipose tissue plus skin was also unchanged. It is concluded that physiologic increments of glucagon lasting two hours are without effect on forearm tissues in overnight-fasted and briefly starved man. PMID- 1248675 TI - Continuous extracorporeal monitoring of animal blood using the glucose electrode. AB - A continuous extracorporeal monitoring system for blood glucose employing an electrochemical sensor is described. The sensor, about the size of a nickel, is rapid, is specific for glucose, generates its own power, and consists of two galvanic oxygen electrodes. Over one oxygen electrode is affixed a plastic matrix to which glucose oxidase is covalently bound; a blank matrix is over the other, which serves as a reference. Oxygen is consumed in the glucose-oxidase-containing matrix, decreasing the current from the underlying oxygen electrode. The current decrease is nonlinearly proportional to the glucose concentration. The sensor is clamped between small blocks of plastic fitted with inlet and outlet nipples so that blood pumped from the animal passes over the two electrodes and thence to an automated chemical analysis for comparison. Blood is collected and anticoagulant added in a double-lumen catheter. Blood is withdrawn at the rate of 1 cc. per hour. Results obtained by use of the system in rabbits are reported. The capacity of the system to continuously monitor changes in blood glucose produced by repeated glucose tolerances is shown in hypo-, normo-, and hyperglycemic animals. Some properties of the system and its calibration are discussed. PMID- 1248676 TI - Saline lavage: a rapid, effective, and acceptable method for cleansing the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The standard preparation for cleansing the gastrointestinal tract for diagnostic studies such as barium enema usually involves dietary restrictions, purgatives, and cleansing enemas. This preparation is time consuming, often uncomfortable for the patient, and frequently unsuccessful. In this study, we examined the efficacy of saline lavage (without dietary restrictions or cleansing enemas) as a gentle, alternative method for cleansing the bowel, and compared lavage to the standard castor oil method of bowel preparation. Lavage cleansing was preferred by 75% of patients who had previously experienced a castor oil preparation. Although 11% of patients could not consume an adequate (4-liter) lavage volume, there was no significant difference in preparation success rate between the remaining lavage patients and the castor oil patients. Total preparation time for lavage (3 +/- 1 hr) was 60% less than for castor oil. The anticipated dehydration produced by castor oil and the hydration produced by lavage were confirmed. No significant changes were noted, however, in serum electrolytes with either method of preparation. Additional early studies are promising for the lavage method when used in inflammatory bowel disease patients and as a cleansing preparation for colonoscopy. PMID- 1248677 TI - Psychiatric illness and the irritable bowel syndrome. Practical implications for the primary physician. AB - Twenty-nine consecutive outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome were given structured psychiatric interviews, as were 33 consecutive medical controls who did not have irritable bowel syndrome. All were from an internal medicine group practice. Seventy-two percent of irritable bowel syndrome subjects had psychiatric illness, with hysteria and depression the most prevalent syndromes. Only 18% of controls had psychiatric illness. The primary physician made an accurate psychiatric assessment in only 28% of the subjects. An awareness of his patient's psychiatric illness is necessary for the physician to provide effective treatment, as for depression, and to spare the patient needless medications, hospitalizations, and surgery, as with hysteria. PMID- 1248678 TI - The radiological demonstraction of colorectal polyps undetected by endoscopy. AB - In a consecutive series of 800 routine double contrast studies of the colon, 119 polyps were diagnosed radiologically in 78 patients. Follow-up studies were available in 46 patients with 72 polyps. Ultimately, 56 of these polyps were confirmed (55 by endoscopy and 1 by repeat radiology). Six of these polyps had been missed on the initial endoscopic examination. The missed polyps are usually located in the rectum behind a valve of Houston or in any area of the colon where there is sharp angulation. Radiologists and endoscopists should be aware of these as potential endoscopic blind spots. These cases illustrate the importance of higg quality radiological study of the colon and the complementary nature of radiology and endoscopy in the detection of colorectal polyps. PMID- 1248679 TI - The effect of acute hyperglycemia on meal-stimulated gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion, and serum gastrin. AB - The effects of hyperglycemia on pancreatic, biliary, and gastric secretory responses to meals have not been hitherto quantified in man. In the present study seven normal volunteers were fed on two occasions a 500-ml liquid test meal containing fat and protein. During one of the meals the subjects were made acutely hyperglycemic with intravenous glucose, whereas in control experiments, each subject received intravenous saline in place of glucose. A jejunal perfusion method was used to measure pancreatic outputs of trypsin and biliary outputs of bile salts for 150 min after the meal; the same method was used to quantify indirectly the amount of acid secreted by the stomach in the 150-min period. Serum gastrins were also measured basally and at intervals after the meal. Hyperglycemia suppressed serum gastrin, gastric acid production, trypsin secretion, and bile salt output in response to the test meal. PMID- 1248680 TI - Absorption of short chain fatty acids from the human jejunum. AB - Jejunal absorption of acetate, propionate, and butyrate--the three predominant short chain fatty acids (SCFA's) in small and large intestinal contents--was studied in 5 volunteer subjects. A triple-lumen perfusion technique was employed; the test solutions were isotonic and contained 0, 5, 10, 25, 40, or 50 mM of a SCFA as the sodium salt. Intermittent secretion of small amounts of acetate and butyrate occurred during 3 of 15 control perfusion periods, and the concentrations measured in intestinal samples exceeded those reported for circulating plasma. The three SCFA's were absorbed rapidly and at equal rates. Absorption rates rose in apparently linear fashion with the mean concentration in the study segment (up to 20 mM) but reached saturation at the higher concentrations present in the mixing segment. Water and sodium absorption increased slightly during butyrate absorption. The flow rate of fasting intestinal contents did not increase during SCFA perfusion. SCFA's are readily absorbed and do not exert a diarrheogenic effect in the normal human jejunum. PMID- 1248681 TI - Effects of alcohol on ion transport by isolated gastric and esophageal mucosa. AB - The effects of ethyl alcohol, 20%, were measured on steady state rates of ion transport by isolated mucosa. Luminal, but not serosal, addition of alcohol altered ion transport. Alcohol caused a sustained reduction in apparent basal acid secretion by fundic mucosa. These tissues were resistant to ordinarily effective stimulants of acid secretion (histamine, theophyline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and gastrin) by rabbit mucosa. Across antral mucosa, net Na transport was inhibited, and net Cl transport was reduced in the presence of alcohol. The unidirectional fluxes of both ions were increased as was permeability to erythritol. These effects of alcohol did not require the presence of acid in the lumen. The rate of luminal acid loss by antrum was increased by alcohol. Addition of ouabain alone, which inhibits net Na and Cl transport, did not alter the rate of luminal acid loss by antrum. Alcohol, however, still increased the rate of luminal acid loss by antral mucosa treated with ouabain. Alcohol reduced the electrical resistance of fundic and antral mucosa but had no effect on the rate of luminal acid loss or electrical resistance of esophageal mucosa. Luminal application of alcohol inhibits active ion transport in addition to increasing cation and anion permeability. However, inhibition of active transport per se is not necessarily associated with an increase in mucosal permeability. PMID- 1248682 TI - Gastric pacemakers. AB - Gastric electrical control activity (ECA) controls the sequence of occurrence of contractions in the gastric wall. Normally, the direction of phase lag among control waves is aborad, and hence a ring of contraction originates in the corpus and moves distally. This study was undertaken to determine if a reversal in the direction of phase lag among control waves by an electronic pacemaker surgically implanted near the pylorus in dogs would reverse the sequence of contractions and hence delay gastric emptying. Electrical stimulation was applied at 5.8 to 6.0 pulses per min, 50 to 80-msec pulse width, and 10 to 14-v pulse amplitude. Liquid gastric emptying was measured by introducing 400 to 600 ml of phenol red or phenol red plus barium sulfate by a nasogastric tube through an esophagostomy into the stomach and withdrawing the remainder after 5- and 15-min periods. Solid emptying was measured by means of radiological image intensifier observation of the gastric emptying of small barium-filled balls. The study shows that an electronic pacemaker implanted in the antrum reverses the normal aborad direction of movement of contractions and delays the gastric emptying of both liquid and solid meals. PMID- 1248683 TI - The potential role of protein in the absorption of fat. AB - Stabilization of triglyceride emulsions by proteins was studied in vitro using either chemical or optical methods to measure to amount of fat emulsified under standard conditions of emulsification. Concentrations, pH, and degree of digestion of protein emulsifiers were varied to determine how such manipulations affected emulsion stabilization. Proteins from endogenous as well as exogenous sources were capable of stabilizing triglyceride emulsions, and this effect varied with protein concentration. Peptic digests of a prototype protein retained the efficacy of the undigested protein, while further digestion of the protein in pancreatic proteases decreased, but did not abolish, the emulsifying power of the protein. Emulsion stabilization by peptic digests of protein still persisted despite alterations in pH from 1 to 7. Such emulsions were capable of being hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase and could be absorbed from the gut of bile deficient rats. These emulsions also speed the initial rates of fat absorption from animals with an intact bile supply. We conclude that stabilization of luminal emulsions by dietary or endogenous protein may facilitate fat absorption similar to the way that detergent-stabilized emulsions have been previously shown to have these effects. PMID- 1248684 TI - The biliary system in primary biliary cirrhosis. A study by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiograms from 23 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 10 controls with either normal livers or hepatocellular disease, and 4 patients with sclerosing cholangitis, were compared. Of the PBC group, 39% had gallstones. The calibers of the common bile duct and left and right intrahepatic ducts were comparable in the PBC and control groups. The small intrahepatic ducts, while normal in the control group were abnormal in 7 of the 23 PBC patients. These small ducts were irregular in caliber and had a tortuous course. The changes were not related to the presence of gallstones or the duration of the disease, but all the patients had histologically proven cirrhosis. Two patients with cirrhosis had normal intrahepatic ducts. We conclude that whereas the major bile ducts are normal in PBC, there is a high incidence of gallstones (39%), and the changes that do occur in the intrahepatic ducts are probably related to the distorted hepatic architecture due to cirrhosis and may be used as a sign that cirrhosis has supervened. PMID- 1248686 TI - Selective hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of 35S-sulfobromophthalein in marine elasmobranchs. AB - The hepatic metabolism of 35S-sulfobromophthalein was studied in the free swimming Elasmobranchs, Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish shark) and Raja erinacea (small skate), to evaluate the physiological significance of biliary excretion of organic anions in marine vertebrates. Twenty-four hours after intra-arterial injection, 85.8 +/- 15.7% of the administered dose was recovered in bile and liver in dogfish and 78.4 +/- 9.9% in skates. More than 85% of BSP in bile was in unconjugated form in both species. Furthermore, selective hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of 35S-sulfobromophthalein occurred despite very little specific binding protein (Ligandin). These studies demonstrate that transport systems for biliary excretion of organic anions evolved before migration of marine life from the sea and independent of conjugation and organic anion binding proteins which facilitate biliary excretion of compounds such as 35S sulfobromophthalein in higher vertebrates. PMID- 1248685 TI - Reduction of gastric ammonia by ampicillin in normal and azotemic subjects. AB - Ampicillin was tested with regards to its capacity to reduce gastric ammonia production in basal and betazole-stimulated gastric secretion. A 7-day course of oral ampicillin (4 g per day) reduced basal gastric ammonia concentration from 5.5 +/- 1.4 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 mM and postbetazole ammonia from 4.7 +/- 0.9 to 1.3 +/ 0.3 mM (P less than 0.01) in 7 control subjects. Similar results were obtained after oral neomycin (4 g per day) or intramuscular ampicillin (4 g per day), each given to a separate group of 7 control subjects. In 5 azotemic patients, oral ampicillin treatment resulted in a reduction of ammonia concentration from 16.3 +/- 4.7 to 3.1 +/- 0.7 mM in basal secretion and from 18.3 +/- 8.1 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 mM in betazole-stimulated gastric juice (P less than 0.01). Antibiotic therapy did not alter volume of gastric secretion. Gastric acidity appeared lower in azotemic patients and increased significantly after treatment, indicating that the higher ammonia content could account for at least part of the hypoacidity. Because ampicillin is active orally as well as parenterally and can be readily used in renal failure, it may be of value for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, especially in the azotemic patient in whom neomycin is toxic. PMID- 1248687 TI - Menetrier's Disease. Serial morphological, secretory, and serological observations. AB - Serial morphological, secretory, and serological observations of a patient with Menetrier's disease disclosed hypergastrinemia, antibodies to parietal cells and dietary substances, and an acute reduction of gastrointestinal protein loss after atropine administration. Transformation of the gastric mucosa from hypertrophy to atrophic gastritis was associated with disappearance of the protein-losing gastroenteropathy and serum antibodies and reduction of the serum gastrin concentration. PMID- 1248688 TI - Acute dilation of the colon in malignant lymphoma. AB - Acute dilatation of the colon with signs of systemic toxicity developed in an elderly man with malignant lymphoma. Although barium contrast X-rays taken previously were interpreted as consistent with granulomatous colitis, rectal biopsy had revealed features characteristic of malignant lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type. Bone marrow and lymph nodes were also involved. The onset of dilatation was temporally related to therapy with opiates and anticholinergics, and the acute episode was resolved with nasogastric suction, intravenous fluids, albumin, and antibiotics. PMID- 1248689 TI - Pneumatic ileal perforation: an unusual complication of colonoscopy. AB - Pneumatic perforation of the bowel is a rare complication of colonoscopy. Pneumatic ileal perforation complicating this procedure has not been reported. We describe a case of pneumatic ileal perforation during colonoscopy in an elderly lady who also had adhesions from previous abdominal surgery. A relative lack of symptomatology, the finding of a clean ileal perforation at surgery, and a benign postoperative period characterized her course. Possible etiological factors are discussed with reference to the literature dealing with intraluminal pressures in the bowel. Pressure much higher than the physiological pressure is likely to be reached during colonoscopy, with reflux of air across the ileocecal sphincter acting as a safety mechanism. Bursting pressures differ for different layers of the bowel and from segment to segment. This report calls attention to certain risk factors which might lead to a remote perforation during colonoscopy. PMID- 1248690 TI - The clean colon. PMID- 1248691 TI - Letter: On persistent hypotension in primary amyloidosis. PMID- 1248692 TI - Letter: Incidence of Crohn's disease. PMID- 1248693 TI - Letter: Is hepatic abscess a contraindication to percutaneous liver biopsy? PMID- 1248694 TI - Letter: Sterilization of endoscopes. PMID- 1248695 TI - Gastroesophageal (GE) scintiscanning to detect and quantitate GE reflux. AB - To evaluate the gastroesophageal (GE) scintiscan, a technique which detects and quantitates GE reflux, 30 patients with heartburn and a positive acid-reflux test and 20 normal control subjects were studied. Conventional diagnostic tests including barium esophagography, fluoroscopy, esophagogastroscopy, esophageal biopsy, acid perfusion testing, and esophageal manometry were performed on each patient with GE reflux. None of these techniques was sufficiently sensitive in detecting GE reflux. In contrast, GE reflux was visualized by scintiscanning in 27 out of 30 (90%) of patients. The GE reflux index was significantly greater in reflux patients, 11.7 +/- 1.8%, compared to controls 2.7 +/- 0.3%. These studies suggest that GE scintiscanning can detect GE reflux accurately, rapidly, noninvasively, and with greater sensitivity than other diagnostic techniques. In addition, it can be employed to quantitate GE reflux. PMID- 1248696 TI - Serum group I pepsinogen levels and their relation to gastric acid secretion in patients with and without recurrent ulcer. AB - Serum group I pepsinogen (PG I) levels have been determined by radioimmunoassay in 15 patients without, recurrent ulcer after vagotomy and either a gastric resection or a drainage procedure. The mean (+/-SE) levels were 151.8 +/- 16.9 ng per ml in the patients with recurrent ulcer and 79.7 +/- 9.8 ng per ml in those without recurrence (P less than 0.001). A recurrent ulcer was present in 6 of 7 patients with an elevated serum PGI (greater than 175 ng per ml) but not in any of 10 patients with a low serum PGI (less than 50 ng per ml). The correlation between serum PG I and peak acid output (PAO) was statistically significant in patients with recurrent ulcer (pi=0.815, P less than 0.001) and in those without recurrence (r= 0.540, P less than 0.025). In patients with recurrent ulcer, a serum PG I level within the normal range (50 to 175 ng per ml) was uniformly associated with a PAO of more than 10 mEq per hr. In contrast, of 10 patients without recurrent ulcer and a normal serum PG I, eight had a PAO of less than 10 mEq per hr. The reason for the discordant results in the two groups of patients is not certain. PMID- 1248697 TI - Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A study of 10,000 cases. AB - Of 402 United States owners of side-viewing duodenoscopes surveyed, 222 (55%) responded, reporting 10,435 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograms. Procedure failed occurred in 30%, complications in 3%, and death in 0.2%. Complications included pancreatitis, cholangitis, pancreatic sepsis, instrumental injury to the gastrointestinal tract, and drug reactions. Pancreatitis was associated with injection into the pancreatic duct, sepsis with injection into an obstructed duct or pseudocyst, and injury with abnormal gastroduodenal anatomy. Experienced workers had a 15% incidence of complications, whereas inexperience gave 4 times the failures (62%) and twice the complications (7%). The causes of complications and their prevention are discussed. PMID- 1248698 TI - Effects of ricinoleic and oleic acids on the digestive contractile activity of the canine small and large bowel. AB - Oleic and ricinoleic acids or their trans isomers, elaidic and ricinelaidic acids, were administered intraduodenally and evaluated for their effects on the digestive motor activity of the canine small and large bowel. Four dogs of mixed breed were implanted with duodenal cannulas and extraluminal strain gage transducers along the circular axis of the proximal and mid-jejunum, terminal ileum, and proximal colon. After feeding 200 g of canned dog food to induce continuous contractile activil of isotonic saline was given into the duodenum as a single bolus infusion and recordings were made for a 1-hr period. A 30-ml volume of saline served as control. Administration of each cis fatty acid produced an initial stimulation in jejunal areas of about a 2-min duration followed by a post-stimulatory inhibition. Both the initial stimulation and post stimulatory inhibition were greater for ricinoleic acid than for oleic acid. Minimal or no effects were produced in ileal or colonic areas. In contrast, the trans isomers produced little or no effect on either the small or large bowel. Alterations in the digestive contractile patterns produced by oral administration of 10 ml of oleic, ricinoleic acid or their respective triglycerides were also tested. Triolein had no effects. Ricinoleic acid and castor oil poduced a brief initial stimulation followed by polonged inhibition of small bowel motor activity. Both cathartics had a mild laxative effect. Digestive motor patterns returned to control approximately 45 min after oleic acid. There was no indication at any time of an initiation of continuous contractile activity after ricinoleic acid or castor oil which could justify the use of the terms irritant of stimulant to describe their actions. PMID- 1248699 TI - Billiary lecithin secretion. II. Effects of dietary choline and biliary lecithin synthesis. AB - Choline which is absorbed from the intestine isne produced no change in bile salt pool size or secretion rate. However, with each increment in dietary choline, biliary lecithin as well as cholesterol secretion rates were significantly increased. The results demonstrate that although bile salt is required for biliary lecithin secretion, the magnitude of secretion is principally dependent upon the extent of biliary lecithin synthesis, which in turn may be regulated by the amount of dietary choline. Results further indicate that biliary cholesterol secretion is more closely linked to lecithin than to bile salt secretion. These findings would therefore suggest that lecithin secretion might be independently manipulated when bile salt is deficient to achieve enhanced biliary cholesterol transport. PMID- 1248700 TI - A therapeutic index (scoring system) for the evaluation of operations for peptic ulcer. PMID- 1248701 TI - Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. AB - Needing a single index of degree of illness in Crohn's disease, the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study group collected data prospectively from 187 visits of 112 patients with Crohn's disease of the small bowel, colon, or both. Information on 18 predictor variables was gathered at each visit. In addition, the attending physician rated his over-all evaluation of how well the patient was doing and compared the patient's status with that at the previous visit. A multiple regression computer program was utilized to derive an equation for prediction of the physician's over-all ratings from a subset of the predictor variables fulfilling a combination of constraints. This equation, numerically simplified and utilizing eight selected variables, is the Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Index values of 150 and below are associated with quiescent disease; values above that indicate active disease, and values above 450 are seen with extremely severe disease. PMID- 1248702 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Multiple revisitations. PMID- 1248704 TI - Letter: Gastric secretion during sleep. PMID- 1248703 TI - Letter: A further look at laxatives. PMID- 1248705 TI - Letter: 150 enzymes of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 1248706 TI - Letter: Duodenal ulcer in rats. PMID- 1248707 TI - Serum lysozyme in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Serum lysozyme activity was measured in 18 patients with ulcerative colitis and 40 patients with Crohn's disease by both the turbidimetric and lysoplate method. Only one patient with ulcerative colitis and eight patients with Crohn's disease had increased serum lysozyme activity by either or both methods. Both methods appeared equally sensitive in detecting increased serum lysozyme activity. In Crohn's disease, the percent with elevated values increased with increase in disease activity. PMID- 1248708 TI - Catecholamine-containing nerve fibres in the human abdominal vagus. AB - The vagal nerve of man has been investigated for the presence of adrenergic nerve fibres using the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and Falck. Following 30-60 min of nerve ligation during surgical operations, the right anterior main trunk (subdiafragmatic level) from one patient, and the anterior nerve of Latarget of 5 patients were found to contain unmyelinated nerve fibres with accumulations of green fluorescent material representing a catecholamine. The observations indicate the presence of adrenergic nerve fibres running caudally in the human vagal nerve, in accordance with similar findings in other mammals, e.g. cats and dogs. PMID- 1248709 TI - Studies with metiamide in the prevention of duodenal ulceration in the rat. PMID- 1248710 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of gastroscopic biopsies. PMID- 1248711 TI - The relative application of endoscopy and other diagnostic methods in achalasia. PMID- 1248712 TI - Endoscopic retrograde intrahepatic cholangiography in liver diseases. PMID- 1248713 TI - An improved choledochofiberscope and non-surgical removal of retained biliary calculi under direct visual control. PMID- 1248714 TI - Radiographic survey for extraluminal air following gastrointestinal tract fiberendoscopy. PMID- 1248715 TI - Can gastrointestinal endoscopy transmit hepatitis B to patients? PMID- 1248717 TI - Mallory-Weiss syndrome occurring as a complication of endoscopy. PMID- 1248716 TI - Endoscopic recognition of duodenal ulcer penetrating to the liver. PMID- 1248718 TI - Endoscopic polypectomy from the afferent duodenal loop. PMID- 1248719 TI - Endoscopic appendectomy. PMID- 1248720 TI - Systemic absorption of contrast agent during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 1248721 TI - A consent form for informed consent. PMID- 1248722 TI - Letter: Endoscopy shield and instrument holder (ESIH) provides modality of convenience and protection during procedures. PMID- 1248723 TI - [Is maternal mortality today still a problem? (Results of the statistics for the federal state of Hamburg from 1968 to 1972) (author's transl)]. AB - This is the fourth review on the maternal mortality and obstetrics in the federal state of Hamburg comprising, this time, the years 1968 to 1972. 70 cases of maternal mortality are described classified, and discussed. All cases of maternal death with a temporal relationship to pregnancy, labour and delivery and puerperium were analyzed individually. There were 70 maternal deaths in 113, 564 deliveries. 10 or 8.8/100,000 cases were due to embolism. 1 or 0.9/100,000 cases were due to amniotic fluid embolism. 10 or 8.8/100,000 cases were due to infection. 9 or 7.9/100,000 cases were due to hemorrhage. 8 or 7.0/100,000 cases were due to toxemia of pregnancy. 5 or 4.4/100,000 cases were due to criminal abortions. 1 or 0.9/100,000 cases were due to chorio-carcinoma and 26 or 23/100,000 cases were due to non-obstetric causes. Our experience over many years shows that maternal mortality, stillbirth and death during the first year of life should be considered an epidemiologic entity. PMID- 1248724 TI - [Bilateral radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast of the stages T0 and T1 (N0, M0) and mammoplasty of both breasts, areola and nipples in a single operation (author's transl)]. AB - Bilateral radical mastectomy and concomitant mammoplasty is a new operative procedure for the treatment of carcinoma of the breast in the stages T0 and the small T1, N0, M0. The advantage of the procedure is the increased extent of the operation, the improved cosmetic result and the single stage of the procedure. Consequently the cure rate is improved and the psychic trauma to the patient is decreased. The operation is more radical since the so-called healthy breast is operated first, including axillary lymphadenectomy and subsequent mammoplasty followed by the same procedure on the so-called diseased breast. If the pectoral muscles are involved, a conventional radical mastectomy has to be done. The diagnosis is made by excisional biopsy and frozen section microscopy. The cosmetic result is improved because both breasts are subjected to the same operation, and lateral differences in shape, volume and consistency of the breasts are eliminated. Cylastic prostheses are inserted as new breasts usually sub-pectorally and rarely subcutaneously. The nipples are surgically reconstructed and pigmented by tattooing. The advantage of this single stage procedure is a single general anaesthesia and less psychic trauma since the patient goes to sleep with the knowledge of waking up with two breasts even though endoprothetic breasts. Post-operative radiotherapy can be applied with the prostheses in place. The principle of cure before cosmetics is preserved. Radical operation of the so-called healthy side is justified because of the above mentioned cosmetic advantages and the 25% incidence of primary or metastatic cancer of the so-called healthy side. The post-operative care of women with a bilateral operation is not a problem since no more breast tissue is left behind. Orthopedic complaints which can occur because of macromastia of the remaining breast are also eliminated. PMID- 1248725 TI - [Life threatening infection with bacteroides fragilis in connection with Dalkon shield (author's transl)]. AB - A case of severe peritonitis in connection with the application of a Dalkon Shield is reported. By culturing the peritoneal exsudate a monoculture of Bacteroides fragilis was found as causing agens. The general aspects of severe infection in connection with IUD, particularly the Dalkon Shield, are discussed. By analysing the reports in the literature it cannot be ruled out, that Bacteroides fragilis may to be a major factor in cases with lethal outcome. PMID- 1248726 TI - [A comparison between so-called triple-diagnosis and surgical biopsy in diagnosis of the female breast (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison of 265 cases of tripel-diagnosis and 112 surgical biopsies of the female breast is reported. In 89,83% of these 265 cases the correct diagnosis was found, in 9,43% the result was doubtful, in 0,75% completely wrong. In 3,77% of these doubtful results the repetition of the tripel-diagnosis gave the correct diagnosis, in 4,15% surgical biopsy we found 2,68% wrong diagnosis. This fact shows the certainty of tripel-diagnosis. In addition the highly significant lower rate of complications, the avoidance of the risk of narcosis and scars and the lower amount of costs show the high clinical value of the so-called tripel diagnosis. PMID- 1248727 TI - [Indications and results of antenatal karyotyping (author's transl)]. AB - From 1972 to 1975, 64 genetic amniocenteses and 72 cell cultures from amniotic fluids were done for antenatal karyotyping. In 3 cases a therapeutic abortion for genetic indication was carried out. The indications for antenatal karyotyping, the technique and complications of genetic amniocentesis in early pregnancy and the methods of cell cultures of amniotic fluid are discussed. A compilation of the results of 1918 antenatal karyotypings reported in the literature shows the following probability for the presence of an unbalanced chromosomal anomaly in the fetus: in mothers over age 40 4.25%, in mothers age 35-39, 1.45%, in cases with trisomy-21 in a previous sibling 0.73%, in cases with balanced chromosomal anomalies in the parents, 15.2%. In the next few years an increase of antenatal karyotyping in the different risk groups can be expected. In the individual case the indication for genetic amniocentesis must be balanced against the risk of complications. PMID- 1248728 TI - [Do cytological criteria exist to determine the correct technique of a cytosmear of the uterine cervix? (author's transl)]. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence or absence of endocervical and/or metaplastic cells in a pap smear from the uterine cervix is indicative that the smear has been obtained from the correct location. Cytosmears from positive cytological findings were compared with cytosmears from correct negative and false negative findings for the presence of endocervical and/or metaplastic cell types. It was found that smears with positive findings showed no endocervical and or metaplastic cells in 25-30% of the cases of carcinoma in situ or dysplasia and in 75% of the cases of invasive carcinoma. False negative smears contained endocervical and/or metaplastic cells in 50% of the cases, although no atypical or dyskaryotic cells were detectable. The presence or absence of endocervical and/or metaplastic cell types in a cytosmear from the uterine cervix is therefore no indication that the smear has been taken from the correct location. PMID- 1248729 TI - [Birth after a chorionepitheliom with pulmonary metastasis (author's transl)]. AB - We report about a woman, 20 years old, who get a chorionepitheliom with pulmonary metastasis. We treated not by operation but by cytostatics Methotrexat and Actinomycin D over 40 days. The remission of the tumor was significant but accompanied by considerable toxic sideeffects.--18 months after this, we finished a new pregnancy by sectio caesarea without any complications for wife or child. PMID- 1248730 TI - [Pregnancy and fetal outcome after cessation of oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - In a total of 4149 prenatal patients there were 849 patients who became pregnant following the cessation of the use of oral contraceptives. Results were compared with pregnancies of a similar series of 1000 patients who never had employed contraceptive steroids. Comparison shows a lower incidence of abortion of 5,6% in the oral contraceptive group, compared with 9,2% among the control group. Results show also a lower incidence of toxemia. The incidence of obstetrical surgery was a little higher than in the control group. The incidence of premature birth, perinatal mortality, congenital anomalies, the frequency of twins and of asphyxia neonatorum were similar in both groups. A special group of 107 pregnancies occurring immediatly after cessation of the pill shows no higher risks in pregnancy, during birth or with regard to fetal outcome. An exception is made by the incidence of premature birth that was in this special group 8,8% compared with 5,4% among the control group. PMID- 1248731 TI - [Aspects to birth control (author's transl)]. AB - From 1964, the year with the highest new born rate since 1945, until 1972, the number of births in the BRD was reduced for 34%. Simultaneously, the birth rate of women between 20 and 30 years was decreased for a third. Presently, the average age of half of the women who deliver their first or second child is over 30 years. While on the one hand there are investigations on the practical experiences which are hidden behind the obvious "one child effect", it would be, on the other hand, dangerous, to lay out a demographic "production policy" which shows no interest in economy. In birth-control, biotic-private individual foundations are variable elements; social values, however, are non individual objectives [corrected] with temporal relatively great constancy. The splitting of these elements is, in the 20th century, tracing back with violent actuality to the original big line of Malthus and Darwin, which is to maintain sufficient scope for nourishment and reproduction to the human world with its vegetable and animal life. This concerns industrial and development countries as well. The challenge is to line out acceptable ideas for the solution of the Circulus vitiosus, based on statistical data, on socio-philosophic understandings which have to be worked out yet and on common sense. PMID- 1248732 TI - [The psychological results of tubal ligation as definitive method of contraception (author's transl)]. AB - The cases of tubal ligation at the University Department of Tubingen and the University Department of Giessen during the last few years were reviewed. In most cases the psychological results of the procedure is positive and results in an improved partner relationship in most cases, provided that the procedure was the result of a mature decision by the couple. Tubal ligation in the puerperium is more favorable than in conjunction with the Caesarean Section. Interval sterilization shows the best results. A thorough discussion by the physician and if possible a psychological discussion should take place prior to the tubal ligation since both are important aids in the decision. The social indication should be clearly defined and the responsibility of the couple should be emphasized. A well defined and documented task for the clinical practice of prior physician and psychological discussion of tubal ligation is the basis of a present prospective study at the University Department for Women in Tubingen which is designed to show the positive psychological effects on the couple. PMID- 1248733 TI - Multilocus behavior in random environments. I. Random Levene models. AB - In this paper the consequences of natural selection acting on several loci simultaneously in a spatially fluctuating environment are described. The fitnesses of the genotypes are assumed to be additive both within and between loci. The environment is assumed to be made up of a very large (effectively infinite) number of patches in which fitnesses are assigned at random. The resulting deterministic model is called a Random Levene Model and its properties are approximate by a system of differential equations. The main equilibrium properites are that (1) the linkage disequilibrium is zero and (2) the correlations in fitness between alleles at different loci are the principle determinants of the dynamic inter-locus interactions. Although there is no epistasis as conventionally defined, the equilibrium state at the two loci are highly interdependent, the governing principle being that two alleles at different loci whose fitness are negatively correlated across environments have a higher overall fitness due to the reduction in their variance in fitness through the negative correlation. When a large number of loci are considered, they naturally fall into correlation groupings which lead to an enhanced likelihood for polymorphism over that predicted by single-locus theory. PMID- 1248734 TI - On inverted repeat sequences in chromosomal DNA. AB - It is suggested that chromosomal DNA should contain a class of palindromic reverse repeats, comparable in number to that of genes themselves, which are formed as follows:(1) a transcription-termination signal that follows the gene plus (on the complementary strand and located as near to the "anti-gene" as possible); (2) a second termination signal which actively prevents the accidental transcription of the anti-gene. Thus, the adjacent termination-anti-termination region of one strand would complement the anti-termination-termination region of the other. PMID- 1248735 TI - Linkage analysis of the multilocus glucosephosphate isomerase isozyme system in sunfish (Centrarchidae, Teleostii). AB - The purpose of the present investigation is to determine whether the two duplicated glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) loci Gpi-A and Gpi-B reside on the same chromosome in teleostean fishes. Interspecific sunfish hybrids were employed for the cross because of the different species-specific electrophoretic mobilities of the allelic isozymes at each GPI locus and because of their genomic compatibility. F1 sunfish hybrids, formed from a male warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) X female green sunfish (L. cyanellus) cross, were mated to form the F2 generation. The number of each of the nine different isozyme phenotypes, revealed by starch gel electrophoresis, was determined using 256 F2 individuals. The high frequency of recombinant phenotypes in the F2 generation indicated that the two GPI loci are not linked. An excess of F2 individuals heterozygous at both loci was observed and is interpreted as being caused by heterosis. The absence of linkage for the homologous loci encoding GPI subunits and for other multilocus isozyme systems is consistent with the postulate that the genomes of present-day vertebrates arose through one or more polyploidization events early in vertebrate evolution. PMID- 1248736 TI - Polymorphism for dimerizing ability at the esterase-5 locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura. AB - Three new alleles are reported at the esterase-5 locus of Drosophila pseudoobscura. All three of these alleles are different from those previously reported in their ability to dimerize. One allele will not form heterodimers or homodimers and exists only as a monomer. A second allele does form heterodimers but will not form homodimers. The third allele forms both hetero- and homodimers as well as forming monomers. Estimates of the frequency of these alleles in a natural population are given. The existence of these is discussed with respect to recently proposed models for a molecular mechanism for heterosis. PMID- 1248737 TI - Two-way selection for growth rate in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) AB - The domesticated European carp was subjected to a two-way selection for growth rate. Five generations of mall selection for faster growth rate did not yield any response, but subsequent selection between groups (families) resulted in considerable progress while maintaining a large genetic variance. Selection for slow growth rate yielded relatively strong response for the first three generations. Random-bred control lines suffered from strong inbreeding depression and when two lines were crossed, the F1 showed a high degree of heterosis. Selection was performed on pond-raised fish, but growth rate was also tested in cages. A strong pond-cage genetic interaction was found. A theoretical explanation was suggested involving overdominance for fast growth rate and amplification through competition of intra-group but not inter-group variation. PMID- 1248738 TI - Aging in 2025: telling it like it's going to be. PMID- 1248739 TI - An assortment of fitness programs for the unconditioned retiree. PMID- 1248740 TI - Why do we grow old? PMID- 1248741 TI - How do mental health and aging affect each other? New center will encourage search for answers. PMID- 1248742 TI - When esophageal carcinoma is obscured by other factors. PMID- 1248743 TI - Role of the acute hospital team in planning discharge of the chronically ill. PMID- 1248744 TI - Lacunar infarction: a neglected concept. PMID- 1248745 TI - When visual disturbances are linked to neurologic disorders. PMID- 1248746 TI - Understanding and helping dying patients and their families. PMID- 1248747 TI - Total joint replacement: achievements and expectations. Part 1. Introduction: putting the pieces together. PMID- 1248748 TI - The biomechanics of total joint replacement surgery. PMID- 1248749 TI - Superiority of total hip replacement arthroplasty. PMID- 1248750 TI - When total knee arthroplasty is indicated. PMID- 1248751 TI - Reconstructing the crippled arthritic hand. PMID- 1248752 TI - Success story: the program against major cardiovascular risk factors. PMID- 1248753 TI - [Some problems in post-graduate training of the obstetric and gynecological staff]. PMID- 1248754 TI - [The effectiveness of Clotrimazol in the treatment of vaginal mycoses in girls]. PMID- 1248755 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Betadin in the treatment of vaginal infections]. PMID- 1248756 TI - [The course of pregnancy, labor and puerperium in obese woman]. PMID- 1248757 TI - [Comparative studies of cytochemical and cytohormonal exponents of estrogen progestsrone action in vaginal lining epithelium of women with complicated pregnancy. II. Prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 1248758 TI - [Induced abortion and the course of the next pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. PMID- 1248759 TI - [Early complications after repeated and multiple cesarean sections]. PMID- 1248760 TI - [Fetal hemoglobin and the blood oxygenation in the umbilical cord]. PMID- 1248761 TI - [Karyotyping of in cases of spontaneous abortions]. PMID- 1248762 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence by means of Ingelman-Sundberg operation]. PMID- 1248763 TI - [Remarks on complex treatment of ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 1248764 TI - [High-risk pregnancy in neuroendocrinological aspect]. PMID- 1248765 TI - [Mediastinoscopy for tumors of the lung and mediastinum]. PMID- 1248766 TI - [Atypical pneumonia due to mycoplasma penumoniae in children]. PMID- 1248767 TI - [Physiologic pigmentation of the gingiva]. PMID- 1248768 TI - [Obstruction due to small bowel intussusception as a complication of gastrectomy]. PMID- 1248769 TI - [Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia in an adult]. PMID- 1248770 TI - [Dystonic attacks due to metoclopramide (pramin)]. PMID- 1248771 TI - [Acute dystonic reaction due to triethylperazine (torecan)]. PMID- 1248772 TI - [Fracture of the pisiform bone]. PMID- 1248773 TI - [Release of severe flexion contracture of the knee]. PMID- 1248774 TI - [Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis]. PMID- 1248775 TI - [Editorial: Cystinuria]. PMID- 1248776 TI - [Editorial: Reduction of myocardial infarct size]. PMID- 1248777 TI - [Editorial: Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in childhood]. PMID- 1248778 TI - [Choosing the diuretic]. PMID- 1248779 TI - [Reimplantation of partially amputated fingers]. PMID- 1248780 TI - [Ultrasonographic diagnosis in large-for-date pregnancies]. PMID- 1248781 TI - Mapping of the chromosome of Mycobacterium phlei by means of mutagenesis of the replication point. AB - The aim of the present work was to construct a replication map of the chromosome of Mycobacterium phlei. The method of mutagenesis of the replication point by means of nitrosoguanidine was applied to synchronously multiplying populations. Back mutations and forward mutations were induced in auxotrophic mutants PA met and PA leu as well as in double auxotrophic mutants with methionine as the reference marker and the following order of replication of eleven genes on the chromosome was thus established: leu-Eth, Res-Stm, Cyk-pur-met, arg, Cyk-Bac-inl. PMID- 1248782 TI - Purification of xylanase from the wood-rotting fungus Trametes hirsuta. AB - Xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) was purified from a crude extracellular enzyme of the wood rotting fungus Trametes hirsuta by a four-step procedure involving precipitation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-10, column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and preparative electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. The isolated enzyme, electrophoretically homogeneous, was separated from beta-xylo sylosidase and other hydrolytic enzymes studied. The analysis of the degradation products of water-soluble (4-0-methylglucurono)-D-xylan from willow by the purified xylanase showed it to be endoxylanase (beta-1,4-xylan xylanohydrolase). PMID- 1248783 TI - Effect of some inhibitors on kanamycin formation by Streptomyces kanamyceticus. AB - The formation of kanamycin is markedly inhibited by mercuric chloride, sodium iodoacetate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium arsenite and sodium azide particularly when these are added at the start of fermentation. Less inhibition of kanamycin synthesis is observed in case of sodium 5,5-diethylbarbiturate, malonic acid, sodium arsenate and sodium fluoride. Inhibition of kanamycin synthesis is associated with growth inhibition in case of 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium arsenite and sodium azide. Bacitracin and D-cycloserine have a stimulatory effect on kanamycin synthesis with slight inhibition of cellular growth. This stimulation might be due to accumulation of cell wallintermediates--aminosugar and sugar- which are shunted to the pathway of kanamycin synthesis. Penicillin lowers kanamycin synthesis by 65 percent as compared with 19 percent reduction of cellular growth. Chloramphenicol has a stimulatory effect at lower concentration (20 mug/ml), when it is added at 24 h of fermentation. At higher concentration (50 mug/ml) chloramphenicol shows marked inhibition of both cellular growth and antibiotic biosynthesis. PMID- 1248784 TI - [A new pigmented antibiotic from a soil streptomycete]. AB - An antibiotic designated A28 was isolated from a soil streptomycete which showed wide antibacterial activity. The antibiotic was extracted and purified into a yellow powder. Its physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties indicated that it is a novel peptide antibiotic. PMID- 1248785 TI - Bioengineering problems connected with the use of conventional and unconventional raw materials in fermentation. A review. AB - Some bioengineering problems connected with the use of conventional and unconventional raw materials in fermentation research and industry are reviewed. They include the effect of the physical state of different substrates (solid, liquid, gaseous) and considerations of physico-chemical processes, especially the identification of limiting steps. A new concept of classification of fermentors with respect to the macromixing properties is suggested and its applicability for different substrates is considered. PMID- 1248786 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and acute growth hormone treatment upon glucose metabolism in adipose tissues and isolated adipocytes of rats. AB - Glucose oxidation and incorporation into lipid were measured in epididymal adipose tissues and isolated adipose cells of normal and hypophysectomized rats in an effort to determine whether the acute hypoglycemic effect of a systemic growth hormone (GH) injection was related to alterations in the glucose metabolism of adipose tissue. The rats were fed rat chow or a high sucrose diet and received 100 mug GH intraperitoneally 30 minutes or three and one-half hours before sacrifice. Hypophysectomized rats showed a lower plasma glucose as compared with normal rats on both diets. Thirty minutes after a GH injection there was a further decrease of the plasma glucose which, however, was not present in those rats receiving GH three and one-half hours before sacrifice. Adipose tissues from hypophysectomized rats fed the high sucrose diet showed a blunted insulin sensitivity as compared with normal rats on a similar diet. The insulin sensitivity of these tissues was further decreased 30 minutes after a GH injection. Basal glucose metabolism of isolated adipocytes from hypophysectomized rats, as compared with normal rats, was depressed if they were fed rat chow, was at normal levels if they were fed the high sucrose diet and was increased if they were fed the sucrose diet and received triiodothyronine and cortisone supplements. No manipulations of diet or hormonal treatments made the isolated adipocyte from hypophysectomized rats sensitive to insulin either 30 minutes or three and one-half hours after a GH injection. Since basal glucose utilization is not enhanced by GH injection and both the blunted insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue and the absent insulin sensitivity of adipopocytes would be expected to produce hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia, it is concluded that immediate systemic effects of a GH injection on carbohydrate metabolism are not related to changes in glucose metabolism of the peripheral adipose tissues. PMID- 1248787 TI - Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, oligomycin and theophylline on in vitro glycerol metabolism in rat adipose tissue: response to insulin and epinephrine. AB - The effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), oligomycin and theophylline on the in vitro production and metabolism of glycerol and its response to insulin and epinephrine were studied in epididymal fat pads from fed rats. 2-DG failed to affect basal or epinephrine stimulated glycerol production but it decreased the uptake of 1-14 C-glycerol by the tissue and its conversion to glyceride-glycerol. Oligomycin also failed to affect the basal production of glycerol but it inhibited the effect of epinephrine on this parameter as well as the uptake and utilization of 1-14-C-glycerol. Theophylline enhanced the production of glycerol by the tissue and this effect was not further augmented by epinephrine. Theophyline also inhibited the uptake and utilization of 1-14C-glycerol; the most pronounced effect of theophylline was observed in the formation of 14C-fatty acids from 1-14C-glycerol in the presence of glucose. Insulin, but not epinephrine, decreased the inhibitory effect of theophylline on glycerol utilization. It is concluded that these compounds affect more intensely the ability of adipose tissue to metabolize glycerol than to release it through lipolysis. The pathway for glycerol utilization in adipose tissue appears to be more sensitive to changes in the availability of ATP than the mechanisms responsible for the release of glycerol from the tissue. PMID- 1248788 TI - Theophylline stimulation of gluconeogenesis from alanine in normal and sympathectomized rats. AB - The influence of theophylline ethylenediamine (100 mg/kg i.p.) on gluconeogenesis was studied in normal and in adrenodemedullated and reserpinized rats after overnight fasting by measuring the time-course of Alanine-14C incorporation into Glucose-14C. In the normal rat, theophylline produced a moderate hyperglycemia associated with an increased conversion of alanine to glucose at all time intervals. In addition, a marked rise of plasma levels of insulin and glucagon was observed. In sympathetctomized rats, plasma glucose and gluconeogenesis were again enhanced by theophylline, but the pattern of these modifications differed from that of normal rats since the peak values occurred earlier. Subsequently, both parameters rapidly declined reaching values lower than controls at the end of the experiment. Insulin response to theophylline was higher in sympathectomized animals in comparison to normal rats, while glucagon response was approximately of the same magnitude in the two groups. From these findings it was concluded that theophylline is able to stimulate gluconeogenesis from alanine both in the normal and sympathectomized rat. The different pattern of alanine conversion to glucose seems to depend on the different participation of insulin and catecholamines in the two groups. PMID- 1248789 TI - Pituitary-thyroid axis reaction after myocardial infarction. AB - Within the first 36 hours following myocardial infarction, serum total thyroxine (T4) levels were supranormal in most cases in contrast to normal thyrotropin values. After one week, T4 levels dropped to normal while TSH values rose significantly. These findings suggest that, in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, the secretion of thyroid hormones is increased, thereby inhibiting the pituitary thyrotropes. The stimulation of thyroid secretion might be due to the high levels of blood catecholamines generally found in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 1248790 TI - Radioimmunoassay for human antithyroglobulin antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. PMID- 1248791 TI - Protein metabolism in hypo- and hyperstimulated rat thyroid glands. II. Degradation of newly formed thyroidal proteins. AB - The rate of degradation of total thyroidal proteins is modified in differently stimulated glands. It is slowed down in hypostimulated thyroids and accelerated in hyperstimulated ones. Comparative evaluation of the rates of degradation (either in absolute terms - DPM/mg of tissue or as specific activity) of different proteins shows that a modified hormonal state affects the degradation of the thyroglobulin much more significantly than the degradation of non thyroglobulin proteins. In the absence of thyrotropic hormone (TSH) the degradation of thyroglobulin is almost completely inhibited, while with excess of hormone it is dramatically accelerated. Comparing the TSH action on the synthesis with its effect on the degradation of thyroglobulin, it appears that it has a much stronger effect on the process of degradation than on the process of synthesis. This means that TSH significantly modifies the turnover of thyroglobulin. This effect of TSH leads, in chronically hypo- or hyperstimulated glands to the new levels of colloidal thyroglobulin which are highly increased in hypostimulated and significantly decreased in hyperstimulated glands. These results are in perfect agreement with the classical morphological description of hypo- and hyperstimulated glands. PMID- 1248792 TI - Effect of amino acid reutilization in the determination of protein turnover in mice. AB - Using different decay data of "in vivo" pulse-labeled protein, the half-life values of different fractions from mouse liver, heart, striated leg muscle, jejunum and epidydimal fat pads were calculated by considering labeled intracellular amino acid reutilization. This was accomplished by substracting the pool amino acid decay rates from the protein decay rates. The extent of reutilization of these labeled amino acids is considerable as shown by the differences found between the corrected and uncorrected half-life calculations. The half-life values obtained for total protein in liver, striated muscle, heart, duodenum and epidydimal fat pad were: 0.57, 1.81, 2.13, 0.68 and 0.42 days, respectively. PMID- 1248793 TI - Glucagon and insulin relationships in the obese hyperglycemic mouse (ob/ob). PMID- 1248794 TI - Effects of medroxy-progesterone acetate on rat fat cell metabolism. PMID- 1248795 TI - Immunoassay of calcitonin in rat medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 1248796 TI - N-alkylation of proline residues by chloromethyl groups on the resin in solid phase peptide synthesis. PMID- 1248797 TI - [Synthesis of some aminoacyl-AH-sepharoses via the N-carboxyanhydride method (author's transl)]. AB - (Aminoacyl)n=1-10-AH-Sepharoses can easily be prepared by the N-carboxy anhydride method from amino acid N-carboxy anhydrides and AH-Sepharose 4B at pH 10.2, 0degreesC in aqueous borate buffer. Syntheses of cystinyl-, cysteinyl-, isoleucyl , leucyl- and phenylalanyl-AH-Sepharoses are described. An improved preparation for cystine bis(N-carboxy anhydride) is presented. PMID- 1248799 TI - Metabolism of oestrone and oestradiol in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 1248798 TI - Effects of acrosin inhibitors on the soluble and membrane-bound forms of ram acrosin, and a reappraisal of the role of the enzyme in fertilization. AB - When denuded ram spermatozoa were suspended in weakly buffered 0.25M sucrose, the acrosin remained bound to the acrosomal membranes of the sperm heads. Media containing CaCl2 caused complete solubilization of the enzyme. Effects of acrosin inhibitors on soluble and bound enzyme were studied in Tris HCl(pH 8.2) containing sucrose. Denuded spermatozoa were used as a preparation of bound acrosin. Trasylol (Kunitz basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) acted more strongly on bound scrosin than on soluble acrosin, but soya-bean trypsin inhibitor acted more strongly on soluble acrosin. At concentrations 0.5 - 2.0muM, the inhibitors isolated from ram acrosomes and from ram seminal plasma inhibited soluble acrosin but had negligible effects on bound acrosin. However, bound acrosin was sensitive to high concentrations of the acrosomal inhibitor. The two forms of acrosin were inhibited to about the same degree by p-aminobenzamidine and also by Tos-Lys CH2Cl. It is proposed that membrane-bound acrosin is the form that functions in penetration of the zona pellucida, and that a role for acrosin inhibitors is suppression of an antifertility effect of soluble acrosin on mammalian eggs. This hypothesis is supported by 1) the results of work on the impaired fertilizing capacity of rabbit spermatozoa that have been treated with acrosin inhibitors, 2) the anti-fertility effects on hamster eggs of solutions of acrosin and of bovine trypsin, and 3) the results in this paper. PMID- 1248800 TI - Chemical syntheses of novel fluorescent-labelled fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol esters. AB - The synthesis of a novel class of fluorescent-labelled fatty acids of different chain lengths and unsaturation, phospholipids and cholesterol esters has been developed. The following omega-anthracene-labelled cis-unsaturated fatty acids have been synthesized: omega-(9-anthryl)-6c-octenoic, -7c-nonenoic, -10c dodecenoic, -6c,9c-undecadienoic, -10c,13c-pentadecadienoic acid. They have been introduced into the 2-position of 1-stearoyl- and 1-linoleoyl-3-sn glycerophosphocholine and cholesterol. Mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy and different chromatographic procedures have been applied to confirm and characterize their structures. The properties of the different fluorescent-labelled phosphatidylcholines in monomolecular films have been determined by the Langmuir technique. PMID- 1248801 TI - Pryogalloloestrogens -- a new group of oestrogen metabolites. AB - After incubation of radioactive catecholoestrogen monomethyl ethers with rat liver slices the following well known metabolic pathways were observed: 1) demethylation, 2) 16alpha-hydroxylation, 3) oxidoreduction at C-atom 17, and 4) conjugation with glutathione, sulphuric acid and glucuronic acid. In addition, for the first time a further aromatic ortho-hydroxylation, leading to pyrogalloloestrogen derivatives, was detected. Thus, the incubation of 2 methoxyoestrone yielded 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 2-methyl ether as the main metabolite of the lipophile fraction. Under the same conditions, 4 methoxyoestrone was converted to 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 4-methyl ether and 2,4 dihydroxyoestradiol-17beta 4-methyl ether; these compounds were the quantitatively most important metabolites not only in the lipophile but also in the sulphate and glucuronide fractions. The identity of these new metabolic products was established by chromatography, microchemical reactions and recrystallisation to constant specific radioactivity. PMID- 1248802 TI - Pyrogalloloestrogens: enzymic methylation of pyrogalloloestrogens and interaction of pyrogalloloestrogens with the enzymic methylation of catecholamines in rat liver in vitro. AB - During incubation of 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone with the 105000 X g supernatant of rat liver in the presence of S-adenosyl-[Me-14C]methionine, the formation of radioactive mono- as well as dimethyl ether derivatives was demonstrated. The products were identified as: 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 2-methyl ether, 2,4 dihydroxyoestrone 3-methyl ether, 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 4-methyl ether, 2,4 dihydroxyoestrone 2,3-dimethyl ether, 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 2,4-dimethyl ether and 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 3,4-dimethyl ether. The monomethyl ethers were the main products; within this group the 3-methyl ether of 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone was the main metabolite. Among the dimethyl ether derivatives, the 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 2,3-dimethyl ether represented the quantitatively most important product. When 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 2-methyl ether was incubated under the same conditions, 2,4 dihydroxyoestrone 2,3- as well as 2,4-dimethyl ether was formed. The 2,3-dimethyl ether was again the main metabolite. The incubation of 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone 4 methyl ether yielded the 2,4- and 3,4-dimethyl ethers, the first being the main product. In contrast, the 3-methyl ether of 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone was not further methylated by the catechol methyltransferase preparation. In further experiments, the effect of the pyrogalloloestrogen and its monomethyl ether derivatives on the enzymatic methylation of catecholamines was investigated. It was demonstrated that the methylation of adrenalin and dopamine was competitively inhibited by 2,4 dihydroxyoestrone and the 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone monomethyl ethers. Only a weak inhibitory effect was observed with the 3- and 4-monomenthyl ethers (Ki values 200 and 160muM). The unsubstituted pyrogalloloestrogen produced a marked inhibition (Ki value 50muM), but the strongest inhibition was found with the 2 monomethyl ether of 2,4-dihydroxyoestrone (Ki value 14muM). The extent of inhibition caused by the addition of the 2-monomethyl ether of 2,4 dihydroxyoestrone was thereby in the same range as the inhibition caused by pyrogallol and the catecholoestrogens. PMID- 1248803 TI - [Isolation of an amatoxin binding protein (ABP) different from RNA-polymerase B and C ((author's transl))]. AB - During the isolation of the amatoxin RNA-polymerase B-complex from calf thymus tissue we also isolated a protein (ABP) which shows such strong affinity to [3H)amanin that significant binding occurs at low concentrations (10-7M) of the label. The presence of a new amatoxin-complex is demonstrated by coprecipitation of amatoxin and ABP with ammonium sulphate and the common chromatography on phosphocellulose and Sephadex G-25. The new protein ABP is characterized by denaturating sodium dodecylsulphate-gel electrophoresis. The molecular masses of both main bands - possibly subunits of ABP - are determined as 100000 and 10000 - 15000 Dalton and different from the subunit pattern of RNA-polymerases B and C. PMID- 1248804 TI - [Sexually differentiated metabolism of testosterone in liver slices of mouse, and its alteration by a mutation in the X-chromosome that results in testicular feminization]. AB - 1. Sexual differentiation of the metabolism of testosterone in liver slices of normally developed, sexually mature mice: Sexual differentiation in the mouse, unlike that in the rat, shows a high degree of uniformity: Where the formation of metabolites with the composition C19O2 is markedly greater in one sex, then this is invariably the male. The formation of C19O3 steroids and 4-androstene-3,17 dione, and the turnover of testosterone show no marked sexual differences, although the sum of the C19O2-type delta4-hydrogenation products of testosterone is significantly greater in the male. This apparent discrepancy is explained by the fact that the sum of the delta4-hydrogenation products represents no more than 10% of testosterone turnover. Thus, sexual differences in the formation of individual delta4-hydrogenation products are not apparent from a consideration of the overall turnover of testosterone. 2. Sexual differentiation of testosterone metabolism studied in genetically male litter mates, carrying the X-chromosome bound mutation and showing testicular feminization (Tfm): The Tfm mutation (genotype XTfm Blo/Y; Blo = coat colour gene Blotchy) results in a feminization of testosterone metabolism. Where the level of testosterone metabolites is significantly higher in the normal male than in the normal female, the Tfm mutation shows a level that is significantly lower than in the normal male, and which, in most cases, is the same as that in the normal female. The concentration of three metabolites (3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one, and 5beta androstane-3,17-dione), which do not show sex-based differences, were significantly increased in the Tfm mutation. The Tfm mutation therefore effects the formation of all ring A hydrogenation products of type C19O2 (with the single exception of 5bets-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol). It does more than simply equalize sexual differences by feminization. It has no effect on the hydroxylation of testosterone, or on its 17beta-dehydrogenation to 4-androstene 3,17-dione. The consequences of the Tfm mutation for the liver are irreversible: The formation of 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, which is a representative parameter for the sexual differentiation of testosterone metabolism, is not influenced by the injection of testosterone (15 mg i.p. 6 days before investigation). PMID- 1248805 TI - Medical-dental unit serves inner-city, ambulatory patients. PMID- 1248806 TI - Hospital occupancy statistics. PMID- 1248807 TI - Investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals conduct joint activities. PMID- 1248808 TI - Shared management expertise spells survival for the small. PMID- 1248809 TI - Shared collection services improve hospital cash flow. PMID- 1248811 TI - Planning facilitates moving two hospitals into one new center. PMID- 1248810 TI - New facility emphasizes efficient care, positive image. PMID- 1248812 TI - New thinking required for development of management effectiveness. PMID- 1248813 TI - Three major systems reviewed and evaluated. PMID- 1248814 TI - Patients receive current, concise health information by telephone. PMID- 1248815 TI - Central laundry feasibility studies: an evaluation. PMID- 1248816 TI - Paracentric inversion of a human chromosome 7. AB - In the course of chromosome studies of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima using the trypsin-G-banding and Q-banding methods, a 40-year-old male was found to have an abnormal banding pattern in the long arm of a chromosome 7, although no such abnormality was detected by ordinary staining method. Since all other chromosomes apparently had normal banding patterns, the abnormality was determined to be a paracentric inversion of a chromosome 7, which is described as 46, XY, inv (7) (q22q31). This is the first demonstration of a possible paracentric inversion in man. PMID- 1248817 TI - On the population genetics of phenylketonuria in the G.D.R. AB - By means of the analysis of the geographical distribution of the birth-places of cases with phenylketonuria, who were detected in a nation-wide screening for phenylketonuria by the Guthrie test during a period of more than 5 years, 3 areas with a remarkably different frequency can be recognized: a) in the districts of Cottbus, Leipzig, Halle and Frankfort the frequency of the phenylketonuria is amounting to 1:6275, of the phenylketonuria-gene to 0.0126 and of the heterozygotes to 2.49%; b) in the remaining districts with the exception of two districts the frequency is significantly lower (1:11272, 0.0094, 1.86%); c) in the districts of Karl-Marx-Stadt and Neubrandenburg this metabolic disease is relatively rare (1:14769, 0.0082, 1.63%). In regions with a high frequency of the phenylketonuria the permanent mild hyperphenylalaninaemia is also twice more frequent than in the remaining country. PMID- 1248818 TI - DNA replication patterns of the early S phase from amniotic fluid cells as revealed by a Giemsa staining technique. AB - We report on DNA replication patterns of the early S phase demonstrated by a BUdR/Hoechst (33258)-fluorescence/Giemsa technique. Replication starts in R bands and spreads within 1 hr over the whole chromosome complement with exceptions concerning heterochromatin. The beginning and the duration of replication are discussed. PMID- 1248819 TI - Centric fission of chromosome no. 4 in the mother of two patients with trisomy 4p. AB - Centric fission of chromosome No. 4 was found in the healthy mother of two children with trisomy 4p. The two telocentrics derived are stable and show no evidence of fusing again. The 2:3 ratio of unbalanced offsprings born to the proposita indicates that, contrary to the evidence emerging from studies in other species, the risk for the production of unbalanced gametes is high. PMID- 1248820 TI - 5-methylcytosine in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes in Bovidae. AB - The centromeric regions of cattle, goat and sheep chromosomes bind anti-5-MeC as revealed by immunofluorescence technique, indicating concentration of 5-MeC at these heterochromatic regions. The centromere of the submetacentric X of cattle remains nearly unstained and so do the centromeres of the acrocentric X chromosomes in goat and sheep. The short arm of the cattle Y exhibits strong anti 5-MeC binding whereas the tiny Y chromosomes of goat and sheep contain no brightly fluorescent material. PMID- 1248822 TI - Cytogenetic investigations in a new case of Bloom's syndrome. AB - Cytogenetic studies of an 8-year-old caucasian girl with typical but mild manifestation of Bloom's syndrome showed a characteristic increase of homologous chromatid translocations and prematurely condensed chromosomes. The average frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in lymphocytes with 133 was much higher than in skin fibroblasts with 49. The inter- and intrachromosomal distributions of SCE in lymphocytes were analyzed. PMID- 1248821 TI - Pyruvate kinase isozymes in man. I. M type isozymes in adult and foetal tissues, electrofocusing and immunological studies. AB - Anti human M2 type and anti human L type pyruvate kinase sera allowed us to distinguish two groups of pyruvate kinase in man. Erythrocyte and liver (L type) enzymes on the one hand were inhibited by anti L and not all by anti M2 serum; pyruvate kinase from all the other tissues on the other hand were inhibited by anti M2 and not at all by anti L serum. This latter group represent the M type pyruvate kinase isozymes. The M type isozymes have been studied by electrofocusing in thin layer acrylamide-ampholine gel. In adult tissues 4 types of isozymes were found, designated, from acid to alkaline pH, as M2 (predominant form in spleen, leukocytes, lung...), M3, M4 and M1 (predominant form in muscle and brain). In foetal tissues an extra band M2, called M2f, more anodic than M2, was added to the previously described isozymes. Except in brain (in which the isozymes M2, M3, M4 and M1 were found), the most anodic bands (M2f, M2 and M3) were predominant in all the foetal tissues. The isozymes M2f and M2 seem therefore to be the original M type pyruvate kinase forms from which the other isozymes issue. The rate of each isozyme seems to depend on tissue factors characterizing the state of differentiation of some tissues, as indicated by the ability of adult muscle extracts to change the isozymes M2 and M3 into more cathodic forms. PMID- 1248823 TI - Possible genetic consequences of relaxed selection against common disorders with complex inheritance. AB - With increasing success in medical treatment for many common disorders with complex inheritance, it is expected that the incidence of patients requiring treatment will gradually rise from generation to generation. While this is theoretically true for a long range of future, the pattern of possible increase in the frequency of a disorder resulting from complete cure has been examined with special reference to the next few generations. It was shown that the maximum possible increment will take place in the first generation, with additional increment rapidly diminishing with subsequent generations. For congenital heart disease, for example, the restoration of full fertility to all of the patients would incur an increase in the frequency at birth of the disease by about 10% after 5 to 10 generations. PMID- 1248824 TI - [A case of testicular feminization with the karyotype 47, XXY (author's transl)]. AB - A case of testicular feminization is described, who has the karyotype 47, XXY in all analysed metaphases from blood and skin cultures. The question is discussed whether the karyotype 47, XXY is compatible with the syndrome of testicular feminization and which conditions are required to allow the hitherto known transmission of testicular feminization in presence of the gonosomes XXY. A review of literature is given. PMID- 1248825 TI - Is haemoglobin G alpha Philadelphia linked to alpha-thalassaemia? AB - The question, "Is Hb G alpha Philadelphia linked to alpha-thalassaemia?" was first posed because the abnormal haemoglobin is found in heterozygotes at a concentration greater than 25%, the proportion predicted from a 4 alpha-chain gene model. Globin chain biosynthesis was studied in a West Indian family in which one parent had beta + thalassaemia and the other was heterozygous for the G alpha Philadelphia chain gene. The former had a globin chain production ratio alpha/beta well above 1, while the latter had a ratio significantly less than 1. One child of the marriage had inherited the beta + thalassaemia from one parent and the G alpha Philadelphia chain gene from the other and showed the typical picture of alpha/beta-thalassaemia (alpha/beta ratio slightly above normal). It is explained in the discussion that the evidence favours a close linkage of 2 alpha-chain genes. PMID- 1248826 TI - Four familial translocations ascertained through spontaneous abortions. AB - In a study of 514 spontaneous abortions, 194 were found to have a chromosome anomaly. Of these, 4 (2.1%) were unbalanced translocations. Three of the translocations were Robertsonian (13q14q) and one was reciprocal. Each translocation was ascertained independently and each was associated with a balanced rearrangement in a carrier parent. PMID- 1248827 TI - Aspermia, associated with a presumably balanced X/autosomal translocation karyotype 46, Y, t (X;5) (q28;q11). AB - A new case of X/autosome translocation in a male patient is described. Azoospermia and Klinefelter like stigmata can be explained as a consequence of the balanced translocation, or by disturbed X-chromosomal inactivation during spermiogenesis. PMID- 1248828 TI - Nonrandom distribution of chromosome breaks in cultured lymphocytes of normal subjects. AB - Breakpoint distribution was studied from cultured lymphocytes on 7653 metaphases from 524 subjects whose karyotypes were normal. The mean break rate was 5% in both sexes. The frequency increased significantly after 40 years and varied during the year. The location of the breaks was very different from the expected random distribution. The break frequency for each chromosome was different according to the type of break (chromatid, simple chromosomal and chromosomal involving rearrangements). The location of the breaks was also studied according to type of band and with respect to the centromere. A comparison between spontaneous breaks, X-ray induced breaks, breaks in Fanconi's anemia had in congenital rearrangements, show very significant differences. PMID- 1248830 TI - [Dermatoglyphics of homo- and heterozygotes for Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) (author's transl)]. AB - Dermatoglyphics of 11 patients with Wilson's disease and 16 of their clinically asymptomatic relatives of first degree were investigated; 11 of the latter ones were heterozygous in agreement with the turn over rates of Cu-67, 12 under the assumption of autosomal recessive inheritance. On the finger tips the Mb. Wilson patients showed 52.7% whorls, their heterozygous relatives about 40%; compared with our controls (males 33.16%, females 28.82%, Aue-Hauser, 1970) that means a strong increase of this pattern type. On the palm the high frequency of hypothenar patterns in homo- and heterozygotes for Wilson's disease and of loops with accessory triradius in the 4th interdigitum of the patients with Wilson's disease was striking. PMID- 1248829 TI - A cytogenetic study of human spontaneous abortions using banding techniques. AB - The karyotypes of 941 singleton and 42 twin abortuses and 4 cystic placentae were determined. 30.5% of the singletons were chromosomally abnormal; 49.8% of these were trisomic, 23.7% X-monosomics and 17.4% polyploid. 143 trisomies were identified by banding; over a third had an extra chromosome 16, more than 10% an extra 21 or 22 and about 5% an extra 2, 18 or 15. Examples of trisomy 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 and 20 were also encountered. Using the data from two other published studies, the prevalence of different trisomies was estimated and an attempt was made to relate the karyotype of the conceptus to its subsequent development. PMID- 1248831 TI - Partial trisomy 11,46,XX,-3,-20, + der3, + der20,t(3:11:20), resulting from a complex maternal rearrangement of chromosomes 3, 11, 20. AB - Clinical findings of partial trisomy 11p are described in a patient bearing t(3;11;20) (p13;p11;q13). The translocation was present in balanced form in her mother (46, XX)t(3;11;20) (p13;p11;q13). PMID- 1248832 TI - A boy with 47,X,del(X)(p11leads to q13:q21leads to q24),del(Y)(q11):reexamination of a case previously described as 47,XX,?Yq-. AB - Before the introduction of the banding technique we studied a boy presented as a case of 47, XX,?Yq-(Christensen and Nielsen, 1971). The case has been restudied with the use of different types of banding, which revealed the following karyotype 47, X,del(X)(p11 leads to q13::q21leads toq24), del(Y)(q11). PMID- 1248833 TI - Possible linkage of HL-A and GLO. AB - In 21 informative families with 60 children, a possible linkage between HL-A and GLO was found (recombination fraction approximatively 0.15). The sequence of the loci on chromosome 6 might be GLO, HL-A, PGM3, MNSs. PMID- 1248834 TI - A 22/22 translocation carrier with recurrent abortions demonstrated by a Giemsa banding technique,. AB - A 22/22 Robertsonian translocation has been identified in a woman with recurrent abortions by a Giemsa banding technique. Cytogenetic studies of the embryonic tissue derived from one of her spontaneous abortions have demonstrated that the aborted fetus had a 46,XX,-22,+t(22q22q) karyotype. PMID- 1248835 TI - Mathematical modeling of the colorectal myoelectrical activity in humans. PMID- 1248836 TI - A theoretical analysis of the continuous distribution of specific tidal volume throughout the lung with special reference to anatomical dead space. PMID- 1248837 TI - Aerial design in inductive loop telemetry. PMID- 1248838 TI - Controlled external powering of miniaturized chronically implanted biotelemetry devices. PMID- 1248839 TI - Extracellular potential recordings by means of a field effect transitor without gate metal, called OSFET. PMID- 1248840 TI - An audio display for the blind. PMID- 1248841 TI - A digital QRS detector based on the principle of contour lining. PMID- 1248842 TI - An interactive computer peripheral to measure the electromyographic silent period. PMID- 1248844 TI - A technique for totally automated audiometry. PMID- 1248843 TI - Neural control of heart rate: a conciliation of models. PMID- 1248845 TI - Formation of hot spots in multilayer spheres. PMID- 1248846 TI - Dependence of EMG power spectra on electrode type. PMID- 1248847 TI - Activity sensors for use in psychiatric evaluation. PMID- 1248848 TI - Controllability, observability and structural identifiability of multi input and multi output biological compartmental systems. PMID- 1248849 TI - Primary culture and maintenance of steroid-secreting human placenatal monolayers. AB - A simple method is described for primary culture and for maintenance of hormone producing cells from normal human placenta. A consistent yield of cells was obtained and an average survival of 3 to 4 months in culture using 1 mm3 explants from the most vascular area of the placentas. These explants were placed in a variety of culture media in 30 ml flasks and incubated at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. The best yields in terms of cell growth were observed with Eagle's MEM (minimum essential medium) with supplements of horse serum and fetal calf serum or human cord serum. (Ham's F-10 with supplement of horse serum and fetal calf serum supports growth for the longest period and media containing human cord serum had the best yield of steroids. PMID- 1248850 TI - The different roles of serum and calcium in the control of proliferation of BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells. AB - Proliferatively inactive BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells in dense cultures initiate a growth-division cycle upon exposure to fresh calf serum in a low-calcium (0.01 mM) medium. If these calcium-deprived cells are not supplied with calcium sometime during the first 10 hours after serum stimulation, they will rapidly return to a proliferatively inactive state without initiating DNA synthesis. The prereplicative development of such stimulated calcium-deprived cells appears to stop at an advanced stage, because addition of calcium as late as 10 hours after serum exposure rapidly initiates DNA synthesis, and enables the culture's DNA synthetic activity subsequently to reach its peak value at the same time as in control cultures. PMID- 1248851 TI - Reduced toxicity of amphotericin B methyl ester (AME) vs. amphotericin B and fungizone in tissue culture. AB - The comparative toxicities of amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), the parent antibiotic amphotericin B (AB), and the deoxycholate solubilized complex of AB, Fungizone (FZ), toward five cell lines has been determined as measured by early membrane damage (51Cr release), 24 hr survival, 72 hr viability, and growth rate. Cells used were of turtle (TH-1), marsupial (PT K2), human MA 160), rabbit (RK 13) and hamster (BHK-21) origin. AME: (a) caused less membrane damage at 1 hr than AB or FZ; (b) was less toxic than AB or FZ as indicated by 24 hr cell survival and 72 hr cell viability; and (c) was required in higher levels than AB or FZ to reduce the growth rate of all five cell lines. Spectrophotometric analysis of residual polyene levels indicated that AME had good stability in tissue culture medium. Previous studies have indicated that AME has the same in vitro antifungal activity as the parent antibiotic AB (1, 2). These findings suggest that AME may prove to be superior to AB and FZ for use as an antifungal agent in tissue culture systems. PMID- 1248852 TI - Ultrastructure and surface topography of aggregates of human limb mesenchymal cells (HLM15) in vitro. AB - Tissue-like aggregates of human embryo fibroblasts can be created in vitro by limited aspiration of cells released from substrate during subcultivation. Aggregates increase in size, exhibit intercellular junctions, display a surface topography characteristic of cellular movement, elaborate an extracellular matrix and possess features of cellular death and phagocytosis. These cells, when introduced to a new culture environment, do not migrate away from one another as is common when a primary culture is started from tissue fragments. Instead, cells exhibit continued contact with each other, and develop complex junctional structures during that association. Cellular aggregates generated in this manner may provide a useful system for providing further information on cellular adhesion, intercellular communication, morphogenetic cell movements and the mechanisms of cell death. PMID- 1248853 TI - Viral contamination of a mosquito cell line, Aedes albopictus, associated with syncytium formation. AB - Viral contamination associated with syncytium formation in two sbulines of Singh's Aedes albopictus cell cultures was investigated. Electron microscopy of the syncytia revealed the presence of five different types of virus-like particles, which morphologically resembled the parvo-, picorna-, toga-, and orbi , and bacterial viruses. When a virus-free subline of the A. albopictus cells (SL3) was inoculated with extracts of the syncytium-forming A. albopictus cells, the parvo-, toga-, and orbi-type viral agents were consistently observed. Among these three agents, the togavirus-type agent is most likely responsible for the syncytium induction. Serological examination of the infected cell extract indicated that at least one of three virus-like agents, presumably the togavirus type agent, was related to Chikungunya. O'nyong-nyong, and Western equine encephalomyelitis viruses (alphaviruses of the Togaviridae), but separable from these. PMID- 1248854 TI - Growth of human muscle in tissue culture. An improved technique. AB - A method is described for the culture of normal and diseased human muscle cells. Cell outgrowth was obtained from 63/63 biopsies, and cells differentiated to form myotubes in 57/63 biopsies. The culture technique used readily permitted the growth of both normal and diseased human muscle cells. PMID- 1248855 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the rat. The role of macrophages. AB - Experiments are described in which the inactivation of macrophage activity by quartz particles is used to investigate the role of macrophages in antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the rat. The results confirm previous findings which indicated that macrophages play no significant role in assays using cell line cells as targets. On the other hand, previous suggestions that macrophages are active against antibody-coated chick erythrocytes cannot be substantiated. In fact, it is shown that macrophages can play a protective role, and that inhibiting macrophage activity in peritoneal exudates leads to a spectacular increase in antibody-dependent lysis of chick erythrocytes. It is suggested that the confusion surrounding the role of macrophages in this assay has resulted from the failure to recognize that adherence techniques such as carbonyl-iron treatment of cell suspensions can result in substantial depletion of non-phagocytic adherent cells. PMID- 1248856 TI - Post-operative depression of antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity following minor surgery and anaesthesia. AB - Leucocytes taken 1 day post-operatively from patients who had undergone surgery under general anaesthesia for benign breast disease showed a significantly diminished capacity to induce lysis of antibody-coated target cells compared with those taken pre-operatively from the same patients. No significant fall in PHA responsiveness was observed in these leucocytes in the post-operative period. This indicates a high sensitivity of the cell types involved in the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction to the suppressive effect of surgery and anaesthesia. Plasmas taken post-operatively from these patients were effective in diminishing the capacity of leucocytes from healthy untreated donors to initiate antibody-coated target cell lysis compared with pre-operative plasmas although the plasma cortisol levels in these samples did not differ significantly. Possible mediators of this suppressive effect and its significance are discussed. PMID- 1248858 TI - Use of (75Se)L-Selenomethionine as a label for lymphoid cells. AB - [75Se]L-selenomethionine can be employed as a label for following lymphocytes in vivo. Its properties are broadly similar to those of 51Cr with regard to uptake, release of the isotope on cell death and reutilization; thus relatively high levels of 75Se in lymphoid tissue indicate the presence of viable labelled cells. It differs from 51Cr in that active release of selenium occurs from the labelled cells when the ambient cell concentration is low. No significant reutilization of leaked label occurs. Leakage of 75Se label occurs in vivo; this differs in the spleen and lymph nodes. Evidence is presented to suggest that 75Se losses reflect the transit times of cells through lymphoid organs. PMID- 1248857 TI - Spontaneous rosette formation by mouse L cells. AB - Mouse fibroblasts form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and with red cells from several other species. They do not form C3 or Fc rosettes, and they do not bind small amounts of aggregated gammaglobulin. Spontaneous rosette formation is maximum at 37 degress and minimum at 4 degrees. The reaction is complete in 30 min. Antisera to fibroblast membrane components do not inhibit rosette formation. Rosetting is inhibited by fixation of the cells with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde as well as by killing with phenol or by prolonged incubation with sodium azide. The rosette reaction is inhibited by vinblastine but not by cytochalasin B. From these data on the kinetics, temperature and drug sensitivities it is suggested that T cells and fibroblasts form spontaneous rosettes by different mechanisms. PMID- 1248859 TI - Heterogeneity among preparations of crude trypsin used to disaggregate the human tonsil. AB - Crude trypsin is the agent of choice for the disaggregation of human tonsil. A great variability which is not related to specific activity exists among lots of crude trypsin. An efficient lot of crude trypsin is necessary to obtain optimal proportions of tonsillar cells for the purification of lymphocytes and plasma cells by a previously reported technique. PMID- 1248860 TI - Suppression of the primary immune response to keyhole limpet haemocyanin by antimacrophage globulin. AB - Thioglycollate-stimulated, adherence and density gradient-enriched peritoneal exudate cells were used for the preparation of a specific, highly active antimacrophage reagent. After absorption with mouse lymphoid cells, an antimacrophage globulin (AMG) fraction was shown to be cytotoxic for peritoneal exudate macrophages but not spleen, lymph node or thymus cells. The AMG suppressed both the in vivo primary serum antibody and spleen PFC responses to KLH. PMID- 1248861 TI - Detection of circulating soluble immune complexes in patients with various renal diseases. AB - Sera from patients with various types of glomerulonephritis (GN) as well as sera from rabbits with acute serum sickness were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (IC). The method used is based on the observation that IC inhibit the uptake of IgG aggregates by guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages. Inhibition significantly greater than with normal human sera was found with sera of patients with membranous GN, membranoproliferative GN, focal glomerular sclerosis, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, acute septicaemic glomerular diseases and systemic lupus erythematous. IC were also detected in rabbits with acute serum sickness during the period of immune elimination. PMID- 1248862 TI - Autoimmune murine thyroiditis. VIII. Role of different thyroid antigens in the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Mice of the C57Br strain, which are susceptible to the induction of autoimmune thyroiditis with mouse thyroglobulin, and C57Bl mice, which are resistant, were immunized with human and rabbit thyroglobulins in Freund's complete adjuvant. Susceptible strain C57Br developed higher degrees of thyroid infiltration than the resistant strain. The results indicate that the responses to xenogeneic (foreign) thyroglobulins parallel allogeneic and syngeneic (mouse) thyroglobulin. BSVS mice, which are highly susceptible to thyroiditis, were immunized with mouse thyroid extract from five different mouse strains including syngeneic antigen. Recipients of C57Bl and DBA thyroid extracts showed lower indices of pathology than recipients of similar extracts from C3H, BSVS and non-inbred CF-1 mice. The results suggest that there is a difference in the immunogenicity of mouse thyroid extracts from different strains. Purified thyroglobulin was prepared from congenic strains B10.D2 (H-2d, resistant) and B10Br (H-2k, susceptible). H-2k thyroglobulin gave a greater response in both H-2k and H-2d mice than H-2d thyroglobulin. PMID- 1248863 TI - The immune mechanism which expels the intestinal stage of Trichinella spiralis from rats. AB - The immunological response of rats to the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis was assessed using criteria derived from pervious studies with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats and mice. In adult rats, the duration of infection with either parasite is similar and both infections are prolonged in young and lactating rats. As previously shown with N. brasiliensis, immunity to T. spiralis was transferred to recipients with antiserum or mesenteric lymph node cells from immune donors and antisera and cells given in combination had an additive effect. Signs of damage similar to that caused by antibodies in N. brasiliensis appeared in T. spiralis adult worms as the infection progressed and this damage occurred earlier in animals given antiserum or cells. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the immunological control of adult T. spiralis requires both antibodies and cells, but the relative importance of these components and the way in which they affect T. spiralis requires further analysis. PMID- 1248864 TI - Tissue inactivation of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. AB - The release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from sensitized guinea-pig lung challenged with antigen was followed by a fall in the activity of this mediator in the diffusate when the incubations were continued for 3 h. The inactivating principle was also present in normal lung in addition to other normal guinea-pig tissues such as the liver, kidney, spleen, ileum and skin. No acitivity was found in muscle. Evidence is provided that some of this SRS-A inactivating activity was due to tissue arylsulphatases. These were measured by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl sulphate (p-NPS) and p-nitrocatechol sulphate (p NCS), which reflect activities of arylsulphatase II A and II B respectively. Hydrolytic activity for p-NCS was present in all tissues with SRS-A-inactivating properties, whereas only lung, liver and skin tissue hydrolysed p-NCS and p-NPS. Following passage of a cell-free lung homogenate through a column of Sephadex G 200 the p-NCS hydrolysing and SRS-Z-inactivating activities eluted together, with molecules having a molecular size of approximately 150,000 Daltons, p-NPS hydrolysing activity being destroyed during the preparation of the homogenate. The release of arylsulphatase from sensitized tissue was not dependent on the presence of specific antigen. These experiments suggest that inactivation of SRS A is related to tissue arylsulphatase and that these enzymes may play a role in the expression of the effective levels of this mediator within the tissues. PMID- 1248865 TI - Effect of fatty acids on Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin hemolytic activity. AB - The lysis of human erythrocytes by Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin proceeded without a lag and was directly proportional to toxin concentration and temperature of incubation. Lysis was complete within 8 min. Addition of saturated, straight-chain fatty acids of 13 to 19 carbons increased the activity of delta-toxin, whereas those with 21 to 23 carbons were inhibitory. Palmitic acid was the fatty acid most active in augmenting delta-toxin, but its effect could be abolished by the simultaneous addition of either tricosanoic acid or egg lecithin. PMID- 1248866 TI - Identification of lethal toxin with the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and some physicochemical properties of the purified toxin. AB - Lethal toxin was purified extensively from the culture filtrate of a Kanagawa phenomenon-positive strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The purified toxin was a protein, and its homogeneity was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. It was demonstrated that the thermostable direct hemolysin was identical to the lethal toxin and that it was the main, if not only, lethal toxin in the culture filtrate. The purified toxin had a lethal effect when injected into mice either intravenously or intraperitoneally. Its lethal effect was very rapid, a dose of 5 mug of toxin per mouse killing the animals within 1 min. The lethal activity was inhibited by a ganglioside mixture. Some physicochemical properties of the purified toxin are reported. PMID- 1248867 TI - Inhibition of water absorption in the intestine by Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin. AB - Water absorption in intestinal segments was monitored by measuring the concentration of polyethylene glycol, a nonabsorbable reference marker, in a balanced salt solution continuously perfused through the lumen. Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin inhibited water absorption in rabbit jejunum and ileum perfused in vivo and in guinea pig ileum perfused in vitro. Cholera toxin also interfered with water absorption in guinea pig ileum maintained in vitro, but S. aureus enterotoxin B had no demonstrable effect on this tissue. PMID- 1248868 TI - Demonstration of the cardiotoxicity of the thermostable direct hemolysin (lethal toxin) produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Intravenous injection of the thermostable direct hemolysin (lethal toxin) produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus caused rapid death of rats. Studies by electroencephalography and electrocardiography showed that after intravenous injection of the toxin the electroencephalogram remained normal for quite a long time after the heart of the animals had stopped beating. Depression of intraatrial and intraventricular conduction of electrical activation, including atrioventricular block, was observed in electrocardiograms of animals injected with the toxin. The toxin was also found to be toxic to cultured mouse heart cells. When it was added to the medium, the beating rhythm of the cultured heart cells increased temporarily and then soon stopped abruptly. The effect of the toxin on cultured mouse heart cells was blocked by preincubation of the toxin with a ganglioside mixture. From these results it is concluded that the thermostable direct hemolysin (lethal toxin) had cardiotoxic activity, and thus administration of the toxin causes rapid death of animals. PMID- 1248869 TI - Effect of penicillin on the succession, attachment, and morphology of segmented, filamentous microbes in the murine small bowel. AB - Indigenous segmented filamentous microbes attach to murine ileal epithelial cells. These microbes can be seen on the epithelial surface with a scanning electron microscope. They colonize preferentially the distal ileum in mice. Penicillin, placed in the animal's drinking water, eliminates the microbes from the mouse ileum, but recolinization of the ileum is observed 4 to 5 weeks after the penicillin treatment is stopped. Within 3 to 5 h after rats are given penicillin, the morphology of the microbes is changed. Their external surfaces are wrinkled or broken. Vacated and partially vacated attachment sites are observed. Almost all of the organisms disappear from murine ilea after the animals are exposed to penicillin for 10 h. These observations are discussed in relation to the microbe itself and in its interaction with ileal epithelial cells. PMID- 1248871 TI - New adjuvants on a polymethylmethacrylate base. AB - A new type of adjuvant using influenza virus as an antigen is presented. The new adjuvant was produced by polymerizing monomeric methylmethacrylate in the presence of the antigen. As a comparison, influenza virus was added to previously polymerized polymethylmethacrylate particles. In animal experiments, the antibody response in mice and guinea pigs was measured. After polymerization in the presence of the antigen, the adjuvant effect was dependent on the methylmethacrylate concentration used, reaching an optimal concentration at 0.5%. This adjuvant preparation was considerably more effective than simple addition of virus to comparable polymethacrylate preparations or to aluminum hydroxide. The latter two adjuvants were approximately equivalent in effectiveness. PMID- 1248870 TI - Distribution of cholera organisms in experimental Vibrio cholerae infections: proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis and antibacterial immunity. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the sequence of events in the microenvironment of the intestinal tract that culminate in the symptoms of cholera and to attempt to define more clearly the mechanisms involved in antibacterial immunity. The extent to which mucus occurs in the normal intestine of rabbits and the appearance of the intestinal villi in unfixed frozen sections was demonstrated. The villi and intervillous spaces were found to be normally covered by a layer of mucoid material that formed a mucous zone between the intestinal contents and the tips of the villi. The distribution of cholera organisms in normal and immunized animals was demonstrated by the staining of frozen-tissue sections with specific fluorescent antibody. Study of tissue sections from normal animals showed that the onset of fluid accumulation was concomitant with the establishment of large masses of organisms in the intervillous spaces and crypts of the intestine after the successful penetration of this mucous zone. Tissue sections from animals actively or passively immunized against a cell wall antigen of Vibrio cholerae showed clumping of vibrios in the lumen and restricted distribution in the lumen and luminal border of the mucous zone. Antibody was not lytic in vivo. PMID- 1248872 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hamster tracheal organ culture studied by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Hamster tracheal rings in organ culture were inoculated with a virulent strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and examined by scanning electron microscopy. A progressive increase in epithelial cell injury was detected from 48 to 96 h post-inoculation and was characterized by apparent loss of the apical portion of ciliated cells. M. pneumoniae attaching to the epithelial cell surfaces could be identified by comparison with the surface morphology of mycoplasmas grown on glass cover slips. PMID- 1248873 TI - Ultrastructural observations on Ehrlichia equi organisms in equine granulocytes. AB - The ultrastructure of the etiological agent of equine ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia equi, was studied in equine peripheral leukocytes. The organisms occurred within membrane-lined cytoplasmic vacuoles of neutrophils and eosinophils. Ovoid, round, and rod-shaped profiles were observed. From 1 to 33 organisms were present in a thin-section profile of a cytoplasmic vacuole. Many cells contained multiple organism-containing vacuoles. The organisms had a cell wall and plasma membrane, and internally they consisted of electron-dense and lucid areas. A great variation in size was observed. The morphological features were most consistent with agents of the genus Ehrlichia. PMID- 1248874 TI - Aleutian disease of mink: production of 14C-labeled antiviral antibodies by mink lymphoid cells in vitro. AB - Lymphoid cells from mink infected with Aleutian disease virus produced labeled, specific antiviral antibody when incubated in medium containing [14C]tyrosine. PMID- 1248875 TI - Ganglioside and rabbit erythrocyte membrane receptor for staphylococcal alpha toxin. AB - The hemolytic activity of staphylococcal alpha-toxin is inhibited by an N acetylglucosamine-containing ganglioside (GlcNAc-ganglioside) but not by any of the related glycolipids. The GlcNAc-ganglioside also is precipitated with the toxin by a gel-diffusion technique. It is postulated that GlcNAc-ganglioside may be the membrane receptor for the alpha-toxin. PMID- 1248876 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to influenza virus infections in mice. AB - The local and systemic cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to influenza virus infection in mice were examined by leukocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity tests. Mice were inoculated intranasally with 5 50% lethal doses of the A/WSN (H0N1) strain of influenza virus. Cells from the lymph nodes draining the upper and lower respiratory tract were used to measure the local response, and the spleen was the source of cells used for systemic determinations. The local response by pulmonary lymph node cells was greater and appeared earlier than was observed systemically in the spleen. The specificity of the CMI response was investigated by using a heterologous virus strain, A/Jap (H2N2), and recombinants A/Jap-NWS (H2N1) and A/NWS-Jap (H0N1), obtained from a cross between A/Jap (H2N2) and a virus, A/NWS (H0N1), with surface antigenic specificity similar to that of the inoculated virus. From the results of both tests used as correlates of CMI, it appeared that the response was specific against the hemagglutinin component of the inoculated virus. No reactivity was observed against the heterologous virus A/Jap (H2N2) nor against the recombinant A/Jap-NWS (H2N1) bearing the same neuradminidase as that of the inoculated virus. PMID- 1248877 TI - Comparative production of interferon by explanted lymphoreticular tissue and alveolar macrophages from rabbits and humans. AB - Studies were undertaken to compare interferon production among a variety of lymphoreticular cells, with emphasis on the alveolar macrophage. Explanted cells from rabbit lung, spleen, peritoneum, bone marrow, and blood produced interferon in varying amounts in response to six of the seven viruses studied. The various lymphoreticular tissues responded differently to a single interferon-inducing virus, and each tissue produced varying amounts of interferon when stimulated by different viruses. In addition, glass-adherent rabbit alveolar macrophages produced more interferon than did the nonadherent subpopulation. Human blood and lung cells produced much less interferon than did the equivalent rabbit cells under similar conditions of stimulation. It appeared that interferon production may have been controlled by several variables, including the species, the type of inducer, and the type of tissue and cell. PMID- 1248878 TI - Quantitative reduction of 2,3,4-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride by hamster trachea organ cultures: effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells and membranes. AB - The ability of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells and membranes to affect tetrazolium reduction by hamster trachea organ cultures was evaluated. Uninfected trachea explants reduced 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and nitro-blue tetrazolium when incubated at 37 C in the absence of air. Reduced tetrazolium salts (formazans) were extractable with acetone or ethylene glycol and could be quantitated spectrophotometrically. The optimal assay system involved the use of three or more tracheal rings incubated for 2 h in 0.12% TTC in Tyrode balanced salts supplemented with 1.2% sodium succinate. Formazan was extracted for 5 min with acetone, and the optical density (490 nm) was determined. Trachea explants with metabolic activity reduced or obliterated by freeze-thaw lysis, heat (56 C X 30 min), or cyanide (0.1 M NaCN X 30 min) had negligible ciliary activity and tetrazolium reduction activity (optical density at 490 nm [dry weight]). Tracheas exposed to mycoplasma cells or membranes also showed significantly decreased ciliary activity and tetrazolium reduction; e.g., only 5pc of the ciliary activity and reduction capacity remained after 5 days in culture when infected with M. pneumonia PI 1428 cells. The data indicate that the exposure of ciliated respiratory epithelium to mycoplasma cells or membranes results in diminished oxidative metabolism, and that the ability to reduce TTC to its formazan is correlated with relative ciliary activity. PMID- 1248879 TI - Hydrolysis of urea in the gastrointestinal tract of "monoxenic" rats: effect of immunization with strains of ureolytic bacteria. AB - Axenic rats, in whose feces urea is ordinarily excreted, were inoculated with ureolytic strains of Lactobacillus or Actinobacillus originally derived from the microflora of "holoxenic" rats. In these "monoxenic" animals, harboring one or another of the bacterial strains, fecal urea was hydrolyzed, with a more rapid onset of ureolysis in the case of Actinobacillus as compared with Lactobacillus. In vitro, a parallel difference between the two strains with regard to the onset of ureolysis was observed, hydrolysis beginning at the onset of growth in the case of Actinobacillus and only at the end of the exponential growth phase in the case of Lactobacillus. Extracellular urease activity was demonstrated in cultures of Lactobacillus, whereas none was found extracellularly with Actinobacillus. The pH optimum for the Lactobacillus urease in vitro was found to be 3.0, whereas the corresponding value for Actinobacillus was 6.0. In the two types of monoxenic rats, urea was consistently present in the small intestine and virtually absent from cecum and colon. Hydrolysis of urea in stomach was almost complete in rats bearing Lactobacillus but much less so in animals monoxenic with Actinobacillus, despite essentially equal numbers of organisms in that location. When rats carrying a monoflora of ureolytic Lactobacillus were immunized with either whole cells or soluble extract of the same organism, urea appeared in cecum and feces, indicating suppression of ureolytic activity. Immunization with an extract of nonureolytic Lactobacillus failed to produce such a result. Similar immunization techniques applied to animals monoassociated with ureolytic Actinobacillus did not alter ureolysis, and no appreciable quantity of urea appeared in feces. These studies demonstrate that it is indeed possible to inhibit the ureolytic activity of some bacteria in vivo by immunological means, but that the urease system of other organisms may not be as amenable to such manipulation. PMID- 1248880 TI - Measurement of toluene and xylene metabolites by gas chromatography. PMID- 1248881 TI - m-Dinitrobenzene intoxication due to skin absorption. PMID- 1248882 TI - [Quantitative determination of various gas-phase components of the side-stream smoke of cigarettes in the room air as a contribution to the problem of passive smoking (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248883 TI - [Activation behavior in a compensatory tracking task in relation to performance (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248884 TI - Cryoglobulinemia in Raynaud's phenomenon due to vinyl chloride. PMID- 1248885 TI - Immunologic studies on the pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon in vibration disease. PMID- 1248886 TI - [Carbon black pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248887 TI - Aortic phospholipids synthesis in experimental carbon disulphide intoxication in rats. PMID- 1248888 TI - Immunosuppressive activity of concanavalin A. AB - Daily intraperitoneal doses of concanavalin A (Con A) produced a dose-related inhibition of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Con A was also effective on established arthritis, markedly relieving the disease after only three doses. The inhibitory effect of Con A was neutralised by pre-incubation with ovalbumin, although this treatment did not modify the delayed phlogistic action of Con A in rat paws. PMID- 1248889 TI - Adrenaline and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. AB - Injections of adrenaline produced an immediate rise in peripheral absolute eosinophil count in cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, but a fall or no change in other conditions with similar clinical manifestations. A similar early eosinophilic effect was noted in control guinea pigs as well as in Ascaris larvae fed guinea pigs. The effect of adrenaline on eosinophil counts in cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia was not paralled by effects on total erythrocyte or leucocyte counts or on packed cell volumes. The early eosinophilic effects of adrenaline in guinea pigs was blocked by pehntolamine but no be propranalol. Adrenaline-induced changes on eosinophil counts may be used as a disgnostic test of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 1248890 TI - The alkaline phosphatases of human liver: an immunochemical study. AB - Four out of 18 human liver alkaline phosphatase (AP) preparations reacted with anti-liver and anti-intestinal AP. The liver AP that reacted with anti-intestinal AP, designated as intestine-like AP, was precipitated at 50% ammonium sulfate whereas the major liver AP precipitated at 66% saturation. Gel filtration showed that liver AP, intestine-like AP and intestinal AP contained AP with apparent molecular weights of 130,000 daltons; the intestine-like AP contained a second but smaller component of 70,000-80,000 daltons. AP extracted from intestine also contained this smaller component; its electrophoretic mobility was that of an a2 globulin, whereas that of the intestine-like AP had a mobility of beta-globulin. The similarity of the intestine-like AP to the AP variant found in hepatomas is stressed. PMID- 1248891 TI - Experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Humoral and cell-mediated immune response of cattle to Micropolyspora faeni and clinical response to aerosol challenge. AB - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was produced in calves, following repeated exposure to aerosols of Micropolyspora faeni both with and without prior systemic sensitization. The condition was associated with rising serum, nasal and broncho alveolar antibody titers and with transient ability of peripheral lymphocytes to synthesize macrophage migration inhibition factor. Clinical response to aerosols of M. faeni suggest participation of reaction types, I, III and IV of Gell and Coombs. PMID- 1248892 TI - Discrepancy between skin reactivity and blastogenic activity of fractionated PHA P. AB - Firstly, it was reported that phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) can induce the immediate skin reaction besides the delayed one. 70 out of 80 cases (87.5%) gave positive immediate reactions with 1 mug of PHA-P. There was a close correlation between the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) counts against PHA-P and the total IgE value or erythematous diameter of the immediate skin reactions. Absorption with anti-IgE or PHA-P reduced the RAST counts against PHA-P to 79 and 56% of their initial values, respectively, but did not effect the RAST counts against steptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD). These results suggest that the immediate skin reaction might be induced by specific IgE antibody against PHA-P. Secondly, using three fractions of PHA-P obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, skin test and RAST in humans, ACA in rats, and 3H-thymidine incorporation into human leukocytes, were carried out and data obtained that showed some discrepancy between them. That is, on skin testing, it was shown that all of the three fractions (fr.) had the ability to elicit the immediate and delayed skin reaction in humans and rats with the order of fr. 1, 2 and 3, and it was confirmed by RAST. On the other hand, the leukocyte-stimulating activity resided in fr. 1 and 2, while fr. 3, which seemed to be a group of subunits with a molecular weight of around 35,000, had almost no activity. These findings have been discussed in view of the earlier studies on the structure of PHA-P PMID- 1248893 TI - A comparison of the anaphylactoid actions of a synthetic linear dextran and a natural branched dextran. AB - Synthetic linear dextran of molecular weight 40,000 produces the systemic anaphylactoid reaction in rats although it is about 4 times less active than the natural branched dextran of similar molecular weight. Similarly, it is less active on local injection into the foot or skin. However, in rats which have been bred for non-reactivity to systemic dextran, it is more active on local injection, resembling the activity of a branched natural dextran of much lower molecular weight (6,000). In human skin, the synthetic linear 40,000 sample is also more active than the natural branched sample of similar molecular weight in producing a wheal and erythema. The results suggest that the dextran receptor in the skin of man may be similar to that in rats genetically resistant to systemic dextran. PMID- 1248894 TI - Effect of D2O on phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The effect of D2O on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of human lymphocytes in vitro was examined. A significant dose-dependent inhibition of the lymphocyte reactivity by D2O was observed. This inhibition did not require the simultaneous presence of D2O and PHA in the cultures. Both cytotoxic and cytostatic mechanisms for this inhibition are implicated. PMID- 1248895 TI - Direct macrophage migration inhibition test in DNCB contact sensitized guinea pigs. AB - Using dinitrochlorbenzene contact-sensitized guinea pigs, several DNP conjugates have been assayed in the direct macrophage migration inhibition test (MMIT). Although no significant differences could be observed between the carriers used, conjugates prepared from serum proteins and epidermal extracts tended to give the strongest inhibition of macrophage migration. Conjugates prepared from cells cultured in vitro in the presence of hapten did not cause more inhibition than control conjugates prepared in the absence of cell metabolism. The direct MMIT showed statistical differences between sensitized and nonsensitized groups of guinea pigs. However, none of the conjugates permitted conclusions to be drawn with regard to individual animals. PMID- 1248896 TI - Tumor-bound immunoglobulins. I. Further analysis of the characteristics of binding of immunoglobulins to in vivo-grown tumor cells. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) "coating" on different in vivo growing mouse tumors was investigated using several approaches. Radioiodine-labelled purified protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, a specific reagent for Fc of IgG, and/or iodinated purified antibodies against mouse immunoglobulins, were fixed by various in vivo grown mouse tumor cells, but not by the corresponding in vitro-cultivated tumor cells. Removal of host macrophages from the in vivo tumor-cell preparations did not affect the fixation of anti-mouse Ig reagents by the tumor cells. After an initial lag period in vivo, the intensity of the Ig coating of tumor cells increased with time after tumor inoculation. Conversely, the detectable coating decreased rapidly as a function of time after ascites tumor cells were explanted in vitro at 37 degrees C. Iodoacetamide did partially block this 37 degree C in vitro-induced "uncoating process". Surface-bound Ig could also be released from in vivo-coated tumor cells treated at low pH in vitro. Analysis of the behavior of tumor-bound Ig indicated a composite pattern. At the membrane level, uncoating was best shown with in vitro incubation favorable to cellular metabolism; however IgG was detected equally well in the supernatants of the cells, whether they were incubated at 37 degrees C or at 4 degrees C, and so far has failed to display antibody activity towards uncoated tumor cells. This was in contrast to the case of IgG released from ascites tumor cells cultured at low pH in vitro: such eluted Ig, when neutralized, could rebind to the "same" uncoated tumor cells. Under favorable metabolic conditions, the fate of tumor-bound Ig might be one of internalization and/or of degradation. PMID- 1248897 TI - Biochemical changes during regression and regrowth of hormone-dependent GR mouse mammary tumors. AB - Discontinuation of recommencement of estrone-progesterone treatment causes regression and regrowth, respectively, of transplantable hormone-dependent GR mouse mammary tumors. This tumor model was found convenient for the demonstration of hormonal responses in hormone-dependent mouse mammary tumor cells. Tumor regression was palpable 2 days after discontinuation of hormonal treatment and tumors reached half their size within 3-6 days. At this point, hormones were readministered and 2-4 days later the tumors had grown to their preregression size. In the growing and regressing tumor we have investigated: (1) the content of RNA, DNA and protein per g wet weight, (2) in vivo incorporation for 45 min of 32P-orthophosphate into RNA and DNA and the 35S-methionine incorporation into protine; (3) SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins after in vivo incorporation of 14C- and 3H-leucine. The RNA content per g wet weight was found to decrease during regression and to increase during regrowth. DNA and protein content showed no variation. RNA/DNA ratio thus varied in parallel to the RNA content. The precuursor incorporation into all three macromolecular species decreased during regression. The incorporation into DNA showed the most pronounced decrease. After readministration of hormones, regrowth was accompanied by a rapid increase in precursor incorporation into RNA, while the incorporation into DNA showed a lag of 1 to 2 days. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out with soluble proteins labelled in vivo with 14C- and 3H-leucine during regression and regrowth, respectively. No differences in 14C/3H ratios could be demonstrated for the major fractions detectable in the electropherogram. PMID- 1248898 TI - Detection of private and common tumor-associated antigens in murine sarcomas induced by different chemical carcinogens. AB - Two fibrosarcomas of similar histological type, induced in C3Hf mice by either methylcholanthrene or 3,4-benz(a)pyrene, were shown to have individually unique tumor-rejection antigens in classical transplantation-type experiments. By contrast, sera of autochthonous mice, which resisted only transplants of the immunizing sarcoma, were found to contain complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies, specific for both sarcomas, in vitro. The existence of individually unique as well as common tumor-associated antigens in chemically-induced murine sarcomas is suggested. The private "tumor transplantation-type" antigens elicited tumor rejection responses in vivo. The common tumor-associated antigens, although immunogenic in autochthonous hosts, inducing the production of tumor-specific antibodies, failed to induce transplantation cross-resistance in vivo. This study supports the contention that, in carcinogen-induced murine tumors, and perhaps in human neoplasms as well the evaluation of humoral (and cell-mediated) immune responses in vitro may not reflect tumor rejection-type immune responses in vivo. PMID- 1248899 TI - In vitro detection of cellular immunity to melanoma antigens in man by the monocyte spreading inhibition test. AB - In vitro inhibition of monocyte spreading (a correlate of cellular immunity) was used to detect cell-mediated immune reactions of melanoma patients to specific melanoma antigens. Two soluble preparations of human melanoma antigens (MA-1 and MA-2) and one of a breast carcinoma (BCA) were prepared. The preparations were incubated in vitro with mononuclear cells isolated from the blood of 24 patients with melanoma, six patients with malignancies other than melanoma and 14 healthy donors. Spreading of monocytes from healthy donors was not inhibited by either MA 1 and MA-2 or BCA. MA-1 and MA-2 significantly inhibited the spreading of monocytes from patients with melanoma, while monocytes from patients with other malignancies were not affected. Spreading of monocytes from patients with melanoma was inhibited by the preparation of BCA. We conclude that inhibition of monocyte spreading can detect, in vitro, a cellular immune reaction to specific melanoma antigens in patients with melanoma. PMID- 1248900 TI - In vitro cell-mediated immune reactions of melanoma and colorectal carcinoma patients demonstrated by long-term 51chromium assays. AB - In a series of consecutive 51chromium (51Cr) assays, 21 melanoma and 14 colo rectal carcinoma patients were tested for their in vitro cell-mediated immune reactions to melanoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, and normal fibroblast target cells. Blood lymphocytes (BL) from four individuals were included in each experiment. In 9/14 experiments the BL effects of 2 melanoma patients were compared to BL effects of 2 colorectal carcinoma patients. In two experiments, BL from 1 melanoma patient and 1 colorectal carcinoma patient were compared for cytotoxic effect with each other and with BL from 2 normal healthy donors, and in the remaining 3 experiments BL from 2 melanoma patients were compared with BL from 1 healthy donor and one patient bearing a tumor which was neither a melanoma nor a colorectal carcinoma. Eleven out of 14 experiments were performed in a criss cross manner. Target cells in the first three tests of this series consisted of tumor cells and fibroblasts explanted from a single melanoma patient. In all of the remaining experiments, each BL population was tested for cytotoxicity against both a tumor-fibroblast target cell pair explanted from one of two melanoma patients and a tumor-fibroblast target cell pair explanted from a rectal adenocarcinoma patient. Out of 35 tumor patients, 27 (77%) demonstrated a selective cytotoxic effect on the tumor target cells compared to the corresponding fibroblasts, while 4 patients (11%) showed a selective effect on the fibroblasts, and 6/29 patients showed a selective effect on the other type of tumor cells compared to matching fibroblasts. In 8/11 experiments (including two repeat tests) tumor-specific BL effects were demonstrated in a criss-cross manner. BL separations and 51Cr tests were repeated in 11 of the 35 patients 2-4 weeks after their original tests. BL populations from these 11 patients reproduced their individual earlier effects, whether these effects showed specific, non-specific, or no cytotoxicity. In each assay, differences in sensitivity between fibroblasts and tumor target cells in matched pairs were analyzed by comparing the effects of BL from the two controls. No differences in target-cell sensitivity could be demonstrated. PMID- 1248901 TI - Viral "tumorigenesis" in man: cell markers in condylomata acuminata. AB - Determination of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) phenotype of a neoplasm occurring in a heterozygous female can be used to trace the cellular origin of the tumor. This technique was performed on 834 individual verrucous subunits from four condylomata acuminata (venereal warts) arising in two patients heterozygous for a B and an A gene at the G-6-PD locus. All four specimens contained both A and B types of G-6-PD. Furthermore, even single verrucous subunits from each specimen occasionally contained both enzyme types. These data indicate that condylomata acuminata have a multicellular origin. The initial number of cells which, after viral infection, developed into a condyloma acuminatum was estimated to be about 4,400 cells, on the basis of statistical analysis of the data in one case. PMID- 1248902 TI - Macrophage activation and anti-tumor activity of biologic and synthetic agents. AB - Systemic administration of the synthetic immunopotentiator pyran, was as effective as the use of the biologic immunopotentiator BCG in activating macrophages and in inhibiting the Lewis lung carcinoma and MCA 2182 sarcoma. Several other synthetic polyanions also activated macrophages and exhibited some anti-tumor activity, but none were as effective as pyran. Cell-wall fractions such as the Ribi vaccine and MER were considerably less effective than BCG. The anti-tumor activity of pyran against the virtually non-immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma involved non-specifically activated macrophages, and both anti-tumor activity and macrophage activating ability persisted over a 100-fold range of drug from 0.5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg. The ability of activated macrophages to destroy tumor cells was abrogated by treatment with trypan blue, an inhibitor of macrophage lysosomal enzymes. In addition, preincubation of tumor cells with activated peritoneal cells at effector-cell:target-cell ratios of 20:1 and 5:1 markedly decreased tumor incidence and mortality. Glycogen-stimulated or unstimulated peritoneal cells were completely inactive in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo or exhibiting cytotoxicity in vitro, demonstrating the requirement for activated macrophages selective for tumor-cell destruction. PMID- 1248905 TI - Cellular immunity in mammary cancer patients as measured by the leukocyte migration test (LMT). A follow-up study. AB - In 58 cases of mammary cancer treated by surgery the leukocyte migration test (LMT) has been applied to the study of cellular immunity using homogenate from autochthonous and homologous tumors as antigens. A positive test, i.e. inhibition of migration by antigen, was observed in 52 patients from 1 day up to 40 days after surgery. Six patients were negative. There was extensive immunological cross-reactivity among mammary cancer in that a positive test was also obtained with homogenate from homologous mammary tumors. Generally, antigens from other tumors did not react. The test was also negative when the leukocytes were derived from healthy persons. Sera from mammary cancer patients abrogated the inhibitory effect of tumor antigen. The disappearance of positivity about 40 days after surgery and its reappearance during the metastatic process indicates that the positive LMT is associated with progressive disease. PMID- 1248903 TI - Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. A study in Swaziland. AB - A study in Swaziland to assess the possible relationship of aflatoxin contamination and the incidence of primary liver cancer is reported. Aflatoxin ingestion levels have been determined in "food from the plate" samples collected over a 1-year period. A significant correlation between the calculated ingested daily dose and the adult male incidence of primary liver cancer in different parts of Swaziland has been established. Samples of foodstuffs other than the plate samples also reflected the correlation of aflatoxin contamination and liver cancer. This study extends and amplifies the findings of an earlier study in the Murang'a district of Kenya and supports the hypothesis that aflatoxin ingestion is a factor in the genesis of primary liver cancer in Africa. PMID- 1248904 TI - Recent trends in breast-cancer incidence and mortality in relation to changes in possible risk factors. AB - Breast cancer incidence and mortality in England and Wales and the United States increased between 1950 and 1973, mainly in women aged between 45 and 64 years. These increases appeared to be partly cohort-specific, beginning with cohorts born around 1899, and partly cross-sectional, beginning in the mid-1960s. In both countries, cohort-specific decreases in fertility paralleled the cohort-specific increases in breast cancer rates and may, at least in part, have been responsible for them. Changes in other factors, such as age at menarche and menopause, use of rauwolfia derivatives and oestrogens, consumption of fat and meat, and breast cancer treatment were considered in relation to the cross-sectional increases in breast cancer rates. On the evidence available, it was not certain that any of these could explain the breast cancer increases. PMID- 1248907 TI - The use of creative drama in a children's group. PMID- 1248906 TI - Rat liver microsome-mediated binding of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites to DNA. AB - Individual metabolites of benzo (a) pyrene were isolated from rat liver microsomal incubation of the parent hydrocarbon, and subsequently bound to DNA in separate incubations with microsomes. Of the metabolites examined, by far the greatest binding resulted with 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene (BP-7,8 diol); the binding od the benzo (a) pyrene phenols (BP-OH) was about 50% that of the 7,8-diol. Analysis of the hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside derivatives obtained by enzymic degradation of these DNA samples revealed that the binding of BP-7,8-diol was accounted for mainly by a single product identical to one of the product identical to one of the products obtained from DNA with bound benzo(a)pyrene. Furthermore, the microsome-induced binding of BP-OH to DNA yielded mainly a single product identical in chromatographic behaviour to the major product derived from benzo(a)pyrene when bound to DNA during incubation with microsomes. PMID- 1248908 TI - Primal experience groups: a flexible structure. PMID- 1248909 TI - Action laboratory: behavioral group therapy in a traditional context. PMID- 1248910 TI - Group discussion among the terminally ill. PMID- 1248911 TI - Analytic group psychotherapy of post-traumatic psychoeses. PMID- 1248912 TI - Content considerations in group therapist self-disclosure. PMID- 1248913 TI - Coordinated group psychotherapy of children and parents. PMID- 1248914 TI - [Concentration course of lithium in liquor and aqueous humor after single oral application in man]. AB - Kinetic examinations of lithium concentrations in the aqueous humour and in the liquor in man were carried out. The passage of lithium into both extravascular compartments took place in different manners. Lithium - liquor concentrations seem to be only of a rather limited positive evidence as to the concentrations at the spot of action; the possible causes for this fact are discussed. PMID- 1248915 TI - Distribution and diaplacental passage of infused 3H-fenoterol hydrobromide (partusisten) in the gravid rabbit. AB - Tritium-labelled fenoterol hydrobromide was infused into an ear-vein of pregnant rabbits over a period of 4 hours. Two doses were used. The tritum concentrations in the blood of the dams and the amniotic fluid were determined from samples obtained during infusion and up to 11 hours after completion of infusion. The tritium concentrations were also determined in selected organ samples from dams and fetuses, taken immediately and 5 and 11 hours after infusion. Within 1.5 hours after commencement of infusion, the tritium activity in the whole blood of the dams reached a plateau on a level corresponding to the dose administered. Immediately after completion of infusion, the level of radioactivity fell rapidly. The tritium concentration in the amniotic fluid began to rise far more slowly after a time lag, so that approximately 2 hours after completion of infusion, the concentrations in maternal whole blood and amniotic fluid were equal. As the amniotic fluid level fell at a slower rate than the maternal whole blood level, the former somewhat exceeded the latter at this advanced stage of the study. The tritium distribution patterns of the dams indicate rapid elimination via kidneys and intestine. The tritium concentration in all the tissue fell rapidly after completion of infusion. The lung and uterus have a slightly greater affinity. The tritium concentrations in the fetal organs remained below those in the organs of the dams for the whole duration of the study. The highest radioactive concentration in the fetuses was found in the urine. Further observation of the rapid conversion of fenoterol hydrobromide into conjugates leads us to expect only minimal amounts of active substance to be found in the fetuses after infusion. PMID- 1248916 TI - Analgesic abuse and personality characteristics. AB - The Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI) was mailed to a group of 880 female industrial workers who were participating in a 5-year prospective study aimed at elucidating eventual renal toxity of phenacetin-containing analgesics. 338 completely filled in test-sheets were returned. The study sample was divided into five sub-groups according to the amount of drug which could be located. 1. Consumers who had a positive test for analgesic-intake in at least one urine sample (paracetamol = N-acetyl-p-aminophenol as principal metabolit of phenacetin),N = 65.2. "High intakers", paracetamol values over 0.499 o.D. (o.D. = optical density in the spectrophotometric determination of paracentamol [total of three tests]), N = 73.3. "Medium intakers", paracetamol values 0.200-0.499 o.D. (total of three tests), N = 25.4. "Low intakers", paracetamol values 0.049-0.199 oD., N = 84.5. "None-consumers" with negative urine tests, N = 199. It was shown that for some personality features, consumers could be distinguished from non consumers and "high intakers" from "low intakers", but not "low intakers" from non-consumers nor "high intakers" from "medium intakers". The areas contributing mainly to differentiation were general psychosomatic disturbance, irritability tinged with dysphoria, psychosocial and emotional immaturity, and lability. The importance of early registration is consequently demonstrated. PMID- 1248917 TI - Investigation on the serum and lung tissue level of rifampicin in man. AB - After the oral administration of 600 mg rifampicin, we determined the rifampicin level of the lung tissue of 18 operated patients, as well as the rifampicin level of the pleural callus of one patient, that of the pericardial cyst of another, and the serum level of all the 20 patients. The serum level amounted to an average of 6.5 mcg/ml between 2 and 6hours after administration, and to 3.3 mcg/ml between 8 and 9 hours. The lung tissue level amounted to an average of 2.3 mcg/g. The lung rifampicin level reached 32-44-62 per cent of the serum level 2 to 9 hours after its administration. This concentration was found to meet treatment requirements of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Gram-positive cocci, and certain Gram-negative bacteria-induced airway infections. PMID- 1248918 TI - [Efficacy of prolonged therapy with vitamins C and A and radiologic changes in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. AB - Two children of the same sex, almost of equal age, and suffering from the Ehlers Danlos syndrome were followed up for a period of seven years. One of the children was subjected to a systematic treatment with vitamins C and A, Lipovitan, sulphuric mineral waters, and kinesitherapy. The non-treated child is serving as control person for the treated one. Thus it has been possible to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy administered to the first child and also to state the osseous progressive changes in the non-treated child. PMID- 1248919 TI - Influence of diabetes mellitus on drug metabolism in man. AB - Drug metabolizing capacity was assessed in 29 normal subjects and in 28 diabetics on various treatment regimes using the rate of antipyrine elimination as reflux. Plasma half-life of antipyrine was markedly shorter (38%), and the plasma clearance of this drug greater (40%) in diabetics receiving insulin than in controls. There was also an indication of a small increase in rate of test drug elimination in diabetics taking chlorpropamide. Patients being controlled solely on diet or those on tolbutamide did not exhibit an altered rate of drug elimination. The rate of metabolism and inactivation of other drugs may be altered in diabetics taking insulin so that optimal doses of some comcomitantly administered drugs may be different in this group of patients. PMID- 1248920 TI - An improved synthesis of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-histidine. AB - In our investigations on the effect of replacement of histidine by homohistidine (1) on the biological activity of some peptide-hormones, relatively large quantities of Boc-homohistidine were required. Homohistidine being difficult to synthesize, it was essential to find an effective way of introducing the Boc group. In the past, many syntheses of Boc-histidine were reported (2-6), none of which proved to be quite satisfactory. However, by modifying the procedure of Flouret et al. (6) a convenient method resulting in a high yield of Boc-histidine and Boc-homohistidine was found. PMID- 1248921 TI - Protamines, histones and the genetic code. New evidence for code evaluations. AB - A new approach is presented to give evidence for the theories of Jukes and Crick (1-3) that at a more primitive stage the genetic code consisted of doublets separated by "comma-bases" rather than true triplets and that G and C or A and U are the exclusive bases used by the primordial code. This approach makes use of the conservation of the histone IV sequence over extremely long periods of time by comparing the amino acid composition of the average vertebrate protein with the one of histone IV, a reconstructed ancestral polypeptide and various nuclear proteins, homologous or otherwise related to it. All protamines studied and the majority of histones show deviations from the average vertebrate protein which are statistically highly significant if the amino acids sufficiently coded for by the first two bases are compared. A similar result is obtained for those amino acids which are sufficiently coded for by the first two bases of the codon and have codons composed of G and C only. PMID- 1248923 TI - On the conformation of the disulphide group in L-cystine and its derivatives. AB - The terminal groups in cystine are asymmetric and hence the dissulphide group with right and left chirality may not have equal energy. An attempt is made to resolve this problem through energy calculation using semi-empirical methods involving non-bonded and electrostatic interactions and simple Pauling type torsional potential for the disulphide group. The results are discussed in the light of experimental data. PMID- 1248922 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XLII. Synthesis of an octapeptide sequence (A20-A27) of rubredoxin. AB - A protected octapeptide corresponding to a section found in the first half of the protein chain of rubredoxin has been prepared by standard peptide methods. Alternative approaches of this fragment are discussed in some detail. This work completes the series of subunits necessary to synthesize the molecule. PMID- 1248924 TI - Heat denaturation of human serum albumin. Migration of bound fatty acids. AB - Prolonged heat treatment of solutions of human serum albumin at 60 degrees C resulted in formation of one aggregate fraction and one fraction that was stable against further heat treatment. Fatty acid analyses of these fractions indicate that the heat stable fraction is formed by migration of fatty acids from the aggregating molecules to the remaining monomer thereby stabilizing the latter against heat denaturation. Disulphide and SH groups are involved in the aggregation process. PMID- 1248925 TI - Synthesis of peptides by fragment condensation on a solid support. II. A scheme for preparation of 4,8-disubstituted vasopressins evaluated on 8-arginine vasopressin. AB - A convenient scheme for the synthesis of 4,8-disubstituted vasopressins has been designed and its usefulness evaluated in the preparation of one of the parent hormones, 8-arginine-vasopressin. The main feature of the scheme involves preparation of two protected tripeptide fragments, Z-Cys(Bzl)-Tyr(Bzl)-Phe and Boc-Asn(Mbh)-Cys(Bzl)-Pro which are incorporated in a synthesis on a solid support. Both tripeptides were prepared conventionally with the carboxyl groups protected as benzyl esters. The benzyl-ester groups were removed by transesterification with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and subsequent hydrolysis. To avoid racemization in the coupling step with the fragment containing a C-terminal phenylalanine, N-hydroxysuccinimide was added. After removal of the peptide from the resin, deprotection, oxidation and desalting, final purification was effected by ion-exchange chromatography. Apart from the main product, which exhibited full pressor activity, only small amounts of impurities could be isolated. PMID- 1248926 TI - Isolation of a trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces paromomycinus (paromotrypsin) by affinity adsorption through Kunitz inhibitor-sepharose. AB - A trypsin-like enzyme has been isolated from the filtrate of a Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus culture. Purification involves acetone fractionated precipitation, ultrafiltration on a Diaflo UM 10 membrane and affinity adsorption on to Kunitz pancreatic trypsin inhibitor linked to Sepharose. The trypsin-like enzyme (paromotrypsin) appears homogeneous by zone electrophoresis on gelatinized cellulose acetate. Specific activity toward Tos-Arg-OMe, calculated from amino acid analysis, is about 220 mu mg-1. The overall yield in activity is about 30%. The molecular weight of the trypsin-like enzyme, determined by gel filtration, is around 22,000-25,000 daltons. Electrophoretic migration on cellulose acetate strips indicates an isoelectric point around 8. Amino acid composition has been determined; the protein comprises about 210 residues on the basis of a single histidine residue per molecule. Paromotrypsin is unstable in acidic medium and is not stabilized by calcium ions. Enzymic activity towards Bz-Argo-OEt is not increased by the addition of calcium ion in contrast to the activating effect observed on bovine trypsin. Paromotrypsin is inhbited by TLCK and NPGB; it interacts with naturally occurring bovine trypsin inhibitors such as soya bean and Kunitz pancreatic inhibitors, but not with chicken ovomucoid. Proteolytic specificity, examined by hydrolysis of oxidized Kunitz pancreatic inhibitor and characterization of resulting peptides, seems similar to that of bovine trypsin. PMID- 1248927 TI - Relative reactivities of sulfhydryl groups with N-acetyl dehydroalanine and N acetyl dehydroalanine methyl ester. AB - The reaction rates in aqueous solutions of aminothiols, thiols, and other compounds with N-acetyl dehydroalanine and its methyl ester (2-acetamindoacrylic acid and methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate) were studied as a function of the structure of the thiol compound in aqueous solutions. Correction of the observed second order rate constants to identical thiol anion concentration gave a series of computed rate constants whose logarithms showed a linear dependence on the pK's of the thiol group in similar steric environments. Comparison of the addition rates of penicillamine to N-acetyl dehydroalanine and its methyl ester showed the methyl ester to react approximately 11,400 times faster than the acid. Addition rates for thiol acids and aromatic and heterocyclic thiols were also compared; each showed sluggish reactivity with dehydroalanine, but each reacted readily with methyl dehydroalanine. The kinetic data were applied in developing a method for preparing lanthionine in high yield. PMID- 1248928 TI - Studies on trypsin inhibitors. Part I. Synthesis of protected peptides related to sequence 1-10 of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal). AB - The general strategy for the synthesis, by conventional procedures, of the entire sequence of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal) is discussed. The synthesis of two protected peptides corresponding to positions 2 10 and 1-10 of the proposed primary structure of the inhibitor is described. The heptapeptide free base threonyl-S-acetamidomethylcysteinylthreonylseryl-gamma tert-butylglutamylvalylserine tert-butyloxycarbonylhydrazide (sequence 4-10) was acylated, by the azide procedure, with either the dipeptide benzyloxycarbonyl gamma-tert-butylglutamylalanine hydrazide (sequence 2-3) or the tripeptide Nalpha benzyloxycarbonyl-Nomega-nitroarginylglutamylala-nine hydrazide (sequence 1-3). The stereochemical homogeneity of the resulting peptides, benzyloxycarbonyl-gamma tert-butylglutamylalanylthreonyl-S-acetamidomethyl-cysteinylthreonylseryl-gamma tert-butylglutamylvalylserine tert-butyloxycarbonylhydrazide and Nalpha benzyloxycarbonyl-Nomega-nitroarginylglutamylalanylthreonyl-S-acetamido methylcysteinylthreonylseryl-gamma-tert-butylglutamylvalylserine tert butyloxycarbonyl-hydrazide, was assessed, after partial deprotection with liquid hydrogen fluoride, by digestion with aminopeptidase M followed by quantitative amino acid analysis. PMID- 1248929 TI - Studies on trypsin inhbitors. Part II. Synthesis of the protected tetrapeptide (sequence 11-14) of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal). AB - Synthesis is described of the protected tetrapeptide corresponding to positions 11-14 of the primary structure of the porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal), in the form of free acid as well as protected hydrazide. The tetrapeptide tert-butyloxycarbonylglycyl-S-acetamidomethylcysteinylprolyl Nepsilon-trifluoroacetyl-lysine was prepared by stepwise elongation from the C terminal Nepsilon-trifluoroacetyllysine using successively 1-succinimidyl benzyloxycarbonylprolinate, p-nitrophenyl N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-S acetamidomethylcysteinate and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(tert-butyloxycarbonylglycyl) oximinyl-5-(benzyloxycarbonylglycyl)-imino-2-pyrazoline as acylating agents. Alternately, the dipeptide benzyloxycarbonylprolyl-Nepsilon-trifluoroacetyllsine was transformed into the corresponding tert-butyloxycarbonylhydrazide which was reacted, after catalytic hydrogenolysis, with tritylglycyl-S-acetamido methylcysteine to give the tetrapeptide tritylglycyl-S acetamidomethylcysteinylprolyl-Nepsilon-trifluoroacetyllsine tert butyloxycarbonylhydrazide. The stereochemical homogeneity of the final products was assessed, after partial deprotection with aqueous 90% trifluoroacetic acid, by digestion with papain and aminopeptidase M, followed by quantitative amino acid analysis. PMID- 1248930 TI - Studies on trypsin inhibitors. Part III. Synthesis of the protected decapeptide (sequence 15-24) of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal). AB - The synthesis of the amino-protected decapeptide tert-butyloxycarbonylhydrazide corresponding to positions 15-24 of the amino acid sequence of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal inhibitor) is described. The tripeptide free base threonyl-beta-tert-butylaspartylglycine tert-butyloxycarbonylhydrazide (sequence 22-24) was acylated with 1-succinimidyl o-nitrophenylsulfenylvalyl-S acetamidomethylcysteinylglycinate (sequence 19-21). Removal of the amino protecting group from the resulting hexapeptide followed by acylation of the free base with either benzyloxycarbonylisoleucyl-O-tert-butyltyrosylasparaginylproline or O-nitrophenylsulfenylisoleucyl-O-tert-butyltyrosylasparaginylproline, via the pyrazoline active ester method, yielded the decapeptide tert butyloxycarbonylhydrazide (sequence 15-24) in the form of Nalpha benzyloxycarbonyl or Nalpha-O-nitrophenylsulfenyl derivative. The stereochemical homogeneity of the two decapeptides was assessed, after partial deprotection with liquid hydrogen fluoride, or thioacetamide and aqueous 90% trifluoroacetic acid, by digestion with papain and aminopeptidase M followed by quantitative amino acid analysis. PMID- 1248931 TI - Long range effects of neutron capture therapy of cancer in mice--I. Correlation between the time of intracellular residence of 10B-Na-pentaborate and the regression of the tumor. PMID- 1248932 TI - Homologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. PMID- 1248933 TI - Multiwire proportional chambers in nuclear medicine: present status and perspectives. PMID- 1248934 TI - Head scintigraphy with krypton-81m. PMID- 1248935 TI - Studies of tumor metabolism--I: By use of Mossbauer spectroscopy and autoradiography of 153Sm. PMID- 1248936 TI - Application of Rb86 clearance method for measuring regional renal blood flow. PMID- 1248937 TI - Myocardial perfusion defects in ischemic heart disease visualized by semiselective 133Xe injections: correlations with left ventricular angiography. PMID- 1248938 TI - 99mTc-pyridoxylideneglutamate kit: a rapid cholescintigraphic agent. PMID- 1248939 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of l-triiodothyronine: effect of time and temperature of incubation]. PMID- 1248940 TI - Bone scintigraph minification without equipment modification. PMID- 1248941 TI - Letter: Theoretical basis for regional blood flow measurement by use of the ratio of 81Rb: 81mKr. PMID- 1248942 TI - Pseurotin, a new metabolite of Pseudeurotium ovalis Stolk having an unusual hetero-spirocyclic system. PMID- 1248943 TI - The crystal and molecular structure of 12,13-dibromopseurotin. PMID- 1248944 TI - [A general method for synthesis of folic acid, its conjugates and analogues (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248945 TI - [Preparation and characterisation of pure 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-neopterine and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-D-monapterine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248946 TI - Syntheses of (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol and (2R,3'E,7'E)-alpha-tocotrienol. PMID- 1248947 TI - [New ambra odorants by photoreactions of 15, 16-dinorlabd-8(20)-en-13-one (author's transl)]. PMID- 1248949 TI - Is alcoholic acidic silver nitrate reagent really specific for the histochemical localization of ascorbic acid. AB - The histochemical localization of ascorbic acid in plant tissues with the alcoholic acidic silver nitrate reagent is shown here to be not specific for ascorbic acid, since some of the polyphenolic substances, including flavonoids, which are known to be widely distributed in plant tissues, are also able to reduce the acidic alcoholic silver nitrate reagent at low temperature (0-4 degrees C) and at pH 2 to 2.5 in dark. This method may perhaps be used for animal tissues where flavonoid pigments do not occur in such large quantities as they do in plants. I therefore, come to the inevitable conclusion that the use of alcoholic acidic silver nitrate reagent in localizing ascorbic acid in plant tissues may be highly misleading. PMID- 1248948 TI - Observations on the functional cytochemistry of pars intermedia of the rat hypophysis. AB - Light and electron microscopic histochemical reactions were studied in the cells of pars intermedia of the rat. The possible correlations between enzymatic reactions and endocrine functions of these cells were discussed. By combined formaldehyde and chloral vapour treatment the cells of the pars intermedia exhibited a strong yellow fluorescence suggesting the presence of a peptide or peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan. Masked metachromasia after acid hydrolysis was probably due to these peptides. Only a weak or no alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase activity was observed in the cells of pars intermedia compared to the cells of pars distalis suggesting low production rate of hormone synthesis. Specific and non-specific cholinesterases were demonstrated light and electron microscopically constantly in the cells bordering the lobules. These cells probably represent a certain type of glial cells. In the other cells the enzymatic activities varied markedly in intensity and distribution showing different ultrastructural localizations. Thus cholinesterase activities in the cells of pars intermedia reflect possibly different functional stages of the cells in their hormone production, storage and secretion processes. PMID- 1248950 TI - Esterase. XXII. Cellular and subcellular localisation of the Es-9 esterase in mouse kidney. AB - Among the various esterases of the mouse kidney the Es-9 esterase is outstanding in that it is fully repressed in the cortical proximal tubulus in the absence of testosterone but is constitutive in the terminal parts of the proximal tubulus. Thus, this enzyme is regulated in a different way in closely neighboured sections of the tubular system. Comparing the disc electrophoretic patterns of the kidney esterases with the distribution of esterases in ultrathin sections as revealed by electron microscopy it is concluded that the Es-9 esterase is located in the mitochondria. PMID- 1248951 TI - Effect of clofibrate application on morphology and enzyme content of liver peroxisomes. AB - Male albino rats (Sprague Dawley) were fed for 2-6 weeks on a diet containing 0.75% clofibrate. Liver cell fractions obtained from these animals were assayed for peroxisomal enzymes. In the cell homogenate the catalase activity was doubled, whereas the activity of urate oxidase was found to be only slightly depressed. The activity of carnitine acetyltransferase increased several times. In liver peroxisomes purified by isopycnic gradient centrifugation the specific activity of urate oxidase decreased appreciably showing that peroxisomes formed under the proliferative influence of clofibrate are not only modified with respect to their morphological characteristics but also to their enzymic equipment. This is also obvious from the changes in peroxisomal carnitine acetyltransferase activity which was enhanced by clofibrate to more than the fivefold amount. In purified mitochondria this enzyme was even more active: clofibrate advances both, the peroxisomal and the mitochondrial moiety of carnitine acetyltransferase. Morphological and cytochemical studies showed an increase in the number of microbodies and as compared to the controls microbodies were lying in groups more frequently. Small particles located closely adjacent to "normal" sized peroxisomes were found particularly after short feeding periods. While the number of coreless microbodies increased studies gave no clear evidence for an increase in marked shape irregularities of the peroxisomes. PMID- 1248953 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma of cattle. AB - A total of 718 ocular squamous cell carcinomas of cattle were treated with various cryosurgical units and techniques during a 2.5-year study. In 609 of the lesions, a single freeze was used, with a cure rate (total regression) of 66%. In 109 lesions treated with a double freeze-thaw cycle (rapid freeze to - 25 C, and unaided thaw followed immediately by refreezing to -25 C), the cure rate was 97%. Cryosurgical units designed for delivery of liquid nitrogen provided a more rapid rate of freezing and, thus, a higher cure rate than did units designed for delivery of nitrogen vapor. It was concluded that cryosurgery for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma is a simple and rapid procedure; is economical; provides analgesia itself, due to sensory nerve injury; requires minimal preoperative and no postoperative medication; causes minimal side effects; may be repeated; and is excellent for use on suspect premalignant lesions. PMID- 1248952 TI - Histochemical studies on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in various nuclei of the rat mesencephalon. AB - Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of various enzymes such as thiamine pyrophosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in various components of the nucleus Edinger-Westphali, nucleus n. oculomotorii, nucleus ruber and nucleus niger of healthy adult male Wistar strain rats. The thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction showed the morphological patterns of the Golgi apparatus characteristic for each nucleus. The Golgi apparatus was well developed in the nucleus Edinger-Westphali, composing a network of highly fenestrated plates in the nucleus n. oculomotorii and nucleus ruber, and a simple network in the nucleus niger. These results indicate that the former three nuclei need a rich energy supply and argue against the possibility that the four nuclei have a secretory role. The neurons of the nucleus Edinger-Westphali may derive their energy mainly from glucose of the circulating blood, but glial cells may serve as energy donators to the neurons in the pars compacta of the nucleus niger, and the neurons of the other nuclei may derive energy from both sources. These conclusions are consistent with the morphological patterns of the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 1248954 TI - Observations on bacteriologic isolation from pairs of quarter-milk samples. AB - Observations are reported on the agreement of bacteriologic isolation between 11,917 pairs of quarter-milk samples collected as either duplicate samples (both samples collected during 1 farm visit) or consecutive samples (2 samples collected at different milkings). Better agreement was found for duplicate samples (95.5%) than for consecutive samples (88.5% for interval of 2 to 7 days and 81.3% for interval of 8 to 16 days). From these observations, it was estimated that for diagnosing an intramammary infection, the examination of a single quarter-milk sample would be expected to have an error of approximately 3%. PMID- 1248955 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of tumors of horses and cattle. PMID- 1248956 TI - Amputation of prolapsed rectum in young pigs. PMID- 1248957 TI - Pathogenicity of field isolants of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus for neonatal pigs. AB - The pathogenicity of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus isolated from the brain of each of 5 pigs with clinical signs and microscopic lesions of encephalomyelitis (1 pig from each of 5 naturally infected herbs) was tested under experimental conditions. Each isolant was administered intranasally to 5 neonatal pigs. Clinically affected pigs developed either an acute or chronic form of illness, commencing 4 to 8 days after exposure. Listless, inappetence, and vomiting were clinical signs common to both forms. Additional signs of the acute form were paddling, muscle tremors, and hyperesthesia. Additional signs of the chronic form were loss of condition and either loss of weight or failure to gain weight at a rate similar to nonaffected littermates. PMID- 1248958 TI - Porcine encephalomyelitis caused by hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. AB - Six epizootics of encephalomyeltis in suckling pigs in Minnesota were attributed to infection with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. The disease occurred in 74 litters of pigs and was characterized by sudden onset of tremors, inappetence, weakness, atazia, and hyperesthesia, with high morbidity and case fatality rate. Pathologic changes consisted of marked nonsuppurative, nondemyelinating encephalomyelitis characterized by perivascular mononuclear cuffing, gliosis, neuronal death, and satellitosis. Clinical disease was limited principally to suckling pigs during a single farrowing period and did not recur in the herds involved during the ensuing 18 months. PMID- 1248959 TI - Effects of a diet containing 40% dried whey on the performance and lactase activities in the small intestine and cecum of Hampshire and Chester White pigs. PMID- 1248960 TI - Lysine requirement for reproduction in swine. PMID- 1248961 TI - Gestation length in rabbits-effect of aminoglutethimide phosphate, dexamethasone, pregnenolone and progesterone. PMID- 1248962 TI - Fertility of liquid boar semen as influenced by breed and season. PMID- 1248963 TI - Influence of freeze rate, thaw rate and glycerol level on acrosomal retention and survival of bovine spermatozoa frozen in French straws. PMID- 1248964 TI - Factors affecting progesterone concentration in cow's milk and dairy products. PMID- 1248965 TI - Effect of supplemental selenium of performance and deposit of selenium in blood and hair of finishing beef cattle. PMID- 1248966 TI - DDT analog depletion patterns in steers. PMID- 1248967 TI - In vitro absorption of amino acids by the small intestine of sheep. PMID- 1248968 TI - Neonatal behavior and nutrition-related mortality in domestic swine. PMID- 1248969 TI - Follicular population and body weight in relation to genetic differences in ovarian response to gonadotropin in rats. PMID- 1248970 TI - Effects of early pregnancy in growth, body composition and efficiency in mice. PMID- 1248971 TI - Source and level of phosphorus for growing-finishing swine. PMID- 1248973 TI - Semiautomated processing of systolic time intervals. AB - Systolic time intervals are commonly used to identify changes in ventricular function. The method described facilitates measurement and calculation of many such intervals. This method utilizes a printed polygraph recording of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, and carotid pulse contour; a digitizing device for reading the necessary coordinates from the record; and a minicomputer for calculation of the intervals and for data analysis. Intervals related to approximately 100 pulse beats can be read, calculated, printed in chart and graph form, and subjected to some analyses in about an hour. PMID- 1248974 TI - Nonrebreathing valve system for small animal respiratory measurements. AB - Flow resistence, frequency response, and backflow characteristics of a nonrebreathing valve system applicable to measuring small animal respiratory volumes are described. Unidirectional valves, molded from liquid resin, were fitted into a modified Y tube for direct use on an endotracheal tube or face mask. Valve size and dead space volume can be scaled to fit several small animal species. In this system, valve resistance was 2.0 and 5.6 mm of water for steady flow rates of 0.5 and 3.0 1/min, respectively. PMID- 1248972 TI - Nutritional studies with the early weaned neonatal pig. PMID- 1248975 TI - Validation of an automated determination of pulmonary resistance by electrical subtraction. AB - An analog computer to determine dynamic pulmonary compliance (C) and pulmonary resistance (R) on a breath-by-breath basis was tested in guinea pigs and dogs. C was determined by dividing volume by transpulmonary pressure at instants of zero flow. R was determined by the method of electrical subtraction at predetermined flows. In both species the computer outputs and the results of direct analysis were in close agreement. In guinea pigs, the device reliably followed the rapid three- to fourfold changes in C and R resulting from histamine infusion. In unanesthetized dogs, the dispersion and mean values of C and R were similar by the two methods. PMID- 1248976 TI - Biplane videoroentgenographic analysis of dynamic regional lung strains in dogs. AB - A method is described for determining the spatial distribution of pulmonary parenchymal strains in the intact canine thorax, using measurements of displacement of metallic (1-mm-diam)) markers percutaneously implanted throughout the parenchyma of the right lung. Dogs are supported head up or head down in a water-immersion respirator with the animal's airway connected to ambient air. Tracking of the parenchymal markers is accomplished by stereo biplane videoroentgenographic recordings, which allow high temporal (60/S) and spatial (+/- 1.5 mm) resolution measurements of the "tagged" lungs during various respiratory maneuvers. After transferring the video information to a stop-action video disc, an operator-interactive computer program is used to input the geometric coordinates of the markers into the computer. The true spatial coordinates are then determined after correction for pincushion and magnification distortions. Spatial and temporal distributions of regional parenchymal strains are obtained by determining the distance between markers on a frame-by-frame basis over the extent of the respiratory cycle. Data indicate nonuniformity in regional lung parenchymal strains. PMID- 1248977 TI - Force-velocity relations and fiber composition in human knee extensor muscles. AB - Standardized measurements of dynamic strength of the kneee extensor muscles were performed in 25 healthy male subjects (17-37 yr) by means of isokinetic contractions, i.e., knee extensions with constant angular velocities. Overall variation between double determinations of maximal torque throughout the 90 degrees arc of motion (0 degrees = fully extended leg) averaged 10% for the different constant velocities chosen. At any given angle of the knee the torque produced was higher for isometric than for dynamic contractions. Dynamic torque decreased gradually with increased speed of shortening. Peak dynamic torque was reached at knee angles in the range: 55-66 degrees, with a displacement toward smaller knee angles with higher angular velocities. Correlations were demonstrated between peak torque produced at the highest speed of muscle shortening and percent as well as relative area of fast twitch fibers in the contracting muscle. In addition muscles with a high percentage of fast twitch fibers had the highest maximal contraction speeds. These observations on intact human skeletal muscle are consistent with earlier findings in animal skeletal muscle preparations. PMID- 1248978 TI - Transcapillary exchange of strontium and sucrose in canine tibia. AB - The walls of haversian capillaries have been proposed as a physiologic membrane controlling flux of solute between blood and bone. In this study, capillary permeability to 85Sr and [14C]sucrose was estimated in the dog tibia by using indicator dilution techniques. Sucrose was chosen as a tracer because it is inert and has no known transport system. The mean (+/-SD) observed ratio of permeabilities of 85Sr and sucrose was 2.36 +/- 0.46 (N = 14) which is not substantially different from the ratio of their free diffusion coefficients, 2.55. This ratio was not influenced when the dogs were made hyperparathyroid by injection of parathyroid hormone (2.16 +/- 0.55; N = 11). This suggests that free diffusion is the principal mechanism for moving 85Sr across the bone capillary wall. PMID- 1248979 TI - Central neural stimulation of respiration in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. AB - A previously reported central neural respiratory control process was restudied in unanesthetized decerebrate cats during spontaneous breathing, and during conditions of constant chemical stimulation where phrenic nerve activity was used to quantitate respiratory output. Respiration was increased by carotid sinus nerve stimulation. The pattern of respiration was examined at the cessation of such stimulation. In spontaneously breathing animals, active hyperventilation (HV) was followed by hyperpnea for up to 30 s and never by apnea. Passive HV was always followed by apnea. In animals with controlled chemical conditions, the transient at the end of stimulation consisted of two components, the first an immediate decrease in respiratory output and the second a slow decrease with a period of over 5 m. It is suggested that a facilitatory feedback process, probably located in the reticular activating system, maintains respiratory output for some time after cessation of a stimulus. This study duplicates the results of previous studies and shows that no area of the brain above the pons is required for the mechanism's operation. PMID- 1248980 TI - Effects of cholinergic stimulation on human esophageal peristalsis. AB - The effects of cholinergic stimulation on esophageal peristalsis were studied in normal subjects. An intraesophageal transducer assembly was used to measure the dynamics of esophageal peristalsis before and after edrophonium chloride, 80 mug/kg intravenously. Following endrophonium, there was a marked increase in amplitude of esophageal persistalsis associated with a significant reduction in velocity of esophageal peristalsis and a significant increase in width and time of appearance of the contraction wave following a swallow. Graded doses of endrophonium all resulted in significant increases in peristaltic amplitude with the maximal response occurring at doses of 80 and 160 mug/kg. Similar results were obtained with a more direct-acting cholinergic agent, bethanechol, 80 mug/kg subcutaneously. The relevance of these results as an indication of the importance of cholinergic innervation in regulating esophageal motility are discussed. PMID- 1248981 TI - Frequency and displacement amplitude relations for normal hand tremor. AB - Spectral analysis of hand tremor records obtained from normal subjects during continuous extension of the hand for 15-45 min revealed that the root-mean-square (rms) displacement amplitude of the tremor increased from control levels of about 30 mum to levels on the order of 100-1,000 times control. Associated with this increase in the displacement was a systematic decrease in the hand tremor frequency from control values of 8-9 Hz to values of 4-6 Hz. Spectral analysis of demodulated extensor EMG records indicated a consistent relation between EMG modulation amplitude at the tremor frequency and the tremor displacement amplitude for tremor records with rms displacement above about 100 mum. No consistent relation was found between these two variables for tremor records with displacements below 100 mum. Consideration of both mechanical and neural reflex effects indicated that a viscoelastic-mass mechanism primarily determined the small-amplitude (less than 100 mum) tremors, while the large displacement tremors may have involved both mechanical and neural feed back factors. PMID- 1248982 TI - Body fluid responses of heat-tolerant and intolerant men to work in a hot wet environment. AB - Acclimatization to heat before proceeding underground is a requirement for each South African mine laborer. Certain individuals among this large population cannot be acclimatized to heat (33.3 degrees C db, 31.7 degrees C wb) and are classified as heat intolerant. In this study certain body fluid responses to heat and work were compared between a group of 19 heat-tolerant (HT) and of 15 heat intolerant (HI) subjects. To the factors known to affect heat tolerance such as age, weight, and oxygen consumption must now be added differences in body fluid responses. The HI group of subjects failed to hemodilute to the same degree as the HT group though working at the same relative work loads (30% and 50% VO2 max). As the 4-h work period (33.3 degrees C db, 31.7 degrees C wb) continued, the HI group did not maintain hemodilution in spite of the lower absolute work loads, sweat rates, and water deficits suffered by this group. From analysis of blood constituent changes it was suggested that the reason for the differences noted in body fluid dynamics concerned plasma protein equilibrium across capillary walls as well as the protein population of interstitial spaces. PMID- 1248983 TI - Muscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in man. AB - In an effort to assess the effects of dehydration on the content of water and electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Mg2+) in plasma and muscle tissue, eight men exercised in the heat (39.5 degrees C, 25%). Blood urine, and muscle biopsy samples were obtained before exercise and after the subjects had reduced their body weight by 2.2, 4.1, and 5.8%. On the average, plasma and muscle water (H2Om) contents were found to decline 2.4 and 1.2% for each percent decrease in body weight. Muscle sodium (Na+m) and chloride (Cl-m) content remained unchanged with dehydration, while muscle magnesium (Mg2+m) declined 12% as a result of the 5.8% dehydration. In terms of intracellular concentrations, K+i increased 7.2 and 10.6% at the 2.2 and 4.1% dehydration levels, respectively. Calculations of the resting membrane potential suggest that the water and electrolyte losses observed in these studies do not significantly alter the excitability of the muscle cell membrane. PMID- 1248984 TI - Augmentation of sickling process due to turbulent blood flow. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the fluid mechanical stresses associated with turbulent blood flow can contribute to the sickling process. Blood from seven patients with sickle cell disease was subjected to intermediate and high levels of turbulent flow in vitro. Turbulence was quantitated by hot film anemometry. Control samples showed 20 +/- 3% sickled cells. Cells subjected to intermediate levels of turbulent flow showed 26 +/- 4% sickling (P less than 0.01); and blood subjected to high intensities of turbulence showed 31 +/- 4% sickling (P less than 0.01). A quantitative count by electronmicroscopy, performed in one patient, showed polymerization of the hemoglobin indicative of sickling in more cells subjected to turbulence than in the control sample. A turbulence-reducing agent, polyethylene oxide, diminished the augmentation of the sickling process as it reduced turbulence at comparable Reynolds numbers. These results support the hypothesis that a deleterious effect upon hemoglobin SS erythrocytes may occur due to the mechanical stresses of turbulent flow. The agitation associated with turbulent flow presumably modifies the stabilizing factors of the intracellular colloidal solution of hemoglobin, thereby contributing to sol-gel transformation. Such hydrodynamic stresses may supplement the previously described factors which contribute to sickle cell crises. PMID- 1248985 TI - Effect of hyperinflation on inspiratory function of the diaphragm. AB - The inspiratory efficiency of the diaphragm during unilateral and bilateral phrenic stimulation (UEPS and BEPS) with constant stimulus was studied in seven dogs from FRC to 120% TLC. Alveolar pressures (PAl) were recorded during relaxation, BEPS and UEPS at each lung volume in the closed respiratory system. From the PAl-lung volume curves, tidal volume (VT), and pressure developed by the diaphragm (Pmus) were derived. Results are summarized below. a) Hyperinflation impaired the inspiratory efficiency of the diaphragm which behaved as an expiratory muscle beyond the lung volume of 103.7% TLC (Vinef). b) The diaphragm during UEPS became expiratory at the same Vinef as during (BEPS. C) The VT-lung volume relationship was linear during BEPS, allowing simple quantitation of VT loss with hyperinflation and prediction of Vinef. d) With only one phrenic nerve stimulated, the functional loss is less pronounced in VT than in Pmus, as compared to BEPS, indicating that the respiratory system was more compliant during UEPS than BEPS. This compliance difference from UEPS to BEPS diminished with severe hyperinflation. PMID- 1248986 TI - A quantitative description of normal AV nodal conduction curve in man. AB - The AV nodal conduction curve generated by the atrial extrastimulus technique has been described only qualitatively in man, making clinical comparison of known normal curves with those of suspected AV nodal dysfunction difficult. Also, the effects of physiological and pharmacological interventions have not been quantifiable. In 50 patients with normal AV conduction as defined by normal AH (less than 130 ms), normal AV nodal effective and functional refractory periods (less than 380 and less than 500 ms), and absence of demonstrable dual AV nodal pathways, we found that conduction curves (at sinus rhythm or longest paced cycle length) can be described by an exponential equation of the form delta = Ae-Bx. In this equation, delta is the increase in AV nodal conduction time of an extrastimulus compared to that of a regular beat and x is extrastimulus interval. The natural logarithm of this equation is linear in the semilogarithmic plane, thus permitting the constants A and B to be easily determined by a least-squares regression analysis with a hand calculator. PMID- 1248987 TI - Interactions of human cord dorsum potential. AB - The slow positive wave (P2 wave) of the evoked spinal electrogram was recorded from the posterior epidural space in wakeful man, and studied by applying several modes of peripheral nerve stimulation. With graded stimulation the P2 wave amplitude rapidly reached the maximum at weaker stimulation than that required for the initially positive spikes (P1) and the preceding negative (N1) wave. The "second" component of the P2 appeared during stronger stimulation or during excitemenpt of the subjects. With prolonged repetitive stimulation the P2 wave increased its duration with several summits on the decaying phase. Two interactions were observed between the P2 waves produced by conditioning and testing stimulations in the same or different nerves: inhibition or occlusion by strong stimulation and faciliation by weak stimulation. Thus, the characteristic of the P2 wave in man was similar in part to that of the positive wave observed in decerebrate animals, and differnt in other ways presumably due to influences from supraspinal structures or species differences. PMID- 1248988 TI - Metabolic and cardiovascular adjustment to work in air and water at 18, 25, and 33 degrees C. AB - By use of successive increments of discontinuous work with an arm-leg cycle ergometer the VO2, Q, SV, and HR were studied in six male subjects at rest and during exercise in air and in water at 18, 25, and 33 degrees C. The Q values obtained by CO2 rebreathing were reproducible. VO2 was linearly related to work with the plots for air and 33 degrees C water being similar. However, during work in 25 and 18 degrees C water, the VO2 averaged 9.0% (150 ml) and 25.3% (400 ml) higher, respectively, than values observed in 33 degrees C water, with the largest differences observed in leaner subjects. The plot of HR-VO2 was linear and almost identical during work in air and 33 degrees C water, but shifted significantly to the right in cooler water. VO2 averaged 250-700 ml higher in cold water compared to air and 33 degrees C water at a given mean heart rate. The Q vs. VO2 line was similar during work in air and in water with no effect of water or temperature. At similar levels of VO2, SV was significantly larger (P less than 0.05) in 25 and 18 degrees C water than in air or 33 degrees C water. Consequently, the reduction in heart rate during work in cold water was entirely compensated for by a proportionate increase in the SV of the heart. Q was therefore maintained at similar levels of energy expenditure in air and in 18, 25, and 30 degrees C water. PMID- 1248990 TI - Collection of normal canine tracheobronchial secretions. AB - A technique is described for the collection of tracheobronchial secretions from the upper trachea of anesthetized dogs. The method is simple, relatively quantitative, and provides secretory material in quantity suitable for biochemical or rheological studies. In 42 experiments comprising 184 individual samples we have found the collection rate of tracheobronchial secretions to be 1.0 +/- 0.1 mg/min per kg (mean +/- SEM). PMID- 1248989 TI - Sustained venoconstriction in man supplemented with CO2 at high altitude. AB - Venoconstriction occurs at high altitude. This study sought to determine whether hypoxia or hypocapnia is the cause of the venoconstriction. Five male subjects were exposed to 4,000-4,400 m (PB 440-465 mmHg) with supplemental 3.77 +/- 0.02% CO2 in a hypobaric chamber for 4 days. Similar alveolar O2 tensions were obtained in four control subjects exposed to 3,500-4,100 m (PB 455-492 mmHg) without CO2. A water-filled plethysmograph was used to determine forearm flow and venous compliance. Systemic blood pressure was measured with the cuff procedure. Catecholamines were measured in 24-h urine collections. Venous compliance fell at high altitude in both groups and was less (P less than 0.01) than control values. Forearm flow and resistance were unaltered at altitude in the group with CO2 supplementation while forearm flow decreased and resistance increased in the hypocapnic group at 72 h of exposure. Urinary catecholamines increased in the group with CO2 and remained unaltered in the hypocapnic group. It is concluded that hypoxia is responsible for decreasing venous compliance, and hypocapnia for increasing resistance and decreasing flow. Group differences observed in urinary catecholamines may be explained by differences in arterial pH. PMID- 1248991 TI - Effects of temperature and wind on facial temperature, heart rate, and sensation. AB - Skin temperature measurements of the face have shown that the cheek cools faster than the nose and the nose faster than the forehead. The cooling effect of wind is maximum at wind speeds between 4.5 and 6.7 m/s. Cold winds produce significant bradycardia, which is, however, much more pronounced during the expiratory phase of respiration. A significant correlation was noted between cooling of face and the reflex bradycardia observed. Similarly, a very significant correlation was noted between drop in skin temperature and subjective evaluation of cold discomfort. Consequently, the drop in skin temperature, reflex bradycardia, and subjective evaluation are parameters which are directly affected by cold wind and can be used as adequate indicators of the degree of discomfort. When comparing the present results with the windchill index, it was found that in the zone described as "dangerously cold" the index fits well with the physiological measurements. In the zone described as "bitterly cold," the index by comparison with actual skin temperature measurements and subjective evaluation underestimates the cooling effects of combined temperature and wind by approximately 10 degrees C. PMID- 1248992 TI - Synchronization of respiratory frequency by somatic afferent stimulation. AB - In cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethan, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artifically ventilated, superficial radial (cutaneous) and hamstring (muscle) nerve afferents were stimulated while phrenic nerve electrical activity was recorded. The results obtained with both types of nerves were similar. Stimulation in mid and late expiration advanced the onset of the next inspiration, shortening its duration. Stimulation in early inspiration advanced, while that in late inspiration delayed, the onset of the next expiration. These effects were often accompanied by changes in phrenic motoneuron firing patterns (earlier recruitment, increased discharge frequency, increased slope of integrated phrenic neurogram). Repetitive somatic afferent stimulation produced sustained increases in respiratory frequency in all cats and in half of them entrainment of respiratory frequency to the frequency of stimulation occurred at ratios such as 4:3, 4:5, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:7. The lowest stimulus intensity required for evoking these phase shifts was between 5 and 10T (threshold of most excitable fibers) for muscle afferents and between 1 and 2T for cutaneous afferents. These results demonstrate the existence of a reflex mechanism capable of locking respiratory frequency to that of a periodic somatic afferent input. They also provide an experimental basis for the hypothesis that reflexes are resposible for the observed locking between step or pedal frequency and respiratory rate during exercise in man. PMID- 1248993 TI - Effects of exercise on excretion rates of urinary free cortisol. AB - Excretion rates of urinary free cortisol were studied in 20 men assigned to four treadmill exercise groups: walking at 3 mph for 10 min or 30 min, or running at 7.5 mph for 10 min or 30 min. Free cortisol in urine was measured before and 30, 60, and 90 min after exercise, and again on a control day. Patterns of free cortisol excretions after exercise at 7.5 mph for 10 and 30 min were significantly different from the control day (P less than 0.05) with the largest changes occurring in the 30-min group. Exercise and control patterns were not different for the other two conditions (P greater than 0.05). Within the 7.5 mph 30 min group the postexercise cortisol excretion rates were directly related to the relative intensity of exercise (%VO2max) and the respiratory exchange ratio. It is concluded that changes in free cortisol excretion rates depend on the duration as well as the intensity of exercise. PMID- 1248995 TI - Mechanical properties of the dog renal capsule. AB - The renal capsule is an important determinant of whole kidney volume/pressure relationships. To gain further insights into its possible role we examined the mechanical properties of the dog renal capsule using standard materials testing procedures. From each of four locations on the kidney surface, the following mechanical properties of the renal capsule were determined: elastic modulus (force/unit of cross-sectional area theoretically required to double the length of the specimen), tensile stiffness (force/unit width theoretically required to double the length of the specimen), ultimate strength (stress at time of fracture of the specimen), and maximum strain (percent strain at time of the fracture of the specimen). We found that the elastic modulus of the renal capsule from all capsular sites was substantially greater than values previously reported for dog aorta. The stiffness of the capsule covering the anterior-posterior surface of the kidney was found to be about 50% greater than the stiffness of the capsule covering the lateral and polar surfaces of the kidney. The ultimate strength of the anterior-posterior capsule was significantly greater than that of the lateral or polar capsule. This finding may explain the clinical observation that the spontaneous rupture of the renal capsule and parenchyma associated with the acute swelling of transplant rejection is confined almost exclusively to the lateral and polar portions of the renal capsule and cortex. The mean maximum strain at each capsular site was about 35%. This degree of circumferential expansion corresponds to about a doubling of kidney volume. Thus, this observation suggests that the renal capsule is at risk to undergo spontaneous rupture when renal volume increases of this magnitude are observed. PMID- 1248994 TI - Time-motion and physiological assessments of ice hockey performance. AB - Ice hockey performance was studied during 10 contests to assess time-motion characteristics and associated physiological changes that occur for each position. Depending on the position played, the actual playing time per game for forwards and defensemen ranged between 20.7 and 28.0 min. The number of shifts ranged from 14 to 21 with an average playing time of 85.4 s/shift. Further analysis of each shift indicated that there was an average of 2.3 play stoppages which averaged 27.1 s, producing a continuous playing time of 39.7 s. Telemetered recordings of heart rate during each shift revealed sustained rates of between 170 and 174 beats/min over the three periods of the game. For both the forwards and defensemen, values for blood lactates were highest during the first and second periods (x = 78.0 and 66.1 mg/100 ml), then declined considerably during the third period (x = 44.5 mg/100 ml). Blood glucose showed a similar tendency (x = 139.3, 133.7, 114.1 mg/100 ml), while hematocrit and total protein showed little tendency to change. PMID- 1248996 TI - Arterial pressure contour analysis for estimating human vascular properties. AB - The form of an arterial blood pressure curve during the diastolic portion of the cardiac cycle was here employed to identify parameters in a third-order model of the vascular system. Calculated elastic and intertial characteristics of this fitted model then became clinically accessible indices of corresponding real vascular properties. This technique incurred no risk and little discomfort for the patient. Tested in theory, in animal experimentation, and in human observations, our procedure utilized a Gauss-Newton algorithm via digital computer to provide rapid model solutions from different starting values, from multiple measurements sites, and from normal or diseased patients. Model parameters thus determined defined ranges of normal variation and suggested a less compliant arterial bed in hypertensive than in normotensive patients. PMID- 1248997 TI - Respiratory volume-time relationships during resistive loading in the cat. AB - The first-breath (neural) effects of graded resistive loads added separately during inspiration and expiration was studied in seven anesthetized cats before and after bilateral vagotomy. Additions of airflow resistance during inspiration reduced the volume inspired (VI) and increased inspiratory duration (TI). The duration of the ensuing unloaded expiration (TE) was unchanged. Vagotomy eliminated the TI modulation with inspiratory loads. Tracheal occlusion at the onset of inspiration yielded TI values similar to the fixed values observed following vagotomy. Resistive loads added during expiration produced similar results. Expired volume (VE) decreased and (TE) increased approaching the values obtained after vagotomy. Unlike the inspiratory resistive loads, loading during expiration results in an upward shift in the functional residual capacity (FRC). The FRC shift produces a time lag between the onset of diaphragmatic (EMG) activity and the initiation of airflow of the next (unloaded) inspiration. These studies suggest separate volume-time relationships for the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the breathing cycle. Both relationships are dependent upon vagally mediated volume feedback. PMID- 1248998 TI - Comparative evaluation of pressure and time factors in estimating left ventricular performance. AB - Left ventricular and ascending aortic pressures were measured in open chest mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The data were digitized, averaged, and subgrouped by mean systolic aortic pressures (MSAP), end-diastolic pressure (EDP), and heart rate (HR). Seven raw and 32 derived variable from the pressure, as a function of time, wave forms were analyzed in each subgroup in the control state and following the infusion of catecholamines. A plot of control variability versus sensitivity to norepinephrine indicates that time to peak ventricular pressure (PVP time) is a more sensitive indicator of changes in the inotropic state than such other commonly used variables as max dP/dt, integrated isometric tension, and (max dP/dt)/developed pressure. PVP time also showed less variability with HR, EDP, and MSAP. Regression lines were also fit to the data using a second-order model. This permitted evaluation of experimentally varying either HR, EDP, or MSAP while maintaining the other two constant. PVP time was again one of the better variables in terms of sensitivity to HR, EDP, or MSAP. Vmax, fractional rate of change of power, preejection period, and systolic time were also analyzed and compared with PVP time using averaged data. PMID- 1248999 TI - Effects of hypoxia, heat, and humidity on physical performance. AB - The effects of hot, humid environment were compared with the effects of high altitude on the physical performance capacity of Ne-palese residents by measuring oxygen uptakes and heart rates at various work rates. The following groups of men were selected: 66 residents of a hot and humid environment in the Terai at sea level; 24 residents and 16 sojourners at 3,8000 m. The maximal oxygen uptake of the sea-level residents was, on the average, 2.55 1.min-1, at which a maximal heart rate of about 200 beats/min was reached. The sojourners at 3,800 m showed a higher maximal oxygen uptake (2.94 1. min-1) at their maximal heart rate of about 175 beats/min. The residents of 3,800 m achieved a similiar oxygen uptake as the sojourners, but did not show a similar maximal heart rate limitation, suggesting that they were capable of achieving a higher maximal oxygen uptake. This study shows that hot, humid environment at sea level is as much incapacitating as is hypoxia at high altitude. PMID- 1249000 TI - Local regulation of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation-perfusion ratios in the coatimundi. AB - Small catheters (ca. 3 mm diam at tip) were wedged in subsegmental bronchi in anesthetized coatimundi (Nasua nasua) during spontaneous breathing. Mixed expired gases of a group of lobules were sampled continuously without contamination from neighboring units, and local tidal volume, frequency, carbon dioxide production, and oxygen consumption were measured, as well as mixed venous PO2 and PCO2. Local ventilation-perfusion ratio, alveolar PO2, PCO2, and blood flow were calculated. There was a 22% reduction (range 15-38) in local perfusion (as percent of flow at PAO2 100 mmHg) per 10 mmHg fall in local alveolar oxygen tension over the PAO2 range 150-36 mmHg. Local hypercapnia had little effect on local flow. Local tidal volume (ca. 1% of total tidal volume) was unaffected by changes in alveolar gas tensions. The contribution of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation, as a negative feedback system, to the stability of local PAO2 was greatest close to the physiologic range (65-85 mmHg) falloderate efficiency. PMID- 1249001 TI - Decompression limits for compressed air determined by ultrasonically detected blood bubbles. AB - The direct decompression limits for a group of divers over a range of pressure time air exposures was determined using ultrasonic detection of venous gas emboli (VGE). In addition to dry chamber exposures, ranging from 233 ft for 7 min to 25 ft for 720 min, we exposed six divers to open ocean dives at 165 ft for 10 min. Findings demonstrated a strong individual propensity to form VGE, correlating with susceptibility to bends. No bends developed without the prior detection of precordial VGE. The present concept of no problems after any period of time at 30 fsw was not confirmed. Isopleths of equal percentage occurrence of VGE were computed between 10 and 60%. Open ocean exposures increased the percentage of VGE and bends, when compared to dry chamber exposures. Limiting tissue half times computed from the 20% VGE isopleth suggested that saturation exposures are controlled by a greater sensitivity of the short-half-time tissues than previously appreciated, rather than by additionally extended half times. PMID- 1249002 TI - Physiological adjustments of young men to five-hour desert walks. AB - Seven young men undertook a desert walk of 30 km at a rate of 100 m/min. Six finished; the seventh stopped after 24 km. Each satisfied his thirst with cool tap water each hour. Periodic observations included metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate, rectal and skin temperature, body weight, and volume of water drunk. Hand sweat was collected each hour and body sweat residues on the skin were collected at the end of the walk. Subjective reports revealed portents of breakdown: aching muscles, painful joints, hot or blistered feet, hunger, and boredom. Cardiovascular adjustment and temperature regulation maintained tolerable conditions. The volumes of water evaporated by the 5-h walkers were about the same. Wet bulb temperatures were below 25 degrees C; all sweat evaporated and was available for temperature regulation. The volume of water drawn from body reserves was closely correlated with concentration of chloride in body sweat; the volume of water that satisfied thirst maintained osmotic pressure. PMID- 1249003 TI - An ultrasensitive isometric force transducer for single smooth muscle cell mechanics. AB - The principles of operation, design, and performance of a differential photooptical transducer of very high sensitivity are described. Useful range is 10-2,000 mugf with sufficiently low drift to allow recordings of contractile responses of isolated single smooth muscle cells. Comparison with several previous designs is presented. PMID- 1249004 TI - Can impedance characterize the heart? AB - When considering the use of Fourier series in hemodynamics, the question is whether one can relate the frequency components of the flow oscillations to the corresponding ones of pressure using impedance concepts. For the arteries, this method provided the basis for great advances in understanding. However, it is precisely because the arterial tree acts almost linearly while its properties do not change markedly within one beat that frequency analysis achieved such success. For the ventricle, in which the mechanical properties vary widely over the course of one heart cycle, Fourier analysis loses its usefulness. Consequently, we must return to the time domain for formulating a description of the heart as a pump. A time-domain method, the impulse response, is suggested as a possible alternative to impedance. PMID- 1249005 TI - An inexpensive blood pressure-heart rate computer for laboratory or teaching use. AB - A special-purpose analog computer circuit is described that, given a signal proportional to arterial blood pressure, generates signals equal to systolic, diastolic, pulse, and mean pressure at a calibration of 100 mmHg/V. Heart period and rate are also derived at calibration of 1 s/V and 100 bpm/V, respectively. The outputs are step-function beat-by-beat changes in these six variables suitable either for analog recording, or presentation to a panel meter for digital display. PMID- 1249006 TI - Probe for production and measurement of acute mitral regurgitant flow in dog. AB - A probe for production and measurement of acute mitral regurgitation in dogs is described. It consists of a tube that is introduced into the mitral valve through the left atrial appendage. Regurgitant flow through the tube is measured by an electromagnetic device. Variation of flow and zero flow are achieved by narrowing or occluding the tube with a rubber cuff. In animals weighing 30-50 kg, the probe does not produce significant mitral stenosis and the mitral leaflets fit closely around the probe during ventricular systole. The instantaneous relationship between mitral regurgitant flow (MRF) and the gradient between left ventricular and left atrial pressure shows a marked delay of MRF at the beginning and end of regurgitation. This delay can be attributed to some extent to electrical phase lag and to the small movement of the probe relative to the mitral valve during the cardiac cycle. Measurement of regurgitant stroke volume is affected by this movement only to a small extent. PMID- 1249007 TI - Construction of picoliter-nanoliter self-filling volumetric pipettes. AB - A technique is described whereby-volume, self-filling micropipettes can be constructed with minimal time and effort. The delivery volumes of such pipettes may range from several picoliters to more than 100 nl. The delivery of a given pipette of even the smallest volume is precise, generally yielding standard deviations much less than 1% of the mean volume as measured by liquid scintillation counting of isotope dilutions. The technique offers considerable advantage to previously described techniques for constructing small constant volume pipettes. PMID- 1249008 TI - Nonobstructive chronic cannulation of the left circumflex coronary artery of the dog. AB - A cannulation technique for creating a nonobstructive port in a proximal coronary artery is described. The use of this technique in awake animals allows the blood pressure to be measured in a coronary artery distal to an experimentally produced stenosis. This port can also be used to inject drugs directly into the coronary bed. PMID- 1249009 TI - Application of the hot-wire anemometer to respiratory measurements in small animal. AB - A hot-wire anemometer was evaluated to determine its suitability for measurement of small tidal volumes. Used with a constant background flow of gas, the output of the hot-wire anemometer was linear and independent of respiratory frequency, temperature, and humidity. The change in output with CO2 concentration was negligible within the physiologic range. The use of a background flow eliminates the need for one-way valves, minimizes dead space, and maintains the flow velocity past the hot wire within its range of linear response. PMID- 1249010 TI - Relationships between goal clarity, participation in goal setting, and personality characteristics on job satisfaction in a scientific organization. PMID- 1249011 TI - Color-name interference at different times of day. PMID- 1249012 TI - Effects of bilateral and unilateral continuous and impact noise on equilibrium as measured by the rail test. PMID- 1249013 TI - Coping behaviors as intervening mechanisms in the inverted-U stress-performance relationship. PMID- 1249014 TI - Perceived situational moderators of the relationship between subjective role ambiguity and role strain. PMID- 1249015 TI - Relationship of stress to individually and organizationally valued states: higher order needs as a moderator. PMID- 1249016 TI - Leadership style, subordinate personality, and task type as predictors of performance and satisfaction with supervision. PMID- 1249017 TI - Behavioral effects of a noisy environment: task involvement versus passive exposure. PMID- 1249018 TI - Effects of source status and message favorability on acceptance of personality feedback. PMID- 1249019 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of capsaicin. AB - A simple and accurate method has been developed for the quantitative determination of capsaicin in capsicum spices and their oleosresins. Capsaicin is extracted with acetone and separated from interfering substances, using an activated alumina column. The column is first eluted with acetone, and then the capsaicin is eluted with acetone-methanol-water (75+25+2). The capsaicin is quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography, using a Carbowax 20M-Teflon column and piperine as an internal standard. Results can be calculated as per cent capsaicin or Scoville units. Recovery of added capsaicin averaged 101%. PMID- 1249020 TI - Simple method for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin and zearalenone in corn. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous detection of alfatoxin and zearalenone in corn at 5 and 200 ppb, respectively. No evaporation of solvent is required and the procedure is simple enough to be considered for use at marketing locations. The presence of absence of these myocotoxins can be determined in 10-20 min/sample. The procedure involves an initial blender extraction with methanol, partitioning of fat and pigments into 1-1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon-113) from an aqueous ammonium sulfate layer, followed by extraction of aflatoxin from the aqueous layer with chlorobenzene. The chlorobenzene extract can be spotted directly onto a thin layer chromatographic plate which requires only 4 min development. Concentrations of aflatoxin and zearalenone can be estimated by visual comparison of sample spots with standards. PMID- 1249021 TI - Collaborative study of a screening method for the detection of aflatoxins in mixed feeds, other agricultural products, and foods. AB - A screening method for aflatoxins was collaboratively tested on 11 different agricultural and food products: white and yellow corn, peanuts, peanut butter, pistachio nuts, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, chicken, pig, and turkey starter rations, and dairy cattle feed. The method involves a rapid extraction and cleanup procedure followed by the detection of total aflatoxins (B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) as a fluorescent band on the Florisil layer of a Velasco-type minicolumn. The results of 32 collaborators from 10 different countries are presented. Samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mug aflatoxins/kg were analyzed. Eighty-four per cent of the negative samples and 89% of the samples containing 10-25 mug total aflatoxins/kg were correctly identified. This method has been adopted as official first action for the detection of aflatoxins in corn, peanuts, peanut butter, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, mixed feeds, and pistachio nuts. PMID- 1249022 TI - Survey for aflatoxins and zearalenone in 1973 crop corn stored on farms and in country elevators. AB - A total of 315 marketable and 57 obviously damaged corn samples were collected at 116 different farms and country elevators located in the United States in countries selected from among those producing more than 1 million bushels of corn in 1972. The samples were analyzed for aflatoxins and zearalenone. The most striking correlations observed were between geographical area and mycotoxin contamination. Aflatoxin contamination was most frequently encountered in the Southeast-Appalachia areas with a 44% incidence of marketable corn with detectable aflatoxins. Zearalenone was most frequently encountered in the Corn Belt with 10% incidence in marketable corn from that region. When mycotoxin contamination was found in an establishment, most of the samples from that establishment were contaminated. There was no correlation between mycotoxin contamination and storage practices nor could the observed contamination of marketable corn be related to the contamination of the obviously damaged grain. These observations plus correlations with the geographic incidence and aflatoxin level distribution of published field contamination data suggest the possibility of a common contamination mode. PMID- 1249023 TI - Survey of U.S. wheat for ochratoxin and aflatoxin. AB - A total of 291 hard red winter wheat samples, 286 hard red spring wheat samples, and 271 soft red winter wheat samples were analyzed for the presecne of ochratoxin and aflatoxin. Samples in all grades came from those collected during crop years 1970-1973 for grade determinations by the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Sensitivity limits of the analytical method as carried out were 1-3 ppb aflatoxin B1 and 15-30 ppb ochratoxin A. No aflatoxin was detected in any sample. Three samples of hard red winter wheat (Grades U.S. No. 4 and 5 and Sample Grade) contained ochratoxin A (trace, 35, and 25 ppb, respectively). Eight of the hard red spring wheats contained ochratoxin A (15-115 PPB); these were in Grades U.S. No. 4 and 5 and Sample Grade. PMID- 1249024 TI - Screening method for the detection of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, penicillic acid, and citrinin. AB - A modification of the official method for ochratoxins and a screening method for zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin is described and expanded to include citrinin and penicillic acid. The method uses 0.5N phosphoric acidchloroform (1+10) in the initial extraction; the extract is divided and eluted from 2 columns to provide a quantitative thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method for aflatoxin and ochratoxin in corn and dried beans. Aflatoxin and zearalenone are eluted from one column and ochratoxin, penicillic acid, and citrinin from the other. Ochratoxin A recoveries are low (50%) in peanuts. Zearalenone, penicillic acid, and citrinin were qualitatively recovered from corn and beans; zearalenone and penicillic acid were recovered from peanuts but citrinin was not. Several TLC solvents were used to separate interferences. PMID- 1249025 TI - A spectrophotometric procedure, using carboxypeptidase A, for the quantitative measurement of ochratoxin A. AB - In the method described, ochratoxin A is eleaved into ochratoxin alpha (free isocoumarin chromophore) and phenylaline, using carboxypeptidase. Detection is based on the difference in fluorescence excitation spectra of ochratoxin A (380 NM, maximum) and ochratoxin alpha (340 nm, maximum). The quantitation of ochratoxin A is based on the loss of fluorescence intensity at 380 nm. The method has been used for the quantitative determination of as little as 4 mug ochratoxin A/kg barley and barley meal but it could be extended to other products. PMID- 1249026 TI - Detection of volatile solvents in gastric contents by gas phase infrared spectrophotometry. AB - A standard procedure for the identification of volatile solvents in the gas phase by infrared spectrophotometry has been modified and applied to the analysis of gastric contents. A 10 ml sample of the vapor from the gastric aspirate is removed with a hypodermic syringe, injected on a spectrophotometer from 2.5 to 15 nm. The sample is then identified by comparison with known reference spectra. Solvent concentrations cen be estimated by comparing the ratios of the major peaks. PMID- 1249027 TI - Collaborative study of a semiautomated method for the determination of crude protein in animal feeds. AB - A semiautomated method consisting of digestion of animal feeds in a block digestor and determination of ammonia by ammonia-salicylate reaction has been studied collaboratively, along with the official final action Kjeldahl method, sec. 7.016. Each collaborator analyzed 16 feed samples, tryptophan, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate NBS standard, and ammonium sulfate primary standard. Statistical analysis showed that the 2 methods agreed. The semiautomated method has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 1249028 TI - Determination of saccharin, sodium benzoate, and caffeine in beverages by reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is presented for the simultaneous separation and determination of sacchrain, sodium benzoate, and caffeine in soft drinks, fruit juices, fruit cocktails, fruit punches, coffee, and artificial sweetener concentrates. Decarbonated soft drinks, fruit punches, and artificial sweetener concentrates are injected directly into the chromatograph. Fruit juices and coffee solutions require filtration through a 0.45 mum pore membrane filter prior to injection. Samples are eluted from a mu Bondapak/C18 column with 5% glacial acetic acid and are quantitated with an ultraviolet detector. The results of saccharin, sodium benzoate, and caffeine determinations in 34 soft drinks (representing 11 manufacturers and 20 flavors); 8 fruit juices, cocktails, and punches; 7 coffees; and 6 artificial sweetener concentrates are presented. Average recoveries of saccharin, sodium benzoate, and caffeine from soft drinks are 99.0, 99.3, and 100.2%, respectively. PMID- 1249029 TI - Collaborative study of an automated method for the determination of crude protein in animal feeds. AB - An automated macro Kjeldahl instrument determines per cent protein at the rate of 20 samples/hr. The methodology involved is similar to the present official final action Kjeldahl method, sec. 7.016. The 2 methods were compared in a collaborative study. Sixteen animal feeds, 4 meats, tryptophan, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate NBS standard, and ammonium sulfate primary standard were analyzed by the participating laboratories. The data were agreement between the 2 methods. The automated method has been adopted as official first action for the determination of crude protein in feeds, plants, and cereal foods. PMID- 1249030 TI - Collaborative study of effect of light on cadmium and lead leaching from ceramic glazes. AB - A limited interlaboratory study was carried out to determine the effect of lighting conditions on the release of cadmium from ceramic glazes by 4% acetic acid. Cadmium release increased with increased exposure to light. Further interlaboratory study on plates manufactured under controlled conditions showed that if temperature, intensity of illumination, and time of exposure are specified, reproducible results for leaching of both lead and cadmium can be obtained. A modification of the official AOAC method, 25.031-25.034, to increase sensitivity was collaboratively studied by 8 laboratories. Each received 6 solutions of lead in 4% acetic acid (3 sets of blind duplicates at the 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8 mug/ml levels) plus a reagent blank. Average recoveries were 0.1006, 0.5056, and 0.8194 mug/ml, respectively, with coefficients of variation of 11.4, 3.3, and 2.8%, respectively. The proposed modification has been adopted as official first action, and a parameter for exposure to light during extraction has been included in the method. PMID- 1249031 TI - High-speed liquid chromatographic determination of o-phenylphenol residues in citrus products. AB - A method is presented for the quantitative analysis of o-phenylphenol residues in citrus oils, encapsulated flavors, and dried meal. The method utilizes high-speed liquid chromatography for the determination after specific sample preparations for each material. These preparations include hexane extraction of acidified basic extracts or steam distillation and extraction. The limit of the analysis is less than 1 ppm with an analysis time of less than 45 min. PMID- 1249032 TI - Partition chromatographic separation of pesticide residues from fats. AB - A simple, rapid, and efficient partitioning column consisting of acetonitrile on Florisil has been developed for the separation of pesticides from fish, beef, and butter fat. The efficiency of the cleanup column is between 97 and 100%. Nine pesticides having partition coefficients between n-hexane and acetonitrile of less than or equal to 0.05 were satisfactorily separated from fat with good recoveries. When the column was used to clean up temephos in a fish extract, 99.91% of the fat was eluted with 20 ml n-hexane with no loss of the pesticide. PMID- 1249033 TI - Collaborative study of an extension of the Mills et al. method for the determination of pesticide residues in foods. AB - Fifteen laboratories collaboratively determined parathion, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE in kale, and lindane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, and p,p'-DDE in eggs, using electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (potassium chloride thermionic detector for parathion). Pesticide levels ranged from 0.033 ppm heptachlor epoxide to 3.32 ppm p,p'-DDT. Mean recoveries (+/- standard deviations) were: parathion 91+/-15%, o,p'-DDT 99+/-8%, P,P'-DDT 97+/-8%, lindane 94+/-4%, dieldrin 106+/-8%, heptachloro epoxide 106+/-5%, p,p'-DDE 94+/-8% in eggs and 101+/-9% in kale. The methods have been adopted as official first action. PMID- 1249034 TI - Determination of quinomethionate (6-methylquinoline-2,3-diyldithiocarbonate) residues in crops by in situ fluorometry. AB - A simple method is described for the quantitative determination of quinomethionate (6-methylquinoline- 2,3 - diyldithiocarbonate) in crops. The pesticide residue is extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned in petroleum ether. After separation from the co-extractives by thin layer chromatography (TLC), the fluorescence is measured directly on a silica gel TLC plate. An average of 89% recovery is obtained at the 0.05 ppm level in apples, peaches, pears, and tomatoes. PMID- 1249035 TI - Reference Raman spectra of DDT and five structurally related pesticides and of five pesticides containing the norbornen group. AB - The Raman spectra of DDT and 5 structurally related pesticides, TDE (DDD), Perthane, methoxychlor, dicofol, and tetradifon, and of 5 pesticides containing the norbornene group, heptachlor, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, and endosulfan, have been recorded. These spectra are presented, along with tables giving values for the frequencies. PMID- 1249036 TI - Collaborative study of the determination of endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, tetrasul, and tetradifon residues in fresh fruits and vegetables. AB - A method for the determination of endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, tetrasul, and tetradifon residues in fresh fruits and vegetables was studied collaboratively. The method consists of extraction of the product with acetonitrile, ether and elution from a Florisil column with mixtures of hexane, methylene chloride, and acetonitrile, and determination of the residues by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. This method was studied by 8 collaborators, using apples and cucumbers as the samples. Each sample was spiked with 2 levels of each pesticide. The average per cent recoveries for apples and cucumbers, respectively were as follows: endosulfan I, 103.6 and 101.5; endosulfan II, 102.9 and 100.0; endosulfan sulfate, 100.9 and 92.9; tetrasul, 98.8 and 102.2; and tetradifon, 106.4 and 101.9. The method has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 1249037 TI - Substances interfering with the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of T-2 mycotoxin. AB - Two substances interfering with the gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) detection of T-2 mycotoxin were identified as 1-glyceryl-monooleate and 1 glycerylmonolinoleate. These monoglycerides are natural products formed by species of Fusarium growing on cereal grains and are also additives contained in liquid vegetable and animal fats added to the feed mixture. The monoglycerides can be removed from the analytical sample by resolution by thin layer chromatography prior to separation by GLC. Trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the monoglycerides and T-2 toxin have almost identical retention times on 3% OV-1 columns, whereas the trifluoroacetyl and pentafluoropropionyl derivatives give baseline separation on the same column. The monoglycerides can be misidentified as the T-2 toxin in analyses involbing GLC. PMID- 1249038 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic headspace method for vinyl chloride in vinegars and alcoholic beverages. AB - Vinyl chloride (VC) is determined in vinegars and alcoholic beverages by gas liquid chromatographic headspace analysis. The lower limit of detection is 10 ppb and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, single ion monitoring at m/e 62, is possible at this level. Comparison of the headspace and the direct injection methods for the determination of VC in vinegars and alcoholic beverages showed that the results obtained by the 2 methods were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 1249039 TI - The relative nitrogen utilization method for evaluating protein quality. AB - A single-dose rat assay for protein quality called relative nitrogen utilization (RNU) is described. The method includes a factor for the protein utilized for maintenance. The protein quality of the test protein is expressed as a per cent of the value for lactalbumin, the reference protein. For good quality proteins RNU gives results that are similar to those obtained by net protein ratio and relative protein value; for poor quality proteins RNU results fall between values by the other 2 methods. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) gives much lower values for poor quality proteins than any of the other 3 aforementioned methods and is influenced more by both level of protein and lipid in the diet. RNU is a more precise assay then PER as judged by the coefficient of variation. PMID- 1249040 TI - Collaborative study for the comparison of two methods for the determination of total cholesterol in multicomponent foods. AB - The gas chromatographic method for determining total cholesterol in multicomponent foods, collaboratively studied by the AOAC in 1974 (Method 1), has been evaluated by 9 collaborating laboratories and compared with the Interim Methodology Instructions No. 2 modified method (Method 2). The 5 samples selected for collaboration were deviled ham sandwich spread, vegetable beef stew, frozen chicken pot pie, frozen fish sticks, and mayonnaise. The recovery data were obtained from a sample of wheat germ oil spiked with 0.297% cholesterol as cholesteryl palmitate. Collaborators performed 2 replicate analyses on all samples by both methods. The statistical evaluation of the results showed that Method 1 is superior to Method 2. Average recoveries from the spiked wheat germ oil samples were 91.4% (9 laboratories) and 85.8% (7 laboratories) with coefficients of variation of 12.5 and 14.4%, respectively. Based on the collaborative results and statistical evaluation, Method 1 has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 1249041 TI - Analysis of bromide ion in wine by ion selective electrode. AB - The use of the bromide ion selective electrode for the determination of bromide ion in wine has been found to be rapid and reliable. The method has been used for still wines and carbonated wines and is applicable to all wines regardless of their country of origin. The method consists of treating a 50 ml aliquot of wine with 2 ml each of 3.75M H3PO4, saturated KNO3, and 1M CuSO4. After 10 min the electrodes are immersed in the samples and a millivolt reading is obtained. One hundred mul 500 ppm bromide ion standard is added and the millivolt reading is taken. Bromide ion concentration in the wine equals (Cdelta x 1)/((antilog deltaE/S)-1) where Cdelta equals 1, deltaE equals the change in potential expressed in millivolts, and S equals the electrode slope. PMID- 1249042 TI - Detection of sulfonamides in animal feeds. AB - The animal feed sample is extracted with ethanol or acetone and the extract is evaporated to dryness. Another portion of the same sample, spiked at the 3 ppm level with 8 sulfonamides, is similarly extracted and the extract is evaporated to dryness. The residue from each solution is dispersed with 5 ml 0.1N NaOH and, following the addition of 1 ml 1N HCl and mixing, the solution is filtered. The filtrate is mixed with Celite, transferred to a column, and eluted with ammoniacal ether. Aliquots of the concentrated sample and control eluates are spotted on a neutral Adsorbosil-1 thin layer chromatographic (TLC) plate. Following development in chloroform-methanol (95+5) and drying, the plate is sprayed with an alcoholic solution of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde until the control chromatogram shows 6 yellow spots which are, from top to bottom; sulfadimethoxine (SO), the combined sulfamerazine (SM)-sulfamethazine (SH) sulfaquinoxoline (SQ) spot, sulfadiazine (SD), sulfapyridine (SP), sulfathiazole (SZ), and sulfaguanidine (SG). A spot on the sample chromatogram can be identified if the Rf is identical to one of the 5 sulfonamides not overlapping with another compound. If the Rf of the sample spot is approximately the same as that of the combined SM-SH-SQ spot, more definite identification can be obtained by using basic Adsorbosil-1 TLC plates, with chloroform-methanol (92+8) as the developing solvent. PMID- 1249043 TI - Detection of arsanilic acid in animal feeds. AB - The animal feed sample is extracted with alcohol, the extract is evaporated to a small volume, and an aliquot is spotted on a silica gel H plate. After development of the plate in chloroform-methanol (80+20), the spotting area is scraped and extracted with ethanol, which is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 3 ml alcohol, and an aliquot is reacted with p dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution; another aliquot of the extract is used as a sample blank. A control is prepared by spiking another portion of the same feed with about 5 ppm arsanilic acid. The method is applicable in the presence of procaine and sulfonamides. PMID- 1249044 TI - Interlaboratory study of acid orange 12 dye binding for measuring protein in meat. AB - Six samples of beef and pork were analyzed by 4 laboratories, using the dye binding method. Dye binding protein was calculated by using a dye binding capacity of meat of 0.410 mg dye bound/g protein. Correlations of 0.976, 0.987, 0.996, and 0.995 were found between dye binding and Kjeldahl protein values. An analysis of covariance showed that the slopes of regression between dye binding and Kjeldahl protein for 3 laboratories were not significantly different at the 5% level. The adjusted means of the regression lines for the same 3 laboratories were significantly different at the 1% level. The results show that 3 of the laboratories were finding the same relationship between dye binding and Kjeldahl protein but were not in calibration with one another. PMID- 1249045 TI - Identification of some analogs of the hallucinogen phencyclidine. AB - The drugs 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine, 1-[1-2 thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine, 1-(-phenylcyclohexyl) morpholine, and 1-(1 phenyleyclohexyl) pyrrolidine are identified by spectroscopic techniques. The ultraviolet and proton magnetic resonance spectra of analogs are similar, but mass and infrared spectra are distinctly different, and reference spectra are provided. Gas-liquid ant thin layer chromatographic systems for the analysis are discussed. PMID- 1249046 TI - Collaborative study of a column chromatographic method for bendroflumethizide and cyclothiazide. AB - Bendroflumethiazide and cyclothiazide are eluted from a sodium carbonate column with chloroform-acetic acid (98+2) and are measured directly by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The method was collaboratively studied by 8 analysts. The average per cent recovery and standard deviations for simulated mixes of bendroflumethiazide and cyclothiazide were 99.61+/-0.78 and 99.3+/-1.97. The method has been adopted as official first action for the determination of bendroflumethiazide. PMID- 1249047 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of nikethamide in injectable preparations. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method, using a 4% XE-60 on 80-100 mesh Gas Chrom Q column, a flame ionization detector, and anthracene as the internal standard, has been developed for the direct determination of nikethamide. Eight collaborators analyzed 4 samples, using methanol as the solvent; the coefficients of variation obtained ranged from 1.19 to 3.20%. In a limited study with acetone as the solvent, the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.59 to 1.96%. The GLC method with acetone as a solvent has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 1249048 TI - Studies on the synthesis of rat liver fatty acid synthetase. AB - The synthesis of the multienzyme complex rat liver fatty acid synthetase was investigated utilizing modifications of methods developed in the laboratory of Schimke (Schimke, R. T. (1964) J. Biol. Chem. 239, 3808-3817 and Arias, I. M., Doyle, D., and Schimke, R. T. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3303-3315). The relative amounts of radioactivity from a pulse of labeled lysine appearing in polypeptides derived from purified synthetase complex can be measured compensating for the varying amounts of lysine per polypeptide chain. The results show that labeled amino acid is incorporated into polypeptides derived from the complex at heterogeneous rates. However, 10 to 15 hours after the administration of a pulse, the amount of label per lysine residue in these polypeptides is identical. The results support the previously proposed model of this multienzyme complex (Tweto, J., Dehlinger, P., and Larrabee, A. R. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48, 1371-1377). The previous work and that reported here suggests the existence of a pool of synthetase subunits which is an obligatory intermediate in both synthesis and turnover of the complex. The results obtained in this work are consistent with this model if the exchange of subunits into the intact complex is a relatively slow process requiring several hours to reach equilibrium. PMID- 1249049 TI - Biosynthesis of basement membrane collagen by rabbit corneal endothelium in vitro. AB - The synthesis of collagen has been demonstrated in endothelial cells of Descemet's membrane isolated from rabbit cornea. Incorporation of [14C]proline and [14C]lysine into nondialyzable protein was measured in the medium and cell fraction after incubating Descemet's membrane for up to 5 hours. In the [14C]collagen synthesized by the endothelium, 15% of the hydroxy[14C]proline was present as the 3-isomer. About 98% of the hydroxy[14C]lysine in the 14C-labeled protein found in the medium was glycosylated; 95% of the glycosylated hydroxy[14C]lysine was in the form of the disaccharide glucosyl-galactosyl hydroxy[14C]lysine. Time course experiments with [14C]proline indicated that there was a delay of about 60 min before significant amounts of [14C]collagen were secreted into the medium. The initial polypeptides of [14C]collagen synthesized by the corneal endothelium had an apparent molecular weight of 155,000. The chemical and physical properties of the [14C]collagen synthesized by rabbit corneal endothelium are consistent with those of basement membrane collagen synthesized by other cell types. PMID- 1249050 TI - Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. I. Purification of two new protease inhibitors and the endogenous protease by affinity chromatography. AB - Two new double-headed protease inhibitors have been isolated from black-eyed peas. The isoinhibitors can be purified to homogeneity with greater than 90% recovery in a four-step procedure by means of sequential affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose and chymotrypsin-Sepharose affinity columns. The isoinhibitors both have molecular weights near 8,000 and both have the same NH1 terminal residue serine. Black-eyed pea chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) has an isoelectric point of 5.1 and inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin simultaneously. Black-eyed pea trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI) has an isoelectric point of 6.5 and inhibits 2 molecules of trypsin simultaneously. BEPTI binds to chymotrypsin-Sepharose above pH 6 but does not inhibit chymotrypsin in the standard inhibitor assay with 10-3 M substrate. These new inhibitors are distinct from the Ventura inhibitor isolated from Serido black-eyed peas. An endogenous seed protease has been isolated from black-eyed peas by affinity chromatography on soybean inhibitor-carboxymethylcellulose affinity columns. A protease-BEPCI complex has been isolated by ion exchange chromatography. A dual physiological function of inhibition and protection of the seed protease is suggested as a plausible role of seed protease inhibitors. PMID- 1249051 TI - Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. IV. Half-site reactivity in the formation of complexes with trypsin and chymotrypsin. AB - Complex formation between two new double-headed protease inhibitors from black eyed peas, trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) and a trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI), and trypsin and chymotrypsin was investigated in the concentration range from 10-8 to 10-4 M by titration experiments and gel filtration chromatography. Dissociation equilibrium constants measured for complexes detected in the titration experiments range from as large as 10-8 M for trypsin bound nonspecifically to the chymotrypsin site of BEPCI to as small as 10-18 M2 for the interaction of BEPCI with chymotrypsin. The identity and stoichiometry of complexes detected during titration experiments were confirmed by gel filtration of mixtures of native and fluorescently labeled proteases and inhibitors. Half site reactivity is observed in the formation of complexes between BEPCI or BEPTI and trypsin and chymotrypsin at all experimentally practical concentrations. The double-headed complex contains 1 molecule each of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and BEPCI dimer. The bimolecular rate constants of complex formation between trypsin or chymotrypsin and isolated BEPCI oligomers range from 1.8 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 for chymotrypsin and BEPCI monomer to 4.4 X 10(7) M-1 S-1 for trypsin and the rapidly equilibrating BEPCI dimer. The estimated rate constants for the dissociation of half-site-liganded dimer complexes and liganded monomer complexes range from 7.5 X 10-3 S-1 for the trypsin-liganded BEPCI monomer complex to 1.6 X 10-6 S-1 for the chymotrypsin-liganded BEPCI dimer complex. PMID- 1249052 TI - Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. V. Analysis of the energetics of protease-inhibitor interactions. AB - The half-site reactivity of trypsin and chymotrypsin binding to two double-headed black-eyed pea protease inhibitors a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) had a trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI), is explained in terms of the energetics of these inhibitor-protease interactions. Free energy diagrams are constructed to facilitate interpretation of the energetics. Coupling-free energies are calculated to reflect the magnitude of the interdependence of protease-binding (alloassociation) and inhibitor subunit interactions (isoassociation). The experiment observation of the predominance of liganded monomer complexes for the lima bean inhibitor and the Bowman-Birk soybean inhibitor and the predominance of half-site-liganded complexes for BEPCI and BEPTI is the direct result of the magnitudes and signs of the coupling free energies which result from these protease-inhibitor interactions. PMID- 1249053 TI - Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. VI. Singlet-singlet energy transfer and other optical studies on the structure of trypsin and chymotrypsin complexes. AB - The geometry of the binary and ternary complexes of two black-eyed pea inhibitors with trypsin and chymotrypsin has been established by distance measurements using the technique of singlet-singlet energy transfer. Triangulation of measured distances in the ternary double-headed complex of the trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) with trypsin and chymotrypsin limits the possible structural models for this complex to those in which the center to center distance between trypsin and chymotrypsin is about 64 A, the distance from the center of trypsin to the single fluorescently labeled tyrosyl residue of the BEPCI dimer is about 33 A, and the distance between the chymotrypsin center and the labeled tyrosine of the inhibitor is about 43 A. Energy transfer results for the trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI) complexes show conclusively that the weak trypsin site is structurally analogous to the strong chymotrypsin binding site of BEPCI. The weak chymotrypsin binding site of BEPTI is structurally analogous to the strong trypsin sites of BEPCI and BEPTI. Corresponding distances in binary and ternary complexes are the same, indicating that little or no structural rearrangement occurs when the ternary complexes are formed. Complex formation was shown to involve tryptophan and tryosine residues of both trypsin and chymotrypsin as judged by absorption and circular dichroism difference spectroscopy. In addition, circular dichroism difference spectra revealed some disulfide contributions. PMID- 1249054 TI - Avian mitochondrial glutamine metabolism. AB - Intact avian liver mitochondria were shown to synthesize glutamine from glutamate in the absence of exogenous ATP and ammonia. With L-[U-14C]glutamate as the substrate, there was an approximate 1:1 stoichiometry between glutamate deaminated (as measured by the release of 14CO2 due to alpha-keto-[14C]glutarate oxidation) and glutamate amidated. With L-[15N]glutamate as the substrate, the isolated glutamine was shown by low and high resolution mass spectrometry of its phenylisothiocyanate derivative to contain 15N in both the alpha-amino and amide groups. Thus, for each mole of glutamate taken up, approximately 0.5 mol is deaminated and the other 0.5 mol serves as a substrate for glutamine synthetase previously localized in these mitochondria (Vorhaben, J. E., and Campbell, J. W. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247,2763). The permeability of L-glutamine to intact avian liver mitochondria was studied by a rapid centrifugation technique. Efflux as well as influx of L-glutamine were both rapid and appeared to occur by a passive, energy-independent process. These results indicate that the mitochondrial glutamine synthetase present in uricotelic species represents the primary ammonia detoxication reaction in that ammonia released intramitochondrially during amino acid catabolism is converted to glutamine for efflux to the cytosol where it may serve as a substrate for purine (uric acid) biosynthesis. PMID- 1249055 TI - Exchange of 3-O-methylglucose in isolated fat cells. Concentration dependence and effect of insulin. AB - 3-O-[14C]Methylglucose was used to study the insulin action on the sugar transport in white fat cells. The experiments comprised determinations of the 3-O methylglucose space at stationary distribution, of the rate constants for 3-O methylglucose equilibrium exchange under various conditions, and of the 3-O methylglucose inhibition of the lipogenesis from glucose. The following was found. The intracellular distribution space for 3-O-methylglucose at equilibrium was unaffected by insulin and was identical with the intracellular 3H2O space. The half-time for the equilibrium exchange of 3-O-methylglucose at a concentration of 25 mM was about 240 s in the absence of insulin and about 15 s with insulin (0.7 muM) present. Addition of phloridzin (5 mM) decreased the rate of the exchange process about 25-fold in both cases. The self-exchange of 3-O methylglucose (1 mM) was at least 50 times faster than the self-exchange of L glucose (1 mM). The concentration dependence of the 3-O-methylglucose exchange rate was approximately hyperbolic both in the absence and the presence of insulin, although the saturation of the transport mechanism at high concentrations of sugar was not as complete as predicted. In the absence of insulin the estimate of the half-saturation constant (Kt) was about 5 mM; that of the maximal exchange rate (Vmax) varied from 0.07 mmol s-1/liter of intracellular water to 0.2 mmol s-1 liter-1. In the presence of insulin Kt remained about 5 mM, whereas Vmax was increased to about 1.7 mmol s-1 liter-1. The latter estimate was reproducible within about 20%. The incorporation of trace amounts of [U 14C]glucose into intracellular lipids was inhibited by unlabeled 3-O methylglucose pre-equilibrated over the membrane. The inhibition constant estimated from such experiments was about 5 mM both in the absence and the presence of insulin, and the insulin-induced increase in the rate of glucose incorporation was similar to the increase in the rate of the 3-O-methylglucose exchange process. It is concluded that exchange of 3-O-methylglucose proceeds via a mechanism which shows stereospecificity and saturability and that insulin acts by increasing the maximal transport capacity without changing the half-saturation constant. PMID- 1249056 TI - Purification and some properties of a monoacylglycerol-hydrolyzing enzyme of rat adipose tissue. AB - A monoacylglycerol-hydrolyzing enzyme has been purified 2500-fold from rat adipose tissue. The key step was the solubilization of the enzyme, presumably as an enzyme-detergent complex, by sonication with a nonionic polyoxyethylene alcohol detergent. The purification was achieved by ion exchange and gel chromatography, and isoelectric focusing, in the presence of detergent. By sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis the enzyme protein was more than 85% pure. This method indicated a minimum molecular weight of 32,900. The preliminary amino acid composition, excluding tryptophan, could best be fitted with a value of 31,800. The purified enzyme had a pI of 7.2, an estimated Stokes radius of 39 A by gel chromatography and a pH optimum of 8.0. Enzyme stability was highly dependent on presence of detergent and free sulfhydryl groups. The enzyme was responsible for the main monoacylglycerol- but only a small part of the p nitrophenylacetate-hydrolyzing activity of crude adipose tissue extracts and hydrolyzed 1(3)- and 2-monooleoylglycerol at equal rates. Under the assay conditions used it did not catalyze the hydrolysis of emulsified trioleoylglycerol, micellar or emulsified dioleoylglycerol, emulsified cholesterol oleate or micellar lysophosphatidylcholine. It is possible that the enzyme may be a specific monoacylglycerol hydrolase. PMID- 1249057 TI - Synthesis of human placental lactogen messenger RNA as a function of gestation. AB - It was shown previously that 4 to 5 times more human placental lactogen (hPL) was synthesized in cell-free extracts from term placentae than in comparable extracts prepared from first trimester tissue. In an attempt to define what accounts for this differential rate of synthesis RNA was prepared from first trimester and term placentae. Following purification through an oligo(dT)-cellulose column, these RNA preparations were tested for their ability to direct the synthesis of the hPL precursor in the wheat germ cell-free system. With similar amounts of first trimester and term mRNA, the overall efficiency as defined by the stimulation of total amino acid incorporation was comparable. However, there was approximately 4 times more hPL synthesized in the presence of term RNA. This was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tryptic fingerprinting. The peak of the hPL precursor messenger activity sedimented at 12 to 13 S on sucrose gradient. Analysis of the RNA by formamide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis further supported this value. The data indicate that the increased synthesis of hPL at term reflects greater levels of hPL mRNA in term tissue than in first trimester tissue. The data also show that the overall in vivo levels of hPL can be correlated not only with the increase in placental syncytial mass during pregnancy but also in the greater proportion of hPL synthesized per g of tissue. The latter results from the continual differentiation of the placenta occurring throughout gestation. PMID- 1249058 TI - Alanine and glutamine synthesis and release from skeletal muscle. I. Glycolysis and amino acid release. AB - The synthesis and release of alanine and glutamine were investigated with an intact rat epitrochlaris muscle preparation. This preparation will maintain on incubation for up to 6 hours, tissue levels of phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, lactate, and pyruvate closely approximating those values observed in gastrocnemius muscles freeze-clamped in vivo. The epitrochlaris preparation releases amino acids in the same relative proportions and amounts as a perfused rat hindquarter preparation and human skeletal muscle. Since amino acids were released during incubation without observable changes in tissue amino acids levels, rates of alanine and glutamine release closely approximate net amino acid synthesis. Large increases in either glucose uptake or glycolysis in muscle were not accompanied by changes in either alanine or glutamine synthesis. Insulin increased muscle glucose uptake 4-fold, but was without effect on alanine and glutamine release. Inhibition of glycolysis by iodacetate did not decrease the rate of alanine synthesis. The rates of alanine and glutamine synthesis and release from muscle decreased significantly during prolonged incubation despite a constant rate of glucose uptake and pyruvate production. Alanine synthesis and release were decreased by aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase. This inhibition was accompanied by a compensatory increase in the release of other amino acids, such as aspartate, an amino acid which was not otherwise released in appreciable quantities by muscle. The release of alanine, pyruvate, glutamate, and glutamine were observed to be interrelated events, reflecting a probable near-equilibrium state of alanine aminotransferase in skeletal muscle. It is concluded that glucose metabolism and amino acid release are functionally independent processes in skeletal muscle. Alanine release reflects the de novo synthesis of the amino acid and does not arise from the selective proteolysis of an alanine-rich storage protein. It appears that the rate of alanine and glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle is dependent upon the transformation and metabolism of amino acid precursors. PMID- 1249059 TI - Alanine and glutamine synthesis and release from skeletal muscle. II. The precursor role of amino acids in alanine and glutamine synthesis. AB - The synthesis and release of alanine and glutamine have been studied in the intact rat epitrochlaris skeletal muscle preparation. Aspartate, cysteine, leucine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, serine, theronine, and glycine increased significantly the formation and release of alanine from muscle. Cysteine, leucine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, lysine, and phenylalanine increased the rate of glutamine synthesis. Only ornithine, arginine, and tryptophan were without effect on the synthesis of either alanine or glutamine. Half-maximal stimulation of alanine and glutamine formation by added amino acids was observed with concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Increases in alanine and glutamine formation were not accompanied by changes in pyruvate production or glucose uptake. The progressive decline in alanine and glutamine synthesis noted on prolonged incubation was prevented by the addition of amino acids to the incubation medium. Stimulation of alanine synthesis by added amino acids was unaffected by inhibition of glycolysis with iodoacetate. Inhibition of alanine aminotransferase with aminooxyacetate significantly decreased alanine formation. Pyruvate and ammonium chloride did not increase further the rate of either alanine or glutamine formation above that produced by added amino acids. These data indicate that most amino acids are precursors for alanine and glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle. A general mechanism is presented for the de novo formation of alanine from amino acids in skeletal muscle, and the importance of proteolysis for the supply of amino acid precursors for alanine and glutamine synthesis is discussed. PMID- 1249060 TI - Affinity partitioning of membranes. Cholinergic receptor-containing membranes from Torpedo californica. AB - Affinity partitioning has been employed in the purification of membranes rich in cholinergic receptor from Torpedo californica electric organs. The procedure involves a modification of poly(ethylene oxide)-dextran aqueous phase partitioning systems where a ligand selective for the receptor is conjugated to the poly(ethylene oxide). Specific partitioning of the receptor-containing membranes into the poly(ethylene oxide)-rich phase occurs when bis-alpha,omega trimethylamino poly(ethylene oxide) or bis-rho-tri-methylammonium phenylamino poly(ethylene oxide) was added to the phase system in low mole ratio. bis alpha,omega-Methylamino poly(ethylene oxide), which should impart equivalent interfacial electromotive potential to the system but bind poorly to the receptor sites, was much less effective in producing phase distribution changes. The ligand-polymer-dependent phase distribution shifts were blocked by bisquaternary methonium ligands at concentrations consistent with their relative affinities for the cholinergic receptor. Titration or receptor sites with cobra alpha-toxin decreased the phase distribution changes in a linear fashion up to the point of stoichiometry. These observations are consistent with the phase distribution changes being consequent to ligand-polymer association with the pharmacologically important site on the receptor. The affinity partitioning procedure, when employed following an initial purification of the membranes by differential and density gradient centrifugation, yields membrane preparations with a high degree of morphological uniformity and a specific activity between 2.9 and 4.6 nmol of bound cobra alpha-toxin/mg of protein. PMID- 1249061 TI - Regulation of carbohydrate uptake in gram-positive bacteria. AB - Uptake of glycerol and other carbohydrates by Staphylococcus aureus cells is sensitive to regulation by sugar substrates of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Inhibition requires an intact phosphotransferase system. In contrast to results obtained with Gram-negative bacteria, it appears that intracellular sugar phosphate is the inhibiting species. PMID- 1249062 TI - Intermolecular tritium transfer in the transcarboxylase reaction. AB - Transfer of tritium from [3-3H]pyruvate into propionyl-CoA is found during the reaction of transcarboxylase: Methylmalonyl-CoA + pyruvate leads to oxalacetate + propionyl-CoA. About 5% of the tritium counts that are labilized in the reaction are found in a position of the propionate that exchanges rapidly with water in the presence of transcarboxylase. Transfer from [2-3H]propionate of propionyl-CoA to pyruvate is real but only about one-tenth as great. The tritium transfers between reactants on two subunits are difficult to explain by a "carbanion" mechanism of --C--H bond cleavage and support the cyclic mechanism in which carboxybiotin itself is the base and the enol form of biotin is the proton transferring agent. PMID- 1249063 TI - Evidence that approximately eighty per cent of the soluble proteins from Ehrlich ascites cells are Nalpha-acetylated. AB - Analysis of soluble Ehrlich ascites proteins by the Sanger procedure revealed methionine, alanine, valine, and glycine as the major NH2-terminal amino acids. The average monomer weights of these proteins calculated from the yields of NH2 terminal amino acids was 144,000. In contrast, the average monomer weight of Ehrlich ascites soluble proteins calculated from the data obtained after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate was 32,500. The explanation for the disparity in the estimates of average monomer weight obtained by the procedures appears to be that extensive blocking of alpha NH2 groups by acetate occurs in these proteins, i.e. of the acetate present in the acidic peptides isolated from proteolytic digests of ascites proteins, 23.2 nmol/mg of protein appears to originate from N-acetyl amino acids. These results suggest that approximately 80% of the soluble proteins from Ehrlich ascites cells contain acetate at their NH2-terminal residues. The extensive N-acetylation of proteins does not appear to be limited to Ehrlich ascites cells and may be characteristic of eukaryotic proteins. PMID- 1249064 TI - Synthesis of 1alpha-hydroxy [6-3H]vitamin D3 and its metabolism to 1alpha, 25 dihydroxy [6-3H]vitamin D3 in the rat. AB - 1alpha-Hydroxy [6-3H]vitamin D3 has been synthesized with a specific activity of 4 Ci/mmol, and its metabolism in rats has been studied. It is rapidly converted to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy [6-3H]vitamin D3 in vivo. Following an intravenous or oral dose, a maximal concentration of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy [6-3H]vitamin D3 is found 2 and 4 hours, respectively, before the maximal intestinal calcium transport response is observed. Similarly, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 accumulation in bone precedes the bone calcium mobilization response. It appears, therefore, that the biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is largely, if not exclusively, due to its conversion to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 1alpha Hydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 appear in intestine equally well after an oral or an intravenous dose of 1alpha-hydroxy[6 3H]vitamin D3. However, much less of both 1alpha-hydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 appears in bone and blood after an oral than after an intravenous dose. A much reduced bone calcium mobilization response is also noted following an oral dose as compared to an intravenous dose of 1alpha hydroxyvitamin D3, suggesting that oral 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is not utilized as well as intravenously administered material. PMID- 1249065 TI - Metabolism of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the chick. AB - Chicks convert both orally and intravenously administered 1alpha-hydroxy[6 3H]vitamin D3 rapidly to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3. The maximal accumulation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 in intestine precedes the intestinal absorption response to 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 by at least 2 hours. Oral administration results in the highest concentrations of 1alpha,25 dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 in intestine, giving a level about 1.5 times that achieved with an intravenous dose. On the other hand, an oral dose of 1alpha hydroxy[6-3H]vitaminD3 gives much lower amounts of both 1alpha-hydroxy[6 3H]vitamin D3 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 in bone and blood than an intravenous dose, which suggests that the 1alpha-hydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 may not be utilized as well by the oral route as by an intravenous route. Liver homogenates from both rat and chick convert 1alpha-hydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3. However, intestinal homogenates from chick, but not rat, can also cary out this conversion, which may account for the higher concentration of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3 found in the intestine of chicks given an oral dose of 1alpha-hydroxy[6-3H]vitamin D3. PMID- 1249066 TI - Effect of dietary protein and tryptophan and the turnover of rat liver ornithine aminotransferase. AB - Under controlled conditions of diet, age, and animal management we confirmed our earlier studies that the fractional turnover rate constant of rat liver ornithine aminotransferase (L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.13) was about 0.4 day-1 when estimated by tracer technique. However, when estimated by the kinetics of enzyme activity perturbation during dietary induction or return to normal levels, a value of about 0.7 day-1 was obtained. This discrepancy may now be attributed in part to a transistory change in the fractional rate constant during enzyme adaption. PMID- 1249067 TI - Purification and subunit structure of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase III from the mouse plasmacytoma, MOPC 315. AB - Class III DNA-dependent RNA polymerases were purified from the mouse plasmacytoma, MOPC 315. RNA polymerases IIIA and IIIB were solubilized from a whole cell extract and resolved by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex, CM-Sephadex, and phosphocellulose ion exchange resins and sedimentation in sucrose density gradients yielded chromatographically homogeneous Enzymes IIIA and IIIB which were purified approximately 22,000 and 53,000-fold respectively, relative to whole cell extracts. The specific activity of these enzymes was comparable to that reported for other purified eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis suggested a molecular weight of approximately 650,000 for each of the class III enzymes. PMID- 1249068 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies of glutamate-alanine transaminase-catalyzed deuterium exchange. Evidence for proton conservation during prototropic transfer from the alpha carbon of L-alanine to the C4-position of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - Pulsed Fourier transform proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the glutamate-alanine transaminase-catalyzed incorporation of deuterium from solvent deuterium oxide into the alpha and beta positions of L-alanine. It was found that the beta proton resonance signal initially disappears slightly faster than the signal due to the alpha proton, but whereas the alpha proton signal decays exponentially, that due to the beta proton signal does not. Eventually, the rate of decrease of the alpha proton signal becomes greater than that for the beta proton. This change in the relative rates is ascribed to a deuterium isotope effect upon substitution of an alpha proton by a deuteron. Furthermore, as deuterium begins to replace hydrogen, two classes of alanine become distinguishable, i.e. alanine which contains deuterium in the alpha position and hydrogen in the beta position, and alanine which contains hydrogen in the alpha position and deuterium in the beta position. Thus, removal of all 3 beta protons is not contingent upon loss of an alpha proton from the same molecule. The two classes of deuterated alanine may conceivably arise by a scrambling mechanism in which protons are transferred from the alpha to the beta position and vice versa. Present evidence excludes this scramblong mechanism and leads to the conclusion that deuterium incorporation into L-alanine involves, (a) the reversible enzymatic conversion of the classical ketimine enzymes intermediate to an enaminetype structure, and (b) considerable conservation of label during the prototropic shift from the alpha carbon of L-alanine to the C4-position of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. It is also postulated that alanine binds at the active site in such a way as to bring the beta protons into close contact with a basic group on the enzyme surface. This group is distinct from that used in abstraction of an alpha proton. The beta protons of glutamate are not enzymatically removed; presumably glutamate binds in such a way that the beta protons cannot effectively interact with an enzyme base. Similar studies were carried out on soluble glutamate-aspartate transaminase; no evidence was found for significant enzyme catalyzed deuterium incorporation into the beta position of L-glutamate, L aspartate, and L-alanine. PMID- 1249069 TI - Polypeptide halomethyl ketones bind to serine proteases as analogs of the tetrahedral intermediate. X-ray crystallographic comparison of lysine- and phenylalanine-polypeptide chloromethyl ketone-inhibited subtilisin. AB - 1. A detailed study of cytochrome C oxidse activity with Keilin-Hartree particles and purified beef heart enzyme, at low ionic strength and low cytochrome C concentrations, showed biphasic kinetics with apparent Km1 = 5 x 10(-8) M, and apparent Km2 = 0.35 to 1.0 x 10(-6) M. Direct binding studies with purified oxidase, phospholipid-containing as well as phospholipid-depleted, demonstrated two sites of interaction of cytochrome c with the enzyme, with KD2 less than or equal to 10(-7) M, and KD2 = 10(-6) M. 2... PMID- 1249070 TI - Differential effects of sulfhydryl reagents on activation and deactivation of the fat cell hexose transport system. AB - A rapid filtration method was used to measure initial rates of 3-O [3H]methylglucose uptake and thus estimate hexose transport system activity in isolated white fat cells. Insulin markedly stimulated the transport system activity and its effect was rapidly and completely reversible. In addition, such oxidants as vitamin K5 (50 muM), hydrogen peroxide (4mM), methylene blue (50 muM), and diamide (20 mM) also maximally activated 3-O-methylglucose transport and their effects were not additive to those of maximal concentrations of insulin. These oxidants had no effect on total cellular ATP levels under these conditions. Hexose transport system activity in either the presence or absence of these stimulatory agents was uniformly sensitive to inhibition by cytochalasin B. Treatment of fat cells with either 0.5 mM N-ethylmaleimide or 3 mM dithio(bis)nitrobenzoic acid abolished the ability of insulin or oxidants to activate hexose transport system activity. Control transport activity was not significantly influenced by these agents. Fat cells treated with dithio(bis)nitrobenzoic acid completely regained the ability to respond to insulin or vitamin K5 after removal of the agent by washing in low concentrations of reductant. Elevated rates of transport due to prior incubation of cells with insulin or vitamin K5 were completely resistant to inhibition by subsequent addition of N-ethylmaleimide or dithio(bis)nitrobenzoic acid. Deactivation of the hormone-stimulated transport system could be achieved by washing cells free of insulin or by destruction of insulin-receptor interaction by trypsin. N Ethylmaleimide effectively blocked deactivation of insulin-stimulated transport system activity, while dithio(bis)nitrobenzoic acid was without effect. These results suggest that distinct cellular components mediate activation versus deactivation of the fat cell hexose transport system. N-Ethylmaleimide, which effectively penetrates fat cells, inhibits both processes while the layer, more polar dithio(bis)nitrobenzoic acid blocks activation but not deactivation of this transport system. PMID- 1249071 TI - Modification of the epidermal growth factor affecting the stability of its high molecular weight complex. AB - The epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be isolated from the submaxillary gland of the adult male mouse as part of a high molecular weight complex (HMW-EGF). This complex can be reversibly dissociated into its subunits, EGF AND EGF-binding protein, an arginine esteropeptidase (Taylor, J. M., Cohen, S., and Mitchell, W. M. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 67, 164-171). The COOH-terminal arginine residue of EGF was quantitatively removed by digestion with carboxypeptidase B... PMID- 1249072 TI - Calcium uptake of a rat liver microsomal subcellular fraction in response to in vivo administration of carbon tetrachloride. AB - ATP-dependent calcium uptake of rat liver microsomes is examined following ingestion of CC14 (2.5 ml/kg). Within 30 min there is an abrupt drop in calcium uptake activity of the liver microsomes. This activity remains down for 48 hours before slowly returning to normal levels. The effect is specific for CC14 as contrasted with CHC13 and CH2Cl2. The CCl4 does not affect similar calcium uptake activity of kidney microsomes. Calcium uptake activity of the liver mitochondria is unaffected. The first 12 hours after CCl4 ingestion there is a relatively slow rise in the calcium content of the liver tissue and mitochondria. After 12 hours a much larger influx of calcium into the tissue and the mitochondria takes place. Forty-eight hours after CCl4 ingestion the process begins to slowly reverse. The following postulated sequence may relate to the CCl4 hepatotocicity. CCl4 is activated to free radicals by the liver endoplasmic reticulum. The free radical inactivate calcium pump activity of the liver endoplasmic reticulum. Calcium levels of the cytoplasm increase and significantly modify ion permeability of the plasma membrane. High levels of external calcium enter the cytoplasm and are sequestered in the mitochondria. The high level of mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The specific sensitivity of the calcium pump activity of liver microsomes to CCl4 further establishes the identity of a system seperate from the mitochondrial system. The above postulated sequence of events would suggest a critical role in liver metabolism for calcium pump activity of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1249073 TI - Editorial: Differential diagnosis of the hepatic porphyrias. PMID- 1249074 TI - Amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. AB - The beta subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-beta) from human pituitary glands was reduced and S-aminoethylated prior to thermolytic, tryptic, and chymotryptic digestions. Each digest was gel-filtered on Sephadex G-50 to seperate the glycopeptides. The glycopeptides and the peptides were isolated by high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 6, 3.5, and 2.0. The purity of the isolated peptides was confirmed by amino acid analyses. The amino acid sequences of peptides were determined by Edman degradation followed by subtractive amino acid analysis and, in certain cases, confirmed by dansylation. COOH-terminal sequences of the peptides were determined by digestion with carboxypeptidases A and B and by hydrazinolysis. The tryptophan content of human follicle-stimulating hormone, of the beta subunit of human follicle-stimulating hormone, and of the glycopeptides obtained from the enzymic digests was determined by fluorescence spectra, titration against N-bromosuccinimide, colorimetric estimation with p dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde, hydrolysis with methane sulfonic acid containing 0.2% tryptamine followed by amino acid analysis, microbiological assay, and sequence analysis. The presence of 1 tryptophan residue in the beta subunit was indicated. PMID- 1249075 TI - Mechanical behavior of the human annulus fibrosus. PMID- 1249076 TI - Effects of viscoelasticity of blood on wave propagation in the circulation. PMID- 1249077 TI - The relaxed oscillation technique for the determination of the moment of inertia of limb segments. PMID- 1249078 TI - Fatigue life of compact bone--I. Effects of stress amplitude, temperature and density. PMID- 1249079 TI - The interplay of muscular and external forces in human ambulation. PMID- 1249080 TI - Momentary distribution of forces under the foot. PMID- 1249081 TI - The generalized entry flow problem and the establishment of Poiseuille flow in locally constricted tubes. PMID- 1249082 TI - Letter to the editors: Comment on the prediction of reaction forces from gait data. PMID- 1249083 TI - The tensile properties of developing fetal elastic tissue. PMID- 1249084 TI - Hydrophilized polyethylene catheters. AB - Complications arising in the application of polyethylene catheters in surgery may be reduced by their surface hydrophilization. This study describes a combination of chemical transformation and coating with a hydrophilic gel. Modified catheters were tolerated well by the patients and in contrast with the original catheters, they did not lead to the formation of thrombi or phlebitis. PMID- 1249085 TI - Effects of solvent casting copolymer materials as related to mechanical properties. AB - Using a well characterized series of styrene butadiene triblock copolymers a systematic study was carried out to determine the influence of casting solvent, used for film preparation, on the final mechanical properties. The results clearly indicate that in the range of styrene contents of 30-40 mol %, the modulus behavior is greatly affected as the solubility parameter of the casting solvent, delta, is varied. Specifically, the modulus increases as delta increases to the value of polystyrene. At lower or higher styrene content, the properties are influenced but to a much lesser degree. Other mechanical properties measured were yield stress and breaking stress. The ramifications of these data are discussed in light of preparing prosthetic material via solvent casting. PMID- 1249086 TI - The biostability of silicone rubbers, a polyamide, and a polyester. AB - A biostability test program was designed after evaluation of the relevant literature on in vivo aging phenomena in plastics and elastomers. The program comprised macroscopic, microscopic, mechanical, and physicochemical investigations. Five silicone rubbers, one polyester, and one polyamid were tested as to their aging behavior and their suitability for long-term implantation in the human body was assessed. In order to be able to state the applicability of materials used for endotheses, the various aging phenomena had to be divided into three groups, viz. unspecific, relative, and absolute indications of aging or unserviceability. Changes due to aging were found in all types of implanted plastics and elastomers. Thus, the formation of layers on inlay surfaces occurred regularly and the same would apply to changes in mechanical characteristics during the tensile test. Aging processes resulting in total unserviceability were fragmentation and crazing in the polyester and polyamide sheetings. Other aging phenomena which will easily fit into the classification given above are changes in electrical test values, protein, and lipid depositions without stronger absorptive adhesion, crystallizations on the surface of silicone vulcanizates, and chemical changes in the polyester and polyamide sheetings. Following the assessment of the materials used for endotheses, the test methods used have been evaluated with regard to their suitability for the testing of biostability. PMID- 1249087 TI - Transient diffusion effects in the study of early platelet adhesion. AB - In the study of interactions of blood with artificial surfaces, it is common practice to wet these surfaces with a saline solution before exposing them to blood. The effect of this procedure on subsequent adhesion of blood platelets has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally, with a spinning disc apparatus. A large part of the observed delay in the initiation of platelet adhesion when using this apparatus is attributed to the time involved in displacing the prewetting fluid and bringing platelets near the surface. This observation is relevant to speculations of other researchers about the time course of adhesion-related reactions at the surface-proper. Other theoretical solutions are developed for the transient Leveque problem, which relates to a uniform shear-flow near a surface, and for a stagnation point apparatus. These solutions are compared with delay effects noticed in experimental data published by others. PMID- 1249088 TI - Wear of polymeric bearing materials: the effects of in vivo implantation. AB - The gross biocompatibility of the materials implanted was generally satisfactory. Weight gain during implantation due to net sorption of fluid was negligible for PPO and UHMWPE. Delrin AF specimens gained less than 0.5%, while SP-1 and SP-21 gained up to 2% in weight. Amoco-AI specimens gained up to 7% in weight. The friction coefficient of implanted samples of UHMWPE was lower by 20 to 40% than for the virgin material. The friction coefficient of the other implanted materials was usually somewhat higher than the friction coefficient of the corresponding virgin material. The largest increase in the friction coefficient was 38% for Delrin AF. Wear characteristics of UHMWPE were not significantly changed by implantation for periods of three years. UHMWPE was the only acceptable bearing material tested. Significantly higher wear rates were observed for implanted blocks of the SP-21, a Delrin AF, and an Amoco-AI material. Because of excellent creep resistance, virgin wear rates, and other favorable properties of the polyimides, further testings are in progress to indicate potential application of these polymers. PMID- 1249089 TI - Surface hydroxylation of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers for biomaterials. AB - This work pertains to the development of high strength elastomers potentially useful as nonthrombogenic cardiovascular prostheses. Triblock copolymers of the styrene-butadiene-styrene type have been subjected to surface hydroxylation which provide reactive sites at the surface for the subsequent coupling of heparin while retaining the unique mechanical properties of the SBS copolymers. Curves of hydroxyl content versus the copolymer film thickness demonstrate the effect of swelling in the surface region on the product distribution and on the time dependence of the hydroxylation process. In addition, the effect of time, temperature, and the composition of the reaction bath on the diffusion/reaction process is shown. Finally, the general applicability of this surface modification scheme to the development of biomaterials is discussed. PMID- 1249090 TI - Canine tendon studies. II. Biomechanical evaluation of normal and regrown canine tendons. AB - Some of the mechanical properties of regrown canine tendons are compared to those of normal tendons of young and mature animals. Patellar and Achilles tendons from 12 beagle dogs were removed and studied with their bone origin and insertions. Mechanical tests were performed within 24 hr and test conditions simulated the physiological function of the tendon in vivo at room temperature. Specimens were soaked in Ringers solution and mounted in an Instron testing machine with load deflection curves plotted automatically. The parameters used for analysis were load extension, stress relaxation, elastic limit, and strain rate dependence. The regrown tendons in young animals appeared to quickly adjust in dimension and structure so that their properties were not significantly different from those of normal tendons on a load extension basis. The normal tendons were stiffer than regrown ones but the modulus of elasticity increased with age. The Achilles were stiffer than patellar tendons. Cyclic loading with 25 kg did not affect reconstructed tendon models, although some increase in stiffness was noted. The elastic modulus decreased with an increase in ambient temperature and increasing strain rate. PMID- 1249091 TI - Influence of application technique on microstructure and strength of acrylic restorations. AB - An investigation was made of the influence of application techniques on the microstructure and properties of an acrylic tooth restorative. Mixtures of acrylic powder and monomer ("Sevriton Simplified") were applied by the brush technique of Nealon (J. Prosth. Dent., 2, 513, 1952) and by two bulk flow techniques. While similar porosities (about 4%) were observed, the brush technique resulted in a greater quantity of grains from the acrylic powder. Despite this, there was little difference in values of compression modulus, compressive yield stress, and diametral compressive strength. The mechanical strength of the materials studied was less than one-half that of high molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Crack propagation studies established that the interface between the grains and matrix was not a source of weakness. However, as the matrix was crosslinked this could not be checked by solution methods of polymer characterization. PMID- 1249092 TI - Microstructure in gold-containing Ag3Sn-amalgam. AB - The present study was conducted in order to understand the microstructural characteristics in dental amalgam which consists of both spherical and irregular Ag3Sn alloy particles with gold substituted in varying amounts for silver (0, 9, and 15%). Spherical alloy particles were used as obtained from Western Gold and Platinum and irregular alloy particles were prepared in the laboratory and then employed in the present study. The amalgam was prepared from the alloy particles by the trituration and condensation method. The polished and etched samples were studied using the techniques of X-ray diffraction, optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The microstructure in both types amalgam studied after two weeks of preparation contains gamma (unreacted Ag3Sn particles), gamma1 (Ag2Hg3), and gamma2 (Sn7-8Hg) phases in pure Ag3Sn-amalgam and gamma, gamma1, and (Au-Sn) phases in gold containing amalgam. The The (Au-Sn) phase existed in the form of rings surrounding the gamma grains and acted as a barrier for mercury diffusion in Ag3Sn particles. PMID- 1249093 TI - Hair sampling for chromium content following Charnley hip arthroplasty. AB - The chromium content of hair has been studied by neutron activation analysis of samples from 62 patients following a Charnley unilateral or bilateral hip arthroplasty by an artificial joint of stainless steel against polyethylene, inserted three to five years previously. The patients lived in the North Wales area of the British Isles. Hair chromium content was also studied in 51 control subjects of similar age to that of the patients, from the same geographical area and often from the patients' own households. Chromium content was recorded as parts per million (ppm) of hair weighed and analyzed in the state received, without preliminary ashing or chemical "washing" of the samples in the laboratory. Fifty of the 51 control subjects showed less than 2 ppm chromium in hair; one showed 2-5 ppm; none showed more than 5 ppm. Fifty-nine of the 62 patients showed less than 2 ppm chromium in hair; three showed 2-5 ppm; none showed more than 5 ppm. Attention is drawn to certain practical aspects when collecting hair samples for chromium analysis. The use and validity of hair sampling as one method of screening for systemic chromium accumulation following implant surgery is discussed. The method may be a useful adjunct to monitoring of chromium levels in blood samples. In this preliminary study, hair sampling has given no evidence of any major risk of systemic chromium accumulation in patients using a Charnley arthroplasty for periods of up to five years; no conclusion can be made concerning periods longer than this. The findings do not exclude systemic reactions of the hypersensitivity type, since this type of reaction could develop to only small amounts of chromium. PMID- 1249094 TI - Chondromalacia Patellae. A prospective study. AB - In a prospective study of 105 arthrotomies for chondromalacia patellae, patella alta or an increased Q angle was found in most of the knees and was considered to be the usual cause of chondromalacia. The chondromalacia on the patella was usually centrally located with extension equally onto the medial and lateral facets. Femoral changes were uncommon. Patellar realignment together with excision of chondromalacic cartilage gave a satisfactory result in 79 per cent of the eighty-seven knees that could be followed. PMID- 1249095 TI - Non-traumatic dislocation of the radial head in cerebral palsy. AB - To our knowledge, there has been only one previous description of dislocation of the radial head associated with cerebral palsy. This paper describes nine such dislocations, eight of which were bilateral and posterior and one, unilateral and anterior. There was an incidence of this abnormality of 2.4 per cent in 368 of the cases surveyed. Of those patients with cerebral palsy and with flexion contracture of the elbow and pronation contracture of the forearm, 27 per cent had the dislocation. PMID- 1249096 TI - Fasciotomy in the treatment of the acute compartment syndrome. AB - Sixty-six cases of acute compartment syndrome were treated by fasciotomy in forty six extremities of forty-four patients. Fasciotomy performed early, that is, less than twelve hours after the onset of the compartment syndrome, resulted in normal function in 68 per cent of the extremities. Only 8 per cent of those having late fasciotomy had normal function. The complication rates for the early and late fasciotomized extremities were 4.5 per cent and 54 per cent, respectively. No significant differences in residual function or complication rate were noted with "open" or "closed" fasciotomy. PMID- 1249098 TI - Fibrosarcoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 1249097 TI - Congenital anomaly of the thumb: absent intrinsics and flexor pollicis longus. AB - Congenital absence of the median-innervated intrinsic muscles and flexor pollicis longus was seen in varying degrees of severity in eleven hands of eight patients. Three members were involved in one family in which the anomaly was probably an autosomal dominant. There were no chromosomal abnormalities. Surgical treatment of seven hands, including release of the adduction contracture and transfer of the ring-finger superficialis tendon to provide opposition and to reinforce the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint, resulted in significant improvement in pinch and grasp. PMID- 1249099 TI - Desmoplastic fibroma. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 1249101 TI - Composite groin flap with iliac-bone flap for primary thumb reconstruction. Case report. PMID- 1249100 TI - Spinal deformity associated with heritable neurological conditions: spinal muscular atrophy, Friedreich's ataxia, familial dysautonomia, and Charcot-Marie Tooth disease. AB - Children with progressive neurological conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy, Friedreich's ataxia, familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome), and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease have a significant risk of acquiring a serious spinal deformity. As with paralytic scoliosis following poliomyelitis, the curves are difficult to control with bracing, and progression does not cease with maturation. An increasing spinal curvature may lead to loss of ambulation or, for the wheelchair-bound patient, loss of sitting balance. The curvature may further compromise pulmonary function that may already be compromised by the neurological deficit. Twenty patients are reported with an average follow-up of six years (range, one to fourteen years). For the properly selected patient, surgical stabilization of the spine arrested the progress of the curve and improved function. Complications were few; however, pseudarthrosis was more common than in patients with non-neurological problems. PMID- 1249102 TI - Serratia osteomyelitis in heroin users. A report of two cases. PMID- 1249103 TI - Metastases of carcinoma of the larynx and thyroid gland to the phalanges of the hand. Report of two cases. PMID- 1249104 TI - Complete anterior dislocation of the sacro-iliac joint. A case report. PMID- 1249105 TI - Mycobacterium kansasii infection in the deep structures of the hand. Report of two cases. PMID- 1249106 TI - Compression syndrome of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve. (Piso-Hamate Hiatus syndrome). PMID- 1249107 TI - Using methylmethacrylate to make external fixation splints. PMID- 1249108 TI - Letter: Fatigue fractures. PMID- 1249109 TI - The patterns of spinal deformity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - In a clinical and roentgenographic study of spinal deformities in sixty-two patients in the later stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, many patients had marked scoliosis and kyphosis, while others with hyperextended spines had comparatively little scoliosis. Based on an analysis of the data, it is suggested that the development of spinal deformity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy may progress in two ways: one leading to the early establishment of a position of extension and a maximum intrinsic stability with minor deformity, and the other leading to progressive deformity. It was concluded that management for these patients should be designed to guide the early straight spine toward the late extended pattern by attempting to prevent kyphosis and pelvic obliquity. PMID- 1249110 TI - Mobility aids for the paraplegic child. AB - Paraplegic children derive many benefits from upright bracing during their growing years. Physiological advantages include the prevention of joint contractures, decreased osteoporosis, prevention of urinary tract infections, increased cardiopulmonary tolerance, and the development of trunk and head control. The quality of life is enhanced because the child has increased self esteem and participates in group activities with greater independence. Two new devices, the stand-up wheelchair and the shuttlebug, have been employed with success in the Winnipeg Child Paraplegic Program. PMID- 1249111 TI - Energy cost of walking of amputees: the influence of level of amputation. AB - A comparison of selected gait parameters and the energy cost of prosthetic walking was made in seventy patients with unilateral traumatic and vascular amputations. Amputations above the knee, below the knee, and at the Syme's level were compared in both groups of amputees, and a control group of forty normal subjects also studied. In both groups of amputees performance was significantly better the lower the level of the amputation. When preservation of function is the chief concern, amputation should be performed at the lowest possible level. PMID- 1249112 TI - The upper-extremity amputee. Early and immediate post-surgical prosthetic fitting. AB - The results of immediate and early post-surgical prosthetic fitting in eighty seven upper-extremity amputees as well as the results in nine patients with shoulder dislocation who were fitted with temporary devices were reviewed. No local wound complications occurred and the rate of prosthetic acceptance was high. A practice prosthesis, with a filler insert formed from liquid Silastic foam allowed to set between the walls of the practice prosthesis and the amputation stump, was used extensively in this series. With the Silastic insert and practice prosthesis, prosthetic training could be instituted during healing of the amputation wounds, proximal wounds, or fractures. PMID- 1249113 TI - Correction of paralytic claw finger in leprosy by capsulorrhaphy and pulley advancement. AB - Paralytic claw-finger deformity in leprosy was corrected by metacarpophalangeal capsulorrhaphy and fibrous flexor pulley advancement in ninety fingers in thirty seven hands. Sixty-eight of these were analyzed after one to four years' follow up. The overall results were: good in forty-two, fair in seventeen, and poor in nine. This procedure was done in selected patients in whom for various reasons good results of tendon transfer were not assured. PMID- 1249114 TI - Topical hemostatic agents to reduce bleeding from cancellous bone. A comparison of microcrystalline collagen, thrombin, and thrombin-soaked gelatin foam. AB - In fifty-three dogs microcrystalline collagen, thrombin-soaked gelatin foam, and thrombin powder were evaluated as hemostatic agents when applied to bleeding cancellous surfaces after osteotomy of the greater trochanter using two quantitative models: one, a single osteotomy; the other, a double osteotomy. All three agents significantly reduced bleeding compared with the controls, the microcrystalline collagen being most effective. At three months there was no evidence that microcrystalline collagen and thrombin-gelatin interfered with bone healing after the greater trochanter was reattached with two wires. PMID- 1249115 TI - Elastic fibers in human intervertebral discs. AB - Although previous studies failed to demonstrate elastic fibers in intervertebral discs, electron microscopy of twenty human intervertebral discs obtained at autopsy and operation revealed characteristic elastic fibers in both the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus. Their contribution to the mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc remains to be determined. PMID- 1249116 TI - Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. AB - The mechanical properties of machined cortical bone specimens from human femora and tibiae were determined in tension, torsion, and compression for a population ranging in age from twenty-one to eighty-six years. No significant differences were found between the mechanical properties of male and female specimens. Tibial specimens had greater ultimate strength, stiffness, and ultimate strain than femoral specimens. Consistent decreases with age for all mechanical properties except plastic modulus were found in the femoral but not in the tibial specimens. No consistent significant differences in tension properties were found in specimens from normal, osteoporotic, and corticosteroid-treated individuals. PMID- 1249117 TI - Recurrent dislocation of the patella. Relation of treatment to osteoarthritis. AB - Eighty-one knees surgically treated and twenty-six conservatively treated for recurrent dislocation of the patella in seventy-eight patients were studied. The average follow-up on the surgically treated knees was eight years and on the conservatively treated knees, sixteen years. In the non-surgical group dislocations tended to become less frequent with advancing age and there was very little evidence of osteoarthritis. After the sixty-nine tibial tubercle transfers there was a 20 per cent recurrence rate; further procedures were often needed, and the incidence of late osteoarthritis was disturbingly high. After the twelve soft-tissue corrections without movement of the tibial tubercle, dislocation recurred in three, but late osteoarthritis was not seen. PMID- 1249118 TI - Shear strength of the human femoral capital epiphyseal plate. AB - After the determination of the shear strength and modes of failure of the capital femoral epiphyseal plates in twenty-five pairs of hips obtained post mortem from children five days to fifteen years and ten months old, with the plate intact on one side and with the perichondrial fibrocartilaginous complex removed on the other, the gross and microscopic morphology was studied. The shear strength of the human epiphyseal plate varied with age and was greatly dependent on the surrounding perichondrial complex in infancy and early childhood, but less so in adolescence. When this complex was excised, the strength of the epiphyseal plate was diminished, especially in specimens from younger children. The forces necessary to cause slipping were found to be within the physiological range of the force that would be generated in overweight children, suggesting that purely mechanical factors may play a major role in the etiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 1249119 TI - Fine structure of chicken thymic epithelial vesicles. AB - This paper describes the fine structure of epithelial vesicles as observed in the thymus of the chicken. Three types of vesicles are found. The largest is made up of a stratified columnar epithelium containing lymphoid cells. The lumen contains a fairly light material and cell debris. The lumen-bordering cells are columnar and their microvilli are sometimes developed to such an extent as to appear as a brush border. The wall of the vesicles contains lymphocytes and granular cells with dense granules 100-500 nm in diameter. Smaller vesicles are found which contain no lymphoid cells. They are made of a simple or stratified epithelium containing typical mucous cells, and columnar cells similar to the bordering cells of the large vesicles. The third type is an intracytoplasmic vesicle in epithelial reticular cells, which differs from usual vacuoles by the presence of microvilli and its often unusually large size. The morphology of the first 2 types of vesicles indicates a secretory capability, the function of which is unknown. Data from the literature suggest that the third type produces the factor(s) conferring cellular immunological competence. PMID- 1249120 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha on the growth of leukaemia cells in culture. AB - Prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha (PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2alpha) were shown to inhibit the growth of mouse leukaemia lymphoblasts L5178Y in culture. The effects of PGE1 and PGE2 were greater than that of PGF2alpha. PGE1 and PGE2, at the concentration of 100 mug per ml showed significant inhibitory effects on the rates of incorporation of tritiated thymidine, uridine and leucine. At concentrations of 50 and 25 mug per ml, there was significant inhibition of thymidine and uridine incorporation, but not of leucine, PGF2alpha showed significant inhibition of thymidine and uridine incorporation but not leucine incorporation, in all 3 concentrations studied (100, 50, and 25 mug/ml). The ability of the cells to form colonies in soft agar was significantly inhibited by PGE1 and PGE2 at concentrations as low as 1-8 mug/ml. For F2alpha, however, a concentration as high as 56mug/ml was required to show inhibitory effect, but at 1-8 mug/ml it was found to be stimulatory. PMID- 1249121 TI - DNA repair synthesis in human heterokaryons. III. The rapid and slow complementing varieties of xeroderma pigmentosum. AB - Patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum and defective DNA excision repair can be distinguished as a rapid (r-XP) and slow (s-XP) complementing variety. When fused with normal cells, fibroblasts from the r-XP are complemented rapidly and in the absence of protein synthesis while those from the s-XP are complemented slowly by a process partly, but not entirely, dependent on protein synthesis. Heterokaryons with different ratios of r-XP to s-XP nuclei (i.e. 1:1-5 and 1-5:1) and control heterokaryons containing one normal and 1-5 r- or s-XP nuclei show that if cell fusion and incubation is conducted in medium preventing protein synthesis, the rXP cells do not complement the s-XP partner at all and, conversely, that the latter is not as effective as normal cells at complementing the rXP partner. On the contrary, if protein synthesis is permitted, the 2 types of XP cells complement each other in a gene dose-dependent manner and to an extent similar to that observed in the control heterokaryons. These findings indicate that the r- and s-XP varieties are caused by mutations at different loci and suggest that the products of these loci interact to produce a functional unit which is present in normal control cells but absent in the XP strains. The relationship between the complementation groups described here and those already reported in the literature being investigated. PMID- 1249122 TI - Template activity of unfixed metaphase chromosomes. AB - Unfixed metaphase and non-metaphase cells were tested for their template activity with RNA polymerase. A device was used which disrupts the cell membrane by centrifugation, and which also ensures that the cells do not continue with their mitotic cycle during the transcription process. The template activity of acid/methanol fixed cells was also tested. None of the unfixed metaphase cells transcribed RNA whereas most of the non-metaphase cells did. In contrast, using fixed cells both classes of cells were transcribed equally well and to a much greater extent. It was concluded that metaphase chromosomes in vivo cannot act as templates for RNA synthesis. PMID- 1249123 TI - Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in Hydra attenuata. I. Homeostatic control of interstitial cell population size. AB - Mechanisms regulating the population size of the multipotent interstitial cell (i cell) in Hydra attenuata were investigated. Treatment of animals with 3 cycles of a regime of 24 h in 10-2 M hydroxyurea (HU) alternated with 12 h in culture medium selectively killed 95-99% of the i-cells, but had little effect on the epithelial cells. The i-cell population recovered to the normal i-cell:epithelial cell ratio of I:I within 35 days. Continuous labelling experiments with [3H]thymidine indicate that the recovery of the i-cell population is not due to a change in the length of the cell cycle of either the epithelial cells or the interstitial cells. In control animals 60% of the i-cell population undergo division daily while 40% undergo differentiation. Quantification of the cell types of HU-treated animals indicates that a greater fraction of the i-cells were dividing and fewer differentiating into nematocytes during the first 2 weeks of the recovery after HU treatment. Therefore, the mechanism for recovery involves a shift of the 60:40 division:differentiation ratio of i-cells towards a higher fraction in division until the normal population size of the i-cells is regained. This homeostatic mechanism represents one of the influences affecting i-cell differentiation. PMID- 1249124 TI - Mitotic activity in rice seedlings germinating under oxygen deficiency. AB - Rice seedlings germinating in oxygen-deficient environments do not manifest visual evidence of seminal or adventitious root growth or normal leaf growth, the coleoptile being the only seedling structure to emerge under these environmental conditions. Microscopic evidence, however, shows that mitotic activity occurs in the different tissues comprising the shoots of the seedlings germinating under oxygen deficiency. Thus evidence is presented here which shows that mitotic activity in rice seedlings germinating in oxygen-deficient environments is not confined solely to the emerging coleoptiles of the germinating seedlings. PMID- 1249126 TI - Energy value of foods. PMID- 1249125 TI - A spectrophotometric method for determination of glucose in blood serum. PMID- 1249127 TI - Gluconeogenesis: A teaching pathway. Criteria to establish a metabolic pathway. PMID- 1249128 TI - The role of metal ions in proteins and other biological molecules. PMID- 1249129 TI - Free energy diagrams and concentration profiles for enzyme-catalyzed reactions. PMID- 1249130 TI - An atomic absorption experiment in food chemistry. PMID- 1249131 TI - Resources in environmental chemistry. I. An annotated bibliography of the chemistry of pollution and resources. PMID- 1249132 TI - Analytical chemistry for premedical students. Views of college teachers and medical school teachers. PMID- 1249133 TI - Sparkling pure water--in a swimming pool. PMID- 1249134 TI - Information activities in support of the EPA pesticide program. AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the supply and use of pesticides. The EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) is involved in (1) supply control via product registration, (2) use control, (3) monitoring and hazard evaluation, and (4) research and economic studies. Major information activities in support of these four activities are reviewed. PMID- 1249135 TI - The toxicology data bank. AB - The paper describes the Toxicology Data Bank, a new system under development that will provide on-line access to chemical, physical, toxicologic, pharmacologic, use, and manufacturing data on 4000-5000 selected chemicals including drugs. PMID- 1249136 TI - Improvements in the coupling of SDI system output with document delivery systems. AB - A brief review is given of approaches used to couple SDI system output to the supporting document delivery systems. A coupling system is described which has been implemented for the nine campuses of the University of California to automatically annotate citations retrieved from a central SDI service with location and call number information. Many of the computer-printed citations sent to each UC user are annotated to show the one or more library locations and call numbers for those serial titles on that user's campus. In the event that a cited title is not held on a user's campus, the citations are annotated to identify the nearest UC library that has that title. The location-code segment of the SDI system has been in operation since mid-1974 for over 1500 profiles, and five data bases, and for users on nine UC campuses. This is the first instance of this kind of coupling on a operational basis for a large, multifile, geographically dispersed multilibrary system. PMID- 1249137 TI - On describing relationships. PMID- 1249138 TI - Staff behaviour in pre-school centres. PMID- 1249139 TI - Adolescent turmoil: fact or fiction? PMID- 1249140 TI - Eyebrow-raising, eye widening and visual search in nursery school children. PMID- 1249141 TI - The visual preferences of children. PMID- 1249142 TI - Depression in mothers of preschool children. PMID- 1249143 TI - Child psychiatry in developing countries. PMID- 1249144 TI - [Vinylogous acyl compounds. XV. Thin-layer chromatographic detection of 2 halovinyl ketones with toxicological relevance (author's transl)]. AB - The basic ring-opening of 1-(2-acylvinyl)-pyridinium salts yielding azaoxonol dyes and the spontaneous dehydrohalogenation of 1-(2-acylvinyl)-4-(4-nitrobenzyl) pyridinium salts to deeply coloured anhydrous bases underlie two sensitive thin layer chromatographic detection procedures for 2-halovinyl ketones (R-CO-CH=CH X). The detection limits are 0.06 mug on successive use of methanolic solutions of pyridine and potassium hydroxide as spray reagents and 0.02 mug on spraying with an acetonic solution of 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. RF values of twenty-five trans- and twelve cis-configurated 1-halovinyl ketones for three solvent systems are given. PMID- 1249146 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of thiabendazole in fruits as its methyl derivative. AB - Quantitative determination of thiabendazole, as its methyl derivative, has been achieved by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection and a column of 10% of DC-200 on Gas-Chrom Q at 240 degrees. Determination was possible with 10 to 200 ng per mul of the methylated reaction mixture. For determining thiabendazole in fruits, clean-up of the crude extracts by liquid-liquid partition allows satisfactory elimination of interference and permits determination in concentrations down to 0.1 ppm. The recovery of thiabendazole added to fruits at the 0.5-ppm level ranges from 90.3 to 94.9%. The methyl derivative was identified as N-methylthiabendazole by its elementary composition, by its melting-point, and by ultraviolet, infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 1249145 TI - Improved recovery of hexachlorobenzene in adipose tissue with a modified micro multiresidue procedure. AB - Using the described methodology the recovery of hexachlorobenzene from adipose tissue was significantly increased over that normally obtained with other multiresidue procedures. The recovery of other commonly encountered chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides was not affected nor was the "background" from adipose tissue intolerable. Although extensive work has not been done, it is likely that improved recovery of hexachlorobenzene could be expected from other tissues. PMID- 1249147 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of camylofine dihydrochloride in tablets and suppositories. AB - A gas-chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of camylofine dihydrochloride, a spasmolytic agent, is described. The analysis is made on a porous polymer packing material, by determining the 3-methyl-1-butanol formed on alkaline hydrolysis of the drug. The method has been applied to the quantitative determination of the drug in two galenical forms, namely tablets and suppositories, in the presence of papaverine hydrochloride, codeine phosphate, novalgin and aminopyrine. PMID- 1249148 TI - A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in plasma and urine. AB - A rapid gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (the active metabolite of clofibrate) in plasma and urine. The assay involves an extraction into toluene and back-extraction of the chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid and the internal standard (2-naphthoic acid) into the methylating reagent (trimethylanilinium hydroxide). Concentrations of 1 mug/ml in plasma and urine can easily be measured; the precision of the method is 3.3 +/- 0.7% for plasma and 2.7 +/- 0.4% for urine. There is no interference from endogenous compounds or from drugs commonly prescribed together with clofibrate. PMID- 1249149 TI - Separation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The separation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, azomethane, azoxymethane, methylazoxymethanol, methylazoxymethanol acetate, formaldehyde and methanol by high-pressure liquid chromatography on columns of C18/Corasil, muBondapak C18 and Aminex A-27 is described. The separations are highly reproducible and rapid and may be used for kinetic studies. An example of an application of these methods to the analysis of metabolites in rat urine derived from (14C)-1,2-dimethylhydrazine is reported. PMID- 1249150 TI - Method for the detection of diethylamine, a metabolite of disulfiram, in urine. AB - Disulfiram is a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism in man. Accurate assessment of patient compliance is important in this treatment. This paper describes a method for the detection and quantitative analysis of diethylamine, a metabolite of disulfiram, in urine. The method involves conversion of the water soluble diethylamine in the urine to a derivative, N,N-diethyl-3,5 dinitrobenzamide, that is soluble in an organic solvent. This derivative is extracted from urine with diethyl ether and then subjected to thin-layer chromatography. A spectrophotometric procedure is used for quantification. This method provides a means of determining whether or not a patient is taking his prescribed disulfiram. PMID- 1249151 TI - Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides by capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. PMID- 1249152 TI - Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of normal rat urinary carbohydrates. PMID- 1249153 TI - The detection of 1-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile contamination in illicit preparations of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine and 1-[1-(2-thienyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine. PMID- 1249154 TI - Determination of free and bound plasma tryptophan. PMID- 1249155 TI - [Detection of ibogaine in organic liquids]. PMID- 1249156 TI - Concentration technique for determination of air pollutants at sub-micro level. A new technique for concentration of carbon monoxide. AB - The advantages, scope and limitations of a step-wise technique for concentrating permanent gases, particularly carbon monoxide, up to 2000 times before gas chromatographic, spectrophotometric or mass spectrometric determination are described. Determination of less than 0.01 ppm of carbon monoxide has been carried out with an error of +/-10% by using this pre-concentration technique, followed by gas chromatography, with catalytic conversion of the carbon monoxide into methane before flame ionisation detection. The system used without pre concentration could not detect less than 1 ppm of carbon monoxide. PMID- 1249157 TI - Application of tributyltin chloride to the separation and column chromatography of thiols. AB - Tributyltin chloride (TBT) has the properties of a liquid anion exchanger with a special affinity for sulphydryl groups. Thiols such as cysteine can be separated by extraction from aqueous solution with organic solvents in the form of TBT mercaptides. The graphs of extraction coefficient verus pH have maxima whose positions depend on the nature of the thiols. Thiols can be separated from each other by using TBT on polyamide as the column packing and elution with buffers of gradually increasing or decreasing pH. PMID- 1249158 TI - Simple method for the isolation and purification of hemoglobin components. AB - A simple method for the isolation and purification of hemoglobin components from starch gel by electrophoresis is described. An inverted bottle with a cut off bottom is used. Pieces of gel containing the hemoglobin are embedded in potato starch, wetted with buffer, and placed in the neck of the inverted bottle, the mouth of which has been closed with filter paper and tape. Connection with the negative tank buffer is achieved by inserting a layer of starch gel between the potato starch and the negative tank buffer. By electrophoresis, the hemoglobin migrates and accumulates in a dialysing tube tied around the mouth of the bottle and hanging into the positive tank buffer. PMID- 1249159 TI - Causes and effects of sample loss using a dry capsule injection method for the automated gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide samples. AB - The automatic capsule sampling system is said to have many advantages for accurate gas chromatographic analysis. One is that the solvent may be removed by evaporation before injection, so that no solvent peak is obtained to interfere with the separation. However, working with aldrin and dieldrin, we have shown that up to 50% of the material can be lost from the capsules by air-drying at normal ambient temperature before injection. These losses occurred only with aldrin and it is suggested that they are connected with its relatively high vapour pressure. Significant amounts of material enter the top third of the capsule which is removed during the sealing process. The losses appear to be due to a combination of adsorption to the capsules, creep-up the capsule walls, co distillation with the solvent, and direct volatilisation. Silylation of the capsules was quite effective in reducing these losses. PMID- 1249160 TI - Plasma chromatography of heroin and cocaine with mass-identified mobility spectra. AB - Plasma chromatography detects and identifies compounds in trace quantities at atmospheric pressure through characteristic positive and negative mobility spectra. To facilitate use of the technique to detect gas chromatographic effluents, a number of reference mobility spectra for different classes of compounds have been reported. Reference spectra for two more compounds, heroin and cocaine, are presented in this study. The primary ions found in these mobility spectra were determined to be M+, (M - H2)+, and (M - CH3CO2)+ for heroin and M+, (M - C6H5CO2)+ and (M - C6H5CO2 - CO2CH3)+ for cocaine using a directly interfaced plasma chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The identified ions agree closely with those predicted in the ion mobility spectra using mass mobility correlation data coupled with chemical ionization mass spectrometry data. Also, an independent check demonstrating the reliability of reduced mobility values reported in earlier reference spectra was made. PMID- 1249161 TI - Fluorescence densitometric method for the determination of gluconic and lactobionic acids ("sugar acids") in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - An in situ fluorimetric method has been developed for the quantitation of gluconic and lactobionic acids and their salts in tablet formulations. The method is based on glycol cleavage with lead tetraacetate followed by treatment with dichlorofluorescein. Calcium gluconate and lactobionate were determined in Calcium-Sandoz and Ca-C 1000 Sandoz effervescent tablets. The reproducibility corresponded to relative standard deviations between 0.7 and 3.5% (usually below 2%). Detection limits of 0.2 mug per spot can be obtained. Interfering compounds such as citric acid, sugars and ascorbic acid can be separated from the "sugar acids". The linearity of the calibration graphs between 0.5 and 5 mug per spot is satisfactory (r = 0.994-0.999). The method is simple and could be applied to the routine analysis of suitable pharmaceutical formulations. Other compounds with glycol structures should also be adaptable to this technique. PMID- 1249162 TI - Fatty acids. VII. The gas-liquid chromatographic properties of all dimethylene interrupted methyl cis,cis-octadecadienoates. AB - The gas-liquid chromatographic behaviour of all the dimethylene interrupted methyl cis,cis-octadecadienoates was studied on polar (Carbowax 20M, FFAP, DEGA, DEGS and Silar 10C), semi-polar (XE-60) and non-polar (SE-30, OV-101 and Apiezon L) stationary phases. The equivalent chain length of each isomer is recorded; the possibility of separation and the retention pattern of these isomers are discussed. PMID- 1249163 TI - Studies on the formation of cyclohexylamine and N-methylcyclohexylamine from bromhexine in animals and man, and simultaneous determination of cyclohexylamine and N-methylcyclohexylamine by gas chromatography. AB - In order to detect cyclohexylamine and N-methylcyclohexylamine simultaneously in urine, a gas chromatographic method was developed in which Chromosorb 103 (porous polymer) was found to be suitable as the column packing. The detection limits were 0.1 mug/ml of cyclohexylamine and 0.4 mug/ml of N-methylcyclohexylamine in urine. In tests on animals administered bromhexine, which contains N methylcyclohexylamine as part of its side-chain, neither cyclohexylamine nor N methylcyclohexylamine was detected in the urine. PMID- 1249164 TI - The determination of gamma-amino-beta-(p-chlorophenyl)butyric acid (baclofen) in biological material by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Baclofen and the internal standard are isolated from biological samples by adsorption on charcoal. After elution, the compounds are converted into butyl esters and purified by base-specific solvent extraction. The butyl esters are then N-acylated with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole, and the neutral derivatives are isolated by solvent extraction and subjected to gas-liquid chromarography, with use of an electron-capture detector. Baclofen can be determined in concentrations down to about 30 ng per sample. PMID- 1249165 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate in plasma and urine. AB - A sensitive and specific method for the analysis of 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate in biological fluids by high-pressure liquid chromatography is described. Aliquots from deproteinized plasma or from acidified urine were subjected to ion exchange clean-up by eluting with water through two columns packed with Dowex 1 X4 (Cl- form) and Dowex 50W-X8 (H+ form) resins. Recoveries in the eluates were consistent and quantitative (95-100%). Effluents from such treatment were chromatographed on a Durrum cation-exchange column with 0.05 M citrate buffer containing 0.15 N Na+ (pH 2.6). Detection was accomplished with an automated fluorescamine detection system. Using 2 ml of plasma or urine, 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate could be assayed at concentrations of 0.3 mug/ml. Linear responses were observed up to at least 133 mug/ml. The method is both accurate and reproducible with a relative standard deviation of about +/- 4.0%. PMID- 1249166 TI - Use of o-phthalaldehyde for detection of amino acids and peptides on thin-layer chromatograms. PMID- 1249167 TI - A procedure for the differentiation of the optical isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1249168 TI - Rapid detection of some basic drugs by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1249169 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of oxidative aflatoxin metabolites. PMID- 1249170 TI - [Gas chromatography of trifluoroacetylaminoacid trimethylsilyl esters]. PMID- 1249171 TI - A new method for the estimation of exposure to carbon disulphide. PMID- 1249172 TI - Serum protein fractionation by isotachophoresis using amino acid spacers. AB - Analytical and preparative isotachophoresis has been carried out using amino acids and peptides as discrete spacers in contrast to the usually employed continuous mobility spectrum Ampholine. Analytical isotachoresis in free solution, using the LKB Tachophor, demonstrated the separation of human serum into distinct mobility subgroups, n spacers giving rise to n + 1 protein subgroups. Preparative fractionation on polyacrylamide gel was carried out on the LKB Uniphor using threonine and glycine as spacers. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed that eight out of ten proteins assayed were clearly resolved in the three subgroups obtained, thus demonstrating the sharpness of isotachophoretic resolution. PMID- 1249173 TI - Determination of plasma amitriptyline by electron-capture gas chromatography after oxidation to anthraquinone. AB - A selective procedure is described for the determination of amitriptyline in plasma. The method involves extraction, separation of amitriptyline from its metabolites and subsequent oxidation by ceric sulphate in 5.4 M sulphuric acid. The oxidation product, anthraquinone, is determined by means of electron-capture gas chromatography. The metabolites were separated by a column chromatographic extraction technique. The choice of oxidation reagent, optimum conditions for the oxidation, and the electron-capture properties of anthraquinone are discussed. The method can be used to determine down to 2 ng of amitriptyline in a plasma sample; the relative standard deviation at the 50-ng level was 4.0% (n = 8). The levels of amitriptyline found in a series of plasma samples are compared with those obtained by gas chromatography with use of nitrogen-specific detection; the two techniques gave coincident results. PMID- 1249174 TI - Iodination and purification of oxytocin. AB - Oxytocin was iodinated using the thallium chloride method. Purification of iodination reaction mixture on Sephadex G-10 and G-15 was compared. Sephadex G-10 effected the separation of iodo-oxytocin from excess free radioiodide. Sephadex G 15 succeeded in separating iodinated from non-iodinated oxytocin as well as from readioiodide. It was found that the storage of unfractionated iodination mixture resulted in an apparent increase in the molecular size of iodinated hormone and that this process was accelerated at temperatures of -20 degrees in comparison with 4 degrees. PMID- 1249175 TI - Gas chromatographic separation of leucine and isoleucine phenylthiohydantions. PMID- 1249176 TI - Determination of tetraalkyl lead compounds in the atmosphere. PMID- 1249177 TI - The metabolic clearance and blood production rates of estriol in normal, non pregnant women. AB - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and blood production rate (PB) of estriol have been measured in normal, non-pregnant women 21 to 65 years old. 6,7-3H-Estriol was administered as a pulse injection to 4 women between days 5-7 of their menstrual cycle. The disappearance of radioactivity as unconjugated estriol can be described as a function which is the sum of two exponentials. The initial component represents spread into and transfer from a space with a volume of 20.6 +/- 5.4 (SE) l. The mean value for the rate constant of total removal (reversible and irreversible) was 290.2 +/- 78.5 units/day of which 0.34 +/- 0.06 was irreversible. The mean MCRR was 990 +/- 70 l/day/m2. 4-14C-Estriol was infused at a constant rate for 3 1/2 hours to 13 women between days 5-7 of their cycle. The mean MCR was 2,100 +/- 100 l/day or 1,240 +/- 40 l/day/m2. Thirteen women received a constant infusion of 4-14C-estriol between days 20-22 of their cycle. The mean MCR was 2,100 +/- 115 l/day or 1,280 +/- 65 l/day/m2. The mean values for the two phases of the cycle were not significantly different (P greater than 0.1). The mean value for the MCR in 4 post-menopausal women studied in similar fashion was 1,890 +/- 95 l/day or 1,060 +/- 35 l/day/m2. The mean concentrations of estriol were 7.0 +/- 0.7 and 10.9 +/- 0.8 in the follicular and luteal phases of young women, respectively. The mean PB for women in the follicular phase was 14.0 +/- 1.6 mug/day and in the luteal phase was 22.7 +/- 1.9 mug/day. These values were significantly different (P less than 0.01). When the PB's for the 11 women studied in both phases of the cycle were compared the luteal phase values were significantly higher 0.02 greater than P greater than 0.01) using the paired t test. The PB in the 4 post-menopausal women ranged from 5 to 22 mug/day. While there was no difference between the MCR of estriol measured in the two phases of the cycle, the PB of estriol was significantly greater in the luteal phase. Estriol probably contributes little to the overall estrogenic activity in normal, non-pregnant, premenopausal women but could make a more significant contribution in some post-menopausal women. PMID- 1249178 TI - Use of lithium as an adjunct to radioiodine therapy of thyroid carcinoma. AB - The effect of lithium on iodine kinetics after oral 131I-iodide was studied in an athyreotic patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma. Lithium decreased the disappearance rate of 131I from the whole body and from a tumor mass in the patient's thigh from control values of 0.126/day, respectively, while having only a minimal effect on the rate of 131I disappearance from blood. The increased tumor 131I retention would be expected to increase the therapeutic:toxic ratio of 131I. However, a subsequent therapeutic dose of 131I-iodide given with lithium was accompanied by an unanticipated increase in blood 131I and, therefore, in whole body radiation, resulting in significant bone marrow depression. Although lithium may be a useful adjunct in 131I therapy of functional thyroid carcinoma, it must be used cautiously in future studies. PMID- 1249179 TI - Prolactin-related testosterone secretion in normal adult men. AB - The sleep-related increase of plasma testosterone (T) in adult men appears to be related not only to plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels but to prolactin (PRL) levels as well, suggesting that PRL may have a stimulatory influence on Leydig cell function. To further investigate the influence of PRL on T secretion, five young adult men were studied on three separate days one week apart. Blood samples were taken every 20 min between 0900 and 1800. At 1000 on each of the three days they received an intramuscular injection of saline, haloperidol 0.25 mg or haloperidol 0.50 mg, in a double-blind design. The blood samples were analyzed for LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), PRL and T. It was hypothesized that there would be a dose-related increase in both PRL and T following drug administration. Mean PRL levels rose promptly and significantly in a dose-related manner in response to the haloperidol, which has strong dopamine blocking effects. By 1600, PRL had returned to control values. In contrast to the PRL response, neither LH nor FSH levels were affected by haloperidol. On the saline control day mean T levels showed the normal decline during daytime hours. After 0.25 mg haloperidol, mean T levels were maintained for several hours, and after 0.50 mg haloperidol, T levels were increased for several hours. These alterations in the normal diurnal pattern of T were statistically significant. They began about 60 min after the corresponding drug-induced increases in PRL levels. This delay between increased PRL and increased T is consistent with the similar delay between the increases of these two hormones that occur at night during sleep. The results of this study lend further support to the hypothesis that PRL is another pituitary hormone that stimulates T secretion in adult men. PMID- 1249180 TI - Catecholamines metabolism in thyroid diseases. I. Epinephrine secretion rate in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. AB - We have measured the secretion rate of epinephrine in 6 euthyroid, 6 hyperthyroid, and 6 hypothyroid subjects infused at a constant rate for a one hour period with tritiated epinephrine (.01 muc/kg/min) (New England Nuclear Inc.). Plasma and urinary levels of epinephrine were measured by modifying the fluorometric method of Anton and Sayre. Plasma levels of epinephrine were 3.0 +/- 3.0 ng/100 ml (mean +/- SD) in normal subjects, compared to 4.4 +/- 3.5 ng/100 ml (mean +/- SD) in hyperthyroid subjects. In urine, epinephrine values ranged from 1.3 mug/day to 6.1 mug/day in normal subjects. Mean value observed in hyperthyroidism was 4.9 +/- 2.6 mug/day and 3.8 +/- 1.0 mu/day in hypothyroidism. Plasma secretion rates averaged 48 +/- 27 mug/kg/day in normal subjects, compared to 54 +/- 18 mu/kg/day in hyperthyroidism and 43 +/- 20 mug/kg/day in hypothyroidism. Likewise, the mean urinary secretion rate was 55 +/- 27 mug/kg/day in normal subjects compared to 60 +/- 22 mug/kg/day in hyperthyroidism and 50 +/- 28 mug/kg/day in hypothyroidism. There is no statistical difference between the values found in the three groups of subjects (plasma and urine). Therefore, these results would indicate that the signs and symptoms encountered in hyperthyroidism are not secondary to a high secretion rate of epinephrine. PMID- 1249181 TI - Influence of surgical stress under general anesthesia on serum gonadotropin levels in male and female patients. AB - Effects of surgical stress under the same general anesthesia (nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane following induction with thiopental and succinylcholine chloride) on serum LH levels were studied in 18 postmenopausal females, 15 menstruating females and 17 males. In addition, serum FSH levels in female patients and testosterone levels in male patients were estimated. As controls without surgery and anesthesia, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were estimated at identical time intervals to the experimental group in 15 normal postmenopausal females, 15 normal menstruating females and 10 normal males. In male patients, serum LH levels at 30 min and 1 hr after onset of anesthesia increased significantly over those of pre-anesthesia, while no significant intra operative increase in LH levels was found in female patients. In male and female patients, the LH levels decreased slightly 5-6h and 2 days after onset of anesthesia, though the decreases were not statistically significant except in postmenopausal females. On the 7th postoperative day, the LH levels returned toward the baseline. In female patients, no significant intra-operative changes in FSH levels were found. In male patients, there were significant intra- and post-operative decreases in testosterone levels. In control subjects, no significant changes in serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were demonstrated. These observations suggest that significant intraoperative increases in serum LH levels occur in males but not in females. PMID- 1249182 TI - Prolactin response to arginine in normal subjects and in patients with hyperthyroidism. AB - The effect of arginine on serum prolactin concentrations was studied in 18 normal subjects and in 7 patients with hyperthyroidism in normal subjects, arginine infusion produced an increase of serum prolactin at least 6 ng/ml from the baseline, and the mean peak level (25.2 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) was significantly higher than the basal level (8.6 +/- 5.2 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the peak levels between sexes. Unlike prolactin, concomitant serum thyrotropin levels did not change after the arginine infusion. In hyperthyroid patients, the increment of serum prolactin after arginine infusion at 30 min (3.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that of the normal controls which were matched by age and sex (17.1 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). After treatment when these patients were euthyroid, the increment of prolactin after arginine infusion at 30 min was significantly increased (16.3 +/- 4.3 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) and had reached the level of control subjects. These data indicate that the prolactin response to arginine in hyperthyroidism is diminished. PMID- 1249183 TI - Urinary androstanediol and testosterone in adults. AB - Data are presented on the daily urinary excretion of androstanediol and testosterone in healthy adults using a sensitive radioligand assay. In nine men, the average urinary androstanediol (79 mug/day) was not significantly different from the urinary testosterone (84 mug/day). However, in women the average values of urinary androstanediol excretion (12 mug/day) were significantly higher than the urinary testosterone (4.2 mug/day). In each of the females, the urinary androstanediol was greater than the urinary testosterone. The data do not support the hypothesis that the daily urinary androstanediol excretion is a measure of the 5alpha-reduction of testosterone in androgen target tissues. PMID- 1249184 TI - Changes in drug metabolism in children with thyroid disorders. AB - The rate of disappearance of antipyrine from the plasma is a useful indicator for the in vivo capacity of mixed function oxidation. The half-life of antipyrine was measured before and after treatment in three hypothyroid and three hyperthyroid children, aged three months to 14 years, in order to examine the effect on drug metabolism of thyroid disorders in children. The half-life of antipyrine decreased in all three hypothyroid subjects and increased in all three hyperthyroid subjects after treatment. The mean half-life decreased from 34.5 h to 8.6 h after treatment of the hypothyroid subjects and increased from 6.1 to 10.1 h after treatment of the hyperthyroid subjects. The mean metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine increased from 11.7 to 25 ml/h in the hyothyroid patients while in the hyperthyroid children there was a decrease from 43 to 25 ml/h. The apparent volume of distribution did not change significantly in the treatment, thus changes in the half-life of antipyrine were most likely attributable to alterations in the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine. PMID- 1249185 TI - Heterogeneity of plasma glucagon: patterns in patients with chronic renal failure and diabetes. AB - Immunoreactive plasma glucagon (IRG) in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis and diagetic hyperosmolar syndrome circulates in several forms. In the diabetic patients most IRG eluted coincidentally with the extracted, purified pancreatic hormone (MW3500), while in normal subjects a high molecular weight component predominated. In striking contrast, the major component of plasma IRG in patients with chronic renal failure was of intermediate size (MW +/- 9000), consistent with proglucagon. The accumulation of this form of IRG suggests that the kidney plays an important role in its metabolism. If there are differences in the biological activity of the various circulating components of IRG, the significance of immunoreactive glucagon levels in some disease states will require reassessment. PMID- 1249186 TI - Catechol estrogen formation by the human fetal brain and pituitary. AB - Homogenates of central neuroendocrine tissues from 2 male and 1 female midtrimester fetuses were incubated with (23H) estradiol-17beta. Metabolism at the C-2 position was monitored by measuring the tritium incorporated into water in the incubate. Liberation of tritium from the substrate by hypothalamus, limbic tissues, parietal cortex and pituitary occurred to the extent of 5.1-12.7%, 1.6 8.5%, 4.7-10.8%, and 0.9-4.1% of starting radioactivity, respectively. The nature of the product was confirmed by the isolation of 14C labelled 2-hydroxyestrone derivative from separate incubations with 14C-estrone as the substrate. With or without correction for weight of tissue incubated, catechol estrogen formation under these conditions occurs at levels similar to those seen in rat brain homogenates except that in contrast to the rat, the human cortex is also highly active. PMID- 1249187 TI - Effect of sulpiride on serum prolactin levels in humans. AB - The effect of acute and chronic administration of sulpiride sulphate on serum prolactin levels in humans was studied. Six normal women and four normal men received an i.m. injection of 100 mg sulpiride at 0800 h. A control group received saline solution 0.9%. Blood samples were taken before and 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the injection. Serum prolactin was determined by a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. Sulpiride induced in all subjects a quick and marked increment of serum prolactin levels with peak values at 30 minutes. At 120 minutes the levels remained high. In another experiment six post menopausal women received 150 mg of sulpiride orally during 10 days. Five of them had marked increments of circulating levels of prolactin at the end of treatment. It is suggested that sulpiride could be used in the dynamic functional exploration of hypothalamic-pitutiary system. PMID- 1249188 TI - Human serum melatonin changes during the menstrual cycle. AB - Serum melatonin concentration in early morning during the menstrual cycle, studied in five healthy women, showed that melatonin was elevated at the time of menstrual bleeding and had its nadir at the time of the menstrual cycling in humans. PMID- 1249189 TI - Effects of alcohol on growth hormone secretion in acromegaly. AB - In 3 normal subjects and in 4 acromegalic patients pretreatment with an alcohol infusion for 4 hours at a constant rate reduced the GH response to Arginine, when comparison was made with pretreatment with saline. The reduction in acromegalics was more marked and sustained than in normals. Though it is likely that the effect of alcohol is exerted on hypothalamic centers, a direct influence on the pituitary cannot be excluded. PMID- 1249190 TI - Effect of caloric restriction and dietary composition of serum T3 and reverse T3 in man. AB - To evaluate the effect of caloric restriction and dietary composition on circulating T3 and rT3 obese subjects were studied after 7-18 days of total fasting and while on randomized hypocaloric diets (800 kcal) in which carbohydrate content was varied to provide from 0 to 100% calories. As anticipated, total fasting resulted in a 53% reduction in serum T3 in association with reciprocal 58% increase in rT3. Subjects receiving the no-carbohydrate hypocaloric diets for two weeks demonstrated a similar 47% decline in serum T3 but there was no significant change in rT3 with time. In contrast, the same subjects receiving isocaloric diets containing at least 50 g of carbohydrate showed no significant changes in either T3 or rT3 concentration. The decline in serum T3 during the no-carbohydrate diet correlated significantly with blood glucose and ketones but there was no correlation with insulin or glucagon. We conclude that dietary carbohydrate is an important regulatory factor in T3 production in man. In contrast, rT3 concentration is not significantly affected by changes in dietary carbohydrate. Our data suggest that the rise in serum rT3 during starvation may be related to more severe caloric restriction than that caused by the 800 kcal diet. PMID- 1249191 TI - A kinetic study of plasma renin and aldosterone during changes of posture in man. AB - Cardiovascular parameters, hematocrit (Ht), plasma electrolytes, renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured in 12 normal human subjects (6 males and 6 females) eating an ad lib diet. At 8 AM, volunteers assumed the following postural changes: 1 hour supine, then 2 hours upright and finally 1 hour supine. Orthostatism induced the following changes: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased immediately; Ht rose significantly at the 5th min in males but not in females; Plasma sodium showed no variations but potassium increased after 30 min; PRA rose significantly at the 5th min and, after 120 min of orthostatism, was found to be 3 times greater than its value after recumbency; and PAC increased significantly at the 15th min and exhibited a plateau 4.5 times its basal values after 90 min of upright posture. When subjects returned to the supine position all the parameters, except PAC decreased. During active orthostatism, a significant correlation was found between PAC and plasma potassium, but correlation was closer between PAC and PRA and between PAC and PRA + potassium. It can be concluded that the renin angiotensin system is a more potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion than plasma potassium in normal man assuming postural changes. The results presented here can be applied to the development of a short posture test in non hospitalized patients. PMID- 1249192 TI - Depressed plasma FFA turnover rate in Cushing's syndrome. AB - The turnover rate of plasma FFA measured by constant infusion of albumin complexed labeled palmitate in a group of 16 patients with Cushing's syndrome was significantly lower than in a group of 6 controls. Seven patients reexamined after correction of the hypercortisolism showed a normalization of the plasma FFA turnover rate. By contrast, 7 patients with simple obesity had a normal or increased plasma FFA turnover rate depending on the way this parameter is expressed. PMID- 1249193 TI - Adrenal imaging with 131I-19-iodocholesterol in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with aldosteronism. AB - The results of adrenal scintiscans, venograms and venous aldosterone levels are compared with the histologic findings in 33 patients submitted to operations for primary aldosteronism. Standard and suppression scintiscans were performed 2-14 days following intravenous administration of 2mCi of 131I-19-iodocholesterol. The adrenal lesions were histologically classified into four categories: 25 patients had adenomas, 6 had macronodular hyperplasia, 1 had microscopic hyperplasia and 1 had an adenocarcinoma. Asymmetrical uptake between the two adrenals seen on standard scintiscans did not differentiate between a tumor or asymmetrical hyperplasia, unless the tumor was greater than 2 cm in diameter. During suppression scintiscans, unilateral uptake visible within five days of tracer injection was consistent with adenoma. Patients with nodular hyperplasia demonstrated early uptake in both adrenal glands during suppression scintiscans, while the patient with microscopic hyperplasia did not. The type of adrenal lesion was correctly identified in 20/26 (77%) of patients by suppression scintiscans; 21/28 (75% of patients by venograms and 12/16 (75%) of patients who had adrenal venous aldosterone measurements attempted. The majority of surgically correctible lesions could be identified on suppression adrenal scintiscans. Adrenal vein catheterization can be reserved for those patients in whom the results of suppression scintiscans are inconsistent with the clinical degree of aldosteronism. PMID- 1249194 TI - Hyperthyroidism with normal concentrations of total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine. AB - Normal concentrations of total serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were found in a patient who was hyperthyroid because of a hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma. After surgical removal of the adenoma, the patient became clinically euthyroid; the abnormally high free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3R) and rapid achilles reflex time (ART) returned to normal. A low normal concentration of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a low level of TBG determined by radioimmunoassay were found in the patient. The TBG remained low-normal after the restitution of euthroidism. Low TBG levels were found in the patients 5 brothers and maternal uncle, and a low-normal concentration was found in her mother. It is postulated that the patient was heterozygous carrier for a genetically determined partial (non-zero) TBG deficiency and that a low-normal TBG concentration decreased total T3 as well as T4 when the patient was hyperthyroid. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case of hyperthyroidism associated with both normal total T4 and T3 concentrations. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in the presence of low TBG is difficult, and determination of FT4 and free triiodothyronine (FT3) may be necessary to establish the diagnosis. PMID- 1249195 TI - Effect of various states of hydration on plasma ADH and renin in man. AB - To investigate the interaction between antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and renin angiotensin system, plasma ADH and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined in normal subjects (n = 10) under various hydrated states. Four experimental conditions, i.e., water loading, infusion of hypertonic saline, acute dehydration induced by furosemide and postural changes, were chosen. 1. Upright posture decreased plasma volume by 9.5 +/- 0.9% without significant changes in plasma osmolality. PRA increased from 5.2 +/- 0.7 to 8.3 +/- 0.8 ng/ml. However, plasma ADH did not change significantly (1.9 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 muU/ml). 2. When furosemide was administered intravenously under this condition, both plasma ADH and PRA increased to 3.1 +/- 0.5 muU/ml and 15.5 +/- 1.6 ng/ml with 11.2 +/- 1.1% decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality did not change significantly. 3.Water load resulted in a decrease in plasma osmolality from 282.6 +/- 0.9 to 278.6 +/- 1.2 mOsm/kg without significant change in plasma volume. Significant decrease in plasma ADH level from 2.6 "/- 0.4 to 0.6 "/- 0.1 muU/ml was found, but PRA (7.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) did not change (6.3 +/- 1.0 ng/ml). 4. Hypertonic saline infusion brought about an increase in plasma osmolality to 290.1 +/- 0.8 mOsm/kg with simultaneous increase in plasma volume by 6.7 +/- 1.3%. Plasma ADH level also increased to 2.4 +/- 0.3 muU/ml, while PRA decreased to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mg/nl. Accordingly, significant correlation between changes in PRA and plasma ADH level, was not observed. We suggest that plasma osmolality is the dominant variable in regulating plasma ADH level, but in the presence of a sufficient degree of hypovolemia, the osmotic domination was overcome. On the other hand, PRA was strongly influenced by changes in effective blood volume other than changes in plasma osmolality. PMID- 1249196 TI - Studies on human sexual development. III. Fetal pituitary and serum, and amniotic fluid concentrations of LH, CG, and FSH. AB - Fetal sera (9-20 weeks fetal age, n = 80) and pituitary glands (9.5-20 weeks, n = 36) obtained from hysterotomy specimens, and amniotic fluids (amniocentesis; 8-40 weeks, n = 123) were assayed for FSH, LH (betaLH assay) and CG (betaCG assay). Results are expressed as mass of pure hormone. Prior to 12 weeks fetal age, pituitary, serum and amniotic fluid concentrations of LH and FSH were low or unmeasurable. In contrast, levels of CG in serum and in amniotic fluid were clearly measurable prior to 12 weeks. There was a definite CG peak at 11-14 weeks with levels up to 550 ng/ml in serum and 7400 ng/ml in amniotic fluid. Although LH levels began to rise at 12 weeks, when CG levels started to decline, serum levels of LH from 14-20 weeks in males (2-13 ng/ml) were still lower than the majority of CG levels at this time (6-115 ng/ml). These observations suggest that CG is the primary stimulus to the fetal Leydig cell which results in testosterone secretion (peak 11-17 weeks) and masculine differentiation of the genital tract. Significantly lower concentrations of both FSH and LH were observed in pituitary, serum and amniotic fluid between 12-20 weeks fetal age in males compared to females. This may be a result of feedback inhibition by the higher concentrations of testosterone in males at this time. Amniotic fluid FSH and LH concentrations correlated with their respective serum and pituitary values (P less than 0.01) indicating that amniotic fluid may provide a convenient index of fetal serum concentrations. PMID- 1249197 TI - The effects of adrenal corticosteroids on regional adipocyte size in man. AB - In order to determine the effects of adrenal corticosteroids on regional adipose tissue cellularity groups of age-matched women subjected to long-term treatment with adrenal corticosteroids due to bronchial asthma or rheumatoids due to bronchial asthma or rheumatoid arthritis were compared with control of women. A small group of women suffering from Cushing's syndrome was also examined. Body composition, adipose cellularity in four major subcutaneous regions and metabolic variables were determined. The Cushing's syndrome patients weighed more than the other groups and seemed to have more fat cells while the patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed decreases in body cell mass, body fat and average fat cell size. These differences necessitated a body fat matching between patients and controls before analysis of regional depot fat differences. Body fat, average fat cell size and total fat cell number were similar in patients and controls. The Cushing's syndrome group was too small to allow this matching. All three groups exposed to increased levels of adrenal corticosteroids showed smaller fat cells in the gluteal region in comparison with controls, but no differences in fat cell size in the femoral, epigastrial or hypogastrial regions. This change also corresponded to a diminution of the thickness of subcutaneous plus skin layer in the gluteal region, measured with an ultrasonic technique. All the groups of patients had elevated fasting plasma insulin. The possibility was considered that the observed regional redistribution of fat is characteristic for adrenal corticosteroids. PMID- 1249198 TI - Total and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine in normal and complicated pregnancy. AB - Serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine (T4 and FT4) and total and free triiodothyronine (T3 and FT3) were measured in normal pregnant women, in patients with toxemia of pregnancy, and in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). In normal pregnancy, FT4 and FT3 levels remained normal while T4 and T3 levels were elevated. In patients with pre-eclampsia, the mean serum T3 concentration was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy and the serum FT3 concentrations in three out of nine patients were below the normal pregnancy range. The mean serum T4 and FT4 concentrations in patients with pre-eclampsia were, however, significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women. In patients with GTD without signs of hyperthyroidism, the mean serum total and free T4 concentrations were 43 and 92% higher than those in normal pregnancy (P less than 0.02), and many patients had levels above the range of values observed in normal pregnant women. The mean serum total and free T3 concentrations in GTD patients without signs of hyperthyroidism were not different from those of normal pregnancy (P less than 0.05). In the single GTD patient with hyperthyroid crisis, the s. erum FT4 concentration was within the range seen in GTD patients without signs of hyperthyroidism. Her serum FT3 concentration was, however, much higher than the ranges in normal pregnancy or in GTD patients without clinical hyperthyroidism. Higher than normal FT4 levels were found in patients with and without elevated hCG levels. PMID- 1249199 TI - The QRS complex during myocardial ischemia. An experimental analysis in the porcine heart. AB - Although ST segment deflections have been widely utilized as a means of assessing the degree of underlying ischemic injury, the relationship of QRS complex alterations to the ischemic process is poorly understood. In this study we made a beat-to-beat analysis of the QRS complex in terms of ventricular activation time (CT) and R wave voltage (V) in the acutely ischemic porcine myocardium and analyzed the relationship of these responses to changes in the area of ischemic involvement, altered myocardial energy demands, and plasma [K+]0 levels. With the onset of ischemia the QRS complex underwent a specific and reproducible biphasic sequence with an initial decrease in CT and V indicating a transient increase in the conduction velocity of the ischemic tissue. Subsequently both CT and V returned briefly to control and then increased dramatically, now indicating a marked decrease in conduction velocity. The time when CT first began to increase (Tc) was shortened by enlarging the area of ischemia or after an inotropic intervention and was lengthened by decreasing the area of ischemia or with administration of propranolol. Moreover Tc was found to be inversely proportional to plasma [K+]0 in the range 3.4-8.8 mM, above which the initial decrease in CT and V was no longer present. We conclude that this biphasic sequence of QRS alterations in early myocardial ischemia is attributable to a progressive leakage of potassium out of the ischemic cells which in turn alters both the time-course and transmural pathway of the activation process through the ischemic tissue. These changes are related to both inotropic state and the area of ischemic involvement. PMID- 1249200 TI - Heart muscle performance after experimental viral myocarditis. AB - As part of an inquiry into possible antecedents of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, acute experimental coxsackie virus myocarditis was studied for late structural and functional sequelae. Myocarditis was induced in 12- and 22-day-old hamsters by inoculation with coxsackie virus B3. Early viremia occurred, followed by virus replication in heart muscle. Maximum peak developed tension (Tpd) of isometrically contracting isolated heart muscle was depressed 17 and 43% in the animals inoculated at 12 days, and studied 18 and 90 days later, respectively, as compared to their uninoculated controls. In both infected groups, less muscle stretch was required to reach the length at which Tpd was produced. Animals studied 180 days after inoculation did not differ from controls. The muscles from animals inoculated at 22 days of age and studied 18 days later showed a 15% depression of Tpd compared to their controls. Glycerinated muscles from this infected group developed 50% less tension than their controls. The muscles of hamsters inoculated with virus at 22 days and studied 90 and 180 days later showed no change in Tpd. The data suggest that contractility and compliance of heart muscle are decreased 18 days after inoculation, but recover by 90 days if the animals are inoculated at age 22 days. However, if the animals are inoculated at a younger age (12 days), depression of myocardial performance persists for at least an additional 90 days. It is concluded that the inflammatory stage of experimental acute coxsackie virus B3 myocarditis in the Syrian golden hamster may be followed by residual alterations in contractile proteins and myocardial function. PMID- 1249201 TI - Morphology and metabolism of an aortic intima-media preparation in which an intact endothelium is preserved. AB - An in vitro preparation of rabbit aortic "intima-media" previously shown to exhibit stable rates of respiration and glucose metabolism and the high rate of aerobic glycolysis considered characteristic of the metabolism of this tissue was subjected to electron microscopic examination. In samples examined immediately after the aortae were dissected free of adipose tissue and adventitia, under conditions similar to those now in common use, marked and widespread alterations in endothelial cell structure were present, including loss of cell integrity. The vascular smooth muscle cells retained a normal electron microscopic (EM) appearance. During subsequent incubation with 5 mM glucose in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB), pH 7.4, under the conditions usually employed in studies of this preparation, large zones of the luminal surface were rapidly denuded of endothelium, and the remaining endothelial cells exhibited a wide range of ultrastructural alterations. The smooth muscle cells, however, continued to maintain a normal EM appearance. A method was developed to prepare segments of rabbit aortic intima-media which retained an intact layer of endothelium resembling that observed in tissue fixed in situ. During a 1-h incubation with 5 mM glucose in KRB, pH 7.4, gas phase 5% CO2/95% O2, containing 6% bovine serum albumin, the intact aortic intima-media preparation retains an essentially unmodified EM appearance and exhibits linear rates of respiration. Under these conditions the intact aortic intima-media preparation exhibits significantly higher rates of O2 uptake and glucose uptake than those observed in our previous preparation or in other reported aortic intima-media preparations. The intact aortic intima-media does not exhibit the high rate of aerobic glycolysis during in vitro incubation that has been considered characteristic of the metabolism of rabbit, rat, and swine aortic intima-media. In addition, the magnitude of the Pasteur effect was far greater than that observed in other aortic intima-media preparations. The data suggest that component cells of the aortic intima-media may derive a major fraction of their energy requirements from respiration; they raise further questions concerning the significance of the high rate of aerobic glycolysis observed when aortic intima-media preparations are incubated in vitro, and they suggest that documentation of the EM appearance of the endothelium in such preparations is desirable. PMID- 1249202 TI - Diaphragmatic blood flow and energy expenditure in the dog. Effects of inspiratory airflow resistance and hypercapnia. AB - To investigate the mechanisms which enable the diaphragm to preserve ventilation when the work of breathing is elevated, we measured diaphragmatic blood flow (Q di) and oxygen consumption (VO2 di) in lightly anesthetized dogs. The animals were studied when they breathed quietly, when they inhaled 5% CO2 in 21% or 14% O2, or when they inhaled these gas mixtures through moderate to severe inspiratory resistances. Q di was determined from the integrated diaphragmatic arteriovenous difference of krypton-85, by the Kety-Schmidt technique. VO2 di was calculated as the product of Q di and the diaphragmatic arteriovenous oxygen difference ([A-V]O2 di). Alteration in these parameters consequent to augmentation of ventilatory effort were compared with concomitant alterations in diaphragmatic electrical activity (EMG di) and an inspiratory pleural pressure time index (PPTI). Addition of inspiratory resistances combined with inhalation of CO2 usually increased Q di and consistently increased VO2 di, EMG di, and PPTI, the maximum increases being approximately 400-1,600% above control levels. In individual animals, as inspiratory resistance was increased, VO2 di, EMG di, and PPTI rose in direct proportion to each other. In the group as a whole, during resistance breathing the oxygen requirements of the diaphragm were met by a combination of increased [A-V]O2 di and Q di. Unlike other skeletal muscles, oxygen extraction tended to plateau at peak loads, whereas blood flow continued to rise as PPTI and VO2 di increased. We conclude that augmentation of perfusion permits the diaphragm to sustain high levels of contractile effort when the work of breathing is increased. PMID- 1249203 TI - Erythroid colony growth in congenital hypoplastic anemia. AB - Four children with congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) and 30 control children with normal erythropoiesis were studied by a cell culture method in which human marrow, grown in a plasma clot, responds to added erythropoietin (EPO) with the appearance of discrete colonies of nucleated erythroid cells. The colonies arise from EPO-responsive stem cells and are not related to the number of morphologically identifiable marrow erythroids plated. Results of studies on control marrow indicated that without EPO there was little or no colony formation. Increasing EPO doses or nucleated marrow cells per culture resulted in a linear increase in colony numbers. The optimal EPO concentration of 2.5 U/ml yielded a mean of 158 +/- 79 colonies/1 x 10(5) nucleated cells on day 7 of incubation. Even in the absence of recognizable erythroids, marrows of all four patients with anemia grew erythroid colonies. Two patients on no therapy had decreased colony numbers. The other two, on prednisone, had normal numbers. Sera from patients did not inhibit colony formation from either autologous or control marrow. In contrast, serum from an adult with acquired pure red cell aplasia produced striking inhibition of colony growth. It appears that the red cell failure in this disorder is not due to an absence of erythroid stem cells, and a serum inhibitor to erythropoiesis as seen in the acquired disease is unlikely. PMID- 1249204 TI - Parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo. Demonstration of a calcium-independent nonsuppressible component of secretion. AB - The response of normal bovine parathyroid glands to hypercalcemia was assessed in vivo by radioimmunoassay of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations in parathyroid effluent blood obtained by surgical cannulation of both anesthetized and nonanesthetized calves. Hypercalcemia was induced for periods of 0.3-35 h by intravenous infusion of a solution of calcium chloride. Assessment of immunoreactivity in effluent and peripheral blood included measurements of selected samples by use of a radioimmunoassay specific for a site residing in the biologically active portion of the hormone molecule. In all instances, the concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in hypercalcemic venous effluent from a superior parathyroid gland exceeded that of the peripheral blood. Failure of hypercalcemia to suppress completely secretion by normal parathyroids indicates that a portion of parathyroid hormone secretion occurs independent of blood calcium concentration. Consequently, continued parathyroid hormone secretion despite hypercalcemia can no longer be regarded as a unique feature of parathyroid neoplasia. PMID- 1249205 TI - Influence of uremia and hemodialysis on the turnover and metabolic effects of glucagon. AB - To evaluate the mechanism and role of hyperglucagonemia in the carbohydrate intolerance of uremia, 19 patients with chronic renal failure (12 of whom had undergone chronic hemodialysis for at least 11 mo) and 35 healthy control subjects were studied. Plasma glucagon, glucose, and insulin were measured in the basal state, after glucose ingestion (100 g), after intravenous alanine (0.15 g/kg), and during a 3-h continuous infusion of glucagon (3 ng/kg per min) which in normal subjects, raised plasma glucagon levels into the upper physiological range. Basal concentrations of plasma glucagon, the increment in glucagon after infusion of alanine, and post-glucose glucagon levels were three- to fourfold greater in uremic patients than in controls. The plasma glucagon increments after the infusion of exogenous glucagon were also two- to threefold greater in the uremics. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucagon in uremics was reduced by 58% as compared to controls. In contrast, the basal systemic delivery rate (BSDR) of glucagon in uremics was not significantly different from controls. Comparison of dialyzed and undialyzed uremics showed no differences with respect to plasma concentrations, MCR, or BSDR of glucagon. However, during the infusion of glucagon, the increments in plasma glucose in undialyzed uremics were three- to fourfold greater than in dialyzed uremics or controls. When the glucagon infusion rate was increased in controls to 6 ng/kg per min to produce increments in plasma glucagon comparable to uremics, the glycemic response remained approximately twofold greater in the undialyzed uremics. The plasma glucose response to glucagon in the uremics showed a direct linear correlation with oral glucose tolerance which was also improved with dialysis. The glucagon infusion resulted in 24% reduction in plasma alanine in uremics but had no effect on alanine levels in controls. It is concluded that (a) hyperglucagonemia in uremia is primarily a result of decreased catabolism rather than hypersecretion of this hormone; (b) sensitivity to the hyperglycemic effect of physiological increments in glucagon is increased in undialyzed uremic patients; and (c) dialysis normalizes the glycemic response to glucagon, possibly accounting thereby for improved glucose tolerance despite persistent hyperglucagonemia. These findings thus provide evidence of decreased hormonal catabolism contributing to a hyperglucagonemic state, and of altered tissue sensitivity contributing to the pathophysiological action of this hormone. PMID- 1249206 TI - Vitamin E. An inhibitor of the platelet release reaction. AB - Formation of lipid peroxides rises sharply when platelets undergo the release reaction. In this study the in vitro effect of vitamin E on platelet aggregation was investigated. alpha-Tocopherol, an anitoxidant of known inhibitory action on lipid peroxidation, was added to platelet suspensions in concentrations up to 1.5 mM. A dose-dependent reduction in platelet aggregation was observed, with complete inhibition of the secondary wave of aggregation at greater than or equal to 0.9 mM alpha-tocopherol. The inhibitory effect of alpha-tocopherol on the platelet release reaction was further documented by the decrease in aggregation induced release of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine from prelabeled platelets and by the reduction of N-acetylglucosaminidase activity released into the medium. The sharp rise in lipid peroxides normally associated with platelet aggregation was markedly reduced by alpha-tocopherol and also by acetylsalicylic acid, a known inhibitor of the platelet release reaction. In vivo studies examined the effect of oral vitamin E administration (1,200-2,400 IU daily) on plasma and platelet levels of alpha-tocopherol. Up to 1,800 IU daily, increasing dosages of vitamin E resulted in increasing concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and platelets, but intake of vitamin E in excess of this dosage failed to show any further increase in plasma or platelet levels. PMID- 1249207 TI - Hemoglobin McKees Rocks (alpha2beta2145Tyr leads to Term). A human "nonsense" mutation leading to a shortened beta-chain. AB - The first example of the premature termination of a polypeptide chain in man appears to be Hb McKees Rocks, beta145 Tyr leads to Term, discovered in polycythemic members of a Caucasian family. Point mutation has apparently occurred at the codon for Tyr beta145 from UAU to a "nonsense" codon, UAA or UAG, resulting in a shortened polypeptide chain with Lys 144 as its carboxyl-terminal amino acid. Evidence for this structural conclusion is the absence of tryptic peptide betaT-15 from "fingerprints" of the abnormal beta-chain, the finding of C terminal Lys, and the similarity between the functional properties of this variant hemoglobin and those of des Tyr (145)-His(146)beta hemoglobin resulting from carboxypeptidase-A digestion of normal human hemoglobin. Hb McKees Rocks has markedly abnormal properties: its oxygen affinity is the highest of the human variants described to date; its Bohr effect is reduced; it is devoid of subunit cooperativity; and it is unaffected by 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. These properties are probably the consequences of decreased stability of the T quaternary conformation and are partially restored in the presence of the strong allosteric effector inositol hexaphosphate. PMID- 1249208 TI - Studies on the structural abnormality of fibrinogen Paris I. AB - The structural properties of an inherited fibrinogen abnormality designated fibrinogen Paris I were investigated. Dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of unreduced samples revealed no discernible differences in molecular weight from normal; this implied that in fibrinogen Paris I, the normal fibrinogen architecture of six covalently linked chains per molecule is preserved. Examination of dithiothreitol reduced samples before and after treatment with Reptilase or thrombin revealed that the Aalpha- and Bbeta-chains could release the A and B peptides, respectively. A mutant chain (mol wt 52,500, termed gammaParis I) which replaces a large proportion of gamma-chains (mol wt 49,400) was shown, like normal gamma-chains, to lack thrombin- and Reptilase-sensitive sites. The gamma-chains and alpha-chains of Paris I fibrin underwent Factor XIIIa catalyzed cross-linking slowly; this behavior was not attributable to an intrinsic abnormality of these chains themselves but rather to the inhibitory effect of the mutant gammaParis I chains on this process. Results of DEAE cellulose gradient elution chromatography of Paris I fibrinogen preparations revealed the presence of small amounts of normal fibrinogen molecules and also indicated that the gammaParis I chains possessed structural overlap with gamma chains. Unlike gamma-chains however, the gammaParis I chains did not incorporate dansylcadaverine in the prescence of Factor XIIIa, nor, as previously reported, did they undergo cross-linking. The observations indicate that the amine acceptor site found in the COOH-terminal region of the gamma-chain is either not present on the gammaParis I chain or is unavailable for cross-linking. Further support for localization of the abnormality in the COOH-terminal region of the molecule was obtained from the observation that during plasmic hydrolysis of Paris I fibrinogen, at least one unique form of core Fragment D (DParis I) was evolved, whereas Fragment E did not differ from normal. PMID- 1249209 TI - A role for alpha-adrenergic receptors in abnormal insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus. AB - To determine whether endogenous alpha-adrenergic activity contributes to abnormal insulin secretion in nonketotic, hyperglycemic, diabetic patients, alpha adrenergic blockade was produced in normal and diabetic subjects. The diabetics had a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater increase in circulating insulin 1 h after an intravenous phentolamine infusion than did the normal subjects. During the phentolamine infusion, there was also a significant augmentation of acute insulin responses to intravenous glucose (20 g) pulses in normal subjects (P less than 0.05) and diabetics (P less than 0.02); this augmentation was fivefold greater in the diabetics. Simultaneous treatment with the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, did not alter these findings. Thus a role for exaggerated endogenous alpha-adrenergic activity in abnormal insulin secretion of the diabetic subjects is suggested. To determine whether this alpha-adrenergic activity might be related to elevated circulating catecholamines, total plasma catecholamine levels were compared in normal and nonketotic diabetic subjects given intravenous glucose pulses. These levels were significantly greater (P less than 0.02) in the diabetic compared to the normal group before the glucose pulse, and increased significantly in both groups (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.001, respectively) after the pulse. These data suggest that excessive catecholamine secretion may lead to an abnormal degree of endogenous alpha-adrenergic activity, which contributes to defective insulin secretion in diabetic subjects. PMID- 1249210 TI - Function and structure in the diphenylamine-exposed kidney. AB - Standard micropuncture and microdissection techniques were used to examine the function and structure of nephrons in rats whose kidneys were made cystic by dietary exposure to diphenylamine. Heterogeneity characterized the lesion, with dilation and frank cyst formation occurring in 5-30% of nephrons. Elevated intraluminal hydrostatic pressures, occurring in the absence of increased glomerular filtration or decreased net water reabsorption, were recorded in dilated, but not in nondilated nephrons. Structural studies demonstrated communication of dilated nephrons with cysts, concretions of debris within tubular lumens, evidence of extrinsic pressure by cysts on adjacent tubules, and apparent luminal narrowing of some proximal tubules. These observations were used to explain prolonged loop of Henle transit times and occasional failure to detect [3H]inulin excretion after microperfusion into dilated tubules. It was concluded that the elevated hydrostatic pressures in the dilated nephrons of diphenylamine exposed kidneys were the consequence of variably severe and frequently incomplete tubular occlusion. These findings support the hypothesis that cyst formation is a consequence of partial obstruction and elevated intratubular pressure in this model and perhaps in other susceptible mammalian kidneys. PMID- 1249212 TI - A trial use of some of Reitan's neuropsychological tests to assess mild organic complications in psychiatric patients. AB - Several testing procedures borrowed from Reitan's extensive investigations of impairment in brain function were employed in the present study (Tactual Performance Test, Trail Making Test, Seashore Rhythm Test, Speech Sounds Perception Test, Finger Oscillation Test). These tests were administer to three groups of Ss matched for age, education, and sex distribution. All Ss were 40 years of age or older. The groups were: hospitalized psychiatric patients suspected by their psychiatrists of some degree of organic impairment; hospitalized psychiatric patients not suspected of any organic impairment; and nonhospitalized, apparently normally functioning control Ss. Four months after the beginning of the study, the psychiatrists reevaluated and reclassified the patient Ss and formed new groups of those suspected and not suspected of organic impairment. A comparison of group means that used the original S groups showed that three of nine test scores were nondiscriminating, while the remaining six discriminated the control Ss from the patients, but not the two patient groups from each other. A similar comparison that used the revised patient groups formed from the psychiatrists' re-evaluations after an additional 4 months of observation yielded four test scores that discriminated successfully between the two patient groups: Tactual Performance Test, total time; Trail Making Test, Part A and Part B; and Finger Oscillation Test, right hand. These four test scores predicted the later classification of the patients more accurately than did the psychiatrists' own original evaluations, which would be in keeping with the general function of diagnostic testing, i.e., to provide initial information about patients beyond that which can be obtained from initial psychiatric examination. PMID- 1249211 TI - The biosynthesis of guanidinosuccinic acid by perfused rat liver. AB - The metabolic pathway for the synthesis of guanidinosuccinic acid was studied in the rat. Labeled guanidinosuccinic acid was isolated from the urine of animals given L-[guanidino-14C]arginine intraperitoneally but did not appear in the urine after administration of D,L-[guanidino-14C]canavanine. Radioactive arginine and nonradioactive aspartic acid and arginine were infused in the isolated, perfused rat liver. After 20 min, small amounts of both labeled and unlabeled guanidinosuccinic acid and large amounts of urea were detected in radiochromatograms of the perfusate. These results support the theory that guanidinosuccinic acid is formed in the liver from transamidination of arginine to aspartic acid. PMID- 1249213 TI - Verbal and performance IQ for discrimination among psychiatric diagnostic groups. AB - WAIS Verbal and Performance IQ scores were obtained from medical records of 500 psychiatric inpatients recently admitted to a large university hospital. With a subsample of the original 500 patients for whom there was diagnostic agreement between two independent clinicians, a multivariate analysis of variance was carried out to determine the extent to which the Verbal and Performance scores discriminated among eight diagnostic categories into which patients were classified. In the multivariate ANOVA, statistical techniques were employed to control for concomitant background variation that otherwise might have been confounded with true diagnostic group differences in Verbal and Performance IQ. Although mentally retarded and organic brain syndrome patients could be distinguished significantly from other diagnostic groups on the basis of their lower total IQ scores, the data did not support the persistent clinical belief that functional psychiatric disorders differed in the WAIS measurement space. PMID- 1249215 TI - Maternal and child pathology in an urban ghetto. AB - A group of 80 black, urban ghetto mothers, 40 which a behaviorally disturbed child and 40 with no identified disturbed child, was evaluated by the MMPI. The literature reports a relationship between maternal pathology and child disturbance for middle- and working-class families. The present study, however, showed no such relationship between these two variables in ghetto families. PMID- 1249214 TI - The WISC as a diagnostic tool. AB - Wechsler's hypotheses for the adolescent sociopath were applied to the WISC under controlled conditions. Groups were separated according to race and sex, while IQ, socioeconomic class, and geographic location were held constant. The criterion for selection of Ss was appearance before a juvenile court. The efficiency of each of Wechsler's signs was determined. Post hoc analysis provided specific signs for each combination of race and sex in the 80-89 IQ range. The need for cross-validation of these signs was stressed. Other methodological issues that may contribute to inconclusive findings with traditional assessment procedures were discussed throughout the study. These included: (1) the need for control of the relevant variables; (2) the problem of poorly defined criteria; (3) the need for analysis of the individual as well as the group data; (4) the importance of a holistic approach; (5) the problem with matching; and (6) the problem of not having an expected distribution with which to compare the frequency of "hits" for Wechsler's indices. PMID- 1249216 TI - Psychotherapy sabotage revisited: the better half of individual psychotherapy. AB - This study examined the amount of actual client self-disclosure emitted and the pattern of its occurrence within and across individual therapy sessions. An earlier finding showed that many clients avoided self-disclosure until the session's closing minutes early in therapy. These data revealed that in the middle stages of short-term therapy for a university population (N = 26) clients continue to engage in the highest proportion of self-disclosure during the latter half of the therapy hour. The position that there are ways in which psychotherapy sabotage can be reduced was discussed. PMID- 1249217 TI - The relationship between life change and relative autonomic balance. AB - The frequency of life changes, as measured by questionnaires, is reported to increase prior to illness onset. Each event presumably adds to the accumulating amount of adaptive stress that confronts the individual. Total frequencies, or weighted scores, are considered important etiological factors in the illness. A more direct measure of stress is the A test of relative autonomic balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. To assess the relationship between these two measures 76 undergraduates were given both a life change questionnaire and the A test. Significant negative correlations were expected because both low A and high life change scores supposedly measure adaptive stress. No significant correlations were obtained; female Ss (N = 41) reported significantly more life changes than did male Ss (N = 26). The etiological value of life changes is scrutinized, and it is hypothesized that these questionnaires may be effective to identify stress only in populations that already have existent active or latent disease processes. PMID- 1249218 TI - Supervisors' perceptions of the relationship between therapist self-disclosure and clinical effectiveness. AB - The findings suggest that the clinical supervisors surveyed associate therapist effectiveness (i.e., competence and sophistication) with capacity for self revelation in the presence of clients. Trainee maturity as therapist was not correlated highly with self-disclosure, a finding that may indicate that self disclosure is (a) more independent of the training process than competence and sophistication, and (b) that self-disclosure, as manifested in the clinical context, may be more of a trait than a state-like personality characteristic. PMID- 1249219 TI - Relationship between distortions in self-perception of depression and psychopathology. AB - The present study investigated the relationship between distortions in self perceived depression and generalized psychopathology. Alcoholic inpatients were asked to choose the more depressed patient in each pair of a paired-comparison rating task. Patients also were administered the Beck Depression Inventory as an objective measure of depression and the MMPI as a measure of overall psychopathology. Individuals who had a marked discrepancy between their self perceived and objectively measured level of depression had significant elevations (T-score greater than 70) on 5 of the 10 MMPI clinical scales. The High Distortion group, whose mean MMPI profile was categorized as psychiatric, appeared to be more depressed, anxious, socially immature and alienated and to have increased difficulties in thinking and communication than Ss in the Low Distortion group. These findings substantiate the hypothesis that an individual's inability to perceive accurately the level of his depression is related to a greater degree of overall psychopathology. PMID- 1249221 TI - Racial similarity and adult modeling of uncooperative behavior. AB - To test the hypothesis that modeling is enhanced when Ss and models are of the same race, black and white attendants at a southern mental hospital were exposed to either a black or white model who refused to volunteer for a series of future studies. Although the white model more effectively induced refusal behavior by both races of Ss, no interaction effect was found between race of model and race of S, which refutes the hypothesis. PMID- 1249220 TI - Attitudes toward mental illness and role conceptions of psychiatric patients and staff. AB - The patients and staff of a psychiatric hospital were asked about their attitudes toward mental illness and how they conceive the roles of various patient and staff groups in the therapeutic community. The focus was on the bipolar dimension of "Custodial" vs. "Accountability" orientation. A Custodial orientation discourages autonomy, promotes submission, and emphasizes the satisfaction of the physical needs of the patients. On the other hand, an orientation of Accountability emphasizes the "healthy" aspects of the patients and encourages autonomy and the sharing of power. These orientations were tapped by the use of a close-structured questionnaire. The results revealed that attitudes toward mental illness and role conceptions were highly related. Patients and nursing staff showed a greater custodial orientation than did other members of the staff. PMID- 1249222 TI - Schizophrenic vs. brain-damaged performance on the Holtzman Inkblot Technique. AB - The HIT standard scoring variables failed to differentiate between the brain damaged and schizophrenic Ss, as perhaps would be expected from past studies of the Rorschach on the subject. This failure to discriminate may reflect the behavioral similarities encountered in these two complex syndromes, and it should be borne in mind that both groups consisted of chronic individuals with lowered productivity levels. As neither schizophrenia nor organicity are unitary syndromes, it is possible that future studies that compare the inkblot performance of different types of brain-damaged vs. schizophrenic Ss may be more productive in obtaining differences between the syndromes. PMID- 1249223 TI - Attitudes of psychologists toward drug abusers. AB - This survey of 827 psychologists' and trainees' attitudes toward drug abusers includes definitions of drug abuse, causes, recommended treat, treatment environments, and personal commitment to treating abusers. The use of prison and courts is contrasted with hospitals, and a subgroup's attitudes are contrasted with previously surveyed attitudes toward alcoholics. Recommended financial benefits and knowledge of laboratory tests to detect drug abuse also are assessed. Differences among three groups of psychologists and their respective response biases are discussed. Various elements of the profession have potential contributions to make to this serious social problem. PMID- 1249224 TI - Perception of self and significant others by alcoholics and nonalcoholics. AB - Ratings of self and 15 significant others on four personality factors by 47 alcoholic and 90 nonalcoholic males were analyzed by means of step-wise regression analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance. Alcoholics rated themselves less positively on extraversion and self-assertiveness (lower mean on extraversion and higher on self-assertiveness) and also judged intimate others (father, mother, and spouse) less positively on unhappiness, extraversion, and productive persistence (higher mean on unhappiness and lower means on extraversion and productive persistence). There were no significant differences between the two groups in judging persons as a whole or in the degree of differentiation that was exhibited in rating all 16 persons including self. PMID- 1249226 TI - EPPS scores of male alcoholics: a review and cross-validation. AB - Mean EPPS scores for 20 male alcoholics at an outpatient clinic were found to be significantly higher than scores of Edwards' General Adult Sample of men on Heterosexuality, but significantly lower on Deference, Order, Affiliation, and Endurance. These differences are consistent with most prior research, but inconsistent with the earliest published study. Further research with the EPPS on alcoholic populations is encouraged. PMID- 1249225 TI - A short adjective check list for the evaluation of anxiety and depression. AB - From a list of 54 adjectives administered to 230 detoxified, chronic alcoholics, reliable (internally consistent) scales for Anxiety and Depression states were formed. Factor analysis yielded an additional five scales that correlated in varying degrees with the clinical scales. Women alcoholics were both more depressed and more anxious than male alcoholics. Alcoholics assigned to inpatient treatment were no more depressed or anxious than those seen on a day-clinic basis. PMID- 1249227 TI - Editorial: Needed: quality tools for the practicing clinician. PMID- 1249228 TI - Emotions and attitudes related to being overweight. AB - A questionnaire was constructed to examine the relationship between eating habits and emotional attitudes toward food. This was administered to 60 individuals who varied widely in body weight relative to the statistically determined optimum for their age and sex. Correlations between item scores and weight discrepancy values from optimum revealed a number of significant correlations. The more the degree of overweight, the greater the tendency to have problems in three areas: depression, anxiety and impulsivity. In addition, the number of overweight relatives in one's immediate family also is related to an individual's degree of overweight. Some implications for the therapy of obesity were suggested. PMID- 1249229 TI - Dimensions of temperament: an analysis. AB - The TDOT recast into a single stimulus format was administered to 150 college Ss. A factor analysis of the items followed by an analysis of item clusters that define each factor indicated the presence of 14 dimensions. Of the 10 bipolar scales of the TDOT, 3 were confirmed as independent dimensions, and 5 were confirmed in part or split into unipolar factors. PMID- 1249230 TI - Malingering as role taking. AB - This study investigated the relationship among psychopathology, intelligence and the simulation of psychopathological roles. The 132 Ss were 48 inpatients, 48 outpatients, and 36 nonprofessional employees. Each S simulated the MMPI profile of an anxiety neurotic, psychopathic deviate, or paranoid schizophrenic. Their simulation target was dissimilar to their diagnosis and/or Personality Screening Inventory profile. The findings were: (1) the hypothesized negative relationship between psychopathology and psychopathological role-taking was not supported broadly, but was supported more with males, blacks, neurotics, and simulators of the psychopathic deviate personality; and (2) the hypothesized positive relationship between intelligence and the simulation of psychopathological roles was supported in a small but definite relationship, with greater support among the Caucasians, males, neurotics, simulators of the 2-7 and 6-8 profile patterns, and when the simulation measure emphasized scatter and elevation similarities. PMID- 1249232 TI - The "sick but slick" syndrome as a personality component of parents of battered children. AB - Thirteen parents convicted in court of battering their children and 13 matched controls were administered a battery of personality tests, with significant differences obtained on 5 of 21 study variables. Battering parents appeared healthier on those instruments based on content validity, where the social desirability of the items is more obvious. They appeared more disturbed (i.e., psychopathic) on items based on concurrent or statistical validity. It was concluded that battering parents were psychopathically disturbed, but whenever possible presented a distorted picture of themselves as healthy and unlikely to abuse their children. This tendency has been labeled the "sick but slick syndrome." PMID- 1249231 TI - Semantic differential ratings of concepts and suicide intent. AB - Ninety-four Ss (28 attempters, 32 threateners and 34 psychiatric controls) rated 10 concepts twice 1 month apart. Extreme rating scores and factor (attitude) scores were derived from the ratings. Suicidal Ss made no more use of extreme ratings than did control Ss. Highly suicidal Ss did not differ from less suicidal Ss in extremeness of ratings. Suicidal Ss did report less favorable attitudes to the concepts life and myself and more favorable attitudes toward suicide. Highly suicidal Ss could be differentiated from less suicidal Ss on these concepts. Contrary to the theory of Neuringer and Lettieri, it was suggested that suicidal Ss do not show a general difference in cognitive style from other psychiatric patients. Concept rated and direction of rating are crucial. Significant changes in ratings occurred over time in conjunction with hopelessness, depression and self-rated suicide intent. It was suggested that these changes indicate that the ratings are a function of a state, rather than a stable trait. PMID- 1249233 TI - A personality needs profile of some outstanding female athletes. AB - The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) was administered to 24 outstanding U.S. female athletes who were competitors in the 1972 Olympic Games. The resulting EPPS group profile strongly points to the essential normality of these competitors. Within the framework of a well-balanced needs profile, the two highest group needs scores were in the realm of achievement and autonomy. Thus, these prominent athletes demonstrated the kind of personality profile anticipated from a group of women with seemingly high needs for achievement and self accomplishment. The EPPS, therefore, appears to be a promising personality measure to assess achievement motivation. PMID- 1249234 TI - MMPI profile predictors for successful and expired open heart surgery patients. AB - A total of 31 patients (17 females, 14 males) who were scheduled for open heart surgery were administered an MMPI within 1 week prior to surgery. Of the 31 patients, 20 (13 females, 7 males) survived and 11 (4 females and 7 males) did not survive the operation. MMPI scale T-score comparisons were made within sex between survivors and nonsurvivors. Surviving and expired males did not differ on any MMPI scales, while expired females had much higher average scale 1 and 3 elevations than did their surviving counterparts (p less than .05). Subsequent comparisons of expired and surviving female patients with 1-3 profiles revealed that females with 1-3 profiles who expired had a higher average L scale T-score and a lower average scale 6 T-score (p less than .05). Cutting scores established to divide 1-3 female profiles into success and expired groups yielded two results: (1) an L scale T-score of 50 or above identified 100% of the expired females while it generated 40% false positives and no false negatives; and (2) a scale 6 T-score of 57 and below identified 100% of the expired females while it generated no false negatives and no false positives. These results are consistent with previous research and may be used to predict mortality for prospective female open heart surgery patients with implications for psychotherapeutic assistance prior to surgery to increase prospects for success. PMID- 1249235 TI - MMPI/Midi-Mult correspondence with parents of emotionally disturbed children. AB - The findings of the present study are consistent with those of previous studies with the Mini-Mult short form. The correspondence is too low and variable to allow the short forms to be used in place of the MMPI with parents of emotionally disturbed children. PMID- 1249236 TI - Effects of residential evaluation and rehabilitation placement on children's state-trait anxiety. AB - The recently developed State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was used to explore the stress experienced by youngsters who were placed from home into a state residential setting for diagnostic evaluation or involvement in a rehabilitation program. Twenty-four youngsters, who ranged from 12 to 16 years, responded to the measure on admission day and 21 to 25 days postarrival. The proposition that trait anxiety would remain relatively stable across time (t = .64, p greater than .50) and the prediction that geographic isolation and new social controls initially would be experienced as ego-threatening (t = 3.24, p less than .01) clearly were supported. The results are viewed as support for the predictive validity and normative stabilility of the children's state-trait anxiety measure. PMID- 1249237 TI - Personal concerns and manifest anxiety in black students. AB - The areas and magnitude of personal problems and their relationships with manifest anxiety were investigated in 154 male and 202 female black undergraduate students in a predominantly black state university in the South. Both males and females were highly concerned over problems in college work, finance, living conditions, and employment, social and recreational activities, and curriculum and teaching procedure. A significant sex difference at the .05 level was evidenced by the Mann-Whitney U test. Significant positive correlations were found between the number of problems and anxiety scores in 9 areas for males and in all 11 areas for females. Two problem areas that did not correlate significantly with anxiety scores for males were social and recreational activities and home and family. PMID- 1249238 TI - Reliability of the Maxi-Mult and scale equivalence with the MMPI. AB - Forty chronic male alcoholic inpatients completed the MMPI and separately administered Maxi-Mult in a counterbalanced presentation order after a 3-day interval. Neither the intracorrelations among the Maxi-Mult scales nor the intercorrelation coefficients between the short and standard scales were affected by presentation order. High intercorrelations of the standard MMPI scales with the Maxi-Mult scales were found for both the separately administered and the embedded forms; coefficients tended to be higher for the embedded Maxi-Mult. Both the test-retest reliability of the Maxi-Mult and the stability of the short vs. standard-scale correlation coefficients were adequate. The economical length and the response mode of the Maxi-Mult suit it for use as a research instrument to assess group performance. A hostility scale also tested during this study was found to have a high test-retest reliability coefficient. PMID- 1249239 TI - Maslow's need hierarchy and Cattell's 16PF. AB - Canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the overall relationship between the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) and the Work Motivation Inventory (WMI). The results indicated that the two instruments shared two independent components which accounted for 30% of their total variance. The results provide some support for the validity of both devices and provide a link between the factorially constructed 16PF and Maslow's personality theory. PMID- 1249240 TI - Sexual responsivity and ego defenses. AB - High- and low-sexual responders to a double-entendre word association test were found to differ in defensive preference on the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Low responders preferred avoidant defenses (reversal and principalization), and high responders preferred approach defenses (turning against object and projection). Results also suggested a consistency of defensive orientation over different situations. PMID- 1249241 TI - Jejunoileal bypass procedures in morbid obesity: preoperative psychological findings. AB - Seventy patients who averaged 155% overweight and requested jejunoileal bypass surgery as a treatment intervention for morbid obesity were studied preoperatively for prominent psychological characteristics. By use of standard personality tests and a structured psychiatric interview, it was found that 89% were judged to be psychologically favorable risks for the operation. Most frequently the diagnostic opinion was of a mild personality disorder. PMID- 1249242 TI - The MFD and brain pathology. AB - This study was a repetition of Black's work with the MFD on a population that differed from Black's in that they were predominantly non-trauma cases, the majority of whom were not neurophysiologically normal when tested with the MFD. Despite the different nature of the present sample, Black's findings were replicated, and Black's cautions with regard to the use of the MFD as a neuropsychological instrument were extended. PMID- 1249243 TI - A comparison of WISC and WISC-R scoring criteria for comprehension, similarities, and vocabulary responses. AB - Ten graduate students scored items from the comprehension, similarities, and vocabulary subtests. Five used the WISC manual anf five used the WISC-R manual. Higher percentages of interscorer agreement were obtained from the WISC-R group on all three subtests. An analysis of two-point discrepancies among scorers further supported the superiority of the WISC-R scoring standards over those the WISC. PMID- 1249244 TI - The assessment of self-care capacity in geriatric psychiatric patients by objective and subjective methods. AB - A simple performance test was developed and used to evaluate a sample of psychiatric geriatric patients on their capacity for self-care. Evaluations were made by asking the patient to demonstrate certain essential activities of daily living. The objective test, compared with patients' subjective reports, was found to be a more valid measuring instrument of functional impairment and more useful as a diagnostic and prognostic tool Test scores correlated with independent clinical assessments of mental status and physical conditions, as well as with short-term outcome of hospitalization. The scale is easy and quick to administer and has many applications for the treatment and management planning of patients. PMID- 1249245 TI - Effects of hyperthermia therapy on the liver. II. Morphological observations. AB - Liver biopsy specimens obtained from three patients during treatment of advanced malignant disease by exogenous hyperthermia were studied by light and electron microscopy. In two patients the parenchymal cells showed either slight swelling or nuclear alterations by light microscopy and, at the fine structural level, large numbers of autophagic vacuoles, dilatation of Golgi elements and endoplasmic reticulum, and large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Similar changes, but in much more severe form together with parenchymal cell necrosis and cholestasis, were seen in the liver of case 3, who developed jaundice 24 hours after hyperthermia. The findings are discussed in relation to earlier accounts of liver changes following hyperthermia, and the functional implications are considered. PMID- 1249246 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis. AB - During 10 years four patients with congenital hepatic fibrosis were seen in a general hospital in London; three presented in adult life. It is suggested that the condition may account for a larger proportion of patients with chronic liver disease than has been thought to be the case. PMID- 1249247 TI - A cause of erroneous diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis. AB - An unusual type of benign vascular hamartoma, which shows a curious papillary organization of thrombus and abundant haemosiderin deposition, is liable to be misdiagnosed histologically as pigmented villonodular synovitis. Nine examples of this type of lesion are briefly presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 1249248 TI - Carboxyhaemoglobin dissociation in the cadaver following attempted resuscitation. AB - A series of 300 cases of fatal carbon-monoxide poisoning showed wide variations in carboxyhaemoglobin saturation. Levels below 50% in 24 subjects under the age of 70 were probably falsely low following attempted resuscitation on the way to hospital. Artificial respiration, especially with oxygen-rich gas, causes dissociation of carboxyhaemoglobin in the lungs of the cadaver while movement of blood into and out of the lungs, with mixing, lowers the saturation levels in the neighbouring large veins. In four cases subclavian blood showed saturation levels much lower than blood from sites further from the lungs. Blood should be taken from the femoral vein to get true readings. PMID- 1249249 TI - Serum antibodies and jejunal histology in giardiasis associated with malabsorption. AB - An immunofluorescent test, using Giardia lamblia cysts as antigen, gave positive results in 32/36 cases of giardiasis with malabsorption, 0/2 cases of giardiasis without malabsorption, and 0/17 control patients without giardiasis or malabsorption. The test was positive in 10/34 patients with malabsorption in whom G. lamblia could not be detected by stool examination or biopsy; some of these cases were presumed to be cryptic giardiasis. There was a crude correlation between antibody titre and the severity of the histological lesion in the jejunum. The finding of a reliable source of antigen remains a problem. PMID- 1249251 TI - The marriage of pathology specimen tubes and request forms. PMID- 1249250 TI - Plasma biotin levels in children with burns and scalds. AB - The plasma concentrations of biotin were measured for up to 49 days after injury in nine children with burns and scalds which involved from 12% to 50% of the surface area of the body. Biotin levels below the minimum of the control range were observed in eight of the nine injured children at some stage during the episode. PMID- 1249252 TI - Proceedings: A case of Paraquat poisoning. PMID- 1249253 TI - Proceedings: The missed diagnosis of amoebiasis. PMID- 1249254 TI - Proceedings: The therapeutic use of plasmapheresis in an immune complex disease. PMID- 1249255 TI - Proceedings: Laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 1249256 TI - Proceedings: Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1249258 TI - Proceedings: Advantages of the 'blind simulated clinical' specimen in quality control in microbiology. PMID- 1249257 TI - Proceedings: Mechanisms of immune complex induced nephritis. PMID- 1249259 TI - Proceedings: Hyphomycetes in the hands of laymen. PMID- 1249260 TI - Proceedings: Leucocyte ascorbic acid in abnormal leucocyte states. PMID- 1249261 TI - Proceedings: Value of microbiological examination at necropsy on the newborn. PMID- 1249262 TI - Proceedings: Fatal post-traumatic vertebro-basilar ischaemia. PMID- 1249263 TI - Proceedings: Incidence of auto-immune thyroiditis. PMID- 1249264 TI - Proceedings: Serial liver biopsies in hepatitis B antigen carriers. PMID- 1249265 TI - Proceedings: A laboratory study of the haemolysis caused by different blood pumps. PMID- 1249266 TI - Proceedings: Colony studies in refractory cytopenia. PMID- 1249267 TI - Proceedings: Preleukaemia and smouldering leukaemia. PMID- 1249268 TI - Drinking by rats after lateral hypothalamic lesions: a new look at the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. AB - Rats that have recovered from aphagia and adipsia following lateral hypothalamic lesions are believed to be incapable of experiencing thirst and to drink water simply to facilitate the consumption of dry food. However, the present results indicate that these animals will drink in response to dehydration of the intracellular or intravascular fluid compartments and to hyperangiotensinemia, if testing continues beyond a few hours. Comparable effects also were obtained in rats with mesencephalic brain damage, which appeared to destroy portions of the substantia nigra and the ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. These findings, when placed in the context of a recent neurochemical model for recovery of function, provide the basis for a new interpretation of the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. PMID- 1249269 TI - Central noradrenergic neurons: differential effects on body weight of electrolytic and 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in rats. AB - The ventral noradrenergic bundle (VB) of the rate brain has been proposed as the substrate for the hyperphagia and obesity produced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. To determine the relationship between body weight and damage to the VB, the effects of bilateral electrolytic and 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the VB were compared. When rats were fed only a standard laboratory diet, no significant differences were found between groups. When a high-fat diet supplement was introduced, the group with electrolytic lesions became significantly heavier than the control group; however, the 6-OHDA group did not differ from the controls. Norepinephrine depletion was significantly greater following the 6-OHDA than the electrolytic lesions. Both lesions reduced telencephalic dopamine and serotonin only slightly. A second study in which both types of lesions were placed at a rostral ventromedial hypothalamic site yielded the same pattern of results. Diet-dependent increases in body weight were attributed to the destruction of a non-noradrenergic system, which was spared by the relatively selective 6-OHDA lesion but damaged by the nonselective electrolytic lesion. PMID- 1249270 TI - Similarity of approach and pecking preferences for spectral stimuli in domestic chicks: absence of a mirror-image relation. AB - The results of Schaefer and Hess showing that White Rock chicks described mirror image response functions to spectral stimuli in approach and pecking behavior could not be replicated using Cornish-Cross chicks under more controlled conditions. Our results showed similar blue-orange bimodal functions for both behavioral responses, resembling the approach data of Schaefer and Hess and the earlier pecking data of Hess and others, but not the pecking data reported by Schaefer and Hess. PMID- 1249271 TI - Experiments on neophobia in wild and laboratory rats: a reevaluation. AB - Two experiments using food-container avoidance as an index of neophobia are reported for two strains of laboratory and one strain of wild rats. In Experiment 1 rats were fed from a single familiar container until their consumption had stabilized. Upon replacing the familiar container with a novel container, the latency of all three strains to begin feeding increased. In Experiment 2 rats were offered a choice between a familiar and a novel container containing identical food. Though there was considerable individual variation among the three strains, the wild strain was more reluctant to eat from the novel container than a hooded laboratory strain, which, in turn, was nore reluctant than an albino laboratory strain. Nonetheless, all three strains showed an initial avoidance of the novel container. It was concluded that both wild and laboratory strains are neophobic and that strain differences are ones of degree, not of kind. PMID- 1249272 TI - Functional differentiation within the neostriatum of the rat using electrical (blocking) stimulation during discrimination learning. AB - Sixteen rats, eight with bipolar electrodes implanted bilaterally in the anterodorsal head of the caudate-putamen and eight with similar electrodes in the posteroventral caudate-putamen, learned a spatial and a form discrimination task and their reversals while receiving "continuous" stimulation. Rats receiving stimulation to the anterodorsal caudate-putamen were imparied on spatial reversal learning compared with the posteroventral group. On form discrimination reversal the posteroventral group were impaired compared with the anterodorsal group. This dissociation is related to the particular cortical neostriatal projection system for the region stimulated and demonstrates a behavioral differentiation in rat neostriatum comparable with that observed in the monkey. PMID- 1249273 TI - Changes in cochlear microphonic sensitivity after priming C57BL/6j mice at various ages for audiogenic seizures. AB - Groups of mice were briefly exposed to a one-octave band of noise at 14, 18, 28, 38, or 58 days of age. Five days later the groups were divided, and some mice were behaviorally tested for audiogenic seizures by reexposing them to the same sound. The round window cochlear microphonic potential was measured in the remaining animals and compared with that observed in unprimed control subjects. Seizure behavior occurred in all animals primed on Day 18 but rarely for subjects in the other age groups. Cochlear microphonic threshold curves in mice primed on Day 18 showed a 30-dB loss in sensitivity, while all other primed groups showed little change. These data were discussed in terms of the "disuse supersensitivity" hypothesis previously proposed to account for the physiological effects of priming in mice. PMID- 1249274 TI - Effect of temperature-season on bovine adrenal cortical function, blood cell profile, and milk production. AB - Data collected monthly for one calendar year from Holstein cows lactating under Louisiana ambient climatic conditions comprised a total of 264 cow-months. The year was divided into seasons of cool, intermediate, and hot temperatures. The hot season elicited depressions in circulating corticoids and percent hematocrit. Leukocytosis was a response to increasing ambient temperature primarily accounted for by an increase in circulating neutrophils. Progression from intermediate to hot season gave evidence of eosinophila, and in addition, a relative eosinopenia may have been induced by increased adrenal cortex activity. Milk production was depressed during the hot temperature-season and showed no significant relationship with corticoids of plasma. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates were indicative of heat stress in the hot temperature-season and gave significant negative correlations with circulating corticoid concentration. PMID- 1249275 TI - Effects of a corticosteroid and diuretic agent on udder edema and milk yield in dairy cows. AB - Treatment of edematous condition of udder with a combination of a diuretic and a corticosteroid administered for three successive days following parturition did not reduce the number of days required to reach peak production. Treatment had no effect on milk production, either adverse or beneficial. Data were from 73 Holstein cows and heifers. PMID- 1249276 TI - Incidence of clinical mastitis in a herd of Jersey cattle. AB - Incidence of clinical mastitis in 1278 lactations of 390 Jersey cows was studied for effects of lactation number, quarter of udder, month of calving, sire, and milk yield. Results for quarter did not conflict with the usual finding that incidence is higher in rear quarters. A mastitis index based on stage of lactation at which infection occurred had less variation, greater variation among sires, and a continuous distribution, in contrast to the traits porportion infected and number of cases. Mastitis increased with advancing lactation number subsequent to second lactations. Fall calvers may have less mastitis since they would be dry or in late lactation during summer. Incidence of mastitis increased at a decreasing rate as total milk yield in the lactation affected increased. PMID- 1249277 TI - Determination of alpha-lactalbumin in human milk. AB - Alpha-lactalbumin is a major protein in human milk and of considerable nutritional importance to the infant. However, there are discrepancies in the literature on content of this protein in human milk, which indicate a need for a method that would permit estimation from a large number of samples. The technique of immunodiffusion was adopted for human alpha-lactalbumin. Purification of alpha lactalbumin for production of antigen is described as is the statistical evaluation of the method. The alpha-lactalbumin contents of pooled human milk samples as well as of the milk from one mother during 2 mo of lactation were analyzed. The alpha-lactal-bumin content of human milk showed considerable variation. This variation and its relation to factors such as length of lactation, and nutritional status of the mother should be studied further. PMID- 1249278 TI - Two rapid and improved techniques for chromatographic fractionation of casein. AB - The major components of casein, alphas-, beta-, kappa-, and gamma-caseins, were chromatographically fractionated on diethylaminoethyl ion-exchange cellulose in stepwise elution with pH 8, .03 M glycine, or pH 7, .005 M phosphate buffers in the presence of 3.3 M urea and .1% 2-mercaptoethanol. Fractionation was at room temperature (around 25 C) in 4 to 4.5 h. The components showed a reasonable purity electrophoretically. These techniques can be used for quantitative estimation of casein composition. PMID- 1249279 TI - Activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues from steers. AB - Mean lipoprotein lipase activities (mueq fatty acids released/h per g tissue) and lipid content(%) in adipose tissue of steers from brisket, perirectal, subcutaneous abdominal, and mesenteric areas were 32, 32, 30, 50, and 73, 77, 64, and 85. The enzyme activity was higher in mesenteric tissue than in the other sites which did not differ from each other. Mesenteric adipose tissue had higher and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue had lower lipid content than did brisket and perirectal adipose tissue. Lipid content and enzyme activity were correlated .38. PMID- 1249280 TI - Response of crickets to amount of forage in the diet. AB - Three replicated tests were to define the conditions needed to use house crickets (Acheta domesticus) to evaluate forages. Crickets were placed on various proportion of forage-to-concentrate mixtures to determine the relative proportions best suited for cricket survival, growth, and maturity. The concentrate portion alone was adequate to support nominal cricket performance. Forages used were timothy, alfalfa, and alfalfatimothy (1:1). Forages replaced from 0 to 100%, in increments of 10% of the concentrate portion. A diet of 40% concentrate and 60% roughage was suitable for evaluating growth and survival effects. The 28-day tests were not long enough to evaluate fully the effects of diet on maturity. PMID- 1249282 TI - Relationship between ruminal ammonia and nonprotein nitrogen utilization by ruminants. III. Influence of intraruminal urea infusion on ruminal ammonia concentration. AB - In three trials, we studied the effect of incremental amounts of intraruminally infused urea on mean ruminal ammonia concentration of steer fed at 2-h intervals. Basal rations contained these percentages of crude protein and total digestible nutrients (dry matter basis); Trial I, 11.1 and 81; Trial II, 6.0 and 54; Trial III, 6.5 and 58. Mean ruminal ammonia concentration reached 5 mg ammonia nitrogen/100 ml rumen fluid at crude protein equivalents of 12.0, 9.3, and 9.4% in I, II, and III. Once ruminal ammonia began to accumulate, there was a linear relationship between intake of urea and mean concentration of amino acids of plasma, serving as an indirect measure of amino acid absorption from the intestine, was not increased by increased intake of urea in III. Results of this experiment support the concept from in vitro data that microbial protein synthesis is unaffected by ruminal ammonia concentration in excess of 5 mg ammonia nitrogen/100 ml rumen fluid. PMID- 1249281 TI - Rumen microbial growth rates and yields: effect of amino acids and protein. AB - Effects of amino acids upon microbial growth, optimum ratio of nonprotein to amino acid nitrogen for microbial growth, and incorporation of amino acids into microbial cells were determined with washed cell suspension in vitro as were rumen microbial cells. Rumen microbial dry matter, nitrogen, ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and substrate disappearance was greatest when a mixture of 18 amino acids was substituted for urea. Substitutions of mixtures of 10 essential amino acids, 8 nonessential amino acids, and sulfur containing amino acids and glutamate also stimulated microbial growth. Acid hydrolyzed casein markedly improved microbial growth. Branched amino acid addition did not affect growth. The optimum ratio of nonprotein to amino acid nitrogen for microbial growth was 75% urea nitrogen and 25% amino acid nitrogen. With this amount of amino acids, an average of 53% of added amino acid was incorporated into microbial cells, 14% was fermented to carbon dioxide and volatile fatty acids, and 33% remained in the supernatant. Both 100% urea and 100% amino acid in growth media were unfavorable for maximal microbial growth. With all carbohydrate substrates, 100% urea nitrogen supported the growth of 9 mg bacterial dry matter per 100 mg of substrate. Substitutions of amino acids for urea increased yields to over 20 mg/100 mg. Microbial growth yields in incubations under carbon dioxide were less than when flasks were flushed with nitrogen. However, yield of bacterial dry matter per unit of substrate was less under nitrogen than under carbon dioxide. PMID- 1249283 TI - Changes in plasma triglyceride fatty acids during lactation. AB - Total blood plasma lipid and plasma triglyceride fatty acids were analyzed at an average of 33, 89, and 139 days of lactation (ranges 20 to 57, 52 to 129, and 122 to 157 days for periods I, II, and III) for 35 Holstein cows in their second or later lactation. Average milk production in the test periods was 35.7, 30.3, and 25.5 kg/day. Lipid analysis was part of a study comparing methionine hydroxy analog or sulfur for lactating cows with effects of treatment and time separated statistically. Cows fed methionine analog had a lower percent palmitate in the triglyceride fatty acid, but there was no other treatment effect. There were significant changes with time in percent total lipid and triglyceride fatty acid. Total lipid averaged 424, 526, and 529 mg/dl. Average percents of measured triglyceride fatty acid and differences with stage of lactation were: myristic, 2.96; palmitic, 27.52, I greater than II or III; palmitoleic, 2.83, I greater than II or III; stearic, 38.58 I greater than II greater than III, oleic, 20.75, I greater than II or III; and linoleic, 4.59. PMID- 1249284 TI - Calcium redistribution into subcutaneous fat at parturition in the dairy cow. AB - Blood samples and subcutaneous fat biopsies from six dairy cows at -14, 0, 14, and 28 days of parturition were analyzed to test the hypothesis that movement of calcium into subcutaneous fat contributes to hypocalcemia of parturient paresis. Plasma and subcutaneous fat calcium decreased while plasma free fatty acids increased at parturition. No trends were significant in magnesium or total lipid content of subcutaneous fat. Calcium content of subcutaneous fat was related positively to calcium concentration in plasma. PMID- 1249286 TI - Response to labeled precursor amino acids, varying cell density, and graded amino acid complement for protein synthesis in mammary cell culture. AB - Effect of labeled precursor amino acids, varying cell densities, graded quantities of amino acid complement, and incubation environment on milk protein synthesis were studied with cultures of mammary cells isolated from Sprague Dawley rats. The essential amino acid complement of Eagle's minimal essential medium was used as base. Protein synthesis, measured by incorporation of labeled lysine, leucine, and phenylalanine, was affected by source of label for the "beta lactoglobulin fraction" and beta-casein but not alpha-lactalbumin. Cell numbers between 6 X 106 and 6 X 107 per 5 ml of culture medium did not significantly alter rates of synthesis. Increasing amounts of amino acid concentration from one to three-fold increased synthesis of "beta-lactoglobulin fraction" and alpha lactalbumin regardless of cell population. Response to addition of essential amino acid for "beta-lactoglobulin fraction" synthesis was linear over one to five-fold with 30.9 mug/flask per fold addition (linear regression coefficient; squared correlation = .91). Results were similar for beta-casein synthesis; 25.9 mug/flask and squared correlation = .91. No culturing effects between carbon dioxide and conventional incubators were significant. PMID- 1249285 TI - Characterization of major milk proteins from BALB/c and C3H mice. AB - Milk proteins from BALB/c and C3H mice were characterized with respect to their electrophoretic migration in polyacrylamide gels under alkaline and acid conditions. The major casein and whey proteins from each strain migrated similarly under the conditions employed. Phosphoproteins were identified by staining with "Stains-all" and by changes in electrophoretic mobility and staining induced by prior treatment with phosphatase. Sialic acid-rich glycoproteins were identified by staining with periodic acid-Schiff and with "Stains-all" by prior treatment with neuraminidase to identify sialic acid as the acidic portion of the molecule. The two major whey proteins were characterized further by their migration in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. One protein had the same mobility as mouse serum albumin. The other protein migrated with a mobility similar to that of bovine alpha-lactalbumin. The identity of the former protein was confirmed by its reaction with goat anti-mouse serum albumin in an immunodiffusion procedure, and the latter protein by its B protein activity in the lactose synthetase assay. PMID- 1249287 TI - Lactoferrin concentration during involution of the bovine mammary gland. AB - Electroimmunodiffusion assay was used to quantitate changes in lactoferrin concentration in mammary secretions during involution of the bovine mammary gland. Concentration of lactoferrin began to increase 2 to 4 days after cessation of regular milking and continued to increase linearly at a rate of 1.15 mg/ml per day as a result of increased net synthesis of lactoferrin during the first 14 to 21 days of involution. Maximum lactoferrin concentration (approximately 20 mg/ml) was attained after 3 to 4 wk of involution. These changes represent a 100-fold increase in lactoferrin concentration over that in normal milk. Maximum lactoferrin concentration was variable between cows. In some cows, the concentration of lactoferrin plateaued at less than 10 mg/ml after 10 days of involution. In others, much higher lactoferrin concentrations of 75 to 100 mg/ml were measured. Lactoferrin concentration decreased markedly prior to parturition and onset of lactation. The increase in lactoferrin concentration during mammary gland involution appeared to be related closely to the process of involution. PMID- 1249288 TI - Corticoid binding in mammary tissue slices from lactating cows. AB - Mammary tissue slices (from lactating Holstein cows) incubated at 37 C with various concentrations of either hydrogen-3 cortisol or hydrogen-3 dexamethasone bound both hormones with high affinity [dissociation constants (Kd) approximately equal to 10-10M]. There were approximately 2900 and 3800 total high affinity binding sites per mammary cell for cortisol and dexamethasone, respectively. In addition, a major nonspecific component bound cortisol and dexamethasone and was unsaturable. Unlabeled cortisol and dexamethasone reduced binding of hydrogen-3 cortisol and dexamethasone whereas unlabeled 17beta-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were without effect. Incubation of tissue slices at 4 C reduced the total number of high affinity binding sites for cortisol by about 56% compared with similar measurements at 37 C. However, dissociation constants for the high affinity components were similar at both temperatures (Kd approximately equal to 10-10M). Macromolecules which specifically bound cortisol in the 700 X g supernatant and precipitate tissue fractions were isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Enzyme digestion experiments and treatment with p chloromercuribenzoate indicated that the macromolecules binding cortisol were proteins. Thin-layer chromatography of bound hydrogen-3 cortisol in the 700 X g supernatant indicated that the majority of bound radioactivity was authentic cortisol. We conclude that fresh mammary tissue from lactating cows possesses protein which specifically binds corticoids with high affinity. PMID- 1249289 TI - Initiation of parturition in dairy cows with dexamethasone. II. Response to dexamethasone in combination with estradiol benzoate. AB - Parturition was initiated in 26 Holstein cows given dexamethasone (4.4 mg/100 kg body weight) in combination with 25 mg estradiol benzoate intramuscularly at day 273 of gestation. Parturition occurred at 40.8 +/- 9.6 h after injection. Twenty six control cows had an average gestation length of 281.5 days. Calving difficulty was not different although birth weight of calves was 2.5 kg less for induced cows compared with control cows. Severity of udder edema did not differ between groups. Average daily milk production for the first 9 wk of lactation was lower (24.2 versus 27.7 kg) from induced than control groups. Incidence of retained placental membranes was 50 and 4% for induced and control cows. Serum estrogens were lower (290 versus 601 pg/ml) in induced than in control cows 2 days prior to parturition. Groups did not differ inserum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, days to first heat, days to first breeding, days to conception, or in fat, protein, and total solids content of colostrum. Casein in colostrum of induced cows was lower. Results of California Mastitis Tests at 15 and 30 days postpartum were similar. PMID- 1249290 TI - Plasma growth hormone and insulin during early lactation in cows fed silage based diets. AB - Peripheral plasma insulin, growth hormone, and blood glucose were determined in 24 dairy cows during early lactation. Blood samples were obtained at 4-day intervals during the first 56 days of experimental lactations 1 and 3 of a 3 lactation experiment. The cows were divided equally among three groups and fed one of the following forage rations for three consecutive lactations: corn silage (18.2 kg/day) plus alfalfa-timothy hay ad libitum; corn silage (18.2 kg/day) plus alfalfa-timothy silage ad libitum; or corn silage ad libitum. These diets were continued throughout the intervening dry periods except in the latter group where corn silage intake was limited if individual animals exhibited excessive body weight gain. Four animals in each group received prepartum supplemental concentrates. The remaining four animals received no prepartum concentrate supplementation. Following parturition, concentrates were fed in increasing amounts to a maximum of 14.6 kg/day during the first 56 days of lactation. Plasma insulin, growth hormone, and blood glucose were not affected by forage diet or prepartum supplemental concentrate feeding. Plasma insulin and blood glucose increased and plasma growth hormone decreased with time after parturition. These changes were correlated with nutrient intake which increased during the experiment. Changes in plasma insulin and growth hormone are related to metabolic adjustments during early lactation. PMID- 1249292 TI - Blood and liver metabolites in fed and fasted diabetic goats. AB - Two trials were to study alloxan diabetes in goats. The data were grouped: 1) normal fed goats (10); 2) 48-h fasted goats (5); 3) fed goats sampled 96 h after alloxan treatment (5); and 4) goats treated with alloxan following a 48-h fast and sampled 96 h after alloxan treatment with continued fasting (3). Groups 1 and 4 exhibited the following means: serum insulin 43.9, 16.4, 9.4, and 6.7 muU/ml; blood glucose 55.0, 47.3, 219.6, and 485.6 mg/100 ml; blood ketones 4.3, 2.6, 36.6, and 28.6 mg/100 ml; blood acetate 4.7, 4.0, 42.7, and 4.9 mg/100 ml; plasma free fatty acids 1.8, 10.0, 14.4, and 40.5 mg/100 ml; and plasma triglyceride 13.3, 7.0, 47.6, and 12.2 mg/100 ml. Liver samples from five fed goats before and 12 days after alloxan treatment exhibited the following means: phospholipid 27.5 and 26.1 mg/g; triglyceride 21.2 and 98.9 mg/g; and percent lipid 7.2 and 14.4. The diabetes was accompanied by fatty liver development and probably reduction in utilization of acetate and triglyceride in the fed animals. PMID- 1249291 TI - Relationship of insulin concentration to blood metabolites in the dairy cow. AB - Jugular blood samples were taken at regular intervals from 31 ketosis-prone cows from 2 wk prepartum to 7 wk postpartum. Eleven cows exhibited elevated blood ketones and depressed blood glucose indicative of subclinical ketosis. There were no significant differences between means of normal and subclinically-ketotic cows in serum insulin or blood metabolites prior to calving. However, in early lactation, those cows which developed ketosis showed depressed serum insulin, blood glucose, and plasma triglycerides with elevated ketones, acetate in blood, and free fatty acids and cholesterol in plasma. Milk production was also lower in ketotic cows. Correlations within cow between serum insulin and glucose, total ketones, acetate of blood and free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol in plasma were .014,--.307, .080,--.421, .413, and -.002 for normal cows and .348, .425, -.324, -.317, .298, and -.131 for subclinically-ketotic cows. It is suggested that low insulin during ketosis is a reflection of depressed blood glucose and, consequently, adipose lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis are accentuated while acetate utilization and hepatic triglyceride release are depressed. PMID- 1249293 TI - Effects of fermentation time on in vivo/in vitro relationships. AB - The effects of six fermentation times, 24 through 84 h at 12 h intervals, were studied on in vivo/in vitro relationships and repeatability and variability of in vitro technique. Three stages of maturity each of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, rye grass, sorghum-sudan, alfalfa, and orchardgrass were used. For one fermentation time for all types of forages, a 48-h fermentation demonstrated the smallest variation among runs and the least run X forage interaction. However, the optimum fermentation for perennials as a group was 60 h; and for annuals, legumes, and temperate grasses it was 36 h. Further studies in vitro compared a 48-h fermentation for all types of forage with 36 h for annuals and 60 h for perennials. Forty-eight forages, including 20 annuals and 28 perennials, were digested in vitro during three runs. With the 48-h fermentation, forages accounted for 86.43% of the total variation, runs 6.80%, and run X forage interaction 6.44%. Variation due to runs was reduced to .33%, and run X forage interaction to .90%, for a combined 36- and 60-h fermentation for annuals and perennials, respectively. Variation due to forage was increased to 98.53%. PMID- 1249294 TI - Cations (magnesium, potassium, sodium), creatinine, bilirubin, and osmolality of bovine fetal fluids. AB - Magnesium, potassium, sodium, creatinine and bilirubin concentrations, and osmolality in bovine fetal fluids have been investigated to seek a possible application to the determination of gestation age. Potassium ion concentration during pregnancy decreased in amniotic fluid. Sodium ion concentration and osmolality increased in allantoic fluid during the same period. Creatinine concentration rose throughout pregnancy in both amniotic and allantoic fluids. However, none of these indicators provided a reliable correlation with fetal age as determined by measurements of head circumference. PMID- 1249295 TI - Effect of fluorescent light on amino acid composition of serum proteins from homogenized milk. AB - The serum proteins isolated from homegenized milk by centrifugation and exposed to 2152lx of fluorescent light for 72 h were fractionated into the major protein components by gel filtration chromatography. Amino acid composition of the major serum proteins, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin which accounted for 80% of the total serum protein, did not change substantially following light exposure. Changes in amino acid composition associated with fluorescent light exposure occurred primarily in the high molecular weight fraction of serum proteins. This fraction amounts to at most 10% of the serum proteins. PMID- 1249296 TI - Single-column chromatographic analysis of labeled glutamine and other amino acids in whole blood. AB - A method is presented for single-column analysis of the concentrations and specific activities of the free amino acids in both whole blood and plasma. Interference from glutathione in whole blood was eliminated by the use of sodium sulfite although losses of about one-half of the cystine and methionine occurred. Seventy-five percent +/- 1 of the glutamine was recovered consistently in both whole blood and plasma so that corrections for this loss readily could be made. Elimination of the baseline shift due to ammonia was accomplished by passing the buffers through ion-exchange columns before entering the sample loops. There were several significant differences between amino acid concentrations and specific activities in whole blood and in plasma, indicating that care should be taken in interpreting data on metabolism of amino acids. PMID- 1249297 TI - Oxytetracycline in bovine plasma, milk, and urine after intrauterine administration. AB - Six healthy lactating cows with normal but varying stages of estrous cycles were treated with chelated or nonchelated oxytetracycline by intrauterine infusion, 4 mg/kg body weight. The chelated drug was a mixture of special metal halides and oxytetracycline while the nonchelated form was a commercial oxytetracycline solution suitable for intramuscular or intravenous administration. Oxytetracycline concentrations in plasma, milk, and urine were determined at timed intervals following treatment. Both forms of the drug appeared in the plasma, but the chelated form was a small amount. The nonchelated oxytetracycline also appeared in the milk. However, no oxytetracycline was in milk of cows treated with chelated oxytetracycline. Both forms of the drug were excreted in the urine. Milk should be withheld from market 24 and 0 h after administration of nonchelated and chelated forms. PMID- 1249298 TI - Effect of horn flies on vanilmandelic acid excretion of dairy cattle. AB - This study measured a physiological effect of known horn fly (Haematoba irritans L.) population densities on dairy cattle. Urinary excretion of the catecholamine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid, was an indicator of physiological response to the parasites. Six lactating Holstein cows were acclimated to the test room prior to a 3-wk control at 21 C. Animals were then exposed to approximately 500 horn flies per cow per day for 4 wk. On days 1 and 21 of exposure, two urine samples were obtained from each cow. Mean urinary values for cows were 13.3 +/- 3.1 mug/100 ml in the control period and 18.9 +/- 3.4 mug/100 ml during fly exposure. We believe that increased vanilmandelic acid reflects an increase in standing time and nervous activity associated with the physical disturbance due to the biting of the flies. PMID- 1249299 TI - Insect growth regulators and in vitro volatile fatty acid production. AB - Three insect growth regulators were tested for their effects on in vitro volatile fatty acid production. Each material was tested at 100 and 200 ppm of feed in a triplicated trial. At the concentrations used, there was a trend toward lowered acetate:propionate ratios with inconsistent effects on total volatile fatty acid production for all materials. Of the individual acids, only the relative production of valeric was affected significantly. PMID- 1249300 TI - Effect of dietary potassium percent for lactating dairy cows. AB - Three groups of Holstein cows (four cows per group) past the peak of lactation were fed dietary potassium as percent of dry matter as follows: .45% for 20 days to all groups; .45, .55, and .66% to the respective groups for 12 wk; and .66% to all groups for 19 days. Dietary potassium had no significant effect on milk fat and solids-not-fat contents of milk, milk production, or milk and blood serum cations (potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium). However, body weights were affected. Symptoms common in potassium deficiency were not apparent. Average daily milk production, feed intake, and body weight gains for the 12 wk in kilograms were: 21.9, 15.8, and 15.7; 23.4, 16.4, and 54.5; and 22.8, 19.9, and 92.9 for the .45, .55, and .66% rations. When .66% potassium was fed to groups previously fed .45 and .55% potassium, feed intake increased by 3.6 kg and 1.3 kg but increased only .2 kg in the group previously fed .66%. PMID- 1249302 TI - Aldrin epoxidation, dihydroisodrin hydroxylation, and p-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylation in six species of saturniid larvae. PMID- 1249301 TI - Health and performance of calves with forestomach-bypass fed milk replacer. AB - Ten male Holstein calves were placed in groups of two calves each on similarity of age. On calf in each group was subjected to forestomach-bypass surgery at about 1 mo of age. Fortified commercial milk replacer with added minerals and vitamins was fed as the sole diet. The calves were housed indoors on slatted platforms. Weight gain was determined biweekly. Feed intake was determined daily. Necropsies were performed upon termination of the study. Recurrent ruminal bloat, fever, and anorexia of varying degrees and combinations occurred in four of the calves with forestomach bypass. Two of these calves showed slow weight gain. One of the four calves died following acute bloat while the other three calves were sacrificed following repeated episodes of bloat. The time of termination varied between 3 and 10 mo. One calf with forestomach bypass and all control calves appeared healthy throughout the experiment. Necropsies indicated that the ruminal bloat, seen in most of the forestomach-bypass calves, could be attributed to the back-flow of ingesta via the omasal-abomasal orifice. This ingesta appeared to produce gas which became trapped in the bypassed rumen. PMID- 1249303 TI - New arylterpenoid compounds with juvenile hormone activity against mosquitoes. PMID- 1249304 TI - A photoelectric counter for tick larvae and small insects. PMID- 1249305 TI - Tests of acaricides for control of Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus. PMID- 1249306 TI - Toxicity and inhibition studies with N-alkyl analogues of tetram. PMID- 1249308 TI - Topical toxicity of ten insecticides to laboratory-reared Musca autumnalis. PMID- 1249307 TI - Insect growth regulator AI3-36206. Biological activity against Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica and its environmental stability. PMID- 1249310 TI - Phase effect of an input f2-f1 tone on the level of the 2f1-f2 combination tone. PMID- 1249309 TI - Two-tone suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: extension of a stimulus-response relationship. PMID- 1249311 TI - Intensity perception. V. effect of payoff matrix on absolute identification. PMID- 1249312 TI - Middle ear pressure: effects on the auditory periphery. PMID- 1249313 TI - Multidimensional encoding within the temporal microstructure of auditory displays. III. multistate displays. PMID- 1249314 TI - Effect of activating signal bandwidth on acoustic-reflex thresholds. PMID- 1249315 TI - Effective quiet and moderate TTS: Implications for noise exposure statndars. PMID- 1249316 TI - Psychoacoustic equivalent of period histograms (in memoriam Dr. Russell Pfeiffer). PMID- 1249317 TI - Speaker-identifying features based on formant tracks. PMID- 1249318 TI - Dichotic "masking" of voice onset time. PMID- 1249319 TI - Energy dissipation in human hand-arm exposed to random vibration. PMID- 1249320 TI - Toward damage risk and habitability criteria for pure-tone pulse trains. PMID- 1249321 TI - Pinna disparity processing: a case of mistaken identity? PMID- 1249322 TI - Monaural loudness adaption at low sensation levels in normal and impaired ears. PMID- 1249323 TI - Loudness adaption in listeners with noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 1249324 TI - Acoustic effects of style of speech. PMID- 1249326 TI - Perception of noise transmitted through barriers. PMID- 1249325 TI - Sonar for generalized target description and its similarity to animal echolocation systems. PMID- 1249327 TI - Effect of temperature on cochlear responses during and after exposure to noise. PMID- 1249328 TI - Cochlear nonlinearity and second filter: possible mechanism and implications. PMID- 1249329 TI - Noise of ears and microphones. PMID- 1249330 TI - Recognition masking of auditory lateralization and pitch judgments. PMID- 1249331 TI - Effect of signal phase on the detectability of a tone masked by two tones. PMID- 1249332 TI - Effects of learning English as a second language on the acquisition of a new phonemic contrast. PMID- 1249333 TI - Pronounced binaural pitch phenomenon. PMID- 1249334 TI - Trill threshold revisited. PMID- 1249335 TI - Comments on "Species differences in cochlear fatigue related to acoustics of outer and middle ears of guinea pig and chinchilla" (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 929 934 (1974)). PMID- 1249336 TI - Equal-sensation functions generated by the method of magnitude estimation. PMID- 1249337 TI - Localized cochlear microphonics recorded from the spiral lamina. PMID- 1249338 TI - Legal briefs. PMID- 1249339 TI - Stationary source combustion: an R & D update. PMID- 1249340 TI - Solid waste, air pollution and health. PMID- 1249341 TI - Collaborative testing of methods to measure air pollutants. III. The chemiluminescent method for ozone: determination of precision. PMID- 1249342 TI - Short term air quality standards for suspended particulate matter in New York State. PMID- 1249343 TI - Perception of air pollution in a developing country. PMID- 1249345 TI - Georgia rural air quality: effect of agricultural and forestry burning. PMID- 1249344 TI - Atmospheric sulfates from biological sources. PMID- 1249346 TI - Survey of airborne 2,4,-D in South-Central Washington. PMID- 1249347 TI - Hypersensitivity to procarbazine associated with angioedema, urticaria, and low serum complement activity. AB - Hypersensitivity to procarbazine associated with urticaria, angioedema, and painful joint swelling was found in a 20-year-old student being treated for Hodgkin's disease. A marked fall in complement component activity occurred simultaneously with the development of symtoms. It is suggested that generation of products of complement component activation could be important in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity to some drugs. PMID- 1249348 TI - In vitro cross-allergenicity of major aeroallergenic pollens by the radioallergosorbent technique. AB - Cross-reactivity between major classes of aeroallergenic pollens has been estimated by comparing the inhibitory effects of selected allergens upon the reaginic activity of other native and non-native varieties, as measured by the radioallergosorbent technique (RAST). Common allergenic determinants were demonstrated in indigenous and nonindigenous ragween species. Although patterns of inhibitory capacity were less uniform among grass pollens, endemic species tended to have more common allergenic properties than nonendemic species. Tree pollens exhibited the greatest degree of heterogeneity, confirming the previous view that these pollens tend to be less cross-reactive. Concomitant skin test threshold studies utilizing the same groups of pollens were in general agreement with in vitro results. Because, threshold skin testing was affected by a number of uncontrollable variables, however, the current modification of RAST in estimating cross-allergenicity was more accurate and reliable than data based upon cutaneous tests. It was concluded that reagin neutralization by the RAST method is the best currently available method of assessing cross-allergenic properties of pollens. PMID- 1249349 TI - An improved technique for nasal inhalation challenge tests. AB - An improved technique for nasal inhalation challenge tests is described. It includes an improved delivery system utilizing a Maxi-Myst air compressor delivering a flow of room air controlled by an in-line, electroncially timed solenoid which precisely controls the duration of compressor activity. A No. 251 DeVilbiss atomizer will deliver 0.1 + 0.01 gm/spray when the flow rate is 11.5 L/min, the duration of atomizer activity is approximately 0.1 sec, and the amount of liquid in the atomizer insert is kept between 0.75 and 2.0 ml. Nasal aerosol challenge of 0.1 ml of isotonic phosphate-buffered saline per nostril produced less variability in nasal airway resistance (NAR) response than 0.2 ml, and the smaller volume proved satisfactory for 6 consecutive saline challenges at 15-min intervals. A new face mask, which did not impinge on the bridge of the nose or paranasal structures, yielded lower baseline values of nasal airway resistance and much less variability in these measurements. Techniques employed in objectively quantitating nasal responses to various exogenous substances are briefly but critically reviewed. PMID- 1249350 TI - Inhibition by prednisone of late cutaneous allergic responses induced by antiserum to human IgE. AB - Dual cutaneous allergic responses can be induced in human subjects by the intracutaneous injection of antiserum to human IgE (AHIGE). Adrenocortical steroid fails to inhibit the AHIGE-induced early wheal-and-flare response but does inhibit the late allergic response. This pattern of inhibition by adrenocortical steroid resembles that known to pertain to allergen-induced dual cutaneous allergic responses. PMID- 1249351 TI - Modifications of the Wright Dust Feed Mechanism permitting stable dispersion of native ragweed pollen. AB - Conventional methods have not provided aerosols of suitable constancy. The Wright Dust Feed Mechanism was adapted to provide tractable pollen dispersion. PMID- 1249352 TI - IgE levels in sera of cancer patients. AB - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured in the sera of 18 healthy adult volunteer donors, 67 adults with various types of solid neoplasms, and 17 adults with clinical allergy by means of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. There was no siginificant difference in the geometric mean serum IgE level between all cancer subjects and the healthy control subjects except that cancer and noncancer patients who had definite clinical allergies showed an increased mean IgE level. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean IgE level of any of the six cancer subgroups studied when compared to the control mean. Thus, there was no evidence reflected in serum levels that IgE plays a role in the immunopathology of the cancer population tested. PMID- 1249353 TI - Letter: Fire ant hypersensitivity. PMID- 1249354 TI - Serum prostaglandin levels in asthmatic patients. AB - Levels of serum prostaglandins E and F were measured by radioimmunoassay in 40 asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. Levels of both prostaglandins--E and F- were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal control subjects. The prostaglandin F/prostaglandin E ratio was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal control subjects. PMID- 1249355 TI - Studies on polynucleotides. CXLIII. A rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of deoxyribooligonucleotides carrying 5'-phosphate end groups using a new protecting group. PMID- 1249356 TI - Crystal structure and conformation of the cyclic dipeptide cyclo-(L-threonyl-L histidyl) dihydrate. PMID- 1249358 TI - Letter: Nonspecific biosynthesis of hopane triterpenes in a cell-free system from Acetobacter rancens. PMID- 1249357 TI - Application of carbon-13 magnetic resonance to isoprenoid biosynthesis. II. Ovalicin and the use of doubly labeled mevalonate. PMID- 1249359 TI - Effect of added electrolyte on the binding of tetracycline to paramagnetic ion probes. A 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study. PMID- 1249360 TI - Letter: Prostaglandins. I. Direct synthesis of optically active Corey intermediate from (S)-(-)-malic acid. PMID- 1249361 TI - Letter: Molybdenum X-ray absorption edge spectra. The chemical state of molybdenum in nitrogenase. PMID- 1249362 TI - Letter: An intramolecular model for the enzymatic insertion of coenzyme B12 into unactivated carbon-hydrogen bonds. PMID- 1249363 TI - Chemical ionization of amino acids. PMID- 1249365 TI - Kinetics of phase equilibrium in a binary mixture of phospholipids. PMID- 1249364 TI - The dependence of geminal H-H spin-spin coupling constants on phi and psi angles of peptides in solution. PMID- 1249366 TI - Ab-initio LCAO-MO-SCF calculations of morphine and nalorphine and measurement of their photoelectron spectra. PMID- 1249367 TI - Letter: Chiral synthesis of prostaglandins from carbohydrates. Synthesis of (+) 15-(S)-prostaglandin A2. PMID- 1249368 TI - Letter: Environmental control of reactions: enhancement of mu-oxo dimer formation from iron(III) porphyrins in organized monolayer assemblies as a model for membrane catalysis. PMID- 1249369 TI - Letter: Synthesis of C-5 substituted pyrimidine nucleosides via organopalladium intermediates. PMID- 1249370 TI - Letter: Biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III from porphobilinogen. Resolution of the enigmatic "switch" mechanism. PMID- 1249371 TI - Letter: Fluorine control of regioselectivity in photocycloaddition reactions. The direct functionalization of uracil via a novel 1,4-fragmentation. PMID- 1249372 TI - Letter: Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of zinc(II) coproporphyrins. A modus operandi for reproducible measurement of porphyrin spectra. PMID- 1249373 TI - Letter: Oxygen binding to mercaptide-heme complexes. Models for reduced cytochrome P-450. PMID- 1249375 TI - Letter: Stereospecific conversion of diosgenin to alpha-ecdysone. PMID- 1249374 TI - Letter: Total synthesis of (+/-)-vernolepin and (+/-)-vernomenin. PMID- 1249376 TI - Dietary-atherosclerosis study on deceased persons. Relation of selected dietary components to raised coronary lesions. AB - Dietary histories for 253 deceased New Orleans men were obtained retrospectively by interviewing respondents who had shared the household with these men for an average of eighteen years. Each respondent answered a detailed questionnaire designed to elicit the usual twenty-eight-day pattern of food intake of the subject during the terminal year of his life. This information was then used to calculate the average daily intake of selected dietary components. The cases included in the dietary studies were a sub-sample of cases in the International Atherosclerosis Project and were also studied for cigarette smoking habits. Analyses were performed to determine possible associations of nutrient intakes during the terminal year of life with the extent of raised lesion involvement in the three main coronary arteries measured at autopsy. These analyses indicated that higher intakes of protein of vegetal origin, total carbohydrate, starch, and crude fiber are associated with less atherosclerotic lesion involvement. For other components (total calories, total protein, animal protein, total fat, animal or vegetal fat, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, total sugars, and cholesterol), there were no indications that the daily consumption was related to atherosclerotic lesions found at autopsy. When the diet-lesion relationships were examined on the basis of nutrient-to-calorie ratios, starch and vegetal protein were associated with less atherosclerotic lesion involvement in the coronaries, while animal protein and fat, regardless of source, were associated with greater atherosclerotic lesion involvement. These results suggest that, in general, the consumption of more foods of vegetal origin may be related to a lesser degree of atherosclerotic involvement. PMID- 1249377 TI - Zinc content and the zinc-to-calorie ratio of weighed diets. AB - The zinc content of weighed, self-selected diets of high school girls and college women varied widely. A majority of the diets contained less than the 15-mg. recommended allowance for zinc and a significant number provided less than two thirds of the allowance. Approximately one-third of thirty diets planned and prepared for a metabolic study contained less than 10 mg. zinc. The zinc content of the metabolic diets appeared to reflect the kind of meat included. Zinc-to calorie ratios of the self-selected diets were 8.6 and 8.8 mg. per 1,000 kcal for high school girls and college women, respectively. The metabolic diets provided a mean of 6.6 mg. zinc per 1,000 kcal. Consideration of the energy values and the zinc-to-calorie ratios of these diets suggests that energy restriction and choice of foods are important factors contributing to zinc intakes below the recommended amount. PMID- 1249378 TI - Dietary counseling in ambulatory care. I. A "hearing" on present services. PMID- 1249379 TI - Dietary counseling in ambulatory care. II. The nutrition consultant for visiting nurses. PMID- 1249380 TI - Dietary counseling in ambulatory care. III. Viewpoint of the hospital dietitian. PMID- 1249381 TI - Dietary counseling in ambulatory care. V. The nutritionist in a comprehensive health care plan. PMID- 1249382 TI - Dietary counseling in ambulatory care. VII. The viewpoint of a nutritionist in a state health department. PMID- 1249383 TI - Effect of aging on thyroid economy in man. AB - The effects of aging on the thyroid are discussed under the headings of metabolic indices, thyroid function, hormone production, blood concentration, and thyroregulatory mechanisms. Possibly elderly men differ from elderly women with regard to thyroid economy, but the available data are too few and contradictory to permit drawing firm inferences about the effects of aging. PMID- 1249384 TI - A psychogeriatric assessment program. IV. Interdisciplinary aspects. AB - The interdisciplinary aspects of the psychogeriatric assessments described in three previous papers are discussed on the basis of factor-analysis findings and their significance in diagnosis, treatment, planning and theory. The difference between basic biopsychologic dysfunctions (including pathohistologic changes and various counter-regulations) and psychosocial dysfunctions (lifestyle) becomes clear statistically as well as clinically. This difference probably is fundamental, in the sense that intact biopsychologic functions are elementary tools for the psychosocial functions. PMID- 1249385 TI - Observations on the natural history of atherogenesis. AB - Longstanding scoliosis of the lumbar spine with convexity to the left leads to severe atherosclerosis in the adjacent segment of the abdominal aorta. By contrast, the lateral wall of the ascending aorta, which is free to pulsate, usually is not affected even in very old persons. This relative immunity, however, is not maintained in cases of syphilitic mesaortitis; damage to the elastic tissues of the media leads to atherosclerosis. Man is the only mammal known to be highly susceptible to severe atherosclerosis. The concept is advanced that the erect posture of man, which leads to the physiologic anterior curvature of the lumbar spine, predisposes to atheroma formation in the abdominal aorta, particularly in women. Evidence for the osteoporosis-atherosclerosis concept is presented. Sustained muscular activity starting early in life can delay osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. A possible mechanism for the onset and gradual progression of physiologic osteoporosis is suggested. The concept of atherogenesis advanced here is based on observations which suggest a correlation of aging processes in the mesenchymal tissues. These aging processes, in conjunction with mechanical factors partly caused by the erect posture, may account for the unique susceptibility of man to severe atherosclerosis. PMID- 1249386 TI - Prediction of short-term outcome in newly admitted psychogeriatric patients. AB - Thirty-six consecutive admissions to a geriatric service recently reorganized to function within a community psychiatric framework were evaluated by means of a series of behavioral and psychologic measures. Assessments upon admission and at three, five and eight weeks and five months afterward, revealed that the greatest therapeutic responses and the most discharges occurred within the first few weeks after admission. Patients remaining for longer periods tended to stabilize at a lower level of functioning or to deteriorate. A combination of two simple measures used in evaluation upon admission and relating to physical and mental functioning was found to predict the patient's status at five months (still in the hospital, dead, or discharged) with 75 percent accuracy. Use of the lambda statistic for judging the predictive power of measures is suggested. PMID- 1249387 TI - Nocturnal neurosis of the elderly: failure of agencies to cope with the problem. AB - About half of the elderly seen in medical consultations in several midtown Manhattan facilities have "nocturnal neurosis." This syndrome is characterized by a mixed neurosis with a pronounced nocturnal increase in the severity of symptoms, occurring in recently isolated persons. Apparently, failure of the neighborhood social network to function during the evening hours largely accounts for the problem. Few Centers provide nighttime activities. A proliferation of evening programs might significantly reduce the prevalence of nocturnal neurosis in the elderly. PMID- 1249388 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica. AB - Polymyalgia rheumatica should be considered when a syndrome of constitutional symptoms, especially weight loss, low-grade fever, weakness, wasting proximal muscles, fatigue, malaise and depression, is seen in the elderly. Giant-cell arteritis plays a part later in the course. Thus the need for biopsy of a long segment of the temporal artery to help in determining diagnosis and therapy. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an important clue. The usual high value is about 80 mm/hour; if it is over 100 mm/hour, giant-cell arteritis should be suspected. Salicylates, indomethacin, phenylbutazone and hydroxychloroquine produce some clinical improvement but do not lower the high ESR; moreover, the patients are prone to experience relapses. Prednisone, however, not only produces clinical improvement but lowers the high ESR. Potassium p-aminobenzoate may be useful in maintaining the remission. PMID- 1249389 TI - The medical director in an extended care facility. AB - The growth of the aged population has increased the need for Extended Care Facilities. The role of the Medical Director in these institutions is extremely important in developing the needed programs and in formulating policies to insure that medical care is maintained at a high-quality level. PMID- 1249390 TI - Errors and omissions in diagnostic records on admission of patients to a nursing home. AB - The primary and secondary diagnoses for 100 geriatric patients consecutively admitted to a nursing home were reviewed for accuracy and omissions. Primary diagnoses were identified as the direct basis for nursing home admission. Other physical, biochemical or behavioral disorders requiring continued therapeutic care were identified as secondary diagnoses. A comparison was made of the diagnosis offered by the referring physician and the diagnosis as determined by the medical staff of the nursing home immediately after admission. In 64 percent, the secondary diagnoses were either lacking or inaccurate. The extraordinarily inadequate medical performance with respect to identifying the primary clinical and therapeutic problems of the chronically ill aged was remarkably consistent, regardless of the source of the patient's referral, whether from a general or psychiatric hospital, a private home, or another nursing home. The results of this study revealed a significant degree of unpreparedness and malaise in some members of the medical profession concerning the care of the chronically ill aged, particularly when such patients demonstrate behavioral disorders superimposed upon physical disease. Failure to identify the patient's needs through diagnosis must result in poor, inadequate or inappropriate treatment programs. PMID- 1249391 TI - The problem of dizziness and syncope in old age: transient ischemic attacks versus hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex. AB - In the elderly, a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and a hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex (HCSR) often co-exist and can pose a diagnostic challenge. Seven cases are presented. HCSR is a relative condition; besides increased irritability of the receptor or target organs, susceptibility of the nerve center to ischemia probably is induced by a slow heart rate or low blood pressure in any patient with pre-existing occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Dizziness and syncope of this type represent hemodynamic TIA in contrast to thromboembolic TIA. The carotid sinus massage test is recommended for differentiating the two types of TIA; the treatments differ. At present there is no uniform management that can be applied to either TIA or HCSR routinely. Therefore, treatment should be approached on an individual basis, keeping in mind the different pathophysiologic factors operating in the specific patient. PMID- 1249392 TI - Physiologic responses of men 49 to 65 years of age to endurance training. AB - A study was made of the effects of training for 30 minutes, three days a week for 20 weeks on certain physiologic measures of sedentary men between 49 and 65 years of age. Twenty-two subjects volunteered for the experimental group, and 8 others for the control group. Exercise sessions were conducted on a quarter-mile track and consisted of continuous bouts of walking and jogging. The average daily energy expenditures progressed from 228 to 365 kilocalories between weeks 4 and 20. For the same period, average exercise heart rates (HRs) progressed from 149 beats/minute (83 per cent maximum HR) to 155 beats/minute (91 per cent maximum HR). The experimental group showed significant increases in maximum oxygen intake (VO2 max) from 2.47 to 2.90 liters/minute (18 per cent) and in maximum pulmonary ventilation (VE max) from 105 to 121 liters/minute (BTPS), and decreases in resting HR, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, skinfold fat, and abdominal girth. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and heart volume remained unchanged. The control subjects showed no significant changes. Regression analysis, with use of age as a covariate, showed a small but significant inverse relationship with changes in VO2 max. It was concluded that men of the 49-65 age group respond favorably to endurance exercise and show a magnitude of change similar to that found in previous investigations of similar design with younger subjects. PMID- 1249394 TI - The Massachusetts drug formulary act. PMID- 1249395 TI - Improving patient compliance. PMID- 1249393 TI - Evaluation of impact of drug substitution legislation. PMID- 1249396 TI - Drug utilization and potential drug-drug interactions. PMID- 1249397 TI - A computer-based system for screening outpatient drug utilization. PMID- 1249398 TI - Paying the pharmacist a fee for detecting adverse drug reactions. PMID- 1249399 TI - Propoxyphene. PMID- 1249400 TI - A morphometric study of the density of mitochondrial cristae in heart and liver of aging mice. AB - Mitochondria in sections of left ventricular wall and liver from C57BL/6J mice, 9, 18, and 36 mo. old, were analyzed using stereological procedures. At 9 mo. of age mu2 cristae surface per mu3 cytoplasm(Sv-c/c was fivefold greater in heart compared with liver reflecting the larger values in the former for both mu2 cristae surface per mu3 mitochondrion (Sv-c/m) and mu3 mitochondria per mu3 cytoplasm (Vv-m):Sv-c/c = Sv-c/m. Vv-m. At 36 mo. in both tissues, Sv-c/c had decreased to 65% of the earlier value. This was due to a decrease in Vv-m alone in heart and both Vv-m and Sv-c/m in liver. In both tissues the number of mitochondria per mu3 cytoplasm (Nv-m) also decreased with age while mu3 organelle average volume (vm) remained constant, supporting previous observations: Vv-m = Nv-m-vm. These data support the views: different tissues in the same organism age independently; and mitochondrial inner and outer membranes have a semi independent existence. PMID- 1249401 TI - Age-related changes in hepatic fine structure: a quantitative analysis. AB - Age-related changes in hepatic fine structure were quantitatively evaluated in virgin and retired breeder (RB) male rats by morphometric analysis. Centrolobular hepatocytes increase in size, at least up to 480 days of age, and this increase is reflected in larger volumes of nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles, and ground substance. The surface area of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) continues to increase with age in both groups of animals, although there is a significantly greater amount of both SER and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the livers of the virgin rats. In addition, aging is accompanied by a gradual increase in the relative volume of the lysosomes and a linear decrease in the surface area of the Golgi membranes. Evidence from this study suggests that specific alterations in hepatic fine structure occur as a function of age. PMID- 1249402 TI - Dietary protein, life-span, and biochemical variables in female mice. AB - The 50% mortality of female C57BL/6J mice fed ad libitum a diet which contained 26% or 4% casein, was 23.5 and 28 mo., respectively. Diet did not markedly affect the age-associated changes in the collagen content of the extractability of collagen of skin. In general, the activities of enzymes based on DNA were low in the restricted animals. PMID- 1249403 TI - Dietary protein life-span, and physiological variables in female mice. AB - The 50% mortality of female C57BL/6J mice fed ad libitum a diet which contained 26% or 4% casein, was 23.5 and 28 mo., respectively. Significantly lower rectal temperatures and higher oxygen consumptions were observed in the animals offered the 4% compared to the 26% casein diet. Changes in body temperature and oxygen consumption could not account for the total increase in life-span brought about by feeding a low protein diet. PMID- 1249404 TI - The effect of age on creatinine clearance in men: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. AB - Standard true 24-hour creatinine clearance determinations were performed on 884 subjects of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study. On the basis of clinical data, subjects were placed in categories indicating the presence of specific diseases or medications which might alter glomerular filtration rate. Subjects not included in these categories were considered normal (N=548). In the normals, cross-sectional analysis by 10-year age groups showed a progressive linear decline in clearance from 140 ml/min/1.73m2 at age 30 to 97 at age 80. Three or more serial clearances were obtained at 12- to 18-mo. intervals on 293 normal subjects. These longitudinal data showed an acceleration of the rate of decline in creatinine clearance with advancing age. The decrease in creatinine clearance with age seen in this study represents true renal aging and is not secondary to diseases which become increasingly prevalent in the elderly. A nomogram constructed from these data provides normative age-corrected standards for creatinine clearance. PMID- 1249406 TI - The ages of adulthood: a question of numbers. AB - To examine the number of subjective age categories in the post-high school portion of the American lifecycle, adult respondents, selected on a probability basis in Lafayette-West Lafayette, Indiana, sorted cards describing people in terms of major life events and classified them according to age. A nonlinear decrease in the number of age distinctions occurred in the late portion of middle age (46-65 years). The decrease was explained in terms of the developmental cycle of domestic units and age homogeneity of the kinship network. PMID- 1249405 TI - Matching of successive auditory stimuli as a function of age and ear of presentation. AB - Subjects in three age groups matched pairs of tone stimuli as "Same" or "different." Combinations of stimuli were presented in succession to the Same ear or to different ears. Matching times increased with age but were not related to slowing of simple RT. Word stimuli were matched more rapidly than tone stimuli for all conditions, but RT scores suggested that subjects were matching in term of the physical properties of word and tone stimuli rather than verbal-nonverbal dimensions. "same" and "different" reaction times differed depending on ear of stimulus presentation. Sex differences were nonsignificant and no Sex by Age interaction was observed. PMID- 1249407 TI - Age differences in central perceptual processing: a dichoptic backward masking investigation. AB - Age differences in central perceptual processing were investigated using young (mean age 19.5 years) and old (mean age 64.2 years) subjects in a backward masking paradigm known to produce central interference. Subjects were presented with symmetrical, straight-lined letters as target stimuli (TS). The masking stimulus (MS) was a pattern of line segments of the same width as the strokes of the letters spaced evenly over the part of the visual field occupied by the letters. The TS was presented to the right eye and followed by the MS to the left eye. A robust masking effect was found for both young and old across conditions in which TS energy was much greater than MS energy. The asynchrony between TS and MS onset (SOA) was found to be the variable describing escape from masking for both age groups. However, the older group required 24% longer SOAs than the young to escape masking, suggesting a slowing with age in central perceptual processing. PMID- 1249409 TI - Attitudinal predictors of devaluation of old age in a multigenerational sample. AB - Utilizing a semantic differential measurement technique and a sample of college students (N=123), middle-aged adults (N=90), and elderly adults (N=108), this study investigated devaluation of old age in comparison to age in general. Devaluation was predicted from attitudes toward: (1) cultural values and (2) negative concomitants of old age, as well as (3) demographic variables, and (4) self-reported intergenerational contact. All age groups devalued old age. Attitudes toward personal productivity, achievement, and independence contributed significantly to devaluation of old age. Negative attitude toward death was a significant predictor of devaluation of old age among the young and middle-aged sample. The most consistent predictor of devaluation was negative attitudes toward poor health. PMID- 1249408 TI - Paired-associate learning in young and old adults as related to stimulus concreteness and presentation method. AB - This study investigated the learning of young and old adults as related to two variables, stimulus concreteness (low vs. high) and presentation method (recall vs. multiple choice vs. associate matching). The main findings were: (a) the elderly did not perform as well as the young adults, (b) for both age groups performance was better for the pairs with concrete stimuli than for the pairs with abstract stimuli, and (c) for both age groups performance was best with the associative matching method and poorest with the recall method. The paired associate performance of the elderly is characterized by deficiencies in both response learning and associative learning. PMID- 1249410 TI - Social class and association membership: an analysis of age-graded and non-age graded voluntary participation. AB - This paper examines the relationship between social class and both age-graded and non-age-graded voluntary association membership in a sample of 320 older people. Special attention is focused on one age-graded association with an examination of recruitment, participation, and attrition over a 6-year period. No significant social class differences were found in the tendency to hold at least one association membership, or in the tendency to be extensively involved in voluntary associations. Higher class individuals, however, were more likely to belong to age graded associations. There were no significant class differences between new members and those who failed to join as the result of an aggressive peer recruitment effort by members of one "senior center." Similarly, for those who joined there were no class differences in participation or attrition over a 6 year period. PMID- 1249411 TI - Selected social and psychological differences between men and women in later life. AB - Older men and women (3630) were examined for sex differences in selected social and psychological characteristics. Compared to older men, older women were found to be as work-oriented and more likely to take a long time adjusting to retirement. Older women were more likely to report "negative" psychological symptoms, while older men were more likely to see changes in social participation. Implications of the findings for current theories are discussed. PMID- 1249412 TI - Employment, retirement, and morale among older women. AB - This study constitutes an effort to apply to females the role-theoretical orientation to work and retirement in old age which has often been applied to men. Cross-sectional data from a national probability sample of 2,398 women age 65 and over are used to test the hypothesis that older working women have better morale than those who do not work. With the exception of women with annual incomes in excess of +5,000, the findings show small but statistically significant differences both between older working women (who had the best morale) and retirees, and between retirees and women classified as never having worked (who evidenced the lowest moral). Satistically significant differences remained between these groups after simultaneously isolating the effects of age, income, and health, lending tentative support to the hypothesis and suggesting that work may indeed have a salutary thought limited psychological influence among women in the post-65 years. PMID- 1249413 TI - Two conceptual models of the senior center. AB - Two models of the senior center are examined: (1) the social agency model, which views senior centers as programs designed to meet the needs of the elderly and postulates that the poor and the disengaged are the most likely candidates for participation in senior centers; (2) the voluntary organization model, which hypothesizes that the elderly who are more active in voluntary organizations and who manifest strong attachments to the community are also the ones who make use of senior centers. Personal interviews were conducted with a random sample (920 respondents) of 40 elderly men and women in each of 23 New York State communities. The findings support the voluntary organization model: (1) a high score on the Chapin Social Participation Scale is associated with membership in a senior center; (2) a high score on the Community Attachment Scale is associated with membership in a senior center; (3) there is no association between social class and participation in senior centers; and (4) senior center members do not differ from nonmembers in age identification or in a preference for organizations exclusively for the elderly. PMID- 1249414 TI - Report from the National Institute on Aging. NIH support of cellular aging research: the human diploid "fibroblast" model. AB - The National Institute on Child Health and Human Development, NIH, had earlier committed staff time and resources toward the encouragement of the use of the cultured human cell, particularly the cell line WI-38, as a model for cellular aging. Central to this activity was a contracted supply of cells, and the support of workshops and courses. Continued support of the use of cell and tissue culture in gerontology is anticipated by NIA. PMID- 1249415 TI - Purification of the sixth and seventh component of human complement without loss of hemolytic activity. AB - Procedures for the isolation of the human complement proteins C6 and C7 have been described. These procedures allow isolation of the two proteins without any loss of hemolytic activity. Apparent activity gains of 160% and 140% were observed for C6 and C7, respectively, when the activity of the isolated proteins was compared with their activity in serum. The recovery of C6 was 3.5 to 11% and that of C7 was 7 to 13% of the amount present in serum. C6 has a m.w.of 128,000 and an electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6 of -2.6 times 10(-5) cm2 s-1 v-1. C7 has a m.w. of 121,000 and an identical electrophoretic mobility. With 3 times 10(7) assay cells, 63% hemolysis was achieved with 1 ng of C6 and 3.8 ng C7. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and after reduction with mercaptoethanol, C6 and C7 behaved as single polypeptide chain proteins. PMID- 1249416 TI - K cell cytotoxicity against antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes in tumor-bearing mice: its development with progressively growing tumor and the effect of immunization against the tumor. AB - Antibody-dependent (K cell) cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from mice bearing a chemically induced fibrosarcoma has been studied by using antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes as target cells. Spleen cells from tumor-bearing animals caused a significantly greater degree of target cells destruction than did those from control animals. The elevated cytotoxic activity in tumor-bearing animals increased with time after the tumor inoculation and correlated directly with the size of the tumor. The development of increased cytotoxic activity could be circumvented by surgical removal of the tumor. Mice that received x-irradiated tumor cells of x-irradiated tumor cells followed by a live challenge did not show a tumor growth and also failed to show increased K cell cytotoxic activity. It has been concluded that the increased K cell activity results directly from the active growth of tumor. The role of K cells in immunosurveillance has been discussed. PMID- 1249417 TI - Characterization of the target cell receptor for IgE. II. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the surface IgE receptor from normal rat mast cells and from rat basophilic leukemia cells. AB - Purified rat peritoneal mast cells (RMC) and cultured rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells were surface labeled with 125I by using lactoperoxidase, incubated with unlabeled rat monoclonal IgE and subjected to solubilization by treatment with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40). With both cell types significant amounts of radioiodinated material could be specifically precipitated by a "sandwich" system consisting of rabbit anti-rat epsilon-chain and goat anti-rabbit Ig. The precipitates were dissociated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and urea and subsequently analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With RMC three radioactive bands were seen. One corresponded to IgE present on the RMC at the time of isolation. A small band migrating in the region of light chain was seen with both sepcific (anti-IgE) and control precipitates. It showed no demonstrable relationship to IgE. The major radioactive band corresponded to a m.w. of 62,000. This band was dependent upon the presence of IgE and was not found when non-IgE binding control cells were used. With RBL cells, only the IgE-dependent 62,000 dalton peak was present. Saturation of the IgE receptor sites of the RMC or RBL cells before lactoperoxidase labeling almost totally eliminated this radioactive band, indicating that cell-bound IgE rendered this membrane component inaccessible to the radiolabel. These results strongly suggest that this cellular component is identical, at least in part, with the target cell surface receptor for reaginic antibody. The data also further support the hypothesis that the neoplastic RBL cells have a normal surface receptor for IgE. PMID- 1249418 TI - Hapten concentrations in the circulation of animals actively immunized with hapten-protein conjugates. AB - Animals immunized with hapten-protein conjugates subsequently circulate high concentrations of hapten bound by antibody. The levels of hapten detected are capable of significantly reducing antibody titer in the sera immunized animals. In the case of steroid-protein conjugates, the main source of increased plasma steroid concentration is the immunizing conjugate, although a contribution from increased host secretion may also occur. The results for rabbits immunized with digoxin-BSA indicate that the appearance of circulating digoxin followed the appearance of circulating antibody to digoxin. Appearance of digoxin in circulation appears to coincide with the operation of the immune response and may be related to macrophage activity. Similar conclusions are drawn from results obtained for circulating morphine in the serum of a sheep immunized with morphine BSA. Injected hapten-protein antigens are probably processed by macrophage to produce low molecular weight haptenic fragments which are maintained in circulation for prolonged periods in the form of antibody-hapten complexes. PMID- 1249419 TI - The class-specific immunoglobulin composition of fluids obtained from various levels of the canine respiratory tract. AB - Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays capable of accurately measuring the three major classes of canine immunoglobulins in the 50 to 200 ng/ml range were developed. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM in samples of fluid obtained from various levels of the canine respiratory tract (stimulated saliva, tracheal washes, and bronchopulmonary lavage supernatants) and in serum were determined by using the radioimmunoassays. The composition of the immunoglobulin classes, expressed as per cent of the total immunoglobulin content of each sample, differed markedly among the respiratory tract-derived fluids and between respiratory fluids and serum. Pilocarpine-stimulated saliva contained predominantly IgA while bronchial washes contained predominantly IgG. The contents of IgA and IgG in tracheal washes were intermediate between those of stimulated saliva and bronchial washes. There appeared to be a progressive decrease in the content of IgA (83% to 19%) and a progressive increase in the content of the IgG (6.3% to 75%) as sampling proceeded from the upper to the lower respiratory tract. The mean IgG/IgA ratios were as follows: stimulated saliva, 0.1; tracheal washes, 2.1; bronchial washes, 4.1; and serum, 23.2. All respiratory tract-derived fluids contained small amounts of IgM. Local and systemic immunization with sheep erythrocytes failed to alter the per cent composition of immunoglobulins in bronchial washes during the primary immune response. The results demonstrate major differences in the composition of immunoglobulins derived from the upper as opposed to the lower respiratory tract. The findings suggest that functional differences may exist in the immunologic apparatus associated with various levels of the respiratory tract. PMID- 1249420 TI - The distribution of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) among subsets of thymocytes in the rat. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a unique DNA-polymerizing enzyme,has been shown to be present in a moderately dense subpopulation of rat thymocytes separated on discontinuous Ficoll density gradients. This subpopulation has been characterized by using antigenic and functional markers to identify directly and quantify cortical and medullary thymocytes. The TdT-positive thymocytes are depleted by cortisone administration, lack responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin-A, and histocompatibility alloantigens, bear surface antigens characteristic of cortical thymocytes (bone marrow lymphocyte antigen) and lack surface antigens characteristic of medullary thymocytes (rat-masked thymocyte antigen and histocompatibility antigens). The results indicate that TdT is present exclusively (or in markedly higher concentrations) in a subset of cells which comprised about 65% of cortical thymocytes. Two other major subsets of cortical thymocytes were identified which appeared to be TdT-negative. A minor subset of very low density cortical thymocytes was also defined. These observations have provided insight into the possible pathways of thymocyte ontogeny. PMID- 1249421 TI - Pathogenetic mechanisms in immune polioencephalomyelitis: induction of disease in immunosuppressed mice. AB - Immune polioencephalomyelitis (IPE) was induced by the i.p. injection of x irradiated (10, 000 R) syngeneic line Ib malignant lymphocytes into C58 mice that were 7 or more months old and in young mice immunosuppressed by x-ray or drugs. The occurrence of IPE in young immunosuppressed C58 mice was systematically analyzed. When mice less than 2 weeks old were x-irradiated with 600 R, IPE could not be induced. The incidence in 1-month-old mice was approximately 50% and increased progressively with the age except for a drop in incidence at 3 months. An analysis of the dose effects of x-irradiation on the occurrence of IPE in mice of different ages revealed a marked increase in the incidence in 3- and 5-month old mice beginning at dose levels of 450 R and 300 R, respectively. Considered together, these data indicated that two subpopulations of immunocytes differing in x-ray sensitivity interacted to protect mice from IPE. It appears that under natural conditions an x-ray sensitive cell population, possibly having suppressor function, decreased with age and made mice susceptible ot induction of IPE. Five month-old mice were immunosuppressed with an LD10 of cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, or methotrexate to determine whether mice immunosuppressed with drugs also were susceptible to the induction of IPE. The incidence was 89%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The mouse strain specificity of IPE induction also was studied. In 6- to 8-month-old mice suppressed with 600 R, IPE could not be induced in non-H-2k strains: BALB, C57BL/6, NZB. Of the H-2K strains tested (CBA/J, C3H/He, AKR/J, C58), the disease could be induced only in the C58 and AKR/J strains. Histopathologic studies showed that CNS lesions in immunosuppressed C58 and AKR/J mice did not differ significantly from those in old C58 mice with IPE. Taken together, the results of these studies indicate that IPE can be used as a model for analyzing age-dependent diseases of suspected immunopathologic etiology. PMID- 1249422 TI - Activation of C1r by proteolytic cleavage. AB - C1r was unable to cleave and activate proenzyme C1s unless first incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of calcium before the addition of C1s. The acquisition of ability to activate C1s was associated with, and paralleled by, cleavage of each of the two noncovalently bonded 95,000 dalton chains of the molecule into disulfide linked subunits of 60,000 and 35,000 daltons, respectively. Thus, C1r is converted from an inactive form into an enzyme, C1r, able to cleave and activate C1s by proteolytic cleavage in marked analogy to the activation of several other complement enzymes. Trypsin was also found to cleave C1r but at a different site, and its action did not lead to C1r activation. C1r activation was inhibited by calcium, polyanethol sulfonate, C1 inactivator, and DFP but not by a battery of other protease inhibitors. C1 inactivator inhibited C1r by forming a complex with C1r via sites located on the light chain of the molecule. In other studies, cleavage of C1r was not accelerated by the addition of C1r ot C1s. C1r and C1r were found to have the same m.w., sedimentation coefficient, and diffusion coefficients. They differed, however, in charge with C1r migrating as a Beta-globulin and C1r as a gammaglobulin on electrophoresis in agarose. The amino acid composition of C1r and of each of the two polypeptide chains of Clr was determined. Both chains contained carbohydrate. Proteolytic cleavage of the C1r molecule was found to occur on addition of aggregated IgG to a mixture of C1q, C1r, and C1s in the presence of calcium. Neither C1q, C1s nor aggregated IgG alone, not C1r nor C1s induced C1r cleavage. Liquoid, an inhibitor of C1 activation, inhibited C1r cleavage. Thus, proteolytic cleavage of C1r appears to be a biologically meaningful event occurring during the activation of C1. PMID- 1249423 TI - Isolation of alternative pathway C3 convertase containing uncleaved B and formed in the presence of C3 nephritic factor (C3neF). PMID- 1249424 TI - New nomenclature for the HLA system. PMID- 1249425 TI - A rapid technique for the isolation of human IgD myeloma proteins employing ultragel AcA34. AB - A relatively rapid technique for the isolation of human IgD myeloma proteins from whole sera is described. It is based on the use of the newly available Ultragel AcA34 gel filtration medium which yields a very substantially purified IgD fraction from whole serum. The absence of IgG from this fraction allows further purification on DEAE cellulose under conditions where the IgD protein is not absorbed but other protein contaminants are retained. The overall yield of IgD protein is estimated at greater than 90% and the technique is particularly applicable to the isolation of IgD from small serum volumes. PMID- 1249426 TI - A solid-state competitive binding radioimmunoassay for measurement of antigens solubilized from membranes. AB - A sensitive, solid-state, competitive radio immunological method for quantitation of antigens solubilized from membranes is described. This method is based on the measurement of the displacing activity of unknown samples of antigens on 125I labelled antibodies bound to antigen-coated polyvinyl microtitre wells. PMID- 1249427 TI - A rapid, sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin. AB - A specific, quantitative assay for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in plasma has been developed using an hCG-beta antiserum and an assay procedure lasting four hours. It employs a double antibody method and in a procedure prior to assay the two antibodies are pre-incubated in bulk and then stored in ampoules in lyophilised form ready for use. The assay procedure is a dis-equilibrium (sequential saturation) system in which the sample or unlabelled antigen is first incubated with the pre-incubated antisera followed by the addition of the labelled antigen and a further incubation. The antigen-antibody complex is separated from free antigen by vacuum filtration on glass fibre discs. The assay sensitivity is 100-200 picograms hCG/ml (0.68 mIU/ml) and is uninfluenced by normal concentrations of luteinising hormone in the sample. PMID- 1249428 TI - Liquid scintillation counting for measurement of tritiated uptake in lymphocyte transformation in vitro: a new direct-suspension procedure. AB - Liquid scintillation counting of trichloracetic acid extracts of [3H] TdR labelled lymphocytes has been studied by a direct suspension method without previous solubilization. In this new method, mixing of the labelled powder in water suspension with Scintillator Emulsifying Mixture (SEM) results in a firm gel whose mechanical properties provide an heterogeneous sample ready for counting. Counting efficiency and stability of such samples are related to the amount of labelled cells. Comparative studies with standard hyamine procedure have shown that this simple and rapid method gives reliable results. PMID- 1249429 TI - Immunoadsorbents: non-specific binding of proteins to albumin-sepharose. AB - Human serum albumin-Sepharose was prepared by coupling human serum albumin to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B. This immunoadsorbent showed considerable non-specific protein adsorption. The adsorbed proteins were mainly immunoglobulins which could not be separated from required antibody. It is suggested that basic groups formed in the preparation of the albumin-Sepharose are responsible for this non-specific protein adsorption. Non-specific protein adsorption could be completely eliminated by neutralizing the basic groups of the albumin-Sepharose with the anionic dye blue dextran. The resultant blue dextran albumin-Sepharose allowed purification of anti-albumin-antibody with high yield. It is shown that the isolated antibody is pure and retains its native properties. PMID- 1249430 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults--report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 1249431 TI - Prenatal bowing and angulation of the long bones--a reevaluation of its occurrence in a brother and sister. PMID- 1249432 TI - The child with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1249433 TI - Juvenile hormone and DNA synthesis in imaginal disks of Calliphora erythrocephala: results of a new incubation technique. PMID- 1249435 TI - Nutrition of Glossina morsitans: metabolism of U-14C glucose during pregnancy. PMID- 1249434 TI - Characterization of an isoxanthopterin binding protein from Oncopeltus fasciatus. PMID- 1249436 TI - Uptake of beta-ecdysone by the fat body and membrane vesicles of fat body cells of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae. PMID- 1249437 TI - Water balance during vitellogenesis by the American cockroach: effect of frontal ganglionectomy. PMID- 1249438 TI - Further studies of the effect of L-canavanine on the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. PMID- 1249439 TI - Amino acid metabolism during flight in tsetse flies. PMID- 1249440 TI - The fine structure of peritrophic membranes of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala, grown in vitro under different conditions. PMID- 1249441 TI - Ultrastructure of the human dermal microcirculation: the horizontal plexus of the papillary dermis. AB - Electron microscopy was used to define the ultrastructure of the various segments of the human cutaneous microcirculation in normal forearem skin. The organization of the vessels in the horizontal plexus of the papillary dermis was reconstructed from 1-mum plasticembedded sections. Ultrathin sections were taken at 10- to 20 mum intervals over a distance of 450 mum. Arterioles were followed through the capillary bed to their venous connections. Terminal arterioles, arterial and venous capillaries, and postcapillary venules were identified on the basis of size, cellular composition of their walls, and their relationship to the other segments of the microvascular bed. The arterial segments were characterized by a homogeneous basement membrane and the venous segments by a multilaminated basement membrane. The elastic lamina in the arterioles was a discontinuous layer which gradually disappeared from the arteriolar wall to form an external sheath just before the arteriole connected with the arterial capillary segment. The vascular walls varied from 1 to 5 mum in all of the segments of the microvascular bed. Criteria are proposed for identifying the various segments of the microcirculation so that their roles in dermatoses and vascular malformations can be evaluated. PMID- 1249442 TI - Oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic fibers in the human skin. AB - The elastic system of normal human skin was studied by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy three different types of fibers were observed: oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic. The most superficial ones (oxytalan fibers) are very thin and directed perpendicularly to the dermoepidermal junction. They start from a plexus with the tinctorial characteristics of elaunin fibers which is connected with the thicker elastic fibers of the reticular dermis. At the electron microscopic level the oxytalan fibers are formed by bundles of tubular microfibrils 10 to 12 nm in diameter. In the deepest layers of the dermis an amorphous material is seen in the core of these bundles. In the elaunin fibers the amorphous material is sparse, while in the elastic fibers it is abundant and compact. PMID- 1249443 TI - Prostaglandins and chemotaxis: enhancement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - Prostaglandins E1, E2, F1alpha, and F2alpha did not demonstrate direct in vitro chemotactic properties either to rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes or to rabbit or human polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from blood. Prostaglandin F2alpha, however, enhanced the chemotactic responsiveness of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the chemotactic agent casein. PMID- 1249444 TI - The influence of corticosteroids and topical indomethacin on sunburn erythema. AB - The extent to which topical and intradermal corticosteroids and topical indomethacin suppress sunburn erythema was investigated in human volunteers. Both agents retarded the onset and decreased the magnitude of delayed erythema. Suppression by corticosteroids was not demonstrable with ultraviolet doses larger than 2 MEDs (minimal erythema dose). Below 2 MEDs, topical betamethasone valerate produced a dose-related suppression of erythema. Indomethacin was more effective and produced a measurable dose-dependent suppression against 3 and 6 MEDs. Despite significant inhibition of erythema, sunburn damage to epidermal cells was not altered by these drugs. PMID- 1249445 TI - Glutathione-S-epoxide transferase in mouse skin and human foreskin. AB - Glutathione-S-epoxide transferase activity in skin was determined in six mouse strains as well as in human foreskin (from 2- to 4-day-old neonates) using two substrates, styrene oxide and 3-methylcholanthrene-11,12-oxide. Of the strains used in this study, the highest enzyme activity was noted in the skin of the Balb/c mouse. The enzyme was not inducible in skin by prior administration of 3 methylcholanthrene to the mice. Human foreskin activity was lower than that present in the adult mouse skin and ranged from 1.93 to 5.28 with styrene oxide (at 22 degrees C) and 0.17 to 0.46 nmoles/mg protein/5 min with 3 methylcholanthrene-11,12-oxide (at 37 degrees C) as substrates. PMID- 1249446 TI - A rat skin acid esteroprotease hydrolyzing benzoylarginine ethylester: purification and properties. AB - A benzoylarginine ethylester hydrolyzing enzyme from rat skin has been purified 54-fold by chromatography on arginine methylester-CH-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 prior to isoelectrofocusing. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 125,000. The enzyme hydrolyzes bensoylarginine ethylester, acetyltyrosine ethylester, benzoylarginine methylester, benzoyllysine methylester, and benzoylalanine methylester. Casein is slightly hydrolyzed at an optimum pH of 6.5. The enzyme is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, and p chloromercuribenzoic acid. KC1 enhances the extraction of the enzyme, increased its activity, and is essential for its stability. PMID- 1249447 TI - Growth requirements and lipid metabolism of Pityrosporum orbiculare. AB - The yeast, Pityrosporum orbiculare, isolated from lesions from lesions of tinea versicolor, grows in vitro only if fatty acids from the C12 to C24 series are added to the culture medium. Except for elaidinic and nervonic acids, all saturated and unsaturated fatty acids tested support growth. P. orbiculare can synthesize various lipid fractions containing both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from a single fatty acid. Glucose and asparagine stimulate growth but exogenous vitamins do not. PMID- 1249448 TI - Mouse model for protoporphyria. III. Experimental production of chronic erythropoietic protoporphyria-like skin lesions. AB - Albino mice were made protoporphyric with griseofulvin according to an established procedure. Photosensitivity flares were elicited once a week throughout a 10-month period, using black light as a source for 410 nm radiation and the flares were monitored by the intravenous injection of vascular tracers and by light and electron microscopy. Each irradiation led to a selective destruction of the endothelial cells of superficial capillaries which was followed by massive vascular leakage. The basal lamina remained largely intact, providing the scaffold for regenerating endothelial cells which deposited new basal lamina material at their periphery. Subsequent exposures to 410 nm radiation reproduced the endothelial damage and subsequent basal lamina formation; multiple irradiations thus resulted in excessive, concentric, tubelike basal lamina deposits around dermal vessels which light microscopically appeared as PAS-positive hyaline material and clinically gave the skin a thickened, waxy appearance. This model thus reproduced the skin of erythropoietic protoporphyria clinically, microscopically, and at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 1249449 TI - Echocardiography in pulmonary venous obstruction. PMID- 1249450 TI - Wandering spleen in the child: a case study. PMID- 1249451 TI - On becoming a student again. PMID- 1249452 TI - Intestinal parasites among Indochinese refugees. PMID- 1249453 TI - Repaying a debt. PMID- 1249454 TI - A comprehensive program in Iowa for patients with epilepsy. PMID- 1249455 TI - Case report: seminoma testis with an unusual mode of dissemination. PMID- 1249456 TI - Postinfarction ventricular septal perforation: a case report. PMID- 1249457 TI - Editorial: Doctor-nurse communication. PMID- 1249458 TI - Cardiac pacemakers. Experience with implantation. PMID- 1249459 TI - Worrisome polyps. Fiberoptic colonoscopic polypectomy. PMID- 1249461 TI - The chaplain's role. Support of the coronary patient. PMID- 1249462 TI - Established goals, new directions. PMID- 1249460 TI - Hypertension screening. An analysis of blood pressure recordings. PMID- 1249463 TI - KU and VA. The role of VA Hospital, Kansas City, in KU's medical education program. PMID- 1249464 TI - Hand rehabilitation center. The functions at KUMC. PMID- 1249465 TI - Continuing medical education. Survey of physicians' opinions. PMID- 1249466 TI - Emergency medical service. EMS--what is it? PMID- 1249467 TI - The president's message. It's lateF1 It's late!20. PMID- 1249469 TI - The dean's letter--1976. The University of Kansas Medical Center. PMID- 1249468 TI - Letter: Vox dox. PMID- 1249470 TI - Kansas preceptorship program. Recent experiences at KUMC. PMID- 1249471 TI - Comparison of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and sulfobromophthalein glutathione (BSP GSH) disposition under conditions of altered liver function and in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Disposition of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and sulfobromophthalein glutathione (BSP GSH) was compared in control, phenobarbital, or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-treated rats, and in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. After dye administration, BSP-GSH was found to have a more rapid early plasma disappearance rate, a more rapid appearance in the liver, and a greater rate of biliary excretion both in vivo and in the isolated perfused liver, than that of BSP. In considering these observations, it is concluded that hepatic uptake as well as biliary excretion of BSP-GSH is faster than that of BSP. Comparing BSP and phenobarbital, augmentation or reduction in plasma dye concentration, mean plasma half-life (2 to 30 minutes), hepatic dye content, and bile dye concentration, were of the same order of magnitude for both dyes. However, with dye infusion of 3.6 mumoles per kilogram per minute, phenobarbital significantly enhanced the rate of biliary excretion of BSP but not BSP-GSH and ANIT treatment had a greater inhibitory effect on biliary excretion of BSP-GSH than BSP. PMID- 1249472 TI - On the site of decreased fluid reabsorption after release of ureteral obstruction in the rat. AB - Fluid reabsorption in surface nephrons was studied by micropuncture 3 hours after release of complete left ureteral ligation (LUL) or after unilateral release of bilateral ureteral ligation (BUL). In 11 rats with LUL, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averaged 0.23 +/- 0.04 ml. per minute in the experimental vs. 1.25 +/- 0.11 ml. per minute in the control kidney. GFR averaged 0.18 +/- 0.02 ml. per minute in BUL. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was decreased in the experimental kidney of LUL or BUL when determined at proximal or distal sites as compared to the SNGFR determined in shams or the left kidney following right ureteral ligation (RUL). Fractional water excretion was increased after release of obstruction. LUL 2.72 +/- 0.66 per cent; BUL 12.3 +/- 2.82 per cent when compared to sham-operated rats (0.48 +/- 0.07 per cent) or to the untouched kidneys of the RUL group (0.60 +/- 0.09 per cent). Despite increased water and sodium excretion after release of unilateral ureteral ligation and BUL there were marked differences in tubular fluid reabsorption between these two groups. Following release of LUL there was increased fractional water reabsorption along the accessible length of surface nephrons of the experimental kidney. At 55 per cent of proximal tubular length TF/Pin averaged 4.02 +/- 0.02 in LUL vs. 2.18 +/- 0.06 in shams. The mean TF/Pin at 90 per cent of distal tubular length was 31.0 +/- 1.37 in LUL vs. 10.6 +/- 0.08 in sham-operated rats. In contrast, water reabsorption after BUL was slightly but significantly suppressed proximally (TF/Pin 1.95 +/- 0.02) and markedly depressed distally (TF/Pin 3.35 +/- 0.29). These results suggest that the change in fluid reabsorption observed after relief of LUL is located at a site beyond the accessible length of surface nephrons, most likely in the collecting duct. However, the data could also be explained by alterations in fluid reabsorption in deep nephrons. The changes in fluid reabsorption seen following release of BUL reflect the additive effects of release of obstruction and a marked reduction in functioning nephron mass. PMID- 1249473 TI - The effect of dietary sodium chloride on blood pressure, body fluids, electrolytes, renal function, and serum lipids of normotensive man. AB - Eight normotensive white middle-aged men were given low, moderate, and high salt diets with constant potassium intakes each for periods of at least 4 weeks. There was a tendency for body weight, serum sodium, exchangeable sodium, and inulin space to increase. Indirect blood pressure measurements revealed no change in blood pressure, either supine or upright measurements, during the 3 study intervals. Inulin clearance (and presumably glomerular filtration rate) rose with increase in dietary salt. Urinary potassium excretion rose progressively as salt intake increased. Total body potassium tended to decrease with increase in dietary salt. There was no changes in the excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, nor were there changes in the blood level of potassium. There was no change in total body water. The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not appreciably affected by the different dietary sodium intakes. Plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion rose progressively with the two levels of sodium restriction. These studies indicate that normal man is able to compensate for large differences in sodium intake with minor metabolic changes. These changes do not necessarily lead to hypertension over a one-month period. Nevertheless, many hemodynamic and hormonal compensatory mechanisms come into play. It is evident that hypertension might result should the sodium load not be excreted, the circulating volume become too great for the excretory capacity, or if neural or endocrine adjustments be inadequate. PMID- 1249474 TI - Age as a determinant of renal sodium conservation in normal man. AB - Age modifies a number of factors which determine renal sodium handling including the rate of glomerular filtration, renal hemodynamics, and the responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This study was carried out, therefore, to examine the effects of age on the capacity of the normal human kidney to respond to restriction of sodium intake. Renal conservation of sodium and response to dietary sodium restriction was assessed in 89 healthy subjects who were free of cardiovascular, renal, or adrenal disease. The daily reduction in urine sodium which followed restriction of intake to 10 mEq. of sodium and 100 mEq. of potassium per day conformed well to an exponential function, defined by an unweighted least-squares fit. The half-time for the reduction in renal sodium excretion in subjects under 30 years was -17.6 +/- 0.7 hours, significantly faster than for subjects aged 30 to 59, who had a relatively constant half-time (23.4 +/- 1.1 hours). In subjects over 60 years of age the half-time was prolonged to 30.9 +/- 2.8 hours, significantly greater than that of the younger age group. These observations indicate that age significantly influences the kidney's capacity to conserve sodium. Age-related change must be considered in the assessment of this function in human disease. PMID- 1249475 TI - Detrimental effects of ultrafiltration on diffusion in coils. AB - Previous studies in dialysis coils have suggested decreases in diffusive transport with ultrafiltration. The present studies were designed to test whether increasing blood channel width, alterations in concentration gradients, or molecular sieving at high ultrafiltration rates might explain the phenomenon. Increases in blood channel width and molecular sieving can account only in part for the decreases in diffusion observed. The results suggest that ultrafiltration causes alterations in transmembrane concentration gradients from blood to bath presumably associated with solute accumulation on the bath side of the membrane or may alter bath flow kinetics. Increases in total dialysance with ultrafiltration would be even greater if decreases in diffusive transport could be prevented. PMID- 1249476 TI - Solution properties of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) compounds alone and in association with sodium taurocholate (TC). AB - A series of in vitro studies have been performed utilizing the techniques of ultracentrifugation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure osmometry, and spectrophotometry, to study the colloid-chemical characteristics of various sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) compounds in aqueous solution and to evaluate the possibility of a direct physicochemical interaction between BSP and taurocholate (TC). The results of these studies indicate that: (1) BSP compounds self-associate in aqueous solution to form polymolecular aggregates. These aggregates are larger with conjugated BSP, where the aggregation number appears to increase with the concentration of BSP, compared with the more polar glutathione conjugate of BSP; (2) There is a marked physicochemical interaction between unconjugated BSP and TC and a much smaller effect between the bile salt and conjugated BSP. This interaction was minor between BSP and glycodeoxycholate or taurodehydrocholate but was reproduced fully by glycocholate. Such an interaction between BSP and TC may have physiologic importance and may help to explain the previously noted facilitated excretion of BSP observed after infusion of TC in experimental animals. PMID- 1249477 TI - Extracorporeal treatment with cyanate in sickle cell disease: preliminary observations in four patients. AB - The effects of extracorporeal carbamylation were determined in four patients with sickle cell anemia. Treatments were carried out in clusters every 4 to 6 weeks over a 6-month period. Mean carbamylation achieved in vivo was 1.3 moles cyanate per mole of hemoglobin. The mean in vitro P50 during treatment was 22.1 mm. Hg as compared to the pretreatment value of 30 mm. Hg. Hemoglobin concentration was increased over the 6 months by 24 per cent. The treatment resulted in the stimulation of erythropoiesis. Treated cells had a prolonged survival of about 40 days, but bilirubin did not fall. Blood volume and heart size remained unchanged. Carbamylation did not appear to alter the degree of sickling at any given O2 saturation. Painful attacks continued through the treatment period with a frequency of 84 per cent and a severity-frequency index of 77 per cent of that in the control period. There was no evidence of cyanate toxicity associated with extracorporeal therapy. PMID- 1249478 TI - Eosinophil kinetics in the hypereosinophilic syndrome. AB - The kinetics of 51-chromium-labeled eosinophils were studied in 6 patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. The kinetics of these cells were compared with 51-chromium-labeled neutrophils of 9 normal subjects. The patient studies consistently showed that autologous labeled eosinophils transiently left the circulating cell pool in the first 3 hours after infusion, re-entered the circulating pool, and then disappeared from the circulation with a mean blood half-life of 44 +/- 2.0 hours. In contrast, the neutrophils of normal subjects left the circulation progressively with an estimated blood half-life of 12.4 +/- 2.0 hours. These data suggest that the leukocytosis of the hypereosinophilic syndrome may be due to the presence in the blood of an increased number of cells with a relatively long blood half-life. PMID- 1249479 TI - Delivery of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate to patients during hemodialysis. AB - It has been determined that the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) can be leached from plastic bags used to store blood. During hemodialysis patient's blood is in contact with various plastic tubings; thus, studies were undertaken to determine how much, if any, DEHP was delivered into patients undergoing hemodialysis. Serial arterial and venous blood samples were drawn into glass syringes; serum was separated in acid-washed glass test tubes and stored at -80 degrees C. until analyzed for DEHP by gas-liquid chromatography. DEHP was delivered to each of nine patients studied. The amount delivered increased with the length of dialysis, up to 150 mg. during a 5-hour hemodialysis. The metabolic fate and toxicity, if any, of infused DEHP remains to be determined. PMID- 1249480 TI - Direct measurement of the platelet:collagen interaction by affinity chromatography on collagen/Sepharose. AB - A method for studying the platelet:collagen interaction is described that permits simultaneous measurement of platelet adhesion to collagen and the collagen initiated release reaction. Plasma-free platelets are passed through short columns composed of polymeric collagen covalently linked to agarose (Sepharose 2B). EDTA (0.3 mM) is used to prevent platelet aggregation. 14C-Serotonin is used to measure the extent of the release reaction. Measurement of adhesion is based upon 51Cr. In the experiments that are described, the extents of both adhesion and serotonin release were a function of the total collagen content of the column and of the number of platelets applied. Up to 100 per cent of the applied platelets adhered to the columns. As much as 70 per cent of the platelet serotonin was released. Intracellular 51Cr, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase, on the other hand, were not lost from the platelets. Plasma-free platelets were prepared by two different techniques: gel filtration and differential centrifugation. Both preparations gave the same results. The influence of the column temperature was also examined. At temperatures below 37 degrees C., there was a sharp drop in serotonin release, but only a slight decline in platelet adhesion to collagen. Our results suggest that the collagen/Sepharose assay system should provide a usable and greatly needed technique for studying the molecular basis for the platelet:collagen interaction for assessing platelet function in abnormal states and for investigating the mechanism of action of potential inhibitors. PMID- 1249482 TI - Review of diagnosis and surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1249481 TI - The measurement of circulating red cell volume using nonradioactive cesium and fluorescent excitation analysis. AB - Nonradioactive cesium, as an analogue of potassium, has been used to label autologous red blood cells for determination of the red cell volume in man. The initial and the equilibration concentrations of cesium are assayed by fluorescent excitation analysis (FEA), using a 600 mCi 241Americium source and a Si(Li) detector with a 1024-channel analyzer. Comparative studies with 51Chromium in 13 rabbits showed good correlation, but the intracellular cesium concentration achieved by simple incubation with 2.6 per cent cesium chloride solution was too low to be of practical value in humans. Incubation of the human red blood cells with 50 mug per milliliter of Nystatin in 2.6 per cent cesium chloride opened reversible "pores" in the red cell membrane which permitted high intracellular cesium labeling without demonstrable red cell damage. The cesium red cell volumes in 11 random human subjects differed from the 51Chromium red cell volumes by only 0.2 +/- 4.5 per cent and 2.5 +/- 7.6 per cent at blood sampling times of 10 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively. Blood cesium levels fell with a clearance half-time of 31.5 hours in 4 rabbits, and 2.4 days in 1 normal human. Fluorescent excitation analysis of cesium-labeled autologous red blood cells permits accurate determination of the red cell volume in man without associated patient radiation, thus making the procedure much more acceptable for children, pregnant women, normal volunteers, and for repeated studies in the same individual. PMID- 1249483 TI - Special screening for hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 1249484 TI - Psychosomatic aspects of gastrointestinal complaints. PMID- 1249485 TI - From the files of the KMA Maternal Mortality Study Committee. PMID- 1249486 TI - Message from the president. PMID- 1249487 TI - Report from KMA Cancer Committee--. PMID- 1249488 TI - Metastatic carcinoma in axillary nodes without evidence of a primary mammary lesion. PMID- 1249490 TI - Evaluation and management of the neonate with ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 1249489 TI - Hypercalcemia and hypoglycemia in adrenocortical insufficiency. PMID- 1249491 TI - Battered children: doctors, parents, and the law. PMID- 1249492 TI - Electrocochleography in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. PMID- 1249493 TI - The value of impedance testing in diagnosis of middle ear effusion. AB - An attempt is made to evaluate the role of impedance testing and pure tone audiometry in the diagnosis of middle ear effusions in children, by comparing the clinical predictions and the audiological predictions with the myringotomy findings. A number of cases are found to have unexpectedly dry middle ears, thus leading to a lower correlation rate for impedance testing in prediction of effusions, than in other published series. The possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 1249494 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the para-nasal sinuses. AB - 1. Adenocarcinoma in this series is commoner than squamous cell carcinoma. 2. Adenocarcinoma is a disease mainly affecting the ethmoid sinuses whereas squamous cell carcinoma is a disease mainly affecting the maxillary sinuses. 3. Patients with adenocarcinoma survive longer than those with squamous cell carcinoma. 4. Death from adenocarcinoma usually results from intra-cranial infiltration and therefore widespread resection with the assistance of a neuro-surgeon may be needed. PMID- 1249495 TI - Haemangioma of the nasal bones. AB - A case of haemangioma of the nasal bones is recorded. A search of the world literature has revealed 17 previously reported cases. The clinical and radiological features are reviewed and the aetiology and differential diagnosis discussed. Primary surgery is the treatment of choice and the prognosis is excellent. PMID- 1249496 TI - Safety for the C.V.A. person on going to the head! A case report from rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 1249497 TI - Management of multiple trauma. PMID- 1249498 TI - Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. PMID- 1249499 TI - 300 consecutive gastroscopy examinations. PMID- 1249500 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 1249501 TI - Endometriosis, treatment with Danazol. PMID- 1249502 TI - An unusual case of infectious mononucleosis in a child. PMID- 1249504 TI - Cooperative library services for Atlanta's hospitals. PMID- 1249503 TI - The determination of dangerousness. PMID- 1249506 TI - Editorial: Heart month: emphasis on risk factor modification. PMID- 1249505 TI - A large abdominal mass with a "sunburst" vascular pattern. PMID- 1249508 TI - More on informed consent. PMID- 1249507 TI - Hypertension as a risk factor in coronary heart disease. PMID- 1249510 TI - A quantitative inulin tests in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 1249509 TI - ABH isoantigens in cancer of oral tissues. PMID- 1249511 TI - The interrelationship of traditional medicine and modern medicine in the developing world. PMID- 1249512 TI - Liver function and liver histopathology in glacial acetic acid poisoning : case report. PMID- 1249513 TI - Scimitar syndrome--report of a case with lung scanning study. PMID- 1249514 TI - The nail--patella syndrome. PMID- 1249515 TI - Neonatal gastric rupture due to congenital muscular defect. PMID- 1249516 TI - A simple method for analysis of iodine in iodated salt. PMID- 1249517 TI - Thromboembolism in Thailand : incidence, coagulogram and its significance in therapeutic implication and prognosis. PMID- 1249518 TI - Effects of haloperidol on schedule-induced polydipsia. AB - In dose-related amounts, the drug haloperidol attenuated schedule-induced drinking by rats prefed with 0.01-mg drug added to 0, 25, 50, 75 or all of 100 Noyes 45-mg pellets. Drug pellets also induced less drinking than did regular Noyes pellets by rats that obtained these pellets at 1-min intervals by bar pressing. Haloperidol also reduced bar pressing and, temporarily, rate of reinforcement. The results appeared not to be due to a general sedative effect of haloperidol but to its selective power to reduce angiotensin-induced drinking. Thus, schedule-induced drinking, which is abnormal in not causing satiation, is controllable by a drug that interferes with the renin-angiotensin hormone system thought to regulate normal drinking. PMID- 1249520 TI - Subversion of host defense mechanisms by murine tumors. I. A circulating factor that suppresses macrophage-mediated resistance to infection. AB - The subcutaneous injection of cells of any one of five unselected murine tumors resulted very rapidly in the liberation into the circulation of a small molecular weight factor that severely impaired the capacity of the host to resist experimental infection with Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. It was found that the factor appeared in blood within 8 h of injecting tumor cells subcutaneously. That it possessed potent physiological activity was evidenced by the demonstration that an infusion of as little as 0.015 ml of tumor bearer serum strikingly suppressed the capacity of normal recipients to resist bacterial infection. It was reasoned on the basis of the knowledge that the only cells in mice with the capacity to destroy Listeria are macrophages, that suppression of antibacterial resistance was caused by the ability of the tumor suppressor factor to interfere, either directly or indirectly, with the antibacterial functions of these mononuclear phagocytic cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that at least some malignant neoplastic cells are naturally selected to avoid destruction by native and acquired antitumor mechanisms of mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 1249519 TI - Sequential induction of heme pathway enzymes during erythroid differentiation of mouse Friend leukemia virus-infected cells. AB - The process of erythroid differentiation in mouse Friend leukemia virus transformed cells (T3-C1-2) was examined by following changes in several enzyme activities of the heme biosynthetic pathway and in heme concentration while the cells were undergoing erythroid differentiation after treatment with dimethylsulfoxide. Untreated cells on the one hand, have a limited capacity for spontaneous differentiation. On the other hand, dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)-treated cells showed an increase in the activities of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase, ALA dehydratase, uroporphyrinogen-I synthetase, ferrochelatase, and heme concentration by days 1, 1.5, 2, and 4, respectively. The increase of the heme pathway enzymes and heme concentration followed the order of these enzymes or products as they are arranged in the heme biosynthetic pathway. These changes induced by DMSO were effectively inhibited by treatment with actinomycin D, suggesting that continued RNA synthesis is required for the differentiation process. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) (10(-5) M) inhibited the DMSO-induced changes of the heme pathway enzymes. BrdU was most effective when it was present during the first 2 days of cell culture. It gradually lost its inhibitory effect when added after the 3rd day or later. The BrdU-mediated inhibition was completely overcome by the addition of thymidine (7 x 10(-5) M), but not by uridine (7 x 10(-5) M). All these data suggest that a sequential induction of the heme pathway enzyme takes place during erythroid differentiation of Friend leukemia cells, and that the sequential induction of the enzymes may be due to a sequential activation of genes coding for these enzyme activities. PMID- 1249521 TI - Subversion of host defense mechanisms by murine tumors. II. Counter-influence of concomitant antitumor immunity. AB - Subcutaneous injection of murine tumor cells first resulted in a state of severely suppressed macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance and then in a contrasting state of greatly enhanced antibacterial resistance. Whereas, the state of suppressed antibacterial resistance corresponded to a state of suppressed resistance to a tumor cell challenge, the generation of enhanced antibacterial resistance corresponded to the acquisition of concomitant antitumor immunity. It was suggested on the basis of this evidence that changes in the level of macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance that occur during growth of the primary tumor reflected changes in the level of the host's resistance to the tumor itself. It was further suggested that the coincidental suppression of antibacterial and antitumor resistance that occurs during the initial stages of growth of the primary tumor represents the operation of a mechanism that enables the tumor to avoid destruction by macrophages. The results support the view that macrophages play an important role in native and acquired resistance to malignant tumors. PMID- 1249522 TI - Studies on the mechanism of solubilization of immune precipitates by serum. AB - Antigen (Ag)-antibody (Ab) aggregates prepared with several different antigens are solubilized by fresh serum at 37 degrees C (complex-release activity of serum or CRA). The rate of solubilization varies in different systems and is strongly influenced by the affinity of Ab for the Ag in the immune precipitate. With a given Ag-Ab precipitate, the maximum amount of complex that can be solubilized by individual sera is independent of the initial concentration of complexes and cannot be increased by prolonged incubation. CRA occurs in the absence of C2 and C4, but not in the absence of C3 and factor B of the properdin pathway. Addition of C2 to C2-deficient serum or C4 to C4-deficient serum enhances CRA. Solubilization does not involve extensive degradation of the complexed antibody, as might be detected by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of released antibody after reduction and alkylation to separate H and L chains. Immune precipitates can also be solubilized by incubation with monovalent fragments (Fab or Fab') of antibodies against determinants of the Ab molecules in the immune precipitate. In contrast, F(ab')2 fragments decrease the solubility of the immune precipitates. In view of these findings, we propose that CRA is mediated by the binding of functionally monovalent C fragments (C3 and C4) onto Ab molecules in the precipitates. PMID- 1249523 TI - Lymphocyte activation by monovalent fragments of antibodies reactive with cell surface carbohydrates. AB - Antibodies reactive with cell surface carbohydrates were isolated from normal chicken serum and were found to be mitogenic for mouse splenic lymphocytes as assayed by both blast transformation and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The Fab' fragments of these carbohydrate-binding immunoglobulins were just as mitogenic as the divalent native antibody. Moreover, succinylated Fab' fragments, which probably would not form self-associating aggregates, showed similar mitogenic properties. All of these results indicate that, at least for saccharide-specific ligands, multipoint attachment and receptor cross-linkage on the cell to which the ligand is attached may not be a stringent requirement for activation. PMID- 1249524 TI - Determinants of the enhancement of flavored-water intake by prior exposure. AB - The intake of a 2.0% sodium saccharin solution in rats was observed to increase as a function of both the number (Experiment 1) and the duration (Experiment 3) of prior periods of access to the saccharin flavor, but did not increase when subjects were maintained on a fluid deprivation procedure in the absence of saccharin exposure (Experiment 2). The enhancement of intake was further influenced by the schedule of saccharin preexposures in the absence of variations in the amount of solution tasted (Experiment 4). The effect was not a function of the opportunity for subjects to determine their own pattern of contact with the saccharin flavor, the opportunity for association of the flavor with hunger and thirst reduction, or the amount of saccharin swallowed during preexposure (Experiment 5). These results suggest that mere exposure to a flavored solution is sufficient to increase subsequent intakes. The phenomenon is discussed in terms of the attenuation of neophobia elicited by the novelty of flavored solutions. PMID- 1249525 TI - Modification of the rat's acoustic startle response by antecedent visual stimulation. AB - Male hooded and albino rats were exposed to a light flash followed at various temporal intervals by a startle-eliciting 117 db. (re 20 muN/m2) burst of white noise. The visual stimulus engendered startle response inhibition (maximally when the lead time was 64-250 msec) as well as startle response latency reduction (maximally when the lead time was 2-8 msec). The temporal functions for the effects of visual stimuli paralleled those previously reported for startle modification by acoustic events. Further study revealed that, given optimal lead times, inhibition is produced reliably by weaker visual stimuli (3 X 10-6 cd sec/cm2) than latency reduction (3 X 10-4 cd-sec/cm2). This differential sensitivity to visual stimuli is also analogous to previously reported findings for events in the acoustic environment. It reveals that the neural mechanisms that mediate latency reduction and inhibition can be engaged by either acoustic or visual stimulation. PMID- 1249526 TI - Stimulus generalization: some predictions from a model of Pavlovian conditioning. AB - Three experiments examined predictions generated by incorporating a common elements account of stimulus generalization within the Rescorla-Wagner model of conditioning. All experiments employed rats in a conditioned suppression situation. Experiments 1 and 2 found that conditioning of a similar stimulus augmented the excitation controlled by a near-asymptotic target stimulus more than did further conditioning of the target itself. Prior discrimination training between the target and the similar stimulus enlarged this effect, compared with prior discrimination between the target and another dissimilar stimulus. Nonreinforced exposure of the similar stimulus prior to its reinforcement also increased the effect. Experiment 3 examined a related prediction for inhibition. After discrimination training, extinction of the previously reinforced stimulus revealed more inhibition to the previously nonreinforced stimulus when those two stimuli were more similar. These outcomes are consistent with deductions from the present model and encourage further testing of its expansion to the case of stimulus generalization. PMID- 1249527 TI - [Point of micropreparative high pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography for the identification of indole compounds in human plasma (author's transl)]. AB - Results are presented on the analysis of indolic metabolites of tryptophan in human plasma, using high-pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Dichloromethane/ethanol extracts of denaturated plasma were analysed. Thin-layer chromatography proved to be more advantageous for the analysis of this class compounds because it is possible to use a specific staining reagent (4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde). The advantage of high-pressure liquid chromatography lies in the rapid isolation and purification of unknown compounds for identification in an off-line method. This application is demonstrated with the isolation of N-acetyltryptophan from human plasma. Preliminary results are presented on the plasma concentration of indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and N-acetyltryptophan in healthy persons, phenylketonurics, and uremic patients. PMID- 1249528 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of formic acid in urine as carbon monoxide (author's transl)]. AB - A gas chromatographic method for determining formic acid in human urine is described. The analytical reliability of this method fullfills the criteria of statistical quality control. The rate of recovery is 101.2 to 105.7% the variability coefficients lie between 2.9 and 7.2%. The selectivity of this method is demonstrated by analysing a group of components normally occuring in urine which did not interfere with the determination of formic acid. The detection limit of about 4.3 mumol/1 formic acid in urine permits the determination of the concentration of formic acid in the urine of normal persons. The concentrations of formic acid in the urine of a group of normal persons lies between 0 and 2.79 mmol/1. The average concentration was 0.39 +/- 0.60 mmol/1. PMID- 1249529 TI - The problem of peak identification in crossed immunoelectrophoresis: a modification of the technique of Platt et al. AB - After a brief review of the known techniques for the identification of crossed immunoelectrophoresis peaks, the authors claim that the technique of Platt et al (1973), Clin. Chim. Acta 46, 419-429) is the most effective. This consists of blocking a protein in the first run, thereby causing the disappearance of the corresponding peak in the second dimension. The advantages of this technique with respect to the others are discussed. PMID- 1249530 TI - [Comparative methods for the determination of the activity of serumcholinesterases (acylcholin-acyl-hydrolase E.C. 3.1.1.8) and their diagnostical value (author's transl)]. AB - The activities of serum cholinesterases were determined in parallel with acetyl-, butyryl- and propionyl-thiocholiniodide in healthy persons and patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty liver, cholestasis, intoxication and malignant tumors. The following normal values were obtained: See Article. The correlations between the various methods, especially between butyryl and propionylthiocholiniodide are statistically significant. Compared to healthy persons, the activity of serum-cholinesterases, determined with the three substrates, decreased significantly in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, intoxication and malignant tumors. A change of specificity of serum-cholinesterases towards acetyl-, butyryl- and propionylthiocholiniodide in normal persons and patients with endogenous or exogenous coma of the liver was not observed. In all cases a parallel decrease of activity in sera was determined. PMID- 1249531 TI - Visual recognition memory for large and small binary pictures. AB - Recognition memory for pictures was tested using matrices of 0s and 1s as stimuli in two experiments. In the first experiment dimensionality of matrices was varied (5 X 5 and 10 X 10 matrices). The results showed better recognition memory for 10 X 10 matrices. The second experiment investigated the importance of certain areas, such as center or surround, using 10 X 10 matrices only. The results suggested that neither center nor surround is given unusual weight. PMID- 1249532 TI - Memory for descriptive and spatial information in complex pictures. AB - Memory for several kinds of information in complex pictures was studied. Stimuli were line drawings of either real-world scenes or unorganized collections of objects. Memory was tested by recognition and reconstruction tests, given immediately and/or after a week. Organization of the pictures had little effect on memory for size, orientation, or physical appearance of objects in the pictures. There was only a small loss of these types of descriptive information over a week's time. Organization of the pictures had a major effect on memory for location of objects in the pictures. Memory for location on the horizontal dimension declined markedly for both types of pictures over a week. Performance remained high on the vertical dimension for organized pictures, and systematic distortion occurred on this dimension for unorganized pictures. Reconstruction data were compared with the performance of subjects who had not seen the pictures before. It was concluded that real-world schemata do not affect encoding of some types of descriptive information, but play an important role in both encoding and memory for spatial information. PMID- 1249533 TI - Encoding-imagery specificity in alcohol state-dependent learning. AB - A free-recall procedure demonstrated state-dependent learning using alcohol. Tests of long-term memory showed that both high- and low-imagery words were less likely to be recalled if stored while intoxicated rather than under sober conditions. However, information encoded and stored while intoxicated was more effectively retrieved when later tests of recall were performed while intoxicated, as compared to recall accomplished in the sober state. This dissociative recall effect was far more robust with low-imagery than with high imagery words. PMID- 1249534 TI - Toward the definition of family practice -a quantum jump. PMID- 1249535 TI - A data bank for patient care, curriculum, and research in family practice: 526,196 patient problems. AB - The health care problems that 88,000 patients presented to 118 family physicians over two years were evaluated. As a result, 526,196 health care problems were noted. Ninety percent of all problems were contained within 169 descriptive problems using the RCGP coding system for primary care. Knowledge of the profile of patient problems as they present to the family physician will alow for the development of a logical curriculum for the family practice resident and of patient care systems in family medicine. An appropriate methodology for the development of curriculum is discussed. PMID- 1249536 TI - Educational implications of the Virginia study. PMID- 1249537 TI - Research implications of the Virginia study. PMID- 1249538 TI - Content of family practice. Part I. Rank order of diagnoses by frequency. Part II. Diagnoses by disease category and age/sex distribution. PMID- 1249539 TI - Fever in childhood. AB - A clinical approach to the diagnosis of fever in childhood is presented. Fever can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, drug reaction, collagen disease, neoplasm, central nervous disorder, blood diseases, or physiological changes. Short-term fever is usually a viral infection but may be a bacterial infection. Careful history and physical examination play the major role in making the diagnosis, followed by appropriate studies: throat culture , urinalysis, blood counts, x-rays, blood cultures, and specific tests. The latter are indicated for the diagnosis of prolonged fevers, which also are usually caused by common disorders. A high sedimentation rate is more likely to be associated with a serious disorder and warrants immediate investigation. Treatment is symptomatic; one should reserve specific treatment and/or antibiotics for specific illness. PMID- 1249540 TI - Tympanometry in middle ear disease. AB - Tympanometry is an objective procedure which can aid in the identification of middle ear disease and eustachian tube dysfunction. This paper reviews its rationale, operation, and applications. The test procedure is simple and can be performed by trained personnel. The test is valid and reliable and can be used with children without discomfort. The results of tympanometry are quantifiable, recordable, and easy to interpret. The routine use of tympanometry in the family physician's office would offer a valuable tool in the identification and management of middle ear problems. PMID- 1249541 TI - Acute surgical abdomen in an elderly patient with hypertension and previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 1249542 TI - Combined effect of methaqualone and two cannabinoids. PMID- 1249543 TI - Evaluation of the Abuscreen for methadone. AB - The increased use and abuse of methadone in recent years has posed a problem of both its identification and quantitation in body tissues. Recent development of a radioimmunoassay for methadone appears to have solved the problem. In our hands the assay was extremely sensitive and specific. It also appears to be an excellent tool when quantitative estimates are to be obtained. Although it initially appears to be relatively expensive, the time saved in doing a complete tissue distribution equalizes the cost. It is hoped that other radioimmunoassays currently under development will prove as satisfactory. PMID- 1249544 TI - Determination of fluoride by specific ion electrode and report of a fatal case of fluoride poisoning. PMID- 1249545 TI - The spatial distribution of copper in individual human hairs. PMID- 1249546 TI - Correlation of lead and cadmium in human urine. AB - A statistical evaluation of the relationship between elevated concentrations of lead and cadmium in human urine is presented. The importance of the 24-hour continuously collected urine sample is confirmed. PMID- 1249547 TI - Studies on fluorescamine: Part I--Applications of fluorescamine in forensic toxicological analysis. AB - This paper describes some applications of the fluorescamine spot test to forensic toxicological analysis. The fluorescamine test only reacts with primary amines; thus, this test makes a clear-cut distinction between amphetamine and methamphetamine. Previous common spot tests used reacted the same with these two amines. Fluorescamine is 100 times more sensitive in detecting amphetamine extracted from urine on thin-layer chromatograms than ninhydrin. Thus, it is a more sensitive method of detecting amphetamine abuse in urinalysis screening programs. PMID- 1249548 TI - A rapid microtechnique for the detection of trace metals from gunshot residues. AB - The most important facts and advantages of this method are as follows. 1. A simple separation and identification scheme for metals considered characteristic of gunshot residues was developed. 2. The apparatus used is inexpensive, simple, extremely versatile, and has moderate sensitivity. 3. Blanks of background ions present do not interfere with the test, but warrant consideration. 4. Few reagents are needed, and the results are preservable. PMID- 1249549 TI - Time of firing of shot shells. AB - The possibility of ascertaining approximate time of firing by utilizing the phenomenon of rate of escape of gaseous products of combustion has been investigated with special reference to 12-bore, 2 1/2-in. (6.35-mm), fired cartridges made by the Indian Ordnance Factory. The relative rate of escape of gases has been determined indirectly by ascertaining the time needed to develop color in reagents by escaping gases by diazotization and coupling reaction. It has been observed that although the time to develop color tends to increase with the time lapse after firing, the observations are not interpretable for all possible time intervals due to overlapping and insignificant increase in certain intervals. A choice of suitable time intervals may be found to be useful in ascertaining the approximate time of firing, which may be determined experimentally in each case. Normal variation due to atmospheric conditions has been found not to have significant influence under certain limits. The method suggested has been found to be comparatively more useful than the already existing methods. PMID- 1249550 TI - Toxicological findings in victims of traumatic deaths. AB - The toxicological findings from 6037 analyses of viscera obtained from victims of traumatic death are used to correlate the relative incidence of carbon monoxide, ethyl alcohol, narcotics, hypnotics, analgesics, and tranquilizers antidepressants in deaths occurring under the following circumstances: fire related, asphyxia by hanging, by use of plastic bags, from physical obstruction of trachae, and by drowning; traumatic injury from impact of moving train, fall from height, and occupational accident; traumatic injury to pedestrian, driver, and passenger from vehicular accidents; and from violent death by shooting, stabbing, strangulation, and beating. The influence of alcohol, narcotic drugs, and tranquilizers on carbon monoxide can be seen in some of these traumatic deaths. Ethanol alone and in combination with other drugs was present in 42.3% and 19.5% of driver and pedestrian victims, respectively, of vehicular accidents in the year 1974. Comparative analysis is presented for the toxicological data obtained on victims of homicide (shooting, stabbing, strangulation, and beating) in New York City and similar data reported for victims of homicide in Detroit. In New York City 45.9% of such victims died while under the influence of alcohol or narcotic drugs, or both, with methadone predominating in the latter category. Tissue concentrations of drugs found in victims of traumatic death are presented. Diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, meperidine, and slow-acting barbiturates were found in normal therapeutic levels. Higher concentrations of amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, propoxyphene, short-acting barbiturates, and methadone were observed. The concentration of methadone in blood and brain (0.13 +/- 0.14 mg/100 ml) and in liver (0.53 +/- 0.42 mg/100 ml) in cases of traumatic death are not different from those observed in deaths classified as due to methadone overdose. PMID- 1249551 TI - Age of attainment of mineralization stages of the permanent dentition. AB - The ages at which the maxillary and mandibular teeth of 121 boys and 111 girls reached 14 mineralization stages were determined from serial cephalograms at the Burlington Growth Centre. The present data are more comprehensive than any previously available and can be applied to chronological age determinations in juveniles of indefinite age, and of specimens in anthropological and forensic investigations. The sexes differed in the age at which they attained the stages of mineralization, with the canines demonstrating the greatest difference. In each sex, the ages at identical stages were similar for the corresponding teeth in the maxilla and mandible. Variability in age was greater among the males, especially for the first premolars, and increased with age, except for the third molars. Variability in age of third molar mineralization was greater in females and diminished among both sexes at late stages of root formation. PMID- 1249552 TI - Some aspects of normal behavior: their use in understanding problems encountered by document examiners. AB - The premise that progress in document examination will depend on employing techniques useful in the more formal branches of science is not exactly logical. The correlation between the work of the document examiner and the behavioral sciences has been discussed by presenting some random thoughts which have occurred to the author over a period of years. The suggestion is made, by illustration and implication, that the unfortunate connotation of the word "behavior" with the word "graphology" has tended to direct the attention of document examiners away from a study of the behavioral sciences, a branch of science from which much can be learned. The fact that the subjective concepts of probability formed by the mature document examiner will approach mathematical expectation has been noted. PMID- 1249554 TI - Individualizing oil delivery imprints. PMID- 1249553 TI - IBM correcting selectric typewriter: an analysis of the use of the correctable film ribbon in altering typewritten documents. AB - From the point of view of a document examiner, the advent of the Correcting Selectric typewriter has not changed any of the procedures ordinarily used in the examination of altered typewritten material. The same precautions should be observed in conducting examinations of such material as would be observed in making examinations for any other type of possible alteration on negotiable instruments. The security question raised with the Correcting Selectric is no different than the questions raised when an eraser was put on a pencil or a chemical bleach was found to remove ink on paper. The Correcting Selectric might even be compared to the introduction of ball-point pens on the market in the late 1940s. At that time, financial publications were suggesting that ball-point pens should not be used on any negotiable or valuable document as the ink was considered to be too readily transferable, and it was thought that they left little in the way of individual writing characteristics. However, it was not long before financial institutions were supplying such pens on their counters. Because of the complexities involved in using the Correcting Selectric to alter a document, it is felt that such problems will prove to be less prevalent than those involving other means of alterations. PMID- 1249555 TI - Death on the railway. PMID- 1249556 TI - The policeman as a witness. PMID- 1249557 TI - The battered child syndrome. PMID- 1249558 TI - Child abuse laws: past, present, and future. PMID- 1249559 TI - Reactive parricide. PMID- 1249560 TI - On chronic diseases. PMID- 1249561 TI - Standards of medical education. PMID- 1249562 TI - Determining the right to die--a physician's responsibility. PMID- 1249563 TI - Loose associations and disordered speech patterns in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The present research involves the development and utilization of a method to evaluate the free speech of chronic schizophrenic patients to measure aspects of thought disorder. Using this technique, two samples (one chronically hospitalized, the other nonhospitalized) of 15 chronic schizophrenic subjects each studied and compared. Severe types of looseness of association were not a prominent finding in the patients studied. On several of the other categories of speech patterns in investigated, multiyear hospitalized chronic schizophrenics were found to have significantly higher scores than a sample of chronic schizophrenics living in the community. This included a measure of paucity of speech, of perseveration, of repetition, and a measure of overally deviant verbalizations. The chronic schizophrenic patients generally showed high degrees of perseveration and paucity of speech, variables which may be related to impoverished thinking. The significance of these results is analyzed and discussed, with several aspects of the data suggesting that the differences may be due to severity of illness. The phenomenological scoring system developed and utilized is found to be reliable and seems to represent a useful tool for the study of many aspects of the schizophrenic patient. PMID- 1249564 TI - The effect of a change of director in a psychiatric inpatient unit. AB - Suicide, aggressive acting out, and increased numbers of AWOL patients are distinct possibilities if internal structures of psychiatric impatient units are altered-especially in units that offer intensive therapeutic experience on a short term basis to severely ill patients. One such time is when the directorship changes in this kind of unit. A sucessful unit is frequently thought to be the result of the charismatic leadership of its chief. With his departure, the unit loses its elan and becomes an uninspired pedestrian operation. Hence, such a unit loses personnel and even its program when the chief changes. In this paper, the authors give data to support the hypothesis that a unit with a specific philosophical treatment orientation will continue to function at a relatively high level of effectiveness and efficiency regardless of the difference between chiefs. PMID- 1249565 TI - Suicide following psychiatric hospitalization. AB - The hypothesis was tested that following psychiatric hospitalization, those subjects who subsequently completed suicide would be distinguished from those who did not by the interaction of two circumstances: a state of defenselessness at the time of hospitalization, and experience of adverse life events following release from hospital. Subjects were 40 male VA psychiatric inpatients: 20 who completed suicide following release, and 20 controls matched on age, race, and time at risk in the community. Defenselessness (the incapacity to defend against distressful negative self-feelings) was defined in terms of scores derived from the extended Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale administered shortly after the patient's hospitalization. Adverse life events were eight events characterized simultaneously as undesirable, unlikely to have been initiated by the subject, and having a score of 30 or above on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. In confirmation of the hypothesis, it was found that completed suicide subjects were significantly and appreciably more likely both to have had high defenselessness scores at the time of hospitalization and to have experienced adverse life events during the posthospitalization period, whereas neither circumstance in the absence of the other was predictive. The findings support the position that suicide is a response to experiences with self-threatening implications, in the face of personal incapacity to defend against, adapt to, or cope with such experiences. PMID- 1249566 TI - A 2-year follow-up of 72 hyperactive boys. Classroom behavior and peer acceptance. AB - A 2-year, prospective follow-up of 72 hyperactive boys (94 per cent of the initial sample) examined classroom and home behavior, academic achievement, peer status, and depressive symptomatology for patients and a matched control group. Sixty-five per cent of the sample was still on medication at follow-up. The patient group continued to manifest behavioral and academic difficulty. Off-drug classroom behavior showed considerable stability from baseline to 2-year follow up which did not appear to be significantly influenced by change of school or interim stimulant drug treatment. Academic difficulties, low peer status, and depressive symptoms exceeded that of the control group. Low peer status at 2 years were predicted for the patient group by baseline (but not current) classroom hyperactivity. The continued difficulties for this middle-class sample, in spite of faithful stimulant drug intake, ancillary educational and psychiatric support, are disappointing. However, as no untreated comparison group was available, the relative benefit of continued drug treatment could not be directly examined. Some indirect evidence, however, indicates that although drugs may continue to have a suppressant effect on impulsive and hyperactive behavior, peer status and academic achievement may not be improved. An "optimally medicated" group (86 per cent of responders from an initially randomly assigned group) had almost identical academic achievement and social acceptance as did a group of dropouts from drug treatment, or the sample as a whole. PMID- 1249567 TI - Father-son incest: a case report. AB - A case of father-son incest is presented. There were three sexual involvements over a period of 6 weeks that ranged in activity from genital fondling to anal penetration. The father was the initiator of the activity and was drunk during each of the episodes. The son passively submitted while the mother denied the activity when told about it after the first episode. The marital situation had deteriorated over the years to an almost complete breakdown of communication. The father had been struggling with latent homosexuality for a long time, and the alcohol triggered the incidents. There was no evidence of any special relationship between father and son, except for the acting-out behavior and the challenging of parental authority by this particular son. Short term, behavior oriented marital sessions helped to improve the situation at home. PMID- 1249568 TI - Recent life events and acute schizophrenic psychosis: a controlled study. AB - In this case control study, first admission schizophrenic patients were found to report more recent life events overall and more events categorized as undesirable, familial, relocation, and legal than controls. Interpretation of the observations should be ventured cautiously given the small difference between schizophrenics and controls, the small number of subjects, the retrospective strategy, and the failure of events "independent of one's control" or events characterized as "threatening" to confirm the positive relationship of recent life events to the occurrence of illness. The present work is part of considerable recent research documenting a relationship between the amount and/or significance of recent life events and the occurrence of psychological symptomatology and major psychiatric syndromes. The overall difference between schizophrenics and normals in reporting events appears to be smaller in magnitude than the difference found between depressives and normals. Further, the significance of events for schizophrenics and for depressives is different. The number, type, severity, and pattern of recent life events reported by schizophrenics suggest a precipitating role of events rather than a formative one. These results are consistent with one other controlled study on schizophrenia and recent life experience. PMID- 1249569 TI - Coping with interpersonal conflicts through life events and hospitalization. AB - Previous studies have helped to explicate the coping process prior to hospitalization by investigating the frequency and pattern of life events during this period. The present study extends the empirical applicability of the model to the period following hospitalization. Predictive validity for the model is provided by an investigation of posthospital community adjustment and rehospitalization. It was found that the resolutions of interpersonal conflicts during the period of hospitalization enhanced the ability to predict these outcome measures substantially when the conflict resolutions were added as predictors to patients' demographic and background characteristics, their hospital behavior, and their therapists' evaluations. Two case histories are presented to illustrate the applicability of the model for furthering the understanding of individual patient's lives. PMID- 1249570 TI - Centrol and peripheral correlates of anxiety: a comparative study. AB - Physiological measurements and mood ratings were recorded in 32 normal subjects at rest and under differing stressful conditions designed to induce anxiety. The physiological measurements were recorded simultaneously using a polygraph and on line computer analysis; these comprised the peripheral measurements of pulse rate, skin conductance, spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance, respiratory rate, and finger tremor, and the central measurements of resting electroencephalogram and averaged evoked potentials to an auditory stimulus. Mood rating were recorded using analogue rating scales, the 16 scores obtained being reduced to three mood factors. Correlations were calculated between the mood factors and each of the physiological measurements. The highest correlations were between the anxiety factor and the central measurements, particularly the proportion of electroencephalographic activity between 7.5 and 13.0 Hz, and the latencies of the secondary components of the evoked response. The peripheral measurements correlated rather less well with mood, but skin conductance and fluctuations in skin conductance, pulse rate, and tremor near the peak frequency of 9 Hz all correlated significantly with anxiety. Only two correlations were greater than 0.4, illustrating that no measure was a specific index of anxiety. Refinement of central rather than peripheral measurements is likely to lead to closer correlations with anxiety and other mood states. PMID- 1249571 TI - Further observations of the ultrastructure of synaptosomes separated from spinal cord and medulla, with especial emphasis on the postsynaptic membrane. AB - Synaptosomes from rat medulla and spinal cord have been examined in an attempt to formulate morphological criteria for distinguishing between those found in two subfractions of P1 (nuclear fraction). The mean diameter of those in the lighter of the subfractions (P1C) is 0.6 mum, with a preponderance in the range 0.4-0.6 mum and a minor peak at 0.7-0.8 mum. Subjunctional bodies are associated with 60.2% of the junctional regions in this subfraction. By contrast, those in the heavy subfraction (P1D) have a larger overall diameter (0.7 mum), a greater percentage of them have visible junctional regions (68.1% opposed to 51.6%), but of the junctional regions a lower percentage have associated subjunctional bodies (36.2%). The subjunctional bodies consist of a central core with five spokes radiating from it. The tips of the spokes are connected by fine strands which connect individual bodies to neighboring ones, as well as to the postsynaptic thickening. The persistence of subjunctional bodies in synaptosomes highlights the strength of the attachment between them and the postsynaptic thickening, and suggests that these bodies may be integral components of the "postsynaptic thickening complex." They may also help in the formulation of criteria by which different populations of these synaptosomes may be separated from each other. PMID- 1249572 TI - Norepinephrine:adenosinetriphosphate ratios in purified adrenergic vesicles. AB - Norepinephrine (NE):adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) ratios were studied in a highly purified fraction of large dense core vesicles isolated from the bovine splenic nerve. Vesicles prepared from nerves chilled approximately 10 and 30 min post mortem were compared. The NE:ATP molar ratio decreased from 6.3 to 4.8, p less than 0.005; NE decreased from 61 to 42 nmol, while ATP decreased only from 9.6 to 8.8 nmol/mg protein. Animals weighing 180-360 kg were compared with heavier ones weighing 400-700 kg. NE increased from 42 to 68 nmol and ATP increased from 5.9 to 13.2 nmol/mg protein, while the NE:ATP molar ratio decreased from 7.2 to 5.2, p less than 0.005. Changes during vesicle maturation were studied by comparing vesicles identically prepared from equal weights of a proximal nerve segment close to the coeliac ganglion and a distal, intrasplenic segment. NE increased from 45 to 70 nmol while ATP remained unchanged at 10.0 nmol/mg protein and the NE:ATP molar ratio increased from 4.5 to 7.0, p less than 0.005. It was interpreted that vesicle ATP content, like dopamine beta-hydroxylase, was established early in the cell body and remained unchanged during axoplasmic transport. ATP was in a complex which was relatively stable to post mortem hydrolysis at least between 10 and 30 min prior to chilling the nerves. The addition of newly synthesized NE into a readily releasable pool during axoplasmic transport occurs without ATP and can account for the increased ratio above 4:1 in the distal segment vesicles. PMID- 1249573 TI - Agonistic and antagonistic activity of glutamate analogs on neuromuscular excitation in the walking limbs of lobsters. AB - Forty-six analogs of L-glutamate were tested for activity on muscle fibers in the walking limbs of lobsters. Effects on the membrane potential, input resistance, and amplitude of neurally evoked EPSPs and IPSPs were studied as well as effects on applied L-glutamate. Seventeen of the compounds studied depolarized the muscle fibers in a manner indicative of an agonistic action on receptors in the neuromuscular excitatory membrane. Six analogs selectively reduced the amplitude of evoked EPSPs, and at least three of these (kainic acid, D-glutamate, and D aspartate) antagonized the excitatory action of applied L-glutamate. Kainic acid was the most potent of the blockers of neuromuscular excitation, but even it was relatively weak since a concentration of 1 mM was required for an apparent effect. Generally those analogs in the L-configuration which possessed activity, had agonistic actions, whereas those in the D-configuration were usually antagonistic. These observations provide pharmacological evidence for the concept that L-glutamate is the transmitter agent which mediates neuromuscular excitation in the walking limbs of lobsters. In addition, our results are consistent with recent studies which indicate that L-aspartate may also function in this neuromuscular excitatory process. PMID- 1249574 TI - Effects of anisomycin on brain protein synthesis and passive avoidance learning in newborn chicks. AB - The effects of anisomycin (ANM) on newborn chicks have been studied with respect to brain protein synthesis, growth, EEG, toxicity, and several passive avoidance learning tasks. It was found that intracerebral ANM (80 nmol) gave a maximum inhibition of brain protein synthesis of 30%, while a combination of subcutaneous (10 mumol; 53 mg/kg) plus intracerebral (80 nmol; 21 mug) ANM inhibited by 91% in the first 2 hr and by 75% in the subsequent 2 hr period. Cycloheximide (CXM) also in combined injections at the same doses as ANM, inhibited by 97% in the 4 hr that followed injection. However, all the CXM-injected chicks were dead by 18 hr, while the lethality of ANM did not differ from that of saline. ANM also did not affect EEG measured at 1, 3, 5, or 24 hr following the subcutaneous plus intracerebral injections, nor did ANM affect body or brain growth curves or brain protein accretion. In the learning experiments, animals were initially trained to peck at water-coated metal spheres (type A learning) or at water imbibed birdseed (types B and C learning) in less than 1 sec, and were exposed to the same lures treated with the aversant methylanthranilate (MeA) one day later on one occasion (types A and B learning) or exposed twice (type C learning) and tested for learning retention one day later. Learning criterion was set as failure to peck at the lure during the first 20 sec of presentation. If ANM was injected 1 hr prior to MeA exposure, large and highly significant memory deficits were found during the retention test, as compared with saline injected controls. No effect of ANM was seen, however, if it was injected one day after learning, indicating that it did not interfere with retrieval mechanisms. ANM also decreased the external manifestations of fear or displeasure that chicks express during retention testing. Such manifestations have a high correlation with pecking suppression (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001). PMID- 1249575 TI - Effects of environment on morphology of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AB - Cortical depth differences were found between male rats exposed to enriched or impoverished environmental conditions for successively shorter times, i.e., for 15 days (from 25 to 40 days of age), for seven days (25 to 32 days of age), and for four days (26 to 30 or 60 to 64 days of age). If the experiments began at weaning (at 25 days of age), the cortical depth changes were caused primarily by impoverishment. If the animals were young adults (60 days of age), upon entering their respective conditions, the cortical changes were induced by enrichment. No cortical depth differences were found between enriched and impoverished rats after one day of differential experience, from 60 to 61 days of age. In every age group and for every duration, except for the one day group, the dorsal-medial segment of the occipital cortex responded to the environmental conditions. No significant hippocampal depth differences were noted between enriched and impoverished animals. PMID- 1249576 TI - Dystrophia myotonica. Peripheral nerve involvement and pathogenetic implications. AB - A comparative electrophysioloical study of patients with dystrophia myotonica and control subjects is presented. The study includes estimation of the number of motor axons innervating the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and measurements of the conduction of M- and F-waves along the deep peroneal nerve. There is unequivocal electrophysiological evidence of nerve involvement in the disease. This was indicated by (a) prolongation of the terminal latencies and slowing of the motor conduction of the deep peroneal nerve (P less than 0.001), (b) delayed conduction of the F-wave along the proximal segments of the nerves (P less than 0.02-0.01), (c) reduced number of motor axons innervating the extensor digitorum brevis muscle (P less than 0.001), (d) high amplitude motor unit potentials and discrete EMG activity on the maximal volitional contraction of minimally affected muscles in one patient. However, if the muscle changes were secondary to the nerve involvement occurring in the disease, one would expect that the electrophysiological findings of neuropathy would become more prominent in patients with severe muscle wasting and weakness. Our results showed that in some patients with marked muscle atrophy and weakness there was no evidence of nerve involvement while in other patients with slight to moderate degree of muscle weakness the electrophysiological studies indicated peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, it appears that both the nerves and the muscles are independently affected by the pleiotropic action of the responsible gene and the evidence does not suggest that the muscle atrophy of patients with dystrophia myotonica is entirely neural. PMID- 1249577 TI - Radiculomyelitis complicating acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. A clinical study. AB - Fourteen patients with radiculomyelitis following acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) were seen in Bangkok during October to December 1974. Most patients developed weakness of extremities 2 weeks after AHC. Prodromal symptoms consisted of fever and malaise for a few days, followed by the acute onset of root pain in the legs and flaccid paralysis. Knee and ankle reflexes were absent or diminished. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed lymphocytosis and an increase in protein. Electromyographic findings were consistent with anterior horn cell or motor root lesions. Ten of the 12 cases in which virological studies were performed showed definite serological evidence of AHC virus infection. Six patients received corticosteroid treatment but apart from relief of pain no significant improvement was seen. Motor weakness in 10 patients was less at the end of 2 months, but in 4 it remained unchanged. The occurrence of disabling neurological sequelae calls for effective public health control of AHC outbreak. PMID- 1249578 TI - Polymyositis in Kaposi syndrome. AB - Polymyositis in association with Kaposi sarcoma occurred in a 60-year-old black man. Muscle biopsy revealed prominent plasmacytic and eosinophic inflammatory infiltration resembling the myopathy of Sjogren's syndrome. Nonspecific changes were seen by electron microscopy of post mortem muscle. The myopathy could be interpreted as a remote effect of neoplasm. PMID- 1249579 TI - Measurements of oxygen tension in the cerebral cortex of baboons. AB - A polystyrene-covered platinum electrode (100-150 mum diameter) has been used to measure cortical tissue oxygen tension in baboon brains. The method of preparation, calibration, and the importance of small residual current (less than 40 nA) as an attribute of a reliable electrode, are described. With electrodes of this size, there was a large (16 +/- 12nA/torr) and linear current output with pO2 changes. The effect of avrious gases in addition to oxygen is described; halothane inhalation increases the apparent pO2 and hydrogen, used for blood flow estimations, reduces the recorded pO2. In 48 separate electrode placements in 13 baboons, the mean cortical qo2 was 23.8 +/- 12 mm Hg, with a range from 1-79 mm Hg; following occlusion of one middle cerebral artery, 37 electrodes recorded a pO2 of less then 5 mm Hg pO2 Oscillations were invariably noted in control conditions, independent of blood pressure; these waves disappeared during MCA occlusion and appeared to be augmented following release of the clip. Blood pressure "spikes" produce immediate and synchronous changes in all electrodes entirely different from the spontaneous waves. Such blood pressure changes may mask the true effect of hypercapnia on tissue pO2 and, if ignored, may lead to erroneous assumptions regarding local neural control of the circulation, the increased pO2 secondary to hypertension being regarded as evidence of regional vasodilation. A SUdden change in inspired pO2-the "air test"-was performed in control conditions and following the ischaemic insult, and the rate of change of cortical pO2 compared. The gradient was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) following ischaemia, suggesting a changed ratio in the tissue's flow to oxygen requirements and/or a persisting vasodilatation. PMID- 1249580 TI - Changes in regional cortical tissue oxygen tension and cerebral blood flow during temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in baboons. AB - Cortical tissue oxygen measured by a platinum cathode, and cerebral blood flow recorded by a hydrogen clearance technique, were measured in 13 baboons before, during and after temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Mean control pO2 was 23.8 +/- 14 mm Hg and mean flow 51.3 +/- 12 ml/100g/min. During the occlusion, there was a gradation in pO2 from values in the opercular area of 3.6 +/- 5.9 mm Hg, to values in the high parietal area of 11.9 +/- 11.7, these being statistically different (P less than 0.05) from each other. The corresponding flow values were 5.5 +/- 7.5 (opercular) and 22.3 +/- 21.7 ml/100 g/min parietal (P less than 0.01). Following removal of the MCA clip, between 20% and 30% of the electrodes registered an early hyperoxia and hyperaemia, which lasted up to 5 min. A late and prolonged hyperoxia, with less evidence of hyperaemia, was also noted in about 20%. The mean tissue pO2, however, at 5-min intervals up to 40 min following the removal of the clip only reached 60-80% of control values in the most ischaemic areas. Only the parietal region showed a mean pO2 above control levels. The mean flow data were uniformly reduced in all regions to about 80% of control values. During and after a second occlusion in 6 animals, similar changes were noted but with even fewer instances of hyperoxia. The mean oxygen and flow results were lower than with the first occlusion, but the reduction was not significant. There was no overall effect of hypercapnia on cortical tissue pO2 during the control period, but there was a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction during the same procedure after the period of ischaemia. An increase in pO2 during hypercapnia could be observed if there were arousal responses of blood pressure "spikes". PMID- 1249581 TI - Lightning eye movements. AB - Physiologic studies were performed on a patient who demonstrated lightning eye movements, palatal myoclonus and myoclonic jerks of the left platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The myoclonus and lightning eye movements were separate phenomena with no defined relationship to each other. Analysis of this ocular dyskinesia identified strictly horizontal saccadic oscillations, 2 to 5 Hz in frequency, with amplitudes varying greatly but often reaching 25 degrees. A brief stationary period between each saccadic oscillation was frequently observed. They were particularly induced by vertical or horizontal ocular pursuit as well as sustained upward or downward ocular deviation. Caloric nystagmus abolished the oscillations but they persisted, irregularly, during optokinetic nystagmus. Thus a faulty visual fixation mechanism is postulated to precipitate lightning eye movements. Constrast studies revealed a mass lesion arising from the right dorsolateral portion of the medulla. These results indicate that lightning eye movements occur with caudal as well as rostral brain-stem lesions. From the clinical findings cerebellar pathway involvement is likely. PMID- 1249582 TI - [Iatrogenic myoclonic encephalopathies caused by bismuth salts]. AB - Since the beginning of 1974, we have studied 17 cases of iatrogenic encephalopathy due to the ingestion of bismuth taken for the treatment of chronic digestive disorders. More than 100 similar cases have been reported in France within the same period. The clinical picture is remarkably consistent: there is a relatively long prodromal phase with difficulties in gait and writing, followed by a phase characterised by four signs, namely a severe confusional syndrome, myoclonus, astasia-abasia and sisorders of language. In our cases, after withdrawal of bismuth, recovery invariably began within 2 to 3 weeks but fatal cases have been described. All our patients had taken, for periods of between 3 weeks and 20 years, bismuth subnitrate. The levels of bismuth in the blood and urine in these patients were between 10 and 100 times as great as those in patients who had taken the same treatment without ill effect. The exact mechanism by which bismuth causes this complication, described only recently, is totally unknown. PMID- 1249583 TI - Acute idiopathic polyneuritis. A clinical and electrophsiological follow-up study. AB - Fifty patients with acute idiopathic polyneuritis have been studied clinically and electromyographically, and sural nerve biopsy was performed on 8 patients. Motor and sensory conduction studies were within the normal range in 7 patients (14%), and there was pronounced slowing of motor conduction in 25 patients (50%). There was no apparent correlation between the degree of conduction, and the clinical disability of the patient or the duration of the acute illness. Eighteen patients were re-examined at intervals up to 5 1/2 years after the onset of their illness. Eight patients (44%) were clinically normal at follow-up examination and 4 patients (22%) had a significant disability. There was no relationship between the clinical disability at follow-up examination and the results of initial or final nerve conduction studies. Electromyographic evidence of denervation, however, may indicate that complete clinical recovery will not occur. Segmental demyelination was the primary pathological change found in sural nerve biopsies and there was a significant reduction in the density of myelinated fibres in 2 nerves. It is suggested that a subacute onset of the illness,electromyographic evidence of denervation or gross slowing of conduction, and significant reduction of numbers of myelinated fibres or onion-bulb formation on sural nerve biopsy are factors which may indicate a prolonged course of the illness or incomplete recovery. PMID- 1249584 TI - Morphometry of myelinated fibers of fasciculus gracilis of man. AB - The number of myelinated fibers per square millimeter of fasciculus gracilis, and of large and small myelinated fibers per square millimeter of fasciculus gracilis, at the C3 and T5 segements of spinal cord from 22 persons of different ages have been estimated, with a 95% confidence limit, assisted by semi-automatic methods of measurement and using programmed calculation and plotting. In addition, the histograms for diameter of myelinated fibers and mean diameter were obtained. At C3, the numbers of myelinated fibers ranged from 19,647/mm2 to 35,773/mm2, with a mean of 25,267/mm2. The number is less with older age. At T5, numbers of myelinated fibers ranged from 17,804/mm2 to 29,486/mm2, with a mean of 23,069/mm2. The number of myelinated fibers was greater at C3 than at T5 in subjects under 45. The mean diameter of myelinated fibers at C3 was smaller than that at T5. The normative data presented here should be useful for comparing with similarly derived data from patients with diseases of peripheral nerves, in evaluating the three-dimensional morphologic alteration of primary afferent neurons. PMID- 1249585 TI - Endotoxin leucoencephalopathy in the telencephalon of the newborn kitten. AB - Prolonged exposure of the neonatal kitten to a lipopolysaccharide results in a telencephalic leucoencephalopathy characterized by astrogliosis and necrosis. The visceral organs of neonatal kittens and the telencephalon of mature cats are relatively resistent to the adverse effects of this lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 1249586 TI - Parabiotic reinnervation in normal and myopathic (BIO 14.6) hamsters. AB - Parabiotic reinnervation is a technique whereby the muscles of one animal can be reinnervated by peripheral nerves of another animal. This technique has been used to test the hypothesis that the myopathy in the BIO 14.6 strain of hamster may result from a derangement of the trophic function that a nerve exerts upon the muscle which it innervates. The percentage of internal nuclei in muscle fibres has been used as a criterion to define the myopathic state. The percentage of internal nuclei was high in myopathic hamster muscles but very low in normal or "self-reinnervated" normal muscles. There was no indication that the percentage of internal nuclei in myopathic muscles fell after parabiotic reinnervation with normal nerves. Similarly, there was no evidence that the percentage increased in normal muscles that had been parabiotically reinnervated with dystrophic nerves. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that there was no positive evidence in favour of a neural aetiology for the myopathy in the BIO 14.6 strain of hamsters. PMID- 1249587 TI - Luft's disease. Further biochemical and ultrastructural studies of skeletal muscle in the second case. AB - In the second known case of non-thyroidal hypermetabolism (Luft's disease), there were large areas of mitochondrial aggregates in all fibers. Many mitochondria were abnormally large and contained packed cristae. In isolated mitochondrial fractions, studies of oxidative phosphorylation showed defective respiratory control and normal phosphorylation capacity ("loose coupling"). Spectra and content of cytochromes were normal. Basal ATPase activity was seven times greater than normal and poorly stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol. The rate of energy dependent calcium uptake by isolated mitochondria was normal, but the amount of calcium accumulated was much decreased. Calcium could not be retained and was spontaneously released into the medium within 30 seconds. "Recycling" of calcium between mitochondria and cytosol may take place in vivo and result in sustained stimulation of respiration and loose coupling. PMID- 1249588 TI - Spinal cord blood flow after acute experimental cord injury in dogs. AB - Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in dogs before and following acute injury with 300 or 500 g-cm force (GCF). In addition, the responses to high and low PaCO2 and low PaO2 levels were studied. The hydrogen clearance technique was used and 0.3 mm platinum electrodes were placed in grey matter, central white matter or peripheral white matter of the L2 segment. The pre-trauma flows were: grey matter 12.5 +/- 2.7; central white matter 14.4 +/- 3.6 and peripheral white matter 15.1 +/- 4.2 ml/100g/min. Following a 300 GCF injury, a marked and progressive reduction in SCBF occurred in the grey and central white matter. This was present for the subsequent 4 hr of the study. The flow was lower than pre trauma values during the second hour in the grey matter (9.0 +/- 1.4) and the third hour in the central white matter (10.8 +/- 1.8). By the fifth hour after trauma the flow in the grey matter was 5.0 +/- 3.5 and in the central white matter 9.7 +/- 1.5. In the peripheral white matter the SCBF was 10 +/-3.7 during the third hour but subsequently the flow increased to 11.5 +/- 3.9. Paired t tests showed that this still significantly lower than pre-trauma levels. Two dogs showed a hyperaemic response which was persistent in one case but only temporary in the other dog. The vasodilatatory effect of CO2 was lost after trauma and in some cases a steal phenomenon was present. The sensitivity to an increase in CO2 was 0.48 +/- 0.23 ml/100g/min Hg before injury and this decreased to 0.0075 +/- 0.137 during the second hour after injury. The vasodilatation to hypoxia (30-40 mm Hg) was also absent but the vasoconstrictor effect to low PaCO2 appeared better preserved. These findings also applied to the peripheral white matter where the SCBF was not significantly reduced. The results were similar but more pronounced after 500 GCF injury. The results show that following injury the central areas of the cord become rapidly and progressively ischaemic. The peripheral white matter does retain a reasonably normal flow depending on the magnitude of the impact force. However, the vessels in all these areas lose their ability to respond to normal physiological stimuli. PMID- 1249589 TI - Olfactory epithelium of Necturus maculosus and Ambystoma tigrinum. AB - The morphological study presented here provides a general description of the elements of the olfactory epithelium in the mud puppy and tiger salamander,, and gives evidence about their dynamic activity and interrelationships. There are morphological indications of local bursts of reduplication and a continual line of differentiation of receptor cells from basal cell progenitors through stages of mature development to senescence (indicated by the accumulation of pigment granules) and cell death and disposal (by expulsion of pycnotic cell nuclei and by phagocytosis by macrophages). The supporting cells probably play several roles: a secretory role which supplements the activity of Bowman's glands, a minor insulating role in which some dendrites are shielded from the surrounding milieu, and a skeletal role in which they facilitate the efficient displacement of dendrites. The dendrites are regularly arranged in organized relationships with one another and are for the most part in direct apposition, separated only by a 200 A intercellular gap, thus suggesting the possibility of functional interrelationships. This study emphasizes the fact that efficient planning of experimental investigations must include knowledge and consideration of the thickness of the particular olfactory epithelium under study. It also suggests that because of the large receptor-cell size, the mud puppy and/or tiger salamander would make good model systems for single cell recording. Further, the olfactory epithelia of these species are suggested as favorable targets for studies of the aging process in nerve cells. PMID- 1249590 TI - Junctional subsurface organs in frog sympathetic ganglion cells. AB - Subsurface cisternae in frog sympathetic ganglion cells were studied and shown to have similar features to those of the C.N.S. A number of special features were, however, revealed by high resolution microscopy. Highly flattened subsurface cisternae occurred in close proximity to the ganglion cell membrane and formed structures comparable to gap junctions. These subsurface cisternae appeared to be elongated plates (about 0.3 X 2.5 mum) specifically restricted to the area of the ganglion cell membrane adjacent to nerve endings, although often with the intervention of a thin satellite sheath. Thus they have been termed here 'junctional subsurface organs', although the nerve terminals opposing them did not show any synaptic specialization. The junctional subsurface organ was often accompanied by closely arrayed endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. Where the junctional subsurface organ intervened between plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria, faint particles appeared to traverse both sides and bridge the narrow spaces to the opposing plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. The possible functional significance of the junctional subsurface organs is discussed. PMID- 1249591 TI - Non-innervated sense organs of the lateral line: development in the regenerating tail of the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum. AB - New lateral organs (neuromasts) are formed in regenerating tails of the larvae of a urodele, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), even in the absence of the lateral line nerve, as confirmed by electron microscopic examination. The non-innervated organs are similar to normal innervated organs. The hair cells are polarized in opposite directions, and despite the lack of nerve endings, contain synaptic bodies, which in normal innervated organs are found in relation to afferent boutons. PMID- 1249592 TI - Ultrastructure of the terminals of an identified 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurone marked by intracellular injection of radioactive 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - The axons and terminal processes of an identified 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurone were located for study with the electron microscope. Tritiated 5 hydroxytryptamine was injected into the neurone's cell body,, and after allowing time for the radioisotope to pass along the processes of the neurone, tissue was examined by electron microscope autoradiography. Terminal processes were observed at approximately 1 cm from the injected cell body, in areas of the nervous system where previous electrophysiological work had shown the presence of postsynaptic neurones. Dense-cored vesicles of mean diameter 100 nm were observed in the axons and terminal processes of the neurone. The terminal processes also contained aggregates of clear vesicles of mean diameter 65 nm. Structures resembling lysosomes, which were frequently labelled, were present in the axons of the neurone. No membrane specializations associated with typical synapses were observed. PMID- 1249593 TI - The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat cerebral cortex. I. General description. AB - Lesions were made in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat and the consequent degeneration in area 17 of the cerebral cortex was studied by light and electron microscopy. These lesions produced prominent degeneration of axon terminals in layer IV extending into layer III and a much lesser amount in layers I and VI. The darkened degenerating axon terminals forming asymmetric synaptic junctions and were frequently surrounded by hypertrophied astrocytic processes. These terminals appeared to be disposed randomly, forming no discernible patterns. In layer IV 83% of the synapsing, degenerating terminals formed junctions with dendritic spines, 15% with dendritic shafts, and 2% with neuronal perikarya. The dendritic shafts and neuronal perikarya appeared to belong to spine-free stellate cells. The dendrites giving rise to the spines receiving degenerating axon terminals could not be identified, for most of the spines appeared as isolated profiles that could not be traced back to their dendritic shafts. One example of a degenerating axon terminal synapsing with an axon initial segment was encountered. Small, degenerating myelinated axons were prevalent in layers VI, V and IV, but were only infrequent in the supragranular layers. These results are compared with those obtained in other studies of thalamocortical projections. PMID- 1249594 TI - The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat cerebral cortex. II. Terminations upon neuronal perikarya and dendritic shafts. AB - The forms of dendrites in layer IV receiving degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals directly on their shafts were examined in serial thin sections. Reconstructions showed these dendrites varied in thickness between 2.5 and 0.5 mum. They had essentially smooth contours and rarely showed evidence of protrusions or spines. They were further characterized by the presence of many synapses along their shafts. Only about one in 12 of these synapses was formed by degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals. These smooth dendrites emerged from neuronal perikarya that also received degenerating axon terminals which formed asymmetric synaptic junctions. Such cell bodies bore both symmetric and asymmetric synaptic junctions, and not all of the latter were caused to degenerated after a thalamic lesion. These postsynaptic neurons appeared to be of two kinds, ones with thin dendrites that often contained closely packed microtubules, and others with thicker dendrites that emerged from the poles of oval perikarya. PMID- 1249595 TI - Medial reticular and perihypoglossal neurons projecting to cerebellum. AB - Almost 10% of neurons in the medial reticular nucleus or adjacent thereto were invaded antidromically in response to stimulation of the fastigial and interpositus nuclei. The fraction was 77/835 for the bulbar and caudal pontine levels, but 0/167 for rostral pontine levels. The mahority, 49, of the neurons projecting to the cerebellum were superficially located in the region of the perihypoglossal nucleus, but 23 were scattered through the medial reticular nucleus, being 2.5-5.0 mm below the bulbopontine dorsum. Both classes of cerebellopetal neurons had a similar range of antidromic latencies, usually from 0.8 to 2.0 ms, but some were ober 3 ms. Both classes responded to volleys from limb nerves and inputs from cutaneous mechanoreceptors, with ranges of excitatory and inhibitory latencies that were similar to those for other medial reticular neurons. It is conjectured that the axonal projection is primarily to the cerebellar cortex and that the branches to the nuclei are often slender, hence the long antidromic latencies; 31 of 59 neurons tested projected to cerebellar nuclei on both sides, often with a considerable latency differential. Rarely, there were also axonal branches projecting up the central tegmental tract. The experimental findings are in very good accord with the anatomical descriptions of Brodal and associates (4, 5, 8, 19). It is suggested that the paramedian reticular and the perihypoglossal nuclei may provide a background excitatory input to the interpositus nuclei. PMID- 1249596 TI - Topographic studies on medial reticular nucleus. AB - Several distinct classes of neurons have been identified in the medial reticular nucleus of the medulla and pons and in proximity thereto. Neurons projecting down the spinal cord comprised the principal class with two subclasses according as the neurons did or did not receive monosynaptic inputs from the fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum. Two other classes were recognized accordings as they projected to the cerebellum or rostrally to the mesencephalon. Topographic planar maps giving the location of these neurons have been constructed by exploring the nucleus with series of microelectrode tracks in parasagittal or in transverse planes. The different classes of neurons were not arranged in large discrete nuclei. In part they appeared to be randomly distributed, but many colonies of one or another class of neurons could be recognized with 3-11 neurons in zones with dimensions of a millimeter or so. Because of the limitations of sampling by microelectrode tracks at spacings of 0.5 mm, single colonies might have an actual population of 100 or more. Many of the class of neurons projecting to the cerebellum were in the region of the perihypoglossal nucleus. However, almost as many were located deep in the medial reticular nucleus. None was found at the pontine level. Reticulospinal neurons with fast axonal conduction velocities tended to be located dorsally to those with slow velocities. Correlation with the findings of Ito et al. leads to the conjecture that the neurons with fast axons are excitatory, while those with slow axons are primary inhibitory neurons. There is a brief reference to the problems raised by the admixture of the various neuronal classes, there being discrete colonies immersed in a scattered arrangement of all classes. PMID- 1249597 TI - Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex. AB - We studied stretch reflexes of soleus muscles of intercollicularly decerebrated cats using a new technique for estimating the component of a stretch reflex that results from the purely mechanical properties of the active muscle (mechanical response). The difference between a net stretch reflex and its underlying mechanical response provided a direct measure of reflex action. 1. The relative contributions of reflex action and the mechanical response are different for stretch and release. With stretch, reflex action is generally large and the mechanical response small. The opposite is true with release. The property that remains relatively constant, when stretch and release are compared, is the net stiffness in opposition to length change. We concluded that reflex action compensates for variations in the inherent stiffness of the muscle. 2. Compensation is effective over a range of intermediate values of initial force, but it fails whenever the reflex force approaches zero or the maximal force at that length. 3. Reflex action is capable of modifying muscular force within 22 ms of the onset of length change. This indicates that even during a fast gallop, there is sufficient time for reflex action. 4. The mechanical properties of the active soleus muscle are highly nonlinear; e.g., muscular stiffness becomes negative transiently during stretch. In stable decerebrate preparations we found that reflex action resulted in a considerable improvement in linearity. 5. Our results support two complementary hypotheses: a) stiffness may be the regulated property of the stretch reflex, and b) the main function of autogenetic reflexes may be to conpensate for variations in the properties of skeletal muscle rather than to oppose changes in load. PMID- 1249598 TI - Effect of auditory neocortex ablation on pitch perception in the cat. AB - Cats which received one- or two-stage bilateral ablations of auditory cortex were compared to unoperated cats on a test involving the discrimination of increases (1.2 kHz) from decreases (0.8 kHZ) in the frequency of ongoing 1.0-kHz tone pulses. Whereas two-stage cats exhibited more evidence of postoperative retention for the original task than did one-stage cats, both groups relearned the discrimination in approximately the same number of trials as normal cats. Individual differences in difficulty of relearning apparently reflected the degree of undercutting of the polysensory association areas of the suprasylvian and lateral gyri. Following retraining, all cats received two discrimination transfer tests. The first test was identical to the original dis crimination problem in all respects except that different frequency values were substituted for the original set (i.e., 1.6-kHz tones alternating with either 2.0- or 1.2-kHz signals). Whereas both unoperated and two-stage cats had difficulty discriminating the new positive from negative trials, the one-stage cats exhibited a significant tendency to continue responding to changes invoving 1.2 kHz tones in the same manner as in the original discrimination task. In the second test the cats were asked to discriminate the original 1.2- and 0.8-kHz tones against a silent background. Both operated and unoperated cats performed significantly above chance on this test. These results suggest that the cats solved the original discrimination on the basis of absolute frequency cues rather than the directionality of frequency changes. The significance of these findings are discussed in relation to current concepts of the functional capacity of auditory decorticate animals. PMID- 1249599 TI - Depolarizing afterpotentials and burst production in molluscan pacemaker neurons. AB - 1. Spikes in molluscan bursting cells are followed by depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) which are not seen in nonbursting cells in the same ganglia. DAPs from successive spikes sum to provide a depolarizing drive capable of sustaining multiple discharge. 2. Subthreshold depolarization activates a DAP like process in bursters. 3. DAP amplitude increases as the cell is hyperpolarized beyond the potassium equilibrium potential. The amplitude is not changed by intracellular iontophoresis of TEA-Cl. DAP amplitude is reduced by 39% after a 10-min exposure to CA++-free saline, and by 66% after 10 min in 4% Na+ (Tris substituted) saline. The amplitude is unchanged by exposure to K+-free saline. 4. During repetitive stimulation the amplitude of the summed DAP declines. 5. It is concluded that DAP results from a slowly decaying component of Ca++ and Na+ permeability. PMID- 1249600 TI - Synaptic events and discharge patterns of cochlear nucleus cells. I. Steady frequency tone bursts. AB - Unitary discharge patterns (peristimulus time histograms or PSTH) and synaptic events were studies with intracellular recording techniques in 164 cat cochlear nucleus cells to steady-frequency tone bursts 250 ms in duration. There were four response types defined on the basis of the shape of the discharge patterns to tones at the characteristic or best frequency. Primarylike units resemble eighth nerve fibres and have a maximum discharge at tone onset, followed by a smooth decline to a steady level of activity. Buildup units have a transient response at tone onset, followed a period of little or not activity before gradually increasing their discharge rate for the remainder of the tone burst. Onset units have an initial burst of spikes at the onset, with little or no activity for the remainder of the tone burst. Pause units have a long latency (10-30 ms) between tone onset and the appearance of low levels of unit activity, which then gradually increase in rate for the remainder of the tone burst. Changes in signal frequency or intensity within the excitatory response area did not modify response patterns of primarylike and onset units, but could evoke primarylike patterns in buildup and pause units. Inhibition manifested by suppression of spontaneous activity and membrane hyperpolarization were of three kinds: 1) in response to signals at the edges of the excitatory response area (i.e., the inhibitory surround) and detected in onset buildup, and pause units but not in primarylike units; 2) occurring at the offset of tones in the excitatory response area and detected in all four types of cochlear nucleus cells; 3) during excitatory tone bursts in onset and buildup units associated with the periods of suppressed unit activity. Membrane hyperpolarization did not accompany the delay in unit activity after tone onset in pause units. Inhibitory events in cochlear nucleus cells provide mechanisms for producing diversity in the temporal pattern of discharges to acoustic signals which may underly the encoding of complex features of sounds. PMID- 1249601 TI - Synaptic events and discharge patterns of cochlear nucleus cells. II. Frequency modulated tones. AB - Responses of 99 cochlear nucleus cells and 24 cochlear nerve fibers were studied with FM signals; 14 cochlear nerve fibers and 57 cochlear nucleus cells were studied at four rates of modulation and several signal intensities. Classification of FM response patterns as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or unidirectional was based on the calculation of a symmetry factor (S), which compared the number of discharges evoked by the ascending and by the descending phases of the FM sweep. Certain FM response patterns could not adequately be described by the symmetry factor along and variables of modulation rate and signal intensity had significant influence. A correspondence was found between the four response classes evoked by a steady-frequency tone burst (primarylike, buildup, onset, and pause) and the FM response pattern. Cochlear nerve fibers showed symmetrical response patterns to FM stimulation. Primarylike units were similar to eighth nerve fibers and generally showed symmetrical FM responses. Occasional eighth nerve fibers and primarylike cells developed asymmetry at the fastest rate of modulation (50 sps). Buildup units showed a variety of response patterns to FM signals. Onset units generally showed asymmetrical response patterns with the greater response occurring to the ascending than to the descending phase of the FM sweep. Pause units showed a characteristic inhibition of activity at 5 sps (rate-dependent inhibition). Of the 57 cochlear nuclear cells studied in response to FM signals, 16 were symmetrical, another 16 were symmetrical except at the fastest modulation rate, 12 were asymmetrical, 3 were unidirectional, and 10 showed complex responses to certain signal rates or intensities. It is clear the the cat cochlear with its complex cytoarchitecture is involved in the recoding of acoustic information. Some units in cochlear nucleus demonstrate differential responses to the direction and to the rate of frequency movement. Other cochlear nucleus cells respond as eighth nerve fibers and may serve as simple "relays" in transmitting information from the cochlea to higher auditory centers. PMID- 1249602 TI - Interaction of pulmonary afferents and pneumotaxic center in control of respiratory pattern in cats. AB - The interaction between the pulmonary afferents (PA) and the pneumotaxic center (PC) in control of respiratory pattern was studied in lightly anesthetized paralyzed cats before and after bivagotomy or lesions of the PC using inflations controlled by the onset or cessation of phrenic nerve discharge, i.e., cycle triggered inflations. This interaction was also studied using electrical stimulation of the central stumps of cut vagi. Introduction of a delay between inspiratory onset and the commencement of an inflation at constant flow and duration resulted in increases of the durations of inspiration (T1) and expiration (TE) and amplitude of the integrated phrenic nerve discharge (A). The lung volume at inspiratory cutoff, i.e., the volume threshold, increased markedly as T1 increased. There were linear relationships between T1 and TE and between T1 and A. At constant alveolar CO2 and tidal volume, the quantitative effects of delay were dependent on the rate of inflation; i.e., when the flow increased, the volume threshold for a given T1 decreased. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the effects of delay and flow. PC lesions, which resulted in apneusis when the cycle triggered inflations were stopped, produced the following changes compared to the delay effects seen in intact cats: a) the volume threshold for zero delay doubled and its rate of decrease with increased T1 was significantly smaller, and b) the change in TE for a given change in T1 was reduced markedly. Introduction of a delay between inspiratory onset and the start of electrical stimulation of the afferent vagi resulted in effects similar to those seen for delays in cycle triggered inflations. The T1-TE relationship remained linear when the stimulus trains ended with inspiratory cessation. These results suggest that: a) the inspiratory cutoff mechanism is responsive to the rate, as well as the level, of lung inflation; b) all of the lung volume information affecting inspiratory cutoff in paralyzed cats is carried via the vagi; c) an intact PC is necessary for the generation of a normal time dependence of the volume threshold for inspiratory cutoff; d) the PC plays an important role in matching TE to T1 when the latter changes. For inflations and vagal stimulations applied during expiration, with introduction of a delay between inspiratory cessation and the start of cycle-triggered inflation or vagal stimulation, the results indicated that the expiratory cutoff mechanism has an irrevocable phase of 300-450 ms. PMID- 1249603 TI - Effects of static tilt on cervical spinoreticular tract neurons. AB - The activity of axons located mainly in the ventral part of the lateral funiculi of the cervical segments C2-C3 were recorded in precollicular decerebrate cats and their responses to lateral tilt of the whole animal studied. Units were identified according to their antidromic and/or transynaptic responses to stimulation of the ipsilateral lateral reticular nucleus (NRL) as well as their responses to ipsilateral and/or contralateral forelimb nerve stimulation. In most respects, those units which could be antidromically identified as cervical ascending tract axons showed properties similar to those described for neurons of the spinoreticular pathway, the bVFRT. Among the 106 recorded units, 42 responded to 15 degrees tilts in the median plane. Steady changes in unit discharge frequency were evoked by tilting, which lasted as long as the position of the cat was maintained. The response of the units to tilting consisted of increased in discharge rate during tilt in one direction, while tilt in the opposite direction resulted in a decrease in discharge rate. The magnitude of the responses was clearly related to the degree of tilt. All the units affected by tilt, except one, received inputs from both ipsilateral and contralateral forelimb nerves and some of them also from high-threshold neck muscle afferents. Furthermore, 12 of these units could be orthodromically excited at short latency from the ipsilateral brain stem, suggesting a possible monosynaptic input perhaps transmitted via the lateral vestibulospinal tract. The responses of the cervical ascending spinal tract units to tilt did not appear to depend on peripheral proprioceptive or cutaneous feedback since a number of precautions were taken to eliminate such influences, while control experiments in animals submitted to partial or complete bilateral VIIth nerve section showed the number of neurons responsive to tilt to be profoundly reduced or eliminated. It appeared also that the average spontaneous discharge rate of the ascending units was much lower following bilateral VIIth nerve section than that obtained from the corresponding units recorded in preparations with the VIIth nerves intact. These findings suggested that the responses of the cervical ascending neurons to tilt as well as their spontaneous background activity depended on influences arising from the macular labyrinthine receptors. The observation that the responses of these ascending neurons to peripheral nerve stimulation are modified by tilt further suggested that the macular system may interact with the somatosensory system originating from the forelimb and the neck musculature, thus being able to produce the fine adjustments that cerebellar and brain stem structures exert in the control of posture and movements. PMID- 1249604 TI - Quantitative study of cortical orientation selectivity in visually inexperienced kitten. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings were made from single units in the visual cortices of six kittens deprived of experience with pattern vision by binocular lid suture. 2. Selectivity for stimulus orientation was quantitatively assessed in 98 units; 90 responded selectively to the orientation of a moving bar stimulus, the remainder responding nonselectively or too poorly to classify. Cells in these visually inexperienced kittens were similar in their degree of selectivity for orientation to cells tested in adult cats. However, responses tended to be weaker and somewhat more erratic. 3. About half the cells in this simple responded to both directions of stimulus motion at the optimal orientation. Most of those responding to only one direction of motion were considered orientation rather than direction selective because they responded more strongly or more selectively to a moving bar than to a moving spot. 4. Cells appeared to be organized within the cortex in a pattern similar to that found in adult cats, with cells in one column selective for the same orientation, and adjacent column having similar preferred orientations. 5. It is concluded that selectivity for stimulus orientation in the cat's visual cortex is innately determined. PMID- 1249605 TI - Interaction between foreign and original nerves innervating gill muscles in fish. AB - Foreign somatic motor nerves were made to innervate denervated gill muscles of the perch. The foreign innervation remained functional after reinnervation by the original nerve. Intracellular recordings showed that individual muscle fibers could be activated by both foreign and original neurons. Extensive foreign innervation appeared to inhibit the ability of the original nerve to reinnervate its own muscle. These studies provide evidence for a functional coexistence of appropriate and inappropriate innervation and show that foreign synapses need not be repressed by the "correct" nerve. PMID- 1249606 TI - Topography of visual and somatosensory projections to mouse superior colliculus. AB - In adult mice of the C57BL/6J strain the projection of the visual field was systematically mapped under direct vision. As in other vertebrate species the nasal (anterior) field projected anterolaterally, and the inferior field posterolaterally. Values of magnification-1 (m-1, or degrees of visual field per millimeter tectal surface) were calculated over most of the tectum, for measurements in the coronal and sagittal planes. Whereas m-1 was fairly constant for measurement pairs in sagittal planes, for coronal planes there was a rather large, elongated, horizontally oriented area in the upper field of vision within which m-1 was smaller than elsewhere. In this area m-1 was anisotropic, with a ratio of almost 2:1 between sagittal and coronal planes. In a previously study we had observed that many cells recorded in deeper tectal layers responded to somatosensory stimulation, with whiskers especially conspicuous. In a given penetration perpendicular to the tectal surface, somatosensory receptive fields recorded in the deeper tectum were always concerned with that group of whiskers or with those parts of the body that crossed the regions of visual field represented in the superficial layers directly above. Given this information on the visual coordinates associated with certain somatosensory fields, the detailed mapping of the visual field onto the tectum made it possible to prepare a map of the somatosensory projection on the tectum. The resulting representation differed markedly from maps described for the classic somatosensory pathway. In the tectum the somatosensory map was dictated by the visual-field projection rather than by the peripheral tactile innervation density. Whiskers were thus featured much more prominently in the tectum, and structures close to the eye, such as the pinna and cheek, receive more representation than the tail or hindpaws. PMID- 1249607 TI - Aneurysm of a superior cerebral vein. AB - Among 880 specimens of cerebral dura mater with enclosed sinuses, one had a sharply delineated bulbous conformation of the distal segment of a superior cerebral vein. There was no evidence of an arteriovenous malformation. Early plaque formation was present in the inner aspect of the thick wall of the dilated segment of vein. PMID- 1249608 TI - Functional representation on the medial aspect of the frontal lobes in man. AB - Sensorimotor responses to stimulation of the medical frontal and cingulate area were studied in seven unrestrained, unsedated patients who suffered from intractable seizures. Complex postural synergies involving the trunk and proximal extremities appeared contralaterally or occasionally bilaterally. Contraversive turning of head and eyes was not observed. Sensory responses from the supplementary motor area were referred contralaterally and focally; those from the cingulate gyrus were widely referred. Speech impairment from stimulation of the supplementary motor area showed striking similarities with that obtained from stimulation in the frontostriatal region or lateral aspect of the frontal lobe. The observations support the hypothesis that interference with striatal function may be the basis of speech inhibition produced by stimulation of the frontal lobe. PMID- 1249609 TI - Selection of patients for extra-intracranial arterial bypass surgery based on rCBF measurements. AB - Extracranial intracranial arterial anastomosis is gaining acceptance as a form of treatment in selected cases with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. To establish indications for this operation and to provide an objective assessment of postoperative results, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies were performed in 110 patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency considered for extra intracranial bypass surgery. The 133Xe intracarotid injection method with 16 externally placed detectors was used for measuring rCBF. Postoperatively, rCBF was measured in 40 patients. From these results our present criteria for surgery have evolved. The probability of a good postoperative result is best in patients who showed focal cerebral ischemia or a moderate general reduction of CBF with an additional ischemic focus. The operation is contraindicated in patients with either normal or severely reduced CBF values (less than 60% of normal). PMID- 1249610 TI - Clinical experience with extra-intracranial arterial anastomosis in 65 cases. AB - Clinical results of an extra-intracranial arterial bypass (EIAB) procedure for cerebral ischemia are assessed in 65 patients. The 5-year-study suggests that the EIAB procedure has a protective effect against further clinically significant cerebrovascular accidents in properly selected patients. Correlation with angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies are discussed. It is felt that rCBF measurements offer the best diagnostic test to determine which patients are suitable for surgery by revealing if an ischemic or relative ischemic focus is present. The surgical procedure is contraindicated in acute cerebral ischemia and when the rCBF study reveals general reduction of cerebral blood flow as opposed to a localized ischemic focus. PMID- 1249611 TI - Experimental bypass for sagittal sinus repair. Preliminary report. AB - Bypasses of the sagittal sinus, 2.5 mm in diameter, were carried out in 25 dogs with venous (13 cases) and arterial (12 cases) autogenous grafts, by classical microtechniques. Animals were sacrificed 10 to 75 days after the operation, average 40 days. The patency rate was 54% in the venous autograft group; in all cases, thrombosis occurred early and was due to technical factors. The immediate postoperative patency rate was 100% in the arterial graft group, but this type of graft showed a tendency to progressive occlusion because of extensive fibrosis of the arterial wall; thus the patency rate was 75% at the time of autopsy. This preliminary work demonstrates the technical feasibility of bypass procedure which could be used for sagittal sinus repair. PMID- 1249612 TI - Intradural lipomas of the spinal cord. A clinicopathological correlation. AB - Nine original cases of intradural spinal cord lipomas have been examined from a clinical and pathological standpoint. These tumors occur more commonly in men in the second to fourth decade and are found most frequently in the thoracic spinal cord. Paraparesis, sensory changes, urinary incontinence, and pain are frequent presenting complaints. Myelography is the diagnostic study of choice. All lipomas in this series were located primarily within the cord; four of these also presented an extramedullary extension. Admixed nerve bundles were present in five cases with associated hypertrophic onion-bulb formation in three. Decompression with biopsy or subtotal resection is the operative procedure of choice. PMID- 1249613 TI - Endothelial growth factor present in tissue culture of CNS tumors. AB - Human endothelial cells obtained from postpartum umbilical veins and placed in primary tissue cultures were treated with media from cultures of human and experimental central nervous system tumors. Endothelial proliferation was determined by the uptake of 3H thymidine with autoradiography and represented as the thymidine labeling index (TI), which is the proportion of 3H thymidine labeled endothelial cells to total number of cells counted. There was a marked increase in the TI when tumor-conditioned medium was added to endothelial cultures (range 28.7% to 98.3%) when compared to controls (2.1%) and endothelium with conditioned media from fibroblasts (4.5%). This study demonstrates the presence of a chemical substance produced by tumor cells which results in endothelial proliferation. The system described provides a useful assay technique for the further characterization of this endothelial growth factor. PMID- 1249614 TI - Surgical anatomy of the proximal anterior cerebral artery. AB - The authors present this study of proximal anterior cerebral arteries in the normal human to provide a clearer basis for strategy in aneurysm surgery. They describe patterns of origin of branches, their subarachnoid course, and parenchymal distribution. Branches that originate from the anterior cerebral artery at the internal carotid bifurcation perfuse the genu and contiguous posterior limb of the internal capsule and the rostral thalamus. Proximal 4-mm branches supply the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the neighboring hypothalamus, anteroventral putamen, and pallidum. The remaining anterior cerebral artery proximal to the communicating artery sends branches to the optic chiasm, the adjacent hypothalamus, and the anterior commissure. Heubner's artery arises directly opposite the anterior communicating artery to supply much of the striatum and internal capsule rostral to the anterior commissure. The anterior communicating artery branches supply the fornix, corpus callosum, septal region, and anterior cingulum. The parenchymal distribution of these end arteries may be surmised from the site of origin named vessels. With this anatomical information one can avoid interruption of blood supply to vital structures when dealing with the anterior cerebral artery and its branches. PMID- 1249615 TI - Jefferson fracture of the atlas. Report of six cases. AB - Six cases of Jefferson fracture of the atlas are summarized. None had recognizable neurological signs that resulted from the injury when seen in the hospital. With conservative treatment, pain subsided and the fracture stabilized in a short period in all six patients. None of the patients underwent fusion of the cervical spine. PMID- 1249616 TI - Treatment of Jefferson fracture with a halo apparatus. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with bursting fractures of the atlas vertebra are presented. The use of a halo apparatus as an effective alternative to bedrest and cervical traction in these patients is discussed. Polytomography was helpful in establishing an accurate diagnosis. PMID- 1249617 TI - Cerebrovascular accident after percutaneous rf thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion. Case report. AB - A case of cerebrovascular accident associated with percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion is presented in the hope of alerting other surgeons to this possible complication. PMID- 1249618 TI - Carotid-anterior cerebral artery anastomosis. Case report. AB - The angiographic and anatomical features of an anomalous communication between the intradural internal carotid artery and the anterior cerebral artery are described. Essential features of the anastomosis include an origin at, or close to, the origin of the ophthalmic artery, a course ventral to the ipsilateral optic nerve and anterior to the optic chiasm, and a termination near the anterior communicating artery. Although rare, the condition should be considered as an entity. The incidence of associated berry aneurysm and other congenital vascular anomalies is high. PMID- 1249619 TI - Tension pneumocephalus after insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for aqueductal stenosis. AB - A case of tension pneumocephalus after the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for aqueductal stenosis is reported. The possible mechanisms producing this complication are discussed. PMID- 1249620 TI - Myxochondrosarcoma of the fourth ventricle. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of myxochondrosarcoma of the fourth ventricle. The tumor was heavily calcified and proved impossible to remove at surgery. Histological examination revealed areas of loose fibroblastic tissue, hyaline cartilage, osteoid, and bone. It is postulated that the tumor arose from the stroma of the choroid plexus. PMID- 1249621 TI - Sagittal synostectomy. Technical note. AB - A procedure for correction of scaphocephaly is described. It differs from strip craniectomy in that it provides early correction of the deformity by removing the protuberances at the bregma and at the occiput. The morbidity and mortality of this procedure is no greater than with the more standard linear craniectomy. PMID- 1249622 TI - Isotope sinograms. Technical note. PMID- 1249623 TI - Letter: Intravascular coagulation following trauma. PMID- 1249624 TI - Measures of clinical efficacy. III. The value of the lung scan in the evaluation of young patients with pleuritic chest pain. AB - The usefulness of various modalities in evaluating pleuritic pain in young patients and in isolating cases of pulmonary embolism was assessed using likelihood ratios and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. History and physical, laboratory, and radiographic finding were used disjunctively to establish an ROC curve. The percentage of patients found to have pulmonary embolism increased monotonically with certain critical pieces of diagnostic data. For example, a history and physical examination alone detected 80% of patients with pulmonary embolism; a chest radiograph raised the percentage to 95%; and the addition of a lung scan increased the percentage to 100%. Thus, with proper interpretation of clinical and radiographic data, the lung scan has only a marginal impact upon the sensitivity with which pulmonary embolism is detected. Its major value is an increased specificity in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1249625 TI - Use of 99mTc-labeled albumin microspheres in cerebral vascular disease. AB - The intracarotid injection of radioalbumin microspheres (15 and 30 mum) is followed by scanning procedures that permit the description of the cerebral bloodflow distribution. The method is reproducible. Injection can be made into the internal and common carotid arteries, as well as into the aortic arch or the left ventricle. This last procedure makes it easy to examine patients with severe extracranial vascular stenosis or thrombosis and permits comparison of the two hemispheres. Most patients (88%) injected on the affected side showed one or more local vascular deficits. The method therefore is more efficient than pertechnetate scanning or arteriography. PMID- 1249626 TI - Serial bone-scan changes in recurrent bone infarction. AB - Recurrent bone infarcts in a black man produced a changing pattern of bone-scan abnormalities. Areas initially cold at the infarction site returned to normal over a period of months. Hyperconcentration was frequently noted during the healing phase. In the acute phase scanning was specific and more sensitive than radiography. PMID- 1249627 TI - Osteoblastomas of the axial skeleton shown by skeletal scanning: case report. AB - Two patients with osteoblastoma of the axial skeleton showed intense uptake of 99mTc-polyphosphate and 99mTc-diphosphonate on skeletal scans. Although this lesion is uncommon, it should be included in the differential diagnosis for young patients who show abnormal accumulation of 99mTc-phosphates in the axial skeleton. PMID- 1249628 TI - Abnormal radionuclide angiogram in proven intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia: case report. AB - Left internal carotid occlusion with collateral perfusion was shown by radionuclide and contrast angiography in a 22-year-old women. Fibromuscular dysplasia, intimal fibroplasia type, was found at autopsy in the intracranial carotid vertebral, and basilar arteries. PMID- 1249629 TI - Displacement of the spleen in infected pancreatic pseudocyst: case report. AB - In two patients with infected pancreatic pseudocyst 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans showed similar medial and inferior displacement of the spleen. PMID- 1249630 TI - Rat model for acute myocardial infarction: application to technetium-labeled glucoheptonate, tetracycline, and polyphosphate. AB - Cauterization of rat myocardium serves as a quick (2 min) inexpensive technique to create an animal model of acute myocardial infarction useful in evaluating radiopharmaceuticals as potential clinical imaging agents. Preliminary evidence indicates that is correlates well with behavior in man. Application of the model led to the discovery, confirmed by later investigators, that chelating agents such as glucoheptonate and polyphosphate show significant uptake in recent myocardial lesions. PMID- 1249631 TI - Selenium-75-19-selenocholesterol-a new adrenal scanning agent with high concentration in the adrenal medulla. AB - A tissue distribution study with 75Se-19-selenocholesterol in rats, rabbits, and dogs showed high adrenal concentrations and good adrenal images. In the dog, higher concentrations were obtained in the adrenal medulla than in the cortex at Days 1 and 7 after dosing. Extraction and thin-layer chromatography of the adrenal lipid in dogs given this compound showed that 75Se in the adrenal is still attached to the steroid moiety. A reduction in production costs is expected from its longer shelf life. Selenium-75-19-selenocholesterol is being evaluated in humans not only for routine use as a adrenal cortex scanning agent, but also for the detection of pheochromocytomas and other sympathetic tissue tumors, especially neuroblastomas. PMID- 1249632 TI - Radiorespirometric study of carbohydrate metabolism in childhood liver disease. AB - The need for a suitable parameter to evaluate patients with chronic liver disease has been felt for some time, especially in order to judge the response to surgical shunts and the influence of certain drugs and diets on the liver. Since the liver is a major organ for carbohydrate metabolism, it was decided to analyze the in vivo oxidation of such substrates as glucose and galactose labeled with 14C. Moderately advanced "Indian childhood cirrhosis" and idiopathic fatty hepatic infiltration were selected to represent diffuse chronic liver disease. Oral administration of 14C-U-glucose or 14C-1-galactose was followed by analyses of 14CO2 in breath by liquid scintillation counting. Conversion of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 was accelerated by both diseases. On the other hand, oxidation of 14C galactose was slowed in fatty infiltration and was markedly subnormal in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 1249633 TI - The assay of iodine-123. AB - Compounds labeled with 123I are becoming more common in scintillation imaging due to the convenient combination of the 13.3-hr half-life and the 159-keV gamma radiation. Here attention is drawn to the particularly large summing effects observed when 123I is counted in a well counter. These could lead to errors in the assay of doses if the analyzer windows used are too narrow. PMID- 1249634 TI - Letter: Breast scintigraphy with 99mTc-pertechnetate and 67Ga-citrate. PMID- 1249635 TI - Letter: Differential diagnosis of brain lesions with 99mTc-labeled pharmaceuticals. PMID- 1249636 TI - Letter: Jugular vein reflux. PMID- 1249637 TI - Letter: Gallium-67 uptake in the regenerating rat liver. PMID- 1249639 TI - Letter: Preparation of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 1249638 TI - Letter: Technetium labeling of streptokinase at low pH. PMID- 1249640 TI - Letter: Laminar flow. PMID- 1249641 TI - Causes of abnormalities reported in nuclear medicine testing. PMID- 1249642 TI - Efficiency of phenylpyruvic and phenyllactic acids as substitutes for phenylalanine in the diet of the growing rat. AB - Male weanling albino rats fed a diet containing all nutrients for optimal growth, including 45.4 mumoles of phenylalanine/g, gained weight at an average of 6.5 g/day. Removal of phenylalanine caused an average weight loss of 1.1 g/day. Addition of graduated increments of phenylalanine led to progressive increases in growth rate; the increases being proportional to the dietary content of this amino acid. When phenylpyruvic or L-phenyllactic acids were added isonitrogenously to the phenyl-alanine-free diet, growth rate also increased. Percent efficiency of these amino acid analogues as dietary substitutes for phenylalanine, calculated as (see article) varied from 50% to 70% for phenylpyruvic acid and 65% to 95% for L-phenyllactic acid. Efficiency increased as dose of analogue increased. Non-isonitrogenous substitution did not change growth rates. Supplementation with a megadose of pyridoxine did not increase the efficiency of phenylpyruvic acid. D-phenyllactic acid and cinnamic acid were completely ineffective as substitutes for phenylalanine. When tyrosine was withdrawn from the diet, efficiency of phenylpyruvic acid was 70% at several doses. The efficiency of L-phenyllactic acid was 65 to 40%, decreasing with increasing dose. PMID- 1249643 TI - The effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids in the rat. AB - We have studied the effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency in the rat on the fatty acid spectrum of phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in liver, plasma and kidneys. In general, vitamin B 6 deficiency decreased the proportion of arachidonic acid in the phospholipid fraction studies and increased that of linoleic acid. These changes seem to be greatest in the liver, whose changes were reflected quite faithfully in the plasma and were least in the kidneys, especially in the case of PE. These differences of order of magnitude may be due to differences in the site of synthesis, in the function or in the turnover of these phospholipids in the different tissues. We have attempted to explain these changes on the basis of a decrease in the synthesis of PC by the pathway of methylation of PE, a pathway which leads mainly to the information of arachidonoyl-PC. The relative importance of the de novo pathway, via CDP-choline, which produces mainly linoleoyl PC would thus increase. This mechanism, associated or not with a decrease in the synthesis of arachidonic acid from linoleic acid, could produce the effects observed on the fatty acid spectrum of the various phospholipids. PMID- 1249644 TI - Studies on the changes in reduced glutathione of chick tissues during onset and regression of nutritional muscular dystrophy. AB - Nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) in the chick results from a simultaneous deficiency of vitamin E and cystine. Muscle and liver of dystrophic and nondystrophic chicks were assayed for nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase. Red blood cells were assayed for NP SH and GSH content. Glutathione peroxidase was determined in muscle, plasma and liver. Dystrophic muscle GSH was increased and at times was approximately double that of normal muscle, while liver GSH was lower in dystrophic than in normal chicks. During recovery from NMD, brought about by addition of either vitamin E or cystine to the dystrophogenic diet, muscle GSH declined and liver GSH increased to normal levels. Glutathione peroxidase was equivalent in both dystrophic and nondystrophic plasma and liver, but was significantly increased in dystrophic muscle. The mode of action of dietary cystine in preventing NMD in chicks remains unknown; it is not mediated through the role of amino acid as a component of the GSH needed for the action of glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 1249645 TI - Maintenance requirement and energetic efficiency of lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - The body balance technique was used to determine the maintenance requirement and the energetic efficiency of 6-week-old male lean and obese Zucker rats. Fifteen lean and 15 obese rats were assigned to three groups of five each and fed three levels of food intake: ad libitum, 75% of ad libitum, and 50% of ad libitum, for a 4-week period. The obese rats consumed more food and gained significantly more weight than the lean rats. Obese rats utilized dietary energy more efficiently than lean rats but the opposite was true for dietary protein. The efficiency with which obese rats utilized metabolizable energy for gain was 36% compared with efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy above maintenance for obese and lean were 51.4% and 21.4%, respectively. The maintenance requirement on the basis of metabolic body size for the obese and lean was calculated to be 122 and 130.5 kcal ME per day per kg.75 for the 4-week period. These results indicate that the energetic efficiency is higher in obese than in lean Zucker rats and suggest that the higher energetic efficiency is not the result of a significantly lower maintenance requirement. PMID- 1249646 TI - Interactions of trace metals in mouse and rat tissues; zinc, chromium, copper, and manganese with 13 other elements. AB - Tissues of rats and mice fed a nonessential metal in drinking water for life were analyzed for the essential metals chromium, copper, manganese and zinc. The study involved 505 rats and 843 mice. Livers, lungs, hearts, kidneys and spleens were pooled in groups according to age at death, averaging 5 for rats and 8 for mice, in order to provide adequate sample weight. Copper was significantly higher in livers of rats fed tin, germanium, niobium and zirconium than in controls. Similarly, niobium was associated with deposition of manganese in heart and zinc deposition in liver. Chromium levels were depressed in heart, kidney and spleen by germanium. In mice the greatest effects occurred when indium and rhodium were fed, all four essential trace metals exhibiting raised levels principally in kidney but also in heart and spleen. Chromium levels were raised in all organs but heart when hexavalent chromium was fed. From these data it is apparent that the ingestion of a nonessential metal can enhance the retention of an essential trace metal, perhaps thus avoiding toxicity from the nonessential one. PMID- 1249647 TI - Lenticular opacities in young rats as a consequence of maternal diets low in tryptopham and/or vitamin E. AB - The relative effect upon lens transparency of a diet low in both tryptophan and vitamin E was compared to diets low in either nutrient alone during development. Thirty-three percent of 126 progeny from 19 litters at weaning were found to have either unilateral or bilateral lenticular opacities when the maternal diet during gestation and lactation provided only 75 mg L-tryptophan and 0.1 mg dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate per 100 g diet. No opacities were seen in 179 progency from 20 litters when tryptophan alone was restricted, and only 6% incidence was detected when vitamin E was the sole limiting nutrient. The data reveal a previously unrecognized association between tryptophan and vitamin E relative to fetal lens development. PMID- 1249648 TI - Regulatory role of dietary leucine on plasma branched-chain amino acid levels in young men. AB - Four healthy young men were studied to explore the effects of dietary leucine intake on plasma levels of leucine,isoleucine and valine. Leucine-, valine-, leucine-valine-, and leucine-isoleucine-valine-free amino acid mixtures were studied during four-day experimental diet periods. The effects of giving amino acid mixtures with high-carbohydrate, low-fat or low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets were also studied. Deficient leucine intake increased plasma levels of valine and isoleucine, but a valine-free diet did not affect plasma levels of the other branched-chain amino acids. Leucine influence was evident during the postprandial and fasted phases. Valine and isoleucine levels were less markedly reduced when diets devoid of these amino acids were also leucine-free, as compared with a diet providing adequate leucine. Changes in the major dietary energy source failed to influence the qualitative effects of dietary leucine adequacy on the branched chain amino acid levels in plasma. The results suggest that leucine facilitates both tissue uptake of branched-chain amino acids and their intracellular metabolism. PMID- 1249649 TI - Biological availability of iron supplements for rats, chicks and humans. AB - Fourteen experiments were concluded on the effect of protein and carbohydrate sources in the assay diets on the relative biological values (RBV) of food grade sodium iron pyrophosphate (NaFePP) and ferric orthophosphate (FePO4) vs. ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) for rats and chicks, using the response in blood hemoglobin to graded levels of supplemental iron as the assay criterion. Two trials were made with volunteers to estimate the RBV of NaFePP and FePO4 for humans, based on the increase in plasma iron 2 hours after ingestion of 100 mg of iron of a test dose following an overnight fast. The RBV of iron from NaFePP and FePO4 for rats were consistently lower when the basal diet contained nonfat dried milk (9 to 16 and 28, respectively, vs. FeSO4=100) than when casein was used (25 to 28 and 49, respectively). The addition of 22% beta-lactose, replacing sucrose in a diet containing casein fed to rats, significantly reduced the RBV of iron from NaFePP from 25 to 15; the addition of 22% alpha-lactose or 40% glucose in place of sucrose had no effect on the RBV of this iron source. The RBV of iron from NaFePP and FePO4 for chicks were 4 to 6 and 4, respectively, with the source of dietary protein having no effect. Very low RBV of iron from NaFePP and FePO4 (4.3 and 5.9, respectively, vs. FeSO4=100) were also obtained with human subjects. PMID- 1249650 TI - Studies with chicks on the growth depressing factor(s) in faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor). AB - The growth response of broiler chicks was improved when they were fed diet containing high levels (greater than 85%) of heat treated as compared to raw faba beans. Pelleting and microwave treatment of faba beans containing 10% moisture resulted in maximal improvements in chick growth rates and feed efficiency of only 6% and 8%, respectively. Steam autoclaving (121 degrees for 20 minutes), extrusion (130 degrees or 152 degrees), or microwave treatment of faba beans containing 18% added water resulted in maximal improvements of 16% in growth rates and 19% in feed: gain ratios. the above study, a time course study of the relationship between faba beans autoclaving time anc chick growth response, and studies with individual faba bean fractions (starch isolate and protein isolate) suggests that processing improves the utilization of faba bean mainly through its effects on components associated with the protein and possibly the hull portions of faba beans. The utilization of faba bean starch is not improved with processing. Although the nature of the growth depressing factor(s) has not been established, the results from this study indicated that the major component does not appear to be a tryspin inhibitor, hemagglutinin, some other heat labile protein, or vicine. PMID- 1249651 TI - Prevention of bony fluorosis in aluminum smelter workers. Excretion of fluorides during a seven-day workweek -- Pt. 2. AB - 1. The excretion of fluoride is examined among aluminum smelter workers over the course of a seven-day workweek. The data for the first three days of work is best described by the first cycle of a parabolic curve. Each curve is characteristic of the level of exposure associated with specific jobs and individual smelter hygienic conditions. 2. The variability associated with the post-shift values after apparent equilibrium is attained is extreme. Such variability is probably due in large part to differences in exposure occurring during the last few hours of that work-day. This is further augmented as essentially all the absorbed fluoride is excreted as the near-equilibrium state is attained. 3. Because of this variability, the use of the post-shift urinary fluoride concentration as an indicator of exposure conditions should be limited to groups of workers, rather than individuals, at possible risk. 4. It appears that a urinary fluoride sample taken any day after the third day of the shift is an adequate post-shift fluoride exposure indicator among these groups of workers. PMID- 1249652 TI - Prevention of bony fluorosis in aluminum smelter workers. A five-year study of fluoride absorption and excretion -- Pt. 3. AB - 1. A study of over 52,000 urinary fluoride determinations collected over a 5-year period among aluminum smelter workers is described. The pre-shift urinary fluoride concentration (representative of bony burden) appears to increase less rapidly than the post-shift concentration. This slow rate of bony buildup of pre shift urinary fluoride concentrations reflects the relatively slow uptake of fluoride by osseous tissues at these levels of exposure. 2. The utility of post shift urinary fluoride analysis is reflected by its close correlation with improvement or deterioration in work practices which determines the degree of potential fluoride exposure. 3. Over 16,000 urinary tests for protein were performed in aluminum smelter workers. The absence of correlation between urinary fluoride concentrations and the presence of albuminuria indicates the absence of renal alteration among these workers. PMID- 1249653 TI - Prevention of bony fluorosis in aluminum smelter workers. A 15-year retrospective study of fluoride excretion and bony radiopacity among aluminum smelter workers - Pt. 4. AB - 1. Fifty six aluminum smelter workers with 10 to 43 years' occupational exposure, and who had been previously studied medically, were re-x-rayed. Average urinary fluoride concentrations since 1960 were estimated to range from 2.78 mg/liter preshift and 7.71 mg/liter postshift. 2. Roentgenographic studies in 1960-66 and 1974 failed to reveal any evidence of fluoride associated bony change. 3. Although these workers represent a self-selected group, their magnitude and duration of exposure far outweighs any other group working at present or in the past at this plant. The implication that they have uniformly self-selected as fluoride resistant individuals is improbable. 4. These data indicate that group post-shift ur a long period is not associated with enhanced risk of bony fluorosis. If preshift urinary fluoride concentrations are less than 4 mg/l, the same results appears to apply. PMID- 1249654 TI - Prevention of bony fluorosis in aluminum smelter workers. Appendix A - analytical methods. PMID- 1249655 TI - The effect of myocardial infarction on the cardiac sensitization potential of certain halocarbons. AB - We have previously shown that many halocarbons and hydrocarbons are capable of producing cardiac sensitization. Briefly, the test method involved exposure of healthy, unanesthetized, beagle dogs to various inspired levels of sensitizing agent, followed by an intravenous dose (8 mug/kg) of epinephrine. Along, this epinephrine dose produces only mild ECG alterations, but, at threshold levels of a sensitizing agent, may induce a serious cardiac arrhythmia and sometimes death. Using the same test protocol, dogs with experimentally-induced myocardial infarctions were used to determine whether this type of heart condition might significantly lower the threshold for cardiac sensitization. Test results on three halocarbons showed no greater potential for cardiac sensitization among dogs having recovered from myocardial infarction as compared to normal, healthy animals. PMID- 1249657 TI - Factors influencing the output of ultraviolet radiation during welding. PMID- 1249656 TI - The health of long service tetraethyl lead workers. AB - Detailed comparison of extensive medical information (results of periodic medical examinations, of medical records of absence from work due to non-occupational illness, and of cumulative medical diagnoses) for workers with 20 years or more TEL service to a matched (for age, sex, race and length of service) group of workers with no occupational lead (TEL or other) exposure shows no significant health differences between the two populations. The conclusion is drawn that, under the conditions have existed at this facility, workers having long occupational exposure to levels of lead (chiefly TEL) sharply in excess of that of the general public, but within a range termed "safe" by current industrial medical standards, have not suffered detectable impairment of health. PMID- 1249658 TI - Letters to the Editor: Input from labor unions. PMID- 1249659 TI - Letter: Occupational mortality studies. PMID- 1249660 TI - Editorial: Workplace hazards and young humans. PMID- 1249661 TI - Prevention of bony fluorosis in aluminum smelter workers. Absorption and excretion of fluoride immediately after exposure -- Pt. 1. AB - 1. A program for the prevention of excessive fluoride absorption among aluminum smelter workers is described. This surveillance is based upon knowledge of the portals of entry, distribution, bone deposition and excretory patterns of this element. 2. The control program is based on the thesis that the concentration of fluoride in the urine two to three days after cessation of work-related exposure reflects the bony burden of this element among this occupational group. Further, this program assumes that the concentration of urinary fluoride after three to five days of shift work reflects the extent of work exposure, adequacy of hygienic and engineering controls and work practices. The limitations of such program as it applies to individual samplings of workers is emphasized. 3. A balance between inhaled fluoride and urinary excretion over a 24-hour period (beginning with work exposure) is attempted. An approximate model for aluminum smelter workers in a near equilibrium F balance is constructed. The role of particle size distribution as a determinant of body loading is emphasized. Because of considerable variation in uptake possible with differing particle size distributions, the actual body F loading potential is inadequately determined on the basis of F concentrations in air. These data also suggest that gaseous fluoride is probably adsorbed upon particulates and absorbed at the alveolar level in the same fashion as respirable particulate fluoride. 4. The regression of ambient fluoride on urinary excretion suggests that the present threshold limit value for fluoride might be more appropriately set at 2 mg/M33 for an eight hour day. PMID- 1249662 TI - Meat-wrappers asthma: a case study. PMID- 1249663 TI - Health aspects of housing. PMID- 1249664 TI - An aid in the treatment of myocardial infarction. PMID- 1249665 TI - Standards for the control of carcinogens in the workplace. PMID- 1249666 TI - The supervisor's role with the problem drinker employee. AB - In a large company, a group of problem drinker employees selected from the Alcoholic Rehabilitation Program at Illinois Bell, and a group of supervisors of such employees were participants in the study. Questionnaires as well as interviews were utilized. Comparative tables were discussed. A definite, yet flexible role of the supervisor was seen operative throughout the different processes of recognition, confrontation, referral, and treatment. Certain conclusions were drawn from the perspective of the patients, the supervisors, and the company. PMID- 1249667 TI - Tuberculosis in a New York plant: analysis and observations. AB - A case of active open pulmonary tuberculosis was accidently and randomly encountered in the midst of a population of middle-aged service employees. A tuberculin survey and x-ray study did not reveal transmission of disease to coworkers. This fortuitous outcome was unexpected. Hypothetical explanations are advanced to account for the extraordinarily high rate of tuberculin reactors in the plant (21.4% to 47.4%) and for the apparent low level or limited infectivity of the index case. The investigation was pursued methodically with selective use of the attack rate to develop successive hypotheses from a spate of complex findings. It is suggested that (because of inherent similarities) occupational physicians will find this type of approach to be effective in the investigation of outbreaks of occupational disease. PMID- 1249668 TI - The multiplicity of roles of the occupational physician. AB - The contemporary occupational physician serves many roles as he practices occupational medicine in the complexities of our industrial society. He is a physician, administrator, supervisor, interpreter, teacher, counselor, social worker, rehabilitationist, motivator, or advocate, as employee needs require. When performing well in these roles, he will serve best the employer, the worker, and himself, and, in the words of Rutherford T. Johnstone, will sense the poetry and romance of occupational medicine. PMID- 1249669 TI - Psychiatric treatment: a barrier to employment progress. PMID- 1249670 TI - Essential tremor: a common and treatable disorder. PMID- 1249671 TI - Health systems agencies--just another hurdle? PMID- 1249672 TI - Opportunities and issues in new health planning legislation. PMID- 1249673 TI - Nucleosides. XXXI. Synthesis of 1-(2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl) cytosine, the nucleoside portion of oxamicetin. PMID- 1249674 TI - A short synthesis of camptothecin. PMID- 1249675 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of naturally occurring substances. XXXIX. Apramycin--an application of amine protonation parameters. PMID- 1249676 TI - Optically active amines. XXI. Application of the salicyledenimino chirality rule to cyclic steroidal amines. PMID- 1249677 TI - Total synthesis of steroids. XI. Synthesis of optically active 11-ketoestrane derivatives. PMID- 1249678 TI - Stereochemistry of Bockmuhl's synthesis of methadone. PMID- 1249679 TI - Mortality among patients who survived their first myocardial infarction. PMID- 1249680 TI - Prothrombin complex concentrate (Konyne) in the treatment of hemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitors. AB - Two prothrombin complex concentrates, Auto-Factor IX and Proplex, have been reported to be effective in controlling bleeding in hemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitors. A third PCC, Konyne, was used to treat 64 bleeding episodes (130 infusions) in five hemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitors. Prompt control of bleeding was observed in each instance with doses of 15 to 100 units of factor IX/kg; no complications were encountered. Konyne resulted in in vivo and in vitro shortening of the partial thromboplastin time of patients with factor VIII inhibitors, but the mechanism of action is unknown. If further studies confirm the efficacy and safety of PCC in the treatment of such patients, its use for this purpose could lead to significant saving of factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 1249681 TI - Gonadal function, testicular histology, and meiosis following cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Gonadal function, histology, and meiosis were studied in patients after puberty who had received cyclophosphamide in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Four males with minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome received cyclophosphamide, 2 to 4 mg/kg/24 hr, during periods ranging from 49 to 60 days and had normal semen at 15 3/12 to 22 3/12 years of age. Four males who received cyclophosphamide, 2 to 5 mg/kg/24 hr, during 89 to 489 days were azoospermic at 15 6/12 to 21 11/12 years of age. Plasma testosterone levels were normal in both groups. LH and FSH levels were elevated in the azoospermicgroup. Light and electron microscopy and meiotic analysis of testicular tissue were normal in two normospermic patients tested. Germinal cells were absent but Leydig and Sertoli cells were present in three azoospermic patients tested. No neoplasia was observed. Two preadolescent and two postadolescent males received 64 to 129 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide during 14 to 45 days and have since fathered normal children. One preadolescent female received 182 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide during 49 days and later bore a normal child. Two preadolescent females who died of complications of their nephrotic syndrome during childhood after courses of cyclophosphamide had normal preadolescent ovaries. PMID- 1249682 TI - Small bowel mucosal dysfunction in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Jejunal biopsies were obtained from 37 children with cystic fibrosis, 16 with gluten-induced enteropathy, and 18 control subjects for the following studies: (1) disaccharidase activity, (2) L-ALA-L-Phe hydrolase activity, and (3) intestinal uptake of three 14C-labeled amino acids. Values were significantly reduced in the three determinations in patients with gluten-induced enteropathy as compared to control subjects. Lactase and L-ALA-L-Phe hydrolase activities were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in CF patients as compared to control subjects. Definite hypolactasia was also observed in 23% of the children with CF. Uptake of lysine was normal in CF patients whereas that of phenylalanine and cycloleucine was reduced as compared to control subjects. This study suggests an intestinal component to the malabsorption of patients with CF. PMID- 1249683 TI - Iron deficiency in an Eskimo village. The value of serum ferritin in assessing iron nutrition before and after a three-month period of iron supplementation. AB - The serum ferritin concentration, a new means of assessing iron nutrition, was utilized in conjunction with the hematocrit value, serum iron concentration, and total iron binding capacity to determine the effect of a three-month period of iron supplementation in a group of 146 Eskimo children in Chevak, Alaska. Before treatment, 41% of the children had concentrations of serum ferritin below normal, 18% had a subnormal serum transferrin saturation, and 26% were anemic. After supplementation, only 6% had a subnormal serum ferritin concentration. Despite this evidence of improved iron stores in the group as a whole, the prevalence of low serum transferrin saturation and of anemia remained high, 15% and 17%, respectively. These results could be explained by a high incidence of infection, which, like iron deficiency, is associated with anemia and a low serum transferrin saturation. We conclude that the serum ferritin determination reflected an improvement in iron nutrition that was not as readily apparent by other measurements, and that factors other than iron deficiency also played an important role in the mild anemia that was prevalent in Chevak. PMID- 1249684 TI - Beta-methylcrotonic aciduria associated with lactic acidosis. AB - A patient is described in whom lactic acidosis of very severe degree was found to coincide with the presence of beta-methylcrotonic acid and rho hydroxyphenyllactic acid in urine in large amounts, while beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid was found to be a relatively minor excretion product. Beta-methylcrotonic acid is demonstrated, for the first time, to be present in blood and CSF. These findings are discussed in relation to the patients previously reported to have beta-methylcrotonylglycinuria and raise the possibility that our patient's organic aciduria may be secondary to acquired disease rather than to an inborn error of metabolism. PMID- 1249685 TI - Familial hepatic venoocclusive disease with probable immune deficiency. AB - Five infants from three families died between the ages of 2 and 7 months with venocclusive disease of the liver. No dietary, toxic, or other extrinsic cause was uncovered. In one family the first infant was breast-fed; the second one received no breast milk. In two of the families the parents were cousins. All infants had some evidence of immune deficiency, including hypogammaglobulinemia in at least three, multiple infections especially Pnumocystis carnii and enteroviruses, and lymphoid tissues devoid of germinal centers and mature plasma cells. Other findings in some of the infants, not previously recorded in venoocclusive disease, were microcephaly, multiple small cerebral softening, and left atrial endocardial fibrosis. A congenital cause for venoocclusive disease is suggested in these cases. PMID- 1249686 TI - The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. Report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome includes short stature, characteristic facies, and a slowly progressive skeletal dysplasia which affects skull, spine, and long bones. Two patients with this syndrome are presented. In the first patient the most distinctive skeletal feature, acro-osteolysis, was shown to be absent at age 6 years but was present at age 11 years. Diagnosis was made in the second case in the absence of acroosteolysis because of otherwise typical findings. Abnormalities affecting vision, hearing, and dentition occur and these, along with the other characteristic physical and radiographic features of the syndrome, should enable diagnosis prior to the onset of acro-osteolysis. PMID- 1249687 TI - Hemolytic anemia due to anti-B in antihemophiliac factor concentrates. PMID- 1249688 TI - Severe salt poisoning in an infant. PMID- 1249689 TI - Laryngeal obstruction in children sarcoidosis. PMID- 1249690 TI - Retinopathy in juvenile dermatomyositis. PMID- 1249691 TI - Shock following intravenous pyelography in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 1249692 TI - The Noonan syndrome with intestinal lymphangiectasia. PMID- 1249693 TI - Commentary: On the use of pitressin in infants with neurogenic diabetes insipidue. PMID- 1249694 TI - Rocking waterbeds and auditory stimuli to enhance growth of preterm infants. Preliminary report. AB - In this study certain features of intrauterine environment were stimulated. Preterm infants were placed on waterbeds, gently rocked, and exposed to auditory stimuli. The stimulated group exhibited significantly better growth for weight, head circumference, and biparietal diameter of the head than did the control infants. Healthy preterm infants placed on rocking waterbeds and exposed to auditory stimuli had growth characteristics comparable to fetuses during the thirty-second to the thirty-sixth week of gestation. PMID- 1249695 TI - Bach, Beethoven, or rock-and how much? PMID- 1249696 TI - A danger of haloperidol therapy in children. AB - Attention is directed to the potential danger of therapy with haloperidol in children. Its value in reducing the excessive movements of Sydenham chorea must be weighed against the usual tendency of this disorder to remit spontaneously and the occasional tendency of the drug to cause castastropic adverse reaction PMID- 1249697 TI - Cholestyramine treatment of pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 1249698 TI - "Pulse" methylprednisolone therapy in the treatment of severe glomerulonephritis. AB - Eight patients with severe glomerulonephritis and an average inulin clearance of 21.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface were treated with high-dosage intravenous methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg given over a one-hour period on each of six alternate days. The mean inulin clearance rate doubled after this "pulse" therapy. In the six patients treated early in the course of their disease, GFR increased to a mean of 100.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 during the follow-up period extending for up to three years and was accompanied by clinical improvement. These observations suggest that "pulse" methylprednisolone may be beneficial in treating some patients with potentially life-threatening severe glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1249699 TI - Commentary: An appraisal of tobramycin usage in pediatrics. AB - Tobramycin is a newly marketed aminoglycoside which closely resembles gentamicin in antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and toxicity. It is somewhat more active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than is gentamicin and may have a lower ototoxic potential. Tobramycin should be considered a limited-purpose drug for pediatric patients until greater clinical experience has been gained. At the present time the major indication for its use is for treatment of infections caused by coliforms or pseudomonas resistant to kanamycin and gentamicin. Demonstration of in vitro susceptibility is mandatory because resistance to tobramycin and the other aminoglycosides may be mediated by the same episome (R-factor). The recommended dosage is 2 mg/kg every 12 hours (4 mg/kg/day) intramuscularly or as a two-hour intravenous infusion to neonates, with the possible exception of full-term infants over seven days of age who may require administration every eight hours. Beyond the neonatal period, the dosage should be 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg every eight hours (3 to 4.5 mg/kg/day). Larger dosages may be required for treatment of meningitis, but presently there is no information on which to base a recommendation. Neither is there experience with intrathecal use in infants. It is desirable to monitor tobramycin serum concentration to be certain that peak values are within the therapeutic range of 3 to 8 mug/ml. Dosage must be reduced in patients with impaired renal function and monitoring of serum concentrations is imperative. All patients should be evaluated for evidence of renal and eighth nerve toxicity. PMID- 1249701 TI - Proteinuria and hematuria in schoolchildren: epidemiology and early natural history. AB - Over the past several decades screening for disease in large asymptomatic populations has increased, culminating most recently with a federal mandate for early, periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment of all children from low income families. The present study of five consecutive examinations in over 12,000 schoolchildren shows the cumulative occurrence of proteinuria and hematuria to be surprisingly high (greater than 6%). Comparison of this large number of children with the few individuals in whom death occurs from chronic renal disease annually (less than 0.03%) suggests that the vast majority of these children with urinary abnormalities have either no renal disease or at most a self-limited condition. Observation of 512 children with proteinuria and 78 with hematuria for one to five years after initial detection and referral to their physician or clinic provides a measure of both contemporary management and early natural history. These observations suggest that there is a need to question the overall effectiveness of urinary screening and that early inclusion of roentgenographic and urologic investigations in management seems unwarranted. Rather, these children should be followed for long periods of time. Additional investigations are indicated when worsening of the abnormal findings or other evidence of renal or systemic disease occurs. If routine urinary screening is performed, it should be as one aspect of a multiphasic program by the primary physician so that it can be coupled with a clearly defined plan for follow-up and management of subjects with abnormal findings. PMID- 1249700 TI - Emotional adjustment of adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis. AB - Twenty-seven adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis were studied to evaluate the phychological impact of this chronic illness. At first glance, most patients appeared to function adequately on a daily basis. However, four sources of psychological stress, leading to emotional disturbance, were identified: altered physical appearance causing distorted body images and denial of sexuality, strained interpersonal relationships resulting in isolation and mental strain, conflicts in upbringing, and increased awareness of the future and of death. Guidelines for the physician treating these young adults and their families include: (1) encouragement for greater involvement by the patient's father; (2) assisting the mother to find outside interests and to allow more independence to the patient; (3) stressing communication about cystic fibrosis within the home; (4) emphasizing outside activity for each patient; (5) repeated discussions of the patient's concerns while emphasizing his strengths; (6) anticipation of problems, specific to cystic fibrosis, such as sterility in males; and (7) encouragement of interpatient communication. PMID- 1249702 TI - Letter: Factor VIII inhibitor following surgery for epidural hemorrhage in hemophilia: successful therapy with a concentrate containing factors II, VII, IX, and X. PMID- 1249703 TI - Letter: Intussusception and nutritional status. PMID- 1249704 TI - Letter: Behavior of the complement system in the nephropathy of congenital syphilis. PMID- 1249705 TI - Letter: A possible relationship of nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (organoid nevus) to childhood malignancies. PMID- 1249706 TI - Letter: Diagnostic value of scintigraphy of liver in hydatid disease in children. PMID- 1249707 TI - Letter: Malarial prophylaxis for pregnant women. PMID- 1249708 TI - Letter: Hearing loss in Noonan syndrome. PMID- 1249709 TI - Letter: Chronic versus intermittent phenobarbital therapy. PMID- 1249710 TI - Letter: Twinning and cleft lip and/or palate. PMID- 1249711 TI - Letter: Cerebral abscesses in amebiasis. PMID- 1249712 TI - Letter: Renal venous thrombosis-another cause of acute renal failure following cardiac surgery in infancy. PMID- 1249714 TI - Letter: Heterochromia and Horner syndrome with neuroblastoma. PMID- 1249713 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnois of chromosomal mosaicism. PMID- 1249715 TI - Editorial: Treatment of hemophilic children who have factor VIII inhibitors. PMID- 1249716 TI - Editorial: Screening for renal diseases. PMID- 1249717 TI - Studies of the contractility of mammalian myocardium at low rates of stimulation. AB - 1. Measurements have been made of tension development in papillary muscles isolated from the right ventricles of young cats. In some cases membrane potentials have also been recorded, using micro electrodes. 2. Regular contractions at a stimulation rate of 20 min(-1) (the 'standard' rate used in this study) had the following characteristics (30 degrees C): peak tension developed, about 43mN mm(-2); time to peak tension and time to 80% repolarization of the cell membrane, about 400 ms. 3. The corresponding figures for the first contraction after a rest of several minutes (rested state contraction) were: tension developed, about 4mN mm(-2); time to peak tension and time to 80% repolarization of the cell membrane, about 560 ms. Sometimes there was also an early peak in the mechanical response, about 250 ms after stimulation. 4. The time course with which tension development declined when the muscle was allowed to rest was examined under various conditions. It was found to decline more slowly when the muscle was potentiated by raising the bathing Ca2+ concentration and by stimulation at rates above 20 min(-1). 5. Tension development in rested state contractions was found to depend on the Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations in the bathing solution. The full effect of a change in either could be produced by exposing the resting muscle to the altered ionic conditions. 6. These experimental findings have been interpreted in terms of a simple model of the calcium movements involved in excitation-contraction coupling in the myocardial cell. PMID- 1249718 TI - Proceedings: Some properties of the blue cone mechanism of the eye. PMID- 1249719 TI - Activation and inhibition of the lateral hypothalamic neurones elicited by medial forebrain bundle stimulation. AB - 1. Single neurone discharges were recorded from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) at the level of the ventromedial nucleus. Single stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at the level of the mesodiencephalic junction elicited a strong inhibition lasting for 100-300 msec in these neurones. 2. However, by the use of multiple stimulating electrodes, it was possible to find a circumscribed locus in the MFB which gave rise to an initial activation of firing discharges with a latency of 1-15 msec (in different neurones) preceding the period of inhibition. 3. One class of the LH neurones was antidromically activated, and was thought to give off axons into the descending MFB. The other was activated orthodromically through a highly efficient synaptic connexion, and was viewed as 'relay' neurones of the ascending MFB. 4. Although the former could also be activated orthodromically, the efficacy of driving was distinctly lower than that observed in the latter. Presumably they integrate the messages from the visceral centres of the medulla and pons, thus participating in the viscero-motor outflow from the hypothalamus. 5. Intracellularly recorded spike potentials of these neurones deteriorated rapidly leaving only hyperpolarization which corresponded in its time course to the suppression of extracellular spike discharges following MFB stimulation. It was suggested that the inhibition was elicited via recurrent routes localized within the hypothalamus. PMID- 1249720 TI - Proceedings: Relation between blood levels of cortisol and duration of human labour. PMID- 1249722 TI - Proceedings: Transplacental total and ionic calcium gradients in conscious sheep. PMID- 1249721 TI - A voltage-sensitive persistent calcium conductance in neuronal somata of Helix. AB - 1. An intracellular voltage clamp in conjunction with a patch pipette utilizing feed-back to monitor local current from the soma membrane were used to analyse transient and stationary currents in bursting pacemaker neurones in Helix pomatia and H. levantina. 2. A weak, net inward current flows during small (less than or equal 20 mV) depolarizations. This current exhibits slow activation kinetics, persistence during prolonged depolarization, and slow turning off at end of depolarization. Consequently, the steady-state current-voltage curve exhibits a region of negative resistance from about -55 to -35 mV. 3. The slow inward current and the negative resistance characteristic are rapidly and completely abolished by substitution of Co2+ or La3+ for Ca2+ and are partially blocked by the Ca-blocking drug D-600. Substitution of Tris or glucose for Na+ significantly reduces the inward current only after 15-20 min exposure, recovery being equally slow. 4. The inward current and the negative resistance characteristic of the I-V curve are greatly enhanced by Ba2+ substitution for Ca2+. This is ascribed in part to Ba2+ carrying current through the slow inward current channels and in part to a suppression of the late K+ current by Ba2+. 5. The inward current is also present in many non-bursting neurones but fails to appear as a net inward current due to short circuiting by a leakage current or by the delayed potassium current. In these cells the slow inward current contributes to inward going rectification. Replacement of Ca2+ with Ba2+ enhances the current so as to produce a net inward current during small depolarizations in these neurones. 6. It is concluded that the slow inward current is carried primarily by Ca2+ in the soma membrane of bursting pace-maker neurones and a number of non-bursting cells examined in the parietal ganglion of Helix. 7. The sensitivity to small depolarizations and persistence during prolonged depolarization suggests two roles for the Ca system in the generation of slow pace-maker oscillations. In this model the Ca system contributes to the slow depolarization which constitutes the onset of the pace-maker wave, and also contributes to the increment in [Ca] in which activates the Ca-sensitive K+ conductance responsible for repolarization. The inhibition of spontaneous bursting by Ca-blocking agents supports this model. PMID- 1249723 TI - Proceedings: The effects of adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy in the foetal lamb. PMID- 1249724 TI - Effects of isopropylnoradrenaline on tachyphylaxis of gastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in the anaesthetized cat. AB - 1. Gastric acid and mucosal blood flow responses to sustained gastrin stimulation were studied in anaesthetized cats. 2. Acid and mucosal blood flow showed identical rates of tachyphylaxis to both large (maximal) and small doses of gastrin. 3. Isopropylnoradrenaline infused either intravenously or close arterially to the stomach produced increases in blood flow unrelated to time following the peak response to large doses of gastrin, whereas increases in acid secretion appeared to be a part removal of the acid tachyphylaxis. 4. During stimulation by small doses of gastrin, isopropylnoradrenaline increased both blood flow and acid secretion above the peak responses to gastrin alone. 5. Increases in gastrin stimulated acid and mucosal blood flow were also produced by expansion of the blood volume by dextran-saline infusions. 6. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed. 7. It is concluded that tachyphylaxis of gastric acid secretion to gastrin may be a function of the primary tachyphylaxis of mucosal blood flow. PMID- 1249725 TI - Proceedings: Permeability of sheep placenta to unmetabolized polar non electrolytes. PMID- 1249726 TI - Proceedings: Electrophysiology of endocrine sex. PMID- 1249727 TI - Proceedings: Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the rat amygdaloid complex. PMID- 1249728 TI - Proceedings: The use of a digital computer in the study of neuronal properties in the visual system. PMID- 1249729 TI - Proceedings: Electrophysiological evidence for axon collaterals in the tuberoinfundibular system of the rat. PMID- 1249730 TI - Involvement of uptake2 in the termination of activity of neurogenic noradrenaline in the rat isolated atrium. AB - 1. An examination has been made of the relative effect of drugs which affect Uptake1 and Uptake2 on the mechanical responses to adrenergic nervous stimulation (0-5-5 Hz for 5 sec) in rat isolated atrium. 2. Inhibition of Uptake1 with desmethylimipramine (2 muM) prolonged by 50-90% the time taken for recovery of normal heart rate after a five sec train of nervous stimulation. Inhibition of Uptake2 with metanephrine (4 muM) prolonged by 20-40% the time taken for recovery of normal heart rate. 3. Neither desmethylimipramine nor metanephrine had any consistent effect on the time course of the inotropic response to stimulation or on the amplitudes of either inotropic or chronotropic responses. 4. After administration of desmethylimipramine, metanephrine had a somewhat greater effect on chronotropic responses than when given alone. After administration of metanephrine, desmethylimipramine still further prolonged chronotropic responses to low frequency stimulation (0-5, 1 Hz) but had no effect at 5 Hz. These results agree with the known affinities of each uptake process for different concentrations of noradrenaline in the rat heart. 5. It is concluded that both Uptake1 and Uptake2 participate in the termination of physiological activity of neurogenic noradrenaline in rat isolated atrium even at low frequencies of nervous activation. 6. No evidence was obtained to indicate that manipulation of circulating oestrogen levels by oophorectomy and oestrogen-priming of female rats had any effect of the efficiency of the cardiac Uptake2 process. PMID- 1249731 TI - Interaction between the effects of spinal heating and cooling and of injections into a lateral cerebral ventricle of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and carbachol on thermoregulation in sheep. AB - 1. A study has been made of the interactions of the thermoregulatory effects of spinal cord heating and cooling and of the injections into the cerebral ventricle of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and carbamylcholine in sheep. 2. The interactions of spinal cord heating and the injections into the cerebral ventricle of noradrenaline, 5-HT and carbamylcholine were very similar to those of hypothalamic heating or of high ambient temperature and the injections into the cerebral ventricle of these substances. These results are interpreted as evidence of the synaptic convergence of the pathways from peripheral, spinal cord and hypothalamic warm-sensors at or before the points of action of these synaptically active substances. 3. The only definite thermoregulatory effect of spinal cooling was the onset of shivering which could be due to a purely spinal effect of cold. No substantial evidence was obtained of an interaction between spinal cooling and an injection of noradrenaline, 5-HT or carbamylcholine into the cerebral ventricle. Thus there was no clear indication of centripetal pathways from spinal cold sensors converging with those from the skin and the hypothalamus for which evidence of convergence was obtained in an earlier study. 4. The results of this study are expressed in terms of the neuronal model of Bligh, Cottle & Maskrey (1971) and Maskrey & Bligh (1971), appropriately modified. PMID- 1249732 TI - Proceedings: Respiration and metabolic compartmentation in brain slices from a glia-deficient mutant, the Jimpy mouse. PMID- 1249733 TI - Proceedings: Development of slow and fast muscles in chick embryos. PMID- 1249734 TI - Proceedings: The effect of lesions in the internal capsule and the sensorimotor cortex on servo action in the human thumb. PMID- 1249735 TI - Proceedings: Strychnine-sensitive Renshaw cell inhibition of group 1A excited inhibitory interneurones. PMID- 1249736 TI - Proceedings: Endocrine responses to hypoxia in the conscious calf. PMID- 1249737 TI - Proceedings: The release of catecholamines from perfused canine adrenal glands by corticosteroids. PMID- 1249738 TI - Proceedings: The effect of alarm on the spontaneous activity of neurones in the cerebral cortex of the unrestrained cat. PMID- 1249739 TI - Proceedings: Slow waves in neural records. PMID- 1249740 TI - Proceedings: Effects of cholinergic drugs on catechol evoked convulsions. PMID- 1249742 TI - Proceedings:Simultaneous measurement of local plasma exudation and blood flow changes induced by intradermal injection of vasoactive substances, using [131I]albumen and 133Xe. PMID- 1249743 TI - Proceedings: The effect of low-sodium solution and lanthanum on the sodium activity of crab muscle fibres. PMID- 1249741 TI - An analysis of the action of cations of the lanthanide series on the mechanical responses of guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscle. AB - 1. The inhibitory effects of lanthanide cations (Ln3+) on mechanical responses and 45Ca uptake in guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle were studied. 2. Ln3+ strongly inhibited the phasic and tonic component of the response to the muscarinic agonist cis-2-methyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-1,3-dioxolane methiodide (CD) the two components being affected to the same extent. Inhibition was also obtained for the responses evoked by high K+ but here the effect was mainly on the phasic response, the tonic component was merely delayed. 3. Other members of the Ln3+ series, with the exception of cerium, were found to be more effective than lanthanum in their ability to inhibit the CD response. Thulium, Tm3+, the thirteenth member of the series was the most effective cation. 4. Analysis of 170Tm uptake revealed at least two components. The concentration-dependence of one component, saturating at 2-5 x 10(-6) Tm, corresponded closely to that of the inhibitory effect of Tm3+ on contraction. 5. 170Tm uptake as a function of time showed a secondary rise after 30 min of exposure to the lanthanide. 6. Although 2 5 x 10(-6) M-Tm3+ produced 90% inhibition of the CD and the high K+ induced responses significant reduction of 45Ca uptake by the muscle was only detected when much higher Tm3+ concentrations (greater than or equal 10(-3) M-Tm3+) were used. 7. It is concluded that Ln3+ combine with membrane sites specifically involved in Ca2+ translocation during excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 1249744 TI - Proceedings: Dose-response curves with labelled sodium and labelled decamethonium in rat muscle. PMID- 1249745 TI - Proceedings: The effects of ouabain on interval duration relationships in sheep Purkinje fibres. PMID- 1249746 TI - Proceedings: Factors affecting the time course of decay of excitatory post synaptic currents at a glutamate synapse. PMID- 1249747 TI - Proceedings: A hand-held device for the rapid production of thin slices of fresh tissue. PMID- 1249748 TI - Proceedings: The effects of non-transportable competitive inhibitors of sugar transfer on the short-circuit current of the rat everted small intestine. PMID- 1249749 TI - Proceedings: The effect of hypothermia on the circulation of the rat. PMID- 1249750 TI - Proceedings: Effects of nasal stimulation on the small intestinal vasculature of the anaesthetized cat. PMID- 1249751 TI - Proceedings: Cardiac output changes during carotid sinus baroreceptors reflux in the rabbit. PMID- 1249753 TI - Proceedings: Interactions between cardiac reflexes from the lungs and those elicited from the carotid bodies and larynx in the dog. PMID- 1249752 TI - The effects of lanthanum and thulium on the mechanical responses of rat vas deferens. AB - 1. The contractile responses of rat vas deferens to noradrenaline and K+ are composed of phasic and tonic components both of which are dependent upon the concentration of extracellular Ca2+. 2. Lanthanum, La3+, and thulium ions, Tm3+, inhibited the noradrenaline and K+ induced responses, complete inhibition being obtained at approximately 10(-3) M-Ln3+. 3. La3+ and Tm3+ were equally effective in inhibiting noradrenaline and K+ responses. The phasic and tonic components of the noradrenaline response were equally sensitive to lanthanide cations, Ln3+, but the phasic component of the K+ response was more sensitive than the tonic component. 4. 170Tm binding did not show any saturable component over the concentration range in which inhibition of the pharmacological response was obtained. 5. It is suggested that the actions of Ln3+ in the rat vas deferens are mediated through some kind of membrane stabilization rather than via a specific Ca2+ binding site concerned with excitation-contraction coupling, the mechanism previously postulated for the Ln3+ action in guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscle. PMID- 1249754 TI - Proceedings: Multi-terminal afferent fibres from the thoracic viscera in sympathetic rami communicantes of cats and dogs. PMID- 1249755 TI - Proceedings: The effects of some airway irritant reflexes upon mucus secretion from the trachea. PMID- 1249756 TI - Proceedings: A possible bioassay for the humoral agent responsible for the diuresis from atrial receptors. PMID- 1249757 TI - Proceedings: Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate during prolonged epileptic seizures in rats. PMID- 1249758 TI - Proceedings: Tonic diencephalic inhibition of the cardiac vagal centre in the cat. PMID- 1249760 TI - Proceedings: Effects of histamine on ionic distribution in bovine tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 1249759 TI - The formation of synapses between chick embryo skeletal muscle and ciliary ganglia grown in vitro. AB - 1. Chick embryo ciliary ganglia (explanted) and skeletal muscle (dissociated) were grown together in vitro for up to 3 weeks. Nerve processes sprouted from the ganglia and contacted neighbouring myotubes and striated muscle fibres. 2. Spontaneous action potentials and subthreshold e.p.p.s. were recorded from muscle fibres with intracellular micropipettes. Similar potentials could be evoked by electrical stimulation of the ganglion. The pharmacological effects of curare and tetrodotoxin were identical to those observed at adult vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. 3. The amplitude, but not the frequency, of the spontaneous potentials was affected by changing the muscle fibre membrane potential. The reversal potential of evoked synaptic potentials occurred at a membrane potential of about 0 mV. PMID- 1249761 TI - Proceedings: Effects of ions and temperature on the efflux of orthophosphate from rabbit vagus nerve fibres. PMID- 1249762 TI - Proceedings: Properties of sustained-X, transient-Y and transient-X cells in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 1249763 TI - Proceedings: Transient tritanopia: evidence for interaction between colour mechanisms. PMID- 1249764 TI - Proceedings: Interaction in the human visual system between sinusoidal gratings of harmonically related spatial frequencies. PMID- 1249765 TI - Proceedings: Periodicity in complex cell responses. PMID- 1249766 TI - Proceedings: The representation of the horizontal meridian in visual areas II and III of the cat. PMID- 1249767 TI - Proceedings: Inhibition of transmission through the spinocervical tract from localized areas of the sensorimotor cortex. PMID- 1249768 TI - Proceedings: Selective inhibition of dorsal horn neurones in the cat. PMID- 1249769 TI - Proceedings: The effect of reducing dietary nitrogen and of infusing urea on glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in sheep. PMID- 1249770 TI - Proceedings: Physiological gustatory sweating. PMID- 1249771 TI - Functional and non-functional contacts between ciliary neurones and muscle grown in vitro. AB - 1. In cultures of chick embryo skeletal muscle and ciliary ganglia, muscle fibres near a ganglion were contacted by many individual nerve processes. Experiments were performed to determine if these muscle fibres were multiply innervated, and if any of the nerve-muscle contacts were non-synaptic. 2. Synaptic potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of a ganglion were graded with stimulus strength. When two ganglia were plated near each other, synaptic potentials could be evoked in some muscle fibres by stimulation of either ganglion. These observations suggest that muscle fibres were multiply innervated. 3. Spontaneous synaptic potentials recorded from single muscle fibres with two widely spaced micropipettes varied in a manner which suggested that the synapses were distributed at different points on the surface of the muscle fibres. 4. Stimulation of some nerve processes failed to evoke synaptic potentials in muscle fibres contacted by those processes. Such nerve-muscle contacts were not strongly adhesive, and the nerves were peeled easily from the surface of the muscle with a micropipette. On the other hand, nerve processes which formed synaptic contacts with muscle fibres seemed to be tightly adherent to the muscle. 5. Electron microscopic observations of nerve-muscle contacts revealed that the vast majority of such contacts lacked morphological specializations characteristic of mature neuromuscular synapses. PMID- 1249772 TI - Proceedings: Effect of actively transported hexoses on afferent nerve discharge from rat small intestine in vivo. PMID- 1249773 TI - Proceedings: The rumen as a reservoir during dehydration and rehydration in the camel. PMID- 1249774 TI - Proceedings: The measurement of gastric emptying in pigs by a double marker technique. PMID- 1249775 TI - Proceedings: Interaction of duodenal and antral activity in sheep and dogs. PMID- 1249776 TI - Proceedings: A double chamber for the perfusion of an inflammatory lesion in sheep. PMID- 1249777 TI - Proceedings: A double-barrelled Na+-sensitive micro-electrode. PMID- 1249778 TI - Proceedings: Effects of infusion of volatile fatty acids into the rumen on insulin release in sheep. PMID- 1249779 TI - Proceedings: The relationship between plasma angiotensin II concentrations and fluid transport by rat jejunum in vivo. PMID- 1249780 TI - Proceedings: Enhanced fluid transfer by the gall-bladder following intravesicular pressure changes induced by spasmogens. PMID- 1249781 TI - Ionic fluxes in rat uterine smooth muscle. AB - 1. The K+, Na+ and Cl-fluxes from the oestrogen-stimulated rat uterine smooth muscle were measured using radioactive tracers. 2. The cellular compartment contained a concentration of K+ of 173-6 mM which exchanged at a rate of 5-9 x 10(-12) mol.cm-2.sec-1. 3. Cl- exchanged at a rate of 6-9 x 10(-12) mol.cm-2.sec 1 from a cellular compartment having a concentration of 39-3 mM. 4. The methods used for the evaluation of Na+ movements over-estimate both influx and efflux values. If an average value of flux of 9-2 x 10(-12) mol.cm-2.sec-1 is considered we obtain PNa+/PK+ ratios of 2-4 (-42 mV) or 1-3 (-57-6 mV), which are too high and do not correspond to electrophysiological evidence. 5. The relative permeabilities PCl-/PK+ in the case of a membrane potential of -42-0 mV could be 0-8, or 1-3 in the case of a membrane potential of -57-6 mV. 6. Both conductances GK+ and GCl- seem to play an important role in determining membrane conductance. PMID- 1249782 TI - The effects of corticosterone and cortisone on the uptake of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the transmission of immunoglobulin G by the small intestine in young rats. AB - 1. The distribution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone along the intestinal lumen and in the intestinal wall, following oral administration to normal and corticosterone treated rats, was found to be extremely variable. Valid comparisons between the two groups of animals could not be made using this technique. 2. Three, 4 and 5 days after corticosterone treatment there was no significant change in the uptake of 125I-labelled polyvinyl pyrrolidone from standard doses injected into ligated segments of the distal small intestine; nor did the treatment induce precocious replacement of the absorptive cells in this region. Cortisone induced precocious cell replacement, a process which took up to 4 days to complete, and also led to a marked reduction in the uptake of 125I-labelled polyvinyl pyrrolidone from ligated segments of the distal intestine. 3. Three days after treatment with corticosterone (5 mg I.P. at 12 days) there was a marked reduction of labelled immunoglobulin G transport into the blood. Four and 5 days after treatment there was some recovery of the immunoglobulin G transport function. Three days after treatment with cortisone (5 mg I.P. at 12 days) there was closure of the gut to labelled immunoglobulin G. 4. The relevance of these results to antibody transmission and the termination of immunoglobulin transport is discussed. PMID- 1249783 TI - Visual identification of two kinds of nerve cells and their synaptic contacts in a living autonomic ganglion of the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). AB - 1. Many of the nerve cells comprising the cardiac parasympathetic ganglion of the mudpuppy are spread out in a thin, transparent sheet of tissue, enabling one to see cellular details in living preparations with differential interference contrast optics. The aim of this study was twofold: to establish the morphology of the nerve cells and their synaptic connections by light and electron microscopy, and to determine which aspects of the ganglion's structure could be reliably identified in the living tissue. 2. There are two types of neurones in the ganglion: (a) principal cells that send post-ganglionic axons to cardiac muscle fibres, and (b) interneurones whose processes are confined to the ganglion. 3. Interneurones are distinguished from principal cells by the presence of numerous granular vesicles seen with the electron microscope, and by intense formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. The interneurones are thus similar to catecholamine-containing interneurones in autonomic ganglia of other vertebrates. 4. Principal cells are innervated by processes that terminate mainly on the cell body, forming up to forty-five synaptic boutons and covering, on the average, 5% of the perikaryal surface. The synaptic terminals are derived from three sources: (a) axons from the vagus nerves, (b) interneurones and (c) other principal cells. Vagal terminals contacting principal cells contain agranular vesicles typical of preganglionic cholinergic endings. At regions of contact between processes of interneurones and principal cells, the interneurones have granular vesicles focused at membrane specializations; in addition there are small areas of close plasma membrane apposition, probably gap junctions. Some of the contacts between principal cells are characterized by gap junctions; others are structurally similar to vagal endings but persist after vagal degeneration. 6. Interneurones are innervated by axons that make contact mainly with their processes. The axon terminals on processes of interneurones contain agranular vesicles similar to vagal terminals on principal cells. 7. In live preparations principal cells are distinguished from interneurones by their size and the appearance of their organelles. Synaptic contacts on principal cells could often be identified and, in some cases, large contacts from interneurones or those from other nearby principal cells could be traced back to their cell bodies of origin. The validity of these identifications was confirmed by subsequent electron microscopic examination of the same cells. PMID- 1249784 TI - Muscle responses during sudden falls in man. AB - 1. E.m.g. activity in soleus during an unexpected fall is found to be more complex than that described by Melvill Jones & Watt (1971b). After a silent period of about 80 msec an initial peak of activity lasts until about 100 msec after release. In falls from sufficient heights a second peak of activity occurs before landing. 2. The initial peak of activity is found in muscles throughout the body and is absent during falls in which the subject releases himself. It is suggested that this initial peak is a startle response to release and on landing during the initial peak any deceleration due to tension in the leg muscles is in part coincidental. 3. The second peak of activity is found in muscles of the lower limbs. Its timing is related to the timing of landing. It is suggested that this is the activity concerned in thhe voluntary control of landing. 4. No initial peak of activity could be recorded in two patients with absent labyrinthine function. PMID- 1249785 TI - Increase by visual stimuli in turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the superior colliculi of the rabbit. AB - 1. Irregular light falshes were played on to one eye of dark adapted rabbits for periods of 20-80 min. The concentration of 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid (5 HIAA) and of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were estimated in left and right superior colliculi, thalami and hippocampi. 2. In rabbits exposed to such visual stimuli for 30-60 min, there was an increase in the 5-HIAA content of the colliculus contralateral to the stimulated retina which aberaged 17% (P = 0-02), but no rise was seen if the exposure was shortened to 20 or prolonged to 80 min. At no time was there a difference in 5-HIAA content between right and left thalamus or right and left hippocampus. 3. Stationary or strictly repetitive visual stimuli produced no difference between the 5-HIAA content of left and right superior colliculus. 4. No difference in 5-HT concentration between the two colliculi was found after any form of visual stimulation, nor did any changes occur in the other parts of the brain which were examined. 5. Irregular, prolonged visual stimualtion thus appears to activate tryptaminergic neurones terminating in the colliculi. The possibility is discussed that the 5-HT released at this site might act as a brake to neuronal activity under conditions when habituation to the stimuli is not yet complete. PMID- 1249786 TI - Oxygen consumption of the small intestine in normal and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 1249787 TI - The contractile properties of slow muscle fibres in sheep extraocular muscle. AB - 1. The diameters of nerve fibres in the sheep trochlear nerve were measured and they fell into two distinct groups. 2. Selective stimulation of the small diameter group of nerve fibres gave rise to a slow contraction of the superior oblique muscle which was attributed to multiply innervated muscle fibres. 3. The slow fibre contraction following a single stimulus to the small diameter nerves had a rise time of 20-50 msec and was 150-980 mg in size. On repetitive stimulation, a maximum slow fibre contraction was developed at 120-140 Hz, and maximum velocity of tension development at 170-200 Hz. 4. The maximum slow fibre tetanic tension was 7-0-12-3 g, which amounted to 5-3% of the whole muscle tetanic tension, while the maximum contracture following an injection of suxamethonium was 7% of the whole muscle tetanic tension. 5. The slow fibres were very resistant to fatigue and their contraction increased the resistance of the muscle to stretching. 6. Discrepancies from earlier work and the possible significance of the slow fibres are discussed. PMID- 1249788 TI - Cancer as a community problem. PMID- 1249789 TI - The axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer. PMID- 1249790 TI - A method of ward phlebography. PMID- 1249791 TI - The off-duty arrangements of general practitioners in four European countries. AB - Continuity of care has been regarded as an essential feature of good general practice. It may be jeopardised by many diverse factors such as the mobility of the population, a shortage of family doctors, and by some forms of group practice. A shorter working week which many doctors enjoy or anticipate is another threat to continuity as it increases the time off duty and leads to the frequent use of rotas and deputising services.Criticism of the off-duty arrangements of family doctors has been made not only in the United Kingdom, but also elsewhere in Northern Europe. A study of the systems used or planned in four different countries is described and compared with some of the deputising arrangements commonly used in the United Kingdom.Research is required to elucidate whether continuity is fundamental to good medical care and how it can be achieved, bearing in mind the needs of both patient and doctor. PMID- 1249792 TI - Editorial: Out-of-hours work. PMID- 1249794 TI - Seeing the same doctor. AB - It is not known how many general practices are organised so that patients usually see the same doctor (separate list practice) or how many are arranged so that patients are encouraged to see any partner (combined list practice).A survey was carried out in Wiltshire which obtained an 85 per cent response to a questionnaire. This showed that a majority of general practitioners working in partnership in Wiltshire no longer organise their practices so that they care for a defined list of patients. PMID- 1249793 TI - Deputising services in Denmark--some implications for Great Britain. AB - In Denmark charges for home visits were abolished in April 1973. This paper analyses how this change affected the number of consultations undertaken by the deputising service in one Danish town and how the increase in consultations was distributed in time and place in a sample of individual families. It also describes how, in comparison with the deputising services sponsored by the British Medical Association in Great Britain, the more widely-used Danish deputising services operate. PMID- 1249795 TI - The work of an accident and emergency department. AB - In a six month period 2,379 new patients were treated in a designated major accident centre. Of these cases two thirds (67.9 per cent) were thought to be appropriate for management by general practitioners. I suggest that these cases are properly treated in an accident and emergency department and that these departments should be developed as part of the primary health care teams. PMID- 1249796 TI - Night calls in a group practice. AB - All the night calls attended in 1974 by seven doctors in a group practice were analysed. Each call was classified by the doctor attending, into categories of urgency.Half of all the night calls were found to be genuine emergencies, and only seven per cent were judged to be totally unnecessary. PMID- 1249797 TI - Emergency call service. AB - Of 153 home visits I made when employed by an emergency call service only 21 (14 per cent) were in my opinion medically essential. Thirty two (21 per cent) patients had no symptoms when visited. A nocturnal visiting fee payable by the patient is suggested to reduce unnecessary requests. PMID- 1249798 TI - Greek doctors' attitudes to mental illness. PMID- 1249799 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of 1,omega-diaryl-l,omega-alkanediamines related to the fibrinolytic bis(tetrahydroisoquinolines) and bis(benzylamines). AB - Since the previously investigated bis(tetrahydroisoquinolines) 1 and bis(benzylamines) 2 may be classified as 1,omega-diaryl-1,omega-alkanediamines, it appeared worthwhile to examine this structural concept as a guideline for predicting significant fibrinolytic activity. The prototype bis compounds 7, 14, 15, and 29-31, which were synthesized for this purpose, incorporate such molecular modifications as replacement of the tetrahydroisoquinoline nuclei of series 1 with tetrahydrobenzazepine (7) and tetrahydropyridoindole (14-15) nuclei. The latter compounds, as well as 29-31 which possess features common to both series 1 and 2, showed good to moderate activity in the standard rat (ip) screen. Significant departures from the 1,omega-diaryl-1,omega-alkanediamine structural concept led to compounds (35 and 40) of weak to moderate activity. PMID- 1249800 TI - Basic derivatives of 6,7-dihydroindolo(1,7-ab)(1) benzazepine and 6H-indolo(7,1 cd)(1,5) benzoxazepine as potential antidepressant agents. AB - Basic derivatives of 6,7-dihydroindolo[1,7-ab][1]benzazepine and 6H-indolo[7,1 cd][1,5]benzoxazepine incorporating the imipramine basic side chain were synthesized and screened for antidepressant activity in mice. With few exceptions, the compounds unsubstituted at C-2 antagonized reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia showing negligible anticholinergic and antihistaminic properties. The compound 1-[2-(N-methyl-N-benzylamino)ethyl]-6,7 dihydroindolo[1,7-ab][1]benzazepine had the highest toxicity-activity ratio. PMID- 1249801 TI - Preparation and in vitro antifungal activities of some quinolizidine derived hemiaminals and beta-tert-amino sulfides. AB - New alpha-thiohemiaminals, 7alpha-phenylthio-7-epideoxynupharidin-6-ol, the diasteriomeric 7beta-phenylthiodeoxy-nupharidin-6-ol, and 3-methyl-3-methylthio-4 hydroxyquinolizidine, were prepared and reduced to the corresponding beta-tert amino sulfides. The configuration at C-7 of the beta-tert-amino sulfides was determined by observing the direction of the solvent-induced shift of the C-7 methyl proton resonance. The configuration at C-7 of the new alpha thiohemiaminals was established by correlations with the beta-tert-amino sulfides and confirmed, in the case of the deoxynupharidine derivatives, by circular dichroism and ascertaining the sterochemistry of deuteride incorporation upon sodium borodeuteride reduction of the alpha-thiohemiaminal. The in vitro antifungal activities of six compounds possessing the quinolizidine skeleton, including all the newly synthesized compounds as well as some previously reported ones, and amphotericin B were tested against several human pathogenic fungi. Besides amphotericin B, only the two deoxynupharidine alpha-thiohemiaminals were active, especially against Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. The observations indicate activity is derived from the 3-furyl group and the functionality from which alpha-thioimmonium ions can be produced. PMID- 1249802 TI - Cycloalkanones. 8. Hypocholesterolemic activity of long-chain ketones related to pentadecanone. AB - Aliphatic analogs of 2,8-dibenzylcyclooctanone which includes C15-C18 ketones have been investigated for hypocholesterolemic activity in rats. The position of the carbonyl group in the chain for maximum activity appears to be the 2 position. 2-Hexadecanone reduced serum cholesterol levels significantly without altering serum triglyceride levels. This drug was not estrogenic at effective doses which is in contrast to the cyclooctanones which possess this activity. PMID- 1249803 TI - Hypocholesterolemic activity of 1,3-bis(substituted phenoxy)-2-propanones. AB - A series of 1,3-bis(substituted phenoxy)-2-propanones was found to be active hypocholesterolemic agents at 10 mg/kg/day. The p-chloro- and p-methyl substituted phenoxy compounds possess the highest activity. These compounds did not possess the estrogenic and antifertility activities of the related previously reported derivatives of the bis(beta-phenylethyl) ketone series. The 1,3-bis(p methylphenoxy)-2-propanone (7) also lowered serum triglycerides and glycerol which appeared to be due to increased levels of serum lipase and reduced activity of liver lipase. There was reduced incorporation of free fatty acids into complex lipids by the liver. Cholesterol was excreted faster in the treated animals. PMID- 1249804 TI - Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of five analogs of oxytocin having L-homocysteine in position 6. AB - Five analogs of oxytocin have been synthesized with a homocysteine residue in position 6 and 2-, 3-, or 4-carbon residues in position 1. The compounds, which contain 20-, 21-, and 22-membered disulfide rings, respectively, were [1-alpha mercaptoacetic acid,6-homocysteine]oxytocin, [6-homocysteine]oxytocin, [1-beta mercaptopropionic acid,6-homocysteine]oxytocin, [1,6-homocystine]oxytocin, and [1 gamma-mercaptobutyric acid,6-homocysteine]oxytocin. The appropriate protected polypeptide intermediates were prepared by the solid-phase method of peptide synthesis. The protecting groups were removed by treatment with Na in NH3 and the disulfide bond was formed by oxidation with ICH2CH2I in aqueous MeOH. Purification was effected by partition chromatography followed by gel filtration. The pharmacological activities of all five analogs are reported for the oxytocic, avian vasodepressor, and rat pressor assays. Compared to oxytocin, these analogs exhibited sharply reduced agonist potencies, and several exhibited antagonist acitivty. PMID- 1249805 TI - Synthesis and biological inactivity of some 4alpha,6-cyclo steroids. AB - Two different synthetic routes have been used to synthesize a series of cyclopropyl conjugated ketones in which 4alpha,6-unsaturation replaces the usual 4,5-unsaturation. The synthetic routes involve intramolecular ketocarbene addition to a 5-6 double bond and intramolecular 1,3-elimination of 6beta substituted 5beta-3-keto steroids. Both routes give 5beta products. The analogs of progesterone, testoterone acetate, and norethisterone have been prepared and shown to be remarkably biologically inactive when compared with the corresponding standard. Possible reasons for such inactivity are discussed. PMID- 1249806 TI - Interferon inducing activities of derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-4-(3 dimethylaminopropylamino)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)quinoline and related compounds. AB - Syntheses and interferon inducing acitivites are reported for 137 relatives of 1,3-dimethyl-4-(3-dimethylamino-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline (1). Three different generalized synthetic schemes for the preparation of pyrazolo[3,4 b]quinolines are presented and limitations contrasted. Other heterocyclic nuclei containing the 3-dimethylaminopropylamino side chain include pyridine, quinoline, acridine, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-B][1,8]naphthyridine, pyrazolo[4',3':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, dipyrazolo[3,4-b:4',3'-e]pyridine, pyrrolo-[2,3-b]quinoline, isothiazolo[5,4-b]quinoline, and pyrido[2,3 h]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline. Structural requirements for interferon induction in this series are discussed and two of the more active compounds (172 and 196) are compared directly with tilorone. PMID- 1249807 TI - Antifertility agents. 12. Structure-activity relationship of 3,4 diphenylchromenes and -chromans. AB - Synthesis and antiimplantation activity of variously substituted 2,2-dialkyl-3,4 diphenylchromenes and 3,4-cis- and trans-chromans derived from them are described. Pregnancy-inhibiting activity in rats was exhibited by a number of these compounds, which was particularly marked in the case of 3,4-trans-3-phenyl 4-p-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy)-phenyl-7-methoxychroman (32), the corresponding 2,2 dimethyl analog 34, and 3-phenyl-4-p-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy)phenyl-7 methoxychromene (26). The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 1249809 TI - Synthesis of tetrazole ribonucleosides and their evaluation as antiviral agents. AB - Synthesis of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyltetrazole and two 5-substituted derivatives, i.e., the 5-carboxamide and 5-acetamide, is described. The stereochemical structure of the parent tetrazole ribonucleoside has been established by means of nuclear Overhauser effect and x-ray crystallography. By analogy to the parent compound, the two 5-substituted tetrazole nucleosides are also assigned the beta configuration on the basis of the NMR coupling constant of the anomeric proton and the site of N-ribosylation is determined by 13C NMR studies. Results are also presented on antiviral testing of these synthetic tetrazole nucleosides against influenza A2/Asian/J-305 virus infection in mice. PMID- 1249808 TI - Relationship of molecular structure to in vivo scintigraphic distribution patterns of carbon-11 labeled compounds. 3. (11C)Hydantoins. AB - The preparation and gamma-scintigraphic evaluation of the in vivo distribution patterns in dogs of a series of structurally related hydantoins labeled with the positron emitting, 20.4 min half-life radionuclide, carbon-11 are described. Carbon-11 labeled HCN was collected in water or aqueous Me2SO containing carrier KCN following cyclotron bombardment of 99% N2-1% H2 gas mixture with 22 MeV protons for 1 hr at 25-35 muA. Five 11C-labeled 5,5-dialkylhydantoins, three [11C]diarylhydantoins, five [11C]-5-alkyl-5-phenylhydantoins, and five [11C]spirohydantoins were prepared by heating generally under pressure, a mixture of 11C-labeled KCN, which was produced by isotopic exchange with carrier KCN, the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, and excess (NH4)2CO3 in aqueous ethanol or Me2SO solvent. The 11C-labeled hydantoins were dissolved in 1-1.5% aqueous NaOH for intravenous administration to dogs. Total synthesis time was 70-106 min and 1 59 mCi of final product was available for conducting serial in vivo imaging for up to 2 hr or more with the gamma-scintillation camera. Carbon-11 activity from all compounds showed initial blood-pool distribution with variable concentration of activity in the brain, lungs, liver, and kidney. All of the 11C-labeled diarylhydantoins, and most having one phenyl substituent, and one having a hexamethylene moiety showed initial accumulation of 11C activity in brain. Carbon 11 labeled 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (dilantin) showed the greastest qualitative accumulation of activity in the brain. Those 11C-labeled hydantoins having a carboxyl substituent showed prominent renal concentration and urinary excretion of activity. Most 11-c-labeled hydantoins showed a progressive homogenous whole body distribution of activity in all cellular tissues of the body. The relatively uniform distribution of activity in cellular tissues and slow excretion from the body support the thesis that the pharmacologic action of the hydantoins is related to physical effects on biomembranes rather than to specific chemical interactions with cell constituents. PMID- 1249810 TI - Antiinflammatory activity of some 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-acetic acids and related compounds. AB - A series of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-acetic acids and related compounds was prepared as potential antiinflammatory agents. As measured by the carrageenan induced edema method for the preliminary screening test, introduction of a methyl group alpha to the acetic acid function enhanced the antiinflammatory activity, and alpha-(7-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran)-alpha-methyl-5-acetic acid (13a) showed the most potent activity in this series. PMID- 1249811 TI - Potential antitumor agents. Synthesis of bifunctional alpha-methylene-gamma butyrolactones. AB - A series of alkoxy-substituted di- and monolactones including the (E,E)-3,3' (dioxaalkanediylidene)bis[dihydro-2(3H)-furanones] (17a-f), monolactones 6, 7, 8, 14, and 15, and dilactone 19 was synthesized by reaction of enolate 4 with appropriate alkyl halides (6, 7, 17a-f, 19), tosyl chloride (8), or acid chlorides (14, 15). Reaction of enolate 9 with tosyl chloride gave both Z and E isomers which allowed unequivocal assignment of stereochemistry to 8, 14, and 15. A series of open-chain bis(alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones) (21a-d) was also prepared by a Reformatsky-type reaction between ethyl alpha-(bromomethyl)acrylate and appropriate dialdehydes. These compounds were tested for antitumor activity as part of a study of the influence of beta-substituents and distance between alkylating sites on the antitumor activity of alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones. The testing was carried out in standard NCI screens and selected compounds were tested against the Walker tumor. The alkoxy-substituted lactones were inactive in L1210 and were not cytotoxic. The open-chain bis(alpha-methylene-gamma butyrolactones) showed borderline activity in 9KB and were inactive in L1210. Compound 21a gave a 45% inhibition of the Walker tumor at 18.75 mg/kg and was toxic at 37.5 mg/kg. PMID- 1249812 TI - Potential central nervous system antitumor agents. Aziridinylbenzoquinones. 1. AB - A series of 3,6-substituted 2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinones was prepared as potential CNS antitumor agents. Activity was evaluated in the murine leukemia L1210 system. The diurethane derivative 9 was found to have significant activity in that system as well as in the intraperitoneal P388 and B16 tumor models. Marginal Lewis lung activity was observed. Reproducible activity was seen in the intracerebral L1210 and P388 systems. Multiple cures were observed in the murine ependymoblastoma brain tumor model. The effect of substituent type on aziridinylquinone activity is discussed. PMID- 1249813 TI - Carboxyarylindoles as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. AB - An extensive series of carboxyarylindoles has been evaluated for antiinflammatory activity in the carrageenin paw edema assay. The requirements for optimal antiinflammatory activity in this series are relatively specific: a central pyrrole nucleus with (a) a 3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl moiety substituted directly on the nitrogen, (b) a 2-phenyl group (R2) with a substituent of low electronegativity, (c) absence of a substituent in the 3 position (R3), and (d) a system fused across the 4,5 positions (X), which is lipophilic, quasiplanar, and does not interact sterically with the N-phenyl group. One derivative, 3-(3 carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-benz[e]indole (42), has been selected for further study. PMID- 1249814 TI - Synthesis and some biological activities of the tyrosine-8 analog of substance P. AB - [Tyr8]-substance P, an undecapeptide having the structure Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln Phe-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, has been synthesized by the solid-phase technique on a Beckman automatic peptide synthesizer, appropriately purified and biologically characterized. At twice the dosage, [Tyr8]-substance P showed the same biological activity response as synthetic substance P for stimulation of contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and for decrease in the systemic blood pressure of dogs. On the dog's blood pressure, no qualitative differences were observed, but on the isolated gut, the Tyr8 analog gave a more gradual increase in the muscle tone than synthetic substance P. [Tyr8]-substance P released, in vitro, the luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones at a very high dosage but did not release growth hormone, prolactin, or thyrotropin. PMID- 1249815 TI - Synthetic metabolites of neurohypophyseal hormones. (Des-9-glycinamide)oxytocin and (des-9-glycinamide, des-8-leucine)oxytocin. AB - Syntheses and biological properties are reported for two analogs of oxytocin in which the glycinamide and the leucylglycinamide moiety, respectively, have been deleted from the parent hormone. Both [des-9-glycinamide]oxytocin and [des-9 glycinamide,des-8-leucine]oxytocin are weak agonists in the rat uterotonic and antidiuretic assays but possess no detectable rat pressor activity. In addition, [des-9-glycinamide]oxytocin is an inhibitor of the oxytocin-induced vasodepressor response in fowl but is a potent agonist in the hydroosmotic assay of the toad urinary bladder. PMID- 1249816 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some 3-substituted octahydropyrido(2,1-c)(1,4)oxazines. AB - 3-Phenyloctahydropyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine hydrochloride and the 10R and 10S diastereomers have been synthesized from (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-2 piperidinemethanol. Treatment of 2-piperidinemethanol with alpha bromoacetophenone gave 3-hydroxy-3-phenyloctahydropyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine which was readily converted to the 3-phenyl derivative by catalytic hydrogenolysis. These compounds were shown to possess a depressant action on the CNS which was quantitated in terms of reduction of locomotor activity in mice. Qualitative differences were noted in the central effects of the 3-phenyl compound and its hemiketal derivative. Further, qualitative differences in the effects of the diastereomers of the 3-phenyl compound on locomotor activity of mice were also noted. The results of this study suggest that the octahydropyrido[2,1 c]1,4]oxazine system may provide a useful molecular framework for the construction of agents exhibiting pharmacologically useful actions in the CNS. PMID- 1249817 TI - Synthesis of N-hydroxythiourea. AB - The synthesis of the title compound (1) was accomplished by the conversion of 2,4 dimethoxybenzylamine (2) into an isothiocyanate (3) using thiocarbonyl diimidazole. Treatment of 3 with hydroxylamine and removal of the DMB group with trifluoroacetic acid gave 1. N-Hydroxythiourea (1) showed no activity in the L1210 mouse tumor. PMID- 1249819 TI - A protocol for program evaluation. AB - In May 1975 the Center for Educational Development, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at the Medical Center, conducted a workshop titled, "Evaluation in the Health Professions." Five tracks were offered at the workshop and one focused on program evaluation. The 12 participants from this track worked on their respective projects for four-and-one-half days from an earlier version of the protocol presented in this article. Much of the workshop was tape recorded, and this article is the result of reviewing the tapes and recording the problems that were encountered with the original version of the protocol for program evaluation. PMID- 1249818 TI - Inhibition of tumor cell transplantability by iron and copper complexes of 5 substituted 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. AB - The cytotoxicity of copper and iron complexes of 5-substituted 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones against Ehrlich ascites tumor cells has been measured. Brief in vitro incubation of cells and drugs is followed by implantation into host mice. Subsequent degree of tumor development is a measure of cytotoxicity. A spectrum of activities for the iron complexes is observed, starting with the least active as designated by its 5-substitution: OH less than OCOCH3 approximately N(CH3)2 less than H less than CH3 approximately Cl approximately CF3. The last three complexes can prevent completely tumor growth in the new host. Copper complexes of 5-H and 5-CH3 also prevent successful tumor cell transplantation. PMID- 1249820 TI - A conceptual framework for measuring clinical problem-solving. AB - Most attempts to measure clinical competence start by modeling the clinician's problem-solving process. The conflicting data from studies built around this approach suggest the need for rethinking the underlying concepts. Presented is a conceptual framework for clinical competence which is a natural expansion of earlier approaches. The framework is based upon defining the domain in which the clinician functions as the starting point for measuring clinical competence. There are three dimensions to the framework-problem-solving process, clinical discipline, and context of care. The intersection of the dimensions defines the clinical practice domain to be measured. For each domain specific problems can be identified and clinicians asked to demonstrate competence in resolving them. PMID- 1249821 TI - Teaching toxicology as a basic medical science. AB - In this report the author describes a four-year effort at the Yale University School of Medicine to teach toxicology as an elective basic medical science from the standpoint of organ-specific toxic effects. The primary objective is to prepare physicians to understand, recognize, and manage adverse effects from drugs and other environmental chemicals. It is a multidisciplinary program which integrates easily into the medical school curriculum in a manner that is appealing to the students. PMID- 1249822 TI - Medical anthropology in the curriculum: a revisit to the subject. AB - A survey of U.S. medical schools and their branch campuses was made to determine the magnitude of the teaching of medical anthropology in American medical schools. Curriculum committee chairpersons were sent postcard questionnaires to establish the number of campuses that include the subject in their curricula. Thirty representatives of the 103 campuses responding replied in the positive. In July 1974 these 30 were sent an 11-item questionnaire; 27 were returned. Although progress has been made in the last 15 years in the development of medical school departments with interests in the various behavioral science fields, including anthropology, based on this study only 5 percent of U.S. medical students had the opportunity to attend lectures in the field of medical anthropology. PMID- 1249823 TI - An assessment of the three-year medical curriculum. PMID- 1249824 TI - Medical competence: is the ECFMG examination a relevant measure? PMID- 1249825 TI - Peer review in medical education. PMID- 1249826 TI - The relationship of unionization to professionalism in medicine. PMID- 1249827 TI - Death education in U.S. medical schools. PMID- 1249828 TI - A 'Careers in Medicine Seminar' for secondary school students. PMID- 1249830 TI - Editorial: The place of humanities in medical education. PMID- 1249829 TI - The demonstration of private practice to pediatric residents through office rotations. PMID- 1249831 TI - Medical student enrollment, 1971-72 through 1975-76. PMID- 1249832 TI - Letter: Three-year curriculum. PMID- 1249833 TI - Letter: Graduate medical education. PMID- 1249834 TI - A mandatory course in scientific writing for undergraduate medical students. AB - All students at Mayo Medical School take a course in scientific writing during their sophomore and junior years. Early in the sophomore year they receive a self instructional text designed to help them avoid 15 common writing faults. Comparison of pretest and posttest results for two classes, with a total of 89 students, indicates significant improvement (p less than .001). Later in his sophomore year, each student writes a minithesis; and during his junior year he reports on work done in a clinical or laboratory research project, preparing it as a paper submissible to a scientific journal. Professional editors work as preceptors with the students, critiquing their manuscripts, which are revised until they receive satisfactory ratings. PMID- 1249835 TI - Chiang Mai and Illinois: a cooperative international project, 1962-1970. AB - Participants in the Chiang Mai-Illinois Project had unique opportunities to work toward the goals of medical education in an attractive but alien environment. Concepts concerning public health and preventive medicine did not have high priority as the new medical school at Chiang Mai began, but a growing department made some progress in the teaching of these concepts with discussions, library and record room projects, and limited village investigations. Studies of hospital and clinic patients and of specific diseases disclosed useful data about northern Thai people. A productive experience in the foreign setting is believed to require sound training, energy, adaptability, and an investment of years. PMID- 1249836 TI - Modern temporal bone surgery--finding the key. PMID- 1249837 TI - A review of management of patients with urinary stones at the North Mississippi Medical Center. PMID- 1249838 TI - Radiologic seminar CLIX: pulmonary overaeration in infancy. PMID- 1249839 TI - Structure of methemerythrin at 5 A resolution. PMID- 1249840 TI - Three-dimensional Fourier synthesis of human deoxyhemoglobin at 2-5 A resolution I. X-ray analysis. PMID- 1249841 TI - Polysteric linkage. PMID- 1249842 TI - Mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication in mouse L-cells: topology of circular daughter molecules and dynamics of catenated oligomer formation. PMID- 1249843 TI - Nuclear glycogen synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells. PMID- 1249844 TI - The ultrastructure of the thread-hairs on the cerci of the cockroach Periplaneta americana L.: the intermoult phase. PMID- 1249845 TI - A particle spanning the photosynthetic membrane. PMID- 1249847 TI - Protein bodies in the nucellus of Euphorbia helioscopia. PMID- 1249846 TI - Early interactions of the virus Molluscum contagiosum with its host cell. Virus induced alterations in the basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis. PMID- 1249848 TI - Further observations on the fine structure of Leydig cells in the testes of male pseudohermaphrodite rats. PMID- 1249849 TI - Discrimination between fiber populations in mammalian skeletal muscle by using ultrastructural parameters. PMID- 1249850 TI - Differentiation of septal ultrastructure according to cell type in the basidiomycete, Agrocybe praecox. PMID- 1249851 TI - The macro-micronuclear complex of Woodruffia metabolica. PMID- 1249852 TI - The hexagonal lattice spacing of intracellular crystalline tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 1249853 TI - Early cytodifferentiation of the chick oviduct epithelium by progesterone. PMID- 1249854 TI - Influence of infra-optimal breeding temperature on spermiogenesis of the locust Locusta migratoria. I. Abnormalities in differentiation of the cytoplasmic organelles. PMID- 1249855 TI - Influence of infra-optimal breeding temperature on spermiogenesis of the locust Locusta migratoria. II. Abnormalities in differentiation of the nucleus. PMID- 1249856 TI - Membrane behavior of exocytic vesicles. I. The ultrastructure of Paramecium trichocysts in freeze-fracture preparations. PMID- 1249857 TI - Fine structure of the cerebral and pygidial ocelli in Chone ecaudata (Polychaeta: Sabellidae). PMID- 1249858 TI - Ultrastructure and net fluid transport in isolated perfused developing proximal tubules. PMID- 1249859 TI - The permeability of keratinized and nonkeratinized oral epithelium to lanthanum in vivo. PMID- 1249860 TI - Novel cones in the retina of the anchovy (Anchoa). PMID- 1249861 TI - Cytoplasmic fibrils of the connecting cilium. PMID- 1249862 TI - Pancreatic pseudocysts presenting as thick-walled renal and perinephric cysts. AB - Posterior extension of a pancreatic pseudocyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a thick-walled renal or perinephric cyst seen on infusion pyelography with tomography. Opacification of the wall of a pancreatic pseudocyst by this technique has not been reported previously and lack of knowledge of this possibility can lead to mistaken diagnosis and the possibility of an unnecessary exploratory operation, particularly when angiography is inconclusive and a gastrointestinal series is negative or equivocal. The mechanism of opacification of the wall of a pancreatic pseudocyst is discussed. Parasitization of the renal capsular arteries by a pancreatic pseudocyst can further compound the difficulty of diagnosis. PMID- 1249863 TI - Gallium-67 scintigraphy for the diagnosis and localization of perinephric abscesses. AB - Four patients with suspected perinephric abscess were evaluated by gallium-67 scintigraphy. Gallium-67 scintigraphs proved instrumental in correctly diagnosing and localizing 4 left perinephric abscesses. Roentgenographic examinations were negative in 2 cases. Gallium-67 scintigraphy can be a useful non-invasive technique to evaluate patients with suspected perinephric abscess. PMID- 1249864 TI - Recovery of renal function after prolonged unilateral ureteral obstruction. AB - Concepts of renal counterbalance and animal experiments have long supported nephrectomy for prolonged complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. The situation in humans has been clarified by only a few reported cases. Herein we report 3 cases with relief of obstruction after at least 28, 28 and 150 days. Evidence is presented to support renal preservation in similar cases. PMID- 1249865 TI - Experience with non-sterile intermittent self-catheterization. AB - Although a patient subjected to intermittent self-catheterization must carry a catheter and catheterize himself under a non-sterile technique at regular intervals this method is considered the best one available for patients who lead an active social life. When family cooperation is available intermittent catheterization is a cleaner procedure, causes less complications and is easier to manage for a patient confined to bed than the indwelling catheter, cystostomy or other urinary diversion procedures. The technique is also useful for patients with spinal cord injuries, promoting the early return of bladder activity and a life free of the catheter. It is an ideal method for children with meningomyelocele, after the upper tract has been maintained carefully by an indwelling catheter or cystostomy until the child is able to catheterize himself. In these cases a small capacity bladder may be enlarged using the colon and urinary incontinence may be corrected by other operative procedures. We have treated 26 patients with this technique, including 1 with a 17-year followup. The upper urinary tract has not deteriorated in any case and the urine has remained sterile in 39 per cent of the cases. PMID- 1249866 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative: a possible aid in the diagnosis and therapy of carcinoma of the bladder. AB - The distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative has been studied in patients undergoing transurethral resections and total cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder. Although hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence was not confined to malignant tissues with the dose used there was preferential localization in malignant and pre-malignant epithelium. Also high intensity illumination of an area of hematoporphyrin derivative sensitized carcinoma caused tumor destruction. Therefore, it is suggested that hematoporphyrin derivative could be used as an aid to the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 1249867 TI - Further experience with the Young-Dees procedure for urinary incontinence in selected cases. AB - Experience with the Young-Dees procedure confirms that this is a useful operation for restoring urinary continence, particularly in selected female patients with non-neurogenic incontinence. Of 21 incontinent patients 15 have achieved good to excellent postoperative urinary control. PMID- 1249868 TI - Combined cystometry and perineal electromyography in the diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic urinary incontinence. AB - Function of the bladder and periurethral striated muscle was determined simultaneously by combined cystometry and electromyography studies in 120 patients. The coordinated tests were extremely helpful in identifying the different types of periurethral striated muscle activity in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, diagnosing the mechanism of incontinence and determining the appropriate therapy. PMID- 1249869 TI - Human prostatic epithelial cells in culture: clonal selection and androgen dependence of cell line EB 33. AB - The permanent epithelial strain EB 33 was initiated from primary cultures of a human prostatic adenocarcinoma in June 1973. To establish androgen dependence of growth EB 33 cells were grown in various media. The effect of androgen withdrawal was studied by the application of media containing sera that had undergone steroid extraction procedures with dichloromethane and activated charcoal. The growth rate of the original EB 33 population was not influenced by withdrawal or addition of androgenic hormones. There were 111 clones developed by single cell plating of EB 33 cells and 23 clonal lines responded to extracted media with a depression of growth of at least 50 per cent. These findings were verified in growth curve experiments. Testosterone and 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone slightly accelerated growth but did not fully compensate the depression of cell counts seen in extracted media. These findings may be consistent with hormone dependence of growth of clonal lines developed from the human prostatic epithelial strain EB 33. PMID- 1249870 TI - Primary treatment of prostatic carcinoma with estramustine phosphate: preliminary report. AB - Estramustine phosphate has been used as primary treatment in 38 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Of these 38 patients 36 responded objectively to treatment, regression occurring in 10 patients with soft tissue metastases, 3 with pulmonary metastases and 3 with bony metastases. Primary cytotoxic treatment in patients with far advanced prostatic carcinoma is advocated and a randomized clinical study is suggested. PMID- 1249871 TI - Urologic complications following abdominoperineal resection. AB - In a retrospective study we analyzed the high incidence of 75 urological complications after abdominoperineal resection in 52 patients. A prospective study was done also to anticipate as well as to minimize or eliminate these highly significant complications. Direct injury leading to obstruction and fistula formation was avoided. Obstructive uropathy in 10 of 25 male patients was found as a direct result of preoperative evaluation. Same day prostatectomies in 5 patients made no appreciable difference in the urological management, complication rate or end results. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction of various degrees was found in 50 per cent of all patients but represented a long-term problem in only 10 per cent. PMID- 1249872 TI - A new surgical procedure for revision of ileal conduit stoma in children. AB - The etiology of hypertrophic keratotic peristomal lesions is discussed and a new simple, cosmetic and functional operative procedure for excision of peristomal keratosis and revision of ileal loop stoma is described. This advancement (full skin and subcutaneous fat) triangular flap is also useful in the surgical management of other stomal problems, such as prolapsed bud, peristomal hernias and peristomal scarring. Postoperative use of the proper size and type of collecting device, and the importance of achieving sterile acid urine are stressed to prevent further stomal complications. PMID- 1249873 TI - Pyelocancerous backflow: a radiologic finding in renal malignancy. AB - Pyelocancerous backflow is a radiologic finding strongly suggestive of renal malignancy that has had little attention in the urologic literature. Its appearance is an ominous sign and, when present, renal adenocarcinoma invading the collecting system or infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma with parenchymal extension must be suspected. An illustrative case is presented and its significance is discussed. PMID- 1249875 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the prepuce. PMID- 1249874 TI - A case report: salpingoureteral fistula. PMID- 1249876 TI - Letter: Re: failure of ascorbic acid to inhibit FANFT-induced bladder cancer. PMID- 1249877 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. PMID- 1249878 TI - Changes in endocrine pancreatic function produced by altered dietary protein intake in drinking alcoholics. AB - The effect of dietary protein intake on abnormal endocrine pancreatic function was studied in five male chronic alcoholic patients with a recent history of heavy alcohol and poor dietary intake. Pancreatic function was assessed by means of the pancreozymin-secretin stimulation test. Immediately on admission and throughout the study, the patients were given ethanol, 250 g/day in divided doses. Initial administration of a low protein (25 g) 1800 calorie diet resulted in no improvement in pancreatic function. Institution of a normal protein (100 g) 2600 calorie diet for 10 days led to a return to normal in the output of bicarbonate, amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin. Readministration of the low protein diet for 10 days resulted in decreased output of amylase and chymotrypsin. The volumes of secretion and outputs of trypsin and protein remained unchanged throughout the study. This study shows that the transient dysfunction of the exocrine pancreas frequently observed in actively drinking chronic alcoholic patients is caused by deficient dietary protein intake. PMID- 1249879 TI - Indocyanine green dye fluorescence and infrared absorption choroidal angiography performed simultaneously with fluorescein angiography. AB - The sensory retina of the eye is nourished by two essentially separate blood circulations. The more superficial of these, the retinal circulation, is easily evaluated by direct visualization or routine fluorescein angiography. However, the underlying choroidal circulation, which is attributed with maintenance of the outer layers of the retina is not easily visualized due to the pigment epithelial layer and choroidal pigment. Fluorescence and infrared absorption angiographic techniques using indocyanine green (ICG) dye, which can be used to evaluate the choroidal circulation routinely, are described in this paper. A method is also described which can provide these angiograms simultaneously with standard fluorescein fluorescence angiograms of the retina. Finally, a comparison of all three types of angiograms is made. Limitations to the resolution of fundus details in angiograms imposed by optics of the fundus camera, photographic films, and optics and anatomy of the eye are examined. PMID- 1249880 TI - Immunological reactions involving leukocytes: I. Detection of antibodies to human granulocytes by measurement of the metabolic events associated with phagocytosis. AB - During phagocytosis, glucose oxidation via the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) is markedly stimulated in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A method is described for the detection of antibodies to human granulocytes which exploits this fact. The source of antibodies was rabbit antihuman leukocyte serum (RAHLS) obtained by repeated immunization of normal rabbits with human granulocyte homogenates. HMS activity was quantitated by measuring the release of 14CO2 from glucose-1-14C. Under precisely defined experimental conditions, RAHLS and its IgG fraction inhibited 14CO2 release. The inhibitory effect of RAHLS on human granulocyte phagocytosis-associated HMS activity could be reduced by prior absorption of RAHLS with human granulocytes. Compared to the cytotoxic and leukoagglutination tests, this method appears more sensitive with respect to detection of xenogeneic antibodies to human granulocytes. PMID- 1249881 TI - The syndrome of bronchial atresia or stenosis with mucocele and focal hyperinflation of the lung. AB - Three cases of "the syndrome of bronchial atresia or stenosis with mucocele and focal hyperinflation of the lung" are added to 28 proven cases (26 with atresia and 2 with stenosis) previously reported in the English literature. One case is of particular interest since serial roentgenograms during the first week of life showed fetal lung fluid to be trapped distal to the atresia. The radiographic findings in this syndrome are reviewed and the presumed etiology and pathophysiology discussed. PMID- 1249882 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Tetany in a patient with secondary hemochromatosis. PMID- 1249883 TI - [Suitability of contact lenses in the treatment of extensive penetrating corneal wounds]. PMID- 1249884 TI - [Post-traumatic chalcosis of the eye. II. Pathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 1249885 TI - [Objective evaluation of corneal transparency in experimental animals]. PMID- 1249886 TI - [Kerecid ointment in virus diseases of the cornea]. PMID- 1249887 TI - [Eye manifestations in cases of gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 1249888 TI - [Disorders of ocular mobility following surgical muscle elongation by the Madroszkiewicz method]. PMID- 1249889 TI - [Effects of dissection of the medial rectus muscle on the deformation of the eyeball]. PMID- 1249890 TI - [Experimental treatment of corneal penetrating wounds by means of the classical method and with contact lenses]. PMID- 1249891 TI - [Eye manifestations in the syndrome of post-traumatic tear of the internal carotid artery syphon with ensuing massive nasal hemorrhage]. PMID- 1249892 TI - [Fluorescein angiography and angioscopy in clinical and ambulatory practice]. PMID- 1249893 TI - [Value of fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of the central inflammation of the retina]. PMID- 1249894 TI - [Juvenile melanoma of the bulbar conjunctiva]. PMID- 1249895 TI - [Melanoblastoma of the lacrimal sac]. PMID- 1249896 TI - [Case of central retinal vein thrombosis in a young woman treated with progesterone]. PMID- 1249897 TI - [Ocular complications in Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 1249898 TI - [Post-cortisone glaucoma]. PMID- 1249899 TI - [Histological examination of a corneal penetrating wound treated by means of contact lenses and the classical method]. PMID- 1249900 TI - [Spontaneous remission in a case of post-traumatic arachnoiditis in the chiasmal area]. PMID- 1249901 TI - [Differentiation of the proteinuria by microelectrophoresis in continuous polyacrylamide-gradient gels (author's transl)]. AB - It is possible to differentiate the proteinuria of glomerulonephritis by means of microelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide-gradient gels. The advantages of this method (quick, cheap, concentration of the urine not required) led to its introduction into clinical use. Upon separating the urinary proteins according to their molecular weight and form, four patterns of proteinuria may be differentiated: low molecular, intermediate and high molecular. Those forms of glomerulonephritis which show constant morphological and clinical findings (e.g. minimal proliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents) can be related to one of the four patterns of proteinuria, whereas the pattern of proteinuria in other forms of glomerulonephritis (e.g. (peri-)membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis) are dependent on the phase of the disease. PMID- 1249902 TI - [The mortality from ischaemic heart diseases in hospitalized psychiatric patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 1357 chronic hospitalized psychiatric patients (641 men and 716 women) aged between 40 and 69 years the mortality during 30 months was registered, referring for a prevalent study about riskfactors. The death rates for ischaemic heart diseases in hospitalized patients were 2,5-3,5 times as high as states in the statistic for total population of BRD. The majority of dead patients had two or more of the known riskfactors, more as the half of the dead patients had a manifest diabetes mellitus or a disorder of oral glucose tolerance test. PMID- 1249903 TI - The different forms of glomerulonephritis morphological and clinical aspects, analyzed in 2500 patients. AB - Comparative morphological and clinical studies of 2,500 patients suffering from glomerulonephritis, enabled us to divide the different forms of diffuse glomerulonephritis into 3 distinct groups and to separate these groups from the focal glomerulonephritides. The different forms of diffuse glomerulonephritis in group I are: 1. endocapillary (acute) glomeruloenphritis (of the post streptococcal type), 2. mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, 3. mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with focal crescents, 4. mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with focal scarring, 5. minimal proliferating intercapillary glomerulonephritis without nephrotic syndrome. It is emphasised that these forms can transform into one another, that they seldom occur with nephrotic syndrome, and with varying frequency with hypertension. Group II consists of: 1. minimal proliferating intercapillary glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome, 2. focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis, 3. perimembranous glomerulonephritis, 4. membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 5. lobular glomerulonephritis. It is stressed that these glomerulonephritis forms usually do not develop out of group I type glomerulonephritis forms, and that in this group a nephrotic syndrome is the most prominent clinical syndrome. In the third group are 1. mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with diffuse crescents, 2. necrotising glomerulonephritis. It is shown that this form of glomerulonephritis does not usually develop from either group I of II forms. The fourth group of focal glomerulonephritis is uncommon. This disease is characterized by a necrotising and proliferative inflammatory lesion found segmentally and focally in the glomeruli. Most of the other glomeruli appearing normal. It is emphasised that in the literature the diagnosis focal glomerulonephritis is made far too often. This is because glomeruli in which the inflammatory process in a few lobules is of varying prominence, are included in the focal glomerulonephritis group. The classification of the different forms of glomerulonephritis into 3 groups here described, is thought of as a basic classification. It is compared with Ellis' classification (1942), with which it has much in common. PMID- 1249904 TI - Haemodialysis in imipramine poisoning? An experimental study. AB - In the last several years an increasing number of severe imipramine intoxications have been observed. Though standard principles for the treatment of acute tricyclic poisoning have been established, nonetheless there still exists doubt on the most effective method of tricyclic removal in cases of massive overdose. Haemodialysis was successfully employed until now but has not found general acceptance as only insignificant amounts of imipramine could be recovered from the dialysate. An experimental clearance study was undertaken using radiolabelled imipramine (14C-I) to obtain insight into the usefullness of haemodialysis in imipramine poisoning. 14C-I clearances which were calculated in a closed circuit dialysis system ranged between 18 ml/min and 48 ml/min depending on the constitution of the dialysate, i.e. aqueous or lipid solution. Surprisingly a rapid and significant uptake of imipramine by the plastic material (polyvinylchloride) of the extracorporeal blood line system was detected. This escape of imipramine from the blood into the tubings explains the poor recovery of tricyclics from the dialysate, which discredited haemodialysis as a therapeutical method in imipramine poisoning. The results of our experiments may offer a new method of rapid tricyclic elimination in severe imipramine intoxications. PMID- 1249906 TI - [Phosphatase activity in bone tissue and blood serum during 90-day hypokinesia]. AB - Activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases in femoral epiphysis and diaphysis and those of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of rats that were exposed to a 3 month hypokinesia were measured. Phasic changes in the phosphatase activities were found in bone tissue. During the beginning of the hypokinetic experiment activities of both enzymes decreased as compared with the controls, the decrease of alkaline phosphatase being more significant. After the stress period activities of both phosphatases increased (especially of acid phosphatase in diaphysis) and by the end of the experiment were higher than the level of the enzyme activity in control rats. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum varied in parallel with the enzyme activity in bones. The results give evidence for significant metabolic changes in the bone tissue during hypokinesia which lead to predominant resorption processes. PMID- 1249905 TI - ["Soiuz-Apollo" experimental flight. Preliminary results of medicobiological studies, carried out during the flight of "Soiuz-19" spaceship]. AB - The paper presents brief information on the Apollo-Soyuz test mission, its program biomedical investigations to be carried out in flight and specific medical aspects. It discusses the main tasks of the joint US-USSR experiments and Soviet experiments. It gives and analyzes preliminary results of medical monitoring and postflight examinations of the crew members. PMID- 1249907 TI - [Effect of different schedules of motor activity on the processes of human adaptation to high-altitude conditions]. AB - Responses of external respiration, hemodynamics and blood were studied in 12 test subjects during their step-by-step adaptation to altitudes of 2200 and 3200 m. The test subjects were subdivided into two groups who were exposed to different schemes of motor activity--free motor activity and diminished motor activity during bed rest. The results indicate a direct relationship between positive adaptive reactions of physiological systems of the human body and motor activity. PMID- 1249908 TI - [Effect of impact stresses on the rat heart and hemodynamics]. AB - An experimental impact on the rat chest in the cardiac area induced bradycardia, arrhythmia, ectopic beats, atrio-ventricular blockade that was followed by a fall of the arterial pressure and a rise in the venous pressure, a decrease of the cardiac output and blood volume. Breakages in cardiac myofibers were seen under the microscope. These changes can be brought about by a direct effect of impact accelerations on the heart. It is concluded that tolerance of the animal heart to impact accelerations is limited by bradycardia, arterial pressure fall and a 25% decrease of the cardiac output. Greater effects may produce breakages in myofibers. An active alertness and unloading of the right atrium increase the heart tolerance to impact accelerations and potassium chloride prevents hazardous cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1249910 TI - [Effect of transversely directed accelerations on gastric motor function]. AB - The motor function of the human stomach and starvation activity of dogs were investigated after their exposure to accelerations of various values and duration. Inhibition of the motor function of the stomach and alteration in the periodicity pattern were found. The alteration included suppression of hungry contractions, development of continuous motor activity and gradual recovery of periodic activity of the stomach. Motor changes were related to the acceleration value. The reaction of the motor apparatus of the stomach to accelerations was shown to be nonspecific. The changes in the motor function of the stomach seem to be secondary and to be associated with the changes in the functional state of regulatory centers of motor activity. PMID- 1249909 TI - [State of labyrinth tonic posture reflexes during administration to rabbits of microelements (copper, manganese and cobalt)]. AB - The influence of varying doses of copper, manganese and cobalt chlorides on the labyrinthine tonic reflexes of rabbits was studied electromyographically. The presence and intensity of the reflexes were measured with respect to changes in the electric activity of muscles-extensors of forelimbs and occiput during the rotation of an animal along the bitemporal axis. Under the influence of cobalt (0.01 and 0.001 mg/kg), copper (0.1 mg/kg) and manganese (0.01 mg/kg) the threshold of adequate stimulation of the labyrinthine apparatus decreased and the time of the reflex response increased. This can be related to increased excitability of stem centers that are responsible for the realization of these reflexes. Larger doses of copper (1.0 mg/kg) and manganese (0.1 mg/kg) resulted in a significant and prolonged inhibition of tonic reflexes from the labyrinth to the limbs of rabbits. These data suggest an important role played by trace elements in the regulation and adjustment of the vestibular system. PMID- 1249911 TI - [Adaptation times of flight-technical personnel to work in subtropical climate conditions]. AB - The results of studying the process and time of adaptation of two groups of the flying personnel who arrived from moderate climate to the subtropic climate show that the early stage of acclimatization lasts from two to four weeks, depending on the season. From the physiological point of view the best season is spring summer. During this period the time of acclimatization is two times shorter than in winter. PMID- 1249912 TI - [Characteristics of morphological reactions in dog internal organs and endocrine glands during 6-year gamma irradiation]. AB - Dogs were exposed to six-year gamma-irradiation with doses of 21-1140 rad/year; pathomorphological changes were studied in testicles thyroid gland, adrenals, liver and kidneys. The level of morphological changes in the organs during the six-year exposure was dissimilar and depended on the radiosensitivity of a specific organ, dose rate and acute irradiations that were applied during the experiment. In testicles morphological changes (reduction of layers of the spermatogenous epithelium, decrease of the number of spermatozoids in testicular canals) appeared during the first year of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.34 rad/day. Later, these changes progressed and by the end of the six-year exposure were followed by a distinct sclerosis of the interstitial tissue and hyperplasia of Leydig's cells. In the thyroid gland signs of the hypofunctional state were seen by the end of the second year of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.34 rad/day and persisted afterwards. In adrenals hypertrophy of the bundle and glomerular zones were observed during the second-fourth years of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.34 rad/day. As irradiation proceeded hyperplastic processes developed in the thyroid gland and adrenals (adenomatous nodes in the thyroid gland, adenomatous hyperplasia in the adrenal cortex). Vacuolar and fat dystrophy of hepatocytes and disturbed permeability of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys were detected only at the end of the third year of irradiation. During the fifth and, particularly, the sixth year of the exposure sclerotic changes in the liver vessels, hyalinosis of small arteries and nephrosclerotic foci in the kidneys were found. PMID- 1249913 TI - [Development of peripheral blood reticulocytosis during exposure to a constant magnetic field]. AB - It has been shown that red blood cells are sensitive to a constant magnetic field. Under this influence reticulocytosis develops whereas the hemoglobin level and red blood cell count remain unaltered. Changes in the reticulocyte content during a continuous many-day exposure to a constant magnetic field give evidence that an animal body can adapt to this effect. PMID- 1249914 TI - [Attempt to upset the circadian rhythm of urine excretion of potassium]. AB - The paper describes an attempt of shaking (i. e. decreasing inertness) the diurnal rhytnm of urine excretion of potassium in two test subjects under the conditions of 72-hour continuous wakefulness. It is concluded that continuous wakefulness exerts no shaking effect on the diurnal periodicity of the function. It is found that the rate of rearrangement of the diurnal rhythm of urine excretion of potassium after inversion of the diurnal cycle was lowest during sleep and immediately after it. It is emphasized that when evaluating the completeness of inversion of the diurnal rhythm of the function it is important to pay attention to the parameters recorded at night and morning hours. PMID- 1249915 TI - [Electrospectroscopic method of determining the interaction of radiation with DNA molecules]. PMID- 1249916 TI - Early lymphoreticular viral tropism and antigen persistence. Tamiami virus infection in the cotton rat. AB - Tamiami virus was inoculated into its natural reservoir host, the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), and the course of infection was followed by sequential organ titrations, frozen-section immunofluorescence, and light and electron microscopy. In animals infected at 2 days of age, there was an early lymphoreticular tropism with peak concentrations of virus and viral antigen in lymph nodes, splenic white pulp, thymus, and bone marrow at 16 days postinoculation. Megakaryocyte infection was early and pronounced. Viral antigen concentration peaked in liver and salivary glands at day 30 and in kidney, adrenal cortex, respiratory tract, and bladder epithelium at day 60-long after viral infectivity in these organs had disappeared. Central nervous system infection was only modestly productive of infectious virus, but viral antigen continued to increase in the brain until day 90 and then did not decline throughout the 360-day study. Reticuloendothelial hyperplastic foci were found late in some target organs, but there was never any histologic or ultrastructural evidence of cytonecrosis. Older animals were virtually uninfectable; therefore, this susceptibility of newborns and their slow termination of infection represent the key to virus transmission and perpetuation in nature. These aspects of viral natural history contribute to an understanding of human exposure to the pathogenic arenaviruses which exist in similar rodent niches. PMID- 1249917 TI - Serum-free and protein-bound sugars and cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. AB - Free and protein-bound serum sugars and serum lipids were analyzed in 65 adult diabetic patients, 10 age-matched controls, and 24 male medical students for correlation of carbohydrate changes with the extent of retinal, renal, and cardiovascular disease. In diabetic sera, both protein-bound sugars and free mannose, fucose, and hexosamine were significantly elevated; free galactose and inositol were elevated in some diabetic patients, and essentially undetectable in sera from controls. Serum triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoproteins were also elevated in diabetics, but alpha-lipoproteins decreased. Although no specific relationships were observed with the extent of retinal and renal disease, bivariate analyses by Pearson coefficients of correlation showed correlations between levels of serum-free mannose and systolic blood pressure, free hexosamine and duration of diabetes, and serum protein-bound fucose and age. Serum triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoprotein levels correlated with insulin therapy. These are preliminary leads of laboratory studies related to carbohydrate macromolecular changes which might aid in a better understanding of the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. PMID- 1249918 TI - Effects of aminonucleoside, daunomycin, and adriamycin on carbon oxidation by glomeruli. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether reported changes in substrate metabolism by isolated glomeruli from rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis could be explained by the glomerular changes associated with proteinuria or, alternatively, whether these metabolic changes and proteinuria were synchronous but causally unrelated events. Aminonucleoside of puromycin produced proteinuria within 7 days when injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. However, when aminonucleoside of puromycin as well as adenine were given, the onset of proteinuria was delayed until after day 7. A significant reduction in U-14C-glucose oxidation to CO2 was found at day 7 by glomeruli from rats given aminonucleoside of puromycin intraperitoneally but no significant changes were found with aminonucleoside of puromycin given subcutaneously on days 7 and 9 and aminonucleoside of puromycin + adenine given subcutaneously on days 7 and 9. Rats given daunomycin or adriamycin had developed proteinuria by day 14. U 14C-glucose oxidation to CO2 was significantly reduced on day 14 in glomeruli from rats given daunomycin but no significant changes were found on day 21 with daunomycin, or on days 14 and 21 with adriamycin. There was a reduction in pyruvic-acid carbon metabolism but not in glutamine-carbon oxidation 14 days after treatment with daunomycin. These results suggest that the observed changes in glomerular metabolism occur independently of, albeit synchronous with, the development of proteinuria. A causal relationship between these metabolic alterations and proteinuria therefore may be unlikely. PMID- 1249919 TI - Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in man. II. Ultrastructural alterations affecting the microvasculature and the tissue mast cells. AB - Profound alterations in the dermal microvasculature and the closely related fixed tissue mast cells were observed in allergic contact dermatitis reactions to dinitrochlorobenzene and urushiol in man. The vascular changes were of two types. The superficial capillary venule, a distinct anatomical and functional vessel system in the dermal papillae, developed interendothelial cell gaps, maximal at 3 days after skin test, which very likely were responsible for locally increased vascular permeability and consequent dermal edema. The products of degranulating tissue mast cells and infiltrating basophils may have been partly responsible for these changes. By contrast, vessels of the superficial venular plexus, oriented parallel to the cutaneous surface at the junction of the papillary and reticular dermis, were the site of diapedesis and perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells. The superficial venular plexus vessels exhibited striking endothelial cell and pericyte hypertrophy, occasional necrosis of endothelial cells, endothelial cell mitoses, and an extensive and progressive laying down of new and abnormally disposed basal lamina. These changes, somewhat slower to develop than those affecting the superficial capillary venule, were present in all biopsies taken at 3 days or later and were accompanied by mast cell mitoses and the appearance of immature dermal mast cells. The basal lamina alterations persisted and evolved for at least several weeks. The mechanisms initiating these vessel and mast cell changes have not been identified, but circumstantial evidence suggests that lymphocytes or their products or both may have been responsible. PMID- 1249920 TI - Ribosome structure and chylomicron formation in rat intestinal mucosa. AB - Sucrose gradient sedimentation and electron micrographic studies were made on the ribosomes of the cells of intestinal mucosa isolated from control, bile fistula, and puromycin-treated rats. In comparison to controls, there was a 40 to 60 per cent decrease in polysome content of the cells following administration of puromycin or deprivation of luminal choline by creation of a bile fistula. Feeding of lysolecithin of choline to the bile fistula rats or addition to the isolated cells in vitro resulted in a complete restoration of the polysome profile along with lipprotein synthesis and chylomicron release. Addition of lysolecithin to isolated cells treated with puromycin in vitro also brought about a reaggregation of the ribosomes and a reactivation of phospholipid biosynthesis. Choline had no detectable effect on phospholipid synthesis or ribsosme aggregation when fed to ppuromycin-treated rats or when added to puromycin treated cells in vitro. The results suggest that chylomicron formation and the release by the muscosal cells depend upon intact rough endoplasmic reticulum and an active protein adn phospholipid biosynthesis. The role of lysolecithin in this process is ratonalized on the basis of its ability to supply a precursor of lecithin as well as a surfactant which affects the aggregation, or membrane rebinding of ribosomes, or both. PMID- 1249921 TI - Radiation nephritis. Chronic changes following moderate doses of radiation. AB - Experimental radiation nephritis in the rat is the result of progressive injury involving glomeruli and tubules. Vascular damage plays litter or no role in the initial stages although arterial necrosis and thrombosis develop in the late stages. The radiation nephritis is essentially a degenerative process and the inflammatory reaction, if any, appears to be secondary to necrosis. Within the range employed in this and in previous experiments (1,500 to 10,000 rads), the nature of changes is the same regardless of the dose; large doses of radiation merely accelerate and aggravate the process. During the "latent'' phase there are progressive ultrastructural alterations which eventually become evident by light microscopy. PMID- 1249923 TI - The changing role of pets in society. PMID- 1249922 TI - Effect of tryptophan on hepatic polyribosomal disaggregation due to hypertonic sodium chloride. AB - The effect of tryptophan on the disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes and on the inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis in rats due to the administration of hypertonic NaCl solutions was studied. Overnight-fasted rats were given by stomach tube or intraperitoneally hypertonic (6.2 to 10.7 per cent) NaCl alone or with 30 mg. of L-tryptophan and were killed 30 minutes later. The hypertonic NaCl treated rats revealed marked hepatic polyribosomal disaggregation and inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis (in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into proteins). Rats that received tryptophan alone or in a complete amino acid mixture in addition to hypertonic NaCl revealed a marked improvement in the patterns of hepatic polyribosomes and an increase in in vitro hepatic protein synthesis over that in hypertonic NaCl treated rats. The incorporation of 14C orotate in hepatic messenger RNA (peak appearing between the 4 S and 18 S RNA fractions) associated with hepatic polyribosomes was studied. Administration of hypertonic NaCl alone caused a decrease in incorporation into hepatic messenger RNA whereas administration of hypertonic NaCl plus tryptophan caused an increase in incorporation into hepatic messenger RNA. Thus, tryptophan appears to cause an increase in hepatic messenger RNA as well as to prevent to a great extent the hepatic polyribosomal disaggregation and the inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis due to hypertonic NaCl. PMID- 1249924 TI - The response to progestagen treatment of some diseases of cats. PMID- 1249925 TI - Generalized atherosclerosis in a dog. PMID- 1249926 TI - Reviews in immunology (I)--the immune responses. PMID- 1249927 TI - Recent amendments by the General Assembly to the Tennessee Medical Practice Act, Healing Arts and Basic Science Laws. PMID- 1249928 TI - One year's experience with mammography in a small private hospital. PMID- 1249929 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon due to arterial occlusive disease of the wrist and hand. PMID- 1249930 TI - TMA x-ray of the month. PMID- 1249931 TI - Lithium and the thyroid gland. PMID- 1249932 TI - TMA EKG of the month. PMID- 1249933 TI - School dental program. PMID- 1249934 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility testing. PMID- 1249935 TI - Two urban community clinics. PMID- 1249936 TI - President's page. PMID- 1249937 TI - Rehabilitation problems of head and neck cancer patients. AB - Head and neck cancer and its treatment result in varying degrees of disability affecting various organ systems. Ideal treatment of such patients requires a unit capable of managing problems in the areas of: Reconstructive surgery, maxillofacial prosthodontia, dentistry, deglutition disorders, and psychological, social, and vocational rehabilitation. Provision of such facilities in an integrated manner will give the patient the optimal chance for rehabilitation from the complex disabilities occurring in head and neck cancer. PMID- 1249938 TI - Sweat gland carcinoma: a clinico-pathological reappraisal. AB - A case of sweat gland carcinoma arising from the right fifth finger which later metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and the lungs is the subject of this report which attempts to establish further the true characteristics of this definite pathological entity. The diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma has been loosely applied to a variety of lesions, and it was not until recently that more exact and appropriate criteria were used to establish the diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma. The case reported in this manuscript possesses most if not all the criteria necessary to make a diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma. Further review of the literature shows that this is a rare and aggressive neoplasm as this case illustrates. Radical surgery of the primary lesions with radical regional lymph node dissection whenever possible is recommended for the initial treatment, and combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be employed in the palliative treatment of the more advanced forms of the disease. PMID- 1249939 TI - Cytotoxicity reactions during immunotherapy of melanoma with neuraminidase altered autologous tumor cells. AB - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity, serum cytotoxicity, and the ability of the serum to inhibit lymphocyte cytotoxicity (blocking effect) were studied in a melanoma patient treated with six monthly injections of her own (autologous) tumor cells incubated with neuraminidase to increase their antigenicity. The same tumor cells grown in tissue culture were used as target cells for the cytotoxicity test. Large fluctuations of blocking effect in the serum were found, which correlated with the clinical course of tumor removal, recurrence, and regression. After the fifth injection of autologous tumor cells, the blocking effect disappeared from the serum (unblocking). In general, changes in serum cytotoxicity corresponded with changes in the amount of blocking effect produced by the serum. The results suggest that active immunotherapy may play a role in the prevention of metastases and, that when used within the autologous system, the cytotoxicity test is valuable in studying response to this type of therapy. PMID- 1249940 TI - Insulin metabolism in depancreatized dogs during hemorrhagic shock. AB - This study was done to determine why the plasma insulin remained elevated during shock. Mongrel Female dogs (12-15 kg) were depancreatized and maintained on a constant intraportal infusion of porcine insulin while they were bled to reduce and maintain the mean arterial blood pressure at 50 mm Hg for 165 min. Blood samples were taken for glucose and plasma insulin at 15 min intervals. The data show that there was a progressive rise of plasma insulin during the course of hemorrhagic shock. This occurred despite a constant infusion of insulin, the sole source of insulin available to these depancreatized dogs. Since removal of plasma insulin is largely due to insulin utilization, our findings imply that the rise of plasma insulin in hemorrhagic shock is caused by decreased utilization. PMID- 1249941 TI - Adoptive transfer of tumor immunity between twins by in vitro immunized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes: reversal of serum enhancement. AB - The lymphocytes and serum of a nonidentical twin male with advanced colon cancer were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of autologous tumor cells. The patient's serum enhanced autologous tumor cell growth. Three siblings including an HL-A matched grade A female twin underwent similar studies. Benign lymph nodes of the twins and one sibling were evaluated for the ability of nodal macrophages to be sensitized to the patient's tumor antigen. The male twin patient received intralymphatically in vitro sensitized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes from the female twin donor. Thirty days after treatment the patient's lymphocytes and serum inhibited the growth of autologous tumor cells. PMID- 1249942 TI - A survey of epithelial inclusions in the ovarian cortex of 470 patients. AB - The ovaries of 470 patients obtained for various indications at operation revealed 178 with 193 ovarian cysts and tumors - including 63 serous, 23 endometrial, and 27 mucinous - as well as 103 with tubal (serous), 35 with endometrial, and 2 with cervical (mucinous) epithelial inclusions. A very high frequency of transformation of mucinous epithelial inclusions into cysts and tumors contrasted with about 40% similar transformation of serous and endometrial inclusions into cysts and tumors. PMID- 1249943 TI - Impaired cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with cancer. AB - We have investigated the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 57 cancer patients and from 54 normal controls to exert cytotoxic activity in vitro on allogeneic target cells by using a residual tritiated proline assay. Phytohemagglutin was added to the cultures for potentiating the reaction. The cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes from cancer patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. Increased survival of target cells was found in numerous reactions with patients' lymphocytes, probably reflecting a "feeder" effect. The source of plasma used for testing, i.e., autologous or pooled normal homologous plasma, did not affect the strength of cytotoxicity reactions displayed by lymphocytes from either normal or cancer patients. A lower reactivity was generally seen in patients with metastatic disease than in patients with no evidence of distant spread. PMID- 1249944 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage: direct approach under fluoroscopic control. AB - We devised a direct percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage under fluoroscopic control. The principle is as follows. After percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, the three dimensional structure of intrahepatic bile ducts is projected to a two dimensional plane under fluoroscopy; the needle can then be introduced into the selected bile duct with accuracy. The technique can be used as a preoperative management of operations of patients with jaundice and also as a palliative management of advanced cancer without much complication. PMID- 1249945 TI - Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract with a valved conduit in 75 cases of congenital heart disease. AB - Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with an aortic homograft conduit was performed in 75 patients from 1966 to 1974. The types of congenital heart disease were as follows: pulmonary atresia, 35 cases; severe tetralogy of Fallot, 22 cases; truncus arteriosus, 6 cases; transposition of the great arteries (TGA), 3 cases; single ventricle, 2 cases; and tricuspid atresia, 7 cases. Ninety per cent of the patients had one or more previous shunts, and this was a factor affecting the mortality rate. Other factors included age, pulmonary vascular resistance, surgical anatomy, and technical problems such as bleeding, prolonged bypass, coronary artery injury, and compression of the conduit by the sternum. Our present approach is to avoid shunts, define the anatomy precisely by angiography, and to attempt total correction when severe hypoxia or effort intolerance occurs or before increased pulmonary vascular resistance develops. PMID- 1249946 TI - Management of preinfarction angina. Evaluation and comparison of medical versus surgical therapy in 43 patients. AB - Short-term results of aggressive surgical management were compared with results of medical management in forty-three patients with preinfarction angina admitted to the coronary-care unit (CCU) over an 18 month period. These patients were selected from 1,609 consecutive admissions to the CCU because they met strict criteria for preinfarction angina: severe chest pain at rest, ST-segment elevation or depression during pain which subsided rapidly after cessation of pain, and normal serum enzymes (CPK, SGOT, and LDH). Twenty-three patients had coronary angiography, done with operating room and pump standby. One patient, who had total occlusion of the left main coronary artery, died during the study. Twenty-one of the remaining patients were considered surgical candidates, and were treated immediately after angiography with 1 to 3 vein bypass grafts. There was one late postoperative death and, of the 20 survivors, 2 had ECG evidence of acute myocardial infarction and one had mild angina at time of discharge. In contrast, of the 21 patients treated medically, 13 sustained acute MI, resulting in 8 instances of congestive heart failure and 4 cases of ventricular fibrillation. Four patients died in cardiogenic shock. With the use of rigid criteria, a small subgroup of patients with variant angina at high risk of developing AMI has been identified and categorized as having preinfarction angina. Our experience suggests that aggressive surgery immediately following coronary angiography offers a lower incidence of MI, morbidity, and death than does medical management. PMID- 1249947 TI - Mitral atresia with premature closure of foramen ovale. A rare hemodynamic cause for failure of Blalock-Taussig anastomosis to relieve inadequate pulmonary blood flow. AB - The clinical, hemodynamic, and surgical findings encountered in the management of a hypoxic male infant with a rare and complex variety of cyanotic congenital heart disease associated with inadequate pulmonary blood flow are described. A poor clinical response to creation of a Blalock-Taussig anastomosis led to the discovery of mitral atresia complicated by premature closure of the foramen ovale and partially relieved by the presence of a levoatriocardinal vein. The subsequent creation of an atrial septal defect enhanced the function of the subclavian artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis and provided palliative relief of hypoxia. Some of the clinical and laboratory findings indicating the presence of additional lesions complicating the picture of a tetralogy of Fallot and requiring additional surgical considerations are discussed. The experience indicates that hemodynamic as well as surgical causes may explain the failure of a systemic artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis to function adequately and should be sought. PMID- 1249948 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of the Lillehei-Kaster pivoting disc valve in patients. AB - Forty-five patients with Lillehei-Kaster pivoting disc valves had intraoperative assessment of valve hemodynamic function by simultaneous recording of aortic, left ventricular, and left atrial pressures and cardiac output. Mean transvalve gradients and prosthetic valve areas were calculated and recorded. Comparison of the results with data previously reported on the caged-ball valves indicates that the Lillehei-Kaster pivoting disc valve has superior hemodynamic characteristics. PMID- 1249949 TI - Complete correction of double-outlet right ventricle with situs inversus, 1-loop, and 1-malposition (I,L,L) with subaortic VSD and pulmonary stenosis. AB - The repair a unique case of double-outlet right ventricle is reported. This case illustrates the increasingly difficult problem of developing an appropriate nomenclature in complex congenital heart disease. A classification of double outlet right ventricle based upon Van Praagh's symbolic terminology is suggested. PMID- 1249950 TI - Malfunction of tricuspid valve prosthesis shown by isotope angiocardiography. AB - Isotope angiocardiography established prosthetic tricuspid valve obstruction in a patient 6 years after triple valve replacement. Thrombus formation is a common complication of prosthetic cardiac valves, particularly in the tricuspid position where engagement of cage with myocardium is an additional potentially obstructive hazard. Comparison is made between the information yield of the isotope investigation and cardiac catheterization with contrast cineangiography. It is suggested that the isotope technique can noninvasively provide valuable anatomic and functional data, particularly where the right side of the heart is to be examined. PMID- 1249951 TI - Subclavian-coronary artery anastomosis. A technique for definitive correction of anomalous origin of left coronary artery. AB - A case of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a 5-year-old child is presented. Surgical correction by means of a direct subclavian-coronary anastomosis was performed at normothermic temperatures without cardiopulmonary bypass. Pre- and postoperative studies including angiography are presented. The rationale for this approach and its benefits are compared to previously utilized surgical techniques. We feel that this method is superior in that it creates a two-coronary system without utilizing prosthetic or vein bypass grafts. It thus can be used in infancy, allows for future growth and development, and is not subject to the inherent deficiencies of prosthetic or vein grafts. All 4 known cases of subclavian-coronary anastomosis previously reported are discussed. PMID- 1249952 TI - Letter: Smooth-walled arterial prostheses. PMID- 1249953 TI - Letter: Beall mitral valve prosthesis. PMID- 1249954 TI - Letter: Does pectus excavatum cause functional disability? PMID- 1249955 TI - Letter: Myocardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 1249956 TI - Letter: The scimitar syndrome. PMID- 1249958 TI - A new surgical approach for correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the superior vena cava. AB - Nine children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the superior vena cava were operated upon. The technique consisted essentially of partitioning and enlargement of the superior vena cava. The partitioning was done in all but one patient, with a longitudinal suture starting above the highest pulmonary vein directing the pulmonary venous flow through the enlarged atrial septal defect into the left atrium. The anterior cavo-auricular tunnel was enlarged with a right atrial appendage-superior vena cava angioplasty. Follow-up studies were done between 1 and 3 years after surgery. The hemodynamic data were normal in 7 patients. In 8 children, the superior vena cava was unobstructed and its diameter was normal as demonstrated by cavograms. In all patients, the angiographic evaluation of the pulmonary venous return was normal. These results are encouraging and indicate that this new approach is superior to those which have previously been reported. PMID- 1249957 TI - Correction of Type C complete atrioventricular canal. Surgical considerations. AB - Case histories of 8 consecutive patients who underwent surgical correction of Type C complete atrioventricular (A-V) canal at the Ochsner Medical Center over the past 2 years were analyzed. Ages ranged from 1 1/3 to 14 years. Before bypass, the level to which the common leaflets ascend and the arc that they inscribe are determined by palpation to ensure their proper reconstitution on the canal patch. The major area of closure is usually allocated to the ventricular portion. Mapping the conduction system and tying sutures with the heart beating in high-risk conduction areas prevent heart block. Precise marking and splitting of the valve leaflets and reattachment with interrupted felt-buttressed sutures avoid disruption. All patients survived the operation and have shown clinical improvement. At recatheterization, 7 of 8 patients have shown a definite decrease in mitral insufficiency. Right ventricular pressures returned toward normal and there were no significant residual shunts. Associated anomalies or previous operations have not been a contraindication, and since we have begun using the present technique, we have achieved consistently good results without prosthetic valves. PMID- 1249959 TI - Bypass of the right and circumflex coronary arteries with the internal mammary artery. AB - Our experience with the internal mammary artery (IMA) for coronary bypass grafting in the past 3 years includes 323 grafts in 253 patients. After an initial group of IMA to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery grafts, we began using the IMA to bypass circumflex and small right coronary arteries (RCA). This report describes our experience with IMA bypass of coronary vessels other than the LAD. A total of 96 patients have had an IMA graft to the circumflex or RCA. Most of these patients had two or more bypasses. The mortality rate for this group has been 7 per cent, 7 of 96 patients. Postoperative angiography in 82 of 89 survivors has shown a patency rate of 98 per cent in 83 of 85 grafts studied. We conclude that the IMA is the vessel of choice for coronary artery bypass and that it can be used to bypass any of the main coronary arteries. PMID- 1249960 TI - Cricothyroidotomy: elective use in respiratory problems requiring tracheotomy. AB - Surgical teachings insist that cricothyroidotomy should be performed only under emergency conditions as a temporary means of securing an airway. Subsequent subglottic stenosis is thought to occur in alarming numbers of patients intubated for any length of time. The incidence of complications associated with cricothyroidotomy has not been critically examined since Jackson's classic paper in 1921, condemning the operation. A total of 655 patients with cricothyroidotomy tubes in place from hours to months were studied to determine the incidence of problems associated with this procedure. The over-all complication rate was 6.1 per cent. There was one cricothyroidotomy-associated death. Chronic subglottic stenosis did not occur, although 5 patients required resection of tracheal strictures. No additional complications occurred if the procedure was carried out at the bedside instead of in the operating room. The simplicity, absence of cross contamination of median sternotomy incisions, and safety documented by this study recommend routine use of cricothyroidotomy in patients whose management requires tracheotomy. PMID- 1249961 TI - Epidural anesthesia following thoracotomy in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. AB - Epidural analgesia for control of postoperative thoracotomy pain in patients with carcinoma of the lung and chronic obstructive airway disease is described. The rationale and procedure for its use are presented. Epidural analgesia used in 8 patients requiring pulmonary resection who had chronic obstructive airway disease resulted in an improved postoperative course and avoided use of narcotics or a respirator in 7 of the 8 patients. PMID- 1249962 TI - Systemic air embolism: does it occur after experimental penetrating lung injury? AB - Systemic arterial air embolization following penetrating injury of the lung has been previously reported. As we had not recognized this complication clinically, we studied this problem in 11 healthy dogs. In each of them, a mock circulation was created by establishing two central external arteriovenous shunts with transparent plastic tubing in which air bubbles could be seen. Also, a Doppler flow detector capable of sensing intravascular air was attached to a carotid artery. Systemic arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were recorded, and a standard lung laceration was produced. In 5 of the dogs, in addition, tension pneumothorax was induced by injection of air into the pleural space. The dogs were monitored for intravascular air for 15 minutes before and after the induction of hypotension by withdrawal of blood from the shunts. In no animal was air seen in the shunts, nor was there the characteristic deflection of the Doppler seen with intravascular air, although the preparation was sensitive to the detection of as little as 1 ml. of air injected into the left atrium. These observations lead us to question whether arterial air embolism occurs with penetrating pulmonary trauma in man. PMID- 1249963 TI - Etiology, incidence, and prognosis of renal failure following cardiac operations. Results of a prospective analysis of 500 consecutive patients. AB - A prospective study of 500 consecutive patients surviving the first 24 hours following cardiac surgical procedures was undertaken to determine the prevalence, etiology and results of therapy for postoperative acute renal failure (ARF). Thirty-five patients developed either moderate or severe ARF and an additional 102 developed mild preprenal azotemia. Positive risk factors noted inthe development of postoperative renal failure included age, elevated preoperative concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and decreased 24 hour urine creatinine clearance. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic cross-clamping, and the total duration of the operation also closely correlated with the incidence of ARF. In the early postoperative period, clinical assessment of hemodynamic change was most helpful in predicting postoperative ARF. Significant negative risk factors included type of operation performed, New York Heart Association classification, the use of preoperative diuretic therapy, and associated other chronic illnesses. During the operation itself, the lowest and mean blood pressures, flow rates on CPB and the presence of hemoglobinuria failed to correlate with subsequent ARF. The mortality rate for established ARF was extremely poor (88.8 per cent), and there were no survivors among those requiring dialysis. ARF following cardiac surgery is a highly lethal complication which arises in a setting of inadequate cardiac function and is associated with a multiple organ system failure. Therapy of this postoperative complication, therefore, appears to be better directed toward its prevention rather than treatment once established. PMID- 1249965 TI - Occipital alopecia following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Postoperative alopecia is a minor complication of surgery but a cosmetic disaster to the patient. Over a 3 year period, 60 cases of occipital alopecia were discovered in patients following open-heart surgery and 5 cases on other surgical services. In contrast to previous reports, 29 patients had alopecia one year later, presumed to be permanent. Extensive operations, with prolonged recovery and elective overnight mechanical ventilation, were common to all. Retrospective analysis and prospective studies clearly demonstrated that localized scalp pressure was the cause of the alopecia and that the duration of pressure determined the extent of the damage. Moving the patient's head at regular intervals during operation and recovery eliminated the alopecia. The type of head rest used did not modify the development of alopecia. Electrical injury and the use of heparin, hypothermia, electrocautery, or hypotension were eliminated as possible causes. Conclusive evidence correlating periperative events with the formation of pressure sores in man has not been previously reported. PMID- 1249964 TI - Late results of surgery for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children. AB - Forty-four patients, with a mean age at surgery of 10 years, were followed for 5 to 16 years (mean 9.7 years) after relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. There were no early deaths, but 5 late deaths occurred, 3 following reoperation. Twenty-five patients were recatheterized from 1 to 16 years later (mean 6.6 years). In 21 of 32 patients (66 per cent), a new diastolic murmur followed relief of valvular stenosis; 25 (78 per cent) of these patients had a postoperative diastolic murmur. Seventeen of these 25 (68 per cent) were recatheterized, and 11 of the 17 (65 per cent) had moderate-to-severe aortic incompetence on angiography. Eight patients (18 per cent) have undergone reoperation and 9 more (20 per cent) will have to be reoperated upon soon. Although the aortic valve gradient and left ventricular stroke pressure were reduced in all obstructive types after surgery, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure significantly increased and cardiac index decreased after valvotomy. Cardiomegaly and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were present in 45 and 66 per cent, respectively, of all postoperative patients. Although 93 per cent of patients may be expected to survive and 82 per cent be reoperation free at 10 years, further surgery thereafter becomes increasingly common. Timely relief of obstruction prevents sudden death and produces excellent symptomatic improvement, but the operation is only palliative. Development of a reliable pediatric valve and ventriculo-aortic conduit may encourage earlier and more aggressive therapy. PMID- 1249966 TI - Surgical treatment of unstable angina by saphenous vein and internal mammary artery bypass grafting. AB - During a 3 year period, direct myocardial revascularization was performed on an urgent basis in 48 patients with intermittent resting chest pain which persisted more than 24 hours despite in-hospital medical therapy and was accompanied by electrocardiographic changes representative of ischemia. Sixteen patients had saphenous vein (SV) grafts exclusively, and 32 patients each had one or two internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts with or without additional vein grafts. Follow-up ranges from 5 to 41 months (mean, 22 months). Twelve patients had single grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), 18 had double grafts, 16 had triple grafts, and 2 had quadruple grafts. The LAD required grafting in every patient. There was one operative death (2 per cent) and one late death from noncardiac causes. There were two (4 per cent) early postoperative myocardial infarcts and no late infarcts. Actuarial analysis projects a survival rate of 96 per cent 3 years postoperatively. Eighty-one per cent of the survivors are in Functional Class I, 17 per cent are in Class II, and 2 per cent are in Class III. All patients had postoperative angiography 2 weeks after operation. Eighty-six per cent of the SV grafts and all IMA grafts were open. No significant differences were observed between mean preoperative and postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic pressures or ejection fractions, but these parameters were noted to improve after operation in several patients. The remarkably high early and late survival rates, the low incidence of myocardial infarction, and the excellent functional results after rather long follow-up indicate that emergency coronary revascularization provides an effective therapy for unstable angina. The use of IMA grafts, when feasible, is a safe and possibly preferable approach in these patients. PMID- 1249967 TI - Successful repair of double-outlet right ventricle with bilateral conus, 1 transposition of great arteries (S,D,L), and subpulmonary ventricular septal defect. AB - Surgical correction was carried out successfully in a severely cyanotic 3-year old Japanese girl who had a very rare type of double-outlet right ventricle. The malformation was associated with bilateral conus, 1-transposition of the great arteries, and subpulmonary ventricular septal defect without significant pulmonary stenosis in situs solitus. A large amount of subaortic conal musculature which separated the aortic valve from the subpulmonary ventricular septal defect was removed, as was the anterior rim of the ventricular septal defect. A tunnel, constructed with a woven Teflon prosthesis, was inserted in such a manner as to direct blood from the left ventricle through the defect and out to the aorta. The pulmonary outflow tract was reconstructed with a Teflon patch lined with pericardium. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, and she was doing well 3 months postoperatively. To our knowledge, no identical case with a similar type of surgical correction has previously been reported. PMID- 1249968 TI - Nonoperative management of late failure of a Glenn anastomosis. Transvenous wafer occlusion of patent superior vena cava--right atrial junction. AB - A case is presented illustrating delayed failure of a right Glenn anastomosis due to patency of the superior vena cava-right atrial (SVC-RA) junction. Clinical deterioration was rectified by a unique nonoperative approach. A transvenous catheter was designed, constructed, and used to accurately place an umbrella-like occlusive wafer at the SVC-RA junction. In this manner the integrity of the cavopulmonary shunt was re-established. A gratifying and uncomplicated palliation has thus far been achieved. PMID- 1249969 TI - The proximal basilic vein: a new approach for introduction of a flow-guided catheter into the pulmonary artery.y. PMID- 1249970 TI - Left ventricular--right atrial shunt: an unusual cause of hemodynamic deterioration following aortic valve surgery. AB - Two cases of left ventricular-right atrial shunts inadvertently produced during aortic valve replacement are described. It is surprising that this complication is not more prevalent considering the close proximity of the aortic and mitral valves to the atrioventricular portion of the membranous septum. A left-to-right shunt should be a consideration in patients who fail to improve following aortic valve surgery, especially if the valve and subaortic region were heavily calcified or septal trauma occurred during the surgical procedure. PMID- 1249971 TI - Repair of ventricular septal defect after pulmonary artery banding. AB - Since 1964, 90 patients have undergone two-stage surgical repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) with pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in early infancy and total repair at an average age of 4 years. Reconstruction of the pulmonary artery was accomplished with a pericardial patch, woven Dacron patch, or transverse angioplasty. The VSD was closed with a knitted Dacron patch in 75 patients and by primary suture technique in 13 patients. The VSD closed spontaneously in 2 patients. The mortality rate for patients who had repair and debanding was 9 per cent (8 patients), including 4 deaths due to severe pulmonary hypertensive disease, 3 from congestive heart failure, and one from atrioventricular block. Twenty patients underwent repeat cardiac catheterization several months to 7 years after total repair. This study revealed no shunt in 16 patients and a minimal shunt not requiring operation in the other 4 children. Slight residual stenosis of the pulmonary artery was found in 2 patients and a residual infundibular stenosis in another 2 patients. We believe two-stage surgical treatment of VSD in severely ill infants under one year of age is safe and reliable. PMID- 1249972 TI - Secundum atrial septal defect encountered in infancy. AB - From 1953 to 1972, approximately 170 patients less than 16 years old were seen at the Mayo Clinic for isolated secundum atrial septal defect. Thirteen of these patients were initially seen when they were less than 2 years old. Eleven of the patients had symptoms, and one of these died. Four patients failed to respond to medical management and underwent successful repair of their defects before they were 2 years old. Infants with isolated secundum atrial septal defect and significant symptoms are at an increased risk of death. Consideration should be given to early surgical closure of the defect in those infants who do not respond promptly and completely to medical therapy. Surgical repair in infancy can be accomplished with minimal risk and excellent early and long-term clinical results. PMID- 1249973 TI - Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum. Surgical consideration and experience in 29 cases. AB - Twnety-nine cases of aneurysm of the membranous septum in association with various cardiac abnormalities are described. These aneurysms are more common than has been previously thought (10% of the total associated anomalies managed surgically). The patients' ages ranged from 3 months to 28 years. All of the 29 patients were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 15 patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 5 of whom had associated artrial septal defect (ASD). Group II consisted of 5 patients with VSD and pulmonic obstruction, and Group III comprised 9 patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Complete correction was performed in all the patients, and the aneurysm was imbricated in the suture line of the VSD in all cases but one. There was only one hospital death, the result of subpulmonic obstruction. This occurred in the first patient of this series, who had aneurysm of the membranous septum in TGA and VSD and in whom the aneurysm was not suspected preoperatively and was overlooked at surgery. There were no late deaths. In 5 patients a small residual VSD and in 3 patients a small recurrent aneurysm were found in a postoperative study. When these accompanying aneurysms are encountered during surgery or are previously diagnosed, resection or imbrication of the sac should be accomplished in order to prevent further enlargement or postoperative arrhythmias and, especially in TGA, to avoid fatal subpulmonic obstruction as occurred in our only death. According to the present data, in the presence of an aneurysm, even a small VSD should be closed by a patch and the aneurysm should perhaps be excised. PMID- 1249974 TI - Bubble mechanics and oxygen transfer. PMID- 1249975 TI - Surgical treatment of thrombosed Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis. AB - Massive thrombosis of a Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis occurs with significant frequency when adequate anticoagulation has not been attained. The converse is also true: This complication is extremely rare in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Therefore, we recommend anticoagulants for all patients with Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prostheses. Once a diagnosis of a thrombosed prothesis is made, however, immediate operation is indicated. Declotting of the valve without removal of the disc is adequate treatment. After thrombectomy, it is extremely important to evaluate the entire prosthesis critically, with particular attention to the area of the hinge and the occluder. If any wear is observed, the entire prosthesis should be replaced. Excellent long-term results can be expected if the patient is maintained on adequate anticoagulation postoperatively. PMID- 1249976 TI - Myocardial infarction complicated by rheumatic heart disease. AB - This report describes the case of a 32-year-old woman with the sudden onset of chest pain and an evolving inferior wall infarction proved by the electrocardiogram and enzyme studies. The patient underwent embolectomy 2 months later for a thromboembolus in the right main coronary artery. An autologous patch graft was used to close the arteriotomy. Four years later, the patient is asymptomatic, having no activity limitations. The patch graft to the right coronary artery is patent. This case exemplifies and reaffirms the possibility of emboli being lodged in the coronary arteries in certain types of disease. It may be necessary to operate in order to re-establish proper coronary circulation. PMID- 1249977 TI - Surgical treatment of truncus arteriosus, with emphasis on infants and small children. AB - Two of 10 children with truncus arteriosus, Type I, II, less than 2 years of age, 6 of 7 between 2 and 5 years of age, and all 5 older than 5 years survived after complete repair. Five of the nine hospital deaths are believed related to inadequate intra- and postoperative management. One late death has occurred 42 months postoperatively. The low hospital mortality rates in those 2 years of age and older, good long-term results to date, and the poor prognosis of children not operated upon indicate the advisability of elective repair at age 2 to 3 years. Although results in infants less than 2 years old have not been good, current improvements of intra- and postoperative care and the lack of a better alternative suggest that prompt primary repair is indicated for infants with intractable heart failure or increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 1249978 TI - Tricuspid valve prosthetic replacement. Early and late results with the Starr Edwards prosthesis. AB - The total experience (154 patients) with ball-valve (Starr-Edwards) replacement of the tricuspid valve, alone and in combination, through Dec. 31, 1971, at the Mayo Clinic is reviewed. The early mortality rate with isolated tricuspid replacement was twice that for tricuspid replacement combined with replacement of other valves. Among patients receiving three valves, those with "functional'' tricuspid insufficiency and those who were in New York Heart Association (N.Y.H.A.) Class IV preoperatively had a higher early mortality rate. The early mortality rate for the total group was 28%. Of those surviving tricuspid plus mitral valve replacement, 70% were alive at 3 years; at latest follow-up, 94% of those surviving were functionally improved. Of those surviving triple valve replacement, 56% were alive at 3 years; at latest follow-up, 93% of those surviving were functionally improved. Previous cardiac surgery with residual tricuspid valve dysfunction and severe disability, as judged by N.Y.H.A. class, influenced the outcome adversely. The experience reported here provides a standard against which never prostheses can be compared. PMID- 1249979 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of complications of the mitral bioprosthesis. AB - The echophonocardiographic diagnoses of valvular and paravalvular insufficiency, calcific stenosis, and thrombolic occlusion of the stent-mounted aortic homograft or heterograft in the mitral position are described. Paravalvular and valvular insufficiency were associated with apical systolic murmurs which decreased in intensity after amyl nitrite inhalation and with echocardiograms which showed initial diastolic slopes of the stents in excess of the normal range (1.9 to 3.3 cm. per second). In clinically improved and stable patients, amyl nitrite inhalation resulted in increased intensity of the commonly heard systolic ejection type murmur at the left sternal border and echocardiographic evidence of further narrowing of the outflow tract measured between the interventricular septum and the anterior portion of the stent. Calcific homograpft stenosis was associated with a decreased diastolic stent slope (0.4 cm. per second) and increased echo density from the tissue leaflets. Thrombus formation on the sewing ring caused fatal inflow occlusion in 2 patients. The condition was characterized by an echocardiogram showing decreased ratio of internal-to-external stent diameter, 0.47 (normal range 0.56 to 0.74), decreased diastolic stent slope, and decreased leaflet excursion. PMID- 1249980 TI - Surgical treatment for closed thoracic aortic injuries. AB - Eighteen patients with acute aortic tear secondary to nonpenetrating thoracic trauma and seven with chronic tears have been operated upon. Of the patients with acute injury, 28% had normal chest x-ray on admission. The diagnosis of acute aortic tear was made by aortography in all patients. Two patients died from causes unrelated to the aortic injury. In the group of 18 patients in which some method of perfusing the distal aorta was used, two developed paraplegia; in the group of 7 treated with simple aortic cross-clamping none occurred. The average aortic cross-clamp time 69 and 23 minutes, respectively, and average blood administration 3,139 and 1,700 ml., respectively. We conclude that the diagnosis of acute aortic tear cannot be reliably made on clinical grounds, and that with properly trained personnel the method of choice is usually simple aortic cross clamping during repair. PMID- 1249981 TI - Intraventricular repair of transposition complexes with ventricular septal defect. AB - Repair of transposition of the great arteries by the technique developed by Mustard is the method routinely used for correction of such anomalies. Intraventricular repair of transposition complexes associated with a large ventricular septal defect can prevent some of the limitations and late complications of the intra-atrial operation. A technique is described of intraventricular repair of an unusual Taussig-Bing type of anomaly with a pericardial patch as a baffle to channel left ventricular outflow to the aorta and right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery. PMID- 1249982 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary artery diagnosed preoperatively by angiocardiography. Replacement with composite graft. AB - In a patient with rapidly progressive congestive heart failure and syncope, primary leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed by angiocardiography. The pulmonary artery was resected and replaced with a composite graft. The patient died 12 days later from myofibrillar degeneration of the right ventricle and marked pulmonary disease secondary to pre-existing bronchiectasis. PMID- 1249983 TI - Chylothorax after median sternotomy for intrapericardial cardiac surgery. AB - Chylothorax following cardiovascular surgery occurs with an incidence of 0.25 to 0.5 per cent. We are aware of only 5 reported cases in the literature following intrapericardial procedures. This report includes the forth documented case following ventricular septal defect closure and the first 4 reported cases following median sternotomy for intrapericardial acquired cardiac disease. The fistula in all cases occurred in the anterior mediastinum in the region of the thymic tissue. This problem can be prevented by surgical ligation of the thymic vascular structures at the time of dissection rather than the use of electrocautery. The treatment recommended is a 2 week trial of conservative therapy with a diet of medium-chain triglycerides and closed-chest suction. If this fails, surgical division of the fistula is recommended. PMID- 1249984 TI - Synthesis and conformation of sequential polypeptides of L-alanine and beta aminobutyric acid. AB - Sequential polypeptides with the repeating units L-alanyl-(S)-beta-aminobutyric acid, L-alanyl-(R)-beta-aminobutyric acid, and L-alanyl-(R,S)-beta-aminobutyric acid have been synthesized by polycondensation of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester hydrochloride salts of the corresponding dipeptides. Circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy studies of films of the polypeptides and circular dichroism study of their solutions in hexafluoro-2-propanol and hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol show the tendency of the polypeptides to adopt the beta conformation in the solid state. In pure hexafluoro-2-propanol or hexafluoroacetone, the three polymers adopt what we interpret as random coil conformations. In mixtures of hexafluoro-2 propanol-water or hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol-water, the polypeptide containing the S isomer shows a definite tendency to form beta structure. This tendency is not established for the R and the R,S isomers. PMID- 1249985 TI - Statistical mechanical treatment of protein conformation. I. Conformational properties of amino acids in proteins. AB - A statistical mechanical (one-dimensional Ising model) treatment, based on the dominance of short-range interactions, is developed in this series of papers; it is intended as an improvement over empirical prediction schemes for obtaining approximate initial conformations of proteins (to be used to try to deduce the native conformation by subsequent energy minimization). In the present paper, the statistical weights for a two-state model (alpha-helical and other conformations) and for a three-state model (alpha-helical, extended, and other conformations) are evaluated from x-ray data on 16 native proteins. The method for evaluating the statistical weights is presented. Asymmetric alpha-helical nucleation parameters are also evaluated for the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. On the basis of these statistical weights, the conformational properties of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids are discussed. The statistical weights evaluated from x-ray data are also discussed in comparison with experimental results on the helix--coil transition in polyamino acids in solution. The predominant role of short-range interactions, and some possible long-range effects in determining the statistical weights, are discussed in conjunction with the mechanism of protein folding. PMID- 1249986 TI - Statistical mechanical treatment of protein conformation. II. A three-state model for specific-sequence copolymers of amino acids. AB - A one-dimensional three-state Ising model [involving alpha-helical (alpha), extended (epsilon), and coil (or other) (c) states] for specific-sequence copolymers of amino acids ahs been formulated in order to treat the conformational states of proteins. This model involves four parameters (wh,iota, vh, iota, v episilon, iota, and uc, iota), and requires a 4 X 4 matrix for generating statistical weights. Some problems in applying this model to a specific-sequence copolymer of amino acids are discussed. A nearest-neighbor approximation for treating this three-state model is also formulated; it requires a 3 X 3 matrix, in which the same four parameters appear, but (as with the 4 X 4 matrix treatment) only three parameters (wh, uh, and v epsilon) are required if relative statistical weights are used. The relationship between the present three state model (3 X 3 matrix treatment) and models of the helix--coil transition is discussed. Then, the three-state model (3 X 3 matrix treatment) is incorporated into an earlier (Tanaka--Scheraga) model of the helix-coil transition, in which asymmetric nucleation of helical sequences is taken into account. A method for calculating molecular averages and conformational-sequence probabilities, P(iota/eta/(rho)), i.e., the probability of finding a sequence of eta residues in a specific conformational state (rho), starting at the iotath position of the chain, is described. Two alternative methods for calculating P(iota/eta/(rho)), that can be applied to a model involving any number of states, are proposed and presented; one is the direct matrix-multiplication method, and the other uses a first-order a priori probability and a conditional probability. In this paper, these calculations are performed with the nearest-neighbor model, and without the feature of asymmetric nucleation. Finally, it is indicated how the three-state model and the methods for computing P(iota/eta/(rho)) can be applied to predict protein conformation. PMID- 1249987 TI - Statistical mechanical treatment of protein conformation. III. Prediction of protein conformation based on a three-state model. AB - The method proposed for the evaluation of statistical weights in paper I, and the three-state model [alpha-helical (alpha), extended (epsilon), and other (c) states] formulated in paper II, have been used to develop a procedure to predict the backbone conformations of proteins, based on the concept of the predominant role played by shortrange interactions in determining protein conformation. Conformational probability profiles, in which the probabilities of formation of three consecutive alpha-helical conformations (triad) and of four consecutive extended conformations (tetrad) have been defined relative to their average values over the whole molecule, are calculated for 19 proteins, of which 16 had been used in paper I to evaluate the set of statistical weights of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. By comparing these conformational probability profiles to experimental x-ray observations, the following results have been obtained: 80% of the alpha-helical regions and 72% of the extended conformational regions have been predicted correctly for the 19 proteins. The percentage of residues predicted correctly is in the range of 53 to 90% for the alpha-helical conformation and in the range of 63 to 88% for the extended conformation for the 19 proteins in the two-state models [alpha-helical (alpha) and other (c) states, and extended (epsilon) and other (c) states]. In the three-state model, the percentage of residues predicted correctly is in the range of 47% to 77 for 19 proteins. These results suggest that the assumption of the dominance of short range interactions, on which the predictive scheme is based, is a reasonable one. The present predictive method is compared with that of other authors. PMID- 1249988 TI - Comments on exclusion of polymer chains from small pores and its relation to gel permeation chromatography. AB - Some criticisms of our theoretical treatment of the partial exclusion of flexible chain polymers in solution from cavities of macromolecular size and its application to gel permeation chromatography are examined. In other discussion, it is confirmed by simple reasoning that the identification, explicit or implicit in various studies, of the mean projection of a polymer molecule onto a line as a characteristic dimension governing the extent of permeation of simple pores does not depend on specific molecular models. Our previous calculation of permeation by certain random-flight branched-chain species is shown to lead, incidentally, to the mean projection for these structures. From relations between the mean projection and the hydrodynamic volume of a molecule, it appears that the product of intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight is not a common calibration factor for elution of all molecular species from a gel chromatographic column, but theory and experience do support the validity of this correlation among solutes with similar molecular architecture. PMID- 1249989 TI - Helix--coil stability constants for the naturally occurring amino acids in water. X. Tyrosine parameters from random poly(hydroxypropylglutamine-co-L-tyrosine). AB - The synthesis and characterization of water-soluble random copolymers containing L-tyrosine with N2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine are described, and the thermally induced helix--coil transitions of these copolymers in water have been studied. The incorporation of L-tyrosine was found to increase the helix content of the polymers at all temperatures. The Zimm-Bragg parameters sigma and sigma for the helix--coil transition in poly(L-tyrosine) in water were deduced from an analysis of the melting curves of the copolymers in the manner described in earlier papers. The large value of sigma indicates that, in water, tyrosine has a tendency to promote helix--coil boundaries at all temperatures; the values of sigma indicate that this residue enhances helix growth at low temperature and reduces it at high temperature. PMID- 1249990 TI - Moments and distribution functions for polypeptide chains. Poly-L-alanine. AB - Statistical mechanical averages of vectors and tensors characterizing the configurations of polypeptides have been calculated for poly-L-alanines (PLA) of xu = 2-400 peptide units. These quantities are expressed in the reference frame of the first peptide unit, the X axis being situated along the virtual bond, the Y axis in the plane of the peptide unit. The persistence vector a identical to (r) converges rapidly with chain length to its limit a infinity which lies virtually in the XZ plane. Configurational averages of Cartesian tensors up to the sixth rank formed from the displacement vector p = r-a have been computed. For xu greater than 50 the even moments of fourth and sixth rank formed from the reduced vector p for the real chain are well repreented by the freely jointed chain with 21.7 virtual bonds equivalent to one of the model. The moments of p display assymmetry for xu less than 50. Density distribution functions Wa(p), evaluated from the three-dimensional Hermite series truncated at the term in the polynomial involving the tensors of p of sixth rank, display no obvious symmetry for xu less than 50. Approximate spherical symmetry of the distribution of p about a is observed only for xu greater than or equal to 100. PMID- 1249991 TI - Conformation of cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Tyr-delta-Avaler-delta-Avaler), a synthetic inhibitor of chymotrypsin, by x-ray analysis. AB - The synthetic cyclic tetrapeptide (L-Leu-L-Tyr-delta-Avaler-delta-Avaler) is an effective inhibitor of chymotrypsin, competitive with linear peptides like Ac-L Leu-L-Tyr-OMe. An x-ray diffraction analysis of the crystal structure of the cyclic peptide shows that the conformation of the 18-membered ring is very similar to that of one of the four conformers of cyclic hexaglycyl. There is no internal hydrogen bonding. Side chains are located on two "corners" of the approximately rectangular ring. The chii1 angles for Leu and Tyr are -74 and -48 degrees, respectively. The Leu side chain is extended away from the polypeptide ring while the Tyr side chain is folded under an adjacent carbonyl bond. The cell parameters for the space group P2U are: a = 9.361 (3 A, b = 19.039 (10) A, c = 9.603 (3), A, and beta = 116.54 (3) degrees. A molecule of (CH3)2SO (disordered) and a molecule of H2O cocrystallized with the cyclic peptide. PMID- 1249992 TI - Frictional properties of dilute block-copolymer solutions and homopolymer solutions. Application to molecular weight determination. AB - An equation for the translational diffusion coefficient of block copolymers in dilute solution has been obtained by modifying Zimm's equation for homopolymers to take into account the existence of dissimilar segments in block copolymers. Illustrative calculations for homopolymers and block copolymers have been made and the results for homopolymers have been compared with experiments and with the calculations of Yamakawa and Fujii. A procedure has been proposed to determine the molecular weight of a block copolymer from measurements of its limiting viscosity number and its sedimentation coefficient or translational diffusion coefficient. PMID- 1249993 TI - Further echocardiographic observations in pericardial effusion. AB - Although the presence of fluid behind the left atrium, on echocardiography, has been used to differentiate pleural from pericardial effusions, five cases are reported showing that pericardial fluid can and does accumulate behind the left atrium. Abnormal valvular motion, as a result of free swinging of the heart in the pericardial sac, was also demonstrated in these patients. PMID- 1249994 TI - Pili, plasmids, and microbial virulence. PMID- 1249995 TI - Elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone levels in status asthmaticus. AB - Elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were noted in seven patients with status asthmaticus during the acute illness. These values returned to normal with resolution of the disease. The mechanism of this release is not completely understood but is consistent with the hypothesis that bronchospasm leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow, decreased volume return to the left atrium, and stimulation of the atrial volume receptors regulating ADH release. Planning for fluid therapy in patients with status asthmaticus should take into account a high probability of increased plasma ADH concentration during the acute illness. Water intoxication as well as hypoxia and hypercarbia should be considered as a possible cause of an altered state of consciousness associated with status asthmaticus. PMID- 1249996 TI - Fine structural morphometry of diffuse lung diseases with abnormal blood-air gas transfer. AB - Samples of lung biopsy tissue from nine patients with normal lungs, seven with pulmonary sarcoidosis, nine with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, seven with histiocytosis X, and one with asbestosis were analyzed by morphometric techniques applied to electron micrographs, and the results were subjected to rank-sum analysis. Within the limits of the sampling method and the mathematical predictions of others, the general rejection of the constructed hypothesis in this study supports the conclusion that factors other than increase in the arithmetic of harmonic mean thickness of the blood-air barrier are critical to impaired gas transfer in the diseases studied. PMID- 1249997 TI - An aflatoxin in the liver of a patient with Reye-Johnson syndrome. AB - Liver specimens from 8 patients with Reye-Johnson syndrome, 2 patients with acute encephalopathy, and 10 patients without liver disease were analyzed for aflatoxins. An aflatoxin was obtained from the liver of one patient, a 15-year old girl who had clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of Reye-Johnson syndrome. Thin-layer chromatography, fluorescence emission, infrared spectroscopy, and derivatization studies characterized the aflatoxin as related structurally to but not identical with aflatoxin B1. This report is added to previous ones from Thailand, New Zealand, and Czechoslovakia in which the association of aflatoxins and fatty liver has been found in Reye-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 1249998 TI - The epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms of childhood. A population study. AB - All primary intracranial neoplasms diagnosed between 1935 and 1964, inclusive, in the well-defined populations of children under age 15 residing in the state of Connecticut and the city of Rochester, Minnesota, formed the basis for this study. The tumors occurring in this group were characterized by histologic type and by the patient's sex and the age when the tumor occurred. In Connecticut, over the 30-year period, a primary intracranial neoplasm was diagnosed in 380 patients in a mean population of 582,286 children, yielding an average annual incidence rate of 2.17 cases/100,000 population per year. Of the microscopically confirmed tumors, the most common, in order, were medulloblastoma (24.2%), astrocytoma (20.6%), glioblastoma (20.3%), ependymoma (6.5%), craniopharyngioma (5.6%) and meningioma (4.6%). These figures contrast sharply with the corresponding frequency of these tumors in the adult Connecticut population. In Rochester during the same years, 12 primary intracranial neoplasms occurred in a mean population of 7,981 children, yielding an average annual incidence rate of 5.01 cases/100,000 population per year. PMID- 1249999 TI - Ricinoleic acid (castor oil) alters intestinal surface structure. A scanning electronmiscroscopic study. AB - To determine if sodium ricinoleate, the active principle of castor oil, alters mucosal surface structure of the small intestine, rabbit ileum was perfused with isotonic buffer or buffer containing 10 mM of sodium ricinoleate. Mucosal biopsies were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Sodium ricinoleate produced deep clefts or holes at the tips of villi, and at the bases of these clefts unusual cells could be resolved. The microvillus surface of the intestine was also altered at the tips and sides of villi. Microvilli were clumped into "tufts" with numerous intervening "cracks" appearing on the surface. These changes may relate to the well-documented capacity of ricinoleate and dietary long-chain fatty acids to evoke fluid secretion in the intestine. The findings thus pertain to the pharmacology of castor oil and the pathophysiology of steatorrheal disease. PMID- 1250000 TI - [Levels of outpatient care--a study within the framework of the Tierp project]. PMID- 1250001 TI - [Pregnancy cholestasis, oral contraceptives and gallbladder calculi]. PMID- 1250002 TI - [Gastro-esophageal reflux]. PMID- 1250003 TI - [Diazoxide in severe hypertension]. PMID- 1250004 TI - [Intravenous urography and renal angiography in renovascular disease]. PMID- 1250005 TI - [Chronic supra-ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 1250006 TI - [Small wound--big effect]. PMID- 1250007 TI - [Hysteria and drug adverse effects]. PMID- 1250008 TI - [Withdrawal of beta adrenergic antagonist]. PMID- 1250009 TI - [Mental child health services--working methods and need for cooperation]. PMID- 1250010 TI - [Determination of work capacity in heart patients]. PMID- 1250011 TI - [Hodgkin's disease--views of an internal medicine specialist]. PMID- 1250012 TI - [Health control of women with arterial hypertension during 2n earlier pregnancy]. PMID- 1250013 TI - [Tumbu fly or don't sitt in the sand south of Sahara]. PMID- 1250014 TI - [A boy with intestinal obstruction should be hospitalized for observation]. PMID- 1250015 TI - [Error during abortion--2 physicians got warning]. PMID- 1250016 TI - [Paragraph 52 reports]. PMID- 1250018 TI - [Work of the special coagulation laboratories]. PMID- 1250017 TI - [Pleural plaques and asbestos]. PMID- 1250019 TI - [Obligatory protective helmet even for moped rides!]. PMID- 1250020 TI - [Impressions of French orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 1250021 TI - [Case reports on chronic psycho-organic syndrome in house painters]. PMID- 1250022 TI - [Psychological function changes in house painters (II)]. PMID- 1250023 TI - [Neuropsychiatric disease in workers exposed to solvents--a case control study]. PMID- 1250024 TI - [Simple screening to establish twin pregnancy]. PMID- 1250025 TI - [The patient in proper light]. PMID- 1250026 TI - [Gastroenterologic fiberoptic endoscopy]. PMID- 1250027 TI - [Dosage spacing in hypertension]. PMID- 1250028 TI - [Clinical bacteriology, clinical virology, hospital hygiene]. PMID- 1250029 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 1250030 TI - [Who should select x-ray film for medical use?]. PMID- 1250031 TI - [42 drug addicts--a follow-up study]. PMID- 1250032 TI - [Sex chromosomes and social deviants. Reflexions on a "crushed" theory]. PMID- 1250033 TI - [Great need for medical adid in Angola]. PMID- 1250035 TI - [Editorial: Pleural plaques and asbestos]. PMID- 1250034 TI - [Editorial: Compulsory vaccination of children to be abolished]. PMID- 1250036 TI - [Medical decision making from a psychological point of view]. PMID- 1250037 TI - [The reliability of information obtained from middle-aged men about the causes of their parents' death and their age at death]. PMID- 1250038 TI - [AST- and ASTA-determinations in internal medicine--to any help?]. PMID- 1250039 TI - [Forced diuresis for flushing of bladder after urological operations]. PMID- 1250040 TI - [Therapy of drug induced parkinsonism]. PMID- 1250041 TI - [Malignant skin melanoma--epidemiological and statistical aspects]. PMID- 1250042 TI - [Malignant melanoma--pathological-anatomical aspects]. PMID- 1250043 TI - [Skin melanoma--clinical views]. PMID- 1250044 TI - [Chemical diagnosis of melanoma]. PMID- 1250045 TI - [Immunological aspects of melanoma]. PMID- 1250046 TI - [Non-surgical treatment of melanoma]. PMID- 1250047 TI - [Experimental and clinical investigations in pathophysiology of renal artery stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of renal artery stenosis on the poststenotic hemodynamics is demonstrated and evaluated in the presented experimental and clinical investigation. It is shown that the resistance of a medium sized stenosis is small compared to the total renal resistance. The peripheral resistance which is induced by the stenosis is the essential characteristic in the pathophysiology of the renal artery stenosis and the resulting hypertension. The increasing pressure can be measured primarily in the stenosed artery and later also in the not stenosed side and is seen as an effect of the renin-angiotensin-mechanism. The renal artery flow returns to normal after removal of the experimental stenosis. Likewise the reduction in renal artery flow is normalized by resection of the stenosis in the initial phase of the clinical renal artery stenosis. The induced hypertension is reversed to normal. Since the resistance in the initial phase is essentially limited to the stenosed side the global renal resistance is only little increased. Increased total renal resistance is due to morphological changes in the peripheral vessels. The removal of the stenosis will not be followed by a decrease in bloodpressure. This is to be seen in the data of our clinical cases. The critical limit for an effective operation followed by a decrease in artery pressure is to be seen in a total renal resistance of over 0.25 mm Hg/ml min-1. PMID- 1250048 TI - [Histological findings after transabdominal ligation-resection of the esophagus ad modum boerema (author's transl)]. AB - The esophagus was histologically studied in ten patients, who died after transabdominal ligation-resection of the esophagus ad modum Boerema because of bleeding esophageal varices. The patients had survived the operation for various periods of time. The questioning was, if with this operation with a higher incidence of parietal leakage following mediastinitis and peritonitis has to be calculated. We could not confirm that hypothesis. On the contrary we recognized at the level of the ligation simulataneously degenerated muscles fibres and a regeneration of the esophageal wall by fibrous tissue compensation. PMID- 1250049 TI - [Duodenogastric reflux after vagotomy and pyloroplasty (author's transl)]. AB - In 27 patients after selective or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty the occurrence of duodenogastric reflux was checked by two methods, by the measurement of Bromsulphalein (BSP)-concentration in the gastric aspirate after BSP was given intravenously and by instillation of a barium meal in the second part of the duodenum followed by upper GI-series. In 20 of 23 patients reflux was recorded radiologically, in 18 of 27 patients reflux was shown by the BSP-Method. Proven bile reflux was associated with major postoperative discomfort, such as epigastric fullness, nausea and epigastric pain, it was also associated with gastritis as shown by microscopic examination of biopsies taken from the antrum. It is recommended to consider duodenogastric reflux as a possible reason for patients complaints after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. To avoid those complaints the preference of proximal gastric vagotomy without pyloroplasty is supported, if preoperative gastric emptying is not impaired. PMID- 1250050 TI - [Clinical results by selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (author's transl)]. AB - The results of selective proximal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal and gastric ulcer in 464 patients over the last 5 years were evaluated in 438 cases. More than 75% of the patients were observed for 2 years after the operation. More than 25% were emergency cases, the incidence of intraoperative complications like splenic lesions or perforation of the esophagus was 3.2%. Postoperative complications like leakage of the pyloroplasty, peritonitis, hemorrhage from the pyloroplasty or disruption of the laparotomy closure occurred in 14,4%. The overall mortality was 4.6%, the elective mortality 1.6%. Recurrent ulcers were seen after 1/2-2 1/4 years with an overall rate of 3.2%. Over half of these cases required relaparotomy. In 5.3% relaparotomy had to be done for peritonitis, GI bleeding, bleeding from the lesser curvature of the stomach, ileus or carcinoma. The Pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion remained constantly reduced for more then 2 years in over 60%. Following the Visick-grading system the results were good in 61-65% of the patients and bad in 16-22% depending on the time of observation. PMID- 1250051 TI - [Blood supply and histophysiology of the appendices epiploicae (author's transl)]. AB - The appendices epiploicae of the colon wall are constituted of three morphologically different types: stalked appendices and others which are attached with their base in longitudinal and vertical direction to the colon axis. The appendices have a characteristic blood supply which varies with the different forms. In difference to other regions of the fat-organ in the human body an increased number of interstitial cells between capillaries and fat-cells can be found. These cells are obviously inserted in the insulin-controlled fat metabolism of the appendices. The interpretation of these morphological findings is that functionally the appendices may play a role in the resorption of water and electrolytes from the colon contents. PMID- 1250052 TI - [Embolism by ultrasound-thrombolysis (author's transl)]. AB - By ultrasound it is possible to destroy thrombi intravascular and remove them by a hollow flexible probe at the same time. Experiments were now performed in 6 dogs with 2-9 days old thromboses in the femoral or iliac veins, to detect embolisation during ultrasound-thrombolysis. Parameters were pulmonary angiograms and lung scans. Only in one dog with a floating thrombus in the iliac vein signs of pulmonary embolism were found after thrombolysis. The controls of the other 5 dogs were normal. PMID- 1250053 TI - [Aortic arch syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - This report demonstrates a case of a fully developed aortic arch syndrome with an unusual lack of symptoms. A sufficient collateralisation and nearly free cerebral vessels were hiding the clinical manifestations of arteriosclerosis for a long time. Besides the diagnostic maneuvers the operative therapy is shown during which a short, acute circulatory failure occurred caused by a reflex reaction of the carotic sinus due to the improved blood supply. PMID- 1250054 TI - [Postoperative changes in immunoglobulin-concentrations after splenectomy. A prospective survey series (author's transl)]. AB - The three immunoglobulin classes A, G and M were quantitatively determined through immune diffusion preoperatively as well as in the first 60 days in 31 patients after splenectomy and the results were statistically evaluated. In comparison with the initial preoperative values, a temporary, significant elevation of the serum concentration of the IgA and IgG was found, whereby the IgA concentration on the 60th postoperative day corresponded already to the preoperative initial values, whilst the IgG were at this time still significantly elevated. There was a beginning significant decrease in serum concentration of the IgM between the 15th and 20th postoperative day, which was very pronounced on the 60th day. This determination coincides with the half-life time of the IgM and can be regarded as an indication for a localisation of the IgM producing cells in the spleen. PMID- 1250055 TI - [Preoperative analysis of the gastric secretion as guidance for the operative procedure of peptic jejunal ulcers (author's transl)]. AB - The development of a peptic jejunal ulcer after partial gastrectomy may result either from a technical deficiency of the anastomotic region, a seldom-occurring gastrin producing tumor, a displacement of the pyloric antrum into the alkaline milieu of the duodenal stump, an abnormally high vagus tone, or from too low a resection. In 17 out of 32 patients with a peptic jejunal ulcer preoperative gastric secretion analysis were performed during consecutive stimulation of the gastric secretion by gastrin-pentapeptide, histalog, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. A high basal secretion, which could only be minimally stimulated by exogenous gastrin, required the operative revision of the duodenal stump. A vagotomy was found to be sufficient in patients reacting strongly to hypoglycemia and moderately to gastrin-pentapeptide or histalog. A hypersecretion after stimulation by gastrin-pentapeptide, histalog as well as by hypoglycemia was an indication for a re-resection of the gastric stump. The latter was combined with vagotomy if both the basal and the stimulated secretion values were found to be increased to higher levels. Up to now the postoperative conditions of the patients seem to give support to the procedure applied. It should be possible to reduce the operative letality of the re-resection of peptic jejunal ulcers on the basis of the aforementioned careful selection. Out of the 32 patients of this study only one was lost. PMID- 1250056 TI - Regeneration and transplantation of muscles in old rats and between young and old rats. PMID- 1250057 TI - The increase in brain tryptophan caused by amphetamine-like drugs: correlation with an increase in body temperature. PMID- 1250058 TI - Alcohol-hexobarbital interaction in rats under acute stress. PMID- 1250059 TI - Statistics for disinterested scientists. PMID- 1250060 TI - Hypertension after localized transection of brainstem fibres. PMID- 1250061 TI - On the mode of formation of tetrahydro-beta carbolines. PMID- 1250062 TI - The effects of some pharmacologically active amines on the rate of gastric emptying in rats. PMID- 1250064 TI - Neutral lipid composition of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus cells at two phases of growth. AB - The mosquito cells Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus were grown in spinner cultures. The fatty acid profiles of the neutral lipid classes were analyzed, and comparisons were made between the two species at logarithmic and stationary phases of growth and between the species and the medium. The results from the data suggest an increase in the average chain length of the fatty acids in the free fatty acid and sterol ester fractions of the Culex quinquefasciatus cells with aging. From the logarighmic to stationary phase, both Culex cells showed some increase in desaturation of acids in the di- and triglyceride and free fatty acid fractions. The Culex tritaeniorhynchus cells also showed some increase in desaturation of acids in the monoglyceride fraction. Differences between the two Culex species at the logarithmic phase of growth were observed in the fatty acid profiles of all the neutral lipid fractions examined and at the stationary phase of growth in the free fatty acid, triglyceride, and sterol ester fractions. PMID- 1250063 TI - Phospholipid exchange proteins in rat intestine. AB - The 105,000 g supernatant and pH 5.1 supernatant fractions from rat intestinal homogenates stimulate phosphatidylcholine exchange between [32P] phosphatidylcholine liposomes and beef heart mitochondria. This active fraction shows the characteristics of a protein. Isoelectric focusing of the intestinal pH 5.1 fraction shows two peaks of phosphatidylcholine exchange activity: one at an acidic pH (4.5-5.3), the other in a basic pH range (8-9). The second peak of activity appears to be a new phospholipid exchange protein. The anatomic distribution of phosphatidylcholine exchange activity in intestine has been investigated. Expressed per mg of protein, phosphatidylcholine exchange activity is higher in mucosa than in the intestinal wall. No significant differences have been found between villi and crypts cells or between jejunal and ileal villi. Futhermore, exchange activity per mg of protein in mucosa is unaffected by fasting or by feeding a high fat or high cholesterol diet. This suggests that phospholipid exchange activity in the absorptive cells is not a rate limiting step in the process of fat absorption. PMID- 1250065 TI - Comparison of the lipid composition of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus cells obtained from the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. AB - Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus cells were grown in spinner culture medium. The cells were harvested at late logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. The total lipid, total neutral lipid, and total phospholipid contents of the cells were analyzed to determine changes that occurred in the fatty acid profiles of the lipids with aging and between species. There was an increase in the amount of total neutral lipids with a corresponding decrease in amount of total phospholipid from logarithmic to stationary phases of growth of the Culex quinquefasciatus cells. Chain elongation and/or desaturation of acids occurred with aging of cells. The fatty acids of the phospholipids had a longer average chain length than the neutral lipids. PMID- 1250067 TI - Effect of cold stress on rapeseed oil fed rats. AB - No mortality was observed in 6 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to cold at 4 C for 3 weeks and fed either a control diet (Chow) or a semisynthetic diet containing 20% by wt rapeseed oil high in erucic acid (23.6%). All rats fed the Chow diet and 17 of 20 rats fed the rapeseed oil-containing diet survived 4 weeks in the same environment. Three rats on the latter diet died of self mutilation. Marked myocardial lipidosis as well as a large acumulation of 20:1 and 22:1 was observed in the hearts of rats fed the rapeseed oil-containing diet. Five of 20 rats on the Chow diet and 2 of 20 rats on the rapeseed oil-containing diet had focal necrotic areas in the myocardium. PMID- 1250066 TI - Effect of dietary fat supplementation on the composition and positional distribution of fatty acids in ruminant and porcine glycerides. AB - Dietary fats which were protected from ruminal metabolism were fed to ruminants, and the constituent fatty acids subsequently appeared in the glycerides of tissues and secretory products. These dietary fat induced alterations in tissue lipid composition were particularly apparent when the fat source was enriched with linoleic acid. Similarly, when pigs were fed linoleic-enriched fats, the linoleic acid was incorporated into the adipose tissue triglycerides. Stereospecific analyses were carried out on triglycerides from various tissues and secretory products obtained from animals fed control or linoleate-enriched diets. The analysis of adipose tissue triglycerides showed that linoleate and oleate were preferentially esterified to positions 2 and 3 (cattle and sheep), and positions 1 and 3 (pigs). Of the other major adipose tissue fatty acids, palmitate was preferentially esterified at position 1 (ruminants) and position 2 (pigs), and stearate was preferentially esterified at positions 1 and 3 (ruminants), and position 1 (pigs). Stereospecific analysis of high mol wt milk triglycerides showed that linoleate was either evenly distributed on all three positions (goats), or predominantly on position 3 (cows). Furthermore, the incorporation of this linoleate did not markedly alter the positional specificity of the other major milk triglyceride fatty acids. Of these fatty acids, the short and medium chain length acids (butyratelaurate) were mainly on position 3, myristate and palmitate on positions 1 and 2, and stearate and oleate evenly distributed. Thoracic duct lymph triglycerides from sheep tended to show preferential incorporation of linoleate at position 3, palmitate at position 2, and stearate at position 1 and 3; oleate, on the other hand, tended to be evenly distributed on all three positions of the lymph triglyceride. The stereospecific arrangement of fatty acids in sheep liver triglycerides was similar to that of lymph triglycerides, and this may reflect the uptake of intact or partially hydrolysed chylomicron and/or very low density lipoprotein triglycerides by the liver. There were also some analogies in the stereospecific arrangement of fatty acids on ruminant lymph and milk triglycerides and this may reflect an incomplete hydrolysis of chylomicron and/or very low density lipoprotein triglycerides prior to uptake by the mammary gland. An unusual feature of lymph from sheep fed linoleate was the presence of phospholipids which contained large amounts of linoleate in ca. equal proportion at both positions 1 and 2 of the phospholipid molecule. PMID- 1250069 TI - Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the developing brain: I. Metabolic transformations of intracranially administered 1-14C linolenic acid. AB - Thirteen-day old rats were given intracranial injections of 1-14C linolenic acid (all cis 9, 12, 15 octadecatrienoic acid) and were sacrificed after 8 hr. Analysis of brain fatty acids showed that 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:3, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5, and 22:6 were labeled. The total fatty acid methyl esters were separated into classes according to degree of unsaturation on a AgNO3:SiO2 impregnated plate. The bands were scraped off and the eluted fatty acids were first analyzed by radio-gas liquid chromatography and then subjected to reductive ozonolysis to determine double bond position. The saturated acids, 16:0 and 18:0, as well as the monosaturated 18:1, must have been formed from radioactive acetate produced by beta oxidation of the injected linolenate. Among the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the triene fraction was characterized and identified as 18:3 omega3 (delta9, 12, 15), the starting material, and 20:3 omega3 (delta11, 14, 17); the tetraene fraction was identified as 20:4 omega3 (delta2, 11, 14, 17); the pentaene fraction was identified as 20:5 omega3 (delta5, 8, 11, 14, 17) and 22:5 omega3 (delta7, 10, 13, 16, 19); and, finally, the hexaene fraction was shown to be 22:6 omega3 (delta4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19). The biosynthesis of these omega3 family fatty acids in the brain in situ is discussed. PMID- 1250068 TI - Turnover of fatty acids in rat liver cardiolipin: comparison with other mitochondrial phospholipids. AB - Following intraperitoneal administration of 1-14C-linoleic acid or 2-3H-acetate to rats, the specific radioactivities of both liver cardiolipin and other mitochondrial phospholipids after different time intervals were measured. Comparison of the data obtained with those from another stock of rats treated with 32P-phosphate or 2-3H-glycerol showed that the fatty acids of cardiolipin, like those of other phospholipids, exhibit an independent turnover with respect to the remaining parts of the molecule. The half-life of acyl moieties of cardiolipin is ca. 20% higher than that of the same components of other mitochondrial phospholipids. Moreover, it appears that, in both cardiolipin and other phospholipids, linoleyl residues turn over faster than nonessential fatty acids. Discussion is made as to whether this characteristic can be related to the role of phospholipids in the functioning of some enzymes bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 1250070 TI - Monocarboxylic acids from oxidation of acyclic isoprenoid alkanes by Mycobacterium fortuitum. AB - Mycobacterium fortuitum utilizes certain stereoisometric mixtures of individual multimethyl branched alkanes as sole carbon source, including 2,6(R), 10(S), 14(RS)-tetramethylhexadecane; 2.6(R), 10(S), 14(RS)-tetramethylheptadecane; 2,6(RS), 10(RS)-trimethyltetradecane, and 2,6(R), 10(S)-trimethylpentadecane. Products of oxidation isolated from the bacterial lipids were acids derived predominantly from oxidation of the isopropyl terminus of each alkane, except in the case of 2,6(RS), 10(RS)-trimethyltetradecane. With the latter, acids from oxidation at either terminus were detected in comparable proportions. PMID- 1250071 TI - Cuticular lipids of insects: VIII. Alkanes of the Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex. AB - The cuticular hydrocarbons of the Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex, are all saturated and consist of n-alkanes (29+%), 3-methylalkanes (12%), internally branched monomethylalkanes (26+%), and dimethylalkanes (28+%). The principal n alkane is the C29 component, with a range from C23 to C33. The 3-methylalkanes range from C28 to C32, and the internally branched monomethyl- and dimethylalkanes range from C29 to C39. When the branched alkanes of A. simplex are compared to those from other insects in the order Orthoptera, interesting patterns of methyl branching are observed. PMID- 1250072 TI - In vitro activity of the fatty acyl desaturases of human cancerous and noncancerous tissues. AB - The microsomal desaturase activity of human cancerous and noncancerous tissues was measured in vitro using 1-14C, -11, 14-eicosadienoic and 1-14C-oliec acids as substrates. Tissues used were a case of ovarian cancer, a urinary bladder cancer, a rectal cancer, and a non-specific colonic ulcer with appropriately normal tissues. When 11, 14-20:2 was used as substrate, radioactive tetraene and triene were produced. The tetraene was identified by radio gas chromatography as arachidonic acid (5, 8, 11, 14-20:4), and the triene had a retention time of 5, 11, 14-20:3. Thus, the possibility arises that a delta8 desaturase was involved. In the delta6 desaturase, with the urinary bladder cancerous tissue, the desaturase activity appeared to be decreased in comparison to neighboring tissue, whereas with the colonic cancer tissue, the desaturase appeared to be relatively increased, though the number of samples was inadequate for confidence. PMID- 1250073 TI - Calculation of the rate of utilization of albumin-bound free fatty acids from specific radioactivity data. PMID- 1250075 TI - Addition of N-acetylcysteine to linoleic acid hydroperoxide. AB - Catalyzed by 10(-5)M ionic iron in 80% ethanol, N-acetylcysteine added to linoleic acid hydroperoxide, forming a thiobond. Reaction of a specific isomer of hydroperoxide, 13-hydroperoxy-trans-11, cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, and N acetylcysteine, forms a number of products, of which two were identified as addition compounds. One addition product was 9-S-(N-acetylcysteine)-13-hydroxy-10 ethoxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, and the other was 9-S-(N-acetylcysteine)-10, 13-dihydroxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid. PMID- 1250074 TI - Relationship between erucic acid and myocardial changes in male rats. AB - The back and belly fat of pigs fed a diet containing 20% by wt rapeseed oil (22% erucic acid) for 16 weeks was rendered into oil. This rendered pig fat, which contained 5.6% erucic acid, was fed to male rats in three separate experiments at 20% by wt of the diet for 16 weeks. In experiment I rendered pig fat was compared only to Brassica campestris var. Span rapeseed oil containing 4.8% erucic acid. In experiments II and III, rendered pig fat was compared to commercial lard containing 0.2% docosenoic acid, commercial lard to which 5.4% free erucic acid was added, and Span rapeseed oil. There was no significant (P less than 0.01) differences observed in the level of erucic acid in the hearts of rats fed diets of rendered pig fat, Span rapeseed oil, or commercial lard plus erucic acid. However, the incidence (P less than 0.001) and severity (P less than 0.01) of cardiac lesions were significantly higher in Span rapeseed oil fed rats compared to rats fed control diets. The number of rats affected or the severity of lesions in the rendered pig fat fed group was not significantly different from controls. The results of this study indicate that the myocardial lesions associated with feeding 20% rapeseed oil diets are not related to the content of erucic acid per se. The possible reasons why rapeseed oil causes cardiac lesions in rats are discussed. It is suggested that a triglyceride imbalance in the oil might play an important role in causing these lesions in rats. PMID- 1250076 TI - Dual-labeled technique for human lipid metabolism studies using deuterated fatty acid isomers. AB - Two deuterated fatty acids, elaidated2 and oleate-d4, were fed simultaneously to a human subject as a mixture of trielaidin-d6 and triolein-d12. Periodically, blood samples were drawn, and red blood cells were separated from the plasma. Red blood cells and plasma lipids were fractionated and analyzed by combined gas chromatography--multiple ion mass spectroscopy. Dual deuterium-labeling allows rate and extent of fatty acid incorporation to be followed in various plasma and red cell neutral and phospholipid fractions. Maximum amount of deuterated fat varied from 4% in cholescurred in either 6-, 8-, or 12-hr samples; generally, less than 1% labeled fatty acids could be detected in 72-hr samples. Because the method is based on dual-labeling, differences in the relative incorporation of both fatty acid isomers can be compared directly. Differences in rates of incorporation, rates of removal, and extent of incorporation of labeled fatty acids into blood plasma can also be determined reliably. Our experimental labeling of fats with deuterium permits for the first time the metabolism of two fatty acid isomers to be compared simultaneously in human subjects. This new method should be applicable to a variety of other lipid metabolic studies. PMID- 1250077 TI - Effect of eicosa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraynoic acid on fatty acid composition of selected organs in the rat. AB - Eicosa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraynoic acid or archidonic acid or no supplement (controls) was given orally to rats maintained on a fat free diet and the fatty acid composition of total lipids of several organs determined. No changes were noted in the total fatty acid concentrations of the organs examined in the various groups. A decrease in the amount of arachidonic acid, 22:4omega6 and 22:5omega 6 (as percent of total fatty acids), and an increase in the amount of 20:3omega6 and linoleate were observed in total lipids of several organs. In the group receiving the arachidonate supplement, there was less linoleate and 20:3omega 6 and more archidonate than in the controls. Both eicosa-5, 8, 11, 14 tetraynoic acid and arachidonate supplements resulted in a decrease in 20:3omega9 in most organs studied. Generally, the most marked changes were seen in liver but, of the other organs examined (heart, kidney, testis, brain, and adrenals), only the adrenals failed to show any significant differences between the controls and each of the two supplemented groups. Although the experimental conditions preclude conclusive interpretation of the changes observed, it is suggested that eicosa-5, 8, 11, 14-tetraynoic acid was effective in inhibiting the conversion of linoleate to archidonate and the conversion of arachidonate to 22:4 and 22:5. PMID- 1250078 TI - Variations in lipid composition and sound velocity in melon from the North Atlantic Pilot whale, globicephala melaena melaena. AB - Nonpolar lipids and sound velocity at different distances from the skin surface within a sample of pilot whale melon were studied. Thin layer chromatography, sensitive radioisotopic methods, and an ultrasonic echo scanner were used. Wax esters had a maximum concentration at 11-12 cm from the skin surface. Non- and monoisovalero triglycerides both exhibited a minimum at 8-10 cm, whereas the diisovalero species increased steadily from the skin surface towards the center of the pilot whale head. A minimum of sound velocity, ca. 1340 m/s, was found at 9-11 cm, thus coinciding with a region rich in isovaleric acid esterified in wax and diisovalero triglycerides. These findings are compatible with predictions based on the known correlations between lipid structure and sound velocity. Consequently, additional evidence for refraction of sound in pilot whale melon is presented. This is important in understanding the system of echolocation of toothed whales. PMID- 1250079 TI - Effect of transplanted human ovarian cancer tissue on liver lipid metabolism of nude mice. AB - The changes in the lipids of liver tissues of nude mice with and without transplanted human cancerous tissues were studied to clarify the effect of transplanted human tumor tissues on host liver lipid metabolism. The total lipid was extracted and separated into phospholipid, triglyceride, and other fractions by thin layer chromatography. The amounts of methyl esters of fatty acids of each lipid fraction were measured by quantitative gas liquid chromatography after each lipid fraction had been subjected to methanolysis by 5% HC1-methanol. The phospholipid content of liver tissues of six tumor bearing nude mice was increased and the triglyceride content decreased in comparison with these fractions in three control nude mice. The ratio of the phosholipid fatty acid content to the triglyceride fatty acid content (phospholipid:triglyceride[PL:TG]) of six tumor bearing nude mice was distributed between 7.6 and 33.5, whereas PL:TG ratios of three control nude mice were distributed between 1.7 and 3.8. This result was similar to that reported for human liver tissues of patients with malignant neoplastic disease, indicating that nude mice with transplanted human cancer may be useful for clarifying the mechanisms of the lipid-chemical changes of liver tissues of patients with malignancies. PMID- 1250080 TI - Bile acid pool in Wistar rats. AB - The bile acid pool was found to be ca. 50 mumoles/100 g body wt in male and female rats maintained on standard laboratory chow and ca. 30 mumoles/100 g body wt in those maintained on a standard semisynthetic diet. The distribution of bile acids within the pool was similar in plasma, liver, and intestinal tract, except for a higher concentration of deoxycholic acid in the intestinal tract. Sex differences in bile acid composition were found to be influenced by the dietary regimen of the animals. PMID- 1250081 TI - [Determination of esophageal displacement in cancer of the thoracic segment]. PMID- 1250082 TI - [State of the ventilation and perfusion of the lungs in intensive preoperative irradiation of patients with bronchial cancer]. PMID- 1250083 TI - [Complications and reactions in combined and radiation methods of therapy of patients with cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 1250084 TI - [Mathematical modelling and the optimization of the radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 1250085 TI - [Effectiveness of some sorbents in decreasing the resorption of radioactive strontium in man]. PMID- 1250086 TI - [Regulation of glycogenesis in the bone marrow tissue of the irradiated organism]. PMID- 1250087 TI - [Dose distribution from limited electron beams]. PMID- 1250088 TI - [Size and coordinates of the maximal dose in irradiation with a wedge filter]. PMID- 1250089 TI - [Remote control of anesthesia in radiation therapy]. PMID- 1250090 TI - [Autoantibodies in radiation therapy of patients with cancer of cervix]. PMID- 1250091 TI - [Peculiarities of the metabolism of Am241 in the blood]. PMID- 1250092 TI - [Metabolism of Am241 in the skin]. PMID- 1250093 TI - [Influence of insulin on the mitotic activity of the bone marrow cells following irradiation]. PMID- 1250094 TI - [Clinico-radiographic evaluation of the state of the esophagus following its irradiation in connection with tumors]. PMID- 1250095 TI - Editorial: In a nation of boredom. PMID- 1250096 TI - Massive subarachnoid haemorrhage and fracture of the transverse process of the atlas. PMID- 1250097 TI - Let us remember there are also simple tests. PMID- 1250098 TI - Gastric pathology in cases of suicide. PMID- 1250099 TI - Abnormal fundal appearances in a case of poisoning by a cyanide capsule. PMID- 1250100 TI - Survey of badge enamelling in Birmingham. PMID- 1250101 TI - The distribution of trace elements in human hair and its possible effect on reported elemental concentration levels. PMID- 1250102 TI - Gm and Inv grouping of bloodstains. PMID- 1250103 TI - The differentiation of toothed marks: report of a case of special forensic interest. PMID- 1250104 TI - Further thoughts on liability for non-observance of the provisions of the Human Tissue Act 1961. PMID- 1250105 TI - Traumatic air embolism. PMID- 1250106 TI - Rape: a 22-year cohort study. PMID- 1250107 TI - Letter to the editor: The medical examination in sexual offences. PMID- 1250108 TI - Poisoning by paraquat. PMID- 1250109 TI - Third annual self-assessment issue. PMID- 1250110 TI - [Hazard operations of benign gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 1250111 TI - [Pathologic secretions of the mammary glands. Cytological and clinical observations of 473 patients in 1968-1973]. PMID- 1250112 TI - [Active exercise and drug therapy in the rehabilitation of heart infarct]. PMID- 1250113 TI - [Significance of the A-wave in the echocardiogram of mitral stenosis]. PMID- 1250114 TI - [Pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate of subjects unexperienced in flying during a simulated flight program]. PMID- 1250115 TI - [The principle and utiligation rope of radioimmunoassay (II). Pharmacology- virology--tumor research]. PMID- 1250116 TI - [Management of a external ankle fracture using a long medullary screw]. PMID- 1250117 TI - [1st Symposium on Nitrates in Stockholm. VI]. PMID- 1250118 TI - [Syncopal attacks]. PMID- 1250119 TI - [Rehabilitation of the epileptic patients]. PMID- 1250120 TI - [Inhibition of the "cancer cell stickiness" using pentoxyphylline (Trental)]. PMID- 1250122 TI - [Cholecystectomy. Statistics--indications--complications]. PMID- 1250121 TI - [1st Symposium on Nitrates in Stockholm. Conclusion]. PMID- 1250123 TI - [Development and maturing from the psychologic viewpoint]. PMID- 1250124 TI - [The karyotype-phenotype relationship in Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 1250125 TI - [Socio-educational aspects of adolescents with behavioral disorders--during their stay in a diagnostic center for adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 1250126 TI - [Contraceptive counseling of adolescents]. PMID- 1250127 TI - [Aspects preceding sexual maturity from the viewpoint of a gynecologist]. PMID- 1250129 TI - [Maturity in everything. Pastoral-theological considerations]. PMID- 1250128 TI - [The treatment of tall girls]. PMID- 1250130 TI - [Differential typology of depressive syndrome]. PMID- 1250131 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis following treatment with D-penicillamine and indomethacin]. PMID- 1250132 TI - specimen-opeimen. PMID- 1250133 TI - [Surgical management of the gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1250134 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of fractures in childhood]. PMID- 1250135 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of electronic oscillography]. PMID- 1250136 TI - [Experience with Vomex A in endoscopy and blind liver puncture]. PMID- 1250137 TI - [Somsanite, an aid for difficult intubations]. PMID- 1250138 TI - [Release of x-ray pictures to private patients]. PMID- 1250139 TI - [Obligatory care of the physician in the management of a fracture-suspected site]. PMID- 1250140 TI - [The renin-angiotensin system: metodical and clinical problems. Report of a workshop held November 23/24 in Wurzburg]. PMID- 1250141 TI - [The preclinical education in the general medicine]. PMID- 1250143 TI - Practices in estimating mental retardation prevalence. PMID- 1250142 TI - Reducing inappropriate behaviors in classrooms and in individual sessions through DRO schedules of reinforcement. PMID- 1250144 TI - Sexuality, sex education and the mentally retarded: one educational approach. PMID- 1250145 TI - Previous contact and choice of mental retardation versus speech and hearing major. PMID- 1250146 TI - Decreasing repetitive behavior in an institutionalized mentally retarded resident. PMID- 1250147 TI - A Machiavelli for planners: community attitudes and selection of a group home site. PMID- 1250148 TI - Mainstreaming the mildly retarded: some questions, cautions and guidelines. PMID- 1250149 TI - A study of public residential facilities. PMID- 1250150 TI - Age trends in parental assessments of the behavior problems of their retarded children. PMID- 1250151 TI - A socialization program for mentally retarded young adults. PMID- 1250153 TI - Histamine-induced hypocalcemia in the rat. AB - The effect of histamine and betazole hydrochloride (Histalog) on serum calcium homeostasis in the rat was studied in these experiments. Either histamine base, histamine phosphate, betazole, or the appropriate control solution was injected intravenously into fasted, anesthetized 80-100 g male rats. Venous blood was collected before and at 30 and 60 min postinjection. Histamine base in doses of 0.5-2.0 mg/rat induced a significant hypocalcemic response 30 min postinjection which returned to baseline by 60 min. Likewise, the administration of 1.375 mg/rat of histamine phosphate (equivalent to 0.5 mg histamine base) also resulted in a significant fall in serum calcium concentration. However, betazole administration, in doses as high as 10 mg/rat, did not lower the serum calcium concentration. In the histamine experiments neither total protein nor hematocrit values differed from control at the time of hypocalcemia. Therefore the changes in serum calcium concentration cannot be explained by hemodilution. These experiments demonstrate that in the rat the administration of histamine results in a hypocalcemic response similar to that previously observed with gastrin. PMID- 1250152 TI - Influence of prostaglandins on plasma glucagon levels in the rat. AB - The effect of PGE1and PGA1 intravenous infusion (2/mug/min) on plasma glucose and glucagon levels was investigated in normal, sympathectomized and propranolol treated rats. PGE1 infusion significantly increased glucose and glucagon levels, while PGA1 had no effect. Since the dose of PGE1 used in this study was able to reduce the arterial blood pressure by about 20%, the possibility that PGE1 acted indirectly through a reflex sympathetic overactivity was tested. The increases in plasma glucagon induced by PGE1 occurred also in sympathectomized or in beta blocked animals. Thus, it was possible to exclude a sympathetic mediation or a direct stimulation of pancreatic beta-receptors as a likely mechanism of PGE1 action. PMID- 1250154 TI - Parathyroid activity and bone formation. AB - Patients of both sexes with primary hyperparathyroidism showed increments in the total subperiosteal diameter and the medullary cavity diameter of the second metacarpal bone. When two groups of females of similar age were compared, those with hyperparathyroidism had significantly greater total metacarpal area and medullary area than that of hypoparathyroid patients. An increased subperiosteal apposition has therefore been found in primary hyperparathyroidism. This might be due to a direct stimulation of PTH on bone formation at the subperiosteal surface or to a nonspecific compensatory response to endosteal resorption. PMID- 1250155 TI - Heparin metabolism and heparin-release lipase activity during long-term estrogen progestin treatment. AB - Short-term oral contraceptive therapy has been reported to decrease postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA). Resistance to heparin has been held responsible for this effect. To test several alternative explanations, we studied both PHLA and heparin concentrations in nine control women and nine women receiving long-term estrogen-progestin therapy after they were given heparin intravenously (10 units/kg). There were no significant differences in the concentration of heparin, its rate of disappearance, or calculated space of distribution between control and treated groups. PHLA was depressed (p less than 0.05) by approximately 50% during long-term estrongen-progestin therapy. PHLA disappearance was similar in both groups. Thus, reduced PHLA in women receiving long-term oral contraceptive therapy cannot be related to altered heparin metabolism or to accelerated enzyme disappearance from plasma. Long-term estrogen-progestin administration may decrease the heparin-facilitated release of individual triglyceride hydrolase activities or enhance the affinity of enzyme binding to tissues. PMID- 1250156 TI - Changes in lactate dehydrogenase, LDH isoenzymes, lactate, and pyruvate as a result of feeding low fat diets to healthy men and women. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effects on blood lipids and lipoproteins of feeding 21 healthy volunteers, 40-60 yr old, foods commonly eaten in the United States for two 40-day periods. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isoenzymes, lactate, and pyruvate were monitored. Results showed that LDH activity was significantly lower in all subjects at the end of the 25% fat calorie period (period I) than at the beginning of the study, but rose above initial levels at the end of the 35% fat-calorie period (period II). While total LDH fell during period I, relative activity of M type subunits of LDH rose significantly in relation to H type in both sexes. This rise is probably indicative of an increase in glycolytic activity as a consequence of the increased intake of dietary carbohydrate. In period I, lactate and pyruvate decreased significantly in males (pyruvate greater than lactate) but not in females. Values for males returned to near initial levels in period II. The ratio of lactate/pyruvate was elevated in both sexes after period I. The greater change in pyruvate relative to lactate with increased dietary carbohydrate suggests increased Krebs Cycle activity. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between lactate, pyruvate, and serum triglyceride for males after they ate the 25% and 35% fat-calorie diets and for females after they ate the 35% fat-calorie diet, but not between lactate, pyruvate, and serum cholesterol for either sex. PMID- 1250157 TI - Nonsuppressability of gluconeogenesis by glucose in septic patients. AB - The contribution of alanine to the synthesis of glucose and the oxidation of alanine was evaluated in normal and septic patients using (14C)L-alanine. The data indicate that there is a twofold increase in the conversion of alanine into glucose in sepsis and, further, this increase was observed while the patients were receiving a constant glucose infusion (100 mg/min) prior to and during the single injection of (14C)L-alanine. Failure of glucose to decrease this gluconeogenic response in these septic patients clearly indicates that the controlling mechanism for glucose synthesis is modified following injury and undoubtedly plays a role in the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism observed in injury. The contribution of alanine carbon to oxidation was the same in the control and septic group as measured by the per cent of the (14C)L-alanine dose expired in 3 h. Since the control subjects received glucose continuously during the study with and without amino acids, it is clear that nutritional intake and injury has minimal effect on the oxidation of alanine. This suggests that transamination is not affected by sepsis nor is there an inhibition of pyruvate oxidation following sepsis. PMID- 1250158 TI - Hypercalcemia in acute uremia and following citric acid administration: differential effect on parathyroid gland microtubule content. AB - Hypercalcemia, which occurs 4 hr after bilateral nephrectomy in normal rats, is not seen 4 hr after either bilateral ureterotomy or sham surgery. These results indicate that it is loss of renal mass per se, not the uremic syndrome, which is responsible for the hypercalcemia. Citric acid levels also increase 4 hr after nephrectomy, and a degree of hypercalcemia and hypercitricemia comparable to that which follows nephrectomy can be produced by administration of citric acid to normal rats. In an attempt to evaluate the role of the parathyroid gland in the development of hypercalcemia in these two situations, the microtubule content of parathyroid gland chief cells was determined by ultrastructural sterologic techniques 4 hr after either bilateral nephrectomy or citric acid administration. The results of these measurements indicate that parathyroid gland chief cell microtubule content increases after citric acid administration but not following bilateral nephrectomy. The significance of these results is not clear. However, since a previous study has suggested a correlation between increased microtubule content and increased secretory status in the chief cell, one may speculate that increased microtubule content resulting from citric acid administration may also be associated with increased parathyroid hormone secretion. By this formulation, citric acid-induced hypercalcemia would be secondary to increased parathyroid hormone secretion, but the transient hypercalcemia that occurs after nephrectomy would take place in the absence of an increase in parathyroid hormone secretion. In this latter instance, it is possible that loss of the kidney, a major site of parathyroid hormone removal from plasma, leads to an increase in circulating parathyroid hormone level, and hypercalcemia, in the absence of an increase in hormone secretion rate. PMID- 1250159 TI - Effect of intravenous glucagon on urinary catecholamine excretion in normal man. AB - We have evaluated intravenous glucagon as pharmacologic stimulus to adrenal catecholamine secretion in normal human subjects. Urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured at two hourly intervals before and after the intravenous injection of saline, 4 mg glucagon, or 0.1 mu/kg crystalline insulin. Urinary epinephrine was increased 2.3-fold over baseline after both saline and glucagon. By contrast, insulin hypoglycemia produced a 24-fold rise in urinary epinephrine. No rise in urinary norepinephrine was detected in any test. Under the conditions of this study, we conclude that epinephrine excreted after glucagon injection is due to the stress of the test itself. In normal man, glucagon either does not stimulate adrenal catecholamine secretion, or the effect is too small to measure. By contrast, in pheochromocytoma, glucagon may be specific for catecholamine secretion, based on data from the literature. In normal subjects, insulin hypoglycemia remains the only proved method for assessing adrenal catecholamine reserve. PMID- 1250160 TI - Effects of ethanol on carbohydrate metabolism: I. Influence on oral glucose tolerance test. AB - To study the effect of ethanol on glucose tolerance test, a series of experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250 g. After 18-hr fast, each rat was given, at random, the following test substances (one test substance at a time) intragastrically in a volume of 0.5 ml/100 g body weight: saline; glucose 0.75 g/kg (3 kcal); ethanol 0.4 g/kg (3 kcal); and ethanol with glucose. Saline or ethanol alone produced no significant changes in blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations. Addition of ethanol to glucose load resulted in glucose intolerance as well as a lower and sluggish insulin response when compared to these with glucose load alone. The results suggest that ethanol per se has no effect on blood glucose or plasma insulin. However, when given together with glucose load, ethanol produces glucose intolerance as well as inhibition of glucose mediated insulin response. PMID- 1250161 TI - Altered insulin and glucagon secretion in treated genetic hyperlipemia: a mechanism of theraphy? AB - The influence of Halofenate therapy on insulin and glucagon secretion was examined in the Zucker rat with genetic endogenous hyperlipemia. Coincident with the lipid lowering effects of Halofenate, the net change in the basal bihormonal axis favored glucagon, with the I/G molar ratio (Insulin/Glucagon) decreasing from 2.72 +/- 0.53 to 0.96 +/- 0.20 during treatment with this drug. Following arginine stimulation the I/G ratio remained reduced at 0.87 +/- 0.13 in Halofenate treated animals, contrasting with the statistically greater ratio of 2.5 +/- 0.55 in control animals. The Halofenate induced state of reduced insulin:glucagon was associated with hypolipemia, postarginine hyperglycemia, and hyperketonemia,-three metabolic parameters characteristic of glucagon excess relative to insulin. It is suggested that the lipid-lowering action of Halofenate in genetic hyperlipemia may reflect the altered bihormonal axis induced by the drug. PMID- 1250162 TI - The influence of oral glucose loading on the insulin response to i.v. glucagon in children and adolescents. AB - Fourteen children and adolescents with slight constitutional growth retardation (12 males and two females) aged from 7 1/2 to 18 1/2 yr underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT 1.75 g/Kg followed at 180 min by an i.v. glucagon injection (0.03 mg/Kg). On a separate occasion these children underwent a simple i.v. glucagon test. Comparing the glucose and insulin response in the two glucagon tests for each child we found that whereas in the single test the blood glucose rose slowly with a peak at 30 min, in the combined test the peak was at 5 min. The mean peak values were similar (129 and 121 mg/100 ml). The mean peak insulin response in the single test was 70 muU/ml (at 2 min) as compared to 253 muU/ml (at 2 min) in the combined test. Our studies provide further evidence for a direct effect of glucagon on insulin release and that glucose preloading augments this effect, without relation to the concomitant blood glucose concentrations. PMID- 1250163 TI - Dietary protein intake and dynamic aspects of whole body nitrogen metabolism in adult humans. AB - The constant isotope-infusion method of Picou and Taylor-Roberts was used to study rates of total body protein synthesis and breakdown in adult subjects following acute changes in the level of dietary protein intake. Six healthy adults, four males and two females, were studied after adaptation to dietary protein intakes of 1.5 and 0.38 g of protein/kilogram body weight/day. Dietary periods were from 7 to 15 days duration. 15N-glycine was used as a tracer, and was administered orally for 60 hr at 3-hr intervals, or by continuous intravenous infusion for 48 hr. Results were similar for both routes of isotope administration for the comparison conducted at the higher protein intake. At the 1.5-g protein level the mean N flux was 28.2 mg nitrogen/kg/hr, with total body protein (N x 6.25) synthesis and breakdown rates being 3.0 g/kg/day and 2.7 g/kg/day, respectively. Reducing the protein intake to 0.38 g/kg/day caused an 8% decrease (p less than 0.05) in N flux, a 27% increase (p less than 0.005) in the rate of total body protein breakdown, and a 15% increase (p less than 0.05) in the rate of protein synthesis. Endogenous amino acids were reutilized more efficiently under these conditions. The findings are discussed in relation to the way in which adult subjects adapt to acute changes in dietary protein intake. PMID- 1250164 TI - Selenoamino acids in tissues of rats administered inorganic selenium. AB - There are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the synthesis of selenoamino acids from inorganic selenium in animals, and this work was undertaken to further investigate this. Pronase digests of acetone powders of liver and kidney tissue from rats administered 75SeO3= were subjected to fractionation by cation exchange chromatography using current methods for separating the various amino acids. Very little, if any, selenocystine was found in the digests. However, good evidence was obtained for the occurrence of 2,7 diamino-4-thia-5-selenaoctanedioic acid. It is suggested that the selenocysteine portion of this compound was formed by the reduction of the selenite to selenide with its subsequent incorporation into the amino acid by the action of serine hydrolase (E C 4.2.1.22). No selenomethionine was found under the conditions of this study. PMID- 1250165 TI - Myocardial infarction in the familial forms of hypertriglyceridemia. AB - Among 74 hypertriglyceridemic patients who were referred for study because of hypertriglyceridemia, family investigations detected 19 with familial hypertriglyceridemia and 24 with familial combined hyperlipidemia. The frequency of myocardial infarction among adult living hyperlipidemic relatives of patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia was 17.5% (10/57). Five of these relatives had their infarct between the ages of 40 and 50 yr of age, and five before the age of 40 yr. The frequency of myocardial infarction in living hyperlipedemic relatives with familial hypertriglyceridemia was 4.7% (2/43) and was similar to the frequency of myocardial infarction among normolipidemic relatives (4.5%) or among spouse controls (5.2%). Mortality data due to myocardial infarction among relatives of index patients failed to contribute meaningful information. PMID- 1250166 TI - Gluconeogenesis from glycerol at rest and during exercise in normal, diabetic, and methylprednisolone-treated dogs. AB - Glucose turnover, glycerol turnover, and the rate of incorporation of glycerol carbon into glucose were measured with the tracer technique (primed constant rate infusion) using 2-3H-glucose and 14C-glycerol, at rest and during exercise (treadmill run) in normal (N), alloxan-diabetic (D), and methylprednisolone treated diabetic (MPD) dogs. At rest only 2%-3% of the hepatic glucose output arose from glycerol. Exercise increased gluconeogenesis about ninefold in N dogs and about fourfold in D and MPD animals, yet less than 9% of the elevated glucose turnover was derived from glycerol. There was a direct linear correlation between the rates of glycerol turnover and gluconeogenesis from glycerol at rest and during exercise in all three groups. The slope constants were however significantly different: 0.45, 0.51, and 0.67 for N, D, and MPD dogs, respectively. In vivo the major factor controlling the rate of gluconeogenesis from glycerol seems to be the glycerol supply on which the specific effects of insulin deficiency and glucocorticoid treatment are superimposed. They appear to be of minor importance. A comparison of the glucose turnover measured by 2-3H glucose with that measured by 6-3H-glucose showed that the activity of the glucose in equilibrium glucose-6-P cycle was threefold higher in D dogs and elevated by 15-fold in MPD animals. PMID- 1250167 TI - Distribution of sulfur in urine of patients with cystathioninuria before and during administration of pyridoxine. AB - During administration of 400 mg daily of vitamin B6 as pyridoxine hydrocholoride to two patients with homozygous cystathioninuria, cystathionine excretion fell in a characteristic manner. Inorganic sulfate excretion did not change significantly when considered by itself. Total sulfur excretion, determined as sulfate after oxidation, decreased slightly in both patients and this decrease was statistically significant in one. The ratio of sulfate to total sulfur excretion increased significantly in both patients during vitamin B6 administration. The difference between total sulfur and free plus bound or ethereal sulfate is largely accounted for by cystathionine and lesser amounts of N-acetyl cystathionine. The results indicate that cystathionine sulfur is not excreted other than as sulfate during vitamin B6 administration and support the hypothesis that cystathionase activity is enhanced by pyridoxine, the resultant cysteine, alpha-ketobutyrate, and ammonia being added to large body pools. PMID- 1250168 TI - Signalling increases in reporting in international monitoring of adverse reactions to therapeutic drugs. PMID- 1250169 TI - A numerically coded file of operative procedures derived from a free text data collection system: a measure of the accuracy. PMID- 1250170 TI - The enrollment file: a key module of a clinical data base. PMID- 1250171 TI - Confidentiality of statistical records: a threat-monitoring scheme for on line dialogue. PMID- 1250172 TI - [A method for the statistical analysis of multifactorial genesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250173 TI - Observations by a doctor who's been a CCU patient. PMID- 1250175 TI - 1976: phase II for malpractice legislation. PMID- 1250174 TI - Michigan Psychiatric Society: "psychiatric clinics" must be defined. PMID- 1250176 TI - Establishing a CME program in the community hospital. PMID- 1250177 TI - University Hospital in midst of major changes. PMID- 1250178 TI - How about practicing minus insurance? PMID- 1250179 TI - Governor's counsel asks MDs to participate in policy decisions. PMID- 1250180 TI - A technique for localized heating in tissue: an adjunct to tumor therapy. AB - Increasing evidence of the beneficial effects of hyperthermia in the treatment of tumors, particularly when combined with radiation therapy or chemotherapy, has created the need for practical methods of localizing heat in arbitrary tissue volumes. Heating superficial transplanted animal tumors in hot-water baths has been of considerable importance in research, but the method has very limited clinical application. Microwave diathermy and ultrasound diathermy are capable of greater penetration than external conduction heating, but are also generally limited to the heating of superficial tissue volumes. A more direct method for localized tissue heating is proposed: localized electric current fields produced with carefully specified electrode configurations. This technique, although often quite invasive, offers the possibility of heat localization in almost any treatment volume specified by the therapist. Variations in electrical and thermal properties of tissues can be exploited to improve the architecture of the treatment plan. Several electrode configurations are illustrated. Limitations of the technique are discussed. PMID- 1250181 TI - A probabilistic approach to safety design: the two-element environment. AB - The immediate electrical surroundings of the hospitalized patient are comprised of elements which may or may not be powered by electricity. Four electrical "operators"--G, E, T, and C--indicate respectively the status of the grounding of elements, the electrical leakage of elements, the electrical contact of one element with another, and the electrical contact of the patient with the elements. The operators are considered as mutually stochastically independent indicator random variables. The operators are utilized to formulate the probability of electrical danger in a basic environment of 2 elements. Grounding concepts of electrical safety are questioned as the operators, when supplied with probabilities, demonstrate a range of situations over which an ungrounding strategy may provide more safety than one of grounding. The probablisitic model calls for the collection and analysis of electrical data from which estimates of probabilities may be obtained and with which electrical models may be refined. PMID- 1250182 TI - Prolonged open-chest total cardiopulmonary bypass in calves. AB - Utilizing currently popular techniques for clinical cardiopulmonary bypass on 10 consecutive 70- to 80-kg calves, open-chest total cardiopulmonary bypass was carried out for 4 hours with 100 percent survival. However, all animals demonstrated serious intraoperative and postoperative alterations in blood gas, blood chemistry, and hematology parameters, grossly abnormal cardiovascular hemodynamics, and altered renal function. Therefore, a modified bypass technique and procedural protocol was developed, based on observations of more than 2000 clinical human and experimental canine bypass procedures, plus selected pilot experiments on calves. These modified techniques were then utilized in 12 consecutive 70- to 80-kg calves for 8 hours of open-chest total cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no deaths, and all physiologic parameters tested remained in a satisfactory (near normal) range during and after the prolonged bypass procedure. Details of the technique and the specific data collected during and after bypass are presented. The data suggest that important fallacies may exist in currently popular concepts about the harmful effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, particularly as they relate to steady flow arterial perfusions, methods of extracorporeal oxygenation, techniques of heparinization, and etiology of oozing tendencies associated with prolonged perfusions and dilution perfusions. PMID- 1250183 TI - Lymphocyte blastoid transformation assay by cytofluorography. AB - This rapid, automated, micromethod quantitates blastoid transformation using a supra vital stain, acridine orange, in quantitating the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) before and after cell stimulation. Only 0.2 ml of culture containing 1.0 X 10(5) to 1.5 X 10(5) lymphocytes is required to obtain results every 5 minutes. These results include a total cell count and cell counts of the populations with increased RNA (I-RNA), and increased DNA (I-DNA). The I RNA and I-DNA lymphocyte populations, as determined by the cytofluorometric method, correlate well with the accepted H3 uridine and C14 thymidine uptake methodology. The phytohemagglutinin dose response measurements by the 2 methods also correlate well. Blast cell counts, by Wright-Giemsa staining, showed near identity to the I-RNA cell population. PMID- 1250184 TI - [Side effects after stimulation of gastric secretion with pentagastrin (author's transl)]. AB - Application of pentagastrin (by infusion, by intramuscular and subcutaneous injection) in the usual dose of 6 mug/kg/hr revealed a short lasting enhancement in frequency of pulse-rate and a slight rise in blood-pressure (5 to 10 mmHg), which exceeded the alteration of pulserate, in 30 healthy volunteers with normal blood-pressure. The enhancement of pulse-rate is considered as a psychogenic reaction to injection. The reason of the rise in blood-pressure, which immediately occured and was of long standing duration, is a pharmacodynamic effect obviously. An extensive increase in blood-pressure, collaps, bradycardia or tachycardia was not observed during 120 investigations. We were not able to detect any significant changes in a number of components of serum or blood. The influence on the values of SGOT, LAP, urea, the red and white blood cell count as well as on hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit cannot be excluded however. PMID- 1250185 TI - [Case report of a primary pericollagen amyloidosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report about a female patient, 59 years old, who was suffering from a stenosis of the cardia. A malignant process was suspected and an operative treatment was planed. During the preoperative internal examinations a low voltage in the ECG was found so that an amyloidosis was suspected. This was proved by biopsy of the mucosa of the rectum. A chronic suppurative disease could not be found, it was then assumed that the patient is suffering from a "primary pericollagen amyloidosis". Because a splitting of the stenosis through the esophagoscope the biopsy showed no malignancy, but congo-red positive material around collagen tissue. This seldom disease, the differential-diagnosis and the possibilities of treatment are discussed. Under symptomatic therapy the patient is doing well 2 years since. PMID- 1250186 TI - [Early cancer of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Early cancer of the stomach is defined as a carcinomatous degeneration restricted to gastric mucosa and/or submucosa. The size of extension as well as the mode of perhaps previously spread metastases are not taken into account. The addition early is correct as far as the pathologic-anatomical localized findings are concerned. The clinician however associates early besides the idea of timely recognition and therapy with a better prognosis, e.g. real recovery for the patient. Yet, so-called early gastric cancer does by no means imply absolute curing. Therefore it seems to be more pregnant to speak mucosal and/or submucosal cancer of the stomach. PMID- 1250187 TI - [Letter: Shift in the lipoprotein distribution pattern]. PMID- 1250188 TI - [Letter: The determination of the residual urine without the use of a catheter]. PMID- 1250189 TI - [Familial hemolytic anemia and terminal renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - We report about a patient with corpuscular hemolytic anemia and chronic glomerulonephritis in the state of terminal renal failure. The hematocrit decreased to 11% gradually with the progression of uremia. The hematological studies revealed the typical signs of hemolytic anemia. We found a splenic destruction of 51-Cr labelled red cells combined with an extremely short red cell life of 7 days. After splenectomy hematocrit improved to 32%. A complete normalisation could not be expected because of the chronic renal failure leading to anemia itself. PMID- 1250190 TI - [Control of the heparin induced bleeding risk in haemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. AB - Partial-Thromboplastin-Time (PTT) has been used as a bedside-method to control the dosage of heparin in haemodialysis patients at a high bleeding risk. The practical procedures and the advantages of the method as compared to current coagulation controls are outlined. As a result a technique of "minimal intermittent heparinization" has been developed which effectively prevents bleeding in the heparinized patient on haemodialysis. PMID- 1250191 TI - [A fourth possibility treating chronical uremic patients: the satellite dialysis station (author's transl)]. AB - It is possible to reduce the lack of dialysis places by establishing so-called satellite-dialysis-stations. Carrying out the normal dialysis treatment the satellite-station shows certain advantages in comparison to the dialysis center. There are presented the results of 21 patients in a satellite-dialysis-station. On average the systolic blood pressure before dialysis was 132,1 +/- 17,7 mm Hg, the diastolic blood pressure 83,5 +/- 14,9 mm Hg, serum creatinin 9,9 +/- 1,5 mg/100ml, hemoglobin 12,4 +/- 3,2 g/100 ml and the hematocrit 34,4 +/- 5,3%. 16 patients are still working. During the first 12 months of treatment in the satellite-dialysis-station the hematocrit of the patiens was raised on average by 6,4%. Concerning the results of the therapeutic and psychic situation of the patients the satellite-dialysis-station is comparable to the home dialysis treatment. PMID- 1250192 TI - [The clinical picture and therapy of the disorders of the acid-base equilibrium]. PMID- 1250193 TI - [The driving ability following the endogenous psychoses]. PMID- 1250194 TI - [The urinary organs and pregnancy]. PMID- 1250195 TI - [The client-oriented play therapy]. PMID- 1250196 TI - [Effect of nicotine on the production of gastric acid (author's transl)]. AB - 15 test persons underwent intravenous injection of nicotine hydrogen tartrate. The acute effect on secretion rates and ionic composition of gastric acid was determined. Submaximal stimulation of gastric mucosa was reached with 50 mg/hr histalog applied intravenously. Nicotine hydrogen tartrate application of 0.012 to 0.020 mg/kg body weight in non smokers and of 0.022 to 0.034 mg/kg body weight in smokers caused the following changes: increase of concentration of hydrogen and chloride ions, decrease of ionic concentration of sodium and potassium in the gastric juice as well as slower secretion of sodium ions per time unit. A stomach stimulated intravenously by infusion of 2 mg/hr histalog per kg body weight is affected by intravenous injection of nicotine hydrogen tartrate in amounts of 0.018 to 0.032 mg per kg body weight in non smokers and of 0.033 to 0.048 mg per kg body weight in smokers by a significant increase of concentration and secretion rates of hydrogen ions as well as a decrease of ionic potassium concentration in the gastric secretion. The increased gastric acid concentration caused by nicotine under maximal stimulation with histalog is discussed as promoting factor of ulceration and as retarding factor for the healing process. PMID- 1250198 TI - [Letter: Sauna in chronic kidney disease and hypertension]. PMID- 1250197 TI - [Hepatitis BS-antigen and hepatis BS-antibodies in partners of HBSAg-positive patients with chronic liver diseases. A contribution to the contagiousness of hepatitis B]. AB - By radioimmuno-assay we found HBSAg in 4.2% and HBS-Antibodies in 60% in a group of 120 partners of patients with HBSAg-positive chronic liver diseases. The high incidence of HBS-antibodies in the group of partners is supposed to be due to a transmission of very small amounts of HBSAg containing material in a way of occult immunisation. There were no significant relations to the sex of the partners nor the age of the patients or the activity and duration of the disease. Our clinical investigations do not support demands for a strict isolation of patients with positive HBSAg findings nor do they imply that health-care workers should change their professions in case of HBS-antigenemia. PMID- 1250199 TI - [Letter: The cause of muscle cramp in the calf]. PMID- 1250200 TI - [The diagnostic value of the intraatrial ECG to recognize digitalis induced atrial arrhythmias (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported in which a Digoxin intoxication led to irregularities in atrial rhythm. This case, which was diagnosed by an intraatrial cardiogram, shows the usefulness of this method which is easy to practise and leads to special therapeutic aid. PMID- 1250201 TI - Xray conference. Large pulmonary nodules in a young man. PMID- 1250202 TI - Clinical path conference. Histoplasmosis in an elderly female. PMID- 1250203 TI - Implementation of an expanded emergency system. PMID- 1250204 TI - Our political responsibilities as physicians. PMID- 1250205 TI - President's letter. Participation in planning. PMID- 1250206 TI - Intractable ascites. A new approach. PMID- 1250208 TI - Table appliance for use in proctosigmoidoscopy. PMID- 1250209 TI - Letter: Duluth water revised. PMID- 1250207 TI - Transverse myelopathy following the use of heroin. PMID- 1250210 TI - The pelvic examination. A view from the other end of the table. PMID- 1250211 TI - Radiation injury of the axillary artery. Case report. PMID- 1250212 TI - Parathyroid cysts. Case report. PMID- 1250213 TI - Hereditary hyposplenia in an adult and immunological implications. Case report. PMID- 1250214 TI - Prevalence of problem drinking in a community survey. PMID- 1250215 TI - President's message. PMID- 1250216 TI - [Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1250217 TI - [Clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1250218 TI - [Insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1250219 TI - [Oral hypoglycemic therapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1250220 TI - Interspecies transfer of mitochondria in Paramecium aurelia. AB - Erythromycin-resistant mitochondria from species 1, 5 and 7 of P. aurelia were injected into erythromycin-sensitive paramecia of each of the same three species. Mitochondria from species 1 and 5 were successfully transferred to all three species, but species 7 mitochondria failed to develop in species 1 and 5. Minor differences were indicated in the frequency of successful transfers of species 1 mitochondria into species 1 and 5 cells. From studies on the transferability of mitochondria from "hybrid" cells, containing mitochondria from one species and nuclei from another, it was concluded that mitochondrial compatibility was mainly under control of the nuclear genome, with a possible minor control also by the mitochondrial genome. PMID- 1250221 TI - Altered cotransduction frequencies exhibited by HT-mutants of Salmonella-phage P22. AB - Phage P22-mutants with increased transduction ability (HT-mutants) show in comparison to wild type 22, different frequencies of contransduction for markers on two different transducing fragments of the Salmonella chromosome. The data are interpreted as indicating that host DNA to be packaged is cut by HT-mutants at sites different from those cut by wild-type phage, due to an altered specificity of the nuclease responsible for this step. PMID- 1250222 TI - On the synthesis of viral ribonucleic acids and ribonucleoproteins in the submitochondrial system completely free of interfering cytoplasmic contaminations. AB - The synthesis of virus-specific macromolecules was studied in the reconstituted system containing inner membrane-matrix fraction from rat liver mitochondria and infectious RNA of Venezuelian equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. In a series of preliminary experiments it was shown that isolated submitochondrial fraction was completely free of interfering cytoplasmic contaminations and particularly, of cytoplasmic 80S ribosomes. VEE RNA when added to submitochondrial system caused significant stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis. These processes were resistant to actinomycin D which inhibited profoundly the synthesis of proper mitochondrial macromolecules. The stimulating effect of VEE RNA in experiments with submitochondrial system was about three times higher than that with intact mitochondria. The stimulation of 14C-amino acid incorporation increased as a function of incubation time; a certain lag-period being observed. The newly formed virus-specific RNA's and ribonucleoproteins were identified with the aid of sedimentation analysis. In particular, radioactive RNA's with sedimentation coefficients 40S and 26-18S were isolated from the incubated system. These RNA's are similar respectively to VEE genome RNA and double-stranded VEE replicative RNA. In double labelling experiments with 3H-uridine and 14C-amino acids it was shown that VEE RNA induced synthesis of ribonucleoproteins containing newly formed RNA and protein. These RNP possessed sedimentation coefficients 60-80S, 140S and 300S in sucrose gradient and buoyant densities 1.32 and 1.50 g/cm3 in cesium chloride gradients. These properties of ribonucleoproteins synthesized de novo in submitochondrial system are close to those of RNP intermediates of VEE virus reproduction in the infected cells. We concluded that viral RNA could program virus-specific synthesis in the submitochondrial system under conditions that eliminated the contribution of cytoplasmic ribosomes. PMID- 1250223 TI - Chloral hydrate mediated inhibition of cell division and of proton synthesis. AB - Chloral hydrate (along with other anaesthetics and hypnotics) is an inhibitor of cell division. We have shown that chloral hydrate is also an inhibitor of protein synthesis. This inhibition is unlikely to be a result of either of the disruption of cell division or of interference with the function of microtubules. The ability of chloral hydrate to inhibit cell division may result from its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. PMID- 1250225 TI - Discussion on various problems of ocular immunopathology. PMID- 1250226 TI - Immunological study of the aqueous humor in ocular herpes simplex. AB - (1) Isolation of herpetic virus and immunological studies of the serum and aqueous humor are two complementary methods of investigation in the diagnosis of ocular herpes simplex infection, their relative value depending on the clinical situation. (2) Of the different immunological techniques that of antibody titration by the hemagglutination method is an easy, sensitive test, but only if the Goldmann-Witner ratio is calculated. By this technique, the diagnosis of herpetic infection can be made in unusual clinical presentations or old cases in which all specificity had disappeared. PMID- 1250224 TI - Experimental uveitis induced by prostatic antigens. AB - Experimental uveitis was induced in male rats following their repeated systemic and intravitreous immunization with prostatic antigen and CFA. The ensuing uveitis was proved histologically. Heteroimmunized rabbits and female animals showed less response and the level of antibodies detected was lower. Anti prostatic antibodies were determined by the TRC flocculation and PCA techniques. Ouchterlony's method gave positive results not only for prostatic but also for other ocular antigens when tested against the same test sera. PMID- 1250227 TI - Isolated uveitis - relationship with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 1250228 TI - Round table and general discussion on viral and parasitic immunopathology. PMID- 1250229 TI - The third component of complement (C'3) level in patients with uveitis. AB - In 23 cases of endogenous uveitis the third component of the complement (C'3) system was determined by the immunodiffusion method. No statistical difference was found in uveitis patients as a whole in comparison with the normal controls; although a rather high value of C'3 was found in six cases of Eales' disease and in three cases of Behcet's disease. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 1250230 TI - Lymphocyte transformation test in uveal pathology. AB - Comparative studies of skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte transformation tests were found to be fruitful with the following antigens: tuberculin and PPD, Streptococcus, vaccine and protein M of Streptococcus, candidin, herpes antigen, Brucella antigen, antigen from autologous saliva. Three types of response occur: (1) positive skin test with syndromic ocular reaction and positive LTT: the diagnosis of hypersensitivity is certain; (2) positive skin test without syndromic reaction but positive LTT in vitro; less sensitive than the in vivo test but enhancing the value of the latter; the diagnosis is presumptive, and (3) skin test positive or negative and LTT negative: indicates that the in vitro test is less sensitive than the in vivo one. Practical interest of this comparison stems from those cases in whom skin testings is contra-indicated because it is considered to be dangerous (macular choroiditis, Eales' disease). Specific desensitization treatment was carried out on most of the cases and seemed to be effective in several of them. PMID- 1250231 TI - Considerations on the value of allergic cutaneous tests in the diagnosis of uveitis and its therapeutic management. PMID- 1250232 TI - Immunological studies on Behcet's and Harada's diseases. I. Cell-mediated immunity in Behcet's and Harada's diseases. II. HL-A antigens associated with Behcet's disease. AB - Behcet's and Harada's diseases were studied for cell-mediated immunity, utilizing leukocyte migration inhibition test (agarose droplet method). Patients with Behcet's disease during an attack showed cellular hypersensitivity to their aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and synovial fluid, but not to the normal tissue extracts of humans, such as oral mucous membrane, skin, retina and uvea, nor to their peripheral blood leukocytes. The patients with Harada's disease, in whom uveitis was recurrent and depigmentation present in various parts of the body, showed cellular hypersensitivity to bovine uveal extract. It is probably that in Behcet's disease cellular hypersensitivity is the result of inflammatory processes rather than being an important pathogenic mechanism, whereas in Harada's disease it is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease process. PMID- 1250233 TI - Discussion on immunological tests in uveitis. PMID- 1250234 TI - Experimental immune retinitis: induction by isolated photoreceptors. AB - An antigen prepared from the outer limbs of the photoreceptors failed to produce retinal lesions within 3 months by systemic immunisation alone in the rabbit. Intra-vitreal injection of the antigen in a pre-immunised rabbit resulted in an Arthus type response. Repeated systemic immunisation for over 1 year after an intravitreal injection produced retinal degeneration in the uninjected eyes of two rabbits. Anti-visual cell antibodies were not shown to be cytotoxic to organ cultures of retina. Possible reasons are discussed in relation to in vitro studies of thyroid, kidney and spinal cord. PMID- 1250235 TI - Immunosuppressive treatment of uveitis. AB - Ten out of 31 cases of severe corticosteroid-resistant uveitis showed a good clinical response to systemic chlorambucil therapy. Cases of Behcet's syndrome, sympathetic ophthalmia, chronic cyclitis, and rheumatoid sclerouveitis seem to be in the most favorable categories to be considered for cytotoxic-immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 1250237 TI - Discussion on immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 1250236 TI - Immunosuppressive treatment of Behcet's disease. AB - Thirty patients with Behcet's disease were treated with immunosuppressive drugs, 25 with Imuran, 5 with Leukerin and 2 with both these drugs. Daily administration of 50-75 mg of Imuran over a period of 1 year alleviated the ocular symptoms in 16% of patients, was slightly effective in 20%, and ineffective in 64%. Imuran therapy was also seen to alleviate the extraocular pathology, such as stomatitis, erythema, and arthralgia. Leukerin proved difficult to prescribe over a long period because of severe side effects. PMID- 1250238 TI - Experimental allergic uveitis: induction by retinal rod outer segments and pigment epithelium. AB - EAU was produced in strain 13 guinea pigs after immunization with purified guinea pig retinal rod outer segments and with retinal pigment epithelium in mycobacterial adjuvant emulsion. The lesions of EAU appear as inflammatory infiltrates of the iris and ciliary body followed by choroidal inflammation, often with retinal photoreceptor degeneration. Specific antibodies are detected in the serum of a majority of the animals with clinical disease. Immunohistochemical staining of normal and inflamed eyes with serum from the immunized animals with uveitis demonstrates specific antigens localized in the outer segments. All immunized animals demonstrate delayed-type hypersensitivity characterized by skin reactions of mononuclear cells, by the in vitro inhibition of migration of peritoneal macrophages from the sensitized animals in the presence of specific antigen, and by antigen-specific lymphocyte stimulation. More pronounced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions occurred during uveitis and indicated that cellular immunity correlates with clinical EAU, whereas no correlation was found with serum antibody. Successful experiments at transferring clinical disease passively with sensitized lymphocytes from animals with uveitis to normal recipients were conducted via the intravenous as well as intravitreal routes. No inflammatory reactions occurred after similar transfer of nonsensitized lymphocytes. The recipients of the passively transferred cells demonstrated both humoral and delayed type hypersensitivity to the retinal antigens. These findings suggest that the retinal rod outer segments and pigment epithelium are the sourve of significant antigens in autoimmune uveitis and retinitis. PMID- 1250239 TI - Humoral and cellular immunity to retinal antigens in guinea pigs. AB - Cellular and humoral immunity was studied in pigmented guinea pigs after one injection in the two hind footpads of extract of bovine retina or crude suspensions of rod outer segments (ROS) with complete Freund's adjuvant. In vitro macrophage migration inhibition experiments showed that the antigens which give rise to cellular immunity are mainly located in the pigment epithelium photoreceptor layers and are devoid of species specificity. With the complement fixation method, the evolution of serum antibodies in anti-ROS guinea pigs was compared with clinical and histological data during the course of the ocular disease. Antibodies appeared in the 2nd week, slighly before the lesions, reaching their maximum level at the 4th week and decreased pari passu with the clinical ocular inflammation, while choroidal cellular infiltration and retinal alterations persisted for several months. Attempts to transfer the disease passively with concentrated serum from enucleated donors were successful. The immune sera were injected locally by different routes. Repeated subconjunctival injections - the less traumatic way - induced severe chorio-retinal lesions. PMID- 1250240 TI - The propensity of different strains of guinea pigs to develop experimental autoimmune uveitis. AB - We compared the propensity of several strains of guinea pigs to develop autoimmune experimental uveitis and autoimmunity following immunization with retinal-uveal antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant. The Hartley and NIH strains developed the disease more frequently and more severely than the strain 13 animals. The strain 2 guinea pigs did not develop the disease at all. In addition, the strain 2 did not make as much delayed hypersensitivity or as much antibody as the Hartley and NIH strain animals. NIH guinea pigs lacking the fourth component of complement made as much disease as those with that enzyme. PMID- 1250241 TI - Sensitizing capacity of syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic ocular tissue. Effect on intact and injured rat eyes. AB - Experimental allergic uveoretinitis could not be induced by the following procedures in a total of 87 rats of four different inbred strains; intramuscular or intraperitoneal immunization with syngeneic, allogeneic or xenogeneic native ocular tissue (up to 80 eyes, treatment up to 15 months); intramuscular and subcutaneous application of complete Freund's adjuvants and Bordetella pertussis vaccine followed by perforation (induction of uveal and lenticular lesions) of the left eye. PMID- 1250242 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immune response after lens injury. AB - The authors carried out immunological investigations on lens antigen in 21 injured patients, when only the cornea and the lens were involved. Circulating anti-lens antibodies were found by means of passive haemagglutination technique in 5 out of 16 cases. The cellular immune response was examined in 5 injured patients by the leucocyte migration inhibition test. The cellular immune response to the lens antigen was also demonstrable. The pathogenic role of the humoral and cellular immune response against the 'foreign' antigen was evident. PMID- 1250243 TI - Evaluation of genetic risks of alkylating agents. II. Haemoglobin as a dose monitor. AB - The degree of alkylation of haemoglobin was determined at different times after treatment of mice with one directly active alkylating agent, ethylene oxide, and one agent that requires metabolic activation, dimethylnitrosamine. Because of the random alkylation of red blood cells of various ages and the stability of alkylated haemoglobin, the amount of alkylated amino acids in haemoglobin decreases linearly with time, reaching the value zero after about 40 days, the life-span of erythrocytes in the mouse. This provides a basis for the use of haemoglobin as a monitor for integral doses of genotoxic environmental chemicals. PMID- 1250244 TI - Lack of synergistic effect between X-ray and UV irradiation on the frequency of chromosome aberrations in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes in the G1 stage. AB - PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes in the G1 stage were irradiated with UV radiation and X-rays, and the cells were analyzed for chromosomal aberrations in the first mitotic division. The frequency of dicentric chromosomes after single X irradiation in the G1 stage was about twice the yield in the G0 stage. No increase in the yield of dicentrics was observed after combined irradiation with UV and X-rays. This is contrary to the finding for G0 lymphocytes, where a 2-fold increase of chromosome aberrations was observed. UV irradiation of G1 lymphocytes induced chromatid-type aberrations whereas no significant yield of dicentric chromosomes was observed. This is in agreement with previous findings in Chinese hamster cells in the G1 stage [7]. Irradiation of G0 lymphocytes with UV radiation induce a low frequency of dicentric chromosomes. Thus, the present data indicate that the ratio between chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations is different in the G1 and G0 stages in human lymphocytes irradiated with UV radiation. PMID- 1250245 TI - The use of correction factors in the determination of mutant frequencies in populations of human diploid skin fibroblasts. AB - The need and validity for using a number of correction factors in the determination of mutant frequencies in human diploid skin fibroblasts was investigated. Resistance to the purine analogue 8-azaguanine was used as selective system. It appears that, under the conditions used, there were no effect of the cell density on the cloning efficiency. Therefore observed mutant frequencies need to be corrected for cloning efficiency. The reliability of using Lesch-Nyhan cells as a prototype mutant in the estimation of the efficiency of mutant recovery was investigated and found to hold true. The relation between the efficiency of mutant recovery and cell density, which reflects the degree of inter-clone metabolic cooperation, was measured. The use of this relationship enhances the accuracy of the estimated mutant frequencies. With these correction factors the mutation rate was estimated to be 5.7 - 10(-6) per cell per generation. The influence of intra-clone metabolic cooperation was determined and found to be small if present. PMID- 1250246 TI - Chromosome rearrangements from spermatogonial chronic neutron irradiation in mice. AB - Adult male mice were given a range of neutron doses at 80 +/- 20 mrad/h from a plutonium-beryllium source. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that chronic spermatogonial exposure to a mean total dose of 10, 30, 52, 98 or 150 rad produced translocations, sampled in spermatocytes four months later, amounting to 0.32, 0.99. 1.69, 1.91 and 1.65%, respectively. The dose response for the 0-52 rad range was linear. For higher doses, a better fit to the data was an expression with dose exponent above unity. PMID- 1250247 TI - Mutagen specificity and position effects on mutation in T4rII nonsense sites. AB - In 14 sites in the T4rII region, spontaneous and induced interconversions of ochre (UAA) and opal (UGA) alleles, as well as the reversion of the nonsense sites to r+, were studied. The mutagens employed were 2-aminopurine (2AP), 5 bromouracil (5BU), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and hydroxylamine (HA). With the test system employed, mutagen specificity (i.e., the preferential induction of A: T leads to G: C or G: C leads to A: T mutation at a given site) can be studied. Simultaneously, the response of similar base pairs at various locations in the same or in different nucleotide triplets throughout the rII region, to a given mutagen, can be compared. 2-Aminopurine can induce transitions of both A: T and G: C base pairs at high rates. This mutagen shows no preference for either direction. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the response to 2AP of an A: T pair occupying a given site, and that of a G: C pair occupying the same site. NTG and HA induce G: C leads to A: T transitions almost exclusively. However, there is a correlation between the low rates of A: T leads to G: C transition induced in each of the various sites by these mutagens and those of G: C leads to A: T. 5-Bromouracil induces transitions from G: C to A: T more readily than from A: T to G: C. With 5BU-induced mutation, there is no correlation between the rates of G: C leads to A: T transitions and those of A: T leads to G: C. In UAA sites, all three adenine:thymidine paris respond to 2AP mutagenesis in a similar pattern, In each position in the triplet, response to 2 AP is correlated with that to 5BU. In UGA sites, there are correlations among the spontaneous as well as the 2AP-, HA- and NTG-induced transition rates. 5BU induced transition rates are usually not correlated with those induced by other mutagens or with the sponatneous ones. PMID- 1250248 TI - The cytogenetic effect of an X-ray contrast medium in Chinese hamster cell cultures. AB - Chinese hamster cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of Joduron, a water-soluble iodized X-ray contrast medium. The cytogenetic effect was analysed for a treatment period of 2 or 16 h. Jorudron primarily acts on the mitotic apparatus of the cell. The type of damage ranges from different forms of initial "C-mitosis" to unpolarized stathmokinesis. Additionally, structural chromosome damage, mainly of the chromatid type, was observed, especially after a Joduron treatment for 2 h. PMID- 1250249 TI - A search for storage effects on chromosome aberrations induced in human normal type- and xeroderma pig-mentosum fibroblasts by tetra-ethylene-imino-1,4 benzochinon and n-acetoxy-n-2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Normal human foreskin fibroblasts in stationary phase were treated with tetra ethylene-imino-1,4-benzochinon. Treated cells were stored for 0, 1, 2 or 3 weeks on special storage medium and then analyzed for induced chromosome aberrations. The results showed that there was a decrease in the frequency of chromosome aberrations with increasing storage times rather than an increase. These observations may indicate that, (1) a storage effect of the type observed in Drosophila, Neurospora and barley (i.e. increase of genetic damage with duration of storage) does not occur in human cells in culture, or (2) the effect is masked by cell selection and/or repair processes. To inquire whether the absence of a storage effect might have been, at least in part, due to the interaction of repair processes and the effect sought, xeroderma pigmentosum cells in stationary phase were treated with N-acetoxy-AAF. This experiment likewise provided no evidence for a storage effect. PMID- 1250250 TI - Incorporation of (3H)thymidine stimulated by ultraviolet radiation into human fibroblast cultures. AB - We studied DNA repair synthesis after ultraviolet irradiation in human fibroblasts cultured in vitro by measuring the ultraviolet-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cells in which the semi-conservative DNA replication was inhibited by hydroxyurea. Experiments performed with five fibroblasts lines derived from healthy donors showed a relatively fast initial process ( that is completed within 1 h for 100 erg/mm2 and within 2 h for 500 erg/mm2) and a subsequent slower process, evident between 2 and 6 h after irradiation. The repair capacity of normal cells is expressed by the difference between the values of incorporation (in presence of hydroxyurea) of irradiated and control cells. The pattern of repair was similar in all five cell lines: repair capacity was positive and the amount of repair synthesis increased with incubation time after UV irratiation. Similar experiments were performed with fibroblasts derived from five patients with the classical xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and from one patient with the De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome. Normal and XP cells could be distinguished according to whether they displayed a positive or negative value of repair synthesis and/or according to the degree of the slope of the repair synthesis curve as a function of the incubation time after irradiation. We conclude that the technique used in our experiments can demonstrate in a rapid and simple way a defect in the repair capacity in fibroblast cultures; the data are in good agreement with those obtained in the same XP cell lines by other authors [9], who have measured unscheduled DNA synthesis in autoradiographs and repair replication after addition of BUdR. PMID- 1250251 TI - An evaluation of the mutagenicity of the cutting oil preservative Grotan BK. AB - The micronucleus test in rats was used to investigate the mutagenic potential of Grotan BK, a preserving agent used in industrial cutting oils. The test compound was administered either by intragastric intubation, dermal application or subcutaneous injection. CFHB (Wistar) rats were given two equal dosages separated by 24 h to provide total dosages of 15,60,240 or 960 mg/kg. In addition, as a positive control, benzidine at a total dosage of 409.6 mg/kg was administered similarly by the dermal and subcutaneous routes. Bone marrow preparations were screened for the presence of micronucleated cells in 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes. No increase in the incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes was observed for any group given Grotan BK by any of the three administration routes, or at any dose level. Benzidine induced high incidences of microcucleated erythrocytes following both dermal application and subcutaneous injection. PMID- 1250252 TI - Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes after occupational exposure to lead and cadmium. PMID- 1250253 TI - 5-bromodeoxyuridine mutagenesis in synchronous hamster cells. PMID- 1250254 TI - Dominant lethal assay in female mice after oral dosing with dichlorvos or exposure to atmospheres containing dichlorovos. PMID- 1250255 TI - DDAVP in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus. AB - DDAVP, 1-desamino-8-d-arginine-vasopressin, is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin with increased antidiuretic activity and decreased pressor activity. Whereas the antidiuretic-to-pressor ratio of arginine vasopressin is 1, the antidiuretic-to-pressor ratio of DDAVP is 4000. When administered as an intranasal spray, 5 to 20 mug of DDAVP produced eight to 20 hours of antidiuresis in patients with complete central diabetes insipidus. The minimum recommended therapeutic dose resulted in a maximum antidiuresis in most patients. No side effects of the drug were noted in clinical trials. DDAVP thus gives promise of becoming the standard treatment of severe central diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1250256 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 10-1976. PMID- 1250258 TI - Editorial: "Obfuscation" in medical writing. PMID- 1250257 TI - Editorial: Parathormone levels vs. parathormone function. PMID- 1250259 TI - Sounding board. Hegemony in medicine revisited. PMID- 1250260 TI - Massachusetts Medical Society. Committee on Maternal Welfare. Induction of labor and amniotic-fluid infusion. PMID- 1250261 TI - Letter: Chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 1250263 TI - Letter: Genesis of Dandy-Walker syndrome. PMID- 1250262 TI - Letter: Recurrent herpes simplex. PMID- 1250264 TI - Letter: Carbon monoxide, atherosclerosis, and natives of the highlands of New Guinea. PMID- 1250265 TI - Letter: Biosynthesis of collagen. PMID- 1250266 TI - Letter: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia with increased propionic acid excretion and hyperammonemia. PMID- 1250267 TI - Letter: Analysis of phonoangiographic data. PMID- 1250268 TI - Letter: Phosphate excretion Cp/Ccr vs. PEI. PMID- 1250269 TI - Letter: Vitamin C and plasma lipids. PMID- 1250271 TI - Letter: Practice of humanistic medicine. PMID- 1250270 TI - Letter: Gallop--or canter rhythm? PMID- 1250272 TI - Letter: Soul of a surgeon. PMID- 1250273 TI - Letter: Preventive motivation in national health insurance. PMID- 1250275 TI - Letter: Malpractice suits and defensive medicine. PMID- 1250274 TI - Letter: Is a lifetime subscription a bargain? PMID- 1250276 TI - Letter: The oral-hypoglycemic controversy. PMID- 1250277 TI - Letter: Medical writing. PMID- 1250278 TI - Letter: Impartial signed reviews. PMID- 1250279 TI - Letter: White coats 34 years ago. PMID- 1250280 TI - Detection of anti-acetylcholine receptor factors in serum and thymus from patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Since the blood and thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis may contain inhibitors of neuromuscular transmission that affect acetylcholine receptors of striated muscle, we used denervated rat muscle to test for inhibitors in 43 serums and 18 thymus glands from such patients. Seven per cent of serums inhibited the binding of 125l alpha-bungarotoxin to triton-solubilized receptors; 65 per cent interfered with binding of toxin-labeled receptors to concanavalin-A coupled to Sepharose gel, and 85 per cent formed IgG-receptor complexes detectable by immunoprecipitation. Serum inhibitory activity varied widely among patients with similar clinical manifestations and was not correlated with duration of myasthenia gravis or thymectomy. Among thymus extracts, 44 per cent were inhibitory in the concanavalin-A binding assay, whereas 72 per cent contained anti-receptor IgG. Thus, serums from patients with myasthenia gravis contain more than one anti-receptor factor. PMID- 1250281 TI - Interaction of quinidine with anticonvulsant drugs. AB - Drug-disposition studies of orally administered quinidine in four normal healthy volunteers indicated that phenobarbital and phenytoin reduced the half-life of quinidine by approximately 50 per cent (control, 3.0 to 6.1 hours, and with anticonvulsants, 1.6 to 2.6 hours). Alterations of similar magnitude in the apparent plasma clearance of quinidine after oral administration (control 20.0 to 32.0 liters per hour; with anticonvulsant 44.0 to 94.0 liters per hour) suggest that this effect is probably due to an increase in the rate of metabolism of quinidine, although decreased absorption cannot be entirely ruled out. In two index patients the concomitant use of anticonvulsant drugs resulted in inadequate blood levels of quinidine with standard dosages of that drug. PMID- 1250282 TI - Perinatal care of low-risk mothers and infants. Early discharge with home care. AB - A family-centered perinatal-care program featuring collaboration by nurse practitioners, obstetricians, pediatricians, and paramedical personnel was developed to enhance family participation and achieve a shorter but safe hospital stay. Discharge from the hospital was permitted as early as 12 hours after delivery. A perinatal nurse practitioner made daily home visits. The program's safety, feasibility, and acceptability to patients was studied by comparison of 44 patients so treated (study group) with 44 receiving traditional care (controls). Twenty-one study families, but no controls, went home within 24 hours. The study and control groups had no significant differences or trends in numbers of types of morbidity during hospitalization or the six-week post-partum period. The expense of the program is approximately equaled by hospital costs saved through early discharge. The results indicate that early discharge with home-care follow-up observation as described is safe, economically feasible, and well accepted by patients. PMID- 1250283 TI - Sex chromosome disorders. PMID- 1250284 TI - Isolation of swine influenza virus from autopsy lung tissue of man. PMID- 1250285 TI - By the London Post. The price of oil--Death of a baby--No sex, please--We're British. PMID- 1250286 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. PMID- 1250287 TI - Letter: Cautious interpretation of plasma vip levels. PMID- 1250288 TI - Letter: Problems with filtration-collected neutrophils. PMID- 1250289 TI - Letter: H2 breath test for lactase deficiency. PMID- 1250290 TI - Letter: Tetracyclines in gonorrhea therapy. PMID- 1250291 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of wheezing and cough. PMID- 1250293 TI - Letter: Life styles: controlled or libertarina? PMID- 1250292 TI - Letter: Skin color and HLA. PMID- 1250294 TI - Letter: More on addressing the patient. PMID- 1250295 TI - Letter: More on pathologists and microbiologists. PMID- 1250296 TI - Letter: Careers in specialties not determined by need. PMID- 1250297 TI - Letter: Political prisoner in the soviet. PMID- 1250298 TI - Medicine and Public Affairs. The state of American science--a touch of anemia? PMID- 1250299 TI - Violence, television and the health of American youth. AB - In 1973, 18,032 young Americans, 15 to 24 years of age, died in motor-vehicle accidents, 5182 were murdered, and 4098 committed suicide. The death rate, for this age group, was 19 per cent higher in 1973-74 than it had been in 1960-61, owing entirely to deaths by violence. The largest rise in deaths from homicide during the past two decades was at the ages of one to four. For a considerable proportion of American children and youth, the "culture of violence" is now both a major health threat and a way of life. One contributing factor is television's massive daily diet of symbolic crime and violence in "entertainment" programs. After numerous studies of televsion influence on real-life violence, including two major government commissions, the industry is experimenting with a 7 to 9 p.m. "Family Hour" (6 to 8 p.m. Central Time) from which violence, along with sex, has been largely banished. Three industry unions claim censorship and are suing. The medical profession is urged to concern itself with this serious and complex health hazard. PMID- 1250300 TI - Pain and perfectionism -- the physician and the "pain patient". PMID- 1250301 TI - Editorial: Violence on tv: an unchecked environmental hazard. PMID- 1250302 TI - Humane treatment and the treatment of humans. PMID- 1250303 TI - Comprehensive health care and motor-vehicle safety. PMID- 1250304 TI - Letter: Prophylaxis of meningococcal infections. PMID- 1250305 TI - Letter: Necrotizing enterocolitis: protective factor in breast milk. PMID- 1250306 TI - Letter: Aspects of clonidine therapy. PMID- 1250307 TI - Letter: Absence of cardioactivity in extracts from ultra flo II dialyzers. PMID- 1250309 TI - Letter: Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 1250310 TI - Letter: Fetal research. PMID- 1250308 TI - Letter: Heparin for the hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 1250311 TI - Letter: Advertising by M.D.'s. PMID- 1250312 TI - Letter: Duplicate publication. PMID- 1250313 TI - Urea-cycle enzyme deficiencies and an increased nitrogen load producing hyperammonemia in Reye's syndrome. AB - Assay of urea-cycle enzymes in liver tissue showed ornithine transcarbamylase activities of 18 to 72 per cent of the normal mean in eight patients with Reye's syndrome, below the range of normal in seven of eight, and, in six cases, as low as those in females with X-linked deficiency of this enzyme. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase activities were less than 32 per cent of controls in two patients. Argininosuccinate synthetase and lyase activities were normal in seven patients. Arginase was normal in two biopsy specimens, but below normal in four of five autopsy specimens. The Km's for ornithine and carbamyl phosphate, pH optimum, and heat lability of ornithine transcarbamylase were normal. Two patients excreted 0.64 and 0.58 g per kilogram per day of urinary nitrogen at the peak of hyperammonemia, in spite of peritoneal dialysis. The hyperammonemia of Reye's syndrome apparently results from excess waste nitrogen that overwhelms the ability of reduced ornithine transcarbamylase (and occasionally carbamyl phosphate synthetase) to detoxify the ammonia load. PMID- 1250314 TI - The serum digitalis concentration--does it diagnose digitalis toxicity? AB - We propose that an investigation of the serum digitalis concentration as a test for digitalis toxicity should (1) study patients with similar toxic manifestations, (2) obtain control concentrations from nontoxic patients with symptoms suggesting toxicity, (3) define criteria for toxicity and nontoxicity, (4) select representative patients, (5) describe the study population and (6) analyze how much diagnostic information the serum digitalis concentration provides that cannot be inferred from other observations. To determine if available evidence validates the digitalis concentration as a test for toxicity 27 reports were reviewed. No investigation employed symptomatic controls. Of five studies most consistent with points 1-5 only three demonstrated higher mean serum digitalis concentrations in toxic patients. Whether knowledge of the digitalis concentrations was diagnostically more useful than knowledge of the digitalis dosage, renal function, serum potassium concentration and cardiac status was not determined in any study. The usefulness of the serum digitalis concentration as a test for digitalis toxicity is therefore not established. PMID- 1250315 TI - Influence of training and experience on selecting criteria to evaluate medical care. AB - To determine whether training and experience affect the selection of process criteria for evaluating medical care, three groups of physicians (family physicians, general pediatricians, and pediatricians specializing in infectious disease) were sent a questionnaire asking their opinions about various clinical actions in 125 clinical situations concerning respiratory infections in infants. Five hundred and twenty-four (54 per cent) physicians returned completed questionnaires. The three groups agreed in 93 (74 per cent) situations, especially about history taking, physical examination, and follow-up observation. Disagreements occurred most often regarding antibiotic use. Of the three groups, the family physicians selected the most extensive list of recommended actions including the greatest number of indications for antibiotics. The general pediatricians selected the fewest situations requiring history taking, physical examination and diagnostic tests. The infectious-disease pediatricians felt the greatest necessity to record history and physical-examination items but were the most restrictive in recommending antibiotics and other drugs. PMID- 1250316 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 16-1976. PMID- 1250317 TI - Editorial: Ammonia disposal in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1250318 TI - Editorial: How useful are serum digitalis measurements? PMID- 1250319 TI - Letter: Serum ferritin. PMID- 1250320 TI - Letter: Elevated muramidase levels in histiocytic medullary reticulosis. PMID- 1250321 TI - Letter: Granulomatous synovitis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 1250322 TI - Letter: Propranolol treatment of VPB's. PMID- 1250323 TI - Letter: Myasthenia gravis and XYY syndrome. PMID- 1250324 TI - Letter: Thyrotropin determination as a screening test for neonatal hypothyroidism. PMID- 1250325 TI - Letter: Amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia and pituitary tumors. PMID- 1250326 TI - Letter: Ultrasonography of ovarian masses. PMID- 1250327 TI - Letter: Measurement of respiratory drive. PMID- 1250328 TI - Possible asthmatic reaction to fabric softener. PMID- 1250329 TI - Letter: "Primum non nocere" and disability certification. PMID- 1250330 TI - Letter: "Copping-out" disease. PMID- 1250331 TI - Letter: Reflex horn syndrome. PMID- 1250332 TI - Letter: Request for brand names. PMID- 1250333 TI - Letter: Who purple-xed the Debakeys's? PMID- 1250334 TI - Letter: Journal lifetime subscriptions are bargains. PMID- 1250336 TI - Behavioural fever in teleost fishes. PMID- 1250335 TI - The structure of the protein disk of tobacco mosaic virus to 5A resolution. AB - An electron density map of the TMV disk at 5A resolution has been obtained using isomorphous replacement and non-crystallographic symmetry. The polypeptide chain can be traced with little ambiguity. The axial contacts between protein subunits are unlike those in the virus, the disk being a more open structure apparently designed for rapid interaction with the RNA. PMID- 1250337 TI - Gravity as the sole navigational aid to the newborn quokka. PMID- 1250339 TI - Classical pathway activation of complement system by IgA anti-C3 antibody. PMID- 1250338 TI - L-leucine, a specific inhibitor of a rare human placental alkaline phosphatase phenotype. PMID- 1250340 TI - Antibodies against homogeneous epoxide hydratase provide evidence for a single enzyme hydrating styrene oxide and benz(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide. PMID- 1250341 TI - Complexity of germline and somatic DNA in Ascaris. PMID- 1250342 TI - No detectable satellite DNA in supernumerary chromosomes of the grasshopper Myrmeleotettix. PMID- 1250343 TI - Mechanism of differential Giemsa method for sister chromatids. PMID- 1250344 TI - Thermolabile transfecting DNA from temperature-sensitive mutant of phage phi29. PMID- 1250346 TI - Model reaction for biological reduction of nitrate involving Mo(III)/Mo(V). PMID- 1250345 TI - Involvement of DNA in resistance of potatoes to invasion by Phytophthora infestans. PMID- 1250347 TI - Relevance of oxygen ligands to reduction of ligating dinitrogen. PMID- 1250348 TI - Elevation of selenium levels in air by xerography. PMID- 1250349 TI - Examination of ATCC stocks for HeLa marker chromosomes in human cell lines. PMID- 1250350 TI - Resistance of activated macrophages to H-2 antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and Fc rosette inhibition. PMID- 1250351 TI - H-2-like specificities of foreign haplotypes appearing on a mouse sarcoma after vaccinia virus infection. PMID- 1250352 TI - Surface membrane alterations in somatic cell hybrids of neuroblastoma and glioma cells. PMID- 1250353 TI - Tumour promotor induces plasminogen activator. PMID- 1250354 TI - Evidence for inhibition of platelet activation in blood by a drug effect on erythrocytes. PMID- 1250355 TI - Confusion between specific and nonspecific binding of carcinoembryonic antigen and blood-group antigens by eluted antibody preparations. PMID- 1250356 TI - The presence of Na-Na and Na-K exchange in sodium extrusion by three species of fish. PMID- 1250357 TI - Roles of carbonyl oxygens at the bilayer interface in phospholipid-sterol interaction. PMID- 1250358 TI - Effect of prostaglandin synthesis on renal function and renin in the dog. PMID- 1250359 TI - Letter: Evolutionary changes in insulin. PMID- 1250361 TI - Letter: Aedes aegypti complex in Africa. PMID- 1250360 TI - Letter: Temperature, phenoxybenzamine and adrenoceptor transformation. PMID- 1250362 TI - Two origins of replication in composite R plasmid DNA. PMID- 1250363 TI - Search for correlation between geomagnetic disturbances and mortality. PMID- 1250364 TI - Hardy-Weinberg ratios and rare male mating advantage. PMID- 1250365 TI - Energetic cost of locomotion in Australian hopping mice. PMID- 1250366 TI - Selective entry of immunoblasts into gut from intestinal lymph. PMID- 1250367 TI - Increase in serum haptoglobin stimulated by prostaglandins. PMID- 1250368 TI - Exclusively inhibitory action of iontophoretic acetylcholine on single neurones of feline thalamus. PMID- 1250369 TI - Formation of oestradiol-17beta from oestrone sulphate by sheep foetal pituitary in vitro. PMID- 1250370 TI - Enzyme induction in mammalian cells defective in 28S ribosomal RNA formation. PMID- 1250372 TI - Evidence for a major conformational change of coat protein in assembly of fl bacteriophage. PMID- 1250371 TI - Compact form of DNA induced by spermidine. PMID- 1250373 TI - Alpha and beta chains of the major haemoglobin and a note on the minor component of Tarsius. PMID- 1250374 TI - Letter: Clocklike behaviour of biological clocks. PMID- 1250375 TI - Bursal dissections and gill pouch hormones. AB - The terrestrial survival of birds and mammals depends on evolutionary chantes in cloacal bursae and gill pouches. Comparative dissections of these pouches provide insight into the coordinated functions of cervical endocrine organs, especially as they affect lymphoid tissue. PMID- 1250376 TI - Inference of the time of origin of some Drosophila species. PMID- 1250377 TI - Positional signalling by mouse limb polarising region in the chick wing bud. PMID- 1250378 TI - Suppression of the incidence of death with spontaneous tumours in DBA/2 mice after Corynebacterium parvum-mediated rejection of syngeneic tumours. PMID- 1250379 TI - Immunosuppression by micromolecular fibrinogen degradation products in cancer. PMID- 1250380 TI - Correlation between specific cytolysis and expression of idiotypic receptors of allograft-infiltrating cells. PMID- 1250381 TI - Cytotoxicity of antibody-coated trypanosomes by normal human lymphoid cells. PMID- 1250382 TI - New evidence on the location of the saccharide-binding site of concanavalin A. PMID- 1250383 TI - Concanavalin A blocks desensitisation of glutamate receptors on insect muscle fibres. PMID- 1250384 TI - Antagonism between channels for pattern and movement in human vision. PMID- 1250385 TI - Effects of ethanol injections on morphine consumption in morphine-preferring rats. PMID- 1250386 TI - Production of human chorionic gonadotropin in HeLa cell cultures. PMID- 1250387 TI - Loss of a non-histone chromatin protein parallels in vitro differentiation of cartilage. PMID- 1250388 TI - Expression of parental histone genes in the intergeneric hybrid Triticale hexaploide. PMID- 1250389 TI - Transbilayer movement of cholesterol in dipalmitoyllecithin-cholesterol vesicles. PMID- 1250390 TI - Identification of beta carbolines isolated from fluorescent human lens proteins. PMID- 1250391 TI - Light-induced fast conformational change in all-trans-retinal at low temperature. PMID- 1250392 TI - Letter: Algal sexuality. PMID- 1250393 TI - Quantitative assessment of carcinogenic risks associated with 'hot particles'. AB - We have examined the hot particle problem in terms of the number of irradiated cells and the doses to which they are subjected, assuming both linear and nonlinear dose-response functions typical of those reported in the radiobiological literature. We assess the risk associated with point sources of alpha, beta and gamma activity compared with uniform irradiation, as well as the effects of fractionation of a single particle, and the change in risk if the particle moves. Finally, although the biological data are insufficient for firm estimates, we have tentatively attributed absolute carcinogenic risks in these various situations. PMID- 1250394 TI - Aspects of the dosimetry of plutonium in bone. AB - After animals have been exposed to plutonium it eventually becomes distributed unevenly throughout the bone tissue. There is therefore a need to study the dosimetry of plutonium, particularly 239Pu, as a function of its depth of burial in bone. This article discusses a simple approach to the problem, and the magnitude of some of the possible errors involved. PMID- 1250396 TI - Wild birds detect quinine on artificial Batesian models. PMID- 1250395 TI - Mortality and the 1974 fuel crisis. PMID- 1250397 TI - Aggregation response of nymphs to pheromone(s) produced by males of the tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Koch). PMID- 1250398 TI - Unique Golgi apparatus and vesicle formation in a red alga. PMID- 1250400 TI - Absence of transient tritanopia after adaptation to very intense yellow light. PMID- 1250399 TI - Possible regeneration of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing fibres into irides transplanted into the central nervous system. PMID- 1250401 TI - Role of serum in protease-induced stimulation of 3T3 cell division past the monolayer stage. PMID- 1250402 TI - Specificity and reversibility of interferon ganglioside interaction. PMID- 1250403 TI - Thrombin-sensitive surface protein of cultured chick embryo cells. PMID- 1250404 TI - Influenza A antigens on human lymphocytes in vitro and probably in vivo. PMID- 1250405 TI - Dopamine-like renal and mesenteric vasodilation caused by apomorphine 6 propylnorapomorphine and 2-amino-6, 7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. PMID- 1250406 TI - Possible involvement of central histamine H2-receptors in the hypotensive effect of clonidine. PMID- 1250407 TI - Induction of ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis in immature chick oviducts by ethionine. PMID- 1250408 TI - Primer-dependent copying of rabbit globin mRNA with Qbeta replicase. PMID- 1250409 TI - Naturally occurring antibody against unusually high serum DNA polymerase activity. PMID- 1250410 TI - Measurement of forces between lecithin bilayers. PMID- 1250411 TI - Letter: Similarities between "cholinergic proteolipid" and detergent-extracted cholinergic proteins. PMID- 1250412 TI - The role of long range forces in ordered arrays of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - We examine the role of electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals' attraction in determining interviral spacings in 'equilibrium' gels of tobacco mosaic virus. The observed spacings are inconsistent with a force-balance model. Experimental probes of the role of forces are suggested. PMID- 1250413 TI - Reiteration frequency of the gene for tissue-specific histone H5 in the chicken genome. AB - Chicken erythroid cells contain a tissue specific histone known as H5 in addition to the five major histone species found in other organisms. The mRNA coding for this histone has been isolated by indirect immunoprecipitation from immature, non dividing reticulocytes in which this is the only histone synthesised. The mRNA has been modified by the enzymatic addition of a 3' polyadenylic acid tract, and transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus. Studies on the hybridisation of this cDNA indicate that the gene coding for the H5 histone is reiterated 10 times in the chicken genome. PMID- 1250414 TI - Organisation of the genes coding for 5S RNA in the Chinese hamster. AB - Hybridisation of iodinated mouse 5S RNA with Chinese hamster DNA fractionated on a CsCl gradient, identifies two separate DNA components that hybridise with the labelled probe. One component is slightly, and one considerably heavier than the main band DNA. This suggests that the gene coding for 5S RNA in the Chinese hamster may constitute two distinct populations differing in G + C content of their adjacent spacer regions. PMID- 1250415 TI - Search for new silver-ion solid electrolytes for use in batteries. PMID- 1250416 TI - Are morphogenetic tissue interactions mediated by transmissible signal substances or through cell contacts? PMID- 1250417 TI - Haploid mouse blastocysts developed from bisected zygotes. PMID- 1250418 TI - Imperfect complementation in human-hamster somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 1250419 TI - Isolation of immunogenic tumor cells by cell-affinity chromatography. PMID- 1250420 TI - Differential response of cells grown in light and dark to near-ultraviolet light. PMID- 1250421 TI - Two kinds of cholinoreceptors on the membrane of the completely isolated identified Planorbarius corneus neurone. PMID- 1250422 TI - Fluorescence changes during electrical activity in frog muscle stained with merocyanine. PMID- 1250423 TI - Effect of temperature and pressure on polymerisation equilibrium of neuronal microtubules. PMID- 1250424 TI - Androgen-sensitive midbrain sites and visual attention in chicks. PMID- 1250425 TI - Ribosome metabolism in temperature-sensitive mutant of BHK cells. PMID- 1250426 TI - Ips grandicollis: field response to the optically pure pheromone. PMID- 1250427 TI - Southern pine beetle: effect of aerial pheromone saturation on orientation. PMID- 1250428 TI - [Effect of gibberellin acid on Ehrlich ascites tumor growth in combination with 3% hydrogen peroxide]. PMID- 1250429 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy combined with unaffected intra-uterine pregnancy]. PMID- 1250430 TI - [Hepato- and splenomegaly due to phenacetin abuse]. PMID- 1250431 TI - [Letter: First aid to drowning persons by Buginese fishermen]. PMID- 1250432 TI - [Congenital skin defects of crown (aplasia cutis congenita)]. PMID- 1250433 TI - [A bump under the ear]. PMID- 1250434 TI - [Cytostatic agents and male fertility]. PMID- 1250435 TI - [Penicillamine on the decline?]. PMID- 1250436 TI - [Pro and contra: electrocardiography in general practice]. PMID- 1250437 TI - [Perinatal morbidity]. PMID- 1250438 TI - [The concept of mental accountability in violent crime]. PMID- 1250440 TI - [Blood pressure measurement]. PMID- 1250439 TI - [The numerators and the denominators; evaluation of surgical methods]. PMID- 1250441 TI - [Letter: Postoperative thrombosis prevention with low doses of heparin administered subcutaneously]. PMID- 1250442 TI - [Letter: Chronic aseptic meningitis]. PMID- 1250443 TI - [Letter: A simple spatial scheme for the classification of disorders in the septum-forming process of the human heart using morphogenetic criteria]. PMID- 1250444 TI - [Hyperthyroidism in elderly patients. I. Clinical picture]. PMID- 1250445 TI - [Pediatric surgery. Experience with short-time hospitalization and various notes on anesthesiological and nursing technics]. PMID- 1250447 TI - [Shortening of hospital stay]. PMID- 1250446 TI - [Spontaneous thrombosis of arteriovenous malformation in cerebral vessels, 10 years after manifestation of lesion]. PMID- 1250449 TI - [Effects of sensory deprivation as hostages]. PMID- 1250448 TI - [Hemophilia, a changed picture]. PMID- 1250450 TI - [A curable muscular disease]. PMID- 1250451 TI - [Treatment of hirsutism with cyproterone acetate]. PMID- 1250452 TI - [Diabetes mellitus with nephrotic syndrome not caused by glomerulosclerosis]. PMID- 1250453 TI - [Hemolytic anemia and levodopa]. PMID- 1250454 TI - [National Poisoning Information Center]. PMID- 1250455 TI - [Contraceptive effectiveness of sequential preparations]. PMID- 1250456 TI - [Letter: Ginseng]. PMID- 1250457 TI - [Letter: Halitosis]. PMID- 1250458 TI - [Letter: Neurological side effects of piperazine]. PMID- 1250459 TI - [Letter: Fainting with coma in urticaria generalisata (cold allergy) attack]. PMID- 1250460 TI - [Letter: Smallpox R.I.P]. PMID- 1250461 TI - [Current drugs against tuberculosis]. PMID- 1250462 TI - [Foundation of The Association for Advancement of Clinical Pharmacology]. PMID- 1250464 TI - [Metatarsalgia. Load is good if it is not too much]. PMID- 1250463 TI - [Letter: Congenital scalp defects (aplasia cutis congenita)]. PMID- 1250465 TI - [Sacrococcygeal teratomas]. PMID- 1250466 TI - [Treatment of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 1250467 TI - [Importance of breast-milk for the child growing up in less favorable conditions]. PMID- 1250468 TI - [Proctalgia fugax]. PMID- 1250469 TI - [Late radionecrosis of the cerebrum]. PMID- 1250470 TI - [Letter: Are progestational agents indicated in threatened abortion?]. PMID- 1250471 TI - [Tetanus prevention]. PMID- 1250472 TI - [Letter: Fainting with coma in urticaria generalisata (cold allergy) attack]. PMID- 1250473 TI - [Pancreatic neoplasms]. PMID- 1250474 TI - [The physician confronted with patients suffering from KZ (concentration camp) syndrome]. PMID- 1250475 TI - [Acute inferior and anteroseptal infarction of ventricles, atrial infarction and complete atrioventricular block in an Indonesian patient]. PMID- 1250476 TI - [Shoulder pain]. PMID- 1250477 TI - [Vaccination against herpes simplex]. PMID- 1250478 TI - [Missed diagnosis of dehydration in an infant with diarrhea and fever]. PMID- 1250479 TI - [Letter: Anemia; practical hints for diagnosis in general and for treatment of iron deficiency anemia particularly]. PMID- 1250481 TI - Physicians, teachers and school health education. PMID- 1250480 TI - The management of tachyarrhythmias in the emergency room. PMID- 1250482 TI - Medical treatment of lymphomas. PMID- 1250483 TI - Mucinous cystadenoma in an adolescent: a case report. PMID- 1250484 TI - [Clinical studies on neuralgic shoulder amyotrophy]. PMID- 1250485 TI - [Pedagogical viewpoints on aphasia and on the therapy of aphasia]. PMID- 1250486 TI - [Clinical picture of opsoclonus]. PMID- 1250487 TI - [Trauma as the cause of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 1250488 TI - [Epilepsy and the driving-license. Examination 1973/74 in cooperation with the Federal Motor Vehicle Administration in Flensburg]. PMID- 1250489 TI - [Letter: Reply to the criticism by Huber et al. (this J.46, 390-394(1975)) of my paper "A new concept for understanding cerebral speech disorders" (this J.45, 94 97(1974)]. PMID- 1250490 TI - [Letter: Emancipation or personality theory? Comments on the paper by M. Pohlen: "Psychoanalysis and psychiatry in convergence" (this J.43, 628-34(1972))]. PMID- 1250491 TI - The intriguing story of somatostatin. PMID- 1250492 TI - Porphyria variegata in a Curacao negroid female. PMID- 1250493 TI - Rupture of the wall of the right ventricle; a rare complication of cardiac amyloidosis. PMID- 1250494 TI - Automated blood pressure recording versus conventional manometry; comments on blood pressure variability. PMID- 1250495 TI - Glomerular lesions and final outcome in children with glomerulonephritis of acute onset. AB - 131 children with nephritic syndrome of acute onset were studied by renal biopsy and were followed clinically from 2 to 13 years. 87 patients (66%) with proliferative endocapillary glomerulonephritis all recovered. 21 (16%) had focal extracapillary and diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis. Eleven (52%) of these recovered. Six patients (5%) had diffuse extra and endocapillary glomerulonephritis, 13 (10%) had membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and four had diffuse glomerular fibrosis. All 23 patients of the latter groups progressed to renal insufficiency. A correlation between morphology and prognosis was apparent in this study. PMID- 1250496 TI - Influence of extracorporeal dialysis on parathyroid hormone secretion in patients with acute renal failure. AB - Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was estimated in 30 patients with renal failure before and after haemodialysis. All patients were anuric or oliguric at the time of the investigation. Pre-dialysis iPTH values were significantly elevated (3.4 ng/ml) as compared with normal subjects (less than 0.5 ng/ml). Simultaneously, a significant hypocalcaemia (4.15 mEq/litre) was confirmed which was negatively correlated with iPTH levels. After 7-8 h of haemodialysis using a calcium concentration of 4.0 mEq/litre in the dialysate, a significant drop of iPTH level to 1.8 ng/ml was noted. PMID- 1250497 TI - Letter: Focal glomerulonephritis, pregnancy and miscarriage. PMID- 1250498 TI - Is renal compensatory hypertrophy controlled by a "renotrophic factor"? PMID- 1250499 TI - Observations on the pathogenesis of low pressure hydrocephalus. Analysis of 25 cases. AB - Over a period of three and a half years 25 cases of L.P.H. were observed. An analysis was attempted on thirteen of these, which did show a particular interest, from pathogenetic point of view. All thirteen had been operated upon with very good results. PMID- 1250500 TI - Perangiographic rupture of a right posterior communicating artery aneurysm. AB - Contrast material was seen to extravasate twice from a posterior communicating arterial aneurysm during injection of the internal carotid artery under local anesthesia. The patient made full recovery. The aneurysm was then successfully clipped. The authors review related reports. The increase in distal arterial pressure is thought to be the cause of the aneurysmal rupture. PMID- 1250501 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the basilar artery. Report of a case. AB - A case of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), mostly involving the basilar artery, associated with an intracranial aneurysm, is presented. Although the patient was symptomatic, the typical angiographic pattern is felt to be in this case an incidental finding. However the potential for FMD to produce severe neurological impairment is emphasized. The case is used as a basis for discussing shortly the incidence, the characteristic radiological appearance, the relationship with the presence of intracranial aneurysms and the therapeutic problems of FMD. PMID- 1250502 TI - [Effect of jugular vein compression on intracranial pressure]. PMID- 1250503 TI - [Intraoperative demonstration of the neoplasm cavity in open transsphenoidal pituitary gland surgery using dimer X]. AB - The problems of the complete removal of pituitary fossa tumours by transsphenoidal approach and its risk of producing a rhino-liquorrhea are well known. Concerning these difficulties a control of the operative procedure by intrasellar application of contrast medium is recommended. PMID- 1250504 TI - The occult intrasacral meningocele. AB - Three cases of occult intrasacral meningocele, one of them with an intrasacral and presacral neurofibroma, are reported. The literature is briefly reviewed. Pathogenesis, clinical picture, radiological findings and surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 1250505 TI - [Acute diffuse bullous epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome). Etiopathogenic aspects and therapeutic contribution]. AB - A case of Lyell's syndrome in a patient of paediatric age is presented complete with iconography organized according to the chronological sequence of skin manifestations. The aetiopathogentic aspects are discussed, from the importance of pharmacotoxic factors to that of bacterial or viral agents and unknown factors. The possible immunological or genetic mechanism that may play a part are also examined. The histological picture is described and the personal therapeutic approach is commented on. This is suitable for everyday clinical practice and consists of local dermato-oculo-protective treatment, rehydration and antishock treatment, and anti-infective and nutritional measures. PMID- 1250506 TI - [Ultrasonics in diagnosis of the upper abdomen]. AB - On the basis of seven cases of suspected liver pathology, an albeit modest contribution has been made to the significance and diagnostic possibilities of ultrasonographic investigation of the upper abdomen. In four cases, ultrasound findings were confirmed by scintigraphy and in three cases by necropsy and histological reports. PMID- 1250507 TI - [Notes on a case of clinostatic chyluria]. AB - A clinical case of clinostatic chyluria of unknown non-parasitic aetiology, is reported. Ascending pyelography showed the presence of lymphatic communications between right renal pelvis and homolateral lumbo-aortic lymph nodes. Aetiology, pathogenesis, prognosis and diagnostic tools of use in the syndrome are discussed. The problem of the possible lymphatic origin of benign proteinuria, in relation to anatomic considerations and to quality and quantity resemblances between individual protein fractions in chyluria and benign proteinuria encountered in the present case, is also discussed. In order to clarify the problem, emphasis is laid on the advisability of simultaneously studying urinary protein composition in postural chyluria and lipid composition in benign proteinuria. PMID- 1250508 TI - [Environmental and social preventive medicine]. PMID- 1250509 TI - [Examination of healthy people and its medical and social implications]. PMID- 1250510 TI - [Hospitalization]. PMID- 1250511 TI - [Regions and health reform]. PMID- 1250512 TI - [Observations on a 1st experiment for codifying clinical picture for the automatic processing of data]. PMID- 1250513 TI - [Interrelations between behaviour and biosocial factors in children and adolescents Eastern Sicily]. PMID- 1250514 TI - [Medical and social aspects of measles]. PMID- 1250515 TI - [Fluorosis: medical and social aspects]. PMID- 1250516 TI - [Cybernetics technics in social medicine]. PMID- 1250517 TI - [Infantile diabetes]. PMID- 1250518 TI - [Obstetrical care of the diabetic pregnant woman]. PMID- 1250519 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis, complications and prevention of diabetes mellitus from the genetic viewpoint]. PMID- 1250520 TI - [Diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 1250521 TI - [Ocular manifestations of diabetic disease]. PMID- 1250522 TI - [Pancreatic diabetes. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 1250523 TI - [The laboratory in the diabetic disease]. PMID- 1250524 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of insulin]. PMID- 1250525 TI - [The physician-patient relationship in reflexo-therapeutic medicine]. PMID- 1250526 TI - [Possibilities of the use of acupuncture in psychiatric diseases]. PMID- 1250527 TI - [Some hematochemical changes during acupuncture. Preliminary report]. PMID- 1250528 TI - [Reflexotherapy (acupuncture) in the treatment of ulcer caused by venous stasis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1250529 TI - [Lumbosciatica and Nogier's auriculotherapy. Consideration on 50 cases]. PMID- 1250530 TI - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of tumors in infancy]. AB - The availability of short-life, low energy isotopes has enabled scinti-scanning to be usefully applied in paediatrics. A personal series relating to its employment in the diagnosis of tumours in young infants is presented. Illustrative cases in which the technique gave better indication of the site and extent of neoplasia in the brain, lung, kidneys, liver, spleen and skeleton are described. The advantages of the techinque are explained. The amount of radiation absorbed by the part examined and other radiosensitive areas is so small that there is a complete absence of danger, even in small children. PMID- 1250531 TI - [Erythrocyte changes of membrane proteins in some hemoglobinopathies]. AB - The electrophoretic behaviour of red cell membrane proteins was studied in thalassaemia major and minor and in sickle-cell anaemia. Protein amino acid composition was also determined following hot hydrolysis of the stromas. Experiments with various solubilisation methods, electrophoresis supports and buffers showed certain changes in these three diseases, accompanied by alterations of the percent ratio of some amino acids. PMID- 1250532 TI - [Analogies and contrasts of familial enviornment in juveniles attempting suicide and in toxicomania]. AB - The family situation of the young addict and the young person who has attempted suicide features anomalous relatives rather than psychiatric pathology as such. These relatives condition disturbed interpersonal relations within the family and these are responsible for the abnormal behavior of the patients. In both groups under examination, the family nucleus proved to be disturbed. Rather than the external structure of the family, the decisive factor was the communication between the various members, namely family cohesion proved to be only partial or actually inexistent in about 70% of cases. A substantial difference between the two groups was the father's affective behaviour towards his wife; the addict's father showed a prevalence of a parasitic attitude, while the mother was more hyper-protective with a tendency to establish a relationship of ambiguous dependence with the child, the young person finding it hard to release himself from this. PMID- 1250533 TI - [Relations between atmospheric pollution and the respiratory tract]. AB - After mentioning the close relationships between enviornmental pollution and the respiratory system, the various polluting compounds, from solid particles to fumes and gases, are reviewed, special attention being paid to the commonest types (sulphur and nitrogen compounds). Attention is called to two other polluting factors, asbestos and radioactivity, both of which are important in neoplastic pathology. The complexity of the air pollution problem in relation to respiratory pathology is stressed while stating that the most important problem remains that of prevention. PMID- 1250534 TI - Mass-action effects are indispensable for all the amino acids. PMID- 1250535 TI - Station of the fetal presenting part. VI. Arrest of descent in nulliparas. AB - The specific labor aberration of arrest of descent was investigated in 253 nulliparas. It was found to be associated with fetopelvic disproportion in 52%. Delivery outcome was adversely affected by such factors as high fetal station at time of arrest and long duration of arrest. Arrest of descent occurring during the administration of oxytocin infusion was particularly ominous, no patient subsequently delivering vaginally. The best delivery prognosis was seen in those cases in which apparently causative inhibitory agents, including peridural anesthesia and sedation, were allowed to abate expectantly. Neither immediate operative delivery nor expectancy (other than in the specific abatement cases) was determined to be an appropriate approach to resolving this problem. Postarrest progression, especially if at a rate that was the same as or greater than prearrest descent, proved to be a favorable sign for delivery outcome. Neonatal depression and birth trauma were closely correlated with midforceps procedures, especially when done in conjunction with forceps rotation. Cephalopelvic disproportion yielded poor perinatal results, particularly among those delivered vaginally by instrumental means. Uterotonic stimulation of labor to correct the arrest problem therapeutically also had an adverse effect on the fetus when followed by operative delivery. Based on these observations a program of management was evolved for treating patients with arrest of descent. PMID- 1250536 TI - Significance of neutrophils and bacteria in the amniotic fluid of patients in labor. AB - Amniotic fluid specimens from 110 patients in labor were examined for neutrophils and bacteria. Patients with neutrophils in their amniotic fluid had significantly higher fever indices than patients with clear amniotic fluid. The highest fever indices were found in those patients who delivered by cesarean section after neutrophils were present in their amniotic fluid. Febrile morbidity was significantly reduced in a group of 24 such patients by giving prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 1250537 TI - Oxytocin challenge test in high-risk pregnancy. AB - Seven hundred sixty-seven oxytocin challenge tests (OCT) were performed on 333 high-risk maternity patients. All of the patients had pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, suspected postmaturity, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, hypertension and other disorders. In conjunction with OCT, 24-hour urinary estriol determinations were performed. Negative OCT's were reassuring for fetal well-being. There were 26 positive OCT's on 24 patients. A positive test was significant in identifying endangered fetuses existing in a markedly unfavorable environment. In our experience, we found the OCT more reliable and more predictable than urinary estriol determination. The oxytocin challenge test proved to be significant in the successful management of these 333 high-risk patients. PMID- 1250538 TI - Postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by the findings of renal failure and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in the puerperium. The case reported and literature reviewed demonstrate the need for early recognition and aggressive therapy in this rare and generally fatal condition. PMID- 1250539 TI - In vitro steroidogenesis by human corpora lutea of pregnancy. Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin and prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - Human corpora lutea of pregnancy obtained at 5 to 11 weeks of gestation were incubated in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Progesterone (P) and 17beta-estradiol (E2) released into the medium during incubation were measured by radioimmunoassay. Pieces of the corpora lutea were also examined ultrastructurally before and after incubation. Release of P and E2 into the medium was significantly increased by the addition of hCG and PGF2alpha in some cases. However, the response to hCG and PGF2alpha appeared to vary according to the age of the corpus luteum. Ultrastructurally, the lutein cells were well maintained with respect to the appearance of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria after 120-min incubations. On the basis of these observations, the following conclusions have been reached: 1) This incubation system seems to be suitable for investigating the direct effects of chemicals on lutein cells in vitro. 2) Both hCG and PFG2alpha directly stimulate steroidogenesis in the human corpus luteum of pregnancy, demonstrating their luteotropic actions in vitro. 3) Observed variations in P and E2 secretion might have been due to the different activities of aromatizing enzymes at different stages of gestation. PMID- 1250540 TI - Serum human chorionic somatomammotropin in unaborted hydatidiform mole. AB - Serum human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) was measured in 35 patients with intact unaborted hydatidiform mole by a rapid radioimmunoassay using 70% dioxane in water to separate the bound from unbound fraction. Serum hCG was measured by a hemagglutination inhibition method. Serum hCS ranged from 250 to 5900 ng/ml, while serum hCG ranged from 60 IU/ml on unaborted molar pregnancies. Serum hCS in hydatidiform mole increases from a mean +/- SE of 650 +/- 88.5 ng/ml at 7 to 9 weeks' gestation to 1986.7 +/- 859.3 ng/ml at 22 to 25 week's gestation. There was a significant correlation between uterine size and serum hCS in molar pregnancies (correlation coefficient r = +0.5183; P = 0.0025). There was no significant correlation between serum hCS and serum hCG. Serum hCS in a patient with molar pregnancy who subsequently developed choriocarcinoma was not significantly different from that in patients who did not. The findings indicate: 1) that peripheral hCS increases with increased gestational age in molar pregnancies, 2) that the amount of peripheral serum hCS is related to the mass of molar tissue present and not dependent on serum hCG level, and 3) that the serum hCS level in unaborted hydatidiform mole was a poor index for predicting malignant sequelae. PMID- 1250541 TI - Pathogenesis of microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix uteri. AB - Microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix has commonly been associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptive use. In a review of 22 cases seen over the last 10 years, 6 of the cases were not associated with hormonal changes. The idiopathic presentation of this lesion is reviewed. Microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix mimicking clear cell carcinoma of the cervix occurred in a 26-year-old woman with a history of in utero stilbestrol exposure who was taking an oral contraceptive. The differentiation of these two unusual lesions of the cervix is discussed. PMID- 1250542 TI - Electrocoagulation diathermy for the treatment of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. AB - This report presents further experience in the use of electrocoagulation diathermy for the treatment of patients with cervical intraepithelial disease. By means of the colposcope it was possible to select a group of nonpregnant patients, in whom a proven noninvasive lesion was located entirely within range of the colposcope. This group, comprising 450 patients, has been treated by means of electrocoagulation diathermy, and with followup, only 28 patients have shown evidence of a residual lesion; in 8 of these the residual lesion has been eradicated subsequently by repeat diathermy treatment. Significant complications following electrocoagulation diathermy occurred in 13 patients (3%). The overall apparent cure rate for electrocoagulation diathermy was 95.4%. PMID- 1250543 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in women taking sequential oral contraceptives. AB - Abnormal bleeding while taking oral steroidal contraceptives has been managed by changes in pill or addition of estrogen or progestin moieties. Diagnostic procedures, classically indicated, are universally not undertaken or postponed. Three cases of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in relatively young patients using sequential oral contraceptives for cause are presented to reiterate the need for tissue diagnosis when abnormal bleeding occurs as a common side-effect of contraceptive therapy. PMID- 1250544 TI - Absence of bacteremia after insertion or removal of intrauterine devices. AB - A prospective study of the risk of bacteremia in 84 women having insertion and in 16 women having removal of intrauterine devices was performed. Bacteremia was not found in any of these 100 women at 1 to 3, 15, or 30 minutes after the procedure or in any of 57 women studied again 1.5 hours later. Because of the remote risk of bacteremia, the presence of congenital or valvular heart disease need not be an absolute contraindication to the use of an intrauterine device for contraception in an otherwise healthy young woman. Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy during insertion or removal of an intrauterine device appears to be unnecessary in the absence of evident pelvic infections. The risk of bacteremia during removal of an intrauterine device from an infected uterus cannot be determined from this study. PMID- 1250546 TI - The Stein-Leventhal syndrome and coincidental ovarian tumors. PMID- 1250545 TI - Pharmacologic influences on human ovarian contractions. AB - Spontaneous motility in whole ovarian follicles, as well as in strips from the stroma and capsule of ovaries isolated from premenopausal and menopausal women, was explored. The pharmacologic contractile reactivity of these ovarian structures to different smooth muscle-stimulating agents, ie, prostaglandins E1, E2, F2alpha; norepinephrine; 5-hydroxytriptamine; acetylcholine, phenylephrine; and phentolamine, was also studied. Strips from the capsule and stroma of isolated ovaries showed spontaneous motility in both menopausal and nonmenopausal preparations. The addition of phenylephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, 5-HT, or PGF2alpha induced a sustained tonic contractile tension, whereas PGE1 elicited the opposite influence. Stromal strips from nonmenopausal women showed more reaction to norepinephrine than those from menopausal ones. Ovarian follicles did not exhibit spontaneous motility but responded to added norepinephrine. This influence was blocked by phentolamine, indicating the eventual participation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Acetylcholine, PGF2alpha and, to a smaller extent, PGE2, also increased follicular resting tension. On the contrary, PGE1 was clearly inhibitory both upon the spontaneous basal tone and the PGF2alpha-induced sustained contractions. PMID- 1250547 TI - Menstrual function in Turner's syndrome. AB - This report describes 2 patients with menstrual dysfunction associated with a 45,X0 karotype. One patient had 2 pregnancies before becoming oligomenorrheic. The other had dysfunctional uterine bleeding associated with excessive estrogen production by her streak gonads. PMID- 1250548 TI - Transient asymptomatic hydrothorax in pregnancy at term. AB - Two cases of transient asymptomatic hydrothorax during pregnancy are reported. In both cases the effusions resolved completely within a week of the termination of pregnancy. No apparent pathologic explanation could be found for this finding. PMID- 1250549 TI - Midgut volvulus following cesarean section. AB - Total midgut volvulus and gangrene due to a congenitally elongated mesentery in a 27-year-old primipara occurred 3 days after cesarean section. All of the small bowel distal to the duodenum except for 12 inches of jejunum was resected, and the patient survived. This case and the literature concerning volvulus in pregnancy are reviewed here, and suggestions for prevention and treatment are made. PMID- 1250550 TI - Diagnosis of a supernumerary ovary with human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The preoperative diagnosis of ectopic ovarian tissue has been reported only once in the literature. In the present case, differential ovarian and adrenal testing was used to diagnose and aberrant ovarian source of persistently elevated plasma estrogen in a patient who had undergone bilateral oophorectomy and adrenalectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma. The ovarian source was diagnosed by stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and treatment with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) prior to surgery was used to facilitate its location at laparotomy. PMID- 1250551 TI - Outpatient diagnostic aspiration curettage. AB - A series of 250 patients underwent aspiration curettage; 206 of the 250 underwent the procedure in the office without anesthesia. Patient acceptance of the method was good. Hysterectomy or follow-up dilatation and curettage within 24 hours in 97 patients revealed that the diagnosis was correct in 91% of the cases. The method provides an excellent endometrial specimen for histologic examination, has little risk for the patient, and saves considerable time and cost. PMID- 1250552 TI - Letter: Radiation therapy. PMID- 1250553 TI - Letter: Oxytocin challenge. PMID- 1250554 TI - Letter: FHR acceleration. PMID- 1250555 TI - Management of endometriosis with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - Efficacy of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was assessed in 35 women with an established diagnosis of endometriosis (33 pelvic and 2 abdominal). MPA was given in a dosage of 30 mg daily for 90 days. Results indicated improvement or remission in all cases, even though breakthrough bleeding occurred in 8. Twenty six were treated for associated infertility. Twelve of these became pregnant following treatment. Pregnancy rate in those women whose husbands were fertile was 90%. Side effects included spotting and breakthrough bleeding. The patients usually remained amenorrheic and anovulatory while receiving MPA. Posttreatment resumption of ovulation was prompt. The findings indicate that oral MPA is a useful therapeutic agent in the management of minimal to moderate endometriosis, particularly when it is associated with infertility. PMID- 1250556 TI - The effects of cholinergic agents on ovarian contractility in the rabbit. AB - Cholinergic nerves have been recognized in the ovaries of several species. Smooth muscle fibers have also been demonstrated within the ovary, and it has been suggested that these elements are involved in the ovulatory process. Ovarian contractility was investigated in 49 ovaries from 25 rabbits in in vivo and in vitro systems and correlated with the time of hCG-induced ovulation. Effects of 6 cholinergic drugs on ovarian contractility were recorded at various intervals from 6 to 20 hours after administration of hCG. Cholinergic agents were administered via the abdominal aorta in the in vivo preparations and added to the bath for in vitro studies. In general, acetylcholine, bethanechol and pilocarpine exerted variable effects. Atropine depressed ovarian contractile activity. No definitive pattern of altered sensitivity to cholinergic drugs could be identified as the time of ovulation was approached; however, a relationship was observed between the amount of cholinergic drug administered and effects on ovarian contractions. PMID- 1250557 TI - Cervical incompetence. A diagnostic and prognostic scoring system. AB - Recognition of the incompetent cervical as a cause of midtrimester abortion and prematurity has led to the development of surgical methods of repair. Diagnosis of the condition has generally relied on clinical findings and historical information from the patient. A scoring system based on clinical and historical criteria is suggested for selection of patients for surgical correction. Thirty one cases of cervical incompetence tested surgically over the past 10 years are reviewed. Patients who had higher scores had a higher postoperative pregnancy success rate than the patients with lower scores. The scoring of patients preoperatively appears useful for selection of patients as well as prognostically. PMID- 1250558 TI - Prenatal sex determination by observation of the X-chromatin and the Y-chromatin of exfoliated amniotic fluid cells. AB - Using direct smears of amniotic fluid cells fixed by the flame drying technic, the validity of sex determination by X-chromatin and Y-chromatin counts has been examined. In 112 cases, the sex determination by examination of the X-chromatin was correct in 109 (97%) and was correct by the Y-chromatin technic in 111 (99%). It is concluded that prenatal sex determination by examination of the X-chromatin or the Y-chromatin from fresh amniotic fluid cells is a valuable, rapid, practical method of prenatal sex determination. PMID- 1250559 TI - Glucagon, insulin and glucose levels in maternal and imbilical cord plasma with studies of placental transfer. AB - Plasma immunoreactive glucagon, as well as insulin and glucose levels, was measured in 62 women and their infants following a term gestation vaginal delivery. Simultaneously obtained samples were drawn from the maternal antecubital vein (MV), umbilical vein (UV), and umbilical artery (UA). Forty seven of these subjects were untreated (control) and 15 had received a maternal intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon within 40 minutes of delivery. It was shown that the umbilical cord glucagon levels were not different from the maternal levels in the control subjects (mean MU, 181.0; UU, 191.9; UA, 161.0 pg/ml). There was no correlation between the maternal and umbilical glucagon levels or the UV glucagon levels and the insulin or glucose concentrations. Neither the fetal sex, placental weight, or infant weight were correlated with the MV or UV glucagon concentration. Following the glucagon injection, the maternal plasma glucagon levels rose significantly, whereas the umbilical blood values did not change. These results suggest that glucagon does not significantly pass through the human term placenta. PMID- 1250560 TI - Amniotic fluid embolism with survival. AB - Well-documented amniotic fluid embolism with survival is an uncommon occurrence. A case is reported with characteristic clinical findings in addition to electrocardiographic evidence of acute right heart strain, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and amniotic fluid debris in central venous blood. The impact of this complication on maternal mortality is emphasized. Aggressive therapy with attention to the basic principles of supportive care offers the best chance of survival. PMID- 1250562 TI - Routine phenobarbital for prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. AB - In a parallel study conducted over a 1-year period, involivng 460 private prenatal patients, the effect of routine prenatal phenobarbital for the prevention of neonatal jaundice was evaluated. The incidence of significant jaundice (bilirubin levels greater than or equal to 10 mg/100 ml) occurred in 4.1% of the 221 test patients compared to 16.3% of the 239 control patients. No significant complications resulted from the drug therapy, and the newborn infants demonstrated no adverse effects attributable to the phenobarbital. Mothers who were given prophylactic phenobarbital took their infants home earlier, less often brought infants back to the hospital for photo-therapy, and spent fewer dollars for their total medical care than their control conterparts. Routine phenobarbital prophylaxis was found to be a safe, effective, and economic method of preventing hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. PMID- 1250561 TI - Thrombin clottable determination of plasma fibrinogen in pregnancy. AB - Plasma fibrinogen is known to be elevated in pregnancy and with certain disease processes. This report establishes norms at 2-week intervals throughout pregnancy. A calculated slope by trimester reveals a more rapid elevation during the first trimester. A thrombin clottable method that is rapid and accurate is evaluated. PMID- 1250563 TI - Sarcomas of the vagina. AB - The clinical and patholgic features of 16 cases of vaginal sarcoma are assessed. There were 5 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, 5 leiomyosarcomas, 2 reticulum cell sarcomas, 1 malignant schwannoma, 1 mullerian stromal sarcoma, and 2 pleomorphic sarcomas that could not be classified as to cell type. The rhabdomyosarcoma occurred exclusively in infants and children, and all 5 patients died of their disease with locally infiltrative recurrences and/or disseminated metastases. The commonest sarcoma in adults was leiomyosarcoma, there being 5 examples in the series. Three of the 4 patients with survival information were clinically free of disease 2 years, 4 years, and 8 years after diagnosis and treatment. Two patients with reticulum cell sarcoma succumbed to their disease within a few months. Local recurrences were common for all types of sarcoma in this series, suggesting that more aggressive initial treatment is mandatory if recurrences are to be prevented and the survival rates improved. In general, the vaginal sarcomas in adults pursued a less aggressive course than the rhabdomyosarcomas of infancy and childhood. PMID- 1250564 TI - Gonadoblastoma in a true hermaphrodite with a 46,XX karyotype. AB - Gonadoblastomas arise in dysgenetic gonads of individual possessing a Y chromosome in their karyotype. This is the first report of a gonadoblastoma in a 46,XX true hermaphrodite. PMID- 1250565 TI - The Marfan syndrome and pregnancy. AB - The patient described had the Marfan syndrome complicated by a 22-week pregnancy. Because pregnancy potentiates the cardiovascular complications of aortic aneurysm or dissection and there is a 50% risk of having a child afflicted with the disorder, this pregnancy was electively terminated by hysterotomy along with a bilateral tubal ligation. The risks of pregnancy to a woman with the Marfan syndrome are reviewed. The rationale for the method of pregnancy termination chosen is discussed. PMID- 1250566 TI - Dislocated IUD and intrauterine ectopic pregnancy with uterine rupture. AB - A case of uterine rupture due to an ectopic pregnancy in the uterine fundus is presented. A Lippes Loop was found rotated in the uterine cavity. A possible relation between implantation and the dislocated intrauterine device is proposed. PMID- 1250567 TI - Accidental insertion of multiple IUDs. AB - Data are presented for 7 women, each having two IUDs in utero. Five of these patients developed symptoms of abnormal bleeding and/or pelvic pain and 2 were asymptomatic. Three women had received the second IUD because it was assumed the first one had been expelled when the filaments were no longer palpable or visible. Other causes, as well as the prevention, diagnosis, and potential danger of this complication, are discussed. PMID- 1250569 TI - Letter: Tubal pregnancy. PMID- 1250568 TI - A reevaluation of amniography. AB - The indications for and the results of 446 anmiographies have been reviewed. The procedure was found to be simple, safe, and highly accurate in the diagnosis of certain types of pregnancy abnormalities. While in some diagnostic problems, such as intrauterine fetal death, fetal malformations, and hydatidiform mole, the method appeared superior to its alternatives; in others, including placenta previa and evaluation of uterine scars after previous cesarean section, its usefulness appears to depend on careful assessment of the clinical situation and the availability of possible alternative technics. PMID- 1250570 TI - Letter: Ultrasonic cephalometry. PMID- 1250571 TI - So-called "central retinal vein occlusion". I. Pathogenesis, terminology, clinical features. AB - Pathogenesis of occlusion of the central retinal vessels, based on experimental and clinical findings, is discussed. It suggests that the so-called "central retinal vein occlusion" represents not only occlusion of the central retinal vein but also retinal arterial ischemia. Based on this pathogenesis the following terminology is recommended for central retinal vascular occlusion: (a) Ischemic retinopathy is due to occlusion of the central retinal artery. (b) Venous stasis retinopathy is due to occlusion of the central retinal vein alone. (c) Hemorrhagic retinopathy is due to occlusion of the central retinal vein associated with retinal ischemia. Clinical findings of (b) and (c) are compared which indicate that the two conditions are distinct entities and unfortunately so far have been dumped under a common heading of so-called "central retinal vein occlusions". Such a distinction is extremely important before any attempts are made to evaluate their natural history or effects of any therapy on them. PMID- 1250572 TI - So-called "central retinal vein occlusion". II. Venous stasis retinopathy. AB - 28 patients (29 eyes) with venous stasis retinopathy (VSR) were studied. This study indicates that VSR is a self-limited, chronic and comparatively benign condition as compared to hemorrhagic retinopathy. No patient with VSR progressed to hemorrhagic retinopathy. The main complication which required management in VSR was the deterioration of central visual acuity (VA) due to development of macular edema which, if untreated, ended in cystoid macular degeneration and permanent central scotoma. Thus the indication for treatment in these cases was the fall of central VA. Ten eyes showed no deterioration of vision throughout follow-up (group I) and hence required no treatment. The remaining 19 eyes developed deterioration of vision: 5 eyes (4 patients) amongst these were not treated (group II) while the other 14 eyes (group III) were treated by systemic corticosteroids, to control the macula edema starting with a dose of 40-60 mg of oral prednisolone daily and gradually tapering to a maintenance dose. The results of group III cases strongly suggested that adequate doses of systemic steroids have a distinct beneficial effect on the VA -they help to prevent deterioration of vision and in the recovery of deteriorated vision. However, these patients require therapy for months or even longer during the course of VSR; on stopping the therapy, poor VA recurred in ten of these eyes. This factor may limit the usefulness of this therapy, if contraindications to such prolonged steriod therapy or serious side-effects of steroid therapy exist in a patient. In such cases one may be confronted with the dilemma of either not treating them and running a fairly high risk of permanent loss of central vision, or treating them with adequate doses of systemic steriods, retaining good VA but running the risk of side effects. While evaluating the effectiveness of steroid therapy, the improvement in VA should be the primary criterion because the fundus appearances almost always show no significant improvement for weeks although the VA rapidly returns to a normal level. PMID- 1250573 TI - Acute rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. AB - Report of the typical clinical course and pathological findings in acute rhino orbito-cerebral mucormycosis following diabetic coma. Invasion of orbital nerves by the fungus with neural and perineural changes may contribute to the neuroophthalmological symptoms in this disease besides the predilection for blood vessels with consequent thrombosis. PMID- 1250574 TI - I[In vivo measurements of the lumen of Schlemm's canal in chronic simple glaucoma]. AB - "In vivo" measurements of lumen of Schlemm's canal were performed on 38 eyes with trabeculotomy made for chronic simple glaucoma. The mean value of lumen was 542 mum, much higher than the mean values measured on cadavers and quoted in literature. Contraction due to fixation and dehydration may be the main cause of those differences. PMID- 1250575 TI - [Increase in the lumen of Schlemm's canals with increase in ultraocular pressure]. AB - The lumen of Schlemm's canal increases "in vivo" and in experiments on cadaver eyes, with the increase of intra-ocular pressure. It is accepted that the trabecular structures are extended with the raise of inra-ocular pressure. The relation of "in vivo" measurements of the canal with the intra-ocular pressure does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about localisation of outflow obstructions. The viriations of the obtained values is an expression of structural differences in the canal lumen. PMID- 1250576 TI - A new photostimulator and videopupillograph for quantitative neuroophthalmological studies. AB - A new photostimulator and an infrared videopupillograph are described. The light output from the photostimulator is quantitatively variable, and the beam of light is focused in the plane of the pupil to a spot smaller than the narrowest pupil, thus affording open loop conditions. The videopupillograph gives a direct and continuous measure of the area of the pupil. The importance of these features in quantitative neurophysiological studies is discussed. PMID- 1250577 TI - An unusual case of metastatic malignant melanoma in the orbit. PMID- 1250578 TI - Sector retinitis pigmentosa: a fluorescein angiographic study. AB - Flourescein angiography has been proved to be of value in the study of the chorioretinal abnormaliteis in sector retinitis pigmentosa. The findings from two patients, one being in an early and the other in a more advanced stage were analyzed. The pigment epithelium was found to be disturbed in a larger area than visible by ophthalmoscopy. In the impaired quadrant the retinal vessels were narrowed showing delayed and slow dye transit. Through the discolorated pigment epithelium leaky choriocapillaries were disclosed. Moreover, in the severly affected patient, areas missing choriocapillar perfusion and retinal circulation were also detected. PMID- 1250579 TI - Electroretinographical study of the hypoplasia of the optic nerve. AB - Out of 22 sporadic cases of hypoplasia of the optic nerve, 16 were bilateral and 6 unilateral. The sex distribution was equal in the bilateral cases, while all our unilateral cases were females. Visual impariment was severe in all our cases. There was total blindness or only light perception. The pupillary reflexes were absent or very slow. Only one case had a rather good visual acuity (1/10) with a constricted visual field. In addition to the typical aspect of hypoplasia of the optic disc, some cases showed an obvious or suspected retinal degereration, such as a marked choroidal pattern with pigmentary dystrophy of the posterior pole. The ERG was normal in most cases, and showed no modification with increasing age. No supranormal recordings were obtained. Out of 36 eyes, 12 had a subnormal response. Seven showed an involvement only of the scotopic response, one only of the photopic response and four of both responses. The reduction of the ERG amplitude was rather mild in most cases. The ERG was never extinguished. The temporal characteristics were normal in all our cases with two exceptions. PMID- 1250580 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the limbus with intraocular invasion. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the limbus with intraocular invasion is described. The tumour penetrated the eye at the limbal region, involved the anterior chamber angle, iris and ciliary body and extended as far as the choroid. PMID- 1250581 TI - [Primary myxoid orbital liposarcoma. Clinical and histopathologic case report]. PMID- 1250582 TI - Destructive and conservative treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and retinal dysplasia. PMID- 1250583 TI - [Contraceptive tablets and cancer]. PMID- 1250584 TI - [Femoro-popliteal and femoro-crural venous bypass]. PMID- 1250585 TI - [Effective thyroxine rate (ETR) in newborn infants during exchange transfusion]. PMID- 1250586 TI - [The antihypertensive action of the beta adrenergic blocking agent Visken (pindolol, LB 46) in mild and moderate hypertension]. PMID- 1250587 TI - [Meconium screening for the detection of mucoviscidosis in newborn infants]. PMID- 1250588 TI - [Mechanical damage to the Cross-Jones type mitral valve 8 years after implantation. Surgical management]. PMID- 1250589 TI - [Letter: Surgical management of childhood ileus caused by Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1250590 TI - [Prognostic value of fundus angiography in diabetic children]. PMID- 1250591 TI - [Acute arterial occlusion in the lower limb]. PMID- 1250592 TI - [Intermittent trifascicular conduction disorders]. PMID- 1250593 TI - [The role of gastrocamera examination in the endoscopic study of the stomach]. PMID- 1250594 TI - [An unusual case of cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 1250595 TI - [Letter: Ethical problems of interprofessional relations]. PMID- 1250596 TI - [Immunologic studies in early syphilitic liver damage]. PMID- 1250597 TI - [The role of phychotonic drugs in neuropsychiatry]. PMID- 1250598 TI - [Observations in Glanzmann-Riniker essential lymphocytophthisis]. PMID- 1250599 TI - [Thoughts on the teaching of surgery and general medical training]. PMID- 1250600 TI - [Clinical experiences with mass immunization against measles during 1969-74]. PMID- 1250601 TI - [Are cases of perforated appendicitis diminishing?]. PMID- 1250602 TI - [Oral contraceptives and absorption of vitamin b 12]. PMID- 1250603 TI - [Vitamin D deficiency: cause of generalized hyperaminoaciduria in the severely mentally retarded]. PMID- 1250604 TI - [Attempt at the introduction of complex care during hospitalization (preliminary record)]. PMID- 1250605 TI - [The use of intrauterine contraceptive devices in the treatment and prevention of Asherman's syndrome]. PMID- 1250606 TI - [Salmonella cholerae suis var. Kunzendorf infection and splenic abscess]. PMID- 1250607 TI - [Unusual injury of the axillary artery]. PMID- 1250608 TI - [Birth of an anencephalic fetus following ovulation induction]. PMID- 1250609 TI - [Letter: Correct evaluation of so-called liver function tests]. PMID- 1250610 TI - [Letter: Learning of foreign languages for physician]. PMID- 1250611 TI - [Does a legasthenia-syndrom exist? (author's transl)]. AB - Legasthenia means today mainly the pedagogic definition of different forms of reading and writing deficiencies. Closer investigations on children with these symptoms prove however, that beside reading and writing impediments some physical and psychological symptoms can be found. This cluster of symptoms corresponds in some aspects with the so-called Minimal Brain Dysfunction and the Hyperkinesia Syndrom. In the clinical and psychological investigations of this syndrom we found a high rate of left-handed patients. We suppose, that the pressure to write with the right hand and to read from the left to the right might be one of the reasons of Legasthenia. PMID- 1250612 TI - [Renal vein thrombosis in childhood (author's transl]. AB - The disease of renal vein thrombosis in children is presented on the basis of own observations and literature, whereby frequency, etiologic factors, and the age of manifestation are mentioned. The clinical symptoms are dependent on the localisation and the intensity of the thrombotic changes in the renal vein system which can be proven by the histological findings. The main symptoms of a renal vein thrombosis are hematuria, palpable enlargement of the kidney and pathological findings in the intravenous urography. Occasionally symptoms of an obliteration of the vena cava can appear, and in the complex disease picture a consumption coagulopathy can occur. The possibilities in therapy are pointed out, and above all, the question of the optimal time for a nephrectomy the most important point is discussed. In a self-observed newborn baby with unilateral renal vein thrombosis a relatively early nephrectomy-on the fifth day of life-a complete recovery could be achieved. The different opinions of thrombectomy are presented. PMID- 1250613 TI - [Value of serum iron in anemia of childhood (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison of the serum iron of 3814 children with anemia is made, in order to show the value of this parameter. 2908 children proved to have a serum iron factor below standard. 2376 of them suffered from anemia caused by lack of iron while 332 others got their anemia caused by infection. For 489 children the anemia resulted in a serum iron above its normal value. Those children suffered from hypoplastic and hemolytic anemias or were children (27) with an iron deficiency which had been treated unknown to the hospital primary to their admission there. 417 children with anemia showed a normal serum iron. By this allocation we succeeded to prove the high diagnostic value of serum iron tests, which nevertheless demand the additional analysis of transferrin and transferrinsaturation together with other specific tests. PMID- 1250614 TI - [Serum levels of LH and FSH in patients with adreno-genital syndrome (AGS) (author's transl)]. AB - Serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and 17beta-estradiol were estimated by radioimmunoassay in 13 children suffering from AGS. Hormone levels were determined during and after substitution therapy and were compared with values registered in normal subjects. After therapy was stopped a statistically significant rise of testosterone and 17beta-estradiol was observed, but no changes in the serum levels of LH and FSH was noted. The discrepancies between the two observations are discussed. PMID- 1250615 TI - [Psychological and social aspects of overweight children (author's transl)]. AB - If children who were originally fully capable and active according to their respective age groups, remain more than 50% overweight for a period of more than 3 years, develop a significantly lower motor, intellectual and social activity. They tend to develop an anxious auto-aggressive behavior, because it is difficult for them to transmit to others the social pressures to which they are subject. The probability of a permanent therapeutic success diminishes as the duration of the period of overweight increases. Only physically and emotionally orientated therapy is rational as 78% of our overweight children come from neurotically disturbed families. Overweight can often be due to lack of love where intensity of affection is wrongly applied. PMID- 1250616 TI - [Anxiety of hysterical exaction (author's transl)]. AB - Fear in childhood is a quite common symptom and varies in importance according to age and stage of development. Intelligence, psychic constitution and special sensibility influence and coin the readiness and reasons for fear. Fear, however, can also be learned by reinforcement, imitation and identification. The reaction of the environment, in particular that of the parents, may fix physiological fear reactions of the child and these may be used in order to derive advantage. By means of several cases the reader is shown that fear in childhood is not rarely the expression of hysterical exaction. This publication wants especially to point to this kind of child neurosis because of the fact that even physicians and pedagogues submit to this exaction of pity and instead of demanding adequate work treat the child with indulgence or advise to do so. In this way the wrong attitude of the child becomes even more fixed. By his reception at a psychiatric ward for children this circulus vitiosus is usally soon interrupted. If the success of this therapy is to last, the treatment and advise of the whole family must begin synchronously and must often be continued for a long time. PMID- 1250617 TI - [Interview - technique of art (author's transl)]. AB - Interview is defined as "action-like discussion by medium of dialogue with a diagnostic object in view" (SCHRAML), at the same time the importance of the dialogue-purpose and of the motivation of the subject is pointed out. Several methods may be used for conducting the dialogue, their selection being mainly dependent on the vocational training of the investigator. The personality of the investigator plays an important role when interviewing. The interviewer has to take into account the ever present subjectivity to prevent diagnostic mistakes. On the other hand this subjectivity enables the interviewer to get a special diagnostic access when his own ability of empathy and intuition is consciously used. The knowledge of difficult interviewing-techniques is not sufficient, only an integrative coherence awards the single results from the dialogue and simultaneously observation of the subject the adequate position, this makes an interview to an art, whose command is only given to a few. PMID- 1250619 TI - [Heilpdagogische station der Universitats-Kinderklinik-special position and integration (author's transl)]. AB - Constructional, organizational and personal matters but also the mutual diagnostic and therapeutic supplementary position of the Heilpadagogische Station is demonstrated in the frame of the University-children-clinic. The problematic nature of psychiatric diagnostic is shown through a single case history. Prof. ASPERGER must be given full credit for the fact that, while being a special area within paediatrics this work done on the Heilpadagogische Station also gains general paediatric significance. PMID- 1250618 TI - [Longterm observation of latent diabetes mellitus in a prepubertal girl (author's transl)]. AB - In a girl with latent diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance and insulin release were regularly examined from 6 to 12 years of age. Under diet height and weight increased normally, the glucose intolerance disappeared, and the hypoinsulinism turned into hyperinsulinism with reactive hypoglycemia. This observation demonstrates that in a longitudinal study, the same patient may present in one period with glucose intolerance (latent diabetes) and insulin deficiency and in another period with normal glucose tolerance (prediabetes) and insulin excess. PMID- 1250620 TI - [Consultation, pedagogy and therapy]. AB - In child psychiatry the discrepancey between the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities can often be disappointing, and thus, especially the young people involved demand education in approved psychotherapeutic techniques. This seems to be more important than education in common diagnosis and consultation, but the term psychotherapy is much too restricted and its possibilities not as practical as assumed. On the other hand the importance and possibilities of parental consultation and of orthoeducation is underestimated as an aid in decisions envolving changing the environment. Classical psychotherapy and family therapy have to be restricted to severe child neuroses - mostly for financial reasons - although the knowledge thereof in addition to clinical experience and routine is important. Training in these therapeutic techniques thus can not be the main goal in education in child psychiatry. Experience in diagnosing, consulting and pedagogy make effective aid possible and are available to more children and families. PMID- 1250621 TI - [Minimal cerebral palsy neuropaediatric analysis of 81 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The term "minimal cerebral palsy (MCP)" is discussed, and the importance of its recognition according to a neuropediatric approach is stressed. The spectrum of causes, symptoms and signs of MCP in 81 cases is presented. MCP was diagnosed mainly in boys between their seventh and eleventh year of life. The history indicates a high frequency of pathological conditions of the newborn, especially prematurity (symptoms of risk). A tendency to a late onset of walking unaided, speaking and successful toilet training is noted. Characteristic signs of MCP are as follows: Asymmetries of skull and face, left handedness caused by neurological dysfunction of the right hand, disorders of vision and speech. It is important to search for MCP among children with learning disabilities and behavioural disturbances. PMID- 1250622 TI - [Respiratory therapy in childhood asthma. Part 1 (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic approach in childhood asthma can be substantially supported by various forms of respiratory therapy. Objective improvements and increased well being have been demonstrated by different authors. The physiology of correct and defective breathing are outlined briefly. The major aim of respiratory therapy is the return to normal breathing patterns including normalized clearing functions of the lung. If successful even moderately severe attacks of bronchial asthma may be averted. Personality changes in the form of increased self-confidence and loss of fear of dyspnoea are important. Part 1 outlines physicial treatment forms such as postural drainage and percussions of the chest. PMID- 1250623 TI - [Overflow incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - The encopresis of faecal impaction is a paradoxical incontinence found with constipation or faecal retention due to somatic or psychic causes. Normal continence comprises the possibility to delay passages of stools and the avoidance of leakage of stool in the meantime. Continued delay of defaecations causes faecal impaction and paradoxical leakage of stool. It is necessary to break the vicious circle by emptying the rectal ampulla and to avoid further constipation by means of laxatives and diet. Uderlying psychological disturbances must be recognized and treated. Two individual cases among our patients illustrate various aspects of the problem. PMID- 1250624 TI - [Reduction of expected height in excessively tall boys (author's transl)]. AB - 4 boys with familial tall stature aged 119/12-153/12 years were treated with Testosterone for reduction of definitive height by accelerating epiphyseal fusion. Body height at the beginning of therapy was 3,2-5,4 standard deviations over the mean, the height prediction was 199-205 cm. In therapy oral Methyltestosterone was used in the beginning and therapy was later continued with Testosterone oenanthate i.m. as depot preparation. The average duration of treatment was 14 months; in this time bone age was accelerated 2,3 times: a mean reduction of 8,9 cm from the predicted height was the result. No severe side effects could be observed. PMID- 1250625 TI - [Metabolic alkalosis and secondary hyperaldosteronism in cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - The prolonged use of a salt restricted infant formula (1.9 mEq Na/kg/day and 1,4 mEq C1/kg/day) in a child with undiagnosed cystic fibrosis led to a life threatening metabolic disturbance. The main features were hypochloraemic alkalosis due to massive loss of electrolytes in the sweat. Urinary electrolyte excretion, however, had been lowered to a minimum due to aldosteron induced reabsorption. Plasma aldosterone levels were initially high, but returned to normal after addition of salt to the feeds. Prior to admission a sweat test had been negative. The patient clearly demonstrates the unique metabolic feature of cystic fibrosis of the ability to retain electrolytes in the tubulus and at the same time the inability of the sweat glands to reabsorb sodium and chloride. Contrary to present experience severe prolonged salt restriction is believed to be able to diminish sweat electrolytes to subpathological values. PMID- 1250626 TI - [Clinical aspect and therapy of BCG-lymphadenitis (author's transl)]. AB - BCG-Lymphadenitis is a local complication of BCG-vaccination. The rate of complication depends on the kind of vaccine used, the dose and the used technique. In the last 9,5 years 32 infants with BCG-Lymphadenitis complicated with suppuration or perforation have been treated surgically. For 6 patients the treatment included a pre- and postoperative tuberculostatic therapy, for 11 patients included antibiotics. In 15 cases only surgical treatment was performed. In all 3 groups satisfactory results have been achieved, therefore tuberculostatic therapy seems not to be necessary and an antibiotic therapy ought to be reserved for cases with secondary miscellaneous infection. There is no doubt that it is possible to shorten the duration of this disease through early extirpation and to achieve a favourable cosmetic result too. PMID- 1250627 TI - [Aerophagia - case history and differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Meteorism is a nonspecific symptom and it is difficult to exclude organic causes. In one of our patients, a 6 years old girl, the accumulation of gas had caused changes of the normal abdominal situs. Finally psychogenic aerophagia could be detected by exact analysis of the case history and the daily rhythm of meteorism. The situation within the family could be revealed as trigger mechanism and there an successful therapy was started. PMID- 1250628 TI - [Treatment of extreme obesity in a case of Prader-Willi-Labhart-syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A boy 14 years of age, weighing 93,45 kg and 143 cm in height was refered to our clinic with hyperphagia and pain in the joints. The patient showed the Prader Labhart-Willi-syndrome. Through maximal diet therapy, 2 admittances in our ward and through intensive psychological outpatient care, we have seen a weight loss of 26 kg in 18 months and clear improvement in the patient's health. We would like to draw attention to the fact that a weight reduction diet is a cooperative family effort. To satiate uncontrollable hunger an intermittent dose of Fenfluramine (0,5 mg/kg) is recommended. PMID- 1250629 TI - [Investigation of the frequency of heterozygotes for galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase-deficiency(galactosemia) in the Vienna area. Comparison with the frequency of homozygotes found by newborn screening (author's transl)]. AB - By routine newborn screening for galactose blood level elevations a great difference in the frequency of Galactosemia by transferase deficiency was observed between Eastern- and Western-Austria. This made enzymatic heterozygousity determinations desirable. At the same time it should be examined whether the frequency of homozygotes found by screening correlates with the frequency derived from the heterozygousity frequency. In a first step the region of Vienna was studied. 377 unselected blood samples were examined following BEUTLER-BALUDA's method. As technical control samples of 9 homozygotes and 12 heterozygotes as found by screening were examined but not included in the frequency study. Arranged following age groups a slight but significant decrease of enzym activity with increasing age could be confirmed (23,89 versus 21,99 U/g Hb). This, increasing the overlapping between normals and heterozygotes of different ages possibly should be kept in mind in individual heterzygousity determinations. The enzymatically determined frequency of heterozygotes was found to be twice as high as the frequency calculated from the frequency of biochemically detected but enzymatically proven homozygotes (1:53 versus 1:99). A comparison of the heterozygousity frequencies found in literature with the results of the most efficient (technically most reliable) screening programs shows that this discrepancy is great and general. Bases on heterozygousity frequencies the frequency of homozygotes found by screening programs seems to be at least 50% too low. Analysis of theoretical possibilities for loss of homozygotes by screening programs makes this explanation highly improbable. It seems more probable that the enzymatically determined heterozygotes frequency is too high by including still undefined allels or allel combinations which result in about half normal activity but not in disturbances resembling classical Galactosemia. PMID- 1250630 TI - [A simple thin-layer chromatographic assay of urocanic acid in the stratum corneum for evaluation of skin histidase activity (author's transl)]. AB - A simple and rapid urocanic acid estimation by mean of TLC as an indirect assay for skin histidase activity is described. Very small amounts of stratum corneum (about 1 mg) are eluated in concentrated NH3, 5 mul of the eluate were chromatographied and stained with Pauly's reagent. Investigations were done in 76 healthy persons, 17 heterocygotes and 24 children with histidinemia. In 18 histidinemic children urocanic acid was found not at all, in 5 as a trace and in 1 - at the age of 24-28 months. - as a nearly normal concentration. In 11 children with histidinemia and 3 controls the results of our method are compared with these of direct enzyme activity essay and a good correlation could be shown. Identification of heterocygous is not possible. PMID- 1250631 TI - [Routine screening for inborn errors using urine filterpaper specimens at age 4-5 weeks (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1972 we have been using a urine screening for the detection of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, which cannot be revealed in newborn-blood screening with Guthrie's bacterial inhibition assay. It is performed at an age of 4-6 weeks by means of thin layer chromatography of urine specimens collected on filter paper using a method adapted by us for mass-screening. We tested 70,400 newborns and found 59 cases of incomplete Cystinuria, 9 of Prolinuria, 3 of Histidinaemia and one each of Hartnup disease, Alkaptonuria, Glycinuria and Hydroxyprolinuria. The problems of the disorders found are discussed. Comparison with newborn-blood-screening that 3 cases of Histidinaemia, proven by enzyme assay were missed by newborn-blood-screening because of their (still low) low blood levels. On the other hand we did not find additional cases of phenylalanine metabolic disorders. These cases were probably all already detected by newborn blood-screening. Homocystinuria, Maple syrup urine disease and Arginino succinicaciduria which are rare diseases were neither found in the urine or blood tests. As disorders, detectable by means of urine screening exclusively and curable, are rare urine screening has to be reevaluated for its usefulness. PMID- 1250632 TI - [Wilson-Mikity-syndrome in twins (author's transl)]. AB - The course of a Wilson-Mikity-syndrome in biovular twins born 19 weeks prematurely is reported. The disease started in the second week of life, reached its peak in the ninth week and it was complicated by a bronchopneumonia as well as a spastic bronchitis resulting in cardiac failure in both infants. On infant suffered spontaneous fracture of the ribs. Both patients were stationary for 26 weeks and 31 weeks respectively. A routine-examination at the age of 1 year revealed still distinct lung abnormalities, but nevertheless showing a tendency of improvement. Signs of right ventricular hypertrophy were found in the ECG of both children but more distinctly in the girl. The neurological development of the infants were found to be normal. PMID- 1250633 TI - [New aspects of the feeding of the newborn and young infant (author's transl)]. AB - A classification of formulas with defined compositions of their nutritive substances into 3 groups has been made in the Federal Republic of Germany with the objective to achieve a standardization. It is differentiated between adapted, partially adapted, and non-adapted formulas. As defined, the composition of adapted formulas is closest to human milk. Since adapted formulas are thought to be of physiological value, one is surprised by the fact, that shortly after discharge from the maternity hospital partially adapted or nonadapted formulas are favoured by a high percentage (of mothers). The reasons for this are analyzed. By the end of the third month of life the premature infant is depending on the administration of iron. At this time signs of a more or less latent iron deficiency are developing. In the full term infant this condition will be reached approximately by the age of six months. Since iron-salts may interfere with the vitamin E supply in the premature infant, one should either administer a water soluble vitamin E preparation or the necessary iron prophylaxis should be started in these children only in the third month of life. PMID- 1250634 TI - [On "gespur" (author's transl)]. AB - The term "Gespur" frequently used by H. ASPERGER is analyzed by the author. Predispositions for perceptual abilities and formal interpretation of expression and behavior, their ontogenetic and phylogenetic background are examined as well as defects (lack of sensitivity for expression), and their consequences for subjects involved. The questions of trainability and differentiation to parapsychological phenomena are also discussed. PMID- 1250635 TI - [Training and further education in pediatrics: experience and models in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - A new legal standard was destined for the postgraduate medical training in Austria in 1973. Details and the practical application of this regulation concerning the pediatric specialty are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the need for better integration of the didactic technics in the teaching methods of university hospitals. A special board examination is still point at issue, but should be established in the near future. PMID- 1250636 TI - [The mother and her sick newborn (author's transl)]. AB - The care of the mother during the pre- and postnatal period is of great importance not only for the act of birth but also for the establishment of the mother child relationship. There are indications that the quality of mothering during later childhood is determined by the way the mother child relations are established during the first days of life. It is important to realise the needs of the mother to see and to touch her child and to enable her to do so as often as possible even if this child is under special care. In cases of neonatal illness the mother especially needs the psychological help of her doctor and the nurses. The professional persons can provide this help better if they are aware of the normal reactions of the mother to neonatal illness or even death of her child. PMID- 1250637 TI - [Long-term-follow-up-study after measles-vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - Following a first field trial in the year 1966 a second field trial was carried out in the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Vienna in the years 1967 und 1968, in which 420 children were vaccinated against measles by various methods. Apart from the observations of the clinical reactions the chief purpose of the examination was to establish the height of the antibodies achieved, how long they persisted and whether the primary vaccination with split-vaccine had any influence on the level and persistance of antibodies. The results following the combined vaccination were compared with those following with Schwarz-strain alone, whereby no significant differences appeared. The serological follow-up examinations were made after a month, a year, after 3 and finally after 7 years. Whilst in the first year the combined vaccinated children showed an average higher titre, the average antibody titre following single live vaccination were somewhat higher after 7 years and showed a lesser degree of scatter. The values of antibody titres are impart so high that one has to assume a silent booster effect since none of the examined children were taken ill with measles. The single live vaccination by means of Schwarz-vaccine has thus been proved outstanding, is to be regarded as the general method of choice and should be applied as widely as possible since the morbidity risk of measles is considerably high and vaccination is not dangereous. The use of split-vaccine is indicated only with chronically ill children for instance with leukaemia, mucoviscidosis etc. and in infants in the first year of life, if one wants to protect them against measles. If we reach our aim of through-vaccination of the population against measles, infants will no longer be in danger and a prevaccination in the first year of life will not be indicated. PMID- 1250638 TI - [The disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) from a pediatric point of view (author's transl]. AB - A review of our knowledge of causes and consequences of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on hemostatic functions and clinical manifestations is given, based on experiences in a children's hospital in collaboration with a central laboratory for blood coagulation. The problems of early diagnosis, starting and guidance of therapy are especially stressed. PMID- 1250639 TI - [Smallpox vaccination in a country district (author's transl]. AB - This survey deals with the matter of smallpox vaccination (serum, complications, age, degree of immunity, compulsory vaccination) also with the percentage of first vaccinations, booster vaccinations of children with birth years from 1962 to 1974, as well as the vaccination coverage of 2000 adults within a district. The survey showed a high degree of first vaccination coverage and a satisfactory percentage of booster vaccinations. Of the 2000 adults interviewed 19% had never been vaccinated, 54% ten or more years ago, 17% between the last 3 to 10 years, and only 10% had been vaccinated within the past three years. As a minimum safety measure it is requested that persons who could be exposed to smallpox (public servants, medical officers, flight personnel) be satisfactorily immunized against the disease. PMID- 1250640 TI - Conditioning as sensitization. AB - The concept of sensitization has a long history in psychology, and on both empirical and logical grounds it has been argued that sensitization and conditioning denote different neurophysiological processes. Investigators have devised elaborate control procedures that purport to differentiate sensitized and conditioned responses. But, mainly on logical grounds, it is argued that there is no valid basis for considering sensitization and conditioning as separate processes. A theory of learning is proposed in which sensitization is the basic construct. PMID- 1250641 TI - The behavioral specificity of stimulation: a systems approach to procedural distinctions of classical and instrumental conditioning. AB - This paper presents a new methodological approach to classical Pavlovian investigations. Using a yoked group for stimulus pairing trial pacing, behavioral occurrence frequencies, sequential behavior patterns, and behavioral change dynamics are analyzed for rats in both a non-discriminative and a general setting discrimination paradigm. Theoretical issues addressed by a variety of new dependent measures are discussed, and a special emphasis is placed on comparing instrumental and classical procedures as viewed from the behavioral perspective of the subject. PMID- 1250642 TI - The Pavlovian analysis of instrumental conditioning. AB - An account was given of the development within the Russian literature of a uniprocess formulation of classical and instrumental conditioning, known as the bidirectional conditioning hypothesis. The hypothesis purports to offer a single set of Pavlovian principles to account for both paradigms, based upon a neural model which assumes that bidirectional (forward and backward) connections are formed in both calssical and instrumental conditioning situations. In instrumental conditioning, the bidirectional connections are hypothesized to be simply more complex than those in classical conditioning, and any differences in empirical functions are presumed to lie not in difference in mechanism, but in the strength of the forward and backward connections. Although bidirectional connections are assumed to develop in instrumental conditioning, the experimental investigation of the bidirectional conditioning hypothesis has been essentially restricted to the classical conditioning operations of pairing two CSs (sensory preconditioning training), a US followed by a CS (backward conditioning training) and two USs. However, the paradigm involving the pairing of two USs, because of theoretical and analytical considerations, is the one most commonly employed by Russian investigators. The results of an initial experiment involving the pairing of two USs, and reference to the results of a more extensive investigation, leads us to tentatively question the validity of the bidirectional conditioning account of instrumental conditioning. PMID- 1250643 TI - Cherchez la Difference! PMID- 1250644 TI - Developmental characteristics of pulmonary superoxide dismutase: relationship to idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Pulmonary superoxide dismutase (SOD) acitivity was determined for various groups of human fetuses, infants, and adults. Enzyme activity was found to increase with age from a low of 17 +/- 1 units/mg DNA in fetal lung to 49 +/- 6 units/mg DNA in infant lung and finally to 110.2 +/- 14.8 units/mg DNA in adult lung (P less than 0.05). No difference in lung SOD activity was demonstrated between normal infants and those with idiopathic respiratory distress/hyaline membrane disease (IRDS/HMD). No significant differences in SOD activity were found among all the samples of infant blood. Adult blood samples, however, contained significantly greater SOD activity both in terms of heme concentration and volume of whole blood (P less than 0.05). SOD activity in lung tissue from both rats and rabbits were also found to increase with age from a low value in fetal animals to a maximum activity in adults (P less than 0.05). Exposure of New Zealand White rabbits, prematurely delivered by caesarian section, to 80% oxygen for 24 hr resulted in a 42% increase in lung SOD activity. Similarly, 7-day-old Sprague Dawley rats exposed to 85% oxygen for 24 hr showed a 43% increase in pulmonary SOD activity. No increase in pulmonary SOD was observed when adult rats were exposed to 85% oxygen for 24 hr. The effect of hyperoxia on SOD activity in excised lung was investigated. Rat lung, incubated in either heparinized whole blood or in plasma and exposed to 100% oxygen, showed a 30% increase in SOD activity after 2 hr. This capacity of lung tissue to respond to hyperoxia in vitro with increased SOD activity was age dependent. The maximum increase in SOD activity was seen with lungs from 10-12-day-old rats. The oxygen-stimulated increase in lung SOD activity disappeared at about 19-20 days of age. PMID- 1250645 TI - Utilization of dietary amino acids for energy production in neonatal rat liver. AB - The 3-day-old rat has a high basal level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the activity of which is not increased upon starvation. The lower basal activity of the enzyme in 19-day-old rat liver can, however, be stimulated by starvation. Serum glucose levels increased from 3 days to 19 days of age, with a decrease to adult levels. Liver glycogen concentration increased from 3 days to 19 days of age, with no additional increase observed at 3 months. There was a decrease with age in the specific activity of liver glycogen (from [14C]alanine and [14C]leucine). In fed rats given [14C]alanine, 14CO2 expiration tended to decrease with age. The 14CO2 production from [14C]leucine was less than that from alanine, and also decreased with age. Three-day-old rats showed no change in serum glucose when starved for 4 hr. On the other hand, 19-day-old rats responded with a decrease in serum glucose; although the adult animal's basal level of serum glucose was less than that of the 19-day-old rats, starvation for 15 hr also caused a significant decrease. There was no statistically significant difference in liver glycogen concentration between the fed and starved 3-day-old animals. Liver glycogen concentration in the 19-day-old adult rats was affected, however, by starvation. The 3-day-or glycogen during starvation. Starvation resulted in a tremendous increase in the specific activity of hepatic glycogen in the 19-day-old and adult rats. Starvation decreased the percentage of labeled amino acid expired as 14CO2. The proportion expired also decreased with age. Urinary nitrogen concentration increased significantly between 3 and 19 days of age. Starvation produced differential effects in the animals, with no change being observed in either the 3-day or adult rats; a decrease was observed in the 19-day-old animals. Urinary nitrogen concentration was measured in adult carbohydrate-deprived rats and was significantly higher than control values. These rats had a high gluconeogenic rate, reflected in the increased urinary nitrogen concentration. The young rat is at the mercy of a continuous supply of substrate in that it has a limited capacity for directing substrat PMID- 1250646 TI - Umbilical cord cutting triggers hypertriiodothyroninemia and nonshivering thermogenesis in the newborn lamb. AB - The present studies in the newborn sheep were undertaken to further clarify the mechanism or mechanisms for the early increases in serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the newborn as well as the significance of these changes to newborn nonshivering thermogenesis. Six groups of animals were studied to determine the influence of neonatal cooling, cord cutting, and the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and triiodothyronine (T3) injections. Group I newborns were delivered into room air with immediate cord cutting. Group II animals were delivered into room air and cord cutting was delayed 60 min. Group II animals were delivered into a 39 degrees water bath and maintained for 60 min with the umbilical cord intact; the cord was cut at the time of removal from the water bath... PMID- 1250647 TI - Absence of a serum factor in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - A serum factor was demonstrated in normal individuals which (1) enhances the incorporation of L-[3H]fucose into cultured human skin fibroblasts, (2) is nondialyzable, (3) is heat labile at 50 degrees, (4) is present in the noneuglobulin fraction, and (5) appears to be deficient in serum from patients with cystic fibrosis. The specific activity of L-[3H]fucose incorporated into skin fibroblasts from normal individuals in the presence of serum from 12 control subjects was 3,337 +/- 168 cpm/mg protein in contrast to 2,294 +/- 172, the activity obtained either in the presence of serum from 10 age-matched patients with cystic fibrosis or in the absence of serum. These differences were significant at P less than 0.001. In comparison, no significant difference was detected in the amount of L-[3H]fucose incorporated into skin fibroblasts derived from normal individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis. The plasma membrane of cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with cystic fibrosis appears to be grossly unaltered in its protein and L-fucose labeling pattern. PMID- 1250648 TI - Insulin, a possible regulator of ketosis in newborn and suckling rats. AB - A possible regulatory role of insulin in the development of ketosis in newborn and suckling rats was investigated. The average plasma concentration of total ketone bodies measured at birth was 0.414 +/- 0.037 mumol/ml. Within 24 hr after birth the level of ketones had increased to 4 times its initial value. The 3- to 4-fold increase in plasma ketones was maintained during the first 5 days of life but started to decline thereafter. Plasma insulin of newborn rats at birth (62 +/ 8 muU/ml) was comparable to that of fed adult rats (85 +/- 10 muU/ml). The levels decreased to 28 muU/ml on the first day of life and stayed low throughout the suckling period despite a tendency to increase at the time close to weaning. The capacities for ketone production in liver homogenates of suckling rats was inversely related to the levels of insulin. Administration of insulin (0.125 mU/g body weight, im) and glucose (1.75 mg/g body weight, ip) both suppressed plasma ketone bodies in suckling rats. Insulin administration increased plasma insulin but failed to decrease plasma glucose. Injection of glucose increased plasma insulin and glucose. Neither insulin nor glucose treatment changed the plasma levels of free fatty acids. These data suggest that a limited availability of insulin permits a high rate of ketogenesis and hence induced ketosis in newborn and suckling rats. PMID- 1250650 TI - Who will monitor access? PMID- 1250649 TI - A study of the renal handling of water in lipoid nephrosis. AB - Children with lipoid nephrosis were studies during clinical relapse and after complete remission. As expected, the calculated serum oncotic pressure was reduced severely from the remission value of 28.6 +/- 0.9 mm Hg to 15.4 +/- 1.1 (P less than 0.005) during relapse. Although no apparent change in plasma volume was noted using the volume of distribution of labeled human albumin, calculated plasma volume was reduced 13 +/- 8% during relapse when estimated from changes in hematocrit. After a water load, the ability to excrete water was markedly blunted during relapse. The clearance of solute-free water (CH2O) was 0.9 +/- 0.8 ml/min during relapse, compared with 3.6 +/- 0.6 ml/min during remission (P less than 0.005). In addition, there was a reduced maximal urinary concentrating ability during relapse in four of the six patients examined. Mean urine osmolality for the group during relapse was 778 +/- 82 mOsm/kgH2O and 991 +/- 71 during remission (P less than 0.05). The demonstrated alteration in nephron function during relapse of nephrotic syndrome could result from either (1) a decrease in the amount of sodium delivered to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle because of increased proximal reabsorption or (2) a change in the intrinsic characteristics for sodium reabsorption in that segment. Although this observation does not prove that proximal reabsorption is increased, it suggests a common underlying mechanism for altered nephron function in all of the major edema-forming conditions. PMID- 1250651 TI - Is confidentiality in health care records a pediatric concern? PMID- 1250652 TI - Osteomyelitis: early scintigraphic detection in children. AB - The value of scintigraphy in the early detection of osteomyelitis is demonstrated in children who had signs and symptoms suggestive of bone infection. Nine patients between 2 and 13 years of age were evaluated with technetium Tc 99m diphosphonate bone scintigrams and roentgenograms. Blood cultures were performed in all patients, and bone biopsy or drainage was obtained in six patients. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis was made in seven patients; one patient had a subperiosteal abscess surrounded by osteomyelitis, and one patient had cellulitis. The seven children with osteomyelitis had focal increase of radiopharmaceutical uptake in the bone. The child with the subperiosteal abscess had an area of decreased uptake in the center of the abscess surrounded by a zone of increased uptake of the radioactive bone-seeker. The patient with cellulitis had soft tissue changes by X-ray and a normal bone scintigram. In the seven patients with osteomyelitis, the bone scintigram was performed during the early phase of the disease and no bony changes were present on the roentgenogram. In one patient with subacute osteomyelitis, soft tissue changes were seen radiologically. Only three of the seven children with osteomyelitis developed radiological bony changes. Since bone scintigraphy can detect early local bone derangement, it is recommended in the initial evaluation of children in whom osteomyelitis is suspected. PMID- 1250653 TI - Effective pulmonary blood flow in preterm and light-for-date infants. AB - Using a method employing low concentrations (3%) of nitrous oxide, we measured effective pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qpc eff) in 23 preterm infants, 26 light-for-date infants, and 15 infants who were both preterm and light-for-date. All infants studied had no clinical or laboratory evidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and were studied before the age of 48 hours. The mean Qpc eff of 175 ml/kg/min in preterm infants (a group at high risk of developing IRDS), although significantly less than the mean of 214 ml/kg/min found in light-for-date infants (a group with a low risk of developing IRDS), was similar to that reported in normal term infants. The mean result for preterm, light-for-date infants was 189 ml/kg/min. No evidence was found that preterm infants were predisposed to IRDS as a consequence of preexisting pulmonary hypoperfusion. PMID- 1250654 TI - Respiratory illness in preschool children with different forms of day care. AB - The incidence of respiratory tract disease was investigated in three groups of Swedish children: those in 14 day-care centers with 18 to 68 children each; those in home care (usually no siblings); and those in family day-care homes (average, four children). In family day-care homes a mother cared for her own and one to four other children during the day. A preliminary nine month study of 41 preschool children attending a day-care center and 41 comparable children in home care showed that children under 2 years of age in the center had more days with respiratory symptoms and more febrile illnesses (four per child) than those in home care (one per child). In a subsequent eight-month study of children under 2 years of age, children in day-care centers and home care were compared with children in family day-care homes. The 108 children in centers had more febrile illness (five per child) than the 57 children in home care (two per child), but the 42 children in family day-care homes had as many illnesses as those in day care centers. The data suggest that increasing the number of contacts of an infant in day care beyond four to six children does not increase remarkably the incidence of respiratory tract disease. PMID- 1250655 TI - Developmental effects of seizures: role of malnutrition. AB - Eighty-eight rats were paired at birth according to sex and weight. One member of each pair received two electroconvulsive seizures a day during the neonatal period (days 2 to 11). Access of its control littermate to the mother was restricted so that the body weights of any two paired rats never diverged by more than 2 gm on any day of life, and were usually within one half gram of each other. This guaranteed that the nutritional status of seizure-treated and control animals was similar throughout development. On day 30 of life, seizure-treated rats had smaller brains (-56 mg, P less than .05) and reduced numbers of brain cells (-13.10(6), P less than .05) compared to their control littermates. It was concluded that the reduction of brain DNA brought about by neonatal seizures was not simply caused by malnutrition of seizure-treated animals. PMID- 1250656 TI - Carbohydrate malabsorption in necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - A prospective investigation was conducted to determine if infants with necrotizing enterocolitis had evidence of carbohydrate intolerance prior to the onset of clinical symptoms of advanced disease. Stool specimens were examined for fecal reducing substances with Clintest tablets from well, full-term infants and sick premature infants. Only two of 45 (4.4%) formula-fed, full-term infants demonstrated higher than 2+ fecal reducing substances. Ten of 14 (71%) formula fed premature infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis had higher than 2+ reducing substances detected in their stools. Daily measurement of fecal reducing substances can be a useful adjunct in the management of sick premature infants. PMID- 1250657 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia in an intensive care nursery. AB - A small epidemic of Pseudomonas cepacia infection in an intensive care nursery was associated with contaminated, distilled water. This appeared to have occurred because of a leak in the distiller, contaminating its effluent. The distilled water was not subsequently sterilized, nor were the bottles used to distribute it. The epidemic was promptly terminated by substitution of sterile, distilled water distributed in sterile containers. Both professional and nonprofessional hospital personnel failed to oversee the appropriateness of handling of patient care materials. PMID- 1250658 TI - Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen tension using a catheter-tip polarographic electrode in infants. AB - An oxygen electrode mounted in the tip of an umbilical artery catheter was used in 36 newborn infants with severe respiratory illnesses, 28 of whom survived. Thirty-seven electrodes were used. The median age at insertion was 4 hours (range, 30 minutes to 122 hours). Three electrodes failed to work and they were removed or replaced, and two could not be properly evaluated. Thirty-two electrodes functioned satisfactorily for 10 to 190 hours (mean, 75 hours) after a one-point calibration against blood sampled through the catheter. Twenty-two did not need recalibrating before they were removed after 10 to 190 hours (mean, 88 hours. Four of the remaining ten electrodes were recalibrated once after 33 to 97 hours and then functioned until removed 15 to 55 hours later. The other six electrodes failed after 32 to 105 hours (mean, 49 hours). Complications were few. A total of 356 arterial blood samples, obtained after the initial calibration and before any recalibration was necessary, gave a correlation coefficient of 0.93 (P less than .0001) against an independent system for measuring arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) (Radiometer Type E.5046 oxygen electrode). We conclude that the catheter-tip electrode is a safe and reliable instrument for continuously recording Pao2 in newborn infants which much simplifies the management of serious respiratory illnesses. PMID- 1250659 TI - Carrier detection in classical hemophilia. AB - Rabbit antibody to purified human factor VIII was prepared and absorbed until it formed only one precipitin line against normal and hemophilic plasmas and no line against severe von Willebrand's disease plasma. The plasma protein which combines with this rabbit antibody to factor VIII is referred to as factor VIII antigen. The ratio of percent factor VIII activity (by coagulation assay) to percent factor VIII antigen was used for carrier detection. Thirty-seven normal women, 33 obligate carriers, 12 probable carriers, and 39 possible carriers, were studied by this technique. Using the ratio of 0.84 as the division between normals and carriers, 31 of the 33 carriers (91%) were classified carriers. Twenty of the 39 possible carriers were classified as carriers (51%) and ten of the 12 probable carriers were positively identified. The results of discriminate analysis of all three variables (VIII activity, VIII antigen, and the ratio of VIII activity to VIII antigen indicated that the discrimination power of the ratio alone could not be improved by introducing the other variables on this set of data. These findings confirm the usefulness of the VIII activity to VIII antigen ratio in the detection of carriers of classical hemophilia. PMID- 1250660 TI - Acute myositis associated with influenza B infection. AB - An epidemic of acute myositis affecting children occurred in association with influenza B infections. The myositis followed the initial influenza-like episode, and almost exclusively involved the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Patients improved without specific treatment and made a complete recovery in four to five days. Laboratory studies characteristically showed elevated CPK, SGOT values, and a low peripheral white blood cell count. Influenza B virus was isolated from 11 of the 17 patients studied. This influenza-associated acute myositis of childhood is a recognized syndrome that should not be confused with dermatomyositis. PMID- 1250661 TI - Congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis: a case report. PMID- 1250662 TI - Multiple gastrointestinal atresias, with intraluminal calcifications and cystic dilatation of bile ducts: a newly recognized entity resemblin "a string of pearls". AB - The siblings reported here represent a new and complex congential anomaly. A genetic basis is strongly suggested. The natural preparation of closed loop duodenal obstruction and cystic dilatation of the bile ducts is a unique finding. The hallmark of this new entity--intraluminal calcifications strung out through small and large intestine like pearls--is a striking radiographic feature and, in the proper clinical setting, pathognomonic. This entity has been uniformly lethal. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, no known therapy is useful. PMID- 1250664 TI - Generic prescribing. PMID- 1250663 TI - Adverse reactions to iodide therapy of asthma and other pulmonary diseases. PMID- 1250665 TI - Commentary on breast-feeding and infant formulas, including proposed standards for formulas. PMID- 1250666 TI - Letter: Methodology questioned. PMID- 1250667 TI - Letter: Changing of umbilical artery catheters. PMID- 1250668 TI - Letter: Punishment legalized: protest against corporal punishment in schools. PMID- 1250669 TI - Letter: The use of xanthines in treating apnea of prematurity. PMID- 1250670 TI - Letter: Hospital maternal care is disruptive. PMID- 1250671 TI - Letters: Think of the thymus. PMID- 1250673 TI - Letter: The technique of study is crucial. PMID- 1250672 TI - Letter: A danger of old medications? PMID- 1250674 TI - Letter: When does hydranencephaly develop? PMID- 1250675 TI - Letter: A comment on "requiem for tetracyclines". PMID- 1250676 TI - The myths of genetic predestination and of tabula rasa. PMID- 1250677 TI - Pulmonary emphysema: redefinition and pathogenesis, a view from the epidemiological armchair. PMID- 1250678 TI - Marriage, the family, and sex-a Roman Catholic view. PMID- 1250679 TI - Biology and ethics. PMID- 1250680 TI - Joys and frustrations of doing research. PMID- 1250681 TI - The contributions of theology to medical ethics. PMID- 1250682 TI - The questionable practice of clinical staging. PMID- 1250683 TI - Pain is perspective. PMID- 1250684 TI - Renal hemodynamic alterations in liver disease. PMID- 1250685 TI - Bordetella bronchiseptica isolations from the nasal cavity of pigs in relation to atrophic rhinitis. AB - The occurrence of Bordetella bronchiseptica and atrophic rhinitis was studied during a one-year period in four Danish sow herds. In three of the heards, the epidemiological studies revealed a relation between the occurrence of B. bronchiseptica in 3--10-week-old pigs and the presence and severity of atrophic rhinitis at slaughter. In the fourth herd no such relation was found. PMID- 1250686 TI - The effect of grassmeal and alfalfa meal on daily gain, thickness of backfat and on the esophagogastric region in bacon pigs. AB - In pigs dietary factors often are involved as causes of lesions in pars esophagea of the stomach. In experiments the primary purpose of which was to clarify the effect of grassmeal or alfalfa meal on growth, feed efficiency and carcass quality in bacon pigs, an influence of these feedstuffs on the growth rate and degree of esophagogastric lesions was detected. Pigs with these lesions had as an average a lower daily gain and less backfat than pigs without lesions. PMID- 1250688 TI - Finding of Trichinella spiralis in a walrus (Odobenus rosmarus L.) in the Thule district, Northwest Greenland. PMID- 1250687 TI - [Feed-related urea poisoning in ruminants. a survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250689 TI - Herd incidence of bovine mastitis in four danish dairy districts. III. Relation between frequency of mastitis and cell counts on bulk molk samples. AB - The correlations between monthly bulk milk cell counts and the actual frequency of mastitis was investigated in 399 Danish dairy farms with a total of about 7000 cows. The correlation coefficients varied from 0.3 to 0.5. Correlations were improved by using more than one cell count, but not further improved by using more than two cell counts. The correlations were higher for large than for small herds. It was not possible by combining cell counts in different ways, as indicated in (Table IV, to point out every heavily mastitis-affected herd without also pointing out some not so heavily affected ones. Table IV shows what infection levels can be expected when different criteria based on bulk milk cell counts are applied. The figures cannot be transferred directly from Danish conditions to conditions in other countries, but similar tendencies can probably be found anywhere. PMID- 1250690 TI - [The formaldehyde content in fish in relation to anemia in mink (author's transl)]. AB - The fish-induced anemia in mink is an alimentary disease produced by feeding high amounts of some raw marine fishes. The anemiogenic properties of the fish has been related mainly to its content of the iron binding agent-trimethylaminoxide. The aim of the present investigation was to examine how far formaldehyde could also play a part as an anemiogenic factor. The content of formaldehyde has been analysed in all species of raw, cold stored fish known to be used in mink food and in a few samples of ready made food (Table II). The content of formaldehyde varied within wide limits from 12 to 105 ppm, but none of the measured contents reached the high values obtained by Costly (1970). The mean values of formaldehyde in gutted coalfish, fillet waste of coal fish, cod and haddock prepared for the feeding experiments, were all close to 50 ppm. 175 female mink and 632 mits were tested during the whole of the breeding period from 15.2-30.6, 80 per cent of the diet (page 1) was fish products with and without supplements of formaldehyde. Amounts from 200 to 50 ppm were tried (Table I). The supplement of 200 ppm formaldehyde had an appetite-decreasing and anemiogenic effect, but the supplement of 50 ppm, i.e. a formaldehyde content up to the highest value observed in fillet waste, had no effect on appetite or hemoglobin synthesis neither in females nor in kits. This content of formaldehyde did not counteract the anti-anemiogenic effect of iron glutamate. The fish-induced anemia occurred in mink thus appears unaffected by the quantities of formaldehyde found in fish diets to fur bearing animals. Triox must be regarded as the dominant anemiogenic factor in raw fish diets. PMID- 1250691 TI - Streptoccal infections in pigs. 2. Serological and biochemical examinations. AB - A total of 2,275 strains of haemolytic streptococci (HS) from 1,338 post mortem examined sucking pigs were studied. The serological examination revealed that 43.9 per cent of the strains belonged to group-C and 33.7 per cent belonged to group-L (Table I). Other serogroups amounted to 8.0 per cent and 13.8 per cent of the strains were non-typable. The distribution of serogroups in relation to different organs is presented in Table II. The fermentation pattern of 115 group C strains against trehalose, sorbitol and lactose was determined (Table III). All but one of the strains appeared to be S. equisimilis. The ability of 127 group-L strains to ferment lactose, hippurate, sorbitol and glycerol is shown in Table IV. Eleven different fermentation patterns were encountered. An antimicrobial resistance pattern was determined for 69 strains (Table V). All the strains, except one, were sensitive to penicillin and chloramphenicol. Only two strains were sensitive to streptomycin. None of the isolated serogroups or biochemical types could be related to a particular pathological lesion or to a particular herd or group of sows within the herd. By comparing the fermentation patterns of the group-L strains isolated from pigs dead with HS infection with those of previously group-L strains from healthy swine, different predominant patterns were found. Possibilities of using these differences in biochemical reactions in separating pathogenic and saprophytic strains are discussed. PMID- 1250692 TI - Preferential protection of the minor groove of non-operator DNA by lac repressor against methylation by dimethyl sulphate. AB - The binding of lactose repressor to non-operator DNA was studied by the modification of several DNA's, including glycosylated DNA, with dimethyl sulphate, which affects the minor and major grooves of DNA and single stranded DNA regions. The non-specific binding of the repressor to DNA protected the minor groove but apparently not the major groove of the DNA double helix against methylation and did not increase the content of single stranded DNA regions. This suggests that the repressor on binding to non-operator DNA makes contacts mainly in the minor groove of DNA and does not uncoil the DNA double helix. This is different from the interaction of the repressor with lactose operator DNA which occurs, as shown by Gilbert et al. (1), along both the major and the minor groove. PMID- 1250693 TI - Chemical evidence that chromatin DNA exists as 160 base pair beads interspersed with 40 base pair bridges. AB - Digestion of rat liver nuclei by an endogenous endonuclease generates double stranded DNA fragments which are initially about 205 base pairs long, as reported previously by Hewish and Burgoyne. As digestion proceeds, the average size of these fragments is reduced to about 160 base pairs. Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions shows that these DNA fragments contain single strand nicks at ten base intervals. Fifteen bands, 10-150 bases, are clearly resolvable. DNA Fragments of 160 to 200 nucleotides are not resolved as distinct species. The results suggest that the chromosomal subunit contains both a 160 base-pair DNA segment, in a conformation susceptible to single strand nicking at ten base intervals, and a forty base-pair DNA segment in a conformation more uniformly susceptible to endogenous endonuclease activity. This chemical evidence agrees with morphological observations suggesting that chromatin has a "bead and bridge" structure. PMID- 1250695 TI - Studies on the low molecular weight RNA associated with 28S ribosomal RNA from Crotalus durissus terrificus liver. AB - A low molecular weight RNA was released from the purified rattlesnake 28 S RNA by brief heat treatment as well as by treatment with 80% dimethylsulfoxide or formamide. The sedimentation coeficient of this low molecular weight RNA was found to be 5.5 S, corresponding to a nucleotide number of 140 and a molecular weight of 46 000. It was also observed that 5.5S RNA is present in equimolar ratio to 5 S rRNA. Heat treatment of the purified 60 S ribosomal subunit also released the 5.5 S RNA. The possibility that this low molecular weight RNA is located on the surface of the large ribosomal subunit is discussed. PMID- 1250694 TI - Cooperative binding of fluorescein-labeled clupeine by DNA. AB - The alpha-amino group of clupeine fraction Z from herring sperm was coupled with fluorescein. Binding of the labeled protamine by DNA is accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching up to 80%. This allowed the convenient determination of the binding behavior of protamine and DNA. Binding was found to be strongly cooperative and not be significantly affected by the size of DNA. The ionic strength dependence in the range up to 0.3 M NaCl was rather small. Binding parameters were derived according to classical unique-site treatment and to a concept which includes vagrant multi-site binding. PMID- 1250696 TI - The use of a dipolar ion-exchanger for the fractionation of transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - Transfer ribonucleic acid is well fractionated on columns of arginine-agarose, whose properties appear in general to be similar to those of DEAE-Sephadex. However, the amino acid acceptor species are separated into sharper peaks and in several instances, notably for methionine, glycine, serine, leucine and aspartate accepting tRNAs from Escherichia coli, isoaccepting species are well resolved. In the case of methionine accepting tRNA from E. coli the tRNA Met-m species is eluted before the tRNA Met-f species and since it is also eluted prior to the bulk of the tRNA it is obtained in a high degree of purity. By comparing the properties of columns of arginine-agarose and its methyl ester in which the carboxylate anion is blocked, it is seen that the carboxylate ion plays a role in the fractionation of the tRNA Met species. PMID- 1250697 TI - Conformational changes of nucleic acids and poly (d(A-T)-d(A-T)) caused by photoaddition of furocoumarins. AB - DNA's of various AT content, poly[d(A-T)-d(A-T)], and double-stranded RNA were irradiated with UV light at 365 nm in the presence of linear (xanthotoxin) or angular (angelicin) furocoumarins. The covalent photobinding is strongly dependent on the spatial arrangement of furocoumarin molecules at the polymer conformation. CD measurements demonstrate that the bifunctional photochemical binding of xanthotoxin with double-stranded DNA's and poly[d(A-T)-d(A-T)] is accompanied by conformational changes which involve probably decreasing helical twisting of the double helix. This effect is greatly enhanced with increasing AT content. The formation of A-like structures is very unlikely since the B leads to A transition induced by ethanol addition was found to be strongly suppressed in xanthotoxin photoreacted DNA. The B-type helix appears to be the most sensitive conformation with minor restriction to produce photochemically induced cross links. PMID- 1250698 TI - Protonated polynucleotide structures. 18. Interaction of oligocytidylates with poly (G). AB - The faculty for and degree of oligo(C)-poly(G) interaction is described as an essentially chain length - sensitive phenomenon. At neutral pH under suitable experimental conditions, oligocytidylates of chain length greater than four associate with poly(G) to form double-stranded structures, as does poly(C). The extent of complex formation increases with degree of polymerization. The complex at acid pH is shown to be triple-stranded, of stoicheometry 2C/1G. The observation of a 2G/1C artifact is discussed. PMID- 1250700 TI - A new synthesis of inosine from 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-imidazole carboxamide. AB - Inosine was prepared (15% yield) by treatment of 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4 imidazolecarboxamide (AICA-riboside) with chloroform in the presence of sodium methoxide. This ring closure can be reasonably explained by assuming the formation of dichlorocarbene from chloroform and alkali. Carbon tetrachloride or hexachloroethane as a carbene source was more effective for the ring closure of AICA-riboside, giving inosine in 48% and 51% yields respectively. PMID- 1250699 TI - Thermostable polynucleotide phosphorylases from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Thermus aquaticus. AB - Polynucleotide phosphorylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been purified to homogeneity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis run under denaturing conditions indicates that the enzyme is a tetramer with subunits of apparent molecular weight 51,000 daltons. A partial purification of polynucleotide phosphorylase from Thermus aquaticus has also been effected. The two enzymes show similar catalytic properties, which differ little from those of mesophilic polynucleotide phosphorylases. The use of thermostable polynucleotide phosphorylases for in vitro nucleic acid synthesis is discussed. PMID- 1250701 TI - Synthesis of guanosine and its derivatives from 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4 imidazolecarboxamide. III. Formation of a novel cycloimidazole nucleoside and its cleavage reactions. AB - A new cycloimidazole nucleoside, 5-(1 inch -benzamido-1 inch-hydroxymethylene) amino-2', 1 inch-anhydro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide (III) was synthesized by reaction of 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide (AICA-riboside) with benzoyl isothiocyanate followed by methylation with methyl iodide. The structure of III was elucidated on the basis of its nmr spectra and chemical reactions. Of special interest are reactions of III with various nucleophiles. For example, guanosine (IX) was obtained by amination of III wtih ammonia in 72% yield. Analogous reactions of III with methylamine and dimethylamine gave N2-methylguanosine (X) and N2-dimethylguanosine (XI), respectively. Refluxing of III in alkaline solution afforded xanthosine (VII). The probable mechanism of formation and facile ring-opening of III is also discussed. PMID- 1250702 TI - Synthesis of guanosine and its derivatives from 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-e imidazolecarboxamide. IV. A new route to guanosine via cyanamide derivative. AB - 4-Cyanamido-5-imidazolecarboxamide (IV) was prepared by brief treatment of 5-(S methylisothiocarbamoyl) amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (V) with alkali. Compound VI was converted in an alkaline solution to either guanine (VII) or isoguanine (VIII), depending on the concentration of alkali. This procedure was applied to the synthesis of 2',3'-0-isopropylideneguanosine (XVI) from the riboside of 5-(N' benzoyl-S-methylthiocarbamoyl) amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (IX), PROviding a new route to XVI. PMID- 1250703 TI - Induced formation of covalent bonds between nucleoprotein components. V. UV or bisulfite induced polynucleotide-protein crosslinkage in bacteriophage MS2. AB - UV (lambda = 254 nm) irradiation of bacteriophage MS2 or its treatment with bisulfite induce covalent crosslinkage of the RNA to the coat protein. epilsonN (2-oxopyrimidyl-4)-lysine was found in the phage hydrolysates after either type of treatment. An equimolar mixture of 0-methylhydroxylamine and bisulfite causes complete disappearance of the cross-links. This led to the conclusion that one of the factors responsible for the UV-induced polynucleotide-protein crosslinkage and the main factor in treatment with bisulfite is substitution of the exocyclic amino group of the activated cytosine nucleus by the lysine residue epilson-amino group of the protein. PMID- 1250704 TI - The presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in the N-methyl-N nitrosourea induced leukaemia in BDF1 mice and its effect on the accuracy of the DNA polymerases. AB - DNA polymerases have been prepared from leukaemic and normal spleens and their fidelity in copying a polyd AT).polyd(AT) template assessed. The leukaemic cytoplasmic DNA polymerases were less accurate than the controls whereas no difference in accuracy was observed in the nuclear DNA polymerases. The preparations of leukaemic cytoplasmic DNA polymerase also contained the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. When this enzyme was removed by further purification the accuracy of the cytoplasmic DNA polymerases increased to that of the controls. PMID- 1250705 TI - An improved method for the separation and quantitation of the modified nucleosides of transfer RNA. AB - A method is described which allows a very efficient determination of the modified nucleosides of tRNA. The technique involves enzymatic degradation of the tRNA to nucleosides at pH 7.6 and their separation by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on cellulose-coated aluminum foils. Based on the analysis of two mammalian tRNAs it is shown that the technique is suitable for the determination of chemically unstable nucleosides as well as the ribose-methylated compounds. At least 36 of the 45 known modified nucleosides can be separated and quantitatively determined by the method described. This procedure is especially suitable for the estimation of the nucleoside composition of unlabeled tRNAs as well as for studying the post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA. PMID- 1250706 TI - Thermal denaturation of DNA from bromodeoxyuridine substituted cells. AB - The thermal denaturation of DNA from cell lines extensively substituted with bromodeoxyuridine has been examined spectrophotometrically over a wide range in ionic strength and by thermal elution from hydroxyapatite columns. BrdU substitution stabliizes DNA at all ionic strengths between 7.5 mM and 1350 mM potassium ion concentration, although a plot of log ionic strength vs Tm deviates from linearity above 150 mM. This nonlinearity is most pronounced with BrdU substituted DNAs, resulting in a lowered delta Tm between unsubstituted and substituted DNA with increasing ionic strength. DMSO is shown to decrease the Tm of both unsubstituted and BrdU-substituted DNA equally, at a rate of .5 degrees C per 1% DMSO. PMID- 1250707 TI - Spectroscopic properties of various 2'(3')-O-aminoacyldinucleoside phosphates analogous to the 3' terminus of AA-tRNA. AB - Hypochromicity and circular dichroism data are reported for the 2' and 3'-0 aminiacyldinucleoside phosphates cytidylyl-(3'-5')-2'(3')-0-L-phenylalanyl adenosine, cytidylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxy-3'-0-L-phenylalanyladenosine, cytidylyl-(3' 5')-2'-deoxy-3'-0-glycyladenosine, and cytidylyl-(3'-5')-3'-deoxy-2'-0-L phenylalanyladenosine, all of which can act as analogs of the 3' terminus of AA tRNA in various partial reactions of protein biosynthesis. Although all these systems have a 2'-OH group in the furanose of the 3'-residue, differences exist in the extent and/or mode of base-base overlap for most of them, except for cytidylyl-(3'-5')-2'(3')-0-L-phenylalanyladenosine and cytidylyl-(3'-5')-3'-deoxy 2'-0-L-phenylalanyladenosine. It is concluded that the biological activity of the above analogs is affected both by the position of the aminoacyl group and the stacking properties of the bases. PMID- 1250708 TI - Chromatin model calculations: Arrays of spherical nu bodies. AB - Chromatin fibers consists of globular nucleohistone particles (designated nu bodies) along the length of the chromatin DNA with approximately 6-to7-fold compaction of the DNA within the nu bodies. We have calculated theoretical small angle x-ray scattering curves and have compared these with experimental data in the literature. Several models predict maxima at the correct angles. The first maximum (approximately 110 degrees A) results from interparticle interference, while both the spatial arrangement and the structure factor the nu bodies can contribute to the additional small-angle maxima. These calculations suggest models which can account for the electron microscopic observation that chromatin is seen as either approximately 100-or approximately 200-to 250 degrees A diameter fibers, depending on the solvent conditions. They also account for the limited orientability of the x-ray pattern from pulled chromatin fibers. PMID- 1250709 TI - Continuous assessment in the preparation of teachers of nursing. PMID- 1250710 TI - Post basic: abdominal radiology--the plain film and contrast examinations. PMID- 1250711 TI - After Lewin. PMID- 1250712 TI - All in a day's work. PMID- 1250713 TI - Nursing care study. Victim of circumstance. PMID- 1250715 TI - Urinary tract infections in women. PMID- 1250716 TI - Nasal obstruction-2. Other causes and treatments. PMID- 1250714 TI - Hepatic abscess. PMID- 1250717 TI - Head infestation. PMID- 1250718 TI - Carcinoma of the bronchus-4. Treatment. PMID- 1250719 TI - Assessment of a single-use clinical thermometer. PMID- 1250721 TI - Thinking for action. PMID- 1250720 TI - The social organisation of health visitor training. 1. The social theories of health visitors. PMID- 1250722 TI - Help for alcoholics. PMID- 1250723 TI - Treatment of bladder carcinoma using hydrostatic pressure therapy. PMID- 1250724 TI - Papilloma of the bladder. PMID- 1250725 TI - Nursing care study: Acute polyneuritis. PMID- 1250727 TI - Integrated ward discussions. PMID- 1250726 TI - Discussing death. PMID- 1250728 TI - An automated cardiac intensive care unit. PMID- 1250729 TI - A new venture in preparing nurse tutors. PMID- 1250730 TI - Blood coagulation: a cybernetic system. PMID- 1250731 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of hypertension. Results based on 1082 cases]. PMID- 1250732 TI - [Some geographical aspects of chronic relapsing pancreatitis]. PMID- 1250733 TI - [Test for dynamic evaluation of plasma kininogenic activity]. PMID- 1250734 TI - [Clinical usefulness of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation test in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 1250735 TI - [Crohn's disease of the ileum and tuberculosis]. PMID- 1250736 TI - [Anapolon-50 in the treatment uremic anemia]. PMID- 1250737 TI - [Advances in nephrology. Uremic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1250738 TI - [Pattern of hydroxyproline indices during the developmental period (between the ages of 6 months and 18 years)]. PMID- 1250739 TI - [NBT test, immunoglobulins, electrophoretic protein fractions and lead blood concentration in children]. PMID- 1250740 TI - [Comparative evaluation of dye clearance tests with the use of bromsulphalein, indocyanine green, radioactive rose bengal in the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1250741 TI - [Occurrence of hepatic and gallbladder cancer in the Warsaw population in the years 1963-1972]. PMID- 1250742 TI - [Nitrogen mustard effects in the treatment of spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries]. PMID- 1250743 TI - [Case of mediastinal lymphatic cyst]. PMID- 1250745 TI - [Impressions from a stay in Nigeria in 1969-1974]. PMID- 1250744 TI - [Social significance of the therapeutic rehabilitation of patients with extrapyramidal form of infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 1250746 TI - [Effect of conservative treatment of hyperthyroidism on the excretion of peptide hydroxyproline]. PMID- 1250747 TI - [Simplified pharmacokinetic calculations in an open compartment model as exemplified by furosemide]. PMID- 1250748 TI - [Effect of d-penicilamine treatment on desmofibrinogenesis disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1250749 TI - [Serum phosphocreatine kinase activity in healthy pregnant women, women in labor and in puerperium]. PMID- 1250750 TI - [Salmonella bovis morbificans in clinical records]. PMID- 1250751 TI - [Acute coronary failure in patients with valvular prostheses]. PMID- 1250752 TI - [Newborn infants and latent diabetes in mothers. Our observations]. PMID- 1250753 TI - [Multiple myocardial infarct in the course of endomyocarditis in a young woman]. PMID- 1250754 TI - [Effects of emergency treatment of hypertension with diazoxide]. PMID- 1250755 TI - [Transbronchial biopsy of the lung. Advances in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases and peripheral forms of pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 1250756 TI - [Usefulness of serologic-bacteriologic visualizing screen for reading results of microflocculation reaction (VDRL) in the serodiagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 1250757 TI - [Magnesium in nephrotic syndrome in the course of renal failure]. PMID- 1250758 TI - [Incidence of R factor among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical material of patients in the Bialystok Province]. PMID- 1250759 TI - [Comparative determinations of beta-glucuronidase and aminotransferases in the serum of patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1250760 TI - [Effect of spa treatment on the levels of serum iron and transferrin in electric welders]. PMID- 1250761 TI - [Bile duct calculosis]. PMID- 1250762 TI - [Myocardial infarct in diabetics]. PMID- 1250763 TI - [Usefulness of serum arginase activity determination in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1250764 TI - [Hypothyroidism caused by thyroid ectopy]. PMID- 1250765 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia in the course of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1250766 TI - [Peptide transport]. PMID- 1250767 TI - [Prospects and future tasks of internal medicine as a clinical speciality]. PMID- 1250768 TI - [Effects of experimental hypoxia induced by changed respiration conditions on the morphological picture of the liver]. PMID- 1250769 TI - [Occlusion of iliac arteries treated by bypass operation using venous autografts]. PMID- 1250770 TI - [Complications after surgery on the common bile duct]. PMID- 1250771 TI - [Experimental trial of a new method of antireflux management]. PMID- 1250772 TI - [Portable apparatus for assisted circulation and extracorporeal circulation of own design]. PMID- 1250773 TI - [Aspiration drainage in cases of difficult management of duodenal stump after Billroth II partial gastrectomy]. PMID- 1250774 TI - [Diagnostic problems in bile duct hemorrhages]. PMID- 1250775 TI - [A giant myxomatous fibroma of the esophagus]. PMID- 1250776 TI - [Duodenal polyp]. PMID- 1250777 TI - [Malignant pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1250778 TI - [Diffuse polyposis of large intestine coexistent with appendiceal carcinoid]. PMID- 1250779 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in a case of pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 1250780 TI - [External gel-filled prosthesis of the breast]. PMID- 1250782 TI - [Right-sided pyelolithotomy and cholecystectomy]. PMID- 1250781 TI - [Post-traumatic intrahepatic aneurysms]. PMID- 1250783 TI - [Excretory anuria following urolithiasis]. PMID- 1250784 TI - Analysis of patients treated for renolithiasis. PMID- 1250785 TI - [Suprapubic cystostomy in children]. PMID- 1250786 TI - [Treatment of malignant testicular tumors]. PMID- 1250787 TI - [Testicular tumors in children]. PMID- 1250788 TI - [Testicular torsion]. PMID- 1250789 TI - [Urine analysis in patients with traumatic lesions of the spinal cord]. PMID- 1250790 TI - [Coexistence of primary renal pelvis carcinoma in a patient with congenital hydronephrosis and renal cyst]. PMID- 1250791 TI - [A case of clear-cell renal carcinoma coexisting with renolithiasis diagnosed prior to surgery]. PMID- 1250792 TI - [Polyglobulia as an early sign of associated clear cell renal carcinoma]. PMID- 1250793 TI - [A case of primary carcinoma of the male urethra]. PMID- 1250794 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the orifice of female urethra]. PMID- 1250795 TI - [Primary carcinoma of male urethra]. PMID- 1250796 TI - [Lipoma of the bladder]. PMID- 1250797 TI - [Spontaneous scrotal gangrene of the Fournier type]. PMID- 1250798 TI - [Hemodialysis in acute renal failure caused by traumatic urethral stricture]. PMID- 1250799 TI - [Unilateral developmental anomaly of the upper urinary tract coexisting with anomaly of genital organs]. PMID- 1250800 TI - [Crossed kidney translocation]. PMID- 1250802 TI - [Fitoalexins (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250801 TI - [Rifle bullet in the ureter]. PMID- 1250803 TI - [Physicochemical properties of actin and its role in muscular contraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250804 TI - Understanding teenage drug abuse. PMID- 1250805 TI - New Jersey's coordinated CME system. AB - After six years of collaboration between professional associations and academic institutions, a coordinated system of continuing medical education has been developed in New Jersey. The functions of institutional accreditation, program review, and educational development have been clarified and then assumed by appropriate organizations. Delegation of these functions at the state level has in turn fostered the development of accredited CME programs in more than half of New Jersey's community hospitals. PMID- 1250806 TI - Office gynecology: an approach to the problem of hirsutism. PMID- 1250807 TI - Gastroenterology: A hypothetical case of chronic diarrhea incorporating a management self-test. PMID- 1250808 TI - Growing pains: fact or fiction? AB - Growing pains are recurrent limb pains peculiar to children. Brief episodes of leg pains occurring intermittently at night are typical, but the clinical spectrum is variable. A diagnosis of growing pains can be made with certainty only after other possible conditions have been ruled out by appropriate studies and after the child has been observed carefully for a period of months. The two diseases most often confused with this syndrome are rheumatic fever and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Aspirin and supportive measures are beneficial. PMID- 1250809 TI - Pathologic hypofunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. AB - The literature now contains reports of many cases of aldosterone deficiency. Usually, the presenting features are persistent hyperkalemia and tendencies to serious urinary sodium loss and hypotension. A classification of defects leading to pathologic hypofunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS hypofunction) is presented, with emphasis on idiopathic hyporeninemia (probably the most common). Criteria for diagnosis are (1) normal adrenal glucocorticoid function, (2) low aldosterone excretion under basal and stimulated conditions, and (3) renal tubular responsiveness to exogenous mineralocorticoid. The condition is effectively managed with mineralocorticoid replacement therapy and should be considered in the presence of unexplained persistent hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or postural hypotension. PMID- 1250810 TI - Evaluating peripheral arterial occlusive disease. AB - The clinical history and physical examination remain the most important factors in determining the presence, anatomic location, and physiologic extent of arterial occlusive disease and the need for operation. The physician should refrain from ordering arteriography to confirm the diagnosis of arterial disease unless operation is warranted. If peripheral arterial occlusive disease is diagnosed clinically, its anatomic and physiologic extent can be determined qualitatively and quantitatively by Doppler ultrasonic studies. These studies are also useful in following the natural history of or the influence of therapy on the course of arterial occlusive disease. Ultrasonic studies coupled with careful clinical assessment and with arteriographic evaluation prior to planned operation provide an optimal armamentarium for the diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 1250811 TI - [Early X-ray diagnosis of lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250812 TI - [In-vivo tests and the radio-allergo-sorbent-test (RAST) in the diagnosis of sensitization by compositae pollen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250813 TI - [Pathophysiology of acute respiratory disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250814 TI - [Function tests in the diagnosis of stenosis of the upper air passages (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250815 TI - [Clinical features and treatment of haemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250816 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary oedema caused by toxic gases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250817 TI - [Anti-Tuberculous therapy with rifampicin and ethambutol during pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250818 TI - [Torsion of the testis in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250819 TI - [When, where and how does rehabilitation begin, and how, where and when does it end? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250820 TI - [Mucolytics and expectorants - a critical review on their differentiated application (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250821 TI - [Oral contraceptives: pharmacotherapy of normal women (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250822 TI - [Heart failure and digitalis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250823 TI - [Combined use of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250824 TI - [Editorial: Cholelitholysis--an alternative to cholecystectomy?]. PMID- 1250825 TI - [Roentgen examination in acute abdominal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250826 TI - [Pathologic cervical smear. What steps should be taken? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250827 TI - [What is the significance of a pathological Papanicolaou smear? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250829 TI - [The hypertrophic breast (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250828 TI - [The value of physical methods (mammography and thermography) in examining breasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250830 TI - [Tokolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250831 TI - ["Use of bromocriptin (CB 154) in the treatment of puerperal and pathological lactation" (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250832 TI - [Prostaglandins: their significance and use in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1250833 TI - Myocardial responses to acetylstrophanthidin during veratrum alkaloid refractoriness. AB - Studies were undertaken in the isolated blood perfused dog heart to determine the nature of the myocardial refractoriness induced by veratrum alkaloids. The initial intracoronary injection of cryptenamine acetates (Unitensin) was always associated with an increase in myocardial contractility and a loss of myocardial potassium. Subsequent doses produced refractoriness with respect to both the contractile and potassium responses. Acetylstrophanthidin still produced an inotropic and potassium losing effect duct of the glycoside was potentiated whereas the contractile response was not. PMID- 1250835 TI - Evidence of calcitonin-induced inhibition of calcitonin secretion in porcine thyroid slices. AB - In the present study, the possibility of calcitonin-induced self-inhibition in porcine thyroid slices was examined. Replacing the incubation medium at 5-min intervals during incubation and increasing the volume of incubation from 2 to 15 ml were observed to enhance calcium-stimulated calcitonin secretion in vitro. PMID- 1250834 TI - Effect of bone marrow suppression on granulocyte opsonin levels. AB - Levels of serum opsonin for neutrophilic granulocytes were measured in dogs made neutropenic by cyclophosphamide administration. Heat-labile opsonin became elevated within 24 hr following cyclophosphamide (P less than 0.005) and remained elevated over the 4-5 day period of observation (P less than 0.005). In contrast, heat stable opsonin was not significantly effected. Bone marrow suppression by X ray and busulfan also caused serum opsonin levels to increase. Changes in the levels of IgG, C3, and total hemolytic complement during the course of bone marrow suppression did not correlate with the granulocyte opsonin levels. These findings suggest that serum granulocyte opsonin levels respond to bone marrow suppression and may provide an improved environment for the function of transfused granulocytes. PMID- 1250836 TI - Effects of masking H-2 and Ir gene products on the in vitro responses of cells from immunized and naive mice. AB - Mouse spleen cells from immunized and naive animals were cultured for 3 days with SRBC and antisera to H-2K, H-2D, Ia, or aggregated IgG. Direct and indirect antibody responses were impaired by each of these agents only when the responding cells had been obtained from unimmunized mice. It was found that as lymphoid cells reacted to the antigen and progressed toward a fully matured antibody response, they first became resistant to inhibition by anti-H-2K and H-2D sera and somewhat later they lost their vulnerability to agents that reacted with Ia antigens. PMID- 1250837 TI - Passive immunity to murine plasmacytoma by rabbit antiidiotypic antibody to myeloma protein. AB - Antiidiotypic antisera to LPC-1 and MOPC-300 plasmacytoma globulins were produced in rabbits by immunization with the corresponding antigen and exhaustive immunoabsorption with normal BALB/c plasma and other myeloma globulins. IgG fractions of these antisera when given intraperitoneally on three consecutive days after tumor implantation, protected the animal specifically from the grafting of the corresponding plasmacytoma or induced regression of the tumors after their initial grafting and growth. In vitro cytotoxicity of the antisera to plasmacytoma cells was not demonstrated. Plasma of the antisera-treated normal BALB/c mice, though containing antiidiotypic antibody in high titers (320-640), was not cytotoxic to tumor cells. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth can be considered the result of passive immunization against plasmacytoma with xenogeneic humoral antibody. PMID- 1250838 TI - Influence of volume expansion on sodium excretion during parabiotic dialysis. AB - Dialysis of a saline-infused against a noninfused dog was associated with a significant increase in Na excretion in both animals without a significant change in creatinine clearance or filtered Na. This indicates that there was movement by diffusion of a humoral agent between the two animals. The observed increase in Na excretion in the noninfused animal resulted from gain of a natriuretic hormone, since in a second series of experiments a natriuretic rather than antinatriuretic hormone appeared to be involved. PMID- 1250839 TI - Dengue virus replication enhancement in peripheral blood leukocytes from immune human beings. AB - Dengue 2 virus replication in peripheral blood leukocyte cultures from 10 of 13 Asian or Polynesian subjects with actively acquired dengue immunity and two of three infants with passively acquired dengue antibody. Only 2 of 11 cultures from nonimmune infants or children supported viral replication. This study establishes a parallel in the biological behavior of human and simian PBL with respect to the immunological dependence of dengue virus replication in vitro. Elucidation of the mechanism (or mechamisms) regulating growth of dengue virus in leukocytes from immune hosts may contribute to an understanding of the role that virus-leukocyte interactions play in the pathogenesis of human dengue illness. PMID- 1250840 TI - A rapid radioimmunoassay method of growth hormone in dog plasma. AB - A rapid and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) system is described for the measurement of growth hormone (GH) in dog plasma. The method requires only 40 hr and is able to detect concentrations of GH as low as 1.0 ng/ml of dog plasma. Antiserum to canine growth hormone (cGH) prepared in monkeys, exhibited a complete cross-reactivity with porcine GH, suggesting that the latter can substitute cGH in a heterologous radioimmunoassay for cGH. Studies on GH regulation performed with this RIA in the unanesthetized dog showed that this species resembles the primate more than the rat or the rabbit. PMID- 1250841 TI - Protein metabolism in weanling rats with hypothalamic obesity. AB - Our findings indicate that protein synthesis is enhanced in weanling rats with hypothalamic obesity, that this enhancement is not dependent on increased amino acid transport into cells, and that muscle protein breakdown is also enhanced in these rats. The mechanisms of these changes are yet to be discovered. Finally, muscle protein has been demonstrated to be a probable source of the amino acids required to support enhanced gluconeogenesis in these rats. PMID- 1250842 TI - Abnormal levels of urinary catecholamines in dystrophic mice and hamsters. AB - Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from normal and dystrophic mice and hamsters for catecholamine determinations. A new method of analysis was used whereby 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) were measured simultaneously. The procedure is based on a combination of liquid-solid extraction, cation exchange chromatography, and controlled potential electrochemistry. The results of these experiments indicated that while DA levels were similar in both normal and pathological animal urine, DOPA levels decreased slightly in the dystrophic mouse but not the hamster, and NE and E levels in dystrophic groups were two and four times greater than normal in both species. The data supports the concept of biochemical alterations in tissue other than muscle. While not necessarily supportive to catecholamine abnormality as the primary cause of muscular dystrophy, the present data cast doubt that this disease is a primary muscle disease. PMID- 1250843 TI - Des-Asp-1-angiotensin II. possible role in mediating the renin--angiotensin response in the rat. AB - Angiotensin II and its heptapeptide fragment, Des-Asp-1-angiotensin II, produced a striking increase in aldosterone secretion in rats pretreated with dexamethasone and morphine to reduce ACTH release. 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II (10 mug/kg min-1) given simultaneously with angiotensin II (1 mug/min) blocked the aldosterone response to angiotensin II in rats pretreated to reduce ACTH release. In contrast, 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II at the same dose failed to block the steroid response to Des-Asp-1-angiotensin II (1 mug/min) but a larger dose of 50 mug/kg min-1 of the angiotensin II antagonist blocked completely both the aldosterone and the corticosterone responses to 1 mug/min of Des-Asp-1 angiotensin II. From these data it is suggested that the heptapeptide has a higher affinity for zona glomerulosa receptors than the octapeptide and that Des Asp-1-angiotensin II mediates, at least in part, the steroidogenic response to the renin-angiotensin system in the rat. The pressor response to Des-Asp-1 angiotensin II was approximately 50% of that produced by the octapeptide in the rat, and 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II was as effective in partially blocking the pressor response to the octapeptide as in inhibiting the heptapeptide. The present observations indicate a dissociation of adrenal cortex and peripheral arteriolar receptors in their affinity for angiotensin. PMID- 1250844 TI - Improvement and initial in vivo application of the radioimmunoassay of rat thyrocalcitonin. AB - Previously we reported a homologous radioimmunoassy for rat thyrocalcitonin (TCT) which was sensitive enough (2--3 ng/ml serum) to measure TCT in thyroid venous blood or thyroid gland extracts but could not detect TCT in peripheral blood even after provocative challenge with iv calcium. In the present study chicken antisera to rat TCT were developed which were sufficiently sensitive (120--240 pg/ml serum) to permit initial evaluation of changes in TCT in rat peripheral blood. The following results were observed: (1) Basal serum TCT in young male Holtzman rats was undetectable, being less than 120--240 pg/ml; (2) induction of marked hypercalcemia by iv calcium increased TCT to approximately 1000--3000 pg/ml within 5 min; (3) thyroid cautery increased TCT to approximately 1000 pg/ml in 5--15 min; (4) calcium gavage (12.2 mg Ca/100 g) produced modest hypercalcemia in 30--60 min and increased serum TCT to approximately 500 pg/ml; (5) injection of isoproterenol raised serum TCT detectably; (6) injection of large doses of gastrin or pentagastrin did not produce detectable increases in TCT 5 or 30 min later. The results show that suitable antisera to rat TCT can be developed in chickens and applied to the measurement, by radioimmunoassay, of elevated circulating levels of TCT in the rat. PMID- 1250845 TI - Plasma prostaglandin F2alpha and 15-keto-F2alpha concentrations during splanchnic artery occlusion shock. AB - Arterial plasma concentrations of PGF2alpha and 15-keto-PGF2alpha were determined in sham shock and splanchnic artery occlusion shock dogs. Arterial PGF2alpha concentrations (expressed as percentage of control) increased significantly in the SAO group when compared to the sham group during postrelease sampling periods. Similarly, 15-keto-PGF2alpha, a major metabolite of PGF2alpha also increased significantly in arterial blood in SAO shock. Comparison of 15-keto PGF2alpha and PGF2alpha at each sampling period suggest that the efficiency of 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is not impaired during SAO shock in the dog. However, the ability of the kidney and other organs to remove 15-keto-PGF2alpha from the circulation during SAO shock does appear to be significantly reduced. Although the changes in circulating concentrations of PGF2alpha are significant, the role of the increased prostaglandin is not clearly understood. We found no basis for any toxic effect of the PGF2alpha nor of any beneficial action. Others, however, have found exogenous PGF2alpha to improve survival in circulatory shock. PMID- 1250846 TI - Effects of acute administration of taurocholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acid on biliary lipid excretion in the rat. AB - Comparison of the effects of biliary lipid excretion produced by infusion of taurochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate showed no significant difference when the bile acids were infused for a relatively short period of time. Cholesterol excretion rates measured during depletion of the bile acid pool were significantly higher than cholesterol excretion rates measured during infusion of bile acids at various rates. These data indicate that there is some mechanism in addition to bile acid excretion that is responsible for biliary excretion of cholesterol when the enterohepatic circulation is intact. PMID- 1250847 TI - Angiotensin II stimulation of 5'-adenylic acid deaminase. AB - Angiotensin II has been found to stimulate 5'-adenylic acid deaminase from rabbit skeletal muscle. Stimulation was discernible around 10(-9) M and peak stimulation of about threefold was seen at 10(-7) M, concentrations approximating those required for stimulation of vascular smooth muscle or adrenal glomerulosa cells. Higher concentrations produced less stimulation. Adenosine triphosphate stimulated to the same degree, but a concentration of 10(-5) M was required for maximum stimulation, while maximum stimulation with sodium or potassium required 0.5 M and 0.75 M, respectively. Although the physiologic significance of these observations has not been established, these data suggest an intracellular role for angiotensin II. PMID- 1250848 TI - Contractile responses to angiotensin I and angiotensin II in hamster uterine smooth muscle. AB - Angiotensin I (A-I) and angiotensin II (A-II) produced dose-dependent increases in isometric tension in isolated strips of uterine smooth muscle prepared from ovariectomized golden hamsters treated with estrogen. Responses to A-II were consistent with receptor--occupancy theory of agonist--receptor interactions. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme virtually abolished responses to A-I but not those to A-II. Blockade of A-II receptors inhibited responses to both A-I and A-II. Cholinergic or alpha-adrenergic blockade did not alter uterine responses to either A-I or A-II. These findings suggest that contractile responses elicited in the isolated uterus of the hamster are due to its local conversion to A-II and subsequent interactions with specific A-II receptors. Such conversion occurs at least to the extent of 14 to 27 %. PMID- 1250849 TI - Studies on vitamin B12 binding proteins in human saliva. PMID- 1250850 TI - Effect of thyroidectomy on rhythmic gonadotropin release. AB - Nonstress blood samples were obtained from intact and thyroidectomized (TE) male rats at 3-hr intervals over a 24-hr period via rapid decapitation. The animals were thyroidectomized when 40 days old and used 6 weeks later. Intact animals showed periodicity in serum LH (P less than 0.01) and prolactin (P less than 0.01). Both gonadotropins began increasing after 8 PM and peak levels occurred at 11 PM. In contrast, 24-hr periodicity was not observed in serum FSH. Corticosterone levels in these same serum samples showed the expected circadian periodicity. After TE, the 24-hr pattern in all gonadotropins was altered significantly. Serum LH increased (P less than 0.01) and circadian periodicity appeared to be absent. FSH and prolactin levels were increased and decreased, respectively (P less than 0.01), with serum prolactin showing a 9-hr phase shift. Prolactin began increasing at 2 AM and reached a peak at 8 AM. Corticosterone in TE animals showed a 24-hr rhythm similar to that of intact rats. These findings confirm our previous observations that nonstress serum LH and prolactin levels fluctuate with a 24-hr periodicity and suggest that the level of, and the phase angle betweeen, these rhythms is markedly influenced by pituitary-thyroid activity. PMID- 1250851 TI - The serial cultivation of suspended BHK-21/13 cells in serum-free Waymouth medium. AB - A simple medium system was developed to obtain growth of BHK-21 cells in shaker cultures in the absence of serum. These cells have now undergone over 80 serial passages in serum-free Waymouth medium and have been recovered from the frozen state after storage for over 1 month in medium containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Various amounts of exogenous lipid in the form of sodium oleate were added to cultures of cells growing in serum-free Waymouth medium. Concentrations of 10-50 mug of sodium oleate/ml had no detrimental effects on the cells as measured by trypan blue uptake. Furthermore, the cells were serially passed ten times in the presence of 10 mug sodium oleate/ml. Depletion of calf serum from the growth medium and addition of known quantities of lipids to the system provides a means of revealing subtle changes in lipid synthesis and lipid turnover during cellular growth. PMID- 1250852 TI - A comparison of the enzyme levels and the in vitro utilization of various substrates for lipogenesis in pair-fed lean and obese pigs. AB - In this study of spontaneous obesity of pigs, specific metabolic shifts were observed, which explain an increase in fat deposition. Liver tissue utilization of pyruvate and glucose for oxidation and lipogenesis showed no significant difference between lean and obese pigs. Adipose tissue utilization of glucose, acetate and glycerol for triglyceride and fatty acid synthesis was greater in obese pigs than lean pigs (P less than 0.01). No significant difference in leucine incorporation into lipid fractions was found. Of the substrates utilized, glucose supplied 86 and 94% of the glyceride-glycerol synthesized in lean and obese pigs, respectively. Glycerol was not a major contributor to glyceride glycerol synthesis (3.5 to 5.5%), in spite of the presence of adipose tissue glycerokinase. An increase (P less than 0.05) in alanine incorporation into glucose was observed in liver tissue from obese pigs. In general, the levels of enzymes activities associated with gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and lipogenesis supported the findings of in vitro utilization of these substrates. PMID- 1250853 TI - Serotonin deficiency and prolonged bleeding in beige mice. AB - Beige mice have been observed to bleed excessively from small wounds. Platelets obtained from these mice were deficient in adenine nucleotides and serotonin and in vivo uptake of labeled serotonin was impaired. Heterozygotes of beige and C57BL/6 mice have adenine nucleotide and serotonin levels comparable to control and do not manifest a bleeding tendency, consistent with the recessive mode of inheritance of the beige mouse syndrome. Morphologic confirmation of the observed biochemical defects was obtained by the demonstration that serotonin storage organelles were not observed in electron photomicrographs of beige mouse platelets. The demonstration that small doses of serotonin were effective in reversing the bleeding tendency in beige mice suggested a causal role for defective storage and release of endogenous serotonin as the basis for the bleeding tendency, acting either independently or synergistically with impaired release of adenine nucleotides. PMID- 1250854 TI - Isoenzyme composition of human plasma monoamine oxidase in normal subjects and in fibrotic liver disease. AB - Hydroxyapatite column chromatography elution profile reveals characteristic differences between monoamine oxidase (MAO) isolated from normal human plasma and from patients with hemochromatosis having hepatic fibrosis. In normal plasma, the alpha form constitutes about 84% of the enzyme, with the remainder in the beta and gamma forms. By contrast, in hemochromatosis there is less alpha form (less than 40%), an additional alpha1 form (about 20%) which was eluted immediately after alpha form, increased beta form (more than 25%), and no significant difference in gamma form. When calculated on the basis of total amount per liter, hemochromatosis is characterized by elevation of beta form (3- to 10-fold) and the presence of alpha1. These results also appear to indicate that the multiple forms separated by hydroxyapatite column chromatography represent true multiplicity of human plasma MAO in vivo. PMID- 1250855 TI - Stimulation of prolactin release in rats by GABA. AB - Infusion of GABA into the lateral ventricle of intact female rats on the morning of proestrus and in ovariectomized rats significantly stimulated PRL release. This response apparently is not mediated through a direct action on the pituitary since injection of GABA into hypophysectomized rats with a pituitary transplant under the kindney capsule did not alter serum prolactin levels. These observations suggest that GABA may have a role in regulating prolactin secretion. PMID- 1250856 TI - The effect of age and norepinephrine on renin release by rat kidney slices in vitro. AB - Basal renin release by rat kidney slices decreases with age in rats of SHR and Sprague-Dawley strains. In contrast, Kyoto-Wistar rats (from which SHR are derived) demonstrate no decrease in renin release with age. The decline in basal renin release observed in SHR occurs at a time when the animal develops hypertension. However, the ability of renin release to respond to stimuli, such as norepinephrine, is enhanced at the time of declining basal renin release and developing hypertension. PMID- 1250857 TI - Urinary kallikrein in dogs with constriction of one renal artery. PMID- 1250858 TI - Distribution of kidney kininogenases. AB - The distribution of kininogenase activity in the dog kidney was studied. It was found that kininogenase decreased from the outer to the inner cortex and that the medulla and papilla have very little kininogenase activity. Kininogenase activity was also measured in isolated glomeruli devoid of juxtaglomerular apparatus and in the total cortex of rat kidney. In the isolated glomeruli, the kininogenase activity per milligram of protein was only 15% of that found in the total cortex. It was concluded that the main localization of these enzymes is not in the glomeruli, but somewhere else in the cortical segment of the nephron. PMID- 1250859 TI - A study of the amino acids and proteins of some human T-mycoplasma membranes. AB - Purified membranes were prepared from seven human T-mycoplasmas. Their amino acid composition was determined and was similar to that of other biological membranes. Their proteins were examined by isoelectric focusing and 7 to 10 protein bands were detected mostly in the pH 4 to 7 range of the gel. T-mycoplasma T-McA also had one distinctive band at pH 3 while T-mycoplasma T-213 had a prominent basic band at pH 9. The proteins were denatured by storage at -25 degrees. Five to seven Periodic Schiff-positive bands also were observed but were not identified. PMID- 1250861 TI - Blood endotoxin inactivation after trauma and endotoxicosis. AB - In contrast to the inability to demonstrate endotoxin detoxifying activity in either control rat blood, blood cells, plasma, or serum, the induction of mild endotoxemia or trauma resulted in a prompt and marked detoxifying activity in blood plasma or serum, but not in the cellular elements. The functional significance of the blood anti-endotoxin system was demonstrated by a capability for passive transfer and by its loss during severe traumatic shock. A role for the RES in elaboration of the blood anti-endotoxin system is postulated. PMID- 1250860 TI - The utilization of senescent red cell and hemolysate iron for erythropoiesis. AB - We report experiments to determine the availability for new hemoglobin production of radioiron from nonviable red cells at various times after deposition in the reticulo-endothelial system and to determine the relative availability of radioiron derived from hemolysates versus that derived from nonviable red cells. When heated nonviable red cells labeled with 59Fe are injected into polycythemic mice the iron is deposited in the reticulo-endothelial system, and less than 1% of it is reutilized for hemoglobin synthesis. If the polycythemic mice are given nonviable red cells 48 hours after exposure to hypoxia, when hemoglobin synthesis is maximal, 25% of the iron is reutilized. When the cells are given 36 hr after exposure to hypoxia, iron reutilization declines to 16%, and when exposure to hypoxia is further delayed, reutilization of the iron falls to a plateau level of 11%. Radioiron from hemolysates, primarily deposited in parenchymal cells of the liver, is less available for new hemoglobin synthesis than is radioiron from nonviable red cells, which is primarily deposited in Kupffer cells of the liver. When transferrin-bound iron is given to polycythemic mice, this iron is also deposited in parenchymal cells of the liver and is also less available for new hemoglobin synthesis. Thus, in relation to an erythropoietic stimulus, the site and time of deposition of iron influence its accessibility for erythropoiesis. PMID- 1250862 TI - Pyrogen from mouse macrophages causes fever in mice. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages, after phagocytosis, release an endogenous (leucocyte) pyrogen. Intravenous injection of stimulated cell culture supernatant produces a prompt, monophasic fever in mice maintained in a 35 degree environment. The pyrogen is distinct from endotoxin, and resembles cell pyrogens of other species in heat-lability and pronase sensitivity. Human leucocyte pyrogen produces identical responses in mice. Measurement of fever in mice appears to provide a sensitive biological assay for endogenous pyrogens. PMID- 1250863 TI - Treponeme outer envelope: chemical analysis. AB - The chemical composition of the outer envelope (OE) of Treponema phagedenis biovar Kazan 5 was investigated. After cultivation in a lipid-defined medium, the OE was removed from the cells with 0.7 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The solubilized OE was reaggregated by dialysis against 20 mM MgCl2, washed, lyophilized, and subjected to chemical analysis. The average yield of OE was 14.6% of the whole cell (WC) dry weight. The magnesium content was 0.683 mug/mg OE. Peptidoglycan components such as muramic acid and ornithine were detected in the WC but not in the OE, and diaminopimelic acid was absent in both WC and OE. The OE contained protein (60-73%), carbohydrate (1-2%), and lipid (4-5%), primarily polar lipid. The major polar lipids were monogalactosyldiglyceride (43%) and phospholipid (57%), of which phosphatidylcholine was the main phospholipid component, with phosphatidylethanolamine present in lesser amounts. PMID- 1250864 TI - Effect of quality and quantity of dietary fat and dimethylhydrazine in colon carcinogenesis in rats. AB - The effect, quality, and quantity of dietary fat on colon tumor induction by DMH were studied in rats exposed to a given regimen for two generations prior to treatment with DMH. Animals fed a 20% corn oil or 20% lard and treated with DMH had a higher incidence of colonic tumors than did rats fed a 5% corn oil, 5% lard or Purina lab chow and treated similarly. The quality of fat had no major difference on the incidence of colonic tumors. PMID- 1250865 TI - Influence of serum albumin on the fertilizing ability in vitro of rat spermatozoa. AB - Under defined conditions, in the presence of 10 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin, cauda epididymal rat spermatozoa displayed vigorous motility, and a high proportion (81%) of eggs were fertilized. In contrast, no fertilization was observed after omission of albumin, or replacement of the protein by 10 mg/ml of cytochrome c, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 5 mg/ml of ribonuclease. However, high motility occurred in suspensions containing 3 x 10(6) spermatozoa/0.1 ml of medium with cytochrome c, beta-globulin, or gamma-globulin. In medium with 1 mg/ml of ovalbumin, 7% (2/29) eggs were fertilized. Use of defatted albumin resulted in a higher rate of fertilization than unmodified albumin (87 vs 70%), and this difference approached statistical significance. No fertilization was obtained in the presence of albumin presaturated with cholesterol. These results suggest that: (a) rat sperm cells failed to capacitate in the absence of albumin; (b) the protein exerted more than a nonspecific macromolecular effect; and (c) lipids associated with albumin may modify its ability to promote sperm capacitation. PMID- 1250866 TI - Species-specific hypoglycemic activity of triphenylphosphoranylideneacetophenones. AB - The species-specific hypoglycemic activity of two 2 triphenylphosphoranylideneacetophenones is described. 2 Triphenylphosphoranylideneacetophenone (SK&F 45359) and 2 triphenylphosphoranylidene-m-trifluoromethyl-acetophenone (SK&F 62775) were hypoglycemic in various rat models, but failed to exhibit hypoglycemic activity in other species. PMID- 1250867 TI - Fibrin clot retraction by human skin fibroblasts: effects of ADP and thrombin. AB - Thrombin stimulated human skin fibroblasts to retract fibrin clots. When Bothrops marajoensis thrombinlike enzyme was substituted for thrombin, no retraction occurred. Fibroblasts were found to contain 12 nmole of ATP and 3.6 nmole of ADP/mg of protein, a value closely resembling that of nonmetabolic adenine nucleotides in platelets. Thrombin caused neither release of adenine nucleotides from the suspension of fibroblasts harvested enzymatically nor did addition of ADP stimulate fibroblasts to retract fibrin clots. PMID- 1250868 TI - Effect of paraquat-induced lung damage on permeability of rat lung to drugs. AB - To investigate the effect of paraquat-induced lung damage on pulmonary absorption of drugs, rats were given a single oral dose of paraquat (250 mg/kg), and rates of drug absorption from damaged and control lungs were compared after various times. To measure absorption rates of drugs, 0.1 ml of 10 mM drug solution was administered through a tracheal cannula to anesthetized animals and, after various times, lungs were assayed for unabsorbed compound. Drugs investigated were procaine amide ethobromide, p-aminohippuric acid, and procaine amide. Rates of drug absorption increased 1.4-2.8-fold at 3.5 days after paraquat administration and returned to near control values by the 15th day. The results suggest that paraquat-induced lung damage increases the porosity of the pulmonary epithelium. PMID- 1250869 TI - In vivo inhibition of cholesterol uptake in rabbit aortas by 7-ketocholesterol. AB - The iv injection of 7-ketocholesterol into rabbits, made soluble by combining with bile salts, inhibited cholesterol uptake by the aorta. However, the inhibition was not as marked or as uniform as previously demonstrated in in vitro experiments. This difference may have been the result of lower plasma concentrations of 7-ketocholesterol in the injected animals. Gastric feeding of 7 ketocholesterol failed to inhibit aortic cholesterol uptake, probably because of inadequate plasma concentrations of the inhibitory steroid. The results suggest that the mechanism of 7-ketocholesterol on aortic cholesterol uptake is through competitive inhibition. PMID- 1250870 TI - Interferon and neutralizing antibody in sera of exercised mice with coxsackievirus B-3 myocarditis. AB - Weanling ICR albino Swiss mice were inoculated ip with 1.9 x 10(4) PFU of coxsackievirus B-3 (Nancy) and subsequently forced to swim vigorously daily in a preheated pool (33 degrees). Viremias and virus in hearts of exercised mice were respectively 75 x 1000 x greater than in infected, but not exercised mice. At 24 hr after inoculation, pooled serum from mice that had been swum had no circulating interferon, while infected but not swum mice had interferon activity at a dilution of 1:10. At 72 hr after infection, circulating interferon disappeared from infected (not swum) mice, but continued to be present in high titers through the sixth day in sucklings forced to swim. Interferon was first detected in the hearts of both groups at 48 hr. Quantities in both infected groups were generally similar. Neutralizing antibodies were found in these baby mice on the 13th day of infection and were 16 x greater in nurslings that were not exercised. Measures of corticosterone taken at 4 PM daily were similar in infected, infected-swum, and uninfected mice. PMID- 1250871 TI - Comparative cardiovascular effects of propranolol and practolol in puppies. AB - The present results indicate that in 3-4-weeks-old puppies propranolol induces a significant depression of cardiovascular function expressed by a decrease in heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance, in doses beyond beta-blocking levels. In contrast, practolol, in the same dose range, did not induce further cardio-circulatory depression, as shown by levels of heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output similar to the values obtained with beta-blocking doses of this agent. The cardio-depressant activity observed in puppies with doses of propranolol beyond blocking levels is thought to be due to direct negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of this agent, not related to influences on beta receptor sites. Such effect not observed with practolol at doses well beyond beta-blocking levels suggests that this drug exerts a more selective influence on cardiac sympathetic beta receptors. PMID- 1250872 TI - Plasma concentrations of connective tissue compounds: I. the effect of uterine involution. AB - The information obtained in a prospective study of plasma concentrations of connective tissue components during the third trimester of pregnancy, 4 days, and again at 6 weeks postpartum, suggests that the increased concentrations of plasma protein-hydroxyproline (hypro-protein), free proline, and GAG are associated with increased rate of hydrolysis of extraskeletal connective tissue components. PMID- 1250873 TI - Effect of low calorie diet on the hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and life span of genetically obese rats. AB - A new strain of genetically obese rat recently obtained in our laboratory exhibits endogenous hyperlipidemia (marked hypertriglyceridemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia) and spontaneous hypertension. The animals die prematurely from kidney failure or from the complications of atherosclerosis. A low calorie diet proved to be highly beneficial to these rats. Body weight declined, obesity diminished, the hypertriglyceridemia was almost eliminated, and the hypercholesterolemia was reduced. However, the hypertensive state was not alleviated. Since the life span of the rats was greatly prolonged by a low calorie diet, the latter undoubtedly served to prevent or arrest the development of renal and vascular disease in these obese animals. PMID- 1250874 TI - Effects of glucagon on gluconeogenesis from lactate and propionate in the perfused rat liver. AB - Quinolinic acid (Q.A.) which inhibits gluconeogenesis at the site of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) synthesis, reduced the content of PEP while elevating that of aspartate and malate in rat livers perfused with a medium containing 10 mM L-lactate. Glucagon at 10(-9) M did not affect Q.A. inhibition of lactate gluconeogenesis nor the depression of PEP level, but further elevated malate and aspartate accumulation. Exogenous butyrate had the same effect as glucagon on these parameters. Butylmalonate (BM), an inhibitor of mitochondrial malate transport, inhibited lactate and propionate gluconeogenesis to similar extents. The addition of 10(-9) M glucagon had no effect on BM inhibition of lactate gluconeogenesis, but almost completely reversed BM inhibition of propionate gluconeogenesis. These results suggest that glucagon may act on at least two sites, resulting in elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis. First, it may stimulate dicarboxylic acid synthesis (malate and oxaloacetate, specifically) through activation of pyruvate carboxylation. Secondly, it may stimulate synthesis of other dicarboxylic acids (fumarate, for example) by activating certain steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The stimulatory effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver is well documented (1, 2). Exton et al., who earlier located the site of stimulation between pyruvate and PEP synthesis (3), proposed that glucagon stimulated PEP synthesis in the perfused rat liver (4), while reports from Williamson et al. (5) suggested the pyruvate carboxylase reaction as the site of glucagon action. Stimulation at sites above PEP formation and of portions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (4) by glucagon have also been suggested (6). In the present experiments, we have used substrates entering at different parts of the gluconeogenic pathway, and specific inhibitors to further resolve the action of glucagon. PMID- 1250875 TI - Effects of synthetic single- and multistranded polynucleotides on human monocyte IgG receptor activity in vitro. AB - Human peripheral monocytes demonstrated a higher IgG receptor activity in vitro after incubation with multistranded polynucleotides (poly(I:C) and poly(I:C:U)) after 6-hr cultivation periods. These changes were most pronounced using SRBC coated with low anti-Forssman antibody concentrations (EA, 1:1600 and 1:6400). Polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids failed to show changes in receptor activity. These findings suggest monocyte activation in vitro by multistranded polynucleotides and may in part explain their antitumor activity. PMID- 1250876 TI - Plasma zinc levels in nephrectomized and ureteral ligated rats. AB - The effect of nephrectomy and ureteral ligation on the plasma zinc levels of zinc supplemented and unsupplemented rats was studied. Bilateral nephrectomy, and to a greater extent bilateral ureteral ligation, resulted in a significant lowering of plasma zinc in the unsupplemented rats. Sham operation caused a lesser but significant lowering of plasma zinc which was not different from the effect of unilateral nephrectomy or unilateral ureteral ligation. Adding zinc to the drinking fluid of the bilateral nephrectomized rats raised their plasma zinc levels to that of sham-operated controls, but had no effect on the plasma zinc levels of the bilateral ureteral-ligated rats. PMID- 1250877 TI - Blood pressure of rats as affected by diet and concentration of NaCl in drinking water. AB - In the first experiment, weanling rats were fed a grain ration or one of three semipurified diets high in fat, sucrose, or cornstarch. Rats in each dietary group were divided into two subgroups, one of which drank distilled deionized water whereas the other group drank 2% NaCl solution. Blood pressure and sodium intake were individually measured for each rat at weekly intervals for a 10-week period. Rats receiving the salt solution had higher mean blood pressures (127-178 mmHg) than rats offered distilled water (108-127 mmHg). When drinking solutions were the same, more severe rises in blood pressure occurred in rats fed the semipurified diets than in those rats fed grain. In a second experiment, rats were fed one of the four diets used in the first experiment; however, they received a 1% NaCl drinking solution for 9 weeks followed by a 1.5% NaCl solution for an additional 9 weeks. At Week 18, pressures among these groups of rats ranged from 136-140 mmHg, regardless of diet. PMID- 1250878 TI - Segregation of histone fractions from purified rat pancreas nuclei by isoelectric focusing. AB - The present report describes the purification of nuclei from rat pancreas and the use of isoelectric focusing for the segregation of histone fractions, a heterogeneous mixture with respect to charge. This procedure employs gels of 5% polyacrylamide as support matrices, in 6.25 M urea, and spans a pH range of 7.5 10.8. It was, therefore, found adequate for study of the microheterogeneity of histones. The banding pattern of histone fractions in pancreas development using electrofocusing is presented. PMID- 1250879 TI - Plasma corticoid levels during early postnatal life in calves. PMID- 1250880 TI - Chain elongation and desaturation of palmitic acid in liver microsomes of rats subjected to hyperbaric exposure. AB - The enzyme activities associated with chain elongation and desaturation of fatty acid in hepatic microsomes from rats held at 1 ATA of air, 1 ATA of He-O2, and 20 ATA of He-O2 were studied. It was found that both the microsomal chain elongation and desaturation of fatty acids were depressed in rats held at 1 ATA of He-O2 as compared to animals held at 1 ATA of air. When animals were exposed to an environment of 20 ATA of He-O2, the chain elongation of fatty acid was about the same as for rats held at 1 ATA of air and was two times greater than for the rats held at 1 ATA of He-O2. The desaturase activity was depressed as compared to the two groups of control animals held at 1 ATA of air and 1 ATA of He-O2. PMID- 1250881 TI - Ovarian dehydrogenase activities: suggested adrenal involvement in luteolysis. AB - Immature rat ovarian dehydrogenase activity was studied during corpus luteum regression following withdrawal of prior pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity declined to nontreatment levels whereas 6-phosphogluconate, malate, and isocitrate dehydrogenase dehydrogenases exhibited a partial return to normal. Adrenalectomy prior to PMS withdrawal enhanced the decline in MAD while sharply elevating G6PD and 20alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Corticosterone and progesterone prevented the G6PD changes induced by adrenalectomy and moderated the rise in 20alpha-OHSD. Adrenalectomy appears to enhance the process of luteolysis. PMID- 1250882 TI - The effect of dopamine on the electrically induced release of [3H]choline from rat striatal slices. PMID- 1250883 TI - Free gracilis muscle transplantation, with microneurovascular anastomoses for the treatment of facial paralysis. A preliminary report. AB - A clinical operative technique for free muscle transplantation by microneurovascular anastomoses is presented. Two cases of free transfer of the gracilis muscle for dynamic reconstruction of facial paralysis are described, including a follow-up study with electromyography, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. We feel this new technique will have a wide range of application in reconstructive surgery. PMID- 1250884 TI - Retrospective cephalometric analysis of mandibular bone absorption under silicone rubber chin implants. AB - A longitudinal study was conducted on 85 patients who received silicone rubber implants to the chin. Over half of these patients were found to have some absorption of the bone beneath the implants, and much other information was obtained. There were no concomitant changes in the soft tissue profile in the patients who demonstrated bone absorption under their implants. It appeared that the bone absorption was less when the implant was placed over the hard bone of the lower part of the mandible, rather than higher or over alveolar bone. PMID- 1250885 TI - Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy for cancer. AB - Seventeen women who had had a mastectomy for cancer of the breast underwent reconstructions. Alloplastic implants were used in all. Preservation of the nipple and areola was possible in some of these patients. The normal (or uninvolved) breast sometimes required reduction in size or reshaping, to match as nearly as possible the reconstructed breast. The conditions suitable and unsuitable for mammary reconstruction, after mastectomy for cancer, are discussed. PMID- 1250886 TI - The use of soluble steroids within inflatable breast prostheses. AB - A cortisone derivative (Solumedrol, Upjohn) has been added to the saline used to fill inflatable breast prostheses. In the experimental laboratory this drug passed slowly through the silicone rubber bag into a surrounding solvent. Clinically, this use has been evaluated in 100 cases of augmentation mammaplasty, with no evidence of wound complications attributable to the steroid. The influence of significant capsule formation (or "hardness") was less than 5 percent in this series. PMID- 1250887 TI - Reconstruction of mammary hypoplasma associated with chest wall deformities. AB - Three young women who had significant unilateral hypoplasia of the breast, accentuated by marked rib deformities and hypoplasia of the pectoralis muscle, were treated by two-staged reconstructions. A custom-made chest wall implant and a breast prosthesis were used. In the absence of cardiorespiratory compromise, these are simpler operations than rib osteoplasties and the cosmetic result is better. PMID- 1250888 TI - Replantation of severed ear parts. AB - We have used a technique whereby a severed ear part is sutured back into place on "shaved" areas on the medical surface of the remaining ear and on the corresponding retroauricular area. After 4 to 6 weeks, the ears are freed and the raw surfaces are skin grafted. We think that replantation of severed ear parts is justifiable, and we recommend this method whereby the supply of blood vessels is increased. PMID- 1250889 TI - The re-do pharyngeal flap. AB - Twelve patients with persistent hypernasal speech after a previous pharyngeal flap operation had a second pharyngeal flap operation performed by the high attached technique. Six of them achieved complete or near complete correction of hypernasality in connected speech. Four showed speech improvement of a lesser degree. Two patients had no significant improvement. PMID- 1250890 TI - Use of extensor pollicis longus tendon as a distal extension for an opponens transfer. AB - We describe the use of the extensor pollicis longus tendon as an extension of the motor unit in an opponens transfer. Its advantages, and its successful application in 4 cases, are illustrated. To the best of our knowledge, this method has not been described before. We believe it to be a satisfactory addition to the other methods described. PMID- 1250891 TI - A scanning electron microscopy study of micro-arterial damage and repair. AB - The effects of microvascular clamps on the femoral vessels of rats were studied, using the SEM. The early changes observed were (1) local fusiform dilatation of the area secondary to necrosis of the muscular wall, (2) flattening of the longitudinal ridges in the endothelial (3) loss of laminar flow, (4) endothelial sloughing, (5) platelet aggregation, and (6) leukocyte adherence and diapedesis. The repair of the endothelium occurred by an early replication of the adjacent undamaged endothelial cells -- with their subsequent migration across a platelet bed. The coverage was complete in one week, although reorientation of the neo endothelial cells took longer. On the basis of this study and our clinical experience, we think the ideal microvascular clamp would possess the following characteristics: small size, light weight, mechanical simplicity, flat jaws (one to two mm in diameter) coated with a non-slip surface, and calibrated to produce a pressure less than 30 gm per mm2. In addition the clamp should be unaffected by blood, autoclaving, or repeated use. No such clamp is commercially available now, but we hope that one will be available in the near future. PMID- 1250892 TI - Cell size and growth characteristics of cultured fibroblasts isolated from normal and keloid tissue. AB - No differences in appearance or in cell size distribution were observed between cultured fibroblasts derived from normal skin, mature scars, or keloids. Artifactual differences in cell size distributions between strains can result when populations are compared at different cell densities. Keloid derived fibroblasts remain euploid in culture, and they have the same growth rate and same degree of density-dependent growth inhibition as cultured normal human fibroblasts. PMID- 1250893 TI - Editorial: On breast reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer. PMID- 1250894 TI - Letter: Another view of the "regional surgeon" concept. PMID- 1250895 TI - Letter: On nasal tip projection. PMID- 1250896 TI - On the occurrence of blindness in association with blepharoplasty. PMID- 1250897 TI - Congenital urethral fistula. Case reports. AB - Two new cases of congenital urethral fistula are reported, and the literature on the subject is reviewed. The embryology is discussed and applied to the recorded examples of the abnormality in an attempt to understand the mechanism of their formation. PMID- 1250898 TI - Nasolabial cyst. Case report. AB - We present a case of nasolabial cyst. The clinical and histological aspects are discussed and a new concept of the embryology of the nasolabial cyst in described. PMID- 1250899 TI - Sideburn relationship in the male face lift. AB - The importance of preserving the non-hairbearing preauricular skin in a male face life is described and illustrated. PMID- 1250900 TI - The "crown" excision of facial skin lesions. AB - We present a method for local excision of facial skin lesions adjacent to the esthetic boundaries of the face. PMID- 1250901 TI - More accurate removal of the hump in rhinoplasty. AB - We present a technique to help remove the precise amount of nasal hump at exactly the previously determined level. PMID- 1250902 TI - [Proposals concerning the conduct of clinical assays of psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 1250903 TI - [Predicting the psychotropic properties of new drugs on the basis of drug screening in animals]. PMID- 1250904 TI - [Coercive commitment of mentally ill to a psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 1250905 TI - [Problem of escapees from psychiatric wards]. PMID- 1250906 TI - [Proposed text of the Mental Health Protective Act]. PMID- 1250907 TI - [Training of clinical psychologists employed by psychiatric hospitals]. PMID- 1250908 TI - [Letter: Psychiatry Week as a form of psychiatric health education]. PMID- 1250910 TI - Notes on the study of the creative process. PMID- 1250909 TI - Emotion in the language of action. PMID- 1250911 TI - Psychoanalysis as a science: its present status and its future tasks. PMID- 1250913 TI - Promiscuity as a function of the mother-daughter relationship. PMID- 1250912 TI - Factorial structure of the death concern scale. PMID- 1250914 TI - Effects of haloperidol on aversive threshold of rats. PMID- 1250915 TI - Affective vs thinking disturbance related to left- vs right-sided brain functioning. PMID- 1250916 TI - Delay of information in paired-associate learning among incarcerated groups of sociopaths and heroin addicts. PMID- 1250917 TI - Strain differences in acquisition and extinction of fear responses in rats. PMID- 1250918 TI - Usefulness of situation-specific trait and state measures of anxiety. PMID- 1250919 TI - Preferred versus nonpreferred treatment and self-control training versus determination raising as treatments of obesity: a pilot study. PMID- 1250920 TI - Adolescent drug use: an analysis. PMID- 1250921 TI - Self-monitoring in the treatment of nose squeezing and daydreaming. PMID- 1250922 TI - Personality and behavioral correlates of cigarette smoking: one-year follow-up. PMID- 1250923 TI - Effects of verbal learning on reproduction of visually perceived forms as a function of instructions, delay of reproduction, and age. PMID- 1250924 TI - Feelings of internal control, grade point average and social action participation. PMID- 1250925 TI - Are "fat-girls" more hypnotically susceptible? PMID- 1250926 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine on fear-motivated behavior, urinary cortisol, urinary volume and heart rate in the dog. PMID- 1250927 TI - A step-system treatment milieu and discharges from a chronic schizophrenic ward. PMID- 1250928 TI - Effect of discriminative cues and time interval on tolerance of pain as a measure of fear. PMID- 1250929 TI - Personality correlates of polydrug abuse. PMID- 1250931 TI - Physiological arousal, affect and interpersonal attraction. PMID- 1250930 TI - WISC subtest patterns of delinquent female retardates. PMID- 1250932 TI - Confidence in personality assessment. PMID- 1250933 TI - Attitude changes in alcoholics following hospitalization. PMID- 1250934 TI - Effects of depression and target status on aggressive responding. PMID- 1250935 TI - A search for correlates of belief in ESP. PMID- 1250936 TI - Conflicts in values and attitudes between parents of symptomatic and normal children. PMID- 1250937 TI - The selective utilization of information in the optic array. PMID- 1250939 TI - The structure of haptic space in the blind and sighted. PMID- 1250938 TI - Phases in movement after-effects and their relationship to the kinetic figural effect. Adaptation and conditioning processes. PMID- 1250940 TI - [Sources of mutual masking of tactile presented letters: interruption, summation or delay?]. PMID- 1250941 TI - The effect of chronic self-administration of d-amphetamine on food intake, locomotor activity, and C14-leucine incorporation into cerebral cortex protein. AB - Rats had free access to 0.02% d-amphetamine solution instead of water for 23 days. The daily amphetamine consumption was found to increase from 16 mg/kg on day 1 up to 47 mg/kg on day 23. Tolerance to the anorexic effect of the drug was apparent on day 11. The initial depression in body weight persisted throughout the experiment. The hyperactivity of rats remained at the same level despite the daily increase in amphetamine intake. The incorporation of C14-leucine into cerebral cortex proteins was initially increased and returned to control level after 2 weeks of treatment. No direct correlation between hyperactivity and brain cortex protein synthesis was observed. PMID- 1250942 TI - Effect of morphine antagonists on drug-induced hypothermia in mice and rats. AB - Since it has been reported that the narcotic antagonist analgesic, cyclazocine, has thymoleptic activity in man, certain neuropharmacological properties of this compound have been retrospectively analysed in rodents using diprenorphine, naloxone and RX 336-X 336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno 1',2',8',14 codeinone) as reference narcotic antagonists and morphine, desmethylimipramine and d-amphetamine as standard psychotropic agents. From interactional studies with alpha-methylparatyrosine (alpha-MT) in rats, and apomorphine, oxotremorine or reserpine in mice, the calorigenic activities of each compound were compared. Diprenorphine, naloxone and morphine (each at doses ranging from 1-30 mg/kg, s.c.) had no significant calorigenic effect in any test. Evidence of potential antidepressant activity for cyclazocine was based on a high dose (30 mg/kg, s.c.) preventing the development of reserpine-induced hypothermia. RX 336-M (0.5-16 mg/kg, s.c.) reversed established hypothermia in the reserpine and alpha-MT tests. Since this calorigenic action was not antagonised by naloxone it was concluded that narcotic receptors were probably not involved in the mediation of the effect. Although RX 336-M resembled desmethylimipramine and d-amphetamine in the reserpine (reversal) and apomorphine tests, contrasting data from the reserpine (prevention), oxotremorine and alpha MT tests indicated possible psychotropic activity based on different neurochemical mechanisms. PMID- 1250943 TI - Pre-trial cocaine and performance in rat. AB - Cocaine injected pre-trial (10 mg/kg i.p.) improves performance in naive and high performance (HP) and low-performance (LP) trained rats. When the effect of cocaine is removed, the number of conditioned responses decreases and equals that of drugless sessions. Cocaine favors only performance, not retention. PMID- 1250944 TI - Current determination of lithium-induced minimum sodium requirement in rats. AB - Lithium administration raises the minimum sodium requirement of the organism. Lithium treated-rats drink spontaneously a hypertonic sodium chloride solution and thereby protect themselves against the toxic effects of lithium. In the present paper it was studied whether the consumption of sodium chloride can be used as a quantitative measure of the sodium requirement. Rats given different amounts of lithium with food for about 2 months were given free access to water and a 0.46 M NaCl solution, and the 24-h intake of the latter was followed. It was found that the consumption of hypertonic sodium chloride increased with the lithium dosage and the serum lithium level. The consumption showed the following characteristics: (a) It was sufficient to prevent death from lithium poisoning. (b) When access to hypertonic chloride was discontinued for 48 h, the rats lost body weight; the body weight was reestablished within 1 h when the rats again had access to sodium chloride solution. (c) When sufficient amounts of sodium were given with the food, the lithium-treated rats drank no more sodium chloride solution than did the control rats. (d) When lithium administration was discontinued, the consumption of sodium chloride solution fell within 10 days to the control level. (e) The lithium-treated rats developed polyuria, but this was not the cause of the extra intake of sodium chloride. (f) The lithium-treated rats did not drink more of the hypertonic sodium chloride solution than was necessary to cover the minimum sodium requirement. The results indicate that the intake of hypertonic sodium chloride solution can, in fact, be used as a measure of the minimum sodium requirement in lithium-treated rats. PMID- 1250945 TI - Evaluation of the psychotropic effect of etifoxine through pursuit rotor performance and GSR. AB - Six volunteer normal subjects, aged 18-25 years, were selected from a university student population to compare the psychotropic effects of Etifoxine, d amphetamine and placebo. All of them received Etifoxine 300 mg, d-amphetamine 5 mg and placebo in a double-blind randomly crossover design involving a single dose weekly. The criteria studied were the GSR and performance on the pursuit rotor. The subjects were tested before (TO), 2 (T2) and 6 (T6) hrs after drug administration. At T2, both the GSR and pursuit-rotor performance obtained with each drug differed significantly from placebo, but not between drugs. The effects of Etifoxine were similar to those of d-amphetamine in reducing the GSR and improving pursuit-rotor performance. PMID- 1250946 TI - The relative effectiveness of fast neutrons in creating stable free radicals. PMID- 1250947 TI - Pulse radiolysis studies of electron-transfer reaction in molecules of biological interest. II. The reduction of Cu(II)-peptide complexes. PMID- 1250948 TI - Interaction of the radiosensitizer paranitroacetophenone with radiation-induced radicals on nucleic acid components. PMID- 1250949 TI - Chemical and conformational studies of gamma-irradiated solid lysozyme. PMID- 1250950 TI - The involvement of aromatic amino acids in biological activity of bovine fibrinogen as assessed by gamma-irradiation. PMID- 1250951 TI - Effects of x-radiation and urethane on survival and tumor induction in three strains of rats. PMID- 1250952 TI - Radiosensitivity studies with woody plants. III. Predictions of limits of probable acute and chronic LD50 values from lognormal distributions of interphase chromosome volumes in gymnosperms. PMID- 1250953 TI - Effects of x-irradiation on liver RNA metabolism in specifically shielded rats. PMID- 1250954 TI - The effect of N-ethylmaleimide on the response to x rays of synchronized HeLa cells. PMID- 1250955 TI - Late changes in the irradiated microvasculature: an electron microscope study of the effects of fission neutrons. PMID- 1250956 TI - Direct measurement of the effect of film miniaturization on diagnostic accuracy. AB - A method for directly measuring the reduction in diagnostic accuracy incurred by altering original radiographs was applied to evaluate a 35 mm film system. A total of 4,290 readings of 2,145 proved cases were collected. Analysis of the results indicate that the 35 mm system reduced diagnostic accuracy by about 2.3% +/- 2.4% at a 95% confidence level. The same method can be used to evaluate other photographic reduction systems, television displays, enhancement schemes, or even the importance of clinical data in roentgenographic interpretation. PMID- 1250957 TI - Cardiac rotation in left lower lobe collapse. "The flat waist sign". AB - Some cases of left lower lobe collapse show slight right anterior oblique rotation of the heart, manifested by loss of the concavity of the left heart border on a perfectly symmetrical posterior-anterior or anterior-posterior projection. This is a useful differential diagnostic sign, because it is not present when the left lower lobe is compressed secondary to left upper lobe emphysema. PMID- 1250958 TI - Lobar consolidation in pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1250959 TI - Spontaneous closure of traumatic arteriovenous fistula. AB - A case of spontaneous closure of traumatic arteriovenous fistula with large false aneurysm is reported. The diagnosis was proved by follow-up angiographic study. The closure of the aneurysm is explained by thrombosis followed by fibrosis with occlusion at the venous orifice. PMID- 1250960 TI - Tuberculosis of the colon simulating carcinoma. AB - A case of tuberculosis mimicking carcinoma in the distal colon is reported. The difficulty in diagnosing a solitary tuberculous colonic lesion, a review of the literature, and a differential diagnosis are presented. PMID- 1250961 TI - The normal endoscopic pancreatogram. AB - Pancreatograms of 102 patients with proved normal pancreatic status were reviewed to establish normal standards of pancreatic ductal morphology, and precise details of ductal course, position, length, caliber, and variant anatomy were analyzed. The ampulla was found at the level of the second lumbar vertebra in 75% of cases, while the pancreatic duct crossed the spine at L1 in most cases. Mean ductal diameters were 3.1, 2.0 and 0.9 mm in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, respectively. PMID- 1250962 TI - Slowing of hepatic blood flow by halothane: angiographic manifestations. AB - Extreme slowing of hepatic arterial flow occurred in 2 children who had angiographic examination under general anethesia with halothane. The incidence of this striking angiographic "halothane effect" was 32%. It was thought to be caused by a specific increase in hepatic vasomotor tone at the arterial, sinusoidal or venous level. The functional significance of the effect is unclear and its role in the production of hepatic dysfunction or massive hepatic necrosis is conjectural. No untoward effects were noted in our patients. PMID- 1250963 TI - Segmental renal vein sampling for renin. AB - Segmental renal vein sampling was performed in 25 hypertensive patients. In those with no arteriographic abnormalities or stenosis of only the main renal artery, renin levels from segmental veins were the same as those from the ipsilateral main renal vein. In patients with an infarction of a renal segment or stenosis of a segmental renal artery, the renin level from the corresponding segmental vein was often much higher than that from the main renal vein. Segmental vein sampling may reveal a significant source of renin production not apparent in samples from the main renal vein. PMID- 1250964 TI - Subchondral resorption of bone in renal osteodystrophy. AB - In a radiographic-pathologic study of the spine and several axial joints in a cadaver with renal osteodystrophy, subchondral resorption of bone is described as an important mechanism of osseous abnormality. Widening and irregularity of the sacroilliac and sternoclavicular joints and symphysis pubis are related predominantly to trabecular destruction beneath cartilage surfaces, substitutive fibrosis, and new bone formation. Subperiosteal abnormalities at these locations produce juxta-articular erosions. The presence of osteitis fibrosa cystica about multiple Schmorl's nodes within the thoracic vertebral bodies suggests that subchondral resorption beneath the cartilage end-plates of the spine may be associated with disk protrusions and represents one further example of hyperparathyroid joint disease. PMID- 1250965 TI - A unified radiological approach to the detection of skeletal metastases. AB - Radiographic bone surveys and radionuclide images, the principal methods of detection of skeletal metastases, have traditionally been treated as separate entities. Since their interpretation is reltaed, we attempted to determine the practicability of a unified radiological approach which employs both methods. All consultation requests for "skeletal surveys" or bone scans were reviewed, and an appropriate examination was "tailored" for each patient. During the inital four month period, 141 patients were examined. Comparison of the final "tailored" examination with the original consultation request indicated that, without radiological guidance, excessive (18%), and inappropriate or inadequate (27%) examinations were ordered in many cases. The unified approach has proven to be feasible and desirable, resulting in a significant reduction of inappropriate examinations. PMID- 1250966 TI - The effect of angiography on the electrophysiological state of the spinal cord. A study in control and traumatized cats. AB - The tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and evoked cerebral potential (ECP) were used to evaluate the effects of aortic injections of Renografin- 76, saline, and a mixture of sodium and sucrose on the spinal cord in 7 control cats and 12 which were recovering from trauma. Results showed that Renografin-76 produced different toxic effects in control and traumatized spinal cords as measured by the TVR. The disappearance of either ECP or TVR following the Renografin injection in 4 cases exemplifies the enhanced risk of injecting angiographic materials into traumatized spinal cords during recovery. The TVR shows promise as an electrophsiological criterion of minimal toxic effects of angiographic contrast agents on the spinal cord. PMID- 1250967 TI - Air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus in epistaxis and nasal packing. AB - Air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus have been described in association with skull fracture, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and sinusitis. The authors have observed this sign in the absence of significant trauma in patients with epistaxis and nasal packing. The fluid is probably normal sinus secretion retained due to prolonged recumbency, although other explanations for its accumulation are discussed. PMID- 1250968 TI - The inclined lateral projection: a new view in temporal bone tomography. AB - Radiographic findings in the inclined lateral projection are presented. This view provides detail of the malleus and incus which is not provided on any other view and also preserves the visualization of temporal bone anatomy seen by routine lateral projection. The frequent occurrence of ossicular pathology in inflammatory and traumatic diseases of the ear requires the meticulous radiographic examination of the ossicles provided by this projection. Patient positioning is uncomplicated and comfortable. PMID- 1250969 TI - The sella turcica in Nelson's syndrome. AB - Abnormalities of the pituitary fossa were observed in 22 patients who were noted to have increased skin pigmentation after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome. Radiographs of the skull revealed sella abnormalities in 13 of the 22 patients. In the remaining 9, hypocycloidal tomography demonstrated sella abnormalities. In 8 of these 9, localized bulging involved the anterior inferior wall of the sella turcica; in 1, the posterior inferior region was involved. PMID- 1250970 TI - Persistent basilar/middle meningeal artery anastomosis. AB - Three cases of a basilar/middle meningeal artery anastomosis are demonstrated angiographically. No reference to previous angiographic demonstration of this vascular anomaly has been found in the literature, and only one similar case with an anatomical description has been located. An embryological explanation of this rare anastomosis is presented. PMID- 1250971 TI - Gallium-67 scintigraphy of pulmonary diseases as a complement to radiography. AB - Gallium chest scans of 575 patients were analyzed for their clinical usefulness in conjunction with chest radiographs. The series included patients with pulmonary carcinoma, lymphoma, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Gallum scintigraphy does not aid in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases but is helpful in determining (a) the degree of activity of a known disease process: (b) treatment response, dosage, and duration; (c) the spatial extent of the disease; and (d) the presence of unsuspected disease foci hidden radiographically in the mediastinum, behind the heart, or in pleural or parenchymal scars. PMID- 1250972 TI - Bilateral breast uptake of 99mTc polyphosphate in a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma. AB - Bilateral breast uptake of 99mTc polyphosphate was found in a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma from the rectum. The metastatic breast lesion showed no radiographic evidence of calcification. PMID- 1250973 TI - Radiological localization of the ampulla of Vater in an infant with duodenal atresia. AB - The authors describe an infant with a duodenal diaphragm in whom preoperative radiographs localized the ampulla of Vater within the medial wall of the diaphragm. This frequent close association must be kept in mind in order to avert surgical injury to this vital structure. PMID- 1250974 TI - Simultaneous echocardiographic recording of the semilunar valves in patients with normally related great arteries. AB - On the echocardiograms of 2 infants with normally related great arteries, both semilunar valves were recorded simultaneously, a finding previously thought to be specific for d-transposition of the great arteries. Neither patient had d transposition; in both cases the diagnosis was proved by cardiac catheterization. PMID- 1250975 TI - Ultrasonic cholangiography. Gray-scale B-scan evaluation of the common bile duct. AB - Gray-scale B-scanning permits evaluation of major portions of the bile ducts, especially those with significant dilatation. Injection of contrast material containing microscopic air bubbles through a T-tube with simultaneous ultrasonography detected multiple echoes filling in the previously echo-free area which represented the common bile duct, outlining both the duct and portions of the major tributaries. Reflections could be obtained from stones within the duct. Follow-up examinations after surgery could be used to demonstrate shrinkage of the duct. Jaundice due to extra- or intrahepatic obstruction was successfully differentiated noninvasively. PMID- 1250976 TI - Echographic evaluation of splenic injury after blunt trauma. AB - In a significant number of patients with blunt abdominal trauma, the diagnosis of ruptured spleen is not readily apparent. Is is in these cases that echographic evaluation appears to aid significantly in diagnosis. Seventy patients with blunt abdominal trauma were studied by echography. Results indicated 61 true negative cases, 1 false negative, 4 true positives, and 4 false positives. Criteria for splenic rutures are set forth. Ultrasound is considered to be an excellent screening procedure for suspected splenic rupture. PMID- 1250977 TI - B-mode ultrasonic evaluation of scrotal swellings. AB - Fourteen consecutive patients with scrotal swellings were examined to determine the feasibility of a B-scan examination. All 14 cases were correctly diagnosed prior to surgery, the majority being hydroceles. Four representative cases are offered, one of which was a hernia with air-filled intestine. PMID- 1250978 TI - Mammography of the definitively irradiated breast. AB - The role of mammography in evaluating tumor response was examined in 27 patients undergoing definitive radiation therapy for breast cancer. Radiographic changes observed after treatment included progressive skin thickening, fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, and breast retraction. The persistence of a mass more than six months after irradiation suggests treatment failure. Serial mammography may be particularly important in the evaluation of patients with locally advanced disease who require extensive radiation therapy and in whom physical examination is inadequate for the assessment of tumor response. PMID- 1250979 TI - Herpes zoster in children with stage I-III Hodgkin's disease. AB - Herpes zoster infection developed in 12 (52%) of 23 children with Stage I-III Hodgkin's disease but had no prognostic significance. Of these 23 patients, 22 are presently alive without evidence of active Hodgkin's disease. The authors conclude that a combination of factors is important in the high incidence of herpes zoster, including more aggressive staging as well as more aggressive irradiation and chemotherapy, and that the results in their series would seem to justify continuation of this approach to staging and treatment in such cases. PMID- 1250980 TI - Comparison of the image quality of 105mm film with conventional film. AB - The contrast, resolution, geometric, and motion unsharpness, mottle, and overall impression of 105mm film were compared to these quantities in conventional spot film. It is believed that conventional filming is superior for low contrast objects and cooperative patients whereas with uncooperative, obese patients, the 105mm filming modality would decrease motion unsharpness. PMID- 1250981 TI - Comparison of radiographic and optical magnification techniques for objects in arbitary orientations relative to the film plane. AB - Radiographic and optical magnification techniques for objects lying in planes at arbitrary angles with respect to the film plane are compared. It is shown that there is no significant advantage of one technique over the other with respect to the degree of magnification achieved. PMID- 1250982 TI - Repair of potentially lethal radiation damage in acute and chronically hypoxic tumor cells in vivo. AB - The ability of animal tumor cells to repair potentially lethat damage was studied in vivo. Fifth-generation isotransplants of a spontaneous mouse squamous-cell carcinoma were irradiated under tourniquet-induced hypoxia or in air. Tumors were removed either immediately or 6 hours after irradiation and dose-response curves were determined by TD50 assays. Repair was attributed to cells in the hypoxic cell component for animals irradiated in air. Extensive repair was also noted for those irradiated under typoxic conditions. Implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 1250983 TI - Predicting tomographic levels for urography. AB - Based on a retrospective and prospective analysis of more than 200 consecutive patients undergoing excretory urography, the authors formulated a chart for determing optimum tomographic levels using the anteroposterior abdominal distance as a criterion. the renal contour was visualized satisfactorily in 93% of cases. PMID- 1250984 TI - Knee arthrogram marker. PMID- 1250985 TI - A retractable, multi-view gas delivery apparatus. AB - The author described a radioxenon gas delivery apparatus which permits ventilation imaging of the lung in multiple positions during the rebreathing (equilbrium) phase following the administration of a single dose of tracer. A single, rapid check for gas leakage is outlined. This can be done before xenon is introduced into the system thus minimizing the chance of xenon escaping. The unit is suspended from the ceiling and retracts out of the way when not in use. A parts list is included. PMID- 1250986 TI - The routine use of graphic data handlers in a radiotherapy department. AB - Graphic data handlers are helpful in routine dosimetry. The authors describe a computer program using a graphic digitizer which facilitates determination of the equivalent square of an irregularly shaped field. The digitizer can also be used together with an incremental plotter to produce patterns by which Styrofoam molds can be cut for field-defining blocks. Both programs are designed to be used at a remote time-sharing computer station. PMID- 1250987 TI - Hypotomic cholangiography with glucagon. AB - Hypotonic cholangiography was performed with intravenous glucagon in 12 patients who demonstrated complete nonspecific obstruction of the distal common bile duct during postoperative T-tube or transhepatic cholanglography. In 8 cases (67%), a diagnostic result was obtained. Abolition of smooth-muscle spasm at the choledochal sphincter by glucagon-induced hypotonia appears to be a useful adjunct to roentgenography of the bile ducts. PMID- 1250988 TI - The Amster grid test in radiotherapy. AB - The author reports on the use of the Amster grid test to document and quantitate the results of radiation therapy. The test can be done by the patient at home and requires him to indicate on a piece of graph paper which lines appear distorted as he looks at the centered dot in the grid. It is rapid, inexpensive, and allows the therapist to compare various regimens and dosage schedules. PMID- 1250989 TI - An inexpensive photographic strip-chart recorder for use with a commercially available ultrasonic scanner. AB - A simple arrangement for producing strip-chart records using moving 70mm film and a commercially available motor-driven film magazine is described. The quality of the records is excellent and the cost is about $500. It is necessary to modify the ultrasonic B-mode scanner slightly by connecting the verticle deflection plates of the oscilloscope to one another through an on-off switch. PMID- 1250990 TI - A molded acrylic applicator guiding the peroral X-ray beam. AB - An intraoral acrylic mold technique to guide and maintain beam direction during oral roentgen therapy is described. It is used in combination with the treatment cone and a lead tube and protective diaphragm for collimation of the beam. PMID- 1250991 TI - A simple aid for catheterizing the left common carotid artery. PMID- 1250992 TI - Proper shielding method for dynamic vertex cranial imaging. AB - The shielding requirements for dynamic vertex cranial imaging with a scintillation camera have led to the development of a new shielding device which eliminates Compton scattered false counts by shielding both the camera detector and the cranium from extracranial activity and has proved to be effective and easy to use in actual clinical practice. PMID- 1250993 TI - Fluid restriction before excretory urography. AB - Despite a lack of hard evidence, many radiologists continue to support the use of fluid restriction before urography. Based on increasing the urinary contrast medium concentration, this has been shown to be a poor index for renal opacification. The usual overnight restriction produces no significant change in urine osmolality or opacification. Effective fluid restriction may produce a just detectable increase in pyelographic density but the nephrogram in unaffected, even by active hydration. Fluid restriction may occasionally result in inadvertent dehydration with serious or fatal reactions. Since it is ineffectual in improving the urogram and potentially hazardous, it should be abandoned. PMID- 1250994 TI - Nuclear imaging: a new dimension. AB - Tomographic techniques used in radiology have also found an application in nuclear medicine. Longtitudinal tomography blurs but does not eliminate structures outside the plane of interest. Transverse tomography eliminates out-of plane structures, making accurate imaging possible. Positron imaging devices are well suited for transverse tomography because of their high spatial resolution and depth-independent response, but devices using a scintillation camera can visualize large volumes and are not restricted to the use of positron emitters. PMID- 1250995 TI - Pulmonary videodensitometry in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung. AB - Pulmonary videodensitometry permits the detection of vascular pulsations of the lung caused by the incremental blood flow to the lung associated with systole. These pulsations may be diminished or absent in a segment of the lung affected by carcinoma. Of 46 patients evaluated, 12 had carcinoma. The technique is discussed and representative amplitude changes are demonstrated. This technique should prove useful in the detection of processes which alter the pulmonary vascular pulsations. PMID- 1250996 TI - Pseudopneumobilia. AB - Demonstration of a lucent tubular shadow projected over the liver on plain films of the abdomen would suggest air in the common hepatic and bile ducts. Occasionally, however, the normal periductal fat which surrounds and follows these ducts like a sleeve can simulate pneumobillia. Intravenous cholangiography should confirm the true nature of the entity. PMID- 1250997 TI - Lipoma of the diaphragm. Report of a case. AB - A lipoma of the diaphragm was found at surgery in a 69-year-old man. Postmortem examination offered an unusual opportunity for radiological/pathological correlation. Diaphragmatic lipomas are usually asymptomatic and present radiographically as smooth, rounded masses which generally arise from the posterolateral portion of one hemidiaphragm. They may appear less radiopaque than would be expected of a lesion that size. Certain features of this case suggest that the lipoma may have been the result of chest trauma. PMID- 1250998 TI - Evaluation of the gastrocolic space in 100 cases of acute pancreatitis. AB - The frequency of the main radiological signs found in plain films of the abdomen is presented in 100 cases of acute pancreatitis. The authors believe that this is the first statistical analysis of the gastrocolic separation sign. It is most useful to recognize the gastrocolic sign because of its high incidence (49%) and to understand the physio-pathological alterations that contribute to its formation. PMID- 1250999 TI - An evaluation of the Nissen fundoplication. AB - The characteristic radiological findings which follow a Nissen fundoplication are reviewed. The esophagus may be narrowed but is intrinsically normal. A pseudotumor at the medial aspect of the fundus is generally present. The history and radiographic findings can normally differentiate this defect from neoplasm or a nonoperated hiatal hernia. Postoperative clinical evaluation has shown this procedure to be very valuable in the amelioration of symptoms. PMID- 1251000 TI - Effects of some water-soluble contrast media on the colonic mucosa. AB - Enemas of various solutions were administered to rats to determine if Gastrografin was specifically irritating to the colonic mucosa. Gastrografin was found to cause considerably more inflammation than Hypaque-25, or barium sulfate. Further studies with hypertonic sorbitol, Renografin-76, and Tween 80 suggested that (a) neither hyperosmolality nor the diatrizoate compound itself were damaging to the colon, and (b) Tween 80 most likely plays a major role in Gastrografin's inflammatory effect. PMID- 1251001 TI - Hemobilia complicating needle liver biopsy. A case report with arteriographic demonstration. AB - Massive hemobilia secondary to a needle liver biopsy developed in a 16-year-old boy with Hodgkin's disease. Cholecystectomy and common bile duct drainage failed to control the condition and the patients bled massively; management of the hemobilia was effected with left hepatic artery ligation. A review of the literature is presented, with a brief discussion of the clinical picture, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition. PMID- 1251002 TI - Renal fascia in urinary tract disease. AB - The renal fascia is rarely detected on excretory urograms. When seen, it is usually associated with disease processes such as focal renal scarring, acute renal infection, renal calculi, and intrarenal and perirenal masses. In all cases of normal appearing kidneys with visualization of the renal fascia, undetected renal disease should be suspected. PMID- 1251003 TI - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy in the management of acute pyohydronephrosis. AB - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy using the posterolateral approach was employed together with antibiotics and other supportive therapy as the initial step in the treatment of acute pyohydronephrosis, with gratifying results. Percutaneous nephropyelostomy is recommended as the procedure of choice for this specific clinical emergency. PMID- 1251004 TI - Use of excretory urogram information in the solution of the renal cyst/tumor/cortical nodule problem. AB - A decision analysis was made of the choice of angiography or needle aspiration to solve the cyst/tumor/cortical nodule diagnostic problem. With a test panel of 43 proved cases, the urogram diagnoses and decisions made at the time of actual patient management were compared with those made by a radiologist viewing the test panel as unknowns. The test panel radiologist based his recommendations on his subjective probability estimates of the three diagnoses in each case. Results indicate that the use of subjective probabilities increases the frequency of specific diagnoses and decreases inappropriate choice of angiography or aspiration. PMID- 1251005 TI - Angiographic appearance of the renal vein in a case of fibromuscular dysplasia of the artery. AB - Renal venography was performed in a patient suffereing from hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery. The venogram revealed morphological changes in the renal veins similar to those seen in fibromuscular dysplasia of the arteries. Histological examination of the veins showed fibrosis of the medial wall layer. PMID- 1251006 TI - The incidence and clinical importance of hysterographic evidence of cavities in the uterine wall. AB - Filling of cavities in the uterine wall during hysterography was observed in 54 of 320 surgically excised specimens in which metal threads had been inserted at different levels for identification. Adenomyosis may have accounted for these cavities in 24%. Cavities secondary to adenomyosis in one part of the uterus coexisted when cavities not etiologically related to the disease in another part. Adenomyosis is generally not involved in the pathogenesis of cavities in the lower half of the uterus and does not account for cavities of more than 5 mm in diameter. PMID- 1251007 TI - Tuberculosis of the breast. AB - Tuberculosis of the breast is rare and very difficult to differentiate from breast cancer both clinically and radiologically. The authors summarize the clinical and radiographic characteristics of the disease on the basis of 6 cases. PMID- 1251008 TI - Periostitis and pseudoperiostitis. AB - Increased metabolic activity with the periosteum is demonstrated radiographically by the presence of a linear shadow of bone paralleling the cortex, most commonly reflecting increased osteoblastic activity and thus representing periosteal new bone. This is frequently seen in psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome. A similar picture occurs with increased osteoclastic activity and reflects rapid demineralization, simulating periostitis. This change must be recognized as a reflection of osteoporosis, lest the condition be misdiagnosed as inflammatory disease. PMID- 1251009 TI - Precise biopsy localization by computer tomography. AB - The ultimate accuracy of percutaneous needle aspiration and core biopsies is directly related to localization of pathology and of the needle tip. Localization methods currently in use include fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and angiography. The authors believe that localization by computed tomography is the single most accurate method for performing biopsies. PMID- 1251010 TI - Computer tomography: the "resolving" intracerebral hemorrhage. AB - Two patients with a total of 4 intracerebral hemorrhages were examined by serial computer tomography (CT) over a period of up to 6 months, revealing a progressive decrease in lesion volume and density which eventually became less than that of the surrounding brain tissue. These changes were interpreted as complete clot resorption with cystic residue. However, postmortem examination revealed residual hematomas with no evidence of recent bleeding. Three of these correspond in size to those noted on the initial CT scans. Intraparenchymal hemorrhages have stages of organization and resolution which may simulate normal brain density without significant volumetric alteration. PMID- 1251011 TI - Angiographic features of subdural empyema. AB - Subdural empyema, a relatively rare intracranial suppurative disease, is a surgical emergency and requires early diagnosis in order to ensure patient survival. Subdural empyema should be considered with one or a combination of the following in conjunction with an extracerebral collection: (a) an irregular border of the extracerebral collection; (b) a thickened vascular wall of dura; (c) a semilunar avascular zone on the lateral view; (d) spasm of the large arteries at the base of the brain with or without segmental arterial dilatation; (e) multiple peripheral arterial occlusions; and (f) enlargement of the anterior falx artery. Four verified cases are presented. PMID- 1251012 TI - Anomalous communication of the external carotid and vertebral arteries. Persistence of the proatlantal artery. AB - Persistence of the proatlantal artery is reported as a rare anomalous communication between the external carotid and vertebral arteries. The embryology of the anomaly is briefly discussed. PMID- 1251013 TI - Pontine arteries in brainstem glioma. AB - Five cases of brainstem tumor are presented. In each case, hypertrophied and stretched transpontine arteries could be identified in the Towne projection of the vertebral angiogram. The abnormal pontine vessels clearly indicated the transverse enlargement of the brainstem. The identification of enlarged transpontine arteries indicates a brainstem mass and helps to exclude extrinsic lesions even when confusing paradoxical vascular displacements are present. PMID- 1251014 TI - Adult arteriosclerotic moyamoya. AB - Progressive idiopathic distal internal carotid artery occlusion in children and young adults associated with the development of bridging channels and tortuous, plethoric intracerebral arterial networks has been termed moyamoya or Nishimoto's disease. It is now generally recognized that this unusual angiographic patten results from collateral supply pathways and is not a primary angiomatous process. The authors describe 2 middleaged patients with intracranial arteriosclerotic occlusive lesions demonstrating secondary collateral patterns angiographically identical to moyamoya. PMID- 1251015 TI - Percutaneous spinal cord puncture and myelocystography. Its role in the diagnosis and treatment of intramedullary neoplasms. AB - Three patients with cystic tumors of the cervical spinal cord were evaluated with percutaneous cord puncture and myelocystography. This procedure gives relief of symptoms and permits delineation of the extent and character of the cystic mass. PMID- 1251016 TI - Pulmonary distribution of an inhaled radioaerosol in obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Pulmonary distribution of an inhaled radioaerosol was analyzed in 20 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 8 of other OPD. Nonciliary/ciliary partition of the distribution correlated with the severity of airway obstruction and approximated 3:1 in mild and 1:3 in very severe obstruction. In nuclear images, the distribution featured contrast abnormalities of hyperdeposition and hypodeposition. Intense hyperdeposition most commonly occurred in hilar and perihilar large airways. In isolated instances, hyperdeposition almost certainly occurred focally at sites of partial bronchial obstruction and diffusely by expiratory trapping; hypodeposition occurred distally to bronchial obstruction and in areas of parenchymal loss. PMID- 1251017 TI - Duodenojejunal atresia with "apple-peel" small bowel. A distinct form of intestinal atresia. AB - Prenatal occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery results in a distinct type of distal duodenal or proximal jejunal atresia in which the dorsal mesentery is absent and the distal small bowel assumes a spiral configuration around its vascular stalk, strongly resembling an apple peel. In some instances the condition is transmitted genetically as an autosomal recessive disorder. The mortality rate is much higher than in either simple duodenal or jejunal atresia because of deficient collateral circulation to the small intestine. The authors tell of 2 patients who died of necrotizing enterocolitis, a disease related to vascular insufficiency. PMID- 1251018 TI - Radiographic features of colitis associated with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Four cases of colitis associated with the prodromal phase of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome are presented. Abnormalities demonstrable on barium enema examination consist of prominent filling defects, marginal serrations, and mucosal edema. Segmental bowel dilatation and areas of stenosis may also be present. Although nonspecific in itself, this appearance of the colon when correlated with the clinical history and peripheral blood smear should enable the radiologist to suggest the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 1251019 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the left vertical vein. A plain film sign useful in early diagnosis. AB - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the left vertical vein often may be recognized on the plain postero-anterior chest radiograph by the characteristic supracardiac shadow. This "snowman sign" is useful in older patients but rarely is apparent in infancy. In such young patients the authors have discovered a density anterior to the trachea on the lateral chest radiograph. This finding is present prior to the appearance of the snowman sign and should prove useful in the early diagnosis of this anomaly, facilitating prompt, appropriate treatment. Five representative cases are tabulated and developmental and clinical aspects are reviewed. PMID- 1251020 TI - Multicystic kidney: a sonographic pattern. AB - Preoperative B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 7 infants who subsequently were surgically proved to have multicystic kidney disease. Five of the 7 showed a characteristic pattern consisting of a predominantly cystic mass containing septa which divided it into cysts of varying sizes. It is concluded that ultrasound is a reliable method of detecting unilateral multicystic disease of the kidney. PMID- 1251021 TI - Massive edema of the ovary. AB - Ovarian edema is a newly recognized clinicopathologic entity. A case of massive ovarian edema is presented in which a huge abdominal mass was considered to be an ovarian cyst roentgenographically and clinically. However, ultrasound revealed the mass to be solid. Five previously reported cases in which ovarian edema simulated a fibroma are reviewed. PMID- 1251022 TI - Medial deviation of the ureters secondary to psoas muscle hypertrophy. AB - Bilateral medial deviation of mid and distal portions of the ureters can occur as a normal finding in patients with psoas muscle hypertrophy. Two groups of patients are presented, both composed of young, healthy males. In 13 patients, the distance between the ureters at the narrowest point averaged 3.7 cm. Psoas muscle hypertrophy was evident radiographically and confirmed by ultrasound. In 20 patients with normal psoas muscles, the average minimum distance between the ureters was 7.1 cm. The importance of this observation is to avoid overdiagnosis of retroperitoneal disease in this group of young, muscular men. The differential diagnosis and severe examples of this normal variant are presented. PMID- 1251023 TI - Changes in mouse blood pressure, tumor blood flow, and core and tumor temperatures following nembutal or urethane anesthesia. AB - Female CBA and WHT mice with tumors transplanted into the right leg were immobilized in insulated capsules. Tumor blood flow, blood pressure, and core and tumor temperatures were monitored prior to and during anesthesia with either Nembutal or urethane. Nembutal caused a 5 degree C drop in both core and tumor temperatures in 20 minutes. Urethane induced a small fall in temperatures. Urethane initially caused a small drop in blood pressure followed by recovery; Nembutal caused a steady fall in blood pressure to 50% of resting value. PMID- 1251024 TI - The effect of x-ray spectra from molybdenum and tungsten target tubes on image quality in mammography. AB - The measured x-ray spectra from a molybdenum anode Senographe mammography unit and a tungsten anode unit were used to calculate the x-ray energy spectra transmitted through various thicknesses of fat and water (breast-equivalent materials). The dependence of subject contrast and patient exposure on (a) x-ray spectra, (b) attenuation properties of two breast-equivalent materials, and (c) thickness of breast-equivalent material was predicted. Radiographs of resected breast tissue confirmed these predictions and demonstrated the general relative effects of x-ray beam quality on image contrast in mammography. PMID- 1251025 TI - An evaluation of screen-film speed characteristics. AB - The relative speeds of six commercially available screen-film combinations were evaluated. There is a nonlinear relationship throughout the kVp range between the calcium tungstate, barium strontium sulfate, and rare earth screens. The speed of the last two types falls off considerably at lower kVp levels. PMID- 1251026 TI - Performance evaluation of phototimers. AB - Phototimers detect x rays impinging on or emerging from an x-ray film cassette and terminate the exposure after a predetermined amount of radiation has been received by the film. A phototimer must provide reproducible film exposures over a wide range of target-to-film distances, patient thicknesses, and technique variables. A method is needed which verifies that the phototimer is functioning properly and identifies exposure techniques and practices which are compatible with its use. Several techniques are presented for evaluating phototimer performance, and data accumulated during application of these techniques to the use of three spot-film phototimers are presented. PMID- 1251027 TI - Compliance characteristics of angiographic guidewires. AB - Although the manufacturers' specifications may be identical, brands of widely employed straight, long-paper angiographic guidewires vary considerably in performance. Because guidewire flexibility is a key factor in performance, we investigated the characteristic compliance patterns of similar guidewires (using an apparatus of our own design) from four different manufacturers. The brands were found to differ significantly in compliance at the tip, in rate of change in compliance, and in overall length of taper. PMID- 1251028 TI - Percutaneous needle endoscopy of renal cysts. AB - Direct visualization of the interior of renal cysts by means of an endoscope inserted through an ultrasonically guided needle in the flank has been performed satisfactorily in 12 patients. Useful information was obtained in all cases. While the procedure is still experimental, it appears promising and worthy of further evaluation. PMID- 1251029 TI - A special treatment couch for irradiation of a large body volume. AB - A special treatment couch has been designed for deployment of a greatly extended treatment distance for irradiation of a large body volume, particularly an irregular one which requires shielding. The basic unit is a commercial hydraulic lift table to which an appropriate plywood top and small wheels were added. Its advantage is its capacity to transfer very ill and disabled patients quickly and safely from a wheelchair, portable hospital litter, or bed. PMID- 1251030 TI - Jugular venous reflux in cerebral radionuclide angiography. AB - Jugular venous reflux was observed in six routine cerebral radionuclide angiograms. Repeat studies during a Valsalva maneuver failed to reproduce the reflux. In one case the reflux appeared to be related to the arm position; but in the other five cases, the cause remains unknown. Such reflux may be mistaken for superior vena cava syndrome or asymmetric carotid blood flow. PMID- 1251031 TI - The cholangiography cassette tunnel. An aid in the rapid and efficient performance of intraoperative cholangiography. PMID- 1251032 TI - A simple method of femorocerebral catheterization. AB - A method of catheterizing the cerebral vessels by the femoral route which does not require seating the end hole prior to guide wire introduction has been devised. The orifice of the desired vessel can be localized fluoroscopically via contrast material injections without undue manipulation prior to guide wire introduction. PMID- 1251033 TI - How large the umbrella? AB - The move to McCormick Place invites a new look at the direction and expanding problems of the RSNA, not only in relation to size but to fundamental questions concerning roles, expectations and our ability to meet them. Although our exhibits, both scientific and technical, attest to our continued interest in and support of basic research and development, our major objective must continue to be the service of our community radiologists. To help us in this effort, many teachers give long hours of preparation and course work to the Meeting, sometimes at considerable loss of income. Should some return be made by the Society? Also, logistics have increased the burdens of the many committeeman who have given so much time and effort to see the Meeting through. A meeting manager should be appointed to relieve our members of some of these chores. PMID- 1251034 TI - Out of the frying pan into the fire? AB - During the last 10 years or so, many departments of therapeutic radiology have lost their medical and fiscal independence by administrative incorporation into "departments of oncology." The author feels that the aims of oncology centers, viz., consolidation of cancer-related activities, promotion of the image of a functioning cancer center, and the multidiscipline care of cancer patients, do not justify the radiotherapist's loss of identity within such a complex. PMID- 1251035 TI - The morphological principles of anorectal continence. AB - Anal continence is depending on the rectum, the anal skin, the external anal sphincter and the levator ani as well as the corpus spongiosum of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter. Continuous contraction of a sphincter without fatigue can only be accomplished by smooth muscles. The internal anal sphincter in man does not contain any ganglion cells. It differs from the gastro-intestinal tract by not containing the so-called p-fibres. This electron microscopic difference between the internal anal sphincter and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract can also be demonstrated pharmacologically. Cholinergic and adrenergic fibres will both produce contraction of the internal sphincter. Comparative anatomical studies also show the uniqueness of this sphincter. For instance in the kangaroo the internal anal sphincter is the main sphincter of the anus. The sphincter system, like all other systems, is unable to regenerate and is therefore more than adequately provided for. For instance continence will be maintained even when the greatest part of the ring musculature has to be divided in patients with high ano-rectal fistulae. PMID- 1251036 TI - Operations for the improvement of faecal incontinence. AB - Experiences and results are reported of Pickrell's gracilis sling transplantation in 30 cases. 24 cases could be followed up. In 21 of these there was definite improvement of continence. The favourable results are attributed to the contractibility of the muscle after transplantation. After high anal and rectal atresiae, a maturation of anorectal structures and a belated rectal adaption reaction may be observed, which can be attributed to the gracilis sling operation. It seems, therefore to be sensible to perform the operation earlier than has been practised hitherto. PMID- 1251037 TI - Genetic counselling in cases of anal and rectal atresia. AB - The familial occurrence of anal and rectal atresia is investigated in literature including a material of 169 patients of children's hospitals in Munich. Positive family history was found for only one of 169 patients. The mode of inheritance in those families with more than one affected member is generally considered to be autosomal recessive, although several families with X-chromosomal recessive inheritance have been described. In approximately 50% of the cases, anal atresia is associated with other malformations. Twin studies indicate that genetic factors play only a minor role in the etiology. The genetic risk in cases of isolated anorectal atresia is estimated to be well below 1%. PMID- 1251038 TI - Electric stimulation of the bladder and the anal sphincter - a new way to treat the neurogenic bladder. AB - The experiences gained with the intravesical electrostimulation of Katona in 14 children with neurogenic bladders have shown that it is possible to rehabilitate children with neurogenic bladder damage. All these children had never experienced the urge to micturate and it was possible to produce in each of them the sensation of the urge of micturition. In four patients with total incontinence, continence lasting 1 to 1 1/2 hours could be achieved. In 6 patients with a retention overflow bladder micturition leaving no residual urine, a sterile urine and the ability to remain continent for up to 2 hours was achieved. In children with retention overflow bladders which are resistent to therapy, a combinatuon of electrostimulation and resection of the pudendal nerves in girls or external perineal sphincterotomy in boys has provided its value. Anal incontinence can also be cured by direct stimulation of the anal region as we have shown in four patients. These results as well as the results reported by Katona [18] encourage us to recommend electrostimulation in a large number of cases. Should this treatment fail, it is still possible to carry out urinary diversion. PMID- 1251039 TI - Abnormalities of function and faecal water following the modified Soave operation for Hirschsprung's disease. AB - Fourteen out of 18 patients (78%) had abnormal function 32 months after the modified Soave pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung's disease. The abnormalities were loose stools [9], perianal excoriation [7], soiling [11] and rectal prolapse [7]. Excoriation was caused by stools containing an excess of water, particularly in the "extractable" phase, with raised Na+ and Cl- concentrations, osmolality and hydrogen ion (pH) but normal concentration of K+. A deficiency of dry stool solid was also demonstrated. Abnormalities were most marked in patients who had high inferior mesenteric artery ligation and residual proximal left colon. Faecal water abnormalities are due to failure of complete water and electrolyte re-absorption by the pulled-through bowel. Manometric studies indicate that post-Soave patients have a small, "spastic" rectum with poor reservoir capacity which leads to soiling. Perianal excoriation occurs when faecal composition is abnormal. Four patients were improved on small doses of oral Ispaghula husk fibre. Clinical improvements were associated with alterations in stool composition. PMID- 1251040 TI - Primary rectal ectasia. A quantitative study of smooth muscle cells in normal and hypertrophied human bowel. AB - The quantitative study showed that, in the normal human colon, smooth muscle cells increased both in size and in number in the first three years of life. Then the cell size remained relatively constant, having an anverage value of 4,260 cubic microns, while the cell number increased further with age. In the secondary megacolon in children with Hirschsprung's disease, both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells were found as a response to the obstruction. Release of obstruction by a defunctioning colostomy was followed by a reduction in size of the hypertrophied smooth muscle cells, but the increased cell number persisted for more than three months. The specimens of megarectum and megasigmoid colon associated with congenital rectal fistulae were different in their muscle cell dimensions according to the age after birth when the quantitation was undertaken. When examined weeks or months after birth, the walls of the enlarged viscus were thick, the muscle cells were hypertrophic and the numbers were greater than normal. Faecal masses, when present in the defunctioned obstructed bowel, probably induce hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle cells. When, however, the specimens of the large rectosigmoid confluence were obtained for quantitation within a few hours after birth, they were found to exhibit localized expansions with abrupt change to nearly normal calibre, the dilated bowel being thin-walled and containing muscle cells in normal or smaller than normal size and numbers. It is probable that some of those obtained later were at birth similar in their muscle cell dimensions to those examined at birth, but that hypertrophy and hyperplasia had developed secondarily. The muscle cell dimensions of the viscus at birth indicates that the enlargement was not caused by the stimulus of increased work load prior to birth. Those enlargements present at birth are presumably developmental aberrations of expansion or overgrowth of the cloaca when the vesical component is also enlarged, or of its posterior component when the rectum alone is enlarged. When the rectum is abnormally large at birth and is subsequently used in reconstructive surgery of the associated anorectal deformities, it may lead to a large "terminal reservoir" with overflow incontinence which does not respond to aperient or bowel washout treatment. If recognized on the newborn pre and post colostomy radiography, reconstruction should include excision or perhaps trimming, of the dilated segment. The term primary rectal ectasia was recommended as the connotation for this special entity as distinct from megarectum developing to secondary obstruction. PMID- 1251041 TI - The association and embryogenesis of tracheo-oesophageal and anorectal anomalies. AB - Thirty-one patients with combined oesophageal and anorectal anomalies were studied. They comprised 10% of 328 consecutive foregut malformations and 246 anorectal deformities. Twenty-three of this series also exhibited at least 3 of the VATER defects. There was a very high incidence particularly of associated vertebral, urological and musculoskeletal anomalies. This high incidence of addditional lesions is presumably a reflection of generalized early damage to the mesenchymal tissues at the fourth week of gestation. Similar embryological mechanisms may take place and be affected similarly in both foregut and hindgut systems. The concept of a two-component septum dividing the foregut and hindgut is proposed to explain the formation and malformations in these regions. Disturbances of alignment, direction and extent of these component septa induced by hyperflexion of the foregut and hindgut, and intrinsic septal defects presumably account for most of the malformations. Hyperflexion may also account for malformations of other systems and for the high incidence of associated anomalies in the 31 patients with oesophagorectal deformities. PMID- 1251042 TI - The identification and management of anorectal anomalies. The factors ensuring continence. AB - In this paper, anorectal anomalies are classified according to a scheme devised at an international conference of 200 paediatric surgeons in 1970 in Melbourne, Australia. The classification is based upon the pathological anatomy of each type in relation to the sphincters available for reconstruction. A diagnostic plan of identification of each type is presented; this is based upon accurate observations of the external clinical appearance, the site and type of orifice, and the presence or absence of meconium in the urine. Extension of the detailed diagnosis is obtained with radiological studies - gas shadows in the inverted position and radio-opaque dye studies in the various orifices. The errors of interpretation of these investigations are discussed. The objective of surgery is a continent anus. The achievement of continence depends on several factors: (i) accurate pre-operative assessment of the anomaly and the available sphincters, with their nerve supply (ii) an operative technique which positively identifies the sphincters, and preserves them intact and undamaged (iii) supervision of the post-operative management, including gentle dilatation of the puborectalis muscle, avoidance of constipation, and advice on training. The various operative techniques for both high and low anomalies are described. PMID- 1251043 TI - Radiological diagnosis of anorectal malformations. AB - With the help of a few examples, it has been shown that radiological investigations of anorectal malformations with or without a fistula depend on the momentary state of contraction of the muscles of the pelvic floor. If this is not considered, mistakes will be made. PMID- 1251044 TI - The problem of anorectal continence. AB - Anorectal continence depends on the rectum, the muscles of the pelvic floor, and the anorectal sphincters. The function of the rectum is to delay the passage of the intestinal contents by adapting itself to propulsive waves. A pressure gradient in an oral direction allows stool to be pushed back into the more proximal intestinal segments. The puborectalis muscle is the most important muscle of continence because of its sensitivity as well as its motor activity. In contains sensatory receptor organs which trigger off the rectal sphincter reflex mechanism and produce a feeling of fullness. From the motor point of view, its contraction which the assumption of the erect posture will cause the anorectal angle and with it the reflex and voluntary contractions of the puborectalis. The association of reflex and voluntary contractions depends on muscle fibres with different biochemical and histochemical properties. The internal anal sphincter is the most important factor in maintaining the anorectal barrier to pressure at rest. At the same time, relaxation of the internal sphincter will initiate defecation. The ambivalent properties of the internal sphincter can be explained by the different electrical, pharmacological and histological properties of this sphincter. Relaxation depends on an inhibition of electric activities initiated by stimulation of the tension receptors in the parapuborectal tissues and transmitted via the lowest rectal ganglion of the mesenteric plexus to the non adrenergic inhibiting P-neurons of this sphincter. PMID- 1251045 TI - Associated malformation with anal and rectal atresiae. AB - A survey of the frequency of associated malformations occurring with anorectal anomalies reviewing a large number of cases has been carried out. The urogenital tract, the extremities and the skeleton are most commonly involved. Esophageal atresia and hypospadias are the most important associated malformations. It was impossible to classify the associated malformations according to the sex of the patient or the level of the anorectal atresia. PMID- 1251046 TI - [An attempt at interpreting dreams of former inmates of concentration camps]. PMID- 1251047 TI - [Escapes from concentration camps. A psychological and psychiatric analysis]. PMID- 1251048 TI - [Suicides in Nazi concentration camps]. PMID- 1251049 TI - [Behavioral stereotypes in former inmates of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp]. PMID- 1251050 TI - [Arterial hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Remarks based on examinations of former inmates of Nazi concentration camps]. PMID- 1251051 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with non-lymphoid and solid tumors. Correlation with the tumoral status, response to the treatment and survival]. PMID- 1251052 TI - [Experimental reproduction of Hirschsprung's disease with acute neurotoxic arterial perfusions]. PMID- 1251053 TI - [Pancretic calcification: prognostic, clinical and etiological studies. Analysis of 17 cases]. PMID- 1251054 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of rehabilitation in patients under periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 1251055 TI - [Sodium metabolism, plasma renin activity and arterial pressure in patients treated with periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 1251056 TI - [Hemostasis and coagulation in pneumonitis (preliminary note)]. PMID- 1251057 TI - [Colitic arthritis]. PMID- 1251058 TI - [Pulmonary hematoma caused by a fall on the back]. PMID- 1251059 TI - [Accidental injection of air into the left coronary artery]. PMID- 1251060 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach: a rare cause of visceral perforation]. PMID- 1251061 TI - [Further ideas on acute alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 1251062 TI - [Chlorophyll as a cause of pseudojaundice]. PMID- 1251063 TI - [Mental anorexia: The point of view of the internist]. PMID- 1251064 TI - [Effects of insulin on the gastric secretion stimulated by intravenous histamin]. PMID- 1251065 TI - [Correlation between oxygen saturation of blood in the right atrium and in the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1251066 TI - [Past history of neck irradiation in thyroid neoplasms. Study of a series of 122 cases]. PMID- 1251067 TI - [Malignant arterial hypertension with evidence of intravascular coagulation. Results of the anticoagulant treatment]. PMID- 1251068 TI - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 1251069 TI - [Mesosystolic click syndrome and late systolic murmur]. PMID- 1251070 TI - [Acute isoniazid poisoning]. PMID- 1251071 TI - [Clinical experience with a new cephalosporin: cefazolin. Preliminary experience]. PMID- 1251072 TI - [Unilateral pulmonary edema in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1251073 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 1251074 TI - [Spherical pneumonia simulating a mediastinal mass]. PMID- 1251075 TI - [Occurrence of hepatitis in an anesthesiologist]. PMID- 1251076 TI - [Anesthesia in the use of forceps. Apgar test]. PMID- 1251077 TI - [Importance of the competence of the esophagogastric junction in anesthesia]. PMID- 1251078 TI - [10 years of experience in adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy under general anesthesia (1964-1974)]. PMID- 1251079 TI - [Acute tolerance and time changes in ketamine-induced sleep under the effect of phenobarbital and chlorophenicol. Experimental study]. PMID- 1251080 TI - [Piriglutine (conductase): clinical use in 500 cases of anesthesia and resuscitation. Initial report (summary)]. PMID- 1251081 TI - [Facilitation of tracheal fenestration in tracheostomy]. PMID- 1251082 TI - [Upper esophageal sphincter. Its dynamic and static changes in patients with cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 1251084 TI - [Therapeutic, diagnostic and morphological aspects of Barret's disease]. PMID- 1251083 TI - [Alcoholic pancreatitis of pseudocystic evolution with stomach rupture. Report of a case]. PMID- 1251085 TI - [Incomplete pyloric stenosis as symtom of clinical outset of chronic lymphoid leukemia. Ednoscopic aspects]. PMID- 1251086 TI - [Distal duodenostomy and postoperative high digestive fistula]. PMID- 1251087 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 1251088 TI - Imitation as a facilitator of treatment for the mentally retarded. PMID- 1251089 TI - Adrenergic innervation of the oviduct in the regulation of ovum transport. PMID- 1251091 TI - [Crohn's disease. Pathological anatomy]. PMID- 1251090 TI - [Symptoms, complications and course of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 1251092 TI - [Crohn's disease. X-ray and endoscopic diagnosis]. PMID- 1251093 TI - [Crohn's disease. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1251094 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 1251095 TI - [Medical treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 1251096 TI - [Physiological basis of balneotherapy. XII. Role of the localized carbonated bath in the therapy of chronic stenosing or occlusive arterial diseases of the lower limbs]. PMID- 1251097 TI - [The reality of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1251098 TI - [Pulmonary cancer screening]. PMID- 1251099 TI - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension in chronic bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 1251100 TI - [Mechanisms of action of antibiotics currently used in pneumology]. PMID- 1251101 TI - [Hypersensitivity bronchopneumopathies. Importance of occupational factors]. PMID- 1251102 TI - [Unrecognized pulmonary infarct and surgery]. PMID- 1251103 TI - Inhibition of secondary osteophyte formation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Using radiographically demonstrated joint narrowing as an index of joint damage, a reduced incidence of osteophyte size and number as a measure of osteoarthritic change in the PIP and knee joints of patients with RA as compared to DJD has been demonstrated. The possible pathogenetic factors discussed include reduced joint use in RA, increased resilience of juxta-articular bone associated with osteoporosis in RA and the possibility that products of inflammation in the RA joint act locally or via juxta-articular vascular mechanisms to inhibit the secondary changes of DJD. Further study of the possible pathogenic mechanisms including the roles of joint stress, juxta-articular osteoporosis, and possible effects of the inflammatory reaction of the rheumatoid joint on intra-articular structures and juxta-articular vascular phenomena are needed. PMID- 1251104 TI - Modification of standard 8BL chair for the use of double amputees. PMID- 1251105 TI - The suppressing effect of indomethacin on articular cartilage. AB - Indomethacin in pharmacological doses was given to rabbits with papain-induced degenerative arthrosis of the knee. The cartilage lesions healed between the 35th and the 70th day of the experiment. The healing was unaffected by indomethacin. However, autoradiographs showed a significantly reduced 35SO4 uptake in the articular cartilage of the animals receiving the indomethacin in both arthritic and control knees. PMID- 1251106 TI - Serological changes in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Sera from 37 patients with scleroderma were studied for the presence of auto antibodies. Rheumatoid factors and antibodies to smooth muscle and thyroid were seen in some patients. Ten of 31 patients (32%) had antibodies to nuclear antigens. They were not related to the extent or severity of disease but were often associated with other complications or coincidental diseases. These serological changes only occurred in the patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and did not occur in morphoea. Antibodies to double-stranded DNA were found in only one case, and neither clinical nor serological overlap with systemic lupus erythematosus were seen in this group of patients. PMID- 1251107 TI - [Adaptation and tolerance of the human organism. Effects of harmful environmental factors]. PMID- 1251108 TI - [Effects of socioeconomic factors on the rate of physical development. II. The role of the rate of maturation]. PMID- 1251109 TI - [Determination of the content of the fatty acids in oils and margarine]. PMID- 1251111 TI - [Determination of phentin acetate in potatoes]. PMID- 1251110 TI - [Methyl mercury level in marine and fresh water fishes]. PMID- 1251112 TI - [Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in frozen fruit and vegetables]. PMID- 1251113 TI - [Body weight of laboratory rats fed a standard feeding brand Murigran]. PMID- 1251114 TI - [New tables of components and nutritive value of food products. II. Composition and nutritive value of non-perishable confectionery]. PMID- 1251115 TI - [Water iodine content in municipal waterworks in the Olsztyn Province]. PMID- 1251116 TI - [Carcinogenic N-nitro compounds]. PMID- 1251117 TI - [Correlation between the age of mice and the activity of adenosine deaminase in their organs]. PMID- 1251118 TI - [Indications for pacemaker therapy of the heart (author's transl)]. AB - During the last few years the indications for pacemaker therapy could be extended in step with the lowering of the frequency of complications and the effort required of doctors and departments. Now one does not only aim at prevention of dangerous Adams-Stokes attacks but increasingly at improvement of the range of cardiac function. If there is no pharmacologic alternative there are no absolute contraindications. Pacemaker therapy is indicated also, if only temporary symptomatic improvement can be expected. PMID- 1251119 TI - [Indications for coronary arteriography and left ventriculography in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary- and LV-angiography in coronary heart disease are indicated I) to clarify whether or not surgery is required (e.g. aorto-coronary-bypass operation, aneurysmectomy) in 1) drug resistent angina pectoris, 2) myocardial aneurysms (or the suspicion of), 3) VSD following myocardial infarction and/or 4) as preoperative investigations in mitral regurgitation or 5) other valve lesions. II) These investigations are furthermore indicated in the under-50-yr.-old considering their prognosis and diagnosis 1) following myocardial infarction 2) to clarify a pathological exercise test with or without angina pectoris 3) in the differential diagnosis of myocardial diseases and 4) occasionally in patients with a number of risk factors or exposed to particular occupational hazards or from families with a high incidence of early deaths from heart disease. Coronary- and LV-angiography are contraindicated in 1) generalized stenosing atherosclerosis, 2) acute myocardial infarction, 3) failure from other organ systems (e.g. kidney), 4) drug resistent endogenous risk factors and/or relevant obesity, 5) biological age over 60-65.6) continued nicotine dependence. In many cases the specific diagnostic investigations will include the assessment of coronary flow at rest and during maximal drug induced coronary dilatation. This enables us to estimate the coronary reserve and to diagnose coronary insufficiency in patients with normal coronary angiograms.- Instructive morphological and/or functional results illustrate this presentation. PMID- 1251120 TI - [Coronarography, technique and results (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary angiography is a radiologic special technique with its place in the diagnosis of coronary disease. It demands much equipment and time. Evaluation, particularly in coronary sclerosis, is valuable, since it makes subtile differential diagnosis possible. This in turn is the basis for modern individual therapy. PMID- 1251121 TI - [Selective coronarography (author's transl)]. AB - Advantages and disadvantages of coronographic techniques known so far are described. Disadvantages can be removed by the technique of premedication proposed by the authors which renders possible injection of contrast medium into the coronary vessels without reaction. The advantages of Theophyllin premedication are described in detail. This technique is more reliable and provides better information in greater detail. PMID- 1251122 TI - [The new radiologic units of measurement gray and becqerel (author's transl)]. AB - The general conference on weights and measures in June 1975 introduced the new names of units, the Gray (for ionizing radiations) and the Becqerel (for activity of a radioactive substance), on an international level. The reasons for this change--the units hitherto valid are the Rad and the Curie--and the international efforts at durability of the new regulations are reported. PMID- 1251123 TI - [Roentgenographic findings in patients with pacemakers (author's transl)]. AB - Early roentgenographic documentation of the position of an implanted pacemaker by roentgenograms in two planes and fluoroscopy establishes the necessary basis for the roentgenographic examinations in identifying pacemaker malfunction. Early and late causes of pacemaker malfunction in 250 patients are described. Early complications arise at the tip of the electrode: displacement with or against the direction of blood flow, penetration or perforation of the myocardium and false implantation into the coronary sinus. Later causes of pacemaker failure have to be searched mainly in the electrode itself and the battery: damage to the cable or displacement of the battery. The problems of radiologic assessment of the state of charge of the battery are discussed. PMID- 1251124 TI - Pressure-jump relaxation technique with optical detection. PMID- 1251125 TI - [Tumours of the thoracic wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251126 TI - [Effect of high altitude hypoxia of different intensity on the spinal cord and medulla oblongata during ontogenesis of the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251127 TI - The effect of chronic intragastric alcohol ingestion on the pancreatic secretion of the rat. AB - The effect of chronic intragastric ethanol ingestion on the pancreatic secretion of rats was studied. The rats received 1 ml of 20% alcohol per 0.1 kg of body weight with gastric intubation five times weekly, and the total duration of ingestion was 10-12 weeks. Pancreatic juice was collected by cannulating the pancreatic duct under ether anesthesia; basal secretion was collected during 15 minutes, after which a further 15-minute secretion was stimulated with pancreozymin. The volume and the content of proteins, proteolytic enzymes, and trypsin inhibitors were studied. The secretion of proteins decreased significantly, while the amount of active proteolytic enzymes was increased in the pancreatic secretion of the alcohol rats. No active trypsin could be noted in either group. The amount of trypsin inhibitors decreased in the pancreatic juice of the alcohol rats compared with that of the control rats, but the decrease was relative to the decrease in the secretion of total proteins. No significant differences could be noted in the volume of the secreted pancreatic juice between the alcohol rats and the control rats. Pancreozymin increased the secretion to about twofold values, and the response to panreozymin was similar in the two groups. PMID- 1251128 TI - Abolishment of oral trypsin inhibitor stimulation of the rat exocrine pancreas after duodeno-jejunal resection. AB - The effect of long-term oral trypsin inhibitor administration on the exocrine pancreas was studied in unoperated rats and in rats operated on by a 30% proximal small intestinal resection. The following observations were made: in unoperated rats sacrificed 18 hours after the last trypsin inhibitor ingestion there was an increase of the wet weight of pancreas, increase of the pancreatic protein, and an increase of pancreatic and intestinal trypsin(ogen) and of pancreatic amylase by comparison with the controls. In operated rats, treated and examined in an identical way, no influences on the exocrine pancreas were found. It is suggested that the abolishment of the trypsin inhibitor effects on the exocrine pancreas in operated rats reflects the removal of the site of production of one or more intestinal hormone(s) or factor(s) responsible for these effects. In unoperated rats examined 4 hours after the last trypsin inhibitor ingestion a reduction of the pancreatic trypsinogen and amylase and an increase of the intestinal amylase were found, indicating a secretory response of the pancreas to the intraluminal trypsin inhibitor; the low values of intestinal trypsin found in these rats probably reflect inhibition of rat trypsin by the bovine lung trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 1251129 TI - Salivary amylase in duodenal aspirates. AB - Salivary and pancreatic isoamylases in duodenal aspirates obtained during assessment of pancreatic function after test meal stimulation were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Salivary amylase was found to be a constituent of the duodenal aspirates in more than 75% of the tests. The mean relative contribution of salivary amylase to the total amylase activity of the aspirates varied from about 15% in normals to about 40% in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. The amount of salivary amylase varied widely not only between the individuals but also within the samples of the same test series. Specific determination of the pancreatic isoamylases instead of determination of the total amylase increased the discrimination between normals and patients with pancreatic dysfunction. PMID- 1251130 TI - Inhibition of sulpiride on the cephalic phase of gastric acid and gastrin secretion in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - In 13 patients with duodenal ulceration psychic stimulation with food resulted in a significant rise in gastric acid secretion and in serum gastrin. This rise was abolished when the patients were pre-treated with sulpiride, a non-sedative neuroleptic acting on the hypothalamus. These findings suggest that sulpiride, by virtue of its inhibitory effect on the cephalic phase of acid secretion, may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. PMID- 1251131 TI - The clinical significance of classifications of cirrhosis. A comparison between conventional criteria and numerical taxonomy. AB - Classification of patients with cirrhosis serves the clinical purpose of selecting patients for adequate therapy. A material of 441 patients from a randomized clinical trial of prednisone treatment were classified according to different criteria, and the effect of this therapy was assessed by comparing the survival curves of controls and treated patients in the groups. Six classifications based on single criteria were studied, viz. females vs. males, alcoholics vs. non-alcoholics, compensated vs. decompensated cases, active vs. inactive cases, manifest vs. latent cases, and non-primary biliary vs. primary biliary cirrhosis. The latter group was too small for further analysis. Furthermore, the material was classified by numerical taxonomy, based on 56 clinical symptoms and signs and histological and serological changes. The taxonomical classification showed interdependence with all the clinical classifications, except that of primary biliary cirrhosis. Three clinical classifications, viz. those based on sex, alcoholism, and compensation, and one taxonomic class showed a significant therapeutic relevance. Combination of these criteria revealed that female patients with compensated non-alcoholic cirrhosis, previously demonstrated to benefit from prednisone treatment, showed a markedly greater prednisone effect if they belonged to the taxonomic group than if they did not. According to clinical, histologic, and laboratory data, the latter group was characterized as less severe cases than the former one. Whereas this discrepancy between clinical severity and therapeutic effect cannot be fully explained, the data do suggest that clinical criteria may not be ideal for selection of patients with cirrhosis for steroid therapy, and that numerical taxonomy may provide clues for more clinically significant classifications. PMID- 1251132 TI - Cellular immune reactions against common antigen, small intestine, and colon antigen in patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Patients with ulcerative colitis showed in 71-93%, patients with cirrhosis of the liver in 64-91%, cellular immunity against Common Antigen (CA) and human fetal intestinal antigens as measured by the leucocyte migration test (LMIT). Patients with Crohn's disease exhibited cellular immune reactions to a lesser degree - from these only patients without immunosuppressive therapy differed significantly from normal controls (p less than 0.05). Approximately 30% of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis had elevated antibody titers against intestinal antigens and CA. A high percentage of patients in both diseases showed a reciprocal relationship between cellular and humoral immunity. It was concluded that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can be separated in most cases using intestinal antigens and CA in the LMIT. The occurrence of cellular immunity against these antigens cannot be interpreted as being the only pathogenetic principle in these two diseases. It is also concluded that there appears to be only a weak immune tolerance against intestinal antigens. The high percentage of cellular immune reactions in patients with cirrhosis of the liver demonstrates that this group may have an impairment of the physiological elimination of antigens by the liver. PMID- 1251133 TI - Ultrastructure of parietal cells before and after proximal gastric vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - In order to examine whether the reduced acid secretion observed after proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) is accompanied by intracellular changes in parietal cells, the ultrastructure of parietal cells before and after PGV has been studied in four duodenal ulcer patients. A stereological analysis of electron micrographs shows that after PGV there is a reduction in the volume density of microvilli and the surface density of canalicular membranes. Ten days after PGV there is a temporary increase in the surface density of tubulovesicular membranes. However, 3 months after the operation most of this membrane material has been removed so that the surface density of tubulovesicles at this late stage is only insignificantly higher than before the operation. The relative volume of dense bodies is more than doubled 3 months after PGV, and the observed removal of tubulo-vesicular membranes between the 10 days and the 3 months stage may therefore be due to lysosomal activity. PMID- 1251135 TI - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Five cases. AB - Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver is a benign tumour with a cirrhosis like appearance. The tumour is rare, but it is a relevant differential diagnosis in young patients with a hepatic mass. Radiologically and grossly FNH cannot be distinguished from malignant tumours. Biopsy with frozen section usually provides the diagnosis. There is no evidence that FNH is premalignant. Only a few patients have symptoms requiring treatment (pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting) and complications (weight loss, portal compression) are extremely rare. The preferred treatment for symptomatic tumours is removal. In patients without symptoms FNH can be left untreated without any undue risk. PMID- 1251134 TI - Susceptibility of the liver and biliary tract to anaerobic infection in extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction. II. Liver function and morphology of the liver and biliary tract--an experimental study in rabbits. AB - Biliary tract infection with anaerobic bacteria (B. fragilis or Fusobacterium mortiferum) was produced in rabbits by common duct ligation (c.d.l.) 3 days prior to intravenous bacterial inoculation. Animals were investigated 1, 4 or 7 days after inoculation. Histopathological investigations included the liver, the common duct, and the gallbladder, while liver function was evaluated by bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT) in serum. Rabbits with c.d.l. and biliary tract infection were compared to rabbits with c.d.l. in which bacterial inoculation failed to produce infection, to inoculated rabbits without c.d.l., and to uninoculated rabbits with c.d.l. Anaerobic biliary tract infection in rabbits with c.d.l. caused a significant increase in liver abscesses, a significant increased infiltration with granulocytes in the gallbladder, and a significant increase in serum levels of bilirubin, AP, and GPT, but failed to produce signs of cholangitis in the liver and intramural abscesses in the gallbladder. A material is presented of normal values for bilirubin, AP, and GPT in serum in rabbits. PMID- 1251136 TI - Marrow cell uptake by megakaryocytes in routine bone marrow smears during blood loss. AB - In studying smears of marrow aspirates, we have encountered the presence of normal appearing haemopoietic cells within megakaryocytes. We have then searched routine marrow smears from 125 patients seen in our service during 3 years. The presence of marrow cells (granulocytic, erythroid, and lymphoid cells) within megakaryocytes was seen in 16 cases of whom 9 had documented bleeding and 5 had carcinoma. 3 patients were suspected of bleeding but this was not documented. 56% of patients with bleeding and 83% of patients with carcinoma seen during this period displayed this pehnomenon. A search for this phenomenon in routine marrow smears may reveal unsuspected blood loss. PMID- 1251137 TI - Coagulation profile and the ethanol gelation test with special reference to components consumed during coagulation. AB - In 753 consequtive blood samples (from the same number of patients) routinely examined for coagulation abnormalities, a positive ethanol gelation test was found in 160. In 7 samples with plasma fibrinogen below 150 mg/100 ml and a positive test, other laboratory signs of consumption coagulopathy (low thrombocyte count, low factor V, low antithrombin III, large amounts of FDP in serum and great discrepancies between Normotest and Thrombotest) were regularly observed. Also at normal or high fibrinogen levels, a positive ethanol gelation test was more frequently associated with low thrombocyte counts, low factor V and Normotest/Thrombotest discrepancy than was a negative test. In 46% of the samples with a positive test, fibrinogen was higher than 500 mg/100 ml (versus 4% in those with a negative test). In one-third of these samples, all other parameters gave normal results. PMID- 1251138 TI - Foamy histiocytosis of the spleen in patients with chronic thrombocytopenia. AB - In 17 of the 64 spleens removed from patients with chronic thrombocytopenia lipid laden histiocytotes were demonstrated. No correlation was found between these pathological findings and the age of the patients at diagnosis or splenectomy, the duration before splenectomy of therapy with glucocorticoids, the period with thrombocytopenia or the platelet count. 7 of the patients, who relapsed after splenectomy had lipid-laden histiocytes in their spleens i.e. 58% of the patients with relapse, compared with 10 patients with foamy histiocytosis and without relapse i.e. 19% of the patients without relapse. At follow up, 3 of the 17 patients with splenic histiocytosis still had thrombocytopenia, compared with 1 of the 47 patients without foamy cells. Foamy histiocytosis of the spleen from a patient with chronic thrombocytopenia may indicate a dubious prognosis. PMID- 1251139 TI - Evaluation of prophylactic replacement therapy in haemophilia B. AB - Prophylaxis replacement therapy has been assessed for a period of 12 months in 10 patients with severe haemophilia B showing a high incidence of spontaneous bleeding episodes. Two different schedules of administration of a freeze-dried factor IX concentrate were randomly evaluated: according to scheme A, 7.5 U/kg were administrated biweekly, whereas scheme B was based on the weekly infusion of 15 U/kg. On prophylaxis the frequency of bleeding episodes was significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) when compared with that observed in one-year period preceding the trial. Biweekly infusions were superior to weekly infusion (P less than 0.01), and the benefit appeared to be related to the higher number of days in which measurable levels of factor IX were attained in plasma. Range of motion, which was redeced at the start of the trial in 26 joints, was found to have improved in 23. Favourable changes of the joint radiological picture were observed in 6 cases. Hepatitis and factor IX inhibitors did not develop during the trial period. Side effects were rare and mild. PMID- 1251140 TI - Hormonal control of erythropoiesis in canine cyclic haematopoiesis. AB - The results of erythropoietin (ESF) studies in dogs with cyclic haematopoiesis are presented. Even though the dogs were exposed to a constant stimulus of hypoxia, cycles in the plasma ESF levels occurred at 11 to 12 day intervals. In some dogs, minor midcycle peaks were observed and the amount of ESF produced varied with the different animals. The peaks of ESF characteristically appeared approximately five days after onset of neutropenia. A hypothesis is presented to explain the known facts concerning canine cyclic haematopoiesis. It suggests that a poietin controlling factor is produced and that this assumed factor then stimulates the production of specific factors leading to increases of reticulocytes, platelets, and monocytes. The monocytes in turn produce more colony stimulating factor (CSF) leading to the formation of granulocytes. Such a sequence of events would explain the apogee of reticulocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts at a time when the nadir of granulocyte counts is reached. PMID- 1251141 TI - Testicular function after combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - Fertility was estimated by sperm counts and hormone assays in 8 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease with at least 6 courses of combination chemotherapy. This consisted of an alkylator (mechloretamine or cyclophosphamide), a vinca alkaloid (vinblastine or vincristine), procarbazine and prednisone. Azoospermia was found in 7 of the 8 patients on examination 12-29 months after termination of chemotherapy. In 1 patient semen quality improved gradually, and a sperm count of 5 mill/ml was found at 21 months. Serum FSH levels were increased in all but 1 patient who was, nevertheless, azoospermic. The levels of testosterone and LH were generally within normal limits. Thus, the germinal tissue is seriously damaged by this type of chemotherapy. The resulting infertility seems to be complete and of long duration. Partial recovery of spermatogenesis may, however, sometimes take place after prolonged unsustained remission. PMID- 1251142 TI - Reptilase clot retraction induced by electrical stimulation. AB - Retraction of platelet rich plasma clotted by reptilase is induced by electrical stimulation. Optimal retraction is obtained by stimuli, applied for more than 4 min, with the following characteristics: intensity = 150 volts, duration = 50 msec each, frequency = 10/sec. Electrically induced reptilase clot retraction is shown to be inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, methyl-xanthines, PGE1, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, but not by apyrase or by phosphoenolpyruvate-pyruvate kinase and MgCl2. The results indicate that electrical stimulation induces retraction of PRP clotted by reptilase by triggering off an increased availability of Ca2+ in the intracellular space. PMID- 1251143 TI - [Development of drug, alcohol and tobacco consumption. Comparison between 2 studies from 1971 and 1974 in the canton Zurich]. AB - Consumption of drugs, alcohol and tobacco has been compared in two populations of 19-year-old men, of 1971 (2785) and 1974 (1617), drawn from three different geographical regions of the Canton of Zurich. The hypothesis that the percentage of drug users has risen over the last three years was not confirmed: as previously, 25% have had experience of drugs. As expected, however, there was more regular and heavy drug users in 1974 than in 1971. Also, there is a more marked trend towards extension of drug consumption to rural areas than in 1971. The percentage of cigarette smokers has remained stable, but per capita cigarette consumption has increased. Contrary to expectation, alcohol consumption showed the sharpest rise in all three regions. The study suggests that drug consumption is not to be considered in isolation but in conjunction with the use of alcohol and tobacco. PMID- 1251144 TI - [Aneurysm of the arteria lusoria. Report on 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the arteria lusoria are described. In one patient a tumor of the superior mediastinum was suspected, the chief signs of which are dyspnea and irritative cough. In a further patient, enlargement of the left superior mediastinum was noted in routine fluoroscopy. Clinical investigation revealed an aneurysm of the arteria lusoria. In the third patient, dysphagia, slight cough and torticollis were interpreted as symptoms of a neoplasm of the esophagus or larynx. The fourth patient, in whom aneurysm of the arteria lusoria was discovered by chance at autopsy, displayed no clinical or radiological signs. Abberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) is a relatively frequent finding in autopsies. Aneurysm of the arteria lusori is apparently also a typical complication. PMID- 1251145 TI - [The gastric surface carcinoma (early carcinoma)]. AB - Gastric surface carcinoma or early cancer is defined as carcinoma limited to the mucosa or submucosa of the gastric wall. It has an excellent prognosis. Enormous progress in detection and histological diagnosis of early gastric carcinoma has been made with fibre-optic gastroscopy and guided biopsy. Macroscopic types and histological pattern of 18 cases of early cancer are described (16 mucosal and 2 submucosal carcinomas). The endoscopic biopsy allows the diagnosis "carcinoma" in most cases, if 5-6 biopsies are taken for examination. Definite diagnosis warrants throughout histological examination of the resected specimen showing the carcinoma limited to the superficial layers of the stomach wall. In 11 of our 18 cases the surface carcinoma was localised to the antrum and the angulus. The size of the carcinoma was less than 2 cm2 in 7 of 18 cases. 6 of 18 cases showed a multicentric origin. The good prognosis of early gastric cancer as compared to deeper infiltrating carcinomas justifies a more aggressive diagnostic approach. Problems concerned with diagnosis, surgical procedures and tissue preparation for histology are discussed. PMID- 1251146 TI - [Biological availability of potassium from a sustained release preparation]. AB - The bioavailability of potassium from a sustained-release KC1 preparation has been compared in 10 healthy volunteers with that of a non-sustained-release KC1 coated tablet by means of urinary elimination data. From the 40 mEq KC1 additionally administered, 35.2 mEq (88%) and 35.5 mEq (88.8%) respectively were eliminated by the kidneys. On the evidence of this elimination data the sustained release potassium preparation showed the same bioavailability as the non sustained-release KC1 tablets. The retard form was excellently tolerated. PMID- 1251147 TI - [Destructive arthropathies associated with articular chondrocalcinosis. Clinical and metabolic study of 16 cases]. AB - Sixteen cases of severe destructive arthropathy in elderly persons (13 females and 3 males) suffering from articular chondrocalcinosis are described. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, followed by the hips, shoulders, wrists, elbows and feet. One joint is destroyed in seven patients, 2 joints in five, 3 joints in one and 4 joints in three patients. In 13 subjects the onset of the arthropathy was insidious, whereas 2 had only a history of previous recurrent pseudogouty attacks. Associated endocrine, neurological or metabolic diseases were ruled out by clinical examination and laboratory tests. Repeated determinations of serum calcium and phosphorus, as well as of plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, were within normal limits. The possibility of hyperparathyroidism was thus an unlikely explanation for this destructive arthropathy. Its etiopathogenesis remains unclear. PMID- 1251148 TI - [Functional diagnosis of laryngeal and tracheal stenoses]. AB - In 20 patients with upper airway obstruction in the region of the larynx and the extrathoracic and intrathoracic trachea, inspiratory and expiratory resistance, FIV1, FEV1 and total and vital capacity were determined. In patients with obstruction in the larynx and the extrathoracic trachea FIV1 is generally below FEV1. So-called "dynamic" obstruction, depending on flow and direction of flow, leads to a considerable descrepancy between FIV1 and FEV1. Impairment of respiration can be assummed if, in the adult, airway resistance during spontaneous breathing is higher than 6 cm H2O/l/sec during inspiration and/or expiration. After successful surgical correction airway resistance and FIV1 and FEV1 are restored to normal values. PMID- 1251149 TI - [Late results after zero calorie diet therapy in adiposity]. AB - Patients treated for obesity by total starvation were followed up after a period ranging from 7 to 60 months. Starvation treatment had been carried out 12 times in women and 7 times in men. Weight regain was less than 33% of weight loss in 5 women and 5 men and the regain was 40% in 1 man. Weight increase was higher than 50% of weight loss in 7 women and 1 man. The weight of one of these women exceeded the prestarvation weight. In view of these poor long-term results, therapeutic starvation should be carried out only in selected cases. Our experience indicates a better prognosis for men than for women. There is some indication that long-term results of therapeutic starvation are more favorable in patients with previous myocardial infarction or with somatic conditions which may improve after weight reduction. PMID- 1251150 TI - [Bilateral fractures of the proximal end of the femur]. AB - 72 patients with bilateral non-contemporary fractures of the proximal end of the femur are reviewed. This group is compared with 203 similar unilateral lesions. A statistical analysis is performed. The age of the patients, when sustaining the first of bilateral fractures and in the control group is similar. The second fracture occurs sooner in men than in women; The mortality for the second fracture does not differ from that in the control group in spite of the higher average age of the bilateral group. Fractures of the proximal end of the femur appear to occur more often in isolated subjects, The second fracture preferentially affects the same site (cervical or trochanteric region). An individual who sustains bilateral noncontemporary fractures of the proximal end of the femur is not distinguishable by poor general condition but has a weak point in the cervical or trochanteric region. PMID- 1251151 TI - [Treatment of essential hypertension with Transicor 80 and Esidrex K under medical practice conditions]. AB - This study was designed to obtain information under general practice conditions on the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of the beta-blocking agent oxprenolol 80 mg (Trasicor 80) and hydrochlorothiazide + KCl (Esidrex-K) in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension. Patients with a diastolic pressure of 100 to 130 mm Hg were covered by the study. The dosage of Trasicor was kept relatively low and at a constant level, i.e. one tablet twice daily throughout. In the group of 370 patients whose record had been completed according to the treatment plan, the systolic and diastolic pressures fell on the average by 28 and 17 mm Hg respectively. After 10 weeks of therapy, the diastolic pressure was normalized (i.e. below 95 mm Hg) in 226 patients. The mean decreases in pressure were statistically significant after two weeks' treatment. The mean pulse rate fell from 79 to 73. Tolerance of the regimen was very good in 75% of patients; 57 patients were withdrawn from the study for various reasons. PMID- 1251152 TI - [Digestive tract diseases of ischemic origin]. PMID- 1251153 TI - [Riolan's arcade: hemodynamic importance--therapeutic deductions]. AB - The hemodynamic significance of the arcade of Riolan has been analysed. This arterial arcade provides an anastomosis between the territories of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The arcade is only clearly visible on arteriography when an obstacle is present at one of its extremities or when it is being used for revascularization of the lower limbs. The discovery during surgery or on X-ray of a dilated arcade of Riolan presents a hemodynamic problem when the continuity of a digestive artery must be reestablished. In addition, when a patient known to suffer from arteritis has to undergo surgery involving the rectosigmoid area, a preliminary arteriography is necessary: the presence of a hypertonic arcade of Riolan requires special therapy since untimely ligature of this artery would provoke lethal ishcemia of the colonic wall. Examination of the arteriogram affords the surgeon some indication of the state of the splanchnic circulation, and he can then take the necessary precautions to prevent any risk of postoperative development of necrosis of the left colon. PMID- 1251154 TI - [Stenosis of the small intestine of ischemic origin in the adult (segmental and transmural lesions)]. AB - Focal ischemia of the small intestine does not always lead to necrosis and perforation, but may induce fibrous stenosis which is evidenced clinically by acute or chronic intestinal occlusion. Among 8 intestinal stenoses 5 were revealed by the presence of an intestinal occlusion whereas the others were manifested by intestinal occlusions complicated by subsequent perforation of the intestinal wall. Annulo-tubular stenoses of ischemic origin are frequently accompanied by inflammatory mesenteric adenopathies due to mucosal ulcerations in the septic environment of the intestinal lumen. Their aspect is reminiscent of Crohn's disease or annular carcinoma. Histological examination of the resected loop frequently reveals the primary oschemic origin of the stenotic lesion, characterized by the presence of macrophages loaded with hemosiderin in the thickened inflamed mucosa. The tissue alterations observed resemble those found in myocardial infarction, but the inflammatory response is more pronounced due to the septic medium. Although such stenoses are relatively rare, they should be distinguished from other lesions provoking a narrowing of the intestinal lumen, since their treatment calls for certain therapeutic precautions. In some cases, angioplastic intervention is required in order to improve perfusion of the vascular bed irrigated by the superior mesenteric artery following resection of the stenotic loop and termino-terminal anastomosis. Furthermore, during any operation requiring revascularization of the mesenteric vessels for intestinal angina, it is important to carry out a very careful examination of the state of the small intestine. PMID- 1251155 TI - [Unusually high iodine excretion in hyperthyroidism in an iodine-poor area]. AB - In 27 thyrotoxic patients and in 177 healthy controls from the area of Essen we studied the total urinary iodine excretion. Whereas the iodine excretion was only 43.7 +/- 27.3 mug iodine per g creatine in the controls, the corresponding average value was significantly higher in thyrotoxic patients. It amounted to 193.3 +/- 201.7 mug iodine per g creatinine. This finding can not be explained by selection of patients with autonomous adenomas and contamination with iodine. Possible causes are an increased daily iodine uptake by increased dietary intake or iodine containing drugs that might not be remembered by the patients and increased renal clearance of iodine. Strong evidence for a contamination with iodine is the finding of increased differences between measured and calculated PBI, the latter being derived from T4 (D). The differences averaged in both groups 5.3 and 3.2 mug/100 ml. Our data can not exclude a basedowification of preexisting goiters. This unexpected finding gives rise to corresponding investigations in other thyroid centers. PMID- 1251156 TI - [Comparative study on the question of systemic chemoprophylaxis following gynecological surgery]. AB - The incidence of delayed wound healing and urinary tract infections was studied in 2 randomized groups of post-operative gynecological patients, one of which was given systemic antibiotic prophylaxis and the other not. 143 women were given Bactrim in a standard dose of 2 x 2 tablets or ampoules daily, commencing preoperatively during and continuing until the eighth postoperative day. The control group received placebos parenterally and orally for the same period. The incidence of complications in wound healing, of subfebrile and febrile states, urinary tract infections and micturition difficulties following removal of the catheter was significantly lower in the group who had undergone antibiotic therapy. 83% of this group, compared with 68% in the control group, were discharged after the normal hospital stay. In 51% of the control group a chemotherapy or antibiotic course had to be given secondarily to combat infection, the commonest indications being urinary tract infections or pyrexia for several days. The drawbacks were side effects of the systemic chemoprophylaxis, such as skin eczema (6%) and gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as a tendency to infections with problem bacteria requiring treatment with reserve antibiotics. It is concluded that routine postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, despite its favourable effect on infections morbidity as a compromise between optimum treatment for the individual and general medical interest, must be prescribed on an individual basis. PMID- 1251157 TI - [Acute polyradiculitis. Experiences in an intensive care unit]. AB - 30 patients with acute polyradiculitis treated in an intensive care unit between 1960 and 1974 are described. Intensive care in these patients was indicated mainly for respiratory problems necessitating tracheotomy and, frequently, artificial ventilation. The main complications encountered are described in detail: they are infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts; cardiovascular problems (mainly instability of blood pressure and sinus tachycardia, and sometimes lifethreatening arrhythmias); frequent thromboembolic complications in patients not on anticoagulants; and bleeding (especially from the gastrointestinal tract) even in the absence of anticoagulants. A careful search should be made for glomerulonephritis, "Schwartz-Bartter-syndrome" or difficulties in regulating calcium metabolism. The prognosis is independent of the time course of the disease. The mortality of 23% in this seriously ill group of patients is fairly low, but the results as far as healing is concerned are less good. In only 23% was there complete rehabilitation, whereas 34% had minor and 20% major residual symptoms. PMID- 1251158 TI - [Trends in the nuclear-medical diagnosis of thrombosis]. AB - Use of the 125I-fibrinogen-uptake test for detection of freshly developing thrombi is well known. The administration of radiofibrinogen to detect preformed thrombus - the retrospective variant of the 125I-fibrinogen-uptake test - allows the diagnosis of established thrombosis. The correlation with ascending phlebography is 90%. 125I-Fibrinogen cannot be used for scanning, due to its low energy, while 131I-fibrinogen if used involves a high radiation dose to the patient. First experiments with new radiopharmaceuticals for detection of deep vein thrombosis are proposed. Indication lists for the retrospective variant of the 125I-fibrinogen-uptake test are given. PMID- 1251159 TI - [Catamenial pneumothorax]. AB - Including the case herein recorded, 33 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax occurring concurrently with menses (catamenial pneumothorax) have now been reported. The pathogenesis of the pneumothorax is not understood; it appears to occur exclusively on the right side. In 27 patients who underwent exploratory right thoracotomy, pleural or diaphragmatic endometriosis was found in 8 cases. 11 patients had clinical or histologic evidence of pelvic endometriosis. PMID- 1251160 TI - [Juvenile colonic mucosal polyps in adults]. AB - The histology of all intestinal polyps removed endoscopically during the last 30 months has been reviewed. Among the 90 patients with a total of 154 polyps, 3 cases of juvenile polyps were found. All three were male adults who were aged 29, 34, and 50 years. In two patients the lesion was solitary, while one had polyposis with about 100 polyps. Macroscopically the juvenile polyps cannot be distinguished from adenomatous polyps, but their histologic appearance is typical. They are considered to be hamartomas and have no tendency to become malignant. Thus, juvenile polyposis does not represent a precancerous lesion as adenomatous polyposis does, and must therefore be treated differently. Therapy consists of endoscopic removal of all polyps. In order to differentiate juvenile from adenomatous polyps with certainty, histological examination of at least one polyp is necessary. This differential diagnosis is the indispensable precondition for appropriate therapy. PMID- 1251161 TI - [Booster vaccination with a diphtheria-tetanus vaccine for dermo-jet with low diphtheria toxoid content]. AB - Indications are provided on how the organization of polyvaccinations against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis and diphtheria-tetanus in school collectivities can be rationalized. 19 persons aged 19-20 years were vaccinated intradermally with 1.5 Lf diphtheria toxoid and 15 Lf tetanus toxoid (contained in 0.1 ml) by means of a single injection with a jet injector (Dermo-Jet). In cases which had not previously been immunized, vaccination with the toxoid doses employed did not induce detectable antitoxin titers. In all cases which had previously been immunized the antitoxin titers after the booster injection were at least 400 times higher than the protection threshold for diphtheria and 1700 times higher than the protection threshold for tetanus. This was also the case in preimmunized cases which had no detectable antitoxin titer before the vaccination. The increase in antitoxin titer was inversely proportional to the prevaccinal titer in the manner of a logarithmic exponential function. It may be concluded from these results that the benefit of a booster vaccination is particularly high in poorly immunized persons whereas it is clearly limited in cases showing a high prevaccinal titer. The well tolerated intradermal vaccination with the jet injector (Dermo-Jet) can be considered as equivalent to the subcutaneous technic. From the point of view of organization (time consumption, problems of sterilization) this method is much preferable to intramuscular or subcutaneous vaccination. PMID- 1251162 TI - [Rotor syndrome. A long-term study]. AB - A patient with Rotor syndrome has been followed up for 28 years. The subject was in good health and exhibited marked jaundice due to a hyperbilirubinemia ranging between 5 and 8 mg bilirubin per 100 ml, about 70% of the bilirubin giving direct van den Berg reaction. The liver was slightly enlarged and of normal color. Histologically it showed traces of a brown pigment and marked siderosis in the hepatocytes. In addition, mild hypersideremia and hypercholesteremia were observed together with increased amounts of bilirubin and urobilinogen in urine. Menthol glucuronide formation was normal. Hepatic excretion of bilirubin, sulfobromophthalein and radio-opaque dyes was impaired. There was no change in liver histology of biopsies taken at an interval of 6 years, the siderosis in particular remaining constant. During the observation a moderate increase in the activities of serum transaminases occurred but no longer recurred when physical and dietetic stress was avoided. PMID- 1251163 TI - [Sudden death from ventricular fibrillation after voluntary inhalation of chlorothene in a mechanics apprentice]. AB - In a 20-year-old apprentice mechanic who had deliberately inhaled chlorothene (1,1,1-trichloroethane) an episode of vomiting was followed by ventricular fibrillation with fatal outcome despite intensive care in hospital. Autopsy revealed no anatomical cause of death. This is the first case reported in Switzerland of "sudden sniffing death syndrome". PMID- 1251164 TI - [Editorial: Epidemiology of hypertension]. PMID- 1251165 TI - [The problem of hypertension in Switzerland. Analysis of a blood pressure study in 21,589 persons]. AB - Blood pressure measurements (Phyiometrics SR1) were performed on 21 589 persons visiting the Swiss Trade Fair in Basel in 1974. Diastolic pressures were found to be greater than or equal 110 mm Hg in 3%, greater than or equal 100 mm Hg in 7% and greater than or equal 95 mm Hg in 12% of the screened population. Including those under antihypertensive treatment, the prevalence of high blood pressure (diastolic pressure greater than or equal 95 mm Hg) amounted to 19% of the adult population. In 68% of the hypertensive screenees the condition was already known, 49% were under treatment and 35% were controlled (i.e. diastolic pressure less than 95 mm Hg). In other words - and here lies the unsolved problem - 32% of hypertensives are as yet undetected, 19% of the known cases are not treated, and 14% are inadequately treated. Of the hypertensive population 35% are adequately treated and 30% have mild hypertension. The remaining 35%, with diastolic pressure greater than or equal 100 mm Hg, require urgent attention and action. In Switzerland this problem can be tackled and solved by the general practitioner, who already play the major role in detection and treatment. PMID- 1251166 TI - [The value of lung scintigraphy in the staging of bronchial carcinoma. Prospective study for the determination of TN stages]. AB - A prospective study has been conducted to determine the clinical importance of lung scintigraphy in the work-up of patients thought to have bronchial carcinoma (i.e., accuracy of the scintigraphic diagnosis, data concerning spread of the primary tumor [=T] as well as the possibility of metastases to the lung hilus and mediastinum [=N]). Ninety-four patients, all of whom were hospitalized for suspected bronchial carcinoma, were examined by 133Xenon i.v., 133Xenon gas inhalation,, and 99mTc-MAA i.v. (macroaggregated albumin or microspheres of human albumin). The suspicion was confirmed in 77 patients. Central and peripheral bronchial carcinomas were kept separate in the evaluation. A normal lung scintigram practically rules out a central bronchial carcinoma. Where the scintigraphic finding prompts suspicion of central bronchial carcinoma, this suspicion must be confirmed by other examinations and preferably those which cytologically and histologically directly demonstrate the tumor. The diagnostic reliability of lung scintigraphy is drastically reduced in patients with bilateral ventilation disturbances. Because of its 27% rate of false negative findings, bronchoscopy is a less suitable means of ruling out bronchial carcinoma than scintigraphy. The peripheral bronchial carcinoma displays no characteristic scintigraphic signs; thus, a normal scintigram does not rule out peripheral bronchial carcinoma. Bronchoscopy was negative in all these patients. Spread of the primary tumor was exactly predicted with bronchoscopy in 11% and with scintigraphy in 42% of cases. When the scintigraphic criteria for hilar or mediastinal involvement are ful filled, it is practically certain that the patient is no longer radically operable. This assertion is valid when mediastinoscopy is normal. Lung scintigraphy possesses the same accuracy in the diagnosis of mediastinal involvement both with peripheral lung tumors and with centrally located tumors. PMID- 1251167 TI - [Paralysis after tetanus prevention]. AB - A rare case is presented of isolated paralysis of the left dentatus muscle in a 29-year-old woman following antitetanus vaccination by adsorbed toxoid injection in the left shoulder. In the light of a literature review the peculiarities of this case are pointed out and the risk factors which emerge from the patient's history are stressed. The discussion centres on the most favorable site for injection of toxoid, the controverted etiology of the affection and the desirability of some form of treatment. PMID- 1251168 TI - [Editorial: Edema from diuretics abuse]. PMID- 1251170 TI - [Therapy of refractory ventricular tachycardia in congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle. Clinical aspects and surgical therapy of a rare malformation]. AB - True congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle is an extremely rare lesion, usually associated with defects of the pericardium and the diaphragm. It is defined as a finger-like extension of the ventricular chamber with its wall consisting of all three layers of a normal heart-wall and with the ability to contract properly. Additional cardiac malformations may lead or contribute to early death; if not, the patients die from rupture of the diverticulum. To our knowledge the isolated form without pericardial defect has been reported only once before. The findings are described in an adult who presented with ventricular tachycardia at the age of 43 years. Complete normalization was achieved by resection of the diverticulum with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. The literature is reviewed for comparable cases. Etiological considerations are presented and the clinical features are discussed. PMID- 1251169 TI - [Urinary mercury excretion in professional users of an antiseptic soap containing 0,04% phenylmercury borate]. AB - Concentrations of mercury and of creatinine were measured under blind conditions in 84 samples of urine from 48 regularly using a liquid soap containing 0.04% phenylmercuric borate plus 3% hexachlorophene for hand disinfection ("users"), and in 138 urine samples of 80 subjects disinfecting their hands with a soap containing only hexachlorophene ("controls"). The concentration of mercury in the urine of users was 27+/-3 mug/1 (mean +/- SE), and in controls 8+/-1 mug/1; calculated total 24 h urinary mercury excretions were 27+/-2 mug/24 h users and 9+/-1 mug/24 h in controls. Women excreted slightly more mercury than men both in the user group and the control group. In both controls and users from whom a second urine sample was obtained after a 2-week interval the concentration of mercury was consistently lower in the second sample. No correlation was found between urinary excretion of mercury and frequency of handwashings or reported intake of mercury-containing food. No difference was found in the numbers of different types of urinary cells or urine pH as between users and controls. It is concluded 1) that regular hand disinfection with a liquid soap containing 0.04% phenylmercuric borate enhanced urinary excretion of mercury indicating an increase in total daily absorption of 30-100 mug Hg/24 h, 2) that the absorption of mercury from the phenylmercuric borate-containing soap occurred partly by transfer from the hands to the oral cavity, 3) that, though nontoxic in themselves, the additional amounts of mercury absorbed through the use of mercury contained in skin disinfectants are potentially dangerous due to as yet unknown interactions with other toxic or pathogenic factors. PMID- 1251171 TI - [Editorial: "Cardiomobil"]. PMID- 1251172 TI - [Organization of mobile intensive care in Zurich]. AB - A mobile intensive care unit (Kardiomobil) has been in operation in the Zurich area (600 000 inhabitants) since March 27, 1972. This unit is staffed by a doctor and a nurse experienced in coronary and intensive care and two ambulance drivers. Although primarily designed for pre-hospital coronary care, it is equipped and operated as a "mobile intensive care unit". PMID- 1251173 TI - [The prehospital phase of the acute myocardial infarct and its treatment in the mobile intensive care unit]. AB - Mortality in the early phase of an acute myocardial infarction is high. Approximately two thirds of coronary deaths occur before the patients reach hospital, and if this mortality is to be reduced the prehospital phase must be shortened. For this purpose, mobile intensive care units are in use in many places with good results. The delay during the prehospital phase of acute myocardial infarction in Zurich has been analyzed prospectively (1) in a study performed in 1971/72 prior to the institution of the mobile intensive care unit ("Kardiomobil"), and (2) during the first year of Kardiomobil service. In 180 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to hospital by Kardiomobil the prehospital phase was considerably shorter (median delay 2 h 11 min) than in 216 with myocardial infarction in the same period not transported by Kardiomobil (7 hr 11 min) and in the 196 patients of the pre-Kardiomobil study (5 hr 55 min). Not only was the delay due to transport shorter in the Kardiomobil group but also the patient's and doctor's delays. PMID- 1251174 TI - [Experiences with a mobile intensive care station (Kardiomobil) after 1 year's test operation in Zurich]. AB - The Zurich mobile intensive care unit (Kardiomobil) admitted 502 patients in the first year of operation. 191 patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction were seen. The Kardiomobil proved a success in shortening the total median delay between onset of symptoms and coronary care by 50%. Ten patients resuscitated outside the hospital were eventually discharged from hospital. 240 episodes of arrhythmia were observed in 182 of the 502 patients. 98 arrhythmias were successfully treated in this group, the best results being obtained in ventricular arrhythmias: 16 out of 26 patients with ventricular fibrillation were successfully defibrillated (61%), while 47 out of 53 episodes (89%) of frequent premature ventricular beats and all 9 episodes of ventricular tachycardia were corrected with lidocain and procainamid. PMID- 1251175 TI - [Reanimation outside the hospital by the mobile intensive care station in Zurich]. AB - Of 502 patients handled by a mobile intensive care unit, 70 were resuscitated: 20 immediately, 9 within 3 min and 41 later than 3 min from onset of cardiac or respiratory arrest. There were 9 temporary and 10 longterm survivors among the 29 patients who underwent resuscitative measures within 3 min of collapse. First-aid training programs in resuscitation methods are a necessary supportive measure to the operation of mobile intensive care units. PMID- 1251177 TI - A DNA operator-repressor system. PMID- 1251176 TI - [The problem of malignant recurring goiter]. AB - In a total of 29,060 autopsies at the Institute of Pathology, University of Zurich, between 1961 and 1973, 164 (0.56%) primary thyroid malignomas were diagnosed. 13 of these 164 patients with thyroid carcinoma showed a status post earlier strumectomy, representing 0.45% of the autopsies. On average 4.5% of the patients in our autopsy material had been previously thyroidectomized. The calculated chance combination of malignant thyroid tumor with status post earlier partial thyroidectomy is consequently 0.25%. This seems to suggest that malignomas develop nearly twice as often in previously operated thyroids, but histological review of these cases revealed that in 5 cases the primarily resected tumor had in fact to be reclassified as carcinoma. A further case probably belongs to the same group. Only in 7 cases (0.24%) did the carcinoma develop after partial strumectomy for a benign lesion. These percentage figures agree with the calculated probability of thyroid malignoma coinciding with previous strumectomy. Accordingly, these statistics lend no support to the contention that strumectomy predisposes the patient to thyroid malignoma. PMID- 1251178 TI - Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind. PMID- 1251179 TI - Social spiders. PMID- 1251180 TI - Fluorescence-activated cell sorting. PMID- 1251181 TI - The metabolism of alcohol. PMID- 1251183 TI - The resources of binocular perception. PMID- 1251182 TI - Polycyclic aromatic compounds in nature. PMID- 1251184 TI - Characterization of an episode with elevated ozone concentrations. AB - A detailed analysis has been made of a seven day period in 1973, during which elevated ozone levels were observed at Ottawa. In addition to the ozone data, results are also presented for oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, total hydrocarbons and particulate matter. The particulates were analyzed for seven constituents, including the cations ammonium, calcium, sodium, potassium and lead and the anions sulfate and nitrate. Also measured were several other properties of the particulates, including the size distribution. It was found that none of the other gaseous pollutants showed any increase in concentration when high ozone levels were present. In contrast, the particulate matter did increase and several constituents, notably ammonium and sulfate, showed a dramatic rise. A comparison with ozone data from Toronto and upper New York state showed that the high ozone concentrations were widespread. A meteorological analysis showed that elevated ozone levels were associated with a Tropical air mass with a moderate southwesterly flow of air. Trajectory calculations were carried out to show the origin of the air over Ottawa before, during and after the period of increased ozone. PMID- 1251185 TI - Mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry. PMID- 1251186 TI - Evolution of repeated DNA sequences by unequal crossover. AB - It is often supposed that highly repetitious DNA's arise only as a result of unusual mechanisms or in response to selective pressure. My arguments and simulations suggest, by contrast, that a pattern of tandem repeats is the natural state of DNA whose sequence is not maintained by selection. The simulations show that periodicities can develop readily from nonreptitious DNA as a result of the random accumulation of random mutations and random homology-dependent unequal crossovers. The lengths of these periodicities, and the patterns of subrepeats within them, would fluctuate in evolution, with the probability of a given pattern being dependent on the unknown exact nature of the crossover mechanism. Qualitatively, then, unequal crossover provides a reasonable and uncontrived explanation for the prevalence of highly repeated sequences in DNA and for the patterns of periodicity they evince. PMID- 1251187 TI - Brain acetylcholine: control by dietary choline. AB - Acetylcholine concentrations in whole rat brain or in various brain regions and free choline concentrations in blood serum and brain vary with dietary choline consumption. The increases in brain acetylcholine after treatment with physositigmine (an inhibitor of actylcholinesterase) or after consumption of a diet high in choline are additive, suggesting that choline acts by increasing acetylcholine synthesis. PMID- 1251189 TI - Experience modifies the plastic properties of identified neurons. AB - Crickets (Acheta domesticus) were reared in the presence of continuously repeating tone pulses. The responses of large abdominal interneurons to similar tone pulses were then compared. The giant interneurons of treated specimens are more resistant to habituation than those of control specimens. PMID- 1251188 TI - Prolonged ethanol consumption increases testosterone metabolism in the liver. AB - Male alcoholics often suffer from features of hypogonadism related to abnormal metabolism of sex steroids. Since the activity of testosterone reductases is rate limiting for testosterone metabolism in the liver, the effect of prolonged ethanol consumption by rats and human volunteers on the activities of these microsomal and cytosolic enzymes was studied. In rats, long-term ethanol ingestion doubled microsomal 5alpha-testosterone reductase activity, a major pathway for testosterone metabolism, while in human volunteers the activity was increased two- to fivefold. These changes may play a role in the altered androgenic activity of the chronic alcoholic. PMID- 1251190 TI - Consequences of a nationwide ban on spray adhesives alleged to be human teratogens and mutagens. AB - A report of an association of chromosome breakage and birth defects with spray adhesive exposure resulted in a ban on the sale of these products and nationwide publicity warning exposed women. Six months later the ban was removed; the association could not be confirmed. Replies to questionnaires sent to medical genetics centers throughout the United States revealed that more than 1100 inquiries had been received and more than 1200 working days were expended because of the issue. Eleven exposed women underwent diagnostic amniocentesis, and on elected to abort her fetus. Eight other women who were exposed also elected to do so, but without first undergoing diagnostic amniocentesis. The episode illustrates some of the unexpected and unnecessary consequenes that can arise from the false identification of an environmental agent as a mutagen or teratogen. PMID- 1251191 TI - Carotid body in the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Sixty-three percent of victims of the sudden infant death syndrome had a subnormal volume and 23 percent an enlarged volume of glomic cells in their carotid bodies. Evidences of antecedent chronic alveolar hypoxia and hypoxemia were found in both groups but were more severe in the victims with enlarged glomic tissue. PMID- 1251192 TI - Proviral DNA of Moloney leukemia virus: purification and visualization. AB - Closed-circular proviral DNA of Moloney leukemia virus has been purified from a 10(7) excess of cellular and mitochondrial DNA. The DNA can be visualized in the electron microscope and has the contour length of a molecule with a moleculecular weight of about 5.5 + 10(6). Electron microscopic observation of a hybrid between viral RNA and this circular DNA confirms the viral origin of this molecule. PMID- 1251193 TI - Antileukemic principles isolated from euphorbiaceae plants. AB - Extracts of Euphorbia esula L. and Croton tiglium L., two members of the Euphorbiaceae which have been used widely in folk medicine for treating cancers, showed antileukemic activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Systematic fractionation of the extract of Euphorbia esula L. led to characterization of a major antileukemic component as the new diterpenoid diester, ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate. Similar fractionation of Croton oil led to characterization of phorbol 12-tiglate 13-decanoate as an active principle. PMID- 1251194 TI - Amphibious behavior of Alligator mississippiensis: roles of a circadian rhythm and light. AB - Juvenile American alligators in outdoor pens moved out of and into the water at sunrise and sunset, respectively. When the natural light cycle was extended with artificial illumination, these movements gradually shifted into phase with the altered light cycles; therefore, the amphibious behavior was modulated by a circadian rhythm cued by light. Movement between land and water was characterized by a decrease in body temperature, which suggests that it is was not simply a proximate heat-seeking response. After the movements had been in phase with the altered light cycles for a time, they spontaneously shifted back into phase with the natural light cycl. A changing response to light is viewed as an adaptation to seasonal changes in heat availability. PMID- 1251195 TI - Binocular interaction in strabismic kittens deprived of Vision. AB - Artificial strabismus in kittens decreases the proportion of binocularly driven units in area 17 of the cortex. This change in the binocular interaction of cortical cells also takes place if the kittens are deprived of vision from the day in which the strabismus is surgically produced to the day of the electrophysiological recording. Thus, altered motility of the eyes per se is sufficient to affect binocular interaction in the neurons of area 17 of the cortex. PMID- 1251196 TI - Theory of photochemical reactions. AB - Although the great number of electronic states available to an excited molecule might seem to preclude a coherent picture of photochemical reaction mechanisms, it is possible to bring out some basic features common to a great many reactions. The electronic states of the primary diradical intermediates, surface crossings, topicity, and avoided surface crossings have been shown to be essential components of the electronic theory of photochemical reactions. Diradicals have four important electronic states. Knowing these states, and making a simple electron count, it is possible to draw state correlation diagrams. Some diagrams show a typical surface crossing of the ground singlet state with the lowest (singlet, triplet) pair of excited states, with clear-cut consequences of quantum yields under various conditions. In other reactions the surfaces stay apart. The critical discriminating feature that determines the type of correlation diagram is the topicity. Photochemical reactions can be classified according to topicity, which is useful in interpreting their mechanisms (53). Avoided surface crossings can also be classified into different types. Figure 7, which illustrates the interplay of a covalent and an ionic surface responsible for photochemical electron transfer, is a typical multidimensional representation of a photochemical reaction. The chemical behavior of the excited zwitterionic states of common intermediates, such as twisted ethylene or diallyl, reflects the quantum mechanical nature of photochemical processes. In these states, for perfectly symmetric systems, charge oscillates back and forth between two symmetry-equivalent sites. Slight geometric perturbations can create a sudden polarization of the excited molecule, with localization of almost a full charge at one end of the molecule. A photon is transformed into an electrical signal thanks to an appropriate molecular distortion. Nature may have used this simple process in the N-retinylidene visual chromophore to trigger an electrical response to vision. PMID- 1251197 TI - Surface predominance of trace elements in airborne particles. AB - A number of minor and trace elements including Be, C, Ca, Cr, K, Li, Mn, Na, P, Pb, S, Tl, V, and Zn present in coal fly ash are found to be preferentially concentrated on the particle surfaces. Environmentally effective concentrations of these elements are thus much higher than indicated by conventional bulk analyses. PMID- 1251198 TI - Demonstration of kinetoplast DNA in dyskinetoplastic strains of Trypanosoma equiperdum. AB - 4,6 Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) forma a highly fluorescent complex with DNA which allows detection of mitochondrial DNA (K-DNA) in normal and dyskinetoplastic strains of Trypanosoma equiperdum. The K-DNA DAPI complexes in the dyskinetoplastic cells, cells lacking detactable K-DNA by other cytochemical methods, are not restricted to a single region of the organism as in the normal strain, but are seen as a row of particles. These observations support the hypothesis that the K-DNA is retained in dyskinetoplastic cells. PMID- 1251199 TI - Nicotinic acid reduction of plasma volume loss after thermal trauma. AB - Intravenous administration of nicotinic acid to the anesthetized dog prior to thermal trauma reduced plasma loss at 10 minutes after burn from 7 milliliters per kilogram to less than 2 millimeters per kilogram. During the next 50 minutes plasma loss was the same in treated and untreated animals. An additional dose of nicotinic acid 30 minutes after burn prevented this further loss. PMID- 1251200 TI - Human newborns differentiate differing concentrations of sucrose and glucose. AB - One- to three-day-old infants who sucked to obtain flavored water revealed a precisely graded tongue movement which was sensitive to the gustatory properties of the flavored water. Stronger concentrations of sucrose and glucose elicited movements of greater amplitude than did weaker concentrations; sucrose was effective at lower concentrations than was glucose. These results correspond well with the relative sweetness adults attribute to these solutions in psychophysical studies. PMID- 1251201 TI - Letter: Gender identity and hermaphroditism. PMID- 1251202 TI - Californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy. AB - We have shown that 252Cf-PDMS is capable of producing mass spectra of quasi molecular ions for a wide variety of compounds, including amino acids, moderately large peptides, nucleotides, and natural products. Positive and negative ion mass spectra can be obtained, and in many cases quasi-molecular ions are observed in both. The method is nondestructive, as only a relatively few molecules are used and samples can be recovered after the measurement is made. Fragmentation patterns are obtained which can yield structure information. The present sensitivity of the method is at the nanogram level and there are possibilities for reducing this to picograms. The mass resolution is sufficient to give elemental identification up to mass 500. This may be extended to higher masses with improved time-of-flight techniques. There are indications that 252Cf-PDMS may extend the mass range of molecules that can be studied to as high as 3000 or more. PMID- 1251203 TI - Field evaluation of benzopyrene hydroxylase induction as a monitor for marine petroleum pollution. AB - Fish from petroleum-contaminated sites in the marine environment have elevated levels of benzopyrene hydroxylase activity in liver and gill tissue. This sublethal response appears to be a practical biological monitor for marine petroleum pollution. PMID- 1251204 TI - H blood types in pigs as predictors of stress susceptibility. AB - At least two genotypes in the H system of blood groups in pigs are responsible for blood types associated with the porcine stress syndrome (PSS), and at least three genotypes are responsible for blood types associated with freedom from PSS. Two blood types, each of which apparently may result from more than one genotype, are associated with PSS in some pigs and not in others. PMID- 1251205 TI - Dimethyl disulfide: an attractant pheromone in hamster vaginal secretion. PMID- 1251206 TI - Coordinated activities of middle-ear and laryngeal muscles in echolocating bats. AB - The middle-ear muscles and laryngeal muscles of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) are highly developed. When the bat emits orientation sounds, action potentials of middle-ear muscles appear approximately 3 milliseconds after those of the laryngeal muscles; this activity of middle-ear muscles attenuates the vocal self-stimulation and improves the performance of the echolocation system. When an acoustic stimulus is delivered, both types of muscles contract; action potentials of the laryngeal muscles appear approximately 3 milliseconds after those of the middle-ear muscles. These two groups of muscles are apparently activated in a coordinated manner not only by the nerve impulses from the vocalization center, but also by those from the auditory system. PMID- 1251207 TI - Perceptual illusion of rotation of three-dimensional objects. AB - Perspective views of the same three-dimensional object in two orientations, when presented in alternation, produced an illusion of rigid rotation. The minimum cycle duration required for the illusion increased linearly with the angular difference between the orientations and at the same slope for rotations in depth and in the picture plane. PMID- 1251208 TI - Fishes in oxygen-minimum zones: blood oxygenation characteristics. AB - Teleosts living in some mid-water pelagic regions of the Pacific are hypoxic or anaerobic during most of the day and become aerobic only during their diurnal migrations to and from the sea surface. The blood oxygen capacities of these fishes are among the lowest ever reported, and the oxygen dissociation curves show a very low affinity for oxygen. PMID- 1251209 TI - Epoxide to olefin: a novel biotransformation in the rumen. AB - Studies with an insect juvenile hormone mimic and the insecticide dieldrin have shown that enzymatic processes in the rumen reduce the epoxide moiety in these compounds to an olefin. This reaction is apparently microbial in origin and does not involve an observable intermediate. Epoxide reductions in the digestive tract of ruminants and possibly other mammals may be important in the detoxication of biologically active epoxides, including pesticides, alkylating agents, and carcinogens. PMID- 1251210 TI - Antagonism of stimulation-produced analgesia by naloxone, a narcotic antagonist. AB - Analgesia produced by focal electrical stimulation of the brain is partially reversed by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. The absence of complete reversal does not appear to be caused by inadequate doses of naloxone since doses higher than 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight did not increase the antagonism. It is suggested that stimulation-produced analgesia may result, at least in part, from release of an endogenous, narcotic-like substance, such as that recently reported by other investigators. PMID- 1251211 TI - Horizontal cell potentials: dependence on external sodium ion concentration. AB - The membrane potential of the horizontal cell of the axolotl is highly dependent on the extracellular concentration of sodium. Experimental results reported here are consistent with the suggestion that in the dark the receptors release a synaptic transmitter which increases primarily the sodium conductance of the postsynaptic membrane. Externally applied aspartate or glutamate depolarizes the horizontal cell membrane and eliminates the light response of the horizontal cell. However, it appears to increase the conductances of the postsynaptic membrane to several ions rather than just to sodium ions. PMID- 1251212 TI - Selenium in fly ash. AB - Selenium, at concentrations exceeding 200 parts per million (ppm) (dry weight), has been found in white sweet clover voluntarily growing on beds of fly ash in central New York State. Guinea pigs fed such clover concentrated selenium in their tissues. The contents of the honey stomachs of bees foraging on this seleniferous clover contained negligible selenium. Mature vegetables cultured on 10 percent (by weight) fly ash-amended soil absorbed up to 1 ppm of selenium. Fly ashes from 21 states contained total selenium contents ranging from 1.2 to 16.5 ppm. Cabbage grown on soil containing 10 percent (by weight) of these fly ashes absorbed selenium (up to 3.7 ppm) in direct proportion (correlation coefficient r = .89) to the selenium concentration in the respective fly ash. Water, aquatic weeds, algae, dragonfly nymphs, polliwogs, and tissues of bullheads and muskrats from a fly ash-contaminated pond contained concentrations of selenium markedly elevated over those of controls. PMID- 1251213 TI - Psychiatric labeling in cross-cultural perspective. PMID- 1251214 TI - Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid. AB - Midwater squid respond to overhead illumination by turning on numerous downward directed photophores; they turn off the photophores when overhead illumination is eliminated. The squid are invisible when the intensity of the photophores matches the intensity of the overhead illumination. These results strongly support the theory of ventral bioluminescent countershading. PMID- 1251215 TI - Egg transport in the rabbit oviduct: the roles of cilia and muscle. AB - Ciliary ovum transport through the oviductal ampulla was investigated, in vivo, by blocking smooth muscle activity. Isoproterenol eliminated rapid muscle-induced egg movements, yet the egg and its surrounding cells reached the site of fertilization within normal time limits. The role of cilia in ovum transport thus seems more important than that of the smooth muscle. PMID- 1251216 TI - Segmentation in cinema perception. AB - Viewers perceptually segment moving picture sequences into their cinematically defined units: excerpts that follow short film sequences are recognized faster when the excerpt originally came after a structural cinematic break (a cut or change in the action) than when it originally came before the break. PMID- 1251217 TI - Brain wave components of the contingent negative variation in humans. AB - In a contingent negative variation paradigm with two stimuli paired at an interstimulus interval of 4 seconds, two distinct waveforms having functional and topographic differences are observed. An early wave is maximal over the frontal cortex and is elicited by the warning stimulus. A later wave, maximal over the motor cortex, precedes the imperative stimulus and is identified with preparation for motor response. PMID- 1251218 TI - Roentgenographic changes in the arthiritides (Part II). PMID- 1251219 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a general review and report of 100 patients observed for 15 years. PMID- 1251220 TI - Hematopoietic factors in polycythemia vera. PMID- 1251221 TI - Cytogenetic studies in polycythemia vera. PMID- 1251223 TI - The treatment of polycythemia vera. PMID- 1251222 TI - Autonomous erythropoiesis induced by a virus. AB - In this communication, data are presented on a virus-induced murine polycythemia (FV-P) that might serve as a useful model in providing information toward an understanding of autonomous erythropoiesis. In addition, the virus that induces this autonomous erythropoiesis is defective and requires a leukemia virus to manifest the spleen focus formation and polycythemia. An analysis of the defectiveness of FV-P has not only increased our understanding of the relationship of FV-P and leukemia helpers but has also shown that this defective virus system may be exploited to detect and characterize any virus isolate or component involved in human polycythemia. PMID- 1251224 TI - The evolution into and the treatment of late stage polycythemia vera. AB - The onset of postpolycythemic myeoloid metaplasia or spent polycythemia has been recognized for many years. As the result of many different series, the development of postpolycythemic myeolid metaplasia might be expected in from 15% 20% of patients with postpolycythemia vera. It appears that an etiologic role for sodium phosphate 32P may exist in this evolutionary pattern. About 70% of patients with PPMM will have symptoms with the onset of the syndrome. The major mechanisms producing symptoms result from (1) anemia, (2) pressure from massive splenomegaly, and (3) bleeding problems. Iron deficiency is a frequent cause of anemia in patients with PPMM. The major mechanism of anemia in these patients, however, relates to ineffective erythropoiesis and shortened red cell survival. Androgen trials for ineffective erythropoiesis seem worthwhile, although data on this point is too limited to draw any firm conclusions. A steroid trial for those patients with major hemolytic episodes is indicated. In those patients in whom adrenal steroid therapy fails to control major hemolysis, a consideration for splenectomy exists. Pressure-related manifestations secondary to massive splenomegaly have been treated with radiation therapy and oral alkylators. Although there is data to document amelioration of painful symptoms with associated shrinking of the spleen, long-term control of this problem has not been forthcoming. Again, patients who are medical failures in control of pressure related manifestations may be considered for splenectomy. Bleeding problems may arise with PPMM secondary to thrombocytopenia, thrombocythemia, or qualitative platelet dysfunction. Adrenal steroids have met with some success in improving platelet counts in patients with life-threatening thrombocytopenia. Those patients who are medical failures with adrenal steroids in terms of thrombocytopenia might be candidates for splenectomy. Control of thrombocythemia has been observed with oral alkylator therapy and chlorambucil may have a special role in managing this complication. Qualitative platelet defects leading to severe bleeding are best managed with fresh platelet transfusions. Patients with PPMM in contrast to patients with agnogenic myeoloid metaplasia have a more lethal syndrome and shortened survivorship. Causes of death in patients with PPMM include cardiac problems, transition to acute leukemia, hemorrhage, and infection. PMID- 1251225 TI - Multiple intracranial calcifications. PMID- 1251226 TI - Case of the winter season. PMID- 1251228 TI - Editorial: The partnership of dentistry and medicine. PMID- 1251227 TI - Ataxia-telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome). PMID- 1251229 TI - Use of Roux-en-Y diversion of duodenal secretions in the treatment of reflux gastritis. AB - Animal experiments and clinical studies suggest that duodenal secretions may be harmful to gastric mucosa after the antrum has been resected. Reflux of duodenal secretions into the gastric remnant after operation for ulcer disease may lead to the symptom complex of reflux gastritis. The injurious agent in the duodenal secretions has yet to be identified. Its relationship to altered gastric mucosa has not been fully elucidated. Diversion of the flow of duodenal secretions away from the stomach may relieve symptoms. Of several surgical procedures used, the Roux-en-Y limb has consistently afforded the best clinical result. Presented are 15 patients who had Roux-en-Y diversion for postoperative reflux gastritis. All patients showed marked improvement after this procedure. Twelve patients also had associated esophagitis. All original procedures were for benign ulcer disease. Three of the patients, who had Henley jejunal loop interpositions, continued to have symptoms which were relieved after conversion to a Roux-en-Y limb. PMID- 1251230 TI - Current views on the management of obesity. AB - In the last five years, much information has been gathered about the efficacy of several technics for managing obesity. Hospitalization with fasting, surgery, drugs, weight reducing clubs, and behavior modification methods have proven efficacious for select groups of obese individuals. Methods of behavior modification appear to offer some of the most promising management technics, since results are good, and cost and discomfort to the patient are minimal. PMID- 1251231 TI - Subluxation of the carpal navicular bone. AB - A review of seven cases of subluxation of the carpal navicular indicated a vast discrepancy in result between those surgically reduced within five weeks and those that persist at two years unrecognized. Perilunal dislocations universally produced subluxations that required open reduction of subluxed naviculo-lunate articulation. With an appreciation of normal radiologic navicular relationships, one should recognize a subluxation early, correct it by open reduction, and thus prevent a chronic disability to a wrist. Late attempts at relocating and remodeling the navicular seemed only partially rewarding, since patients continued to have considerable disability. PMID- 1251232 TI - Ipsilateral fractures of the elbow and forearm. AB - One hundred and fifty-one patients with distal humeral fractures admitted to three major hospitals in Atlanta were studied retrospectively. Of these, 15 (10%) also had a fracture of the ipsilateral forearm. These appeared to be more severe injuries with a history of greater trauma and more displacement in the elbow fractures. The incidence of complications was the same in both groups with the exception of a higher incidence of cubitus varus among patients with combined fractures. PMID- 1251233 TI - Convulsive toxemia of pregnancy (eclampsia). AB - A retrospective study investigated the epidemlologic characteristics of eclamptic patients seen at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Between January 1955 and June 1973, 194 patients were discharged from our hospital with the diagnosis of eclampsia. Although our incidence of severe forms of toxemia of pregnancy has decreased from 6.8 per 1,000 deliveries from 1955 to 1960 to 4.8 per 1,000 deliveries from 1970 to 1973, it is still three times higher than for the United States overall. Our patients generally were young, unmarried, and without adequate prenatal care. Primary therapy for severe preeclampsia and eclampsia consists of bed rest and administration of magnesium sulfate until stable, and then delivery. Therapy for the eclamptic patient includes control of the convulsions, administration of magnesium sulfate, and delivery when the patient's condition has stabilized. Antihypertensives and diuretics are used for cardiovascular indications. PMID- 1251234 TI - Anesthesia and hepatic artery ligation. AB - Hospital and anesthesia records of 39 patients who had hepatic artery ligation for severe hepatic trauma were analyzed retrospectively to acquire information on any relationships between choice of anesthetic, preoperative physical condition of the patient, type and incidence of complications, and mortality. Patients who had lost the most blood received neuroleptanalgesia, ketamine, or cyclopropane; those with more stable cardiovascular status received halothane; those in severe circulatory compromise received only oxygen and muscle relaxants. Trends in results of postoperative liver function tests were not related to type of anesthesia. Of the 12 deaths, seven were due to massive bleeding, three to septicemia, one to multiple complications, and one to hepatorenal failure 18 days postoperatively. Choice of anesthetic agent appeared to have no significant influence on postoperative morbidity and mortality; rather, the choice of anesthesia depended on the preoperative physical (especially hemodynamic) status of the patient, which in turn reflected the apparent blood loss estimated at induction. PMID- 1251235 TI - Methylphenidate: a review. AB - Methylphenidate is a useful, proven method for the effective treatment of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD). Dosage should be titrated individually for each patient, and it is best to start with small doses given at least 15 to 30 minutes before meals. Toxicity, side effects, and drug abuse are not major problems. Unfortunately it is not yet possible to determine in advance who will and will not benefit from drug therapy; not all patients do. Treatment of MBD requires a multidisciplinary approach, for no one discipline alone can satisfactorily solve the problems involved. We believe, however, that medicine is the primary therapy in most instances. PMID- 1251236 TI - Effect of fluoroscopic tube placement on basal gastric secretion collections. AB - To determine whether fluoroscopic positioning of nasogastric tubes is useful in the measurement of basal gastric acid output, four subjects were studied six times each and two subjects ten times each. Fluoroscopic positioning was used or not used according to random sequences. No more gastric juice was obtained in the collections after fluoroscopic positioning of the nasogastric tube than after blind placement. The results suggest no routine need to use fluoroscopic tube placement in the absence of prior gastric surgery. PMID- 1251237 TI - Clear corneal section and cataract extraction. AB - The technic of clear corneal cataract extraction was used in 365 cases, and the visual and postoperative results are reviewed. Visual acuity of 20/30 or better was obtained in 71% of cases, and there was corneal astigmatism of one diopter or less in 33%. Hyphema and shallow anterior chamber were encountered in less than 2% of cases. No instance of epithelial downgrowth was encountered. A renewal of interest in this technic of cataract extraction is encouraged. PMID- 1251238 TI - Cholegraphy-induced acute renal failure: its relation to subsequent surgical therapy. AB - The cases of three patients who developed acute renal failure shortly after receiving oral or intravenous cholegraphic agents are analyzed, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Two patients required subsequent surgical intervention: one had cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration; the other had right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy for coexistent gangrenous cholecystitis and appendicitis. The third patient had chronic active liver disease. In all three, the cholegraphic agents were given while the patients were dehydrated. Two patients required hemodialysis. In all three, renal function returned to normal and was not altered by the subsequent surgical intervention. The cause of this complication remains uncertain but hepatic dysfunction and the combination of uricosuria and dehydration are possible factors. Awareness of its occurrence should result in proper hydration of patients prior to the administration of cholegraphic agents. Surgical intervention, if necessary, can be performed safely, preferably after renal function has returned to normal. PMID- 1251239 TI - Electromyographic studies in peripheral nerve injuries. AB - In every aspect of management of peripheral nerve injury, needle electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies can give the clinician valuable objective information to supplement clinical findings. Comprehensive EMG studies in the fourth week after injury are helpful in diagnosing nerve injury, in localizing the site of injury, and in estimating the extent of injury. (In medicolegal situations, the first EMG study should be done within the first five days.) To assess the need for surgical exploration in cases of severe nerve injury, another EMG evaluation should be done eight weeks after injury. If there is no clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of improvement, surgical exploration is recommended. At exploration, the simple study of nerve potential on the exposed nerve in continuity will help the surgeon decide between neurorrhaphy and neurolysis. To assess regeneration, EMG study eight weeks after repair is recommended. When objective evidence of clinical improvement is desirable, serial EMP studies at intervals of four months are in order. To assess the recovery or residual effects of a lesion, final EMG study is recommended 18 months after injury or repair. PMID- 1251240 TI - Life stress and psychiatric clinic referral. AB - A "life stress" scale is applied to the antecedent events motivating 179 patients to seek outpatient psychiatric help. Intake evaluation reports of patients who kept their appointments at the Adult Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of Vanderbilt University Hospital over a three-month period were reviewed. Almost half of the consecutive new patients indicated that a marriage-related or family-related problem had led them to seek an appointment at the clinic. "Life stress" scales, particularly those developed by Holmes and Rahe and by Paykel, invariably rank undesirable marital and family life events as having high stressful impact. Previous studies have examined life events antecedent to various medical and psychiatric illness, but not the events motivating a patient to seek psychiatric help. PMID- 1251241 TI - Transsexualism: A selective review. AB - Progress in evaluating and treating the patient who seeks a change of sex is reviewed. The causes of transsexualism and the clinical differentiation of transsexualism, transvestism, and homosexuality are discussed. Criteria for selecting candidates for sex reassignment surgery are given, and preliminary results of work at Vanderbilt University are reported. PMID- 1251243 TI - Persistent brow presentation: a new approach to management. AB - When the fetal vertex is extended on the spinal column and the brow becomes the presenting part, it is termed "brow presentation." Persistent brow presentation occurs when there is no spontaneous conversion after the onset of active labor. Since there is a risk in the vaginal delivery of such fetuses, it should not be attempted where there is known maternal disease or evidence of acute or chronic intrauterine fetal distress. During labor, cesarean section is indicated if there is cephalopelvic disproportion, if the fetal head is not in the frontoanterior position, if there is abnormal labor, or if there is evidence of fetal distress. Continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia should be given, and only manual conversion is used. The fetus is monitored continuously. PMID- 1251242 TI - Edwardsiella tarda bacteremia. AB - Presented are two case reports of patients with Edwardsiella bacteremia who survived after chloramphenicol and gentamicin therapy in one case and cephalothin and kanamycin therapy in the other case. Of four previously reported patients, only one survived. One of our two patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with bacterial endocarditis and, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of E tarda endocarditis. The clinical and laboratory features of disease due to this unusual pathogen are reviewed. PMID- 1251244 TI - Effects of monitoring the usage of antibiotics: an interhospital comparison. AB - Use of selected systemic antimicrobial agents at Boston City Hospital (BCH) has been monitored by requiring that choice of those agents be justified to a member of the Infectious Diseases Unit before the agent is dispensed for use in a patient. The amounts of various antimicrobial agents and classes of agents used at BCH in 1972 differed considerably from amounts used in other hospitals where restraint was not employed. Whether these differences in usage led to better care for the patient could not be determined from the data presented. These aspects must be studied in greater detail to determine the benefits, if any, that may be derived from such surveillance and control, especially in view of recent proposals for implementation of "peer review" in this as well as other areas. PMID- 1251245 TI - A state-wide survey of drug issues in industry. AB - A state-wide survey of 268 industries within the Commonwealth of Virginia indicated that industry appears to have a problem particularly with alcoholism and that the climate concerning the continued employment of persons who were undergoing treatment and the hiring of persons who have successfully completed a drug treatment program appears very positive. PMID- 1251246 TI - Genital cytologic abnormalities in patients having therapeutic abortion. AB - In the three years 1971-1973, 1,032 patients had therapeutic abortions at the Duke University Medical Center. Of these 99 (9.59%) had abnormal cervical cells on routine preabortion Papanicolaou smears. The patient who presents for therapeutic abortion appears to be at high risk for early cervical neoplasia. Therefore, it is mandatory that evaluation of the preabortion patient include adequate genital cytologic studies with means for proper follow-up. PMID- 1251247 TI - Large state hospitals: problems and a solution. AB - Periodic outcries have focused attention on gross deficiencies in our large state hospitals. Shortages of psychiatrists, commonly attributed to insufficient funding, also may be due in part to lack of prestige and power, disadvantages of public practice and unrewarding relationships with involuntary patients. In spite of discouraging experiences for more than three decades, we continue to ask what can be done to improve large state hospitals and persist in thinking that a workable formula will be found. Logically this is most unlikely, and a better approach might be to raise a different question. I have suggested that we ask, "What can replace large state hospitals?" and to this question I have offered an answer. PMID- 1251248 TI - Renal angiomyolipoma. AB - An unusual case of a patient with tuberous sclerosis who presented initially with renal symptoms is presented. Electromicroscopic observations showed the smooth muscles to contain myofilaments and an unusual amount of glycogen. Although the response of the tumor vessels to epinephrine in angiomyolipoma is considered similar to that of renal cell carcinoma in that no vasoconstriction occurs, the reverse occurred in our case. A thin, lucent cleavage line around portions of the periphery of the angiomyolipoma was also noticed. Isolated angiomyolipoma in patients without tuberous sclerosis is difficult to differentiate from renal cell carcinoma; therefore, radical nephrectomy is usually the treatment of choice. Angiomyolipomas associated with tuberous sclerosis are easier to diagnose and are multiple and bilateral; therefore, a more conservative approach usually is indicated. PMID- 1251249 TI - Acute meningococcemia without meningitis in association with influenza-like illness. AB - An outbreak of meningococcal disease in a family of six resulted in four simultaneous cases of meningococcemia without meningitis. Although no definite explanation for this unusual collection of meningococcemia cases could be identified, a preceding influenza-like illness in the family may have increased their susceptibility to meningococcemia. PMID- 1251250 TI - Modern concepts of hemophilia. PMID- 1251251 TI - Clinicopathologic conference: a case of multiple myeloma followed up for 15 years. PMID- 1251252 TI - Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease. AB - An unusual case of portal hypertension in an asymptomatic 33-year-old man is presented. The findings of splenomgealy, esophageal and gastric varices, a patent umbilical vein with associated venous hum, and three normal liver biopsies qualify him for the diagnosis of Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease. Possible etiologic explanations of his portal hypertension are discussed. PMID- 1251253 TI - A rare case of spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder. AB - An extremely rare case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder, caused by a combination of a tumor of the vesical wall and an impacted urethral stone, is reported. The patient's symptoms suggested a perforated hollow viscus. Under general anesthesia the urethral stone was removed, while at laparotomy a diffuse peritonitis with blood-stained purulent fluid emerging from the ruptured bladder was found. The vesical wall was repaired and the peritoneal cavity was drained. In spite of the patient's advanced age and debilitated condition and the generalized peritonitis, the postoperative course was uneventful and the patient recovered promptly. Although spontaneous rupture of this kind is rare, one needs to consider unsuspected bladder rupture in any acute abdomen, especially if the patient is in the prostatic age group or has voiding problems. PMID- 1251254 TI - [Immediate and remote means of eliminating the differences in medical service to the urban and rural population]. PMID- 1251255 TI - [Improvement of the organizational form of medical service to the rural population]. PMID- 1251256 TI - [Some problems in the management and control of urban hospitals]. PMID- 1251257 TI - [Experience in the organization of specialized medical services for the rural population]. PMID- 1251258 TI - [Staging of the organization of medical care of the rural population (according to data of 3 rural regions of the Lithuanian SSR)]. PMID- 1251259 TI - [Preventive medical examination of nephrologic patients under conditions of a medical-sanitary unit]. PMID- 1251260 TI - [Incidence of concomitant diseases in patients with myocardial infarcts]. PMID- 1251261 TI - [Some social-hygienic aspects of morbidity with temporary work incapacity due to prolonged and frequent illnesses of workers in the automobile industry]. PMID- 1251262 TI - [Role of the medical colleges in the training of physicians in the problem of health protection of the external environment]. PMID- 1251263 TI - [Computerized tomography of the skull: new dimension of the x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 1251264 TI - [Identity mark and x-ray indentification]. PMID- 1251265 TI - Trauma of the arterial supply to the brain visualised by angiography. AB - The radiographic appearances of some of the many changes that occur within the arterial supply to the brain after trauma are discussed. PMID- 1251266 TI - The aetiology and management of idiopathic sudden hearing loss. AB - Idiopathic sudden hearing loss is discussed with particular reference to aetiology and management. A scheme for rational diagnosis and treatment, based on the authors' experience and recent findings of other workers, is proposed. PMID- 1251268 TI - Letter: The value of the effort ECG. PMID- 1251267 TI - Pulmonary embolism in the Rhodesian Black. AB - Pulmonary embolism is less frequent in Blacks than in Whites. Deep vein thrombosis is probably not uncommon in Blacks, but relatively few of them develop pulmonary embolism. Postoperative pulmonary embolism in Blacks is probably far less common than in Whites. We are dealing with a relatively young Black population, compared with the White one, and therefore more cases might be expected among the Black population as its life expectancy improves. PMID- 1251269 TI - A comparative study of tuberculin tine and Mantoux tests. AB - The tuberculin tine (old tuberculin) and the Mantoux (stabilised purified protein derivative-PPD) tests were compared by using them in two simultaneous skin tests on patients with tuberculosis. The tine is sterile, disposable, and easy to administer and the agreement between the two tests was satisfactory. The tuberculin tine test is recommended as a useful screening test when tuberculosis is suspected. PMID- 1251270 TI - The heart in rheumatoid arthritis: an echocardiographic study. AB - An echocardiographic study of 44 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis was carried out by means of a Picker ultrasonic laminograph. A posterior pericardial effusion was found in 14 patients (32%) and pericardial thickening in 5 (11%). The maximum amplitude of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve was reduced in 18 patients, and the diastolic (EF) slope was abnormal in 17 patients. The posterior cusp movement and left ventricle diameter were normal. The over-all incidence of cardiac involvement in these patients was 73%. The incidence of heart abnormalities given by echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac manifestation of rehumatoid arthritis correlates well with the incidence derived from postmortem studies. PMID- 1251271 TI - Letter: Constriction of the umbilical cord by an amniotic band. PMID- 1251272 TI - Comparison of transverse and vertical skin incisions for Caesarean section. AB - A comparison is made of the transverse and the vertical skin incision for Caesarean section. The advantages of the transverse incision are clearly demonstrated and discussed. PMID- 1251273 TI - The value and dangers of gynaecological cytology. AB - The value of gynaecological cytology is briefly summarised, possible pitfalls from the viewpoint of the clinician and the laboratory are enumerated, and the importance of quality control and the necessity of research to validate mass screening programmes are emphasised. PMID- 1251274 TI - The nephrotic syndrome in children. AB - Fifty-one children (30 Black and 21 Indian) with the nephrotic syndrome were studied. Renal biopsies were done on all. There were marked histological differences between the two racial groups. In the Black group membraneous and membranoproliferative nephropathies were commonest and no patient with minimal change was encountered. In the Indian group minimal change nephropathy was commonest. PMID- 1251276 TI - Intraspinal lipoma. A case report. AB - A case of intraspinal lipoma is reported. The condition is discussed, the literature reviewed and the method of treatment described. PMID- 1251275 TI - Viable pregnancy after prolonged periods of secondary infertility. AB - Case records of 206 pregnant patients who had not had a viable pregnancy for 10 years or more, are presented. In the antenatal period, 59.7% of patients went through their pregnancy with no complications. The commonest complications were pre-eclampsia and non-proteinuric hypertension. Labour was essentially normal in the majority of cases, and of the 183 patients who were allowed to labour, 171 (93.4%) were delivered vaginally. Caesarean section was performed in 17% of cases, which is 3 times the over-all Caesarean section rate for the hospital during the same period. The indications for Caesarean section are appreciably less restricted in these patients. There was a two-fold increase in the incidence of breech presentation. This may be partly explained by the higher incidence of premature births found in this group of patients. The over-all risk to the infant is increased, mainly because of prematurity, but also owing to a slight increase in the number of congenital abnormalities. PMID- 1251277 TI - Exercise Physiology. PMID- 1251278 TI - Adriamycin in the treatment of cancer. AB - Adriamycin is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours. The results obtained with this agent in 159 patients with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic malignancies are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in mesothelioma (3/9) and lung cancer (5/15). A variety of other neoplasms was also treated and results obtained in neuroblastoma, testicular tumours, stomach carcinoma, breast cancer and nephroblastoma are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and toxicity. Results in 72 patients with advanced breast cancer, who received adriamycin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen patients with primary liver cancer were also treated with adriamycin. To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in patients with this resistant form of cancer. The prophylactic use of adriamycin against osteogenic sarcoma is also discussed. PMID- 1251279 TI - The use of intra-aortic balloon pumping in cardiac surgical patients. AB - Experience in the use of intra-aortic balloon pumping for moribund cardiac surgical patients over a 10-month period is presented. Of the 11 patients reported, 5 survived and have left hospital. The mechanism of diastolic augmentation of the circulation is discussed and the details of its clinical use are outlined. PMID- 1251280 TI - Acute renal failure. Experience with 52 patients treated at Livingstone Hospital. AB - Fifty-two cases of acute renal failure at Livingstone Hospital were studied. Twenty-two cases were obstetric, 10 surgical and 20 medical. The aetiological factors are tabulated and the pathophysiology is reported. Clinical features and biochemical abnormalities are presented. Infection was the commonest associated factor, followed by hypotension and volume problems, coagulation disorders, jaundice and hepatic failure, respiratory failure, pancreatitis and typhoid fever. In 7 of the medical cases the aetiology was unknown and was assumed to be toxic. A case history of a patient with leptospirosis, acute renal failure, liver failure and pancreatitis is presented. The mortality in this series was 32%. PMID- 1251281 TI - An evaluation of Urovist S in urography. AB - In 200 adult patients, urography with Urovist S (50 ml sodium diatrizoate 50%) achieved good or satisfactory visualisation of the urinary tract in 80-90%. The medium was generally well tolerated. Reactions, which were mostly mild, occurred in 13% of patients. PMID- 1251282 TI - Renal uptake of 131I-rose bengal in biliary atresia. A case report. AB - Renal uptake of radio-iodinated rose bengal was studied in a 5-month-old infant, who was later found, at operation, to have biliary atresia. Prominent renal uptake, which could easily be mistaken for radioactivity in the bowel, was noted. While this pitfall in diagnosis has previously been described, it is thought worth while to stress this possible cause of misinterpretation. PMID- 1251283 TI - People, not cases. AB - While attempting to find out why so many of our elderly patients could not be discharged from hospital, we again observed the value of a knowledge of the patient's social background. Not only was it of great help in making a diagnosis and planning therapy, but it also stimulated our interest in the patient as a person, and was thus of mutual benefit to doctor and patient. PMID- 1251284 TI - Letter: Ethyl alcohol: contamination of blood specimens. PMID- 1251285 TI - Letter: Postpartum manual removal of submucous fibroid polyps. PMID- 1251287 TI - Letter: Lacunar skull: a case report. PMID- 1251286 TI - Letter: Vitamin A toxicity. PMID- 1251288 TI - The hypothenar hammer syndrome. AB - The hypothenar hammer syndrome is manifested as digital ischaemia. It is caused by trauma to the ulnar arteries in workmen who use their hands as a mallet, and is not a rare disease. The pathophysiology of the disease is reviewed, with illustrative cases. The hypothenar hammer syndrome should be considered as a compensable injury. PMID- 1251289 TI - A simple method of measuring total respiratory system compliance in newborn infants. AB - A new method of measuring the static compliance of the respiratory system in the awake, non-paralysed infant is described. The static compliance was measured by this method in 12 healthy premature infants aged from 1 day to 30 weeks. In addition, the dynamic compliance was measured by the oesophageal balloon technique. The static compliance was significantly higher than the dynamic, and this difference was related to the respiratory rate. These infants therefore demonstrated frequency dependence of dynamic compliance. PMID- 1251290 TI - Bone lesions in early congenital syphilis. AB - A radiological study of bone changes in 112 children with congenital syphilis was undertaken. A similar number of normal children acted as a control group. Radiological examination of 5 syphilitic children showed that their bones were normal. Combined metaphyseal and periosteal lesions were the commonest bone disorders seen and are thus the most convincing radiological evidence of congenital syphilis. Transverse metaphyseal lucencies occur early in the disease, and with Wimburger's sign they are the prime evidence of pathology in syphilitic bone. Other radiographic changes are probably owing to minimal trauma in fragile disorganized bone. The occurrence of periosteal lesions alone has also been evaluated. PMID- 1251291 TI - A family with partial and total deficiency of complement C3. AB - A young White girl was found to have no detectable complement C3 or C1q. She suffered repeated attacks of pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal pneumonia. Her parents, and some of her siblings, had half the normal level of C3; other siblings were normal. She also had decreased IgG levels and increased IgM concentrations. These findings are correlated with a dysmorphic state of the germinal centres of the peripheral lymphoid tissues, seen after death. PMID- 1251292 TI - Perforated appendix in situs inversus viscerum. A case report. AB - A patient with situs inversus viscerum and a perforated left-sided appendix is reported. The embryological anomalies which result in a left-sided appendix are mentioned. Although the viscera are transposed, it is thought that the components of the nervous system which supply the affected organs are not reversed. Diagnostic difficulties are mentioned. PMID- 1251294 TI - Results of the treatment of mammary cancer at the University of Chicago, 1960 1969. PMID- 1251293 TI - Acid secretion in Zulu and Indian patients with duodenal ulcers. AB - Pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output (MAO) was measured in 337 male patients with duodenal ulcers, 209 of whom were Indian, and 128 of whom were Zulus. The mean MAO standard deviation (SD) value for Zulu patients with uncomplicated ulcers was 36,2 +/- 10,5 mEq/h. In the patients with complicated ulcers, the maximal acid output was 38,5 +/- 6,3 mEq/h in patients with pyloric stenosis, 31,5 +/- 13,7 mEq/h in patients with haemorrhage and 42,9 +/- 9,2 mEq/h in patients with perforation. A statistically significant difference was obtained only in the group with perforation (Pless than0.05). The mean MAO +/- SD value for Indian patients with uncomplicated ulcers was 29,2 +/- 17,0 mEq/h. In those with complicated ulcers, the MAO value in pyloric stenosis was 30,5 +/- 5,5 mEq/h in those with haemorrhage 22,0 +/- 13,7 mEq/h and for patients with perforation, 27,8 +/- 7,5 mEq/h. A statistically significant difference in values was not obtained in Indian patients. In the Zulu patients, 77,6% had MAO values above the upper limit of normal (mean + 2 SD), while in Indian patients only 17.6% had MAO values above the upper limit of normal. The difference between the 2 percentages is highly significant (Pless than0,0001). The proportion of male patients with stimulated acid secretion measurements above the upper limit of normal in other reported series is 30-50%. PMID- 1251295 TI - Resection and immediate reconstruction for patients with "inoperable" recurrent head and neck cancer. AB - An approach to the patient with a recurrent head and neck cancer following prior combined radiation, surgery, and possibly, chemotherapy has been outlined. Following a detailed evaluation of the patient's symptoms, the local extent of the recurrence, and the search for distant disease, resection of the recurrent tumor with immediate reconstruction of the resulting defect is advocated. Although reconstructive efforts may be taxing because of prior use of optimal tissue, imaginative planning and improvisation will allow functional and cosmetic restoration in many cases. Illustrative cases have been included to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in treating patients with recurrent cancer of the head and neck. PMID- 1251297 TI - Esophageal malignancies. Experience with 110 cases. AB - At present radical esophagectomy is the operation of choice whenever resection can be achieved with hope of long-term survival. In patients with extensive node or liver metastases, the palliation achieved by standard resection is superior to that obtained by other methods of treatment such as radiation, bypass, or intubation. Radical resection appears to offer the only current avenue towards improving long-term survival rates in this most difficult of neoplasms. The role of anticipated advances in chemotherapy or immunotherapy on carcinoma of the esophagus remains to be defined, but en bloc resection of the tumor with adequate margins will remain the cornerstone of treatment, hopefully to be improved by new types of adjuvant therapy. PMID- 1251296 TI - Carcinoma of the tonsil. PMID- 1251298 TI - Evaluation of renal masses including retrograde renal brushing. AB - 1. The evaluation of renal masses has become an increasingly important topic because of the increasing incidence of kidney cancer, the improved cure rate of renal carcinoma with the proper preoperative diagnosis, and the proliferation in renal mass diagnostic methodology. 2. A variety of benign entities can produce an abnormal renal mass with attendant difficulties in being distinguished from malignant neoplasms. Among these benign lesions are: simple renal cysts, polycystic kidneys, congenital variations in renal size and shape, segmental renal hypertrophy, renal infarcts, intrarenal hematomas, renal hamartomas, renal leiomyomas, renal adenomas, renal angiomas, renal fibrolipomatosis, hydronephrosis of a duplicated collecting system, renal abscesses, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 3. Nephrotomography, nephrosonography (ultrasound), adrenalin renal arteriography, selective magnification renal arteriography, renal venography and cavography, lymphangiography, renal scintillation scanning, abnormal levels of enzymes in blood and urine, immunologic studies (circulating antibodies and tumor-associated antigens), percutaneous needle aspirations, and retrograde renal brushing have all increased the diagnostic accuracy of determining the etiology of renal masses. None of these diagnostic procedures is infallible. A judicious combination of procedures gives the most reliable diagnostic results. 4. A search continues for (a) chemical agent(s) or a chemical profile in the blood or urine which is (are) specific for renal carcinoma, but as yet this is an investigational area and not a practical clinical reality. PMID- 1251299 TI - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. A rational approach based upon clinical experience and laboratory investigation. PMID- 1251300 TI - Controversies in the treatment of colorectal cancer. PMID- 1251301 TI - Recent developments in radiation-induced carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - At the University of Chicago Hospitals, 40 per cent of patients with a history of irradiation to the neck and a palpable thyroid abnormality have been found recently to have carcinoma of the thyroid at operation. In a study of 100 unselected patients with a history of neck irradiation, 26 had palpatory abnormalities and seven of 15 who were operated upon had carcinoma of the thyroid. Five of these lesions demonstrated evidence of local invasion or lymph node metastases. This prevalence rate of carcinoma of at least 7 per cent in irradiated patients is the highest yet reported. These facts have led us to take a very aggressive position in the treatment of these patients. All patients must be examined carefully. When any palpatory abnormality is present which cannot be explained convincingly by thyroiditis, the patient should be operated upon. Total or near-total thyroidectomy should be performed in each patient by a qualified neck surgeon. In cases of proved carcinoma, a modified radical neck dissection should be added if cervical lymph nodes are clinically involved with tumor. Postoperative thyroid hormone suppression is mandatory and ablation of any residual iodine uptake in the neck or elsewhere by radioactive iodine is advocated. If treatment is aggressive, an excellent prognosis can be expected. However, deaths do occur from this disease. It is imperative that each of us be aware of this disease entity and that we treat these irradiated patients appropriately. PMID- 1251302 TI - Desmoid tumors of the abdominal wall. AB - Four cases of desmiod tumors of the anterior abdominal wall recently treated at the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics are presented. From our experience we conclude: 1. Inadequate excision of desmoid tumors results in local recurrence. 2. Adequate excision of desmoid tumors ot the abdominal wall sometimes necessitates creation of an abdominal wall defect too large for primary closure. 3. Marlex mesh has been used successfully in reconstruction of the abdominal wall following adequate excision of desmoid tumors. 4. One patient (Case 4) with an abdominal wall desmoid tumor associated with familial polypisis and mesenteric fibromatosis has benefited greatly following wide excision of abdominal wall and reconstriction using Marlex mesh, despite the fact that the mesenteric fibrous tumor was unresectable. PMID- 1251303 TI - Lung cancer: An immunologic viewpoint and the prospects for immunotherapy. AB - The size of the lung cancer problem and the dismal results of conventional therapy justify close attention to the possibilities of immunotherapy. Lung cancer patients, like other tumor patients, are often relatively immunosuppressed although an immune response directed against autochthonous tumor cells can usually be demonstrated. All conventional forms of therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and particularly radiation therapy, are further immunosuppressive, which, there is reason to believe, jeopardizes a successful outcome. Immunotherapy seeks to counteract this either by nonspecfic immunoenhancement or by enhancing reactivity to tumor specific antigens. The results of immunotherapy trials in lung cancer patients suggest that survival can be prolonged and survivorship increased by immunotherapy, although the benefit is inconclusuve at present. Optimal conditions for immunotherapy, as presently understood, are outlined. Practical questions about the optimal use of current immunotherapy regimens need to be answered, but a more aggressive approach to lung cancer therapy when combined with immunotherapy seems justified. Im pariicular, the criteria for operability will need to be redefined, particularly as regards oat cell cancer and large tumors which cannot be completely resected but in which "debulking" may contribute to the success of subsequent radiation and immunotherapy. Possible future immunotherapy regimens applicable to lung cancer are proposed, with the reservation that their success is likely to be directly related to their practicability. PMID- 1251304 TI - The gasteointestinal oncology clinic. A multidisciplinary approach to cancer diagnosis and management at a University Medical Center. PMID- 1251305 TI - Challenges for the university departments of surgery. PMID- 1251306 TI - Elective and emergency surgery in children with sickle cell disease. PMID- 1251307 TI - Mechanical circulatory assistance for the treatment of complications of coronary artery disease. AB - Surgery has become an accepted method of treatment for coronary artery disease and its complications. Revascularization results in significant improvement in symptoms for patients with angina pectoris. Occasionally, patients requiring surgery for angina pectoris will sustain reversible ischemic damage during operation; such patients can be successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass with full recovery when intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is used. Arrhythmias associated with ischemic damage to the myocardium also can be controlled when IABCP is used for physiologic assistance. Patients in cardiogenicshock of pulmonary edema after acute myocardial infarction have an ominous prognosis. When decompensation occurs, IABCP may be used to stabilize the patient and to allow study and corrective surgery if possible. The prognosis is better for patients with ventricular septal defect, although selected patients without a mechanical defect of the myocardium can be salvaged if the response to IABCP is favorable. Counterpulsation has also been shown to be useful in achieving pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass and in assisting high-risk patients through operation. External pressure circulatory assist (EPCA) is less effective than IABCP in assisting the failing myocardium; however, the external device is noninvasive and may be a useful adjunct in situations where IABCP is not feasible. PMID- 1251308 TI - Treatment of toxic megacolon. AB - From 1970 to mid-1975, we have operated on 25 consecutive patients with toxic dilatation of the colon with no mortality. This report deals with the principles of management which we follow; primary emphasis is given to aggressive diagnosis and resuscitation, followed by early operative intervention. We prefer total abdominal colectomy with ileostomy and sigmoid mucous fistula for cases of toxic megacolon not complicated by hemorrhage. PMID- 1251309 TI - A twenty-two year review of elective resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - The clinical presentation and history of abdominal aortic aneurysm has changed little in the last 22 years. The improved results of elective resection of these lesions have occurred subsequent to advances in various aspects of treatment of this disease as well as increased experience in surgical management. The operative mortality associated with elective resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms has dropped to such a level that elective intervention is reinforced as the treatment of choice for this lesion. It is hoped that, with the continued improvement in the diagnostic phase resulting in earlier detection and surgical intervention, there may be a further reduction in the incidence of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms and further prolongation of life in those patients in whom such lesions develop. PMID- 1251310 TI - Surgical management of radiation injury to the small intestine. AB - A survey of the literature and of the present series demonstrate a distinct difference in surgical mortality and intestinal morbidity in the immediate postoperative periods. Resection of the intestine with anastomosis has a significantly higher complication rate than does bypass. In this study, the over all advantage in resecting radiation injured small intestine with reference to reducing severe chronic intestinal signs and symptoms has not been demonstrated. PMID- 1251311 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in the maintenance dialysis patient. AB - At least one component of the secondary hyperparathyroidism of end stage renal failure is hyperphosphatemia. Since 1968, 101 patients were treated definitively in a home dialysis program, and 78 of the patients remain active. Despite maintenance of the serum phosphate level below 5 milligrams per cent, one-fourth eventually had progressive hyperparathyroidism develop, primarily manifested by bone disease. Serum calcium levels were generally normal and, except at the extremes, were not predictive. The incidence of hyperparathyroidism was not influenced by the age of the patient, but it increased with duration of dialysis. Hyperparathyroidism developed in 13 of 15 patients with serum parathormone levels greater than 500 but in only six of 56 patients with values less than 500. The single most important manifestation was progressive bone disease. Of 16 patients treated by subtotal parathyroidectomy, all had large hyperplastic parathyroid glands. All of the patients who were observed for longer than six months had progressive improvement in the bone disease. Hyperparathyroidism is a significant problem in the dialysis patient, despite phosphate control. Progressive bone disease and elevated serum parathormone levels are the most important indicators. The incidence is directly influenced by duration of dialysis. Subtotal parathyroidectomy is effective in reversing the bone changes. PMID- 1251312 TI - Comparison of colposcopy directed biopsies and cold knife conization in patients with abnormal cytology. AB - One hundred patients with abnormal cytology were evaluated by colposcopy, and histologic material was obtained by directed biopsies, cold knife conization and endocervical curettage. The colposcopy directed biopsies provided the diagnosis in 94 per cent of the patients, and the colposcopic impression was accurate in 89 per cent of the patients. Cold knife conization was performed in 98 patients, since two patients had invasive carcinoma on colposcopic directed biopsy. In 75 patients, the histopathologic finding on cone biopsy was in complete agreement with the directed biopsies. In 11 patients, the directed biopsies were a degree higher than on cone biopsy, and in six patients the histopathologic findings were a degree lower. In six patients the colposcopic directed biopsies missed the diagnosis of dysplasia. No patients with carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma were missed by the colposcopic directed biopsies. PMID- 1251313 TI - Ischemia of the colon. AB - Ischemic colitis is a disease complex that presents as a continuum of mucosal and submucosal hemorrhage, late stricture formation and frank gangrene. The exact form depends upon the degree, site and duration of the vascular occlusion, the presence of collateral vessels and the intraluminal pressure in the colon. In a study group of 19 women and seven men, the majority of whom were in the seventh to eighth decades of life, most frequent symptoms were crampy abdominal pain and abdominal distention associated with bloody diarrhea. Ischemic colitis occurred with increased colonic intraluminal pressure, generalized decreased vascular flow and embolic phenomenon. The predominating predisposing causes were atherosclerosis, shock and congestive heart failure as well as leukemia. The results of barium enema studies showed a pathognomonic condition that included thumbprinting, mucosal ulcerations and sacculations. Arteriography, generally, was not helpful, and results of sigmoidoscopy were invariably negative, since the rectum seldom is involved in ischemic colitis. Conservative treatment should include intestinal rest, low molecular weight dextran and antibiotics. Early operative intervention is recommended when conservative therapy fails or signs of peritoneal irritation become evident. PMID- 1251314 TI - Effect of acute hemorrhage on gastrin secretion rate and blood levels of gastrin and insulin in normal dogs and in dogs after vagotomy. AB - Ten dogs were used to study antral gastrin secretion in hemorrhagic shock. Dogs that had a vagotomy were compared with normal dogs. Acute hemorrhage, imposed upon operative stress, produced increased gastrin secretion in normal dogs but not in dogs after vagotomy. During the acute hemorrhage, the level of circulating gastrin in normal dogs increased to about 50 to more than 100 per cent of the control values. The concentration of gastrin in the dogs having a vagotomy was essentially unchanged in the face of acute hemorrhage. Results of this study suggest that the increased concentration of circulating gastrin in normal dogs subjected to severe stress may play a role in the development of a stress ulcer. PMID- 1251315 TI - Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by hemoglobin-saline solution in the red cell-free primate. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the respiratory properties of hemoglobin saline solution. Eighteen baboons were exchange transfused with either 6 per cent dextran or 6 per cent hemoglobin-saline solution. All of the hemoglobin-saline solution treated baboons survived three hours at a zero hematocrit reading. All the dextran treated animals died when the hematocrit level fell below 6 per cent. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production remained unchanged from base line during the zero hematocrit interval. It is concluded that the respiratory capability of hemoglobin-saline solution is sufficient to maintain life in the absence of erythrocytes. PMID- 1251316 TI - Immunostimulation with intraperitoneally administered bacille Calmette Guerin for advanced malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Thirty-five patients with advanced malignant tumors of the stomach, pancreas, biliary tract or colon were treated intraperitoneally with bacille Calmette Guerin and, subsequently, were given orally booster doses of bacille Calmette Guerin and one of two schedules of cytotoxic drugs. Patients with all types of tumors responded, but this was most marked in patients with metastases to the liver from primary carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 1251317 TI - Clinical management of acute cholangitis. AB - In a series of 78 patients with acute cholangitis, 48 were associated with common duct stones, and in one-third of these, the stones were believed to be primary common duct stones. Even though the clinical presentation of acute cholangitis can be nonspecific with a remarkable absence of physical signs, almost all patients had elevations of serum bilirubin, transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels, an indication of disease of the biliary tree. Initially, all of the patients were treated with antibiotics and most responded rapidly. Escherichia coli and klebsiella were the organisms involved in more than 85 per cent of the positive cultures, and penicillin and an aminoglycoside are recommended as the drugs of choice in acute cholangitis. Diagnostic procedures were then performed, and laparotomy was often not carried out for several days after admission. Eleven of the 78 patients died. Six of the 11 deaths in this series were from continuing or recurrent sepsis, and at postmortem examination, a retained stone or inadequately treated stricture was found. This points out the need for adequate diagnostic procedures prior to exploration. PMID- 1251318 TI - Heparin-lock maintenance with ten units of sodium heparin in one milliliter of normal saline solution. AB - A rapid increase in use of heparin-lock to maintain patency of established intravenous pathways for intermittent and emergency intravenous injections of drugs has given rise to questions concerning the necessary heparin-saline solution concentration to prevent coagulation and minimize or avoid systemic effects of heparin on blood clotting. A series of experimental and clinical studies followed by clinical observations and evaluation have shown that a concentration of 10 U.S.P. units of sodium heparin per milliliter of normal saline solution will maintain patency of heparin-locks without affecting the clotting time, prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time. A procedure of flushing the heparin-lock with 1 milliliter of the recommended heparin-saline solution following each intravenous injection of medication or every eight hours, if medications are not given more frequently, is suggested. PMID- 1251320 TI - Evaluation of forequarter amputation in malignant diseases. AB - Twenty-one forequarter amputations were performed at our institute during a 15 year period for soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, recurrent malignant melanoma and epidermoid carcinoma. Two patients in this group who have had recurrent carcinoma of the breast with a painful, edematous and ulcerated upper extremity were palliated and had significant relief. The over-all five year survival rate following this procedure for curative intent was 25 per cent. There were no five year survivors of unclassified sarcoma, myosarcoma and recurrent malignant melanoma. Thus, we do not recommend this procedure for recurrent malignant melanoma, although it can be performed as a palliative measure. Since most of the patients with malignant bone tumors, unclassified sarcoma and myosarcoma have systemic metastasis develop within two to eight months after this procedure, new methods should be explored to detect early metastasis before undertaking this psychologically traumatic procedure. Adjuvant chemotherapy and other modalities of adjuvant therapies are recommended in this group with poor prognosis. A local recurrence after this amputation in patients with unclassified lesions and myosarcoma should be considered as an indication of systemic metastasis. PMID- 1251319 TI - Acute gastroduodenal lesions related to severe sepsis. AB - To determine the incidence of acute gastroduodenal lesions during severe sepsis, prospective endoscopies were performed in two groups of critically ill patients. The criteria of selection ruled out the incidence of other factors, such as shock, acute renal or respiratory failure. Evaluation of sepsis by clinical and bacteriologic criteria and endoscopic examination were performed in a double blind study. In the group of 14 patients with sepsis, 19 fibroscopies showed abnormalities of mucosa in all of them. In the group of 16 patients with sepsis, 23 fibroscopies showed either superficial lesions or normal mucosa. The difference between the incidence and the severity of acute lesions in the two groups studied was highly significative, p less than 0.001. Besides, gastroduodenal lesions became worse when sepsis prolonged, while they improved dramatically when focal infection and septicemia were eradicated. These data strongly suggest that severe sepsis per se can provoke acute digestive damage. PMID- 1251321 TI - Regional lymphadenectomy and tumor immunity. AB - This study sought to determine if tumor immunity was impaired by regional lymphadenectomy when performed at different stages of tumor growth. Regional lymphadenectomy significantly reduced tumor specific immunity when performed soon after tumor inoculation. However, removal of the regional lymph nodes later but before the tumor was clinically detectable did not affect the development of tumor immunity. Similarly, regional lymphadenectomy after the tumor was palpable did not decrease tumor immunity. Therefore, prior to the time that the tumor is clinically detectable, immunologic sensitization has become a systemic phenomenon and is no longer confined to the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 1251322 TI - Evolvement of a new treatment for perforated duodenal ulcer. AB - Treatment of 157 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer has been evaluated. The condition of the patient dictated that 40 be treated by simple closure. In the remaining patients, vagotomy and drainage and vagotomy and hemigastrectomy were performed in a randomized, prospective study. These patients were observed postoperatively for an average of four years. There was one operative death after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy and none after vagotomy and drainage. There were no instances of incapacitating diarrhea in either group, and the frequency of postoperative gastric complaints was essentially the same in both groups. Reoperation was required in three patients after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy. The anticipated advantage of decreased gastric complaints after vagotomy and drainage compared with their frequency after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy in the definitive treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer was not apparent from our study. To provide protection against further ulcer disease and, at the same time, reduce postoperative gastric sequelae, parietal cell vagotomy without drainage was performed and evaluated in 13 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer. The longest follow-up period of these patients was two years. There was no diarrhea, dumping or other significant gastric complaint. Gastric emptying was normal, and no ulcers have recurred. The results were excellent in 11 patients and good in two. Early results suggest this method of treatment may be a satisfactory compromise between the use of simple closure that does not protect patients against recurrent ulcer and the use of vagotomy and hemigastrectomy and vagotomy and drainage which impose increased morbidity and death rates on those patients who might not have had further ulcer disease. PMID- 1251323 TI - Femoral shaft fracture with injury of the superficial femoral artery in civilian accidents. AB - Eight patients with a fracture of the shaft of the femur and a concomitant lesion of the superficial femoral artery are presented. Six patients had a viable leg; one patient, a below knee amputation, and one, an above knee amputation. Early recognition of this relatively rare combination is of paramount importance. In our experience, internal fixation of the fracture followed by grafting of the artery through separate incision works best. PMID- 1251325 TI - Intraoperative location of the ampulla of Vater. PMID- 1251324 TI - Editorial: The gastrointestinal intensive care unit. PMID- 1251326 TI - Kraske's posterior approach to the rectum. PMID- 1251327 TI - Safe intra-abdominal and efficient wound drainage. PMID- 1251328 TI - Experiment in pre-paid insurance: it's working for migrant families. PMID- 1251329 TI - Plight of the migrant worker. PMID- 1251330 TI - The family and physical illness. PMID- 1251331 TI - Acute organic brain syndromes: clinical considerations. PMID- 1251332 TI - Maintenance of a functional eardrum in tympanoplasty procedures. PMID- 1251333 TI - Use of Auto Sutures in gastrointestinal surgery. PMID- 1251334 TI - Colonoscopy: diagnostic and therapeutic uses. PMID- 1251335 TI - Colposcopy in the gynecologist's office. PMID- 1251336 TI - Geometric total knee arthroplasty: local complications. PMID- 1251337 TI - Use of certified public accountants by physicians. PMID- 1251338 TI - Letter: Identification of heparin in publications. PMID- 1251339 TI - Heparin precipitable fraction (HPF) from dermatoligical patients. I. Characterization of the thrombin-clottable protein. PMID- 1251340 TI - Quantitative analysis of plasma fibrin monomer. PMID- 1251341 TI - Spin-labelled human platelets. PMID- 1251342 TI - A radioimmunoassay for platelet factor 4. PMID- 1251343 TI - New criteria for evaluating the structure of white arterial thrombi in vivo. PMID- 1251344 TI - DIC and postoperative wound bleeding under factor IX. Substitution therapy in a case of hemophilia B; sucessful treatment with heparin. PMID- 1251345 TI - The influence of large doses of hydrocortisone on the generalized Shwartzman reaction in rabbit. PMID- 1251346 TI - Effects of prothrombin fragments on thrombin, on thrombin formation, and separation, and separation from Ac-globulin (factor V). PMID- 1251348 TI - Serum levels of fibrin (ogen) degradation fragment E antigen in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis after abdominal and inguinal surgery. PMID- 1251347 TI - The influence of Haemaccel, fibrinogen and albumin on ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Relevance to the quantitative measurement of the ristocetin cofactor. PMID- 1251349 TI - Effects of anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and vasoactive compounds on tail bleeding time, whole blood coagulation time and platelet retention by glass beads in rats. PMID- 1251350 TI - The observation of heparin on endothelium after injection. PMID- 1251351 TI - [Role of complex thrombin-heparin formation in the clearance of thrombin in the blood stream and the role of liver and lungs in the absorption of heparin complexes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251353 TI - [Hemoglobin determination in general practice]. PMID- 1251352 TI - Radioimmunoassay of fibrinopeptide A-clinical applications. PMID- 1251354 TI - [X-ray examination of the lumbo-sacral spine in general practice]. PMID- 1251355 TI - [Psychiatry in general practice. Experiences from an autumn seminar in Gausdal]. PMID- 1251356 TI - [Editorial: Research in general practice]. PMID- 1251357 TI - [Editorial: Dopamine. Short review of its physiology and pharmacology]. PMID- 1251358 TI - [Chiropractors - healers or quacks? Part 2. How chiropractors can help or harm]. PMID- 1251359 TI - [A study of general practice in a district in northern Norway]. PMID- 1251360 TI - [General practice in Nord-Trondelag. Some observations]. PMID- 1251361 TI - [Pacemaker click]. PMID- 1251362 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 1251363 TI - [Perforating eye injuries in Oslo]. PMID- 1251364 TI - [Audiological aid to pre-school children with hearing disorders]. PMID- 1251365 TI - [Arthroplasty of the metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux rigidus]. PMID- 1251367 TI - [Stress fractures in ribs due to river paddling]. PMID- 1251366 TI - [Early contact with parents of mentally handicapped children. Secondary prevention aspects]. PMID- 1251368 TI - [Pilonidal sinus. Treatment by phenol injection]. PMID- 1251369 TI - [Practolol (Eraldin)-induced peritoneal fibrosis?]. PMID- 1251370 TI - [Chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer]. PMID- 1251371 TI - [Some reflections on hormonal changes in the vaginal smear]. PMID- 1251372 TI - [Bleeding disorders]. PMID- 1251373 TI - [Calcium antagonists]. PMID- 1251374 TI - [The elderly and drugs]. PMID- 1251375 TI - [Placental passage and fetal pharmacology]. PMID- 1251376 TI - [Treatment of chronic otitis]. PMID- 1251377 TI - [Treatment of external otitis]. PMID- 1251378 TI - [Fatal dextro propoxyphene poisoning]. PMID- 1251379 TI - [Editorial: Mentally handicapped children. Early contact with parents]. PMID- 1251380 TI - [Editorial: Pilonidal sinus--simple treatment]. PMID- 1251381 TI - [Calcium antagonists]. PMID- 1251382 TI - [Mortality and suicide among young hospitalized drug addicts]. PMID- 1251383 TI - [Clinical effect of serum concentration of diazepam in relation to administration doses]. PMID- 1251384 TI - [Letter; Testicular torsion]. PMID- 1251385 TI - Letter: Choice of antibiotics in purulent meningitis in children. PMID- 1251386 TI - [Letter: Axiom 20 drops=1 ml. Continuous relevance?]. PMID- 1251388 TI - [Letter: Social and clinical medicine]. PMID- 1251387 TI - [Letter: The dangerous men in guernsey shirts]. PMID- 1251389 TI - [Letter: Treatment of hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 1251390 TI - [Body height changes in relation to age]. PMID- 1251391 TI - [Height and weight of Norwegians during the late 1960's]. PMID- 1251392 TI - [Drug induced liver injury. Chemical liver necrosis caused by formation of reactive metabolites]. PMID- 1251393 TI - [Z-plasty in postoperative anal stricture]. PMID- 1251394 TI - [L-dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor combination preparation (Sinemet) in parkinsonism and syndromes imitating parkinsonism. 1 year's experience with 34 patients]. PMID- 1251395 TI - [New treatment methods in recurrent herpes simplex]. PMID- 1251396 TI - [Gas producing infection caused by Bacteroides]. PMID- 1251397 TI - [Strong acting analgesics. Strength and duration of effect]. PMID- 1251399 TI - [Orthostatic hypotension in the aged. Effects of drugs]. PMID- 1251398 TI - [Analgesic nephropathy. Interaction between analgetics and laxatives]. PMID- 1251400 TI - [Anaerobic infections I. Subject in a meeting at the Institute of Pharmacotherapy, March, 1975]. PMID- 1251401 TI - [Editorial: Height-weight relations and height changes in relation to age]. PMID- 1251402 TI - [Editorial: Metabolism of heterogenous substances. Some teleologic and toxicologic considerations]. PMID- 1251403 TI - [Letter: What textbooks in neurology should we give to the students?]. PMID- 1251404 TI - [Letter: Pharmacotherapy in alcoholism]. PMID- 1251405 TI - [Letter: Pressure measurements in diseases of the esophagus]. PMID- 1251406 TI - [Preventive medicine and medical thinking. Introduction]. PMID- 1251407 TI - ["Medical policy" in the 18th century--a forgotten science?]. PMID- 1251408 TI - [Socioeconomic structure, morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 1251409 TI - [Ecophilosophy: applied philosophy and philosophic clearing]. PMID- 1251410 TI - [Infectious diseases and their control today]. PMID- 1251411 TI - [Thoughts behind modern Norwegian food legislation]. PMID- 1251412 TI - [Genetics and preventive medicine]. PMID- 1251413 TI - [The development of health information systems and their use in preventive health care]. PMID- 1251414 TI - [Health politics, economy and disease prevention]. PMID- 1251415 TI - ["Physical checkup, doctor". The general practitioner and preventive health examination]. PMID- 1251416 TI - [Observations on Swedish occupational health services]. PMID- 1251417 TI - [District public health physician in changing times]. PMID- 1251418 TI - [Editorial: Education in preventive medicine]. PMID- 1251419 TI - [Letter: Radiographic determination of heart volume]. PMID- 1251420 TI - [Letter: Black dyeing of the eyelid margins among Pakistan children]. PMID- 1251421 TI - [Letter: Emergency care in big cities]. PMID- 1251422 TI - Cheilognathoschisis in Texel sheep. AB - In view of the birth of abnormal Texel lambs sired by a single ram, experimental matings were carried out to determine the extent to which the malformations shown by the lambs were clear-cut inherited defects and, if so, which was the mode of hereditary transmission. From investigations on six abnormal lambs and a study of the literature it was concluded that these were inherited defects not previously described and marked by cheilognathoschis which was almost invariably associated with an unduly light birth weight, brachycephaly and cardiac septal defects. The placenta of one of the abnormal lambs, which was studied, showed marked changes. The proportional numbers showed that, when the more complicated inheritance patterns are not taken into account, the defect is transmitted by a recessive autosomal gene. PMID- 1251423 TI - Observations on the effect of shortening the dry period on milk yield, body weight, and circulating glucose and FFA levels in dairy cows. AB - The effect of shortening the dry period from 60 to 30 days in dairy cows was studied. For this purpose 18 pairs of dairy cows were matched, one member of each pair serving as a 60-day dry-period control. Singificant post-parturient differences between the two groups were observed: in the experimental group body weight and blood glucose levels did not decrease significantly, while significant decrements were observed in the control group, unlike FCM production trends during that period. In the experimental group monthly FCM production varied less than in the control group. It appeared that ante-parturient conditions programmed post-parturient energy partition. PMID- 1251424 TI - Hormonal pattern in the blood of eight mares during the first weeks of pregnancy. AB - The hormonal pattern in the blood of eight mares was studied during the first 5 to 6 weeks of pregnancy; in two of the eight animals early embryonic death was established on D-28 and on D-40, respectively. Progesterone peaks were found in the blood around D-5, D-12 to D-10, and D-17 to D-18. It is suggested that the decrease of the progesterone concentrations in the blood during the intermediate periods is due to the action of oestrogens. During the period from D-18 to about D-34 the concentrations both of progesterone and of pregnenolone were low in the pregnant mares. Thereafter a small increase of the progesterone content was observed. Sometimes rather large amounts of the compound "5.4", an isomer of pregnenolone, were found, indicating the presence of follicles containing oestradiol-17beta or possibly a stimulated uterus. It is suggested that early embryonic death may be expected. a. if the progesterone concentration in the blood is low on D-17 to D-18; b. if there is no increase of the progesterone or the "5.4" concentrations during the period from D-34 to D-37. A relatively high pregnenolone level on these days indicates reduced conversion of pregnenolone into progesterone. PMID- 1251425 TI - [Effect of cleaning and disinfection in poultry processing plants (author's transl)]. AB - The use of agar print plates was found to be suitable for checking the results of several cleaning and disinfection systems. Some poultry processing plants were tested several times with agar prints, as a control of the results of the cleaning and disinfection program. It seems that cleaning exclusively with water leads to no reduction of micro-organisms, in spite of a reasonable visual effect. Cleaning with cleansers produces a small micro-biological reduction. Really sterile surfaces however were only observed when, after cleaning with cleansers, disinfection was employed. PMID- 1251426 TI - [Initial Field Experience of Euthanasia by Carbon Monoxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251427 TI - [Royal Dutch Society for Veterinary Medicine; from the Board of Directors. Interim report on progress concerning recognition and registration of veterinary specialists (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251428 TI - [An investigation of cows offered for the fourth time for insemination (author's tranls)]. AB - In a few A.I. associations an investigation covering all cows offered for insemination for the fourth time was performed. In all, four hundred such animals were examined clinically. Depending on the findings, the animals put into a number of diagnostic groups. Later on, a survey was made of which animals had become pregnant and which had not. Some of the animals which had remained barren were brought in for a more detailed study. Special attention was here given to late ovulation. PMID- 1251429 TI - [Testing for the presence of moulds and yeasts, and their significance, in deep frozen food of animal origin (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-five samples of frozen beef, horsemeat, and pig-livers imported into Belgium were examined for the presence of fungal and yeast flora by means of the agar plate print method. Mainly Penicillium spp. was isolated from meat, whereas Fusarium spp. predominated in livers. From all samples a lot of yeast colonies were isolated; 14 yeasts were identified, of which 5 with their species. The importance of these fungi for the consumer is discussed. PMID- 1251430 TI - [Diagnostic radiology of the urinary bladder of the dog by means of contrast techniques (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251431 TI - [Another marble (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251432 TI - [Meat-containing animal foods. (1) Histological study of tinned foods. (2) Legal regulations (author's transl)]. AB - A number of random tinned foods marketed as dog or cat food in the Netherlands were studied histologically. The histological compositions of each food studied was described in terms of primary and secondary constituents. In almost every case, vegetable material was found to be the primary constituent. In addition, legal regulations regarding animal foods in the Netherlands are reviewed. PMID- 1251433 TI - [Decolorization of methylene blue by bovine spermatozoa and its significance in artificial insemination (author's transly]. AB - The mechanism of action of methylene blue reduction is discussed with special reference to its relationship to the metabolism of bovine spermatozoa. The results of experimental studies of the effect of metabolic inhibitors on decolorization of methylene blue are reported. Attention is also paid to the effect of the addition of methylene blue to semen on the oxygen uptake of bovine spermatozoa. Methods used to determine the decolorization time of methylene blue in artificial insemination are reviewed. One of these methods is described in greater detail. The results of a number of experiments is concerned with the effect of environmental factors on the decolorization times of suspensions of spermatozoa are reported. Finally, the relationship between the decolorization time of methylene blue and a number of other semen characteristics as well as usefulness of this method in artificial insemination are discussed. PMID- 1251434 TI - [What is your diagnosis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251435 TI - [Letter: Wanted: cases of hypertrophic pneumonic osteoarthropathy (Pierre Marie, Bamberger) in animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1251436 TI - Genetic linkage between the HL-A system and a deficit of the second component (C2) of complement in four generations of a family. PMID- 1251437 TI - HL-A in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - HL-A phenotype frequencies were studied in 36 patients with Sjogren's syndrome and compared with those of 350 healthy individuals from the same geographical area. Patients suffering from Sjogren's syndrome had a significantly higher frequency of HL-A8 (P corrected less than 0.01). The relative risk of developing Sjogren's syndrome is 3.96 for HL-A8 positive individuals. PMID- 1251438 TI - The localization of the Bf locus within the MHS region on chromosome no. 6. PMID- 1251439 TI - Frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B histocompatibility antigens in Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 1251440 TI - Effect of lung parenchyma on bronchial collapsibility during maximum expiratory flow in dogs. AB - Effect of peribronchial lung parenchyma on bronchial collapsibility during the maximum expiration was studied in the dog lung. Maximum expiratory flow volume curve (MEFVC) was obtained from dogs with intact parenchyma (I), parenchyma being dissected away from main lobar bronchi 1.5 cm in depth (II) and the dissected parenchyma glued to the bronchi with adhesive substance (III). Lung elastic pressure-volume curve and airway resistance were almost unchanged in the three conditions. Maximum expiratory flow (V max) in condition II was considerably decreased and the ratio of decrease to the control value was high at the lower lung volumes. V max in condition III was significantly higher than the control values except at the very low lung volumes. It was proved that even if the airway down to segmental bronchi was dessected from peribronchial lung parenchyma, V max was significantly limited. It was concluded that the radial traction of peribronchial parenchyma to the bronchi reduced bronchial collapsibility considerably, and in the dissected bronchi of condition II dynamic airway collapse would occur very easily. PMID- 1251441 TI - Aging and hydroxproline content in human heart muscle. AB - Hydroxproline content was chemically determined in 45 human hearts obtained at autopsy, in order to know possible correlations between aging and hydroxyproline content in the heart muscle. There were no significant differences in the mean total hydroxyproline content between the epicardium and the endocardium, between left and right ventricles, nor between young, middle and old age groups. The hydroxyproline content in NaCl-soluble fraction decreased, and that in TCA soluble fraction and in residue fraction increased with age. There were significant differences in the mean hydroxyproline content in NaCl-soluble fraction between middle and old age groups, and in residue fraction between young and old age groups in the endocardium of the left ventricle. Accordingly, the ratio of the content in NaCl-soluble fraction to that in TCA-soluble fraction decreases with age. This tendency was more evident in the epicardium than in the endocardium on the left ventricle. These results indicate that total hydroxyproline content per 1 mg of lyophilized material does not show any quantitative changes, but does show qualitative changes with age. PMID- 1251443 TI - Nerve impulse sequences correlated with the four primary taste qualities in rat. AB - Neural correlates of the taste qualities must be contained in transient impulse trains across many nerve fibres. In the present study, ten chemicals with primary tastes were used in two or three concentrations. Gustatory impulses were recorded from thin strands, consisting of one or at most three functional nerve fibres, dissected out of the chorda tympani nerve of twelve Wistar albino rats, and their numbers in every successive 50 msec were counted for 500 msec period after gustatory stimulus onset. The results obtained were as follows (pless than0.05): 1) Nerve impulse sequence produced by substances of the salty quality were different from those elicited by chemicals of the other three qualities in 250 300 msec after stimulus onset. 2) The same was true in the case of sour and sweet qualities provided that they became dissimilar to each other in 250 msec after stimulation. 3) No difference could be recognized between impulse trains of bitter and sour solutions as well as between those of bitter and sweet ones. PMID- 1251442 TI - Clinical significance of serum glutathione reductase in various clinical conditions, especially in liver diseases. AB - Serum glutathione reductase activity was measured in various conditions including acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, malignant neoplastic diseases, and obstructive jaundice. A statistically significant elevation of the enzyme activity was found in all of these clinical conditions above normal value, especially in patients with acute hepatitis, some liver cancer, and malignant biliary obstruction. Comparison with other liver function tests showed the existence of statistically significant correlations of serum glutathione reductase with SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase in acute hepatitis, and with alkaline phosphatase in cirrhosis. In parenchymatous liver disease, serial determination was found to be important. High values in obstructive jaundice suggest the malignant obstruction. PMID- 1251444 TI - Postoperative course of blood pressure and plasma renin activity in patients with renovascular hypertension. AB - Thirty patients with renovascular hypertension were treated surgically, and they were divided into two groups according to the kinds of operations they received; nephrectomized group (group A) and revascularized group (group B). Postoperative blood pressure was followed periodically in each patient of two groups. In all patients with an excellent result (diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or lower without antihypertensive therapy), blood pressure returned to normal within 30 postoperative days. Normal blood pressures were obtained within 3 weeks in eighty four per cent of them. The normalization of blood pressure following operation was more rapid in group B than in A. The postoperative plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined serially in 10 patients. PRA became normal in 9 within 3 days and in one within 7 postoperative days. The restoration of PRA preceded the normalization of blood pressure. The normalization of PRA was quicker in group A than in B. It is likely that the renal antihypertensive mechanism, suppressed in the ischemic kidney and set again in motion by revascularization, mainly causes this difference in the postoperative changes in PRA and blood pressure between the two groups. It may be concluded that these findings are suggestive of an important role of impaired renal antihypertensive function in the maintenance of high blood pressure in chronic renovascular hypertension in man. PMID- 1251445 TI - Application of ultrasonic shift Doppler technique to record velocity changes of intrauretral urine flow. AB - Velocity Changes of intraluminal urine flow were recorded using the ultrasonic shift Doppler principle on exposed ureters of five adult mongrel dogs. This method has been used for further understanding of the speed of urine transport within the ureter when it is affected by ureteral peristalsis and the level of diuresis. Simultaneous recording of urine velocity curves and electroureterograms were performed. The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between intraluminal urine flow and peristaltic contraction. The results also show that the velocity of a urine bolus is highest during olguric conditions (urine flow1 ml/min), and, at polyuric conditions (urine flow 3 ml/min) the flow through the ureter is continuous. PMID- 1251446 TI - [Bronchioloalveolar metaplasia during experimental influenza in mice- histological and ultrastructural study]. AB - Squamous and "adenomatous" metaplastic changes which developed in the lungs of mice during the healing phase of experimental influenza were studied by histology and electron microscopy. The squamous nests contained epithelial cells possessing bundles of tonfibrils and being similar to bronchial basal cells. The "adenomatous" cavities were lined, either by cells related to Clara cells or by basal type-cells, which underlined cells related to Clara cells. A local and transitory hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes occurred by the third week. Both kinds of metaplasia seemed to proceed from the bronchial or bronchiolar epithelium. The adenomatous cavities might partly result from progressive differentiation of squamous epithelial cells into cells of glandular type. A ten month long histologic survey failed to exhibit carcinomatous transformation of metaplasia. Pleiomorphism of influenza regenerative metaplasia might arise from extensive and severe epithelial changes involving all levels of the lower respiratory tract. Such a long persistence of metaplastic changes remains unexplained. PMID- 1251448 TI - Sequential change of the pontine shape after cerebrovascular strokes. AB - Pontine cross-sectional area (Ap) and its area factor (f) were correlated with the lapse of time from the onset of stroke to death in 77 autopsy cases cerebrovascular strokes. In the cases without pontine hemorrhage, the sequential change of Ap was different from that of f, which indicated that the recovery of shape lagged behind the recovery of size. The result was attributed in part to a plastic property of the edematous brain substance and was considered important in evaluating angiographical changes of the brain and some pressure cones at autopsy. PMID- 1251447 TI - Determination of O-hydroxylysyl-glycosides (OHLG) in urine. AB - A new method for determination of urinary O-hydroxylysyl-glycosides (OHLG) is described. Human urine was extracted with 2 volumes of ethanol, followed by gel filtration on a column of Sephadex G-10. The presence of OHLG in the alkaline hydrolyzate of the fraction obtained by gel-filtration was proved by paper chromatography and by liquid chromatography. The alkaline hydrolyzate was subjected to Dowex 50 X4 (H+ form) column chromatography, and OHLG were eluted with 1.5N NH4OH. Content of OHLG in the eluate was determined by the anthrone H2SO4 method in terms of hexose. Excretion rate of OHLG in urine of adults was shown to be 20 mumoles in terms of hexose per day. PMID- 1251449 TI - Phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in liver diseases and in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. AB - Phytohemagglutin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation was impaired in acute viral hepatitis. It was significantly correlated with grades of liver cell damage as shown by prothrombin time, GOT, or GPT. It was also lower in drug-induced hepatitis and in prolonged hepatitis than in controls. Of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, only those with minimal hepatic change showed lower values in stimulation index as well as incorporated radioactivity. PMID- 1251450 TI - The record of family planning programs. AB - In the developing countries in recent years there has been a great expansion of public programs to provide modern means of fertility control. This paper is an effort to appraise the demographic impact of such programs through a comprehensive evaluation of the record. The paper briefly reviews the criticisms of such programs and the historical and comparative background before turning directly to issues of performance. After establishing the broad range of acceptance, the paper reviews the nature of acceptors and of fertility control methods as they affect overall impact. Then follow a series of tabulations and analyses of country performance by both social setting and program effort in an attempt to discern the effect of "modernization" and "family planning" in line with the current controversy over their relative importance. That detailed analysis is followed by an extensive review of 14 country cases, similarly organized, plus brief summaries of 15 major experiments/demonstrations in this field and one example of a developed country program. After a brief section on the alternatives to family planning programs, the paper concludes with a summary of major findings-underlined in the text-and the authors' personal commentary on their implications for both study and action. PMID- 1251451 TI - Setting inventory levels for hospital blood banks. AB - A method is devised to predict the hospital blood bank inventory of each of the eight blood types that will be adequate on all but a given fraction of days (shortage rate). Analysis of the model confirms and extends prior statistical models and provides a rationale for a number of observations made on some common blood inventory practices. Comparison of the relationship between inventory levels and shortage rates predicted by the model and that calculated from data from 21 hospital blood banks of varying sizes, located in four separate parts of the country, reveals agreement within approximately 10 per cent. A procedure is presented and allows blood banks to select inventory levels and shortage rates based on their mean demand for blood. PMID- 1251452 TI - Status report on methods of platelet preservation. PMID- 1251453 TI - Storage of platelet concentrates. AB - The American National Red Cross has initiated a cooperative clinical study designed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of fresh platelets and platelets stored at 4 or 22 C for up to 72 hours. Preliminary results, in confirmation of earlier work, indicate an inverse relationship between platelet count and bleeding time in patients with thrombocytopenia transfused with fresh platelets. Also, the observed rise in platelet count immediately following transfusion of fresh platelets is generally maintained for four to eight hours after which time it declines significantly. PMID- 1251454 TI - Circulation and hemostatic effectiveness of platelets stored at 4 C or 22 C: studies in aspirin-treated normal volunteers. PMID- 1251455 TI - In vivo distribution of injected 14C-dioxyadenine in tissues and organs of normal rats. AB - A large dose of 2, 8-dioxyadenine-14C was injected intravenously into rats and its fate followed at several intervals during the first 24 hours after administration. The distribution of the radioactive material throughout the various tissues or organs was calculated and expressed as a percentage of the injected dose as well as a specific activity per unit organ weight. It appears that dioxyadenine is rapidly distributed throughout the organs and tissues of the rats and that specific concentration occurs in a few organs. High retention of the radioactive material and a very high specific activity are observed in the kidney. Smaller but significant concentrations of the 14C-compound are also observed in muscle and skin, and cannot be attributed to the presence of residual blood. The radioactive material is gradually released from these tissues and, by 24 hours after injection, 92 per cent of the injected dose is found in the urine. Microscopic observation shows deposition of crystals in the kidney. Crystals are also present in the urine and appear as small slightly yellow spheres. PMID- 1251456 TI - Studies to improve methods of short-term platelet preservation. PMID- 1251457 TI - Genetics of anti-A and anti-B levels. AB - Hemolysins and agglutinins anti-A and anti-B were measured in 401 blood group O individuals belonging to 74 families. Levels of hemolysins and saline agglutinins reached a peak during childhood and decreased thereafter. Incomplete agglutinins showed a relative increase after childhood. Hemolysins and agglutinins were higher in blacks than in whites. Whites had higher anti-A than anti-B levels and the levels were higher in females than in males. In blacks the anti-B levels were almost as high as were the levels of anti-A and little sex difference was found. Levels of hemolytic anti-A and saline anti-A were closely correlated as were hemolytic anti-B and saline anti-B but low correlations were found between anti-A and anti-B levels. Anti-A and anti-B hemolysin and agglutinin levels were positively correlated with serum IgM levels but anti-A levels were not. Isoantibody levels were not correlated with IgA, IgD, and IgE levels. Correlation and regression analysis among relatives disclosed that from 20 to 30 per cent of the total phenotypic variation in isoantibody levels was accounted for by genetic variation. Age of the individual also contributed markedly to the variation in hemolysins and saline agglutinins, but about one-half of the total variation remained unaccounted for. PMID- 1251458 TI - Granulocyte kinetics in donors undergoing filtration leukapheresis. AB - Normal blood donors undergoing filtration leukapheresis (FL) have a profound transient neutropenia early in the procedure which is followed by a "rebound" neutrophilia. This phenomenon occurs in unstimulated donors as well as in donors pretreated with either prednisone or dexamethasone. The mechanism for development of the neutropenia was investigated in volunteers throug a nylon filter at 37 C, a significant but transient neutropenia was observed. Plasma rendered cell and stroma-free achieved the same result indicating that plasma alone, when exposed to nylon fibers, is capable of producing neutropenia. PMID- 1251459 TI - Anti-Coa implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn. PMID- 1251460 TI - Blood preservation XVI packed red cell storage in CPD-adenine. AB - Interest has been renewed in CPD-adenine as a long-term liquid blood preservative. The question of whether the metabolic product of adenine, 2,8 dioxyadenine was toxic to humans has apparently been resolved by extensive animal and human studies in favor of there being no potential toxicity in the amounts used in blood preservation. Sweden is adopting CPD-adenine (0.25 mM) as its national blood preservative after ten years of clinical experience in trials. They have shown that each additional week of storage time beyond the current three weeks with CPD results in a 50 per cent reduction of wasteage caused by outdating. They are adopting the 35-day time for regular use with 42 days for an emergency reserve supply. However, many units of blood in the U.S. are stored as packed red blood cells and the question has been raised as to whether there is sufficient glucose in the preservative to maintain red blood cell metabolism in the packed cell unit. The present investigation indicates that there is sufficient glucose for 35 days of packed cell storage in CPD-adenine (0.25 mM) but in some units this might be marginal at 42 days of storage. PMID- 1251461 TI - Letter: Toxicities of dextrans. PMID- 1251462 TI - The nude mouse vs. the hypothesis of immunological surveillance. PMID- 1251463 TI - Effect of high doses of methylprednisolone on the isolated, perfused canine kidney. AB - The administration of methylprednisolone (MP) (2.125-4.125 G) To the cryoprecipitated plasma perfusate of 41 canine kidneys preserved with hypothermic pulsatile perfusion is associated with increased vascular resistance, decreased plasma flow, and rising perfusion pressure that become more pronounced over periods up to 20 hr. The magnitude of the increase in renal resistance is directly related in a bimodal fashion to the dose of MP and to the interval following drug administration. The increase in renal resistance is generally irreversible (three or four cases) under conditions of high MP dosage (2.125 g) administered for 4 hr or longer. Severe histological changes occurred in kidneys perfused with MP 20 hr or longer. These changes were primarily glomerular changes consisting of necrosis of capillary loops, occlusion of Bowman's space, basement membrane thickening, and endothelial cell damage; tubular changes consisting of occlusion of tubular lumens and tubular epithelial cell damage; and arteriolar changes consisting of occlusion primarily of afferent arterioles with dense eosinophilic material. These studies demonstrate that the administration of high doses of MP can produce irreversible hemodynamic and histological changes in the isolated, perfused kidney and may preclude its use in pretreating kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 1251464 TI - Letter: Neuraminidase-revealed antigens of erythrocytes and lymphocytes. PMID- 1251465 TI - [Treatment with alarm apparatus in nocturnal enuresis. Practical details]. PMID- 1251466 TI - [Treatment in nocturnal enuresis with alarm apparatus in adults]. PMID- 1251467 TI - [Treatment of nocturnal enuresis with a conditioning apparatus]. PMID- 1251468 TI - [Deaths from measles in Denmark 1958-1969]. PMID- 1251469 TI - [Fracture of the pelvis. A study of types of fracture, complications, accompanying lesions and late results]. PMID- 1251470 TI - [Death from sickle cell anemia during air transport]. PMID- 1251471 TI - [Turner's syndrome 4 variants]. PMID- 1251472 TI - [3 cases of syphilis among drug addicts. A potential risk group]. PMID- 1251473 TI - [Hereditary atypical serum cholinesterase]. PMID- 1251474 TI - [Letter: More on enuresis]. PMID- 1251476 TI - [Editorial: Tooth eruption difficulties]. PMID- 1251475 TI - [Drug information. Diazoxide (Hyperstat, Essex Pharma)]. PMID- 1251477 TI - [Editorial: The medical profession and torture]. PMID- 1251478 TI - Declaration of Tokyo. PMID- 1251479 TI - [Tattooing of minors. II]. PMID- 1251480 TI - [Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 1251481 TI - [Vesicovaginal fistulas]. PMID- 1251482 TI - [Retinal damage and oral contraceptives]. PMID- 1251483 TI - [Posttraumatic osteonecrosis of the pubis in a football player]. PMID- 1251484 TI - [Delirium due to orphrnadine chloride treated with physostigmine salicylate]. PMID- 1251485 TI - [13q syndrome. Deletion of the long arm of chromosome No. 13]. PMID- 1251486 TI - [Clinical and social aspects of speech audiometry. A comparative study of various speech audiometric materials]. PMID- 1251487 TI - [The usefulness of WHO's disease classification list in general practice]. PMID- 1251488 TI - [A diagnostic study of patients with upper abdominal pain]. PMID- 1251489 TI - [Hereditary pancreatitis. Chronic recurrent pancreatitis in 2 Danish families]. PMID- 1251490 TI - [Effect of elastic compression on the rate of flow in the deep veins of the leg]. PMID- 1251492 TI - [Hematemesis complicating gastric aspiration]. PMID- 1251491 TI - [A case of acute carisoprodol poisoning. Symptoms and metabolism]. PMID- 1251493 TI - [Letter: Danish Hospital Institute]. PMID- 1251494 TI - [Letter: Calomel treatment of fungus diseases and pruritus ani]. PMID- 1251495 TI - [Letter: To give birth--to live--to survive. Labor methods]. PMID- 1251496 TI - [Indications for lipid reducing drugs]. PMID- 1251497 TI - [Editorial: Pain in the upper abdomen]. PMID- 1251498 TI - [Environment or health. Balance of nature and man]. PMID- 1251499 TI - [Problems concerning the position of present day clinical chemistry and its future development]. PMID- 1251500 TI - [Letter: Perspectives of the future of clinical chemistry]. PMID- 1251501 TI - [General medicine at Aarhus university]. PMID- 1251502 TI - [Acute complications of abortion]. PMID- 1251503 TI - [Late complications following abortus provocatus]. PMID- 1251504 TI - [Legal abortion. A prospective study of outpatient legal abortion in the Municipal hospital in Arhus during a 1 year period]. PMID- 1251506 TI - [Outpatient legal abortion using a modified Vabra aspirator and paracervical anesthesia]. PMID- 1251505 TI - [Outpatient legal abortion. 500 operations with paracervical anesthesia]. PMID- 1251507 TI - [IUD and induced abortion]. PMID- 1251509 TI - [Editorial: Legal abortion. Organizational and medical problems]. PMID- 1251508 TI - [Copper-T-Kabi and Gravigard. 1 year's experiences with 2 copper IUDs]. PMID- 1251510 TI - [Abortion development in the Scandinavian countries 1965-1974]. PMID- 1251511 TI - [Incidence of abortion and contraception patterns during 1968-1974]. PMID- 1251512 TI - [Legal abortion. Abortion as a form of contraception? A prospective study of 608 women applying for abortion]. PMID- 1251513 TI - [Legal abortion in gynecological departments following free access to abortion]. PMID- 1251514 TI - [Legal abortion--1000 women. Data concerning contraception, age and obstetric history]. PMID- 1251515 TI - [Legal abortion in the county of Funen in relation to the liberalized Danish legislation]. PMID- 1251517 TI - [Guidance prior to abortion]. PMID- 1251516 TI - [Legal abortion. Review after introduction of outpatient abortions]. PMID- 1251518 TI - [Male and female sterilization compared. A retrospective sociological study]. PMID- 1251519 TI - Declaration of Helsinki. Recommendations guiding medical doctors in biomedical research involving human subjects. PMID- 1251520 TI - [Statistical analysis of data from clinical and retrospective studies]. PMID- 1251521 TI - [A nosographic study of x-ray negative dyspepsia]. PMID- 1251522 TI - [Psychological problems in patients with upper abdominal pain]. PMID- 1251523 TI - [Ultrasonically guided percutaneous nephrostomy]. PMID- 1251524 TI - [Liver changes after sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Trisural)]. PMID- 1251525 TI - [Fibrous stenosis of the small intestine after incarcerated hernia]. PMID- 1251527 TI - [Letter: More about autogenic training and its creator]. PMID- 1251526 TI - [Letter: Glucose analysis in blood and serum with the BM-testmeter]. PMID- 1251528 TI - [Letter: Routine thoracic radiography]. PMID- 1251529 TI - [Letter: Myocardial infarct mortality during hospitalization]. PMID- 1251530 TI - [Letter: Blood pressure determination in mm Hg or kilopascal?]. PMID- 1251531 TI - [Letter: The anti-neoplastic effect of Scanalka]. PMID- 1251532 TI - [Letter: Neurotherapy]. PMID- 1251533 TI - [Letter: Thromboembolism and hormonal treatment]. PMID- 1251534 TI - [Editorial: Helsinki declaration.II]. PMID- 1251536 TI - [Developmental trends in Danish health services]. PMID- 1251535 TI - [Mental observations. I. 100 mental observations 1968-70]. PMID- 1251537 TI - [Letter: Incidence of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 1251538 TI - [Letter: Individual patient records]. PMID- 1251539 TI - [Letter: Retirement of physicians]. PMID- 1251541 TI - [Letter: Oral surgery - the pro and con]. PMID- 1251540 TI - [Letter: Oral surgery]. PMID- 1251542 TI - [Radiographic diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 1251543 TI - [Determination of plasma cortisol by competitive protein binding technic with Cortipac kit]. PMID- 1251544 TI - [Cytological examination of the prostate by transrectal aspiration]. PMID- 1251545 TI - [The pathogenic significance of bacterial lipopolysaccharides: LPS syndrome. A review and hypothesis]. PMID- 1251546 TI - [Fat-induced jejunal inhibition of food-stimulated acid secretion in normal individuals]. PMID- 1251547 TI - [Editorial: Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 1251548 TI - [Disease prevention and alteration behavior]. PMID- 1251549 TI - [Insurance possibilities for physicians]. PMID- 1251550 TI - [Russian health politics--an example for western countries]. PMID- 1251551 TI - A hand-held electronically switched array for rapid ultrasonic scanning. AB - This paper describes the design and construction of a simple multi-element transducer array capable of converting an A-scan unit to a real-time, hand-held section scanner. Elements are connected in groups of four to give a finer stepping interval than is possible with discrete transducers. Application of the array as an inexpensive alternative to conventional B-scanners is discussed, in addition to its more obvious application as a non-invasive method of imaging the moving heart. PMID- 1251552 TI - A real time 2-dimensional ultrasonic scanner for clinical use. AB - The technical details of a real time 2-dimensional ultrasonic scanning system are described, with particular regard to the improved clinical performance over other 2-dimensional scanners. Our instrument is capable of being used with existing ultrasonic equipment extending certain standard ultrasonic machines for use as real time 2-dimensional scanners conveniently and at little cost. Initial results are given and future technical developments are discussed. PMID- 1251553 TI - Letter: Exposure critieria for industrial ultrasound. PMID- 1251554 TI - [Outlook of internal medicine in the new 5-year plan]. PMID- 1251555 TI - [Investigation of platelet aggregation using an acid-soluble collagen made in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 1251556 TI - [An automated multichannel system, based on the principle of continuous flow, for chemical analysis]. PMID- 1251557 TI - [Instrumental analysis of bone-marrow-cell DNA level--a prognostic and therapeutic aid in acute leukemia]. PMID- 1251558 TI - [Hemorrhagic conditions caused by platelet dysfunction]. PMID- 1251559 TI - [Crossed chromatography of sugars in urine on thin cellulose layers]. PMID- 1251560 TI - [A new method for the control of heparin therapy]. PMID- 1251561 TI - [The Duffy blood-group system in the Czechoslovak population]. PMID- 1251562 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of excessive intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 1251563 TI - [Quatitative determination of immunoglobulins and paraproteins in plasmacytoma]. PMID- 1251564 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 1251566 TI - [Principles of statistical methodology in medicine. XIII. Relationship of quantitative variables. (Part 1)]. PMID- 1251565 TI - [Plasmacellular dyscrasia in a young woman with a benign atypical course]. PMID- 1251567 TI - Contribution to the optimal use of human blood. VII. Increase of the yield of factor VIII in four-donor cryoprecipitate by an improved processing of blood and plasma. AB - The influence of different variables on the yield of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate as prepared in the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, was studied. The following conclusions may be drawn: (1) In case blood should be stored, the use of the anticoagulant solution acid citrate dextrose (ACD) is preferable to citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) or trisodium citrate (TSC). (2) The temperature of stored whole blood should not decrease below 8 degrees C because of a spontaneous precipitation of factor VIII from blood (and plasma) below this temperature. (3) Cryoprecipitate derived from rapidly frozen plasma (1 min) contains a decreased amount of proteins in comparison with cryoprecipitate prepared from slowly frozen plasma (45 min to 4 h). On the other hand, equal amounts of factor VIII activity were obtained in the precipitate after freezing of plasma at varying rates. (4) Rapid thawing of plasma results in both higher yields of factor VIII procoagulant activity and a higher specific activity of this factor in the resulting cryoprecipitate. (5) The sedimentation of cryoprecipitate is completed after 5 min centrifugation at 1,500 g. (6) At temperatures higher than 8 degrees C, cryoprecipitated factor VIII starts dissolving into the supernatant plasma or in buffer. (7) Factor VIII in lyophilized cryoprecipitate is stable at room temperature. At elevated temperatures it rapidly looses its activity. (8) Evidence was obtained that the improvements which are introduced in the preparation of factor VIII do not lead to a product which is less stable in vitro as well as in vivo. PMID- 1251568 TI - The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase reaction, lysolecithin and red cell ageing in blood stored under normal transfusion service conditions. AB - The lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and lysolecithin content of human blood stored under standard blood transfusion service conditions at 4 degrees C for 6 weeks has been investigated. Cooling the blood to 4 degrees C rapidly inactivates the LCAT reaction, but the enzyme is not denatured during storage under these conditions. Citrate in the anticoagulant did not activate the LCAT reaction in freshly-taken whole blood. The total phospholipid and total lysolecithin content of whole blood decreased during storage at 4 degrees C for 6 weeks. The lysolecithin content of fresh red cells (2.0-3.0 mumol lysolecithin x 10(-11) per cell) showed no significant change during the storage period. PMID- 1251569 TI - Separation of two hepatitis B human antibody fractions by cold-ethanol precipitation. AB - Antibodies to three different samples of hepatitis B antigen-positive serum were found to be absent from a Cohn fraction II hepatitis B immune globulin preparation, but present in the whole plasma from which the immune globulin was made. Fractions containing the antibodies specific for the three antigen samples were isolated from the plasma by euglobulin precipitation, and the antibodies were characterized as to immunoglobulin class and precipitability in the Cohn fractionation procedure. They appear to be IgG antibodies which, however, were detectable only in Cohn fraction I, while the remainder of the HB specificity present in the original plasma was found, as expected, in fraction II. PMID- 1251570 TI - Activity of B-gene-specified galactosyltransferase in individuals with Bm phenotypes. AB - Blood group B-gene-specified alpha-galactosyltransferase was determined in serums and erythrocyte membranes of several related persons with Bm phenotypes. The level of this enzyme in serums was similar to, but in erythrocyte membranes much lower than that found in normal B and AB persons. PMID- 1251571 TI - Linkage studies between HL-A and GPT polymorphisms and other genetic markers. AB - The phenotypes of 56 families with 126 children from the Hamburg area as well as gene frequencies and segregation of the genetic markers GPT, AP, ADA, AK, PGM1, PGM3, 6-PGD, CHE, C3, Gc, Tf, Hp and Cp were studied. In regard to linkage, the informative families were correlated to the results of HL-A and GPT typing. The linkage was tested according to the sequential test by MORTON (1955). See article. For other gene loci, linkage to the HL-A or GPT system could not be proved. But the positive lod scores of HL-A/GPT, HL-A/AP and GPT/6-PGD may give indication for linkage. PMID- 1251572 TI - The HL-A system in Thais. AB - The HL-A antigens were studied in 100 Thai subjects. HL-A2, 11 and 9 of the first series and W15, HL-A17, 5, and 13 of the second series were commonly found. HL-A2 11 and W15- were the commonest phenotypes observed in the first and the second series, respectively. The HL-A2, X2, and 2, W15 were the most common haplotypes. However, there was no significant gametic association. PMID- 1251573 TI - Groups of alpha-D- galactosyltransferase activity in sera of individuals with normal B phenotype. II. Relationship between transferase activity and red cell agglutinability. AB - In the Paris population of blood donors with normal B phenotype, two groups can be formed owing to their respective serum alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity and red cell agglutinability with an anti-B antibody. Both parameters are closely correlated. The agglutinability groups partially overlap. In an African population from various ethnical origins, this correlation was observed only in some individuals. 11 among 20 subjects belonged to a third group defined by a high transferase activity. The third group with the strongest agglutinability previously described by GIBBS et al. [6] were not encountered. On the other hand, serum transferase activity varied inversely as agglutination scores with anti-H (Ulex). Both parameters are closely correlated but not in the same way in Caucasian as in African individuals. In the latter, this relation does not depend on the agglutinability group. The H antigen strength variability, according to ethnical origins, may explain these results. PMID- 1251574 TI - An Alberta Cree Indian with a rare Duffy antibody, anti-Fy 3. AB - Anti-Fy3, found in the serum of an Fy(a-b-) Cree Indian woman believed to have been transfused 5 years previously, caused moderate hemolytic disease of the newborn in her eighth live-born baby. Only three examples of anti-Fy3 are know. It is striking that two were made by non-negro people, amongst whom Fy(a-b-) is extremely rare, and only one by a Negro, in whose people Fy(a-b-) is by far the commonest phenotype. This suggests that Fy(a-b-) may be a heterogeneous phenotype, with the negro version conferring some impediment to immunization by Fya, Fyb or Fy3 antigens. The rare allele Fyx is also present in the kindred of the propositus, and is shown to correspond to weak Fy3 as well as weak Fyb anitgen. PMID- 1251575 TI - Anti-Pr3: serological and immunochemical identification of a new anti-Pr subspecificity. AB - A monoclonal IgM(kappa) anti-Pr cold agglutinin occurring after a rubella infection is shown to have the 'new' anti-Pr subspecificity anti-Pr3. Pr3 determinants are found on cat and sheep erythrocytes which lack Pr1 and Pr2 determinants. By carbodiimide treatment of human erythrocyte glycoproteins, which causes intramolecular coupling of N-acetylneuraminic acid carboxyl groups and nucleophilic centers of the glycoprotein backbone, Pr3 antigen activity is strongly increased, while Pr1 and Pr2 determinants are inactivated. PMID- 1251576 TI - Study of antigenic varieties of group A red cells, platelets and lymphocytes using liquid phase electrophoresis. AB - The authors attempt to study the presence of subgroups of the phenotype A on lymphocytes and platelets with the help of liquid phase electrophoresis. The results show that anti-A of B serum reduces the electrophoretic mobility of red cells, platelets and lymphocytes of group A but leaves unchanged the mobility of group O or B cells. The same variations are observed in red cell lymphocytes and platelets. The authors suppose that the distribution of antigenic sites is identical in these elements. PMID- 1251577 TI - Capillary tube testing and enhancement with 30% Albumin. AB - Capillary tube methods are reviewed and modifications with albumin are described with emphasis on detection of antigens in the major red cell systems and in HL-A and related systems using red cell suspension. PMID- 1251578 TI - A simple technique for the inactivation of IgM antibodies using dithiothreitol. AB - This report describes a simple method for inactivating 19S red cell antibodies using the odorless compound dithiothreitol (DTT). 30 sera which contained antiglobulin-active red cell antibodies showed virtually no alteration in activity after DTT treatment, while 30 different sera containing cold-active red cell antibodies showed almost total elimination of activity following DTT treatment. Six sera were separated into IgG and IgM fractions. All red cell activity was eliminated in the IgM fraction, but was unaffected by DTT treatment of the IgG fraction. This method of inactivating IgM antibodies should be of value in investigating cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn and in studying sera containing mixtures of warm and cold red cell antibodies. PMID- 1251579 TI - A lymphocyte immunogenetic system, Atri, associated with the ABO blood group and the ABH secretor system. AB - The antigen Atri can be detected on the lymphocytes of 5.19% of A, ABH secretor individuals. The Atri substance is present in the plasma of the same individuals and can be fixed on group O erythrocytes. It is also found in the saliva of 30 out of 32 A non-secretor individuals. Its existence in the saliva of A secretor individuals, however, cannot be proved due to the presence of both the A and Atri antigens. The A AND Atri antigens have been shown to be distinct on lymphocytes by capping and by blocking of the A sites. The fact that in several families the Atri antigen is not expressed by the parents shows that its expression on lymphocytes requires the intervention of at least one gene in addition to ABO and Se. PMID- 1251580 TI - Editorial: Red cell ageing and death. AB - To obtain red cell populations of increasing mean age erythropoiesis was arrested through continuous actinomycin treatment or maintained transfusion polycythemia in mice and rats respectively. The parameters studied included cell indices, enzyme activities and rheological characteristics. Further, the life-span of aged cells was compared to normal, and the sequestration site was determined. Mice erythrocytes, like those of rats, exerienced a continuous decrease in MCV1, an early rise in MCHC, and late MCH reduction. In ageing rat erythrocytes the activities of HK, GR and 6-PGD did not fall below the normal range during the first 9 tenths of the potential life-span. On the other hand, a borderline reduction of PK activity was found, and the activity of G-6PD underwent a steady though unimpressive decrease to 70% of the physiological average. Aged erythrocytes, forced through 15-mum capillaries differed in apparent viscosity from reticulocytes and normal cells by a factor of 1.31 and 1.16, respectively. Destruction of senescent cells was predominantly confined to the spleen, and prolonged erythrocyte survival followed splenectomy. PMID- 1251581 TI - A new antibody specificity, anti-Rga, reacting with a red cell and serum antigen. AB - A new antibody specificity, anti-Rga, which detects an inherited antigen on red cells and in serum, reacts with 97% of individuals in the British population. PMID- 1251582 TI - Familial clustering of selective IgA deficiency. AB - Serum IgA levels of 35 healthy IgA-deficient index cases, of their 180 first degree relatives, and of 31 other family members were studied. IgA deficiency was detected in 7.2% of the first-degree relatives, which is significantly more than the 0.25% frequency of IgA deficiency in healthy Finnish blood donors. Subnormal serum IgA levels were found in additional 13 (7.2%) first-degree relatives. The familial clustering of IgA deficiency seemed to be controlled by multigenic factors. IgA-deficient persons and their family members were tested for antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies, for rheumatoid factor (by latex test) and for other anti-IgG antibodies (by Ripley test). Antibodies against bovine milk were also studied. The relatives of IgA-deficient persons did not have more of these antibodies than the controls. It is suggested that various serological abnormalities are a consequence of the IgA deficiency rather than of genetic defects per se. PMID- 1251583 TI - HBsAG and anti-HBs among Israeli blood donors. AB - Prevalence of HBSAg was studied by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) in 65,795 consecutive volunteer blood donors in Israel. The overall prevalence of HBSAg was 1.22% HBSAg was more prevalent in the young donors, more prevalent in male donors and varied according to the country of origin of the donors. The prevalence of HBSAg was 0.63% among donors born in Europe or the Americas and 2.83% for those born in Asia of Africa. The HBSAg prevalence among native Israelis followed the same pattern with higher prevalence rates among those born in Israel whose families came from Asia or Africa than those from Europe or America. The prevalence of Anti-HBS by CEP was studied in 39,519 donors. The prevalence of antibody was higher in females and was higher in the same ethnic groups in whom there was a relatively high HBSAg prevalence. PMID- 1251584 TI - A study of red cell H-content in Ugandan Africans and Europeans of group O. AB - The H-content of the red cells of 52 Ugandan Africans and 53 Europeans, all of group O, was measured using agglutination with an extract of Ulex europaeus. There was no appreciable difference between the scores in the two populations. PMID- 1251585 TI - Action of African B gene on A, subgroup of A. AB - The action of strong B gene on A1, subgroup of A is demonstrated in a family of 18 individuals. The inheritance of A2BHw and A2BHw is explained. Attention is drawn to these subgroups in parentage studies, especially in Africans. PMID- 1251586 TI - Production of immune anti-Lewis sera in goats. AB - Incomplete anti-Lec, anti-Led, anti-Les (anti-Leb+Led), anti-Lens (anti-Lea+Lec), anti-Lem (anti-Leb+Lec) and anti-Lex (anti-Lea+Leb) antibodies were prepared by the immunization of goats with boiled saliva, absorbing the resulting sera with trypsinized erythrocytes. The discovery (2) of anti-Led which reacts only with Le(a-b-) red cells of secretors, together with an analysis of the theories of GRUBB and CEPPELLINI led the present author to predict the existence of anti-Lec which would react only with Le(a-b-) red cells of non-secretors. GUNSON and LATHAM (1)reported their finding of an antibody fulfilling this latter criterion in the serum of a sample submitted for routine antenatal tests. PMID- 1251587 TI - The HL-A type of Rg(a-) individuals. AB - The investigation of 2 examples of anti-Rga led to the observation that the phenotype HL-A 1,8 occurs very frequently among Rg(a-) individuals. PMID- 1251588 TI - More Salvia agglutinins. AB - Six further examples of haemagglutinins from Salvia are reported; one is anti-T and 5 are anti-Tn. PMID- 1251589 TI - Optimal conditions for the use of sulphydryl compounds in dissociating red cell antibodies. AB - Optimal conditions for the use of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and dithiothreitol (DTT) in the inactivation of IgM red cell antibodies were investigated. 0.2 M 2 ME was better than 0.01 M DTT; higher concentrations of these 2 substances could not conveniently be used because of gel formation. Incubation at 37 degrees C led to far more rapid inactivation than incubation at 22 degrees C; with 2-ME a period of 15 min at 37 degrees C was sufficient except with very potent antibodies, which were not inactivated even after 3 h incubation. When indirect antiglobulin tests were carried out on 2-ME-treated serum which had not been dialysed, false-positive results were obtained, although only with the mixture of equal volumes of undiluted serum and of 2-ME; results were negative in tests on dilutions of the mixture in saline. False-positive results could also be avoided by incubating the serum for 3 h with iodoacetamide, but this method also involves dilution of the serum. The only method whereby 2-ME-treated serum can be tested without diluting it and without obtaining false-positive reactions is to dialyse it overnight against saline. Since this method also gets rid of the noxious smell of 2-ME it is to be preferred for most purposes. PMID- 1251590 TI - Serological studies on an alpha-D-galactosyl-binding lectin isolated from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds. PMID- 1251591 TI - Lack of identity of the A antigen and concanavalin A receptor on bovine erythrocytes; implications for membrane structure. PMID- 1251592 TI - Evidence for cold immunoglobulin receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes in cryoglobulinaemia. PMID- 1251593 TI - Anti-K14: an antibody specificity associated with Kell blood group system. PMID- 1251594 TI - Bombay (Oh) phenotype in two generations in an Indian family. PMID- 1251595 TI - Difficulties encountered in the large-scale production of blood-grouping sera from human citrated plasma. PMID- 1251596 TI - An improved method for the reconstitution of frozen red blood cells. PMID- 1251597 TI - Mass radiography in tuberculosis control. PMID- 1251598 TI - Recent trends in health statistics. PMID- 1251599 TI - Malnutrition in the Western Pacific Region. PMID- 1251601 TI - A system of poliomyelitis surveillance. PMID- 1251600 TI - Educational planning and health. PMID- 1251602 TI - Neurosurgical microvascular bypass for stroke. AB - A review of the present status of neurosurgical vascular bypass for problems of cerebrovascular occlusive disease is presented. In 70 patients who have undergone operations by one surgical team, the results are most encouraging in cases of transient ischemic attacks with hemodynamic lesions previously considered inoperable or inaccessible in the cerebral vasculature. The morbidity rate is acceptable and the present operative mortality rate is 1.4 percent. PMID- 1251603 TI - Congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - Congenital dislocation or subluxation of the hip (congenital acetabular dysplasia) is a complete or partial displacement of the femoral head out of the acetabulum. The physical signs essential for diagnosis are age related. In newborns the tests for instability are the most sensitive. After the neonatal period, and until the age of walking, tightness of the adductor muscles is the most reliable sign. Early diagnosis is vital for successful treatment of this partially genetically determined condition. Various therapeutic measures, ranging from abduction splinting to open reduction and osteotomy, may be required. Following diagnosis in the first month of life, the average treatment time in one recent series was only 2.3 months from initiation of therapy to attainment of a normal hip. When the diagnosis was not made until 3 to 6 months of age, ten months of treatment was required to achieve the same outcome. When the diagnosis is not made, or the treatment is not begun until after the age of 6, a normal hip will probably not develop in any patient. PMID- 1251604 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Respiratory medicine rounds of Stanford University Hospital. PMID- 1251605 TI - The clinical pharmacology of lidocaine as an antiarrhythmic drug. PMID- 1251606 TI - Treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with miconazole. PMID- 1251607 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the neurogenic urinary bladder. PMID- 1251608 TI - High risk perinatal care in California. AB - Rates of perinatal mortality are still too high in California. Mortality and morbidity, particularly for high risk pregnancies, can be reduced by the use of modern technology in the hands of highly trained personnel. New goals for perinatal care have been published by the California Medical Association reflecting these changes. This kind of care is too costly to be developed in all the small obstetric units presently providing services in California. Consolidation of obstetric and neonatal units into fewer hospitals can make it economically possible for these units to meet present-day standards. PMID- 1251609 TI - [Clinical evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the colon]. PMID- 1251610 TI - [Observations on the course of epidemic parotitis in adults]. PMID- 1251611 TI - [Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1251612 TI - [Pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 1251613 TI - [Pollens and allergic diseases of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 1251614 TI - [Wissler - Fanconi syndrome or Still's disease?]. PMID- 1251615 TI - [Diagnostic problems in gout in a 44-year-old man]. PMID- 1251616 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of a connective tissue disease]. PMID- 1251617 TI - [Psychpathological aspects of the status of patients with late diagnosis of congenital myotonia]. PMID- 1251618 TI - [Methyl chloride poisoning]. PMID- 1251619 TI - [Effects of intravenous dehydrobenzperidol and phentanyl in premedication on serum sodium and potassium concentrations]. PMID- 1251620 TI - [Persistent omphaloenteric duct and its manifestations in younger children]. PMID- 1251621 TI - [Evaluation of usefulness of metoclopramide in radiographic studies of upper segments of digestive system]. PMID- 1251622 TI - [Active eradication of streptococci in closed populations]. PMID- 1251623 TI - [The effects of certain cations on therapeutic and toxic properties of digitalis glycosides]. PMID- 1251624 TI - [Hyperosmotic, hyperglycemic, non-ketotic diabetic coma]. PMID- 1251625 TI - [Considerations on malignant transformation of congenital extrophic bladder]. PMID- 1251626 TI - [Surgical injuries and methemoglobinemia due to explosion of an oxidizing mixture]. PMID- 1251627 TI - [Considerations on surgical treatment of giant-cell tumors of bones]. PMID- 1251628 TI - [Retrosternal hernia in children]. PMID- 1251629 TI - [Late results of treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer by vagotomy and pyloroplasty]. PMID- 1251630 TI - [Early complications of truncal and selective vagotomy and drainage operation in treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1251631 TI - [Application of combined anesthesia during labor]. PMID- 1251632 TI - [The effect of the age on the value of exercise test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1251633 TI - [Methoxypropriocin in the treatment of degenerative bone disease (comparative studies)]. PMID- 1251634 TI - [Desensitization to dust]. PMID- 1251635 TI - [Cerebral circulation disturbances in a case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 1251636 TI - [Torsion of omental appendix as a cause of acute abdomen syndrome]. PMID- 1251637 TI - [Gas gangrene after abdominal shot injury from a "Grum" pistol for driving-in nails]. PMID- 1251639 TI - [Clinical considerations on hyperosmotic coma]. PMID- 1251638 TI - [A case of acute bacterial dysentery with cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 1251640 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism of unknown etiology]. PMID- 1251641 TI - [Osteorenal form of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 1251642 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of proteinuria]. PMID- 1251643 TI - [Wissler-Fanconi syndrome in adults]. PMID- 1251644 TI - [Extensive necrosis of crural tissues following therapeutic neglect]. PMID- 1251646 TI - [Spontaneous internal biliary fistula]. PMID- 1251645 TI - [Early results of bronchogenic carcinoma treatment with massive doses of cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 1251647 TI - [Simple preparation of the colon for radiographic studies endoscopy]. PMID- 1251649 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and female genital diseases]. PMID- 1251648 TI - [Lincomycin in respiratory tract diseases in children]. PMID- 1251650 TI - [Respiratory disorders in acute cranio-meningeal lesions]. PMID- 1251651 TI - [Meaning of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic studies in the therapy]. PMID- 1251652 TI - [The problem of "small kidney" in pediatric practice]. PMID- 1251653 TI - [A case of a double cholecystoduodenal fistula]. PMID- 1251654 TI - [Encephalitis and meningoencephalitis during ornithosis]. PMID- 1251655 TI - [A case of Wissler-Fanconi syndrome in an adult]. PMID- 1251656 TI - [2 cases of sarcoma developing at the site of fracture and metallic osteosynthesis]. PMID- 1251657 TI - [Fibrinolysis and anticoagulants in severe angina pectoris]. PMID- 1251658 TI - [Hunger and satiation as functions of various dietary regimes]. PMID- 1251659 TI - [A New Year's wish]. PMID- 1251660 TI - [Indications and findings in the electronic monitoring of the fetus during birth]. AB - From 1971 to 1974 in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Humboldt University of Berlin we monitored 1132 fetuses. The extent of the analysed groups runs to 306 to 632 cases, according to the completeness of the investigations and documentation. We have compared our CTG-findings with those of other authors. We found relationships between the risk factors and the CTG findings: for low weight fetuses more frequent Dip I, for maternal vitium cordis more frequent fetal tachycardia, for meconium stained liquor more frequent smooth baseline (silent) for EPH-gestosis (toxemia) more frequent Dip II (late deceleration) and variable deceleration. The relationships between the risk factors and the CTG findings are loose and not suitable to verify the great differences in frequency of the CTG pattern, published in the literature. We believe, that these differences are caused by different definitions and subjective interpretation of the CTG. PMID- 1251661 TI - [Influence of electronic monitoring of the fetus on the frequency of surgery and on the status of the newborn infant]. AB - In the years from 1971 to 1974 the rate of fetal monitoring of high risk deliveries rose from 3.0% to 23.7%. In this time our clinic become a center of high risk pregnancies (reproductive failure and prematurity). By this way we could not show a decrease of the perinatal and intranatal mortality. The increase of caesarean sections from 3.0% (1968) to 6.0% (1974) was caused by the increasing of high risk patients. Fetal monitoring is not a cause for rising of operative frequency. By means of fetal monitoring the Apgar score of the newborns from mothers with severe diseases is not significant worse than from newborns of mothers with more easy diseases. PMID- 1251662 TI - [Clinical problems in extreme fetal retardation]. AB - Three cases of extreme fetal somatic retardation are reported. Fetal retardation is the consequence of chronic placental insufficiency and is affected with a high lethality. It is necessary to recognize suspicious cases by anamnesis and clinical findings; a method of differential diagnostic procedure is described. After demonstrating the placental insufficiency and sufficient fetal maturity the indication for finishing pregnancy is given even though the fetus is extremely small. PMID- 1251663 TI - [Use of hypertonic solutions through umbilical cord vessels]. AB - The authors report on a newborn with skin necroses and fibularis paresis after postnatal administration of NaHCO3 via the umbilical cord. Then some problems of postnatal buffer therapy are discussed. After a review of advantages and disadvantages of puncture or cannulation of the umbilical vein on the one hand and its catheterization on the other, the former procedures are preferred for an effective buffer therapy, provided strict indications are followed. PMID- 1251664 TI - [A case of complete amelia in a newborn infant. (Contribution on the etiology of breech presentation)]. AB - The authors related a case of complete absence of all extremities (amelia) in a newborn delivered by the breech. The cause of the breech presentation has been attributed to the shape of the fetus and to lack a fetal movements. The reflexes of the fetus are important for establishing a normal presentation. PMID- 1251665 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy carried to full term with a living infant]. AB - A section delivery was performed for transverse lie on a fourth para of 38 years at the beginning of labour on term. Thereby a full term extrauterine gravidity was found. According to the placental insertion in the ampullar part of the tube, on the ovary and upon the visceral peritoneum it can be classified as tubo abdominal pregnancy which probably had developed after rupture of a tubal pregnancy which initially was established in the ampullar part. Blood supply was accomplished mainly by the hypertrophied ovarian vessels of the right side. After removal of the amniotic sac and partial resection of the great omentum the uterus had to be amputated supracervically for excessive loss. The postoperative course was uneventful, mother and child were discharged healthy. PMID- 1251666 TI - [Results of rigid osteosynthesis treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia]. AB - The data for 301 patients (90% of the patients operated on), has been worked out. Those who had received rigid osteosynthesis treatment, were patients who had sustained fractures too critical to be treated with more conservative means. 64.8% of these fractures were of the complicative multifragment type. Of the indirect type, only the open fractures, and those that had become redislocated, were surgically repaired. It is believed that R. O. of open fractures is a routine part of primary surgical treatment. The patients' age ranged from 20-90 years; most of whom (55%) were involved in traffic accidents. All of the R. O. procedures were done urgently, in so much as no contraindications existed. 78% of the patients were operated on two hours following their admittance to the hospital. The material used during the R. O. procedure included platetted immediately following the R. O. procedure. Total anatomic reposition was accomplished with 95% of the cases. Repeat osteosynthesis due patients. 9.3% resulted in perifragmental purulence, whereas only 1.8% of the closed fractures resulted in the same. Sequestration had never occured when the bone was unexposed, however, this was found to occur in one out of every 4 patients in which the bone was exposed. Seven of the patients had expired, 4 due to fat embolism, 2 due to pulmonary embolism, and 1 due to a brain contusion; only one amputation was performed due to gas gangrene. Rehabilitation of the patients was carried out in the immediate postoperative course, and lasted a relatively short time. 90% of the patients had to change jobs due to poor rehabilitation. PMID- 1251667 TI - [Pelvic ectopia of the kidney in children]. AB - The authors presented the problem of pelvic ectopia of the kidney in children on their two patients. Pelvic ectopia of the kidney is a rare anomaly, while an ectopia of only one kidney is an extremely rare phenomemon. One of the two patients, which are the subject of this summary, was an 18 months old child who had one normal kidney and one ectopic kidney; a nephrectomy was performed. The second patient was an 11 years old child with pelvic ectopia of only one kidney, and a cysto-ureteric reflux. In this case, a reimplantation of the ureter into the vertex of the urinary bladder was performed. PMID- 1251668 TI - [Transthoracic truncal vagotomy as an operation necessary in peptic ulcer of the jejunum]. AB - Peptic ulcers require radical surgery in most cases, typically involving resection of the gaster and a vagotomy. However, as post partial gastrectomy recidive peptic ulcers are usually recistant to internal treatment, and since often patients so afflicted are in poor physical condition, the surgeon must choose the least radical procedure. Because of this, the authors feel that in cases of perforative and/or bleeding peptic ulcers of the jejunum, the transthoracic truncal vagotomy in the procedure which is least taxing for both the patient and surgeon. The operation is short, easy to perform and does not considerably alter the condition of the patient. To date, at the Surgical Clinic of the "Braca Dr. Sobol" Hospital (Rijeka), on about 2000 gastric resection, only 11 transthoracic truncal vagotomies, as exclusiv operations, were performed. Postoperatively, these patients were supervised several months to ten years or longer. In all cases the pain and bleeding subsided. For these reasons, the authors recommend this minimal but necessary operation. PMID- 1251669 TI - [Implantation of nuclear pacemaker]. AB - A case of a patient who received a QRS synchronous pacemaker following an AV block as a permanent therapeutic measure was presented. During reimplantatoon, a nuclear pacemaker, as opposed to the conventional type, was implanted. The nuclear pacemaker derived its energy from Prometium 147. The nuclear impulse generatory, and the principles of its function have been described in the introduction. PMID- 1251670 TI - [Luxatio pedis subtalo]. AB - A case of an open external subtalus dislocation was presented, this dislocation was successfully reduced at our institution 9 hours after injury. PMID- 1251671 TI - [Cysts of the choledochus. Report of a case]. AB - Cysts of the common bile duct, (also known as common bile coeles, or as common bile cysts) are quite rare. Those of the ampulla of Vater are a curious phenomena. Cysts of the extrahepatic part of the common bile duct can be quite large, excentrically located, and produce a triad of symptoms: pain, tumor and jaundice. These symptoms are intermittent, however, due to the periodic emptying of the cysts' contents into the duodenum. Cysts of the ampulla of Vater are those which occur in the intraduodenal part of the bile duct, and almost always found projecting into the lumen of the duodenum--imitating a tumor as it was in our case. Preoperative diagnosis of these cysts is extremely difficult, especially if the cyst is situated on the ampullar part of the common bile duct, and they are usually discovered during the operation. Possible compression of the ampulla of Vater, and the pancreatic duct can result in recidivating pancreatitis. The operative approach is dependent on the size of the cyst, and its location. The best is the complete removal of the cyst, and a correction of bile flow. PMID- 1251672 TI - [To treat or not to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemias with a mild course?]. AB - The study is based on a material of 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of mild course with survival over 4 years. The method used was a comparison of the patients treated from the time of diagnosis establishment with the group of similar patients not treated throughout the whole period of follow up and with another group of patients treated from the time of exacerbation of the proliferative process. The following data were taken into account: survival length, degree of splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, leucocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin level, infectious complications. It was demonstrated that cytostatic and/or hormonal treatment started at the time of diagnosis establishment did not prolong the survival. A statistically significant prolongation of survival time was observed, on the other hand, in cases treated from the time of exacerbation. Cytostatic agents increased the risk of infections and the risk of thrombocytopenia. PMID- 1251673 TI - [Surface immunoglobulins of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. AB - Using the fluorescence technique the presence of various immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM) was determined on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from healthy subjects (10 cases) and from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (65 cases). In the investigations the effect of treatment and clinical course on the values of these parameters was taken into consideration. Nearly in all cases of this leukaemia the percent of lymphocytes binding immunoglobulins on their surface was raised in comparison with the lymphocytes of healthy subjects. Presence of one or more classes of immunoglobulins was demonstrated on the surface of leukaemic lymphocytes. PMID- 1251674 TI - [Hematological studies of the populations of Lower Silesia living in different ecological conditions]. AB - Haematological investigations were carried out in different population groups in Lower Silesia. The total material investigated included 439 men and 229 women. The investigations demonstrated that the haemoglobin level, erythrocyte count haematocrit index were lower in the population of villages lying around copper processing plants. The mean reticulocyte count exceeded significantly that in the control group. The highest parameters of erythrocyte system were found in the group of men from a large city despite their occupational exposure to exhaust gases. The leucocyte count was 6-7000/mul in all groups with the exception of the urban group in which it was 1000-1500/mul lower than the mean values in the remaining groups. Lymphocytosis was observed most frequently in this group. The highest mean percent of granulocytes and the lowest incidence of lymphocytosis were observed in the control group from a rural population in a non industrialized area while rural groups around industrial centres showed intermediate values. In the female group from a locality exposed particularly to industrial pollution low platelet count was frequent. PMID- 1251675 TI - [Effect of cytostatic drugs on the metabolism of incubated human blood platelets]. AB - Degranol was chosen from the group of cytostatic drugs and Cytosar and Flucrouracil from the group of antimetabolites for investigations on the effects of cytostatics on the metabolism of thrombocytes. After isolation from blood collected on ACD fluid thromtocytes were suspended in own plasma containing EDTA and the cytostatic agent in a concentration of 6 x 10(-3)M and were subjected to incubation during 3 hours at 37 degrees C. After incubation the thrombocyte count, the levels of nucleotide compounds, and adenine nucleotides (ATP + ADP) released by thrombocytes under the action of thrombin, and the activity of dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate and lactic dehydrogenase were determined. The results of these determinations showed that only Degranol as a compounds belonging to the group of alkylating cytostatics caused lowering of ATP level (by about 30%) in the incubated cells. The drugs from the group of antimetabolites caused no significant changes in the studied parameters. PMID- 1251676 TI - [Leukemic form of lymphosarcoma (clinical study of 7 cases]. AB - Seven cases of leukaemic form of lymphosarcoma are presented. In all studied patients three characteristic signs were present: generalized lymphadenopathy, presence of lymphosarcoma cells in peripheral blood, spontaneous proliferation of white blood cells in short-term culture. Differential diagnostic difficulties with regard to chronic lymphatic leukaemia are stressed. It is thought that the sign of spontaneous proliferation may be used as a differential diagnostic criterion. PMID- 1251677 TI - Studies on the human evoked electrospinogram. II. The conduction velocity along the dorsal funiculus. AB - The propagation velocity of the ascending volleys along the dorsal funiculus of the human spinal cord was studied in 31 normal volunteers. Intrathecal recordings from lower cervical and lower thoracic intervertebral levels were made after the supramaximal stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves. When the electrode tip was behind the cord dorsum at the cervical level, it was easily possible to obtain very clear triphasic compound action potential on stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve of one leg or both legs. This "Tractus Potential" was found to originate mainly from the dorsal funiculus fibres, i.e. Fasciculus gracilis. The maximal conduction velocity of the ascending afferent volley from the leg was then calculated to be, on average, 37 meters/sec between lumbar and cervical spinal enlargements. Intrathecal stimulation and recording of the spinal cord gave the distinct triphasic wave with low threshold. This was also found to be related to dorsal funiculus activity. In these intraspinal stimulations and recordings, very early small and some late long-lasting deflections appeared, especially in the lateral position of the intrathecal electrode. PMID- 1251678 TI - Studies on the human evoked electrospinogram. I. The origin of the segmental evoked potentials. AB - Evoked potentials from the human spinal cord were studied in 39 normal volunteers. Intrathecal recordings from lower cervical and lower thoracic intervertebral levels were made after the supramaximal stimulation of the median, ulnar and posterior tibial nerves, respectively. It was shown that the segmental cord potentials varied in shape and size according to the spatial relationship between the position of the electrode tip and the spinal cord and roots within the vertebral canal. Three main types of segmental evoked responses were obtained. One of them was recorded behind the cord dorsum and around the midline, and was composed of fast, sharp early, and slow, late components. This was called a CD potential and its first component was related to the activity of the ascending dorsal funiculus fibres. The second evoked response was the DR potential, and this triphasic compound action potential of very high amplitude and longer duration had no remarkable late component. It was recorded when the tip of the intrathecal electrode was lateral to the midline within the vertebral canal, and was then related mostly to activity of the spinal roots. Another kind of potential was called PH potential. It had a very small triphasic spike and two later components with prominent negativities being higher than the first spike. This potential might be related to the electrode tip position facing, and close to, the posterior horn of the spinal gray matter. Late components of the segmental evoked potentials were related to the pre- and post synaptic activity of the horizontally oriented fibre within the segmental gray matter of the posterior horn. PMID- 1251679 TI - Circulating IgE, allergy and multiple sclerosis. Serum levels of IgE, other immunoglobulins and complement (C's) in patients with multiple sclerosis in exacerbation and other neurologic diseases. AB - Serum levels of IgE, other immunoglobulins and C'3 were measured in 36 MS patients, and the results compared with those of 40 age- and sex-matched patients hospitalized on Neurology Service. Diagnoses among controls included cerebral infarction, cervical spondylosis, nonmigrainous headache, seizure disorders and peripheral neuropathy. Six patients in the MS group and seven in the non-MS group had a past history of allergy to food, drugs, dust or other substances. IgE levels were measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Other immunoglobulins (G, M, D and A) and C'3 were quantitated by Mancini's method. Results indicate that the median IgE and C'3 levels of MS patients were slightly lower than those for non-MS subjects. Concentrations of other immunoglobulins were similar for the two groups. CSF samples from 12 MS and five non-MS patients were studied and none of these contained measureable (greater than 7.5 U/ml) IgE. In view of: 1) recent reports describing mast cells in MS plaques, 2) the suggested role of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases, and 3) because IgE exists in free and cell bound state, it is suggested that tissue surveys of MS plaques for IgE deposits similar to those seen in glomeruli in nephrotic syndromes may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of MS. PMID- 1251680 TI - The linoleic acid depression (LAD) test for multiple sclerosis using the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test. AB - With the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test of Field & Caspary, lymphocyte sensitization to thyroid antigen (F1-fraction) is demonstrable in all subjects--multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, those with other (destructive) neurological diseases (OND) and normals. The MEM-LAD test enables a further differentiation to be made in neurological patients compared ot normals: Linoleic acid inhibits the positive result by about 95 per cent in the case of MS, 58 per cent in normals and 45 per cent in OND. The high reduction appears to be a characteristic of MS. It is seen at all stages and in all forms of the disease and is not materially influenced by moderate immunosuppressive therapy. The mothers of MS patients show an intermediate result of about 78 per cent, suggesting a familial (genetic) background to the metabolic phenomenon described here; there is, however, evidence of an added exogenic factor for the development of the disease. The theoretical basis of the LAD test suggests further therapeutic trials of linoleic acid in treatment of MS. PMID- 1251681 TI - Malignancy grade and long-term survival in brain tumours of infancy and childhood. AB - 281 histologically verified brain tumours in children were revised and reclassified according to degree of histological malignancy. Survival graphs based on 100 per cent follow-up after 15-40 years show that, of those who survived for more than 1 month after diagnosis and possible operation, 40 per cent were still alive more than 15 years later. There was a clear correlation between survival and degree of malignancy. Sixty-five per cent of those with tumours of malignancy grade I and only 3 per cent of those with malignancy grade IV were alive after 15 years. PMID- 1251682 TI - The prognostic significance of subfebrility and fever in ischaemic cerebral infarction. AB - The prognostic influence of subfebrility and fever during the first week after an ischaemic cerebral stroke was analysed retrospectively in 110 patients with varying neurological disabilities. The results indicate that fever, and even subfebrility, carry a bad prognosis with respect to residual symptoms. It is concluded that fever and subfebrility, irrespective of their genesis, should be intensely combated during the early stages of an ischaemic stroke. PMID- 1251683 TI - Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils III. Behaviour of the blood brain barrier. AB - The behavior of the BBB in cerebral ischemia was studied in symptom-positive Mongolian gerbils subjected to left common carotid artery occlusion using Evans Blue dye as indicator of BBB injury. The BBB damage was demonstrable grossly by the presence of areas of blue discoloration, and microscopically by the presence of a bright red fluorescent tracer, localized mostly in the neurons. The survey of various groups of animals revealed a direct relationship between the incidence and time of appearance of the BBB lesions and the duration of the ischemic occlusion. This relationship can be interpreted as another example of the previously described "maturation" phenomenon. A relatively late occurrence of the BBB injury in cerebral ischemia, at the time when the affected brain tissue shows severe, edematous histopathologic changes indicates that the brain edema, as the main complication of ischemia, could be regarded as being primarily of the cytotoxic type. PMID- 1251684 TI - Localizations of beta-glucuronidase activity in sections and cultures of human gliomas. AB - The histochemical activity of beta-glucuronidase was studied in sections and cultures of human gliomas. The intensity of reaction paralleled the growth pattern of tumours, but not the degree of their differentiation. The highest activity was found in dysplastic gliomas. PMID- 1251685 TI - Changes of ventricular ependyma and choroid plexus in experimental hydrocephalus, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Hydrocephalus was induced in rats by the injection of silicone oil or kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna. One to 5 weeks later the walls of the lateral ventricles were studied with the scanning electron microscope after killing the animals by perfusion fixation. In contrast to controls, the hydrocephalic animals killed 1 or 2 weeks after injection showed degeneration of ependymal cilia and infestation of the ependymal and choroid plexus surface with reactive cells, which presumably may be identified as Kolmer phagocytic cells by their ultrastructural features as studied by the transmission electron microscope. A coating of debris on the surface of the choroid plexus in the hydrocephalic animals possibly bears upon the ciliary degeneration with consequent deficiency of the clearing effect of ciliary movement. In the longer surviving hydrocephalic animals regeneration of cilia seemed to have occurred. PMID- 1251687 TI - Serum lipids and fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in the non-pregnant state in patients with previous cholestasis of pregnancy. AB - Serum lipids and fatty acid composition of serum lecithin were studied 8-21 months after delivery in 20 non-pregnant women who during their latest pregnancy had presented signs of CP. These women were compared with normal non-pregnant women (n=18) and with patients with cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) (n=28). In the non-pregnant state women with previous cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) showed in serum lecithin a low relative content of palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids and a high portion of stearic acid (18:0). These findings indicate as a basic defect in CP, a reduction in liver lecithin synthesis via pathway I (Kennedy's pathway) in favour of an increased pathway II (Greenberg's pathway). These data further support the hypothesis of increased estrogen activity as an etiological factor in CP. The basic influence by pregnancy on serum lipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition was the same in women with CP as in women with a normal pregnancy. PMID- 1251686 TI - Capillaries in the subarachnoid space. AB - The fine structure of the small vessels of the subarachnoid spaces in the rat and mouse cerebral and cerebellar cortices was examined. Small vessels with lumen under 7 mu and whose walls consisted of a single layer of endothelial cells were found. These vessels are regarded as true capillaries. PMID- 1251688 TI - Decrease in the mortality rates for low-birth-weight infants after phenobarbitone treatment. AB - A daily dosage of 100 mg phenobarbitone administered orally to pregnant women for three days or more immediately before delivery has reduced the various mortality rates for low-birth-weight infants by 50% or more. Since it is hardly possible to treat all pregnant women in this way it is recommended to administer phenobarbitone to women with high-risk pregnancies such as former stillborn infant, former premature delivery, pregnancy complications, and planned induction of premature labour before the 37th week and until delivery takes place. If the mothers of low-birth-weight infants have not been adequately treated it is recommended that the newborn infant be given phenobarbitone injections immediately after birth and at 8-hour intervals, 10 injections in all. PMID- 1251689 TI - Blood flow in myomatous uteri as measured by intra-arterial 133Xenon. AB - Uterine blood flow has been studied using intra-arterial 133Xenon. Compartment analysis was used for calculation of blood flow from the wash-out curves. In 7 myomatous uteri the mean blood flow was 11.6 +/- 1.70 ml-min-1-100 g-1. In 8 control cases the mean blood flow was 20.1 +/- 2.27 ml-min-1-100 g-1. The difference is statistically significant on the 1% level. From the present study it cannot be decided how the uterine blood flow is distributed between myomata and surrounding myometrium. PMID- 1251691 TI - Disc-electrophoretic protein pattern of cervical mucus in cases of humoral sensitization against spermatozoa. AB - Midcycle cerevical mucus samples from 20 fertile women with negative, and from 6 infertile women with positive serum-sperm agglutinating activity were subjected to a qualitative protein analysis by the Ouchterlony-technique, to polyacrylamide (PAA) discelectrophoresis and after purification on spermatozoa they were also run against rabbit antihuman serum in the Laurell immuno-electrophoretic technique. By the Ouchterlony method the main serum protein fractions were shown to occur also in cervical mucus. No significant differences could be found in the protein pattern of samples from fertile and infertile females as detected by polyacrylamide (PAA) electrophoresis. In all samples a split protein fraction corresponding to serum albumin and a band preceding the protein fraction corresponding to serum preablumin were observed. In 2 samples from infertile females it could be demonstrated that immunoglobulins occurring in the cervical mucus were directed towards antigenic sperm components. PMID- 1251690 TI - A prospective study of drugs and pregnancy. I. Psychopharmaca. AB - A prospective study has been performed on the use of psychopharmaca during 6 376 pregnancies and its correlation to certain socio-medical variables and pregnancy outcome. An association between drug use and later miscarriage or legal abortion was demonstrated and is conceivably due to an increased use of such drugs in unwanted pregnancies. No indication of an association between drug use and birth of a dead or defective infant was found. Pregnancies where psychopharmaca were used during the first trimester had, on average, a longer duration than pregnancies where such drugs were not used, but birth weight of full-term infants was not affected. PMID- 1251692 TI - Leucine aminopeptidase activity in maternal, cord blood and placenta of normal pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. AB - 1) Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was determined in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta of mild and severe pre-eclamptic patients, then compared to the levels of normal pregnancy. 2) The enzyme activity increased significantly in severe pre-eclampsia as compared with the mild type and with normal pregnancy. 3) In mild pre-eclamptic patients LAP activity of maternal and cord blood did not increase significantly as compared with the normal cases but the placenta showed a slight decrease. 4) The enzyme level in cord blood did not increase markedly in pre-eclampsia. PMID- 1251693 TI - On radiation-decreased fibrinolytic activity of vessel walls. AB - Fibrinolytic activity was histochemically determined in biopsy specimens of the walls of human veins (vv. epigastricae superficiales) obtained from 15 patients after irradiation of the lower abdomen because of malignant genital diseases and compared with non-irradiated controls. The activity was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) after radiotherapy. PMID- 1251694 TI - Growth of the fetal skull, with special reference to weight-for-dates of the newborn child. AB - Two growth curves of the fetal biparietal diameter are presented. One is prospective, based on the last menstrual period, while the other is retrospective, calculated from the date of birth. The prospective curve shows a slight decline in average values following the week 42 of gestation. This is thought not to reflect a true shortening of the biparietal diameter in the single fetus, since serial measurements in single fetuses show growth up to the time of delivery. Individual growth curves, grouped according to the weight-for-dates of the newborn child, show a trend towards longer biparietal diameters in the larger fetuses. Serial measurements, preferably starting before week 30, appear to be a good help in predicting birth weight, but growth rates without regard to the actual measurement values were of little prognostic value in the present material. PMID- 1251695 TI - Urography and renography in the follow-up of patients with toxemia of late pregnancy. AB - We have studied 129 patients with toxemia of pregnancy two months post partum by urography and renography. The same investigations were performed on 17 healthy parturients post partum. 49 patients (38.8%) had an abnormality either in urography or renography. 20 patients (15.5%) had an abnormal urogram and 42 (32.6%) an abnormal renogram. The findings correlated so that 7 patients had an abnormal urogram with a normal renogram and 13 patients had an abnormality in both investigations. 29 patients had only an abnormal renogram. In the control series 3 patients had an abnormal urogram and the same patients also had an abnormal renogram. We divided the studied patients into groups according to the clinical severity of toxemia. Urographic and renographic findings were divided evenly in the series so that abnormalities were no more common in the severe cases. Renography cannot be considered merely as a screening method when compared with urography in the follow-up of toxemic patients, but these investigations are complementary. PMID- 1251696 TI - Trisomy-D in a cyclops with cardiovascular defects. AB - A case report of cyclops with trisomy-D in a female infant, associated with cardiovascular defects is presented. A survey of the literature pertaining to other reported cases of cyclopia is presented to establish the probablity of the existence of at least two distinct etiologic groups of cyclopia--those associated with trisomy-D and those associated with other chromosomal aberrations, single gene mutations, or non-genetic factors. PMID- 1251697 TI - Open rupture of the symphysis pubis during spontaneous delivery. PMID- 1251698 TI - Active pre-term management of severe osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Some of the advantages of using an intra-amniotic injection of urea combined with prostaglandins for mid trimester termination include an extremely high success rate, a mean time of approximately 10 hours and delivery of a dead fetus. The successful application of this method for the active pre-term management of patients in whom severe fetal abnormality, such as that reported here, suggests this technique of inducing abortion and labour deserves further consideration in those special circumstances where the obstetrician is anxious that the pregnancy should be interrupted despite the gestation length and where a live birth should not occur. PMID- 1251699 TI - Letter: Study of glucose-6-phosphate and isocitrate dehydrogenases, DNA, RNA and total nitrogen in the rabbit placenta during its hypertrophic response to ovariectomy. PMID- 1251700 TI - Eardrum displacement following stapedius muscle contraction. AB - Simultaneous monitoring in human subjects on the same ear of eardrum displacement by tympanomanometry, and impedance with the electroacoustic bridge, provided information concerning contraction of the stapedius muscle and its effect on eardrum displacement. Extensive control procedures were employed to elicit only the stapedius reflex; lower intensity auditory stimulation, electrocutaneous stimulation of the homolateral external ear canal, and anesthetization of nerves leading to the tensor tympani. Following these procedures the following results were obtained: (1) Extremely small biphasic and monophasic eardrum movements were seen in the stapedius--only ear to auditory and electrocutaneous stimulation; the form of the response was much less predictable to auditory stimulation. (2) At high sound intensities relatively large inward and biphasic movements of the eardrum occurred in the normal ear, unquestionably due to contraction of the tensor tympani. These results were further validated in a group of stapedectomized ears, without the stapedius but with normal tensor tympani. (3) Biphasic responses did not occur in the tensor tympani--only ear, only monophasic inward responses. (4) Upon air-jet stimulation to the orbit of the eye, these subjects had an accentuated tensor response in that large inward movements of the eardrum occurred as compared with those in normal ears, suggesting that there is an alteration of the tensor response by the presence of the stapedius muscle. Estimates of the actual eardrum displacement were calculated based on a model of the external ear canal and eardrum. PMID- 1251701 TI - Size and duration of inhibition in the medial geniculate body in unanesthetized cats. AB - A method which allows repeated micro-electrode recordings from subcortical structures without using any drugs is described. This method was adopted in combination with convential implantation techniques to study click-evoked potentials and inhibitory processes in the auditory system of the cat. The click evoked potentials in MG were hardly affected by moderate doses of barbiturate and only to a minor degree in the auditory cortex. In the unanaesthetized animal the most significant contribution to the click-evoked inhibition in the auditory system was due to mechanisms in the MG. The inhibition was diminished both in size and duration as compared with the situation in anaesthetized cats. The MG cells showed a tendency to cyclic inhibition in the unanaesthetized cat, but not so regularly as following administration of sodium pentobarbital. The action of barbiturates on the auditory system is discussed. PMID- 1251702 TI - Advanced Meniere's disease. A study of 356 severely disabled patients. AB - A selected material of 356 patients with Meniere's disease, all severely disabled by paroxysmal vertigo, was analysed. The question under study was to what extent and in what way the severe vertigo is reflected in the caloric reaction and in the level of hearing. The caloric response, expressed as differences in right/left sensitivity, was reduced in 59% and exaggerated in 1% of the patients; in the remaining 40% it was normal. The median values for pure tone audiogram, speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score were 56 dB,60 dB and 54%, respectively. The hearing deteriorated considerably in the early stage of the disease, but the hearing level stabilised with time. A parallelism between acoustic and vestibular dysfunction was demonstrated. Reduction of the pure tone threshold was accompanied by a progressive decrease in caloric response. The frequency of bilateral cases increased with lengthening duration of illness. All patients included in this investigation have since undergone operation. PMID- 1251703 TI - Ultrasound treatment of Meniere's disease. Long-term follow-up of 356 advanced cases. AB - Twelve years' experience of ultrasound treatment of 356 patients is presented. For evaluating the results a new multifacetted scoring system was developed, where each individual patient was evaluated on the basis of four parameters. According to this evaluation 71% of the patients improved after the operation, while 29% remained unchanged or deteriorated. Because of lack of improvement, 42 patients underwent reoperation by different methods; in half of them ultrasonic irradiation was again used. The hearing deteriorated in about 40% of the patients, to which result the long observation times also contributed. The caloric response became reduced in 70% of the patients. Marked depression of the caloric response characterized the patients who were relieved of vertigo. Transient facial paralysis in 4 patients was the only complication. PMID- 1251704 TI - Radiosialometry. 1. A method for evaluation of salivary gland disorders. AB - The temporal course of the total 99Tcm40 acumulation in the parotoid glad after fast intravenous injection of the readionucleotide, is studied by examination with quantitative radiosialometry. The method adopted is based on the use of two collimated, symmetrically located and opposite placed NaI-detectors. The normal ranges of five evaluation parameters are obtained from a control material of 100 parotoid glands in 50 individuals without disorders of the parotoid glands. The reproducibility of these five evaluation parameters is estimated and the sensitivity and the detectability of the parameters as well as different sources of variation are discussed. Classification boundaries between normal and abnormal valves values are arbitrarily chosen form the normal ranges. PMID- 1251705 TI - Radiosialometry. II. The diagnostic accuracy of different evaluation parameters. AB - The temporal course of 99TcmO4 accumulation in the parotid gland after fast intravenous injection of the radionuclide was measured quantitatively by radiosialometry in 32 patients suffering from inflammatory or neoplastic diseases of the parotid glands. The diagnostic accuracy of five different evaluation parameters was compared. It was found that without reducing diagnostic accuracy, the method used could be simplified by omitting three of the five evaluation parameters. This implies a shortening of the measuring time from 18 to 10 minutes. The diagnostic accuracy of radiosialometry in 14 cases with a general engagement of the parotid parenchyma (irradiation damage, collagen sialosis and chronic recurrent parotitis) was high. Thus, all these 14 cases had abnormal radiosialometric values. Parotid tumours not causing extensive destruction of the parotid parenchyma were not detected by this method. PMID- 1251706 TI - The use of quick-hardening polymers in the surgical treatment of congenital neck fistulae and cysts. PMID- 1251707 TI - A topographic quantitative analysis of the post-natal bone formation in the auditory ossicles of the dog. AB - The amount and distribution of the post-natal bone deposition in the auditory ossicles and in the left tibia of dogs of varying ages were studied by means of alizarin labelling. The relative amount of fluorescent new-formed bone was expressed as a percentage ratio NB/(NB+PB) of new bone (NB) on the pre-existing bone (PB). The result was that the post-natal bone deposition (1) was larger in the tibia than in the incus, malleus and stapes; (2) significantly decreased with age both in the ossicles and in the tibia; (3) in the stapes it stopped at 3 months, while it was present in the tibia, incus and malleus even at 12 months. In the ossicles the post-natal bone deposition takes place both on the periosteal surfaces of the ossicles and on the internal surfaces of the haversian systems. The first process produces an appositional growth that stops in all three ossicles within the 1st month of post-natal life, the second one produces an internal growth that continues until the age of three months in the stapes, while in the incus and malleus it occurs in small amounts, even in the 12th month of life. In the ossicles all the new-formed bone tissue, periosteal and osteonic, is built up by primary bone (addition bone). In the tibia from 50 days of age the primary bone is gradually replaced by secondary haversian systems as a consequence of remodelling processes. PMID- 1251708 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the chinchilla organ of Corti in normal and acoustically overstimulated animals. AB - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive nerve fibers and endings in the organ of Corti of normal and acoustically overstimulated chinchillas is described. The strongest activity was located in the inner spiral bundle, ane remained almost unchanged even after all the outer and the majority of the inner hair cells had degenerated as a result of intense exposure. In the chinchilla even the apical coil had three rows of AChE-positive nerve endings under the outer hair cells. PMID- 1251709 TI - Toxic effects of gentamicin on the basilar papilla in the lizard Calotes versicolor. A surface study. AB - Gentamicin in a dose of 100 mg and in some cases 150 mg per kg bodyweight and day was given intraperitoneally to healthy lizards, belonging to the species Calotes Versicolor. The animals were injected for 7, 14 and 21 days. After completed injections the animals were sacrificed and their hearing organ, the basilar papilla, was processed for scanning electron microscopy. Animals treated for 7 days did not show any significant surface damage in the basilar papilla. When gentamicin was administered for 14 days the normal appearance of the surface structure was lost. The ventral (apical) type A cells were relatively intact while the type B cell-population in the dorsal (basal) part of the organ showed sensory hair fusions and cytoplasmic herniations. Lizards treated for 21 days showed a severely damaged basilar papilla. The ventral (apical) type A cells still only were moderately damaged with some hair fusions and cytoplasmic herniations while the dorsal (basal) type B cells were more or less destroyed. Only occasional cells were left and some of these were severely damaged. The surface of the dorsal (basal) part of the organ instead was covered by supporting cells thus forming a sort of scar tissue. PMID- 1251710 TI - Aminotransferases in post-mortem cochlear fluids. AB - Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (ASAT, ALAT) activities were measured in human post-mortem sera, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), perilymph and endolymph. Due to heart and/or liver morbidity during a terminal illness, the ASAT and ALAT serum activities were considerably increased as compared with normal and both were 20--30 times higher (p less than 0.001) than in CSF or inner ear fluids. CSF and inner ear fluids showed mutually similar values. PMID- 1251711 TI - [Electrophoretic examination of protein distribution in guinea pig perilymph]. AB - Perilymph and serum of guinea pigs were investigated using immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the perilymph proteins were estimated by electrophoresis in a linear polyacrylamide gel gradient (3-20%). The immunoelectropherograms and the polyacrylamide gel electropherograms of equivalent amounts of perilymph protein and serum protein are nearly the same. The immunological detection of the perilymph proteins indicates that they are serum proteins. The clear identification of the individual proteins fails because of missing monospecific antisera against the individual proteins of guinea pig. High-molecular proteins (range of the molecular weight estimation 67 000-290 000) are also detectable in the perilymph according to the molecular weight estimation. PMID- 1251712 TI - Interaction between the saccules and the vertical semicircular canals. AB - For the experiments 39 cats were used. Selective sectioning of either the anterior or the posterior vertical ampullar nerves was performed bilaterally. Additionally in some cats the utricular nerves were cut, or the saccule extirpated on one or both sides. The otolith organs were stimulated by tilting around the bitemporal axis of the animals. Bilateral sectioning of the anterior ampullar nerve induced vertical nystagmus upwards, which disappeared, if the animals were tilted upside down. When the posterior ampullar nerves were cut bilaterally a vertical nystagmus downwards was obtained, and if the animals were tilted upside down there was a large increase in nystagmus frequency. After unilateral extirpation of the saccule, vertical nystagmus downwards was observed in 50 percent of these experiments. This nystagmus was modulated by tilting. However, if the saccules on both sides were extirpated, no nystagmus could be elicited. The cause of these results is discussed. PMID- 1251713 TI - Activity of single medial geniculate units in response to single and double clicks. AB - The discharge pattern to clicks and the time course and pattern of the click induced inhibition in the medial geniculate body have been studied by single unit recording technique. The medial geniculate neurones showed a tendency to fire at preferred latencies after a click. A conditioning click caused a reduced number and increased latency of the discharges to a subsequent test click. Provided conditioning click of a certain strength was employed, the inhibition was often cyclic, each period lasting for about 100-150 ms. Clicks could also trigger barbiturate spindles with synchrony between the activity of the medial geniculate body and the primary auditory cortex. Interaction experiments suggest that the triggered and spontaneous spindle activity operate with the same neurones. PMID- 1251714 TI - Metabolic observations in infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers. II. Plasma insulin, FFA, glycerol, beta-hydroxybutyrate during intravenous glucose tolerance test. PMID- 1251715 TI - The syndrome of renal tubular acidosis with nerve deafness. AB - Two brothers with renal tubular acidosis and nerve deafness are described. Studies of the physiopathological characteristics of the renal acidification defect show that the defect is limited to the distal tubule. Renal tubular acidosis with nerve deafness is a distinct nosologic entity that is determined by an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 1251716 TI - Administration of interferon to an infant with congenital rubella syndrome involving persistent viremia and cutaneous vasculitis. PMID- 1251717 TI - Premature adrenarche in indentical twins. AB - Monozygotic female twins with premature adrenarche are reported. Endocrine work up excluded the existence of an endocrinopathy or a tumor. PMID- 1251718 TI - Spontaneous cerebral thrombosis in children. Report of two cases. PMID- 1251719 TI - Transitory hyperbilirubinaemia: no relationship of red cell metabolism to serum bilirubin? PMID- 1251720 TI - D-glyceric-acidaemia and non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. Clinical and laboratory findings in a new syndrome. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings in a 2 1/2-year-old boy with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia are reported. Except for a somewhat impaired liver function there was a picture similar to the cases previously reported in the literature. The patient deviated from the classical description, however, in the excretion of large amounts of D-glyceric acid in the urine. The same compound was also repeatedly found in the serum. It is suggested that the large amounts of glycine found in various body fluids are secondary to a hitherto undescribed enzymatic defect in the degradation of D-glyceric acid. PMID- 1251721 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in children with homozygous beta-thalassemia. AB - Patients with hereditary hemolytic anaemias have been known to have immunoglobulin alterations related to an increased susceptibility to infection. In the present series, immunoglobulins, G, A and M have been estimated in 50 thalassemic children aged 10 months to 13 years. No significant difference was found in any of the immunoglobulins between patients and age-matched controls. No correlation could be shown between immunoglobulin levels and (a) the severity of anaemia, (b) the degree of hemosiderosis, and (c) the frequency of febrile infections per year. Against clinical impressions patients did not shown any increased susceptibility to infections. PMID- 1251722 TI - Myocardiopathy in Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - In a retrospective study of hospital and autopsy records of 19 male subjects with the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy the incidence of cardiac involvement of the heart almost invariably develop heart failure; an early sign may be persistent tachycardia and, possibly, electrocardiographic changes, in case of which institution of digitalis treatment should be considered. Cardiac and pulmonary complications were equally frequent causes of death (42%) but, death from cardiac complication occurred only patients with Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy very often develop cardiac complications, and when relating the available information on treatment to the autopsy findings it should be stressed that early and intensive therapy of the cardiac symptoms is of the greatest importance to the patient. PMID- 1251723 TI - Bronchial lability in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1251724 TI - Alport's syndrome. A report of three Swedish families. AB - Three families with hereditary nephritis of Alport's type have been studied with particular emphasis on the occurrence of symptoms and signs in different sexes and age groups. Part of the material was tested for impaired hearing or eye anomalies which may be the sole manifestation of Alport's yndrome. The youngest patients were 3-4 years of age, and the proportion of diseases individuals increased with age. In two of the families about half of the investigated males or females were affected whereas in the third family all but one of 16 investigated individuals were affected. In this last family the kidney disease was exceptionally severe, but no differences in the histopathology of the kidney lesions were seen between the families. In all the families renal symptoms progressed more rapidly in males than in females. Affected as well as unaffected sons and daughters were born to healthy as well as to diseased mothers. In contrast, healthy fathers produced only unaffected children. Diseased fathers produced only daughters, two-thirds of whom were affected. It is concluded that Alport's syndrome in these three families most probably is transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance with variations in expression and penetrance. PMID- 1251725 TI - The osteodystrophy of prolonged obstructive liver disease in childhood. AB - Mild rickets was present in 7, and 3 others with severe bone disease developed widespread skeletal demineralization and multiple fractures. The intake of vitamin D was apparently loosely related to the severity of the osteodystrophy. The latter however, was closely linked to both the serum inorganic phosphate and the calciumXphosphate product. The serum calcium was directly related to the infant's gestational maturity, hypocalcaemia being present in those born before 35 weeks. Pathogenetic factors have probably included reactive hyperparathyroidism and nutritional deprivation associated with preterm delivery. Five of the infants who had biliary atresia developed radiological evidence of osteoporosis from about twelve months of age. This may be related to protracted calcium malabsorption, but its true nature remains to be elucidated. PMID- 1251726 TI - The intestinal microvillus. Ultrastructural variability in coeliac disease and cow's milk intolerance. AB - In 8 patients with coeliac disease, 2 patients with cow's milk intolerance and 10 patients with other gastrointestinal disturbances, intestinal biopsies were examined in order to compare the extent of alteration of surface vs. crypt microvilli (MV). In those diseases associated with the ingestion of a noxious agent, namely coeliac disease and cow's milk intolerance, a marked and abrupt difference between the severely damaged surface epithelium and its MV, and the preserved crypt epithelium was noted. The results of the examinations give reason to suppose that these morphological variations are caused by the higher gliadin or milk protein concentration over the avillous surface epithelium as opposed to the lower one in the elongated crypts. PMID- 1251727 TI - Psychomotor development and school-adjustment of 7-year-old children with low birthweight. PMID- 1251728 TI - Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in hypophosphatemic rickets. AB - In 14 patients with simple X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, 5 were below the third percentile in height and 9 were between the third and twenty-fifth percentile. Although the mean serum inorganic phosphorus level was only 2.01 +/- 0.65 (normal range for all age groups is 3.8 to 6.0 mg/100 ml), both the mean values for red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were normal at 4.78 +/- 1.23 and 1.02 +/- 0.17 mumol/ml of red blood cells respectively. Moreover, the mean P50 value was normal at 26.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg. These normal oxygen transport data make unlikely any proposal that short stature seen in these patients is secondary to chronic tissue hypoxia. They also indicate that the intra-erythrocytic organic phosphate levels are maintained at normal levels despite profound chronic hypophosphatemia. PMID- 1251729 TI - Cytophotometric studies of the DNA, nucleic acid and protein content of liver cell nuclei from patients with virus hepatitis. AB - Cytophotometric studies of the DNA, nucleic acid and protein content of liver cell nuclei from patients with virus hepatitis. Acta path. microbiol. scand. Sect. A, 84: 1-8, 1976. With a view to investigating some of the causes why the size of liver cell nuclei increase in virus hepatitis, the nuclear size and the nuclear contents of DNA, nucleic acid and protein were measured by cytophotometry. The liver cell nuclei could be grouped in classes according to their contents of DNA, nucleic acid, and protein and, as in control livers, diploid nuclei were always most frequent. Nuclei with intermediate DNA values, probably S-phase nuclei, were more frequent in hepatitis livers than in controls. The average size of nuclei from patients with hepatitis was significantly larger than that from controls, whereas the DNA content was the same. A significant, positive correlation between nucleic acid content, protein content and nuclear area was found. The high correlation between nuclear protein content and nuclear size simultaneously with the increased nuclear size during hepatitis is assumed to reflect an increased nuclear function. PMID- 1251730 TI - Foetal rhabdomyoma. Case report of a patient with two tumours. AB - A case report of a girl with two foetal rhabdomyomas is presented. One tumour was a small cutaneous lesion present at birth in the left thigh and the other was located in the chest wall deeply in the subcutaneous tissue and attached to the adjacent intercostal muscle. The patient also had the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome which lends credence to the opinion that foetal rhabdomyoma is a malformation rather than a true neoplasm. PMID- 1251731 TI - Renin inactivation in vitro in non-pregnant rabbit uterine and kidney tissue. AB - In slices of non-pregnant rabbit uterus, renin was gradually inactivated during incubation in vitro at 37 degrees C, for 44 hours. The percentual rate of inactivation (40 per cent/44 hours) was, however, only about half of that found in uterine slices from pregnant and post-partum animals despite the fact that the endogenous renin concentration was much lower in the non-pregnant uteri. In control experiments with kidneys with the same high renin content as in the pregnant uteri only about 30 per cent of the renin was inactivated in 44 hours. PMID- 1251732 TI - The alveolar lining layer in experimental paraquat poisoning. AB - Rats were injected with paraquat, 35 mg/kg, and killed 8 or 12 hours later. Electron microscopic studies of the lungs revealed degenerative changes in alveolar epithelium and alveolar capillary endothelium after 8 hours. After 12 hours, the alveolar lining layer was contaminated with cellular debris from disintegrating alveolar epithelium. This contamination is probably responsible for the inactivation of lung surfactant that can be demonstrated in early stages of experimental paraquat poisoning. PMID- 1251733 TI - Congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Report on one case, with special reference to postmortem findings. AB - Generalized lipodystrophy (Berardinelli-Seip's syndrome) was diagnosied in a boy at the age of 8-1/2 months. Ten months later he died because of aspiration of food. Necropsy with special reference to the CNS revealed hypothalamic lesions, probably of a malformative or hamartomatous nature. The findings lend additional support to the view that hypothalamic dysfunction is responsible for the signs and symptoms of generalized lipodystrophy. PMID- 1251734 TI - Central pontine myelinolysis. A case report. AB - The first case of central pontine myelinolysis in Scandinavia is presented. A premortem diagnosis was established on the basis of the history of chronic alcoholism, the picture of severe electrolyte disturbance and the development of the neurological syndrome. The postmortem findings verified the clinical diagnosis. A possible aetiological mechanism is postulated. The cause is believed to be a damage to the energy dependent electrolyte transport across the cell membrane, resulting in a cytotoxic oedema and death of the oligodendroglial cells of the brainstem which are particularly vulnerable. PMID- 1251735 TI - Some characteristics of lymphoblastoid lines derived from human astrocytomata. AB - Two immunoglobulin-producing lines of normal lymphoblastoid cells have been established from cultures of two human astrycytomata. These had the same characteristics as lymphoblastoid lines derived from normal human lymphoid tissue or peripheral blood. It is concluded that the lymphoblastoid lines are derivates of non-neoplastic lymphoid cells (perhaps of the B series), which were present as an infiltrate within the astrocytomata. Furthermore, the slow emergence of the lymphoblastoid cells in culture, their continuing requirement for feeder cells and their production of monoclonal rather that heteroclonal immunoglobulin are attributed to an artefact of growth conditions. PMID- 1251736 TI - Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. 3. A micro-angiographical study of the effect of early mobilization and immobilization on capillary ingrowth. AB - Vascular ingrowth into the injured area of a partially crushed gastrocnemius muscle was studied by micro-angiography 2 to 14 days after the trauma in 40 rats treated by mobilization or immobilization. In mobilized muscles, the sprouting of new capillaries occurred more rapidly and intensively than in injured muscles treated by immobilization. The sequence of events was found to be slightly delayed if mobilization was started after immobilization for two days. The speed and intensity of tissue repair, as studied histologically, was directly correlated with vascular ingrowth, especially during the first week. PMID- 1251737 TI - Heterotransplantation of human malignant melanomas to the mouse mutant nude. AB - In 32 experiments involving transplantation of human malignant melanomas to the mouse mutant nude, tumourtake was observed in 14 instances. The tumour tissue which took and grew after inoculation was derived from malignant melanoma metastases of the skin (10 takes from 13 transplantations), and from primary malignant melanomas of the eye (4 takes from 6 transplantations). Not one of 13 attempts to transplant primary tumours of the skin was successful. In 7 instances serial transfers of transplanted tumour were successful, the degree of success ranging from 3 to 41 passages. Some passages were wilfully interrupted but two are continuing. The transplanted tumours grow locally. Neither lymph node metastases nor organ metastases have been observed. Histological appearances of the transplanted tumours, also after serial passages, were identical with those of the original human donor material. The human tumour/nude mouse system is contrasted and compared with other heterotransplantation models. PMID- 1251738 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica in borwn trout (Salmo trutta L.) from Norway. AB - In this pilot study, 20 brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from one area in Western Norway were investigated for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.). Three strains were isolated from three of these trout. All strains were classified as Y.e. on the basis of biochemical properties. One of the strains showed antigenic relationship to Y.e O-serotype 17. A second strain was antigenically related both to Y.e. and Y. pseudotuberculosis: Agglutination against Y.e. O-antisera 4-33, 18, and 21, was obtained and against Y. pseudotuberculosis O-antiserum II B. The third culture was not agglutinated by our sera. The biochemical properties of the strains are presented. The capability of fish to spread Y.e. is discussed. PMID- 1251739 TI - Studies on the central integration of excitatory chemoreceptor influences and inhibitory baroreceptor and cardiac receptor influences. AB - Experiments were performed on cats to explore the integrated cardiovascular responses when excitatory (chemoreceptor) and inhibitory (baroreceptor or cardiac receptor) influences are simultaneously presented to the medullary cardiovascular areas. At a given sinus pressure in the low or medium pressure range, the systemic blood pressure and the vascular resistance were higher when the chemoreceptors were stimulated, while a high, pulsating sinus pressure, i.e.a strong baroreceptor stimulation, could suppress completely even an intense chemoreceptor activation. Thus, the set point and the gain of the baroreflex were increased by a concomitant chemoreceptor activation. These effects are compatible with a simple, mutual 'summation' of excitatory and inhibitory influences on a common population of central vasomotor neurons. The reflex vasodilator effects elicited via vagal cardiac afferents were found to be more effectively suppressed by a concomitant chemoreceptor stimulation than were the baroreceptor effects, provided a primary chemoreceptor response (bradycardia) was at hand, while the heart rate responses were essentially uninfluenced by the prevailing chemoreceptor activity. This chemoreceptor suppression of the reflex vasodilatation from cardiac receptors, which may be of great importance in hypoxic situations, e.g. during a dive, suggests a more complex, neuronal interaction between the two reflex mechanisms in the CNS. PMID- 1251740 TI - Sympathetic control of cerebral blood flow in acute arterial hypertension. AB - The cervical sympathetic chain on one side was stimulated electrically at 10-20 Hz and an acute rise in arterial blood pressure was produced by: intravenous injection of angiotensin, ligation of the thoracic aorta, or ligation of the aorta combined with injection of metaraminol. The blood flow through the cerebrum and the cerebellum was determined by using labelled microspheres. At high blood pressures there was multifocal breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrum as indicated by leakage of Evans blue. The breakdown was restricted to the control side or much more marked on that side than on the stimulated side. Sympathetic stimulation prevented also breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. The blood flow through the cerebrum on the control side was higher than that on the stimulated side in all experiments. Regions with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier had flow rates which were about 10 times normal values. Cerebellar blood flow was less affected by the hypertension and did not react significantly to sympathetic stimulation. The results indicate that stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the brain tends to prevent forced dilatation of the arterioles with a resulting regional overperfusion with blood and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. It is concluded that one role of the sympathetic nerves supplying the brain is to extend the pressure region with autoregulation in its upper part under conditions of a general increase in sympathetic vasomotor activity. PMID- 1251741 TI - The effect of progesterone and of insulin administration on regional adipose tissue cellularity in the rat. AB - Female rats were given progesterone in a high and a low dose or insulin by injection. Both hormones caused hyperinsulinemia and an elevated body weight, explainable by increased fat tissue weight, which in turn was due to an increased fat cell size. There was a regional specificity of these effects for both procedures. It was therefore concluded that adipose tissue does not react as a homogenous tissue to different stimuli. Although not definitely conclusive because of difference in the degree of hyperinsulinemia the results also indicate that the effects of insulin are primarily exerted on the small fat cells of the subcutaneous region while progesterone increased the size of the larger parametrial fat cells. PMID- 1251742 TI - The effects of estrogens on regional adipose tissue cellularity in the rat. AB - The effects of high and low dose estrogen administration on adipose tissue cellularity and metabolism were investigated and compared with the effect of total starvation in female rats. Total starvation in female rats resulted in local fat cell size decrease which was, in different adipose tissue regions, directly proportional to the primary fat cell size. Thus, the largest fat cell size decrease was observed in the parametrial depot of adipose tissue, with primarily the smallest adipocytes. High doses of estrogen (Estradurin-120 mug/kg/month) resulted in a body and adipose tissue weight decrease after 10 weeks treatment. Contrary to the starvation effect the greatest fat cell size decrease was observed in the subcutaneous depot with primarily the smallest adipocytes. Lower estrogen dose (60 mug/kg/month) resulted, after 4 weeks treatment, in weight increase of adipose tissue. Fat cell size increased most in the parametrial depot-an adipose tissue region with primarily the biggest adipocytes. This is in contrast to the situation after insulin treatment and overfeeding which produce the largest size increase in the region with the smallest fat cells, and can be interpreted as evidence for regional specificity of the estrogen effect on fat cells. PMID- 1251743 TI - A comparison between the central effects of angiotensin II and its fragments, Des1-angiotensin II and Des1,2-angiotensin II. PMID- 1251744 TI - Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone after sexual stimulation in male rabbits. PMID- 1251745 TI - Quantitative aspects of the vagal control of gastrin release in cats. AB - Gastrin concentrations were measured in the gastric blood of eviscerated cats. Blood flow was recorded concomitantly thus enabling quantitative determination of the gastrin output. Electrical vagal stimulation within the "physiological" frequency range (0.5-3 Hz) did not regularly result in any detectable changes in the peripheral gastrin level but an increase in this level was always observed on stimulation with frequencies above 3 Hz. A constant gastrin release per stimulus was then obtained, as long as the total number of vagal stimuli did not exceed 2,000-3,000. A larger number of impulses resulted in rapid fatigue of the release mechanism, indicating either a rapid and sustained fatigue of the neural control mechanism or the existence of a rather small pool of gastrin for immediate release-amounting to less than one per cent of the total antral store of immunoreactive gastrin. The rate at which such a releasable pool was refilled would suffice to compensate for the depletion induced by vagal stimuli at physiological frequencies i.e. less then 3-4 Hz only. The two vagi innervate separate gastrin pools, which behave independently as far as release and refilling are concerned. PMID- 1251746 TI - Spread of the junction potential in the T-system in hagfish slow muscle fibres. AB - The membrane constants of the slow muscle fibres from the Atlantic hagfish were determined by analyzing the responses to sinusoidal currents at different frequencies. The apparent low frequency membrane resistance was 20-50 komega-cm2 and was not significantly altered by replacing external chloride with methyl sulphate. The low frequency capacitance was 2.1-2.4 muF/cm2 and decreased to about 1 muF/cm2 at 100 Hz. A model of the T-system consisting of a number unbranched T-tubules was fitted to the impedance locus. About 15 tubules per sarcomere with a length approximately 8 times the fibre radius gave good fit to the observed impedance locus. The electrical characteristics of the T-system allow an efficient electrotonic spread of the junction potential through the fibre cross-section. PMID- 1251747 TI - Motor unit responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the cat: intracellular current injection of abducens nucleus neurons. AB - Single motor units of the cat's lateral rectus muscle were activated with short intracellular current pulses delivered through an intracellular micropipette penetrating a single motoneuron, and the mechanical responses in the muscle were recorded. Lateral rectus unit responses fell within the same range as those obtained earlier with extracellular stimulation of inferior oblique units, confirming that in the latter case single and not multiple motor units had been studied. It was also found that both fast and slow contracting muscle units were connected to fast conducting, large size motoneurons. The organization of motor unit recruitment in eye movements would thus seem different from the recruitment pattern in limb muscles. Intracellular stimulation of abducens nucleus "interneurons" did not initiate contractions at the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. These "interneuron", therefore did not appear to have excitatory inputs to the abducens motoneurons, but may be involved in relaying information to the other extraocular muscle nuclei or to other brain centers. PMID- 1251748 TI - A method for determining blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat brain. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2) were measured in rats under nitrous oxide anaesthesia, using a 133Xenon modification of the Kety and Schmidt inert gas technique with sampling of cerebral venous blood from the retroglenoid vein. Extracerebral contamination of the venous blood sampled was studied by comparing the rates at which the activity of 133Xenon decreased in blood and tissues. Contamination was avoided by gentle compression of the contralateral retroglenoid vein during sampling. CBF and CMRo2 of the rat brain were 80+/-2 and 7.6+/-0.2 ml-(100g)-1-min-1, respectively. These values are about 25% lower than those previously obtained for cerebral cortical tissue under similar conditions. Induced hypercapnia (Paco2 about 70 mm Hg) or hypocapnia (Paco2 15-20 mm Hg) gave rise to expected changes in CBF but did not alter CMRo2. The CMRo2 of the rat brain is at least twice that of the human brain. This species difference, which is similar to that previously reported for the oxygen uptake of cerebral tissue in vitro, probably reflects on inverse relationship between brain weight and neuronal packing density. PMID- 1251749 TI - Mechano-elastic properties of human muscles at different temperatures. AB - The effect of changes in the muscle temperature on their ability to store elastic energy was studied by having 5 trained subjects perform maximal vertical jumps on a force platform, with and without counter movement, at muscle temperatures between about 32 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The results showed that the heights of vertical jumps were considerably reduced at lowered temperature, but the gain in height after a counter movement in the form of a jump down from a height of 0.4 m over the force platform, was significantly higher in the cold condition. T o test whether this was due to an increased stiffness of the muscles, experiments with imposed sinusoidal length variations at 14 Hz were performed. Delta force XDelta length-1 (i.e.stiffness) increased with isometric tension independent of muscle temperature. Experiments in which the rate of tension development and relaxation in voluntary maximal isometric contractions were measured at different muscle temperatures showed that maximal isometric tension changed by less than 1% per degree but the rate of tension development and relaxation by 3-5% and 5% per degree, respectively, in the temperature range studied (30 degrees to 40 degrees). These data may be explained by the hypothesis that the series elastic components of the active muscle are located in the cross-bridges between myosin and actin filaments. The storage of elastic energy would be enhanced if the rate of breaking of these bridges were decreased at lower temperatures. PMID- 1251750 TI - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) activity and catecholamine content in chromaffin tissue and sympathetic neurons in the cod, Gadus morhua. AB - The activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) has been measured in the chromaffin tissue of the head kidney and in the sympathetic neurons of the coeliac ganglion/splanchnic nerve in the cod. The content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in these tissues and in other adrenergically innervated tissues and blood plasma was also determined. Adrenaline dominates over noradrenaline in most sympathetically innervated tissues, in the chromaffin tissue and in blood plasma, but not in the muscularis mucosae of the swimbladder. High PNMT activity was found in the chromaffin tissue in the walls of the posterior cardinal veins, and also in sympathetic neurons. It is concluded that the adrenaline found in the sympathetic nerves may originate from intraneuronal adrenaline synthesis, but also from circulating adrenaline which is taken up and stored. PMID- 1251751 TI - Deposits in the lens and cornea of the eye during long-term chlorpromazine medication. AB - Thirty patients on long-term treatment with chlorpromazine in moderate doses showed deposits in the lens, and the majority of the patients also showed deposits in the cornea. These deposits did not increase in the 13 patients who continued on chlorpromazine during an observation period of 31/2 years. Thus, when chlorpromazine is used in moderate doses, the deposits in the eyes seem to increase only up to a certain extent. Twelve patients who were switched over to thioridazine showed no change in the deposition in the lens and cornea after the observation period, indicating that the deposits are irreversible. After the observation period visual acuity had deteriorated somewhat in the material as a whole, presumably because of advancing age, not because of the deposits. The risk of using chlorpromazine in moderate dosage is slight. PMID- 1251752 TI - A psychosomatic approach to the globus hystericus syndrome. AB - Twenty patients with lump in the throat as their main subjective symptom, were examined otorhinolaryngologically, radiographically, and psychiatrically with special attention to psychosomatic aspects. The control materials consisted of matched sample subjects of the total population, and of the total patient material treated at a general hospital. A considerably greater number of psychic disturbances were found in globus patients than in the matching control material. The personality picture of the patients was markedly obsessive possibly suggesting a psychosomatic syndrome rather than a pure hysterical conversion syndrome, at least in part of the patients. The globus patients could be divided into two groups, equal in size, according to the presence or absence of psychic disturbances. The group with manifest psychic disturbances had often experienced some significant life incident prior to the appearance of the globus syndrome; they also displayed few somatic findings, which, on the other hand, were abundant in psychically healthy patients. PMID- 1251753 TI - Social reintegration of sexual delinquents by a combination of psychotherapy and anti-androgen treatment. AB - The high frequency of recidivism with convicted sexual perverts is mainly due to the compulsive character of perversion. The classical methods of treatment are seldom satisfactory: Surgery provokes ethical objections, psychopharmaca and oestrogens lead to disagreeable side effects, psychotherapy of any kind is unlikely to be efficacious because of the unfavourable atmosphere the nature of perversion causes it to take place in. However, the climate of both psychoanalytical treatment and suggestive and directive psychotherapy can be enhanced by a combination with an anti-androgen treatment, which eliminates the patient's fear of conviction by inhibiting his sexual urge. Two cases illustrate this combined method. On the basis of a positive disposition, which arises from the improved climate, sublimation of the sex drive and the achievement of a feeling of social responsibility is aimed at. The advantages of the combined therapy are then discussed in comparison with the existing treatments. It is concluded that this combined treatment, next to social guidance and an attempt at solving the fundamental problem of loneliness, can promote the social reintegration of the convicted sexual pervert. PMID- 1251754 TI - Psychiatric treatment in a delimited population-with particular reference to outpatients. A demographic study. AB - The present investigation analyses the psychiatric service available to and utilized by a population in a geogrphically delimited area, namely the Randers area with a population of 108.928. During the period 1970-74, the average yearly rate of patients admitted to the three psychiatric institutions covering this area was per 1,000: 7.9 males and 9.1 females. During 1970-71, 1.2 males and 1.8 females per 1,000 were treated as outpatients in a psychiatric clinic affiliated to a psychiatric hospital, and a psychiatric outpatient clinic in a general hospital discharged 4.1 males and 7.7 females per 1,000. It seems probable that despite outpatient treatment the number of admissions increases slightly rather than decreases, and consequently, outpatient treatment cannot replace psychiatric admission. PMID- 1251755 TI - Male transsexuals: a long-term follow-up after sex reassignment operations. AB - Since 1953 the Danish law permitting castration has been applied to transsexuals. Case histories are here reported on ten cases, operated up to 19 years before the follow-up. Six of these presented typical syndromes. In some of the early cases the reluctance on the part of therapists to adopt an active therapy has been too great. Two subjects had died before the follow-up investigation, but both had formerly reported satisfaction with the treatment to their therapists. One case- happily married - had emigrated with the husband. At the interviews the three others confirmed happiness and satisfaction with their female way of life. They are living in resonably good social circumstances. Three cases were not typical. A promiscuous massive sexual activity exhibited by these patients had made it very difficult to endorse a surgical solution to their strongly presented with to obtain sex reassignment. At the follow-up all three were very satisfied with their female role. After several years in their new sex role, two of these were still promiscucos. The last case presents unusually complicated sex role problems. He continues to live as a male, but he still insists 19 years after castration, that the operation saved his life. In spite of his handicap, he claims to be satisfied that he obtained the permit. None of the operated cases committed suicide, but one case - not operated but living as a female - developed a paranoid reaction resulting in suicide. PMID- 1251756 TI - Determination of monoamine and monoamine metabolites in the human brain: post mortem studies in a group of suicides and in a control group. AB - Different nuclei and regions of the brain from patients who had committed suicide and from controls were analysed for their content of monoamine and monoamine metabolites. There was a post mortem breakdown of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) which could be correlated to the time elapsed between the occurrence of death and autopsy. Homovanillic acid (HVA) and the monoamines did not decrease post mortem during the time observed (6-148 hours). There was no significant correlation between age and chemical variables in this investigation. There were no significant group differences between suicides and controls concerning dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and HVA, 5-HIAA levels were significantly lower in the suicide group in six out of eight parts of the brain investigated. It was, however, also demonstrated that there was a longer time elapse between the occurrence of death and autopsy in the suicide group. The suicides came on average 48 hours later to autopsy than the controls. As there was a post mortem decrease of 5-HIAA, this time variable had to be kept constant when group differences were analysed. When the influence of this time variable was eliminated there were no longer any differences between suicides and controls. According to this investigation, there seem to be no differences in levels of monoamines and their metabolites between suicides and controls. PMID- 1251757 TI - Lithium maintenance treatment of manic-melancholic patients: its role in the daily routine. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desired and undesired effects of relapse-preventive lithium treatment given routinely to manic-melancholic patients who had accepted the necessity of a strict tablet regime. The evaluation was based upon case record data and various rating scales, and 76 patients took part in the investigation. Our results showed that in 24% of the patients treatment was discontinued. This was due to side effects in 16% and to insufficient effect in 8% of the cases. The suicide risk was not eliminated, and 29% of the patients were receiving additional antidepressive or antimanic treatment at the test day. On the other hand, 78% of the patients rated the relapse-preventive lithium effect as moderate to excellent. Indirect evidence was obtained in support of a stabilizing effect of lithium on the emotional control in bipolar patients. The most frequent complaints during lithium treatment were tremor and increased thirst. PMID- 1251758 TI - Hysterical neurosis, conversion type: clinical and epidemiological considerations. AB - This paper considers data on hysterical neurosis, conversion type from the Monroe County (New York) Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register, from the Psychiatric Case Register in Iceland, and from a psychiatric consultation service in a university teaching general hospital in Monroe County (New York) during the period 1960 to 1969. The rate of hysterical neurosis, conversion type in Monroe County during this period was 22 per 100,000 per year, whereas in Iceland it was 11 per 100,000 per year. It was highest for women, non-whites and those of low social economic status. The rate of hysterical neurosis, conversion type and "probable" hysterical neurosis, conversion type combined among patients seen in psychiatric consultation was 4.5%. The most often noted diagnostic criteria were inconsistency with somatic process and precipitation of symptoms by psychological stress. Most patients had more than one conversion symptom at the same time. Pain was the most common symptom. The majority of patients had an accompanying organic or functional illness. PMID- 1251759 TI - Lithium treatment and weight gain. AB - The problem of lithium maintenance treatment and weight gain was examined in 70 manic-melancholic patients who had been in treatment for 2 to 10 years. Their case records were reviewed and they answered a questionnaire. Out of 70 patients, 45 increased in weight with a mean weight gain of about 10 kg. The patients who increased in weight during the treatment were overweight already before the start and reached a weight about 20% higher than their ideal weight. They nearly all found themselves overweight and took measures to slim. No connection between a history of infant obesity and weight gain was found. Increase in appetite was only found in one third of the patients and had only a weak influence on the degree of weight gain. Nearly all the patients felt an increased thirst, and a very clear correlation between liquid intake and weight gain was found. It is recommended that all patients are repeatedly warned of the risks involved in satisfying their increased thirst on lithium by fluids rich in calories. PMID- 1251760 TI - The effect of sleep deprivation on depressed patients. AB - In this paper an account is given of the effect of single-night sleep deprivation (SD) therapy in 124 depressive patients of different diagnostic groups. Phasic depressives showed a marked improvement after treatment by sleep deprivation. Because these improvements were often of short duration, we repeated the treatments and combined them with thymoleptic drugs. In the group of neurotic depressives the therapeutic effect of sleep deprivation varied; on the whole, however, the improvement was less marked. It is pointed out that the vital symptoms and "critical time" are of importance. Sleep deprivation can be explained as a resynchronization of disturbed circadian rhythms brought about by interrupting these rhythms. PMID- 1251761 TI - Community care and the prognosis of schizophrenia. AB - A group of 41 schizophrenic patients were followed up for a period of up to 8 1/2 years after their first admission to a general hospital psychiatric unit. During the follow-up period one third of the patients were not readmitted, and the remainder had between one and eight readmissions. Half of the patients spent less than 5 % of the follow-up period in hospital. Twenty-one patients remained in fairly close contact with at least one of the community services. A greater degree of clinical disturbance characterized high users, as compared with low users, of these services. At the end of the follow-up two patients were in hospital, half of the original cohort was considered clinically recovered and four-fifths socially recovered. The contribution of the general hospital and of the community services to the improved prognosis for schizophrenia is disucssed. PMID- 1251762 TI - How to use cytodiagnostic spleen puncture. PMID- 1251763 TI - Iron absorption in patients with chronic uremia undergoing regular hemodialysis. AB - Gastrointestinal iron absorption has been measured by whole body counting in 17 patients with chronic uremia undergoin regular hemodialysis. Absorption was expressed as whole body retention 14 days after oral administration of 10 muCi 59Fe together with a carrier dose of 10 mg Fe2+. The percentage incorporation in the total erythrocyte mass of administered 59Fe (erythrocyte incorporation) and absorbed 59Fe (red cell utilization) was estimated as well. Geometric mean iron absorption was 14.3 +/- 2.0 (S.D.)% and significantly higher than the value obtained in a normal control group (p less than 0.03). Geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation was 11.6 +/- 2.3 (S.D.)% and arithmetic mean red cell utilization was 84.4 +/- 6.0 (S.E.M.)%. Neither of these parameters differed from corresponding values in the control group (p greater than 0.1 and p greater than 0.2, respectively). The correlation between iron absorption and erythrocyte incorporation was highly significant (r=0.94, p less than 0.001). Patients on regular hemodialysis are subjected to considerable iron loss which should be treated by iron supplementation; oral iron administration is recommended in view of the adequate gastrointestinal absorption. PMID- 1251764 TI - The effect of indomethacin on proteinuria and kidney function in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - In 19 nephrotic patients on a dietary intake of 20 mEq sodium/24 hours, indomethacin caused an immediate decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary protein excretion, an effect completely reversible upon withdrawal of the drug. As a consequence of lower protein excretion, there was eventually a rise in GFR. It is proposed that the therapeutic effect of indomethacin in nephrotic syndrome is caused by its inhibiting action on renal prostaglandin synthesis, thereby potentiating the effect of the renin-angiotensin system on the kidney. The difference between the decrease in GFR (mean 35%) and proteinuria (mean 55%) and the more selective proteinuria during indomethacin administration may be explained by quantitative and qualitative differences in protein leakage between outer cortical and inner cortical nephron populations. PMID- 1251765 TI - Importance of season and clearance correction in the definition of hypercalciuria. Preliminary report. PMID- 1251766 TI - The long-term prognosis for patients with sinoatrial block treated with permanent pacemaker. AB - Fifty patients with SA block have been treated with permanent pacing and followed up for 1-14 years. Survival after one, two, five and eight years was calculated to 94, 85, 64 and 48%, respectively. These figures indicate an excess yearly mortality in the first five years of 4-5% compared with a population of the same age and sex. Analysis of the survival curves shows that the excess mortality is caused by coexisting diseases, primarily coronary heart disease with previous myocardial infarction and valvular heart disease. PMID- 1251767 TI - Studies on cerebrovascular strokes. II. Clinical findings and short-term prognosis in a stroke material. AB - This paper reports the second part of an investigation of first-time cerebrovascular strokes in people under 70 years of age. The clinical data of 344 patients, together with the short-term outcome of the disease, are presented. The immediate (one month) overall mortality was 38%. The corresponding percentage for cerebral haemorrhage was 86, for cerebral infarction 20 and for cerebral embolism 28. Of the surviving patients, 111 had to be transferred to some form of institution at discharge after the acute phase; 103 were able to return to their homes. The influence of various factors upon the immediate prognosis is discussed. Of the clinical findings, the level of consciousness and a calculated score based on the neurological symptoms on admission, proved to have the highest predictive value. Using this score it was possible to predict the outcome in about 85%. Single factors very highly associated with a poor prognosis were the co-existence of cardiac disease and renal insufficiency. There was a notably high prevalence of hypercalcaemia. PMID- 1251768 TI - Fine-needle biopsy of the liver complicated with bile peritonitis. AB - Fine-needle biopsy has been performed on a healthy subject without any signs of liver disease, especially none of cholestasis. During aspiration, bile appeared in the syringe, and laparotomy was necessary 24 hours later. About 1.5 l bile was found in the abdominal cavity; no lesions of the biliary system could be seen. Treated with drainage, the further course was uncomplicated. PMID- 1251769 TI - Premature ventricular beats with narrow QRS complexes. PMID- 1251770 TI - Renal function in normo- and hypertensive 50-year-old males. AB - Renal function, measure as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium excretion and osmolality after thirst, has been determined in untreated (n=35) and treated (n=22) hypertensives and in a reference group (n=80), all derived from a random population sample of 50-year-old men. Renal function was related to casual and resting BP and to relative body weight. Hypertension was defined as SBP greater than 175 or DBP greater than 115 mmHg on two separate occasions or current antihypertensive treatment. Mean GFR was 100 +/- 11.7 ml/min in the reference group and significantly lower, 94 +/- 15.7 ml/min, in the hypertension group. In the hypertension group, 20% had a reduced GFR, although the standard diagnostic procedure, serum creatinine, demonstrated only 4%. Hypertensives with reduced GFR were characterized by higher BP, lower urinary sodium excretion, reversed diurnal rhythm of salt and water excretion and a higher relative body weight, which was, however, explained by the correlation of BP to relative body weight. GFR was negatively correlated to DBP at rest and positively correlated to urinary sodium excretion. Untreated hypertensives with persistent high BP after rest and lower GFR, lower urinary sodium excretion and reversed diurnal rhythm of salt and water excretion, indicating high renal resistance. The results suggest that subjects with relatively severe hypertension as judged by BP and renal function have an increased renal vascular resistance. PMID- 1251771 TI - Systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) have been measured in 50 individuals without heart disease. Electromechanical systole (QS2), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and preejection period (PEP), but not PEP/LVET, were correlated to heart rate (HR). Regression equations were made and used when correcting STI for HR in two groups of patients: a) 51 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) b) 22 patients with chest pains, but no AMI. STI was measured on the first 4 days, on the 7th day, on the day of discharge and at a control about 60 days later. In the AMI group there was a reduction in left ventricular performance from the 1st to the 4th day, and the difference in shortening of LVET was significant (p less than 0.001), while PEP and PEP/LVET increased from the 1st to the 3rd day (p less than 0.001). Between the AMI and the control groups there were significant differences (p less than 0.001) in LVET and PEP/LVET on the 3rd, 4th and 7th day, and in PEP on the 3rd and 4th day. STI was not found to separate clinical groups with heart failure of different severity. The survivors had a lower (p less than 0.05) PEP/LVET on the 1st day than those who died. The various localization of the infarction made no difference in STI. LVET was found to be strongly correlated (p less than 0.001) to the hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase values. PMID- 1251772 TI - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of disopyramide in patients with ventricular arrhythmia. AB - Antiarrhythmic and hemodynamic effects of i.v. disopyramide phosphate (1.7 mg/kg b.wt. over 2 min) have been studied in nine patients, several in various degrees of cardiac decompensation, with sinus rhythm and persistent ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs). In one case with primary cardiomyopathy, with greater than 30 VEBs/min, disopyramide (DE) abolished the arrhythmia for 30 min, but precipitated brief dysponea. Other side-effects were tolerable and mainly attributable to anticholinergic effects of the drug. DE either abolished or significantly reduced the arrhythmia in all cases. For 30 min, only one patient showed VEBs, and in three patients no VEBs were seen for three hours. Changes in cardiac output and pulmonary artery (PAP) and central aortic pressures were measured in eight patients. Negative inotropic effects were indicated in seven by an increased diastolic PAP/stroke volume ratio and in seven by a decreased central aortic (dp/dt)max. Patients with high control values for diastolic PAP showed marked reductions in cardiac output, stroke volume and stroke work. In predicting myocardial depressant effects of DE, the control values for diastolic PAP seemed to be superior to central venous pressure, cardiac index and systolic time intervals. Mean arterial pressure measured 5 and 10 min after drug administration showed no significant change, indicating that vasoconstrictor reflexes were well preserved, and a pressure level significantly above the control value was reached from the 20th min. It is concluded that DE is potent in suppressing VEBs but exerts negative inotropic effects that may be of clinical importance. The optimal antiarrhythmic dose is probably lower than that used in the present study. PMID- 1251773 TI - Malplacement of endocardial pacemaker electrodes in the middle cardiac vein. AB - Endocardial transvenous pacemaker electrodes have been implanted in 246 patients owing to symptomatic bradycardia. The electrode was malplaced in the middle cardiac vein in 12 patients. All the patients were on stable ventricular pacing at the time of implantation. The electrodes were still in function in six patients after 5-96 months (average 55). The electrode was replaced in three patients owing to the occurrence of exit block. Three patients died during the period under study. Right-sided bundle branch block (RBBB) configuration of paced QRS complexes was observed on the ECG when the electrode was malplaced in the middle cardiac vein. As RBBB only occurs with malplacement, the ECG can be employed to ensure correct positioning of the electrode. PMID- 1251774 TI - Enzymes and long-term survival after first myocardial infarction. AB - The study covers 342 patients still alive one month after the acute attack of their first myocardial infarction. Daily determinations of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) in serum were carried out during hospitalization, so that a maximum enzyme value could be obtained for each enzyme and patient. A follow-up examination was performed after an observation time ranging from 12 to 38 months. Having calculated the mean (x) of the maximum enzyme values, a parallel relationship was found between the maximum CPK, LDH and SGOT values and the long term prognosis in myocardial infarction, inasmuch as patients with maximum enzyme values above or equal to the mean had a significantly higher 2-year mortality than patients with values below x. In order to detect any slight difference between the three enzymes with reference to the long-term prognosis, the material was divided into four groups: one with peak values less than x-x/2 (lowest), one with values from x-x/2 to x exclusive (next lowest), one with values from x to x+x/2 exclusive (next highest) and a group with peak elevations greater than or equal to x+x/2 (highest). A tendency to increasing mortality from the next lowest to the highest maximum enzyme values was found. On the other hand, patients with the lowest peak values had a tendency to higher mortality than patients in the next lowest group. This characteristic was observed with regard to both CPK and LDH and to some extent to SGOT. PMID- 1251775 TI - Is streptokinase useful in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis? AB - Because of its fibrinolytic action, streptokinase is believed to reduce the severity of the postthrombotic syndrome in patients with deep vein thrombosis. A prospective and a retrospective study have been undertaken in an attempt to determine when this therapy is useful for patients with deep vein thrombosis. The prospective study included 15 patients with deep vein thrombosis: 5 were treated in the hospital with streptokinase and heparin and 5 only with heparin, 5 were treated at home with only phenprocoumon. All the patients received oral anticoagulant therapy for at least 6 months. Three to four months after the acute episode, phlebography and venous pressure measurements were carried out. Streptokinase appeared to give the best results but with more side-effects. In the retrospective study, 51 patients who had had deep vein thrombosis in 1969 were reexamined 31-47 months later. It was found that more than 50% of the patients with a thrombosis in the femoral and/or iliac vein developed a severe postthrombotic syndrome, in contrast to only 9% of those with a thrombosis in the popliteal vein or lower. It is recommended, on the basis of both the prospective and the retrospective study, that patients with a thrombosis in the femoral and/or iliac vein should be treated with either heparin or streptokinase during the early stage. It is probable that streptokinase will significantly decrease the frequency and severity of the postthrombotic syndrome in these patients in particular, although this has not yet been proven. PMID- 1251776 TI - Streptokinase treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. Clinical, phlebographic and plethysmographic evaluation of early and late results. AB - The investigation comprises 19 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis of the leg treated with streptokinase. The acute clinical symptoms rapidly subsided in 15 patients. Phlebography, performed immediately after treatment, revealed complete thrombus regression in 7 cases, restoration of venous flow but remnants of thrombi in 4 and no effect in 7. One woman was not evaluated radiologically due to pregnancy. The phlebographic restoration seemed to be correlated to the duration of the thrombotic symptoms. Follow-up examinations 6-50 months after the thrombotic incident demonstrated normal phlebograms in 8 patients, all of whom were also free from post-thrombotic symptoms. Venous occlusion plethysmography confirmed that these patients had a normal venous outflow capacity and valvular function in the relevant limbs. By contrast, the remaining 11 patients, with more or less extensive remnants of thrombi at the follow-up phlebography, were found to have plethysmographic signs of venous obstruction and sometimes also valvular insufficiency. The results indicate that thrombolytic treatment is able to give a complete and lasting anatomical and functional restitution of the deep veins after an acute thrombosis in the leg, provided that treatment is induced early enough. PMID- 1251777 TI - Thromboembolic complications, heparin treatment in increase in coagulation factors in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Seven of 19 consecutive patients with Cushing's syndrome demonstrated thromboembolic manifestations before or after adrenal ectomy. These were successfully treated with heparin. The mean values of coagulation factors VIII (AHF) and V as well as prothrombin were increased. There was a positive correlation between the increase in factor VIII content and the severity of disease. The possibility that these changes in blood coagulation activity reflect an increased coagulability state in Cushing's syndrome is discussed. PMID- 1251778 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibitory activity of concanavalin-A-stimulated human lymphocytes. Modification by dipyridamole, lysine-acetylsalicylate and heparin. AB - The in vitro effects of heparin, dipyridamole (DIPY) and lysine-acetylsalicylate (LASA) on human peripheral blood leucocyte migration and upon production/release and effect of leucocyte migration inhibitory activity (LMIA) from lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin-A (con-A) have been studied. The final concentration of each drug was of the same order of magnitude as during clinical treatment. The leucocyte migration under agarose was significantly increased by DIPY at a concentration of 100 mug/ml. The release/production of LMIA was inhibited by DIPY at 1 mug/ml and by LASA at 0.3 mug/ml. Heparin had no influence on LMIA release, even at 10 IU/ml. The LMIA of supernatants from con-A-stimulated lymphocyte cultures was inhibited by DIPY at a concentration of 10 mug/ml, by LASA at 3 mug/ml and by heparin at 10 IU/ml. The findings suggest that DIPY and LASA could have a dual role as modifiers of inflammation: 1) the well known role as antiaggregants tending to limit and impede thrombosis, and 2) as antagonists to the lymphocyte-mediated (type IV) immune reaction through a depressive action on lymphokine production/release and activity. PMID- 1251779 TI - Poetic creativity in deaf children. PMID- 1251780 TI - Computer animated and textured presentation of language for the deaf. PMID- 1251782 TI - Static and dynamic balance skills of eight year old deaf and hearing children. PMID- 1251781 TI - Imagination content in dreams of deaf children. PMID- 1251783 TI - The influence of a physical education program on the basic motor fitness of emotionally disturbed children. PMID- 1251784 TI - Post-op therapy for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. PMID- 1251785 TI - Isometric grip-flexion fatigue in females under conditions of normal and occluded circulation. PMID- 1251786 TI - Oral contraceptives. AB - Variations in the side chains attached to the gonadal hormones can produce marked changes in the potency of these compounds and can even change their predominant actions. Modification of testosterone renders it less androgenic and greatly enhances its progestational effect. The antifertility action of oral contraceptives may be exerted through any of several mechanisms: supression of follicular development, suppression of ovum expulsion or changes in endometrium or cervical mucus. PMID- 1251787 TI - Management of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1251788 TI - Acetaminophen: Safe aspirin substitute? PMID- 1251789 TI - Letter: Organophosphates. PMID- 1251790 TI - Letter: Vaccination records. PMID- 1251791 TI - The physician and the social worker. AB - The professional skills of a competent social worker can be utilized by the physician to decrease the pressure created by those patients whom he would like to help if he had the time. Physicians are aware of "social problems" but few have had experience in this collaborative work. Illness-aggravating forces require the breadth of assistance that can be provided by the social worker. By this means the totality of the physician's function is increased. PMID- 1251792 TI - The oral antidiabetic agents. AB - Oral antidiabetic agents can be used to lower blood glucose levels in some adult onset diabetics who do not have acute complications and in whom control of hyperglycemia by weight reduction alone or insulin treatment is not possible. Except for their investigational use, these agents have no place in the treatment of chemical or latent diabetes, or subclinical or suspected diabetes, and they are contraindicated in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Findings from the University Group Diabetes Progcted and judicious use of these drugs. PMID- 1251793 TI - Business and rehab: new partners. PMID- 1251795 TI - Letter: Death related to argon gas exposure. PMID- 1251794 TI - Century of decision in mental retardation. PMID- 1251796 TI - Letter: Oxidation of methyl n-amyl ketone to 2,5-heptandione. PMID- 1251797 TI - Uncertainty in particle counting and sizing procedures. AB - A method is described for calculating confidence intervals for particle or fiber concentration, and for dust collector penetration. The span of the interval depends upon the value of fiber concentration or collector penetration reported and upon the number of particles or fibres counted. PMID- 1251798 TI - Control of particulate emissions from stationary fuel burning sources in the core area of the Metropolitan Boston air quality control region. AB - Strategies to control emissions were investigated to develop a plan to meet secondary ambient particulate standards in Metropolitan Boston. Each strategy was evaluated for emission reduction potential, cost, and feasibility. The strategy selected by the State, a periodic inspection and maintenance plan for combustion sources, meets the goal of clean air at minimum cost. PMID- 1251799 TI - The porosity of amosite and chrysotile asbestos. AB - A computer program has been set up in Fortran language to calculate pore size distribution using the Cranston-Inkley method of calculation. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were determined on amosite and chrysotile asbestos at - 195 degrees C. Size reduction had a major effect on increasing pore volumes of both asbestos materials. PMID- 1251800 TI - Aerosol sampling inlets... PMID- 1251801 TI - Optimum aeration rate while determining low concentrations of carbon disulphide in urine of rayon workers... PMID- 1251802 TI - Device for testing assault mask canisters for leakage of activated charcoal. PMID- 1251803 TI - Precision aerosol divider. AB - A precision aerosol divider with a 17 to 1 flow split has been designed and tested. The divider, primarily a mass monitor calibration device, collects 94.4% of the aerosol on a filter to serve as a standard and delivers 5.6% of the aerosol to the mass monitor to be calibrated. PMID- 1251804 TI - A model for deposition of fibers in the human respiratory system. AB - A mathematical model for estimating lung deposition of fibers is described. It is based on the aerodynamic behavior of thin straight rods. Predicted deposition values for rods of various equivalent aerodynamic diameters and lengths, for each of three tidal volumes and for each of three respiratory system compartments are reported. PMID- 1251805 TI - A portable spectroradiometer for use at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. AB - To date there has been a lack of a suitable survey instrument for evaluating occupational hazards of ultra violet radiations. A portable optical spectroradiometer has been developed consisting of a miniature tandem grating monochromator with a photomultiplier detector. This instrument appears to satisfy operational requirements for an ultraviolet hazard survey meter. PMID- 1251806 TI - Letters to the editor: Fiber, blood lipids, and heart disease. PMID- 1251807 TI - Effects of physical activity on weight reduction in obese middle-aged women. AB - Increased physical activity consisting of jog-walking 2.5 miles and 1 hr of calisthenics/week was the primary focus of a 17-week weight reduction program in 22 obese (X = 40% body fat) women ages 30 to 52, many of whom had failed at previous attempts to lose weight by dieting alone. Regular exercise was also increased substantially on an individual basis. Caloric restriction was self determined and was generally moderate, accounting for about 60% of the total mean energy deficit. Initial and final evaluations included body composition by hydrostatic weighing, progressive multistage exercise testing, and plasma lipid and lipoprotein analyses. A mean relative body fat reduction of 5% (P less than or equal to 0.001) was achieved by a drop in fat body weight (X = 5.4 kg; P less than or equal to 0.001) which closely paralleled that of total body weight (X = 4.2 kg; P less than or equal to 0.001). Mean heart rates and systolic blood pressures at identical submaximal exercise intensities were significantly lower at the time of reevaluation. Mean plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations did not change significantly (P greater than 0.05). However, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05). Increased physical activity combined with moderate dieting is a feasible approach to weight reduction in middle-aged women. PMID- 1251808 TI - Resistance of intestinal triglyceride transport capacity in the rat to adaptation to altered luminal environment. AB - Previous studies have shown that the transmucosal transport capacity for tiolein is slower in distal compared with proximal regions of rat small intestine. The effect of altered luminal conditions on the relative capacities for [14C]triolein transport through different regions of intestinal wall were examined by determining the net accumulation of 14C-lipid in the mucosa during maximal steady [14C]triolein absorption. The high 14C-lipid accumulation in distal mucosa was not reduced after direct distal infusion of oleic acid and monolein for 7 days before challenge (substrate induction). No decrease in distal intestinal lipid accumulation was found 1 month after removal of the proximal 40% of intestine beyond the duodenum. Conversely, alteration of the luminal environment in the proximal intestine by 3 days of starvation or by ileal resection did not increase the tissue 14C-lipid concentration in this region during maximal [14C]triolein challenge. When proximal and distal segments were exchanged without reduction in intestinal length, by jejunoileal transposition, major 14C-lipid accumulation still occurred in originally distal segments during 3 hr of [14C]triolein infusion 1 month later. Mucosal synthesis of triglyceride was equally efficient in jejunum and ileum, suggesting that the intrinsic differences in proximal and distal lipid accumulation during maximal rate transport were related to a relatively limited capacity for chylomicron synthesis or secretion in the distal intestine. PMID- 1251809 TI - Idiopathic enteropathy: an evaluation in rural Iran with an appraisal of nutrient loss. AB - Idiopathic enteropathy in the rural population of Iran was investigated through evaluation of 100 randomly selected apparently normal subjects. The evaluation included quantitation of the nutrient loss, presence of malabsorption, and small intestinal morphological abnormalities. The results show that: 1) there was no significant loss of major nutrients, 2) severe malabsorption was not present, 3) an enteropathy of unknown etiology was found in nearly one-third of the subjects, and 4) abnormalities in morphology did not necessarily mean presence of malabsorption. PMID- 1251810 TI - Effect of vitamin B6 on leucine-induced changes in human subjects. AB - Distrubances in the tryptophan-niacin pathway seen in endemic pellagra among sorghum eaters have been ascribed to high dietary intake of leucine. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in several steps of this pathway. Therefore, studies on possible metabolic interrelations between excess dietary leucine and vitamin B6 were undertaken in normal healthy human subjects. The results indicated that vitamin B6 could successfully counteract the effects of leucine on quinolinic acid excretion in urine, and on in vitro nicotinamide nucleotide synthesis by erythrocytes, and also could correct the abnormalities of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism induced by excess leucine. These observations suggest that vitamin B6 nutritional status may have a contributory role in the pathogenesis of endemic pellagra. PMID- 1251811 TI - Cholesterol contents of various tissues of chickens with exogenous or endogenous hypercholesteremia. AB - Cholesterol contents of 16 different tissues were determined in 12 normal roosters, 12 roosters with diet-induced, exogenous hypercholesteremia, 10 actively laying hens with minimal endogenous hypercholesteremia, and 12 nonlaying hens with hereditable extreme hyperlipidemia. The tissue cholesterol contents of the normal roosters were strikingly similar to that of the corresponding tissues of the mammals except for a low cholesterol content of the brain in chickens. The hypercholesteremia in the roosters fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 2 months was associated with an increase of cholesterol content in all tissues except the brain, muscle, and adipose tissue. The actively laying hens, on the other hand, had a decreased cholesterol content in most tissues, despite the persistence of a minimal hypercholesteremia for 18 months and significant aortic cholesterol accumulation with mild atherosclerosis. The nonlaying hens developed extreme hypercholesteremia and severe atherosclerosis but only a moderately expanded cholesterol pool in most tissues. The results indicated a remarkable difference in tissue response to diet-induced exogenous hypercholesteremia and endogenous hyperlipidemia associated with laying activity in chickens and the propensity of their aortas to accumulate excessive cholesterol in the presence of either endogenous or exogenous hyperlipidemia. PMID- 1251812 TI - The school health service as a means of entry into the inner-city family for the identification of malnourished children. AB - Fourteen (10%) of 143 inner-city school children evaluated during the year of entry into elementary school were found to have short stature, to be underweight, and to have reduced subcutaneous fat deposition. These conditions were found to be associated with hematological characteristics of poor nutrition, and therefore, these children were considered to be "at risk" for malnutrition. Investigation into the homes of the at risk children revealed a single family in which no food was available for consumption. PMID- 1251813 TI - The tourniquet test as a diagnostic aid for the study of telangiectasia. AB - Telangiectasia, commonly called Rendu-Osler disease, in its uncomplicated state is a genetic trait, not a disease, which is transmitted as a dominant. It is difficult to diagnose because the identifying characteristics, which are collectively called telangiectases, are multiform. They often do not appear until adult life and frequently are secondary to extraneous or environmental factors such as alcohol, various drugs of which aspirin is an example, and, in a few subjects, exposure to sunlight. The tourniquet test is positive in a high percentage of cases. Eight patients have been selected for discussion to illustrate the application and helpfulness of this test in attaining a better evaluation of the clinical aspects of telangiectasia. PMID- 1251814 TI - Standardization of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time reagents and controls. AB - The problems of selection and standardization of reagents, selection of quality control standards, and maintaining quality controls are ourlined and discussed. Precise technic is emphasized, and sources of error and methods for correction of errors are reviewed. PMID- 1251815 TI - Letter: Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 1251816 TI - Letter: Dipslide urine cultures. PMID- 1251817 TI - Letter: The implementation of a robust estimator of the mean for quality control on a programmable calculator or a laboratory computer. PMID- 1251818 TI - Truth and consequences. PMID- 1251819 TI - Rx: Mother Goose, hs. PMID- 1251820 TI - The use of teacher checklists to identify children at risk for later behavioral and emotional problems. AB - Measures of child behavior based on teacher checklists have been shown to be reliable and valid indicators of a child's current school functioning. Such measures, however, are not very accurate predictors of behavior in other settings, or of the development of future behavior problems; they should not be used to label a child as "high risk." The primary care physician could help the teacher decide which children to refer for more thorough evaluation by providing the teacher with information on the child's development and neurologic status, home behavior, and family situation. Follow-up studies suggest that many behavioral disturbances seen in pre-school settings are transient situational disturbances that could be adequately managed through use of behavior modification techniques or simply through the passage of time. PMID- 1251821 TI - Relationship of radial metaphyseal band width to stature velocity. AB - A relatively radiodense metaphyseal band is present at the distal end of the radius in normally growing children. The width of this band is related to the velocity of stature growth. Though individual growth rates in height cannot be closely predicted from the width of the band in normal children and adolescents, in certain clinical conditions the band width may be a useful guide as to whether or not growth is proceeding normally. Examples are given of the effect of human growth hormone treatment on the band width in a case of isolated growth hormone deficiency and of the effect of thyroid treatment on the band width in a case of hypothyroidism. PMID- 1251822 TI - The bedtime story and language development. AB - Reading to children contributes significantly to their language development in general and their reading growth in particular. Children learn to comprehend and produce oral and written language through a variety of language experiences. Exposure to the world of books through a regular story time contributes to the child's knowledge store of language, concepts, and ideas. Story time also provides practice in attending to and comprehending written language and promotes a positive association with books and reading. The developmental needs of children suggest practical guidelines for the selection and evaluation of books to read to young children. Pediatricians are in a unique position to educate parents about these developmental needs as well as language acquisition. They can guide parents in providing a rich literary experience that could contribute to the intellectual, social, and emotional growth of their children. PMID- 1251823 TI - The differential diagnosis of cataracts in infancy and childhood. AB - The differential diagnosis of cataracts in childhood encompasses a broad and fascinating range of diseases and syndromes. Etiologic factors are catalogued according to type and character of the cataracts of infancy and childhood. PMID- 1251824 TI - Picture of the month. Frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele. PMID- 1251825 TI - Radiological case of the month. Epiglottitis. PMID- 1251826 TI - Juvenile Cushing syndrome manifested primarily by growth failure. AB - An 11-year-old boy had Cushing syndrome with profound growth retardation, but without the associated clinical characteristics of the disease. Treatment with growth hormone failed to promote growth, suggesting that growth failure in the presence of excess glucocorticoids is due to peripheral tissue resistance to growth hormone rather than to impairment of growth hormone secretion. PMID- 1251827 TI - Hysterical polydipsia (compulsive water drinking) in children. AB - Two patients had entirely different clinical presentations of hysterical polydipsia: convulsions and coma in a 5-year-old boy with intrinsic renal disease and a single kidney, and abnormal behavior in a 3-year-old girl with normal kidneys. In neither case was the correct diagnosis made on initial evaluation. Physiological studies demonstrated primary polydipsia to be responsible for both clinical presentations. The differential diagnosis of polydipsia and polyuria is reviewed, and the nonuniform presentation of hysterical polydipsia is emphasized. In children with intrinsic renal disease, hysterical polydipsia may be life threatening. PMID- 1251828 TI - Streptococcal meningitis with an unusual port of entry. AB - An 18-month-old boy developed meningitis due to group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. Despite adequate antibiotic therapy with aqueous sodium penicillin G and chloramphenicol for more than eight weeks, he showed persistent abnormal spinal fluid findings, recurrent elevations of temperature, irritability, and poor feeding. Further investigation revealed a congenital dermal sinus of the nose, with an entry into the anterior fossa that made a small opening intradurally at the level of the cribiform plate. Surgical removal of the entire sinus tract resulted in a speedy and complete recovery. PMID- 1251829 TI - Letter: Neuroblastoma in a newborn with Horner syndrome and respiratory distress. PMID- 1251830 TI - The engagement of epidemiologists in health services research. PMID- 1251831 TI - Epidemiology of influenza in the elderly: evidence of virus recycling. AB - During the Hong Kong influenza epidemic of 1968-1969 the attack rate among persons born prior to 1890 was about one-third the rate among persons born after 1899. During an Asian influenza epidemic in the same community two years earlier there was no apparent age effect. Most persons born before 1890 had detectable pre-epidemic antibody against A/Hong Kong/68 whereas most persons born after 1899 had no detectable pre-epidemic antibody. The lower attack rate in the older age group is consistent with the hypothesis that influenza A viruses with similar or identical hemagglutinins can reemerge over time and that remote previous experience with the same or a similar strain can be protective. Also, no age group born after 1890 was found to have a high prevalence of antibody against A/England/72 or A/Dunedin/73, the successors to A/Hong Kong/68, indicating that recycling of hemagglutinin antigens is not strictly ordered. PMID- 1251832 TI - Age-related immunity to measles, mumps and rubella in Middle American and United States children. AB - Serum samples from 3000 1 to 15-year-old children residing in the Dominican Republic, Honduras and the Republic of Panama were analyzed for measles, mumps and rubella susceptibility. These data were compared with results obtained on sera drawn from 2221 United States children of similar ages. It was found that children in all areas usually acquired immunity to measles early in life and tended to contract mumps and rubella somewhat later. Immunity data from the urban areas of the United States closely resembled that from the urban areas of the Dominican Republic. Honduran and Panamanian children showed much higher age related frequencies of rubella, susceptibility. When compared to the other Middle American countries studied, the rural Honduran sample showed significantly higher age-grouped susceptibility rates for measles and simultaneous triple rate revealed a consistent bias, indicating that the attack rates of the three infections are not entirely independent. PMID- 1251833 TI - Oyster-associated hepatitis: lessons from the Louisiana experience. AB - An outbreak of oyster-associated hepatitis occurring in Louisiana during the months of October and November 1973 has been shown to be related directly to two similar outbreaks occurring at the same time in Houston, Texas and Calhoun, Georgia. Oysters incriminated in all three outbreaks were traced to approved oyster growing areas along the east Louisiana coast. Although no entirely satisfactory explanation could be found for the mode of contamination of these oysters, the epidemiologic and enviornmental data are most consistent with the conclusion that Mississippi River flooding provided the necessary source of fecal pollution into the oyster growing areas. These data also support recent experimental evidence indicating the under natural conditions shellfish eliminate bacteria and viruses differently and may retain certain enteroviruses for as long as two months after these organisms have disappeared from surrounding waters. PMID- 1251834 TI - Daily variation in USA mortality. AB - Daily variation in each of several major causes of death in the United States during the period 1962-1966 is described by annual graphs showing deaths chronologically and by frequency distribution of deaths per day. The most significant sporadic factors affecting mortality in the 5 years studied appeared to be the influenza epidemic in 1963 and the unusually hot weather occurring in mid-1966. Deaths were also studied by day of the week and by holiday. Significant and consistent variations were found for violent deaths and those due to coronary heart disease. PMID- 1251835 TI - Community studies of lung disease in Connecticut: organization and methods. AB - We have obtained data on respiratory symptoms, enviornmental exposures, and lung function in 3730 residents, aged seven years and over, of a rural and an urban community in Connecticut. We used newly developed computerized techniques of data acquisition. The respondents represent 66.3% of the total populations available for study in the defined geographic areas (75.2% in the rural and 54.7% in the urban community). Door-to-door surveys in defined areas within each community provided information on the nonrespondents. Data on 92% of all residents were obtained in the door-to-door survey areas. Comparisons of respiratory symptoms and smoking habits between respondents and nonrespondents in the door-to-door survey areas, and between respondents living in the door-to-door survey areas and elsewhere in the two towns, led to the conclusion that the data on the respondents are an accurate reflection of the lung disease experienced by the total populations of the two communities. PMID- 1251836 TI - Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. AB - The concepts that case-referent studies provide for the estimation of "relative risk" only if the illness is "rare", and that the rates and risks themselves are inestimable, are overly superficial and restrictve. The ratio of incidence densities (forces of morbidity)-and thereby the instantaneous risk-ratio-is estimable without any rarity-assumption. Long-term risk-ratio can be computed through the coupling of case-referent data on exposure rates for various age categories with estimates, possibly from the study itself, or the corresponding age-specific incidence-densities for the exposed and nonexposed combined-but again, no rarity-assumption is involved. Such data also provide for the assessment of exposure-specific absolute incidence-rates and risks. Point estimation of the various parameters can be based on simple relationships among them, and in interval estimation it is sufficient simply to couple the point estimate with the value of the chi square statistic used in significance testing. PMID- 1251837 TI - Changes in fatal and nonfatal crash rates on a toll highway. AB - Rates of crashes, crashes with injuries, and crashes with fatalities were lower during the 6 months of March 1-August 31, 1974, following a 5-15 mph (8-24 kph) decrease in speed limits on the Illinois Tollway, than the corresponding rates for any of the 6 preceding years, 1968-1973. During the same months of 1968-1974, rates of crashes and of crashes with injuries showed peaks without consistent trends, but rates and percentages of fatal crashes decreased. The data agree with the hypothesis that reducing speed limits on toll roads may lead to substantial reductions in rate of crashes and injuries. PMID- 1251838 TI - Canine rabies in the United States, 1971-1973: study of reported cases with reference to vaccination history. AB - From 1971 through 1973 629 reported cases of rabies in dogs, concentrated in the Appalachian area, upper Mississippi drainage, Texas, and Louisiana, were reported in the US. States bordering the Atlantic and Pacific oceans had fewer cases. There was a recurring seasonal pattern of cases with a peak in March and April and a low point in August and September. Most of the cases involved transmission from wildlife vectors rather than dog-to-dog transmission. Most of the dogs were owned (87%), unvaccinated (87-90%), and adult (72%); most demonstrated unaggressive behavior (74%) and had exposed humans (75%). A history of vaccination was reported for 60 of the dogs. There were 21 cases of apparent vaccine failure involving all the types of vaccines in use during the study period. The attack rate for unvaccinated dogs was estimated to be 14 to 19 times higher than for vaccinated dogs. Since canine rabies in the United States is predominantly a problem in owned, invaccinated pets, vaccination and licensing of dogs should be mandatory. Surveillance should be continued to ensure that any resumption of dog-to-dog transmission will be rapidly detected and to monitor efficacy of vaccines in current use. PMID- 1251839 TI - Bone marrow biopsy in the evaluation of lymphoma, carcinoma and granulomatous disorders. PMID- 1251840 TI - Clinical conference: Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and pleural effusion. PMID- 1251841 TI - The metabolic events of starvation. PMID- 1251842 TI - Radiation-induced renal disease. A clinicopathologic study. AB - Radiation injury to the renal parenchyma is an unusual cause of renal insufficiency. Light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies were performed on the renal tissue from two patients in whom renal insufficiency developed within a year after they received abdominal irradiation. The glomerular lesion in both patients was similar. Mild endothelial cell swelling and basement membrane splitting were noted consistently on light microscopy. The electron microscopic examination revealed marked subendothelial expansion with electron lucent material associated with deposition of basement membrane-like material adjacent to the endothelial cells. In some capillary loops, the endothelial cell lining appeared to be completely lost. The pathogenesis of radiation-induced renal injury is still uncertain. It is speculated that local activation of the coagulation system with consequent thrombosis of the renal microvasculature may be extremely important. PMID- 1251843 TI - Unusual cardiac reaction to chemotherapy following mediastinal irradiation in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. AB - A 27 year old man with Hodgkin's disease experienced three separate episodes of chest pain, each occurring on the sixth day of a cycle of mustargen, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone (MOPP) combination chermotherapy. The first episode appeared to represent a myocardial infarction, whereas the next two were less serious. Numerous studies were performed including coronary angiography, cardiac catheterization and open pericardial biopsy. It is suggested that the patient represents an example of a previously undescribed syndrome due to chemotherapy administered after cardiac irradiation. PMID- 1251844 TI - A new familial syndrome characterized by pigmentary retinopathy, hypogonadism, mental retardation, nerve deafness and glucose intolerance. AB - Three siblings with retinitis pigmentosa, deafness and mental retardation were studied. Physical abnormalities included nystagmus, acanthosis nigricans and multiple keloids. The two male siblings had gynecomastia, small testes and mild subvirilization whereas the only indication of hypogonadism in the female sibling was oligomenorrhea. Testosterone levels in the males, which were in the low to low normal range, were increased by the administration of large doses of chorionic gonadotropin. The two affected males had elevated plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels which were decreased by the administration of testosterone and increased by the administration of clomiphene. One sibling had mild obesity and diabetes mellitus, one had moderate obesity, normal glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinism and the third had abnormal glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinism. This familial syndrome is distinct from either the Laurence-Moon, Bardet-Biedl or Alstrom disorders and provides further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in this group of autosomal recessive traits. PMID- 1251845 TI - Coronary heart disease after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. AB - Attention is called to the development of coronary heart disease in two patients several years after they received mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. One patient, a 33 year old man, died suddenly eight years after irradiation; necropsy disclosed marked narrowing of all three major coronary arteries. In addition to severe intima fibrous thickening, there also was considerable adventitial scarring of the coronary arteries. This type of coronary sclerosis is different from that seen in the usual patient with coronary heart disease. The second patient, a 42 year old man, had an acute myocardial infarction on two occasions, the first six years after mediastinal irradiation. Observations in previously described patients with coronary heart disease almost surely induced by therapeutic irradiation for Hodgkin's disease are reviewed. PMID- 1251846 TI - The clinical spectrum of ascites associated with maintenance dialysis. AB - Among 197 patients being treated with maintenance dialysis, six were found to have ascites. Unlike previous reported series, the cause of ascites and the clinical course were variable. Two patients responded to definitive therapy directed against the specific cause. No consistent association was found with the etiology of renal disease or therapy of uremia including the duration of hemodialysis or prior peritoneal dialysis. Nonspecific therapy attempting to alleviate ascites was unsatisfactory. Severe hypertension was not characteristic and bilateral nephrectomy did not influence the course. An extensive diagnostic evaluation is recommended along with skepticism before declaring that idiopathic, refractory ascites exists signaling progressive deterioration. PMID- 1251847 TI - Erythropoietic protoporphyria. 10 years experience. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings in 32 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria as well as a review of the pertinent literature on this relatively recently described form of porphyria are presented. The disease is thought to be transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion with variable penetrance and was characterized in these 32 patients by the onset in childhood of burning (97 per cent) and itching (88 per cent) of the skin on exposure to sunlight. This was accompanied by edema (49 per cent) and erythema (69 per cent) of the exposed areas. Vesicles, petechiae and residual scarring occurred less frequently. Associated abnormalities included cholelithiasis (12 per cent), anemia (27 per cent) and abnormal liver function studies (4 per cent). Reports of associated liver disease including nine cases of fatal hepatic failure, are reviewed. Current methods of diagnosis as well as theories of pathophysiology of the disease are presented. Nineteen of 23 of these patients recently treated with beta-carotene responded with significant increase in their tolerance to sun exposure. PMID- 1251848 TI - Salmonella oslo. A focal outbreak in a hospital. AB - Five patients were infected with a nontyphosal Salmonella species, Salmonella oslo. Three of the five patients had undergone endoscopy. Three possibilities existed to account for this outbreak: the positive cultures represented isolated events; there was one isolated event and a common source; or, all events were due to a common source. The results of our investigation were inconclusive, but suggested that the endoscope could have been responsible for some of the cases. Appropriate methods for sterilizing endoscopes are reviewed, including sterilization with 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde solution and ethylene oxide gas. The organism was unusual in its resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin; however, it was sensitive to a sulfonamide and trimethoprim. Two patients became culture-negative for S. oslo on treatment with this combination. PMID- 1251849 TI - The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The changing pattern of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) led to an examination of the deaths in a long-term systematic analysis of 81 patients followed for five years at the University of Toronto Rheumatic Disease Unit. During the follow-up 11 patients died; six patients died within the first year after diagnosis (group I) and five patients died an average of 8.6 years (from 2.5 to 19.5 years) after diagnosis (group II). In those who died early, the SLE was active clinically and serologically, and nephritis was present in four. Their mean prednisone dose was 53.3 mg/day. In four patients a major septic episode contributed to their death. In those who died late in the course of the disease, only one patient had active lupus and none had active lupus nephritis. Their mean prednisone dose was 10.1 mg/day taken for a mean of 7.2 years. In none was sepsis a contributing factor to their death. All five of these patients had had a recent myocardial infarction at the time of death; in four, ti was the primary cause of death. Mortality in SLE follows a bimodal pattern. Patients who die early in the course of their disease, die with active lupus, receive large doses of steroids and have a remarkable incidence of infection. In those who die late in the course of the disease, death is associated with inactive lupus, long duration of steroid therapy and a striking incidence of myocardial infarction due to atherosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 1251850 TI - Clinicopathologic conference: Hypereosinophilic syndrome with pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 1251851 TI - Upward subluxation of the axis in ankylosing spondylitis. A clinical pathologic report. AB - Upward subluxation of the axis associated with cord compression and death was noted in a patient with a long history of idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis. Upward subluxation of the axis has been recognized in up to 8 per cent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis but it is an exceedingly rare complication of ankylosing spondylitis. In this patient psoriasis and then psoriatic dactylitis developed 26 years after the onset of his ankylosing spondylitis. It is tempting to speculate that the unusual destruction of the joints around the atlas might be due to an added effect of psoriasis on idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 1251852 TI - Chronic lymphadenopathic toxoplasmosis. A case with marked hyperglobulinemia and impaired delayed hypersensitivity responses during active infection. AB - A patient with lymphadenopathic toxoplasmosis characterized by prolonged symptoms and repeated relapses with isolation of toxoplasma from lymph nodes is described. As the disease persisted and progressed, striking immunologic changes occurred that ultimately resulted in a state of extreme hyperglobulinemia associated with impaired delayed hypersensitivity responses. The case in question illustrates that progressive infection may occur in the face of high antibody levels of all immunoglobulin types whereas the only demonstrable immunologic impairment was of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 1251853 TI - Unresolved issues in the first five years of the rubella immunization program. AB - Despite extensive use of atttenuated rubella vaccine during the past five years, the degree of fetal risk in susceptible women inoculated early in pregnancy is still an unresolved issue. Although there is considerable evidence of chronic vaccine virus infection of the products of gestation in aborted fetuses, congenital defects have not yet been reported in the newborn infants of susceptible vaccinated pregnant women. The normal findings in the newborn infant can be misleading with respect to the safety of the vaccines in early pregnancy, because they represent only a small selected group of reported cases. The immediate need is for more complete reporting of all relevant cases wherever they occur in order to determine without many more years of delay whether the fetal risk has public health significance or is so low as to be of negligible importance. PMID- 1251854 TI - The effectiveness of two oral contraceptives in suppressing plasma androstenedione, testosterone, LH, and FSH, and in stimulating plasma testosterone-binding capacity in hirsute women. AB - The effectiveness of two oral contraceptives in suppressing plasma androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), LH, and FSH and in stimulating testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) was evaluated in 39 hirsute women. Twenty-seven hirsute women received norethindrone 2 mg.-mestranol 0.1 mg. (Group I) and 12 received norgestrel 0.5 mg.-ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg. (Group II). Hormone assays were performed before treatment and at the end of 3 weeks of therapy. Ninety percent of the women in both groups had an elevated plasma A and/or T. During treatment, plasma A,T, LH, and FSH were significantly reduced in both groups (p less than 0.01). In Group I, 78% of the women had a normal plasma A and T during treatment. In Group II, 83% of the women had a normal A and T during treatment. There was a greater increase in TeBG in Group I (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that these two oral contraceptives effectively suppressed the hyperandrogenism of most of the hirsute women. PMID- 1251856 TI - Pregnancy with bilateral ruptured benign cystic teratomas. AB - A case of intra-abdominal rupture of bilateral cystic teratomas in the first trimester of pregnancy is reported. Review of the literature revealed 22 cases of intraperitoneal rupture of benign cystic teratoma (1908 to 1971). In all of these cases only one ovary was involved, and the period of gestation was after the first trimester. PMID- 1251855 TI - Incidence of cervical cancer in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women detected by Papanicolaou smears. AB - This paper concerns itself with the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou smears in women 40 years of age or older. They are considered in two groups, i.e. perimenopausal (40 through 49) and postmenopausal (50 or more). In the perimenopausal group, the incidence of abnormal smears was higher than in a central population of women of all age groups. Abnormal smears were less than half as common in the postmenopausal group. Invasive cancer was four times greater in the perimenopausal group and two times greater in the postmenopausal group. PMID- 1251857 TI - Effect of ampicillin administration on estradiol, estriol, and cortisol levels in meternal plasma and on estriol levels in urine. AB - Ampicillin treatment in the last trimester of pregnancy had no significant effect on the levels of estradiol, estriol, or cortisol in maternal plasma. Urinary estriol excretion was, however, notably decreased during or following ampicillin treatment in six out of 10 patients. These results suggest that the plasma estrogen assays have greater validity than the urinary estriol assay in assessing fetoplacental endocrine function during a period of ampicillin treatment of the mother. PMID- 1251858 TI - Human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins during the postpartum period. AB - The plasma levels of four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins (PAPP's) and pregnancy zone protein (PZP) were studied in women after delivery of a single viable infant by gel immunodiffussion methods. Data from 89 random samples and 85 serial specimens from five women revealed that both PAPP-B and HPL (PAPP-D) disappeared within a day after delivery. PAPP-A showed a rapid drop in the first 2 or 3 days post partum and became nondetectable in 4 to 6 weeks, with a half life of 3 to 4 days. PAPP-C had a sharp decrease by the second postpartum day and was not detected 3 to 4 weeks later, with a half-life of 1 to 2 days. None of the PAPP's was detected again during the rest of the 14 postpartum weeks studied. In contrast, the PZP showed a much slower decrease or even a temporary increase during the first 2 weeks post partum; it remained readily detectable over the entire 14 weeks studied. PMID- 1251860 TI - Second-trimester spontaneous abortion, the IUD, and infection. AB - Nineteen cases of spontaneous second-trimester abortion associated with the intrauterine device (IUD) are reviewed and compared to 30 cases of spontaneous second-trimester abortion not associated with the IUD. Fifteen of the IUD's were Dalkon shields and four were Lippes loops. 16 of the 19 IUD-associated abortions began either with prolonged rupture of membranes or signs and symptoms of infection. Infection occurred in 18 or 19 of the cases (95%) but only 30% of the comparison group. Eleven major complications occurred in eight patients in the IUD group but only 8 complications occurred among 7 patients in the comparison group. It is suggested that when the IUD remains in utero during pregnancy, it may be a causal factor in second-trimester spontaneous abortion, and that intrauterine infection is the distinguishing characteristic of such cases. Mechanisms are suggested by which the IUD might cause infected abortion. PMID- 1251859 TI - The association between abnormal glucose tolerance (hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia) and estriol excretion in pregnancy. AB - In 2,000 consecutive patients having glucose tolerance tests in pregnancy hyperglycemia (greater than or equal to ninety-fifth percentile) was associated with increased placental weight (p less than 0.01) but not with increased fetal birth weight. Patients with hypoglycemia (less than or equal to fifth percentile) were more likely to have small-for-dates babies (p less than 0.01). Perinatal death was related to maternal glucose tolerance, being reduced from 1.3% in the total series to 0.6% when normoglycemia was present (p less than 0.05); it was significantly increased in the presence of maternal hyperglycemia (p less than 0.001) and hypoglycemia (p less than 0.01). A combination of abnormal glucose tolerance and subnormal estriol excretion detected pregnancies with significantly higher incidences of fetal and placental growth retardation, major fetal malformations, and perinatal deaths. Moreover, the combination of normoglycemia and normal estriol excretion (62.3% of patients) was associated with a very favorable pregnancy outcome (0.4% perinatal death rate). Hypoglycemia was at least as significant as hyperglycemia in terms of unfavorable pregnancy outcome, especially when associated with subnormal estriol excretion. PMID- 1251861 TI - Quantitation of uterine activity in 100 primiparous patients. AB - An on-line technique for quantitating uterine activity by measuring the total area under the intrauterine pressure curve was utilized during the labor of 100 primiparous patients. Uterine activity was measured in uterine activity units (1 UAU=1 Torr minute). UAU's were calculated for each patient in both cumulative and noncumulative fashions. The rate of uterine activity (UAU per unit of time) increased as labor progressed, yet the total UAU's expended at each centimeter of dilatation progressively decreased with advancing dilatation. Thus, the rate of cervical dilatation increased faster than could be accounted for by the increase in uterine activity. The implication being that the efficiency of uterine contractions increases with advancing labor. It no longer appears reasonable to refer to labor in terms of elapsed time. Information regarding the "pattern of cervical dilatation" and uterine activity appears to be much more meaningful to the evaluation of progress in labor. Quantitation of uterine activity may provide useful information for the ongoing management of labor. Quantitation of UA does provide a means of evaluating the effects of specific events such as medication, anesthesia, and manipulation on UA. PMID- 1251862 TI - Histologic characteristics of cells cultured from rat placental tissue. AB - Laboratory animals, especially rats, have provided a comparative model for extensive research on maternal-fetal relationships. To identify individual placental cells for subsequent immunologic analysis, cultures of rat placentas were studied. Five cell types were observed, including: two histologically distinct giant cells, mononucleate and multinucleate, apparently formed by amitosis and fusion, respectively; small round cells; polygonal cells, probably cytotrophoblasts. Of particular interest are the small round cells which are phagocytic and morphologically similar to macrophages, cells known to be important in the immune response. PMID- 1251863 TI - Luteolytic and abortifacient effects of serial intramuscular injections of 15(S) 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha in early pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy was successfully terminated in 8 of 9 patients 5 to 6 weeks after the last menstrual period by serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-ME-PGF2alpha). In one patient the treatment induced vaginal bleeding and a drop in hormone levels, but the patient did not completely abort and the uterus had to be evacuated. Serial intramuscular injections of 15 ME-PGF2alpha appeared to have some luteolytic effect, resulting in a significant drop in progesterone and estradiol levels. However, it is uncertain if the luteolytic effect of the prostaglandin was the precipitating factor in the abortion since the administration of 15-ME-PFG2alpha was accompanied by strong uterine activity which played a role in the abortion. PMID- 1251864 TI - Amelanotic melanoma metastatic to the placenta. PMID- 1251865 TI - Self-limited acute defibrination in pregnancy: case report. PMID- 1251866 TI - A new self-retaining vaginal retractor. PMID- 1251867 TI - Letter: Epidural analgesia. PMID- 1251868 TI - Letter: Obstetric anesthesia in New York City. PMID- 1251869 TI - Bimanual, bipolar intraocular diathermy. AB - We performed bimanual, bipolar intraocular diathermy by using a No. 22 disposable needle and a vitrectomy instrument. The technique required a smaller wound than unimanual bipolar cautery and was combined with membrane peeling techniques. The bipolar technique limited the extent of coagulation effects better than unipolar diathermy methods. PMID- 1251870 TI - Central retinal artery occlusion after carotoid angiography. AB - A 4-year-old boy had a case of ischemic infarction of the retina that occurred immediately after percutaneous carotoid angiography via a femoral percutaneous approach. This appears to be the youngest reported patient with this complication. PMID- 1251871 TI - Letter: Postgraduate medical education. PMID- 1251872 TI - Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 19. AB - A new type of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, caused by adenovirus type 19, occurred in Oregon in 1974. Although it can be spread by tonometry, in this epidemic finger-to-eye contact appeared to be the cause. PMID- 1251873 TI - Identification of a nonlysozymal bactericidal factor (beta lysin) in human tears and aqueous humor. AB - An antibacterial factor, identical with or closely related to beta lysin, was measured in human tears, in human aqueous humor, and in fractions of each fluid after an absorption step involving cellulose-asbestos filters. Antibeta lysin was used to help distinguish whether bactericidal activity was due to lysozyme or beta lysin. Beta lysin activity was found in both human tears and aqueous humor in higher amounts than were present in serum; appreciable amounts of lysozyme were found in human tears but not in aqueous humor. Beta lysin is a normal constituent of human tears and aqueous humor and its role in these fluids is that of an antibacterial agent that may also act in concert with lysozyme to destroy bacteria in tears. PMID- 1251874 TI - Correlation between degree of malignancy and the radioactive phosphorus uptake test in ocular melanomas. AB - Twenty-nine patients who had undergone enucleation for ocular malignant melanoma were studied. The results of the radioactive phosphorus uptake (32P) tests were correlated with histopathologic observations. There was a positive correlation between the 32P test results and the histologic degree of malignancy. Mixed cell melanomas were more frequent in the patients ranked with higher 32P test results. Spindle cell melanomas occurred more frequently in patients with lower 32P test results. Mitoses per field and degree of malignancy correlated positively with 32P test results when ranked in a masked manner by two ocular pathologists. Tumor volume and clinical factors did not correlate with the 32P test results. While patients with mixed cell melanomas had higher mean 32P test results than those with spindle cell melanomas, a large variance was noted. Because of this the 32P test is unreliable in predicting the histopathology of a tumor in individual cases. PMID- 1251875 TI - Sarcoid granulomatous cyclitis. AB - Granulomatous involvement of the ciliary process in a patient with sarcoidosis appeared as semitransparent nodules in the swollen ciliary body, accompanied by granulomatous iritis, nodules in the angle, vitreous opacities, and perivascular cuffing. Inspection of the ciliary body after maximal mydriasis by gonioscopy aided in the diagnosis of sarcoid involvement in anterior uveitis. PMID- 1251876 TI - Progressive external ophthalmoplegia and benign retinal pigmentation. AB - A 17-year-old boy had progressive external ophthalmoplegia, normal visual acuity, and a pigmentary retinopathy. Neurologic evaluation showed an abnormal electroencephalogram with diffuse slow (theta) waves. Myasthenia gravis was excluded. Fluorescein angiography showed a normal vascular pattern with diffuse hyper- and hypopigmentation. Results of retinal testing, including color vision, visual fields, electroretinography, and dark adaptometry, were within normal limits except for a slightly subnormal electroretinogram with normal implicit times. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia may be associated with either progressive or non-progressive pigmentary retinopathies, and adequate evaluation of retinal function in these cases must be obtained. PMID- 1251877 TI - Improved vitrectomy illumination system. AB - To facilitate insertion of a fiberoptic light source inside the vitreous body,we developed a prototype fiberoptic light guide. The light pipes are permanently mounted on the vitrophage and the front ends are tapered. PMID- 1251878 TI - Optic neuropathy presumably caused by vincristine therapy. AB - A 36-year-old man with Hodgkin's disease developed symmetric optic neuropathy after treatment with nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone. Histopathologic sections of the eyes showed loss of ganglion cells in the macular region and atrophy of the corresponding fibers in the optic nerve. Vincristine is presumed to have been the cause of the optic neuropathy because of its recognized neurotoxicity and its temporal relation to the onset of the visual complaint. PMID- 1251880 TI - Diffuse congenital hemangiomatosis with infantile glaucoma. AB - A white male infant was born with multiple hemangiomas of the skin and mucous membrane. At 7 months of age he exhibited the signs and symptoms of infantile glaucoma in each eye, but goniotomy was not possible because of vascularity in the angles. Cyclocryotherapy was used on multiple occasions to control intraocular pressure until a goniotomy could be done safely in one eye. The other eye has had good control of intraocular pressure without operation. PMID- 1251879 TI - Congenital central corneal leukoma (Peters' anomaly). AB - Corneal buttons from three patients with congenital central corneal leukoma (Peters' anomaly) were examined by light and electron microscopy. All cases exhibited a central absence of Bowman's membrane and iris synechiae to the periphery of the leukoma. In the first patient, extensive keratolenticular adhesion with retrocorneal fibrous tissue filling the central defect of endothelium and Descemet's membrane implicated late anterior displacement of the normally developed lens as the cause of secondary endothelial degeneration. In the second patient, attenuated endothelium and abnormally composed Descemet's membrane indicated primary dysgenesis of the endothelium. In the third patient, the extensive defect of posterior stroma with anterior stromal disorganization and endothelial metaplasia suggested dysgenesis of both the keratocytic and endothelial mesoderm. Thus, although no unified pathogenic mechanism was consistently applicable, either primary or secondary dysgenesis of the corneal mesoderm must be responsible. PMID- 1251881 TI - Trabeculectomy combined with cataract extraction. AB - In a combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction procedure on 17 eyes of 16 patients, there was a 50% average decrease in intraocular pressure. Visual acuity improved in 14 eyes, remained unchanged in two eyes, and declined in one eye. The postoperative complications were few and appreciable in only two cases. According to our follow-up findings, the combined technique is no more traumatic than an ordinary cataract extraction. PMID- 1251882 TI - Variable indenter to modify indentation during biomicroscopy of the peripheral fundus. AB - A modified scleral indentation attachment to the Goldmann three-mirror lens permitted visualization of the same area with and without indentation. Intraocular pressure increased only at the time of indentation. A plastic funnel replaced the metal one, thus reducing the entry of air bubbles between the glass and cornea. PMID- 1251883 TI - Letter: Intravitreal air complicating surgery. PMID- 1251884 TI - Letter: Ocular disaster plan. PMID- 1251885 TI - Letter: Spectacle and device for bilateral aphakic patients. PMID- 1251886 TI - H.R. 10427: Tertiary Eye Center Act of 1975. PMID- 1251888 TI - Acute ischemic changes in intestinal muscularis. AB - A chronologic study of ischemic changes in the mouse intestinal muscularis was done to delineate the morphologic alterations occurring within 24 hours of ischemia. The muscle cells initially contracted with segmental condensation of myofilaments. Subsequently, increasing degeneration and lysis of myofilaments resulted in the formation of dense degenerative bands and nodules alternating with clear segments in the muscle cells. Eventually, the myofilaments disintegrated. Mitochondria were initially swollen and subsequently condensed, shrunken, and fragmented. The plasma membrane showed progressive dissolution and eventually disappeared. These ultrastructural changes were represented by discernible changes in the histologic sections. PMID- 1251887 TI - Morphologic and morphometric analysis of the early effects of x-ray and heavy-ion irradiation of hamster lung. AB - Morphometric methods were to used to compare the early effects of graded single doses of x-rays with accelerated heavy particle (helium or neon) irradiation of hamster lung. Increased values in the volume densities of both capillary lumina and inflammatory cells at 2 weeks postirradiation were observed. Neon-ion irradiation wes statisically different from x-irradiation at all dose levels, while helium-ion irradiation showed significant increases only at higher doses (1000 to 1500 rads). At 1 month post-irradiation, the volume densities of capillary lumina after heavy particle irradiation began to return to control values, while those in x=irradiated lungs continued to be elevated. The volume density of inflammatory cells remained increased for all types of irradiation, and the highest values were obtained in neon-ion irradiated lungs. Accelerated heavy particle irradiation would therefore appear to elicit a more intense early radiation than does x-irradiation but the chronic significance of these findings is not yet known. PMID- 1251889 TI - The pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant ferrets. AB - The infant ferret is susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus infection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. In the nose, viral replication is restricted to the surface respiratory epithelium in the nasal passages and turbinates. In the lungs, viral replication is of a lower order of magnitude and is localized in the alveolar cells. The pattern of viral replication in nasal tissues is independent of the age of the animal at infection, whereas the pattern in lung tissues shows a striking age dependence, with viral replication progressively decreasing as a function of age. Thes age dependence appears to be due to an intrinsic age-related mechanism yet to be defined. We feel that the infant ferret is an acceptable model for the study of respiratory syncytial virus disease and that the study of age dependence observed in ferrets may allow elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the age dependence seen in humans. PMID- 1251890 TI - Experimental acute alveolar injury in the dog. Morphologic--mechanical correlations. AB - In 26 dogs, a single subcutaneous injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane produced acute lung injury characterized by tachypnea cyanosis, increased static lung recoil, and decreased lung compliance. During the first few days, light microscopic examination revealed widespread interstitial and perivascular edema and alveolar collapse. At the same time, electron microscopy showed the major alteration to be widespread necrosis of both types of alveolar epithelial cells without significant injury to the vascular endothelium. During recovery, new epithelial cells appeared which probably were derived from granular pneumocytes. These cells developed into mature granular pneumocytes through a phase in which they resembled fetal granular pneumocytes. The late stage was characterized by a picture resembling diffuse interstitial fibrosis but which was due to irreversible closure of clusters of small airspaces with no apparent increase in collagen. Elastic recoil of the lungs, as reflected by peak inspiratory airway pressure, increased during the acute phase and showed a return toward normal that was coincident with the appearance of mature granular pneumocytes in the regenerating epithelium. Lung compliance decreased during the acute phase and in most animals returned toward normal during the recovery phase. These observations strongly suggest that the alteration in lung mechanics is related to epithelial necrosis and that recovery is related to epithelial regeneration. PMID- 1251891 TI - Steroid-induced polycystic kidneys in the newborn rat. AB - The ability of prednisolone, prednisolone tertiary butyl acetate, and tertiary butyl acetate to induce cysts in the kidneys of 8-day-old rats has been examined following single intramuscular injection of the chemicals into newborn rats. The results indicate that only prednisolone tertiary butyl acetate-treated rats developed cysts to any marked extent. The daily injection of potassium chloride (from Day 2 to Day 7) into the prednisolone tertiary butyl acetate-treated rats prevented the formation of cysts. Similar injection of potassium bicarbonate failed to provide protection. Serum and urine electrolyte (potassium, sodium, and chloride) concentrations were also studied on the day of necropsy. The steroid treated rats did not develop the hypokalemia observed by previous workers. Changes in electrolyte concentrations were noted in a number of instances, but these could not be causally related to cyst formation. PMID- 1251892 TI - Experimental galactosamine-induced hepatitis. Effect of anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic agents on microclot formation. AB - An experimental hepatitis was induced in rabbits by intravenous infusion of 1 g galactosamine per kilogram of body weight. Galactosamine administration caused microclot formation in kidneys, liver, lungs, and spleen in a low percentage. If, however, animals were infused with the fibrinolysis inhibitor epsilon aminocaproic acid in addition to galactosamine, microclots were generated in a high percentage. The microclots exhibited typical staining characteristics like those observed in the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Some animals developed bilateral renal cortical necrosis. Heparin treatment prevented the occurrence of microclot fromation after galactosamine administration, but it neither prolonged the survival time of the animals nor prevented or reduced liver cell damage. Increases in serum GPT and bilirubin levels were similar in heparin-treated and untreated rabbits. The experiments indicate that disseminated intravascular coagulation is involved in galactosamine-induced hepatitis but does not contribute to the severity of the liver injury. PMID- 1251893 TI - Animal model of human disease. Gonorrhea. PMID- 1251894 TI - Animal model of human disease. Malignant melanoma. PMID- 1251895 TI - Myocardial contractile force as a function of coronary blood flow. AB - The contractile force of the deep and superficial myocardial fibers was examined in the open-chest anesthetized dog as a function of coronary blood flow (CBF). When 1) dogs that failed to demonstrate coronary autoregulation were eliminated from the data base and 2) CBF and contractile force data were both normalized as a percent of their vaues when perfusion was from aortic pressure (autoperfusion), the relationship between them became very reproducible. Contractile force was highly dependent on the flow rate when the CBF was below that chosen by autoregulation (the rate during autoperfusion). Conversely contractile force was relatively independent of flow at higher CBF. The contractile force-CBF curve thus was found to break precisely at the autoperfused CBF. When myocardial metabolism was elevated by paired electrical stimulation this relationship was unchanged. It was concluded that coronary blood flow is tightly regulated to match metabolic needs over a range of metabolic rates. PMID- 1251896 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on automaticity of canine Purkinje fibers. AB - The effect of acetylcholine on automaticity of Purkinje fibers was studied in isolated canine false tendon preparations with conventional microelectrode techniques. Of 15 preparations with the control spontaneous rate of 12-60 beats/min, acetylcholine in a concentration of 0.5 mug/ml decreased the spontaneous rate by 20-87% in 13 preparations. This decrease in automaticity was due to a decrease in the slope of phase 4 depolarization and an increase in the maximum diastolic potential. The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine could be reversed by atropine in a concentration of 3 mug/ml in six preparations and prevented by pretreatment with atropine in another six preparations. Atropine per se did not have any appreciable effect on automaticity of Purkinje fibers. The results indicate that acetylcholine significantly suppresses automaticity of canine Purkinje fibers through its muscarinic action. PMID- 1251897 TI - Mechanism of the inhibition of myocardial protein synthesis during oxygen deprivation. AB - Inhibition of protein synthesis during anoxia in the isolated rabbit right ventricular papillary muscle preparation is totally reversible for up to 2 h if glucose concentration is increased during anoxia. The degree of inhibition of protein synthesis during anoxia is, however, not altered by the presence of increased glucose. Thus inhibition of myocardial protein synthesis induced by anoxia need not be related to irreversible disruption of cellular integrity but may represent metabolic regulation of the synthesis. Tissue content of ATP, ADP, AMP, CP, and lactate and phenylalanine incorporation into protein were measured in individual papillary muscles incubated with varying degrees of O2 deprivation and varying substrates and metabolic inhibitors to determine if the inhibition during anoxia could be ascribed to alterations in tissue high-energy phosphate, adenine nucleotide levels, or rate of metabolic flux through the glycolytic and/or Krebs cycle. Protein synthesis was inhibited in muscles incubated in 15 mM glucose during anoxia despite the fact that in the presence of increased glucose, tissue levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP were equal to that of controls. Protein synthesis was normal in muscles made sufficiently hypoxic so that ATP and CP were significantly decreased and lactate increased. Inhibition of Krebs cycle activity with pentenoate failed to effect the rate of protein synthesis. We conclude that anoxic inhibition of myocardial protein synthesis is due neither to high-energy phosphate depletion nor inhibition of Krebs cycle acitivity. The possibility remains that the inhibition may be related to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates or by-products other than lactate. PMID- 1251898 TI - Correlation of contractions and transit in rat small intestine. AB - A single strain gauge was implanted chronically in the proximal jejunum of the rat to record contractions. FAsted pentobarbital-anesthetized animals received glucagon, caerulein, or isotonic saline control infusions intravenously while contractions were recorded. In control animals, the distribution of contractions in time showed clusters, with peaks at intervals of 14.24 +/-5.6 (SD) min. Glucagon produced dose-related inhibition of contractions. Caerulein at two lower doses produced a more uniform distribution of contractions in time; a higher dose caused inhibition. In other fasted rats, an isotopically labeled bolus was given through a chronically implanted duodenal cathether, and its distribution along the small intestine was examined in animals receiving the same doses of glucagon, caerulein, and saline. Glucagon caused a dose-related delay in transit. Those doses of caerulein that produced a uniform distribution of contractions accelerated transit; the dose that inhibited contractions delayed transit. Doses of glucagon and caerulein known to affect both motility and transit did not significantly affect water movement. The fasted rat resembles the fasted go in respect to the temporal distributions of jejunal contractions at a single point. Both quantitative and qualitative changes in contractions induce changes in transit. PMID- 1251899 TI - Glucose utilization and recycling in ponies. AB - Variables of glucose metabolism determined by the use of [U-14C]glucose were compared in fed and fasted ponies. Relative recycling of glucose carbon with respect to tritium in fed animals was negligible for 6-T and 3-T and 16% for 2-T studies; in fasted animals relative recycling was 12 and 14% for 6-T and 3-T studies, respectively. Minimal mass of total-body glucose decreased significantly in the fasted ponies. Based on relative recycling of carbon to tritium, a negligible fraction of plasma glucose was produced via the Cori cycle or from glycerol in fed ponies; recycled tricarbon units contributed 12% of glucose produciton in ponies fasted 72 h. In fed ponies, 16% of plasma glucose carbon was recycled via a futile cycle at the glucose 6-phosphate stage. Glucose utilization was best estimated with the use of [6-T]glucose (or 3-T). PMID- 1251900 TI - Endogenous prostaglandin in guinea pig taenia coli. AB - Prostaglandin (PGE) is synthesized in the guinea pig taenia coli. A low threshold concentration for an effect of exogenous PGE1 or PGE2 on spontaneous mechanical activity was demonstrated. The PG synthetase inhibitors aspirin, indomethacin, and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, at concentrations that inhibited PGE efflux, had effects on spontaneous mechanical activity, membrane potential, membrane resistance, and evoked and spontaneous action potentials (single and double sucrose-gap methods) that were consistent with an action due to inhibition of membrane PGE concentration. The threshold concentration of indomethacin, which inhibited PGE efflux, was the same as the concentration that inhibited spontaneous mechanical activity. Pretreatment with ouabain (10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml) or elevated extracellular K+ (29 and 126 mM) made the guinea pig taenia coli entirely refractory to exogenous PGE1 or PGE2; the mechanical effects of the three prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors also were absent in the presence of elevated K+ or ouabain. The data are consistent with a hypothesis that, under conditions of our experiments, endogenous PGE has an effect on resting tension and spontaneous mechanical activity and on properties of the surface membrane of the guinea pig taenia coli. PMID- 1251901 TI - Effect of ionic environment on oxygen uptake and lactate production of myometrium. AB - The present studies were designed to measure the metabolic cost, in terms of oxygen consumption (QO2) and lactate production, of membrane ion transport, and activation of the contractile apparatus of rat myometrium. The normal QO2 of 16.98 +/- 0.84 mumol/g wet tissue per h was reduced to 15.42 +/- 0.66 in the presence of high-K (127 mM) solution. This was further reduced to 14.05 +/- 0.77 and 13.53 +/- 0.76 by the addition of D-600 (10(-5) M), which inhibits Ca influx or in the presence of Ca-deficient high-K solutions, respectively. Ouabain (10( 3) M) reduced QO2 by an amount similar to that produced by high K. Addition of K+ to Na-rich preparations produced an immediate ouabain-sensitive increase of QO2 whose rate was a linear function of [K+]o up to 30 mM in Ca-deficient solution. In all of the above conditions, changes in lactate release paralleled those in QO2. Isoproterenol (10(-6) M), which causes mechanical inhibition of myometrium, had no effect on the QO2 of muscles in normal solution but reduced the QO2 of muscles in Ca-deficient solution. Lactate release was increased by isoproterenol in both normal and Ca-deficient solutions. These results show that the Na pump is an important site of energy utilization in myometrium. Components which can be interpreted in terms of energy utilization for Ca pumping and the contractile apparatus were also demonstrated. PMID- 1251902 TI - Insulin removal by isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Removal of unlabeled insulin was studied in the perfused rat liver. Insulin removal followed first-order kinetics over the range of concentrations found in the portal vein of postabsorptive rats, but deviated from first-order kinetics in experiments with a wider concentration range. Clearance was more than twice as great at concentrations normally found in the portal vein in the postabsorptive state (0.40-1.1nM or about 60-100 muU/ml) than at concentrations expected after pancreatic stimulation (4.5-7.0 nM). Saturation of the liver's capacity to remove insulin, however, was not observed even at higher levels. Insulin clearance diminished when the flow rate was reduced. It was not significantly altered by prolonged starvation. Our results suggest that when the insulin concentration is high a greater percentage escapes hepatic degradation then when it is low. Hepatic insulin clearance is in part dependent on the portal flow rate. The kinetics of insulin removal by the perfused liver cannot be accounted for by the properties of insulin-degrading enzymes described by others. PMID- 1251903 TI - Ontogeny of thirst in the infant rat. AB - The development of water drinking in response to thirst stimuli was found to be precocious and sequential in the neonatal rat. It was studied in suckling rats with a technique that took advantage of their vigorous consummatory reflexes and minimized appetitive responding. Responsiveness to the following thirst challenges appeared in the suckling rat with a clear timetable: cellular dehydration at 2 days of age, hypovolemia induced by colloid dialysis at 4 days, and beta-adrenergic activation at 6 days. Responsiveness to deprivation from mother's milk was vigorous at the earliest day tested (2 days) but could not be distinguished from hunger. Rats weaned, isolated, and tested as miniadults responded appetitively to thirst challenges as early as 16 days of age. But they required a warm environment, optimum access to the water source, and sufficient time to respond. As revealed by consummatory responding, the controls of water drinking mature weeks before they are required. They precede the maturation of capacities for sustained appetitive responding. These appear in the last week of the suckling period, yielding animals that are prepared for adult, thirst motivated behavior at the onset of weaning. PMID- 1251904 TI - Interplay among carotid sinus, cardiopulmonary, and carotid body reflexes in dogs. AB - Interactions among vascular reflexes evoked from carotid sinuses, carotid bodies, and cardiopulmonary region were examined in anesthetized, atropinized, and respired dogs with aortic nerves cut. The carotid sinuses were perfused at 220, 150, and 40-50 mmHg; the chemoreceptors were stimulated by perfusion with hypoxic hypercapnic blood. Cardiopulmonary vasomotor inhibition was interrupted by vagal cold block. Measurements were made of arterial blood pressure and of kidney and hindlimb vascular resistance. At sinus pressures less than 170-160 mmHg, cardiopulmonary vasomotor inhibition increased with increase in blood volume. At high sinus pressure, interruption of this augmented cardiopulmonary inhibition was as ineffective in changing vascular resistance as interruption of the lesser inhibition present during normovolemia. Chemoreceptor stimulation increased the response to vagal block at intermediate but not at high or low sinus pressure. The studies demonstrate the dominant role of the carotid sinus reflex when the three systems interact and the ineffectiveness of chemoreceptor stimulation when carotid or cardiopulmonary inhibition is maximal. PMID- 1251905 TI - Comparison of arterial hemodynamics in the mongrel dog and the racing greyhound. AB - This study was undertaken to define certain differences in cardiovascular function between mongrel (M) and greyhound (GH) dogs. In unanesthetized, trained, chronically instrumented animals mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the GH (118 vs. 98 mmHg). This was associated with a significantly higher cardiac index in the GH (4.3 vs 3.1 liters/min per m2) and a lower calculated peripheral resistance. Central venous renin activity was significantly lower in the GH when unanesthetized (1.51 vs. 2.88 ng/ml per h). Values of vascular impedance at several selected arterial sites were lower in the GH compared to the M, suggesting differences in arterial wall mechanical properties. The hydraulic power delivered to the aorta by the left ventricle in the GH was twice that of the M (1,166 vs. 564 mol wt). Oscillatory power represented a greater fraction of total aortic power in the GH (15.7 vs. 10.8%). Differences were also observed in the hemodynamic response to acute pentobarbital anesthesia. Thus the young adult GH is hemodynamically different from its mongrel counterpart. These differences bear some resemblance to hemodynamic changes seen in various types of experimental hypertension in animals and to those observed in the early phase of essential hypertension in man. PMID- 1251906 TI - Electrical off response of cat esophageal smooth muscle: an analog simulation. AB - This investigation was performed to define characteristics and to design an electrical model of the slow membrane depolarization, or "electrical off response," that follows stimulation of cat circular esophageal smooth muscle. The electrical off response showed the following characteristics: 1) the response was preceded by hyperpolarization of the muscle membrane; 2) the amplitude of the off response depolarization increased directly with increasing amplitude of the preceding hyperpolarization; 3) the membrane potential showed varying degrees of oscillation around the resting point; 4) the oscillation period was constant (4-5 s) and was double the time from the point of maximum hyperpolarization to the peak of the electrical off response. These characteristics suggested that the electrical off response could be represented by a linear second-order differential equation with variable damping, and an analog simulation was constructed. By varying the damping ratio and/or the natural frequency of the analog model, the characteristics of the electrical off response of esophageal muscle could be reproduced. The model provides a means to explore the behavior of esophageal smooth muscle contraction under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 1251907 TI - Effects of age and hypertension on utilization of glucose by rat aorta. AB - Aortic intima-media was isolated from three groups of rats varying in age from 6.5 to 72 wk and from 16-wk-old rats with renal hypertension and sham-operated controls. Tissues were incubated with [U-14C]glucose for 3 h, and the incorporation of glucose into lactate, carbon dioxide, and total lipids was measured. The amounts of glucose converted to each product, per microgram of aortic DNA, increased with advancing age of donor rats over the entire range of age studied. Effects of hypertension on aortic glucose utilization were in the same direction as the effects of age, but more pronounced. Effects of age and hypertension were greatest on the conversion of glucose to carbon dioxide and least on its conversion to lipids. Significant although less marked increases in aortic glucose utilization with age and hypertension were also revealed when results were calculated on the basis of tissue weight. PMID- 1251908 TI - Oxygen consumption by human and rodent striated muscle in vitro. AB - Oxygen consumption has been measured in human and rodent striated muscle in vitro with a platinum-silver electrode system. The effects of excess potassium, caffeine, insulin, osmotic shock, halothane, and Na-pump blockade have been investigated and the differences from amphibian muscle responses are outlined. It has been found that normal human muscle, like that of rodents, is relatively indifferent to major surface depolarization and osmotic shock, as far as oxygen requirements are concerned. Surgical damage to muscle fibers causes them to react unpredictably to pharmacological tests. The results in normal muscles may be of use in the further study of certain muscular diseases. PMID- 1251910 TI - Preabsorptive insulin release and hypoglycemia in rats. AB - Peripheral blood glucose and immunologically reactive insulin levels were determined in freely moving normal rats which were submitted either to a free oral glucose load or to a gastric administration of the glucose load. Identical determinations were performed in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus-(VMH) lesioned and vagotomized rats after the same oral intake. It was demonstrated that: 1) a free oral glucose intake was immediately followed by two peaks of insulun release and a resultant decrease in blood glucose; 2) a gastric glucose load resulted in a single peak of insulin release and the concomitant decline in blood glucose; 3) the recorded blood glucose level was the resultant of the insulin-induced hypoglycemia and the postabsorptive hyperglycemia; and 4) the responses were largely exaggerated in VMH-lesioned rats and abolished by vagotomy. It is concluded that the early prandial insulin release reflexly induced by food related stimuli temporarily enhances the metabolic conditions which provoke feeding. PMID- 1251909 TI - Intramyocardial distribution of blood flow in hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized dogs. AB - In 34 anesthetized, open-chest dogs aortic blood pressure was kept at 35-40 mmHg for 3 h to determine if maldistribution of coronary blood flow (CBF) could contribute to the irreversibility of hemorrhagic shock. Six dogs were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) and 11 dogs (3 with PBZ) received hypertonic mannitol infusions in late hemorrhage. Changes of heart rate, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance were similar to those described by others. In untreated dogs total and left ventricular CBF fell, as did coronary vascular resistance. However, minimal coronary resistance after transient ischemia rose progressively and the ratio of subendocardial:subepicardial flow fell, as did the percentage of diastolic coronary flow. Mannitol infusion returned CBF and steady-state and minimal postischemic coronary resistance to control values and also returned to normal the increased myocardial water content found in late hemorrhage. Phenoxybenzamine delayed but did not prevent the rise of coronary vascular resistance or decreased subendocardial flow. These studies suggest that there may be subendocardial ischemia, possibly due to myocardial edema, in hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 1251911 TI - Relationship between clearances of Ca and Na: effect of distal diuretics and PTH. AB - One of the objectives of this study was to determine whether or not the absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) modifies quantitatively the acute action of chlorothiazide (CTZ) to lower the clearance ratio, CCa/CNa. The same group of dogs was studied with standard clearance techniques before and after thyroparathyroidectomy (T-PTX), and after T-PTX during the infusion of PTH. There was no significant difference in the response to CTZ before or after T-PTX, or during the infusion of PTH. The effects of PTH and a maximally effective dose of CTZ were additive. A second objective of this work was to ascertain whether or not two other diuretics which act on the distal tubule, amiloride and triamterene, had actions on CCa/CNa similar to that of CTZ. Amiloride caused a reduction in CCa/CNa which, even at maximally effective doses, was much smaller than the effect of CTZ. Maximally effective doses of amiloride and CTZ had additive actions. Triamterene was evaluated at only one dose; it also lowered the ratio CCa/CNa. PMID- 1251912 TI - Humoral deficiency and reticuloendothelial depression after traumatic shock. AB - Circulating opsonin levels and reticuloendothelial (RE) phagocytic activity were investigated in anesthetized rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum (NCD) trauma. Reticuloendothelial function was assessed by colloid clearance kinetics and circulating opsonin levels by in vitro tissue slice bioassay. After sublethal shock, both hepatic RE phagocytosis and plasma opsonic activity were significantly (P less than 0.001) depressed in the 0.5- to 6-h posttrauma period. Pulmonary and bone marrow localization of the blood-borne test microparticles significantly (P less than 0.05) increased during hepatic RES depression. Hepatic RE cells from animals during the interval of posttraumatic in vivo phagocytic depression exhibited normal phagocytosis when incubated in normal pretrauma plasma and decreased phagocytic activity when incubated in posttrauma plasma. After sublethal shock, restoration or opsonin levels by 24 h after shock resulted in hepatic RE recovery. Plasma opsonin levels declined in direct relationship to the degree of trauma. Progressive hepatic RE failure was correlated with the progressive decline in circulating plasma opsonic activity. The findings indicate that opsonic depletion may be involved in the etiology of hepatic reticuloendothelial depression after traumatic shock. PMID- 1251913 TI - Ion-osmotic hyperthermia during exercise in dogs. AB - The influence of intravenous infusions of various concentrations of NaCl solutions on temperature regulation was investigated in dogs at rest and during moderate exercise for 1 h on a treadmill. Infusion of hypertonic solutions either before and during exercise resulted in elevated (P less than 0.05) plasma Na+ and osmotic concentrations and produced higher equilibrium levels (P less than 0.05) of rectal temperature (Tre) during exercise (prehypertonic 40.9 degrees C vs. no infusion 40.4 degrees C; hypertonic 40.8 degrees C vs. isotonic infusion 40.4 degrees C), but not at rest. Increasing the [Na+] and osmotic concentrations above 170 meq/liter and 325 mosmol/kg, respectively, resulted in no additional increase in exercise Tre. Water consumption during exercise decreased (P less than 0.05) plasma [Na+], osmolality, and the equilibrium level of Tre to control levels. There was no effect of changes in plasma volume (PV) of +/- 8% on the time course, equilibrium level, or change in Tre during exercise. At the end of exercise, there were moderate correlations (P less than 0.01) between Tre and [Na+] (r = 0.51) and Tre and osmoti (r = 0.52) concentrations. It was concluded that a) the exercise Tre responses of the dog respond quantitatively like man to elevated plasma [Na+] and osmolality, b) the Tre levels are not influenced by changes in PV, and c) water intake significantly reduces the ion-osmotic hyperthermia. PMID- 1251914 TI - Modification of stimulated lacrimal gland flow by sympathetic nerve impulses in rabbit. AB - This study was undertaken to determine if sympathetic nerve impulses modify lacrimal gland fluid (LGF) flow, which was continuously recorded from a cannula in the excretory duct of the lacrimal gland in rabbits anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The preganglionic trunk of the superior cervical ganglion was stimulated with electrical stimuli during pilocarpine-induced and reflexly induced secretion. Stimuli equal to or 6-8 times stronger than the intensity that produced maximal pupil dilation caused inhibition followed by poststimulus enhancement of LGF flow when the prestimulus LGF flow was greater than 3.0 mul/min. When the prestimulus LGF flow was less than 0.8 mul/min, the stronger stimulation enhanced LGF flow but the weaker stimulation produced inhibition followed by poststimulus enhancement of LGF flow. Although no measurements of lacrimal gland blood flow were made, the alterations in these responses, which occurred during alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade, were consistent with the changes in sympathetically induced blood flow that occur during alpha- and beta blockade in other organs. PMID- 1251915 TI - Role of arterial baroreceptors in mediating cardiovascular response to exercise. AB - The role played by the major arterial baroreceptor reflexes in the cardiovascular response to exercise was examined by comparing the responses of untethered conscious dogs instrumented for the measurement of aortic pressure and cardiac output with those of dogs with total arterial barorecptor denervation (TABD). Moderately severe levels of exercise (12 mph) in intact dogs increased cardiac output from 111 +/- 17 ml/kg per min, increased heart rate from 101 +/- 5 to 265 +/- 8 beats/min, and reduced total peripheral resistance from 0.039 +/- 0.003 to 0.015 +/- 0.002 mmHg/ml per min. Dogs with TABD responded in a very similar fashion; exercise increased cardiac output from 119 +/- 8 to 356 /+- 23 ml/kg per min, increased heart rate from 122 +/- 7 to 256 +/- 5 beats/min, and decreased total peripheral resistance from 0.042 +/- 0.005 to +/- 0.015 +/- 0.001 mmHg/ml per min. The reflex heart rate responses to intravenous bolus doses of methoxamine were also examined in intact animals, both at rest and during exercise. Methoxamine caused striking bradycardia at rest, but little bradycardia during exercise. These results suggest that the arterial baroreceptor reflex is normally turned off during severe exercise and thus does not modify significantly the cardiovascular response to exercise. PMID- 1251916 TI - Effect of adrenal steroids on bone resorption in rats. AB - Rats labeled with strontium-85 (85Sr) were rejected with adrenocortical steroids for 2 wk. The urinary-to-tibial (U/T) 85Sr ratio was used as an index of bone resorption. The glucocorticoids caused an inhibition of skeletal resorption, as judged by the 50% reduction in the U/T ratio, and decreased excretion of hydroxyproline. Thyroidal calcitonin levels were slightly elevated in glucocorticoid-treated animals, suggestive of a possible retardation of calcitonin release. The U/T ratios of thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats injected with corticosteroids were 50% of control values. The results indicate that glucocorticoids inhibit bone resorption independent of the action of calcitonin. Cortisol treatment increased the tibial density as measured by a radiographic technique. However, bone density was decreased and the U/T ratio increased in steroid-treated rats fed a low-calcium diet. In TPTX cortisol treated rats, parathyroid extract (PTE) increased the U/T ratio and serum calcium but not to the degree observed in TPTX PTE-injected control animals. These experiments indicate that in rats glucocorticoids inhibit the rate of bone resorption but this effect can be overcome in part by PTE. PMID- 1251918 TI - Effect of carbachol on 45Ca uptake and protein secretion in rat lacrimal gland. AB - Carbachol stimulates 45Ca uptake and protein secretion in rat lacrimal glands. At low concentration (10-8 M) atropine inhibits these effects but phentolamine and propranolol (10-5 M) are ineffective. The optimum response in both processes is obtained at the same concentration (10-6 M) of the cholinergic agonist. Vinblastine (10-4 M) reduces protein discharge induced by carbachol without modifying the uptake of 45Ca stimulated by the parasympathetic mediator. Calcium influx is proposed as the primary effect of cholinergic inducers in secretory processes. PMID- 1251917 TI - Amino acid assignment to one of three blood-brain barrier amino acid carriers. AB - The percentages of 22 14C-labeled amino acids remaining in rat brain 15 s after carotid injection were measured relative to a simultaneously injected diffusible internal standard, 3HOH. The injected solution also contained a nondiffusible internal standard, [113mIn]EDTA to correct for incomplete brain blood compartment washout. Self-inhibition and cross-inhibition was demonstrated by inclusion of unlabeled amino acids and carboxylic acids. All amino acids tested, excluding proline, alanine, and glycine, could be assigned to one, and only one, blood brain barrier carrier system. The neutral carrier system transported phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophane, valine, DOPA, cysteine, histidine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, and serine. Affinity for a basic amino acid carrier system was demonstrated for arginine, ornithine, and lysine. A third, low-capacity independent carrier system transporting aspartic and glutamic acids was demonstrated. PMID- 1251919 TI - Current trends in the training of family therapists. AB - The author describes and compares training programs for family therapists at 15 centers in 9 major U.S. cities, using a scale that reflects the spectrum of theoretical approaches to family therapy. At one end of the spectrum are the centers with an experiential orientation, at the other end are those with a structural orientation, and in the middle are those which combine these orientations. He concludes that although creative theoretical advances are being made at a few of these centers, the quality and design of training at the remaining centers suffer from the absence of an adequate diagnostic nomenclature for family therapy and from an insufficiently designed conceptual framework. PMID- 1251920 TI - Crime and violence among mental patients. AB - The authors studied the arrest rates of 867 patients from the Bellevue catchment area who were discharged from the psychiatric division of Bellevue Hospital. They found that the arrest rates of these patients for two years preceding and two years following their admissions to the study were higher than the arrest rates for the general population of the Bellevue catchment area as well as those for 4,601 cities in the United States. They discuss the implications of this finding for the post discharge care of mental patients, particularly in the light of current discharge policies. PMID- 1251922 TI - Psychiatric aspects of dwarfism. AB - Sixteen adult dwarfs - 11 with achondroplasia and 5 with hypopituitarism - were studied by means of psychiatric interviews and psychological tests. There were no significant differences between the two groups; in general, the subjects had achieved a satisfactory life adjustment despite the stress of having bodies uniquely different from those of the general population. They had secure identities as "little people" and successfully used coping mechanisms such as a sense of humor and a pleasant interpersonal style. Male dwarfs tended to experience more emotional distress than female dwarfs. PMID- 1251921 TI - Cluster analysis profiles of suicide attempters. AB - The author reports the results of a three-stage cluster analysis of data on 298 patients who attempted suicide. Patients were allocated by the analysis to seven identifiable profile types that correlated with six outcome variables. These profiles include data on the social setting and the seriousness of the attempt and judgments about overall functioning and interpersonal conflict as well as the input of the patients' significant others. The author states that these profiles have prognostic significance as well as implications for the treatment of suicide attempters and the education of emotionally involved significant others. PMID- 1251923 TI - Current concepts of schizophrenia. Introduction. PMID- 1251924 TI - The interaction of social class and other factors in the etiology of schizophrenia. AB - Epidemiological evidence clearly indicates an especially high rate of schizophrenia at the lowest social class levels of urban populations. The author suggests that this relationship between class and schizophrenia exists because the conditions of life experienced by people of lower social class position foster conceptions of social reality that are so limited and rigid as to impair their ability to deal resourcefully with the problematic and the stressful. Such impairment does not in itself result in schizophrenia; however, in conjunction with genetic vulnerability and great stress, it could be disabling. PMID- 1251925 TI - Estimating the genetic contribution to schizophrenia. AB - The authors discuss the limitations of the concept of heritability in schizophrenia and, using reported incidence figures, assess two alternatives--the multifactorial and single major locus (SML) models. Both models predict genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia. For some parameter values, the SML model indicates that homozygotes are rare but at very high risk. According to the multifactorial model, 9.1% of the schizophrenic population has a genetic risk of 99% or more. The authors conclude that neither model adequately accounts for the data but that predictions from both can be used to design sampling procedures which will increase the probability of selecting for study individuals whose illness is highly genetically determined. PMID- 1251926 TI - Serum creatine phosphokinase in schizophrenia. AB - The author notes that increased serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity is found in the majority of hospitalized acutely disturbed schizophrenics and patients with affective psychoses. It is probable that some of these increases do not result from nonspecific factors such as activity, trauma, or stress, which do cause increases in some cases. Those patients who show increased CPK activity have more florid psychopathology and tend to have higher CPK levels in nonacute periods than those without increases. First-degree relatives of psychotic patients with elevated serum CPK have high-normal or slightly increased serum CPK. There is also evidence of other neuromuscular dysfunction in psychotic patients. The author concludes that the investigation of CPK may have considerable heuristic value for the study of schizophrenia and other psychoses. PMID- 1251927 TI - The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: focus on the dopamine receptor. AB - Alleviation of schizophrenic symptoms by phenothiazines and butyrophenones is associated with blockade of dopamine receptors, while exacerbation of symptoms by amphetamines appears to result from enhanced synaptic activity of dopamine and/or norepinephrine. The author suggests that biochemical labeling of the dopamine receptor with 3H-dopamine and 3H-haloperidol may clarify mechanisms of drug effects on the dopamine receptor. PMID- 1251928 TI - An opportunity to stimulate self-evaluation and learning. PMID- 1251929 TI - The educational objectives of a psychiatric residency program. AB - The authors present a statement of the specific educational objectives of their psychiatric residency program. This statement is designed to help residents keep in focus the central tasks of their training and to provide the faculty with an organizing matrix for curriculum development. Through such specific delineation of their objectives, residency programs can also contribute to a clarification of the specialty. PMID- 1251930 TI - The effect of marijuana on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The authors observed the effect of marijuana on carbohydrate metabolism in fed and fasting states in chronic marijuana users. They found no hypoglycemia in 7 patients who were given marijuana after fasting for 24-72 hours. They also found no significant difference in carbohydrate tolerance and no hypoglycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test in 10 patients who smoked placebo or marijuana on alternate days. They conclude that marijuana has no effect on carbohydrate metabolism in the fed or the fasted state in well-nourished chronic marijuana users. PMID- 1251931 TI - Joint admission as a treatment modality for problem drinkers: a case report. AB - Joint hospital admission of a married alcoholic and his/her spouse can facilitate treatment of the problem drinker. A case report illustrates the advantages of this approach in giving the staff an opportunity to observe and provide the couple with feedback about their patterns of interaction and to provide specific therapeutic interventions during the joint admission. PMID- 1251933 TI - Mania and bromism: a case report and a look to the future. AB - Mania has not been reported as a manifestation of bromism. This paper describes a manic patient who had an elevated serum bromide level. The author suggests that the possibility of bromide-induced mania should be considered when patients who manifest manic symptoms are evaluated. The implications of the bromide-mania relationship for a better understanding of manic-depressive illness are also discussed. PMID- 1251932 TI - Chronic hashish use and mental disorder. AB - The authors compared 47 long-term users of hashish with a control group of 40 subjects matched for age, ethnic origin, education, etc., in order to determine whether they differed significantly on psychiatric, physical health, and demographic variables. There was a significantly higher incidence of personality disorders, unemployment, and prison sentences in the group of chronic users. However, in contrast to the findings of other researchers, the hashish users did not have organic psychoses, nor did they differ from control subjects in neurologic signs or EEG and echo encephalogram patterns. PMID- 1251934 TI - Breaking into the prison: conducting a medical research project. AB - Three major tasks face the researcher in a medical experiment employing prisoners as experimental subjects. Understanding the nature of the subject, crossing the territorial boundary, and obtaining informed consent are prerequisites for the successful implementation of research in the prison and rely heavily on the personal integrity of the invesitgator. PMID- 1251935 TI - Letter: Certification for foreign medical graduates. PMID- 1251936 TI - Letter: Dr. Peszke replies. PMID- 1251937 TI - Letter: Convulsions following disulfiram treatment. PMID- 1251938 TI - Letter: Diabetes insipiduus and obsessional neurosis. PMID- 1251939 TI - Letter: Lithium and affective disorders associated with organic brain impairment. PMID- 1251940 TI - Editorial: Do-it-yourself pregnancy testing. The legal perspective. . . PMID- 1251941 TI - Editorial: Do-it-yourself pregnancy testing. The medical perspective. . . PMID- 1251942 TI - Editorial: Do-it-yourself pregnancy testing. . . Envoi. PMID- 1251943 TI - Editorial: The cigarette smoking/lung cancer hypothesis. PMID- 1251944 TI - An evaluation of emergency room services during the New York City house officer strike. AB - A chart audit of emergency services provided by attending staff during the New York City House Officers' strike is compared to an audit of work previously performed by house staff. The usual quality of services provided in this institution was maintained during the strike. However, deficiencies in quality noted in house staff charts, continued to be noted in the charts of attending staff. Failure to improve quality of medical records when trained staff substitute for trainees suggests that the central strike issue of poor working conditions contributes to low quality of care. PMID- 1251945 TI - State level comprehensive health planning: a retrospect. AB - A questionnaire survey of the 50 state CHP agencies and a case study of a single state CHP agency were conducted to contrast the concept of comprehensive health planning with the practice of health planning at the state level. Both the survey and the case study evidenced a substantial disparity between concept and practice. For example, the survey indicated that the following tasks had not been completed by the following percentages of the responding agencies: defining the system of interest (64%), ranking problems (50%), setting targets (74%), thoroughly analyzing intervention alternatives (71%), selecting criteria and procedures for intervention evaluations (57%). The state CHP agencies were found to be lacking in the following areas: (a) technical analyses, (b) explicitness, (c) priority setting, (d) attention to health status indices and preventive interventions, and (e) integration of planning activities. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1251946 TI - Smoking and cancer. Communication from Higgins. PMID- 1251947 TI - Smoking and cancer. Communication from Bross. PMID- 1251948 TI - Additional comments on the critical assessment of the evidence bearing on smoking as the cause of lung cancer. Communication from Sterling. PMID- 1251949 TI - Evaluation of a 'do-it-yourself' pregnancy test. PMID- 1251950 TI - An investigation of socio-psychological factors affecting infant immunization. PMID- 1251951 TI - Extramedical factors in the decision to hospitalize medical patients. AB - This study assesses the importance of extramedical factors in the decision to hospitalize medical patients. Residents in a municipal hospital's emergency room completed a questionnaire on 252 consecutive patients at the time of admission. Extramedical factors contributed to the admission decision in 54 patients (21 percent); for twenty of these patients (8 percent of total) extramedical factors were the primary reason for admission. Factors noted most frequently related to patient behavior, such as being unlikely to follow instructions, and to home situations, such as social isolation. For 16 percent of the admissions, physicians felt that treatment outside the hospital was possible if realistic alternatives existed. Results suggest that extramedical factors are important contributors to the need for hospitalization. Attempts to develop quality assurance criteria, such as in utilization review or admission certification, must take such factors into account. PMID- 1251952 TI - A preliminary study of circulating vitamins in a Puerto Rican migrant farm population in New Jersey. AB - A preliminary survey of circulating vitamin B12 biotin, folate, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, pantothenate, nicotinate, and vitamin A & B-carotene of 53 Puerto Rican migrant farm workers was undertaken. Results indicate that hypovitaminemia existed particularly for vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and vitamin A. PMID- 1251953 TI - Failure to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in certified shellfish from New England. AB - In this study, hard- and soft-shell clams harvested during a one-year period from state approved (certified) clam beds in Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island were tested for HBsAg by radioimmunoassay. HBsAg could not be detected in clam viscera. The role of bivalve mollusk ingestion in transmission of Hepatitis B remains speculative. PMID- 1251955 TI - Public health and the law. The European scene. PMID- 1251954 TI - Serosurvey of dogs for Brucella canis infection in Memphis, Tennessee. AB - Following occurrence of a rare case of human Brucella canis in Memphis, Tennessee, the free roaming and confined dog populations of that community and a similar geographical location were surveyed for B canis positivity to identify the foci of infection and to compare positivity rates. Three hundred and two dogs were sampled. Positivity was found only in free roaming dogs in both communities. It is concluded that presence of B canis positivity in free roaming dogs may pose an additional medical threat to communities, thus providing one more sound reason for controlling strays and confining dogs. PMID- 1251956 TI - Letters to the editor: The parable of the wounded man. PMID- 1251957 TI - Effect of gastric bypass on gastric secretion. AB - Gastric bypass as a 90 per cent gastric exclusion operation was used in 393 patients with massive obesity to limit food intake. Stomal ulcer has occurred in 1.8 per cent of such patients or one ulcer per 140 man years of observation. The studies of indwelling fundic pH and of gastric acid secretion from the excluded stomach indicate that acid secretion is reduced after gastric bypass but that the acid, unbuffered by food in the excluded stomach, results in a lowered gastrin secretion after a meal. Thus, gastric bypass in inhibitory to acid secretion in most morbidly obese patients who do not have known acid peptic disease. PMID- 1251958 TI - Bypass enteritis. A new complication of jejunoileal bypass for obesity. AB - Four patients who had jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity had increased frequency of diarrhea, diffuse abdominal tenderness and distention, and fever to 104 degrees F. Roentgenographic studies disclosed multiple distended loops in the bypassed bowel with few air fluid levels. Two of these patients underwent operation for suspected peritonitis from abscess or obstruction. No abscess or mechanical obstruction was found. The bypassed bowel contained many subserosal gas-filled blebs. The remaining two patients were treated with antibiotics and showed prompt improvement. "Bypass enteritis" must be considered in the postoperative period in patients undergoing surgery for morbid obesity. It responds to antibiotics and appropriate electrolyte therapy. The presumed factor is overgrowth of enteric bacteria in the distal portion of the bypassed bowel. Accurate diagnosis will obviate the need for surgical exploration to exclude peritonitis. PMID- 1251959 TI - Altered serum gastrin levels in achlorhydric states. AB - Hypergastrinemia occurs in achlorhydric states if the antrum is not diseased, and evidence has been presented that suggests that antral gastritis diminishes gastrin levels in achlorhydric patients. There is a dramatic gastrin response to calcium challenge in patients with pernicious anemia. Only minimal response was observed in patients with atrophic gastritis. Unlike the response observed in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, secretin challenge suppresses gastrin in achlorhydric states. These findings add a new dimension to the utility of serum gastrin determinations. PMID- 1251960 TI - Routine subclavian vein catheterization in abdominal surgical practice. AB - Ninety-four routine subclavian vein catheterizations in patients with abdominal surgical procedures were performed by the resident surgical staff at the Medical University of South Carolina Hospital over a ten month period. This was done primarily to have ready access to large veins during surgery and to free the patients' extremities from uncomfortable immobilization and the risk of superficial thrombophlebitis in the postoperative period. The procedure is safe, and complications can be kept to a minimum if experienced personnel place and then care for the catheter. PMID- 1251961 TI - Abdominal exploration as a diagnostic procedure. AB - Diagnostic laparotomies performed during a five and a half year period in a 400 bed hospital were reviewed. Positive findings on physical examination, laboratory results, or x-ray findings were given one point each, making possible a range of points extending from zero to three for each patient. The number of positive laparotomies (those truly diagnostic) increased in a "linear" fashion with the point rating of each patient. No patients with a zero score had a laparotomy that was diagnostic, whereas 97 per cent of those with a score of three had positive laparotomy. PMID- 1251962 TI - Fate of the retained rectum after subtotal colectomy for inflammatory disease of the colon. AB - Of forty-nine consecutive patients who underwent subtotal colectomy for inflammatory disease of the colon, 73.5 per cent required subsequent combined abdominoperineal resection of the retained rectum and only two patients had successful ileoproctostomy. For the patient whose rectum is substantially diseased along with the rest of the colon, one-stage total proctocolectomy is the preferred operation. PMID- 1251963 TI - Abdominal pain. An analysis of 1,000 consecutive cases in a University Hospital emergency room. AB - In the majority of patients in this series of 1,000, acute abdominal pain was due to conditions that required neither surgical intervention nor hospitalization. Eleven of the 1,000 patients had an early missed diagnosis in the emergency clinic for which a subsequent operation was needed, and twenty underwent an operation which subsequent diagnosis showed was not required. All false-negative evaluations occurred in patients with early appendicitis or small bowel obstruction. Most false-positive results were due to acute infections of the female genitourinary tract in patients operated on to exclude appendicitis or a tubo-ovarian abscess. The following factors help identify the high risk patient with an acute surgical abdomen: (1) pain for less than 48 hours; (2) pain followed by vomiting; (3) guarding and rebound tenderness on physical examination; (4) advanced age; (5) a prior surgical procedure. The presence of these features demands careful evaluation and a liberal policy of admission and observation. White blood cell counts, body temperature, and abnormal abdominal roentgenograms may add confirmatory evidence but are not particularly helpful as screening devices. PMID- 1251964 TI - Ileal loop ureteroileostomy in patients with neurogenic bladder. Personal experience with 54 patients. AB - (1) In a six year experience with ileal loops in patients with neurogenic bladder, 49% of the patients were paralyzed, 30% had multiple sclerosis, and 91% had recurrent or persistent urinary tract infection. Reflux, incontinence, retention, and bladder calculi were additional indications for supravesical urinary diversions. (2) All loops were performed in a similar manner, most of them placed retroperitoneally, and a vigorous program of postoperative care was followed. There were no postoperative deaths, and a moderate number of complications occurred in 51.8% of the patients. (3) The participation of the enterostomal therapist is the preparation of the patient and in the immediate and long-term stomal care has been invaluable and is strongly recommended. PMID- 1251965 TI - Transcystic duct operative cholangiography. Personal experiences with 500 consecutive cases. AB - Of 500 consecutive cholecystectomy patients, sixty-nine had clinical indications for common bile duct exploration and twenty-nine of these yielded stones for an overall accuracy rate of 42%. Of the 431 remaining patients, thirty-six demonstrated abnormal cholangiograms and in these, twenty-six yielded stones within the common duct, representing and incidence of 6% of unsuspected stones. Of the total series of 500 patients, sixty-one showed cholangiographic indications for common duct exploration and fifty were positive for stones for an overall accuracy of 82%. The overall incidence of common duct stone recovery was 11%. It is concluded that transcystic duct operative cholangiography should be performed routinely during cholecystectomy when feasible. PMID- 1251967 TI - Hepatography. AB - A method of hepatography in dogs is described in which contrast medium is infused via the external jugular and superior and inferior venae cavae and hepatic veins. Hepatograms taken by infusing different contrast media in the normal liver and in the liver subjected to parenchymatous damage are also analyzed in detail. PMID- 1251966 TI - Gallbladder disease in the young male. AB - Eighteen of 2,614 patients undergoing cholecystectomy in two large general hospitals were males between the ages of two and twenty years. The great majority presented with a typical symptoms of cholecystitis. Ten of the eighteen had idiopathic cholelithiasis, with no predisposing factors generally associated with an increased incidence of this disease. This diagnosis must be kept in mind in dealing with patients of this age group. PMID- 1251968 TI - Improving trends with pancreatoduodenectomy. AB - This paer stresses the complete change in outlook associated with pancreatoduodenectomy at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital since 1963, the year that marks the implementation of step-wise surgical principles espoused by Newton regarding the performance of pancreatoduodenectomy with the minimizing of morbidity and mortality factors. Since 1963 only one hospital death has occurred at Ellis Fishcel State Cancer Hospital after pancreatoduodenectomy and this case was atypical. PMID- 1251969 TI - Intraluminal, lymph node, hepatic, and serum levels after intraluminal and intramural injection of 5-fluorouracil in the dog colon. AB - The tissue levels of 2-14C 5-fluorouracil were compared after three routes of administration in the colon of fifteen dogs. "Simple" submucosal injection resulted in higher levels in the colonic wall, abdominal lymph nodes, and liver than did rapid intravenous injection. Intraluminal administration demonstrated that the appearance of 5-FU was prompt and that significantly higher levels continued in the colonic wall and liver, but nodal levels were markedly lower. PMID- 1251970 TI - The psychological effect of restorative dentistry. PMID- 1251971 TI - Case report: scleroderma. PMID- 1251972 TI - Primary neurogenic sarcomas of the oral region: a report of two cases. PMID- 1251973 TI - Outpatient sedation and general anesthesia. PMID- 1251974 TI - Periodontosis in three siblings--a case report. PMID- 1251975 TI - Studies on the biochemical basis of the Marfan syndrome--a review. PMID- 1251976 TI - The incidence of cancer in Alabama--an estimate based on observed rates from the Birmingham area. PMID- 1251977 TI - Industrial arsine poisoning: report of three cases. PMID- 1251978 TI - National health planning: analysis of a new approach. PMID- 1251979 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B among housestaff. PMID- 1251980 TI - A study of the turnover of Alabama's physician force--trends in geographic distribution. PMID- 1251981 TI - Heredity of schizophrenia. PMID- 1251982 TI - Hypobaric versus hyperbaric spinal anesthesia in geriatric surgery. PMID- 1251983 TI - Recommendations of the Governor's Medical Malpractice Insurance Commission--a positive view. PMID- 1251984 TI - Malpractice crises and commissions--counterpoint. PMID- 1251985 TI - [Asthmatic status caused by ampicillin]. PMID- 1251986 TI - [Intolerance to aspirin]. PMID- 1251987 TI - Computer controlled muscle relaxation: a comparison of four muscle relaxants in the sheep. AB - Computer control of anaesthesia has been extended to include muscle relaxant drugs. Injection of d-tubocurarine, gallamine, alcuronium or pancuronium was controlled by computer to reduce the integrated electromyogram to a preset level (40 per cent of control) for one hour. A programmed level of muscle paralysis is therefore possible for use in physiological and pharmacological experiments, and in clinical practice where precise control of the degree of paralysis together with minimal dosage is advantageous. PMID- 1251988 TI - The establishment of a mobile intensive care unit. PMID- 1251989 TI - Continuous flush system for radial artery cannulation. AB - A prospective study of 50 radial artery cannulations was carried out using the Intraflo continuous flushing device. Functional patency was maintained in all cannulations. No serious complications were seen. It is concluded that this method of continuous flushing is preferable to intermittent manual flushing. PMID- 1251990 TI - Computer controlled studies in surface cooling hypothermia: the effect of carbon dioxide on brain temperature. AB - A computer controlled ventilation system was employed to maintain a constant end expired CO2 percentage (FECO2) during a series of studies on young dogs aimed at measuring brain temperature differences during surface cooling hypothermia. The conclusion is that an FECO2 of six per cent or more is desirable if brain temperature differences are to be minimized. Additional experiments showed that ethyl alcohol and sodium nitroprusside infusions during cooling did not decrease brain temperature differences. PMID- 1251991 TI - The effect of halothani-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and spontaneous ventilation on arterial blood oxygenation and physiological deadspace. AB - Arterial blood, inspired and expired gas samples were taken from seven patients anaesthetized with halothane (1-2 per cent) and nitrous oxide in oxygen and who breathed spontaneously. Over a two hour period, the average arterial oxygen tension was 75 mm Hg and carbon dioxide tension 49 mm Hg. No significant deterioration of either blood gas value occurred during the two hours. The dead space/tidal volume ratio and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference did not alter significantly during the period of the study. PMID- 1251992 TI - Editorial: Mobile intensive care. PMID- 1251993 TI - Editorial: Venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. PMID- 1251994 TI - The fat embolism syndrome, results of a therapeutic regime. AB - Results of a therapeutic regime for the fat embolism syndrome are presented. The basis of this regime is to prevent hypoxia by use of oxygen and if necessary intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Prophylactic oxygen therapy in patients likely to develop the fat embolism syndorme is suggested. PMID- 1251995 TI - A clinician's view of professorial departments of anaesthetics--the P-M effects. PMID- 1251996 TI - Six unusual cases of drug overdose. AB - Six patients out of a total of 1,137 adults treated for drug overdose died during the period May, 1968 to June, 1973. Their case histories are summarized, and the conclusion drawn that, whilst death from drug overdose is unusual, increased vigilance particularly for the unsuspected secondary diagnosis or complication, is needed if there is to be any further reduction in the already small mortality rate. PMID- 1251998 TI - Solubility and partial pressure: a simple demonstration of their relationship. AB - This simple apparatus demonstrates that when a quantity of volatile agent is added to a solvent system the partial pressure exerted is inversely proportional to the solubility of the agent in the solvent. PMID- 1251997 TI - Case report: orphenadrine overdose cerebral manifestations treated with physostigmine. PMID- 1251999 TI - A new disposable nerve block needle. PMID- 1252000 TI - Letter: Bilateral spread of analgesia with interscalene brachial plexus block. PMID- 1252001 TI - High-resolution gas chromatography of plasma steroidal hormones and their metabolites. PMID- 1252002 TI - N-permethylation of polyamines for gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses. PMID- 1252003 TI - Use of trapped water as a chemical ionization agent in mass spectrometric analysis of environmental air samples. PMID- 1252004 TI - Plasma emission detection of chlorinated pesticides in inert matrices. PMID- 1252005 TI - Fluorescence measurements of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(e)pyrene in water. PMID- 1252006 TI - Colorimetric assay for aromatic amines. PMID- 1252007 TI - Lead determination in airborne particulate matter by proton activation analysis. PMID- 1252008 TI - Rapid photochemical decomposition of organic mercury compounds in natural water. PMID- 1252009 TI - Determination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in marine organisms. PMID- 1252010 TI - Optically transparent thin layer electrode for anaerobic measurements on redox enzymes. PMID- 1252011 TI - The application of electrodeposition techniques to flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Part III. The determination of cadmium in urine. PMID- 1252012 TI - Multielement photon activation analysis of biological materials. PMID- 1252013 TI - The growth of the chick retina after hatching. AB - In autoradiographs of the retina from two-week old chicks injected with tritiated thymidine during the first week after hatching, the labelled cells were found mainly in the extreme periphery of the retina and the ciliary epithelium of the pars plana. The pattern of labelling in the extreme periphery resembles that observed (Fujita and Horii, '63) in retinae exposed to tritiated thymidine during embryonic development. The mechanisms underlying the histogenesis of retinal cells during growth at the extreme periphery in young stages may be the same as those which operate during embryonic devolopment. PMID- 1252015 TI - Cellular mechanisms involved in cyclic stromal renewal of the uterus. I. The opossum, Didelphis virginiana. AB - At the close of a uterine cycle, the remodelling of the endometrial stroma of the North American opossum involves removal of extracellular material by macrophages. This study provides cytochemical and ultrastructural evidence which indicates that the laden macrophages are eliminated from the endometrium through emigration across the glandular and luminal epithelia. During diestrus or the early postpartum period, the abundant uterine glands relinguish their secretory function to acquire a transient function in the transportation of emigrating stromal cells. During the first three postpartum days endometrial regression in the stroma is marked by sudden appearance of monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Ultrastructural and cytochemical evidence indicates that the macrophages engulf the extracellular macromolecular material which, in the opossum, consists primarily of ground substance. Macrophages filled with ingested extracellular material aggregated beneath the glandular and luminal epithelia, where they acquire an extracellular coat that resembles the material of the basal lamina elsewhere. A fibroblast-like cell closely invests the macrophage at the time the extracellular material appears. Simultaneously, the secretory glandular epithelium is being converted to a highly ciliated one. Macrophages, often accompanied by lymphocytes, acquire intraepithelial positions in the glands. From here these stromal cells gain entrance to the glandular lumens. At this time the luminal contents are rich in acid phosphatase activity which most likely reflects the high lysosomal content of the emigrating macrophages. Evidence suggests that these intraluminal macrophages and lymphocytes are swept, by the recently differentiated ciliary lining, toward the glandular orifices and into the uterine cavity. It is hypothesized that this cyclic appearance and transepithelial elimination of macrophages is a cellular mechanism for removing large amounts of extracellular material without disruption of the endometrium. PMID- 1252014 TI - Cellular mechanisms involved in cyclic stroma renewal of the uterus. III. Cells of the immune response. AB - The principal cell types associated with the humoral immune response (monocyte macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) are numerous in the endometrial stroma of the uterus during the first four postpartum days in two types of mammals, the marsupial North America opossum and the eutherian albino rat. This transietn cellular differentiation coincides with the physiologic period of rapid uterine regression which includes massive reduction in the amount of extracellular stromal material. In addition, heterophils and eosinophils, cell types also known to be associated with phagocytic and immunologic activity, appear in the stroma during the first two postpartum days; their presence may, however, be associated more directly with the postpartum estrus that occurs on day 1 postpartum than with endometrial regression. Thus, the five cell types, which are known in pathologic conditions to be components present in the inflammatory response to a foreign antigen, are conspicuously present in the normal regressing endometrium. Furthermore, there is ample ultrastructural evidence of frequent macrophagic-lymphocytic interaction, transformation of lymphocytes, and active secretion by plasma cells during this early postpartum period. An hypothesis has been derived by uniting this new description of endometrial stromal cell differentiation with the existing literature on uterine collagenase activity, an important feature of postpartum regression (reviews of Gross, '74; Harris and Krane, '74). It is based on the assumption that during regression the extracellular action of neutral collagenase (and possibly other extracellular proteases) release new antigenic sites in proteins located in the ground substance. In the case of collagenase, these transient antigenic sites would arise at the locus of enzymic cleavage as well as from the subsequent denaturation of the fragments of the collagen molecule. This endogenous antigenic stimulus would be strong and temporary, and would lead to the cellular manifestations of the transient humoral immunologic response which are evident in the regressing stroma of these two mammals. This humoral immune reaction may be one of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the cyclic renewal of the extracellular compartment of the uterine stroma. PMID- 1252016 TI - The fine structure of the interhemal membrane of the rat chorioallantoic placenta during prolonged pregnancy. AB - In placentas from viable rat fetuses which surgically had been retained beyond term in lactating animals for as long as four days, the fine structure of much of the interhemal membrane was quite like that of full-term placentas. Moreover, contrary to what has been reported previously (Jollie, '64a), in retained placentas which were autopsied at term there were few changes in the four cytoplasmic layers of the membrane which could be interpreted as degenerative. With prolongation of the placenta beyond normal delivery the number of pericytes which were associated with the allantoic endothelium increased; the basal lamina separating the endothelium from trophoblast III progressively became more focally split; and the apposed plasma membranes between this latter layer and trophoblast II appeared to dissociate. Trophoblast II became regionally divided in its cytoplasmic organization, its more superficial zone becoming highly infolded and/or vacuolar. As a consequence, the intertrophoblastic space between layers I and II became more extensive and complex. Within this space, a flocculent material appeared; and there was ultrastructural evidence of massive pinocytosis from the space by trophoblast II. With increased prolongation of gestation, a variety of lysosome-like inclusions appeared within this layer of the membrane. PMID- 1252017 TI - Comparative ultrastructural analysis of two tortoise bladders, Testudo graeca and Geochelone carbonaria. AB - Urinary bladders from the desert tortoises, Testudo graeca and Geochelone carbonaria were removed at specific times during the year and species in all bladders examined: (1) granular cells, (2) mitochondria-rich cells, and (3) basal cells. Cells analogous to these three types have also been observed in amphibian bladders (from toad Bufo marinus and bullfrog, Rana catesbiana) and reptilian bladders (from Pseudemys scripta and Clemmys caspica). Both tortoises have an incomplete layer of basal cells so that the granular and mitochondria-rich cells extend from the lumen to the basement membrane: something was not observed in bladders from bullfrog or turtles. A flask-shaped light cell was observed in the Geochelone carbonaria bladder obtained in April. No counterpart of this cell was seen in the same species sacrificed in January, or in any of the Testudo graeca bladders, although a similar cell has been described in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta (Rosen, Expt. Molec. Path., 12: 286-296, '70). This study was undertaken to characterize the cell types present in tortoise bladder and to compare them with cell types in the bladder of the turtle, bullfrog and toad. PMID- 1252018 TI - Editorial views: Familiarity as a basis for the practice of anesthesiology. PMID- 1252019 TI - Airway closure during mechanical ventilation. AB - A nitrogen-dilution technique for measurement of airway closing volumes (CV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) not requiring subject cooperation was tested in five healthy, awake, spontaneously breathing subjects and subsequently used in 20 patients during anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Incomplete exhalation before inhalation of oxygen did not significantly alter CV. Inspiration of a volume of oxygen equal to 75 per cent of vital capacity (VC) did not affect CV, whereas inspiration to 50 percent VC resulted in a 20 per cent decrease in CV. Expiratory resistance tended to reduce CV. By means of this technique, the validity of which had been thus demonstrated, airway closure could be shown to occur at lung volumes larger than FRC (and thus within a normal tidal volume) in six patients prior to anesthesia, and in a further 11 (total 17 of 20) during anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. FRC decreased by an average of 0.5 liters during anesthesia with mechanical ventilation and was only 0.2 liters above residual volume. Significant hypoxemia was observed in association with airway closure. PMID- 1252020 TI - Gestational differences in lidocaine toxicity in the fetal lamb. AB - Effects of lidocaine on arterial pressure, heart rate and electrocortical activity were studied in nine fetal lambs at 0.77 to 0.92 gestation (116 to 138 days of gestation; term in sheep is 150 days). Lidocaine was administered into a fetal femoral vein either as a continuous infusion or as a bolus injection. Epileptiform activity was observed in all fetuses both after continuous infusion and after bolus injection of lidocaine. Fetal arterial concentrations of lidocaine at the time of the first epileptiform discharge during continuous infusion ranged from 6.9 to 40.0 mug/ml, and correlated negatively with gestational age (Y equals -1.727 x +242.7; r equals -0.94). The increases in fetal mean arterial pressure during epileptiform bursts correlated directly with the gestational age (Y equals 1.27 x -150.0; r equals 0.91). The convulsive doses of lidocaine injected as a bolus ranged from 8.0 to 34.1 mg/kg, and correlated negatively with gestational age (Y equals -0.991 x +144.9; r equals -0.88). The increased sensitivity to lidocaine of the fetal central nervous system with advancing gestation probably reflects differences in fetal brain development. The increase in cardiovascular responses to epileptiform activity with advancing gestation could be related to differences either in the strength of epileptiform discharges or in permeability of the blood-brain barrier to lidocaine, or to immaturity of the autonomic nervous supply to the cardiovascular system in young fetuses. PMID- 1252021 TI - Acupuncture analgesia and radiant-heat pain: a signal-detection analysis. AB - Responses to radiant-heat stimulation to the back of the hand were obtained during baseline conditions and during acupuncture sessions. Signal-detection methodology and analysis were used to determine whether acupuncture affects d' (changes physiologic processes) relative to pain report. A binary rather than a rating-scale procedure was used to obtain more accurate measures of sensitivity. Results indicated that acupuncture decreased sensitivity only at intensity levels that were never described as painful. PMID- 1252022 TI - Failure of nitrous oxide to inhibit transformation of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin. AB - Nitrous oxide, in an incubator concentration of 70%, failed to inhibit nuclear enlargement of lymphocytes stimulated to transform by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). PMID- 1252023 TI - Hydroxocobalamin therapy of cyanide intoxication in guinea pigs. AB - The efficacy of hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a) as a specific, nontoxic antidote in acute cyanide poisoning was tested. Guinea pigs receiving lethal intravenous NaCN injections were treated with either vitamin B12a or saline solution. There was a statistically significant antidotal effect of the vitamin. No toxic effect was observed with large doses of the vitamin. PMID- 1252024 TI - Anesthetic management of the Prader--Willi syndrome. PMID- 1252025 TI - Effects of position and uterine displacement on spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 1252026 TI - Delayed asthmatic response following occupational exposure to enflurane. PMID- 1252027 TI - Obstruction of bacterial filters by edema fluid. PMID- 1252028 TI - Percutaneous catheterization of the internal jugular vein in infants and children. PMID- 1252029 TI - Ethylene oxide degassing of rubber and plastic materials. PMID- 1252030 TI - A device for the removal of waste anesthetic gases from the extracorporeal oxygenator. PMID- 1252031 TI - Letter: Blood replacement for cesarean section. PMID- 1252032 TI - Letter: Data added to published report. PMID- 1252033 TI - [Sinusoid artery of the colon, an important angiographic sign]. PMID- 1252034 TI - [The essential in cerebral vascular accidents: hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism]. PMID- 1252035 TI - Cytomorphological variations and blood histamine in bronchial asthma. AB - The absolute counts on basophil and eosinophil leucocytes, percentage of vacuolated eosinophil cells and whole blood histamine were determined in 30 controls and 34 patients with bronchial asthma. The basophil counts rose from the quiescent to pre-attack stage and then fell in the acute stage of bronchial asthma. The eosinophil counts, the percentage of vacuolated eosinophils and the blood histamine content increased significantly during an asthmatic attack. An attack of bronchial asthma was precipitated if the blood histamine rose to or above 200 ng/ml or a 50% rise occurred from its quiescent level. The inter relationship between cytomorphological variations and blood histamine content in various stages of bronchial asthma is discussed. PMID- 1252036 TI - IgE-mediated adverse reactivity to a radiographic contrast medium. AB - In a patient with a previous history of a serious reaction after intravenous injection of the cholangiographic agent ioglycamic acid (Bilivistan), intravenous cholangiography appeared to be necessary. Therefore intradermal tests were performed in the patient and four controls with three radiographic contrast media closely related in chemical structure. In addition a Prausnitz-Kustner test with heated and unheated patient serum was performed. These tests demonstrated the presence in this patient of selective immediate-type reactivity to ioglycamic acid which was probably IgE mediated. Intravenous cholangiography with iodipamide seemed justified and resulted in no adverse reactions. Although this case may be exceptional, the results suggest that intradermal skin tests at proper concentrations may be useful in choosing the administration of radiographic contrast medium to patients with a history of prior adverse reactions. PMID- 1252037 TI - The effects of propranolol on the bronchoconstriction by histamine, acetyl-beta methylcholine and anaphylaxis in inbred guinea pigs in vivo. AB - Propranolol enhanced the anaphylaxis reaction more than the reaction to histamine and mecholyl in inbred strain guinea pigs. These results suggest the presence of beta receptors on mast cells and that there are genetic differences in the reaction to mediators and antigens among these strains of guinea pigs. PMID- 1252038 TI - Eosinophils and the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. AB - The level of blood eosinophils was studied in patients with adrenalectomy and/or hypophysectomy and in patients with asthma and eosinophilia. In the latter group was a patient who had asthma associated with hypopituitarism, which is cited in detail. It is concluded that blood eosinophils are independent from the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 1252039 TI - Treatment of allergy to house dust with pyridine-extracted alum-precipitated extracts of the house dust mite. AB - Two preliminary trials in which patients with respiratory allergy to the house dust mite were treated with pyridine-extracted alum-precipitated extracts of house dust mites are described. In the first, using an extract of D. farinae, twenty-two of twenty-eight asthmatic patients improved. In the second, using an extract of D. pteronyssinus, fifteen of eighteen asthmatic patients improved. PMID- 1252040 TI - Simple extraction and bioassay of the female sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri. PMID- 1252041 TI - Respiratory disorders and allergy skin-test reactions. AB - This study examines the relations of allergy skin-test reactivity, assessed by prick testing, to a variety of respiratory symptoms, findings, and diagnoses in a general population sample consisting of more than 3000 subjects. The independent and combined relations of skin-test reactivity and cigarette smoking are reported. Prevalences of asthma and allergic rhinitis are closely related to the severity of skin-test reactions; all of the 39 subjects with the largest skin test reactions observed have had one or both of these conditions. A variety of other respiratory findings, not generally considered allergic in nature, are also related to skin-test reactivity, especially in children and in young to middle aged adults. In subjects 15 to 54 years of age, an atopic predisposition, as manifested by reactions to allergy skin tests, appears to be associated with an increased susceptibility to the bronchoconstrictor effects of cigarette smoking and to recurrent chest infections. It is suggested that an atopic predisposition relatively early in life may be a risk factor for the later development of chronic obstructive lung diseases. PMID- 1252042 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis, increased platelet aggregation, and hypercholesterolemia. AB - Two young patients presented with an unusual liver disease, granulomatous hepatitis with postnecrotic cirrhosis, and both underwent a splenorenal shunt procedure. Each developed an arterial embolic episode probably related to increased platelet aggregation. This represents the first report of a liver disease associated with increased platelet aggregation that was clinically significant, a myocardial infarction in one and a posterior cerebral infarction in the other. Also, unexpectedly, both patients became hypercholesterolemic after the splenorenal shunt was established. PMID- 1252043 TI - Use of a computer to detect and respond to clinical events: its effect on clinician behavior. AB - A computer was used to prospectively detect and suggest responses to simple, medication-related events as reflected in a computerized record in a prospective, randomized study of a diabetes clinic with primary-care responsibility. There were two categories of event/suggestions: when the last observation of a test required for medication control was too old, the computer suggested a repeat; and when an abnormality with therapeutic implications was detected, the computer suggested a specific change in therapeutics. Clinicians responded to 36% of events in the first category with computer reminders and 11% without (P less than 0.0001); they responded to 28% of events in the second category with computer assistance and 13% without (P less than 0.026). For the most clinically significant of these second category events, the difference was even greater: 47% with and 4% without computer assistance (P less than 0.0004). I believe that computer detection and response (in the form of reminders) to simple clinical events will change clinician behavior. PMID- 1252044 TI - Periodic apnea, exercise hypoventilation, and hypothalamic dysfunction. AB - Periodic apnea and exercise hypoventilation were observed in a 14-year-old boy. Hyperphagia, obesity, serum hyperosmolality without diabetes insipidus or appropriate thirst, and retardation of growth and sexual development indicated a hypothalamic disorder. Neurologic evaluation was normal except for electroencephalographic changes induced by apnea. Pulmonary function tests, resting arterial blood gases in the wakeful state, and ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 were also normal. Acute hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis occurred with apnea during sleep and with insufficient ventilation during exercise. The central origin of sleep apneas was shown by esophageal pressure monitoring. The hypothalamic dysfunction and exercise hypoventilation distinguish this patient from others with obesity and periodic apnea. PMID- 1252045 TI - Letter: Immune-complex nephritis in mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 1252046 TI - Letter: Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome with metastatic melanoma: Remission after treatment with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4 carboxamide (DTIC). PMID- 1252048 TI - Letter: Financing basic research at the community level: A review model. PMID- 1252047 TI - Letter: Lipoid pneumonia with lipoid granulomata in scalene node. PMID- 1252049 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: the United Kingdom and the United States. PMID- 1252050 TI - Letter: Propranolol, digoxin, and angina pectoris. PMID- 1252051 TI - Letter: Digoxin and propranolol therapy for angina pectoris. PMID- 1252052 TI - Letter: Addicted physicians. PMID- 1252053 TI - Letter: Isoproterenol and electrocardiographic findings. PMID- 1252055 TI - Letter: More on Gilder's South Africa. PMID- 1252054 TI - Letter: Heparin therapy in Coumadin breast necrosis. PMID- 1252056 TI - Letter: Jimson weed poisoning. PMID- 1252058 TI - Letter: Patient simulating chest pain. PMID- 1252057 TI - Letter: Scanning for pulmonary calcification. PMID- 1252059 TI - Separation and relative quantitation of lipoproteins by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. PMID- 1252060 TI - Some ionic and dilution effects in the measurement of urinary oestrogens in pregnancy. AB - The estimation of oestrogen in aqueous solutions and pregnancy urines using an automated procedure is affected by the presence of certain ions, and by dilution. These effects have been studied by calculating regression equations from the values obtained with urines to which ions have been added with and without urine dilution. The results suggest that the ionic effect is chemical rather than physical and that there is no advantage in including a predilution step in the analysis. Other means of removing the ionic effects have so far proved unsuccessful. PMID- 1252061 TI - Quality control of serum alkaline phosphatase assays: project report and discussion of some factors affecting the assay. AB - The factors which affect the standardisation and quality control of serum alkaline phosphatase assays are discussed. A quality control project was designed to test the performance of seven Birmingham laboratories in the assay of sera with alkaline phosphatase activities outside the range normally tested by the National Quality Control and Wellcome schemes. The results showed that the precision of individual laboratories was satisfactory. Differences between the results of the laboratories were considerable and could be accounted for by differences in methodology. Auto-Analyzer methods employing phenyl phosphate as substrate would best be standardised by adopting the optimised reaction conditions of Buch and Buch (1939); but the borate buffer of these authors should be replaced by the carbonate-bicarbonate buffer of Moss et al. (1971). To avoid the confusion which may arise in future if alkaline phosphatases are reported in U/l irrespective of the substrate, it is suggested that some substrate- indicative nomenclature may be advisable. PMID- 1252063 TI - The ultrastructure of striated muscle. AB - Striated muscle is a tissue in which the major cytoplasmic components are spatially arranged to produce directional motion. This orientation is seen at all levels of structure, beginning with the molecular placement of characteristic proteins into 2 dissimilar types of filaments, and proceeding ultimately to the alignment of muscle fibers in the heart or an anatomically defined skeletal muscle. Generation of contractile force is accomplished by the enzymatic interaction of the 2 dissimilar protein filaments, which results ultimately in the utilization of energy (in the form of adenosine triphosphate) and the production of directional motion. PMID- 1252062 TI - Recent advances with thyrocalcitonin. AB - Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone similar, but not identical, in structure from fish to man. Mammals produce the hormone in non follicular thyroidal "C-cells" which can be identified visually using recently developed immunocytochemical methods. Although TCT exerts effects on the gut and kidney, bone seems to be the primary target tissue. The ability of TCT to restrict calcium fluxes from bone to blood and to inhibit bone resorption explains its utility for treating certain metabolic bone diseases, e.g. Paget's disease. The bone effects also account for the ability of TCT to combat a hypercalcemic challenge. Recent work suggests close relationships and a possible closed-loop feedback system between the gut and thyroid. In animals, gastrin is a potent TCT secretagogue; studies in man indicate that TCT, in turn, can effect gastric acid secretion and intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes. This gastrin-TCT relationship may help control levels of blood calcium during intestinal absorption of calcium following feeding. The ability of gastrin to stimulate TCT release has been applied clinically for the early diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a C-cell tumor. Subclinical or questionable cases of MTC have been identified reliably using a simple, rapid provocative test involving pentagastrin injection and evaluation of blood samples by radioimmunoassay for elevated levels of TCT. PMID- 1252064 TI - Cytology of cerebrospinal fluid: technical and diagnosis considerations. AB - The usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the diagnosis of malignancy has been enhanced in recent years by the development of new techniques for increasing cellular yield. Micropore filters and a specially adapted cytocentrifuge have been used for this purpose with a resulting increase in cell concentration and in diagnostic accuracy. Cerbrospinal fluid examination has been found to be of particular value in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma, lymphomatous and leukemic involvement of the meninges and certain primary central nervous system tumors. Cytologic criteria for the differential diagnosis of the principal types of tumors encountered in cerebrospinal fluid are discussed. PMID- 1252065 TI - Advances in the detection of amino acids in biological fluids. AB - New methods and modifications of existing methods for the determination of amino acids in biological fluids are reviewed. The application of classical ion exhcange, gas chromatography, and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology in the clinical biochemistry laboratory are examined and the advantages and disadvantages are noted for these techniques. PMID- 1252066 TI - Tired blood and rusty livers. AB - Iron deficiency is one of the most serious nutritional problems confronting the United States and the world today. An understanding of the mechanisms operative in the control of uptake and utilization of iron is essential to develop suitable prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Iron excess can also be a serious health hazard. Studies on Bantu siderosis, hemochromatosis and other overload pathologies also provide insight into the intake and storage of this metal. Several models for iron transport across the mucosal membrane are developed. The most satisfactory seems to involve chelation of the iron to provide solubility diffusion passively across the gut membrane, and equilibrium binding to various storage sites within the tissue. Both ferric and ferrous forms are available. The solution chemistry of iron governs its biological behavior. Low-molecular-weight compounds present in normal dietary foodstuffs, as well as those prepared synthetically, can enhance the uptake of oral iron. Suitable application of complexes of iron with fructose, nitrilotriacetate, citrate and other molecules should be efficacious in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Potential dangers of food fortification with iron are acknowledged, and application of immunoassay techniques for measuring circulating ferritin suggest it as a rapid and inexpensive monitor for overload. PMID- 1252067 TI - Determination of erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate by liquid chromatography. AB - A method for measuring erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate utilizing anion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography is described. The method is not subject to interferences inherent in methods involving hexokinase or the firefly system. The method is highly sensitive, reproducible and rapid. Adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate can also be analyzed if desired. PMID- 1252068 TI - Sensitive fluorometric assay for proteins: use of fluorescamine and membrane filters. PMID- 1252069 TI - Histone-DNA interactions in erythrocyte chromatin. PMID- 1252070 TI - Changing patterns of placental hexokinase isozymes during the course of gestation. PMID- 1252072 TI - Phosphate-dependent glutaminase from rat kidney. Cause of increased activity in response to acidosis and identity with glutaminase from other tissues. PMID- 1252071 TI - Hydrophobic chromatography of galactosyltransferase. PMID- 1252073 TI - Interaction of the low molecular weight form of elongation factor 1 with guanine nucleotides and aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 1252074 TI - Dissociation of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in mammalian cells deprived of potassium. PMID- 1252075 TI - The mechanism of the activity-dependent luminescence of xanthine oxidase. PMID- 1252076 TI - On lysosomal fragility and induction of liver hexose-monophosphate dehydrogenases in the fasted-refed rat. PMID- 1252077 TI - Relationship of phosphoenolpyruvate transport, acyl coenzyme A inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocase and calcium ion efflux in guinea pig heart mitochondria. PMID- 1252078 TI - On the effect of inhibitors of transcription and translation on RNA and protein synthesis by isolated rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1252079 TI - Effect of phospholipid removal on the kinetics of the metarhodopsin I to metarhodopsin II reaction. PMID- 1252080 TI - Comparison of free and ribosome-bound phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1252081 TI - Purification and characterization of beef liver dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 1252082 TI - Synthesis of soluble, thylakoid, and envelope membrane proteins by spinach chloroplasts purified from gradients. PMID- 1252083 TI - Identification of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase as a product of wheat leaf cytoplasmic ribosomes. PMID- 1252084 TI - Isolation and cell-free translation of immunoglobulin messenger RNA. PMID- 1252085 TI - Denaturation of cytochrome b5 by guanidine hydrochloride: evidence for independent folding of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of the cytochrome molecule. PMID- 1252086 TI - The electron transport to nitrogenase in Mycobacterium flavum. AB - 1. Two ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur proteins have been isolated from Mycobacterium flavum 301 grown under nitrogen-fixing, iron-sufficient conditions. No flavodoxin was observed. 2. These ferredoxins are apparently soluble: they were present in the supernatant fraction after disrupting by decompression. Only small amounts were present in particulate fractions. 3. The two ferredoxins were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex or electrophoresis. 4. Both ferredoxins mediated the transfer of electrons from illuminated spinach chloroplasts to a nitrogenase preparation to reduce acetylene. Ferredoxin II was specifically about five times more active than ferredoxin I. Ferredoxin II was also active in the photosynthetic NADP+-reduction whereas ferredoxin I was not. 5. Both ferredoxins were reversibly reduced by either sodium dithionite, illuminated spinach chloroplasts or hydrogen plus hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum. 6. Attempts to determine the primary electron donor for nitrogen fixation in Mycobacterium flavum were unsuccessful. Acetylene reduction in Mycobacterium extracts was obtained only with sodium dithionite or illuminated spinach chloroplasts as electron donors. The reduction of the electron carrier (e.g. ferredoxin) rather than the transfer of electrons from the reduced carrier to nitrogenase was rate-limiting. PMID- 1252087 TI - Anaerobic degradation of benzoate to methane by a microbial consortium. AB - A stabilized consortium of microbes which anaerobically degraded benzoate and produced CH4 was established by inoculation of a benzoate-mineral salts medium with sewage sludge; the consortium was routinely subcultured anaerobically in this medium for 3 years. Acetate, formate, H2 and CO2 were identified as intermediates in the overall conversion of benzoate to CH4 by the culture. Radioactivity was equally divided between the CH4 and CO2 from the degradation of uniformly ring-labeled [14C]benzoate. The methyl group of acetate was stoichiometrically converted to CH4. Acetate, cyclohexanecarboxylate, 2 hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate, o-hydroxybenzoic acid and pimelic acid were converted to CH4 without a lag suggesting that benzoate was degraded by a reductive pathway. Addition of o-chlorobenzoate inhibited benzoate degradation but not acetate degradation or methane formation. Two methanogenic organisms were isolated from the mixed culture; neither organism was able to degrade benzoate, showing that the methanogenic bacteria served as terminal organisms of a metabolic food chain composed of several organisms. Removal of intermediates by the methanogenic bacteria provided thermodynamically favorable conditions for benzoate degradation. PMID- 1252088 TI - Altered phospholipid metabolism in a temperature-sensitive mutant of a thermophilic bacillus. AB - The phospholipid metabolism of a temperature-sensitive mutant of a thermophilic bacillus was studied after the shift from a permissive (58 degrees C) to a restrictive (65 degrees C) growth temperature. During the short period of growth of the mutant at 65 degrees C, the proportions of cardiolipin and its 3-acyl derivative (lyso-cardiolipin) increased, and the proportions of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine decreased on cell dry weight basis. In 32P incorporation and turnover experiments, phosphatidylglycerol showed the most rapid uptake and loss of the label. Turnover of cardiolipin, limited to a short period, ceased 18 min after the shift, as did the turnover of phosphatidylethanolamine. In the absence of net phospholipid synthesis, there was a quantitative conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to cardiolipin and an increase in the proportion of lyso-cardiolipin. Chloramphenicol, added to the medium at the time of the shift, reduced the rate of phospholipid synthesis, prevented the increase in the proportions of cardiolipin and lyso-cardiolipin, and slowed the decrease in the proportions of the other two phospholipids. The results indicated a defect in the regulatory mechanism(s) of phospholipid metabolism in the mutant at the restrictive temperature. PMID- 1252089 TI - The cryopreservation of Chlorella. 1. Interactions of rate of cooling, protective additive and warming rate. AB - The cryoprotective additives glycerol and dimethylsulphoxide were found to be toxic to Chlorella cells at concentrations greater then 2.5% w/v. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, was not damaging up to a concentration of 15%w/v. Chlorella 211/7a had a recovery rate greater than 95% at all rates of cooling studied. With Chlorella 211/8h the survival was lower than 0.1% at all rates examined. The addition of dimethylsulphoxide (5% w/v) to Chlorella 211/8h increased the recovery, particularly at the faster rates of cooling; with polyvinylpyrrolidone (10% w/v) there was an optimum range of cooling rate. Cells of Chlorella 211/7a from the exponential phase of growth were found to be damaged both by a temperature reduction from 25 degrees C to 0 degrees C (thermal shock) and by freezing and thawing. In contrast cells from the stationary phase of growth were resistant to these stresses. PMID- 1252090 TI - Tubular structures of Vibrio psychroerythrus. AB - The marine bacterium Vibrio psychoerythrus, an obligate psychrophile, contains uniformly dense rod-shaped organelles 10-15 nm wide and up to 1.3 mum long. These structures were frequently seen crossing the septum of dividing cells. PMID- 1252091 TI - Physiology and fine structure of sporangiospore germination in Piptocephalis unispora prior to infection. AB - Germination of the sporangiospore of Piptocephalis unispora Benjamin, observed by means of light and electron microscopy, involved the formation of a new inner wall which became continuous with the inner layer of the wall of the germ tube. The outer wall layer of the germ tube was continuous with the original inner wall layer of the dormant spore. Preliminary details of appressorium structure were noted. Nutritional experiments indicated that sporangiospores required external sources of utilisable nitrogen and carbon compounds for maximal swelling and germ tube production. Limited development occurred when either nutrient was supplied singly. Comparison of germination of the asexual spore with that in other Mucorales, especially the Kickxellaceae, has been made, and the merosporangial status in P. unispora discussed. PMID- 1252092 TI - Society, culture, and mental disorder. AB - The central objective in this article is to effect a critical examination of these theories and hypotheses that purport to explain the process by which selected sociocultural factors make their ingression into the personality and emerge as mental symptoms and/or mental disorders. The difficulties of isolating these specific factors stem from two unresolved methodological concerns. One is the uncertainty as to whether functional mental illness can be differentiated into several qualitatively distinct syndromes or whether it forms a unity of a more generic character. The other is the failure to formulate a valid social psychological theory that can demonstrate that selected sociocultural factors contribute to the molding of a mental illness observed in the phenotype. Finally, 15 propositions summarize the factual knowledge that emerges from the several social-psychological, epidemiological, and cultural studies examined. PMID- 1252093 TI - Institutional alternatives to psychotherapy. A study of growth center users. AB - Are growth centers used as alternative institutions to traditional mental health facilities? Survey methods compared growth centers (N=426) and National Training Laboratories (N=108) participants with clinic patients (N=89). Symptoms, life stress, motivations for participation, process expectations, and various attitudes toward authority, time, and help were assessed prior to participation. Comparisons on degree of psychological distress and avowed motivation indicated that most who attend such activities do so for "psychotherapeutic purposes." Growth centers were found not to be an alternative to traditional psychotherapy, but rather an addition. Eighty percent of the growth center sample had previous or current psychotherapeutic experience. Of the people studied, most go to both rather than to one or the other, and from the perspective of the participants, the institutions do not differ greatly in what they offer, how long the process will take, or what goals will be met. PMID- 1252094 TI - A consideration of legal issues in child custody contests. Implications for change. AB - The author reviews the criteria by which courts award custody of children and determine visitation rights. In the case described there have been repeated attempts by the noncustodial father to obtain visitation and to modify custody arrangements. A review of literature pertaining to the effects of divorce on children reveals an absence of the type of empirical studies that would be most effective in influencing the courts. The practices outlined in the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act, model legislation recently approved by the american Bar Association, are discussed in relation to the case, and are not found to improve appreciably on current practice. The author suggests that the condition of children in the courts can be considerably improved by the involvement of child psychiatrists in consultation, education, and empirical research. PMID- 1252096 TI - The communication of suicidal intent. A reexamination. AB - Verbal expressions and nonverbal indicators of suicidal intent have been frequently regarded as pleas for rescue and help. We investigated the clinical and empirical significance of verbalizations of suicidal ideas, putting one's affairs in order, and previous suicide attempts as forms of "communication of suicidal intent." The patient sample consisted of 211 suicide attempters: 71 "communicators" and 140 "noncommunicators." The results indicated the following: (1) there is no clear evidence that verbal communication, final acts, and previous suicide attempts are justifiably labeled together as ways of communicating suicidal intent; (2) prior verbalization of suicidal ideation or intent bears little relationship to the extent of the wish to die experienced at the time of the suicide attempt; and (3) "talking" or "not talking" about suicidal plans may be a manifestation of personal style rather than an index of despair or hidden motives. PMID- 1252095 TI - Psychopathology in adolescence. AB - A cumulative psychiatric case register was utilized to examine patterns of psychopathology in 1,334 adolescent patients. Consistent with studies of adult patients, seriousness of disorder was weighted toward being seen in an inpatient rather than outpatient settling; schizophrenia and personality disorder were relatively more common amoung lower-class patients and neurosis and situational disorder among middle- and upper-class patients; neurosis was more commonly diagnosed among female patients, and personality disorder more commonly diagnosed among males. A ten-year follow-up revealed 54.1% reasonable diagnostic stability on subsequent contacts and 62.2% complete subsequent agreement among patients originally diagnosed as schizophrenic. Aspects of the data demonstrate continuity in adolescent and adult psychopathology, the mythical nature of "normative adolescent turmoil," and what appears to be excesive use of situational disorder in diagnosing adolescent patients. PMID- 1252097 TI - Suicide by persons with and without psychiatric contacts. AB - A two-year sample of 179 consecutive suicides in Monroe County, New York, was divided according to the presence or absence of previous psychiatric contacts based on a country-wide psychiatric case register (PCR). After a brief description of the total suicide group, the 45% of suicides with PCR contacts are compared to the suicides without such contacts and to the total PCR population. Findings suggest that there are some important differences between psychiatric patients at high risk for suicide compared to other groups. The PCR suicides were almost equally male or female, had a median age of 42 years, had high proportions of persons divorced or widowed, and unemployed or retired. Persons diagnosed as alcohol abusers, or as having affective psychosis, depressive neurosis, or schizophrenia were especially at risk. PMID- 1252098 TI - Memory functions in depression. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the memory deficit in depression, short-term memory and long-term memory were examined by means of a memory test battery in 26 hospitalized depressed patients. Their performance was compared with a matched control group and with the performance of those 20 patients who improved after 26 days of treatment with antidepressants. Results indicate that depressed patients show marked impairment in short-term memory without an impairment in long-term memory. The greater the improvement of the clinical state, the greater the improvement in short-term memory, whereas long-term memory was not influenced by the therapeutic success. PMID- 1252099 TI - Anxiety associated with exposure to organophosphate compounds. AB - Acute organophosphate poisoning is known to result in substantial behavioral abnormalities. We assessed psychiatric manifestations of exposure in workers less substantially exposed to organophosphate compounds and showing no obvious signs of toxicity. Commercial pesticide sprayers and farmers recently exposed to organophosphate agents were compared to control subjects on personality tests, a structured interview, and cholinesterase level. The commercial sprayers but not the exposed farmers showed elevated of anxiety and lower plasma cholinesterase than control subjects. Assessment of other behavioral manifestations and red blood cell cholinesterase failed to disclose other group differences. These findings are viewed as tentative until confirmed by additional study, but they point to the possibility that organophosphate compounds may produce subtle defects in workers who are not obviously toxic. The findings do not justify public alarm but do suggest an area warranting more systematic and definitive investigation. PMID- 1252100 TI - Self-enucleation and psychosis. Report of two cases and discussion. AB - We report two cases of self-enucleation and the case histories of the two schizophrenic men who carried out this drastic form of self-mutilation. In a review of the literature and consideration of the case material, it is concluded that castration fears, failure to resolve oedipal conflicts, repressed homosexual impulses, severe guilt, and self-punishment are ubiquitous phenomena in such cases. However, we conclude that psychosis, most probably schizophrenia, with a severe disturbance in body image, are necessary variables in the act of self enucleation. PMID- 1252101 TI - Analogical reasoning and postoperative outcome. Predictions for patients scheduled for open heart surgery. AB - We investigated whether postoperative outcome of open heart surgery is related to preoperative cognitive dysfunction. Patients ill enough to require open heart surgery frequently have gravely compromised circulation and, hence, possible brain damage. The Conceptual Level Analogy Test (CLAT), a new, rigorously constructed analogy test, was used to measure cognitive dysfunction. The results indicated that the CLAT, aministered preoperatively to open heart surgery patients, differentiated between patients having different types of postoperative outcome. A significant relationship between type of surgical procedure and poor postoperative outcome was also found; cardiac valvular surgery patients had significantly worse outcome than coronary bypass surgery patients. The incidence of good outcome (survival with no psychiatric complications) was 28% for cardiac valvular surgery patients with extremely poor preoperative CLAT scores, but 74% for valvular surgery patients with higher preoperative CLAT scores. PMID- 1252102 TI - [Research in photochemical synthesis of ephedrine-like compounds, II. Photodehydration of 3-amino-propiophenones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252103 TI - [Studies on 1.3-dicarbonyl compounds. 6. Anellated quinolones]. PMID- 1252104 TI - [Research in photochemical synthesis of ephedrine-like compounds, I. Photopinacolisation of 3-alkylamino-propiophenones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252105 TI - [Molecular orbital calculations as a contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of action of penicillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252106 TI - [Heterosubstituted fulvene quinones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252107 TI - [Determination of tannins with casein (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252108 TI - [Photoreactions of phthalimide mannich bases in methanol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252109 TI - [Photoreactions of nonbasic phthalimide derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252110 TI - [Photoreactions of phthalimide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252111 TI - [Metabolism and elimination in the rat of the thalidomide-like compound K-2004 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252112 TI - [Pyrano (3,2-c) quinolines]. PMID- 1252113 TI - [Transposition of dihydroisoquinolines. 24. 1-picolyl-1,2 dihydroisoquinolin, elimination instead of transposition]. PMID- 1252114 TI - Intestinal ischemia. PMID- 1252115 TI - The psychiatrist in the surgical intensive care unit. I. Postoperative delirium. AB - Delirium has been defined as a condition of cerebral insufficiency consisting of impairment of cognitive processes, with a characteristic slowing of the electroencephalographic pattern. Present also is a global "clouding" of consciousness, resulting from a potentially reversible impairment of ability to maintain attention. In these states there is usually a simultaneous diminution of the ability to think, perceive, and remember. Although drowsiness may be a part of this state, patients can be awake and yet delirious, with diminished consciousness of their surroundings. Postoperative delirium is seen more often in patients over 50 years of age, in those who are "vigilant" or overalert, and in those undergoing more complex surgery. Adverse influences in the postoperative period are certain drugs and the psychological stresses engendered by the ICU environment. Appropriate management obtains from attention to the impact of the strange enviornment on the patient. PMID- 1252116 TI - Further hazards of heparin therapy in vascular surgery. AB - Three consecutive patients were treated with heparin sodium administered intravenously for phlebitis and pulmonary embolism following abdominal aortic surgery. After the institution of heparin, hemorrhage in these patients occurred from the suture line 14 days, 18 days, and 31 days after surgery, respectively. the diagnosis was correctly made and control of the bleeding was achieved in each case. The first two patients required exploratory surgery and the third patient was treated successfully without surgical intervention. We propose that the integrity of the clot at the suture line is in dynamic balance. There is a continuous lysis and resorption of old thrombus and replacement with new clot formation until the suture line is sealed by regeneration of the new "intima". If the blood is anticoagulated by heparin, this balance is disrupted and hemorrhage may result. PMID- 1252117 TI - Septic nonsuppurative thrombophlebitis. AB - Nonsuppurative peripheral thrombophlebitis is a frequently recognized source of sepsis. Eleven patients cared for on general medical and surgical services had Gram-negative bacillary sepsis on this basis. Ten had isolation of organisms of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group from the involved peripheral vein. All failed to respond to organism-sensitive antibiotics until the involved vein was excised. After local vein excision, all patients were afebrile within 48 hours and recovered. In seven of the 11 patients, the septic phlebitis source was associated with a standard intravenous needle, and none had cutdown procedures. It is strongly emphasized that this condition is a source of life-threatening sepsis that can be treated by vein excision at the bedside. The treatment in our patients resulted in no morbidity. A high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose this occult source of sepsis because of the minimal local physical signs. PMID- 1252118 TI - Early age of onset in familial breast cancer. Genetic and cancer control implications. AB - Although breast carcinoma is the most frequently occurring cancer in American women and has been the subject of extensive epidemiologic investigation, little attention has been devoted to use of risk-factor information in its control. Six of our 52 breast-cancer-prone families have at least one woman who has manifested breast cancer at age 30 or earlier. One such family had two women with breast cancer before age 30, and at least ten others affected by age 50. Transmission of this lesion was consistent with autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. Ages of onset indicated a notably early peak, in contrast with the expected pre- and post menopausal peaks in findings of the New York State Tumor Resistry and others. Genetic and epidemiologic information should be utilized to control breast cancer in certain families. PMID- 1252119 TI - Nosocomial infections in surgical patients. Observations on effects of prophylactic antibiotics. AB - In a "spot survey" to determine prevalence of nosocomial infections in the Surgical Services of Boston City Hospital in January 1972, the use of antibiotics prophylactically did not significantly affect the occurrence of infections either in patients who had undergone surgery or in those who had not at the time of the survey. Among both groups, whether they had acquired infections or not, the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis did not affect the duration of hospitalization up to the time of the survey. In another study (August through October 1971) of the incidence of infections among patients admitted to the Orthopedic Service of the same hospital, the incidence of infections was the same in patients who received antibiotics prophylactically and in those who did not receive any during their period of hospitalization. PMID- 1252120 TI - Splenic injury during abdominal surgery. AB - Of 237 splenectomies performed over a six-year period, 39 were necessitated by intraoperative injury. Capsular and hilar tears were predominant. All injuries were recognized at the time they occurred. The incidence of pulmonary complications and wound infections exceeded those for other categories of splenectomy and for these other abdominal operations without splenectomy. Although these complications were not fatal and the mortality was not increased, measures for avoidance of intraoperative splenic injury are indicated. These include knowledge of anatomic relationships and exercising cautious traction in operations on the upper part of the stomach and the splenic flexure of the colon, in reoperation in elderly people, or where there is suspicion of intrinsic splenic abnormality. PMID- 1252121 TI - Repair of abdominal and thoracic wall defects by bovine fascia (ox fascia). AB - Sheets of heterologous fascia (bovine fascia) were used to close large defects of the thoracic and abdominal wall in four patients with malignant neoplasms. The material was well tolerated by the body and provided adequate protection and support to the underlying viscera. Although the fascial graft was not covered by skin flaps in two patients with abdominal wall defects, it became readily incorporated into granulation tissue that was receptive to split thickness skin grafts. The fascia was used successfully in a contaminated field and control of active infection was possible without removing the graft. These findings demonstrate that heterologous fascia is particularly useful under conditions that are not suitable for the use of synthetic materials. PMID- 1252122 TI - The influence of venous occlusion on xenon 133 muscle clearance. AB - Progressive degrees of venous occlusion in the canine hind limb were employed to evaluate the influence of venous disease on the xenon 133 muscle washout test. Increasing degrees of venous occlusion, from superficial venous occlusion alone to total occlusion induced with intravenously administered thrombin, decreased both resting muscle blood flow and maximal muscle blood flow stimulated with intra-arterially administered papaverine hydrochloride. This alteration lasted for varying lengths of time with all but the group with total venous occlusion eventually returning to a normal flow. The status of the venous circulation must be considered in order to accurately interpret the results of the 133Xe clearance test when used to evaluate arterial occlusive disease. The 133Xe washout test may be an accurate indicator of venous occlusion in a limb with normal arterial supply. PMID- 1252123 TI - Energy metabolism following thermal burns. AB - Partitional calorimetry was performed on burned rats with and without excision of the adrenal medullae; animals were housed at ambient temperatures of 20 and 28 C. Rates of excretion of urinary nitrogen were determined for the 12 hours before calorimetry runs. Covering the burn wound with polyethylene returned the evaporative heat loss to normal and resulted in a corresponding decrease in the rate of heat production. Excision of the adrenal medullae resulted in chronic hypothermia of burned rats housed at 20 C. The highest rate of excretion of urinary nitrogen occurred in burned rats with intact adrenal medullae housed at 20 C; this excretion rate was significantly reduced when similar animals were housed at 28 C. The net effect of preventing evaporative heat loss from the wounds of burned rats is the same as that of reducing dry heat loss by elevation of the ambient temperature. Both result in a reduction in the rate of heat production. PMID- 1252124 TI - Enhancement of flow through arteriovenous fistula. AB - Hydrostatic dilation and moist heat applied postoperatively are methods that enhance blood flow in side-to-end radial artery to cephalic vein arteriovenous fistula. This improves early patency of the fistula with marginal sized outflow. PMID- 1252125 TI - Repair of cholecystocholedochal fistulas using gallbladder patching. AB - Spontaneous cholecystocholedochal fistulas are a rare but serious complication of calculous biliary tract disease. An effective repair technique that has good long term results is to close the defect in the common duct wall by utilizing the proximal part of the gallbladder as a pedicled graft. A T-tube drain inserted into the common duct should be maintained postoperatively until there is firm evidence of free passage of bile into the duodenum. PMID- 1252126 TI - Small-bowel obstruction due to congenital anomaly of the falciform ligament. AB - A patient who initially had a small-bowel obstruction was found, at laparotomy, to have an internal hernia through a defect of the falciform ligament. Simple resection of the round ligament was curative. The defect is presumed to have been congenital in origin. No previous report could be found in our review of the literature. PMID- 1252127 TI - Membrane filters. Additional safety for intra-arterial infusions. AB - The addition of a 0.45mu in-line membrane-filter to the delivery system for intra arterial infusion therapy is a simple and inexpensive means of providing additional safety. The filter decreases particulate and microorganism infusion by removing all measurable particles and most bacterial and fungal organisms. Since air will not pass through the filter, air embolism is prevented. In addition, in the event of set disruption, the filter will prevent bleeding via red blood cells clogging the membrane. PMID- 1252128 TI - Arterial occlusion secondary to methylmethacrylate use. AB - We are reporting a new complication of the use of methylmethacrylate, namely occlusion of the iliac artery with embolization. We believe that the occlusion is related to trauma to the intima by the heat of polymerization created by methylmethacrylate, with resultant thrombosis. In view of the initial failure of embolectomy alone, we suggest direct attack on the involved artery with prosthetic replacement, and management of the distal embolus by embolectomy with Fogarty catheters. PMID- 1252129 TI - "The surgeon's dilemma"-continued. PMID- 1252130 TI - [Experience with the use of horseradish peroxidase for light and electron microscope studies of interneuronal connections]. AB - By the method based on a retrograde axonal transport of exogenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the origins of afferentation of the motor cortex of adult cats, kittens and albino rats were studied. HRP-positive neurons were found by light and electron microscopy in the somatosensory cortex (C1) of the ipsilateral hemisphere and in the portions of the cortex of the contralateral hemisphere which were symmetrical to the site of injection of HRP. The disposition of neurons, marked by HRP, in the Vth layer of the motor cortex suggest that these neurons may send their axons into the bundles of comissural fibres going to the motor cortex of the opposite hemisphere. This method considerably expands possibilities of revealing the origins of afferentation of the investigated portion of the nervous system and allows more complete and reliable investigation of interneuronal connections. PMID- 1252131 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the connective tissue of skeletal muscles following denervation]. AB - The ultrastructural changes found in the endomysium of rats after denervation of the diaphragm and m. plantaris were studied. Within the first week after crossing the peripheral nerve in the nedomysium there appeared an increased amount of neutrophils and monocytes as well as phagocytic material in the cytoplasm of histocytes. Activization of the cytoplasm of fibroblasts which manifested itself in the appearance of numerous vesicles and multiple free and bound ribosomes was detected by the end of the second and the beginning of the third weeks after denervation. At the same period eosinophils invaded the endomysium and became closely surrounded by numerous collagenic fibres. After reparation of neuromuscular synapses these changes disappeared. On the basis of these results and others founded in previous studies of denervated and reinnervated skeletal muscles the authors consider these changes in the endomysium appearing under the above experimental conditions to be manifestations of metabolic interrelations between the endomysium connective tissue and muscle fibres. PMID- 1252132 TI - [Histochemical studies of several "K"-cell enzymes in guinea pig thyroid glands]. AB - The thyroid gland of guinea pigs were studied morphologically. Histochemical methods were used for detection of lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The distribution of "C"-cells in normal thyroid glands was proved to be uneven. In the center of the gland they were more numerous. For statistical investigations the method of silver impregnation of "C"-cells is more practicable, since they can not be obviously distinguished from acinar cells on the basis of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase only. The activity of cholinestarase in "C"-cells and in some other cells of folliculi epithelium is very high. A supposition is made that there exist two kinds of the follicular lining thyrocytes, having different histochemical properties and histogenesis as well. PMID- 1252133 TI - [Histogenesis of chicken aorta endothelium]. AB - The formation of tissue properties of the aorta endothelium of two-week chicken embryos, and one day chickens has been followed. The morphological characteristics of the aorta endothelial lining in adult chickens are given. The endothelium was studied in tangential sections and flat film preparations. Histological certain histochemical and biometrical methods were used. At the end of the second week the signs of a heteromorphous state of the endothelium were already seen most distinctly, which appeared as early as the end of the first week of embryogenesis. Later these signs accumulated and became stronger. The aorta endothelial lining of adult chickens is polymorphous. Certain regularities in the regional distribution of cells of a definite shape and area were observed in it. Throughout embryogenesis the endothelium behaved like a tissue having its oun cambium. The mitotic index drops in the course of embryogenesis. No mitoses have been found in the endothelial lining of adult chickens. PMID- 1252134 TI - [A quantitative electron microscopic study of the respiratory parts of the lungs. II. The capillary network and septal spaces of the interalveolar septa]. AB - A parallel histological and electron microscopic study of the capillary network of interalveolar septa has shown that in this microstructure there is only one two-dimensional capillary network, common for adjacent alveoles. In septal spaces of interalveolar septa the collagenic fibrils form an even thin network and additional collagenic bundles. The latter are mainly found in intercapillary septal spaces. The elastic fibres in interalveolar septa are found rarely, no interstitial cells being found at all. PMID- 1252135 TI - [Cholin- and adrenergic components of the vegetative innervation of the dura mater]. AB - Cholin- and adrenergic nerves in the fornix and base of the dura mater of rats, cats and dogs have been studied by methods of Kelle, Falck and Glenner. It has been established that the dura mater has a developed cholin- and adrenergic nervous apparatus innervating arteries, veins and the connective tissue of the mater. The concentration of nerve fibres is always greater on a meningea media and its daughter branches. The statistical processing of the data obtained has shown that the maximum quantity of nerve fibres is in cats, less in dogs and still less in rats. It has been established that in the dura fornix of cats and dogs there are more cholinergic nerve fibres than in the base. In rats there is no such difference. The amount of fibres with monoaminoxidase approximately corresponds to the amount of conductors with noradrenaline. PMID- 1252136 TI - [The effect of gravitational stress in the pelvis--head direction on the blood vessels of the sympathetic trunk]. AB - The experiment was carried out in 15 rabbits. Three of them were control. The stress of the pelvis--head direction was obtained in a centrifuge of 1 m radius. Six animals were rotated for 1 min., the other six--til death, which came within 3--4,5 min. of the experiment. By methods of injection, clearing and measuring it was found that in the vessels of the sympathetic trunk congestion phenomena were first and foremost under effects of stresses of the caudo-cranial direction. Their intensity is in direct dependence on the duration of stress. In the 1st series (1 min.) a considerable congestion of venous blood in the cranial sympathetic ganglion was observed in 1 case, while in the 2nd series (3--4,5 min.) very drastic congestion phenomena, with an enlarged diameter, vein deformity and so on, were constantly noted. A support is given to literature data that such "negative" stresses are less endurable for animals, death comes soon, since the phase of relative compensation under given conditions is promptly changed for the phase of decompensation. PMID- 1252137 TI - The development of the vestibular apparatus under conditions of weightlessness. PMID- 1252138 TI - [Age and the succinate dehydrogenase activity of human cardiac neurons]. AB - Under study was the SDG activity in human heart neurons in postnatal ontogensis. Succinic dehydrogenase was revealed with nitrablue tetrazole after Nachlas, quantitative measurements in preparations were made in a cytospectrophotometer. A regular developmental increase in the SDG activity in human heart neurons was established to have certain fluctuations in different age periods. The most intensive growth of the enzyme activity was found in early childhood, youth and senile age which is related to physiological state of the organism and the cardio vascular activity. PMID- 1252139 TI - [So-called muscular "bridges" and their interrelationship with blood vessels]. AB - Fifty hearts of corpses of humans of different age groups were studied by means of macro-microscopical anatomical dissection of muscle fibres and cardiac blood vessels. The muscle bridges were found over the coronary arteries in all preparations of the heart. They were most frequently met on the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. The topography of muscle bridges is described and the miocardium muscle bundles participating in their formation are revealed. The character of the course of fibres in the muscle bridge is related to the course of the fibres of the muscle bundle forming it. PMID- 1252140 TI - [Hormonal stimulation of the reparative process in the skin or fats with vitamin A deficiency]. AB - The effect of thyroid hormone on the regeneration of skin of A-deficient rats was studied. It was established that the reparative process in such animals was considerably retarded due to disturbances of the intensity and the character of the reaction. Under these conditions the succession of main stages of the regenerative process was maintained but there occurred a number of important qualitative and quantitative morphological disorders which substantially changed the course of healing of skin wounds. An additional injection of the thyroid hormone against this background had a favourable effect upon the skin regeneration but failed to produce a typical stimulating effect, characteristic of the hormonal agent in normality. PMID- 1252142 TI - [Age and variability in the inguinal lymph nodes of adult humans]. AB - Lymphatic nodes on the anterior surface of the femur, in the region of the femoral triangle were studied in 56 corpses of humans of either sex from 31 to 82 years of age, dead of accidental causes or of diseases not related to lymphatic nodes. The investigation was carried on by the method of interstitial and direct injection of the Gerota's mass to some regions of foot skin, external genitalia and the skin of the anterior wall of the abdomen. It has been established that the size of inguinal lymphatic nodes (both superficial and profound) in humans of either sex, are in direct dependence on the age of the person. The amount of inguinal lymphatic nodes in young people prevails over that in old people. The external diameter of the afferent and efferent vessels in elderly humans is greater than in young ones. The amount of afferent lymphatic vessels to inguinal lymphatic nodes in most cases prevails over the amount of efferent ones, independent of age and sex. The external diameter of the former is greater than that of the latter. PMID- 1252141 TI - [Changes in rat testis glandulocytes under deep hypothermia]. AB - White mongrel rats weighing 180-220 g were daily cooled in water at 4-5 degrees C up to 21-23 degrees C in the rectum. The animals were killed on the 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25th days of experiment. The total amount of glandulocytes counted per a cross section of the tubule did not change throughout the experiment. The total weight of pictures of 100 glandulocytes (taken randomly), obtained through a drawing apparatus on a standard paper was reliably decreased by 28%. By the end of the observation period the amount of degenerating glandulocytes increased 2 times and that of slightly active in a functional respect so-called "small" glandulocytes increased 4 times, while the number of active ("large") glandulocytes diminished approximately 1,5 times. The activity of SDG and ICDG in interstitial cells dropped by 26% and 18%. The activity of LDG was 52% greater. The G-6-PhDG activity was 40% greater while the activity of clue enzyme steroidgenase--3beta-OSD under hypothermia was inhibited by 36%. PMID- 1252143 TI - [Changes in the innervational connections of the urinary bladder upon experimental stimulation of the hypothalamus]. AB - The innervation of the urinary bladder was studied in 40 rabbits, 5 of which were control and in 35 animals the posterior and anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus were stimulated by electric current through bipolar electrodes. The efferent innervation connections in whose terminal plexuses there occurred absorption of catecholamines were shown histochemically and neurohistologically to be involved in the pathological process. Reactive and degenerative changes were found to take place in receptory nerve terminations, and first of all in free ones. Then the bodies of pseudounipolar neurons of spinal ganglia were changed. Changes were also found in the connections of sensory neurons with the cells of Goll's and Burdach's nuclei. PMID- 1252144 TI - Hemiplegic amyotrophy. Muscle and motor point biopsy study. AB - Thirty hemiplegic patients had simple muscle atrophy with reduced mean muscle cross sectional areas (predominantly type II fiber atrophy) and complex, multiple, or enlarged subneural apparatuses, many of which resembled subhuman endplates. Ultrastructural observations in a few patients revealed nonspecific responses of damage to sarcolemma and myofibrils. There was no correlation between structural changes and alteration of tone, sensory impairment, or site of lesion. We propose that hemiplegic amyotrophy results from a combination of disuse, loss of central "trophic" influence, and transsynaptic degeneration. PMID- 1252145 TI - Hypomyelination in copper-deficient rats. Prenatal and postnatal copper replacement. AB - Copper deficiency induced by a low copper diet in three generations of rats was associated with substantial reductions in the yield of myelin (56%), brain weight (11%), and body weight (43%) in F2 generation rat pups nursed by their own copper deficient mothers. The composition of the purified myelin was not different from that of controls in the content of individual proteins, lipids, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activity, or GM1 ganglioside. The major myelin-associated glycoprotein (mGP) was consistently shifted slightly toward higher apparent molecular weight in the copper-deficient animals. Postnatal copper replacement by a foster mother produced a normal yield of myelin per gram of brain tissue, but failed to reverse the deficiency of brain and body growth. After copper replacement in a copper-deficient mother's diet prior to conception, a subsequent litter showed correction of all abnormalities found in her previous litters. The results suggest that copper is essential for myelin formation and general growth during critical periods in development. PMID- 1252146 TI - Modification of the actions of some neuroactive drugs by growth hormone. AB - The flat serum growth hormone (GH) patterns of untreated parkinsonian patients develop diurnal rises during treatment with levodopa. This chronic exposure to excesses of GH might lead to the eventual emergence of the "on-off" phenomenon, which would indicate a need for animal experiments. Pretreatment of mice with GH increased (1) cerebral dopa and dopamine concentrations in levodopa-treated mice, (2) cerebral accumulation of injected tritiated apomorphine and tritiated thymidine, and (3) behavioral responses to levodopa, L-m-tyrosine, apomorphine hydrochloride, and oxotremorine. PMID- 1252147 TI - Erythrocyte surface membrane alterations. AB - Electrophoretic mobility measurements were made of red blood cells obtained from patients with Duchenne and myotonic muscular dystrophy, from dystrophic mice and chickens, and from corresponding controls. Alterations in the erythrocyte surface electrokinetic properties were found in dystrophic mice and chickens and in many, but not all, patients with muscular dystrophy. The results are consistent with the concept of muscular dystrophy as a systemic membrane disease not limited to muscle. PMID- 1252148 TI - Reaction times in Parkinson disease. AB - Ten hypokinetic parkinsonian patients and ten age- and sex-matched controls were tested, using reaction times with and without a warning signal. The time difference between each was used as a measure of phasic arousal. Both groups' reaction times improved with a warning signal, but there were no differences in reaction-time reduction between the parkinsonian and control groups. These results suggest either that hypokinesia in parkinsonism is not caused by an arousal defect or it is caused by a defect in the "autoevoked" arousal system. PMID- 1252149 TI - Disulfiram-induced encephalopathy. AB - Two patients with disulfiram-(Antabuse-)induced encephalopathy exhibited paranoid ideas, disorientation, impaired memory, ataxia, dysarthria, snout and grasp reflexes, and abnormal electroencephalograms. The first patient developed symptoms on two occasions, each time after disulfiram administration. The second patient experienced a generalized seizure followed by fulminant psychosis three weeks after starting disulfiram therapy. Spinal fluid examination in the latter patient revealed a low homovanillic acid (HVA) level. Since disulfiram inhibits dopamine oxidation, disulfiram-induced encephalopathy may be related to excess dopaminergic activity in the central nervous system. PMID- 1252150 TI - Letter: Treatment of periodic somnolence with lithium carbonate. PMID- 1252151 TI - Letter: Posttraumatic dysautonomic cephalalgia. PMID- 1252152 TI - Why do gliomas not metastasize. PMID- 1252153 TI - The role of extracellular potassium in hippocampal epilepsy. AB - It has been proposed that the notable capacity for epileptogenesis in the hippocampus may be related to potassium accumulation in extracellular spaces. To investigate this hypothesis more directly, we measured changes in extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) during focal hippocampal epilepsy using potassium sensitive microelectrodes. Interictal and ictal electroencephalographic events were accompanied by increases in [K+]o that varied systematically with depth from the ependymal surface and lateral distance from the focus. Maximal [K+]o changes during interictal and ictal discharges occurred in the stratum pyramidale. Initiation of ictal activity did not correlate with a particular "threshold" [K+]o. Comparing these results with similar data from neocortex, we observed that interictal K+ responses in hippocampus lasted longer and had slower rise times, and that peak interictal and ictal [K+]o values were consistently lower. Increases in [K+]o cannot be the sole explanation for regional variations in seizure susceptibility, interictal-ictal transitions, or termination of ictal episodes. PMID- 1252154 TI - Amelioration of brain damage after 12 minutes' cardiac arrest in dogs. AB - To determine the efficacy of cerebral microcirculation promoting therapy in postischemic brain failure, 11 dogs awakening from methohexital sodium anesthesia were subjected to 12 minutes of reversible circulatory arrest by ventricular fibrillation. Physiological variables were controlled for six hours after resuscitation, and the dogs were observed for seven days. Six dogs without the special postresuscitative therapy did not awaken, and either died within 36 hours or remained comatose for seven days. In five dogs, a combination of the following measures was applied: (1) mean arterial pressure was raised to 150 to 180 mm Hg with norepinephrine for six hours; (2) heparinization; (3) rapid intra-aortic injection of dextran 40 (10 ml/kg body weight); and (4) normovelemic hemodilution with dextran 40 to a hematocrit reading of 25% to 30%. All five treated dogs awakened within 24 hours and appeared normal on the seventh day. Therapy enhanced constriction of pupils and normalization of the electroencephalogram (P less than .05). Postischemic neurological deficit is at least partially due to impaired reperfusion and can be ameliorated or prevented by blood flowing-promoting therapy. PMID- 1252155 TI - Concurrence of iris aneurysms and cerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive rabbits. AB - The development of miliary aneurysms of the iris is associated with the high risk of cerebral hemorrhage in rabbits with renal hypertension. The high-risk group of hypertensive rabbits in this series was characterized by the formation of iris aneurysms, and this group developed a striking proportion of hemorrhagic strokes (42.5%). In the low-risk group of hypertensive rabbits that did not develop aneurysms of the iris, only a low proportion of cerebral hemorrhages were found (11%). The development of iris aneurysms in rabbits was directly proportional to increments in level of blood pressure, and their rate of formation was very rapid. The formation of miliary aneurysms of the circular artery of the iris in hypertensive rabbits is likely related to the common embryologic origin and the morphologic similarity between perforating arteries of the brain and the principal arterial vessel of the iris. PMID- 1252156 TI - Sequelae of carbon monoxide-induced hypoxia in the rat. AB - Rats were exposed to carbon monoxide, and conduction velocity of ventral caudal nerve (VCN), visual cortical evoked potential (VEP), electroencephalogram, and vital functions were determined in relation to the degree of CO-induced hypoxia. The conduction velocity of VCN and VEP (latency of P2 [second positive deflection of the visual evoked response]) were unaffected until carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels reached between 60% and 70%. These levels were maintained for approximately one hour before decreased conduction velocity or increased latency of P2 occurred. Decrease in mean arterial blood pressure resulted in impaired neurological function. Recovery of conduction velocity was discontinuous. Conduction was lost and recovered again within a three-hour period after exposure. It decreased again 9 to 13 days later, recovering in approximately four days. Data on P2 latency after exposure were fragmentary, but suggest that later increases might occur. Similar effects of CO-induced hypoxia on peripheral and central nervous systems were found. Decrease of mean arterial blood pressure was consistently associated with impaired nervous system function. PMID- 1252157 TI - Carbon monoxide-induced neuropathy in the rat. Ultrastructural changes. AB - The peroneal and ventral caudal nerves of rats exposed to 2,500 ppm CO until loss of nerve conduction occurred were studied by electron microscopy. Loss of normal axonal and Schwann cell structure was seen at the node of Ranvier. This loss was more prominent in large myelinated fibers, but was also seen in small myelinated fibers at seven and ten days postexposure. At this time, ventral caudal nerve conduction velocity decreased following a transient period of recovery lasting 9 to 13 days. Repair of the node began at 14 to 21 days postexposure, when maximal nerve conduction velocity had returned to normal. Complete normalization of node structure was not seen even 60 days after exposure, in many instances. PMID- 1252158 TI - Painful diabetic neuropathy. A morphometric study. AB - We investigated three diabetic patients whose neuropathy was characterized by pain, hypesthesia, and autonomic dysfunction, with preservation of epicritic sensation and muscle-stretch reflexes. Two sural nerves were studied qualitatively and quantitatively, using teased fiber, light, and electron microscopical techniques. The most striking alterations were encountered in unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers. Unmyelinated nerve fiber sprouting was evident. The clinical features, which suggested small-fiber involvement, correlated with the pathological findings in biopsied cutaneous nerve. The balance of evidence indicates that the painful small-fiber neuropathy of diabetes is an axonal disorder. PMID- 1252159 TI - Pathophysiologic aspects of human botulism. AB - Physiologic studies were carried out in six patients with botulism. Abnormalities were those of a defect of acetylcholine release. Although the most consistent findings were small, evoked muscle action potentials (MAP) and posttetanic facilitation similar to the Eaton-Lambert syndrome, there were differences. In botulism as opposed to the Eaton-Lambert syndrome, the following were true: (1) posttetanic facilitation of the amplitude of the evoked MAP was considerably less and did not approach the normal value when the block was severe; (2) posttetanic facilitation persisted at least several minutes during the postactivation cycle; (3) posttetanic depression did not occur; (4) significant tetanic facilitation of the amplitude of the MAP occurred in less than half the patients and, even then, did not approach normal (on the other hand, a decremental response, as in myasthenia gravis, is not seen); and (5) no decremental response of the MAP occurred during slow rates (two per second) of nerve stimulation. Evidence of transient physiologic denervation occurred as in experimental animals affected by botulinum toxin. All physiologic abnormalities revert to normal in association with clinical recovery. PMID- 1252160 TI - Desmosterol in human and experimental brain tumors in tissue culture. AB - Desmosterol, a possible chemical indicator of brain tumors, was detected in cells of neurogenic, nitrosourea-induced rat tumors (neurinomas and gliomas, C6 cell line) and in human astrocytomas grown in lipid-poor media. A further increase in the amount of cell desmosterol was obtained when triparanol was added to media containing delipidized serum. Cholesterol was replaced almost completely by desmosterol in tumor cells grown in media containing nontoxic levels of 20,25 diazacholesterol. Desmosterol did not accumulate when these inhibitors of desmosterol-reductase were added to culture media containing cholesterol and other lipids (whole fetal calf serum). The results demonstrate that tumors of the nervous system grown in tissue culture are capable of sterol synthesis, and indicate that a central mechanism of cholesterol synthesis is operative in these cells, which may be related to the availability of exogenous cholesterol. It is concluded that these findings are relevant to clinical studies on the use of cholesterol inhibitors as tools for the detection of brain tumor activity. PMID- 1252161 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Passive transfer by the intraocular injection of sensitized cells. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is a disease of cell-mediated immunity and can be transferred passively to virgin recipients by lymphoid cells from sensitized donors. The rabbit eye contains myelinated medullary rays that can be visualized ophthalmoscopically. Intraocular injection of autologous lymph node cells from myelin basic protein (BP)-immunized rabbits into the vitreous leads to readily visualized optic neuritis while injection of cells from adjuvant immunized control rabbits does not. Microscopical study confirmed the presence of myelin destruction in recipients of cells from BP-sensitized donors. This eye chamber technique provides a simple model for the study of demyelination in vivo under direct observation. PMID- 1252162 TI - Infantile diffuse cerebral degeneration with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Four children had progressive degeneration of the cerebral cortex, with hepatic cirrhosis. They and four previously described ones, are representative of a distinct form of hepatocerebral degeneration. Onset of the neurological disorder is between ages 1 and 3 years, at times with mild developmental delay. Explosive onset of intractable convulsions, leaving the child in a stuporous and demented state, is characteristic. Generalized hypotonia or hemiparesis were observed in several affected children. Clinical evidences of hepatic disease, including ascites and jaundice, occurred late, if at all. The illness ended fatally within ten months of onset of convulsions. Pathological findings in the brain are neuronal loss and gliosis, in a pattern that is indistinguishable from that in degeneration of the cerebral gray matter in infancy (Alpers disease). The hepatic lesions consist of cirrhosis or of subacute hepatitis, with superimposed fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. The disorder is genetically determined, with recessive inheritance. PMID- 1252163 TI - Delayed encephalopathy after strangling. AB - An 11-year-old boy who had been the victim of a strangling attempt was asymptomatic for one week whereupon involuntary movements involving the trunk and limbs developed, along with repetitive episodes of opisthotonos and autonomic dysfunction. Meanwhile, he remained alert and appeared to be mentally intact. An electroencephalogram was normal. He died 13 weeks after the onset of the neurological disorder. The neuropathological examination showed cavitating lesions in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus bilaterally, with sparing of the white matter. The delayed onset of a progressively evolving neurological disorder has been noted in various forms of hypoxicischemic insult, including previously reported cases of strangling, but its occurrence cannot be predicted from the preceding clinical state or course. In the cases in which abnormal movements have been predominant, the pathological findings have been similar despite diversity in the preceding circumstances. We suggest the underlying metabolic disorder common to these cases may be lactic acidosis, and that they should be studied for evidence of a biochemical defect. PMID- 1252164 TI - Electroencephalographic findings in phencyclidine intoxication. AB - The first report of electroencephalographic findings in clinically encountered phencyclidine intoxication is presented. When first seen, the patient was in a coma, initially distinguished only by nystagmus, waxy rigidity of the extremities, and an EEG with a widespread, sinusoidal theta rhythm interrupted every few seconds by periodic slow-wave complexes. The similarity of the EEG to that of deep ketamine anesthesia suggested intoxication with a ketamine-related (phenylcyclohexylamine) drug. Phencyclidine, the prototype of the phenylcyclohexylamine compounds and a widely abused hallucinogen, was subsequently identified in the urine and blood. PMID- 1252165 TI - Urinary excretion of carnitine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The urinary excretion of carnitine by boys with Duchenne dystrophy did not differ significantly from age-matched controls. Since serum and muscle concentrations of carnitine are also normal in Duchenne dystrophy, it cannot be proved that this small molecule leaks from muscle in Duchenne dystrophy. If the muscle surface membrane is abnormally leaky in Duchenne dystrophy, different molecules seem to be affected in different ways. PMID- 1252166 TI - Computerized axial tomography of intracerebral hematoma. A clinical and neuropathological study. AB - Excellent correlation between computerized axial tomographic (CT) scans and the location and extent of pathologically verified intracerebral hematomas was demonstrated in eight patients. Superficial and intraventricular extension, hydrocephalus, and mass effect were easily identified; CT scanning was superior to angiography and radionuclide brain scanning in diagnosing hematoma and in determining its extent and associated ventricular size. Angiography was superior to CT scanning in demonstrating aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations as a cause of intracerebral hematoma. Computerized axial tomographic scanning is also useful in following the resolution of hematomas and in guiding surgical intervention. PMID- 1252167 TI - Letter: Trauma after electrode implantation. PMID- 1252168 TI - Letter: Eye findings in the "locked-in" syndrome. PMID- 1252169 TI - Letter: Computerized tomography in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. PMID- 1252170 TI - Suggested guidelines for intraocular lens implant surgery. PMID- 1252171 TI - Editorial: Dangers of steroid treatment in toxoplasmosis. Periocular injections and systemic therapy. PMID- 1252172 TI - Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. The fellow eye. AB - The fundus photographs of 308 patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) were examined. Bilateral macular involvement was found in 20% of the cases. The incidence of maculopathy, peripapillary lesions, and peripheral "punched-out" lesions in one fundus and only peeipapillary changes in the fellow eye was 12%. The incidence of these features in one fundus and clinically inactive, atrophic scars in the posterior pole of the fellow eye was 23%. Twenty five patients with atrophic lesions in the macular area of the fellow eye were followed for an average of 24 months. Six patients (24%) demonstrated activation of eight previously documented atrophic lesions resulting in macular involvement. One patient also demonstrated activation from a pre-existing juxtapapillary lesion. None of the remaining 18 patients exhibited any evidence of serous or hemorrhagic retinal sequelae in the fellow eye. PMID- 1252173 TI - Contusion angle deformity in prizefighters. AB - Ophthalmic examinations of 55 retired boxers showed nine eyes with contusion angle deformities and no cases of secondary glaucoma due to the trauma, despite an average duration of 33 years since injury. The subjects with chamber angle recessions had more proptotic eyes (average, 19.7 mm) than those without recessions (average, 17.9 mm). The difference between the means was not significant (P less than .05). PMID- 1252174 TI - The electro-oculogram in diffuse (familial) drusen. AB - Twelve patients with diffuse drusen of Bruch membrane had their condition evaluated by electro-oculography (EOG). All had normal EOG light-peak/dark-trough ratios, which suggests that the disease does not involve a diffuse functional abnormality of the retinal pigment epithelium. This finding is in contrast to the abnormal EOG ratios reported in patients with fundus flavimaculatus. Categorizing these two diseases along with fundus albipunctatus as flecked retina syndrome should be continued on the basis of the somewhat similar morphologic appearance of the lesions, rather than because of similar results on functional testing. PMID- 1252175 TI - Visually evoked response. Use in neurologic evaluation of posttraumatic subjective visual complaints. AB - Evaluation of subjective visual complaints unassociated with objective signs is a frequent problem in neurologic and ophthalmic practice. The visually evoked response (VER) is an important tool for separating the functional from the organic in patients claiming visual disturbance. In visual complaints associated with late posttraumatic epileptic activity, the VER can demonstrate an abnormality even in asymptomatic intervals. In complaints due to concussion, it demonstrates disorganized evoked responses initially and later a return of the normal resonse. It shows an abnormality in the occipital lobes during and after transient compression of the vertebral artery. A normal VER excludes all but trivial involvement of the visual system, symptomatic claims of the patient notwithstanding. PMID- 1252176 TI - Sarcoidosis of the paranasal sinuses with orbital extension. AB - A 21-year-old black man with unilateral proptosis and decreased visual acuity was shown to have sarcoidosis of the paranasal sinuses with secondary invasion of the orbit, as demonstrated by contact B-scan ultrasonography, sinus tomography, surgical exploration, and biopsy. PMID- 1252177 TI - Ocular toxoplasmosis in an adult receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. AB - Sudden death of a 58-year-old woman who developed ocular toxoplasmosis while receiving long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy permitted correlation of early histopathologic lesions with their clinical counterpart recorded on fundus photographs. A wide-spread, paravascular, whitish, retinal opacification dominated the initial clinical picture. These lesions were represented histologically by focal zones of inner retinal necrosis located adjacent to arteries and veins. No associated inflammatory cell infiltrate was present, and numerous viable free Toxoplasma organisms were consistently present at the interface between necrotic and healthy retina. Electron microscopy of formaldehyde-fixed tissue provided a useful technique for confirming the identity of the infecting organism in the absence of serologic or culture data. PMID- 1252178 TI - The effect of rectus muscle union. AB - It is shown that the rectus muscle union of Jensen allows the lateral half of the superior rectus and the lateral half of the inferior rectus to provide active abduction. PMID- 1252179 TI - Aphakic bullous keratopathy treated with prosthokeratoplasty. An analysis of 34 consecutive cases. AB - Thirty-four eyes with advanced aphakic bullous keratopathy were treated with the Cardona keratoprosthesis as a primary procedure. There were three extrusions (9%), two of which were associated with infections; two other conditions were worsened (6%) as a result of a late permanent vitreous hemorrhage or possibly an infection. Twenty-eight eyes (82%) showed a notable improvement during follow-up periods that ranged from 6 to 72 months. The advantages and limitations of this technique are compared to those of penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 1252181 TI - A teaching pointer for indirect ophthalmoscopy. AB - A simple teaching pointer has been devised for use with the indirect ophthalmoscope. A bristle is attached to a thimble that is placed on the thumb of the hand not holding the indirect lens. It can be used with or without scleral depression to define specific retinal lesions. PMID- 1252180 TI - Repair of nasocanthal malignant neoplasms. Combined laissez-faire and chemosurgery techniques. AB - A simplified method for management of nasocanthal malignant neoplasms combines the laissez-fiare technique first reported by this author with the Mohs technique of microscopic control of cancer cell eradication. Basically, with a little surgical help, the wound is allowed to granulate in spontaneously. PMID- 1252182 TI - De novo subretinal neovascularization in the histoplasmosis syndrome. AB - A 22-year-old man was seen with the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. This case demonstrates that spontaneous or "de novo" neovascularization without prior pigmentary changes can occasionally, although rarely, give rise to the disciform macular disease process and the potential for loss of central vision. The lesion initially responded favorably to treatment with heavy argon laser photocoagulation in the parafoveal area, including the papillomacular area, but subsequent areas of neovascularization proved intractable to laser therapy. PMID- 1252183 TI - Eversion of upper lids secondary to birth trauma. PMID- 1252184 TI - Letter: Treatment of Mima polymorphia conjunctivitis. PMID- 1252185 TI - Letter: Acetylcholine receptors and alpha-bungarotoxin. PMID- 1252186 TI - Human whole-nerve response to clicks of various frequency. AB - The averaged VIIIth nerve response to third-octave clicks at 500, 2000 and 8000 Hz was recorded from the promontory of 4 normal-hearing young adults. As click frequency is lowered, the N, latency increases in a manner consistent with the changes in velocity of the cochlear traveling wave. This finding suggests that clicks of different spectral content stimulate different regions of the basilar membrane. N amplitude shows a general increase with frequency; this observation appears related to the increased synchrony of neural firing that results from the higher velocity of the traveling wave in the more basal portions of the cochlea. PMID- 1252187 TI - Early tone-evoked responses in normal and hearing-impaired subjects. AB - Early evoked responses to 500-Hz tone bursts were recorded from normal and hearing-impaired children and adults. The threshold values of the early evoked responses provide useful estimates of auditory functioning, even among difficult to-test populations, such as deaf-blind children. Latency measures indicate that the early response is generated at the brain stem. Latency measures from hearing impaired subjects show that the response can identify recruitment. Several subjects having a history of nonspecific communication disorders, e.g., dyslexia, exhibited aberrant early evoked response waveforms. The early-evoked response measures, therefore, amy be useful in detecting and assessing communication disorders which are believed to be of cortical origin, but now should be considered to have a basis in brain stem dysfunction. PMID- 1252188 TI - Electrophysiological studies of the auditory system. AB - Electrophysiological measures of cochlear function can be obtained using the techniques of transtympanic electrode and surface electrocochleography. These provide measures of the basic parameters of the cochlear microphonic, cochlear nerve and auditory brainstem nuclei action potentials, which enable the functional mechanisms of the cochlea and auditory pathway to be defined for normally hearing subjects and, by comparison, give diagnostic information about the pathologies involved in auditory disorders. Data are presented on the values and variability of the responses obtained from normally hearing subjects. The comparative values of each technique in estimating auditory threshold, cochlear function and in evaluating neurological conditions are discussed using data from clinical patients. PMID- 1252189 TI - Evoked cerebral potential audiometry and hearing threshold. AB - Audiometric testing by means of the nonspecific evoked cerebral potential (NECP) was performed in 20 children (11 with normal hearing, 6 with conductive and 3 with sensorineural hearing loss). The threshold as determined by this method was 20-30 dB higher than the threshold of the subjective tonal audiograms in the majority of the cases. Only in two cases the difference was up to 70 dB. There were no significant differences between the results of the methods in the three groups of children. The possible reasons for the described discrepancy between the thresholds of the ECP audiometry and the subjective tonal audiometry are discussed. It is pointed out that either of the two methods explores one of two different functional systems: the nonspecific activating system of the brain stem and the auditory pathway. It is suggested that the observed discrepancy between the results of the two methods may mainly be due to different thresholds of the two systems. To avoid false negative results of the ECP audiometry in subjects with 'constitutionally' low amplitude of the NECP it is proposed to routinely determine the amplitude of the NECP produced by somatosensory stimuli. Careful evaluation of the recorded data can improve the diagnostic value of ECP audiometry. PMID- 1252190 TI - [Auditory-evoked responses to a monaural or a binaural click, recorded from the vertex, as in two temporal derivations; effect of interaural time differences (author's transl)]. AB - The auditory-evoked responses have been recorded on 5 subject by vertex, right temporal and left temporal electrodes simultaneously. 30 dB sensation level clicks were used as stimuli; one click was presented only to the right ear, or one click only to the left ear, or one click to the right ear and another click to the left ear with a variable interaural time difference in this latter case (0 150 ms). The N-P amplitude variations and the N and P latency variations have been studied and compared to those observed in the perceived lateralizations of the sound source. PMID- 1252191 TI - Influence of test tone duration on auditory masking patterns. AB - Temporal integration functions of tone bursts masked by critical band noises become shallower with increasing test tone frequency. This holds for tone bursts in the centre as well as at the slopes of the masking pattern of critical band maskers. When shortening the tone bursts, the horizontal masking pattern of uniform masking noise changes into a pattern with decreasing slope for increasing frequency. The shape of the masking pattern of critical band maskers remains rather independent of test tone duration. PMID- 1252192 TI - Binaural and monaural speech discrimination under reverberation. AB - This study investigated the effects of reverberation upon the speech discrimination performance of 30 normally hearing subjects and 30 persons with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Following preliminary tests, the Modified Rhyme Test was administered monaurally and binaurally at reverberation times of 0, 1, 2 and 3 sec. All stimuli were administered under earphones. The lists and conditions were appropriately randomized and counterbalanced so that each subject heard a test list at each reverberation time (RT) monaurally and binaurally. The expected gain due to binaural summation of loudness was simulated in order to test the possibility that any binaural enhancement of intelligibility might be due to binaural loudness summation. For all conditions, the normally hearing subjects performed significantly better than the hearing-impaired group. However, in relative terms, the two groups were remarkably similar. Binaural scores were significantly higher than monaural scores at each RT for both groups (in spite of homophasic conditions). For both groups, monaural and binaural scores decreased with increasing RT. Monaural scores decreased at a significantly faster rate with RT than did the binaural scores (the binaural advantage, however, was larger for the normal group). Increasing the monaural presentation levels to simulate the binaural loudness gain did not result in higher scores. It was concluded that speech discrimination under reverberation is better binaurally than monaurally for both normally hearing and hearing-impaired persons. This is due, at least partly, to the ability of the binaural auditory system to squelch the effects of reverberation. A tentative model is suggested for the binaural squelch of reverberation. The current findings are compared with existing data; and suggestions are offered for clinical application. PMID- 1252193 TI - Tympanomety from 200 to 2000 Hz probe tone. AB - Previous investigations have shown that the probe tone frequency is the main factor in determing the shape of the tympanogram. These had, however, been limited up to 800 Hz. In the present paper, a multifrequency investigation (from 200 to 2000 Hz) has been performed on 72 ears with different pathophysiological conditions of the middle ear. From the analysis of the result some new critical aspects of tympanometry emerge. The multifrequency tympanometric investigation proves to be, according to our experience, a far more sensitive method for checking small changes in the transmission characteristics of the tympano ossicular system than the monofrequency traditional analysis. In this connection, the technique seems to furnish a simple and reliable method for discriminating between stiffness versus mass-controlled systems. PMID- 1252194 TI - Two-component versus admittance tympanometry. AB - The probe tone frequency of electro-acoustic bridges has a direct effect on the shape of the tympanograms obtained. At higher frequencies (800 Hz) typical patterns are generated for eardrum abnormalities and ossicular discontinuities. The 625- and 660-Hz frequencies sometimes prove to be not quite high enough to obtain the expected 'W' or undulating admittance tympanograms. Our investigation proves that much more certainty is given even at 660-Hz probe tone when components B and G are both recorded. The same information for ossicular disruption is found in an admittance (Y) together with a new kind of tympanogram, namely the phase tympanogram. PMID- 1252195 TI - Directional hearing, temporal order and auditory pattern in peripheral and brain stem lesions. AB - Tests have been applied to the following subjects: (1) 25 normal individuals; (2) the same individuals during temporary impairement of the brain stem by barbiturate (3 mg/kg); (3) 32 patients affected by acute nucleo-reticular vestibular syndrome; (4) 7 patients affected by unilateral Meniere's disease, and (5) 1 patient affected by acoustic neuroma with well preserved hearing. Directional hearing was tested by changing the delta i and delta t of two pure tones 400 and 600 Hz) presented through earphones or two fixed loudspeakers placed at +/- 30 degrees from the azimuth and with balanced intensity: temporal order and auditory patterns were tested with the same frequencies by changing the delta t or the order of presentation of the stimuli at fixed intensity. On the basis of the results obtained in the normal subjects, a distinction can be made between the patients affected by brain stem impairment and those affected by Meniere's disease. In these patients it was very difficult to obtain reliable discriminations due to the failure of the affected cochlea, especially during an acute phase of the disease, to perform adequate time, intensity and frequency analysis. In brain stem patients, spontaneous or pharmacological, the directional hearing judgments were impaired whereas temporal order and auditory pattern discrimination were normal. It is suggested, therefore, that these various central-hearing tests do not investigate analogous performances, but on the contrary different ones. This difference can be attributed to different structures, or to different performance along the same pathways but also to an identical structure of different sensitivity to the noxious agents. PMID- 1252196 TI - Possibilities of improving the diagnosis of noise-induced hearing damage by means of directional audiometry, the dichotic speech discrimination test, and the EEG1. AB - Several audiometric tests were made of 85 noise workers exposed to an intensive impulse noise during pressing and punching. These tests aimed at finding out noise-induced central hearing damages (directional audiometry, dichotic speech discrimination test according to Feldmann and checking of the induction of the impedance jump). In addition, a clinical EEG was taken from each subject. Having obtained the necessary norms with series of tests in subjects with normal hearing abilities for their respective ages, the following results have been obtained: (1) directional hearing has hardly been affected by noise-induced hearing damage. It behaves like age changes in the group compared with it; (2) the dichotic speech discrimination test shows increasingly pathological values with progressive noise-induced hearing damage; this was already obvious in the age group 41-50. The impedance jump is less and less produced with progressive noise induced hearing damage and finally disappears at a noise intensity of up to 110 dB. Because of these findings a progressive degeneration of the spiral ganglion and hearing nerve in noise-induced hearing damage is discussed as a cause of a deteriorated speech discrimination and the absence of the impedance jump. The EEG findings show changes in the alpha-rhythm in about 50% of the cases at an exposure time of 10 years onwards which may be possibly due to damage to the reticular formation, once increasing noise-induced hearing damage no longer exists. PMID- 1252197 TI - Hearing aid fitting by prescription. AB - A procedure for the specification of hearing aid response characteristics is described. Thresholds of discomfort and most comfortable levels for narrow bands of noise centered at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 kHz are determined. The thresholds of discomfort relate to the maximum power output of the hearing aid and the most comfortable levels determine the gain and frequency response that will be required. The data derived from these measurements are given to the hearing aid dispenser who provides a hearing aid that matches the prescribed response characteristics. This technique requires less time than the conventional hearing aid evaluation procedure, and it provides the audiologist with measures of auditory function that can be directly related to hearing aid parameters. PMID- 1252198 TI - Studies in infant behavioural audiometry. I. Neonates. AB - The behaviour of 93 clinically normal neonates was video-recorded while they were presented with sequences of sound stimuli which varied in sound pressure level, bandwidth and rise time and which included two voice signals and a no-sound (control) trial. Video records were made both for the whole body aspect and for a 3 1/2 X "close-up" of the head. Later, the video records were shown to 6 observers who were allowed to see the babies for 10 sec at each trial. The first 5 sec was a pre-stimulus observation period, and the second 5 sec usually contained a sound stimulus. Between the trials, the observers were given 20 sec in which to record (1) pre-stimulus activity, (2) confidence in response, and (3) movement details (data for (3) not reported here). For the whole-body aspect, observers were allowed to see (1) the whole body, (2) the head, arms and trunk, (3) the arms, trunk and legs, (4) the head only, (5) the arms and trunk only, or (6) the legs only, during different viewing sessions. For the head aspect, they could see (7) the whole head, (8) the head above the upper lip, or (9) the head below the upper lip. This segmentation was achieved by masking parts of the television screen with shutters. The response confidence ratings were analysed using aspects of signal detection theory to show differences amongst various body segments (p less than 0.001), sound pressure levels (p less than 0.001), bandwidths (p less than 0.001), and rise times (p less than 0.01). There were significant interactions between sound pressure level X bandwidth (p less than 0.001), sound pressure level X rise time (p less than 0.01), and bandwidth X rise time (p less than 0.001). A 90-dB broad-spectrum noiseband was by far the most effective stimulus. The response to different sound stimuli was differentially affected by pre-stimulus activity state. The results are discussed in relation to recent work on clinical screening techniques. PMID- 1252199 TI - Intracardial bubbles during decompression to altitude in relation to decompression sickness in man. AB - Doppler ultrasound was used in five subjects to detect intracardial gas bubbles during decompressions to altitude. At a simulated altitude of 8,000 m, neither intracardial bubbles nor symptoms of decompression sickness occurred. At 9,000 m, bubbles were registered in two subjects, one of which had questionable bends. At 11,500 m, bubbles were registered in all but one subject and two had bends. The three subjects who had not gotten bends were exposed to an air-breathing period of 30 min or, in one case, even 45 min at 2 ATA, for extra nitrogen loading, followed by decompression to 11,500 m. These subjects had heavy showers of bubbles followed by bends. In all cases with decompression sickness during the decompressions to altitude, intracardial bubbles were registered prior to the appearance of symptoms. The technique may be used in studies of decompression sickness without provoking actual symptoms, thus making the studies safer. PMID- 1252200 TI - Effect of physical activity of airline flight attendants on their time of useful consciousness in a rapid decompression. AB - To determine the effect of physical activity on the "time of useful consciousness" (TUC) of airline flight attendants in a rapid, severe decompression, 10 male and 10 female subjects were exposed to a decompression profile while at rest and performing light-to-moderate work. Decompression from 6,500 to 34,000 ft (2,000 to 10,400 m) was followed by descent at 5,000 ft/min (1,500 m/min). The average TUC for the males decreased from 54 s (omega 7.1) at rest to 34 s (omega 4.4) while performing work. The average TUC for the females decreased from 54 s (omega 8.1) at rest to 32 s (omega 4.0) while performing work. Supplemental oxygen had a marked paradoxical effect when the subjects were performing work. PMID- 1252201 TI - Simulated flying performance after marihuana intoxication. AB - Ten pilots smoked, in counterbalanced order on a double blind basis, a social dose of marihuana (.09 mg/kg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and a matched placebo after being trained to fly a specific flight sequence on an ATC-510 flight simulator. In contrast to placebo, marihuana caused a gross decrement in flying performance, with increased prevalence of major errors, minor errors, altitude deviations, heading deviations, and radio navigation errors. These effects of active marihuana persisted for at least 2 hr and generally had disappeared by 4 to 6 hr after marihuana administration. PMID- 1252202 TI - Circulatory response to acute hypobaric hypoxia in conscious dogs. AB - Hemodynamics were studied in seven conscious dogs during acute hypobaric stress at 14,000 ft simulated altitude. Silastic catheters were chronically implanted in the pulmonary artery, left atrium, and aorta. Pulmonary and central aortic pressures, cardiac output, and pulmonary blood volume were determined under conditions of normoxia and acute hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber maintained at 446 mm Hg pressure (14,000 ft). Altitude resulted in significant increases in heart rate, cardiac output, pulmonary blood volume, and pulmonary artery pressure. Left atrial pressure and calculated systemic vascular resistance decreased during hypobaric hypoxia while stroke volume, stroke work index, arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. Arterial blood PO2 decreased markedly at altitude, and all animals hyperventilated with resultant systemic hypocarbic alkalosis. The combination of elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and increased pulmonary blood volume may by an etiologic factor in the development of high-altitude pulmonary edema. PMID- 1252203 TI - Alpha index and personality traits of pilots. AB - This investigation was instituted to provide information regarding the relationship between individuals with radically different alpha indices (low vs. high) and personality traits of the subjects. EEG recordings were obtained and acceptable diagnostic personality testing techniques administered. The results indicate that the group with low alpha index revealed a significantly higher level of anxiety and neuroticism. PMID- 1252204 TI - Some behavioral effects of pesticides: The interaction of mevinphos and atropine in pigeons. AB - The interaction of the organophosphate mevinphos and atropine was examined in two pigeons performing in a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. When administered separately, both atropine and mevinphos produced a dose-related decrement in responding. The combined exposure to these drugs produced a performance decrement greater than that caused by exposure to each component drug alone. These findings suggest that prophylactic use of atropine may increase the detrimental behavioral effects of organophosphate exposure and that the atropine exposure alone may produce serious behavioral deficits. PMID- 1252205 TI - Effect of a reduction in arterial oxygen content (carbon monoxide) on coronary flow. AB - Mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented for ventricular pacing, to measure left circumflex coronary flow (CF), left ventricular and arterial pressure, and to obtain blood samples from the left atrium and coronary sinus. Following a 3- to 4-week recovery period, the animals were subjected to a 30% reduction in arterial oxygen saturation by exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide. Three types of experiments were performed: 1) control, 2) pacing at 150 bpm, and 3) double blockade with propranolol and atropine. Reduction in arterial oxygen saturation in the three conditions studied resulted in a significant increase in CF and no change in myocardial oxygen consumption. The relationship between CF and arterial saturation demonstrated that double blockade produced a difference in the magnitude of the CF response. These results indicate a neurogenic mechanism to regulate coronary flow that may aid in maintaining oxygen availability during stressful conditions. PMID- 1252206 TI - Effect of dietary "antioxidant" supplementation on the susceptibility to oxygen toxicity in mice. AB - This study was undertaken to test chronic feeding of some normal dietary constituents on susceptibility to oxygen toxicity. Eight-week-old male CD-1 mice were fed a semi-purified diet simulating that of the average American male and supplemented with either vitamin E, vitamin K3, selenium, or the sulfur amino acids methionine and cystine. After 2, 4, 8, or 16 weeks, groups of mice were exposed to oxygen at 1, 4, or 8 ATA and times to respiratory distress, convulsion, and death recorded. Vitamin E and amino acid supplementation had no effect whereas vitamin K and selenium supplements increased time to death at 1 ATA. Only the effect of selenium was statistically significant. All diets significantly increased the time of onset of the measured parameters beginning after 4 weeks, suggesting that one or more constituents of the basal diet afforded some protection against oxygen toxicity. PMID- 1252207 TI - Changes in blood constituents in rats administered morphine and subjected to He O2 at 11 ATA. AB - Changes in blood constituents in rats exposed to He-O2 at 1 ATA and 11 ATA after administration of morphine (100 mg/kg) are reported. Injected animals are compared with controls (non-injected) in ambient air and animals subjected to He O2 at 1 ATA and 11 ATA. Temperature of the chamber was controlled and O2 partial pressure and CO2 levels were maintained at standard conditions. After morphine injection the rats were pressurized and maintained for 4 h before decompression, at which time additional blood samples were obtained. Morphine-injected animals in ambient air showed significant decreases in hematocrit, MCV, glucose, and protein in the blood while showing an increase in the leukocyte count and blood potassium. Non-injected animals maintained in He-O2 at 1 ATA and 11 ATA showed no deviation from ambient air control animals. Injected animals in He-O2 at 1 ATA showed no changes from those in ambient air, but animals injected and exposed to 11 ATA did not have a decreased serum protein level or an increase in potassium. PMID- 1252208 TI - Evaluating the ability of aircrew personnel to hear speech in their operational environments. AB - High-quality tape recordings were constructed of single, double, and triple word test items from the six monosyllabic work lists of the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT), a multiple-choice intelligibility test. The test workd were incorporated in a carrier phrase somewhat analogous to typical aircraft radio messages. The recorded lists were mixed with shaped noise and played back to a group of listeners at three speech-to-noise ratios. The regular closed-response format of the MRT was utilized for all three types of test items. There was little difference in overall listener performance for the single, double, and triple word test items. Because of their more representative message length and decreased testing time, the triple word test items will be utilized in subsequent data-gathering studies directed toward the development of an efficient reliable test for assessing the ability of aircrew personnel to hear speech in their operational environments. PMID- 1252210 TI - Pulmonary function evaluation during the Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz missions. AB - Previous experience during Apollo postflight exercise testing indicated no major changes in pulmonary function. Pulmonary function has been studied in detail following exposure to hypoxic and hyperoxic normal gravity environments, but no previous study has reported on men exposed to an environment that was both normoxic at 258 torr total pressure and at null gravity as encountered in Skylab. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured during the preflight and postflight periods of the Skylab 2 mission. Inflight measurements of vital capacity (VC) were obtained during the last 2 weeks of the second manned mission (Skylab 3). More detailed pulmonary function screening was accomplished during the Skylab 4 mission. The primary measurements made during Skylab 4 testing included residual volume determination (RV), closing volume (CV), VC, FVC and its derivatives. In addition, VC was measured in flight at regular intervals during the Skylab 4 mission. Vital capacity was decreased slightly (-10%) in flight in all Skylab 4 crewmen. No major preflight-to-postflight changes were observed. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crewmen were studied using equipment and procedures similar to those employed during Skylab 4. Postflight evaluation of the ASTP crewmen was complicated by their inadvertent exposure to nitrogen tetroxide gas fumes upon reentry. PMID- 1252209 TI - Effects of acute heat stress on tissue carbohydrate in fasted rats. AB - Exposure of starved female rats to 45 degrees C db, 26 degrees C wb for 0.25-2 h tended to lower blood glucose levels, and increase blood lactate levels, compared with controls at 24 degrees C db, 14 degrees C wb. There was a sustained liver glycogenolysis, but no detectable change in muscle glycogen level. Despite the severity of the stress, the effect of a high environmental temperature on carbohydrate metabolism cannot be satisfactorily interpreted in terms of increased adrenal medullary activity. It is suggested that increased respiratory muscle activity may explain the changes observed. PMID- 1252211 TI - Associations between psychological factors and pulmonary toxicity during intermittent oxygen breathing at 2 ATA. AB - Associations between the psychological and pulmonary effects of breathing intermittent oxygen at 2 ATA were examined among four experienced divers. A fifth diver, who served as a control, breathed only normoxic nitrogen. Psychological tests included digit span, short-term memory for easy and difficult word associations, simple and complex psychomotor performance, and reported moods. The criterion of oxygen toxicity was the total hours of intermittent oxygen exposure tolerated before developing a 10% reduction in vital capacity. Short-term memory for difficult word associations and self-reported moods of Activity, Depression, Fatigue, and Happiness were found to be significantly correlated with this criterion of oxygen toxicity. Part of the impairment found on these measures, however, was probably related to the absence of adequate sleep and rest as evidenced by the worsened performance of the control diver over the 15-h testing period. The results replicated the findings of earlier research on the psychological effects of continuous oxygen breathing under hyperbaric conditions and at 1 ATA, and may indicate that oxygen intesifies the effects of other stressors such as fatigue. In addition, the results showed that reported moods may be important indicators of impending pulmonary toxicity during intermittent oxygen exposure. PMID- 1252212 TI - Cross-validation study of the personality aspects of involvement in pilot-error accidents. AB - Pilot-error accidents have dominated accident statistics consistently from the 1940s to the present. Sanders and Hofmann (3) found that three factors from Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) significant differences (p less than 0.05) between pilot-error accident groups and were used to correctly classify 86% of the aviators tested as to their previous pilot-error accident involvement. There were 66 aviators given the 16 PF in the present study in an attempt to cross-validate the findings reported in the original study. The results indicate that the personality factors did not significantly discriminate between the pilot-error accident groups. The primary personality differences between the present sample and the original sample were due to variations in the pilot-error accident-free groups. The findings indicate that individual differences in personality characterstics of the aviators prevent consistent identification of traits associated with pilot-error groups. PMID- 1252213 TI - Preemployment and periodic physical examination of airline pilots at the Mayo clinic, 1939-1974. AB - A descriptive study of medical disqualifications and deaths in an airline pilot population revealed that, of 2,751 pilot applicants, 145 (5.3%) were rejected by the preemployment company medical examination. Of the 145, 117 were rejected because of a primary disqualifying "laboratory" abnormality. During the lifetime of the airline, 103 pilots have retired because of medical reasons, primarily cardiovascular, and 120 have died, the majority in aircraft accidents. The rate of medical disqualification is minimal before the age of 45 years, but it increases rapidly thereafter. By use of the actuarial survivorship method, it was determined that the chance of a pilot reaching retirement age in this airline company was less than 50%, although his chance of not reaching retirement age because of medical reasons was only 20%. Based on the results of this study, a departure from the "traditional" periodic company medical examination program is suggested. PMID- 1252214 TI - Paroxysmal and chronic atrial fibrillation in airman certification. AB - Of the 757,693 airmen with valid FAA medical certificates on Oct. 31, 1974, 125 (all males but one) had a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occurred once in 91, twice in 14, and more than twice in 20 airmen, and were attributed to one or more of 23 factors in 72 of the medical records studied. Associated symptoms reported in 27 records were considered serious enough to produce pilot incapacitation. Chronic atrial fibrillation was idiopathic in all but one airman, who developed this arrhythmia following atrial septal defect repair. Medical records report no associated symptoms, and heart rates, resting and in response to exercise, were reported as within normal limits. PMID- 1252215 TI - Care of patients after cardiac catheterization. AB - In an effort to provide more definitive diagnosis for Air Force flyers referred to the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, cardiac catherization has been performed, as indicated, on over 425 flyers since 1971. Since they are an apparently healthy and asymptomatic population, their recovery after cardiac catheterization is usually uneventful. However, the nurse must be able to recognize and interpret significant potential and/or existing post catheterization complications. Nursing care of the patient after this procedure is essential to the successful completion of the test. Since any invasive procedure can lead to complications, quick and accurate nursing assessment and action are essential. The possible complications of cardiac catheterization which the nurse may encounter have been divided into possible causes, and a suggested plan of action. Reference tables are provided for each of the two main classifications, in an effort to provide quick guidance for the nurse responsible for care of the patients after catheterization. PMID- 1252216 TI - On detection of the Staphylococcal enterotoxin A by aggregate-hemagglutination technique and electron-microscopic data on this toxin. AB - Recently, great success has been attained in studies on agents responsible for food intoxication. The modern stage of research on food intoxication of bacterial etiology is qualitatively different from previous ones, since many investigators ignored the determination of food toxic agents and instituted direct investigation of biologically active substances produced by microorganisms which could cause food intoxications, i.e., enterotoxins. The data presented in this work concern the problem of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin, which was identified by Casman in 1960 (2). Our interest in enterotoxins of this kind originates from statistics on staphylococcal intoxication, since 49% of the latter is caused by St. aureus stamms, producing enterotoxin A. PMID- 1252217 TI - The new object reaction of Rattus rattus L: the relative importance of various cues. PMID- 1252218 TI - The relationship of the cochlear microphonic potential to the acquisition of a classically conditioned pupillary dilation response. PMID- 1252219 TI - Habituation of the orienting response after medial and lateral septal lesions in the albino rat. PMID- 1252220 TI - Cortical spreading depression and memory transfer: a methodological critique. PMID- 1252221 TI - Increased running wheel activity and dyadic behavior of rats with hippocampal granule cell deficits. PMID- 1252223 TI - Motivational and personality trait relationships in mate selection. AB - This article discusses the question of homogamy and/or heterogamy in human mate selection with particular emphasis on Winch's principles of type I and type II complementarity. The experiment was performed on 82 married couples, at least one spouse of which was a graduate student at the University of Illinois. All were given the 16PF, the Motivational Analysis Test (MAT), and the Marriage Role Questionnaire. The authors found that except for fear and pugnacity all husband wife trait correlations were positive, in contrast to Winch's principle of type I complementarity. They also found that their data did not support Winch's principle of type II complementarity. PMID- 1252222 TI - Influence of sucrose preexposure on acquisition of a conditioned aversion. PMID- 1252224 TI - Genetic and environmental correlations between brain weight and maze learning in inbred strains of mice and their F1 hybrids. AB - The relationships among body weight, cerebellum weight, cerebrum weight, maze learning ability in a double T-maze, and discrimination learning in a Y-maze were studied in six inbred strains of mice and some of their F1 hybrids. The subjects were 131 male albino mice from 14 genotypic groups: five inbred groups and nine groups of crossbred offspring. Intra- and intergroup correlations were computed between all possible pairs of the anatomical and behavioral traits. A significant difference between the intragroup and intergroup correlations for any pair of variables was taken to indicate the presence of a genetic correlation between the two variables. On this basis, positive genetic correlations were indicated between T-maze learning ability and Y-maze learning ability, between body weight and T-maze learning ability, and possibility between body weight and both cerebellum and cerebrum weight and between cerebrum weight and T-maze learning ability. Negative genetic correlations were indicated between cerebellum weight and running time in both mazes and between total number of successes in the Y maze and Y-maze running time. PMID- 1252225 TI - Effects of floor textures on open-field behavior in selected lines of mice. AB - Mice representing the twenty-second generation of selection for high and low open field activity were tested on four different floor textures: soil, bedding, metal, and astroturf. Members of both groups were most active on soil and least active on the metal floor surface. Although floor texture significantly affected activity level, rank order of the high and low selected groups was maintained. In general, defecation scores were negatively correlated with activity. PMID- 1252226 TI - [Legal evaluation of teat disinfection]. PMID- 1252227 TI - [Toe- and footpad ulcers in fattening turkeys]. PMID- 1252228 TI - [Towards a formal pathogenesis of experimental sodium selenite poisoning in broilers]. PMID- 1252229 TI - Movement of tropomyosin during regulation of vertebrate skeletal muscle: a simple physical model. PMID- 1252230 TI - Plasma membrane glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of the human lymphoblastoid cell-line BRI 8 and differences between the GSLs of BRI 8 cells and those of peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 1252231 TI - Acetylcholine stimulation of selective increases in stearic and arachidonic acids in phosphatidic acid in mouse pancreas. PMID- 1252232 TI - Influence of a lipogenic diet on the cholesterol synthesis in rats in vivo. PMID- 1252233 TI - Influence of fasting and cholesterol feeding on the cholesterol synthesis in rats in vivo. PMID- 1252234 TI - Protein-lipid interactions glycophorin and dipalmitolyphosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1252235 TI - Evidence for an "active serine" in each fatty acid synthetase peptide. PMID- 1252236 TI - Leghemoglobin: different roles for different components? PMID- 1252237 TI - Nanosecond emission anisotropy of interacting enzymes aspartate aminotransferase glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1252238 TI - Crystal and molecular conformation of the fluorescent probe. 8-anilino-1 naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS). PMID- 1252239 TI - Mechanism of ethidium bromide inhibition of RNA polymerase. PMID- 1252240 TI - Quantitative radiochemical enzyme assays in single cells: purine phosphoribosyl transferase activities in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 1252241 TI - Occurrence of a D-glucosyltransferase in germinating pea seeds and isolation of an endogenous acceptor. PMID- 1252242 TI - The roles of cathepsins B1 and D in the digestion of cytoplasmic protiens in vitro by lysosomal extracts. PMID- 1252243 TI - Study on the regulatory role of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in the formation of AMP in rat skeletal muscle. A mechanism for synchronization of glycolysis and the purine nucleotide cycle. PMID- 1252244 TI - Serum lipoproteins as cholesterol donors to mycoplasma membranes. PMID- 1252245 TI - Activation of porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by zero valence sulfur and rhodanese. PMID- 1252246 TI - Characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle and reconstitution in planar phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 1252247 TI - Purification of nonbindable and membrane-bindable mitochondrial hexokinase from rat brain. PMID- 1252248 TI - A gentle method for the lysis of oral streptococci. PMID- 1252249 TI - Amino acid sequence of bovine neurophysin-II: a reinvestigation. PMID- 1252250 TI - Perifused fat cells-kinetic analysis of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. PMID- 1252251 TI - Effects of trazodone on serotonin in the brain and platelets of the rat. PMID- 1252252 TI - Subcellular site of acetaldehyde oxidation in rat liver. PMID- 1252253 TI - Studies on the effect of xylitol on oxalate formation. PMID- 1252254 TI - Inhibition of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylation with p-chloroamphetamine. PMID- 1252255 TI - Examination of the metabolism in vitro of parathion (diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate) by rat lung and brain. PMID- 1252256 TI - Accumulation of etorphine by slices of cerebral cortex and corpus striatum of rats. PMID- 1252257 TI - Effects of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital on protein metabolism in the rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 1252258 TI - Inhibition of intracellular pyrimidine ribonucleotide reduction by deoxycytidine, arabinosylcytosine and hydroxyurea. PMID- 1252259 TI - Uptake of acetylcholine by human placenta fragments and slices from guinea pig and rat placenta. PMID- 1252260 TI - N-acetylation as a route of 2,4-toluenediamine metabolism by hamster liver cytosol. PMID- 1252261 TI - Coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis share many common features. However the presence of rheumatoid factor, histologically classic rheumatoid nodules, and the histocompatibility cell wall antigen (HLA-B27) helps distinguish one from the other. Two cases are reported in which these features established the coexisting diagnoses of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1252262 TI - Correlations between transaminase concentrations and serum salicylate concentration in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Simultaneous measurements of serum salicylate, SGPT, and SGOT concentrations were made on 92 children receiving salicylates for arthritis during a 13-month period. Statistical correlations were found between salicylate and transaminase concentrations in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis when in active stages. However elevated transaminase levels occurred with low salicylate levels and during inactive stages, and were inconstant in individual patients. Marked transaminase abnormalities were transient and appeared unpredictably in individual patients. Some factor in addition to salicylate concentration must be involved in raising serum transaminase levels. No evidence of chronic hepatotoxicity was noted. PMID- 1252264 TI - Letter: Penicillamine in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 1252263 TI - Perforation of nasal septum in rheumatic diseases. AB - Perforation of the nasal septum was noted in 12 patients with rheumatic disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Biopsies were taken from the rim of the perforation in 7 of the 12 and revealed no vasculitis, immunoglobulin deposition, or consistent abnormality. Nasal septal perforation is an occasional finding in rheumatic disease and the cause is unknown. PMID- 1252265 TI - Letter: Gout and hypothyroidism in males. PMID- 1252266 TI - Gold overdose treated with BAL. PMID- 1252267 TI - Letter: Pre-Columbian representation of Heberden's nodes. PMID- 1252268 TI - Specific detection and semiquantitation of microorganisms in tissue by nucleic acid hybridization. II. Investigation of synovia from pigs with chronic Erysipelothrix arthritis. AB - Synovial tissues from animals with chronic Erysipelothrix arthritis were examined by a technique based on RNA-DNA hybridization in an attempt to detect the inducing organism, Erysipelothrix insidiosa (EI). Twelve synovial specimens from 5 animals whose joints lacked culturable EI also lacked EI detectable by this technique. Because the technique is capable of detecting approximately one organism per 50 mammalian cells, it is concluded that no more than this number were present in the involved tissue. Implications of these results for proposed pathogenetic mechanisms in this disorder and in human rheumatoid arthritis are discussed. PMID- 1252269 TI - Experimental hemarthrosis in the knee of the mature canine. AB - The knee joints of 14 skeletally mature mongrel dogs were subjected to a continuous hemarthrosis. Minimal morphologic changes of the articular cartilage did not occur until after 16 weeks. As early as 4 weeks, biochemical analyses showed a significant decrease in glycosaminoglycans (GAG) that became progressively more severe with time, whereas total collagen was not significantly altered until after 12 and 16 weeks. Bioengineering measurements of the experimental cartilage surfaces showed that the tissue becomes more deformable as well as less resistive to shear than the control at 8 weeks. These differences increased as the duration of hemarthrosis increased. PMID- 1252270 TI - Reduction of phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme release from human leukocytes by serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serums from 22 of 30 (73.3%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) interfered significantly with particle (zymosan) uptake and subsequent release from normal human neutrophils of lysosomal enzymes. SLE serums with low as well as those with normal functional hemolytic complement activity (CH50) suppressed phagocytosis and enzyme release despite the presence of normal serum in cell suspensions. The defect did not appear to be caused by anticomplementary activity of serum. Serums from patients whose clinical activity of disease varied from none to severe and whose treatment varied from none to high doses of prednisone were capable of suppressing phagocytosis and enzyme release. The severity of clinical SLE activity did not affect the degree of suppression. Serums from patients treated with corticosteroids were more inhibitory than serums from patients not so treated. The nature of the inhibitor is unknown. PMID- 1252271 TI - Dermatoglyphic study of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Dermatoglyphic patterns were analyzed from two races of patients with SLE: a Mexican-American series of 27 females with SLE and 28 matched controls, and a Caucasian series of 28 females with SLE and 26 matched controls. Eighty-five measurements and 23 indices were analyzed. From these data, eleven parameters were statistically significant, four separating the Mexican-American SLE group from their controls and seven separating the Caucasian SLE group from their controls (P values less than 0.002 to less than 0.05). Only two parameters were significantly different between the two normal series, but nine parameters differentiated the Mexican-American SLE from the Caucasian SLE groups. A multiple linear discriminant function was computed using the most significant parameters. A misclassification rate of 25-30% was observed between patients and matched controls. Dermatoglyphic patterns have been shown to be genetically controlled. These data suggest a genetic abnormality associated with SLE. PMID- 1252272 TI - Hemarthrosis associated with sodium warfarin therapy. AB - Three patients with hemarthrosis of the knee joint complicating sodium warfarin oral anticoagulation therapy are described. In all 3 the prothrombin time was at least 2.4 times the control value at the time of hemarthrosis. After initial bleeding was controlled, 2 patients had recurrences at times when their prothrombin times were again more than 2.5 times greater than those of the normal control subject. Joint symptoms persisted in all patients until the warfarin dose was substantially decreased or discontinued. Underlying joint disease was present in 1 individual and may have predisposed him to the occurrence of hemarthrosis. No long-term joint damage was recognized as resulting from the hemarthrosis at followup 1 to 2 years later. The authors conclude that hemathrosis associated with oral anticoagulant therapy occurs when the prothrombin time is excessively prolonged any may remain symptomatic until anticoagulation is reduced or discontinued. Management includes careful diagnostic aspiration, despite the prolonged prothrombin time, and discontinuation of anticoagulation. PMID- 1252273 TI - Services of the speech clinician in schools: progress and prospects. PMID- 1252274 TI - Presidential report: ASHA: beginning the next fifty years. PMID- 1252275 TI - Characteristics of ASHA members employed full time during 1973. PMID- 1252276 TI - Aphasia: language without thought or thought without language? PMID- 1252277 TI - Telephone typewriter communication for the deaf. PMID- 1252278 TI - A new model for human bioassay of topical corticosteroids. AB - The aiblity of topical corticosteroids to reduce the size of weals induced with histamine on human skin was used as a human bioassay model to assess their relative efficacy. Histamine was introduced by the pinprick method and various topical corticosteroids were assessed. It is a simple, easy and reliable procedure which can be used on both white and dark people. Even though it is a non-clinical assay, it possesses close similarity to processes involved in the development of clinical dermatoses. PMID- 1252279 TI - Influence of heating conditions on the thermoluminescence sensitivity of TLD-LiF phosphors. PMID- 1252280 TI - Retention of injected 239Pu by chinchillas. PMID- 1252281 TI - The preparation of carrier free radiobromine: the separation of KBrO3 and KBr using an organic solvent. PMID- 1252282 TI - Minor radioactive impurities in a 99mTc-eluate. PMID- 1252283 TI - Letter: Factors causing anomalous results in liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 1252284 TI - A simplified instrument for solid-state high-gamma dosimetry. PMID- 1252285 TI - Liquid scintillation counting of tritiated water in plasma following dioxane precipitation. PMID- 1252286 TI - A comparative study of chemically and enzymatically radioiodinated transferrin. PMID- 1252287 TI - Spinal calcium: its in vivo measurement in man. PMID- 1252288 TI - Effect of environmental temperatures on oxygen consumption in infants with congenital disease of the heart. AB - The effect of changes in environmental temperature on the oxygen consumption in babies with congenital disease of the heart has been studied and it has been shown that an inverse relation exists between those two variables. The significance of these findings on the practice of calculating systemic and pulmonary blood flow from predicted values of oxygen consumption is discussed. PMID- 1252289 TI - Spasm of left main coronary artery. AB - A 46-year-old male patient with atypical angina pectoris appeared to have an important elongated stenosis of the left main coronary artery on coronary arteriography, and slight irregularities in the left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries. A saphenous vein bypass graft to the left anterior descending artery was performed, and this relieved the patient's symptoms. Postoperative coronary arteriography demonstrated a widely patent left main coronary artery and graft. The original narrowing of the left main coronary artery was probably caused by spasm and the source of the patient's anginal symptom. PMID- 1252290 TI - Cor triatriatum dexter with imperforate Ebstein's anomaly. AB - A case of cor triatriatum dexter is described in which the anomalous right atrial partition is identified as the right venous valve; there is an associated anomaly of the right atrioventricular valve which combines features of Ebstein's anomaly, and an atypical, imperforate, tricuspid atresia. PMID- 1252291 TI - Granulomatous mitral valve obstruction. AB - Acquired non-rheumatic valvular mitral valve obstruction is extremely rare. A case of mitral valve obstruction is described which resulted from a granulomatous mass replacing the valve cusps. The problems in diagnosis and probable aetiology are discussed. PMID- 1252292 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function by indices derived from aortic flow velocity. AB - The velocity and acceleration of aortic blood flow were measured by means of a catheter velocity probe in 40 patients during routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Ten different variables were derived from the aortic velocity measurements, and their ability to discriminate between good and bad left ventricular (LV) function was tested. By means of eight conventional indices of LV function derived from pressure, mean flow, and quantitative cineangiography, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1, good LV function; group 2, moderate LV function; group 3, poor LV function. Aortic peak velocity and maximal acceleration correlated well with stroke volume and were thus indices of LV pump function. Aortic peak velocity also showed a significant correlation with LV stroke work. Both aortic peak velocity and maximal acceleration failed to discriminate between the three groups of patients, and correlated poorly with conventional indices of LV function. The mean values of stroke volume differed significantly between groups 1 and 2, and between groups 1 and 3, and also correlated better with the conventional functional indices. The best discrimination between normal and abnormal LV function was provided by dividing stroke volume by maximal acceleration, but stroke volume divided by peak velocity discriminated better than stroke volume alone. Stroke volume divided by maximal acceleration also gave more significant individual correlations with the conventional functional indices than did any other variable derived from aortic velocity. PMID- 1252293 TI - Congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome. AB - Eighty cases of Down's syndrome were found among 1504 children with congenital heart disease under the age of 15 years. The most common cardiac anomaly, ventricular septal defect, was found in 49 per cent of the 80 cases studied, while the second most frequently encountered anomaly, common atrioventricular canal, was found in 15%. Haemodynamic investigations of 24 cases of ventricular septal defect showed Eisenmenger's syndrome to be present in 10 cases; this seemed to appear at an earlier age in mongoloid children than in other children with ventricular septal defect. Right-to-left shunt was found in 5 out of 9 cases of common atrioventricular canal. Pulmonary hypertension was found in all of 24 cases of ventricular septal defect and in 7 of 9 cases of common atrioventricular canal. The cumulative survival up to 10 years was 64% for girls and 49% for boys. Death was most commonly the result of pulmonary complications which occurred in 22 out of the 34 patients who died. PMID- 1252294 TI - Constancy of pressure-rate product in pacing-induced angina pectoris. AB - The pressure-rate product during anginal pain produced by right atrial pacing was studied in 12 patients before, during, and after an angiotensin infusion sufficient to produce a significant rise in blood pressure. During the infusion the pain occurred at a significantly lower heart rate (P less than 0.001). However, the pressure-rate product was similar during anginal pain before and during the angiotensin-induced hypertension and after it wore off. Our studies support the concept that in each individual there is a constant level of myocardial oxygen consumption, as expressed by the pressure-rate product, at which anginal pain occurs. PMID- 1252295 TI - Usefulness of systolic time intervals in differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. AB - Systolic time intervals in 15 patients with constrictive pericarditis and seven patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy were compared in order to assess their value in the differential diagnosis of the two disorders. Clinical examination had failed to make the distinction. Right heart catheterization was helpful in diagnosing restriction but failed to differentiate patients with constrictive pericarditis from those with restrictive cardiomyopathy. The systolic time intervals clearly separated the two groups. The PEP/LVET was normal in all patients with constrictive pericarditis (0.34 +/- 0.01) and abnormal in all patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (0.70 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.001). In 13 patients (five with restrictive cardiomyopathy and eight with constrictive pericarditis) the results of quantitative left ventricular angiocardiography were available. A high correlation (r=-0.90, P less than 0.01) between the PEP/LVET and the ejection fraction confirmed the validity of the PEP/LVET as a measure of left ventricular performance in these patients. Thus the systolic time intervals clearly distinguished between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy and are a reliable non-invasive technique for making the difficult differential diagnosis. PMID- 1252296 TI - Systolic time intervals in the differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and cardiomyopathy. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured from simultaneously recorded phonocardiograms, carotid pulse tracings, and electrocardiograms in 11 patients with constrictive pericarditis and in 10 patients with cardiomyopathy to assess the value of STI in the differential diagnosis of the two conditions. The predicted ejection fraction was calculated from the STI. The results were compared and found significantly different in the two groups of patients. The ratio PEP/LVET and the ejection fraction were found to have greater discriminatory values and separated the two groups clearly. Measurement of STI, a simple, noninvasive bedside technique, appears to be useful in distinguishing between constrictive pericarditis and cardiomyopathy. PMID- 1252297 TI - Instantaneous mitral valve leaflet velocity and its relation to left ventricular wall movement in normal subjects. AB - Echocardiograms showing mitral valve leaflets, interventricular septum, and posterior wall of the left ventricle simultaneously were recorded at a paper speed of 100 mm/s in 20 normal subjects. These records were manually digitized and a computer was used to derive mitral valve velocity, left ventricular dimension, and its rate of change continuously throughout a single cardiac cycle. The pattern of instantaneous mitral valve velocity with respect to time was similar in all subjects studied, showing a peak opening rate of 400 +/- 60 mm/s (mean +/- 1 SD), and continuously changing velocity throughout the period of mid diastolic closure. The peak diastolic closure rate was 250 +/- 60 mm/s and thus appreciably higher than average velocities obtained by manually measuring the slope. A close time relation existed between mitral valve and left ventricular wall movement in early diastole. Forward movement of the anterior leaflet began 1 +/- 6 ms after the onset of outward wall movement, and peak velocity was reached 2 +/- 7 ms after the maximum rate of change of dimension. Later, a discontinuity in wall movement at the end of rapid filling preceded a corresponding discontinuity in the mitral valve velocity tracing by 5 +/- 10 ms. The technique, therefore, allows continuous measurement of mitral valve velocity, and demonstrates its close relation to left ventricular wall movement during diastole. PMID- 1252298 TI - Clinical experience with left main coronary artery stenosis. AB - We report the clinical features and the results of investigation and surgery in 20 patients with significant left main coronary artery stenosis. All had moderate to severe angina; 8 had pain at rest. Three had dyspnoea as a major symptom. The electrocardiogram was abnormal in 17, with evidence of previous myocardial infarction in 10. Of the 11 patients exercised, 8 developed chest pain. Nine patients had a normal left ventriculogram. At coronary angiography all patients had major disease elsewhere in addition to the left main coronary artery stenosis. There were no deaths or major complications associated with this investigation. One patient was unsuitable for surgery because of diffuse left ventricular hypokinesia, one had a fatal myocardial infarction while awaiting operation, and there was one preoperative death. Sixteen of the 17 surgical survivors are free from angina. There has been a significant improvement in the maximum exercise capacity in the 10 patients who had pre- and postoperative exercise tests. PMID- 1252299 TI - Sustained release procainamide in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - Sustained release procainamide tablets were administered to 34 patients 48 hours after the onset of an acute myocardial infarct. Therapeutic blood levels of procainamide in the range of 4 to 8 mug/ml were consistently achieved using an 8 hourly maintenance dose of 1.5g after an initial loading dose of 2g. In contrast conventional procainamide capsules administered to 21 comparable patients repeatedly failed to produce plasma concentrations in the therapeutic range, despite the administration of a maintenance dose of 375 mg 3 hourly, after a loading dose of 1g. It is suggested that when the oral administration of procainamide is indicated for the management of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction, a sustained release preparation should be used. PMID- 1252300 TI - Assessment of left ventricular systolic function in man from simultaneous echocardiographic and pressure measurements. AB - Simultaneous measurements of left ventricular dimension and wall thickness by echocardiography, and of pressure by micromanometer, were made at cardiac catheterization in 30 patients with heart disease, in order to study mechanisms of impairment of left ventricular systolic function. Echocardiograms and pressure traces were digitized so that continuous measurements of left ventricular wall thickness and dimensions with their rates of change could be obtained. Ejection fraction was estimated from digitized cineangiograms. In all patients, except those with severe mitral regurgitation, there was close correlation (r=0.92) between peak left ventricular dP/dt and peak rate of reduction of dimension. Myocardial power values, calculated as the product of circumferential shortening rates and wall stress were plotted throughout the cardiac cycle, and peak values in patients with normal left ventricular function were in the range 30 to 60 mW cm-3 myocardium. Pressure-dimension loops were constructed, which reflected the relation between the function of a localized region of cavity studied by echocardiography and that of the ventricle as a whole in the pressure wave form. Incoordinate contraction was associated with distortion of the loop and a reduction in its area to less than 75% that of the maximum for the cycle in question (cycle efficiency). In patients with left ventricular disease, ejection fraction, peak power, and cycle efficiency were all reduced, either singly or in combination. There was no consistent pattern, however, suggesting that clinical left ventricular disease may be the resultant of a number of different types of disturbance. These include structural abnormalities, reduction in peak rates of myocardial shortening or power development, and incoordinate contraction. The present investigation suggests ways in which these may be separated and studied in individual patients. PMID- 1252301 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve calcification. AB - The mitral valve was assessed by echocardiography in 20 patients, aged 27 to 67 years, who subsequently underwent mitral valve replacement. After removal, the mitral valve cusps were examined by direct measurement, radiography, and quantitative calcium extraction. Increased thickness of the E-F echo was found where calcification or fibrosis was present, differentiation by echocardiography alone being unreliable. However, multiple dense parallel E-F echoes were found in all 10 patients with more than 80 milligrammes of calcium in the valve, while a single thin E-F echo indicated the absence of significant calcification or fibrosis. PMID- 1252302 TI - Failure of ST segment elevation to predict severity of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Praecordial ST segment elevation was measured at 35 electrode positions in each of 40 patients admitted to a coronary care unit after acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction. Serial praecordial electrocardiographic maps were recorded to determine (a) the time course as well as reproducibility of measurements of ST segment alterations, and (b) the degree of correlation between the magnitude of ST segment elevation and the severity of infarction, as assessed clinically or by sequential estimations of serum creatine kinase activity. Large variations in ST segment elevation were found in different patients with a comparable degree of myocardial damage, and at intervals of as little as four hours in the same patient. These variations were greater than could be explained by technical factors, and were not related to apparent changes in the patients' clinical status. The patterns of release of myocardial creatine kinase showed that the time course of ST segment elevation was longer than the period of myocardial necrosis. No correlation was found between the myocardial infarct size as determined by enzyme release and the highest levels of ST segment elevation recorded. The findings suggest that ST segment elevation as measured by praecordial electrocardiographic mapping does not constitute a reliable index of the size or severity of myocardial infarcts in man. PMID- 1252303 TI - Sinus node dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The frequency, clinical course, and prognosis of sinus node dysfunction in 431 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit were studied. Sinus node dysfunction occurred in 20 patients. In 13, the principal manifestation consisted of severe sinus bradycardia. In the remaining 7, periods of bradycardia alternating with episodes of supraventricular tachycardia were noted. Though several of the patients with sinus bradycardia required intravenous atropine or temporary pacing, normal sinus rhythm returned in virtually all during follow-up. The clinical course of patients with both bradycardia and tachycardia was less benign, during the acute phase and during follow-up; 5 of the 6 survivors required continued antiarrhythmic therapy or permanent pacing. The differences in the clinical course between these two groups of patients may reflect distinct underlying pathological changes. The findings in this study suggest that in contrast to sinus bradycardia, the occurrence of bradycardia tachycardia syndrome during the acute phase of myocardial infarction may have important prognostic implications. PMID- 1252305 TI - Hepatitis B as a hazard in anaesthetic practice. AB - Hepatitis B is a hazard in anaesthetic practice because the virus is carried in the blood, and operative, investigative or obstetric procedures involve the shedding of blood. A list is given of classes of potential carrier, who should be tested for hepatitis B antigen (HBAg), and a procedure is outlined for minimizing the risk to staff engaged on surgical operations on hepatitis carriers. The carrier state in a patient is not regarded as a contraindication to any necessary operation, nor, in a doctor, to the practice of medicine. PMID- 1252304 TI - Significance of serum enzyme changes after cardiac catheterization and selective coronary arteriography. AB - The serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LD) and alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBD) were determined before and 3, 6, 18, and 36 hours after cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography in 56 consecutive patients with ischaemic heart disease. Five of these patients whose serum enzyme levels were higher than normal before the procedure were excluded from the study. Forty-one of the remaining 51 patients had left ventriculography and also selective coronary arteriography. In these 41 patients (groups 1 and 2--see below), the mean serum CK levels increased after the procedure to exceed the upper limit of normal at every study interval. The mean serum AST, LD, and HBD levels generally remained within the normal range at all study intervals, though serum AST increased abnormally in 9 of the 41 patients (22%) and serum LD and HBD each increased above the normal limit in 2 of 41 patients (4.9%). In 24 patients (group 1) whose coronary arteriograms showed insignificant coronary narrowing (less than 75%) in any of the three major coronary arteries, the increase in serum CK was significantly higher than in 17 patients (group 2) with greater than 75% narrowings in at least one of the three major coronary arteries. However, the degree of serum CK elevation observed during the postangiographic period was much lower than that in another group of 30 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. In 10 patients (group 3) who had the same procedure as groups 1 and 2 except without the selective coronary arteriography, the serum enzyme levels showed no noticeable increase after the procedure. The difference in postangiographic serum CK elevation between patients with and without selective coronary arteriography and the difference between group 1 (without significant coronory narrowing) and group 2 (with significant narrowing) strongly suggest that the raised serum CK levels represent some form of myocardial damage caused by the coronary arteriography, which, however, is different at least in degree from that of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1252306 TI - Clinical pharmacology of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 1252307 TI - Letter: Reaction to oral trimeprazine. PMID- 1252308 TI - Letter: Reaction to althesin. PMID- 1252309 TI - Letter: Malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 1252310 TI - Letter: A return to trichlorethylene. PMID- 1252311 TI - Infection control in intensive care. PMID- 1252312 TI - The influence of carboxyhaemoglobin on the oxygen-binding capacity of blood. A comparison of manometric (Van Slyke) and optical (Co-Oximeter) measurements. AB - Oxygen content measurements determined optically by the Co-Oximeter correlated closely with those obtained using the manometric technique of Van Slyke. In those samples with a high content of carbon monoxide, the agreement between the two methods could be improved, by taking into consideration the concentration of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), since this plays no part in oxygen transport. The calculated values of the oxygen-binding capacity varied widely, with mean values less than the theoretical figure of 1.39 ml O2/g Hb. This difference was greater in those samples with a higher content of COHb. When the amount of haemoglobin combined with COHb was taken into consideration the mean corrected values approximated to the theoretical value of 1.39, thus supporting this as the mean value for the oxygen-binding capacity of haemoglobin, although the large individual variability persisted. PMID- 1252313 TI - Long-term assessment of extradural analgesia for the relief of pain in labour. I: Conducting a survey. AB - A method of survey for the long-term assessment of extradural analgesia in labour is described. The difficulties and problems of collecting the data are discussed. PMID- 1252314 TI - Long-term assessment of extradural analgesia for the relief of pain in labour. II: Sense of "deprivation" after extradural analgesia in labour: relevant or not? AB - Ninety-nine mothers who received extradural analgesia, and 95 who received conventional methods of analgesia for the relief of pain in labour, were interviewed at 18-24 months following delivery. An increase of about 2% in the proportion of mothers experiencing a sense of "deprivation" in the long term in comparison with the findings recorded immediately after delivery was noted. This was not accompanied by the need to seek psychiatric treatment. PMID- 1252315 TI - Changes in kidney and liver function after methoxyflurane (penthrane) anaesthesia. AB - Three groups of patients receiving methoxyflurane or halothane or pethidine after thiopentone suxamethonium induction were compared. Using multivariate Student t tests with simultaneous confidence intervals, significant differences in the test battery of uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and sodium in the methoxyflurane series compared with the other series was found, indicating transient impaired kidney function. Likewise, there was a significant difference between the methoxyflurane and the other series in the s.g.p.t., s.g.o.t., alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin test battery, indicating impaired liver function. This was found after doses less than 16 ml which, so far, had been considered to be without any toxic effects. PMID- 1252316 TI - Pertinence and precision in pollution measurements. AB - A new approach for the study of the pollution of operating theatre atmospheres by volatile anaesthetic agents is described. Disadvantages of earlier work are discussed together with ways in which they may be overcome. Some pitfalls in analysis, sampling and standardization are indicated and some hazards of incorrect data interpretation are shown. The need for a cautious and critical attitude is emphasized. PMID- 1252317 TI - The effect of blood flow upon the activity of gallamine triethiodide. AB - The onset, depth and recovery from paralysis produced by gallamine triethiodide were studied using the tibialis anterior muscle/sciatic nerve preparation in mongrel dogs, during changes in blood flow to this muscle. A roller pump was used to effect the blood flow changes via an aorto-femoral shunt. The onset and depth of paralysis were related directly to muscle blood flow. There was no correlation between the rate of recovery from paralysis and the blood flow to the muscle. PMID- 1252318 TI - Effect of inhalation anaesthetics on division of bone-marrow cells in vitro. AB - The effect of halothane or nitrous oxide or both, on division of cultured, murine bone-marrow cells was investigated. Halothane caused a dose-dependent depression of growth rate ranging from a minimal effect at 0.5% to almost total inhibition at 2.0%. Nitrous oxide 75% had an effect similar to 0.5% halothane and the combination of 0.75% halothane with 75% nitrous oxide produced results little different from 1.0% halothane alone. There was good recovery from 1.0% but not from 2.0% halothane. It is concluded that, in vitro, bone-marrow cells show a similar sensitivity to these agents as was found for other mammalian cell lines which have been investigated. The effect of nitrous oxide was no more than proportional to its narcotic potency relative to halothane. PMID- 1252319 TI - A manometric study of the upper oesophagus in the dog following cuffed-tube tracheostomy. AB - Intraluminal oesophageal pressures were measured in dogs after tracheostomy and intubation with either uncuffed or cuffed tracheostomy tubes. Possible explanations for disordered swallowing following tracheostomy were found in those animals intubated with cuffed tracheostomy tubes: (a) Increased intraluminal pressures were measured in the oesophagus at the level of the cuffs. (b) Significantly increased pressures were found also 5 and 10 cm below the pharyngo oesophageal junction. (c) The upper oesophageal sphincter relaxed incompletely. PMID- 1252320 TI - Spontaneous recovery of the thumb twitch from neuromuscular block by suxamethonium in anaesthetized man. AB - The neuromuscular blocking effect of repeated bolus administration of suxamethonium 1 mg/kg was observed in 10 healthy surgical patients under enflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. Tachyphylaxis and slow recovery of the thumb twitch occurred in close dose-relationships with transition of Phase I block to Phase II, using train-of-four fade as an indicator of the transition. Failure of the thumb twitch to recover to 75% of control, and subsequent step wise depression from additional doses of suxamethonium had a sudden onset shortly after establishment of marked train-of-four fade. PMID- 1252321 TI - Lumbar disc surgery. A review of a series of patients. PMID- 1252322 TI - Deficiency disease - part II. PMID- 1252323 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda. PMID- 1252324 TI - Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma in insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 1252325 TI - Epidemiology of childhood leukaemia in greater london: A search for evidence of transmission assuming a possibly long latent period. AB - Studies of space-time clustering of cases of childhood leukaemia have yielded equivocal results. This might be because the disease has a long and variable latent period, in which case the usual statistical tests for such clustering are inappropriate. A new statistical method is described which allows for such latent periods. For each patient, periods of "susceptibility" and "infectivity" are defined in which it is assumed he respectively "caught" and could "transmit" the disease. The measure of clustering is taken as the number of patients who were in the "right" place at the "right" time to "catch" the disease from another patient. This test is applied to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (death before age 6) in Greater London in the period 1952-65. Cases are postulated to be "susceptible" at various times before clinical onset of leukaemia, including in utero, and "infective" at various times around onset. Their effective "contacts" at these times are defined as circles of radius up to 4 km around their places of residence at these times. Slight evidence of clustering was found associated with certain of the defined times and distances, but the degree of clustering was small and could reasonably be attributed to chance. It is suggested, however, that this method of analysis might usefully be applied to other sets of such data. No evidence was found to add to our previously reported finding of space time clustering of the dates and places of birth of children with leukaemia. PMID- 1252326 TI - Cell kinetics of urethane-induced murine pulmonary adenomata: II, the growth fraction and cell loss factor. AB - Continuous labelling of urethane induced pulmonary adenomata in adult male A2G mice at intervals up to 20 weeks showed that the growth fraction fell progressively from 18% at 7 weeks to 7% at 20 weeks. This fall appears to be wholly responsible for the decrease in production of adenoma cells with age. A fraction labelled mitoses curve was constructed for pulmonary adenomata at 14 weeks post urethane. Only the first peak was apparent, giving median t2 and ts values of 2 and 9 h respectively. The cell cycle time was calculated at 45 h and the growth fraction at 6-2%, whilst the cell loss factor was estimated at 31%. Other cell loss values were calculated from data on the rate of entry into DNA synthesis obtained previously by double labelling. These values remained constant with time at 83-95%, suggesting that cell loss is in some way linked to cell production. However, the development of polyploidy in adenoma cells could not be eliminated. No areas of necrosis were seen in the adenomata at any time although karyorrhexis occurred in isolated cells. The labelling characteristics of alveolar wall cells in the same lung sections as the adenomata did not vary with time and the continuous labelling curve gave a growth fraction of 1-8%, a DNA synthetic time of 10 h and a cell cycle time of 30 h. PMID- 1252327 TI - Oestradiol synthesis from C19 steroids by human breast cancers. PMID- 1252328 TI - Studies on the stimulation and suppression of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in lymph node cells of mice bearing progressively growing tumours. AB - Host responsiveness to a progressively growing methylcholanthrene (MC) induced tumour (MC6/2) was studied at varying intervals following subcutaneous (s.c.) tumour implantation by monitoring the in vitro incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) into lymph node cells (LNC) undergoing stimulation in vivo and concurrently determining the total numbers of the lymphoid cells present in these organs at each of the time intervals. It was found that an initial period of rapidly increasing stimulation of DNA synthesis in lymph nodes was soon followed by the onset of a stage of decrease of this activity. Within limits, the larger the tumour inoculum the stronger the initial response. The suppression of stimulation of DNA synthesis that ensued appeared to be directly related to the tumour mass and to the dose of tumour cells implanted. The total numbers of the cells accumulating in nodes also increased initially but remained elevated during the subsequent period of tumour growth. Continued presence of the tumour was essential for the increased DNA synthesis in lymph nodes since tumour removal leads to a rapid decrease to levels found in tumour-free animals. These findings demonstrate that the failure to eradicate an antigenic tumour by its host may not be solely due to "desensitizing" and "blocking" factors but that other important mechanisms are also involved. We suggest that the inability to reject the tumour in this situation is dependent in considerable measure on the development of a state of hyporeactivity in the host due to the partial inhibition of the DNA synthetic response, possibly in T cells of the tumour host, due to "suppressor factor(s)" interacting with the immunocompetent cells. PMID- 1252329 TI - Studies on the Fc receptor bearing cells in a transplanted methylcholanthrene induced mouse fibrosarcoma. AB - The presence of Fc receptors on the surface of cell suspensions obtained from a transplanted isogeneic methylcholanthrene induced murine fibrosarcoma has been investigated by determining the capacity of such cells to form rosettes with antibody coated SRBC. These studies indicate that a large percentage of cells in the tumour had Fc receptors on their surface. The proportion of such cells was increased by reducing the number of cells transplanted, by administering cyclophosphamide to the host, and on occasions by the i.p. injection of C. parvum. It was largely unaffected by the route of tumour cell transplantation or by T cell depletion of the host before transplantation but appeared to decline in older (i.e. larger) tumours. Both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells had Fc receptors on their surface. The phagocytic population appeared to be affected most by procedures which altered the overall percentage of Fc receptor bearing cells. The Fc receptor bearing tumour cells were separated from those devoid of Fc receptors on the basis of their adherent properties. Upon transplantation to isogeneic hosts both populations gave rise to tumours containing a high percentage of Fc receptor bearing cells. These studies suggest that many of the Fc receptor bearing cells in our tumour are probably infiltrating cells of host origin. Their significance in relation to tumour growth remains to be established. PMID- 1252330 TI - Spontaneous shedding and antibody induced modulation of histocompatibility antigens on murine lymphomata: Correlation with metastic capacity. AB - The lability of cell surface histocompatibility antigens of 2 murine lymphomata was examined. These 2 tumours differ greatly in their capacity to metastasize in syngeneic hosts. Cells of the metastatic lymphoma released histocompatibility antigens in vivo and in vitro at a greater rate than cells of the non metastasizing lymphoma. Antigen/antibody complexes formed by the addition of allo antiserum to intact cells disappeared more rapidly from the surface of cells of the metastatic line. We propose that the instability of surface antigens may be an integral feature of malignant cells and that there may be a quantitative relationship between the lability of membrane components and the capacity of the tumour to metastasize. PMID- 1252331 TI - Combined local hyperthermia and x-irradiation in the treatment of metastatic tumours. AB - Six patients, all with evidence of metastatic or locally recurrent tumours, were selected for inclusion in a trial study of simultaneous hyperthermia and ionizing radiation therapy. Heat was applied by hot air, or microwaves, or a combination of both. When examined after treatment, 3 patients were found to be free of the lesions treated. One patient had a partial response, followed by regression of the tumour; one patient died with metastases in the lungs and one patient responded to the treatment but died from a massive pulmonary embolus. The simultaneous application of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation therapy was well tolerated. It induced disappearance of tumours in cases where conventional methods had failed, and with far greater efficiency than conventional therapeutic methods. PMID- 1252332 TI - An animal model for screening drugs for antipsoriatic properties using hydroxyapatite to isolate DNA rapidly from the epidermis. AB - A new, rapid, simple and accurate procedure for extracting DNA from the epidermis is described involving hydroxyapatite. This compound has an unique property of high affinity for double stranded native DNA, but none for RNA and protein. The technique has been applied to a hairless mouse model for screening systemic and topical agents for cell inhibitory properties in proliferating epidermis for potential use in the therapy of psoriasis. Mitotic counts, autoradiography and a standard chloroform procedure for isolating DNA have confirmed the results obtained using hydroxyapatite column chromatography. In addition, compounds which are known to be effective in psoriasis, have been found to be effective in the system suggesting that it should be a good predictive screen for new therapies. Of several compounds screened for topical activity, cycloheximide has been found to be very effective in the system and preliminary clinical studies confirm its efficacy in psoriasis. PMID- 1252333 TI - Contact urticaria and anaphylactoid reaction induced by topical application of nitrogen mustard. AB - A 36-year-old woman and a 16-year-old boy, both suffering from mycosis fungoides, developed urticaria and an anaphylactoid reaction after topical whole body application of nitrogen mustard. Prick tests with nitrogen mustard solution produced a weal and flare response. Both patients had previously been treated intermittently with total body application of nitrogen mustard for 2 1/2 years and 1 year respectively without complications. PMID- 1252334 TI - Generalized pustular psoriasis associated with chronic renal failure. PMID- 1252335 TI - Letter: Withdrawal of zinc therapy in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 1252336 TI - The repair of impaired epidermal barrier function in rats by the cutaneous application of linoleic acid. AB - Epidermal barrier function in rats was experimentally impaired by two separate means, namely, by rendering the animals deficient in essential fatty acids and by evoking a primary cutaneous irritant response by treating with a solution of sodium laurate. Impaired barrier function was manifested by a greatly increased rate of transepidermal water loss. Application to the skin of sunflower seed oil, which is rich in linoleic acid, rapidly restored to normal the abnormally high rates of transepidermal water loss in both experimental cases, and it was shown with the essential fatty acid-deficient rats that there was a concomitant incorporation of linoleic acid of the sunflower seed oil into epidermal lipids. Cutaneous application of olive oil, which is low in linoleic acid but rich in the non-essential oleic acid, did not influence epidermal barrier function. A close relationship of barrier function and essential fatty acids is indicated. PMID- 1252337 TI - Elastotic degeneration. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - The formation of elastotic material in the dermis of the exposed skin of elderly persons, and of two younger patients with manifestations of precocious degeneration, was studied by light and by electron microscopy. Initially fine filaments or apparently granular material, or both, appeared around collagen fibres, which were mildly altered. On the exposed sites there was gradual loss of matrix and striation of the collagen forming an amorphous substance in which scattered, optically dense material appeared. Several appearances were common to all subjects. PMID- 1252338 TI - The ultrastructural changes in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis after withdrawal of dapsone. AB - The development of skin lesions in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis after the withdrawal of their dapsone therapy was studied with the electron microscope. In control biopsies from patients prior to cessation of treatment, membrane bound vacuoles were found beneath the basal lamina of the epidermis as previously described. After dapsone withdrawal, there was an apparent increase in the number of vacuoles and occasionally several vacuoles appeared to have coalesced forming an early blister. At this stage, the basal lamina and associated hemidesmosomes were normal although in places there were small discontinuities in the basal lamina. Where the reaction was more intense, vacuoles and cells, mainly eosinophils, were embedded in fibrin de posits. Above this, the basal lamina was usually disrupted with involvement of the basal epidermal cells. These results suggest that the vacuoles do play a part in the formation of the pathological lesion in dermatitis herpetiformis. In addition, the basal lamina is shown to be only secondarily involved. The nature of the vacuoles has still to be elucidated. PMID- 1252339 TI - The leukocyte migration inhibition test in allergic nickel contact dermatitis. AB - No statistical difference was found between the migration indices of nickel sensitive and control subjects using the leukocyte migration inhibition test with two concentrations of nickel sulphate. The results contrast with the specific positive results demonstrated previously in the same subjects with the lymphocyte transformation test. PMID- 1252340 TI - A study on the clinical application of a direct leukocyte migration test in chromium contact allergy. AB - A capillary tube leukocyte migration inhibition assay has been adopted as an in vitro method for the demonstration of chromium hypersensitivity in twenty-two subjects with clinically proven or suspected chromium allergy. Two complexes of trivalent chromium and human serum albumin, exerting different migration inhibitory effects, have been prepared and used as the antigen. In the presence of the chromium-albumin complex with strong inhibitory activity, sensitivity to chromium was demonstrated independent of the clinical condition of the skin in all the patch test positive subjects. An additional positive response to the second chromium-albumin complex was observed only in those patients who were clinically in a state of exacerbation of an allergic contact dermatitis in which chromium allergy was an active causative factor. The results were not influenced by skin allergic reactivity to compounds other than chromium and the method was found to be of practical clinical value for diagnosing chromium allergy. PMID- 1252341 TI - Hair follicle kinetics in psoriasis. AB - The rate of epidermal cell production has been measured in the various parts of scalp hair follicles in patients with psoriasis of the scalp, and in controls with normal scalp skin. An in vitro technique was used in which thin tissue slices were exposed to tritiated thymidine enabling cells about to divide to become autoradiographically labelled. Biopsies from thirteen patients with psoriasis and nine controls were examined in this way. The labelling indices of the interfollicular epidermis was 27-5% in the psoriatics and 9-5% in the controls. The upper part of the external root sheath had a labelling index of 28% in the psoriatic group compared to 13-9% for the controls. The labelling indices of the sebaceous glands, matrices and external root sheaths were very similar in the two groups. The findings support the hypothesis for a dermal stimulating influence causing the increased epidermopoiesis seen in psoriasis. PMID- 1252342 TI - An assessment of high and low temperature tars in Psoriasis. AB - Comparison of the efficacy of crude coal tar from high and low temperature sources in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic psoriasis showed the tars to be equally effective. High temperature tar was then compared with standard refined tar. Again, an equal therapeutic response was achieved. Crude coal tars obtained by the carbonization of coal in coke ovens and in smokeless fuel manufacture can be employed in dermatological therapy in place of the dwindling supplies of crude tar of gasworks origin. PMID- 1252343 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis treated with transfer factor. AB - A patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis resistant to all tropical therapy has had extensive tests of immunological function carried out before and after administration of transfer factor. Immunological testing has been both specific, directed at responses to candida antigen, and non-specific, directed at general assessment of the patient's immune status. Transfer factor has been administered on three occasions in the past year. After each treatment temporary clinical improvement accompanied by changes in both specific and non-specific immunological responses have been observed. The possible mode of action of transfer factor in this case is discussed. PMID- 1252344 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in systemic sclerosis. AB - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas containing thin walled cysts in the intestinal wall and mesentery. It is sometimes associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but has been described most often in patients with gastrointestinal disorders including duodenal and gastric ulceration, small bowel obstruction, regional enteritis and gastrointestinal malignancy. Its association in the patient described below with severe systemic sclerosis is of particular interest. There have been occasional previous reports of this association which should be considered in any patient with systemic sclerosis who develops abdominal symptoms suggestive of acute or sub-acute intestinal obstruction, not readily explicable by other causes. PMID- 1252345 TI - Postoperative progressive gangrene: a reminder. AB - A classical example of progressive postoperative gangrene is described and the relevant literature has been reviewed. After consideration of the evolution and the clinical appearances of the condition, of the consistency of the associated bacterial flora and of the response to antibiotic therapy alone, we suggest that progressive postoperative gangrene is a distinct entity and separate from pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 1252346 TI - Skin necrosis following warfarin therapy. AB - A typical case of skin necrosis following anticoagulant therapy with warfarin is described. PMID- 1252347 TI - A comparison of histocompatibility antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease. AB - The incidence of histocompatibility antigens HL-A, 4a and 4b was studied in thirty-eight patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and thirty-six patients with adult coeliac disease (ACD). The 4b antigen was found in all the DH and ACD patients. HL-A 8 was found in 89% of patients with ACD--similar to the incidence reported in previous studies--and in 79% of patients with DH, a higher incidence than in previous studies which may be due to stricter criteria being used here to diagnose DH. There was no significant difference in the incidence of HL-A 8 between those patients with DH whose small intestinal biopsies appeared macroscopically abnormal and those with a normal macroscopic appearance. These findings suggest that patients with DH form a single disease group and do not support the concept previously postulated that there are two groups of patients with DH, one with an increased incidence of HL-A 8 antigen similar to that in ACD who have a gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE), and another with a normal incidence of HL-A 8 antigen and without enteropathy. PMID- 1252348 TI - Histocompatibility antigens and dermatitis herpetiformis with special reference to jejunal abnormalities and acetylator phenotype. AB - Sixty-one patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were studied. Of these fifty-three (87%) had the histocompatibility (HL-A) antigen HL-A8 as compared with 17% of a control population; the difference is significant. This incidence of HL-A8 among patients with DH is higher than that reported earlier for such patients and is similar to that reported for patients with adult coeliac disease. The incidence of HL-A1 was also significantly greater in the patient group, and was attributed to the increased frequency of haplotype HL-A1, 8. The frequency of HL-A8 was about equal in patients in whom DH was associated with jejunal abnormalities and in those in whom it was not. When correlated with rate of acetylation, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of various HL A antigens. PMID- 1252349 TI - Skin lesions in human yersiniosis. A histopathological and immunohistological study. AB - Various types of skin manifestations of human yersiniosis were examined with routine histological and immunohistological methods. The biopsy material consisted of sixteen cases of erythema nodosum, eight cases of erythema multiforme, and one case of erythema figuratum. The principal histopathological changes in erythema nodosum were septal or diffuse, mild panniculitis and in seven cases also necrotizing vasculitis in small, medium-sized or large arteries. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration without vasculitis was the most prominent feature in erythema figuratum. By using a polyvalent conjugate, immunoglobulins in vessel walls in the dermis were found in two cases of EM. The rapid course of the skin eruptions and the frequency of necrotizing vasculitis in arteries fit the changes seen in an experimental Arthus reaction, in which necrotizing vasculitis is followed by lymphocytic inflammation consistent with a delayed type of reaction. PMID- 1252350 TI - The inhibiting effect of soft paraffin on the Kobner response in psoriasis. AB - White soft paraffin has been shown to inhibit the development of the isomorphic response (Kobner phenomenon) in psoriasis. The possible reasons for this are discussed and it is suggested that this finding has implications which should lead to a greater understanding of the nature of psoriasis. PMID- 1252351 TI - Atypical ichthyosiform erythrodernam deafness and keratitis. A report of two cases. AB - Two patients with ichthyosiform erythroderma of the same unusual but characteristic distribution are described. Both patients were born with perceptive deafness and developed severe vascularizing keratitis in early childhood. There is no family history of the disorder in either case. This syndrome is discussed in relation to previous reports of atypical ichthyosiform erythroderma associated with deafness. PMID- 1252353 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 1252352 TI - Acid hydrolases in psoriatic epidermis. PMID- 1252354 TI - Proceedings: Pressure urticaria in father and son. PMID- 1252355 TI - Proceedings: Ashy dermatosis. PMID- 1252356 TI - Incorporation of I-14C-acetate into the lipids of isolated epidermal cells. AB - Suspensions of epidermal cells were prepared by trypsinization of rat epidermis and incubated with I-14C-acetate in Eagle's minimum essential medium. The incorporation of radioactivity into the total lipids of the cells was increased by the addition of serum to the medium. The pattern of incorporation into the main lipid classes was affected by the addition of serum to the medium and by alterations in the density of the cell suspensions. The incorporation of radioactivity into the total lipids increased approximately linearly over a 24-h period of incubation and the pattern of incorporation into the phospholipids and glycolipids altered with time. However, at each time interval studied, reporducible patterns of incorporation were obtained under controlled conditions. The incorporation of radioactive acetate therefore provides the basis for a very sensitive method of lipid analysis. PMID- 1252357 TI - The relationship between the course of psoriasis and transepidermal water loss, photoelectric plethysmography and reflex photometry. AB - The transepidermal water loss (TWL), photoelectric plethysmography and reflex photometry were parallelly registered on the involved hands and forearms of psoriatics. The TWL values showed a fairly good correlation with the clinical course of the disease: they increased during the active phase and decreased after return to normal. The vascular tests did not show a strict parallelism with the clinical state. On the basis of the findings, the temporal relations between epidermal and vascular factors during the different phases of the psoriatic process are discussed. The TWL can be used to predict a relapse occurring on the area investigated but not on a distant area. PMID- 1252358 TI - Prostaglandins and pruritus. AB - We have found that pretreatment of human skin with prostaglandin E1 significantly lowers the threshold of human skin to itching evoked by both histamine and papain. Prostaglandins may thus potentiate pruritus in inflammatory skin disease, presumably by a non-specific effect on nerve-endings. PMID- 1252359 TI - The adenosine triphosphate content and lactic acid production of guinea-pig skin after mild heat damage. AB - The depletion of adenosine triphosphate in skin after mild thermal injury is not large enough to be accounted for by loss of oxidative respiration. Measurement of lactic acid production by skin suggest that glycolysis is less sensitive to heat damage than is oxygen uptake. It is therefore likely that glycolysis makes a large contribution to the relatively high levels of ATP persisting in heat damaged skin. PMID- 1252361 TI - Pathogenesis associated with hair follicle mites (Demodex spp.) in Australian Aborigines. AB - Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis are found in different habitats in the skin: the former in the hair follicles, the latter in the sebaceous glands. Both seem minor pathogens--merely harvesting the cells of their respective habitats. D. folliculorum was found aggregated (all stages) and plugging the follicular orifices; D. brevis, on the other hand, was usually solitary. In one case marked degeneration of the sebaceous gland, with leukocyte invasion, was associated with D. brevis. No correlations were discovered between either of these species and the gross condition of the skin. Positive samples were obtained from both mainland and island populationf of Aborigines. Incidence values obtained were 66.6% for males and 80% for females; in the latter, the sample was small (5) and their ages over 34 years. PMID- 1252360 TI - Enzyme activity in human scars, hypertrophic scars and keloids. AB - Biopsies from non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic scars and from normal skin have been studied histochemically for activities of nicotanamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, beta-D glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of all enzymes studied except alkaline phosphatase were found to be increased in hypertrophic scars as compared with non hypertrophic scars and normal skin. PMID- 1252362 TI - Hormonal levels in Fox-Fordyce disease. PMID- 1252363 TI - Lichen scrofulosorum. A report of four cases. PMID- 1252364 TI - A rapid method for identifying nucleated horn cells. PMID- 1252365 TI - Lipoid proteinosis: Urbach-Wiethe disease. PMID- 1252366 TI - Letter: Dermatitis herpetiformis and iodine. PMID- 1252367 TI - Letter: A case of pseudoxanthomatous mastocytosis. PMID- 1252368 TI - Letter: Cyclophosphamide and pemphigus. PMID- 1252369 TI - Inhibition of membrane peroxidation in thalassaemic erythrocytes by 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid. AB - Both iron and precipitated haemoglobin may catalyse the formation of free radicals, which in turn react with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of membranes leading to membrane failure and cell death. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB), a recently identified, orally effective iron-chelating drug, inhibited membrane peroxidation in vitro in H2O2-stressed erythrocytes from patients with beta thalassaemia major, beta-thalassaemia intermedia, haemoglobin Koln disease and sickle cell disease. We present evidence suggesting that the inhibition of peroxidation is due to ability of 2,3-DHB to scavenge free radicals via quinone formation, a mechanism analogous to that proposed for vitamin E. PMID- 1252370 TI - Variations in globin chain synthesis in hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin. AB - Globin synthesis was studied in four Negro families including 10 members with Hb A-HPFH and four with Hb S-HPFH. The beta/alpha specific activity ratios in 10 of these HPFH heterozygotes were similar to those of the control group. In two patients with Hb A-HPFH, the beta/alpha ratio was slightly decreased in one (0.84) and clearly decreased in another (0.78). In two of the patients with Hb S HPFH the ratios were clearly decreased (0.71 and 0.75). The extended range of beta/alpha ratios in these 14 patients is similar to that of Negro patients with beta-thalassaemia trait. These studies indicate that a decreased beta/alpha ratio may be found in HPFH, as well as in beta-thalassaemia. Bone marrow globin synthesis was measured in two patients with Hb S-HPFH and decreased peripheral blood beta/alpha ratios, and in one with Hb A-HPFH and a normal peripheral blood beta/alpha ratio. In each patient the (beta+gamma)/alpha ratio of radioactivities as well as the beta/alpha specific activity ratio was close to 1 and therefore balanced, indicating more rapid decay of beta-chain synthesis relative to alpha chain during red cell maturation or extremely rapid destruction of newly synthesized excess alpha-chains in the bone marrow. PMID- 1252371 TI - betaS Chain turnover in reticulocytes of sickle trait individuals with high or low concentrations of haemoglobin S. AB - Reticulocytes, isolated from the blood of sickle cell trait donors with either low (25-30%) or high (40-42%) haemoglobin S(Hb S) concentrations, were incubated with [3H]leucine for various times from 1.25 to 60 min. Samples of the total soluble fractions of the cells were denatured with urea and mercaptoethanol. The mixtures were analysed by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. The specific radioactivities (dpm/mg) of the separated betaS and betaA globin chains were determined. The betaS/betaA ratios of globin chain specific radio activities in the reticulocytes of the 'low Hb S' donors decreased gradually from initial values higher than 1.30 to values near unity. These data suggested that faster turnover of some of the soluble, newly synthesized betaS chains compared to the newly synthesized betaA chains could explain part, but not all, of the disparity in concentrations of Hbs S and A in these people. When reticulocytes from 'high Hb S' donors were 3H-labelled for times longer than 5 min, the betaS/betaA specific radioactivity ratios remained at or near unity. This result suggested that newly synthesized betaS chains were not turning over selectively in these cells. Instead, there was a relative decrease in betaS chain synthesis proportional to the difference in blood concentrations of Hb S and Hb A. Additional calculations suggested that the more rapid turnover of newly synthesized betaS chains in the 'low Hb S' reticulocytes could explain the difference in Hb S concentrations between 'high and low Hb S' people. These results are consistent with previous reports that an alpha-thalassaemia gene, present in 'low Hb S' but absent in 'high Hb S' donors, may be responsible for the selective turnover of betaS chains. PMID- 1252372 TI - Effects of sulphydryl compounds on abnormal red cell pyruvate kinase. AB - The effect of some sulphydryl compounds on two new variants of red cell pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, PK) is reported. In vitro a striking correction has been obtained of both the qualitative and, in one case, the quantitative defect of red cell PK. In vivo, a correction of the qualitative and quantitative abnormalities has been produced in both patients, with clinical improvement of one of them. These findings, together with the unexpected results in respect to the functional properties of PK found in the affected members of the two families studied, suggest that the PK abnormality is not the cause of the haemolytic anaemia, but an epiphenomenon of a primary unknown defect that apparently involves the red cell thiol groups. PMID- 1252373 TI - Variable response of bone marrow to feeding DL-5-formyltetrahydrofolate in pernicious anaemia. AB - It has been suggested that the megaloblastic anaemia in pernicious anaemia is due to inadequate intracellular concentration of monoglutamyl folates other than methyltetrahydrofolate caused by diminished conversion of methyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (methylfolate trap). To test this, we have increased the concentration of methyltetrahydrofolate in the plasma of six patients with pernicious anaemia by feeding DL-5-formyltetrahydrofolate. The effect of therapy on bone marrow morphology and routine haematologic parameters was measured. Of two patients receiving 800 mug/d of DL-5-formyltetrahydrofolate, one had a significant response; of four receiving 6 mg/d, one converted erythroid maturation to normoblastic, and in two others some improvement was noted in levels of neutrophils, platelets or reticulocytes although marrow morphology remained megaloblastic. Response did not correlate with the degree of elevation of plasma folate. In patients receiving this therapy, slight increase of methylcobalamin in plasma may have occurred (P less than 0.05). These observations support ineffective utilization of methyltetrahydrofolate as the major cause of megaloblastic anaemia in pernicious anaemia, but indicate that the degree and location of block varied in different patients, and in different precursor cells of a single patient. PMID- 1252374 TI - Measurement of the mean cell volume using electronic particle counters. AB - Under carefully controlled conditions electronic cell counters, for example the Coulter Counter, Model FN, and Channelyzer, may be calibrated to give MCV values down to as small as 20 fl which agree with those derived from the centrifugation PCV (corrected for plasma trapping) and the red cell count. The MCV values will be too high if the instrument uses a high cell concentration, has a fixed lower threshold, no effective upper threshold and no edit facility. This may partly explain why the Coulter Counter, Model S, when standardized with 4C cell control gives higher MCV values than the Model FN linked to the Channelyzer. The difference is, on average, 2 fl with normal blood samples and 5 fl in cases of microcytic anaemia. It is suggested that standards of low MCV should be used together with those of normal MCV when calibrating the Model S. PMID- 1252375 TI - Sodium pertechnetate as a red cell label: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - In vitro investigations were performed to re-examine the variables that influence the binding of sodium 99TCm-pertechnetate to human red blood cells. Irreversible binding of the radioisotope was observed only when red cells were incubated with tin chloride after their incubation with pertechnetate; binding of pertechnetate is completed within 10 min after its addition to red cells. Composition, temperature and possibly the oxygen saturation of the incubation medium affect the fraction of the isotope that becomes red cell-bound. Using a labelling method derived from these in vitro studies, the usefulness of pertechnetate-labelled autologous red cells for the determination of red cell volumes was studied. Elution of pertechnetate occurred in vivo in an exponential fashion. Using the specific red cell activity, corrected for elution, of blood samples drawn 30 min after injection of 99Tcm-labelled red cells, calculated red cell volumes were almost identical to those determined simultaneously with radiochromate-labelled cells. It is concluded that 99Tcm-pertechnetate is a useful label for red cell volume determination; it may be less reliable when delayed mixing of the labelled red cell tracer in the patient's circulation is expected. PMID- 1252376 TI - Leucocyte function in a case of chronic benign neutropenia of infancy associated with circulating leucoagglutinins. AB - A case of chronic benign neutropenia is described in association with circulating leucoagglutinins. IgG and IgM leucoagglutinins demonstrated by Sephadex G-200 chromatography agglutinated neutrophils and monocyte enriched leucocyte preparations. Total IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE, total haemolytic complement, C3 and C4 complement components were all within normal limits. Lymphocyte populations and transformation were normal apart from a relative increase in the number of B lymphocytes. In vitro studies showed that the patient's monocytes responded in chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of S. aureus in a comparable fashion to that of control neutrophils. Although the patient's serum also agglutinated monocytes these findings do not exclude the possibility that leucoagglutinins may have aetiological significance in this disease. The study also emphasizes the versatility of the monocyte in benign neutropenia. PMID- 1252377 TI - The function of the anterior pituitary-adrenal cortex axis in hyperemesis gravidarum. AB - In order to study the function of the pituitary-adrenal axis, serum ACTH and cortisol levels were estimated before and after insulin induced hypoglycaemia in nine women with hyperemesis gravidarum, seven women in normal early pregnancy and in eight non-pregnant controls. Before hypoglycaemia, the basal ACTH level in the hyperemesis group (102-4+/-62-9 pg/ml) was higher than in normal early pregnancy (67-5+/-19-2 pg/ml; p less than 0-05) or in non-pregnant controls (54-8+/-25-2 pg/ml; less than 0-01). Correspondingly, the mean cortisol value in hyperemesis (0-47+/-0-16 mumol/l) was higher than in normal early pregnancy (0-39+/-0-10 mumol/l; p greater than 0-05) or in non-pregnant controls (0-32+/-0-13 mumol/l; p less than 0-01). After insulin the elevation of ACTH (p greater than 0-05) and cortisol (p less than 0-01) was observed in every group. The level of ACTH and cortisol was highest in hyperemesis group. Our results do not support the idea that hypofunction of the pituitary-adrenal axis contributes to the aetiology or pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum. The high ACTH level might be evidence of the psychia instability of hyperemesis gravidarum patients. PMID- 1252378 TI - Extradural analgesia in labour when the breech presents. AB - A retrospective study was made of the course and outcome of labour in 226 patients in whom a singleton fetus presented by the breech. Patients with macerated stillbirths or who were delivered before the 28th week of gestation had been excluded. Of the 226 patients, 101 received extradural analgesia, 79 received parenteral analgesia and 46 underwent elective Caesarean section. There was no difference in the incidence of breech extraction or emergency Caesarean section in the first two groups of patients. The length of both first and second stages of labour in multiparae was prolonged in the extradural group, but not markedly so. The Apgar scores of the infants delivered vaginally were not significantly different at one minute in both groups but the five minute Apgar score in the infants of primiparae was significantly higher in the extradural group. The Apgar score at one minute in the group delivered by emergency Caesarean section was significantly lower after extradural block but the difference was not significant at five minutes. This study suggests that the management and outcome of labour when the breech presents is not adversely affected by the provision of extradural analgesia. PMID- 1252379 TI - Plasma gonadotrophin levels in ovulatory and anovulatory patients. AB - Although episodes of FSH values were similar in subjects with secondary amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea, but patients with oligomenorrhoea had significantly higher plasma LH secretion in four normal, fourteen anovulatory and one postmenopausal woman were confirmed by samples taken every 15 minutes for three hours, single plasma samples invariably provided a valid estimate of the current mean plasma FSH level, and of the current mean plasma LH level during the follicular phase of the ovulatory menstrual cycle and in anovulatory women with a mean plasma LH value of less than 0-8 mIU/ml. If the mean plasma LH value in anovulatory women exceeded 0-8 mIU/ml, the maximum difference between single and mean values was 28-3+/-4-7 per cent for four patients with oligomenorrhoea and 43 4+/-5-2 per cent for five patients with secondary amenorrhoea. Single plasma samples were collected from 26 patients with primary amenorrhoea, 95 patients with secondary amenorrhoea, 51 patients with oligomenorrhoea and 33 postmenopausal patients not on replacement therapy. In each group there were subjects with plasma FSH values in the postmenopausal range and they were unlikely to respond to ovulation induction. Those patients aside, plasma FSH values were similar in subjects with secondary amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea, but patients with oligomenorrhoea had significantly higher plasma LH values (p less than 0-001); mean levels of neither FSH nor LH showed a significant correlation with response to treatment with clomiphene but in patients with secondary amenorrhoea an ovulatory response to clomiphene did not occur unless the individual's plasma FSH value was in excess of 1-4 mIU/ml. In patients with oligomenorrhoea, plasma LH levels below 0-8 mIU/ml precluded successful treatment with clomiphene. PMID- 1252380 TI - Dydrogesterone and endometriosis. AB - The results are reported of the administration of dydrogesterone, 5 mg twice daily, to 49 patients with endometriosis. All but five patients were symptom-free after nine months of therapy. Most subjective symptoms had disappeared within four to eight weeks; dyspareunia usually took longer. In 30 out of 32 patients who had a culdoscopy after one or two treatment courses, a 'cure' of endometriosis was confirmed. Ten out of nineteen infertile patients became pregnant following treatment. The only side-effects were transient mastalgia and dizziness in two patients. No amenorrhoea or other disturbances of the menstrual cycle were reported. PMID- 1252381 TI - Hydatidiform mole and thyrotoxicosis. A case report. AB - A case is reported of coexistent hydatidiform mole and thyrotoxicosis. The latter was treated medically prior to evacuation of the mole, thereafter thyroid function returned to normal. PMID- 1252382 TI - Advanced abdominal pregnancy with severe pre-eclampsia. AB - Severe pre-eclampsia leading to fetal death in advanced abdominal pregnancy is reported. Attention is drawn to the low reported incidence of pre-eclampsia in this condition and possible explanations are put forward. PMID- 1252383 TI - Colposcopic evaluation of patients with abnormal cervical cytology. AB - Because of suspicious or abnormal smears, 620 patients were referred to the Colposcopy Clinic of the British Columbia Cancer Institute between 1st March 1973 and 31st December 1974; it was possible to make a colposcopic examination in 549 of these patients (88.5 per cent). The colposcopic impression was within one histological grade of a colposcopically-directed biopsy in 476 patients (86 per cent). There were 221 patients who had a cone biopsy after a colposcopically directed biopsy and in 192 of these (87 per cent) the two biopsies were within one histological grade of each other; but there were two patients with occult invasive carcinoma in a cone biopsy and only carcinoma in situ in a directed biopsy. In the same group of 221 patients the colposcopic evaluation and final diagnosis (the most advanced histological lesion seen in biopsy) agreed in all but seven patients. PMID- 1252384 TI - The importance of flexion in vacuum extractor delivery. AB - Two modifications of Malmstrom's cup were used in a study of the position of the cup in 500 vacuum extractor deliveries. The incidence of completely flexing applications varied from 0 to 92 per cent according to the level of the head and the position of the occiput when the cup was applied and, in occipito-posterior positions, the type of cup that was used. With mid-cavity occipito-posterior positions it was 30 per cent with one modification (suction tube attached eccentrically to the dome of the cup--the "modified" cup) and 92 per cent with the other (tube attached to the lateral wall of the cup--the "occipito-posterior cup" or "OP cup"). The high incidence of face-to-pubis or occipitio-lateral delivery when cups with a dome-attached suction tube were used in mid-cavity occipito-posterior positions was found to be largely the result of deflexing applications. It was concluded that cups of this type are unsuitable for use in these cases. A study of two large series of vacuum extractor operations suggested that failed vacuum extractor rates can be reduced by using cups that are manoeuvreable and which accept stronger oblique traction than Malmstrom's cup. PMID- 1252385 TI - Hyperextension of the fetal head in breech presentation: radiological evaluation and significance. AB - Damage of the cervical cord is not rare in breech delivery with hyperextension of the fetal head. Among 57 cases from the literature and one of ours in which the angle of extension could be measured on X-ray films, 20 had an extension angle greater than 90 degrees. Of these, 11 were delivered vaginally and included 8 cases of damage to the cervical cord. It is recommended that elective Caesarean section be performed when the angle of extension exceeds 90 degrees. PMID- 1252386 TI - A study of the elasticity and tension of fetal membranes and of the relation of the area of the gestational sac to the area of the uterine cavity. AB - The surface area of the uterine cavity before delivery was compared with that of the gestational sac after delivery and experiments were carried out to test the elasticity of membranes and the tension on them during labour. The results indicated that after 28 weeks of pregnancy the intact fetal membranes were under tension and were not a passive lining to the uterine cavity and that there was a significant decrease in the elasticity of those membranes which ruptured before labour irrespective of the maturity of the pregnancy. The results failed to support the suggestion that there was a deficiency in the area of the gestational sac in those cases where the membranes ruptured before labour. PMID- 1252387 TI - Experiments in the measurement of intrauterine pressure. AB - A series of experiments investigating the quality of the signals obtained from intrauterine catheters was conducted in the labour rooms and laboratories. Clear evidence of signal attenuation due to partial blockage of catheters was obtained. Some methods which might help to overcome these problems are discribed. PMID- 1252388 TI - Investigation of some problems associated with the Cardiff infusion pump. AB - Since there is some concern about the use of the Cardiff infusion pump in the automatic mode, experiments were devised to simulate some possible problems. The possibility of misleading information allowing overstimulation to occur was demonstrated. Even when the input signal was accurate there could, at least theoretically, be excessive stimulation. Some suggestions about future design and ways of correcting the problems are discussed. PMID- 1252389 TI - Plasma oestriol and human placental lactogen measurements in patients with high risk pregnancies. AB - Maternal plasma oestriol and human placental lactogen (HPL) were measured serially in 383 at-risk pregnancies. Eight-five infants were growth retarded and 122 developed fetal distress or neonatal asphyxia. Of the infants whose mothers had either abnormal plasma oestriol or HPL levels, 58 per cent were growth retarded, while 65 and 73 per cent in each group respectively developed fetal distress. The incidence of fetal complications when both plasma oestriol and HPL were abnormal was consistently greater than 66 per cent. PMID- 1252390 TI - Serum cystine aminopeptidase and the small-for-dates baby in hypertensive pregnancy. AB - Serum cystine aminopeptidase levels and gradients have been assessed retrospectively in hypertensive mothers delivering small-for-dates babies, compared with those delivering normal weight babies. The average accuracy of predicting the weight range of the infant (normal or small-for-dates) would have been about 82 per cent. PMID- 1252391 TI - Effect of insulin on adipose tissue lipolysis in human pregnancy. AB - Adipose tissue has been shown to retain its sensitivity to the antilipolytic effects of insulin during late pregnancy. This suggests that during late pregnancy, increased adipose tissue lipolysis is due to a lipolytic factor rather than insulin resistance. PMID- 1252392 TI - Changes in lymphocyte function during pregnancy. AB - A gradual increase in spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was demonstrated in each trimester of pregnancy. Autoradiographic studies indicated that lymphocytes were primarily responsible for this activity. PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in both fetal calf serum and autologous serum was significantly reduced in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in patients with mild pre-eclampsia. However, no significant differences were seen in patients with severe pre eclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy compared with the normal control subjects. No evidence was adduced to implicate inhibitory humoral factors affecting the peripheral blood lymphocytes in pregnany patients in experiments in which washed lymphocytes were cultured in medium containing heterologous serum. In vitro experiments demonstrated that cortisol, progesterone and HPL caused a significant reduction in lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and HGH and HCG had a variable effect. However, only cortisol was regularly inhibitory at physiological concentrations. The progesterone effect was dose-related, producing 90 per cent inhibition of activity at a concentration of 10 mug/ml. No synergism could be shown between HPL and progesterone on lymphocyte transformation. The increase in activity of circulating immunoreactive cells during pregnancy and its depression with the onset of pre-eclampsia is discussed. PMID- 1252393 TI - Extra-amniotic pregnancy. A case report. AB - A case of extra-amniotic pregnancy ending in premature labour at 35 weeks is reported. PMID- 1252394 TI - Endogenous nitrogen excretion and utilization of dietary protein. AB - 1. The endogenous nitrogen losses of men of different ethnic, ecological and socio-economic backgrounds are similar when calculated per unit body-weight or per unit basal energy consumption. The hypothesis that endogenous N losses, adjusted upwards by a factor of 0-30 to equate them with N equilibrium, can be used to derive man's physiological requirements for proteins of high quality, e.g. those of egg and milk, was studied. 2. Men living in Nigeria, accustomed to eat diets which provided mixtures of protein only slightly higher than the 'safe level of intake' proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO ad hoc Expert Committee on Energy and Protein Requirements (FAO/WHO, 1973), were found to use absorbed N more efficiently than University of California students who habitually consume diets which supply a great excess of protein over that 'safe level'. 3. The greater protein-sparing effect of carbohydrates than of fats and oils may play a part in this more efficient use of protein by men living in developing countries. Also, man possesses mechanisms in intermediary metabolism which allow him to adjust to low levels of protein intake. 4. Thus it appears that all apparently healthy men cannot be considered equal in regard to their requirements for protein. PMID- 1252395 TI - The effect of sodium chloride ingestion on food intake and on fat deposition in male rats. AB - 1. A 21 d slaughter trial was done using weanling male rats offered sodium chloride added at 10, 20 and 30 g/kg to a nutritionally adequate, control diet containing 13 g NaCl/kg, or added to the drinking-water at 5, 10 or 15 g NaCl/l. Food and drinking-water with or without NaCl were offered ad lib. and their intakes were measured. 2. NaCl in the food reduced food intake by 10-15%; NaCl in solution reduced food intake only when added at the 15 g/l level; the reduction was 25%. 3. NaCl increased the fluid intake of the rats; for NaCl in the food the increments ranged from 23 to 44%; for NaCl in the drinking-water they ranged from 44 to 229%. 4. Body fat was significantly reduced by 20 and 30 g NaCl/kg added to the control diet, indicating a reduction in the efficiency of fat synthesis. Comparable amounts of NaCl taken in the drinking-water had a negligible effect on fat deposition. 5. It is suggested that NaCl in the food produces hypodipsia, i.e. a failure to drink an optimal amount of water, causing changes in the electrolyte balance which reduce food intake and progressively reduce the efficiency of fat synthesis. PMID- 1252396 TI - Net utilization of roughage and concentrate diets by sheep. AB - 1. Two diets, an all-roughage diet and a high-concentrate diet, were fed at two levels, a low level of estimated 1-5 times maintenance energy requirement and a higher level of estimated two times maintenance energy requirement, to South African Mutton Merino castrated male sheep, aged 13 months and in fairly lean condition at the start of the 93 d experimental period. 2. Body composition and energy retention were determined using the comparative slaughter technique and two series of digestibility and balance studies were done during the course of the experiment. Metabolizability of each diet was estimated and corrected for fermentation heat using the fermentation balance approach. 3. Although there were significantly different rates of energy gain on different diets and feeding levels, fat energy gained (% total energy gained) was similar for the four groups, i.e. 78-80. 4. Regression of energy gain v. corrected metabolizable energy (ME) intake indicated that the maintenance energy requirements of sheep used in this experiment were 310-2 and 302-3 kJ ME/kg body-weight0-75 per d and the values for net utilization of ME for body energy gain were 0-411 and 0-479 with the roughage and concentrate diets respectively. 5. It was concluded that the estimated maintenance energy requirements of sheep obtained in this study are realistic values and that the efficiency of utilization of surplus ME for the two diets did not differ significantly. PMID- 1252397 TI - Screening for risks of cardiovascular disease in children. A preliminary report. AB - 1. The results obtained for 236 Viennese schoolchildren between 11 and 12 years of age indicated that 38% of children had an increased concentration of cholesterol in their serum and 3% had an increased serum triglyceride concentration. 2. The results of the preliminary study suggested that, by extending the dimensions of the screening, further problems, for example the correlation between different 'risk' factors and the significance of nutritional habits, might be studied. PMID- 1252398 TI - Food intake and energy expenditure of Indian troops in training. AB - 1. Food intake and energy expenditure were determined on 500 soldiers drawn from infantry, artillery and engineer units of the Indian army, for 3 months during winter. 2. The units were located in two different regions of India at altitudes varying from sea level to 2300 m. 3. The energy requirements were assessed from the actual food intake as well as from energy expenditure and from the changes in body-weight and skinfold thickness. 4. The nutritional adequacy of the diet was assessed from clinical examination and changes in blood haemoglobin concentration. 5. The mean energy expenditure was found to be 15-39 MJ (3679 kcal) and on this basis the energy requirements was 16-61 MJ (3970 kcal); energy intake was found to be 16-47 MJ (3936 kcal). 6. The energy contributed by protein, fat and carbohydrate was 0-115, 0-240 and 0-645 of the total intake respectively. 7. There was no significant change in body-weight, blood haemoglobin level and skinfold thickness on this mean daily intake. PMID- 1252399 TI - The relationship between the zinc status of pigs and the occurrence of copper- and Zn-binding proteins in liver. AB - 1. A study has been made by gel filtration techniques of the soluble copper- and zinc-binding proteins in livers from pigs of different Zn status. 2. The distribution of both Cu and Zn between the three fractions isolated was greatly influenced by the Zn status of the animal. In livers from pigs given a Zn supplemented diet the proportion of either Cu or Zn found in the fraction with a molecular weight of about 12 000 (fraction 3) was a direct function of the total liver concentration of the metal. In livers from pigs given a low-Zn diet, only small amounts of Cu or Zn were present in this fraction, regardless of liver Cu content. 3. These results suggest that Zn may be essential for the stabilization of the metal-binding protein in this fraction. PMID- 1252400 TI - Enzymic evaluation of thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status of parturient women and their newborn infants. AB - 1. Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status of 'low-income-group' mothers and their newborn infants was assessed by analysing paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood for erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) (ETK), erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) (EGR), and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) (EAA) activities. 2. The vitamin status of the infants was better than that of the mothers. 3. Most of the mothers and some of the infants had biochemical evidence of thiamin and riboflavin deficiency. 4. The pregnant women had a higher EAA activity and also higher stimulation with pyridoxal-5-phosphate than the non-pregnant women of the same community. 5. There was a significant correlation between maternal and umbilical blood samples for ETK and EGR activities, but not for EAA activity or any of the coenzyme stimulation tests. PMID- 1252401 TI - The effect of methods of sterilization on the nutritive value of protein in a commercial rat diet. AB - 1. The effect on protein quality of treating a commercial rat diet by autoclaving at various temperatures for different periods of time, or by irradiation with 2-5 or 10 Mrd, was studied. True digestibility (TD) and biological value (BV) were measured and the available and total amino acids in the diets were estimated using microbiological and chemical methods. 2. Autoclaving at 121 degrees for 60 min reduced BV, TD and net protein utilization (NPU) more than autoclaving at 134 degrees for 3 min. Availability of amino acids was reduced by both treatments but to a greater extent by autoclaving at 121 degrees for 60 min. Total amino acids were essentially unaffected. Irradiation had no effect on BV, TD, NPU or total amino acids, and the availability of amino acids was also unaffected, with the exception of lysine which was slightly reduced. 3. When the diet was autoclaved at 115 or 121 degrees for 15, 30 or 60 min, or at 134 degrees for 3 min the availability of the amino acids was reduced with increasing time and temperature of treatment. Treatment at 134 degrees for 3 min had an effect on available amino acids similar to treatment at 121 degrees for 15 or 30 min. 4. Ethylene oxide fumigation of the diet caused reduced availability of histidine, methionine and tryptophan but had negligble effect on arginine, leucine and lysine. 5. It is concluded that from a practical point of view irradiation causes least damage to proteins in rodent diets. If such diets are to be autoclaved they should be supplemented with complete protein to counteract amino acid destruction. PMID- 1252402 TI - Excessive vitamin D content of a standard iron-deficient diet for rats. AB - 1. The observation that thyroid C cell hyperplasia occurred in rats given the iron-deficient diet described by McCall, Newman, O'Brien, Valberg & Witts (1962) prompted a closer study of the preparation and constituents of this diet. 2. It became apparent that there was a discrepancy between the amounts of fat-soluble vitamins in the dietary formulation reported and the supposed final content of the diet. A diet prepared as described by McCall et al. (1962) contains 1000 mug (40 000 i.u.) ergocalciferol and 10 mug (14 500 i.u.) retinyl palmitate/kg. 3. An experiment was designed to study the effect of Fe-deficient and Fe-supplemented, high-vitamin-D diets, and an Fe-supplemented, normal-vitamin-D diet, on thyroid C cell volume and serum calcium concentration. 4. Thyroid C cell volumes and serum Ca concentrations were significantly higher in both groups given excess vitamin D than in the group given the Fe-supplemented, normal-vitamin-D diet. It is evident therefore, that hypervitaminosis D was the cause of the morphological and biochemical changes found in rats given the McCall et al. (1962) diet. PMID- 1252403 TI - Thermic effect of glucose in obese subjects studied by direct and indirect calorimetry. AB - 1. The thermic effect of a glucose load (50 g) was studied in ten control and eleven obese female subjects, using both direct and indirect calorimetry simultaneously. Experiments were done under conditions of thermal equilbrium (28 degrees and 30% relative humidity). 2. Thermal balance (heat production measured by indirect calorimetry minus heat losses measured directly) was negative in the control group during the fasting period (heat deficit -14-2 +/- 5-0 kJ/m2 per h), whereas that of the obese group was in equilibrium (+ 1-4 +/- 4-8 kJ/m2 per h). 3. After the glucose load, metabolic rate increased 13-0 +/- 1-5 and 1-3% in the control and obese groups respectively. 4. In contrast to the metabolic rate, total heat losses were not significantly altered in either group after the glucose load. Total heat losses of the obese group were significantly lower than those of the control group throughout the experimental period. 5. During the experiments the amount of heat stored was increased in both groups. Thermal balance in the control group became positive while that of the obese group remained positive. 6. During the fasting period, the control subjects oxidized more carbohydrates (90-4 mg/min) than lipids (68-8 mg/min), whereas obese subjects oxidized more lipids (103-7 mg/min) than carbohydrates (50.2 mg/min). After the glucose load, the oxidation rate of carbohydrates was increased in both groups to 158-1 mg/min in control subjects and 95-6 mg/min in obese subjects. 7. The mean skin temperature of the control subjects was significantly higher than that of the obese subjects and remained higher throughout the postprandial period. 8. These results indicate that: (a) during the fasting period, the energy sources utilized and the thermal balance of the two groups were different; (b) the thermic effect of glucose was less in the obese subjects and, therefore, might be a factor contributing to their low energy expenditure. PMID- 1252404 TI - Alpha-S-cysteinylthymine: a model for protein-nucleic acid cross-linking. AB - Crystals of alpha-S-cysteinylthymine, C8H12CIN3O4S, formula weight 281.72, are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with a=9.499 (1), b=24.072 (4), and c=5.012 (1) A, V=1146.1 (2) A3, and Z=4. The structure was determined by the direct method and refined by a full-matrix least-squares procedure to a final residual, R=0.043, using 1277 diffractometer data. From the structure, a three-dimensional model for the radiation-induced interaction of thymine residues and cysteine residues could be postulated. PMID- 1252405 TI - Chromatin models. The ionic strength dependence of model histone-DNA interactions: circular dichroism studies of lysine-leucine polypeptide-DNA complexes. AB - The ionic strength dependence of the complexes between DNA and both random, (Lysx, Leuy)n, and block copolymers, (Lysx)n(Leuy)m, of lysine and leucine, with different amino acid compositions, was studied using circular dichroism (CD) as the probe to detect conformational differences in these complexes relative to native DNA. It was found that the CD spectra of complexes of both the random (Lys84, Leu16)n and block (Lys85)n(Leu15)m copolymers with DNA show a very sharp ionic strength dependence. The maximum altered CD spectrum for the complexes with the block copolymer was found to occur at the same ionic strength as that for poly(L-lysine)-DNA complexes, while the maximum CD change for the random copolymer complex occurred at a slightly lower ionic strength. This sharp dependence of the CD change on the ionic strength was found to be independent of the polymer/DNA ratio, r, for each individual copolymer. The CD spectra for these complexes at optimum NaCl concentration resemble those of the psi spectra of DNA [Jordan, C. F., Lerman, L.S., and Venable, J.H. (1972), Nature (London), New Biol. 236, 67]. The complexes of the random copolymer, (Lys68, Leu32)n, with DNA (r=0.25) at 0.15 M NaCl and below have CD spectra that resemble the A-form DNA spectra. The ionic strength dependence of the CD spectra of this complex is not as sharp as observed with the above polymers and has a broad positive plateau. It is suggested that both the CD spectra of these complexes reflect the phenomena of DNA condensation into a higher order asymmetric structure (folded and compact). The block copolymer, (Lys77)n(Leu23)m, complexes with DNA show very slight alterations in the CD spectra, with respect to native DNA. It appears that the long Leu sequence at one end of such copolymers may be unpropitious for causing the polypeptide-DNA complex to condense into a higher order asymmetric structure. Thus the importance of the distribution of hydrophobic residues, in the copolypeptides of Lys, is shown for causing condensation of complexes with DNA. The relevance of these findings to histone-DNA complexes in chromatin is discussed. PMID- 1252406 TI - Chromatin models. Thermal denaturation studies of (Lysx, Leuy)n-and (Lys)n(Leu)m DNA complexes. AB - The structural transitions of (Lysx, Leuy)n-DNA and (Lysx)n(Leuy)m-DNA complexes have been studied by thermal denaturation utilizing simultaneous absorption and circular dichroism (CD) measurements [R. Mandel and G.D. Fasman (1974), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 59, 672]. These complexes are used as models for nucleohistones. At amino acid/nucleotide ratios r less than 1, the copolymers bind to DNA in a ratio of one amino acid residue per nucleotide, and such binding stabilizes the DNA double helix against thermal denaturation relative to the unbound regions. The leucine residues in the copolymers stabilize the bound portion of the complex against thermal denaturation but to a lesser degree than does poly(L-lysine). This study confirms the hypothesis that absorption melting profiles reflect only the change in secondary structure (helix-coil transition) of DNA. It was found that, in the absence of a higher ordered structure (condensed), the CD melting profile also reflects this same conformational transition, and the melting temperatures, Tm, in CD are equal to those in absorption. However, when a higher ordered structure (tertiary) exists in the complex, then the CD melting profile will be dominated by the structural transitions related to the melting of the higher ordered asymmetric structure in the condensed state, followed by the melting of the secondary structure. Under such circumstances, the Tm obtained from absorption may be slightly different from that of the CD, since only the secondary structural changes are being reflected in absorption. The relevance of these studies to the structure of chromatin is discussed. PMID- 1252407 TI - The affinity labeling of amino acids in or about the active center of DNA dependent DNA polymerase I. AB - The use of an affinity label and an inhibitor that shows relative specificity for one amino acid has led to the identification of two amino acid residues in or near the active center of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase I. [35S]-beta-D-Ribosyl-6 methylthiopurine periodate oxidation product ([35S]MMPR-OP) and [14C]phenylglyoxal ([14C]PG) were used to elucidate the presence of a single lysine and arginine in or about the active center of the enzyme. PMID- 1252408 TI - Sequence homologies in mammalian 5.8S ribosomal RNA. AB - Oligonucleotide products of complete pancreatic or T1 RNase digestion or partial T1 RNase digestion of HeLa cell (human) and MPC-11 cell (mouse) 5.8S rRNA are identical with those obtained from Novikoff hepatoma (rat) 5.8S rRNA except for minor differences at the termini. pCp is the only major 5' terminus of both human and mouse RNAs; both pGp and pCp 5' termini were found in rat 5.8S RNA. Furthermore, HeLa cells contain C-U-U at the 3' end rather than the C-U terminus of mouse and rat. The results indicate that the nucleotide sequence has been highly conserved during the evolution of mammals and suggest that, as reported for 5S rRNA, this sequence is essentially constant throughout the Mammalia. PMID- 1252409 TI - Isolation and structure of somatostatin from porcine hypothalami. AB - The isolation and structure of somatostatin (GH-RIH) from pig hypothalami are described. This hormone was purified by preparative gel filtration, solvent extraction, countercurrent distribution in two solvent systems, ion-exchange and partition chromatography, and analytical gel filtration. The somatostatin activity was followed by in vitro bioassays and a radioimmunoassay. The isolated product was homogeneous chromatographically and had biological and immunological properties similar to synthetic somatostatin corresponding to the ovine hormone. The primary structure of porcine somatostatin was shown to be H-Ala-Gly-cyclo (Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys)-OH. Other immunologically and biologically active form(s) of somatostatin were also detected. PMID- 1252410 TI - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and the esterification of cholesterol in human long term lymphoid cell lines. AB - The regulation of the rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis and of the incorporation of [14C]oleate into cholesterol esters were studied in established lymphoid cell lines from normal subjects and compared with that of eight patients with genetic abnormalities of lipid metabolism. The activity of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, increases in lymphoid cell lines derived from normal subjects after the culture medium is changed to a lipid deficient medium and reaches peak activity after 48 hr. The addition of whole serum and of low density lipoproteins to cell lines derived from normal subjects suppressed 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by 50%, but failed (almost completely) to suppress the activity in the lymphoid cell lines derived from two patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. When 7-ketocholesterol was added, the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was markedly suppressed in both normal and abnormal lymphoid cell lines. Lymphoid cell lines derived from patients presumably heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia were difficult to distinguish from normal cells in these studies. The incorporation of [14C]oleate into the fatty acid fraction of cholesteryl esters was stimulated by the addition of the low density lipoproteins to the culture media of the lymphoid cell lines derived from the normal human subjects. The lymphoid cell lines derived from the patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia showed no increase in [14C]oleate incorporation into cholesteryl esters even when a fourfold amount of low density lipoprotein was added to the media; a modest increase in [14C]oleate incorporation was observed in lymphoid cell lines from patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The results of these studies in lymphocyte cell lines are compared with the findings in cultured human fibroblasts obtained from normal subjects and from patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Studies of the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in the apparently permanent lymphoid cell line maintained in suspension culture offer certain advantages over cultured skin fibroblasts, and, in addition, provide a second tissue for the study of genetic abnormalities from the same patient. PMID- 1252411 TI - Osmium (VI) complexes of the 3', 5'-dinucleoside monophosphates, ApU and UpA. AB - The dinucleoside monophosphates, ApU and UpA, react with potassium osmate (VI) and 2,2'-bipyridyl to form the corresponding oxo-osmium (VI) bipyridyl sugar ester in which the osmate group is bonded to the terminal 2',3'-glycol. Osmium (VIII) tetroxide and 2,2'-bipyridyl react with the dinucleosides to form the corresponding oxo-osmium (VI) bipyridyl heterocyclic esters which result from addition of the tetroxide to the 5,6-double bond of the uracil residue. Although capable of transesterification reactions, these heterocyclic esters are exceptionally stable toward exchange reactions in solution. No apparent exchange was observed after 1 month. This reaction thus seems promising for single-site osmium labeling in polynucleotides. PMID- 1252412 TI - Protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD) from p-hydroxybenzoate-induced cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was purified by heat and protamine sulfate treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The enzyme appears to be homogeneous by ultracentrifugation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. This is the first report of PCD purified from Acinetobacter. For comparison, crystalline Pseudomonas PCD was also obtained. The enzymes from Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas are quite similar in their molecular weight, molecular size, and iron content. The specific enzyme activity of PCD from Acinetobacter is about one-third of that from Pseudomonas, despite their similar iron content. Visible and circular dichroism spectra indicate some conformational differences between these two enzymes. Protocatechualdehyde, a competitive deadend inhibitor, binds Pseudomonas PCD more effectively than Acinetobacter PCD. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate, specific for free-SH groups, inhibits only Acinetobacter PCD and shows no effect on Pseudomonas PCD. Amino acid analyses reveal very low proline and methionine content with higher lysine, glutamic acid, and isoleucine compositions for Acinetobacter PCD. Other properties, including active center conformation, were studied and discussed. PMID- 1252413 TI - A measurement of the fraction of chloroplast DNA transcribed during chloroplast development in Euglena gracilis. AB - The fraction of chloroplast DNA transcribed at different stages of chloroplast development in Euglena gracilis was measured by RNA-DNA hybridization. Euglena cells were grown in the dark in a heterotrophic medium to stationary phase and then transferred to the light. Chloroplast development was monitored by the increase in the cellular chlorophyll content in the absence of cell division. Total cell RNA was isolated at various stages of chloroplast development, and hybridized in a vast excess to [125I]chloroplast DNA. The fraction of [125I]chloroplast DNA in the form of a duplex was monitored by chromatography on hydroxylapatite columns. The amount of RNA-DNA hybrid in the duplex mixture was determined by correcting for the contribution of DNA-DNA renaturation under the same conditions. The fraction of chloroplast DNA transcribed was calculated by multiplying by two the amount of single-stranded DNA in the form of an RNA-DNA hybrid. Prior to the initiation of chloroplast development (i.e., in dark grown cells) the fraction of chloroplast DNA represented as RNA transcripts in the cell is 0.53. As chloroplast development proceeds, the fraction of the chloroplast DNA transcribed decreases to 0.47. Experiments in which mixtures of various RNA samples were hybridized to the chloroplast DNA indicate that there is a small portion of chloroplast DNA transcribed at later stages of chloroplast development which is not represented as transcripts at the onset of chloroplast development. Melting properties of the RNA-DNA hybrids show that the RNA-DNA duplexes are slightly less stable than renatured [125I]chloroplast DNA. PMID- 1252414 TI - Changes in the expression of the chloroplast genome of Euglena gracilis during chloroplast development. AB - The transcription program from the chloroplast genome of Euglena gracilis Z during light-induced chloroplast development has been characterized by hybridization of total cell RNA to 3H-labeled chloroplast DNA. Pancreatic DNase activated, purified Euglena chloroplast DNA was enzymatically labeled by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with [3H]TTP as a substrate. The [3H]DNA 'hybridization probe" was characterized by the kinetics of its renaturation with purified chloroplast DNA, and the thermal stability of [3H]DNA-DNA, and [3H]DNA RNA hybrids. The [3H]DNA was hybridized in trace amounts to total cellular RNA extracted from Euglena cells 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the onset of chloroplast development. A large percentage (17%) of the chloroplast genome was found to be transcribed in dark adapted cells. Development is marked by an initial decrease in the fraction of the genome transcribed followed by an increase to 23% transcribed at the end of 72 h of light growth. Chloroplast RNA transcripts were also characterized by the kinetics of their hybridization to chloroplast DNA. The chloroplast specific RNA population is composed of three abundance classes, and the R0t1/2 for each class varies during the early stages of chloroplast development. PMID- 1252415 TI - On the analysis of circular dichroic spectra of proteins. AB - A new method is presented for analyzing circular dichroism spectra. The method employs integrals over the data and calculates the alpha-helical, beta-sheet, and random coil content of the proteins from such integrals. It is shown that the analyzed alpha-helical content is usually reliable to within 5%, beta-sheet values are somewhat less reliable, and random coil values are least reliable. Curve fitting techniques are shown to be misleading. The method has a number of advantages over existing procedures. PMID- 1252416 TI - Synthetic flavinyl peptides related to the active site of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. I. Chemical and spectral properties. AB - Various 8 alpha-sulfur-linked peptides related to the flavinyl peptides isolated from mitochondrial monoamine oxidase were synthesized in high yield and purity. The peptides, protected by an acetyl-blocking group on the amino terminus, were synthesized by conventional liquid-phase techniques and coupled to a tetraacetylriboflavin derivative activated in the 8alpha position. In some cases, the ribityl side chains of the flavinyl peptides were selectively deacetylated. In other cases, the thioether functions were oxidized to form sulfones. These flavinyl peptides were studied by uv-visible absorption and circular dichroic spectroscopies. A close correspondence in spectroscopic and other chemical properties indicated the identity of the synthetic and naturally obtained flavinyl peptides. Differences between the tetraacetylriboflavinyl and riboflavinyl peptides indicate an interaction between the ribityl side chain and thioether function in aqueous media. Evidence was obtained for an intramolecular complex between the tyrosyl and isoalloxazine moieties in aqueous media. Substitution in the 8alpha position was accompanied by an impairment of the protonation of the N1 position of the isoalloxazine ring and a lowering of the redox potential relative to the parent 8-methyflavins. PMID- 1252417 TI - Kinetics of deoxyhemoglobin subunit dissociation determined by haptoglobin binding: estimation of the equilibrium constant from forward and reverse rates. AB - Deoxyhemoglobin tetramers dissociate into dimers very slowly, with half-times on the order of several hours. It is demonstrated that absorbance changes in the Soret region which accompany this dissociation and persist upon binding of haptoglobin 1-1 to the dissociated dimers can be used for accurate kinetic determinations over the necessarily long periods required for study. This method of study for the slow reactions depends upon long-term spectral integrity of the reaction mixtures and upon accurate measurement. The variation in rate constants determined by this procedure has been correlated with variations in structural constraints at the dimer-dimer contact region. In the presence of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate the rate constant is decreased, consistent with the role of this effector in binding to both beta chains and stabilizing the constrained deoxy tetramer against dissociation into alphabeta dimers. With hemoglobin specifically modified (des-Arg-141alpha) to eliminate half the constraining salt links within the dimer-dimer contact region, the dissociation rate is increased by approximately three orders of magnitude. In hemoglobin S where the amino acid substitution is not directly in the intersubunit contact region of interest, the dissociation rate is found to be approximately the same as that for hemoglobin A. Combination of the dissociation rate constants determined by haptoglobin binding with stopped-flow determinations of the rate constant for reassociation of dissociated dimers provides an estimate of the equilibrium constant, 0K2, for the deoxyhemoglobin dimer-tetramer equilibrium. This estimate is independent of any assumptions regarding other energetic quantities, and yields a value of 2.54 +/- 0.7 X 10(10)M-1 (heme) in 0.1 M Tris-HCl, 0.1 M NaCl, and 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4, 21.5 degrees C. Thus the intersubunit contact energy is -14.0 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol of heme. The stabilization energy between deoxy and oxy tetramers is found to be approximately 6.4 kcal/mol, under these conditions. PMID- 1252418 TI - Exposure of tryptophanyl residues in proteins. Quantitative determination by fluorescence quenching studies. AB - Acrylamide is an efficient quencher of tryptophanyl fluorescence which we report to be very discriminating in sensing the degree of exposure of this residue in proteins. The quenching reaction involves physical contact between the quencher and an excited indole ring, and can be kinetically described in terms of a collisional and a static component. The rate constant for the collisional component is a kinetic measure of the exposure of a residue in a protein, and values ranging from 4 X 10(9) M-1 S-1 for the fully exposed tryptophan in the polypeptide, adrenocorticotropin, to less than 5 X 10(8) M-1 S-1 for the buried residue in azurin have been found. Static quenching is readily detected in proteins that are denatured, or contain only a single fluorophor. Quenching patterns for most multi-tryptophan containing proteins are difficult to analyze precisely, but qualitative information can, nevertheless, be extracted. Applications of this probing technique for monitoring protein conformational changes, such as the acid-induced expansion of human serum albumin, and inhibitor binding to enzymes, are presented. The value of this method lies in its ability to sense not only the steady-state exposure of a residue in a protein, but also its dynamic exposure. PMID- 1252419 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the solution conformation of nucleoside diphosphohexoses and their components. AB - The solution conformations of UDPG, UDPGN, UDPGal, UDPM, UDPGluc, UDPGalc, ADPG, ADPM, GDPG, GDPM, and CDPG and their components Glu-1-P, Gal-1-P, Man-1-P, Gluc-1 P, Galc-1-P, ADP, GDP, UDP, and CDP are studied by high resolution fast Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with iterative computer line shape simulation. The following results were observed. (1) The six-membered ring is in 4C1 chair form with the C(5')-C(6') bond in gg equilibrium tg equilibrium for the derivatives of glucose and mannose and gt equilibrium tg for those of galactose. (2) No conformational preference can be detected for C(1')-O(1') bond in hexose-1'-P moiety. (3) Chemical shift dependencies for the pyranoid ring protons and their structural and conformational relations are: (a) axial proton is at higher field than equatorial: (b) the shielding effect of a gauche vicinal hydroxyl group is stronger than a trans vicinal; (c) the vicinity of a hydroxyl group located more than three bonds away tends to shift the proton downfield. (4) The conformation of the nucleoside 5'-diphosphate part is [anti, 2E equilibrium 3E, g'g' equilibrium g't', g'g' equilibrium g''/t''], with slight variation of each conformation occuring for individual compounds. (5) No significant interactions are detected between the hexose and nucleoside parts in the nucleoside diphosphohexoses, and the hexose and nucleoside components display the same conformational preference as they become integrated to form nucleoside diphosphohexoses. PMID- 1252420 TI - Binding of human fibroblast interferon to concanavalin A-agarose. Involvement of carbohydrate recognition and hydrophobic interaction. AB - Human fibroblast interferon binds to a concanavalin A-agarose (Con A-Sepharose) equilibrated with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, or levan; in contrast, it is only partially retarded on a similar column equilibrated with ethylene glycol. Interferon does not bind, however, to a lectin column equilibrated with both methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside and ethylene glycol. Thus, a hydrophobic interaction between fibroblast interferon and the immobilized lectin seems to account for a large portion of the binding forces involved. Other hydrophobic solutes, such as dioxane, 1, 2-propanediol, and tetraethylammonium chloride, were found equally or more efficient than ethylene glycol in displacing interferon from the lectin column. The elution pattern of interferon from a concanavalin A agarose (Con A-Sepharose) column, at a constant ehtylene glycol concentration and with an increasing mannoside concentration, reveals the existence of four distinct interferon components. The selective adsorption to and elution from a concanavalin A-agarose (Con A-Sepharose) column resulted in about a 3000-fold purification of human fibroblast interferon and complete recovery of activity. The specific activity of the partially purified interferon preparation is about 5 X 10(7) units per mg of protein. The chromatographic behavior of human leukocyte interferon is remarkable in that it does not bind to concanavalin A-agarose at all indicating the absence of carbohydrate moieties recognizable by the lectin, or if present, their masked status. When concanavalin A was coupled to an agarose matrix (cyanogen bromide activated) at pH 8.0 and 6.0 human fibroblast interferon bound to both lectin-agarose adsorbents and could be recovered with methyl alpha D-mannopyranoside. Concanavalin A, immobilized directly on agarose matrix at pH 8.0 and 6.0, thus displays only carbohydrate recognition toward interferon. By contrast, unless a hydrophobic solute was included in the solvent containing methyl mannoside, human fibroblast interferon could not be recovered from concanavalin A-agarose coupled at pH 9.0. When concanavalin A was immobilized via molecular arms, in tetrameric as well as dimeric forms, the binding of interferon again occurred exclusively through carbohydrate recognition. Thus, the hydrophobic interaction can be eliminated by appropriate immobilization of the lectin, and then adsorbed glycoproteins, as exemplified here by interferon, can be recovered readily with methyl mannoside alone. PMID- 1252421 TI - Biological activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in the chick. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 has been prepared from 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 using rachitic chick kidney mitochondria. This metabolite was highly purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and by preparative high-pressure liquid chromatography. Its purity was assessed by analytical high-pressure liquid chromatography which revealed no other 254-nm absorbing material and by mass spectrometry. The concentration of dilute solutions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and deflection of the 254 nm column monitor. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 was then shown to be 1/5 to 1/10 as active as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the chick while it had previously been shown to be equal in activity in the rat. Thus, discrimination against the vitamin D2 side chain by the chick persists in the metabolically active 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D compounds. PMID- 1252422 TI - Structural identification and synthesis of luciferin from the bioluminescent earthworm, Diplocardia longa. AB - For the first time, luciferin from a bioluminescent earthworm has been purified, identified, and synthesized. This luciferin from the North American species, Diplocardia longa, is a simple aldehyde compound, N-isovaleryl-3-aminopropanal, with an amide functional group. It is a clear, odorless oil at room temperature. It is nonvolatile and has no near-uv-visible absorption or fluorescence. Derivatives of this compound were made to facilitate its identification: the luciferin 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (mp 174 degrees C), a yellow crystalline solid; and the luciferin alcohol, a clear oil. Synthesis of Diplocardia luciferin yielded an oil of identical spectroscopic (proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, mass, and ir), chemical (dinitrophenylhydrazone and alcohol derivatives, bioluminescence activity), and physical (thin-layer chromatography, volatility) properties to those of the purified native Diplocardia luciferin. PMID- 1252423 TI - Nucleotide sequence of phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid from pea (Pisum sativum, Alaska). AB - Phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid from peas (Pisum sativum, Alaska) was completely digested with beef pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase I) and with ribonuclease T1. The resulting oligonucleotides were compared with those from the corresponding hydrolyses of phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid from wheat germ. The structures of both ribonucleic acids appeared to be identical. This report is the first to show that identical structures for the same specific acceptor transfer ribonucleic acid are present in two different plant species. PMID- 1252425 TI - Biosynthesis of membrane bound Ig and secretion of Ig by chicken lymphoid cells. AB - The metabolic turnover of membrane proteins of chicken lymphoid cells is studied, using a double isotope labeling technique (i.e., [14C]amino acid pulse and [3H]leucine chase). Compared with other membrane proteins, the metabolic turnover of membrane bound immunoglobulins (M-Ig) is very slow. There was no difference in the turnover between M-Ig and specific antigen binding receptor immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins appear to be a stable constituent of the lumphocyte membrane. Cellular kinetic experiments show that the rate of biosynthesis of secreted immunoglobulins (S-Ig) is nearly ten times as much as that of M-Ig, suggesting that metabolic pathway leading to M-Ig are distinct from those leading to S-Ig. The difference in 3H/14C ratios between S-Ig and M-Ig reflects the rate of biosynthesis of these immunoglobulins by two types of bursa derived lymphoid cells. PMID- 1252424 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on the level of the hepatic mRNA for alpha2u globulin. AB - A procedure is presented for the purification of alpha2u globulin, a protein synthesized in the liver, secreted into the serum, and excreted in the urine of male rats. The steady-state levels of alpha2u globulin in the serum and liver cytosol fraction of adult male rats have been determined using a radial immunodiffusion assay. A cell-free protein synthesizing system, easily prepared from commercial wheat germ, has been used to identify and quantitate the mRNA coding for alpha2u globulin. Poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from male rat liver directs the synthesis in the wheat germ translational system of a protein which is precipitated by rabbit anti-alpha2u globulin and migrates with authentic alpha2u globulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Poly(A) containing RNA from the livers of female rats or from the kidneys of male rats, tissues which synthesize no alpha2u globulin, do not direct the synthesis of alpha2u globulin in the wheat germ system. Thyroidectomized male rats had no detectable alpha2u globulin in their sera or liver cytosols, and the livers from these thyroidectomized males were found to contain no translatable mRNA for alpha2u globulin, as measured in the wheat germ system. Administration of L thyroxine or triiodo-L-thyronine to hyroidectomized males resulted in the synthesis of alpha2u globulin, as measured by increased levels of this protein in sera and liver cytosols. This increase in alpha2u globulin synthesis following thyroid hormone treatment was accompanied by a parallel increase in the functional level of the hepatic mRNA coding for this protein. Treatment of thyroidectomized males with a variety of androgens failed to stimulate alpha2u globulin synthesis, and no alpha2u globulin mRNA could be detected in the livers from these androgen-treated thyroidectomized males. These findings indicate that thyroid hormones influence alpha2u globulin synthesis in male rat liver by acting pretranslationally, possibly by modulating gene transcription, and rule out the possibility of an indirect androgen-mediated effect of thyroid hormones in modulating alpha2u globulin biosynthesis. PMID- 1252426 TI - Inhibition of chicken pyruvate kinases by amino acids. AB - Alanine, serine, and phenylalanine behave as inhibitors competitive with phosphoenolpyruvate for the activated forms of the chicken pyruvate kinases. On the other hand, phenylalanine and alanine behave as K-type inhibitors and serine behaves as a heterotropic activator of pyruvate kinase variants which undergo homotropic activation. Tryptophan lowers the Vm and tends to yield complex plots with all variants studied. Kinetic patterns obtained in the presence of phenylalanine also show some characteristics not generally associated with a competitive mechanism. These observations are related to data previously obtained using the rat isozymes and are used to formulate a mechanism which explains the effects of the amino acids. This mechanism hypothesizes that all the effector amino acids bind to the phosphoenolpyruvate site; however, amino acids with nonpolar side chains also interact with a nonpolar region of the T conformer and thereby stabilize it. It is further proposed that there are two such nonpolar regions on the various pyruvate kinases--the one which reacts with the nonbulky side chains, and another which reacts only with relatively bulky side chains. The stabilizing effect of this second nonpolar interaction imparts inhibitory characteristics which are not competitive in nature. Serine and perhaps other polar compounds may also bind at the phosphoenolpyruvate site, but because of their polarity exert a repulsive force at the same nonpolar site with which the nonbulky nonpolar amino acids interact. This repulsion stabilizes the R conformation. Presumably the homotropic activating effects of phosphoenolpyruvate operate via this same mechanism. The data are also used to support a specific sequential-concerted mechanism for the homotropic activating effect of phosphoenolpyruvate. According to this mechanism, phosphoenolpyruvate adds sequentially to the first two subunits. This interaction causes the respective subunits to convert to the R conformation but, once two subunits are in R conformation, the remaining two subunits convert in concert. PMID- 1252427 TI - Purification and characterization of human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. AB - A highly purified (approximately 12 000-fold) homogeneous preparation of human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) with 16% yield was obtained by a combination of density ultracentrifugation, high density lipoprotein affinity column chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and finally chromatography on anti-apolipoprotein D immunoglobulin-Sepharose columns to remove apolipoprotein D. This enzyme preparation was homogeneous by the following criteria: a single band by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea; a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 68 000 +/- 1600; a single protein peak with a molecular weight of 70 000 on a calibrated Sephadex G-100 column. Its amino acid composition was different from human serum albumin and all other apoproteins isolated from lipoprotein fractions. PMID- 1252428 TI - Inactivation of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by modification of cysteine residue 174 with diazonium-1H-tetrazole. AB - Diazonium-1H-tetrazole was tested as a potential active-site-directed reagent for amino acid residues involved in catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. In a novel reaction with a protein, diazonium-1H-tetrazole inactivated the enzyme selectively, and almost stoichiometrically, but reacting with the sulfur of a cysteine residue, Cys-174. As a model compound, the tetrazole adduct of free cysteine was prepared. Elementary and spectral analyses of the adduct were consistent with the structure 5-tetrazoleazo-S-cysteine. The adduct absorbs light with a maximun at 316 nm, and is destroyed by irradiation at this wavelength. The inactivated enzyme still bound NADH as determined by difference spectroscopy, but did not enhance the fluorescence of the bound NADH as did native enzyme. X-ray crystallographic studies of free enzyme have shown that Cys-174 coordinates the zinc at the active site (Eklund, H., Nordstrom, B., Zeppezauer, E., Soderlund, G., Ohlsson, I., Boiwe, T., and Branden, C-I. (1974), FEBS Lett. 44, 200-204). The modified enzyme is probably inactive because the large, negatively charged tetrazole ring interferes sterically or electrostatically with the binding of substrates or with hydride transfer. PMID- 1252429 TI - Ultraviolet photoinactivation of galactosyltransferase. Protection by substrates. AB - Galactosyltransferase was irreversibly inactivated upon exposure to ultraviolet light and the rate of inactivation followed apparent first-order kinetics. Significant protection against inactivation was observed in the presence of various combinations of substrates. UDPgalactose and Mn2+ together gave the most protection. Amino acid analyses revealed the loss of 1 mol of tryptophan per mol of galactosyltransferase upon ultraviolet photoinactivation. Further evidence for an essential trypotphan was provided by difference spectra and by inactivation with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide and protection against this reagent by Mn2+ and UDPgalactose. The protection by UDPgalactose and Mn2+ was greater than that provided by UDPgalactose alone. Since Mn2+ provided no protection by itself, this suggested that the formation of the galactosyltransferase-Mn2+-UDPgalactose complex caused a conformational change which was responsible for the observed protection of the essential tryptophanyl residue. PMID- 1252430 TI - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance double resonance study of oxytocin in aqueous solution. AB - Peptide NH resonances in the 250 MHZ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of oxytocin in H2O were assigned to specific amino acid residues by the "underwater decoupling" technique (i.e., decoupling from corresponding CalphaH resonances, which are buried beneath the intense water peak). These experiments confirm previous assignments of A. I. Brewster an V. J. Hruby ((1973), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 3806) and A. F. Bradbury et al. ((1974), FEBS Lett. 42, 179). Three methods of assigning NH resonances of peptides--solvent titration, underwater decoupling, and isotopic labeling--are compared. As the solvet composition is gradually changed from dimethyl sulfoxide to H2O, oxytocin undergoes a conformational change at 70-90 mol % of H2O. Exposure to solvent of specific hydrogens of oxytocin in H2O was studied by monitoring intensity changes of solute resonances when the solvent peak was saturated. Positive nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE's) of 14 +/- 5 were observed for the Tyr ortho CH and meta CH resonances, respectively. Comparative studies with deamino-oxytocin indicate that these effects result predominantly from intermolecular dipoledipole interaction between aromatic side chain CH protons and protons of the solvent. The NOE's therefore indicate intimate contact between water and the aromatic CH hydrogens of the Tyr side chain. The extent of saturation transferred by proton exchange between water and NH group varies with Ph in a manner which appears to reflect the acid-base catalysis of the protolysis reaction. There is no indication that any NH protons are substantially shiedled from the solvent. PMID- 1252431 TI - Structure of the concanavalin A-methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside complex at 6-A resolution. AB - The carbohydrate binding site of concanavalin A has been identified in crystals of the concanavalin A-methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside complex and is 35 A from the iodophenol binding site (K. D. Hardman and C. F. Ainsworth (1973), Biochemistry 12,4442), which has been postulated to be adjacent to the carbohydrate-specific binding site (Edelman et al. (1972), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 2580). The crystals are orthorhombic in space group C222(1) and crystal denisty measurements indicate a protein mass of four monomers (molecular weight of 104 000) per asymmetric unit. However, the electron density map contains eight monomers/asymmetric unit, revealing lattice disorder. The electron density map with a nominal resolution of 6 A has been solved using three heavy-atom derivatives and the position and orientation of each monomer established. Atomic coordinates of the native protein which has previously been determined (K. D. Hardman (1973), Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 40, 103) were transposed into this new space group and the gross conformations of the monomers, dimers, and tetramers were found to be very similar to the previous structure. However, some minor differences were apparent even at this resolution. After crystal growth, the methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside was replaced by o-iodophenyl beta-D glucopyranoside or methyl 2-iodoacetimido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in separate experiments, and difference electron density maps were calculated. The highest peaks for both iodinated sugar derivatives associated with each monomer agreed within a few angstroms of each other and were found near side chains Tyr 12 and -100 and Asp-16 and -208. This region is 10-14 A from the manganese, in good agreement with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies in solution (C. F. Brewer et al. (1973), Biochemistry 12, 4448) and with the site predicted from crosslinked 1222 crystal studies (K. D. Hardman (1973), Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 40, 103). PMID- 1252432 TI - The primary structure of myohemerythrin. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of muscle hemerythrin (myohemerythrin) from the sipunculid Themiste (syn. Dendrostomum) pyroides has been determined by analysis of tryptic, chymotryptic, and cyanogen bromide peptides. The primary structure of myohemerythrin differs substantially from that of coelomic hemerythrins of Phascolopsis (syn. Golfingia) gouldii and Themiste pyroides, the amino acid sequence of the muscle protein being only 46 and 45% homologous with the respective coelomic hemerythrins. The most extensive regions of homology between muscle and coelomic proteins occur near the terminii. These and other shorter regions of homology are interpreted in terms of the essential iron ligand residues of the active center. PMID- 1252433 TI - Proteolytic dissection of band 3, the predominant transmembrane polypeptide of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Band 3 is the major, membrane-spanning, approximately90 000 dalton polypeptide of the human erythrocyte membrane. To facilitate the analysis of its structural integration into the membrane, we have cleaved this protein in situ into large fragments and ascertained their disposition. Digestion of intact cells with chymotrypsin yielded band 3 fragments with apparent molecular weights of 38 000 and 55 000. Both fragments resisted elution by NaOH and acetic acid, suggesting that they are anchored in the apolar core of the membrane. Both pieces communicate with the extracellular space, and the 55 000 dalton species extends to the cytoplasmic surface as well. Digestion of unsealed ghosts with chymotrypsin produced a hydrophobic 17 000 dalton species, a segment of the 55 000 dalton fragment, which spans and is firmly anchored in the core of the membrane. Trypsin and papain at low concentration generated integral band 3 fragments of 52 000 daltons and released major band 3 fragments of less than or equal to 41 000 daltons from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The latter water-soluble polypeptides remained associated in discrete complexes which retained the capacity to bind glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. An interchain disulfide bond, which can be induced only at the cytoplasmic surface, cross-linked intact band 3, and certain of its water-soluble fragments. Finally, fragments of 23 000 daltons were generated from the innersurface domain by reacting disulfide-linked band 3 dimers with cyanide or reduced polypeptides with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoate. A provisional ordering of these fragments is proposed. PMID- 1252434 TI - Determination of the complete amino acid sequence of bovine cardiac troponin C. AB - The amino acid sequence of bovine cardiac troponin C has been completely determined. The protein was cleaved by cyanogen bromide and the resulting peptides were isolated. All of the 161 residues of the protein could be accounted for in 12 cyanogen bromide peptides. Overlapping peptides were generated by tryptic digestion of citraconylated troponin C and isolation of the resulting five peptides. The primary structure of cardiac troponin C was elucidated by sequential manual Edman degradation of these peptides. It consists of four homologous regions, one of which probably has lost the ability to bind calcium ions. By comparing the amino acid sequence of cardiac troponin C with the sequence of skeletal troponin C, it was found that the mutation rate of the region that does not bind calcium is almost twice as high as the mutation rate of the three homologous regions that do bind calcium. PMID- 1252435 TI - Human alpha-crystallin: characterization of the protein isolated from the periphery of cataractous lenses. AB - alpha-Crystallin has been isolated from the peripheral region of old cataractous lenses. It was found to be closely related to bovine alpha-crystallin and to human newly synthesized alpha-crystallin in terms of its amino acid composition, the size of its polypeptide chains and the lack of free NH2-terminal groups. However, in contrast to the simple urea gel electrophoretic polypeptide patterns obtained with the reference proteins, 11 polypeptides were detected in the preparation. Ten of the polypeptides were isolated and shown to be either A or B chains on the basis of their amino acid compositions and comparison of the peptide maps of their tryptic hydrolysates. The four B chains as well as the six A chains were closely related, with most of the tryptic peptides being common to all members of their respective group. A nomenclature based upon the urea gel electrophoretic mobilites of the polypeptides has been proposed to define each chain. It was found that this alpha-crystallin preparation is composed of at least two populations of macromolecules, one of which contains macromolecules greater than 5 X 10(6) daltons on the basis of gel filtration with Bio-Gel A-5m. The compositions of the two fractions were found to be essentially identical. PMID- 1252436 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shielding tensors of phosphorylethanolamine, lecithin, and related compounds: Applications to head group motion in model membranes. AB - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) powder spectra have been used to obtain the principal values of the chemical shielding tensors of dipalmitoyellecithin (DPL), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and several related organophosphate mono- and diesters. In addition, the principal values and orientation of the phosphorylethanolamine shielding tensor were determined from 31P NMR spectra of a single crystal. In all compounds studied the shielding tensors were clearly monaxial. The monoester spectra are typified by the spectrum of phosphorylethanolamine with principal values of -67, -13, and 69 ppm relative to H3PO4. The diesters have a larger total anisotrophy, as indicated by the DPL values of -81, -25, and 108 ppm. These data as well as the orientation of the phosphorylethanolamine shielding tensor are correlated with the electron density distribution as determined by the bonding pattern of the phosphate. The spectrum of a DPL-water (1:1) mixture at 52 degrees C has a shift anisotrophy of 30 ppm and displays a shape characteristic of an axial tensor. This change from the rigid lattice DPL pattern is explained in terms of motional narrowing, and the shielding tensor data are used to interpret the motion of the phospholipid head group. Simple rotation about the P-O(glycerol) bond is excluded, and a more complex motion involving rotation about both the P-O (glycerol) and glycerol C(2) C(3) bonds is postulated. PMID- 1252437 TI - Lipoteichoic acid from Bacillus licheniformis 6346 MH-1. Comparative studies on the lipid portion of the lipoteichoic acid and the membrane glycolipid. AB - A lipoteichoic acid and a membrane glycolipid were isolated from Bacillus licheniformis 6346 MH-1. The fatty acid composition of the two preparations were similar. Most of the fatty acids were of the branched chain type. The glycolipid was shown to be a diacyl derivative of O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-O beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-glycerol. The lipoteichoic acid contained lipid, polyglycerol phosphate, and glucosamine. The lipid was released by treatment with hydrofluoric acid and by hydrolysis in dilute acid and was shown to have a structure identical with that of the membrane glycolipid. PMID- 1252438 TI - The polypeptide composition of ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase (complex III) from beef heart mitochondria. AB - The subunit structure of ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase (complex III) has been examined and eight different polypeptides have been identified. Apparent molecular weights for each have been obtained by one or more methods including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium doecyl sulfate and in sodium dodecyl sulfate-8 M urea and by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate and in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Values obtained are as follows: I, 47 500; II, 45 500; III, 29 500; IV, 27 800; V, 24 800; VI, 13 900; VII, 10 700; VIII, 4 800-9 00. Individual polypeptides have been purified and the amino acid composition of several of these have been determined. At least one polypeptide, the apoprotein of cytochrome b, is hydrophobic in character and this is a mitochondrially synthesized component (B. Lorenz, W. Kleinow, and H. Weiss (1974), Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 355, 300). Other polypeptides including the hemoprotein of cytochrome c1 are more hydrophilic in amino acid composition. PMID- 1252439 TI - The vitelline envelope of eggs from the giant keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata. I. Chemical composition and structural studies. AB - The egg vitelline envelope of the marine invertebrate Megathura crenulata is a glycoprotein composed of 37.3 mol % protein and 62.7 mol % carbohydrate. Of the total amino acid content, 61 mol % consists of a single amino acid, threonine. The carbohydrate content includes galactosamine, galactose, and fucose. The molar ratio of threonine to galactosamine is about 1:1. Most of the threonine residues are linked to galactosamine residues via O-glycosidic bonds. A single peptide that was purified following alkaline borohydride treatment of the vitelline envelope had the structure: Abu-Pro-Abu-(Abu6, Pro1, Thr1), where Abu is 2 aminobutyric acid. Several sugar residues have been isolated following the alkaline hydrolysis of the vitelline envelope that include an octasaccharide Gal4Fu4, an hexasaccharide Gal3Fu3, a trisaccharide Gal3, fucose, and galactose. It is proposed that the vitelline envelope of Megathura crenulata eggs is composed of polypeptide chains built to a large extent of closely spaced threonine residues. Almost every threonine residue is linked to a saccharide moiety. PMID- 1252440 TI - The vitelline envelope of eggs from the giant keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata. II. Products formed by lysis with sperm enzymes and dithiothreitol. AB - The egg vitelline envelope of the marine invertebrate, Megathura crenulata, was lyzed either by sperm lysins A, B, C or by dithiothreitol. In each case the lysis mixture consisted of two major fractions, I and II, that could be separated by hydroxylapatite chromatography and had different electrophoretic mobilities on cellulose acetate strips. The amino acid, amino sugar, and neutral sugar compositions of fractions I and II were similar and resembled that of the intact vitelline envelope. Fractions I and II of each lysis mixture emerged in the exclusion volume of a Sepharose 6B column. A vitelline envelope fragment enzymatically formed by lysin was further degraded by dithiothreitol to form smaller fragments. A model of the vitelline envelope of the Megathura crenulata egg is suggested whereby the envelope is composed of polypeptide chains cross linked by disulfide bonds and built to a large extent of closely spaced threonine residues. Most of the threonine residues are linked to carbohydrate units. Dithiothreitol dissolves the envelope by reducing disulfide bonds, whereas lysins most likely dissolve the envelope by degrading polypeptide chains. PMID- 1252441 TI - Immunochemical studies of human fibrinopeptide A using synthetic peptide homologues. AB - Previous studies have indicated that rabbit antisera R2 and R33 to human fibrinopeptide A differ markedly in terms of cross-reactivity with fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A-containing fragments of the fibrinogen molecule. Antiserum specificity was characterized by comparison of inhibition of binding to radiolabeled tyrosyl fibrinopeptide A produced by synthetic fragments and enzymatic digests of the fibrinopeptide A molecule vs. the complete fibrinopeptide sequence (Aalpha 1-16). Synthetic COOH-terminal homologues through the dodecapeptide (Aalpha 5-16) exhibited less than 16% immunoreactivity with R33 antiserum, which cross-reacts extensively with fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A containing fibrinogen fragments. In contrast, the synthetic COOH-terminal decapeptide (Aalpha 7-16) gave 100% immunoreactivity with R2 antiserum, which cross-reacts minimally with fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A-containing fibrinogen fragments. Synthetic homologues smaller than Aalpha 7-16, such as Aalpha9-16 and Aalpha 7-11, reacted only minimally with R2 antiserum. Carboxypeptidase B digests of fibrinopeptide A retained less than 25% of their initial immunoreactivity with R2 antiserum. It is concluded that the antigenic determinants of R2 immunoreactivity reside entirely within the COOH-terminal ten-residue sequence of fibrinopeptide A, and that Phe-8, Asp-7, and Arg-16 contribute significantly to R2 immunoreactivity. The R2 antigenic determinants appear to be significantly less accessible to reaction with antibody than the R33 determinants when the fibrinopeptide is attached to its parent alpha chain (Canfield et al., 1976). A possible mechanism for the sequestration is discussed. PMID- 1252442 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of hydrogen-bonded ring protons in oligonucleotide helices involving classical and nonclassical base pairs. AB - A study of the exchangeable ring nitrogen protons in aqueous solutions of oligonucleotide complexes involving Watson-Crick base pairs as well as Hoogsteen pairs and other nonclassical hydrogen bonding schemes shows that resolvable resonances in the low-field (-10 to -16 ppm from sodium 4,4-dimethyl-4 silapentanesulfonate) region can be detected in a variety of structures other than double stranded helices. Ring nitrogen proton resonances arising from the following hydrogen-bonding situations are reported: (1) AT and GC Watson-Crick base pairs in a self-complementary octanucleotide, dApApApGpCpTpTpT; (2) U-A-U base triples in complexes between oligo-U15 and AMP; (3) C-G-C+ base triples in complexes between oligo-C17 and GMP at acid pH; (4) s4U-A-s4U base triples in complexes between oligo-s4U15 and AMP, all of which involve both Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen base pairing to form triplexes; (5) C-C+ base pairing between protonated and unprotonated C residues in oligo-C17 at acid pH; and (6) I4 base quadruples in the four strand association among oligo-I at high salt. The behavior of the dA3G-CT3 helix is consistent with both fraying of the terminal base pairs and presence of intermediate states as the helix opens. In the monomer oligomer complexes, under the conditions used here, the exchange appears to be governed by the dissociation rate of monomer from the complex. These findings suggest that those tertiary structure hydrogen bonds in tRNA involving ring nitrogen protons should have representative resonances in the low-field (11-16 ppm) proton NMR region in H2O. PMID- 1252443 TI - Hydrogen-bonded complexes of the ribodinucleoside monophosphates in aqueous solution. Proton magnetic resonance studies. AB - A proton magnetic resonance study of the chemical shifts of a series of ribodinucleoside monophosphates in neutral H2O solution has been recorded in the 1-100 mM concentration range. The self-complementary dinucleoside monophosphates CpG and GpC and the complementary mixture GpU + ApC form intermolecular hydrogen bonded complexes at low temperatures. The amino proton chemical shifts in the CpG and GpC spectra are consistent with the formation of a miniature double helical dimer in neutral aqueous solution at low temperatures (approximately 2 degrees C). The complementary mixture of dinucleosides GpU + ApC formed much less stable complexes than either GpC or CpG, while UpA did not show any indication of the formation of intermolecular hydrogen-bonded complexes. This result is consistent with the well-known observation that the stability of a double helix is proportional to the percent of G-C base pairs present. PMID- 1252444 TI - Study of triple-singlet energy transfer in an enzyme-dye complex using optical detection of magnetic resonance. AB - We have made optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements on the enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin, as well as on its complex with the dye, proflavin. Evidence that triplet-singlet energy transfer occurs in the complex is provided by the observation of characteristic tryptophan ODMR signals while monitoring the delayed fluorescence of the dye. The luminescence decay kinetics of the complex indicates that nontrivial triplet-singlet transfer originates from several (at least three) tryptophan residues of the enzyme. ODMR sensitivity can be enhanced by coupling the sublevels of a weakly radiative triplet state to a fluorescent dye which satisfies Forster's (Forster, T. (1948), Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 2, 55; (1965), in Modern Quantum Chemistry, Istanbul Lectures, Part III, Sinanoglu, O., Ed., New York, N.Y., Academic Press, p 93) conditions for energy transfer. PMID- 1252445 TI - Mutant forms of cytochrome P-450 controlling both 18- and 11beta-steroid hydroxylation in the rat. AB - A reciprocal relationship between steroid 18- and 11beta-hydroxylase activities in the salt susceptible (S) and the salt resistant (R) strains of rats was previously shown to be controlled by a single genetic locus with two alleles and inheritance by co-dominance (Rapp, J. P., and Dahl, L. K. (1972), Endocrinology 90, 1435). The strain specific steroidogenic patterns, characterized by the relative magnitudes of 18- and 11beta-hydroxylase activities, were found to be determined by adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 particles. Carbon monoxide inhibition of 18- and 11beta-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone in these strains showed that the CO/O2 ratio causing 50% inhibition (i.e., Warburg's partition constant, K) was identical for 18- and 11beta-hydroxylation within a strain, but different for both 18- and 11 beta hydroxylation between strains. (K values were: S rats, 18-hydroxylation = 11.4 +/- 1.4; S rats, 11beta hydroxylation = 11.0 +/- 1.2; R rats, 18-hydroxylation = 56.4 +/- 13.7; R rats, 11beta-hydroxylation = 46.7 +/- 11.7). This between-strain difference was unique for 18- and 11beta-hydroxylation; i.e., it was not seen with cholesterol side chain cleavage or 21-hydroxylation. Moreover, the strain-specific K values for 18 and 11beta-hydroxylase and the strain-specific steroidogenic patterns due to the relative magnitudes of 18- and 11beta-hydroxylase activities segregated together in an F2 population. These data strongly suggest the same cytochrome P-450 is involved in both 18- and 11beta-hydroxylation and that this cytochrome is mutated between S and R rats. K values for the reaction corticosterone leads to 18 hydroxycorticosterone were different between S and R strains, indicating that the mutant cytochrome was also involved in this hydroxylation, but K values for the conversion corticosterone leads to aldosterone were not different between strains. This was interpreted to mean that each step in the sequence corticosterone leads to 18-hydroxycorticosterone leads to aldosterone was mediated by a different cytochrome, the K value for the second step being the lower and dominating the overall reaction. It was speculated that the second step could be a second hydroxylation at position 18 to yield 18,18 dihydroxycorticosterone which could be unstable and decompose into aldosterone and water. PMID- 1252446 TI - Temperature dependence of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence in phophoslipid artificial membranes. AB - The fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in phospholipid vesicles is a function of the physical state of the lipid. Below the phase transition, the polarization approaches the theoretical maximum for total immobilization while above the phase transition the fluorescence becomes nearly completely depolarized. The discontinuity in the temperature dependence of polarization occurs within a temperature range under 5 degrees C in the case of pure phospholipids, but for mixed phospholipids occurs over a temperature range greater than 20 degrees C. From these data, phase diagrams describing the gel-sol equilibrium can be constructed; the phase diagrams correspond well with those described in the literature which were constructed using spin-label probes or from x-ray diffraction patterns. The marked change in polarization at the phase transition may be related to the packing of the probe molecule into the lipid bilayer: fluorescence measurements on oriented bilayers indicate that below the phase transition the long axis of the probe is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the membrane while above the transition the probe is oriented randomly relative to the plane of the membrane. PMID- 1252447 TI - Transfer of xylose to steroids by rabbit liver microsomes. AB - Rabbit liver microsomal preparations can transfer xylose from UDP-xylose to estron, 17alpha-estradiol, and 17beta-estradiol, and, in poorer yield, to diethylstilbestrol and p-nitrophenol. No transfer of xylose to estriol, testosterone, epitestosterone or 17alpha-estradiol 3-glucuronide could be demonstrated. The xyloside of [6,7-3H]estrone which was formed by liver microsomes crystallized to constant specific activity with estrone beta-D xylopyranoside, the chemical preparation of which is described. PMID- 1252448 TI - Asymmetry and transposition rates of phosphatidylcholine in rat erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Purified phospholipid exchange protein from beef heart cytosol is used to accelerate the exchange of phospholipids between labeled sealed ghosts and phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes. The purified protein accelerates the transfer of phosphatidylcholine and, to a lesser degree, that of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, and lysophosphatidylcholine. The presence of exchange protein does not accelerate the exchange of phospholipids between intact red blood cells and liposomes, but 75% of the phosphatidylcholine of sealed ghosts is readily available for exchange. The remaining 25% is also exchangeable but at a slower rate. When the exchange is assayed between inside-out vesicles and liposomes, 37% of the phosphatidylcholine is readily available, and 63% is exchanged at a slower rate. These results are consistent with an asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylcholine in isolated erythrocyte membrane fractions. The sum of the forward and backward transposition of phosphatidylcholine between the inside and outside layers of sealed ghost membranes amounts to 11% per hour, and the half-time for equilibration is 2.3 h. Significatnly lower values are obtained for the inside-out vesicles (half-time for equilibration: 5.3 h). These results suggest that, during the formation of the vesicles, the asymmetry of phosphatidylcholine is partially preserved, but structural changes occur in the membrane that affect the rate of membrane transposition of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1252449 TI - Chemical-enzymatic replacement of Ile64 in the reactive site of soybeen trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). AB - All the reactive amino groups in soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) were protected by guanidination of 9 out of 10 lysyl residues with O-methylisourea and by carbamoylation of the NH2 terminal Asp with potassium cyanate. This derivative was converted to modified inhibitor (Arg63-Ile64 reactive site peptide bond hydrolyzed) by incubation with trypsin at pH 3. The NH2 terminal of Ile64 was allowed to react with phenyl isothiocyanate to produce inactive phenylthiocarbamoyl-modified inhibitor. Treatment with trifluoroacetic acid formed the anilinothiazolinone of Ile64 yielding des-Ile64-modified inhibitor. After renaturation and purification, this material coelectrophoresed with modified inhibitor but did not form a stable complex with trypsin. Incubation with tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(amino acid)-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters yielded [tert butyloxycarbonyl-(amino acid64)]-modified inhibitor. The tert-butyloxycarbonyl protective group was removed in trifluoroacetic acid. After renaturation, active [amino acid64]-modified inhibitors were obtained for Ile64, Ala64, Leu64, and Gly64 replacements. The resynthesis of the reactive-site peptide bound by kinetic control dissociation of the trypsin-inhibitor complex yielded fully active [Ala64]-virgin inhibitor. Thus, soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) has been shown to tolerate the replacement of the P1' residue with retention of activity. The importance of P1' residues in the function of protein proteinase inhibitors is discussed. PMID- 1252450 TI - Chemical-enzymatic insertion of an amino acid residue in the reactive site of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). AB - Modified (Arg63-Ile64 reactive-site peptide bond hydrolyzed) soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) with all reactive amino groups, except that of Ile64, protected was described in the preceding paper (Kowalski, D., and Laskowski, M., Jr. (1976), Biochemistry, preceding paper in this issue). Treatment of this inhibitor with tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Ala- and tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Ile-N-hydroxy succinimide esters yields inactive endo-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Ala63A-and endo tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Ile63A-modified inhibitors. The tert-butyloxycarbonyl groups were removed by treatment of the proteins with trifluoroacetic acid. After renaturation and purification, the resultant endo-Ala63A- and endo-Ile63A modified inhibitors co-electrophorese with modified inhibitor both on disc gels (pH 9.4) and sodium dodecyl sulfate gels (after reduction of disulfide bonds) and show end groups corresponding to the 63A residue. These derivatives fail to form stable complexes with trypsin, extending the previous observation (Kowalski, D., and Laskowski, M., Jr. (1972), Biochemistry 11, 3451) that acylation of the P1' residue in modified inhibitors leads to inactivation. However, the incubation of endo-Ala63A- and endo-Ile63A-modified inhibitors with trypsin at pH 6.5 leads to the synthesis of the Arg63-Ala63A and Arg63-Ile63A peptide bonds in 4% yield. This is very close to the yield anticipated from a semiquantitative theory for the value of the equilibrium constant for reactive-site peptide bond. An alternative chemical method of insertion is also described. Controlled treatment of modified inhibitor with the N-carboxyanhydride of Glu produced inactive endo Glu63A-modified inhibitor. Incubation of this inactive derivative with trypsin at pH 6.5 leads to 16% synthesis of the Arg63-Glu63A peptide bond. The higher yield of single chain protein in this case is attributed to the influence of the negative charge of the Glu63A side chain. Thus, the insertion of an amino acid residue between the P1 and P1' residues in soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) converts a trypsin inhibitor into a trypsin substrate. PMID- 1252451 TI - The effect of Raney nickel on the covalent thymidylate synthetase-5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate complex. AB - Raney nickel (Ni(H)) catalyzes a specific reductive cleavage of carbon-sulfur bonds and, therefore, can be used to determine whether compounds are covalently bound to proteins through a sulfide linkage. When the covalent thymidylate synthetase-[3H]5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid-[14C]-5,10-CH2H4-folate complex (Langenbach et al. (1972a), Biochem, Biophys. Res. Commun. 48, 1565) was denatured and then shaken with Ni(H) at 25 degrees C, both isotopes were rapidly cleaved from the protein, with identical reaction halftimes of less than 10 min. The liberated radioactivity was filterable through nitro-cellulose filters and comigrated with small molecules on Sephadex G-25. Both labels migrated identically upon paper chromatography. A [3H]5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid [35S]thymidylate synthetase complex was formed with enzyme isolated from Lactobacillus casei grown in the presence of [35S]cysteine. This complex, upon Ni(H) treatment, released both tritium and sulfur-35 at identical rates. Control experiments on amino acids showed that only the sulfur-containing amino acids are degraded by Ni(H). Cysteine was rapidly converted to alanine and methionine to alpha-aminobutyric acid. 5-Carboxymethylcysteine and 5-uracilylcysteine, simple models for the tenary enzyme-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid-5,10-CH2H4-folate complex, were converted to alanine at the same rate that 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridylic acid (FdUrd-5'-P) was cleaved from the enzyme. Native ribonuclease, which has a tightly coiled structure, was not affected by the reagent, but carboxymethylated ribonuclease was desulfurized. Amino acid analysis of Ni(H) treated thymidylate synthetase showed that cysteine was the only amino acid degraded. Gel electrophoresis of the proteins after exposure to Ni(H) showed no breakage of polypeptide chains. These results support a sulfide linkage between FdUrd-5'-P and thymidylate synthetase in the covalent complex. PMID- 1252452 TI - The effect of opposing effectors on activation level of succinate dehydrogenase: equilibrium and kinetic studies. AB - The activation of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase by various activators is a result of dissociation of oxaloacetate tightly bound to the nonactive enzyme. But, quantitative correlation between the effector concentrations and the active fraction of the enzyme was not at hand. In this study we measured the level of active succinate dehydrogenase equilibrated with a wide range of opposing effectors: oxaloacetate (1-500 muM) and activator (0.02-1.5 M NaBr). The results are compatible with a model assuming two stable forms of the enzyme: a nonactive enzyme-oxaloacetate complex and an active enzyme free of oxaloacetate. The active form is stabilized by binding two Br- and one H+. The rate of activation (ka) and exchange between enzyme bound and free oxaloacetate k(ex) were measured. Both ka and kex are hyperbolically dependent on Br- concentration but differ in magnitude and pH dependence. kex at infinite Br- concentration is pH dependent but ka is not. The two reactions, activation and exchange, also differ in their activation energy bein 32 and 21.5 kcal/mol, respectively. It is concluded that, in the course of activation, Br- interacts at two distinct steps. First to produce a ternary, nonactive [enzyme-oxaloacetate-Br-] complex. From this complex, oxaloacetate dissociates and the oxaloacetate-free enzyme assumes its active form. Finally, the active enzyme is stabilized by binding another Br-. The rate limiting step in deactivation is binding of oxaloacetate to active enzyme. The complex formed undergoes a very rapid transformation to the stable nonactive form. This pathway, under certain conditions, can reverse its direction and contribute to the overall rate of activation. It is suggested that the equilibrium between the two stable forms of the enzyme can be reached by two parallel pathways, each contributing independently to the observed rate of activation, while the final equilibrium is determined by the free energy between the products and the reactants. PMID- 1252453 TI - Birefringence of glycerinated crab muscle fiber under various conditions. AB - By using glycerinated single fibers of crab muscle (Sesarma haematocheir) which has long sarcomeres, the birefringence of the I band, H band and the overlapping region between thin and thick filaments was measured separately, under various environmental conditions. At the resting length, the birefringence of the fiber was decreased by the addition of Ca2+ in the absence of ATP, by about 0.35%. This birefringence decrease was found to take place in the overlapping region. The decrease corresponded to about 2% of the birefringence of thin filaments in this region. The birefringence of the fiber was increased by the addition of ATP in the absence of Ca2+, by about 6%. This birefringence increase also took place mostly in the overlapping region. The increase of birefringence by pyrophosphate was about half of that by ATP. The birefringence of the fiber was decreased by the increase of the ionic strength from 0.12 to 0.20. The origin of the observed changes of birefringence is discussed. PMID- 1252454 TI - Studies on phytohemagglutinins. XXVII. A study of the pea lectin binding site. AB - Under defined mild conditions the reaction of the pea lectin with 2 nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride results in sulfenylation of only 2 of the 10 tryptophan residues of the lectin molecule with simultaneous loss of biological activity. Both sulfenylated tryptophan residues belong to the two heavy subunits of the lectin. Enzymic hydrolysis and separation of the tryptic peptides yields only one homogeneous yellow peptide containing the modified tryptophan residue. The isolated peptide has the following sequence (NPS, nitrophenylsulfenyl): HAsp Val-Val-Pro-Glu-(2-NPS-Trp)-Val-ArgOH. The octapeptide is either directly a part of the pea lectin binding site or it plays an important role in maintaining the tertiary structure of the binding site. According to the amino acid composition and amino acid sequence, the octapeptide isolated from the pea lectin is almost identical with that part of the peptide chain of concanavalin A near to which the location of the sugar binding site is supposed to be. PMID- 1252455 TI - Factors affecting the properties of insolubilized anitbodies. AB - IgG separated from an antiserum to estradiol was coupled under various experimental conditions to Sepharose activated either with CNBr or by conversion into a long-armed derivative (the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester). The conjugates were characterized by measurement of the binding parameters, in order to evaluate separately the loss of sites and the loss of affinity. The cross-reactivity with estriol and estrone was measured to obtain information on the occurrence of structural alterations of the antibody site. The results show that the loss of immunoreactivity varies in extent (from 95% to less than 10%) and in nature (loss of sites or of affinity or a combination of both effects) depending on the coupling conditions. The use of a hydrocarbon extension to keep the protein distant from the matrix does not prevent the loss of active sites but is effective in safeguarding the affinity of the residual sites. The loss of sites can be substantially reduced by coupling at a pH value around neutrality and by keeping the protein/matrix mass ratio low. At a coupling pH of 6.4 and at a mass ratio of 0.1-0.2 nmol IgG/mg of Sepharose, the antibodies were insolubilized with a negligible loss of sites and affinity; on increasing the mass ratio (up to 10 nmol IgG/mg Sepharose) there is a progressive loss of sites accompanied by a substantial lowering of the affinity of the residual sites. On the basis of the above-mentioned findings, the nature of the effects occurring when antibodies are transferred from solution onto a solid matrix is discussed. PMID- 1252456 TI - Beta-3-Oxindolylalanine: The main intermediate in tryptophan degradation occurring in acid hydrolysis of protein. AB - Under hydrolytic conditions using 6 M HCl, tryptophan reacted separately with dithiodiglycolic acid and cystine to give beta-3-oxindolylalanine (beta-[3-(2 indolinone)]alanine) as the main product. A compound, which eluted in the amino acid analyzer at the same position as beta-3-oxindolylalanine, was found in the acid hydrolyzate of lysozyme. The identicalness of these two compounds was established by comparison of their ultraviolet absorption spectra, elution positions on ion exchange chromatograms, etc. The "acid degradation product of tryptophan", which is known to be produced upon acid hydrolysis of tryptophan containing proteins, must also be the same compound. PMID- 1252457 TI - The iron and subunit binding sites of hemerythrin. The role of histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan. AB - Of the three tyrosine residues available for nitration by tetranitromethane in hemerythrin, nitration of tyrosine residue 70 has no effect on dissociation of octomers to monomers, but nitration of tyrosines 18 and/or 67 results in dissociation to monomers. The latter data suggests these residues are important for subunit association. The reactive sulfhydryl, the modification of which produces dissociation, was protected as a mixed disulfide during the nitration but was regenerated for analysis of the state of association. Residue 70 can be selectively modified because of its exposed position and perhaps because of its slightly lower pk of 6.9, compared to 7.3 as an average of all nitrotyrosines in a completely nitrated hemerythrin. Solvent perturbation studies in 20% Me2SO indicate that 3 tyrosines, in agreement with the nitration results, and 2 tryptophan residues are exposed; however, oxidation at a 2-fold molar excess of N bromosuccinimide oxidizes three tryptophan whereas a 3.5-fold excess oxidizes all four, but results in a rapid active site destruction. Photo-oxidation with methylene blue results in oxidation of only two tryptophan residues. These data have been interpreted to indicate that two tryptophans are free and two are involved in subunit association. Photo-oxidation with methylene blue results in the destruction of three histidines but no decrease in active site absorption. Histidine modification with diethyloxydiformate shows that three histidines react with no change in active site absorption. These results indicate that four histidines are unreactive toward these modifying agents and are therefore either buried or are ligands to the iron. PMID- 1252458 TI - Further characterization studies of the alpha-amylase protein inhibitor of gel electrophoretic mobility 0.19 from the wheat kernel. AB - A highly purified amylase protein inhibitor from the kernels of hexaplois wheat, designated 0.19 according to its gel electrophoretic mobility, has been characterized according to its circular dichroism spectra determined at different pH values and in the presence or absence of dissociating and reducing agents. The 0.19 albumin has also been characterized according to the specificity with which it inhibits 21 alpha-amylases from different origins and according to its sensitivity to a number of chemical and enzymatic treatments of its inhibitory action on human saliva and Tenebrio molitor L. larval midgut alpha-amylases. Inhibitory activity of 0.19 toward human saliva amylase significantly increased when the inhibitor was incubated with the enzyme before the addition of starch, but it was not affected by the preincubation of 0.19 with starch. Maltose reversed the inhibition of human saliva by 0.19 and showed some inhibitory activity toward the enzyme. However, maltose concentrations that only slightly affected amylase activity were very effective in restoring the amylase activity inhibited by 0.19. The inhibitory action of 0.19 on human saliva and T. molitor L. amylases were equally resistant to trypsin and thermal treatments, but 0.19 was readily inactivated by incubation with pepsin or by reduction of disulfide bonds. The inhibition of the mammalian amylase by 0.19 was adversely affected by a treatment with CNBr (1:100 ratio of methionine residues to CNBr) whereas the inhibition of the insect amylase was not. As shown by circular dichroism measurements in the far ultraviolet, 0.19 is a protein with about 50% of ordered structure. Significant and largely reversible changes have been observed in the aromatic CD spectrum of 0.19 at alkaline pH values or in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. These changes, which were associated with a partial loss of inhibitory activity, indicate that ionizable tyrosine groups contribute significantly to the ellipticity bands of 0.19 in the near ultraviolet. PMID- 1252459 TI - Fibrinogenolytic enzymes of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom. AB - By means of CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom was separated into twenty fractions. The fibrinogenolytic activity was concentrated in Fractions 8, 10, 12, 13 and 14. Fractions 8 adn 13 had the highest ratio of fibrinogenolytic and caseinolytic activities. Fraction 8 possessed tosyl-L-arginine methyl esterase activity, while the others did not. The caseinolytic activities of Fractions 10, 12, 13 and 14 were inhibited by EDTA, while that of Fraction 8 was not. Fractions 8 and 13 were further purified by CM-cellulose and gel filtration and were homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and cellulose acetate membrane. The molecular weights of the purified Fractions 8 and 13 were 26 000 and 22 400, respectively. Both were single peptide chains. The specific fibrinogenolytic activity of Fraction 8 was 17 mg fibrinogen/min/mg protein, while that of Fraction 13was 100 mg fibrinogen/min/mg protein. Fraction 13 digested specifically the alpha(A) chain of monomeric fibrinogen to yield two cleavage products. Fraction 8 digested the beta(B) chain first to yield four cleavage products. When the incubation time was prolonged, the alpha(A) chain was also partially digested by Fraction 8 to yield two cleavage products. PMID- 1252460 TI - Affinity chromatography of amine oxidase from Aspergillus niger. AB - Omega-Aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B served as an excellent biospecific adsorbent for affinity chromatography of amine oxidase (monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.4) from Aspergillus niger. The enzyme was completely adsorbed on this affinity resin when applied to a column in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Although a small part of the enzyme was retained on the column through ionic interaction and eluted with 1.0 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), most of the enzyme adsorbed was eluted with 0.5 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 10 mM butylamine. Essentially no retention of the enzyme on a column of epsilon-aminopentyl-Sepharose or delta-aminobutyl Sepharose occurred under the same conditions, indicating that an appropriate length (more than approx. 12 A) of a hydrocarbon extension between the agarose matrix and the terminal amino group would be necessary for efficient adsorption of amine oxidase. The modification of the enzyme with 3-methyl-2 benzothiazolinone hydrazone (carbonyl inhibitor) or dithionite (reducing agent) resulted in loss of the ability to bind to omega-aminohexyl-Sepharose. It was also demonstrated that the affinity chromatography on omega-aminohexyl-Sepharose can be used as a powerful means of purifying this enzyme from crude extracts of Aspergillus niger. All of the three adsorbents were effective as a substrate in the amine oxidase reaction, but their substrate activities were as low as the corresponding free diamines. PMID- 1252461 TI - Study of the apoprotein of Folch-Pi bovine proteolipid. II. Characterization of the components isolated from sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. AB - Acrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate solutions of Folch-Pi apoprotein shows several bands. The different components were separated by Biogel P-200 filtration and then reduced and carboxymethylated. A comparative study of the amino acid composition, N-terminal sequence and C-terminal amino acid of the different components led to the assumption that their primary sequences are similar. Evidence for a contamination of the protein by free amino acids might explain the difference in terminal groups found by us and by other groups. It has been shown that the purified components can polymerize independently of S-S bond formation or exchange. The polymerization products were found to resist dissociation by dodecyl sulfate. It has been suggested therefore that the differences in migration rates of the various components are related to their shape rather than to their molecular weight. PMID- 1252462 TI - The myoglobin of the Cape hunting dog (Lycaon pictus). AB - Tryptic and other peptides from the myoglobin of the Cape hunting dog (Lycaon pictus) have been aligned with the sequence of the myoglobin of the domestic dog. One amino acid difference was found which was confirmed by dansyl-Edman degradation. The five carnivore myoglobins now known have been integrated into an evolutionary cladogram, trying to trace the pathways of mutations, and a possible ancestral myoglobin for the carnivores has been constructed. PMID- 1252463 TI - The covalent structure of dog myoglobin. AB - The primary structure of the myoglobin of the domestic dog (German shepherd) was studied. Tryptic and thermolytic peptides were compared with the sequence of other known myoglobins; the stepwise automatic Edman's degradation of the whole globin and also the chymotryptic digestion of the median fragment obtained by CNBr cleavage completed this sequence. Comparison of the established dog myoglobin structure with those from other carnivora shows 16 differences versus badger, 20 versus harbour seal and 15 versus California sea lion. PMID- 1252464 TI - The nature of alkylurea and urea denaturation of alpha-chymotrypsinogen. AB - The optical rotatory dispersion of alpha-chymotrypsinogen in aqueous solution became less levorotatory upon the addition of ethyl-, propyl-, or butylurea; less negative values for the Moffitt-Yang parameter, alphao, were also obatined. This change in optical rotation of alpha-chymotrypsinogen induced by the alkylureas was similar in direction and magnitude to that observed for alcohols but was opposite to that caused by unsubstituted urea. It appears, therefore, that the alkylureas share with the alcohols an ability to rearrange alpha-chymotrypsinogen into a non-native yet regularly ordered conformation. The effectiveness of the alkylureas and alcohols as denaturants for this protein increased in the order ethyl less than propyl less than butyl derivatives. An identical rank-order was observed for the ability of the alkylureas and alcohols to diminish attractive forces between aliphatic groups, as measured by a model system based upon the extent of aggregation of glass beads coated with methyl groups. These findings indicate that the denaturing action of alkylureas for alpha-chymotrypsinogen is a function of the substituted aliphatic group and is predominantly hydrophobic in character. Non-hydrophobic interactions of unsubstituted urea with alpha chymotrypsinogen appear to be critical for unfolding of the protein to a random coil configuration. PMID- 1252465 TI - N-terminal peptide sequence of goat-beta-lactoglobulin. AB - Three cyanogen bromide peptides from native goat beta-lactoglobulin have been isolated by gel-filtration. The N-terminal fragment has been identified and its sequence was determined to be: Ile-Val-Thr-Gln-Thr-. The results are compared with the N-terminal region of cow beta-lactoglobulins A and B. PMID- 1252466 TI - Band-shape analysis and resolution of electronic spectra of pyridoxal phosphate and other 3-hydroxypyridine-4-aldehydes. AB - The electronic absorption spectra of individual ionic forms of pyridoxal phosphate and of a series of related aldehydes have been evaluated together with pKa values. Spectral resolution with lognormal curves has permitted the quantitative description of equilibria for hydration and tautomerization. Precise values of peak positions for both aldehyde and hydrate forms have been obtained. Measurements of temperature-induced changes in the spectra have provided additional information. Knowing the hydration ratios and stepwide acid dissociation constants, it is possible to evaluate microscopic acid dissociation constants for both the aldehyde and hydrate forms of the compounds. PMID- 1252467 TI - Chemical and biological properties of a peptido-glucan fraction from Armillaria mellea (Basidiomycetes). AB - A peptide-glucan fraction from Armillaria mellea (Basidiomycetes) was isolated and some aspects of its chemical structure were determined. The glucan is linked to the peptide portion which represents 30% w/w of the complex. Treatment with alkali destroys most of the threonine and leads to the separation of the peptide and carbohydrate moieties indicating the involvement of the hydroxyl group of threonine in the peptide-glucan linkage. The results of partial hydrolysis, methylation studies and Smith degradation involving periodate oxidation, borohydride reduction and acid hydrolysis indicate that the polysaccharide moiety consists of beta(1 leads to 3) and beta(1 leads to 6)-linked D-glucose residues. This peptide-rich glucan fraction showed a significant antitumor activity. PMID- 1252468 TI - The effect of cycloheximide on galactosyltransferase of rat liver Golgi membranes. AB - An inhibitory effect of cycloheximide on the initial rate of galactosyltransferase of rat liver Golgi membranes has been demonstrated. Cycloheximide was effective in inhibiting the activity of the enzyme when added directly to the assay medium or after pre-incubation of the membranes with the drug. The inhibition observed with different concentrations of nucleotide sugar was shown to be competitive at higher concentrations of the nucleotide sugar (0.10-1.0 mumol). The inhibition observed with different concentrations of acceptor, N-acetylglucosamine was complex and could not be analysed further with the present data. Washing the Golgi membranes previously incubated with cycloheximide with water failed to reverse the inhibition. Washing with UDPgalactose partially reversed the inhibition only. These results, together with the observation that serum galactosyltransferase was not inhibited by cycloheximide supported the view that the cycloheximide effect may be primarily on the membrane system. PMID- 1252469 TI - Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the neonatal rat exocrine pancreas induced by orally administered soybean trypsin inhibitor. AB - Measurement of RNA, DNA, protein and phospholipid synthesis in the neonatal rat pancreas following the oral administration of partially purified soybean trypsin inhibitor demonstrates an enhanced synthesis of all these constituents. Evidence of true hyperplasia in addition to this cellular hypertrophy is provided by an increased mitotic activity in the exocrine pancreas following a wave of enhanced [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA. Complete inhibition of the stimulated RNA synthesis by low doses of actinomycin D indicates the importance of transcription as a regulatory step in the response of the exocrine pancreas to trophic stimulation by this means. Collateral observations of [3H] thymidine and [14C] orotic acid incorporation into liver DNA and RNA, respectively, fail to demonstrate comparable changes confirming the probable specificity of the trypsin inhibitor induced effect on the exocrine pancreas. It is suggested that the pronounced trophic effect of orally administered soybean trypsin inhibitor in the neonatal rat pancreas may serve as a useful model for the study of regulatory mechanisms of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the mammalian pancreas. PMID- 1252470 TI - Interpretation of the rate of density labelling of enzymes with 2H2O. Possible implications for the mode of action of phytochrome. AB - The interpretation of the rate of density labelling of enzymes (the differential or comparative density labelling technique) is considered in terms of two simple models of enzyme turnover. On the basis of this illustrative analysis it is demonstrated that the interpretation of differential (comparative) density labelling experiments is critically dependent on the establishment of a definitive mechanism of enzyme turnover for each particular enzyme studied. In the light of these findings the interpretation of comparative (differential) density labelling experiments appertaining to the mechanism of phytochrome mediated increases in enzyme activity in higher plants is re-assessed. PMID- 1252471 TI - Effects of kinetin on phosphorylation of leaf membrane proteins. AB - Isolated Chinese cabbage leaf membranes were phosphorylated by membrane associated protein kinase(s) in the presence or [gamma-32P]ATP. Membrane associated 32P radioactivity appeared to be bound to membrane proteins. Both smooth cell membranes and chloroplast lamellae reacted with ATP. Phosphorylation of the membranes was inhibited by Ca2+ and partially inhibited by kinetin or 6 benzyladenine. The possibility that cytokinin effects on membrane phosphorylation might increase ion availability was investigated in vivo. It was found that Ca2+ could substitute for kinetin in the leaf disc expansion assay. PMID- 1252472 TI - Preparation and isolation of a taste bud-derived fraction from bovine circumvallate papillae. AB - A crude extract from taste buds was prepared from circumvallate papillae of bovine tongues by a procedure consisting of freezing, coring, excision, treatment with hypotonic buffer, nitrogen pressurization and selective homogenization. Examination of taste buds by light and electron microscopy before and after this procedure indicated that some of the contents of the buds, mainly from the more apical portions, was extruded following the procedure; anatomical changes could not be observed in the epithelial tissue immediately surrounding the taste buds. PMID- 1252473 TI - Characterization of fractions from taste bud and non-taste bud-enriched filtrates from and around bovine circumvallate papillae. PMID- 1252474 TI - [Study of the formation of N-glycolylmuramic acid from Nocardia asteroides (author's transl)]. AB - Nocardia asteroides was grown in Sauton medium containing sodium [carboxy 14C]acetate. The biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan was inhibited by adding penicillin or phosphonomycin to the growth medium. These antibiotics give an accumulation of radioactive nucleotidic precursors of the peptidoglycan. In the presence of penicillin, there was an accumulation of uridine diphosphate-N glycolylmuramyl peptide (UDP-MurNGlyc peptide) and of a mixture of uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl and N-glycolylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc) and UDP-MurNGlyc). In the presence of phosphonomycin, the biosynthesis of muramic acid was blocked and there was an accumulation of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP GlcNAc) and uridine diphosphate-N-glycolyglucosamine (UDP-GlcNGlyc). Thus the formation of a N-glycolyl group can be performed upon the neucleotidic derivatives of glucosamine and muramic acid. However in the peptidoglycan synthesized in vivo in the absence of antibiotic, only muramic acid was glycolyated. So, glycolylation seems to take place essentially on UDP-MurNAc. When the binding of peptide chain to muramic acid is achieved, all the muramic acid is glycolylated, then the polymerisation of glycan and peptidoglycan units by the mean of particulate enzymes is carried out on the N-glycolylated derivative of muramic acid. A cell-free preparation from Nocardia asteroides was obtained which can hydroxylate the acetyl group of UDP-MurNAc. The activity was localised in the soluble fraction. This system acts as a hydroxylase and requires the presence of NADPH. PMID- 1252475 TI - Direct determination of the stoichiometry of charge transfer complexes. AB - The stoichiometry of the charge transfer complex between N-acetyl-L-tryptophan and 1-methylnicotinamide chloride has been determined to be precisely 1:1 by direct measurement of the molecular weight of the complex. The result is of interest both in terms of a general method for determining the stoichiometry of charge transfer complexes, and in terms of the probable stoichiometry of specific charge transfer complexes between 1-methylnicotinamide chloride and the exposed tryptophyl side chains of certain proteins. In the latter case, the result provides experimental proof for the assignment of extinction coefficients of specified magnitudes to the homomorphic model complexes which serve as the basis for the interpretation of results with proteins. PMID- 1252476 TI - [Separation and role of diacylglycerols in the envelope of spinach chloroplasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252477 TI - Characterization, distribution and biosynthesis of the major ganglioside of rat intestinal mucosa. AB - The major sialic acid containing glycolipid has been isolated from rat intestinal mucosa. Characterization of this ganglioside by thin layer and gas chromatographic analysis indicates that it is an hematoside (GM3) with the major portion of the sialic acid in the N-glycolyl form. The distribution of this ganglioside was determined in villus and crypt cells isolated from rat intestine. The hematoside content of crypt cells was found to be significantly decreased when compared to villus cells. CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase, responsible for the sialylation of lactosylceramide, was measured in differentiated villus and undifferentiated crypt cells and found to be greatly reduced in the crypt cell fraction. The present study demonstrates that marked differences in ganglioside content and biosynthesis occur in contiguous populations of cells in varying states of differentiation when isolated from normal rat intestine. PMID- 1252478 TI - The enzymic formation of long chain aldehydes and alcohols by alpha-oxidation of fatty acids in extracts of cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus). AB - 1. An enzyme system that catalyses the alpha-oxidation of fatty acids to shorter chain products is present in acetone powders of cucumber fruits. 2. In the absence of NAD+, the predominant product from palmitic acid is pentadecanal. Addition of NAD+ gives rise to a homologous series of n-alkanals, the concentrations of which are in the same order as that reported in the volatile products formed on homogenization of cucumbers, i.e. C15 greater than C14 greater than C13 greater than C12. 3. Pentadecan-1-ol is also formed from palmitic acid in the absence of added NAD+; C15, C14 and C13 n-alkanols are produced in the presence of NAD+. 4. The substrate specificity for saturated fatty acids is in the order C12 less than C14 greater than C16 greater than C18. Unsaturated C18 acids are oxidized more readily than stearic acid. 5. The alpha-oxidation system is inhibited by dithiothreitol, cysteine, imidazole and certain metal ligands (CN , N3-, diphenylthiocarbazone) but not by EDTA. 6. Differences between the alpha oxidation system in cucumber and those previously reported in other plants are discussed. PMID- 1252479 TI - Influence of environmental temperature on the fatty acid desaturation and elongation activity of fish (Pimelodus maculatus) liver microsomes. AB - The effect of environmental temperature on the activity of liver microsomes of fish (Pimelodus maculatus) to desaturate and elongate oleic, linoleic and alpha linolenic acids was studied. It was found that: 1. Fish kept at 14-15 degrees C had higher desaturation and elongation activity than animals kept at 29-30 degrees C. The ratio of activity was the same for the three fatty acids. 2. A decrease of the environmental temperature increased the V of linoleic acid desaturation to gamma-linolenic acid, but did not modify the approximate Km of the reaction. 3. The inactivation of the delta6-desaturase of microsomes separated from fish kept at 29-30 degrees C and 14-15 degrees C was the same when heated at 40 degrees C. However, the enzyme was deactivated faster when heated at 29-30 degrees C than at 14-15 degrees C. 4. The increase of the delta6 desaturation activity of the microsomes evoked by the decrease of the temperature of the aquarium was mostly compensated for by the correlative decrease of the specific reaction rate of the reaction. For this reason it is assumed that the adaptive change of the desaturation activity of the microsomes with the environmental temperature does not greatly modify the fatty acid composition of the fish. PMID- 1252480 TI - [Beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of rat liver inner mitochondrial membrane. Its isolation, characterization, and reactivation by lecithins differing in their apolar regions. The influence of the addition of cholesterol on its level of reactivation (author's transl)]. AB - The beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase has been isolated and purified from the inner mitochondrial membrane of the rat liver. It consists in a dimer of molecular weight 77 000 composed by two subunits of molecular weight 38 000 each. The level of its reactivation by lecithin is influenced by the length and degree of unsaturated of their aliphatic chains. The addition of cholesterol inhibits the reactivation. PMID- 1252481 TI - The metabolism of (1-14C) stearic acid in rat testicular tissue. AB - (1) The metabolism of stearic acid was studied in vivo following intratesticular injection of [1-14C] stearate. Soon after injection 14C activity was found mainly in the free fatty acid pool. This was followed at later time periods by transfer of label primarily to the phosphatide pool. During each time period significant amounts of label were recovered at 14CO2. (2) Analysis of 14C-labeled fatty acids from the injected testes demonstrated an initial rapid rate of oxidation and desaturation of [1-14C] stearate followed by a slower steady state rate. It was concluded that the initial rate was due to the rapid turnover of the highly labeled free fatty acid pool followed by a much slower rate as [14C] stearate was esterified to the more metabolically stable phospholipids. Elongation of the labeled stearic or its desaturated derivative was not observed. (3) The rate of desaturation in vitro of stearic acid was measured in microsomal preparations from rat testes and found to be 12.0 +/- 0.5 pmol/min/mg compared to the estimated in vivo value of 22 pmol/min/mg and the value of 390 pmol/min/mg for hepatic microsomal desaturase. PMID- 1252482 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the aggregation of dihexanoyllecithin and of diheptanolyllecithin in aqueous solutions. AB - Aggregation of 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dihexanoyllecithin) and 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diheptanoyllecithin) in aqueous solutions has been investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chemical shifts and line widths of the NMR signals of the lecithins are dependent on the total concentration of lecithin above the critical micelle concentration. Signals for both lecithins in the aggregated state exhibit line widths which are appreciably smaller than the dipolar line width calculated using the overall rotational correlation time of the micelle. Signals of the alpha methylene protons of the carboxylic acid side chains of dihexanoyllecithin and diheptanoyllecithin undergo the greatest change in chemical shift on aggregation. A single averaged spectrum of the alpha-methylene protons is observed in lecithin solutions of concentrations ranging from one to four times the critical micelle concentration demonstrating that individual lecithin molecules are in rapid exchange, with respect to a frequency of 18 Hz, between the monomeric and the aggregated states. Plots of the chemical shift of the alpha-methylene protons versus concentration of lecithin approximate a micelle formation curve. At about five times the critical micelle concentration for both dihexanoyllecithin and diheptanoyllecithin the alpha-methylene pattern indicates that there are at least two magnetic environments for lecithin molecules in the aggregated state. Furthermore, individual lecithin molecules are in slow exchange between the two environments which are distinguished by a chemical shift difference of about 2 Hz. PMID- 1252483 TI - In vitro and in vivo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids from (1-14C) acetate in the renal papillae of rats. AB - 1. The relationship between the rate of [1-14C] acetate incorporation into the fatty acids of renal papillary lipids and the acetate concentration in the medium has been measured. 2. [1-14C] acetate was incorporated mainly into fatty acids of phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Only a few per cent of the radioactivity was found in the free fatty acid fraction. 3. The major part of the [1-14C] acetate was found to be incorporated by a chain elongation of prevalent fatty acids. The major component of the poly-unsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols and the major product of fatty acid synthesis from [1-14C] acetate in vitro was demonstrated by mass spectrometry to be docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid. 4. The radioactivity of docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid accounted for 40% of total radioactivity in triacylglycerol fatty acids (lipid droplet fraction) and 20% of total radioactivity in membrane phospholipid fatty acids. PMID- 1252484 TI - Formation of 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids from progesterone in vivo by 5alpha reduced pathway in older prepubertal rat testis. AB - Either [3H] progesterone (0.5 or 5 nmol/5 muCi), 5alpha-[3H] pregnane-3,20-dione (5 nmol/5 muCi) or [14C] progesterone (6.6 nmol/0.2 muCi) plus 5alpha-[3H] pregnane-3,20-dione (1 or 6.6 nmol/0.6 muCi), suspended in 0.05 ml of physiological saline solution, was injected into each testis of 32- and 90-day old rats. Following injection, radioactive metabolites in testis and spermatic vein blood were extracted, isolated, measured and identified by column and paper chromatographies, with derivative formation and recrystallization to constant specific activity. In the blood and testis of older prepubertal rats, major 17-OH C21 and C19 metabolites of progesterone were 5alpha-reduced steroids such as 3alpha, 17alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta diol and androsterone. Following injection of [14C] progesterone plus 5alpha-[3H] pregnane-3,20-dione into 32-day-old rat testis, no significant augmentation of the isotope from progesterone was observed in 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids as compared with 5alpha-reduced 17-OH-C21 steroids, indicating that 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids were mainly formed from 5alpha-reduced 17-OH-C21 steroids in older prepubertal testis. In the blood and testis of adult rats, small amounts of 5alpha-reduced metabolites were shown to be produced from progesterone, while active 17alpha-hydroxylation of 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione followed by C17-C20 lyase reaction was demonstrated. These findings seem to indicate that formation of 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids from progesterone by the 5alpha-reduced pathway is a major pathway of androgen biosynthesis in older prepubertal rat testis in vivo. PMID- 1252485 TI - Sphingolipids of influenza viruses. AB - Total lipid of four egg grown influenza viruses (A2-Asia, A2-England, A2-Taiwan and fowl plague virus) were extracted with chloroform-methanol. After mild alkali treatment of the extracts, glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin were separated by a silicic acid column, and finally purified by thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid, sphingosine and carbohydrate components of individual lipid classes were then analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. Nearly identical results were obtained with all viruses investigated. Approximately 20% of the total lipid was monohexosylceramide, distributed equally between glucosyl- and galactosyl- analogues. Lactosylceramide and oligohexosylceramides were found in much smaller concentrations (approx. 2%). About 15% of the total lipid was attributed to sphingomyelin. A large proportion of fatty acids (around 25% in sphingomyelin and 60% in glycolipids) belonged to the long chain (C19-C26) normal- and 2-hydroxy series. C18-sphingosine was found to be the only base present in all lipid classes investigated. PMID- 1252486 TI - The effect of the phase transition on the hydration and electrical conductivity of phospholipids. AB - Adsorption isotherms for various saturated phosphatidylcholines have been obtained. Lipids above and below their phase transition temperature differ only in the amount of water adsorbed and not in the nature of their adsorption isotherms. Cholesterol has an effect similar to that of increasing unsaturation in the hydrocarbon chains. Decreasing the length of the hydrocarbon chains for lipids below their phase transition temperature has no effect on the isotherms. If the chain length is short enough so that the lipids are above their transition temperature, however, a large increase in water adsorption occurs. All of the phospholipids exhibit a rapid increase of electrical conductivity for a few water molecules adsorbed per lipid molecule. All of the phospholipids show a saturation in conductivity at greater amounts of adsorbed water; the shape of the saturation region depends on whether the lipids are above or below their phase transition temperature. The activation energy for the electrical conductivity process depends on whether the hydrated lipids are in the "liquid-like" of the crystalline state, being lower for phospholipids in the liquid-like state. If the lipids are hydrated above their phase transition temperatures, their activation energies are lower than if they are hydrated below the transition temperature. Cholesterol lowers the activation energy. The phosphatidylcholines can be characterized by different activation energies, depending both upon their physical state and the presence of unsaturation in their hydrocarbon chains. PMID- 1252487 TI - The phospholipid head-group orientation: effect on hydration and electrical conductivity. AB - The water adsorption isotherms have been obtained for egg phosphatidyl ethanolamine when it is complexed to egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, respectively. In the presence of phosphatidylcholine, the phosphatidylethanol amine water binding is changed to a strong binding as compared to when the phospholipid is in its uncomplexed form. Cholesterol increases the water adorbed by the phospholipid, however, it does not change the nature of the isotherm. Phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine also exhibits a strong water binding. The electrical conductivity of these phospholipids has been measured concurrently with their hydration. Electrical activation energies have been obtained for the fully hydrated phospholipids and are a function of both the amount of water adsorbed and the orientation of the polar head-group. The results are discussed in terms of a model for water adsorption, previously put forth by the authors. PMID- 1252488 TI - Phospholipases A1 and A2 in bovine thyroid. AB - In both supernatant and sediment of thyroid tissue homogenate phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities were demonstrated. In the supernatant, using 1-acyl 2[1-14C]linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorocholine in the presence of sodium taurocholate, phospholipase A1 activity with pH optima at 3.6 and 4.8 and phospholipase A2 activity with pH optima at 3.6 and 5.7 were found. The sediment showed mainly phospholipase A2 activity with a pH optimum at pH 6.5. Lysophospholipase activity (optimum pH 7--8), USING 1-[9,10-(3)H]stearyl-sn glycero-3-phosphorocholine as a substrate was present in both supernatant and sediment. Enzyme assays performed on subcellular fractions suggest the soluble phospholipases to be of lysosomal origin and the solubilized phospholipase A2 activity of homogenate sediment to be of microsomal origin. Incubations with 3H 14C mixed labelled phosphatidylcholine further confirmed the above observations. PMID- 1252489 TI - Isolation and composition of the carotenoid-containing oil droplets from cone photoreceptors. AB - A procedure for isolating the carotenoid-containing oil droplets of cone retinal photoreceptors of Gallus domesticus is described. The oil droplets, composed almost entirely of neutral lipids and carotenoids, have been separated into ten chromatographic components. Similar separations have been carried out on the total retinal neutral lipids for comparison. The neutral lipids represented 26.1% of the total retinal lipid. Cholesterol, cholesterol ester, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols represented 92.6% of the total neutral lipid. Each of these and other minor neutral lipid components were also present in the lipids extracted from the isolated oil droplets in correspondingly similar concentrations. However, the concentrations of carotenoids were greatly enriched in the neutral lipids of the oil droplets. Each of the major fatty acyl-containing neutral lipids from the chromatography of oil droplet lipids is greatly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids when compared with the corresponding component from the total neutral lipid chromatography. In the acylglycerols and free fatty acid fraction from the oil droplets, linoleic and arachidonic acid together represented 52-83% of the total polyunsaturated fatty acids present. The remainder was generally distributed about equally among six other acids. Except for the diacylglycerol fraction, linoleic acid was usually the most enriched acid in a specific oil droplet fraction when compared with any other polyunsaturated fatty acids. A similar pattern of polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment observed in the fatty acids of the outer segment phospholipids relative to the corresponding total phospholipid fractions of this cone rich retina (Johnston, D. and Hudson, R.A. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 369, 269) suggest possible metabolic relationships between the oil droplet neutral lipids and the outer segment membrane phospholipids of the cone photoreceptors. A mechanism for the accumulation of the carotenoids in the oil droplets is also discussed. PMID- 1252490 TI - Effects of local anaesthetics on the lipase of Rhizopus arrhizus. AB - 1. A number of local anaesthetics were shown to inhibit the hydrolytic activity of a partially purified lipase from the mold Rhizopus arrhizur towards both triacylglycerol and phospholipid substrates. 2. Irrespective of whether triacylglycerol or phospholipid substrates were used, the inhibition was uncompetitive with respect to the substrate, independent of Ca2+ concentration, but pH dependent. 3. The inhibitory activity of the local anaesthetics studied closely paralleled the anaesthetic potency of the compounds. PMID- 1252491 TI - Regulation of lipoprotein lipase. Induction by insulin. AB - Lipoprotein lipase activity in intact epididymal adipose tissue of fasted rats increased rapidly after treatment with insulin in vivo. In contrast, lipoprotein lipase activity in adipocytes isolated from the contralateral fat pads remained essentially unchanged. When adipocytes were incubated for 30 min at ambient temperature in vitro, about 2 times more lipoprotein lipase activity was found in the medium of cells from insulin-treated rats than in medium from cells of control animals. Following insulin treatment, extracts of tissue acetone powders separated by gel chromatography showed increases in both enzyme activity fractions obtained (designated lipoprotein lipase a and b). However, no consistent differences were observed between fractions derived from adipocyte acetone powders of insulin-treated and control animals. All the observed effects of insulin on lipoprotein lipase activity were abolished by cycloheximide treatment in vivo. These data indicate that following insulin treatment, increased lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue results from enhanced enzyme secretion by the fat cell and subsequent accumulation in the tissue, thus implicating the adipocyte secretory mechanism as a major site of regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue. PMID- 1252492 TI - Isolation and structural studies of a sulfated sialosphingolipid from the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum. AB - Three sialosphingolipids have been isolated from a lipid extract of gonads of the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum by partition dialysis and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The structure of the sialosphingolipid containing sulfate group has been established. On the basis of the results of total and partial acid hydrolysis, methanolysis, methylation, periodate oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis with neuraminidase the sulfated sialosphingolipid was identified as 8 sulfate-sialyl-alpha-(2 leads to 6)glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 1)ceramide. The long-chain bases were mainly phytosphingosine and its C16 homologue. The fatty acids of the sialosphingolipid were the mixture of normal and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids, their compositions were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 1252493 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of human kidney gangliosides. AB - 1. Eight gangliosides were purified from chloroform/methanol extracts of human kidneys by using modified Folch partition, dialysis, ethanol precipitation, silicic acid column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. 2. By thin-layer chromatographic behaviour and gas-liquid chromatographic determinations the main gangliosides in human kidney are N acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide (74% of total) and di-N acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide (19% of total). 3. Five hexosamine-containing fractions were isolated. Four of them were homogeneous on thin-layer chromatography, and one contained two gangliosides. By gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry it was shown that two gangliosides (together 5% of total) contain glucosamine, and one (1% of total) contains galactosamine. The other of the glucosamine gangliosides contains fucose in addition to the usual sugars found in gangliosides. Of the two remaining hexosamine positive fractions (together 1% of total) one was homogeneous on thin-layer chromatography, the other contained two gangliosides. These two fractions contained both glucosamine and galactosamine. 4. The main long-chain base in all fractions was sphingosine. PMID- 1252494 TI - The isomerization of 2,5- and 9,12-octadecadienoic acids by an extract of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. AB - A cell-free particulate preparation from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was used to study the relative rates of isomerization of all cis,cis-methylene-interrupted isomers of octadecadienoic acid. Only two isomers were found to be substrates, the 9,12-isomer was isomerized at 41 +/- 4 mumol/min per mg protein, and the 2,5 isomer at 11 +/- 1 mumol/min per mg. The product of the isomerization of the 2,5 isomer had an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 233 nm indicating that it was the 3,5-isomer. The isomerization of the 2,5-isomer was studied in detail. Its rate of isomerization was linear with protein concentration up to 0.047 mg/ml, and was linear with substrate concentration up to 48 muM. The pH optimum was 6.8. Below pH 6, the substrate was also subject to spontaneous isomerization. The inhibition of isomerization of the 9,12-isomer by the other isomers was studied. Those isomers in which the double bonds are close to the carboxyl group were the most effective inhibitors. The preparation was also found capable of hydrogenating the conjugated diene product from the 2,5-isomer to a monoene after prolonged incubation. PMID- 1252495 TI - Metabolism of [14C]arachidonic acid by human platelets. AB - A time dependent incorporation of [1-14C] arachidonic acid into platelet phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine was observed in platelet-rich plasma. When platelets, so labelled, were washed and treated with thrombin, there was a major decrease in the radioactivity of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. This decrease was accounted for by the appearance of several previously identified (Hamberg and Samuelsson (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 71, 3400) 14C-labelled oxygenated products of arachidonic acid. PMID- 1252496 TI - Transformation of prostaglandin G2 into 6(9)-oxy-11,15-dihydroxy-prosta-7,13 dienoic acid by the rat stomach fundus. PMID- 1252497 TI - A chemical and physical method for determining the complete base composition of plant DNA. AB - Two physical methods are routinely used to determine the base composition of DNA. One measures the temperature corresponding to the midpoint of the absorbance rise (TM) and relates it to base composition with the equation, TM = 41 (dG + dC) + 69, the other measures buoyant density (rho) and relates it to base composition rho = 0.098(dG + dC) + 1.6535. The base composition of DNA from various sources was first determined by a chemical method and these values compared to those determined by the physical methods. Higher plants contained up to 7 mol% 5 methyldeoxycytidine in their DNA and in all cases tested deoxyguanosine = deoxycytidine + 5-methyldeoxycytidine. After determining that TM was unaffected by the amount of 5-methyldeoxycytidine in DNA, the mol% of dA, dT, dG, and the total of dC plus 5-methyldeoxycytidine for any DNA could be calculated. Buoyant density on the other hand, was lowered 0.004 g . cm-3 for every 6.3 mol% 5 methyldeoxycytidine. Therefore, both physical parameters were related to the mole fraction of 5-methyldeoxycytidine by the following equation: (see article). With a value of r 5-methyldeoxycytidine an estimation of deoxycytidine was made. The resultant values agreed with the chromatographic determinations. PMID- 1252498 TI - Intraction of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with ribosomes and ribosomal subunits. AB - Salt-washed ribosomes from rabbit reticulocytes stimulate seven partially purified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases up to threefold: arginyl-, alanyl-, isoleucyl , lysyl-, methionyl-, phenylalanyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetase. Both isolated subunits but not total ribosomal RNA show the stimulation. The increase in synthetase activity is also found in a highly purified Escherichia coli system employing homogenous (E. coli)phenyl-alanyl-tRNA synthetase and (E. coli)- tRNAPhe. The biological significance of the stimulation is discussed. PMID- 1252499 TI - Some properties of the small homodisperse RNAs in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells. AB - Two homodisperse, methylated, small molecular weight RNAs, that have been previously described in HeLa cells and that are apparently coded by the nuclear genome, appear in the cytoplasm shortly after transcription and are detected in the cytoplasm with a half-life of a few minutes. Under the denaturing conditions of urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the migration of these RNAs indicated nucleotide lengths around 190 (A) and 160 (B). Neither A nor B RNAs differed in their electrophoretic mobility when comparing samples from 10 to 120 min incubation with [3H]uridine. When the detergent-treated postmitochondrial fraction from cells incubated for 60 min with [3H]-uridine was centrifuged through a 0.3 M NaC1/0.5 M sucrose cushion, the resulting pellet showed a marked increase in the ratio of counts A/4 S RNA, and particularly B/4 S RNA, suggesting that these RNAs might not exist free in the cytoplasm. At low concentrations of camptothecin (1-2.5 mug/ml), the accumulation of A and B RNA was greatly suppressed, while the synthesis of 4 S and 5 S RNA was less affected. Their accumulation (particularly that of B RNA) was enhanced when cells were exposed to inhibitors of various steps of protein synthesis (puromycin, cycloheximide, pactamycin, emetine). Pulse-chase experiments with actinomycin D during suppression of protein synthesis indicated that, at least in the case of B RNA, this increased accumulation was due, at least partly, to a marked prolongation of its half-life. PMID- 1252500 TI - Translation of Rauscher leukemia virus RNA in heterologous cell-free systems. AB - Rauscher leukemia virus RNA (RLV RNA) is translated in mammalian cell-free systems into distinct polypeptides which are immunoprecipitable by an antiserum directed against RLV proteins. These polypeptides partially comigrate electrophoretically with native viral proteins synthesized in vivo in JLS-V9 cells. Besides 72000-, 65000- and 50000-dalton polypeptides a 15000-dalton polypeptide is also synthesized in vitro. Analysis of incubations of RLV RNA in different cell-free systems reveals that no virus-specific factors are required in the translation of RLV RNA in vitro. PMID- 1252501 TI - Liver protein synthesis. Molecular weight distribution of pulse-labeled polypeptide chains in normal and thyroidectomized rats. AB - Equations are presented for determination of elongation rate in vivo for a heterogenous population of polypeptide chain molecular weights. The distribution of pulse-labeled polypeptide chains in rat liver deoxycholate-soluble protein has been obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and used to compute a theoretical curve for determination of synthesis time of a 50000 mol. wt. polypeptide chain (tc50). Values of tc50 for normal and thyro parathyroidectomized Long-Evans male rats were 1.2 and 1.75 min, respectively, representing protein synthetic rates of about 7.5 and 5.1 mg protein/g liver/h. No difference in the molecular weight profile of liver polypeptide chains on the basis of labeling or Amido-black staining was observed between the two groups. The distributions of radioactivity before and after secretion of labeled plasma protein are compared. The role of protein-synthetic rate in the changing enzyme levels associated with thyroid hormone is discussed. PMID- 1252502 TI - Protein synthesis initiation factors from chicken erythroblasts. AB - Two factors (IF-I and IF-II) necessary for the initiation of protein synthesis have been partially purified from a 0.5 M KC1 wash of chicken erythroblast polysomes. IF-I mediates the binding of the initiator tRNA and GTP to a 40 S ribosomal subunit, resulting in the formation of a 44 S initiation intermediate. In the presence of IF-II and a suitable RNA template, the 44 S initiation intermediate combines with a 60 S ribosomal subunit to form a functional 80 S initiation complex. The methionyl moiety of the initiator tRNA in the 80 S initiation complex is able to react with puromycin to form methionylpuromycin. PMID- 1252503 TI - Metal-polynucleotide interactions. A comparison of carcinogenic and non carcinogenic metals in vitro. AB - The effects of divalent cations on mixing curves of synthetic polyribonucleotides in solution are described. Manganese and cadmium chlorides at 10(-3) M induce changes suggestive of base mispairing. MnCl2 induces mispairing in complexes formed between both poly(I) and poly(C,U) and poly(I) and poly(C,A) while CdCl2 affects base pairing between poly(I) and poly(C,U) only. By contrast, the chlorides of magnesium and zinc show no mispairing effects with either polymer pair. Manganese and cadmium are both reported carcinogens in animals while magnesium and zinc are not. The possibility that direct metal-nucleic acid interaction may be involved in metal carcinogenesis is discussed. PMID- 1252504 TI - Measurement and interpretation of fluorescence polarisations in phospholipid dispersions. AB - An instrument that measures the temperature dependence of fluorescence polarisation and intensity directly and continuously is described. The behaviour of four fluorescent probes bound to a number of well characterised model systems was then examined. The motional properties of the probes were determined from the polarisation and intensity data and were found to be sensitive to the crystalline liquid crystalline phase transitions in phospholipid vesicles of dimyristoly and dipalmitoly phosphatidylcholine. Binary mixture of dilauroyl and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine show lateral phase separation and in this system the probes parition preferentially into the more 'fluid' phase. In systems that have been reported to contain 'short range order' or 'liquid clustering', such as dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and liquid paraffin, the motion of the probes was found to have anomalous Arrhenius behaviour consistent with the idea that homogeneous phases were not being sampled. The significance of these findings for the interpretation of the behaviour of fluorescent probes bound to natural membranes is discussed. PMID- 1252505 TI - Photobleaching. A novel fluorescence method for diffusion studies in lipid system. AB - (1) The fluorescent molecular 12(9-anthroyloxy)-stearic acid dimerises on irradiation with light of 366 nm wavelength. (2) The dimer is nonfluorescent and can be reconverted to the parent compound by irradiation at 254 nm. (3) Kinetic analysis suggests that the dimerisation proceeds by a diffusion-limited second order mechanism in many solvents. (4) Anomalously high rates seen in other systems can be attributed to localised high concentration regions (clusters) of the fluorescent molecule. (5) The analysis has been extended to oriented lipid bilayers and the results suggest that below the gel-liquid crystalline transition temperature the 12(9-anthroyloxy)-stearic acid is excluded by the lipid matrix and forms regions of localised high concentration. (6) In fluid lipid the results suggest an isotropic distribution of the probe. Calculated diffusion coefficients correspond to those found by other techniques. PMID- 1252506 TI - Isolation of a synaptic membrane fraction enriched in cholinergic receptors by controlled phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of synaptic membranes. AB - A procedure is described for the isolation of synaptic membrane fragments that retain such functionally important proteins as acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholinesterase, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and (Na+ + K+) ATPase. The method is based on the observation, made in brain slices, that junctional membranes are more resistant to phospholipase A2 attack than mitochondrial or plasma membranes. Hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 was controlled by addition of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. The membrane fraction obtained represents approximately a 15-fold enrichment of the postsynaptic marker proteins muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase over an ordinary synaptic plasma membrane preparation, and is devoid of mitochondrial and microsomal contaminations. The membranes appear on the electron micrographs as rigid fragments (average length 2500-4000A), which do not form vesicles. PMID- 1252507 TI - Heterogeneity in the fluidity of intact erythrocyte membrane and its homogenization upon hemolysis. AB - Intact erythrocytes were spin-labeled with various classes of phospholipid label. The ESR spectrum for phosphatidylcholine spin label was distinctly different from those for phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid spin labels. The overall splitting for the former (52.5 G) was markedly larger than those for the others (approx. 47 G), suggesting a more rigid phosphatidylcholine bilayer phase and more fluid phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine phases in the erythrocyte membrane. Evidence for asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the membrane was obtained. Spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine incorporated into erythrocytes was reduced immediately by cystein and Fe3+, while the reduction of spin-labeled phosphatidylserine was very slow. The present results therefore suggest asymmetric fluidity in erythrocyte membrane; a more rigid outer layer and a more fluid inner layer. The heterogeneity in the lipid structure was also manifested in the temperature dependence of the fluidity. The overall splitting for phosphatidylcholine spin label showed two inflection points at 18 and 33 degrees C, while that for phosphatidylserine spin label had only one transition at 30 degrees C. When the spin-labeled erythrocytes were hemolyzed, the marked difference in the ESR spectra disappeared, indicating homogenization of the heterogenous fluidity. Mg2+ or Mg2+ + ATP prevented the hemolysis-induced spectral changed. Ca2+ did not prevent the homogenization and acted antagonistically to Mg2+. The heterogeneity preservation by Mg2+ was nullified by trypsin, pronase or N-ethylmaleimide added inside the cell. Some inner proteins may therefore be involved in maintaining the heterogeneous structure. The protecting action of Mg2+ was dependent on hemolysis temperature, starting to decrease at 18 degrees C and vanishing at 40 degrees C. The present study suggests that the heterogeneity in the fluidity of intact erythrocyte membranes arises from interactions between lipids and proteins in the membrane and also from interactions between the membrane constituents and the inner proteins. Concentration of cholesterol in the outer layer may also partly contribute to the heterogeneity. PMID- 1252508 TI - Characterization of the mycoplasma membrane proteins. VI. Composition and disposition of proteins in membranes from aging Mycoplasma hominis cultures. AB - Membranes of Mycoplasma hominis cells from cultures progressing from the mid to the end of the logarithmic phase of growth became richer in protein, poorer in phospholipids and cholesterol, heavier in density, and more viscous as determined by EPR. The membrane-bound ATPase activity declined steeply. Electrophoretic analysis failed to show marked changes in membrane protein composition on aging, apart from an increase in the staining intensity of one protein band (Mr approximately 130 000) concomitant with a decrease in the staining intensity of several minor protein bands of high molecular weight. To test for possible changes in the disposition of the various membrane proteins on aging of cultures, a comparison was made of the susceptibility of membrane proteins of intact cells and isolated membranes to trypsinization and lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination. The iodination values and the percent of membrane protein released by trypsinization of intact cells were similar in cells from cultures of different ages, indicating no significant changes in the organization of the proteins on the outer surface. On the other hand, trypsinization and iodination of isolated membranes were found to be most markedly affected by the culture age, indicating significant changes in the organization of the proteins on the inner membrane surface. Thus, the iodination values of isolated membranes decreased by almost two fold, while the percentage of protein released from the membrane by trypsin increased from 28% to 50% during the experimental period. It is suggested that aging in M. hominis cultures is accompanied by a continuous increase in the packing density of the protein molecules on the inner surface of the cell membrane. PMID- 1252509 TI - Evidence for an inducible glucose transport system in Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - To find the cause of delayed glucose oxidation in succinate-grown Kluyveromyces lactis, glucose transport was studied in glucose- and in succinate-grown cells. The initial rate of 2-deoxyglucose (2-dGlc) accumulation, as well as the appearance of 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate, was higher in the glucose-grown cells. In both cell types, 2-dGlc was apparently transported in the free form to be phosphorylated intracellularly. In glucose-grown cells the level of free 2-dGlc in the pool was always less than the external concentration. Exchange transport in starved, poisoned cells loaded with unlabeled 2-dGlc was 140-fold greater in glucose- than in succinate-grown cells, probably beacuse of the presence of an inducible transport component. The development of the increased rate of transport in a succinate-grown uracil-requiring auxotroph after transfer to glucose depends on the presence of uracil. PMID- 1252510 TI - Effect of sodium deoxycholate on 5'-nucleotidase. AB - The 5'-nucleotidase localized in rat liver plasma membranes was purified to a single protein, which contained phospholipid. The molecular weight and the sedimentation constant were about 150 000 and 7 S in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, while the enzyme protein was aggregated when the preparation was dialyzed thoroughly. The purified 5'-nucleotidase exhibited the same properties as the 5'-nucleotidase in plasma membranes. The 5'-nucleotidase activity was increased by the addition of various bile salts or by the solubilization of membranes with trypsin, papain or phospholipase C. The solubilized and aggregated forms of the enzyme showed different substrate specificity for nucleotides, pH optimum, heat stability and Km. The purified enzyme catalyzed an exchange reaction between AMP and adenosine, which was diminished by the addition of sodium deoxycholate. PMID- 1252511 TI - Jejunal and ileal D-glucose transport in isolated brush border membranes. AB - D-Glucose transport was investigated in isolated brush border membranes from small intestine. The transport properties of membranes from upper jejunum were compared with those from terminal ileum. The jejunal membranes accumulate D glucose to a greater extent than the ileal membranes when supplied with energy in the form of a NaSCN gradient. This difference in behavior is similar to that of the more intact epithelial preparations and suggests that the isolated membranes actually reflect the state present in intact cells. Ileal membranes transported D glucose about two to three times slower than the jejunal ones, which can partially explain the lower sugar accumulation. PMID- 1252512 TI - [Role of quasiclassical subsystems in an elementary act of enzymatic catalysis]. AB - The acceleration mechanism of the enzymatic reaction as a result of deformation of state spectrum functionally active region under the effect of the field of quasiclassical subsystem is discussed in terms of the approach developed. PMID- 1252513 TI - [Specific resistance and electrophoretic mobility of regenerating liver cells. Effect of ribonuclease and neuraminidase]. AB - Changes of specific resistance and electrophoretic mobility of the cells from regenerative liver of rats are investigated. It is shown that specific resistance decreases and electrophoretic mobility increases during 30 h after hepathectomy. Exogenous ribonuclease decreases electrophoretic mobility by 10% and does not reduce significantly specific resistance. Neuraminidase treatment caused a marked increase (approximately 40%) of specific resistance without reduction in the mobility of cells from both intact and regenerative liver. It is concluded that there is no difference in the sensitivity of the cell surface of normal and regenerative liver to ribonuclease and neuraminidase. PMID- 1252514 TI - [Chromatic fluorescence transitions in bean chloroplasts]. AB - Chromatic fluorescence transients of isolated bean chloroplasts were investigated. In the presence of methylviologen we observed a decrease in the chloroplasts fluorescence under the influence of light which mainly excited the photosystem I. The effects of preliminary illumination with the white light and Mg2+ ions concentration on the fluorescence of chloroplasts were also studied. PMID- 1252515 TI - [EEG potential theory in a model with thin brain integuments. I. Multilayer spherical cable model]. AB - The problem of finding EEG potentials is solved assuming that integuments of the brain are regarded as infinitely thin spheres. The potential is not changed along the radius in the layers with high conductivity, and the current in the resistive layers is only radial. It is shown that the EEG potentials could be described exactly enough supposing the lower bone plate to be an ideal isolator. The potentials of EEG are obtainable from ECoG by means of a comparatively simple algebraic procedure. PMID- 1252516 TI - [Principles of neuronal organization. II. Information capacity of Purkinje cells and climbing-nuclear cerebellar unit]. AB - On the ground of the author's information-theoretic approach to the neuronal memory informational capacity of P-cell is evaluated. The values of one and 1n2 bit/synaps are obtained in different cases. The latter case corresponds to most probably situations. In this case P-cells exhibit a great degree of false memory - only 10% of the information presented to the cell is preserved. There is considered also a functional group of few P-cells governed by common climbing and mossy fibres and different granula cells. In this functional unit all the information presented is preserved with the efficiency of 1n2 bit/synaps. The scheme is of the class proposed by Cowan and Winograd. It is thought that the real cerebellum operates according to the proposed ideas. PMID- 1252517 TI - [Basilar membrane nonlinearity]. AB - The nonlinear correction of the cochlear partitions movement equation becomes the main part in the resonant section. In the neighbourhood of this section the periodic solution, having the drawing force frequency omega, gets the region of the non-stability in the interval (see abstract), where a is the vibration amplitude and h is the basilar membrane thickness. The amplitude jump in the unstable region may be a stimulus exciting the hair cells and also the cause of cochlear eddies phenomenon. PMID- 1252518 TI - [Constant representation of signal spatial location in the cricket cercal system]. AB - Directional sensitivity of the abdominal giant fibers of the cricket to auditory stimulation has been investigated with special interest to the effect of the cerci position on the directional sensitivity of the giant neurons of the terminal abdominal ganglion. It has been shown that at least for some giant neurons the preferred directions of stimulation are practically independent of cerci position. (Fig. 2, 3). By other words these neurons have constant preferred directions in relation to the insect body, but not to the cerci. This property of giant neurons can be accounted for their changeable connections with many receptors having different directional selectivity. If innervation of the giant neuron is artificially restricted to one group of receptors with identical directional selectivity the described constancy of preferred directions in relation to the body disappears (Fig. 4). PMID- 1252519 TI - [Possible mechanisms of information interactions in molecular physico-biological systems]. AB - Cooperative mechanisms of information transfer in molecular physico-biological systems are suggested. Expressions for probability of cooperative emission from interacting molecules having quite definite information about the character of distribution of molecules inside the system are derived. The suggested mechanisms of information transfer on the atomic-molecular level will possibly allow to understand better and to describe adequately many interesting phenomena considered by molecular biology and molecular psychobiology in particular. Appendix: Throbbing in cooperative luminescence for triads of molecules combined with each other by weak interaction. PMID- 1252520 TI - [Work of the human visual system. III. Color perception space]. AB - In the previous parts of this work the author presented thet expression for percieved colour: Ei=k1n(ai/ao) where k -- is the coefficient of proportionality which have dimension of sensation and ai, ao -- are the light actions in some retinal point and in the extreme periphery correspondingly. Here the author describes some consequences from this expression and gives a new conception about the space of colour sensations. PMID- 1252521 TI - [Receptive field types in the lateral geniculate body and their frequency characteristics]. AB - Time amplitude -- frequency characteristics of the I and II types of receptive fields (RF) of lateral geniculate and their dependence on the contrast and spatial parameters of the light stimulus were studied. It is shown that the frequency characteristics of the RF I type depends on the contrast and area of the light stimulus, the higher being the contrast at a small area the smaller are the low frequencies. However at a large area of the stimulus the inhibition of low frequencies is greater at a small contrast. The transmitting band of frequency characteristics of RF II type does not depend on the contrast at a small area of the stimulus, at a large area a fall of low frequencies takes place at high contrasts of the stimulus. Such different behaviour of the receptive fields is explained by the models, which take into account RF spatial characteristics. PMID- 1252522 TI - [Trophic level equations and statistical mechanics of biocoeneses]. AB - Equations for the biomasses of trophical levels are presented. Analytic solutions for biomasses of trophical levels and several species of biomasses are obtained near the stationary state. The distribution function for species of biomasses is built. PMID- 1252524 TI - [Effects of the action of constant magnetic fields on macromolecules]. PMID- 1252523 TI - [Generalization of the Lotka-Volterra equation]. AB - A complete qualitative study of Lotka--Volterra model with cooperative interactions in the system predator-prey is carried out. The model is as follows: (see abstract). The character of all possible stationary states is investigated in the first quadrant of the phase plane of the model variables depending on the system parameters. It is shown that for the generalized model considered unstable and stable limit cycles only of the infinite amplitude are possible in the first quadrant. PMID- 1252525 TI - [Relation of the duration of chlorophyll a fluorescence in chloroplasts to the concentration of ferricyanide and vitamin K3]. PMID- 1252526 TI - [Determination of extracellular ATP in native platelet rich plasma]. PMID- 1252527 TI - [Control of postural muscle length and strength: preeminence of central coactivation of alpha- and static gamma-motoneurons]. PMID- 1252528 TI - [Phase transition in natural collagen]. AB - The state of water protons and peptide chains in natural collagen was investigated by the method of nuclear magnetic resonance. The study of orientation and temperature dependence of collagen PMR spectra allows us to mage a conclusion about the considerable disorder of mutual orientation in the polypeptide chains at the temperature above -4 degrees C. Under these conditions it was observed that natural collagen was near to the liquid-crystal. The phasic transition at -4 degrees C was discovered, the latter was followed by an abrupt change of the character of water proton mobility and by the change of orientation of collagen fibres order. The thermal effect of transition was measured, the latter presents 18k/gr of the whole specimen. PMID- 1252529 TI - Excited complexes in oxidation-reduction photoreactions of pigments. I. Spectral detection of triplet state exciplex in the chlorophyll oxidation reaction. AB - Photooxidation of chlorophyll "a" with p-benzoquinone in toluene and dioxane is studied by the method of flash photolysis. It is shown that in nonpolar medium the triplet exiplex is the product of this reaction. The experiments on competitive quenching of chlorophyll triplet state with naphthacene prove the diffusion mechanism of exiplex formation. The spectrum of triplet-triplet absorption of the exiplex is presented and the rate constant of intercombination degradation equalling 1.103 sec(-1) is measured. Possible structure of the exiplex is discussed. PMID- 1252530 TI - [Effect of the spectral composition of light on the mechanism of reaction of chlorophyll oxidation]. AB - Photochemical oxidation of chlorophyll "a" on excitation of the pigment in different spectrum region (400-800 nm) was studied by flash photolysis. The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll cation-radical Chl+ was obtained and the values of extinction coefficient found. An attempt was made of photochemical generation of dication form of chlorophyll. Thermodynamical calculation supporting the possibility of the following reaction is presented: (Chl+)*+Ae -- Chl2""Ae. The absence of Chl2+ is explained by a short life time of the excited cation-radical of chlorophyll (Chl+)*. The effect of the wave length of excited light on the kinetics of the decay of chlorophyll cation-radical is studied. It is shown that on excitation of chlorophyll "a" with white light the life time of Chl+ decreases and its death is described by an equation of first order, which is explained by the formation of ion-radical of the electron acceptor resulting from the direct excitation of Ae. PMID- 1252531 TI - [Ferredoxin reduction by polarographic methods]. AB - The reduction of iron-sulphur protein of the higher plant ferrodoxin has been studied by polarographical methods. Ferredoxin initiates a reversible wave with E1/2=--0,61 v (N. C. E.) at pH 7. Protein absorption greatly influences the electrochemical reduction. The protons have been shown to take part in the electrode reaction. The potentiometrically obtained data about the difference between E1/2 and E0=--0.70 v and its causative factors are discussed. As a result of the experiments with modification of ferredoxin active centre it has been concluded that the active centre participates in the polarographical reduction. PMID- 1252532 TI - [Polarographic study of quinones formed during oxidation of caffeic and chlorogenic acids]. AB - Polarographic behaviour of a number of substituted ortho-benzenquinones was studied in weakly acidic, neutral and weakly caustic solutions (up to pH --9.0). Half-wave potential depends on the solution pH, indicating protonization of the carbonyl groups of the quinones. Protonization is probably stipulated by the hydroxonium ions. Protonization may take place not only under the action of water, but also under the effect of other acidic components, as indicated by the dependence of E1/2 on the undissociated acetic acid centrifugation. The condensation and polymerization reactions are characteristic for the ortho quinones. A shift of the quinone potential indicates dimerization of the electrode products. PMID- 1252533 TI - [NMR spin-echo study of the effect of hydration on the mobility and conformation of linear polyethyleneimine]. AB - It has been shown that mobility of protons in different groups of linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) is sensitive to the formation of H-bonds between amino groups of a polymer. Upon hydration of LPEI most of direct bonds between amino groups are substituted by the bonds via water molecules. This results in a conformational change of the polymer. Similar process may also occur in biopolymers. PMID- 1252534 TI - [Electrochemical model of enzyme oxidation-reduction reactions with a limiting stage of electron transfer]. AB - Enzymatic redox reaction is modelled by a set of microgalvanic elements shorted out. It allows to use as the rate constant of enzymatic reaction the rate constant deduced for the electrode reaction with a limiting stage of electron transfer. The basic problem is to determine the nonequilibrium potential by the phase border enzyme/solution. A phenomenological model for determining the nonequilibrium adsorption dependent potential is suggested. The rate constant is deduced which depends on the adsorption of one of the substrates (activation or inhibition). This dependence is the same for the whole set of adsorption isoterms. A class of well known relationships of the initial rate of enzymatic reaction and the substrate concentration is obtained for a simple case of physical adsorption. PMID- 1252535 TI - [Mechanism of photochemical oxidation of bacterioviridin]. AB - The mechanism of bacterioviridin photochemical oxidation has been studied by the methods of ESR, flash-photolysis and low-temperature spectrophotometry. ESR spectrum of pigment cation-radical, a singlet line with H=11 G, g = 2.0027, has been recorded. The bands with maxima at 370, 470, 525, 590, 840 nm correspond to bacterioviridin cation -- radical in the absorption spectra. When -- benzoquinone is used as an electron acceptor with excitation light 640 nm the product of bacterioviridin irreversible oxidation is formed with the absorption band maximum 760 nm and absorption between 350 and 370 nm. It is suggested that this product is of double-oxidized non-radical nature and the mechanism of its formation through oxidation of the pigment cation-radical is discussed. The regeneration reaction of double-oxidized bacterioviridin up to cation-radical form in the presence of triphenylamine as a reducing agent has been carried out. The rate constants of cation-radical decay in the dark and desactivation of triplet state have the following values: K1=(1,64+/-0,15)-10(3) sec-1, K2=(13+/-2,0)-10(3) sec 1 correspondingly. The activation energy of the radical decay in the dark is Eact =(13,2-0,5) kcal/mole. PMID- 1252536 TI - [Use of rare-earth elements as labels for studying biologically active compounds. IV. Luminescence spectra and structure of compounds of europium with nucleotides]. AB - Spectra of europium coordinating nucleotides are investigated. Europium is shown to coordinate phosphate, but the way of coordination may change. Conditions of nitrogen bases coordination are determined. The evidence or the existence of coordinated immobilized water is found. PMID- 1252537 TI - [Modeling of ion transport. Analysis of possible mechanisms of intracellular osmoregulation]. AB - It seems likely that the operation of the vacuolar mechanism of active transport of water (VMATW) is based on the following. An exceeding osmotic pressure is created within an originally small vacuole (e. g. due to rapid enzymatis hydrolysis of macromolecules inside the vacuole) and consequently water enters the vacuole, as well as molecules and ions according to the gradients of their chemical potentials. After a while the contents of the swelling vacuole is thrown out to the external medium. An analysis of the efficiency of VMATW system in the stationary case shows that the efficiency of VMATW can be rather high to create the ionic heterogeneity. PMID- 1252538 TI - [Fluorescence analysis study of the lability of biomembranes and their components. III. Kinetics of complex formation between bovine serum albumin molecules and higher saturated fatty acids]. AB - Kinetic peculiarities of the sorption of natural limited fatty acids on the molecules of bovine serum albumine (BSA) were studied by investigating fluorescent parameters of ionic (1-anilinonaphtalin-8-sulphonate-ANS) and neutral (N-phenyl-1-naphtylamine-PNA) probes. The following regularities were found: 1. The parameters which characterize the microsurroundings of both probes (quantum yield of fluorescence, the binding constant) did not change significantly during the sorption of the fattyn acids (laurinic, palmitinic and methyl ether of the stearinic acid). An exponential character of BSA fluorescent titration with fatty acids points to a competitive character of the relationship dye -- fatty acid for the binding sites in hydrophobic sacks of BSA. 2. The study of the character of the effect of solution ionic strength on the sorption of fatty acids showed that along with hydrophobic interactions the electrostatic interaction between carboxyl residues of fatty acids and charged protein groups also significantly contributed to this process. 3. Temperature relationship of AMS and PNA fluorescence intensity in the complex BSA -- laurinic acid correlates well with temperature relationship obtained from a pure protein system. PMID- 1252539 TI - [Physical model of an electroexcitable membrane. I. Volt-ampere characteristics]. AB - In a series of papers an attempt is made to develop the elementary physical model of excitable membrane structures. The present communication deals with the nature of N- and S-type voltage-current relations of the resting membrane. Simple analytical forms obtained for these relationships are in good accord with the experimental data. PMID- 1252540 TI - [Electrogenesis in a model of "boundary transport" in the sodium pump]. AB - An equation of the membrane potential (MP) was developed for a model of sodium pump when it was assumed that a macromolecule-carrier operated on the interior boundary of the membrane exchaning Na+i for K+ of membrane. These ions then moved downhill the electrochemical gradient inside the membrane. There are factors in the equation which indicate energetical consumtions for the ionic exchange. In was shown that an exchange of 3Na+ for 2K+ required 9,0 kkal/mole. The equation satisfactorily describes experimental values of MP during the electrogenic active transport. After all it was shown that an alteration of MP for 100 mV did not affect the operation of sodium pump i.e. the influence of outer electrical field was not detected. PMID- 1252541 TI - [Overrelaxation of muscle models in media with high concentrations of calcium ions and exposed to MgATP in "contraction-inducing" concentrations]. AB - Cross-striation pattern and sarcomere length in isolated myofibrils (both glycerinated and fresh) as well as isometric tension of glycerinated fibers of rabbit m. psoas are unaffected by an evaluation in ionic strength of CaCl2 up to 0.2 in the absence of ATP. An addition of MgATP (1 to 3mM) to the Ca2+ media induces the changes which have been shown to be characteristic of overrelaxation [1, 2]: A band shortening occurs followed by a complete plastification of the fibres. A tentative mechanism of the process is discussed in terms of spontaneous rearrangement of calcium myosinate packing in thick filaments that follows disrupting of rigor crossbridges with thin filaments under the action of ATP. Released calcium myosinate heads fail to form "active" bridges with actin; thick filaments undergo a conformational change resulted in their shattening due to increase in the equilibrium region of LMM tail overlap. The effects do not depend on ionic strength only: on replacing CaCl2 by KCl at equal ionic strength 0.2, an addition of ATP induces normal contraction instead of overrelaxation. A possibility is discussed that in a living muscle overrelaxation could provide a siding to prevent damage in case of emergency. PMID- 1252542 TI - [Graph of sodium channel states]. AB - Four models of sodium channel are considered, only one of its state being conducting. Transitions between any two communicated states are suggested to be governed by the first order kinetics. It is shown that the model describes current responses to single step potentials as well as inactivation -- activation coupling, if its graph has a function between the conducting and inactivation states and the state filled at the hyperpolarization. PMID- 1252543 TI - Relationship between ammonia excretion rates and hemolymph nitrogenous compounds of a euryhaline bivalve during low salinity acclimation. PMID- 1252544 TI - Can x-rays be used to increase litter size in the mouse? PMID- 1252545 TI - Lead uptake in two marine phytoplankton organisms. PMID- 1252546 TI - Nitrogen metabolism and trophic input in relation to growth in freshwater and saltwater Salmo gairdneri. PMID- 1252547 TI - Circulatory adaptations to the oxygen minimum layer in the bathypelagic mysid Gnathophausia ingens. PMID- 1252548 TI - Effects of environmental factors on regeneration and molting in fiddler crabs. PMID- 1252549 TI - A histological study of cement secretion during the intermolt cycle in barnacles. PMID- 1252550 TI - Lipid components and in vitro mineralization of some invertebrate cartilages. PMID- 1252551 TI - Methods of analysis of neural nets. PMID- 1252552 TI - Harmonic analysis of two-tone discharge patterns in cochlear nerve fibers. PMID- 1252553 TI - Analysis of neuronal networks in the visual system of the cat using statistical signals. Part I. PMID- 1252554 TI - [The non-histone nature of chromatin proteins possessing deoxyribonuclease activity]. PMID- 1252555 TI - [The influence of nicotinic acid and proserine on the process of methylation of several biological substrates]. PMID- 1252556 TI - [Reactions of the hormonal link of the sympatho-adrenal system to single exposure to an alternating magnetic field]. PMID- 1252557 TI - [Antoxidant properties of preparation HK-5 and its components in photodynamic erythrocyte hemolysis]. PMID- 1252558 TI - The effect of ligating a uterine artery on fetal and placental development in the rat. PMID- 1252559 TI - The effect of cocaine, desipramine, 6-hydroxydopamine and indomethacin on the sensitivity of the estrogen-dominated ampulla of rabbit oviduct to (-) norepinephrine. PMID- 1252560 TI - Freezing morula stage rabbit embryos. PMID- 1252561 TI - Micropuncture studies of the blood-seminiferous tubule barrier. PMID- 1252562 TI - Infertility and embryonic mortality in female rabbits immunized with different sperm preparations. PMID- 1252563 TI - Further observation on implantation in prepuberal rats treated with gonadotrophins. PMID- 1252564 TI - Progesterone biosynthesis and metabolism by ovarian follicles and isolated oocytes Xenopus laevis. PMID- 1252565 TI - Ultrastructure of epididymal spermatozoa of the Asiatic Musk Shrew, Suncus murinus. PMID- 1252566 TI - Action of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 5alpha androstane 3alpha, 17beta diol on the spermatogenesis of immature rats. PMID- 1252567 TI - A review of the methods of processing EMG for use as a proportional control signal. AB - The use of EMG as a proportional control signal for prostheses is reviewed. The lack of success of existing proportional EMG-controlled prostheses is shown to be attributable in the greater part to the presence of low frequency "noise" in the processed EMG signal. If EMG is to yield useful proportional information, this noise must be eliminated, and to this end the methods of processing EMG are reviewed and the sources of noise examined. A number of methods for its removal are discussed. PMID- 1252568 TI - An ECG telemetry system for physiological studies on swimmers. AB - A low frequency telemetry system is described which has been designed to allow high quality ECG measurements to be made on active swimmers. The transmitting antenna is a small loop worn by the swimmer whilst the receiver is fed from a single wire loop around the swimming pool. Both ECG electrodes and the transmitter case are made in a waterproof form which allows the swimmer complete freedom of action to dive and swim normally. The transmitter can be constructed from normal miniature components although the present version has been assembled using thick film techniques which combine high reliability with a reduction in overall volume. PMID- 1252569 TI - The influence of surface rugosity on haemolysis occurring in tubing. AB - Haemolysis was measured in three tubes of the same chemical composition but differing surface texture. It was found that during the first hour of pumping the increase in haemolysis in both human transfusion blood and fresh cattle blood was greatest in the roughest tubes. When pumping of blood was continued for longer periods the rate of further haemolysis increase was equal in all tubes. PMID- 1252570 TI - [Flow with reabsorption in the renale tubule (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252571 TI - Establishment of normal ECG amplitude/frequency values: a potential basis for early detection of coronary heart disease in aviation personnel. PMID- 1252572 TI - Computer simulation of abnormal erythropoiesis--an example of cell removal regulating systems. PMID- 1252573 TI - [On the interfering effects of power line chokes on the measurement of biological voltages (author's transl)]. PMID- 1252574 TI - [A computer program for systematic maintenance]. PMID- 1252575 TI - Automated adsorption isotherm device. AB - A device is described for the automated determination of the water adsorption isotherms of biological materials. The vapor pressure and weight of the adsorbate are measured directly with appropriate transducers, and equilibrium is defined on the basis of constant pressure. The accuracy of the device, determined on two samples with well-known water binding properties, is +/- 5%. Automation is achieved by electronic control. PMID- 1252576 TI - Transport calculations for light scattering in blood. AB - In vivo measurement of the oxygen saturation levels in blood may be obtained from relative amounts of backscattered monochromatic light at two different wavelengths, as measured with a fiber-optic catheter oximeter. Because of the short mean free path length of light in blood, the backscattering can be well approximated by a previously-derived, one-wavelength transport theory solution for the half-space searchlight problem. This solution, unlike simple diffusion approximations has the advantage that the boundary condition describing illumination of a localized area of blood by a monodirectional light beam can be rigorously satisfied. Sample calculations using the solution are compared with experimental values of the reflectance of blood. PMID- 1252577 TI - Anodal excitation in the Hodgkin-Huxley nerve model. AB - Computations show that cathodal rheobase increases with temperature from 0 degrees C to 30 degrees C. Anodal rheobase (stimulation at the end of an indefinitely long anodal pulse) also increases with temperature, but goes to infinity at a critical temperature 17.13 degrees C, above which such excitation is impossible. For a stimulus consisting of any step change of current from I0 to I1, a threshold curve of I1 is plotted against I0. As the temperature increases, this curve rises. Its intersection with the horizontal axis, which determines the anodal rheobase, goes to infinity at the critical temperature. This phenomenon is caused by the saturation of the variables m, h, n for strongly hyperpolarized potentials, combined with the relative speeding up of the inhibitory process with increasing temperature. The threshold charge Q in an instantaneous anodal current pulse (of zero duration) goes to infinity at the same temperature, with a similar explanation in terms of threshold curves in the I1 vs. Q plane. The fact that the critical temperature for both cases is the same is generalized by the conjecture that for any anodal current waveform whatever, as its amplitude approaches infinity, the trajectory in the phase space following its cessation approaches the same limiting trajectory. This limiting trajectory changes from suprathreshold to subthreshold at the critical temperature. PMID- 1252578 TI - Mathematical description of a bursting pacemaker neuron by a modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. AB - Modifications based on experimental results reported in the literature are made to the Hodgkin-Huxley equations to describe the electrophysiological behavior of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion R15 cell. The system is then further modified to describe the effects with the application of the drug tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the cells' bathing medium. Methods of the qualitative theory of differential equations are used to determine the conditions necessary for such a system of equations to have an oscillatory solution. A model satisfying these conditions is shown to preduct many experimental observations of R15 cell behavior. Numerical solutions are obtained for differential equations satisfying the conditions of the model. These solutions are shown to have a form similar to that of the bursting which is characteristic of this cell, and to preduct many results of experiments conducted on this cell. The physiological implications of the model are discussed. PMID- 1252579 TI - Comparison of two-pulse sodium inactivation with reactivation in Myxicola giant axons. AB - Values for the time constant of reactivation of the sodium conductance following depolarization sufficient to completely inactivate GNa have been compared over a 15 mV range of membrane potential with the time constants of inactivation during a depolarization prepulse. Over this range the reactivation time constants were consistently 30-50% larger than the inactivation time constants determined simultaneously at the same potential in the same axon. The data suggests that inactivation and reactivation do not occur by identical mechanisms, and therefore implies that there are at least three kinds of experimental procedures necessary to fully characterize the sodium inactivation process in any particular system. PMID- 1252580 TI - Chemotaxis in vitro. Quantitation of human granulocyte movement using a stochastic differential equation. AB - The quantitation of human granulocyte movement using a stochastic differential equation is described. The method has the potential to distinguish both positive and negative chemotaxis. Analysis and information concerning cell movements can be obtained for any point in time and distance for the duration of the experiment. PMID- 1252581 TI - Effect of age on passive elastic stiffness of rat heart muscle. AB - A thick-wall spherical model for the rat left ventricle was used to deduce passive wall stiffness from diastolic pressure-volume data. This was done for rats in three age classes: young (1 mo), adult (17 mo) and old (17 mo). The model was based on finite deformation elasticity theory consistent with the magnitude of observed deformation. A least-squares procedure was used to determine elastic constants in postulated nonlinear stress-stretch relations for the myocardium. It was found that at a given level of stress, wall stiffness for ventricles in the young age class was consistently greater than wall stiffness in the other two classes. In addition, the difference in wall stiffness between rats in the adult and old age classes was found to be approximately 10%. PMID- 1252582 TI - An assessment of a coupled three-state kinetic model for sodium conductance changes. AB - The behavior of a coupled three-state kinetic scheme is examined to see if it might be a viable model for the conductance changes of sodium channels. It is found that for simulations of experiments which determine the properties of the Hodgkin-Huxley m and h gates, the three-state scheme performs approximately equivalently to the Hodgkin-Huxley model. In particular, the three-state scheme successfully simulates those experiments which the Hodgkin-Huxley model successfully simulates, but fails to simulate those newer voltage clamp experiments which give results anomalous to the H-H model. It is concluded that the three-state scheme is probably as good as the H-H model, but is not a viable successor to it. PMID- 1252583 TI - Lethal response of HeLa cells to x-irradiation in the latter part of the generation cycle. AB - The age-response for the killing of HeLa S3 cells by X-rays during the latter part of the generation cycle has been examined in detail. As synchronous cells move from the G1/S boundary through S phase, the relatively high sensitivity of late G1 cells gradually decreases; minimum sensitivity is reached in mid-S and maintained during the remainder of that phase. The response of cells as they progress from S to the point in G2 at which they are temporarily arrested by radiation (or by inhibitors of protein synthesis) was measured in populations free of both S phase cells and late G2 cells that had passed the arrest point: cells retain their high resistance from early G2 up to the arrest point. The response of G2 cells that have passed the arrest point before being irradiated was examined by exposing randomly growing cultures to X-rays and collecting cells periodically thereafter, as they entered mitosis. Survival values very close to those of sensitive mitotic cells were found in the 2 h period after irradiation during which unarrested cells continued to reach mitosis. Values typical of lateS/early G2 were found only after cells that had been arrested began arriving at mitosis. Thus, HeLa S3 cell undergo an abrupt increase in sensitivity at or near the arrest point. The sensitivity to a second irradiation of cells arrested in G2 by a conditioning X-ray dose increases rapidly in the early part of the arrest period. PMID- 1252584 TI - Electrical conductivity in lipid bilayer membranes induced by pentachlorophenol. AB - Electrical conductivity induced in thin lipid bilayer membranes by pentachlorophenol has been studied. The membranes were formed from phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, or phosphatidyl glycerol and various amounts of cholesterol. The position and the magnitude of the maximum of the conductivity vs. pH curve depend on the type of lipids and cholesterol content. At low pentachlorophenol concentrations and low pH the concentration dependence of conductivity is quadratic and becomes linear at higher pH. Above 10(-5) M of pentachlorophenol the concentration dependence of the membrane conductivity tends to saturate. Presence of pentachlorophenol enhances membrane transport of nonactin-K+ complex. Increase of cholesterol content increases pentachlorophenol induced conductivity in all membranes and shifts the conductivity toward lower pH. For phosphatidyl choline the largest rate of change of membrane conductivity with cholesterol occurs at 1:1 phospholipid to cholesterol molar ratio. Pentachlorophenol is found to be a class II uncoupler and the experimental results are consistent with the hypothesis that the membrane permeable species are dimers formed by combination of neutral and dissociated pentachlorophenol molecules. Several schemes of membrane conduction, including dimer formation in the aqueous phase as well as at the membrane-water interface have been considered. Arguments are given in favor of the formation of dimers within the membrane surface. PMID- 1252585 TI - A light-scattering characterization of membrane vesicles. AB - A technique has been developed in this paper which enables quasi-elastic laser light scattering to be used to accurately and quantitatively measure the average vesicle diffusion coefficient and the relative dispersion in the diffusion coefficient about this average for dilute polydisperse vesicle suspensions. This technique relies on a theoretical analysis of a modified form of the Z-averaged diffusion coefficient. This modified Z-averaged diffusion coefficient explicitly incorporates vesicle size, structure, and polydispersity in a description of the scattered light autocorrelation spectrum. Light-scattering experiments were performed on a dilute, lobster sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle suspension and the measured average diffusion coefficient and the diffusion coefficient relative dispersion about this average were determined with accuracies of 2 and 10%, respectively. A comparison of vesicle size inferred from light-scattering results was made with size results from electron microscopic analysis of the same sample. PMID- 1252586 TI - Potassium efflux and accumulation in heart muscle. Evidence from K +/- electrode experiments. PMID- 1252587 TI - The two beta forms of poly(L-glutamic acid). PMID- 1252588 TI - On the application of polyelectrolyte limiting laws to the helix-coil transition of DNA. IV. Depedence of helix stability on the concentration of divalent metal ions. PMID- 1252589 TI - An analysis of the association of collagen based on structural models. PMID- 1252590 TI - An X-ray study of poly(L-prolyl-L-alpha-phenylglycyl-L-proline). PMID- 1252591 TI - The structure of triple-stranded G-2C polynucleotide helices. PMID- 1252592 TI - Proton and phosphorus NMR studies of d-CpG(pCpG)n duplexes in solution. Helix coil transition and complex formation with actinomycin-D. PMID- 1252593 TI - Additivity of the effects of salt and ethylene glycol on DNA circular dichroism. PMID- 1252595 TI - Letter: On the interaction between actinomycin D and DNA. PMID- 1252594 TI - Measurement of circular dichroism using a thin cell. PMID- 1252596 TI - Letter: Noise conductance of DNA under salt-free conditions.s. PMID- 1252597 TI - Infrared spectra and resonance interaction of amide-I vibration of the antiparallel-chain pleated sheet. PMID- 1252598 TI - Infrared spectra and resonance interaction of amide-I vibration of the paraellel chain pleated sheets. PMID- 1252599 TI - Infrared spectra and resonance interactions of amide-I and II vibration of alpha helix. PMID- 1252600 TI - Molecular forces in ribosomes and polynucleotide complexes. PMID- 1252601 TI - Hyperfine structure in melting profile of bacteriophage lambda DNA. PMID- 1252602 TI - Kinetic studies on the cyclization of T7 and T1 DNA's. PMID- 1252603 TI - Structural investigations on DNA-protamine complexes. PMID- 1252604 TI - Polypeptide models of collagen. Solution properties of (Gly-Pro-Sar)n and (Gly Sar-Pro)n. PMID- 1252605 TI - Intermediates in the strand-separation transition of T7 DNA. PMID- 1252606 TI - Peptide synthesis using o-nitrophenylsulfenyl N-carboxy alpha-amino acid anhydrides. Sequential oligopeptides having alternate gamma-methyl L-glutamyl and L-phenylalanyl residues. PMID- 1252607 TI - The interaction of poly(N5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine) with solvent components in water/dioxane mixtures. PMID- 1252608 TI - The application of constant recycle solids concentration in activated sludge process. AB - The applicability of the model derived by Ramanathan and Gaudy (Biotechnol. Bioeng., 11, 207, (1969)) for completely mixed activated sludge treatment holding the recycle solids concentration as a system constant was investigated using an actual industrial organic wastewater. Short-term experiments were conducted at various dilution rates (1/8, 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1/1.5 hr-1) for two recycle solids concentration values (5000 and 7000 mg/liter). The influent substrate concentration was maintained at 1000 mg/liter COD and the hydraulic recycle ratio alpha, was kept at 0.3. It was found that for bottling plant (Pepsi Cola) wastewaters, a steady state with respect to reactor biological solids and effluent COD, at different dilution rates, could be attained, lending experimental evidence to the assumption that a steady state could be reached in developing the model and also affecting the applicability of the model in industrial organic wastewater. The reactor biological solids and effluent COD calculated from the model closely agreed with the observed values at dilution rates lower than 0.5 hr-1. Operation at dilution rates higher than 0.5 hr-1 will washout the biological solids from the reactor and the recycle substrate concentration will be apparent if the concentration of XR were not increased. PMID- 1252609 TI - Transient response of Enterobacter aerogenes under a dual nutrient limitation in a chemostat. AB - Utilizing a chemostat with a dual nutrient limitation of nitrogen and phosphate, we examined the transient response of the culture following a pulse of one of the limiting nutrients (ammonia). This method provided quantitative evidence that cells can be grown under dual nutrient limitation. Furthermore, the pattern of response was consistent with the hypothesis that phosphate limitation restricts nucleic acid synthesis in the cell and that nitrogen limitation restricts protein synthesis. The net result is that under a phosphate limitation there is a restricted biosynthetic capacity which we feel is closely associated with the RNA content of the cell. PMID- 1252610 TI - Conversion of L-sorbose to L-sorbosone by immobilized cells of Gluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293. AB - Gluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293 cells capable of converting L-sorbose to L sorbosone were immobilized in polyacrylamide gel. The preferred polymer composition for high activity and stability was determined to contain a total monomer concentration of 7.2% and 16.6% crosslinking agent. No significant differences in optimal conditions for conversion, e.g., pH and temperature, were found in comparison with free cell suspensions. However, in the absence of L sorbose, the thermal stability of immobilized cells was lower. After the initial loss, the conversion activity of immobilized cells increased, possibly due to lysis, and this increase was related to the polymerization conditions and the incubation temperature for the L-sorbose conversion. The enzymatic activity and stability of the immobilized cells also depended on the physical form of the gel and the aeration levels. Addition of electron acceptors or addition of L sorbosone to the medium reduced, while addition of neomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline increased the stability of the enzymatic activity. PMID- 1252611 TI - Enzyme electrode for sucrose. PMID- 1252612 TI - A simple method for recalibrating a dissolved oxygen probe during long fermentations. PMID- 1252613 TI - Effect of a congenital defect in hemopoiesis on myeloid growth and the stem cell (CFU) in an in vivo culture system. AB - W/Wv mice with congenitally defective CFU proliferation and their normal, congenic littermates were used as hosts for diffusion chamber (DC) implants. CFU growth in implanted allogenic CF1, or congenic +/+ marrow was significantly greater in W/Wv than in control hosts. When W/Wv mice were "cured" of their hemopoietic defect, CFU proliferation in the DCs decreased, but not to the control level. These observations have provided evidence for humoral control of CFU growth related to a genetic stem cell defect. Diffusion chamber myelopoiesis was also enhanced in W/Wv hosts. In comparison with their congenic controls, W/Wv mice were neutropenic and had decreased numbers of marrow myeloid elements. Thus, a humorally mediated feedback related to a defective myelopoiesis in the hosts might have accounted for increased DC myelopoiesis. However, a "spillover" effect from increased stem cell growth has not been excluded. PMID- 1252614 TI - Differences in free fatty acid and glucose metabolism of human blood neutrophils and lymphocytes. AB - Comparison of isolated human neutrophils and lymphocytes in short-term tissue culture revealed marked differences in their rates of lipid biosynthesis. Ficoll Hypaque gradients were used to separate lymphocytes and neutrophils from the blood of normal subjects. Neutrophils incorporated more palmitate into cell lipids (151.0 +/- 16.6 nmole/hr/10(8) cells) than lymphocytes (41.6 +/- 4.1). By contrast, the lymphocytes oxidized more palmitate (8.3 +/- 0.5 nmole/hr/10(8) cells) as compared to neutrophils (1.1 +/- 0.1). The greater fatty acid uptake by the neutrophils was due to a sixfold greater rate of incoporation of palmitate into their triglyceride fraction. Triglyceride synthesis by neutrophils increased as the molar ratio of free fatty acid to albumin was raised, whereas incorporation into phospholipids remained relatively constant; there was preferential labeling of neutrophil triglycerides throughout the physiologic range. Studies using linoleate and oleate gave similar results. The distribution of radioactivity into various phospholipids determined by thin-layer chromatography was similar for the two cell types. When labeled glucose was used as a substrate to measure incorporation primarily into the glycerol backbone of the cell lipids, neutrophils incorporated more radioactivity into total lipids and triglycerides than lymphocytes. These results indicate that neutrophils take up much more fatty acid than lymphocytes primarily because they synthesize much larger quantities of triglycerides, a storage form. Since cellular triglycerides may act as a source of fatty acid for lecithin synthesis during phagocytosis, the greater rate of fatty acid incorporation in the neutrophil may reflect a metabolic pattern that permits efficient phagocytosis. PMID- 1252615 TI - Oxidation of epinephrine by a cell-free system from human granulocytes. AB - Homogenates of normal human granulocytes were found to catalyze the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome. This reaction was abolished by superoxide dismutase and catalase, but not by albumin or boiled dismutase, indicating that epinephrine oxidation was dependent on O2- AND H2O2. Elimination experiments to identify the electron donor for O2- production showed that the reaction was not inhibited by gel filtration of the homogenate or by removal of glucose, sucrose, or phosphate from the reaction mixture, raising the possibility that epinephrine itself was the reducing agent for the production of O2-. However, we could obtain no evidence for the direct involvement of epinephrine in this step. To explain our observations, we have proposed a mechanism of adrenochrome production involving a radical chain process with one or more enzyme-catalyzed steps. Reactants participating in this chain were postulated to be O2-,-OH (produced by the reaction of O2- with H2O2), and various intermediate products of oxidation of epinephrine. An unidentified endogenous constituent was postulated as the agent responsible for the initial conversion of oxygen to O2-. PMID- 1252616 TI - Prophylactic granulocyte support in experimental septicemia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the value of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions in preventing death from sepsis. An intravenous dose of 10(9) Escherichia coli was lethal when given to granulocytopenic rats 6 days following irradiation with 750 rads. Only one of 22 irradiated animals survived the septicemia. Although normal (nonirradiated) animals experienced a transient leukopenia from this dose of organisms, it was less than LD10 for the normal host. There were no deaths in a group of animals receiving irradiation only. A group of 14 irradiated animals was given a single granulocyte transfusion 2 hr before the septic inoculum, and 57% of these animals survived (p less than 0.01). No antibiotic therapy was administered to any of these animals. Irradiated animals who received granulocytes and recovered from sepsis had earlier granulocyte reconstitution than animals irradiated but not given the septic challenge. Platelet reconstitution was the same in both groups. In the rat model, prophylactic granulocyte support of septc animals led to improved survival. It was concluded that granulocyte prophylaxis may be of value in selected patients with transient bone marrow failure who are therefore at high risk from sepsis. PMID- 1252617 TI - Evaluation of extracorporeal alkylation of red cells as a potential treatment for sickle cell anemia. AB - Nitrogen mustard and nor-nitrogen mustard inhibit sickling, but the concentrations required would be associated with unacceptable toxicity if these agents were administered to patients. Red cells could be treated extracorporeally and infused back into donors, if the alkylating agent could be removed or inactivated, if the treatment per se did not significantly shorten red cell survival, and if viable alkylated lymphocytes could be eliminated from the treated blood. To estimate whether these conditions could be met in a clinical trial, red cells from four dogs were alkylated at 6-wk intervals. No toxic reactions were observed, although not all nor-nitrogen mustard was removed by the washing procedure. Red cell survival was shortened to about half that of control cells, using concentrations of alkylating agent which reduce sickling by 50%. Lymphocytes from treated blood could still exclude trypan blue, but could not be shown to circulate after reinfusion into donor dogs. If alkylating agents are used to treat patients' cells, inhibition of sickling may outweigh the shortening of red cell life span induced by the treatment; blood should probably be irradiated before infusion to avoid administration of alkylated and potentially mutated, but viable, lymphocytes. PMID- 1252618 TI - Translation of human globin mRNA: globin synthesis in cells containing Hb Leiden. AB - Most structurally abnormal hemoglobins are present in smaller amounts than HbA in the erythrocytes of heterozygous subjects. In the presence of a hemoglobinopathy, alpha and beta globin synthesis remains balanced with equal production of the two types of chains. In reticulocytes of subjects with Hb Leiden (beta 6 or 7 glu leads to 0) there is greater production of alpha than beta globin in vitro (beta/alpha = 0.67), and slightly more beta A is synthesized than beta Leiden (beta A/beta Leiden = 1.28). Differences in specific mRNA content, rates of initiation of chain synthesis, or rates of chain elongation could be responsible for such differential polypeptide synthesis. In the present study, the ribosomal assembly of beta A, beta Leiden, and alpha globin chains was examined in peripheral blood. The translation times of the three chains did not differ significantly (average times: beta A = 65.4 sec, beta Leiden = 70.8 sec, alpha = 53.5 sec). These results indicated that an altered rate of translation was not the source of the anomalous globin synthesis observed in vitro in cells containing Hb Leiden. The experiments suggested that the observed imbalance in alpha/beta production was due to either differential rates of initiation of globin chain synthesis or quantitative differences in the amounts of the specific mRNAs present in the cells. PMID- 1252620 TI - Platelet to leukocyte adherence phenomena associated with thrombocytopenia. AB - Two patients developed thrombocytopenia associated with an in vitro platelet to leukocyte adherence phenomenon (PLAP). In one patient, whole serum, intact plasma, and the IgG fraction of the serum could induce the PLAP of normal platelets in normal whole blood or buffy coat preparations. Passage of serum over a Sepharose column coupled with antihuman IgG resulted in the loss of all the PLAP activity. Activity could not be recovered from the whole serum or the IgG fraction of serum of the second patient; however, the PLAP was transferred to her newborn infant. In both patients, an unusual pulmonary illness accompanied the PLAP and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 1252619 TI - Lipid membrane peroxidation in beta-thalassemia major. AB - The composition of membrane lipids was studied in 17 splenectomized and eight unsplenectomized patients with beta-thalassemia major and compared to normal controls. The results showed a nearly twofold increase in total cell lipids; a reduction in the percentage, but not the absolute amount of phosphatidylethanolamine, and a corresponding increase in phosphatidylcholine in the lipids; a considerable increase in the percentage of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, and a reciprocal decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid; a twofold increase in the amount of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) generated after peroxide threat to the RBC when calculated either per gram hemoglobin or per cell; no change in the amount of MDA generated when calculated per microgram of membrane phosphorus at risk per cell; and a considerable decrease in serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) levels. Thalassemic erythrocytes contain more lipid per cell which is susceptible to peroxidation. In addition, the distribution of fatty acids in these cells suggests that autooxidation of that lipid may have occurred. Autooxidation may be initiated by free radicals, which are constantly formed in the normal red cell, and may be especially prevalent when unstable hemoglobins are present. The low MCHC or some other intracellular defect of thalassemic cells may allow such potent oxidants to find their way to the cell membrane. Vitamin E, a biologic antioxidant is decreased in these patients, and clinical supplementation may be indicated to prevent some of the membrane damage in thalassemia. PMID- 1252621 TI - Letter: Ultrastructural changes of endothelium following thrombocytopenia. PMID- 1252622 TI - [Hemorrhagometry. A new method for in-vivo-determination of bleeding]. PMID- 1252623 TI - Heterogeneity of human cell membrane sialoglycoproteins. AB - Discontinuous sodium dodecysulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (disc SDS PAGE) followed by periodic acid/Schiff staining reveals the presence of six sialoglycoprotein bands in human red cell membranes or glycoprotein preparations therefrom. In agreement with previous investigations it is shown that PAS-1 and PAS-2 (mol. weight 37 000) are different forms of the same molecule (MN glycoprotein). Using separation of glycoproteins by the system of Weber and Osborn and reelectrophoresis of gel slices by disc SDS-PAGE it is demonstrated that the minor component C (mol. weight 41 000) represents the dimeric form of PAS-3 (Ss glycoprotein). Band B corresponds to an aggregate of PAS-3 and PAS-2 and/or the trimer of PAS-3 with possible differences between extracted glycoproteins and those present in the membrane. The minor component D (mol. weight 35 000) is, as far as could be elucidated, not involved in aggregation phenomena. Some technical problems of glycoprotein fractionation by SDS-PAGE and the remarkable effect of phosphate buffers on the glycoprotein pattern are discussed. PMID- 1252624 TI - [Leukocyte and erythrocyte interaction with collagen in vitro: scanning electron microscopy study]. AB - Scanning microscopic investigations show the interaction of Leukocytes and Erythrocytes with fibrillar and aggregating type I and type III collagens in vitro. Leukocytes, in the presence of collagen, form loose aggregates within a minute and these aggregates, after 15 to 30 minutes, coalesce and become compact. The close association of the fibrillar collagens to the leukocyte surfaces is shown. Fibrillar collagen and collagen in solution with erythrocytes form only loose aggregates. Qualitative differences between the various collagen preparations were not found. The pathogenetic implications of these observations are briefly discussed. PMID- 1252625 TI - [Biochemical studies on the J blood group in cattle]. PMID- 1252626 TI - [Letter: Isoenzymes of enolase in human erythrocytes]. PMID- 1252627 TI - Atmospheric levels of pesticides in the Mississippi Delta. PMID- 1252628 TI - Simplified extraction and cleanup for determining organochlorine pesticides in small biological samples. PMID- 1252629 TI - Aquatic insects as biological monitors of heavy metal pollution. AB - A mayfly, Ephemerella grandis, and a stonefly, Pteronarcys californica, were exposed to lead, zinc, copper, and silver to determine the acute metal toxicities. The insects tested were found to be more tolerant of the heavy metals than most fish. They concentrated the metals in relative proportion to the occurrence of the metals in the stream by some predictable, reproducible factor. These data, together with field tests, indicate aquatic insects may serve as effective biological monitors of heavy metal pollution where fish-kills are involved. PMID- 1252630 TI - A rapid and sensitive method for gas chromatographic analysis of the selective piscicide, "Squaxon". AB - "Squaxon" (1,1'methylenedi- 2 napthol; bis (2 hydroxy-1- naphthyl) methane) was discovered by MacPhee and Ruelle (1968, 1969) to exhibit piscicidal properties that are highly species specific. The chemical is lethal to the Northern (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and the Umpqua (P. umpquae) squawfish, freshwater cyprinids common to the Pacific Northwest, at water treatment concentrations of less than 100 parts per billion (ppb). Other species of fish, including the more desirable salmonids with which the squawfish competes ecologically, are unaffected until this dosage has been increased severalfold. Because squawfish are widely regarded as undesirable for food or sporting purposes, and because competition from squawfish has severely depleted salmonid populations in some areas (Thompson, 1959; Jeppson and Platts, 1959) the potential use of squaxon for fisheries improvement is quite obvious. Squaxon is currently being tested for this purpose on an experimental basis in selected areas in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, pending federal clearance for more widespread application. PMID- 1252631 TI - Swan mortality due to certain heavy metals in the Mission Lake area, Idaho. PMID- 1252632 TI - Effect of methylmercury on humoral immune responses in mice under conditions simulated to practical situations. AB - A suppression and delay in reaching the peak of primary humoral response in mice was noted when relatively large dosage of methylmercury was administered in a short time period, suggesting the interference with the initial multiplications of antibody producing cells. On the other hand, subchronic administration of low levels of methylmercury in diet (0.5 and 5ppm) caused no definite suppression on either primary or secondary responses, though they tended to be depressed. PMID- 1252633 TI - Residues of hexachlorobenzene in wild mammals of Germany. PMID- 1252634 TI - Hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system during toluene treatment and the effect of pretreatment of phenobarbital in adult rats. PMID- 1252636 TI - Error in cadmium determinations due to adsorption by filter papers. PMID- 1252635 TI - Copper intoxication- a possible biochemical homologue. PMID- 1252637 TI - Effects of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide on garden pea and string bean. PMID- 1252638 TI - Teratogenic studies of fenitrothion on white leghorn chick embryos. AB - Teratogenic studies of fenitrothion, an organophosphorus insecticide were conducted on White Leghorn chick embryos. Fenitrothion injections of 5 to 30% concentration in 0.1 ml volumes into the egg yolk space during 4th to 12th day of incubation were lethal to the embryos and the concentration of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% resulted in 40, 35 and 30% hatch, respectively. The chicks showed visible abnormalities such as dwarfism, curled toe, leg weakness and abnormal gait. Fenitrothion injections were comparatively less toxic during the later stages of embryonic development (8th to 12th day of incubation). The growth rate of chicks hatched from fenitrothion treated eggs was reduced as compared to the control chicks (distilled water treated). PMID- 1252639 TI - Total and organic mercury in the Pacific blue marlin. PMID- 1252640 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbons and total mercury in the prey of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla L.) in the Quarken Straits of the Gulf of Bothnia, Finland. PMID- 1252641 TI - Persistence of carbofuran residues in some British Columbia soils. PMID- 1252642 TI - Degradation of carbofuran by soil microorganisms. PMID- 1252643 TI - Residues of trichlorfon and lauroyl trichlorfon in douglas-fir, willow, grass, aspen foliage, and in creek water after aerial application. PMID- 1252644 TI - Photon enzyme activation. PMID- 1252645 TI - Sensitivity of control parameters in a model of saccadic eye tracking and estimation of resultant nervous activity. PMID- 1252646 TI - Nerve excitations by the coupling of the dipoles and the membrane matrix. PMID- 1252648 TI - Extremum principles and the elastic and fluid mechanical behaviour of the human eye. PMID- 1252647 TI - Analytical characterization of microvascular resistance distribution. PMID- 1252649 TI - Hysteresis in systems with a single steady state. PMID- 1252650 TI - Parallel processes in supervision and psychotherapy. PMID- 1252651 TI - Formulation of a parenteral solution of acetylcronycinium perchlorate: a soluble pro-drug of the antitumor agent acronycine. PMID- 1252652 TI - Limulus amebocyte lysate test as a method for detection of endotoxins and endotoxin-like materials. PMID- 1252653 TI - Thermocompression water stills. PMID- 1252654 TI - Methods for storage and retrieval of scientific information. PMID- 1252655 TI - Operational modifications on the HIAC particle counter. PMID- 1252657 TI - Gamma radiation as a microbiological control process. PMID- 1252656 TI - Utilization of new integrity test for membrane filter cartridges. PMID- 1252659 TI - Metabolism of phenylethylamine in rat isolated perfused lung: evidence for monoamine oxidase 'type B' in lung. AB - Phenylethylamine is inactivated in a single passage through rat lung tissue by a process of uptake and deamination by a monoamine oxidase 'type B'. This enzyme is particularly susceptible to inhibition by deprenil and less sensitive to clorgyline. The monoamine oxidase of the lung, like that of other rat tissues, can be differentiated into 'type A' and 'type B' which appear to operate independently in the organized tissue. PMID- 1252660 TI - A note on the effect of dithiothreitol (DTT) on the depolarization of isolated sympathetic ganglia by carbachol and bromo-acetylcholine. AB - The S-S reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT) altered the properties of nicotinic receptors in rat superior cervical ganglia such that (i) carbachol became less active as a depolarizing agent and (ii) bromo-acetylcholine produced an irreversible depolarization. The latter was temporarily annulled by hexamethonium (which retained antagonist properties), but returned when hexamethonium was removed. It is concluded that ganglionic nicotinic receptors might be quite similar to those for monoquaternary agonists in leech dorsal muscle. PMID- 1252658 TI - Responses of neurones in the cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus to amantadine, amphetamine and dopamine. AB - 1. Dopamine amantadine and amphetamine have been applied directly by microiontophoresis to single neurones in the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex of rats anaesthetized with urethane. 2. The predominant response to all three agents was a depression of neuronal firing rate. The responses to dopamine and amantadine could be antagonized by the dopamine receptor blocking agent, chlorpromazine. 3. Amantadine did not cause any potentiation of dopamine responses, suggesting that inhibition of amine uptake was not responsible for its effects. 4. The responses of pyramidal tract cells in the cerebral cortex to dopamine, amphetamine and amantadine were compared in control groups of rats and rats pretreated with reserpine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester (200 mg/kg i.p.). The reduction of cortical catecholamine concentrations was confirmed by a direct fluorimetric assay method. 5. Responses to dopamine were unaltered in the amine-depleted animals compared with controls. Responses to amantadine and amphetamine were reduced but not abolished. 6. It is concluded that amantadine acts partly by releasing catecholamines from neuronal stores. The residual responses to amantadine and amphetamine may be the result of a direct postsynaptic receptor stimulation. PMID- 1252661 TI - Antioxotremorine action of propranolol. AB - 1. The influence of propranolol on the neuromuscular, tremor-producing and muscarinic effects of oxotremorine was examined. 2. In the isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation the neuromuscular blocking effect of oxotremorine was inhibited by propranolol in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Propranolol intensified the paralytic effect of tubocurarine in the rat diaphragm and prevented antagonism of tubocurarine paralysis by tetraethylammonium. 4. Propranolol was devoid of any curare-like effect in the isolated rectus abdominis muscle of the frog. 5. Vasodepressor responses to oxotremorine in rats and spasmogenic responses to oxotremorine in guinea-pig ileum were not antagonized by propranolol. 6. A dose-dependent antagonism of oxotremorine-induced tremor in mice was observed after pretreatment with propranolol and it is suggested that this effect is due to an antagonism of a presynaptic effect of oxotremorine at skeletal neuromuscular junctions. PMID- 1252662 TI - Pressor effects of tryptamine analogues. AB - 1. Methylation of tryptamine in the 1-position had little effect on the potency of the drug as a pressor agent in the intact anaesthetized rat. 2. In contrast, substitution of a benzo[b]thiophene ring system for the indole ring decreased the pressor activity. 3. Pretreatment of the animals with reserpine reduced the pressor effect of tryptamine and its benzo[b]thiophene analogue while increasing the effect of the 1-methylindole analogue. 4. Pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine reduced the pressor effect of all three compounds. PMID- 1252663 TI - Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on an identified 5-hydroxytryptamine containing neurone in the central nervous sytem of the snail Helix pomatia. AB - 1. The effect of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) on an identified 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing neurone in the CNS of the snail was studied by histochemical, biochemical and electrophysiological methods. 2. Low concentrations of 5,7-DHT decreased the endogenous 5-HT content of the neurone without affecting the amino acids, while relatively large amounts of the drug proportionately lowered 5-HT and in addition slightly decreased the tryptophan and methionine content of the cell. 3. 5,7-DHT blocked the uptake of [3H]-5-HT into the neurone; the close analogue 5,6-DHT was more potent. 4. As well as slightly influencing the accumulation of [3H]-tryptophan by the neurone 5,7-DHT inhibited the metabolism of this amino acid to form 5-HT, probably by affecting the enzyme tryptophan-hydroxylase. 5. 5,7-DHT produced a postsynaptic blockade of transmission from the neurone by blocking the 5-HT receptors of the follower neurones. This effect appeared to be specific for 5-HT receptors. 6. The data support the idea that 5,7-DHT is neurotoxic for indoleamine-containing neurones. PMID- 1252665 TI - Tolerance to the cardiovascular effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat. AB - 1. Daily intraperitoneal injections of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC, 10 mg/kg) resulted in tolerance to the effects of the cannabinoid on body weight and body temperature within 1-2 weeks of treatment. 2. Tolerance failed to develop to the suppression of spontaneous motor activity produced by delta9-THC during 28 days of treatment with the cannabinoid (10 mg/kg, i.p. per day). 3. Following treatment with vehicle for 28 days, intravenous administration of delta9-THC in anaesthetized rats produced a transient pressor response followed by a sustained hypotension and bradycardia. 4. Tolerance to the hypotensive and negative chronotropic responses to intravenous delta9-THC was readily apparent in animals which had received daily intraperitoneal injections of delta9-THC (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. 5. Tolerance failed to develop to the pressor actions of intravenous delta9-THC after 28 days of preptreatment. 6. There was no difference in the pressor response to intravenous noradrenaline in vehicle-treated animals (1.0 ml/kg, i.p., per day for 28 days) and delta9-THC-treated animals (10 mg/kg, i.p., per day for 28 days). PMID- 1252664 TI - Bioassay of histamine in the presence of prostaglandins. AB - 1. An Amberlite XAD-2 column in a heated (37 degrees C) jacket was incorporated in between two banks of bioassay organs superfused with Krebs bicarbonate solution in cascade. The column removed prostaglandins, E1, E2 and F2alpha and also rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS) and possibly slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). 2. The column gave free passage to histamine in concentrations up to 3000 ng/ml. The method described improved the accuracy of histamine bioassay in the.presence of prostaglandins. PMID- 1252666 TI - The effect of lithium chloride on one-trial passive avoidance learning in rats. AB - 1 Expression of a one-trial passive avoidance learning response in rats was examined following injections of lithium chloride or sodium chloride before and after initial training and before the first day of testing. Five tests were given at daily intervals, 24 h after training being the time of the first test. 2. Lithium given before the first day of testing impaired response expression on the first and all subsequent days of testing; the rate of extinction was unaffected. 3. Given both before and immediately after initial training, lithium impaired response expression on the first day of testing but slowed down the subsequent rate of extinction, leading eventually to improved performance on the fifth day, as compared with placebo-treated control subjects. 4. The results are interpreted in the light of the hypothesis that lithium impaired the central processing of sensory information. PMID- 1252667 TI - Antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine by convulsants in the cuneate nucleus of cat. AB - 1. Some convulsant substances have been applied to single neurones in the cat cuneate nucleus by microiontophoresis. Numerical values were derived for the effectiveness and selectivity of the substances as antagonists of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. 2. (+)-Bicuculline methochloride was the most effective GABA antagonist and it also excited many neurones. It antagonized GABA in 93% of experiments but also antagonized glycine in 41% of experiments. In most experiments the antagonism of GABA was greater than the antagonism of glycine resulting in an overall selective antagonism of GABA that was statistically significant. Nevertheless, in only about one quarter of the individual experiments was the GABA antagonism substantial and the selectivity clearcut. 3. (+)-Bicuculline and picrotoxin were less easily applied to neurones by microiontophoresis and were found to antagonize GABA in 30% and 35% of experiments, respectively. They also antagonized glycine in 25% and 30% of experiments, respectively. Overall, neither substance could be shown to be selective, statistically, although in the few individual experiments where the GABA antagonism was substantial the antagonism was clearly selective. 4. (+) Tubocurarine antagonized GABA in 59% and glycine in 32% of experiments and it also excited many neurones. Penicillin antagonized GABA in 33% of experiments without antagonizing glycine. Neither antagonist caused any substantial antagonisms of GABA and neither showed significant selectivity overall. (-) Bicuculline methochloride, leptazol and bemegride antagonized GABA or glycine in less than 10% of experiments, although (-)-bicuculline methochloride excited most neurones. 5. Strychnine antagonized glycine in every experiment while antagonizing GABA in only 5% of experiments. In each individual experiment the antagonism of glycine was substantial and clearly selective, resulting in a statistically significant selectivity overall. 6. It is concluded that the selective glycine antagonist strychnine is considerably better than the presently available GABA antagonists for distinguishing between responses to GABA and glycine, when the antagonists are applied by microiontophoresis. PMID- 1252668 TI - Rat submandibular gland kallikreins: purification and cellular localization. AB - 1 Four submandibular gland kallikreins (E.C.3.4.21.8) were isolated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and hydroxyapatite, followed by gel filtration and electrofocusing. The pI values were 3.87, 3.96, 4.07 and 4.16, and a common molecular weight of 34,000 was found. 2 The kallikreins were localized by direct immunofluorescence with an antibody to rat urinary kallikrein, to the granular tubules, striated duct cells and some main duct cells in the submandibular gland, and to striated duct cells in the sublingual gland. Kallikrein was not found in acini and stroma. 3 Several non-kallikrein esterases present in the submandibular gland reacted with the antibody to rat urinary kallikrein. The antibody was made monospecific for kallikrein by absorption with the crossreacting esterases. 4 We suggest that kallikrein is produced in striated duct cells. Granular tubules, which are differentiated from striated duct cells, have preserved the ability to produce kallikrein. These cells also store large quantities of kallikrein. PMID- 1252669 TI - Shape change and aggregation of blood platelets: interaction between the effects of adenosine and diphosphate, 5-hydroxytryptamine and adrenaline. AB - 1 The interaction of effects between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on human or rabbit platelets was investigated in vitro. The initial platelet shape change and their aggregation were measured in stirred, citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) at 37 degrees C by recording the rate and extent of changes in light scattering and light transmission. 2 Both the velocity and extent of aggregation and the velocity and extent of the rapid morphological change caused by ADP were enhanced by simultaneous addition of 5-HT. Methysergide but not imipramine inhibited the 5-HT effects. 3 Platelets were made refractory to the aggregating and shape changing effect of either ADP or 5-HT by repeated aggregation with the particular agent; platelets made refractory to ADP retained their responsiveness to 5-HT and platelets made refractory to 5-HT responded to ADP. Platelets pre-incubated for 3-10 min with 5-HT without aggregation showed greatly reduced aggregation on subsequent addition of ADP. Methysergide inhibited all the effects of 5-HT whilst imipramine was inactive. 4 When the shape change or aggregation of platelets induced by ADP was submaximal, addition of 5-HT increased it further. Pre-incubation of PRP with 5-HT before the addition of ADP resulted in failure of the secondary induction of aggregation or shape change by 5-HT. The secondary induction by 5-HT also did not occur in the presence of methysergide; imipramine had no inhibitory effect. Similar secondary induction of aggregation was shown by adrenaline injected during aggregation by ADP; the adrenaline effect was removed by phentolamine but not by propranolol. 5 Our results show that the initial change in shape of platelets and their aggregation can be induced by ADP or 5-HT in specific manner. The interaction of the effect of these substances on platelets can result in either increase in platelet sensitivity or, under certain conditions, decrease in platelet responsiveness. The increase or depression of platelet reactivity appears to be a highly specific effect and is probably mediated at specific receptors involved with platelet activation. PMID- 1252670 TI - Cardiovascular effects of diethylcarbamazine citrate. AB - 1 The cardiovascular effects of the anthelmintic drug diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC) were examined in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. There were two quite distinct haemodynamic responses, an initial transient hypotension (occurring within 10 s of an intravenous injection) and a pronounced secondary hypertension which reached a peak 30-60 s after the injection. 2 Within 10 s of an intravenous injection of DECC (2.5 to 10 mg/kg) there was hypotension, bradycardia and there were reductions in left ventricular and carotid artery dP/dt max. These effects were most pronounced following injections into the pulmonary artery; they were not observed after bilateral vagotomy or after injections into the lumen of the left ventricle. It is suggested that DECC, like nicotine, stimulates vagal receptors in the pulmonary vascular bed. 3 The secondary phase was characterized by marked systemic and pulmonary hypertension, by contractions of the nictitating membrane and by increases in left ventricular dP/dt (at fixed isovolumic pressures), in cardiac output and in myocardial blood flow. All these effects were prevented, or markedly reduced, following the administration of hexamethonium or bethanidine and the pressor response was prevented by phentolamine. It is concluded that, in doses similar to those used in therapeutics, DECC stimulates sympathetic ganglia and releases noradrenaline. The relevance of this finding to the reported side effects of the drug are discussed. 4 DECC (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited prostaglandin F2alpha induced increases in peak inspiratory intra-tracheal pressure without modifying its pulmonary hypertensive effect. The possible relevance of this finding to the use of DECC in asthma is discussed. PMID- 1252672 TI - Letter: Subjective age in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 1252671 TI - Inflammatory effects of prostaglandin D2 in rat and human skin. AB - 1 Intradermal injection of prostaglandin (PG) D1 and D2 in the human forearm produced a long-lasting dose-related erythema. When compared with prostaglandin E1 or E2 the order of potency for erythema production was PGE1 greater than PGE2 greater than PGD2 greater than PGD1. 2 In rat skin, prostaglandin D2 but not D1 caused an increase in vascular permeability as quantitated by the Evans blue method and the 125I-albumin extravasation technique. Prostaglandin E2 was 3-5 times more potent than prostaglandin D2. 3 Prostaglandin D2 (10 ng) potentiated the increase in vascular permeability in rat skin produced by histamine, but not that produced by bradykinin. 4 Prostaglandin D2 (10, 20 and 50 ng) did not elicit oedema or hyperalgesia in the rat paw oedema test, but potentiated carrageenan induced oedema; hyperalgesia was potentiated by doses of 100 ng and above. PMID- 1252674 TI - Letter: Personality and depressive illness. PMID- 1252673 TI - Letter: Schizophrenics' families. PMID- 1252675 TI - Letter: A possible new treatment of weight loss in affective disorders and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 1252676 TI - Letter: Intracellular lithium and clinical response. PMID- 1252677 TI - Letter: The new chronics. PMID- 1252678 TI - Homicide in the West of Scotland. AB - Between 1953 and 1974 the author made psychiatric examinations for the prosecution of 400 persons, 367 males and 33 females, accused of the murders of 307 victims, 194 males and 113 females. The 367 males were accused of 273 murders, 172 male and 101 female victims, and the 33 females were accused of 34 murders, 22 male and 13 females victims. The salient features amongst the accused were maleness, youthfulness, the causal importance of alcohol, the rarity of suicide after murder an the high percentage of psychiatrically normal persons: in these last two respects the picture differed from that reported in England and Wales. The normality of these Scottish accused was further shown by the finding that in the decade 1965 to 1974 no material psychiatric abnormality was seen in 90 per cent of the males examined. PMID- 1252680 TI - The use of autocorrelation analysis in the longitudinal study of mood patterns in depressed patients. AB - The statistical method of autocorrelation, commonly used in econometrics and engineering, was applied to the daily mood scores of ten depressive hospital in patients. The analyses made possible the quantification of two aspects of the longitudinal course of individual patients' psychopathology, the degree of day-to day stability and the degree of periodicity in mood. Quantification of the degree of day-to-day mood stability yielded wide variations between patients and suggested that patients might be usefully categorized in terms of this characteristic. Mood stability during periods of severe depression was found to be less pronounced than during periods of relatively moderate depression. Furthermore, the existence of 'mini-cycles', cyclical fluctuations in mood of one to two weeks' duration occurring during the course of depressive episodes, was demonstrated in three cases. PMID- 1252679 TI - Cross-validation of a predictive scale for subsequent suicidal behaviour in an Italian sample. AB - A six-point prodictive scale for parasuicide repetition developed by Buglass and Horton (1974a) was tested on a group of patients admitted for parasuicide to a psychiatric ward of one of the city hospitals of Verona. The scale gave a range of probability of repetition within 12 months of 15 per cent at a score of o up to 45-5 per cent at the scores 3, 4, 5 and 6. Moreover the scale discriminated significantly between repeaters and non-repeaters. Items significantly associated with repetition in the Italian sample, which are not represented by the six-point scale were: previous parasuicide not admitted to hospital, violence received, alcohol taken at time of act, less than one year at the present address. PMID- 1252681 TI - The relationship between anxiety-depression and the neuroses. PMID- 1252682 TI - Serum creatine phosphokinase in acute psychosis. AB - Fifty-four patients suffering from a variety of psychotic states were graded by their degree of psychomotor activity. Serum creatine phosphokinase (cpk) levels were found to be related to the degree of psychomotor activity, irrespective of the diagnostic category. Retarded and withdrawn patients had normal serum CPK, but on their return to normal psychomotor activity the CPK levels tended to rise transiently. It appears that unphysiological motor activity has a more direct relationship to the rise of serum CPK than motor activity per se. PMID- 1252683 TI - Impotence: prognosis (a controlled study). AB - Sixty-five patients primarily referred for erectile impotence were investigated and treated in a psychiatric out-patient department. Information was obtained from patients and wherever possible from their partners. Subjects were treated either with chemotherapy or with a modified form of Masters and Johnson's technique. A controlled group were not given any specific treatment. Results indicated that neither chemotherapy or behaviour modification (modified Masters and Johnson's technique) were in any way superior to no treatment. The prognosis was related to the clinical features of the subjects rather than to the form of treatment. Subjects in whom impotence was caused by a specific psychological or physical trauma showed a much better prognosis than those who had an insidious decline in sexual potency without any discernible psychological or physical factors. The decline in these latter subjects with a very poor prognosis was possibly due to inherent physiological factors. PMID- 1252684 TI - Letter: Psychiatry and the concept of disease. PMID- 1252685 TI - Cognitive reduction in presenile dementia related to regional abnormalities of the cerebral blood flow. AB - Fifty-five patients with presenile dementia were examined. There were 28 women and 27 men, and the mean age was 59 and 56 years respectively at the time of the study. A large series of psychometric tests was used, and with the aid of age matched non-demented controls five significantly different cognitive reduction groups could be identified. In the demented patients the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined with an eight-detector or 32-detector equipment. There was a rough proportionality between the cognitive reduction and a decrease of the cerebral blood flow (especially the flow in the grey matter). In addition, certain regional flow abnormalities correlated with specific cognitive functions in a manner resembling the cognitive defects found in focal brain lesions in the same region. Thus, patients who showed only memory disturbances demonstrated a focal flow reduction in the temporal region. More severely affected patients, with reduction of verbal abilities and signs of agnosia, showed very low flows in occipito-temporo-parietal parts of the hemisphere. The results offer a principal confirmation of the dynamic field theory concerning the functional organization of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 1252688 TI - Validity and clinical utility of the grid test of schizophrenic thought disorder. AB - It is suggested that a clearer distinction should be made between the statistical validity and the clinical utility of the Grid Test of schizophrenic thought disorder. The results of three published studies are examined, and in each case the Grid Test is found to have appreciable statistical validity in terms of correlations between grid predictions and clinical judgements of thought disorder. Two criteria are proposed for assessing the usefulness of the Grid Test as a diagnostic instrument, and from an examination of the results of three published studies it is concluded that, despite its statistical validity, the test, at least in its present form, has no appreciable clinical utility. PMID- 1252687 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in Denmark. AB - During the fiscal year 1 April 1972 to 31 March 1973, 22,210 ECT treatments in 3,438 series were given in Denmark (6-46 treatments per series). Indications for treatment were: endogenous depression, acute delirium, mania, hysterical psychosis, reactive depression and schizophrenia. Unilateral ECT was used in more than half of the departments concerned. Two treatments were given weekly. The types of apparatus and anaesthesia techniques used are described. One death, which had questionable relation to the ECT, was reported, and other complications were few and mild. The advantages of ECT compared to tricyclic antidepressants are described, including the higher percentage of remissions or improvements in the treatment of endogenous depressions (about 80 per cent for ECT compared to about 60 per cent for tricyclic antidepressants). Little risk was found in out patient administration of ECT. With present techniques and unilateral placement of electrodes out-patient ECT may be recommended for wider use than before. PMID- 1252686 TI - Stereotactic limbic leucotomy--a follow-up at 16 months. AB - Sixty-six patients were assessed clinically, psychologically and physiologically before operation, at six weeks and at a mean of 16 months following stereotactic limbic leucotomy. Seventy-three per cent were clinically improved at six weeks and 76 per cent at 16 months. In obsessional neurosis, 89 per cent of patients showed definite clinical improvement at 16 months; in chronic anxiety, 66 per cent were improved; in depression, 78 per cent; and in the small number of schizophrenics treated the improvement rate was over 80 per cent. Self-assessment and observer-assessment questionaires and scales measuring Depression, Anxiety, Neuroticism, Hysterical symptoms and Obsessional symptoms and traits all showed highly significant reductions of mean scores at 16 months. There was no fall-off in intelligence, and adverse effects were minimal. Limbic leucotomy, with its enhanced accuracy and safety, compares very favourably with similarly assessed, more extensive 'free-hand' procedures, and in obsessional neurosis and chronic anxiety the results are superior. PMID- 1252690 TI - The personality and mental health of flat dwellers. AB - The proportion of persons with neurotic personalities in flats was not significantly greater than that in houses. Extraversion was not correlated with psychiatric illness or with the tendency to consult a doctor. Flat dwelling, but not house dwelling, was sufficient stress for neurotic personalities to cause, among them, an increase in clinical psychiatric illness. The resulting increase in the overall level of psychiatric illness of all flat dwellers was too small to be significantly greater than that of all house dwellers. PMID- 1252689 TI - Plasma tryptophan concentration in depressive illness and mania. AB - Total and free plasma trytophan levels were measured in depressive and manic patients before and after recovery. No change was found in total or free plasma trytophan concentration on recovery from depressive illness. Free plasma tryptophan levels were higher in recovered manics than in active manics, and a group of four manic patients tested before and after recovery showed a significant increase in free plasma tryptophan concentration on recovery. PMID- 1252691 TI - Late effects of early dependency need deprivation: the meal ticket syndrome. AB - A psychiatric condition disabling to persons in the fifth and sixth decades is described. Approximately 51 per cent of nearly 1,000 Social Security Disability applicants sampled presented a wide variety of somatic and psychological complaints, but no severe psychiatric disorder. This group is characterized by inability to continue gainful employment. Commencement of full-time employment before age 16 years (59 per cent) and level of education were the only significant differences between this group and psychotic applicants; another 33 per cent began full-time work before age 20 years. 88-5 per cent of the families of these persons remained intact until after they began work. Apparently, being thrust into the responsibilities of adulthood earlier than their peers contributed to the early disability. PMID- 1252692 TI - Observations on the evolution of the hysterical symptomatology. AB - A retrospective study of the records of 17,571 psychiatric patients who attended the out-patients department of Eginition Hospital in Athens during three two-year periods (1948-50, 1958-60 and 1969-71) revealed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of patients diagnosed as suffering from hysteria, a statistically significant decrease in the relative frequency of patients with hysterical fits and with mental conversion symptoms, and a statistically significant increase in the relative frequency of patients with mixed conversion symptoms. The findings confirm the notion that hysteria is still a 'woman's disease', although a statistically significant increase in male participation was noted. The significance of the above findings for the understanding of certain aspects of hysteria is discussed. PMID- 1252693 TI - The SCL-90 and the MMPI: a step in the validation of a new self-report scale. AB - The present investigation was intended principally as a concurrent validation study for a new self-report symptom inventory: the SCL-90. A sample of 209 'symptomatic volunteers' served as subjects and were administered both the SCL-90 and the MMPI prior to participation in clinical therapeutic drug trials. The MMPI was scored for the Wiggins content scales and the Tryon cluster scales in addition to the standard clinical scales. Comparisons of the nine primary symptom dimensions of the SCL-90 with the set of MMPI scales reflected very high convergent validity for the SCL-90. Peak correlations were observed with like constructs on eight of the nine scales, with secondary patterns of correlations showing high interpretative consistency. PMID- 1252694 TI - Career intentions of senior registrars in general psychiatry. AB - A postal inquiry of all senior registrars in general psychiatry in the United Kingdom gave a nearly 90 per cent response rate. Between a quarter and a fifth of the respondents will not be pursuing general psychiatry at consultant level in this country, most of these opting for a psychiatric specialty. Nearly all the overseas graduates will probably remain in this country. Slightly fewer women than men are aiming for a consultancy in general psychiatry, the rest of the women proposing to switch to one of the specialties. Some of the implications of these findings are discussed, including a proposal for a yearly follow-up of the respondents. PMID- 1252695 TI - Letter: Fact and fiction in the care of the mentally handicapped. PMID- 1252696 TI - Unilateral ECT. PMID- 1252697 TI - Letter: Controlled trials of imipramine. PMID- 1252699 TI - Letter: The concept of disease. PMID- 1252698 TI - Letter: A marriage that ought to endure. PMID- 1252700 TI - Letter: Speech in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1252701 TI - Attitude to psychiatric treatment before suicide in schizophrenia and paranoid psychoses. AB - The purpose of the study was to clarify the attitude of patients with schizophrenia and paranoid psychoses towards hospital personnel and treatment procedures during the two pre-suicidal months. The study was carried out on subjects from south Finland who had committed suicide during a three-year period and had been treated under these diagnoses. The controls included suicides who had received psychiatric treatment for other reasons. A questionnaire was issued to ascertain the opinions of the doctor last in charge of the patient and other personnel. Both groups answered independently, and the opinions given were almost the same. Both groups stated that during the last pre-suicidal months the patients with schizophrenia and paranoid psychoses had shown a more negative or indifferent attitude towards personnel than the controls, and their attitude towards medication had been clearly more negative. Among them there were considerably more patients who had ceased to request support or attention. Thus these patients had developed a degree of despair which manifested itself in a negative attitude towards personnel and treatment. PMID- 1252702 TI - A comparative study of attentional strategies of schizophrenic and highly creative normal subjects. AB - Frequent references have been made to the similarities between highly creative and psychotic thinking. This study attempts to test the hypothesis that one explanation for such a correspondence lies in the fact that individuals in both these populations habitually employ common attentional strategies which cause them to sample an unusually wide range of available environmental stimuli. A group of highly creative adults and a group of equally intelligent but low creative adults were compared with a group of acute non-paranoid schizophrenic adults on three tests designed to assess attentional and other cognitive styles. The results offer support to the view that both highly creative and schizophrenic individuals habitually sample a wider range of available environmental input than do less creative individuals. In the case of the schizophrenic this involuntary widening of attention tends to have a deleterious effect on performance, while, in contrast, the highly creative individual is more able to successfully process the greater input without this incurring a performance deficit. PMID- 1252703 TI - Some personality characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - Twenty-two female patients with anorexia nervosa were assessed by means of objective personality testing. The EPI, Leyton Obsessional Inventory, Cattell's 16 PF and Raven's Matrices were used for this purpose. The personality profile that emerged was of a highly neurotic and introverted person with moderately severe obsessional features and average intelligence. PMID- 1252704 TI - The outcome of adolescent school phobia. AB - A hundred-and-twenty-five school phobic youngsters had been treated in a psychiatric in-patient unit for young adolescents of secondary school age over a seven-year period; a hundred of them were reviewed on average three years after discharge. About a third of cases were found to have improved little; they had persistent severe symptoms of emotional disturbance and continuing social impairment. Another third had improved appreciably and were affected by neurotic symptoms rather than social impairment. The remaining third had improved substantially or completely. School attendance difficulties had remained in about half of all cases. Subsequent difficulties in going to work were less pronounced. The best predictor of outcome was clinical state on discharge. High intelligence also emerged as a significant predictor of poor outcome. Five girls and a boy had already developed severe and persistent agoraphobic difficulties when reviewed. It was found that severe school phobia in early adolescence resembled adult affective disorders in some clinical features and in outcome. PMID- 1252705 TI - School phobia in the children of agoraphobic women. AB - As part of a survey of agoraphobic women in the general population, it was found that school phobia occurred in their children to a greater extent than would be expected. The average incidence in children aged 11 to 15 was 14 per cent. The women with school phobic children had had school phobia themselves to an undue extent. PMID- 1252706 TI - Letter: Psychiatry and the concept of disease. PMID- 1252707 TI - Carcinoma of the renal pelvis: an analysis of the diagnostic problems in 23 cases. AB - A series of 23 patients with carcinoma of the renal pelvis is presented. The different presentations are described and discussed, and the difficulties in establishing a preoperative diagnosis are considered. There were 3 squamous cell carcinomas in the series, all of them associated with renal stone and urinary tract infection. PMID- 1252708 TI - Unoperated ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: a retrospective clinicopathological study over a 10-year period. AB - A series is described of 41 cases of unoperated ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in 9894 consecutive autopsies performed in two large general hospitals in Glasgow between 1964 and 1974. The preceding clinical presentations are discussed. These show the difficulaties in diagnosing the condition correctly and quickly and the liability to confusion with other intra-abdominal conditions. The correct diagnosis was established before death in only 11 cases, it was suspected in 6 cases and was completely missed in 24 cases. Pathologically, all the cases were atheromatous and measured more than 5 cm in diameter, and the most common site of rupture was through the lateral wall. Resection would appear to have been technically possible without undue difficulties in the majority of the cases. An analysis of all the findings indicates the necessity for greater clinical awareness of this condition and its variable mode of presentation. Only in this way will early diagnosis and safer surgical intervention be possible. PMID- 1252709 TI - A combined synchronous technique for the McKeown three-phase oesophagectomy. AB - A combined synchronous technique is described for the McKeown three-phase oesophagectomy; it reduces operative time and allows a safer mobilization of the stomach into the neck. PMID- 1252710 TI - Repair of epigastric incisional hernia. AB - A 4-18 year follow-up of a series of epigastric incisional hernia repairs by a method using lateral relieving incisions of the anterior sheath of the rectus is presented. The practicality of operating through the repaired abdomen is shown. The possibility of performing this method of repair at the end of an operation through an existing incisional hernia is mentioned. The recurrence rate was less than 20 per cent. PMID- 1252711 TI - The relationship between alcohol and head injury and its effect on the conscious level. AB - The incidence of head injury has risen in recent years and now accounts for almost one-third of acute male surgical admissions to the Western Infirmary, Glasgow. A prospective study has established that in Glasgow alcohol is a major associated factor, 62% of males and 27% of females having detectable levels in the blood (greater than 5 mg/100 ml); in these patients the mean level was 193 mg/100 ml in men and 165 mg/100 ml in women. The alcohol level was significantly higher in patients who had had 'a fall under the influence', or had been the victims of an assault, than in those involved in traffic or other accidents. This suggests that alcohol may be an important contributroy cause of head injuries in this city. Depression of the conscious level occurred at blood alcohol levels aroung 200 mg/100 ml, but a significant number of patients in coma had a serious head injury. PMID- 1252712 TI - Gallstone obstruction and perforation of the duodenal bulb. AB - A case of gallstone ileus is presented in which the stone became impacted in the first part of the duodenum and then caused perforation at the site of impaction. This is only the second published British case of gallstone impaction at this site. Perforation of the duodenum by a gallstone has not previously been recorded. The clinical and radiological features of this case are discussed. PMID- 1252714 TI - Assessment of the results of surgery for varicose veins. AB - Fifty-six patients undergoing primary surgery for unilateral varicose veins by a standardized Trendelenburg procedure were reviewed postoperatively by a panel of three observers. Agreement between the observers was high in assessing symptomatic response (up to 98%), but only moderate in evaluation of any visual changes in affected legs (60%). Moreover, intr-observer agreement comparing symptomatic response and visual impression was very low (30-4%). It is suggested that inter-series comparisons should be made solely upon the response of specific symptoms to treatment. PMID- 1252713 TI - Decreased trypsin and bile acids in ileal fistula drainage during the administration of a chemically defined liquid elemental diet. AB - Ten patients with a well-established ileostomy were studied in a metabolic ward and alterations in ileostomy contents of trypsin and bile acids were measured during the ingestion of an elemental diet. After a 4-day control study the patients were given an elemental diet as the sole nutritional source for a 10-day period. For the last 3 days of the study an additional 2 litres of water were consumed with the elemental diet. The mean daily faecal output for the group during the control period was 578 +/- 300 ml, and during administration of the elemental diet the fistula output fell to 418 +/- 190 ml (P less than 0-02) and there was a fall in the concentration of sodium in the ileal fluid (104-7 +/- 22 mEq/l to 80-2 +/- 25 mEq/l, P less than 0-01). For the group as a whole there was a fall in the concentration of trypsin (0-671 +/- 0-53 i.u./ml to 0-554 +/- 0-56 i.u./ml, P less than 0-025) and bile acids (0-911 +/- 0-56 mmol/ml to 0-662 +/- 0 53 mmol/ml, P less than 0-005) in the ileal excreta. Althoug the concentration of amylase in the ileal fluid rose, the total output was not altered. Oral administration of an additional 2 litres of water did not later the concentration of trypsin or bile acids in the ileal fluid. It is concluded that elemental diet ingestion produces changes in ileal fistula output which are of benefit to the patient with an enterocutaneous fistula. Output from the fistula of fluid and electrolyte is less and the corrosive nature of the discharge is reduced. PMID- 1252715 TI - Self-retaining chest drainage tubes. AB - A self-retaining chest drainage tube together with a special introducing trocar and cannula is described. The tube has been designed to overcome the disadvantages of existing conventional chest drainage tubes. PMID- 1252716 TI - The value of the leucocyte count in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. AB - Total and differential leucocyte counts were performed on 175 patients with a provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ninety-six per cent of patients with acute appendicitis had either an abnormal total or differential leucocyte count. Four of 24 patients operated on with a normal leucocyte count had acute appendicitis. It is concluded that leucocytosis of above 10 000/mm3 or a differential in excess of 75% neutrophils supports the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and that routine estimation of the leucocyte count is a useful investigation. While a normal leucocyte count does not exclude even a perforated appendicitis, such a count should prompt further review of the diagnosis, especially in the presence of an atypical history or minimal physical signs. PMID- 1252717 TI - An unusual case of growing fracture of the skull in childhood. AB - A case of growing fracture of the skull with an unusually large traumatic meningocele in a child is presented. PMID- 1252718 TI - Hip pain as a presenting symptom of acetabular metastasis. AB - Three case histories are presented in which each patient developed pain in the hip which was caused by an acetabular metastasis. Resection of an adenocarcinoma of the colon had been performed previously and in only 1 patient were radiographic changes or abnormal gamma-scan pictures obtained. PMID- 1252719 TI - Proceedings: Lymph node histology related to treatment and prognosis in 'early' cancer of the breast. PMID- 1252720 TI - Proceedings: The aetiology of varicose veins. PMID- 1252721 TI - Proceedings: The effect of age on studies of immune competence in patients with malignant disease. PMID- 1252722 TI - Proceedings: The results of two techniques of jejuno-ileostomy. PMID- 1252723 TI - Proceedings: Hyponatraemia in surgical practice. PMID- 1252724 TI - Proceedings: Plasma gastrin levels after parathyroidectomy. PMID- 1252725 TI - Proceedings: Prediction of outcome after surgery for traumatic intracranial haematoma. PMID- 1252726 TI - Proceedings: Thyroid remnant size and its relationship to hypothyroidism after partial thyroidectomy. PMID- 1252727 TI - Proceedings: A comparison of an intragastric method of estimating acid output with the pentagastrin test in normal and duodenal ulcer subjects. PMID- 1252728 TI - Proceedings: The effect of a meal stimulus on gastrin levels in normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 1252729 TI - Proceedings: Effect of GIH secretin on secretagogue-induced duodenal ulcers. PMID- 1252730 TI - Proceedings: Factors affecting oestrogen synthesis in human breast. PMID- 1252731 TI - Proceedings: Immunological mechanisms involved in the inhibition of tumour metastases by Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 1252732 TI - Proceedings: Lymphocyte capacity and lymphoblast circulation in immune stimulation and immunosuppression. PMID- 1252733 TI - Proceedings: The effect of cholecystectomy on serum cholecystokinin bioactivity. PMID- 1252734 TI - Proceedings: Mucus secretion after highly selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty. PMID- 1252736 TI - Proceedings: The lower oesophageal sphincter in patients with gallstones. PMID- 1252735 TI - Proceedings: The effect of sodium cholate and heparin on gallstone dissolution in vitro. PMID- 1252737 TI - Proceedings: Acetaldehyde action on the pancreatic duct and sphincter of Oddi in the dog. PMID- 1252738 TI - Proceedings: Histamine concentrations in gastric mucosa of duodenal ulcer patient before and 1 year after selective gastric vagotomy. PMID- 1252739 TI - Proceedings: Pure pancreatic juice response to low dose secretin in man. PMID- 1252740 TI - Proceedings: Studies of the time course of release of the intestinal phase hormone into portal blood. PMID- 1252741 TI - Proceedings: Gravimetric plethysmography in patients with occlusive vascular disease of the legs. PMID- 1252742 TI - Proceedings: A new method for the detection of plasminogen activator content of vessel walls. PMID- 1252743 TI - Proceedings: Adipose tissue fat cell size and number in relation to occlusion in the peripheral arteries. PMID- 1252744 TI - Proceedings: Evaluation of indirect blood pressure measurement as a method of assessment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1252745 TI - Proceedings: Haemodynamic response to vasodilatation and exercise in 'critical' arterial stenosis. PMID- 1252746 TI - Proceedings: 125I-labelled autologous fibrinogen for deep vein thrombosis detection and metabolic studies. PMID- 1252747 TI - Proceedings: Fibrinolysis and fat necrosis in the lower leg. PMID- 1252748 TI - Proceedings: The effect of graduated static compression on isotopically diagnosed deep vein thrombosis of the leg. PMID- 1252749 TI - Proceedings: The reliability of computerized transaxial tomography in diagnosing acute traumatic intracranial haematoma. PMID- 1252750 TI - Proceedings: Perforated peptic ulcer in the West of Scotland 1964-73. PMID- 1252751 TI - Proceedings: Anal pressure before and after haemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 1252752 TI - Proceedings: Heparin levels in patients undergoing hip surgery. PMID- 1252753 TI - Proceedings: Primary breast cancer: identification of poor prognosis. PMID- 1252754 TI - Proceedings: The effect of consistency of a meal on the rate of gastric emptying. PMID- 1252755 TI - Proceedings: The effect of reversed jejunal segments on the myoelectrical activity of the small bowel. PMID- 1252756 TI - Proceedings: The significance of direct measurements of pyloric function in man. PMID- 1252757 TI - Proceedings: Experimental access to hollow viscera without a fistula. PMID- 1252758 TI - Proceedings: Relationship between electrical and mechanical activities of the gut. PMID- 1252759 TI - Proceedings: Serious haematological abnormalities following intra-operative autotransfusion in the dog. PMID- 1252761 TI - Proceedings: Acute illness--an important cause of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1252760 TI - Proceedings: The use of hydroxyproline excretion in the early detection of bone necrosis. PMID- 1252762 TI - Proceedings: The positive influence of aldosterone on depression of the reticulo endothelial system in severe burns. PMID- 1252763 TI - Proceedings: Viability of skin flaps. PMID- 1252764 TI - Proceedings: Effect of hormones on the maintenance of human breast carcinomas in organ culture. PMID- 1252765 TI - Proceedings: Effect of haemorrhage on wound healing in the rat. PMID- 1252766 TI - Proceedings: Factors which determine the rate of disappearance of sperm from the ejaculate after vasectomy. PMID- 1252767 TI - Proceedings: The influence of biliary disease on the excretion of cephazolin sodium in human bile. PMID- 1252768 TI - Editorial: Care in prescribing. PMID- 1252769 TI - Editorial: Coitus and coronaries. PMID- 1252770 TI - Editorial: Curability of breast cancer. PMID- 1252771 TI - Editorial: Genes for superior intelligence. PMID- 1252772 TI - Editorial: Complement activation and disease. PMID- 1252773 TI - Editorial: Effect of exercise alone on obesity. PMID- 1252774 TI - Diverticular disease: three studies. Part I--Relation to other disorders and fibre intake. AB - The fibre intake of 40 patients with diverticular disease was compared with that of 80 age- and sex-matched controls. The daily crude-fibre intake of the patients was significantly lower than that of the controls, and the incidence of haemorrhoids, varicose veins, hiatus hernia, gall stones, and abdominal hernias was significantly higher than in the control group. These findings suggest that a fibre-depleted diet may be a causative factor in diverticular disease and several other conditions. PMID- 1252775 TI - Diverticular disease: three studies. Part III - Metabolic effect of bran in patients with diverticular disease. AB - Patients with diverticular disease were given about 24 g bran daily for at least six months. After treatment the oral glucose tolerance curve fell, faecal fat excretion increased, the serum lipoprotein pattern was altered, urinary calcium excretion was reduced, and the serum folate level fell. These changes were not considered to contraindicate the use of bran in the treatment of diverticular disease. PMID- 1252776 TI - Thyroid disease and sebaceous function. AB - Sebum excretion rates (SER) were measured before and after treatment in patients with hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. The mean SER in the former was significantly less than that in normal controls but there was no correlation between SER and the severity of the disease as indicated by serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels. After treatment with L-thyroxine the SER increased but remained subnormal. By contrast the SER was not increased in patients with thyrotoxicosis and it was unaffected by treatment. The human sebaceous gland seems to respond to thyroid hormone mainly in the hypothyroid range. PMID- 1252777 TI - Whole-gut perfusion for therapeutic purgation. PMID- 1252778 TI - Severe anaphylaxis due to passive sensitisation by donor blood. PMID- 1252779 TI - Smoking tables for carbon monoxide? PMID- 1252780 TI - Hypertriglyceridaemia and abdominal pain. PMID- 1252781 TI - Ophthalmoplegic tetanus. PMID- 1252782 TI - Lymph node and hepatic granulomata associated with carcinoma. PMID- 1252783 TI - Pseudomonas endocarditis treated surgically in a patient dependent on haemodialysis. PMID- 1252784 TI - The curability of breast cancer. PMID- 1252785 TI - Otitis media. PMID- 1252786 TI - Five-and-a-half-day ophthalmic ward. PMID- 1252787 TI - Letter: Long-term digoxin treatment in general practice. PMID- 1252788 TI - Letter: Trental and peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1252789 TI - Letter: Asylums are still needed. PMID- 1252790 TI - Letter: Thyroid cancer. PMID- 1252791 TI - Letter: Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. PMID- 1252792 TI - Letter: Women in medicine. PMID- 1252793 TI - Letter: Women in psychiatry. PMID- 1252794 TI - Letter: A place to be born. PMID- 1252795 TI - Letter: Plasticity in the nervous system. PMID- 1252796 TI - Letter: Immunisation against whooping cough. PMID- 1252797 TI - Letter: High plasma calcitonin levels in breast cancer. PMID- 1252798 TI - Letter: SLE precipitated by antibiotics in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 1252799 TI - Letter: Warfarin and distalgesic interaction. PMID- 1252800 TI - Letter: Myasthenic syndrome during treatment with practolol. PMID- 1252801 TI - Letter: An unnecessary risk to children. PMID- 1252802 TI - Letter: Dukes classification of carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 1252803 TI - Letter: Computers and privacy. PMID- 1252804 TI - Editorial: Progression and regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 1252805 TI - Editorial: Crowded clinics. PMID- 1252806 TI - Editorial: Compensation for congenital defects. PMID- 1252807 TI - Editorial: Diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage. PMID- 1252808 TI - Editorial: control of diabetes and insulin antibodies. PMID- 1252809 TI - Editorial: Domiciliary oxygen in advanced chronic bronchitis. PMID- 1252810 TI - Editorial: Polycystic ovarian disease: diagnosis and management. PMID- 1252811 TI - Editorial: Health expenditure. PMID- 1252812 TI - Vertebral artery occlusion and oral contraceptives. AB - If vertebral artery occlusion occurs in degenerative arterial disease it is almost invariably left-sided, but in vertebral artery deficiency syndromes associated with oral contraceptives a striking preponderance of right-sided involvement has been shown. This observation adds support to the view that causes other than changes in the wall of the vessel at the site of occlusion must be sought as an explanation of the occlusion. PMID- 1252813 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis in Scottish maltworkers. AB - In a survey of respiratory disease in the Scottish malting industry 5.2% of employees were found to have symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. In most cases the disease was mild and not associated with any serious respiratory disability. It was significantly less common where modern mechanical methods of malting were used. Mycological and serological studies suggested that it was usually caused by a type 3 allergic reaction to Aspergillus clavatus. PMID- 1252814 TI - Epidermal architecture, growth, and metabolism in acromegaly. AB - Epidermal architecture, replication, and anabolic activity were studied in six patients with acromegaly. Patients with acromegaly had significant larger viable epidermal cells than controls. The rates of incorporation of tritiated thymidine, proline, and histidine into skin slices in vitro was also significantly increased in acromegalic patients. The mean autoradiographic labelling indices after intracutaneous injection of triated thymidine were 8.4% in the acromegalic patients and 5.1% in the control group. None of the changes observed could be closely correlated with levels of serum growth hormone. PMID- 1252815 TI - Removal of impacted rectal foreign body with obstetric forceps. PMID- 1252816 TI - Resolution of cutaneous manifestations of systemic sclerosis after haemodialysis. PMID- 1252817 TI - C3 activator and hypocomplementaemia in a "healthy" woman. PMID- 1252818 TI - Carcinoma in-situ of cervix in sisters. PMID- 1252819 TI - Aplastic anaemia and hair dye. PMID- 1252820 TI - Successful treatment of myeloma kidney by diuresis and plasmaphoresis. PMID- 1252822 TI - Improving the hospital service? PMID- 1252821 TI - Comparison of effects of metoprolol and propranolol on asthmatic airway obstruction. PMID- 1252823 TI - Modern approach to diabetes mellitus - I. PMID- 1252824 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital pharmacies. AB - The environments of hospital pharmacies and the preparations made in these pharmacies were examined for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This organism was widely distributed in the pharmacies and was isolated from 9% of preparations. In 11 instances strains of Ps aeruginosa from the preparations bore a close resemblance to strains previously found in the pharmacy environments. PMID- 1252825 TI - Constipation and soiling in childhood. PMID- 1252826 TI - Letter: Fulminating bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza. PMID- 1252827 TI - Letter: Metronidazole in appendicitis. PMID- 1252828 TI - Letter: Renal lesions in a case of septicaemia. PMID- 1252829 TI - Letter: Cancer statistics. PMID- 1252830 TI - Letter: Changing patterns of cancer. PMID- 1252831 TI - Letter: Nucleus hospitals. PMID- 1252832 TI - Letter: Psychiatric aspects of shoplifting. PMID- 1252833 TI - Letter: Cell-mediated immunity in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1252834 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. PMID- 1252835 TI - Letter: Epilepsy. PMID- 1252836 TI - Letter: Ergotamine tartrate overdose. PMID- 1252837 TI - Letter: Folic acid deficiency during intensive therapy. PMID- 1252838 TI - Letter: Getting postgraduate education right. PMID- 1252839 TI - Medical manpower. PMID- 1252840 TI - Confidentiality of medical reports. PMID- 1252841 TI - Doctors on the bench. PMID- 1252842 TI - Editorial: Student counselling. PMID- 1252843 TI - Editorial: Vitamin C and the common cold. PMID- 1252844 TI - Editorial: Tubal pregnancy and surgery. PMID- 1252845 TI - Editorial: Thoracic discs are different. PMID- 1252846 TI - Editorial: Soft contact lenses. PMID- 1252847 TI - Editorial: Oxygen in bronchial asthma. PMID- 1252848 TI - Renal disease in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a sensitive indicator of renal damage. When the urinary NAG levels of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were measured a highly significant difference was detected between the mean urinary NAG excretion of the patients with RA (341 +/- 294-92 nmol h-1 mg creatinine-1) and that of 60 matched controls (67-53 +/- 16-93 nmol h-1 mg creatinine-1). In 10 patients studied no correlation could be shown between the urinary NAG levels and levels in either serum or synovial fluid. A significant positive correlation was noted between urinary NAG excretion and disease activity as estimated by the Lansbury activity index, the Ritchie articular index, and the haemaglobin level. An abnormally raised urinary NAG excretion was detected in eight out of 20 previously untreated patients with RA, which suggested that the rheumatoid process may affect renal function. PMID- 1252849 TI - Detection of deep vein thrombosis by Doppler angiography. AB - A new technique, ultrasonic Doppler angiography, was used to examine the deep veins in 50 legs of 40 patients in which deep vein thrombosis was suspected. The results were compared with those of venography. The ultrasound method detected 30 out of 32 venographically confirmed thrombi and showed 17 out of 18 venographically proved normal deep veins. It was equally effective in detecting partial as well as totally occluding thrombi. PMID- 1252851 TI - The retroverted gravid uterus and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy. AB - Among 1954 pregnant women who booked before the end of the 14th week of gestation the uterus was retroverted in 220 (11.2%). The incidence of bleeding in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion was significantly higher in the retroverted group. Only three patients (1.4%) with a retroverted gravid uterus developed acute retention of urine. Patients with retroverted uteri did not have a higher incidence of previous infertility, nor any increase in the incidence of common obstetric abnormalities. PMID- 1252850 TI - Hormonal assessment before and after vasectomy. AB - Animal experiments have suggested that vasectomy may disturb the endocrine function of the testis. To explore this possibility in man blood was obtained from 277 men who had undergone vasectomy up to six years earlier or who were about to undergo the operation. Mean plasma testosterone concentrations seemed to be slightly higher in those who had undergone vasectomy than in the preoperative group, although this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between these two groups in the concentrations of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, or oestradiol. PMID- 1252852 TI - Lysozymuria in diabetes. AB - A reversible lysozymuria indicative of proximal tubular damage to the kidney was found in three out of five patients with diabetic ketosis, and a persistent lysozymuria was found in many patients with diabetic nephropathy. There was no relation between lysozymuria and the degree of proteinuria, and lysozymuria was not due to urinary tract infection. The degree of lysozymuria could be used to assess the severity of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 1252853 TI - Vaginal vibrator lodged in rectum. PMID- 1252854 TI - Non-ketotic diabetic precoma associated with high-dose frusemide therapy. PMID- 1252855 TI - Long-term treatment with 0-01% fluclorolone acetonide in children. PMID- 1252856 TI - Improvement in paraplegia in vertebral Paget's disease treated with calcitonin. PMID- 1252857 TI - Role of hypertension in fulminant hyperthermia-stress syndrome. PMID- 1252858 TI - Public attitudes towards kidney transplantation. AB - A representative sample of 500 members of the public was interviewed about kidney transplantation. The survey showed that despite widespread awareness of the need for kidney donors only 4.4% of the respondents had completed a donor card. The small percentage holding kidney donor cards appears to reflect a failure to inform and motivate the general public. There was no evidence of any widespread objection to the procedures involved in obtaining cadaver kidneys, but there was strong objection to the introduction by law of an "opting out" system. The findings suggest how the numbers of potential donors could be increased without changing the law as regards consent to donation. PMID- 1252859 TI - Speech problems. PMID- 1252860 TI - Letter: Curability of breast cancer. PMID- 1252861 TI - Letter: Early diagnosis of cancer in the head and neck. PMID- 1252862 TI - Reticuloendothelial phagocytosis in patients with nephritis. PMID- 1252865 TI - Letter: High-pressure medicine. PMID- 1252864 TI - Letter: Rebound effect of hyoscine butylbromide on postoperative bowel contractions. PMID- 1252866 TI - Letter: Oxytocin and neonatal jaundice. PMID- 1252867 TI - Letter: Otitis media. PMID- 1252868 TI - Letter: Failure to confirm anticonvulsant hypomagnesaemia. PMID- 1252869 TI - Letter: Support for varicose veins. PMID- 1252870 TI - Letter: Encouragement of breast-feeding. PMID- 1252871 TI - Letter: Mobile resuscitation units. PMID- 1252872 TI - Letter: Infections after splenectomy in Hodgkins's disease. PMID- 1252874 TI - Editorial: Radiation dangers and volunteers. PMID- 1252873 TI - Letter: Selective induction of labour. PMID- 1252875 TI - Editorial: Shoulder-cuff lesions. PMID- 1252876 TI - Editorial: Occult perforations. PMID- 1252877 TI - Editorial: Bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1252878 TI - Editorial: Breaking down sex barriers. PMID- 1252879 TI - Editorial: Analgesics over the counter. PMID- 1252880 TI - Prevention of congenital deformities. PMID- 1252881 TI - Randomised controlled trial of computer-held medical records in hypertensive patients. AB - A total of 278 hypertensive patients in three clinics were randomly allocated to have their medical records held in a computer system (136) or on standard hospital notes (142). For the computer system the doctor completed a structured input form, and the information on symptoms, physical findings, and diagnoses was more complete than that in the standard notes. This resulted in certain symptoms and risk factors being recognised more often when the computer system was used. The hypertension clinics' routines were not disrupted by the introduction of a computer-held system, and follow-up consultation times were not affected by the type of records kept, although the first consultation took eight minutes longer when computer documents were completed. The patients remained in the trial for one year and clinical management was assessed from blood pressure control, drop out rates, and the frequency of performing investigations. These estimates of management showed no significant difference between the two groups, but the attempt to tailor the computer system to help management made the system acceptable to the doctors using it. The computer system continues to be used and is providing data for research into hypertension. PMID- 1252882 TI - Comparative double-blind study of cephalexin and co-trimoxazole in urinary tract infections. AB - Treatment with cephalexin 1 g twiec daily and cotrimoxazole 2 tablets twice daily was compared in a double-blind, randomised study of 100 women with urinary tract infections. CO-trimoxazole gave a significantly higher cure rate compared with cephalexin two and six weeks after the one-week course of treatment. The higher failure rate with cephalexin was not related to the age of the patient, presentation, pyelographic appearances, or type of organism in the initial infection. Among the failures all but one of the organisms were sensitive to cephalexin. With the dosage regimen and duration of treatment used in this study cotrimoxazole appears to be superior to cephalexin in the management of acute urinary infections. PMID- 1252883 TI - Recurrent haematuria: role of renal biopsy and investigative morbidity. AB - The usefulness of renal biopsy in investigating unexplained haematuria was assessed by a study of 33 adults referred consecutively with this syndrome. Unequivocal abnormalities were seen on light microscopy or immunofluorescence in 31 of the 33 specimens of renal tissue examined. In 18 patients deposits of IgA were present in the mesangium. Loin pain occurred in only two of the 18 patients with mesangial IgA deposits, compared with 11 of the 15 patients without these deposits. Seven of the nine women in this series had had loin pain compared with only six of the 24 men. Thus a woman with loin pain and haematuria was not likely to have mesangial IgA nephropathy but this was found in 14 of the 18 men with unexplained painless haematuria. Failure to appreciate the role of renal biopsy in the investigation of unexplained haematuria may result in unnecessary radiology, considerable morbidity, and even in unjustified nephrectomy. PMID- 1252884 TI - Rapid glucose absorption in Arabs in Saudi Arbia compared with that in Africans in Zambia. AB - Glucose absorption rates in 14 Arabs in Saudi Arabia were determined by a jejunal perfusion technique and compared with those in 18 Africans in Zambia. None of the subjects had clinical evidence of systemic infection, gastrointestinal disease, malnutrition, or diabetes mellitus. The mean absorption rate was significantly higher in the Arabs. This was associated with a higher incidence of subclinical chronic systemic infection in the Africans. Other factors possibly responsible for the difference, including genetic difference, have, however, not been excluded. PMID- 1252885 TI - Factitious hypercalcaemia. PMID- 1252886 TI - Errors in using clinical thermometers. PMID- 1252887 TI - Explosion during halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 1252888 TI - Diaphragmatic paralysis after supraclavicular puncture of subclavian vein. PMID- 1252889 TI - Small infant thymus in cases of fatal feto-maternal transfusion. PMID- 1252890 TI - Lumbar spondylosis and neuropathic bladder: investigation of 73 patients with chronic urinary symptoms. AB - Seventy-three patients presented with either chronic urinary symptoms such as incontinence, retention, and recurrent urinary infection or chronic low back pain and neurogenic claudication. Lumbar spondylosis was considered to be the major cause of the urological and skeletal symptoms; the diagnosis of a neuropathic bladder depended as much on features in the history as on the results of urological and neurological investigations. The preoperative demonstration of significant lumbar spondylosis was often difficult, but decompressive laminectomy in 34 patients produced relief of urinary symptoms and improvement in bladder function in 75%. PMID- 1252891 TI - Pets in hospitals. PMID- 1252893 TI - The open hospital ajar. PMID- 1252892 TI - Mortality of bereavement. AB - The death rate of a group of 87 widowers and 279 widows was followed for two years from the death of their spouses. The life tables for England and Wales 1970 2 indicated that the expected number of deaths would be 6 men and 11 women. The actual numbers (9 men and 11 women, 5.5%) were not significantly different, though there were more widowers' deaths during the first six months of bereavement. There was no significantly greater mortality among those whose spouses had died in hospital; but when this had occurred the health of the second spouse was likely to have been poorer than that of those whose spouses had died at home. PMID- 1252894 TI - Squint. PMID- 1252895 TI - The North Sea. PMID- 1252896 TI - Letter: Specialities within community medicine. PMID- 1252897 TI - Letter: Early detection of growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 1252899 TI - Letter: Support for varicose veins. PMID- 1252898 TI - Letter: Psychiatric aspects of shoplifting. PMID- 1252901 TI - Letter: Fluoridation and the government. PMID- 1252900 TI - Letter: Curability of breast cancer. PMID- 1252902 TI - Letter: Normotensive phaeochromocytoma with hypercalcaemia. PMID- 1252903 TI - Letter: Vaginal candidosis. PMID- 1252904 TI - Letter: Post-alcoholic hypoglycaemia in a child. PMID- 1252905 TI - Mental patients and the vote. PMID- 1252906 TI - Distribution of direct Y-cell inputs to the cat's superior colliculus: are there spatial gradients? PMID- 1252907 TI - The effects of norethynodrel on the visual cortex of rats exposed to differential environments: a preliminary study of electrolytes and water. PMID- 1252908 TI - Transmission of corticospinal IPSPs to cat forelimb motoneurones via high cervical propriospinal neurones and La inhibitory interneurones. PMID- 1252909 TI - Physiological properties of the newly formed cortico-rubral synapses of red nucleus neurons due to collateral sprouting. PMID- 1252910 TI - Effect of morphine on single unit responses in ventrobasal complex (VB) and posterior nuclear group (PO) following tooth pulp stimulation. PMID- 1252911 TI - Changes of skin nerve sympathetic activity during induction of general anaesthesia with thiopentone in man. PMID- 1252912 TI - Peptide regulation of neuronal membrane properties. PMID- 1252913 TI - Amnesic effect of cycloheximide not due to depletion of a consitutive brain protein with short half-life. PMID- 1252914 TI - Evidence that beta-bungarotoxin acts at the exterior of nerve terminals. PMID- 1252915 TI - Hippocampal theta rhythm. I. Depth profiles in the curarized rat. AB - Systemic injection of curare changes the depth profile of theta rhythm seen in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat. Under curare, dorsoventral microelectrode advancement reveals the presence of a sudden phase reversal and null occurring at the level of the stratum radiatum of CA1. Further advancement reveals the presence of an amplitude peak in the vicinity of the hippocampal fissure. In addition to the change in depth profile, curare alters the relationship between the amplitudes of the two phasereversed components of the theta rhythm. The change in theta rhythm brought about by curare outlasts the paralytic effect of the drug. PMID- 1252916 TI - Further studies on the cortical connections of the Tegu lizard. AB - The efferent fiber connections of the caudal half of the cerebral cortex, the lateral cortex and the pallial thickening were studied using the Nauta-Gygax and Fink-Heimer techniques. The following observations were made, (1) In the caudal half of the hemisphere corticoseptal and corticohypothalamic fibers originate from the small-celled part of the mediodorsal cortex and the thickened caudal part of the dorsal cortex in its whole mediolateral extent. (2) The dorsal cortex in the middle of the hemisphere projects by way of both the pre- and postcommissural fornices. Its rostral pole distributes its fibers solely to the postcommissural fornix, whereas its caudal part projects via the precommissural fornix. (3) The posterior pallial commissure carries fibers that arise caudally in the small-celled part of the mediodorsal cortex and terminate in the contralateral ventral cortex. (4) Projections to the dorsal striatum originate from the lateral cortex, the dorsal cortex and the superficial portion of the pallial thickening. In addition, the latter two zones project to the nucleus accumbens. (5) The deep portion of the pallial thickening projects to the ventral striatum. PMID- 1252917 TI - Brain stem neurons that fire selectively to a conditioned stimulus for shock. AB - In the brain stem reticular formation of rats, 10 neurons (1 in each of 10 animals) were found that responded by an increase in activity to a CS paired with foot shock but not to a neutral CS nor to a CS signalling the delivery of water to a thirsty rat. Nine of these neurons showing a conditioned response to shock (CR-S cells) were clustered in the region of nucleus pontis caudalis; the other CR-S cell was localized to nucleus gigantocellularis. The possibility that the increase in firing to the CS for shock was an unconditioned response to the specific stimulus used as this CS was controlled for. No correlation was observed between the activity of CR-S cells and gross movements of the rat. The data suggest that neurons in the pontine reticular region of the brain stem may participate in the reaction of a rat to an aversive situation such as fear. PMID- 1252918 TI - Stimulation of rat medial or sulcal prefrontal cortex during passive avoidance learning selectively influences retention performance. AB - Low-level unilateral electrical stimulation was delivered during passive avoidance learning through a bipolar electrode to the prefrontal cortex of the adult albino rat. No brain stimulation was applied during a retention test measured 24 h later. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex stimulation produced retention impairment over and above that observed with chronic electrode implantation. Sulcal cortex stimulation, in contrast, actually attenuated the retention deficit produced by chronic implantation in the sulcal cortex. Stimulation of an afferent common to both prefrontal regions, the dorsomedial thalamus, resulted in retention disruption, but stimulation of another common afferent, the locus coeruleus, did not. Acquisition of the inhibitory response was not affected by stimulation of any of the above brain regions. The present results demonstrate, again, that the functional role in memory of particular brain regions can be dissected by low-level electrical stimulation. The functional separation of rat sulcal and medial cortices revealed by the effects of stimulation suggests that these prefrontal subfields subserve different functions in the information storage process. PMID- 1252919 TI - Effects of glutamic acid relatives on the electrical activity of an identified molluscan giant neurone (Achatina fulica Ferussac). AB - Effects of glutamic acid and its relatives were examined on the electrical activity of two kinds of neurones (the PON, periodically oscillating neurone, and the TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) identified in the suboesophageal ganglia of an African giant snail, Achatina fulica Ferussac. L- and D-Glu, L-Asp, Gly and beta-Ala did not show any effect on the two neurones. However, beta hydroxyglutamic acid (BHGA) showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on the PON. Erythro-L-BHGA had the strongest effect of these stereoisomers, and the critical concentration of this substance to produce the effect was 10(-6)-3 X 10(-5) g/ml (6-18 muM) when administered in the bath application. We confirmed by the microdrop application that erythro-L-BHGA directly hyperpolarized the PON neuromembrane. When the curve of current-voltage relationships (I-V curve) of the PON neuromembrane measured under erythro-L-BHGA at 10(-5) g/ml (61 muM) was superimposed on the curve of the normal state using the firing level as the common standard, these two curves showed concordance in a wide range of membrane polarization level. This concordance implies that the membrane resistance was maintained normally under erythro-L-BHGA at this concentration. A higher concentration of 10(-4) g/ml (0.61 mM) of this substance caused a decrease of PON membrane resistance and a remarkable elevation of its firing level. The TAN was not sensitive to BHGA, but sensitive to GABA and its derivatives. PMID- 1252920 TI - Anatomical, physiological and biochemical studies on the cerebellum from mutant mice. III. Protein differences associated with the weaver, staggerer and nervous mutations. AB - The protein composition of subcellular fractions of the cerebella of normal and weaver, staggerer and nervous mutant mice and of X-irradiated rats are studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. The patterns observed are compared with those of granular and Purkinje cells purified from rat cerebella. In particulate fractions from weaver and X-irradiated rat cerebella, several protein bands are missing. These bands are present in purified rat granular cells. The most obvious deficit concerns a nuclear protein of apparent molecular weight 30,000, presumably the F1 histone. In these agranular cerebella the total DNA content is approximately 7 times lower than in the control animals and the DNA to protein ratio decreases approximately by a factor of two. In the cerebella from homozygous staggerer and nervous mutant mice, where the Purkinje cells are either abnormal or absent, a protein of apparent molecular weight 400,000 is markedly reduced. This membrane-bound protein is present in preparations of purified Purkinje cells. PMID- 1252921 TI - Single unit study of binaural interaction in the auditory cortex of the chinchilla. AB - The primary aim of this investigation was to systematically compare for various stimulus conditions the relative influences of contralateral and ipsilateral acoustic stimulation on cortical single units in an unanesthetized preparation and to study the effects upon single unit responses of the dominant stimulus cues for sound localization--interaural intensity difference (deltaI) and interaural time difference (deltat). Recordings were obtained from 133 units in chinchillas immobilized by gallamine triethiodide. All units were found to be influenced by input from both ears. Unit thresholds for contralateral stimulation were lower and more discharges were elicited than for ipsilateral stimulation over a range of intensities from unit threshold intensity to 80 dB sound-pressure level. A predominance of contralateral influence was also observed when the number of stimulus-evoked discharges was plotted as a function of the deltaI or deltat. For 62% of the deltaI functions maximal responsiveness occurred for binaural stimuli that were more intense at the contralateral ear. Similarly, of the 36 units that showed sensitivity to deltat parameters for tone stimuli, 22 (61%) were maximally responsive at the contralateral-leading deltat intervals. For click stimuli, maximal responsiveness for all 21 deltat-sensitive units also occured for contralateral-leading stimuli. Certain observations in the study question the generality of the hypothesis that a particular cell invariantly encodes a specific deltat, i.e., that cells have 'characteristic delays'. First, most units tested at more than two frequencies showed maximal responsiveness at different deltat intervals depending upon stimulus frequency. Second, the deltat intervals for maximal responsiveness for half of the units tested were greater than the maximal interaural delays the animal could encounter naturally. Third, deltat functions from the same unit for click and tone stimuli showed poor correspondence. These findings suggest that the encoding of interaural time and intensity might depend on an inter-hemispheric comparison of the activity of neural populations as originally proposed by von Bekesy. PMID- 1252922 TI - Granule neurons and their significance in preparations of isolated brain cell nuclei. PMID- 1252923 TI - The autoradiographic localization of L-(3H) glutamate in synaptosomal preparations. PMID- 1252924 TI - Localization of calcium deposits in the frog neuromuscular junction at rest and following stimulation. PMID- 1252925 TI - Role of muscular afferents in the inhibition of the antagonist motor nucleus during a voluntary contraction in man. PMID- 1252926 TI - Pimozide-induced extinction of intracranial self-stimulation: response patterns rule out motor or performance deficits. PMID- 1252927 TI - Decreased conduction velocity in the proximal projections of myelinated dorsal root ganglion cells in the cat. PMID- 1252928 TI - Mechanisms of the stereotyped high-frequency burst in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vitro. PMID- 1252929 TI - Pyramidal activation of the facial nucleus in the cat. PMID- 1252930 TI - Patterns of retinal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus of rats with induced unilateral congenital eye defects. PMID- 1252931 TI - Effects of tooth pulp stimulation in trigeminal nucleus caudalis and adjacent reticular formation in rat. PMID- 1252932 TI - Endogenous bursting in Tritonia neurons at low temperature. PMID- 1252933 TI - Diencephalic efflux of 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ ions in the febrile cat: effect of an antipyretic. PMID- 1252934 TI - Potassium activity in cerebral cortex in rats during progressive severe hypoglycemia. PMID- 1252935 TI - Thalamic mechanisms that process a temporal pulse code for pain. AB - The sequential ordering of spikes emitted by single thalamic neurons which respond to noxious stimulation was studied using rats anesthetized with a mixture of alpha-chloralose and urethane. An electrical stimulus applied to the sciatic nerve contralateral to the thalamic recording site fired single thalamic SII neurons with a short latency spike burst and with long latency spikes which occurred at relatively fixed intervals. On repetition of stimulation, the short latency spike burst formed a high amplitude peak on sequential spike density histograms (I of Fig. 2B); the long latency spikes formed peaks of relatively low amplitude (M1, M2, M3 of Fig. 2B). Histograms of touch and light pressure relay neurons found within the thalamic SII differed conspicuously from that of Fig. 2B. Further experiments revealed that the I peak contained frequency coded information about the stimulus intensity, whereas the M peaks with their temporal relationship to the I peak coded information pertaining to a particular sensory modality. The M peaks are formed by timed firing in a positive feedback loop found between the thalamic SII and the nucleus centrum medianum-nucleus parafascicularis (CM-Pf) neurons. Consequently, the M peaks can be abolished without losing the I peak by a lesion placed in a portion of the CM-Pf complex or by the administration or morphine which is able to disorganize the timing mechanism of the feedback loop. Therefore, it is reasonably certain that the modality coded by the M peaks is pain. PMID- 1252936 TI - Electrophysiological identification of pontomedullary reticular neurons directly projecting into dorsal column nuclei. AB - In cats 'encephale isole', cerebellectomized and curarized, neurons projecting from the bulbopontine reticular formation to the cuneate nucleus were identified by stimulating their axons in this nucleus by means of Eide micropipettes and by recording both field potential and antidromic responses from single somata in the nucleus gigantocellularis. Of 130 neurons responsive to cuneate stimulation, 17 (12%) were found that were antidromically activated. The small proportion of antidromic responses might reflect the small size of the projection pathway. However, there are reasons to believe that a certain number of neurons might have been missed because of biasing factors introduced by the microstimulation technique. Neurons that were activated orthodromically were also observed, responding after latencies spread over rather wide ranges. The possible pathways for this activation are discussed. PMID- 1252937 TI - Localization of function in corpus callosum: tactual information transmission in Macaca mulatta. AB - Different portions of the corpus callosum were transected in 28 juvenile rhesus monkeys. These animals were then taught a tactual roughness discrimination task while using their right hands and tested for transfer of training while using their left. Animals with some part of the posterior body region of the corpus callosum preserved exhibited intermediate or high levels of transfer of training. Animals with other portions of the commissures preserved, including the splenium, the anterior body, the genu, and/or the anterior commissure but with the posterior body region transected generally failed to show such transfer. It is concluded that tactual information is transmitted between the hemispheres through the posterior body region of the corpus callosum. PMID- 1252938 TI - Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of transcortical polarizing current: comparison with the behaviorally determined characteristics of learning. AB - Passage of polarizing current through the cerebral cortex, with the anode at the surface (Anp), produces neurophysiological changes which may be related to those which occur during learning. This relationship was evaluated at the visual cortex of unanesthetized, Sprague-Dawley rats, under a number of experimental conditions, with chronic light flash (LF)-evoked electrocortical response recording and LF-shock avoidance. During experimental treatments electrophysiologically studied animals received either 30 paired presentations of Anp and LF or parametrically equal, unpaired presentations; behaviorally studied animals received either these treatments or 30 presentations of LF alone. Each LF presentation contained 15 LF at the rate of one/sec. Anp presentations consisted of a 15-sec rise of current from 0 to 9 muA/sq.mm, 15 sec of steady 9 muA/sq.mm, and a 15-sec period of current decrease from 9 back to 0 muA/sq.mm. Each presentation was separated from the next by a randomized interval of 45-120 sec. Paired Anp and LF produced large waves (50 muV or greater) in the late negative phase of the evoked response. These waves appeared towards the end of pairings, were evident in recordings made 48 h after pairings and again diminished, but rapidly reappeared when pairings were reintroduced. Anpp and LF pairings also produced a 55% decrease in the number of trials needed to reach criterion on the LF-shock avoidance task as compared to the performance of the group treated with LF alone. Unpaired Anp and LF had no discernable electrophysiological or behavioral effects. PMID- 1252939 TI - Anesthetic-dependent field potential interactions in the olfactory bulb. AB - The effect of anesthetic upon olfactory bulb field potentials evoked by paired stimuli to the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) was examined in male rats. Experiments were performed on rats anesthetized with urethane or barbiturates and on unanesthetized rats with midcollicular brain stem sections. Anesthetic doses of urethane (1.5 g/kg) produced an increse in the test response for condition test intervals of 15-60 msec or more. With barbiturate anesthesia there was a decrease in the test response for all intershock intervals up to 150 msec. In unanesthetized rats with midbrain sections there was an increase in the test response with low intensity shock pairs and a decrease in the test response with high intensity shock pairs. Simultaneous use of both anesthetics produced either an increase or a decrease in the test response, depending upon the relative doses and upon the stimulus intensity. Paired stimuli to the olfactory nerve produced results similar to those with LOT stimulation. Augmentation of the olfactory bulb field potential produced by paired olfactory nerve shocks was not abolished by lesions which sectioned the LOT and produced extensive damage of the anterior olfactory nucleus. PMID- 1252940 TI - The periaqueductal gray: site of morphine analgesia and tolerance as shown by 2 way cross tolerance between systemic and intracerebral injections. AB - The periaqueductal gray was shown to be an important component of morphine analgesia and tolerance. Two-way analgesic cross tolerance was obtained between systemic and intracerebral morphine administrations when the intracerebral site was the periaqueductal gray. Rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal morphine and tested with intracerebral morphine in the periaqueductal gray. A dose dependent reduction in analgesia as a function of morphine pretreatment level was obtained. Conversely, when rats were pretreated with intracerebral morphine in the periaqueductal gray and tested with intraperitoneal morphine, significant reductions in analgesia were obtained. PMID- 1252941 TI - Compartments and barriers in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit. AB - Near constant concentration of various radioactively labelled polar nonelectrolytes were maintained in the blood plasma of renal ligated rabbits. The uptake of [14C]urea, [51Cr]EDTA and [14C]inulin into sciatic nerve was interpreted in terms of a two-compartment model. There was a rapidly equilibrating space representing about 20% of the tissue weight which is almost certainly the interstitial fluid of the epineurium and outer layers of the perineurium. Urea penetrated the blood-nerve barrier at a similar rate to the entry of this compound into brain. Sucrose, chromium-EDTA and sulphate passed into the true interstitial fluid approaching a total volume of distribution of about 36% of the tissue weight at 6-8 h. Since movement of these 3 solutes is severely restricted by the blood-barrier, the blood-nerve barrier in the rabbit must contain channels of greater than 1 nm which are not present in the developed blood-brain barrier. Uptake of [3H]3-O-methylglucose into nerve was examined but the results did not give a conclusive answer to the question of whether there is specific transport of sugars at the blood-nerve barrier. The wet nerve contained (in mmole/kg) sodium 74.3; potassium 42.6 and chloride 48.8. Water was 64.6 ml/100 g. Intracellular electrolyte concentrations were estimated. Approximately 30% of the total sodium content cannot be accounted for as being free in the interstitial fluid at a Gibbs-Donnan distribution with plasma. Analysis of metabolically poisoned nerves which have equilibrated with salt solution in vitro suggests that negatively charged polyelectrolyte molecules retain about 14 mmole of sodium/kg wet normal nerve. PMID- 1252942 TI - Histogenesis of retina in the clawed frog with implications for the pattern of development of retinotectal connections. PMID- 1252943 TI - Relationships between two types of thalamic unit patterned discharges and cortical spindle waves. PMID- 1252945 TI - Characteristics of cat's eye saccades in different states of alertness. PMID- 1252944 TI - Control of excitability and threshold in the thalamocortical motor system of the cat by cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 1252946 TI - Lesion of the anterior raphe nuclei in the newborn kitten and the effects on sleep. PMID- 1252947 TI - Radioautographic visualization of central catecholamine neurons in newborn rat after intravenous administration of tritiated norepinephrine. PMID- 1252948 TI - Brain glutamic acid decarboxylase and open field activity in ten inbred strains of mice. PMID- 1252949 TI - Osmosensitive neurons in the rat's dorsal midbrain. AB - In experiment 1, multiple unit recordings were taken simultaneously from lateral preoptic and dorsal midbrain areas during a series of intracarotid hypertonic and isotonic NaCl injections. Subjects were 15 hooded rats (11 males and 4 ovariectomized females) under urethane anesthesia. Results showed that the neuronal reactions to a series of hypertonic NaCl injections (0.30 M, 0.45 M, 0.60 M and 0.75 M) were at least as strong in the dorsal midbrain as in the lateral preoptic area. Strength of neuronal reaction correlated with osmolarity of the NaCl solution injected. Control isotonic NaCl injections were ineffective, and the (monitored) force of injection was found not to affect the results. In experiment 2 with 15 hooded rats (9 males and 6 ovariectomized females), and two male Wistar rats under urethane anesthesia, recording from dorsal midbrain units were made during intracarotid injections of hypertonic and isotonic NaCl solutions. In addition, other sensory stimulations, including tail pinches, were presented. Of the 52 units studied, 39 cells (75%) reacted to injections of hypertonic NaCl, but not the isotonic (control) solution (Normosol-R). Again, strength of neuronal reaction correlated with osmolarity of the NaCl solution injected, and force of injections was found not to influence results. Eleven cells reacted to hypertonic NaCl injections but not to tail pinch. This and other evidence indicated that certain dorsal midbrain cells were specifically osmosensitive, and not merely showing general 'arousal' reactions to the injections. These results indicate that, for the rat, the osmosensitive zone extends into the midbrain. The functional significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1252950 TI - Relation of uptake and metabolism of (1,2,6,7-3H)testosterone to individual differences in sexual behavior in male guinea pigs. AB - Male guinea pigs were given 3 tests for sexual behavior. Animals that never ejaculated were classified as low activity (LA), animals that ejaculated on one test were classified as medium activity (MA), and animals that ejaculated on two or more tests were classified as high activity (HA). Subsequently, animals from each group were castrated and given an s.c. injection of 43 muCi of [1,2,6,7 3H]testosterone and were killed 0.5, 1, or 4 h after injection. There were no significant differences in uptake or metabolism of radioactive testosterone among LA, MA, and HA males in homogenates of anterior and posterior hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, midbrain, or seminal vesicle. Thus, differences in sexual behavior could not be attributed to differences in testosterone uptake in tissue homogenates. At the 1 h time interval (time of peak plasma radioactivity), radioactivity in the seminal vesicles of all males was primarily in the form of steroids with the chromatographic mobility of dihydrotestosterone. In all males, anterior and posterior hypothalamus contained a higher proportion of steroids with the mobility of testosterone than did midbrain, and midbrain contained more testosterone zone radioactivity than cerebral cortex at 1 h. The highest proportion of dihydrotestosterone zone radioactivity in neural tissues was found in anterior hypothalamus. These results are discussed in terms of androgenic mediation of sex behavior by the anterior hypothalamus in guinea pigs. PMID- 1252951 TI - A pressor response to intraventricular injections of carbachol. PMID- 1252952 TI - Specific release of endogenous glutamate from piriform cortex stimulated in vitro. PMID- 1252953 TI - Differential decrease of GABA in the substantia nigra and other discrete regions of the rabbit brain during the preictal period of methoxypyridoxine-induced seizures. PMID- 1252954 TI - Acetylcholine: postmortem increases in rat brain regions. PMID- 1252955 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of nervous system specific protein (NSP-R) in rat brain. PMID- 1252956 TI - Aberrant myelination of synapse. PMID- 1252957 TI - An electrophysiological study of amygdalohypothalamic projections to the ventromedial nucleus of the rat. AB - The influence of the amygdala on the activity of single neurons within the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (HVM) was studied in pentobarbital or urethane anesthetized rats. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Stimulation of different amygdaloid nuclei or of the stria terminalis (ST) evoked a prominent field potential within HVM and altered the spike discharge patterns of the majority of HVM neurons. (2) More than 80% of 428 HVM neurons tested with single amygdala shocks exhibited excitation or excitation-inhibition sequences; the remainder displayed inhibitory responses of 100-150 msec duration at latencies slightly longer than for most of the observed excitatory responses. ST stimulation also evoked excitation or excitation-inhibition sequences from 85% of 240 HVM neurons tested; of the remainder, those with spontaneous activity displayed inhibitory responses with durations of 100-150 msec at latencies slightly longer than for most observed excitatory responses. (3) Evoked potential interaction studies suggested that stimulation of either ST or the amygdala activated the same population of HVM neurons. Single cells tested with both amygdala and ST stimulation displayed similar patterns of response. HVM field potentials and single unit responses to amygdala stimulation were markedly diminished by lesions of ST. Thus, in the rat, only one pathway, i.e., the stria terminalis, contains amygdalofugal fibres to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. (4) The orthodromic responses of HVM neurons were dependent on the frequency of amygdala stimulation. Less than 50% of HVM neurons responded to amygdala stimuli at frequencies greater than 33Hz. Many cells could not be activated at stimulation frequencies greater than 10 Hz, and the spontaneous discharges from certain HVM neurons were effectively abolished at this stimulation frequency. (5) Evidence of prominent postsynaptic inhibition was present throughout HVM. Seventeen HVM neurons displayed amygdala evoked unitary activity different from that of the majority of HVM neurons, and these cells were considered to represent possible inhibitory neurons. In contrast to most HVM neurons activated via probable monosynaptic amygdalohypothalamic pathways, these putative inhibitory neurons were apparently activated via polysynaptic pathways. (6) In summary, these results suggest that the amygdala exerts a prominent monosynaptic influence on the activity of many HVM neurons, coupled with polysynaptic activation of powerful local postsynaptic inhibitory mechanism. In the rat, these amygdala evoked events depend on the integrity of the stria terminalis. PMID- 1252958 TI - Tuberoinfundibular neurons in the basomedial hypothalamus of the rat: electrophysiological evidence for axon collaterals to hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic areas. AB - In pentobarbital or urethane anesthetized rats, the activity of 889 mediobasal hypothalamic neurons was studied for evidence of a response to median eminence stimulation. Evidence of antidromic invasion, which indicated a projection to the median eminence, identified 134 cells (15%) as 'tuberoinfundibular' neurons. Antidromic spike latencies ranged from 0.5 to 14.0 msec (4.3 +/- 2.9 S.D.); conduction velocities were under 1.0 m/sec and were generally slower for tuberoinfundibular neurons located closest to the ventral surface of the hypothalamus. Certain tuberoinfundibular neurons followed paired median eminence shocks at frequencies up to 500 Hz; an increase in both the threshold and the latency for the second antidromic spike was observed with interstimulus intervals under 4 msec. Only 38% of tuberoinfundibular neurons were spontaneously active; 24 of 29 spontaneously active neurons displayed evidence of recurrent inhibition with durations up to 150 msec and at latencies which approximated that of the antidromic spike but which did not depend upon antidromic invasion. Similar responses were observed from 33 spontaneously active non-tuberoinfundibular neurons. Evidence of orthodromic excitation in response to median eminence shocks was observed from 22 other medial hypothalamic neurons. Latencies for excitation ranged from 1.5 to 9.0 msec (mean 4.5 +/- 2.1 S.D.). Simultaneous antidromic invasion from other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic sites was observed from 8 tuberoinfundibular neurons. These sites included the anterior hypothalamic area (2 cells), the preoptic area (3 cells) and the thalamic nucleus medialis dorsalis (3 cells). These results indicate the presence of axon collaterals within the tuberoinfundibular system; some appear to terminate locally within the hypothalamus, while others extend rostrally and dorsally into extrahypothalamic areas. These connections may provide pathways for extrahypothalamic distribution of peptides which regulate adenohypophyseal secretion, and suggest that these peptides may subserve alternate regulatory roles within the central nervous system. PMID- 1252959 TI - Asymmetry of motility of the eyes and change of binocular properties of cortical cells in adult cats. AB - Immobilization of one eye in the adult cat following section of the oculomotor cranial nerves causes a decrease of the proportion of binocularly activated cells in the striate cortex. This change in the binocular properties of cortical cells also takes place if the animal is deprived of vision from the day on which the nerves are cut to the day of the electrophysiological recording. No similar change in the proportion of binocular cortical cells is observed in cats where both eyes have been immobilized. PMID- 1252960 TI - Prefrontal unit activity and delayed response: relation to cue location versus direction of response. AB - Two monkeys were trained to perform 3 kinds of spatial tasks (right-left DR, up down DR, and conditional position discrimination with delay). In the conditional position task, the animal was required to respond to the right (left) choice key when the cue had been presented on the upper (lower) position. Single unit activity was recorded from the principalis area of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while the animal was performing the tasks. Once a differential delay unit (i.e., unit showing specificity during the delay period for two kinds of trials) was found in right-left DR (or up-down DR), the same unit was tested in the other tasks. A total of 32 differential delay units were investigated sufficiently to allow comparison of all 3 conditions. The results indicate that there are two types of differential delay units. The first type showed a clear dependence on the cue location, while the second type was related to the direction of the impending response. Activity of the second type of differential delay unit during the delay period served to predict the occurrence of errors, whereas this relation between unit discharge and correct or incorrect responses was not seen for the first type of differential delay unit. PMID- 1252961 TI - Frontal-striatal control of behavioral inhibition in the rat. AB - The direct application of crystalline dopamine, D-amphetamine or scopolamine in microgram quantities to the ventral anterior region of the corpus striatum (VAS) of rats increased their responding for food on a modified DRL-30 sec schedule of reinforcement. Similar applications of norepinephrine were less effective than dopamine, while the anticholinesterase eserine depressed responding. Electrolytic lesions of the ventrolateral, but not the dorsomedial, prefrontal cortex of rats also increased their response rates. These results were interpreted as being consistent with the idea of a dopamine-acetylcholine antagonism in the VAS whose net output modulate behavioral inhibition. This striatal mechanism may be influenced by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. PMID- 1252963 TI - [Use of lithium salts in psychiatric therapy]. PMID- 1252962 TI - [Total blood cholesterol and its fractions. Epidemiological considerations]. PMID- 1252964 TI - [Clinical, mycological, and histopathological study of African histoplasmosis]. PMID- 1252965 TI - The preparation and characterization of ALS against subpopulations of mouse and guinea pig lymphocytes. PMID- 1252966 TI - The inhibitory effect of ALS against subpopulations of mouse and ginea pig lymphocytes on the formation of SRFC. PMID- 1252967 TI - Beta-glucosidase activity in potato roots and its possible role in plant tissue response to Heterodera rostochiensis. PMID- 1252968 TI - The study of human dentine with secondary ion microscopy and electron diffraction. AB - The highly polished surface of serial transverse ground sections of human coronal dentine were coated under vacuum with an aluminium grid and studied with a SMI 300 ion microanalyser (Cameca, Paris) based on mass spectrography. Secondary ion microscopy demonstrated a qualitative distribution of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium. A higher content in Ca, P and Mg was noted in peritubular dentine. Selective area electron diffreaction patterns of this zone, using LiF as standard, showed the presence of whitlockite in peritubular dentine where about 1% in weight of magnesium seemed to be incorporated. PMID- 1252969 TI - The growth of calcium phosphates on natural enamel. AB - The kinetics of growth of calcium phosphate on seed materials prepared from human tooth enamel has been studied at 25 degrees C and pH 7.40 in stable supersaturated solutions of calcium phosphate. The grown material was characterized chemically, by specific surface area (SSA) measurements and by subsequent dissolution experiments. The marked increase in SSA in the early stages of the precipitation reaction parallel the results obtained with synthetic hydroxyapatite seed crystals and the results of the dissolution experiments indicate a chemical composition close to that of octacalcium phosphate for this intermediate phase. At low supersaturation it is possible to avoid the formation of the precursor phase. PMID- 1252970 TI - Age related Ca-Mg content and strength in turkey tendon. AB - The age related variation in magnesium and calcium content and mechanical properties of turkey tendon from ages 9-14 weeks has been studied. The results show that magnesium content decreases with age during this period and calcium content remains essentially constant. This is in accord with a previously proposed mechanism of calcification, namely, that the local concentration of magnesium and calcium may be an important factor relating to the initiation of calcification in a given tissue. The tensile strength of the turkey tendon has been found to decrease with age during the precalcified period of 9-12 weeks, after which there is an increase in tensile strength coincident with the onset of calcification. The ultimate elongation decrease of approximately 4% between 9 and 13 weeks is attributed to the difference in extensibility of the "wavy" collagen fibers observed in uncalcified turkey tendon vis a vis the straight fiber bundles in turkey tendon specimens observed at the onset of calcification. PMID- 1252971 TI - The effects of age on baroreceptor reflex function in man. AB - The relationship of age to baroreceptor reflex activity was determined in 35 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 19 to 65 years. Intra-arterial catheters were placed and blood pressure and pulse rate responses of each subject were observed during a Valsalva maneuver (31 subjects) and during the Pressor Test (33 subjects). The Valsalva maneuver consisted of a forced expiration sufficient to raise a column of mercury 40 torr for 10 seconds. This resulted in a reduction in pulse pressure (Baroreceptor stimulus) during the maneuver followed by a transient overshoot in diatolic pressure (response) following its termination. In comparison to younger subjects, older subjects had a greater reduction in pulse pressure but similar overshoot in diastolic pressure. The pressor test consisted of observing the effect of increasing systolic blood pressure (stimulus) on pulse duration (response) following the intravenous administration of phynylephrine. By relating each systolic pressure to the immediately succeeding R-R interval, a linear relationship was found. Its slope expressed in milliseconds of R-R interval change per torr increase in systolic pressure is an index of baroreflex function. Older subjects have less cardiac slowing compared to younger subjects and a hyperbolic relationship exists between age and slope (r = 0.84, p less than 0.05). These tests indicate that baroreceptor reflex function decreases with aging. PMID- 1252972 TI - Control, monitor and alarm system for clinical application of a membrane oxygenator. AB - Membrane oxygenators, now commercially available, are undergoing clinical trials as long-term (days) respiratory support devices for patients in potentially reversible respiratory failure. However, these devices must be used in an integrated system of controls, monitors and alarms if they are to be reliable and easy to operate in the clinical environment. This paper describes such a system. The tubing circuits for blood and for oxygen are described first. Next, details of the blood pump controls are presented. The system features servo control of pump speed to match blood inflow, and deactivation of the pump in the case of excessive output pressure. Gas circuit controls are described which allow the independent adjustment of both oxygen flow through the gas phase of the membrane lung and oxygen pressure developed at the inlet gas port. Audible alarms are provided for low blood inflow to the system, excessive blood outflow pressure, changes in oxygen flow and failure of the electric power supply to the system. In addition to pressure and flow monitors in the blood and gas circuits, blood oxygen saturation is continuously monitored at both input and output of the system. The membrane oxygenator system has proved to be reliable and easy to operate in both animal and human long-term perfusions. PMID- 1252973 TI - Carbon dioxide output in anaesthesia. AB - In a Mapleson D circuit the carbon dioxide content of gases, sampled at the breathing bag or near the bellows of the ventilator, is virtually constant throughout the phases of respiration. Assuming that after induction of anaesthesia the fresh gas inflow, if kept constant, is essentially equal in volume to the gas vented at the expiratory valve, CO2 output can be calculated by multiplying the fresh gas inflow by the CO2 content of the vented gas measured with a suitable CO2 analyzer. Anaesthesia with nitrous oxide-oxygen, supplemented with low doses of alphaprodine or halothane was compared in two groups of young patients who underwent dental surgery and who were breathing spontaneously. While the CO2 output in the group supplemented with alphaprodine increased from about 100 to 130 ml/m2/min, the halothane group showed a constant CO2 output of about 90 ml/m2/min followed by a significant rise within 5 minutes after halothane was discontinued. In 42 patients on controlled ventilation, no significant difference was found in the CO2 output estimated one hour after induction of anaesthesia in nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia supplemented by halothane, ethrane or alphaprodine. The values obtained were 87 +/- 11 ml/m2/min for halothane (11 patients), 98 +/- 19 ml/m2/min for ethrane (14) and 93 +/- 13 ml/m2/min for the narcotic supplemented anaesthesia (17). The mean CO2 output for all 42 patients was 93 +/- 14 ml/m2/min. Six markedly obese patients under the same anaesthetic technique had a CO2 output of 114 +/- 17 ml/m2/min; however, their CO2 output was similar to normal patients when calculated on the basis of body weight. A marked increase in CO2 output to a mean of 160 +/- 25 ml/m2/min was found in eight patients undergoing operation while on hyperalimentation. The technique described appears suitable to monitor CO2 output under anaesthesia. In order to avoid hypercarbia when using a partial rebreathing system, the fresh gas inflow must be increased above recommended values in cases with increased metabolic activity (e.g. patients receiving hyperalimentation). In obese patients the fresh gas inflow should be calculated on the basis of body weight. PMID- 1252974 TI - Dobutamine and general anaesthesia: a study of the response of arterial pressure, heart rate and renal blood flow. AB - The effects of dobutamine, a new catecholamine, have been studied during anaesthesia with halothane, halothane and nitrous oxide and alphaprodine. Renal blood flow is increased by dobutamine as are mean arterial pressure and heart rate. The increase in rate is less marked during alphaprodine anaesthesia than when halothane is administered. Dobutamine may prove a useful agent in the management of acute circulatory failure but it is capable of inducing dysrhythmias under the conditions of these experiments. PMID- 1252975 TI - A disposable condenser humidifier for use during anaesthesia. AB - A disposable heat and moisture exchanger ("Artificial Nose") which is designed for use during endotracheal anaesthesia is described together with an evaluation of its performance. It has a low dead space, minimal resistance to gas flow, and is potentially capable of conserving 50 per cent of the respiratory water loss in the intubated patient. PMID- 1252976 TI - The results of therapeutic acupuncture in a pain clinic. AB - Acupuncture has been used to treat various conditions of chronic pain in a pain clinic. Six hundred and six acupuncture treatments were administered within the space of 12 months to 72 patients who had not responded well to conventional treatment. At completion of the acupuncture treatments 19 patients showed marked improvement, 20 showed improvement and 21 transient improvement. Long-term results were also investigated at a mean of four months after the final treatment. The results of this follow-up study showed marked improvement in 11 patients and improvement in 20 others. In terms of conditions treated, best responses were obtained in patients with musculo-skeletal disorders, degenerative or osteoarthritis and headache. PMID- 1252978 TI - Bain circuit: "the hazard of the hidden tube". PMID- 1252979 TI - Letter: Complications of ducting anesthetic gases to the atmosphere. PMID- 1252977 TI - An index of syndromes and their anaesthetic implications. PMID- 1252980 TI - Effect of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin synthesis in chick liver microsomes. AB - Biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin was studied in liver endoplasmic reticulum obtained from newly hatched chicks which were made hypothyroid by feeding 0.2% propylthiouracil. In vitro measurements were made of the specific activities of phosphorylcholine-glyceride (cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2), hosphorylethanolamine-glyceride (ethanolamine-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.1)), and phosphorylcholine-ceramide (ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.3)) transferases in control and hypothyroid chick liver for a period of 40 days. The specific activity of all three transferases began to decline after the chicks were on the propylthiouracil containing diet for 5 days and steadily declined, reaching levels 10-15% of the controls after 15 days. These low levels were maintained for as long as the chicks were on this diet. Administration of L-thyroxine (15 mug/100 g of body weight) to the hypothyroid chicks caused a marked increase in the specific activities of all three transferases, reaching levels similar to those seen in the control chicks in 36-48 h. The specific activities then declined as the chicks were maintained on the diet of propylthiouracil, reaching the former low levels after 120 h. Administration of cycloheximide alone to the hypothyroid chicks caused a rise in the specific activities of the transferases after 24 h approximately equal to that caused by thyroxine alone, while thyroxine and cycloheximide together were no different than either alone. These studies indicate that in some manner circulating thyroxine controls the activities of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin in chick liver endoplasmic reticulum. There was no evidence that induction of hypothyroidism by propylthiouracil had any effect on the activities of these enzymes in the CNS. PMID- 1252982 TI - Amino acid composition of sperm histones in the house cricket Acheta domesticus. AB - Histones were isolated from late spermatids and spermatozoa of the house cricket Acheta domesticus, and the individual histone fractions were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide-urea gels. The stained gels were cut so as to isolate the different histone fractions, and the amino acid compositions were determined using the technique of Houston (Houston, L.L.: Anal. Biochem. 44, 81 88 (1971). Five of the histones had amino acid compositions resembling those for the histones of calf thymus and were thus identified as fractions F1, F3, F2a2, F2b, and F2al. Another protein (SH) located exclusively in the late spermatids and spermatozoa was found to be basic and histone-like. It is a protein containing relatively high amounts of arginine (12.6%) and low amounts of lysine (7.6%), and, as a result, it has a low ratio of lysine-arginine (0.6). Other noteworthy features are its high contents of serine, glutamic acid, and glycine. It is arginine rich histone and in this regard resembles other such proteins, but it does contain unique features which distinguish it from all previously described histones. PMID- 1252981 TI - Enzymes of the orotate biosynthetic pathway in Crithidia fasciculata. AB - A study of the enzymes of the orotate biosynthetic pathway in the kinetoplasid flagellate Crithidia fasciculata has revealed a number of differences between them and those of other organisms, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Carbamyl phosphate synthesis could not be demonstrated in cell-free extracts. However, the incorporation of both CO2 and the ureide carbon of citrulline into pyrimidines occurs in growing cells, the latter predominating over the former. The aspartate transcarbamylase of the flagellate has properties which are similar to those of this enzyme as it occurs in mammals rather than other microorganisms. Two enzymes, dihydroorotate synthetase and dihydroorotate hydrolase, are present, the former being responsible for the conversion of carbamylasparate to dihydroorotate. Dihydroorotate hydroxylase, a soluble enzyme requiring a reduced pteridine as a cofactor, converts dihydroorotate to orotate. The hydroxylase is inhibited by orotate, but not by pyrimidine or purine ribonucleotides. Thus orotate serves to control its own biosynthesis. PMID- 1252983 TI - Reagentless determination of L-asparagine and L-arginine via the combined use of immobilized enzymes and an ion-selective electrode. AB - New methods for the determination of L-asparagine and arginine are described. Solutions containing L-asparagine were pumped through an asparaginase tube, which catalyzed the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartis acid and ammonium ion. For L-arginine determination, solutions containing L-arginine were pumped through an arginase-urease tube. This dual enzyme tube catalyzed the conversion of L arginine to L-ornithine, carbon dioxide, and ammonium ion. The ammonium ion concentrations in the effluent of the enzyme tubes were determined quantitatively by an ammounin-ion-selective electrode. The potentiometric response of the electrode was directly proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of L asparagine and L-arginine in the range of 0.1-50 mM. An equation relating the electrode response and the substrate concentration is derived. PMID- 1252984 TI - Physodes and the phenolic compounds of brown algae. Isolation and characterization of phloroglucinol polymers from Fucus vesiculosus (L.) AB - A series of vanillin-reactive compounds has been isolated from extracts of the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. The first three members of this series have been examined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and chemical methods, and were shown to be phloroglucinol, its phenyl-linked dimer, and a timer also composed of phloroglucinol units. Evidence is presented for the presence of tetrameric, pentameric, and hexameric phloroglucinol derivatives. Polymeric vanillin-reactive compounds were isolated and separated into two fractions. Oxidative hydrolysis of the major one produced phloroglucinol and related oligomers in low yields. The classical vanillin reactivity of physodes may thus be attributed to phloroglucinol-containing derivatives, as originally proposed by Crato (Crato, E.: Ber. Dtsch. Bot, Ges. 10, 295-302 (1892)). PMID- 1252985 TI - Synthesis of hemopexin with and without hormonal supplementation in rat hepatocyte suspensions: comparison with that of albumin and of fibrinogen. AB - The rate of hemopexin synthesis in adult rat hepatocyte suspension (0.17 +/- 0.019 (6)) (mean +/- SEM (n) mg/g hepatocytes per hour) was found to be linear for 48 h. By contrast, the rate of synthesis of albumin and fibrinogen was close to linear for only 12 h after which it continued at a diminished rate. Supplementation of the incubation medium with insulin, cortisol, glucagon, triiodothyronine, and growth hormone affected no significant increase in the synthesis rate of hemopexin but by contrast did do so in that of albumin (22%) and of fibrinogen (123%) (although not to the point of causing these last to become linear). The pattern of hemopexin synthesis and its response to hormones is clearly different from that observed with other plasma proteins studied in this hepatocyte system. Hempoexin synthesis appeared to be at its maximum and to be independent of hormone supplementation, and it was continuing linearly at a time when the synthesis of other plasma proteins was falling. PMID- 1252987 TI - In vivo and in vitro phosphoarylation of nuclear proteins in rat liver. AB - The incorporation of 32P into nuclear nonhistone proteins was compared in rat liver in vivo, in liver slices incubated in vitro, and in isolated nuclei incubated with gamma-[32P]ATP. The highest specific activities of nuclear phosphorproteins were obtained by incubating isolated nuclei. However, the Radioactivity profiles of polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms of these proteins differed from those obtained in vivo or in liver slice experiments. A group of low molecular weight nonhistone proteins exhibited a very high incporation of labelled phosphate. These proteins could be obtained from the interface when the phosphoproteins were isolated by the buffered phenol extraction procedure. Phosphorylated proteins were also obtained from three cytoplasmic fractions (mitochondria, microsomes, and cytosol). The specific activities of these proteins were much lower than of the nuclear phosphoproteins. PMID- 1252986 TI - Nonpolar lipids of a halotolerant species of Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - The nonpolar lipids of a halotolerant Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated in pure culture from a growth medium for extreme halophiles containing 25% sodium chloride, were found to contain squalene, menaquinone-7, free fatty acids (mainly anteiso-15:0 and anteiso-17:0), undecaprenol, nonaprenol with predominately cis isoprene residues, heptaprenol, with predominately trans-isoprene residues, and 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides containing anteiso- 15:0 and anteiso-17:0 branched chain fatty acid residues. The above compounds were isolated in pure form by column and thin-layer chromatography and were characterized by ultraviolet, proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectra. Fatty acid moieities were characterized by gas-liquid chromatographic retention times of their methyl esters. PMID- 1252988 TI - Characterization of tryptic peptides from porcine haptoglobin light chain and an amino acid sequence. AB - The tryptic peptides derived from porcine haptoglobin light chains have been separated and characterized by composition, chromatography, electrophoretic mobility, and partial sequencing. Depending on homology with the corresponding human polypeptide, the amino acid sequence of the chain is proposed. Twenty differences from the human chain are indicated in the total of 84 residues. PMID- 1252989 TI - Uptake and binding of dissaccharides in human erythrocytes. AB - Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, melibiose, cellobiose, trehalose, maltose, and isomaltose) are not transported across the human erythrocyte membrane. Maltose alone is bound in appreciable amounts to the intact cell as well as ghost membranes and competes mutually for uptake with D-glucose. In (NH4)2-SO4 precipitated membrane preparations, maltose binds more strongly than other disaccharides (KD = 1.3 X 10(-5) M; maximum binding capacity, 71 pmol/mg protein) and again competes mutually with D-glucose. Phloretin inhibits the binding of glucose much more than that of maltose. PMID- 1252990 TI - Measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide. AB - Several probes for measuring dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration were installed in a 68-litre fermentor and their effectiveness compared. Submerged silastic rubber tubing gave reproducible results over a wide range of operating conditions and was generally superior to all other probes evaluated. The silastic rubber probe was used to compare the partial pressure of CO2 in viscous fermentation media with that in the fermentor exhaust gas. No significant difference was found. Results show that determination of the CO2 partial pressure in the exhaust gas gives an excellent approximation of the partial pressure of dissolved CO2 in the liquid medium, eliminating the need for measurement of CO2 concentration in the broth. PMID- 1252991 TI - Electron microscopy of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of yellow poplar. IV. Host-endophyte interactions during arbuscular deterioration 1,2. AB - Scanning electron stereoscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to correlate morphological alterations and cytological phenomena associated with deterioration of arbuscules in yellow poplar mycorrhizae. Arbuscular degradation was initiated at the tips of the finest branches and progressed basipetally. Cytoplasm in arbuscular hyphae progressively deteriorated and was followed by collapse of the fungal walls. Degraded portions of the arbuscules aggregated into clumps comprised of host wall material and the distorted fungal walls. Host nuclei, abundant mitochondria, and proplastids were closely associated with arbuscular branches undergoing cytoplasmic deterioration and with clumped portions of the arbuscule which contained degraded hyphal branches. Most of the arbuscules observed had deteriorated to the clumped stage. Some cortical cells contained several clumped arbuscules and nearly mature, intact arbuscules which indicated that reinfection occurs even as degradative phenomena are in progress. It is suggested that substantial quantities of mineral nutrients may be made available to the host via degradation of fungal cytoplasm in the arbuscular hyphae preceding aggregation of degraded hyphae into discrete clumps. PMID- 1252992 TI - Two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of heat-modifiable outer membrane proteins. AB - An examination has been made of the effect which temperature of solubilization has upon the subsequent migration in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins from the cell envelopes of Escherichia coli K12 and Neisseria sicca ATCC 9913. Conventional electrophoresis in tubes revealed substantial differences in the staining patterns of gels, depending upon whether the envelope samples were solubilized at 37 degrees C or 100 degrees C; in the case of N. sicca at least 6 of 13 discernible bands displayed heat-modifiable behavior. The relationship of the bands produced by each of the two temperatures was investigated by a two dimensional electrophoresis procedure, in which a sample was solubilized at 37 degrees C and run in a usual cylindrical gel; the entire gel was then resolubilized at 100 degrees C, and laid along an acrylamide slab for electrophoresis in the second dimension. It was found that "free endotoxin" of both organisms examined contained the same major proteins as the total envelope fraction, and that these free endotoxin proteins showed the same heat-modifiable properties as when present in total envelopes. PMID- 1252993 TI - Maintaining cultures of ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogenic fungi in sterile water cold storage. AB - Mycelial cultures of 64 isolates of 14 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and 27 isolates of 15 species of plant pathogenic fungi were grown on agar medium in Petri dishes. Mycelial discs, 8 mm in diameter, were removed from the cultures and stored in sterile distilled water in test tubes at 5 degrees C. Sixty-four, 61, and 41 isolates of the symbiotic fungi were viable after 1, 2, and 3 years storage respectively. Only 19, 10, and 8 isolates of the pathogenic fungi were viable after 1, 2, and 3 years storage, respectively. Time in pure culture before water storage did not affect viability of any fungal species following water storage. After 3 years storage, four fungi (three symbionts and one pathogen) were tested and found to have retained their original growth rates and root infecting abilities on pine seedlings. The same four isolates, however, maintained on agar slants at 5 degrees C and subcultured every 4 to 6 months, grew slower and did not infect as many feeder roots of pine as the water-stored isolates. PMID- 1252994 TI - Methane fermentation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) latex effluent. AB - Four species of bacteria capable of CH4 fermentation of rubber latex effluent were isolated and identified as a Methanococcus, a strain of M. vannielii, a Methanobacterium and a strain of M. omelianskii. Auxanographic tests using the four strains showed growth and CH4 formation on a basal medium containing mineral salts or added H2 and Co2. Varied response was obtained when the basal medium was added to formate, acetate, butyrate, methanol, ethanol, and glucose. Previous work has established acid fermentation of Hevea latex arising from bacterial contamination and decomposition of the non-rubber constituents which consist of N compounds, 2% quebrachitol, and smaller concentration of carbohydrates. This suggests that reduction of CO2 and fermentation of acids formed during metabolism of Hevea latex are possible pathways of CH4 production. PMID- 1252995 TI - Phosphopantothenic acid--the major product of pantothenic acid accumulation and a significant growth stimulatn in Lactobacillus plantarum. AB - Non-proliferating cells of Lactobacillus plantarum accumulated about 1.3 mug of pantothenic acid (PA) per milligram dry cells when placed in a phosphate-buffered solution containing glucose, NaCl, and PA for 21 h. Under the conditions applied for PA uptake, pH 7.5 and 38 degrees C, the accumulated PA existed almost exclusively in a bound form. Free PA was observed only occasionally and then at questionably significant levels. All bound PA was released quantitatively by enzyme hydrolysis with alkaline (intestinal) phosphatase. Chromatographic analysis coupled with differential microbiological analysis of cell extracts using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus helveticus, and L. plantarum identified the accumulated PA as phosphopantothenic acid (P-PA). Assay of P-PA loaded cell extracts (devoid of free PA) by L. plantarum before and after alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis showed that the growth of this primary assay organism was stimulated by 8.3%. PMID- 1252996 TI - Studies on cardiolipin biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - Supplementation of a growth medium with 5% glucose has been found to stimulate the formation of cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine five- and threefold, respectively, in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The presence of both cytidine diphosphate diglyceride and phosphatidylglycerol pathways of biosynthesis of cardiolipin in cell-free extracts has been demonstrated. The enzymes were localized in the fractions which contained membranes. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide and streptomycin sulfate inhibited the formation of cardiolipin. PMID- 1252997 TI - Selection of synchronous bacterial cultures by density sedimentation. AB - A procedure previously used to select synchronous cultures of Chlorella was found to produce similar results with the bacterium Lineola longa (Bacillus macroides). A midlog culture of L. longa was layered onto a 31-42% dialyzed Ficoll gradient and ceitruged at 51 000 3 g. The culture sedimented into a broad band in 30 min. Continued centrifugation failed to cause further migration. Cells taken from the top of the band and reinoculated into the broth in which they had previously grown, pH adjusted to 7.0, grew without a lag, doubled in optical density at the same rate as midlog cultures, and divided synchronously. Coulter counter sizing of these cells showed a doubling in volume just before division followed by a halving of volume after division. The major advantages of this method are the low osmolarity of Ficoll and the large volume of cells that can be separated. PMID- 1252998 TI - Ultrastructural changes in Cladosporium cucumerinum during pathogenesis. AB - Three ultrastructural patterns, each one associated with a different stage of pathogenesis, were observed in Cladosporium cucumerinum infecting cucumber cytoledons. (i) Fungal prepenetration structures (conidia and germ tubes) contained numberous lipid bodies. Microbodies were abundant and often associated with lipid bodies. Mitochondria were also abundant. (ii) During the invasion stage, no lipid bodies and relatively few microbodies were observed. Mitochondria were abundant, but differed markedly morphologically from those observed in the prepenetration structures. (iii) In the colonizing hyphae, microbodies were the most abundant organelle, lipid bodies were seldom found, and mitochondria were as observed during invasion. These changes in numbers of organelles may be associated with differences in the metabolic activities of the pathogen at various stages of pathogenesis. PMID- 1252999 TI - The distribution of the isocitrate lyase serine pathway amongst one-carbon utilizing organisms. AB - A study of several one-carbon-utilizing organisms was conducted to determine the distribution of the recently found isocitrate-lyase-positive serine pathway of C1 assimilation. The results showed that this pathway is restricted to soil isolated, non-pigmented Pseudomonas, initially isolated in methylamine enrichments, and to certain species of Hyphomicrobium. It was not detected in any organisms possessing a pink pigment. PMID- 1253000 TI - Sucrose-mediated giant cell formation in the genus Neisseria. AB - Growth of Neisseria perflava, Neisseria cinerea, and Neisseria sicca strain Kirkland in media supplemented with sucrose (0.5 to 5.0% w/v) resulted in the formation of giant cells. Response to sucrose was specific in that a variety of other carbohydrates did not mediate giant cell formation. Giant cells appeared only under growth conditions and did not lyse upon transfer to medium lacking sucrose or upon resuspension in hypotonic media. Reversion of giant to normal cells occurred when giant cells were used as inocula and allowed to multiply in media lacking sucrose. PMID- 1253001 TI - Studies on mode of action of a bacteriocin from Clostridium septicum. AB - A bacteriocin was found in the supernatant fluid of Clostridium septicum strain Ovinus. Sensitivity to the bacteriocin was confined to other strains of C. septicum and to strains of C. chauvoei; the other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested for sensitivity were unaffected by the bacteriocin. The bacteriocin killed sensitive cells rapidly but cell lysis did not appear to be involved. The bacteriocin inhibited protein and RNA synthesis immediately after its addition to sensitive cells; DNA synthesis was inhibited 10 min later. PMID- 1253002 TI - Spinin: the subunit protein of bacterial spinae. PMID- 1253003 TI - Von Hippel-Lindau's disease. AB - A patient with Von Hippel-Lindau's disease was followed from the time of diagnosis to the time of his death 13 year later. He was asymptomatic when the diagnosis was made, although a hemangioblastoma of the medulla was found on angiography. The patient's course and autopsy are described and the features of this disease are reviewed. PMID- 1253004 TI - Cerebral blood flow in patients with intracranial pressure elevation due to traumatic brain edema. AB - The object of this study was to determine if traumatic brain edema (BE) and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF). Two groups of patients were studied, one with slight BE and ICP less than 20 mm Hg., the other with pronounced BE and ICP over 20 mm Hg. Although ICP was higher and cerebral perfusion pressure lower in pronounced edema there was only a small and non-significant reduction in CBF and no difference in cerebro-vascular resistance. Since traumatic BE does not increase resistance to blood flow through the brain, cerebral perfusion can be maintained if an adequate perfusion pressure is established. This in turn, demands the monitoring and control of ICP. PMID- 1253005 TI - The relative significance of factors affecting postoperative survival in astrocytomas, grades one and two. AB - The records of 107 patients with supratentorial astrocytomas, Grades 1 and 2 treated surgically between 1960 and 1970 were analyzed. Abstracted clinical data was retrospectively analyzed with respect to the relative significance of different factors affecting survival. Twenty-eight patients were alive at the time of follow-up in 1974. Age, clinical grade at surgery and radiation therapy were the most important determinants of prolonged postoperative survival. The more malignant astrocytomas occurring in the Province of Alberta had previously been reviewed. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the relative influence of histologic grade of astrocytomas and to analyze the factors affecting postoperative survival in the low grade, supratentorial astrocytomas. PMID- 1253006 TI - Polyglycolic acid suture in peripheral nerve II: sutured sciatic nerve. AB - This experiment investigates the holding property of polyglycolic acid suture in repair of divided dog sciatic nerves and the influence of absorption of this synthetic material on regeneration. The conclusion is that PGA maintains its tensile strength sufficently long to allow both physical union and good regeneration of the divided nerve. The suture absorption does not influence regeneration. PMID- 1253007 TI - Transient responses of rabbit retinal ganglion cells to photic and electrical stimuli. AB - The relationships between the center and the surround of the receptive field of the rabbit retinal ganglion cell were investigated. This was done by coupling localized light spots and electrical activation of the retina and by analyzing the time of the excitatory and inhibitory periods. The responsiveness to the electrical transretinal pulse revealed a) that ON stimulation in OFF-center cells and OFF stimulation in ON-center cells, elicited a primary period of inhibition with a short latency; b) the long latency response of surround stimulation was not preceded by an inhibitory period unless the center was simultaneously stimulated in the same direction; c) a transient response to a stationary spot of light is followed by a period of inhibition. These results are discussed in relation to the known cellular retinal networks. PMID- 1253008 TI - A comparative study of surface preparations of the organ of Corti of the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben 1777) and the ringed seal (Pusa hispida). 1. Sensory cell population and density. PMID- 1253009 TI - Observations on the freeze-cleaved ultrastructure of fenestrated endothelial cells in mouse thyroid. PMID- 1253010 TI - Experimental studies on the life cycle of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae). PMID- 1253011 TI - Glucose metabolism in lactating reindeer. PMID- 1253012 TI - Seasonal changes in body composition of the arctic ground squirrel, Citellus undulatus. PMID- 1253013 TI - Fine structure of the rostral pars distalis follicle cells in homotransplanted pituitaries of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. PMID- 1253014 TI - Fecundity of mooneye, Hiodon tergisus, in the Assiniboine River. PMID- 1253015 TI - A model of foregut activity in the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen. II. Peristalsis in the crop duct during the crop-emptying process. PMID- 1253016 TI - Thyroxine concentrations in plasma of normal and hypophysectomized hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (Cyclostomata). PMID- 1253017 TI - Fine structure of surface and sunken grooved pegs on the antenna of female Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 1253018 TI - Effects of temperature and sex genotype on meristic counts of the gonochoristic cyprinodontid fish Rivulus cylindraceus Poey. PMID- 1253019 TI - Influence of injection route on radiothyroxine kinetics in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). PMID- 1253020 TI - Maintenance of spermatogenesis and seminal vesicles in the hypophysectomized catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch): effects of ovine and salmon gonadotropin, and testosterone. PMID- 1253021 TI - The mineral profile of plumage in captive lesser snow geese. PMID- 1253022 TI - Editorial: Women physicians and breast-feeding. PMID- 1253023 TI - Letter: Acute hemiplegia in childhood. PMID- 1253024 TI - Letter: The retrospective study. PMID- 1253025 TI - Letter: Cephalosporins in otitis media. PMID- 1253026 TI - Letter: Lipid research clinic program. PMID- 1253027 TI - Letter: Unusual reaction to erythromycin. PMID- 1253028 TI - Letter: Insect-venom allergy. PMID- 1253029 TI - Poetry in decline? PMID- 1253030 TI - Patterns of medical drug use - a community focus. AB - The pattern and extent of medical use of drugs was examined by survey in a rural Ontario community (Smithville) and a suburban (Burlington) family practice. Changes in established patterns of drug use that occur after the introduction of a nurse practitioner were also examined in the suburban practice. In both surveys 60% of respondents were using at least one medication and 30% were taking at least one medication prescribed or suggested by a doctor. There were consistently high rates of use of nonprescribed drugs at all ages, especially among females. Vitamins and tonics were the most commonly used drugs, and were taken by 25 to 28% of the respondents, 40% of whom used them on the advice of a physician. From 8.8 to 10.5% of respondents used sedatives or tranquillizers, and reduction in the prescribed use of these drugs was found among patients managed by the nurse practitioners. Self-medication is apparently unrelated to the frequency of medical consultation. PMID- 1253031 TI - Intussusception in the older child. AB - During its first 6 years of operation a large pediatric unit in a suburban general hospital treated 13 children over the age of 2 years for confirmed intussesception. During the same period 14 infants under the age of 2 years were treated for intussusception. It is suggested that the true age incidence of the disease is reflected more accurately by these figures than by those reported by large children's hospitals. The clinical course was often less acute in the older child and hydrostatic reduction was usually effective (in 11 of 12 attempts). Prompt operation is recommended when the condition recurs more than 1 week after reduction because of the increased risk of an underlying intestinal lesion. Practitioners are urged to keep intussusception in mind when assessing an older child with intestinal colic. PMID- 1253032 TI - [Letter: The Canadian Medical Association Retirement Savings Plan]. PMID- 1253033 TI - Editorial: Pulling the plug: who decides? PMID- 1253034 TI - OMA approves relative value fee schedule with 48% net increase. PMID- 1253035 TI - Information systems. Part V: what the users think. PMID- 1253036 TI - Community health symposium. Part II: from less tobacco to more estrogen. PMID- 1253037 TI - Editorial: Tall girl therapy. PMID- 1253038 TI - Letter: Neostigmine methysulfate in the treatment of cardiac arryhthmia induced by perphenazine-amitriptyline. PMID- 1253040 TI - Letter: Alcohol and organic disease: calculation of consumption. PMID- 1253039 TI - Letter: Phenformin and the heart. PMID- 1253041 TI - Letter: Primary dissecting aneurysm of the hepatic artery simulating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1253043 TI - Letter: CMA archives. PMID- 1253042 TI - Letter: Chronic otitis media in Indian children. PMID- 1253044 TI - Letter: Vitamin B12 in late-onset psychosis of childhood. PMID- 1253045 TI - Rubella 1974 and its aftermath, congenital rubella syndrome. AB - An epidemic of rubella reached its peak in the Atlantic provinces in 1974, subsiding in early 1975. With the exception of Quebec the remainder of Canada showed a reverse trend, with a large increase in the numbers of cases reported in the first 41/2 months of 1975. The Halifax virus laboratory reported 106 serologically proven cases of rubella in 1974, 44 of them in pregnant women. In the aftermath of the epidemic many infants were born with the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). A study carried out from Sept. 1, 1974 through Apr. 30, 1975 showed an 80% correlation between clinical diagnosis and the presence of rubella specific IgM antibodies in 35 of these infants. Of the 23 infants in whom the diagnosis of CRS was made by laboratory or clinical findings or both, laboratory criteria were met in 20 (87.0%), clinical criteria in 19 (82.6%) and both laboratory and clinical criteria in 16 (69.6%). PMID- 1253046 TI - Role of nephrectomy in hypertension with renal artery occlusion. AB - Nephrectomy was performed in 12 patients with complete renal artery occlusion and hypertension refractory to intensive medical therapy. Renal vein renin was assayed preoperatively in 10 of the 12, and in 8 the ratio was at least 1.5:1, strongly suggesting renal artery occlusion on the side with the higher concentration of renin in venous blood. In two patients peripheral plasma renin activity was very high before operation, then decreased greatly afterwards. Three patients were considered cured and eight improved (overall improvement rate, 92%). The results were predicted by the renin ratio. PMID- 1253047 TI - Disseminated histoplasmosis and necrotizing vasculitis. AB - A 74-year-old man with congestive heart failure was found to have Histoplasma capsulatum in a lesion of the right nasal septum. His initial treatment with amphotericin B was inadequate because of severe intolerance to the drug. Three months after initial presentation H. capsulatum was detected in his blood and bone marrow. Slightly elevated purpuric lesions on the arms, lower legs and trunk showed the typical features of necrotizing vasculitis. Cutaneous anergy was reversed after treatment with transfer factor. Skin involvement in disseminated histoplasmosis is unusual and there are no previous reports of vasculitis associated with this infection. PMID- 1253048 TI - Cystic fibrosis in adults: the unsuspected pulmonary diagnosis. AB - The clinical spectrum of cystic fibrosis is insufficiently appreciated. This disease may occur in adolescents or adults who had minimal or no symptoms in childhood. In three patients the diagnosis was made on the basis of respiratory disease (including bronchiectasis, pneumonia and chronic bronchitis), a family history of respiratory disease, and elevated concentrations of electrolytes in the sweat. Two of the patients had pancreatic insufficiency, but this feature was not considered necessary for the diagnosis. It is important to make the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in affected adults in order to prescribe appropriate therapy, avoid unnecessary operations, anticipate complications that are not common to other respiratory diseases, provide genetic counselling and initiate appropriate screening procedures to detect the disease in close relatives. PMID- 1253049 TI - Editorial: It makes my day when a letter like this comes to the association. PMID- 1253050 TI - Council on Medical Services learns drug control full of holes. PMID- 1253051 TI - Ontario medical manpower study shows plenty of MDs but shortages in most specialties. PMID- 1253052 TI - Community health symposium. Part III: occupational disease and urban enviornment. PMID- 1253053 TI - No-smoking campaign gathers momentum. PMID- 1253054 TI - Anti-inflation regulations pose problems chiefly to groups and direct-billing physicians. PMID- 1253055 TI - Editorial: Giardiasis. PMID- 1253056 TI - Editorial: Physician, no smoking please. PMID- 1253057 TI - Medicine as an art form. PMID- 1253058 TI - Editorial: Use of medications: a growing concern. PMID- 1253059 TI - Letter: Dientamoeba fragilis in idiopathic gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 1253060 TI - Letter: Globin zinc insulin. PMID- 1253061 TI - Letter: Postpartum infection with meningococcemia. PMID- 1253062 TI - Letter: Standardization of tuberculin testing material. PMID- 1253063 TI - Letter: XYY phenotype; does it exist? PMID- 1253064 TI - Letter: Corticosteroids contained in Mexican cures for arthritis and asthma. PMID- 1253065 TI - Letter: The British NHS is not all bad: implications for Canada. PMID- 1253066 TI - Pediatric emergency services of the future. PMID- 1253067 TI - Utilization of health services in Western Canada: basic Canadian data from the World Health Organization/International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization. AB - In a household health survey more than 15 000 individuals in four areas of Canada were interviewed as part of the World Health Organization/International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization. Data were collected to describe the health services system in each area and to measure the population's utilization of health professionals, hospitals, medicines and selected preventive services, perceived acute and chronic morbidity, attitudes and beliefs about health and health care, and sociodemographic characteristics. The proportion of persons with perceived morbidity was twice that of persons reporting visits with a physician in the same 2-week period. Prescribed and nonprescribed medications had been used by more than 50% of respondents in each area in the 2 days before the interview, nonprescribed medicines accounting for more than half of this use. Respondents were found to be more sceptical of medical doctors than of medical science. PMID- 1253068 TI - Preschool detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria: a public health program. AB - A total of 95% of parents registering their children for kindergarten agreed to screening for urinary tract infection (UTI) in their children. Urine specimens from 1591 children (87%), obtained at the school or at home, were tested. Only minor problems were encountered when parents prepared the specimens at home and mailed them to the laboratory for reading; the proportion of false-positive results was higher in these samples. If screening for UTI becomes established, it appears worth while to conduct this at the time of registration for kindergarten, either in the school by lay persons or in the home by parents. PMID- 1253069 TI - Part-time hospitalization programs: the neglected field of community psychiatry. AB - Part-time hospitalization for persons with psychiatric disorders is underdeveloped, underutilized and often poorly understood, but should be encouraged in view of the unsatisfactory living conditions of patients discharged from hospital who still require care, the reductions in psychiatric impatient populations and numbers of beds, the increasing costs of health services and the current fiscal restraints. Day and night hospitals can provide an alternative to inpatient or outpatient treatment, rehabilitation for the long-term patient or treatment for the patient in transition from inpatient to outpatient status. The day hospital can also provide a diagnostic setting. Such programs help preserve the patient's position in the family and the community, minimize the ill effects of hospitalization, and lower capital and operating costs of the psychiatric services. Awareness by medical and paramedical services of the value of these programs would increase their utilization. Shifting the emphasis of administrative and fiscal policies from inpatient to part-time hospitalization programs is also required. PMID- 1253070 TI - Toxic nephropathy after low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia: drug interaction with secobarbital? AB - Vasopressin-resistant nonoliguric renal insufficiency developed in a 57-year-old man after 2 1/2 hours of low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia. Secobarbital, 100 mg daily, had been taken for 1 month before. Of 13 patients in whom the influence of methoxyflurane on renal function was being studied, he was the only one to have taken a drug that induces microsomal enzymes. Blood values of methoxyflurane in this patient were lower than group means on all five occasions during anesthesia. Postoperatively his serum inorganic fluoride value reached 114 mumol/l -- more than two standard deviations greater than the group mean. Peak values for serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid and postvasopressin urine osmolality, and the lowest creatinine clearance in this patient also differed by more than 2 SD from the group mean, and the peak amount of oxalate excreted in his urine was double the group mean. Pretreatment with the barbiturate appears to have altered methoxyflurane metabolism and led to toxic concentrations of metabolites in the blood. PMID- 1253071 TI - Primary care for nontraumatic illness at the emergency department and the family physician's office. AB - A total of 1117 visits by patients to two hospital emergency departments and 15 family physicians' offices for nontraumatic complaints over two 2-week periods were studied. Patients visiting the two settings fell into two distinct subgroups, and they appeared to select where to seek care by the acuteness and duration of the complaint. Several highly significant differences were noted between the two groups: those who visited an emergency department had complaints of shorter duration, underwent more investigations (which more often gave abnormal results), were more likely to undergo investigation for mental symptoms, had more consultations, received counselling and drug therapy less often (but intramuscular injections more often), were admitted to hospital more often, returned for further care for the same complaint less often, complied with disposal instructions less often, were more likely to receive fewer than 5 days' care and were less likely to receive more than 31 days' care; those without a family physician more often received additional care (were referred, admitted or asked to return). PMID- 1253073 TI - The droopy shoulder syndrome. AB - Three patients with the droopy shoulder syndrome are described. This condition occurs most often in young women who are mildly or moderately depressed. Their shoulders are painful and the only clinical sign is drooping of the shoulders. There are no signs of neurologic abnormality. A lateral radiograph of the cervical spine shows all seven cervical vertebrae, the first thoracic vertebra and part or all of the second thoracic vertebra. PMID- 1253072 TI - Colposcopy in the follow-up of women with lower genital tract or perianal carcinoma. AB - Colposcopy has gained acceptance in the management of patients with abnormal cytologic smears or visible lesions of the lower genital tract. The well documented potential for the development of multifocal neoplastic disease in these tissues provides the rationale for the suggested use of the colposcope in the follow-up of patients with a previously treated carcinoma of the lower genital or perianal region. The value of colposcopy in such a patient is discussed. PMID- 1253074 TI - Medibank: Australia's new national health insurance program. PMID- 1253076 TI - How the MD's staff affects quality of office practice. PMID- 1253077 TI - Lalonde confirms Bill C-68 to proceed but proposes amendments. PMID- 1253075 TI - Alberta becomes first province to allow physicians to incorporate practice. PMID- 1253078 TI - MacKenzie task force urges drive to cut Alberta highway deaths. PMID- 1253079 TI - Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. PMID- 1253080 TI - Editorial: The causes and treatment of non-disease. PMID- 1253081 TI - Letter: Federal funding for medical research. PMID- 1253083 TI - Letter: Hazardous seats for babies. PMID- 1253082 TI - Letter: Support for posthysterectomy prolapse. PMID- 1253084 TI - The joys of rural practice. PMID- 1253085 TI - Serum ferritin and the iron status of Canadians. AB - Serum ferritin concentration was determined in 1105 Canadians aged 1 to 90 years. Geometric mean values (ng/ml) were as follows: children 1 to 4 years old, 12; children 5 to 9 years old, 15; adolescent girls, 17; adolescent boys, 18; women 20 to 39 years, 23; women 65 years and older, 52; men 20 to 39 years, 93; and men 40 and older, 92. Ranges were side in all age groups, reflecting variations in size of body iron stores. From analysis of the ferritin values it is highly probably that iron stores were greatly reduced in approximately 25% of children, 30% of adolescents, 30% of menstruating women, 60% of pregnant women and 3% of men. Iron-deficiency anemia was noted in only 2% of subjects. If "normality" requires more than small amounts of storage iron to meet physiologic demands, the study results suggest a high probability of iron deficiency in 60% of the pregnant women and in 19% of the other subjects; but if normality is defined as maintenance of adequate iron stores for erythropoiesis, the prevalence of iron deficiency was zero in the pregnant women and 2% in the other subjects. PMID- 1253086 TI - Long-term survival after isolated replacement of mitral valve with ball-valve prosthesis. AB - In 111 patients whose diseases mitral valve was replaced with a ball-valve prosthesis the actuarial survival rate, including the hospital mortality of 10.8%, was 66% after 5 years and 59% after 8 years of follow-up. This suggests that in patients with moderate or severe symptoms due to mitral valve disease, replacing the valve can prolong life. However, in patients with no cardiac symptoms or with sinus rhythm and mild symptoms, it is doubtful that mitral valve replacement can prolong life, for the prognosis in these patients is favourable without operation. PMID- 1253087 TI - Long-term follow-up of a hypertension screening program. AB - Of 185 people found to be hypertensive in a shopping centre screening program who went to their physician and had medication prescribed, then were contacted 18 months later, 33 had discontinued the medication at their physician's request. But of 152 who were to continue taking medication 139 (91.4%) had complied. Blood pressure had decreased to less than 160 mm Hg systolic or less than 95 mm Hg diastolic, or both, in 65.1% of the 152; was 160 to 169 mm Hg systolic or 95 to 99 mm Hg diastolic, or both, in 13.8%; was mildly or moderately decreased but still above 169 mm Hg systolic or 99 mmHg diastolic, or both, in 8.6%; and was higher than before the onset of treatment in 3.9%. Adequacy of blood pressure control was not related to age, sex, initial blood pressure values, awareness before the screening of having hypertension, or treatment for hypertension before the screening. Diuretics had been prescribed for 93.5% of the 139 patients, most often as single-pill combinations with other antihypertensive agents. PMID- 1253088 TI - Blood pressure values in 1116 French-Canadian children. PMID- 1253089 TI - Vitamin C for prophylaxis of tyrosinemia in the newborn. Statement by the Nutrition Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society. PMID- 1253090 TI - Information systems. Part VIII: impact on the medical profession. PMID- 1253091 TI - Ontario health ministry prepares plans to close 3000 hospital beds, save $50 million. PMID- 1253092 TI - A concept and strategies for health protection. PMID- 1253093 TI - Lead in the environment: sources of danger. PMID- 1253094 TI - Production of bovine coccidiosis with Eimeria zuernii. PMID- 1253095 TI - Foetal fluids in cattle. PMID- 1253096 TI - Actinomyces encephalitis associated with hydrocephalus in a dog. PMID- 1253097 TI - The clinicopathological findings of mulberry heart disease in a piglet. PMID- 1253098 TI - Coxofemoral arthropathy in a young bull. PMID- 1253099 TI - Hypervitaminosis D in rabbits. PMID- 1253100 TI - Letter to the editor: Reproductive performance of beef cattle in northeastern Alberta. PMID- 1253101 TI - Adriamycin, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU-NSC 409462), and cyclophosphamide in refractory adenocarcinoma of the breast and other tumors. AB - Eighty-two patients with metastatic tumor received a therapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, 100 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/m2, both intravenously on day 1, followed by adriamycin, 40 mg/m2, on day 2. Treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Of 14 evaluable patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast, all resistant to previous chemotherapy and 12 resistant to a five-drug combination chemotherapy program, 12 had objective responses of which seven were good partial responses. Osseous, visceral, and cutaneous metastases responded equally well. Overall, 53% of 68 evaluable patients had objective responses, and 32% had complete or good partial responses. The most encouraging results were in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck, ovarian carcinoma, and multiple myeloma refractory to standard therapy. Significant responses were observed in previously untreated patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the lung, carcinoma of the prostate, and carcinoma of undermined primary. Remissions lasted a median of 5 months. Myelosuppression was moderate in degree and was maximal 2 weeks after treatment. Cumulative thrombocytopenia was apparent but not dose limiting with repeated courses. PMID- 1253102 TI - The metabolism of cyclophosphamide. Dose dependency and the effect of long-term treatment with cyclophosphamide. AB - Studies on the metabolism of cyclophosphamide-14C were performed in 10 subjects at different single dose levels within the range of 0.02-10 mg/kg body-weight and in five subjects before and following an average 22 days treatment with cyclophosphamide in daily doses of 2 mg/kg. The parameters of cyclophosphamide metabolism--serum half-life of unchanged cyclophosphamide, serum concentration of metabolites, and rates of excretion of cyclophosphamide and metabolites in the urine--were all independent of dose. No change of the metabolism was demonstrated after treatment with cyclophosphamide for 22 days. PMID- 1253103 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma: a clinical study of 110 patients. AB - One hundred and ten previously untreated patients with Burkitt's lymphoma were studied prospectively over a period ranging from over 1 year to 5 years. Of 103 patients who were treated with cyclophosphamide as a single agent, 79 (77%) achieved complete remission. Vincristine plus methotrexate or cytosine arabinoside induced complete remissions in only two of 24 patients who failed to respond to cyclophosphamide. Fifty-two percent of patients who entered complete remission subsequently relapsed with tumor. Relapse was significantly higher in patients who presented with disseminated disease (Stage III-IV) than in patients with localized disease (Stage I-II). Patients who relapsed early (remission duration less than 12 weeks) had a significantly worse prognosis than patients who relapsed late (remission duration greater than 12 weeks). Actuarial calculated 2- and 4-year survival for all patients was 44% and 38%, respectively. Factors that adversely affected survival were primary resistance to cyclophosphamide, early tumor relapse, central nervous system disease, and involvement of abdominal organs. PMID- 1253104 TI - Immunologic assessment of regional lymph node histology in relation to survival in head and neck carcinoma. AB - Histologic material from 84 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck regions was studied by double blind retrospective analysis. Sections of lymph nodes draining the tumors were examined microscopically to assess the morphologic pattern of response. Patients whose lymph nodes demonstrated active immunologic responses in the form of expanded inner cortices or increased numbers of germinal centers had 5-year survival rates significantly greater than those patients whose regional lymph nodes showed an unstimulated pattern. None of the patients whose lymph nodes showed the depleted pattern survived 5 years. These correlations were independent of the stage or grade of the tumor. Metastases occurred much more frequently in patients having regional nodes showing an unstimulated or depleted pattern than in those whose regional nodes showed evidence of immunologic activity. The data support the concept of a relationship between immunologic activity, progression of neoplasia, and survival. Morphologic assessment of immunologic activity in lymph nodes draining malignant tumors appear to be of significant value in the predicting survival. PMID- 1253105 TI - Immunologic impairment in patients with non-lymphoid cancer: correlation with the tumoral stage, response to treatment and survival. AB - The cellular immunity has been studied in 121 patients by solid nonlymphoid tumors, and in 50 healthy patients, 11 with benign tumors, with the use of techniques of in vivo dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and in vitro lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin to observe the correlation between both tests and the clinical stage of the disease, the response to chemotherapy and surgery, prognosis, and survival. Patients with anergy presented tumoral irresectability, lack of response to chemotherapy, advanced disease, and limited survival. In the patients with good immune response, the disease was limited, responding with greater frequency to therapy and presenting a higher rate of survival. Consequently, the immunologic study of a neoplastic patient can guide us toward a therapeutic behavior and a prognosis. PMID- 1253106 TI - Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XIV. Origin of a large number of markers in a cancer. AB - A cancerous effusion from a patient with cancer of the breast, with a high modal number of chromosomes (81-83) and with 11-13 abnormal chromosomes (markers) of eight different origins, has been examined in detail karyotypically with C-, G-, and Q-banding techniques. Except for a rare chromosome, all the normal chromosomes were identified and, more importantly, the origin of all markers was ascertained. This study indicates the feasibility of identifying all the chromosomes in cancer cells, even in those with highly polyploid and complicated chromosome constitutions. PMID- 1253107 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: fifteen new cases. AB - Fifteen cases of chronic lymphadenitis with massive hemophagocytic sinus histiocytosis were analyzed. Fourteen patients were whites, 13 were Europeans, and 11 were males; 10 patients were under 10, 4 were over 20, and 2 over 60 years old. The oldest patient died; all other either healed without therapy or are in excellent condition. We studied the cytologic features of lymph node imprints. A 5-year-old girl was examined more thoroughly. High antibody titers to Klebsiella antigens were found repeatedly. The patient also had a constant lymphocytopenia. Phytohemagglutinin-induced blast transformation and lymphotoxin production were within normal limits. No serum Epstein-Barr virus-antibodies could be detected. PMID- 1253108 TI - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathological study. AB - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor of cartilagenous origin, with only 41 previously reported cases. It has a distinctive histologic pattern and should be distinguished from chondrosarcoma of bone because of its different behavioral pattern. The light microscopic, histo-chemical and electron microscopic features of such a tumor are reported. PMID- 1253109 TI - Favorable prognosis for survival in children with coincident opso-myoclonus and neuroblastoma. AB - Case reports of 28 neuroblastoma patients who had opso-myoclonus as their presenting feature are reviewed. As compared with the 30%-34% two-year survival rate for the overall population of patients with neuroblastoma, those who exhibited the opso-myoclonus/neuroblastoma combination had a tumor-free two-year survival rate of 89.3%. This excellent prognosis may be explained partially by earlier diagnosis and a higher percentage (71% vs. 33%) of patients with Stage I, II, and IV-S disease in the opso-myoclonus sub-group. However, these factors are not, of themselves, sufficient to explain totally the differences in survival rate since five of seven patients with Stage III-IV disease also exhibited long term survival. This raises the question as to whether the neurologic dysfunction in these patients is pathogenetically related to an unknown factor (possibly autoimmune) which also controls growth and spread of the tumor. PMID- 1253110 TI - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina. A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases with and without a history of maternal ingestion of estrogens. AB - Twenty-one cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina have been reviewed. Fifteen cases occurred in females under 25 years of age and four in women over 45 years. In seven cases, a positive history of maternal ingestion of diethylstilbestrol (DES) was obtained. One mother gave a history of medication with conjugated estrogens and ethisterone. Of the 13 patients with a negative history, three were born during the time period when DES was commonly used to prevent abortion. Fifteen carcinomas were cervical in origin; seven of these also involved the vagina. In six cases the carcinoma was entirely vaginal. Vaginal involvement of the carcinomas was more common in the estrogen-related group. Two non-estrogen-related cases had coexisting congenital malformations with double uterus and vagina and unilateral renal agenesis. The histopathologic appearance was similar in both groups. In most cases, a mixture of papillary, microcystic, tubular, and solid features was seen. Vaginal adenosis was found in nine cases, six of which were estrogen-related. Surgical therapy was employed in most cases and was generally superior to radiation therapy. Five patients had lymphatic involvement. All died from carcinoma. The survival rate among sixteen patients followed for 2 years or more was 62.5%. The probable mullerian origin of clear cell adenocarcinoma is discussed. It is suggested that DES, by virtue of being an estrogen, interferes with the normal process of differentiation and degeneration of mullerian epithelium in the fetal vagina. The persistence of mullerian cells altered at the subcellular level could form the basis for development of carcinoma in later life. However, a similar sequence of events must also be accepted to occur "spontaneously" since clear cell adenocarcinoma can develop in women without a history of maternal estrogens. PMID- 1253111 TI - Primary cardiac neurilemoma. AB - A rare case of primary cardiac neurilemoma arising in the right atrium is reported. The patient was a 55-year-old woman who was treated for 20 years with drug and radiation therapy for a metastatic ovarian carcinoma. The cardiac tumor was an incidental finding at autopsy. Both light and electron microscopic examination of the tumor confirmed the Schwann cell origin of the neoplasm. Review of the literature reveals only one other unequivocal report of a primary cardiac neurilemoma. PMID- 1253112 TI - Alcohol pain in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Thirty-five patients with Hodgkin's disease experienced alcohol pain. Nodular sclerosis was the predominant histological grade (77%). Alcohol pain was associated with other factors generally considered to indicate an unfavorable prognosis--systemic symptoms, Stage II disease with multiple site involvement, Stage III or IV disease. Enlargment and a rise in temperature of lymph nodes were both present at or appeared at the site of pain in the majority (86%) of patients with this symptom. PMID- 1253113 TI - Massive hematuria successfully treated by bladder irrigations with formalin solution. AB - A report is presented on the use of formalin irrigation of the bladder in the management of massive hematuria in patients with inoperable tumors or as a result of radiation therapy. In 7 of 8 patients in whom this method was adopted, bleeding from the bladder stopped completely. PMID- 1253114 TI - Chronic pain control by means of an epidural catheter: report of a case with description of the method. AB - The feasibility of long-term epidural catheterization for control of chronic pain from sacral metastases has been demonstrated. Infection was not a problem and obstruction of the catheter did not occur. The short duration of action of currently available drugs was the major limitation of the technique. The technique described merits further investigation as an alternative to currently available methods. PMID- 1253115 TI - Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands. AB - Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands are rare, and only 43 possible cases have been reported. Four new cases from the Johns Hopkins Hospital are described, including clinical presentation, histologic findings, and subsequent course. The literature on this subject is reviewed, including cases arising in preexisting benign lymphoepithelial lesion with or without Sjogren's syndrome. Although the number of reported cases with complete documentation and follow-up information is too small for significant statistical analysis, these patients appear to have a better prognosis than the usual lymphoma patient. The possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 1253116 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the bulbar conjuctiva in Ethiopia. AB - We report 26 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the bulbar conjunctiva seen in Ethiopia, in a 29-month period. The increased frequency and aggressiveness of this neoplasm is emphasized and related to increased amount and scattering of ultraviolet radiation in the tropics. PMID- 1253117 TI - Carcinoma of the anterior tongue in adolescence. AB - Carcinoma of the oropharyngeal region is one of the most common malignant lesions seen in western India, comprising about 47% of all cases seen at the Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute. Of these, carcinoma of the tongue has the maximum incidence. In India the ratio between carcinoma of the anterior and posterior tongue is 33:66, the reverse of that published in Europe and America. The highest incidence of carcinoma of the anterior tongue appears in males 50 to 60 years of age; only 11 cases have been reported in patients under 20 years of age. From 1969 to 1974, 218 cases of carcinoma of the anterior tongue was seen at the M.P. Shah Hospital. This paper reports five cases of carcinoma of the anterior tongue found in patients under 20 years of age. Although the anterior tongue is a visible and approachable site, all five lesions were too advanced to cure. There did not seem to be any contributory factor to produce this malignant lesion at such a young age. The patients were all male, the youngest 11 years old. Two cases were treated with surgery; one also received postoperative radiotherapy. The remaining three cases were treated with palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The pathology and the current view of management are discussed. PMID- 1253118 TI - Multiple diffuse fibrosarcoma of bone. AB - Light and electron microscopic observations of a case of multiple diffuse fibrosarcoma of bone are presented. Two cases of diffuse fibrosarcoma of bone have been previously reported. Clinically the tumor presented as multiple osteolytic lesions involving the pelvis bone, vertebral bodies and skull with the radiologic appearance of a multiple plasma cell myeloma. Histologically the tumor was a spindle-cell fibrosarcoma. At the ultrastructural level the tumor cells represent fibroblasts separated by a scanty amount of collagen fibers. Electron microscopic findings substantiate the fibroblastic origin of multiple diffuse fibrosarcoma of bone. PMID- 1253119 TI - Familial colon cancer. AB - Study was made of a kindred with a strong history of carcinoma of the colon. Twenty-three family members were screened for the tumor with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay, barium enema, and proctoscopy; one occult colon cancer was diagnosed. Identification and surveillance of families at high colon cancer was diagnosed. Identification and surveillance of families at high risk of cancer can provide unusual opportunities for early tumor detection. PMID- 1253120 TI - Thymoma in a 12-year-old boy. AB - A case of thymoma in a 12-year-old boy is presented. The patient had a history of thymic irradiation in infancy, and a family history of leukemia. The mass was readily resected and the patient is well 10 years later. The tumor contained an unusual admixture of normal thymic tissue with the neoplastic epithelial elements. This peculiar histologic pattern is discussed in relationship to the patient's age and history. PMID- 1253121 TI - Ganglioneuroblastoma in adults. AB - Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare neoplasm of adults. Some information about the natural history and response to therapy can be obtained from two cases seen recently at our hospital and 17 cases in the literature. These tumors occur in adults of any age and are usually located in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, or neck. Evidence of the tumor may be present years before diagnosis. Elevations of urinary catecholamines were documented in three cases and the levels correlated with progression or resection of the neoplasm. The tumor spreads either by local invasion or distant metastasis. Attempts at radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable or disseminated tumor has not resulted in objective improvement. This contrasts with the widely reported objective successes and cures of ganglioneuroblastomas occurring in childhood. Surgical excision of localized disease was the only curative therapeutic modality in the cases we reviewed. PMID- 1253122 TI - The role of orchiectomy in the management of advanced male breast cancer. AB - Nine men with advanced carcinoma of the breast were evaluated after orchiectomy at the National Institutes of Health over 19 years. Of patients followed for greater than one year, five had complete remissions, one had a partial remission, and two patients did not respond to orchiectomy. The average disease-free interval was 20 months; the average survival from the time of orchiectomy in those who responded was 55.8 months and in nonresponders was 26.7 months. Orchiectomy appears to be a safe and effective way to produce an objective response and prolong survival in over 50 percent of men with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 1253123 TI - Acute leukemia as a delayed consequence of cancer chemotherapy. AB - Acute myelocytic leukemia occurring many years after intensive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy has been reported in 82 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 58 patients with multiple myeloma, and 40 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The precise incidence of this occurrence is uncertain, since the total number of patients at risk is unknown. Most patients with Hodgkin's disease had received intensive radiation therapy. Many also received chemotherapy. One-third of the patients with myeloma were treated only with melphalan. Acute leukemia may occur as part of the natural history of Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma; it has been seen with increasing frequency in recent years due to improved survival secondary to better treatment. It is also possible that radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may be causally related to the development of acute leukemia. PMID- 1253124 TI - The cardiotoxicity of adriamycin and daunomycin in children. AB - Eight (16%) of 50 children receiving adriamycin and 2 (3%) of 60 receiving daunomycin had severe cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure. All 110 patients received cumulative doses of over 500 mg/m2. The incidence was significantly higher in those who also had incidental cardiac radiation. The electrocardiogram, with few exceptions, provided the first indication of cardiac abnormality. There were no deaths from heart failure. Two had thromboembolic episodes. Recommendations are discussed. PMID- 1253125 TI - Radiation carcinogenesis: laboratory studies. AB - A brief review of animal studies following external radiation suggested the following generalizations. For low LET radiation several different dose-response relationships were obtained over a wide range of doses; lengthening the time over which the radiation is given generally lowers the risk of tumor induction. For high LET radiation the dose-response relationship usually appears to be linear and lengthening the time over which the radiation is spread does not lower the risk of tumor induction. No single RBE value for high LET radiation for tumor induction can be given but current studies point in the direction of an inverse relationship between RBE value and dose. Animal studies of radiation carcinogenesis provide information of more qualitative than quantitative significance in regard to human radiation carcinogenesis. PMID- 1253126 TI - The association between systemically administered radioisotopes and subsequent malignant disease. AB - There is a long history recording the association of x radiation and the subsequent development of malignant tumors. For systematically administered isotopes this came into prominence when Martland discovered the association between cancer, particularly of the bone, and ingestion of radioactive isotopes by radium dial painters. This association was amplified by the development of cancer in patients given thorotrast as a contrast medium for diagnostic radiologic examination. Acute leukemia was reported 30 years ago in patients with polycythemia vera treated with 32P. Acute leukemia also occurs in patients with polycythemia vera treated only with phlebotomy or drugs. A controlled study is now underway to provide a more definite answer to question what is the incidence of acute leukemia in patients with polycythemia vera treated by phlebotomy alone, chlorambucil, or 32P. 131I for the treatment of hyperthyroidism probably does not induce cancer, but in the doses used for thyroid cancer there was an increased incidence of neoplasms (12/200 in one study). This was higher than the expected incidence of neoplasms. The doses of radioactive isotopes used currently for diagnostic purposes have not induced cancer, but it is difficult and probably impossible to verify this with absolute certainty. PMID- 1253127 TI - The histopathologic basis for functional decrements in late radiation injury in diverse organs. AB - As more and more patients respond favorably to combined cancer therapies, the time of survival from radiotherapy will become the most important single factor in the incidence and progression of late radiation changes. The late sequelae of irradiation are the sum of the following: 1) residua of the direct and indirect early changes in responsive cell populations; 2) progressive vascular sclerosis with its associated effect upon connective tissue and the parenchymal cells; and 3) the reactive or replacement connective tissue proliferation which is responding to 1) and 2). From this it may be seen that further investigative efforts need direction toward: 1) reducing the magnitude and permanence of the early principal parenchymal cell injury; 2) diminishing the severity of the early microvascular change which adds significantly to the early parenchymal cell damage; 3) determining the mechanics of the progressive vascular sclerosis with a view to retarding this effect; and 4) lessening the reactive fibrosis. PMID- 1253128 TI - Residual disabilities in children treated for intracranial space-occupying lesions. AB - A retrospective study of 30 long-term survivors of cranial or craniospinal irradiation for intracranial space-occupying lesions has demonstrated physical and mental handicaps in the majority. This is most severe in those cases treated before the age of 11 years, and is not confined to those children having craniospinal or whole-brain irradiation. The mental handicap also appears to be progressive, but cannot be easily examined in this retrospective study. PMID- 1253129 TI - Late effects of therapeutic irradiation on the skeleton and bone marrow. AB - Sequelae in the skeleton and bone marrow can be important late consequences for survivors following radiation therapy of cancer. Skeletal sequelae of radiation therapy often are predictable, although they may not be avoidable. The growth suppressive effects of therapeutic irradiation may occur in any bone, but most often are noted in the spine after doses in excess of 2000 rads. Mature bone and cartilage may be devitalized by irradiation without clinical consequence until stressed. Although malignant tumors may arise in irradiated bone and cartilage, the risk is minimal and is readily accepted in modern-day radiation oncology. Radiation-induced suppression of bone marrow function usually is of immediate rather than late consequence; however, functional recovery after therapeutic irradiation, while prolonged, is more complete than formerly thought. Leukemia rarely develops secondary to therapeutic irradiation. PMID- 1253130 TI - Decreased risk of radiation-associated second malignant neoplasms in actinomycin D-treated patients. AB - One hundred two long-term survivors of childhood cancers with second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) were collected from 10 institutions. Forty-seven cases fulfilling study criteria were studied to determine the risk of developing a SMN in irradiated fields after exposure to various chemotherapeutic agents. The case control method was used. The risk of developing such tumors was decreased by a factor of 7 in patients receiving actinomycin-D (AMD). The "protective" effect of AMD was more pronounced in patients receiving repeated courses of the agent. No change in relative risk was found for children given antifolates, the vinca alkaloids, or alkylating agents. AMD "protection" is an unexpected finding because the agent is an oncogen in animals and an enhancer of radiation, the latter being a known carcinogen. Possible mechanisms, which remain speculative, are discussed. These results indicate the need for careful long-term observation of cancer survivors to gain understanding of the late effects of multimodal treatments. PMID- 1253131 TI - Acute and late effects on normal tissues following combined chemo- and radiotherapy for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Twenty-three patients with rhabdomyosarcoma and 15 patients with Ewing's sarcoma, treated with radiation therapy to the local site and systemic multiagent chemotherapy are described. Acute reactions from combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy were noted in both groups of patients. These reactions often appeared after low doses of irradiation, required unplanned interruptions of treatments, and in some patients, led to discontinuation of radiation therapy. The chronic effects on normal tissues in both groups of patients have been severe in several cases. PMID- 1253132 TI - Late effects of cancer therapy: the role of the clinical pharmacologist. AB - The clinical pharmacologist, by increasing our knowledge of the molecular mode of action of drugs and their specific anticancer mechanisms, can help to predict which therapies would be expected to have late effects that were progeric, infectious, or oncogenic, and in which organs such effects could arise. By insisting upon the inclusion of appropriate controls, the pharmacologist can help attribute any observed late effects to a primary host-disease diathesis, or to the direct effects of therapy, or to the indirect effects of prolongation of the life of the host. Finally, by participating in the design and including appropriate control groups from the start of new clinical trials, the clinical pharmacologist can help restrict clinical therapies whose antitumor effects are absent or small but whose late toxic potentials are high. PMID- 1253133 TI - Statistical problems in detecting the late consequences of therapy. PMID- 1253134 TI - Delayed consequences of cancer therapy: proven and potential. Basic mechanisms. PMID- 1253135 TI - Frankly speaking about nursing education. National and/or regional centers for preparing nursing educators. PMID- 1253137 TI - Cross-Canada registration. PMID- 1253136 TI - Crying: the neglected dimension. PMID- 1253138 TI - Brushing brigade. PMID- 1253139 TI - Blindness can be prevented. PMID- 1253140 TI - Nursing via satellite. PMID- 1253142 TI - A contemporary dilemma in nursing administration. PMID- 1253141 TI - Communicable diseases and immunizations. PMID- 1253143 TI - Physical assessment of the newborn. PMID- 1253144 TI - A practical guide to successful breast-feeding. PMID- 1253145 TI - Freezing breast milk at home. PMID- 1253146 TI - Babies at risk? PMID- 1253147 TI - Matthew my son: prepared childbirth at the General. PMID- 1253148 TI - Shaping a new future. PMID- 1253149 TI - Epidemiological implications of animal leukemia virus models for the human situation: formal discussion. PMID- 1253150 TI - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination and cancer prevention: a critical review of the human experience. AB - Published studies of the cancer experiences of children vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in antituberculosis programs were reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of each evaluated. There is little evidence that vaccination outside of the neonatal period is effective. If there is an effect of neonatal vaccination, it must convey only a small amount of "protection." Follow-up studies adequate to assess the long-term effects of such vaccination, particularly the risk of lymphoma, have not been done, and recent evidence indicates that such evaluation is warranted. PMID- 1253151 TI - Potential leukemia virus subunit vaccines: discussion. PMID- 1253152 TI - Immunological control of human leukemia: discussion. PMID- 1253153 TI - Current epidemiological evidence for transmission of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The epidemiological evidence relating to the possibility of person-to-person transmission of Hodgkin's disease is reviewed. A number of studies are found to be difficult to interpret because of the absence of control data. It is concluded that, although certain studies are consistent with the hypothesis of person-to person transmission, the evidence is a present weak and further epidemiological studies are needed. PMID- 1253154 TI - Evidence for infectious component of Hodgkin's disease and related considerations. AB - The four epidemiological approaches used to evaluate the hypothesis that Hodgkin's disease might have an infectious component are reviewed. The limitations of each approach are summarized and some related questions are raised. The emerging picture for Hodgkin's disease is that a variety of factors, both environmental and genetic, might be important in the etiology of this disorder. PMID- 1253155 TI - An animal model for DNA-RNA virus interaction based upon virological and histological findings. AB - The presence of endogenous oncornavirus and herpesvirus in guinea pigs has been established. The oncornavirus apparently is present in all guinea pigs but is expressed only under certain conditions. Expression of the latent herpesvirus is generally age and strain dependent as is the development of spontaneous guinea pig leukemia. Following special laboratory manipulation, expression of both virus types was accomplished in vitro. Studies of the role played by these two virus types in the development of neoplastic disease in guinea pigs revealed that, in the presence of the endogenous oncornavirus, a superinfection with herpesvirus led to the development of self-limited lymphoproliferative changes. Together with the studies reported by other investigators, it appears that interaction between the DNA and RNA viruses may play an important role in the natural occurrence of viral oncogenesis. Guinea pigs provide an intriguing animal model for the study of herpesvirus and oncornavirus interaction both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 1253156 TI - Epstein-Barr virus behavior in different populations and implications for control of Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors. AB - The epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in populations at different risk for EBV-associated diseases indicates significant differences between the populations. EBV infection takes place much earlier in Uganda, where all children are infected before the age of 2 to 3 years, than in Southeast Asia, where nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prevalent. It is proposed that such early infection in Equatorial Africa is related to the risk for Burkitt's lymphoma. Four possible interventions to control EBV-associated diseases are presented: (a) simple hygienic measures to delay natural primary infection by EBV; (b) EBV vaccine; (c) intervention against cofactors such as malaria in Burkitt's lymphoma; and (d) characterization of high-risk groups to allow early detection and successful treatment. PMID- 1253157 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies of immunotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with transfer factor. AB - Epstein-Barr virus, the apparent cause of infectious mononucleosis, may also be an etiological agent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Lymphocytes from normal individuals with anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibody activity may be sensitized to Epstein-Barr virus and contain transfer factor with the potential to program and/or recruit other lymphocytes to react against the virus and/or viral antigens. A patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma refractory to conventional therapy was treated with transfer factor obtained from normal, young adults with previous history of infectious mononucleosis. Following immunotherapy, apparent slowing of tumor growth was observed, which was associated with intense lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor and reconstitution of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to microbial recall antigens. A double-blind randomized clinical trial has been initiated to determine whether transfer factor immunotherapy is a useful adjunct to radiotherapy in the primary treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. If successful, a similar trial might be considered for African patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 1253158 TI - Murine and rat mammary tumors as models for the immunological study of human breast cancer. AB - The human breast cancer process and some aspects of experimental mammary cancer are compared in the light of Huxley's hypothesis that each neoplastic cell line may be viewed as a new obligate parasitic species derived from metazoan cells. Sufficient correlations are found to justify the hope that the viral-induced mouse mammary oncogenic process and the carcinogen-induced rat mammary system may serve as reasonable models of the human disease for immunological studies. PMID- 1253159 TI - In vitro immune responses to viral and tumor antigens in murine breast cancer. AB - Inhibition of migration of peritoneal exudate cells proved to be a useful measurement of cell-mediated immunity which correlated in several respects with blastogenic transformation reactions. Lectins (phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A) inhibited the migration of peritoneal exudate cells from normal and tumor-bearing mice, whereas tumor antigen caused inhibition of migration of cells from tumor-bearing animals only. The disparity in immunogenic capacity previously observed with lymphocyte transformation studies was also manifested in migration inhibition, i.e., D1-DMBA-3 tumor being immunogenic and D1-DMBA-2 being nonimmunogenic. Using the migration inhibition and blastogenic transformation reactions, responses were obtained to mammary tumor virus (MTV) antigen(s) in cells from BALB/cCrgl mice, which are free of MTV. In contrast, cells from MTV positive BALB/cfC3H mice failed to respond to this antigen(s) in both reactions, suggesting a form of tolerance. However, the reactions became positive after implantation with MTV-containing spontaneous mammary tumors. Two possible explanations of the origin of reactive lymphocytes, horizontal transmission, or activation of a gene coding for an MTV antigen(s), are discussed. PMID- 1253160 TI - Microcytotoxicity assay of immune responses to non-mammary tumor virus-induced, preneoplastic, and neoplastic mammary lesions in BALB/c mice. AB - Using a microcytotoxicity assay we have studied the immune responses to the preneoplastic, hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) lines D1 and D2 and to the mammary tumors arising spontaneously from them in BALB/c mice. Lymph node cells (LNC) from mice bearing HAN implants, or from mice whose implants had been removed greater than 1 week prior to testing, failed significantly to inhibit survival of HAN cells in culture. Specific inhibition of HAN cells was found, however, in 9 of 28 experiments with LNC from mice whose implants had been removed within the week of testing, and not with LNC from sham-operated controls. On the other hand, increased survival of HAN cells was also seen with LNC from sensitized, as opposed to normal, mice. This was more frequent for tests with D1 than with D2 HAN cells (38 versus 9%) and when the LNC donors were still bearing HAN IMPLANTs (60% of tests versus 27% when implants removed). Following sensitization by implantation and subsequent removal of D1 or D2 tumors, LNC mediated inhibition of tumor cell survival, specific for each tumor, was found in about 25% of the tests. Increased survival of tumor cells, however, was seen in 30 to 40% of the tests. This increased survival cross-reacted between D1 and D2 tumors and between D1-D2 and mammary tumor virus-induced tumors, but not between D1-D2 and chemically induced mammary tumors or fibrosarcomas. Increased survival could be blocked by sera from sensitized mice. In contrast to mammary tumor virus induced mammary lesions, the immune responses to D1 and D2 HAN lines and tumors are "weak" and indeed perhaps stimulate hyperplastic and neoplastic cell survival. PMID- 1253161 TI - Regulatory approach toward vaccines against cancer: the benefit/risk ratio. AB - Decisions regarding investigational new drug applications for testing of all biologicals to be used in humans, including those designed to prevent or treat cancers, must be considered in terms of benefit/risk ratios. In order for a regulatory organization to make the appropriate decision regarding the testing of new biologicals in humans, it must have an extremely broad dialog within the critical scientific public and the general public, which are represented on committees functioning in the Bureau of Biologics. There must be a generaly consensus regarding the benefit/risk ratio of proposed new biologicals for scientific progress and the effective regulation of biologicals. PMID- 1253162 TI - Long-term organ culture of human bronchial epithelium. AB - Human bronchial epithelium has been maintained in organ culture in serum supplemented medium for 4 months. After 4 to 6 weeks in culture, various changes in morphology were apparent. There was an increase in autophagic vacuoles in mucous, ciliated, and basal cells, a reduction in the height of the columnar cells, a decrease in the number of goblet mucous cells, and an increase in cells with small mucous granules. After 3 months in culture, the basal lamina was frequently covered by 2 or 3 layers of epithelial cells consisting of nonkeratinizing squamous cells with short microvilli and small mucous granules. Less frequently, keratinizing squamous cells were seen. Differentiated epithelium incorporated precursors into macromolecules in serum-free medium, supplemented with vitamin A, at 1 week of culture. These explants exhibited changed epithelium by 2 weeks, similar to that described for epithelium in serum-supplemented medium after 4 to 6 weeks. PMID- 1253163 TI - Binding of (3H)benzo(a)pyrene to DNA in cultured human bronchus. AB - The studies reported here demonstrate some of the factors affecting the binding of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to macromolecules in cultured human bronchial mucosa. Bronchial specimens were obtained at either surgy or "immediate" autopsy from patients with and without lung cancer. Grossly normal-appearing pieces of bronchus were cultured in a chemically defined medium, i.e., CMRL 1066 medium containing 1 mug insulin per ml, 0.1 mug beta-retinyl acetate per ml,, 0.1 mug hydrocortisone hemisuccinate per ml, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 units penicillin G per ml, and 100 mug streptomycin per ml. After 7 days, explant cultures were exposed to [3H]BP, usually for 24 hr, and then binding to total cellular macromolecules was studied by autoradiography, and binding to DNA was measured following isolation of DNA from bronchial mucosal cells. The extent of binding of [3H]BP was dependent on dose of BP, length of exposure to [3H]BP, and temperature. By autoradiography, bronchial epithelial cells bound more [3H]BP than stromal fibroblasts. Both 7,8-benzoflavone and butylated hydroxytoluene appeared to reduce the level of [3H]BP bound to DNA, while nicotine apparently did not alter the level of binding. These studies demonstrate that the bronchial mucosa, an important human cancer target tissue, has the capability to form metabolites of BP which bind to macromolecules including DNA. In addition, 7,8-benzoflavone and butylated hydroxytoluene, both known to alter the microsomal metabolism of BP, reduce the level of [3H]BP bound to DNA. PMID- 1253164 TI - Synergism between neutron radiation and diethylstilbestrol in the production of mammary adenocarcinomas in the rat. AB - When young female A X C rats were given 9.6 rads of 0.43-MeV neutrons, 32 of 33 survived a 50-week follow-up period, 2 rats developed a total of 3 mammary adenocarcinomas, and 3 rats developed a total of 4 mammary fibroadenomas. For 25 rats implanted with a 20-mg pellet containing 5 mg diethylstilbestrol and 15 mg cholesterol, average survival was 284 days; 22 rats developed a total of 182 mammary adenocarcinomas, and 21 rats developed a pituitary tumor. When diethylstilbestrol was given 2 days before neutron radiation to 35 rats, the average survival was 239 days; 32 rats developed a total of 842 mammary adenocarcinomas, 1 rat developed a single mammary fibroadenoma, and 34 rats developed a pituitary tumor. All of the 31 control rats survived the 50-week study period, and none developed tumors. Twenty-one of the rats that received both diethylstilbestrol and neutron radiation and 1 rat that received only diethylstilbestrol exhibited a multiple mammary adenocarcinoma response with a range of 18 to 72 mammary adenocarcinomas per rat. These results were interpreted to mean that a synergistic interaction between diethylstilbestrol and neutron radiation on mammary adenocarcinoma formation occurs in terms of an earlier onset and a larger number of mammary adenocarcinomas. These results confirm and complement a previously reported synergistic interaction between diethylstilbestrol and X-radiation on mammary adenocarcinoma formation in A X C female rats. PMID- 1253166 TI - A transient thermotolerant survival response produced by single thermal doses in HeLa cells. AB - Continuous exposure of HeLa cells in culture to elevated temperatures (41-45 degrees) results in cell killing which increases exponentially as the time at the elevated temperature increases linearly. When cells are returned to 37 degrees after an initial thermal dose, cellular sensitivity to subsequent hyperthermic doses is reduced. Cell inactivation rates for cultures previously treated with 44 degrees for either 0.5 or 1 hr followed by incubation at 37 degrees for 2 hr, showed D0's of 1.1 and 1.5 hr, respectively, for subsequent thermal treatments at 44 degrees. Cultures receiving no prior hyperthermic dose had a D0 of 0.5 hr for treatments at 44 degrees for up to 3.5 hr. The viable progeny of cells treated with 44 degrees for 1 hr, however, had the same sensitivity to thermal doses at 44 degrees as did previously unheated cells. These results and others demonstrate that (a) single thermal dose produce a state of thermotolerance in HeLa cells to subsequent hyperthermic doses; (b) the degree of thermotolerance produced is dependent on the magnitude (i.e., temperature and time at the elevated temperature) of the first thermal dose; (cy thermotolerance does not develop at the elevated temperature but requires a return of culture temperatures to 37 degrees; (d) cellular acquisition of thermal tolerance is dependent on cell metabolism, as demonstrated by an inhibition of the effect at 0 degrees; and (e) this effect is a transient phenomenon which is lost as cells divide following the first thermal dose. PMID- 1253165 TI - Detergent lysis for isolation of intact polysomes of Nivikoff hepatoma ascites cells. AB - An efficient, rapid procedure for the isolation of polysomes from Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells that avoids mechanical shear was developed, and Ivory was used as the detergent to lyse the cells. This method yields classes of large polysomes and 3- to 5-fold increased yields over that of routine homogenization procedures. Up to 70% of the polysome population is larger than tetramers. The polysomes and ribosomes are morphologically intact and contain undegraded ribosomal RNA and biologically active messenger RNA. This procedure also yields nuclei free of cytoplasmic contamination as a by-product of polysome isolation. These nuclei do not show evidence of protein degradation and are enzymatically active with respect to RNA polymerases I and II. PMID- 1253167 TI - Effects of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on nuclear DNA synthesis in rat liver. AB - A system for the study of DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei is described for sham and regenerating rat liver. The system has been characterized with respect to nuclear purity, conditions for optimum incorporation of [5-methyl-3H]thymidine triphosphate, time course of incorporation, product analysis by neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients, and the effect of exogenously added DNA. No difference in the basal level of activity was detected between nuclei prepared from normal or regenerating liver when isolated 24 hr after operation. However, exogenous activated DNA preferentially stimulated [5-methyl-3H]thymidine triphosphate incorporation in nuclei from regenerating liver. Activated DNA caused to react with the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was a less effective primer-template in this system and decreased in a dose-dependent fashion the incorporation of [5-methyl-3H]thymidine triphosphate to below basal levels in nuclei from both normal and regenerating liver. The carcinogen N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine had no inhibitory effect when assayed in this fashion. PMID- 1253168 TI - Metastasizing tumors from serum-supplemented and serum-free cell lines from a C57BL mouse lung tumor. AB - A tissue culture cell line was established from an alveologenic lung carcinoma from a C57BL/lcrf-at mouse. The cells can be maintained in a completely defined serum-free medium. Tumors derived from the tissue culture cells grown in serum free or serum-supplemented medium give rise to lung metastases. The ultrastructure of the tissue culture cells in both media is similar to that of spontaneous or induced alveologenic mouse lung tumors. PMID- 1253169 TI - Isonucleolinosis in cell cultures of human meningiomas. AB - In cell cultures of 13 human meningiomas the internal structure of the nucleolus was stained by the toluidine blue-molybdate method and compared with the karyotype of the tumors. Although some of the meningiomas had lost or gained one or more chromosomes and had undergone structural aberrations, all of them showed isonucleolinosis, which is normally found only in cells with normal karotype. It seems possible that the occurrence of iso- or anisonucleolinosis is not a specific sign of euploidy or aneuploidy, but of benignity or malignancy of the examined tissue. PMID- 1253170 TI - Purification, analysis, and subunits of myeloma (MOPC 21) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase A (1) by polyriboadenylate-sepharose. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase A (or 1) was purified from murine myeloma MOPC 21 by diethylaminoethyl Sephadex chromatography. Further separation from DNA polymerases, protein kinase and DNA endonuclease was accomplished by polyriboadenylate-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by gradient centrifugation. Yields following chromatography were 100%, but following gradient centrifugation only 25 to 30% of the activity remained. Addition of low-molecular weight components increased yields to 50 to 60%. Several species of myeloma polymerase A could be detected, and subunits of 190,000 and 125,000 daltons were identified. No evidence of phosphorylation of the polymerase was found. PMID- 1253171 TI - Alkylating properties of phosphoramide mustard. AB - The relative alkylating activities of two of the cytotoxic metabolites of cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard and nornitrogen mustard, have been studied at pH 4.6 and 7.4. The products formed on alkylation of ethanethiol by these metabolites have been identified, confirming that phosphoramide mustard undergoes alkylation reactions as an intact molecule. Deuterated analogs of the two metabolites have been synthesized, namely N,N-bis(2,2-dideutero-2 chloroethyl)-phosphorodiamidic acid and N,N-bis(2,2-dideutero-2-chloroethyl)amine and used to determine that alkylation proceeds directly via an aziridinium intermediate rather than a direct SN2 displacement of the chlorine atom. PMID- 1253172 TI - Close reproduction by different laboratories of characteristics of circadian rhythm in 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine tolerance by mice. AB - The tolerance of BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice to the popular cytostatic drug 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was tested in two laboratories about 1000 km apart. According to the same plan and on the same days in Little Rock, Ark., and Minneapolis, Minn., nine groups of 20 mice each received four courses of ara-C treatment, with 4-day intervals between them beginning February 7, 1973. In each course, a total dose of 240 mg/kg was divided among eight separate injections administered at 3-hr intervals. One group of mice received equal doses of ara-C every 3 hr (the homeostatic schedule). The eight other groups in each location received the same total dose per course but in gradually increasing and decreasing doses (the sinusoidal schedule). The timing of the highest doses on the latter schedule differed among the eight groups (by integer multiples of 3 hr). As predicted from earlier work, survival times after treatment with ara-C on different sinusoidal schedules differed drastically. However, the timing of the sinusoidal schedules yielding the longest survival was similar in the two locations. The survival times from all sinusoidal treatments from a given location were fitted by a 24-hr cosine curve. The timing of the rhythm in tolerance as a whole as thereby computed as the lag from local midnight of the peak in the cosine curve best fitting all data. The timing of this tolerance rhythm (briefly, circadian chronotolerance), computed separately for data from Arkansas and Minnesota, agreed within 1 hr. There also was close agreement in the results obtained by the 2 laboratories in mean survival time; the percentage of survivors when mice were treated according to certain of the selected sinusoidal schedules was much greater than for mice treated on the homeostatic schedule. This large and reproducible difference in tolerance and the similar timing of the overall fitted function describing chronotolerance in the hands of different investigators underlines the urgency of testing potential benefits from timed clinical treatment. PMID- 1253173 TI - Electron spin resonance spin-label studies of intercalation of ethidium bromide and aromatic amine carcinogens in DNA. AB - A spin-labeled technique has been developed for the study of carcinogen-DNA intercalation mechanisms utilizing a modified ethidium bromide as a model ligand and specifically synthesized spin labels of carcinogenic aromatic amines such as 2-aminofluorene, 2-aminoanthracene, and 6-aminochrysene. The technique takes advantage of the characteristic electron spin resonance anisotropy of the corresponding spin labels complexed with DNA. Analysis of the orientation dependent information thus obtained has clearly shown that the lignad moieties in all 4 respective complexes are accommodated in adjacent base-pair layers of the DNA with the nitroxide reporter oriented in 1 preferential direction. The geometry of the nitroxide rings with respect to their respective constraining ligands in a particular complex appeared to be largely dependent upon the size of the ligand moiety and the position of the reporter attachment on the ligand molecule. A coplanar configuration is most favored for the spin labels in which the ligand moiety per se is a 3-fused ring with the nitroxide substituted at a position on or close to the longitudinal end of the ligand molecule. Temperature studies in which the heat-induced release of the bound label is monitored by electron spin resonance gives an accurate measure of the complex dissociation characteristics that appear to parallel the helical coil cooperative melting transition monitored by absorbance measurements. The extent of dissociation of the bound spin labels parallels almost exactly the melting, i.e., unzipping of the DNA double helix, suggesting that the spin labels are immobilized by intercalation at the site on the DNA directly involved in the maintenance of the double helical structure. Analysis of the electron spin resonance spectra of the complexes in terms of the extent of immobilization indicates that, for aromatic amine spin labels, two different binding species exist, one strongly immobilized presumably at a guanine-cytosine base-pair region and the other partially immobilized in a region other than guanine-cytosine base pair. Competitive binding of the labels with respect to their parent ligand and binding isotherm results show that nitroxide substitution does not affect the type of binding but does affect the extent of binding, i.e.. binding constant with the labeled compound having a lower affinity. PMID- 1253174 TI - The age-dependent efficacy of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid therapy upon the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice. AB - The synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide, polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid, has been shown to increase the long-term survival of AKR mice. In order to determine whether this effect was age dependent, polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid was administered to AKR mice starting at 2, 4, 6, or 8 months of age. The best therapeutic effect was achieved when polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid treatments were begun at 2 months of age, and there was no beneficial effect when begun at 8 months of age. PMID- 1253175 TI - The influence of tumor volume and the degree of heating on the response of the solid Yoshida sarcoma to hyperthermia (40-42 degrees). AB - The solid Yoshida sarcoma implanted on the feet of rats was subjected to local hyperthermia by water bath immersion. Tumor response was governed by the temperature and duration of heating (i.e., the degree of heating) and by tumor volume. With small tumors (1.0- to 1.5-ml volume) an intratumor temperature of 42 degrees maintained for 1 hr led to tumor regression in 11 to 13 days, and the tumor volume was halved every 2.6 days. Following 2 hr hyperthermia (42 degrees) the tumors disappeared in 6 to 7 days, and tumor volume was halved every 1.2 days. Tumors of 2 to 3-mol volume had left the exponential phase of the growth curve and required 2 hr at 42 degrees for cure. Following heating at 40 degrees for 1 hr, there was a 50% increase in O2 uptake and anaerobic CO2 production by the tumor, accompanied by enhanced dissemination by lymphatic, vascular, and direct routes, and tumor was found in organs not usually the site of metastases (e.g., testis and stomach). With large tumors (3.0 to 4.5 ml), the survival time of the rats was significantly reduced. These results occurred in the absence of a rise in body temperature of the animals. It is concluded that in this animal tumor system, hyperthermia at a temperature inadequate for tumor destruction (40 degrees) can result in changes in the tumor that represent a hazard to the host. PMID- 1253176 TI - Polyadenylic acid content and electrophoretic behavior of in vitro released RNA's in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Cytoplasmic RNA from control and thioacetamide-intoxicated rat livers was compared with regard to components separated by polyacrylamide electrophoresis and for the proportion containing polyadenylic acid segments. A further comparison was made with the RNA's released from rat liver nuclei in vitro. Exposure in vivo to thioacetamide was associated with more cytoplasmic RNA's with migrations of 9 to 16 S and with both an acute and prolonged increase in the relative quantity of polyadenylic acid-containing polyribonucleotides. Incubation of control nuclei in vitro was associated with a leakage of approximately 1 to 2% of nuclear RNA with a major migration band at 9 S. Addition of adenosine 5' triphosphate increased the transport 20-fold, and 9 and 16 S species were transported as well as a 4 S group. Following exposure to thioacetamide, an enhanced "leakiness" released 9 S RNA. Addition of adenosine 5'-triphosphate doubled the quantity of released RNA, which consisted of 9 and 4 S species. Both leaked and adenosine 5'-triphosphate-transported RNA's contained polyadenylic acid segments in roughly 20% of the macromolecules. These studies extend the observation of less stringent control of RNA release and transport in carcinogen exposure and suggest the potential usefulness of the in vitro release system for assaying cellular regulatory phenomena. PMID- 1253177 TI - The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. AB - The relationship between the size distribution of vessels in an implanted tumor, the size distribution of tumor cell clumps collected in the venous effluent of the tumor, and the development of pulmonary metastases have been studied. The purpose is to evaluate the importance of clumps and their site of formation in the metastatic process. The results demonstrate a negative exponential character for both the size distribution of effluent tumor clumps and the tumor vessel population. Tumor trauma or massage increases total tumor cells and clumps released into the effluent. Serial amputation demonstrates that tumor cells are continuously being released on a day-by-day basis in vivo. A linear relationship exists between the proportion of vessels with diameters large enough to pass a tumor clump of a given size and the proportion of clumps of that size within the venous effluent. Injection of tumor cells in clumps of 6 to 7 cells produces a significantly greater number of metaststic foci than does a similar number of single tumor cells; larger clumps produce significantly more metastatic foci than do smaller clumps matched for the number of cells. These studies verify the significance of tumor clumps in the metastatic process. It is suggested that tumor cell clumps arise locally within the vascular bed of the tumor. PMID- 1253178 TI - The 7.1 S nuclear DNA polymerase and DNA replication in intact liver. AB - Just as after 70% hepatectomy, the activity of the 7.1 S DNA polymerase, but not the 3.2 S polymerase, is elevated in liver nuclei from unoperated animals in which hepatic DNA replication has been induced with a mixture of biochemicals or by a dietary manipulation. Again as with regenerating liver, the stimulated intact livers show a relationship between the increases in the enzyme activity and thymidine incorporation in vivo over a wide range of hepatic responses. These observations are consistent with a role for the 7.1 S activity in nuclear DNA replication. Cytosine arabinoside 5'-triphosphate and novobiocin can be used to distinguish between the 3.2 S and 7.1 S polymerases from nuclei of stimulated intact liver as well as of regenerating liver. PMID- 1253179 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of 10 benzo(a)pyrene phenols and the identification of 1-phenol and 7-phenol as new metabolites. AB - The separation of ten isomeric benzo(a)pyrene phenols has been accomplished by the use of high-pressure liquid chromatography utilizing a newly developed recycling technique and new column and solvent systems. Using this new system and comparing the metabolites obtained with authentic standards, we have isolated 1 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene and 7-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene and identified them as metabolites formed by rat liver microsomes. In previously reported chromatography systems, the new metabolites migrated with another metabolite, 3 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. PMID- 1253181 TI - Glutathione-S-epoxide transferase activity during development and the effect of partial hepatectomy. AB - The specific activity of glutathione-S-epoxide transferase with styrene oxide and 3-methylcholanthrene-11, 12-oxide was determined in rat liver and lung during development from the fetal to the adult stage and after partial hepatectomy. Enzyme activity in fetal liver or lung at 18 days of gestation was about 20% of that observed in the adult; it rose rapidly to the adult value by 21 days of age. Hepatic enzyme activity was reduced to 50% of control values by 12 hr after partial hepatectomy; enzyme activity returned to control values by 48 hr. No diurnal variation in the activity of glutathione-S-epoxide transferase was observed in rat liver. PMID- 1253180 TI - Increased cell killing by metronidazole and nitrofurazone of hypoxic compared to aerobic mammalian cells. AB - Nitromidazole and nitrofuran derivatives comprise a large family of compounds, some of which have been shown to be hypoxic cell specific radiosensitizers in vivo and in vitro. The effects of metronidazole (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1 ethanol) and nitrofurazone (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) were studied on cell viability in vitro in the presence of air or nitrogen in the absence of radiation. Exponential-phase Chinese hamster ovary cells were placed in suspension culture in complete medium in the presence of air, made hypoxic by flowing nitrogen (less then 0.001% oxygen), and exposed to various concentrations of these drugs. As a function of time, aliquots were removed and plated to determine cell viability. After 8 hr of incubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells in 29 mM metronidazole or 500 muM nitrofurazone, the absolute plating efficiency remains relatively constant (80 to 40%) in the presence of air. In contrast, under hypoxic conditions the plating efficiency of the cells dropped to 1% after 6 hr of incubation in 29 mM metronidazole or 500 muM nitrofurazone. This phenomenon of hypoxic cell specific toxicity was found to be dependent upon cell type, concentration of drug, temperature of incubation, and oxygen concentration. The results of these experiments indicate an increased toxicity of these drugs under hypoxic conditions and suggest that further investigation into the mechanism and specificity of these effects is warranted. PMID- 1253182 TI - The effect of levamisole on cell-mediated immunity and suppressor cell function. AB - The immunopotentiating drug, levamisole, was found to augment human lymphocyte responses to allogeneic cells and plant mitogens in vitro. The effect was critically dose dependent and, at high doses, suppression rather than augmentation of the immune response was observed. Our hypothesis that augmentation of immune responses by the drug is due to the selective impairment of immunoregulatory suppressor activity was tested in a model using human splenic and thymic suppressor cells. Contrary to expectation, the drug was found to be capable of augmenting suppressor activity rather than abolishing it. It is concluded that levamisole is a nonspecific stimulator of lymphocyte function, irrespective of the role played by these cells in the human response. PMID- 1253183 TI - Evaluation of vitamin A analogs in modulating epithelial differentiation of 13 day chick embryo metatarsal skin explants. AB - Seventeen vitamin A compounds were evaluated in organ culture for activity in altering epithelial differentiation of metatarsal skin explants from 13-day-old chick embryos. The explants keratinized in 6 to 8 days and, when cultured in the presence of beta-retinoic acid (RA), inhibition of keratinization occurred and a mucous metaplasia developed. A cyclopentenyl analog of retinoic acid was approximately 10-fold more effective than RA in producing mucous metaplasia. Six other analogs exhibited about the same activity as RA: trimethylmethoxyphenyl analog of retinoic acids, alpha-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, methyl retinoate, ethyl retinoate, and N-ethylretinamide. The following 5 vitamin A compounds were about one-fourth as effective as RA: the trimethylmethoxyphenyl analog of ethylretinamide, the phenyl analog of retinoic acid, the trimethylmethoxyphenyl analog of ethyl retinoate, beta-retinyl acetate, and retinol. The furyl analog of retinoic acid and N,N-diethylretinamide were approximately one-tenth and one-fifteenth less effective than RA in inhibiting keratinization. The analog, alpha-retinyl acetate, was about one-hundredth as effective as RA and the pyridyl analog of retinoic acid (2.5 X 10(-5) M) did not inhibit keratinization. Since the property of altering epithelial differentiation may be a fundamental requirement for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of malignant epithelial lesions, this system can be used to determine whether the new synthetic analogs of vitamin A are active in modulating epithelial differentiation. PMID- 1253184 TI - The influence of retinyl acetate on the postinitiation phase of preneoplastic lung nodules in rats. AB - The effects of retinyl acetate (RA) on the development of carcinogen-induced metaplastic lung nodules were investigated. Four mg of 3-methylcholanthrene were administered intratracheally to F344 rats maintained on a vitamin A-free diet and receiving 31.4 nmoles of RA per week by intragastric intubation. At 3, 5, and 10 weeks after intratracheal instillation of 3-methylcholanthrene, one group of 24 rats each was started on a weekly dose of 31,400 nmoles of RA; a control group was continued on the low-RA dose. Fifty-two weeks after 3-methylcholanthrene injection, the incidence of metaplastic lung nodules was found to be 3% in the combined high-RA-dose groups as compared with 42% in the low-RA-dose group. It is therefore concluded that RA has a significant effects on the postinitiation phase of preneoplastic lung nodules in rats. PMID- 1253185 TI - The relationship of polyamines in cerebrospinal fluid to the presence of central nervous system tumors. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polyamine concentrations were assayed in patients with and without central nervous system tumors, using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique. Definite elevations were found in the CFS polyamine concentrations of patients with untreated malignant central nervous system tumors when compared with those concentrations observed in the CSF of patients without neoplasia. Patients undergoing successful tumor therapy for malignant central nervous system tumors showed CSF polyamine concentrations that closely approximated the concentrations found in the CSF of patients without tumor. PMID- 1253186 TI - Ultrastructure of a murine mammary carcinoma exposed to hyperthermia in vivo. AB - The ultrastructural changes following local hyperthermic therapy was studied in a solid murine mammary carcinoma. A few hr after treatment, a pronounced lysosomal activity was observed in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, together with mitochondrial destruction and disaggregation of the polyribosomes. Later, more destructive changes with intense cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic lysis occurred, and within 24 hr the entire cytoplasm of all the tumor cells was completely destroyed. In the nuclei shrinkage and condensation of heterochromatin were early features. The nucleoli were gradually degranulated, but with preservation of the fibrillary component. However, here, too, complete destruction occurred within the first few days after treatment. Cells in mitosis were also arrested and destroyed in the same way. The nonmalignant cells of the tumor tissue presented only minor reversible morphological changes, and within a few days the tumor area was replaced by ingrowth of fibroblasts and macrophages. The morphological changes are discussed in the light of our present knowledge of the hyperthermic effect on tumor cells. As regards the mechanism of hyperthermic destruction of solid tumors in vivo, the hypothesis is advanced that a primary, lysosomally conditioned, selective destruction of the malignant cells occurs and that this reaction is intensified by a high acidity in the tumor milieu. PMID- 1253187 TI - Contrasting pulmonary blood flow profiles in children with atrial and ventricular septal defects. AB - Instantaneous pulmonary blood flow profiles and other measures of haemodynamic functioning were studied in children with atrial septal defects (ASD) and children with ventricular septal defects (VSD) and normal pulmonary pressures and resistance at the time of defect closure. Though most parameters measured were comparable in the patient populations, several significant differences were found in the shape of the flow profile. PMID- 1253188 TI - Influence of frequency of atrial contraction on coronary blood flow and ventricular performance in the conscious dog with myocardial infarction. AB - The effects of alterations in the frequency of contraction on coronary blood flow and ventricular performance were studied in 12 conscious, unsedated dogs with established myocardial infarction. Total and regional coronary blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres. The peak increase in flow to the right ventricle was 71% to the infarcted area of the left ventricle was 72% to the non infarcted area of the left ventricle was 90% and to the ventricular septum was 104%. Despite the generalized increases in regional myocardial blood flow, flow tended to decrease to the subendocardial portion of the infarcted area of the left ventricle. The peak increases in coronary flow and the reduction in flow to the subendocardial portion of the infarcted area occurred at a heart rate of approximately 200/min provided by atrial pacing. Myocardial contractility, as evidenced by peak increases of 16% in maximum LV dP/dt and 12% in dP/dtP, was only enhanced with abrupt incremental changes in heart rate and not with continuous atrial pacing over 15-min periods. Despite the generalized increases in coronary perfusion coronary sinus oxygen content decreased with a widening of the coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference indicating increased myocardial oxygen usage. Thus increasing frequency of contraction in myocardial infarction results in a slight initial but not sustained inotropic effect, a moderate and generalized increase in regional myocardial blood flow, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and the potential for subendocardial extension of the area of myocardial damage within the infarcted area. PMID- 1253189 TI - Effects of drugs on the negative (backflow) component of velocity patterns in the dog aorta. AB - Using an accurately calibrated flowmeter in the descending thoracic aorta of the dog, a study was made of alterations in aortic flow patterns following intravenous and intra-arterial injections of vasoactive drugs. When injected distal to the flowmeter, vasopressors caused marked backflow while vasodilators raised the level of the lowest portion of the pulsatile flow curve. When injected into the brachiocephalic artery, vasopressors prevented the development of a significant negative component whereas vasodilators caused the appearance of backflow, or augmented that which was already present. All acute elevations or decreases in peripheral resistance due to drugs were accompanied by increases in the negative or "backward" phase of flow in diastole. A significant negative flow component was noted only during these acute adjustments. A temporary differential in resistances of the upper and lower portions of the arterial circulation protected cerebral and coronary blood flow during acute haemodynamic adjustments. PMID- 1253190 TI - Mathematical formulation of post-occlusion hyperaemia and autoregulation of blood flow in the capillaron model. AB - A mathematical formulation of the blood flow behaviour through a capillaron model is described. The formulation is applied to the analysis of post-occlusion (reactive) hyperaemia and autoregulation. PMID- 1253191 TI - A note on the phase-plane technique representation of cardiac action potentials. AB - In this study the applicability of the phase-plane technique for interpreting membrane properties of cardiac cells in a two-dimensional structure is discussed. The conditions are derived for which the effects of two-dimensionality of a sheet can be neglected and for which the one-dimensional phase-plane technique for estimation of the membrane current densities remains valid. The usual phase-plane technique appears to be applicable to nodal and atrial tissue. PMID- 1253192 TI - Electrophysiological effects of ajmaline in isolated cardiac tissue. AB - The electrophysiological effects of increasing molar concentrations of ajmaline were studied in isolated cardiac tissue, including sino-atrial node and Purkinje fibre. Ajmaline produced significant shortening of the plateau of Purkinje fibre action potential associated with marked depression of dV/dt and directly measured conduction velocity. A negative chronotropic effect was noted both in the sinus node and in spontaneously beating Purkinje fibres. Ajmaline's major electrophysiological effect appears to be depression of Purkinje fibre conduction velocity. PMID- 1253193 TI - Effects of practolol on exercise tolerance and cardiac haemodynamics and metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Sixteen male patients with typical angina pectoris secondary to coronary atherosclerosis performed two daily standardized exercise tests during two consecutive days. Three hours before each exercise they received placebo or 400 mg practolol administered orally in double-blind fashion in order to complete a cross-over design. Practolol significantly prolonged the exercise duration by 30.6% and delayed the appearance time of ischaemic electrocardiographic changes by 67.7%. Maximal heart rate, systolic pressure, and pressure-rate product were also reduced after medication. In order to investigate further the effects of this beta blocking agent, myocardial function and metabolism at rest and during supine exercise were assessed in 12 male patients with coronary artery disease before and after practolol 30 mg, iv. At rest, practolol produced a decrease in tension-time index (18%), cardiac index (17%), heart rate (10%), and stroke index (7%). A significant reduction was also observed in resting stroke work index (14%) and systolic and mean aortic pressure (6%). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged. During supine exercise, only time-tension index (12%), heart rate (12%), and cardiac index (10%) were significantly reduced after the beta blocking agent. Practolol did not significantly change the arterial glucose, lactate, inorganic phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH, PCO2, or PO2. The beta blocking agent did not modify the myocardial extraction of any of these substrates at rest or during exercise. In the dosage used in both studies, practolol significantly improved the exercise tolerance and reduced the ischaemic manifestations. The efficacy of practolol in angina pectoris may result mostly from its ability to decrease heart rate and systolic pressure during exercise. PMID- 1253194 TI - Pulmonary valve incompetence. I. Evaluation using electromagnetic flow velocity catheters and a new valve insufficiency analyser. AB - In animal experiments regurgitant flow through competent and incompetent pulmonary valves was evaluated with electromagnetic flow velocity catheters by using the ratio of the separately integrated backward and forward flow velocity signals. This ratio was obtained with a special purpose analog computing circuit set by an in-vitro zero flow reference signal, which was in good agreement with in-vivo zero flow signals. PMID- 1253195 TI - Pulmonary valve incompetence. II. Application of electromagnetic flow velocity catheters in children. AB - During cardiac catheterization in 49 children regurgitant flow through competent and incompetent pulmonary valves was evaluated with electromagnetic flow velocity catheters using the ratio of the separately integrated backward and forward flow velocity signals (vb/vf). When the pulmonary valve was normal, vb/vf was less than or equal to 0.10. After operation for pulmonary valve stenosis or tetralogy of Fallot larger values were often found. In patients with an outflow patch across the pulmonary valve ring vb/vf values of up to 0.54 were found. PMID- 1253196 TI - The accuracy of caridac function indices derived from ultrasonic time-position scans. AB - A study has been made of Time-Position ultrasonic scanning as a means of obtaining measurements related to cardiac performance. The errors involved in determining these measurements have been estimated. It has been shown that the greatest accuracy can be achieved for quantities which depend on action rather than shape, such as ejection fractions and rates of myocardial fibre shortening. Attention is drawn to the fact that the ultrasonic method, unlike angiography, in no way alters the quantities being measured. PMID- 1253197 TI - Effects of intra-arterial ethanol in cardiogenic shock. AB - Unanaesthetized mongrel dogs in cardiogenic shock received a 30-min intra arterial infusion of 1 X 9 g/kg of 40% ethanol. Alcohol produced significant vasodilatation and improvements in the mean blood pressure and cardiac output. Arterial pH and the arteriovenous oxygen difference were markedly reduced, and the blood glucose concentration was significantly increased. Despite a considerable reduction in serum CPK levels, survival was not improved by ethanol. PMID- 1253198 TI - Distribution of coronary collateral flow in acute myocardial ischaemic injury: effect of propranolol. AB - The local distribution of coronary collateral flow was mapped using 8 mu tracer microspheres following circumflex coronary occlusions in dogs. Overall flow to the ischaemic posterior papillary muscle and subjacent myocardium decreased to 21% of anterior free wall flow. Collateral flow was non-uniform, however, and was lower in the subendocardium (14%) than in the subepicardium (27%). Brief temporary occlusions with and without propranolol therapy showed that collateral flow was less and the inner/outer wall ratio was unaltered in treated animals. Although propranolol reduces infarct size after coronary occlusions, this effect appears not to be related to increases in collateral flow. PMID- 1253199 TI - Selective versus non-selective His bundle pacing. AB - His bundle pacing was achieved in 10 anaesthetized open chest dogs by stimulation from bipolar electrode catheters positioned in the aortic root and right heart. Recordings were taken directly through plunge wires from the right atrium, high ventricular septum, and epicardial sites on the right and left ventricles. Six types of response were seen during A-V junctional stimulation: (1) low atrial pacing; (2) combined atrial and His bundle pacing; (3) His bundle pacing; (4) combined atrial, ventricular septal, and His bundle pacing; (5) combined septal and His bundle pacing; and (6) ventricular pacing. Pacing of the His bundle in combination with the atrium and/or ventricular septum is designated as non selective, whereas stimulation of the His bundle alone is considered selective pacing. Non-selective His bundle pacing can be recognized from the surface leads by changes in onset and amplitude of the QRS with appreciable T-wave alterations. Although electrode position was an important determinant of the type of pacing achieved, a variety of patterns of stimulation resulted from variation in the modalities of the pacing stimulus, ie, polarity, intensity, and duration. Unless these factors are considered, selective His bundle pacing may not be achieved. PMID- 1253200 TI - [Present knowledge of the pathogenesis of malignant growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253201 TI - [Some aspects of mathematization and kybernetization of clinical biochemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253203 TI - [Amylase polymorphism and phenylketonuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253202 TI - [Incidence of abnormal values in biochemical screening]. PMID- 1253204 TI - [Activity of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and serum trypsin-inhibition capacity in newborn infants]. PMID- 1253205 TI - [On the significance of the determination of total activity and isoenzymes of serum alkaline phosphatases in some types of hepatic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253207 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on plasma magnesium in the rabbit]. PMID- 1253206 TI - [Significance of placenta lactogen and placenta isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis of threatened gravidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253208 TI - [Influence of hydroxyethylrutoside on metabolism rate and biochemical functions of l-ascorbic acid in vitamin c--hyposaturated organisms of guinea pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253209 TI - [Disk electrophoresis of urinary proteins in renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253210 TI - [Detection of glycosidase activity in gels (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253211 TI - [Determination of somatotropic hormone in childhood]. PMID- 1253212 TI - [Clinical importance of exercise tests in assessing the functional activity of patients on long-term dialysis program]. PMID- 1253213 TI - [L-ascorbic acid and long-term dialysis program]. PMID- 1253214 TI - [Group sex in USA]. PMID- 1253216 TI - [Tasks of the medical societies in the period of scientific-technical development]. PMID- 1253215 TI - [Influence of tetracycline on myocardial metabolism in the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253217 TI - [Resolutions adopted by the Central Committee of the Slovak Medical Society, Bratislava, November 13, 1975]. PMID- 1253218 TI - [The recently detected systems of antigens and antibodies associated with hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253219 TI - [Comments on surgical treatment of valvular heart defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253220 TI - [Unusual manifestation of vitamin D metabolism disorder in a patient treated with anticonvulsants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253221 TI - [Diagnostic significance of B 12 vitamin levels in chronic myelosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253222 TI - [Reflection on the scientific technical revolution in medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253223 TI - [Investigation of the inflammatory-exsudative stage of healing in humans by means of liquid crystals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253224 TI - [Diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in childhood]. PMID- 1253225 TI - [Evaluation of some clinical methods for localisation of infection site in bacteriuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253226 TI - [Normal values of important systolic time intervals]. PMID- 1253227 TI - [Normal telediastolic apexcardiographic values (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253228 TI - [Inductive effect of phenobarbital and nikethamide on some microsomal processes in newborns (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253229 TI - [Geography of leukaemias and haemoblastomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253230 TI - [Impulse cytophotometry in acute leukemia]. PMID- 1253231 TI - [Pathophysiology of enlarged spleen. Early splenectomy indication in chronic lymphatic leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253232 TI - [Spleen erythrocyte pool in hereditary spherocytoses and autoimmune haemolytic anaemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253233 TI - [Albinism and the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253234 TI - [Importance of nucleolar lymphocyte changes during a course of malignant lympho granuloma]. PMID- 1253235 TI - [Nucleoli in neutrophil leukocytes in white mice strain H]. PMID- 1253236 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the glomerular filtration membrane in the rat kidney. AB - The rat kidney was perfused with saline and glutaraldehyde, treated with Murakami's tannin-osmium impregnation method, ethanol-freeze cracked and dried by the critical point method. Gold-palladium evaporated specimens were observed in a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The glomerular filtration membrane, fractured in different planes was observed with the following results: 1. Adjacent pedicles originate from different podocytes. No interpedicular bridges of apparent cytoplasmic nature could be found. 2. The basement membrane, in grazing fractures shows a horizontally layered architecture. 3. The attenuated endothelial sheet (lamina fenestrata) is divided into compartments, which we suggest should be called "areolae fenestratae", by cytoplasmic crests radiating from the nucleated portion of the endothelial cell. A crest also occurs along the cell margin, which contacts a similar crest at the margin of the adjacent cell. 4. The pores in the areolae fenestratae are variable in size (30-150 nm diameter). A knob-like projection from the apparently naked basement membrane is found in a portion of the pores. 5. Numerous microvilli may occur on the endothelium. Some of them anastomose and fuse with one another to form a net whose meshes appear identical with the endothelial pores. Domes and shelves formed of a fenestrated cytoplasmic sheet also occur above the ordinary level of the endothelial lining. A hypothesis implicating microvilli in the partial renewal of the endothelial sheet is proposed. PMID- 1253237 TI - Relationship between ciliary rootlets and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. AB - In ciliated cells of thymic cysts in Nude mice, ciliary rootlets are constantly and closely related to smooth endoplasmic reticulum and clear vesicles. This special association suggests that this structure does not play only an anchoring role but must be involved in the general metabolism of the cilium. PMID- 1253238 TI - The housefly interfacetal hair: ultrastructure of a presumed mechanoreceptor. AB - The external and internal fine structure of the housefly interfacetal hair and its sensory dendrite was studied with the scanning and transmission (high and low voltage) electron microscopes. The hair shaft contains no dendrites, and is usually situated within a socket on the lens surface. Immediately beneath and directly connected to the base of each hair is a bipolar neuron whose dendrite tip is enveloped in a shealth cell which, in turn, is surrounded by a second sheath cell. Septate junctions are seen between all these cells and contiguous portions of a large pigment cell. At the hair base, the dendrite of the neuron terminates in a tubular body only 1.5 mum in diameter which is filled with about 400 microtubules in highly ordered (in parallel pentagonal and hexagonal) arrays and whose sides are fused to neurofilaments in parallel. Another filament (ca. 70 A diameter) is in the center of each microtubule-neurofilament polygon. Structures proximal to the tubular body are typical for a scolopoid sensillum, i.e., connecting cilium (9 times 2 + 0 microtubules) with rootlet and basal bodies, unmodified dendrite, perikaryon and axon. The axon has not been traced to its synapse. The high degree of internal organization and shortness of the tubular body, as well as its eccentric insertion into the hair shaft lead to the hypothesis that this hair may be a highly sensitive mechanoreceptor. On the basis of their single innervation, these hairs could monitor flight speed from the degree of hair deflection caused by wind in general or particular laminar air currents flowing past the eyes during flight. PMID- 1253239 TI - Correlation between suckling-induced changes in the ultrastructure of mammotrophs and prolactin release. AB - Effects of suckling on the structure of mammotrophs and the release of prolactin, were studied in rats on the 10th day of lactation with the use of electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay techniques. Nursing animals were separated from their young for 8 hr and subsequently united and permitted to nurse for 1, 5, 15, 30 min; or 1, 2 and 4 hr. Blood samples were obtained prior to and throughout the suckling interval and pituitary glands were processed for electron microscopy. Control animals consisted of normal lactating females and animals separated from their young for 8 hr. Normally lactating controls had high prolactin serum levels (501 +/- 95 ng/ml) and synthetically active appearing mammotrophs. An 8 hr separation from the pups induced a dramatic lowering of serum prolactin (32 +/- 5 ng/ml), an increase in secretory granule storage, and a great dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae. Five min of renewed suckling resulted in a rise of plasma prolactin levels (605 +/- 183 ng/ml) which remained high thereafter. The major ultrastructural changes observed during the first 30 min of suckling were as follows: 1) at 1 min, the RER became cmone?); 2) AT 5 MIN, AND MUCH MORE OBVIOUSLY AT 15 AND 30 MIn, a massive discharge of secretory granules was observed; and 3) at 15 min, the collapsed RER underwent transformation for 1,2 and 4 hr) induced new hormone synthesis as suggested by the presence of hypertrophied Golgi elements and numerous immature granules. This was accompanied by a new transformation of the RER from the vesicular into a lamellar form now consisting of very slender cisternae lined with numerous ribosomes, presumably involved in the renewal of the synthetic process. The morphologic findings described correlate well with the time table of prolactin release. In addition, the dramatic early changes in the structure of the RER suggest a possible involvement of this organelle in the storage and release of a proposed rapidly releasable pool of prolactin. PMID- 1253240 TI - An ultrastructural examination of the action of vinblastine on microtubules, neurofilaments and muscle filaments in vitro. AB - In vitro incubation of autonomic nerves with vinblastine sulphate (1 times 10(-4) M) caused a disappearance of microtubules within 15 min; during the following 15 min paracrystalline arrays appeared within the axons. An increase in the abundance of microfilaments was also observed, but these did not appear to arise from disaggregated microtubules since the increase in microfilament numbers was noted at an incubation time when crystal formation was extensive. Pretreatment of autonomic nerves with colchicine (2.5 times 10(-4) M) caused a reduction of approximately 80% in the numbers of microtubules, but did not prevent the formation of crystals on subsequent exposure to vinblastine. No ultrastru"tural changes were observed in myofilaments on incubation with vinblastine. PMID- 1253241 TI - Fine structure of the fetal rat thyroid and parathyroid glands at term and during prolonged gestation. AB - The fine structure of the fetal rat thyroid and parathyroid glands was studied at term and during prolonged gestation, which was induced by subcutaneous injections of progesterone to the mothers from gestational days 20 through 24. At term, the follicular and parafollicular cells of the thyroid as well as cells of the parathyroid exhibited well developed cytoplasmic organelles. Morphological changes were not detected in either of the endocrine glands during prolonged gestation. The results are discussed in relationship to 1) thyroid follicular cell activity during stress and 2) the function of thyroid parafollicular and parathyroid cells in calcium homeostasis. PMID- 1253242 TI - Cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils in tissue culture cells: direct proof of contractility by visualization of ATP-induced contraction in fibrils isolated by laser micro-beam dissection. AB - A special cell line derived from a rat mammary adenocarcinoma (RMCD cells) displays a distinct pattern of actomyosin fibrils (AM fibrils) visible with phase contrast, Nomarski interference and polarized light optics. It was shown that the cytoplasmic AM fibrils are arranged as bundles of highly parallel F-actin filaments. The chimical nature of the filaments was identified by incubation with heavy meromyosin from rabbit skeletal muscle. These cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils actively contract under isotonic conditions. This was shown by contraction experiments under polarized light optics, by cinematographic analysis and by direct proof of the contractility of AM fibrils isolated by laser micro dissection. Thus, cytoplasmic AM fibrils can be assumed to represent structures essential for motive force generation in contraction processes in non-muscle cells. PMID- 1253243 TI - Synaptoid profiles in regenerating crustacean peripheral nerves. AB - Synapse-like structures occurring in regenerating crayfish peripheral nerves are characterized by aggregates of small (250 to 600 A) electron lucent vesicles adjacent to a thickened "presynaptic" membrane. Such synaptoid profiles are seen opposite other axons, glial processes or extracellular fibrous material. Junctions with cellular elements do not show "postsynaptic" specializations. These complexes are compared to axo-glial synapses in the developing spinal cord and to synaptoid configurations observed by others in vertebrate and invertebrate neurosecretory systems. PMID- 1253244 TI - Localization of dopamine in the endocrine hypothalamus of the rat. AB - Microspectrofluorometry, fluorescence histochemistry and light and electron microscopic autoradiography have established the presence of sub-populations of neurons in the arcuate-periventricular region of the rat hypothalamus that sequester both radiolabeled dopamine and demonstrate formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. These characteristics are consistent with a catecholaminergic function. Selective sequestration of 3H-dopamine at the light and ultrastructural level is discussed in the context of an ultrashort loop autoregulatory mechanism for this neuronal population. PMID- 1253245 TI - Neurosecretory cell types in the eyestalk of the freshwater prawn Palaemon paucidens: an electron microscopic study. AB - In the medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ (MTGX) of the eyestalk of the freshwater prawn, Palaemon paucidens, six peptidergic neurosecretory cell types (A-, B-, C-, D-, E-, and F-cells) are distinguishable on the basis of the different morphology of their elementary granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). All of these cell types seem to correspond to Type-IIIa cells or dispersing Type-IV cells, that have previously been differentiated at the light microscopic level (Hisano, 1974), as judged from the dimensions of their cell bodies and nuclei. Two other peptidergic neurosecretory cell types that are apparently comparable to the Type-II and Type-IIIb cells (Hisano, 1974), respectively, are recognized in parts of the optic ganglia other than MTGX, and these are now designated as G- and H-cells, respectively. All the remaining cell types, designated as Type-I, cluster-forming Type-IV, Type-V and Type-VI cells in our previous light microscopic study, have small cored-vesicles in their cytoplasm. It remains undecided whether these, possibly aminergic, neurons are neurosecretory or not. PMID- 1253246 TI - The lateral recess of the third ventricle in teleosts: an electron microscopic and Golgi study. AB - The ependyma lining the lateral recess of the third ventricle of the teleost inferior lobe has been studied by light and electron microscopy, including Golgi impregnation methods. As many as five different cell types appear to line the ventricle, but some of these may be similar cells in different stages of activity. One cell type contains small dense-cored vesicles and appears to have processes extending into deeper portions of the lobe. Golgi preparations reveal subependymal cells with apical processes extending to the ventricle and basal extensions which may reach the pial surface. The present observations are discussed in relation to similar studies in other fishes, amphibians and mammals. Possible functions for the various cells observed are suggested. PMID- 1253247 TI - A structural study of the anal papillae of the midge Chironomus riparius Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae). AB - Larvae of the midge, Chironomus riparius Mg., have four anal papillae arranged as two pairs, one dorsal to and the other ventral to the anus. Structural study with light and electron microscopes has revealed that their integument consists of a thin cuticle overlaying a thick, syncytial epidermis which is specialised to facilitate ion transport. There is a distinct neck or collar region at the junction of each papilla with the rest of the body wall. Although in many respects these structures resemble those in mosquitoes, there are both morphological and physiological features which suggest that differences exist in the means by which ion exchange with the environment is controlled and effected in the two families. PMID- 1253248 TI - Fat and glycogen utilization in the larynx Muscles of fire-bellied toads (Bombina bombina L.) during calling activity. AB - Both fat and glycogen are present in abundance in the larynx muscles of anurans. To clarify their role, the Musculus dilatator laryngis of the male fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina was studied. In untreated males, the mean fat content of this larynx muscle was 14%; the muscle contained glycogen amounting to 57% of that measured in the liver tissue of the same animal. After thirteen days of continual calling activity induced by administration of a gonadotropin, the fat content fell to 6%, the glycogen to 34%. The fat content was essentially unchanged (13%) by four hours of electrical stimulation of the muscle; the glycogen content, however, had fallen to 42% after this treatment. Neither component was altered in amount by castration, the fat content being about 13% and that of glycogen, 52%. Nor did treatment with gonadotropic hormone reduce either the fat content (13%) or the amount of glycogen (59%). From these results it was concluded that fats represent a direct source of energy for the larynx muscles, which is used up gradually over long periods of calling. The glycogen in these muscles, on the other hand, is a short-term store sufficient to supply energy for only a few hours of calling activity. PMID- 1253249 TI - The saccus vasculosus of Anguilla anguilla (L.) from larva to adult. I. Ultrastructural modifications of the coronet cells. AB - The ultrastructure of coronet cells of the saccus vasculosus has been studied in specimens of Anguilla anguilla (L.) at different stages of its life cycle. At all the stages observed coronet cells are composed of a basal and an apical part, the latter bearing globules with primary vesicles. In the larva (a marine form) and in the fully metamorphosed small eel at the time of entry into freshwater the narrow lumen and the vesicles within the apical globules are filled with electron dense material. In forms in which adaptation to freshwater has occurred, the saccus lumen appears expanded, the apical globules are better developed, and the electron-dense material has disappeared. It is suggested that the two situations observed represent different functional states of the organ, in relation to different conditions of environmental salinity. PMID- 1253250 TI - Pituicytes in normal and Jimpy Mice. AB - Neural lobes of control and "Jimpy" mice were examined electron microscopically. The ultrastructure and incidence of pituicytes was examined following reports of reductions in astrocyte and oligodendrocyte populations in areas of the CNS of Jimpy mice. The failure to demonstrate any modification of structure or numbers of the pituicytes in the affected animals suggests that the pituicytes are not as closely related to the satellite cells of the CNS as has previously been proposed. PMID- 1253251 TI - Fate of 3H-thymidine labelled myogenic cells in regeneration of muscle isografts. AB - Intact and denervated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of 20-day-old inbred Lewis-Wistar rats were labelled with 3H-thymidine. Ninety minutes after the injection of the isotope 4.0% of the nuclei were labelled in the intact (i.e. innervated) and 9.6% in the muscles, denervated 3 days before administration of the isotope. The labelled EDL muscles were grafted into the bed of the previously removed EDL muscles of inbred animals and these isografts were studied 30 days later. In the EDL muscles, regenerated from innervated isografts only occasionally labelled endothelial cells were found whereas in the muscles regenerated from denervated isografts also parenchymal muscle nuclei were regularly labelled. The incidence of labelled nuclei in the regenerated EDL muscles was, however, about 20 times lower than in the donor EDL muscles. The presen experiments provide a direct proof of utilization of donor satelite cell nuclei for regeneration in grafted muscle tissue. With respect to the low incidence of labelled nuclei in regenerated EDL muscles, other sources of cells apparently also contribute to the regeneration process. PMID- 1253252 TI - Ultrastructure of the endocrine cell types in the adenohypophysis of the teleost, Poecilial latipinna--a morphometric model. AB - A morphometric model providing detailed quantitative information on the ultrastructure of the adenohypophysial endocrine cells has been developed for Poecilia latipinna. The model consists of various morphological components quantified in terms of volumes, surfaces or numbers. For prolactin and growth hormone cells, appropriate results are expressed relative to the average volume of that cell type. The difficulties of quantifying EM data on pituitary glands, together with the various sources of error to which the data are clearly open, have been discussed. Some practical application of quantitative EM to problems in fish pituitary research are outlined. PMID- 1253253 TI - Oogenesis in the malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae. AB - Oogenesis has been followed with the electron microscope in 2 strains of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, from the emergence of the adult (oocytes at leptonema) till shortly before the oocytes are ready for oviposition. After pachynema the chromosomes form a karyosphere and a fibrous capsule develops around it. Work on other mosquitoes suggests that the capsule may be related to the synaptonemal complexes. Bot Anopheles strains contain at some time an extrachromosomal (not DNA-containing) body comparable to the karyosphere in size. Clusters of granules are present at the surface of the nucleolus and free in the nucleoplasm. Tentative results indicate that they may contain DNA. During oogenesis the nucleolus becomes very large, mainly because of proliferation of the nucleolonema. Towards the end of oocyte development of the nucleus assumes the large canoe-shape also seen in Aedes and Culex. Nucleolonema traverse the entire nucleus, and modified granular clusters are found throughout. PMID- 1253254 TI - The ultrastructure and calcification of the scales of Tilapia mossambica (Peters). AB - The scales of Tilapia are surrounded by an envelope of scleroblasts responsible for the production of layers of collagen that constitute the bulk of the scale. The scleroblasts adjoining the lateral face of the oldest scale region gradually atrophy. New Collagen layers are deposited against the inner face of the scale, the adjoining scleroblasts showing evidence of high metabolic activity. Calcification occurs by inotropic deposition of crystals alongside the fibres. There is no sharp demarcation between calcified and non-calcified scale regions, a calcification front gradually moving towards newly formed collagen layers. It is felt that fish scales should be considered as calcified derivatives of dermal collagen layers. PMID- 1253256 TI - The postantennal organ: a specialized unicellular sensory input to the protocerebrum in apterygotan insects (Collembola). AB - A postantennal organ occurs in three different families in Collembola. In spite of considerable diversity in their outer structures, the organs manifest many similarities in their internal structure (pore system with pores of about 50-100 A diameter, a single sensory cell with two branching ciliary outer segments, reduction of the outer receptor lymph cavity and occurrence of an electron dense secretion around the dendrites). A tendency towards an enlargement of the outer surface of the organ and towards an incorporation of the sensory cell into the protocerebrum appears to be correlated with adaptations to a strict euedaphic life. An appropriate stimulus for the organ cannot be derived from the structure unequivocally, however, it could be hygro-, chemo- or thermosensitive. Perforated surface and number of pores in the postantennal organ correspond to the values found in insect sensory hairs. PMID- 1253255 TI - Histological and electron microscopical observations on the effects of different salinities and heavy metal ions, on the gills of Jaera nordmanni (Rathke) (Crustacea, Isopoda). AB - The effects of different salinities and concentrations of copper, mercury and cadmium ions on the gills of Jaera nordmanni are investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. After exposure to 10% and 50% sea water the gill epithelium cells show a marked uniformity in appearance, possessing characteristically large, sub-cuticular spaces which are prominent between microvilli. With exposure to the heavy metal ions a similar sequence of histological and ultrastructural changes occur in all the gill epithelial cells, culminating in cell breakdown. The ultrastructural changes include distended microvilli, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, dissociated ribosomes, diffuse (swollen) cytoplasm, swollen mitochondria and a basal membrane withdrawn from the basal lamina. An increase in the number of haemocytes is also commonly observed in the haemolymph spaces during heavy metal ion exposure. The significance of the morphological changes undergone by the gill epithelial cells after exposure to different salinities and heavy metal ion concentration, are discussed in relation to the physiological functioning of the gill. PMID- 1253257 TI - Acute non-specific polyarthritis. PMID- 1253258 TI - Radiation hazards -- a guide to good practice. PMID- 1253259 TI - Letter: An interpretation. Drugs and allied substances control (general) regulations 1975: RGN 884 of 1975. PMID- 1253260 TI - Southern Africa's unusual opportunities ot make a special contribution to medicine. PMID- 1253261 TI - Iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism and preventable cataracts. PMID- 1253263 TI - Biliary pneumonia in malawi. PMID- 1253262 TI - Unusual manifestation of pneumonic plague. PMID- 1253264 TI - Tuberculosis in the African community in the City of Salisbury. PMID- 1253265 TI - Frequency of diabetes mellitus in Mtoko. PMID- 1253266 TI - [Relationship of skeletal mineralization and dietary calcium content and its absorption (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253267 TI - [Veno-occlusive exudative proctitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253268 TI - [On the differential diagnosis of liver damage in toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253269 TI - [Recent findings on the basis of reflux syndrome and their participation in standardization of the surgical treatment]. PMID- 1253270 TI - [Diagnosis of primary liver carcinoma]. PMID- 1253271 TI - [Effect of salicylates on the ascorbic acid metabolism]. PMID- 1253272 TI - [The logistic function and its use in biology]. PMID- 1253273 TI - [Model of the morphogenetic system in the late fetal period]. PMID- 1253274 TI - [Pulmonary vascular resistance during calm respiration and cough in cats]. PMID- 1253275 TI - [Evaluation of the reaction of the organism to exertion through physical exercise]. PMID- 1253276 TI - [Changes in the respiration of cellular fractions of the brain after long-term ischemia]. PMID- 1253277 TI - [Effect of cortisone on the synthesis of DNA in various rat organs under different nutrition]. PMID- 1253279 TI - [Cinematographic analysis of the respiratory function of glottis]. PMID- 1253278 TI - [Effect of oxytocin on the bioelectric activity of the hypothalamic nuclei in rats]. PMID- 1253280 TI - [Dehydrogenase and aminotransferase activity in rats adapted to repeated hypoxia in early postnatal ontogenesis]. PMID- 1253281 TI - [Effect of caffeine and fasting on the resistance of rats against aerogenous hypoxia]. PMID- 1253282 TI - [Determination of various dynamic properties of the m. gastrocnemius in the rabbit]. PMID- 1253283 TI - [Effects of hypoxia on the respiratory exchange in rats of various ages]. PMID- 1253284 TI - [Effect of Mn++ ions on the membrane systems of muscle fibers with a calcium-type of active electrogenesis]. PMID- 1253285 TI - [Phenomenon as an object of recognition]. PMID- 1253286 TI - [Significance of disorders of bronchial ventilatory-drainage functions in the pathogenesis of pneumonia]. PMID- 1253287 TI - [Experimental model of hypercapnia and functional status of the respiratory center under conditions of acute hypoxia]. PMID- 1253288 TI - [Glioma of the optic chiasm (clinical picture and diagnosis)]. PMID- 1253289 TI - [Surgical treatment of sursumductory strabismus]. PMID- 1253290 TI - [Various psychological characteristics of children with strabismus in the pre school age]. PMID- 1253291 TI - [Interpretation of vascular findings in the fundus oculi]. PMID- 1253292 TI - [Toxic effect of ethambutol on the eye organ]. PMID- 1253293 TI - [Werner's syndrome]. PMID- 1253294 TI - [Rieger's syndrome and glaucoma]. PMID- 1253295 TI - [Eye injury caused by a caterpillar]. PMID- 1253296 TI - [The problem of geriatrics in Czechoslovak ophthalmology]. PMID- 1253297 TI - [Various comments on the organization of work at the ophthalmic outpatient department of a policlinic]. PMID- 1253298 TI - [Correlation of ophthalmodynamometric and hemodynamic changes in the 1st stage of hypertension]. PMID- 1253299 TI - [Capillarogram of the posterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 1253300 TI - [Paraneoplastic disease of the nervous system. III. Notes on various paraneoplastic manifestations]. PMID- 1253301 TI - [Preventive treatment of migraine using a new antimigraine drug Sandomigran]. PMID- 1253302 TI - [Auditory evoked potential in children (its use in objective audiometry)]. PMID- 1253303 TI - [Load examination of pre-school children]. PMID- 1253304 TI - [Hallermann-Streiff's syndrome in an 11-month-old girl]. PMID- 1253305 TI - [Violent or sudden infant death?]. PMID- 1253306 TI - [Problems of transvestism manifestations in childhood]. PMID- 1253307 TI - [Vitamin-dependent inborn metabolic disorders]. PMID- 1253308 TI - [Paraproteinemias in childhood]. PMID- 1253309 TI - [Graphic methods for the evaluation of sexual development in boys]. PMID- 1253310 TI - [Growth tendency in tiny children]. PMID- 1253311 TI - [Various problems of expert testimony in children and adolescents with kidney diseases]. PMID- 1253312 TI - [Use of ampicillin in the prevention of prenatal infections]. PMID- 1253313 TI - [Activity of disaccharidases, dipeptidases and LDH isonenzymes in the mucosa of the small intestine in children with celiac disease]. PMID- 1253314 TI - [Congenital complete atrioventricular block in the A-V node]. PMID- 1253315 TI - [Improving the effectiveness of the wage system of health workers through analytical evaluation. System of stimulating wages]. PMID- 1253316 TI - [Obesity in a population sample from the central Bohemian region--prevalence and relationship with income and occupation]. PMID- 1253317 TI - [Health and social significance of strabismus and amblyopia in childhood]. PMID- 1253318 TI - [Experiences from the reconstruction of hospitals in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1253319 TI - [Staff, equipment and operative situation in intensive care units and in anesthesiology-resuscitation hospital departments in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 1253320 TI - [Use and abuse of drugs]. PMID- 1253321 TI - [The two-growth-types concept of skeletal morphogenesis. A clue to the mechanism of teratogenesis and cancerogenesis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253322 TI - [Pseudosarcomatous hyperostosis in osteogenesis imperfecta (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253323 TI - [Dynamics of the wrist phenomenon variability]. PMID- 1253324 TI - [Transient demineralization of hip-bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253325 TI - [Complications during angiographic examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253326 TI - [Visceral angiography after blunt injuries of stomach and loins (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253327 TI - [Traumatic stenosis of duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253328 TI - [Early thoracic complications of congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253330 TI - [New amplifying foils and their aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253329 TI - [Plastic intravenous cannula and its use in radiodiagnostics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1253331 TI - The effect of dibromodulcitol on the template activity of DNA chromatin and nuclei from Yoshida sarcoma cells. AB - It has been shown earlier that after in vivo administration, dibromodulcitol (DBD) reacts with DNA and to a greater extent with chromosomal proteins of Yoshida sarcoma cells. The present experiments were designed to show if the binding of DBD to the chromatin elements of Yoshida sarcoma cells causes any changes in RNA synthesis using either DNA or chromatin as template in bacterial RNA polymerase system. During 4 to 24 h following in vivo administration, DBD reduces the template activity of dna without detectable single-strand breaks in the template DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients. Using chromatin as template the same dose of DBD produces no or very slight inhibition of RNA synthesis. Measuring the DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from Yoshida cells of treated rats, the dose of DBD which markedly inhibited the template activity of DNA, resulted in a significant stimulation of the nuclear RNA synthesis. The increased RNA synthesis was not due to an inhibition of ribonuclease activity. The observed alterations of the transcriptive properties of chromatin and nuclei produced by DBD are interpreted as being due to a modification of the whole nucleoprotein structure caused by the interaction of DBD with both DNA and chromosomal proteins. PMID- 1253332 TI - Kinetic studies of benzpyrene and hydroxybenzpyrene metabolism. AB - The kinetics of benzypyrene (BP) metabolism were examined in liver microsomes, and in accordance with the results of Hansen and Fouts [9] exhibited curcilinear Lineweaver-Burk plots. The problem was exacerbated in microsomes of 3 methylcholanthrene (MC-ms) treated rats. The Km for BP, measuring hydroxybenzypyrene (OHBP) appearance was about 0.3 muM in MC-treated adult rats and about 1.0 muM in untreated rats. These values were obtained using a substrate range of 0.2-2.0 muM benzpyrene, 20 mug of microsomal protein/ml and a 3 min assay time. With longer assay times and with higher microsomal protein concentrations curvilinear reciprocal plots were obtained. This was found to be due to a combination of three factors, namely non-specific binding of BP to the microsomes, rapid depletion of substrate, and further metabolism of hydroxy products. At 100 mug microsomal protein/ml about 50% of added BP was non specifically bound to the microsomes in the range of 0.2-2.0 muM BP. Addition of albumin to the medium (1 mg/ml) greatly enhanced the BP hydroxylase activity but only slightly increased the amount of BP remaining in the medium after sedimentation of the microsomes by centrifugation. 3-OHBP, one of the phenolic products of BP metabolism was found to be metabolized to a non-fluorescent products(s); the Km for this compound was similar to that for BP. Differences were seen in the Vmax rates of BP disappearance and OHBP appearance. Disappearance of BP is several fold faster than OHBP appearance and has a larger Km. The latter may be due to the need to use higher amounts of protein and to allow depletion of enough substrate to make measurements significantly reproducible or the higher Km may reflect a composite value for different routes of BP metabolism. PMID- 1253333 TI - Hepato- and pneumotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and derivatives in relation to molecular structure. AB - 62 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and derivatives have been screened for acute and chronic hepato- and pneumotoxicity by the single dose method previously described. This procedure is satisfactory for the compounds of medium to high hepatotoxicity but failed to detect toxicity in certain other compounds of known, low hepatotoxicity. New findings significant in relation to hepatotoxicity are as follows: (i) On a molar basis, diesters of heliotridine and retronecine are about 4 times as toxic as the respective mono-esters and heliotridine esters are 2-4 times as toxic as retronecine esters. (ii) Crotanecine esters are less toxic than retronecine esters, and the 6,9-diester madurensine, 2-4 times less toxic than the 7,9-diester anacrotine (the difference being ascribed to there being only one reactive alkylating centre in the toxic metabolite from madurensine). (iii) Hepatotoxicity was confirmed for 7-angelylheliotridine but not observed for 9 angelyheliotridine and 7- and 9-angelylretronecine. (iv) Other significant compounds failing to induce hepatotoxicity were 9-pivalyl- and 7,9 dipivalyheliotridine, the alpha- and beta-epoxides of monocrotaline, 7-angelyl-1 methylenepyrrolizidine and the methiodides of monocrotaline and senecionine. The following compounds are readily converted by rat liver microsomes in vitro into dehydroheliotridine (or dehydroretronecine): 7- and 9-angelyheliotridine, 7- and 9-angelylretronecine, 7,9-dipivalylheliotridine and otosenine. 7,9 Divalerylheliotridine, the alpha- and beta-epoxides of monocrotaline, and retusamine yield pyrrolic metabolites more slowly. The preparation and characterisation of several alkaloid derivatives are described. Chronic lung lesions were produced by most compounds which gave chronic liver lesions, although a higher dose was required in some instances. This requirement may sometimes mean that chronic lung lesions cannot be induced because of the intervention of acute or peracute deaths. Apart from this factor, structure activity requirements for pneumotoxicity are the same as for hepatotoxicity, consistent with their being both caused by the same toxic metabolites. PMID- 1253334 TI - A study of the change in DNA synthesis of S phase cells treated with N-methyl-N nitrosourethane: a study using Amoeba proteus as a single cell model. AB - The present experiments using Amoeba proteus as a single cell model show that DNA synthesis continues during and after exposure of S phase cell to N-methyl-N' nitrosourethane (MNU). At sublethal dose levels which caused long division delays, division and growth abnormalities and mutations, the amount of [3h] thymidine ([3h]Tdr) incorporated was decreased by 20-30%; at dose levels which killed all S phase cells it was inhibited by up to 90%. There was a direct correlation between the dose of MNU used and the degree of inhibition of [3H]Tdr incorporated. The effect was rapid, mainly taking place within 20 min of treatment. Amoeba heterokaryons (HKs) were used to examine the rate of DNA synthesis of treated and untreated nuclei in the same cytoplasm, i.e. where the nuclei would have the same [h]tdr intake, the same thymidine kinase (TK) activity and the same endogenous precursor pools. Direct comparison of the nuclear DNA synthetic activity in this way revealed less difference between treated and untreated nuclei than comparisons made using the nuclear grain counts from treated and untreated amoebae. This suggested that much of the decrease in [3H]Tdr incorporation by MNU-treated S phase cells was due to a change in the cytoplasm and/or the cell membrane, rather than to nuclear damage. Thus MNU treated nuclei were able to synthesize DNA at a near normal rate when they could draw on the resources of untreated cytoplasm, while the rate of DNA synthesis of control nuclei decreased when they occupied cytoplasm which had been exposed to high doses of MNU. These studies suggest that nuclear sites of damage were only involved when lethal doses of MNU had been used. PMID- 1253335 TI - The formation of poly A-containing RNA in rat liver after administration of 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - The incorporation of [32P] orthophosphate into liver poly A-rich cytoplasmic RNA was investigated in rats which were pretreated with 3-methyl cholanthrene (3MC) or with the vehicle, corn oil. This incorporation was markedly increased within 6 h after administration of the polycyclic hydrocarbon and reached a maximum by 24 h, i.e., 33-fold increase. The poly A-rich RNA fraction was examined by gel electrophoresis and the specific activity of individual species was shown to be elevated. PMID- 1253336 TI - A study of the growth inhibition of Lactobacillus casei by N-alkyl homologs of N nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - N-methyl-(MNNG), N-ethyl-(ENNG), and N-propyl-(PNNG) derivatives of N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus casei in the order of potency, MNNG greater than ENNG greater than PNNG. L-Cysteine, gluathione, and dithioerythritol reversed the inhibition on a molar basis. The -SH compounds accelerated the loss of the N-nitroso group in vitro, yielding non-inhibitory N alkyl nitroguanidines. The significance of the loss of the nitroso group and the size of the N-alkyl group is discussed. PMID- 1253337 TI - A survey of the response of different strains of mice to substances metabolised by microsomal oxidation; hexobarbitone, zoxazolamine and warfarin. AB - Sixteen strains of mice were compared with respect to their hexobarbitone sleeping time and their zoxazolamine paralysis time. The strains were A2G, CBA, CE, C3H, C57BL, C57L, DBA, F/st, ICFW, NMRI, NZB, Schneider, Simpson, SM, TO and 129/rr. All the strains except 129 Rr were also tested for survival on a diet containing 0.05% racemic Warfarin. There was highly significant interstrain correlation between hexobarbitone sleeping time and zoxazolamine paralysis time (r = 0.72) and between hexobarbitone sleeping time Warfarin survival (r = 0.68). There was a significant correlation between zoxazolamine paralysis time and Warfarin survival (r = 0.56). The correlations can be explained if: (1) there is a genetically determined interstrain variable which is some common component of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase systems involved in the hydroxylation of the three substances; (2) the anticoagulant action of Warfarin is caused more by a hydroxylated metabolite of Warfarin than by Warfarin itself. Phenobarbitone pretreatment shortened hexobarbitone sleeping times and zoxazolamine paralysis times, but its effect was greater in those strains with longer initial hexobarbitone sleeping times and zoxazolamine paralysis times. Piperonyl butoxide pretreatment lengthened hexobarbitone sleeping times, but had no effect on zoxazolamine paralysis times. Warfarin survival was unaltered by pretreatment with either phenobarbital or piperonyl butoxide. PMID- 1253338 TI - Inhibition by caffeine of post-replication repair in Chinese hamster cells treated with cis platinum (II) Diamminedichloride: the extent of platinum binding to template DNA in relation to the size of low molecular weight nascent DNA. AB - Treatment of Chinese hamster lung V79-379A cells with the anti-tumour agent cis platinum (II) diamminedichloride, (cis Pt(II)), resulted in an immediate recuction in the rate of DNA synthesis. Sedimentation of newly synthesised DNA through alkaline sucrose gradients revealed it to be approximately the same size as that obtained from untreated cells. In contrast, in the presence of 0.75 mM caffeine, the rate of DNA synthesis rapidly returned to control levels, although sedimentation analysis showed the DNA synthesised in cis Pt(II)-treated cells to be of lower molecular weight than in untreated cells. The reduction in molecular weight was directly proportional to the initial dose of the platinum compound. Furthermore, the results of separate binding studies suggested that at several levels of reaction the new DNA was synthesised up to a size approximately equal to the interplatinum distance in the template strand. This has been interpreted as being the result of the formation of a gap in the daughter DNA strand opposite every DNA-platinum product in the template strand. If caffeine was removed from the culture medium, there was a rapid increase in the molecular weight of the nascent DNA strands. However, if caffeine remained in the medium, the DNA remained of lower molecular weight than in untreated cells. It is proposed that this effect of caffeine is the result of the inhibition of a post-replicative DNA repair process which allows the eventual synthesis of a continuous DNA strand on a template containing unexcised lesions. It is further proposed that inhibition of this post-replicative DNA repair process provides a molecular basis for the previously observed potentiation by caffeine of cis Pt(II)-induced chromosomal aberrations and lethality. PMID- 1253339 TI - The binding of benzo[alpha]pyrene to DNA does not involve substitution at the 6 position. PMID- 1253340 TI - Protection of the ischemic myocardium. Introductory remarks. PMID- 1253342 TI - Limitations of present radionuclide methods in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia and infarction. PMID- 1253341 TI - Serial CPK determinations for evaluation of size and development of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1253345 TI - Natural history of myocardial infarction and its prodromal syndrome. Discussion. PMID- 1253344 TI - Natural history of myocardial infarction and its prodromal syndrome. Discussion. PMID- 1253343 TI - The characterization of myocardial ischemic injury and infarction. PMID- 1253346 TI - Possible effects of hydrogen ions in ischemic myocardium. PMID- 1253347 TI - The relationship of myocardial infarct size and prognosis. AB - Patients with cardiogenic shock were arbitrarily divided into groups, those in whom shock appeared within 6 hours after the onset of acute infarction and those in whom the symptoms appeared more than 6 hours after the onset of acute infarction. The patients with more rapidly developing shock had larger areas of necrosis (average 48%) than the slow-onset group (average 28%). The former group had more sites of total occlusion of the epicardial arteries (3.5 vs 1.6) than the slow-onset group. By postmortem X-ray examination less collateral flow was visible in the rapid-onset shock patients than the slow-onset ones. These observations suggest that slow-onset shock is more likely to respond to presently available therapeutic interventions than the cases with rapid-onset shock. PMID- 1253348 TI - The relationship of myocardial infarct size and prognosis. Discussion. PMID- 1253349 TI - Infarct size, prognosis, and causal contiguity. PMID- 1253350 TI - Relations between enzymatically estimated myocardial infarct size and early ventricular dysrhythmia. AB - The relation between ventricular dysrhythmia during the first 20 hours after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction and enzymatically estimated infarct size was studied prospectively. The duration of dyshythmia was measured by the total time during which the average premature ventricular depolarization (PVC) rate was above 25 PVCs/hr. This index was significantly correlated with infarct size index (ISI) and the strength and significance of the correlation increased when patients with previous, remote myocardial infarction were excluded. An initially expected correlation between PVC frequency and average heart rate was not observed. In a subset of patients selected to include the entire range of ISI, median PVC coupling interval did not correlate with ISI or heart rate. Our results confirm the general reduction of PVC frequency with time after hospital admission. An analysis of total lidocaine administered for therapeutc purposes and dysrhythmia evaluated by retrospective computer analysis disclosed a moderately strong and significant correlation. These findings indicate that persistence and severity of ventricular dysrhythmia in the first 20 hours after hospitalization for myocardial infarction are related to enzymatically estimated infarct size. PMID- 1253352 TI - Have we solved the arrhythmia problem? PMID- 1253351 TI - Significance of ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia. AB - The scoring of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) after myocardial infarction provides little accurate information about infarct size or about other ventricular arrhythmias, although it might be of some immediate prognostic value. Continuous recording with computer analysis and differentiation of serious ventricular arrhythmias has shown in untreated patients that the incidence of PVC does not reflect that of other ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia and R-on-apex T PVC continue without significant decrease in incidence up to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. Primary ventricular fibrillation is rare after about 5 hours and stands on its own in significance. PMID- 1253353 TI - Natural history of myocardial ischemic damage. PMID- 1253354 TI - Studies on the subcellular pathophysiology of ischemia. AB - The loss of ability to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by mitochondria in ischemic cells even in a favorable medium correlates with the loss of cell viability. The early lesion at the molecular level needs further investigation but appears to involve an increased permeability of the mitochondrial membrane possibly promoting proton leak and obviating oxidative phosphorylation. The nature of this leak could involve changes in phospholipid-protein interactions, especially since the early release of free fatty acids and changes in phospholipid composition occur. PMID- 1253355 TI - Corticosteroids and membrane stabilization. PMID- 1253356 TI - Observatios on myocardial oxygen consumption in the hypoxic and ischemic canine heart. PMID- 1253357 TI - Mechanical and surgical interventions for the reduction of myocardial ischemia. Discussion. PMID- 1253358 TI - Mechanical and surgical interventions for the reduction of myocardial infarction. Discussion. PMID- 1253359 TI - Reduction of precordial ST-segment elevation in patients with anterior myocardial infarction by oxygen breathing. PMID- 1253360 TI - Modification of myocardial injury in man by corticosteroid administration. PMID- 1253361 TI - Deleterious effects of methylprednisolone in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 1253362 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium, free fatty acids and acute myocardial infarction in man. AB - In patients with stable coronary artery disease, a GIK solution may increase arterial glucose and the arterial-coronary sinus difference of glucose across the myocardium. In the same patients, GIK may reduce arterial free fatty acids as well as the arterial-coronary sinus difference of free fatty acids across the myocardium. As the arterial values of free fatty acids fall, so does the arterial coronary sinus difference of free fatty acid across the myocardium, defining a myocardial threshold for free fatty acids of approximately 200 mEq/L. Glucose insulin-potassium may lower free fatty acid values to near or below myocardial threshold in patients with acute myocardial infarction despite recurrent pain. Preliminary data suggest that GIK in the concentration and infusion rates used in this study may favorably influence survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1253363 TI - Assessment of future directions by session chairmen. PMID- 1253364 TI - Relationship of acute ischemia to functional defects and irreversibility. PMID- 1253365 TI - Effect of cardiac ischemia on protein degradation. PMID- 1253366 TI - Lysosomes in myocardial infarction: studies by means of cytochemistry and subcellular fractionation, with observations on the effects of methylprednisolone. AB - To evaluate lysosomal involvement in myocardial infarction, coronary artery thrombosis was induced by ligation in 16 dogs. Biopsies of infarcted and normal left ventricles were studied by ultrastructural cytochemistry and subcellular fractionation (0.25 M sucrose) from 30 min to 96 hrs post injury. Normal myocardium contained few "classical" (residual body) lysosomes: instead, acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase were localized to longitudinal and to lateral sac elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In postnuclear (450 X gm, 10 min) supernates, lysosomal acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were divided 60:40 between sedimentable (98,000 X gm, 15 min) and non-sedimentable fractions of normal endocardium and epicardium (studied separately). At 2 hrs post infarction, ischemic muscle showed: 1) loss of membrane-bound acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase; 2) mitochondrial damage; 3) loss of glycogen and disappearance of I but not A bands; and 4) entry into cells of colloidal lanthanum (= loss of plasma membrane integrity. Total lysosomal hydrolase did not increase until 6-5 hrs post infarct. At 2 hrs, significant increments (32 +/- 7%) were found in nonsedimentable acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase of endocardium (P less than 0.005 vs. normal) but the epicardium. In dogs given methylprednisolone (50 mg/k) 30 min post infarct, ultrastructural cytochemistry showed retention of lysosomal enzymes within endocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum and no significant redistribution of enzymes into non-sedimentable fractions (vs. eight paired, infarcted, untreated controls). Data show early disruption of lysosomes in myocardial infarction and their protection by steroid given after the acute insult. PMID- 1253367 TI - The cellular basis of ischemia and infarction. PMID- 1253368 TI - Effects of hyperosmotic mannitol in reducing ischemic cell swelling and minimizing myocardial necrosis. AB - Impaired metabolism interferes with the active extrusion of intracellular sodium and results in intracellular edema. In the brain and regionally in the kidney, elevation of extracellular osmolality is accompanied by a reduction of ischemic cell swelling and improvement of reflow of blood after arterial occlusion. Studies were therefore performed to examine the effect of elevation of extracellular osmolality on ischemic myocardial physiology and by morphologic examination on the extent of acute injury and subsequent necrosis. Under conditions of controlled hemodynamics, administration of hyperosmotic mannitol resulted in improvement of function of the canine heart with regional ischemia, a lessening of the extent of ischemic injury assessed by electrocardiographic ST segment mapping, and improved total and collateral blood flow. Metabolic studies under conditions of controlled hemodynamics revealed that hyperosmotic mannitol reduced the myocardial oxygen requirement of the ischemic heart. Mannitol dilated large collateral conductance vessels in addition to improving blood flow through the region of myocardial ischemia. Under conditions of ischemia induced by a prolonged reduction in coronary perfusion, hyperosmotic mannitol attenuated the progressive rise in vascular resistance. Direct morphologic examination of areas of myocardium subjected to total interruption of blood flow followed by reflow of blood revealed swelling of both myocardial and capillary endothelial cells early during the reflow period. The extent of swelling was substantially reduced with elevation of the extracellular osmolality with mannitol. Simarilty, osmolality elevation strikingly reduced the extent of eventual myocardial necrosis following prolonged periods of reflow of blood. PMID- 1253369 TI - Effects of hyperosmotic mannitol in reducing ischemic cell swelling and minimizing myocardial necrosis. Discussion. PMID- 1253370 TI - Influence of collateral flow on the ischemic tolerance of the heart following acute and subacute coronary occlusion. AB - Acute occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery was produced in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. Tracer microspheres were used to measure during an established time period, the distribution of collateral flow within the infarcting myocardium. For up to 2 hours after coronary occlusion the amount and distribution of the collateral flow remained unchanged. Two to 4 hours after coronary occlusion the subendocardial flow fell to almost zero and the subepicardial flow rose. Between 6 and 48 hours subepicardial and total collateral flow rose markedly. A no-reflow phenomenon is responsible for the decline of collateral flow in the subendocardium. Evidence for this hypothesis was provided by releasing the artery 1,2, 4 and 6 hours after occlusion. The amount of subendocardium that could not be reperfused was small after 1 hour and large after 6 hours of occlusion. When the total collateral flow was very low, the subepicardium was not able to be reperfused and a transmural myocardial infarction developed. We conclude that the time delay between onset of ischemia and the appearance of a no-reflow phenomenon depends upon the amount of collateral flow. The occurrence of a no-reflow phenomenon in the subendocardium increases the amount of flow to the subepicardium which increases its chances of survival. Beyond the sixth hour after occlusion the total amount of collateral flow increases which is interpreted as a reduction of collateral resistance by passive caliber changes of the collateral vessels. DNA-synthesis that signal active caliber changes through cellular proliferation were always detected 24 hours after complete occlusion of a coronary artery regardless whether the time between onset of stenosis until complete occlusion was varied between 36 hours and 5 days. When the time to complete occlusion was 4 days, myocardial infarction was prevented due to growth-transformation of pre-existing collaterals. Four phases of collateral reactions in acute coronary occlusion were observed: redistribution of available collateral flow in favor of the subepicardium (t = 1 to 4 hours after occlusion), 2) increase of total collateral flow due to passive "stretch" of collateral vessels (t = 4 to 24 hours after occlusion), 3) radial growth of collateral vessels due to active cellular proliferation, (t = 24 hours to 5 days) 4) cellular proliferation to ensure a normal wall thickness in growth'transformed collaterals (t = 5 days to 20 days after coronary occlusion). In subacute coronary occlusion the first phase does, of course, not apply. PMID- 1253371 TI - Influence of collateral flow on the ischemic tolerance of the heart following acute and subacute coronary occlusion. Discussion. PMID- 1253372 TI - Platelet aggregation secondary to coronary obstruction. Discussion. PMID- 1253373 TI - Consequences of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 1253374 TI - First electrocardiographic sign of myocardial ischemia: an electrophysiological conjecture. PMID- 1253375 TI - Analysis of regional myocardial function, dimensions, and wall thickness in the characterization of myocardial ischemia and infarction. AB - Disorders of contractile function constitute one of the earliest events to follow acute coronary occlusion, and occur in the central ischemic region within approximately 10 seconds. Measurements of regional myocardial dimensions and function in the central, border, and normal zones around an area of ischemia allow assessment of such changes, and when these disorders are persistent after permanent coronary occlusion they may offer an indirect means for assessing the severity and extent of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Recent experimental studies that used pairs of miniature ultrasonic crystals implanted within the subendocardium of open-chested and chronically instrumented, unanesthetized dogs indicate that functional function may be studied simultaneously in these regions; a holosystolic bulge rapidly develops in the central zone of ischemia while hypokinesis is apparent in marginal zones bordering the central region. It has been shown that function in the marginal zone reflects the balance between oxygen supply and demand and may be favorably or unfavorably influenced by acute therapeutic interventions. This finding suggests that the extent of an ischemic region may be altered by such therapy.Our studies further indicate that regional changes in dynamic wall thickness closely parallel the characteristics of shortening of nearby subendocardial segments, indicating that measurement of wall thickness alone may be useful for characterizing regional function. Studies in chronically instrumented animals also have established that the miniature crystals are useful for measuring regional dimensions and function over prolonged periods of time; for example, reduction in end-diastolic dimensions that reflex tissue loss over a 3- to 4-week period after coronary occlusion is substantially greater in the central ischemic regions than in the marginal zones. It is proposed that persistent changes in myocardial function and progressive alterations changes in dimensions over time offer indirect measures of the extent and severity of ischemic damage and infarction. With the development of improved echocardiographic or other clinically applible methods, such measurements may be a useful tool for assessing the effects of therapy on myocardial infarct size. PMID- 1253376 TI - ST-segment mapping in ischemia and infarction. PMID- 1253377 TI - Biochemical markers of ischemic injury. AB - Enzymatic estimation of infarct size entails assumptions requiring analysis and modification during evolution of the method. Myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) depletion reflects infarct size under many experimental conditions, and release of CPK into the circulation has been correlated with histologically demonstrable necrosis. Use of a one compartment model relating serum CPK changes to myocardial CPK depletion is a simplification requiring estimates of CPK disappearance rate (kd) as one parameter. Conformity of kd to first order kinetics and its lack of variance despite marked hemodynamic perturbations, myocardial infarction per se, or successive daily determinations have been documented. In patients with myocardial infarction, enzymatic estimates of infarct size correlate with morbidity and mortality, functional cardiac impairment, severity of clinical manifestations, frequency of ventricular dysrhythmia, and morphologically estimated infarct size. Improved estimates result from MB CPK analyses which avoid difficulties due to noncardiac CPK in the circulation and from individualization of values of kd. The discriminant power of enzymatic estimates as an index of prognosis has been demonstrated by discriminant function analysis. Prediction of infarct size enzymatically requires additional assumptions and conventionally employs an empirical algorithm rather than a physiological, deterministic model. Although predictions can probably be improved by incorporation of parameters reflecting processes governing CPK release and disappearance, the need for a prolonged interval during which observations are required prior to prediction limit the applicability of this approach to evaluation of therapeutic interventions whose effects are likely to be maximum when early implementation is possible. PMID- 1253378 TI - Renal chloride transport and diuretics. PMID- 1253379 TI - Second degree block during reciprocal atrioventricular nodal tachycardia. AB - Of 67 patients with reciprocal atrioventricular (A-V) nodal tachycardia consecutively studied by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart, nine patients showed second degree block toward the ventricle and one patient toward the atrium during tachycardia. In four patients the occurrence of block was critically related to the prematurity of the test stimulus initiating the tachycardia. In three patients block developed following increase in rate of tachycardia. In two patients block could be elicited by introducing premature ventricular stimuli during tachycardia. Our observations indicate that different mechanisms may be responsible for second degree block during reciprocal supraventricular tachycardia. The finding of second degree block during reciprocal supraventricular tachycardia excludes a tachycardia with A-V conduction over the A-V node - His pathway and V-A conduction over an accessory A V pathway. PMID- 1253380 TI - Prospective observations in patients with chronic bundle branch block and marked H-V prolongation. AB - Eighteen of 388 patients with chronic bundle branch block, studied electrophysiologically and followed prospectively, had H-V intervals of 80 msec or greater. Five patients were functional class I, five class II, seven class III, and one class IV. Follow-up ranged from 103 to 1919 days (mean 711 +/- 118). Three patients needed permanent pacing for the following indications: sino-atrial block, sinus bradycardia post-cardiac surgery, and 2 degrees block distal to the His bundle. Six patients died, three suddenly, and three nonsudden. The five initially asymptomatic patients are alive and without pacemakers (mean follow-up 732 +/- 139 days). Although marked H-V prolongation was associated with high morbidity and mortality in this small series, this was only in patients with symptomatic heart disease. Asymptomatic patients (five patients) had a benign clinical course. Prophylactic pacing would probably not modify clinical course in the former group, and is probably not indicated in the latter group. Longer follow-up will be needed for definitive prognostication. PMID- 1253381 TI - Dissociation and delayed conduction in the canine right bundle branch. AB - Bipolar electrograms were recorded from five to six sites on the septal right bundle branch (RBB) using a multielectrode patch in ten mongrel dogs. Antegrade activation was recorded along the right bundle during sinus rhythm and during right atrial pacing at varying heart rates. Retrograde activation was produced by pacing from right ventricular epicardium. Right bundle conduction velocities varied from 1.4 to 3.3 m/sec (mean 2.0 m/sec) for antegrade conduction and from 1.8 to 2.7 m/sec (mean 2.1 m/sec) for retrograde activation. Varying degrees of conduction delay were elicited by premature stimulation and mechanical pressure to the right bundle. The conduction delays occurred over small segments of the right bundle branch with regeneration of normal propagation velocity distal to the region of block. The conduction delays were associated with fragmentation of the RBB electograms with initiation of delayed activation waves which traveled variable distances antegrade and retrograde. These data show that stress-induced longitudinal dissociation may produce delayed activation waves within the right bundle branch which may simulate re-entrant arrhythmias. PMID- 1253382 TI - Anatomical configuration of the His bundle and bundle branches in the human heart. AB - The relationships among the His bundle, the origin of both bundle branches, and the interventricular (IV) septum were examined histologically in 32 human hearts, and the entire bundle branch systems were delineated in 13 of these. The His bundle in five hearts traversed the right IV septal crest, and the LBB origin was a very narrow stem (maximum 1.5 mm in cross-section) crossing from right to left through the inferior margin of the membranous septum. Proximal LBB anatomy was extremely variable, demonstrating multiple fiber groups which fanned out over the entire left septal surface. The LBB did not divide into two discrete divisions without multiple interconnections. The RBB formed an obtuse angle with the His bundle in 27 of 32 hearts. In those five hearts with "right-sided His bundles," the right bundle branch was a direct continuation. The clinical, electrophysiologic, and electrocardiographic implications of these anatomical observations are discussed. PMID- 1253383 TI - Interobserver variability in coronary angiography. AB - Four experienced coronary angiographers (two radiologists and two cardiologists) independently assessed the location and degree of coronary artery stenosis, and the location and degree of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in 20 coronary angiograms. Marked interobserver variability was noted in quantifying percent coronary artery stenosis and degree of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. For example, in only 13/20 (65%) of the coronary angiograms did all observers agree about the significance of a stenosis (defined as greater than 50% in diameter luminal narrowing) in the proximal or mid left anterior descending coronary artery. In 3/20 (15%) angiograms there was disagreement by at least one observer about the significance of lesions noted in the main left coronary artery. The ventricle was divided into five segments and the degree of wall motion abnormality graded into six categories of increasing severity from normal to dyskinesis. There was a 42% mean disagreement among all four observers where a disagreement between observers was defined as any difference in grading wall motion abnormalities. Interobserver variability reveals a significant limitation of coronary angiography. PMID- 1253384 TI - Intervention ventriculography. Comparative value of nitroglycerin, post extrasystolic potentiation and nitroglycerin plus post-extrasystolic potentiation. AB - The comparative value of nitroglycerin (TNG), post-extrasystolic potentiation (PESP) and their combination (TNG + PESP) to unmask asynergic residual contraction was examined, each patient serving as his own control. Twelve of 13 hypokinetic zones improved both with TNG and PESP. One remained unchanged with either. Of 15 akinetic zones, four improved with both TNG and PESP, while ten remained unchanged. One akinetic zone, although improved with TNG, remained unchanged with PESP. Four dyskinetic zones did not change with either. Six asynergic zones responding to TNG alone demonstrated further augmentation with TNG + PESP. However, none of 13 TNG unresponsive zones improved with TNG + PESP. Thus, TNG, PESP, and TNG + PESP are each equally capable of unmasking asynergic residual contractile ability. PMID- 1253385 TI - Myocardial LDH isozyme distribution in the ischemic and hypoxic heart. AB - Small myocardial specimens were obtained from 12 patients undergoing coronary reconstructive surgery and from 12 patients undergoing surgical correction for cyanotic congenital heart defects. The specimens were analyzed for LDH isozyme distribution. A control analysis was performed on myocardial specimens obtained at the time of surgical correction for acyanotic congenital heart defects in seven patients with normal coronary arteries. There was a 42% increase in the proportion of A subunits in the hearts of coronary patients as compared to controls. This represented a shift toward an anaerobic isozyme distribution. There was no change in the percentage of A units from the hearts of cyanotic patients as compared to acyanotic hearts of the same age. Cardiac muscle from patients with coronary vascular disease had an altered LDH subunit composition. Such an alteration was not present with chronic systemic hypoxia. These deficiencies may or may not be related to differing local metabolic responses to the two conditions. However, in the clinical situations, ischemic heart muscle may be oxygen deprived to the point of lactic acid production while hypoxic heart muscle usually is not. Consequently, these findings may represent a compensatory cellular mechanism which provides for continued energy production during chronic ischemia by enhancing glycolysis. PMID- 1253386 TI - M-mode echocardiography in the evaluation of patients for aneurysmectomy. AB - In order to determine whether echocardiography could be useful in predicting surgical mortality of aneurysmectomy, preoperative condensed M-mode echocardiographic scans were taken from both mid (standard position) and low (nearer apex) intercostal spaces and/or from the subxiphoid area in eighteen patients who were sent to surgery for aneurysmectomy. Eleven of the eighteen patients survived aneurysmectomy. All eleven had mid left ventricular dimensions less than 3.3 cm/m2 and low dimensions of 3.8 cm/m2 or less. Of the seven patients who died, the mid and low left ventricular dimensions exceeded 3.3 cm/m2 and 3.8 cm/m2, respectively, with one exception. The combination of abnormal mitral valve closure, a dilated mid dimension and lack of normal motion in opposing wall segments was only seen in six nonsurvivors. Echocardiography can provide information concerning the state of the left ventricle in patients with ventricular aneurysms and these findings may be helpful in predicting surgical mortality for aneurysmectomy. PMID- 1253387 TI - Echo-phonocardiographic and contrast studies in conditions associated with systemic arterial trunk overriding the ventricular septum: truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. AB - Echocardiography was performed in 62 patients--20 with truncus arteriosus, 14 with tetralogy of Fallot, and 28 with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. Features common in all three groups were: large single systemic arterial trunk overriding the ventricular septum, mitral-semilunar continuity, large right ventricular dimension, and normal septal motion. Indocyanine green contrast flow patterns were similar and were most helpful in detecting an associated atrial septal defect and in studying the timing and pattern of right-to-left shunting. Echo-phonocardiographic studies revealed that the ejection click coincided with the point of maximal opening of aortic or truncal valve. Left atrial dimension was measured in 55 patients and was normal or small in 41 patients and large in 14 patients. Our observations indicate that left atrial dimension provides a good index of pulmonary flow and can help differentiate those patients with increased pulmonary flow and can help differentiate those patients with increased pulmonary flow (truncus arteriosus) from those patients with reduced pulmonary flow (tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with associated ventricular septal defect). PMID- 1253388 TI - Noninvasive stress testing. Methodology for elimination of the phonocardiogram. AB - Measurement by systolic time intervals (STI) of cardiac responses requires extremely careful recording during actual stress test performance. Previous work indicated no significant changes in the pulse transmission time (PTT) during exercise and other challenges. Since external STI depend on the carotid pulse offset by the PTT as an aortic curve equivalent, stable PTT implies that timing of the carotid upstroke (CARu) and the carotid incisura (CARIN) would respectively track the pre-ejection period (i.e., the externally calculated onset of the aortic upstroke) and the aortic incisura which is externally timed by the aortic component of SII (IIA). In ten subjects, STIs were recorded at supine rest, sitting, standing, during prompt and sustained squatting and during isometric and dynamic exercise. The results demonstrated the tracking of both points: regression slopes and correlation coefficients were close to 1.00 for each series and for each subset. Coefficients of correlation (r) and of determination (r2) were uniformly high for all challenges except isometric handgrip (IHG). Since left ventricular ejection time is obtained directly from the pulse curve, with the exception of IHG, STI responses during stress testing can be measured without a phonocardiogram. PMID- 1253389 TI - The incidence of bacteremia in pediatric patients following tooth extraction. AB - Procedures which produce bacteremias may lead to bacterial endocarditis in the susceptible patient. Recent work has suggested that bacteremia does not occur in children following extraction of teeth as it does in adults. One hundred and seven children were divided into four groups. Group I, which consisted of children who had nondiseased primary teeth extracted, had 35% positive blood cultures. Group II consisted of children who had diseased primary and permanent teeth removed. The incidence of positive blood cultures was 53%. Group III, which consisted of patients who had extractions of nondiseased permanent teeth, had a 61% incidence of positive blood cultures. Group IV served as a negative control. Bacteremias do occur in children following the extraction of normal and diseased primary and permanent teeth. Therefore, the susceptible pediatric patient who is to undergo a dental extraction procedure must be given prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 1253390 TI - Q fever endocarditis in Queensland. AB - Thirteen patients with proven Q fever endocarditis and three additional patients with probable endocarditis are reviewed. The most helpful diagnostic test is the demonstration of a high complement fixing antibody titre to Phase 1 antigen of Coxiella burneti. The macroscopic pathology of the aortic valve is described and includes aneurysmal pockets in the aortic wall and valve annulus which are demonstrable angiographically. Evidence is presented that the infection may be controlled by prolonged tetracycline therapy and that this is accompanied by a falling antibody titre to Phase 1 antigen. Valve replacement is undertaken only for symptomatic and hemodynamic indications. The combined tetracycline therapy and valve replacement have produced a fall in titres with eradication of infection and palliation of the cardiac disability in all patients followed for long periods. PMID- 1253391 TI - Platelet hyperaggregability in idiopathic recurrent deep vein thrombosis. AB - Studies of platlet function were performed in 30 patients with idiopathic recurrent venous thrombosis. Evidence of platelet hyperactivity was found in 14 patients who exhibited spontaneous platelet aggregation and in 13 patients who had evidence of circulating platelet aggregates. No other differences in clinical characteristics or coagulation parameters could be elucidated between these two subgroups. In nine patients who had 51Cr-labeled platelet survival studies, there was a good correlation between the platelet hyperactivity and shortened platelet survival. Spontaneous platelet aggregation was inhibited both in vivo and in vitro by aspirin. In addition, the circulating platelet aggregates were normalized by combination treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole. The results indicate that the idiopathic recurrent venous thrombosis patient population could be differentiated by the platelet function tests into subgroup I, in which no platelet abnormality could be detected, and subgroup II, where platelet hyperaggregability was present. These results indicate that the role of platelets should be considered in the pathogenesis of recurrent venous thrombosis and therapy with agents which inhibit platelet aggregation may be beneficial in the patients with platelet hyperaggregability. PMID- 1253392 TI - Heparin kinetics in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. AB - The response to a standard dose of heparin was studied in 20 patients with venous thromboembolism. The heparin regimen consisted of intravenous injection of 70 units per kg, followed after 90 minutes by a maintenance dose of 400 units per kg per 24 hours given by continuous infusion. Plasma heparin activity and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured at intervals to determine clearance of the initial injection and the response to maintenance dose. Large inter-individual variations were found in the anticoagulant effect and these were due in part to differences in heparin clearance and in part to differences in the APTT response to given amounts of heparin (heparin effect index). The heparin half-life was 63 +/- 15 minutes when plasma heparin activities were used for this calculation and 84 +/- 71.5 minutes when the APTT was used. These results are similar to values previously reported in normal volunteers. Four of the 20 patients had pulmonary embolism and in these heparin half-life was significantly shortened (P less than 0.005). PMID- 1253393 TI - Impedance plethysmography using the occlusive cuff technique in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. AB - Impedance plethysmography using the cuff technique has been compared with venography in 346 consecutive patients with suspected venous thromboembolism. The limbs were classified according to the venographic results as no thrombosis, proximal (popliteal, femoral, or iliac) vein thrombosis, and calf thrombosis. A discriminant analysis was performed. The impedance plethysmographic result was normal in 386 of 397 limbs which were normal on venography, a specificity of 97%, and abnormal in 124 of 133 limbs which showed proximal vein thrombosis, a sensitivity of 93%. Seventy-three of 88 limbs with calf vein thrombi and a normal impedance plethysmographic result. The sensitivity in 29 limbs with asymptomatic proximal vein thrombosis was 83%. Impedance plethysmography is an accurate method for detecting proximal vein thrombosis but has limitations which include the possibility of false positive results due to arterial insufficiency and muscle tension. PMID- 1253394 TI - Recurrence risks in children having one parent with a congenital heart disease. AB - The risk of recurrence of a congenital cardiovascular malformation in a child having one parent with congenital heart disease has been determined for each of the seven most common anomalies presently compatible with survival to reproductive age. The range of risk is 2.5% to 4.3% depending on the lesion. This is within the range of expectation for the model of multifactorial inheritance previously used to predict recurrence in other first-degree relatives of probands (siblings and parents) with congenital heart disease. The cardiovascular abnormality occurring in the child was most often the same as in the parent or was a closely related variant of it. PMID- 1253395 TI - The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) on cardiac performance with and without beta blockade. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured in ten healthy male volunteers before and after intravenous (i.v.) administration of 25 mug/kg delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC). Mean +/- SEM heart rate increased 32 +/- 7 beats/min, while systolic and diastolic blood pressures were unchanged after delta-9-THC. Total electromechanical systole lengthened 17 +/- 4.2 msec, left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) prolonged 24 +/- 4.0 msec and pre-ejection period (PEP) shortened 17 +/- 5.1 msec after delta-9-THC. All of these changes were significant (P less than 0.01). In nine other subjects who underwent prior beta adrenergic blockade, similar but less marked changes were noted in heart rate, blood pressure, and STI after delta-9-THC. The shortening of PEP after delta-9-THC was only 9 msec (NS) in beta blocked subjects. Thus, delta-9-THC significantly increased heart rate, shortened PEP and prolonged LVETc without any change in afterload. Beta adrenergic blockade prevented significant shortening of PEP and blunted other responses. These findings suggest that delta-9-THC enhanced cardiac performance. Partial inhibition of this effect was achieved with prior beta adrenergic blockade. PMID- 1253396 TI - Infantile cardiomyopathy with histiocytoid change in cardiac muscle cells. Report of six patients. AB - Clinical and pathologic findings are presented in 14 patients (six newly reported, eight described previously), all children ranging in age from 6 to 24 months, with a clinicopathologic syndrome termed "infantile cardiomyopathy with histiocytoid change in cardiac muscle cells." This syndrome is manifested clinically by severe, eventually fatal cardiac arrhythmias, and is characterized pathologically by cardiac hypertrophy and by a distinctive type of focal degeneration of the muscle cells, which lose their myofibrils, undergo marked mitochondrial hyperplasia, become rounded in shape and enlarged, and resemble histiocytes. Evidence is presented to support the conclusions that these manifestations are those of a cardiomyopathy, that cardiac hypertrophy precedes the onset of the clinical features, that the focal degeneration is likely to be a cause rather than a consequence of the arrhythmias, and that the latter develop only in the late stages of the disorder. The etiology of this cardiomyopathy remains unclear. PMID- 1253397 TI - Real-time observation of ruptured right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm by high speed ultrasono-cardiotomography. Report of a case. AB - A two-dimensional echocardiographic manifestation of a ruptured right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is described in this case report. The ultrasono-cardiotomograms demonstrated the aneurysm cut longitudinally and protruding into the outflow tract of the right ventricle. The configuration of the aneurysm was consistent with the contrast medium-filled sinus demonstrated by angiocardiography. In systole, the aneurysmal sinus moved anteroinferiorly together with the aortic wall. The echocardiogram revealed an abnormal two-layered horizontal echo in the right ventricle which showed the aneurysm when the ultrasonic beam passed through the interventricular septum near the aortic root and mitral leaflets. During the operation, the protruding sinus and a small interventricular septal defect in the membranous septum under it were observed through the opened right ventricle. After the closure of the aneurysm, the two-dimensional echocardiogram no longer showed an abnormal configuration. PMID- 1253398 TI - De subitaneis mortibus. XVII. Multifocal stenoses due to fibromuscular dysplasia of the sinus node artery. AB - The sinus node artery was focally narrowed by fibromuscular dysplasia in two examples of sudden unexpected death reported here. Although both cases had additional histological abnormalities in the conduction system of the heart, the more striking feature was the focal fibromuscular dysplasia. These findings are discussed in relationship to a large number of similar examples of focal fibromuscular dysplastic narrowing of the sinus node artery observed in other victims of sudden unexpected death, considering some possible mechanisms for lethal electrical instability of the heart and also the possible pathogenesis of such fibromuscular dysplasia. PMID- 1253399 TI - Letter: Comparing medically and surgically treated CAD patients. PMID- 1253400 TI - Letter: The case of the nonprolapsing myxoma. PMID- 1253401 TI - Letter: E-F slope without "a" wave. PMID- 1253403 TI - Letter: Echo evaluation of tamponade. PMID- 1253402 TI - Letter: A disagreement over an echocardiogram. PMID- 1253404 TI - Letter: Enzymatic estimate of infarct size. PMID- 1253405 TI - Use of polyethylene glycol in separating bound from unbound ligand in radioimmunoassay of thyroxine. AB - In most rapid radioimmunoassay methods, absorbents are used that disturb the equilibrium of the ligand-antibody interaction; thus the separation process must be rigidly timed. We show here that polyethylene glycol (mol wt. 6000) abolishes this constant. We measured gamma-globulin precipitation by polyethylene glycol (150g/liter) in a thyroxine radioimmunoassay system involving use of a sheep anti thyroxine antiserum, quantitatively and qualitatively, with either normal human serum or completely precipitated at pH 6-9 at 4 and 25 degrees C, but incompletely if salt concentration was high (1 mol/liter). Specificity of gamma globulin precipitation increased with increasing pH and temperature. All gamma globulin-bound thyroxine was precipitated, and also some not bound to gamma globulin. This was taken into account by including "blank" tubes (no antibody, but with normal sheep serum) in all assays. Because this reaction is predominantly entropic and temperature independent, the entire procedure can be done at 37 degrees C and room temperature without rigid timing. The assay requires 10 mul of serum, its reproducibility is 4-8% (CV) in the euthyroid and hyperthyroid range, and its accuracy is close to 100%. PMID- 1253406 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic (vanilmandelic) and 4 hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic (homovanillic) acids in human urine. AB - We describe a simultaneous analysis for vanilmandelic and homovanillic acids in urine. An aliquot of a final extract, containing phenylpropriopionic acid as external standard, is dried, an internal standard (resorcinol) is added, and the mixture is silylated and chromatographed. The two compounds are identified from their characteristic retention times and from their elution behhavior in relation to four different marker compounds (the external and internal standards and two other naturally occurring compounds, p-hydroxyphenylacetic and hippuric acids) and are quantitated from their relative response factors. Within-run precision (CV) varied from 2 to 14% for vanilmandelic acid and 1 to 18% for homovanillic acid. The ratio of the amount of phenylpropionic acid extracted to the amount of added resorcinol found is a useful quality-control index. Values for vanilmandelic acid obtained by this method and by the technique of Pisano et al. [Clin. Chim. Acta 7, 285 (1962)] correlated well (r = 0.844). PMID- 1253407 TI - Use of enzyme-loaded erythrocytes in in-vitro correction of arginase-deficient erythrocytes in familial hyperargininemia. AB - The capacity of arginase-deficient erythrocytes of patients with familial hyperargininemia to produce urea and to catabolize arginine can be increased in vitro by introducing human liver arginase into their erythrocytes. The results of this study on a specific human model show that it is possible to change the metabolic function of a genetically defective erythrocyte by incorporating exogenous human enzyme. The in vivo application of enzyme-loaded erythrocytes for enzyme replacement therapy of inborn metabolic errors in humans must await in vivo studies on animal models. PMID- 1253408 TI - Evaluation of methods of coenzyme activation of erythrocyte enzymes for detection of deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, and B6. AB - We describe optimized, ultraviolet spectrophotometric procedures for determination of erythrocyte transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity, and their activation by their respective coenzymes- thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate- as tests for vitamin B1, B2, and B6 deficiency. With these procedures we have investigated healthy subjects on normal and vitamin-supplemented diets, and a series of (mainly) alcoholic hospital in-patients. The enzyme procedures described have good precision and can be readily carried out in the routine laboratory. Abnormal transketolase activation correlated well with clinical evidence of vitamin B1 deficiency. PMID- 1253409 TI - Comparison of results for 13 clinical laboratory determinations with three automated analytical systems. AB - We evaluated the Abbott Bichromatic Analyzer-100 (ABA-100) for use in the routine clinical chemistry laboratory by examining 13 different determinations that can be performed on the instrument. Results with the Du Pont "aca" and Technicon continuous-flow systems were compared to the ABA-100 in terms of upper limits of linearity, inter-run coefficient of variation, and results for samples from patients. The upper limits of linearity for the methods on the ABA-100 exceeded all of those for the continuous-flow systems, except for urea nitrogen. Precision of the ABA-100 was as good as or better than that of the aca for all determinations, except for glucose in a normal control serum and creatine kinase and creatinine in an above-normal control serum. PMID- 1253410 TI - Nonchromatographic radioimmunoassay of unconjugated estriol in plasma, with polyethylene glycol as precipitant. AB - We describe a rapid, reliable radioimmunoassay for unconjugated estriol in plasma. Polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 6000) is used to separate antibody-bound and free steroid. The assay is sensitive (25 pg for standards), precise, and accurate. At high and low concentrations of estriol, intra-assay coefficients of variation were 7.1% and 7.6%, respectively, and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7.2% and 10.0 %, respectively. Free [3H] estriol is not precipitated by polyethylene glycol. This radioimmunoassay of estriol, with a highly specific antiserum and with polyethylene glycol as the antibody precipitant, is a reliable one-day assay that is practical both for the clinical laboratory and the obstetrician. PMID- 1253411 TI - Simple fluorometric determination of aldosterone in urine without use of isotopes or chromatography. AB - Aldosterone 18-glucuronide in urine is hydrolyzed by adjusting the pH to 1.0 and allowing the mixture to stand overnight at room temperature. The free aldosterone is then extracted into dichloromethane, which is washed with carbonate to remove acidic compounds and evaporated. The residue is partitioned between a nonpolar organic phase and an aqueous phase, and the aldosterone oxidized to the 13 carboxylic acid derivative with Benedict's qualitative glucose reagent. Neutral compounds are extracted from this oxidation mixture with dichloromethane at pH 7.5, the mixture is acidified, and the oxidized aldosterone extracted into dichloromethane. After washing with pH 3.5 buffer, this extract is evaporated and the oxidized aldosterone determined fluorometrically via a two-stage reaction with sulfuric acid/water (85/15 by vol) and methanol containing ferric chloride. PMID- 1253412 TI - Glucose oxidase chemiluminescence measurement of glucose in urine compared with the hexokinase method. PMID- 1253413 TI - Evaluation of contemporary methods for serum CO2. AB - We evaluated and inter-compared several newer methods for CO2 analysis- titrimetric (Van Slyke), automatic titrator, continuous-flow/indicator, and coupled-enzyme procedures--with respect to accuracy, precision, specificity interferences, and management criteria. All methods studied appeared to be clinically acceptable; but precision decreased (standard deviations increased) for the last two methods in above-normal ranges. PMID- 1253414 TI - Modified colorimetric method for procainamide in plasma. AB - We describe a modified colorimetric method for determining procainamide in plasma by use of a diazotization and coupling reaction with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (Marshall's reagent). The sensitivity of the assay is increased twofold over the originally reported colorimetric method, and the lower limit of detection for the assay of a 1.0-ml plasma sample has been decreased to 0.5 mg/liter. PMID- 1253415 TI - Letter: Drug screening for employment purposes: the importance of telling it like it is. PMID- 1253416 TI - Letter: Further on light scatter vs. turbidimetry. PMID- 1253417 TI - Letter: Instrument control by computer an improvement? PMID- 1253418 TI - Letter: Determination of salicylate and its metabolites in urine. PMID- 1253419 TI - Letter: Improved detection of morphine on TLC plates. PMID- 1253420 TI - Letter: Effective quality control. PMID- 1253421 TI - Letter: Volatiles and osmometry. PMID- 1253422 TI - Fluorometry of plasma amino nitrogen, with use of fluorescamine. AB - We describe a fluorometric procedure, with use of fluorescamine, for determining plasma amino nitrogen in a 10-mul sample of deproteinized plasma. Values for apparently healthy human subjects agree well with those obtained by spectrophotometry. The simplicity and speed of the assay recommends it as a screening procedure for detecting aminoacidopathies. PMID- 1253424 TI - Adaptation of blank-corrected methods for measurement of total and conjugated bilirubin and uric acid to the centrifugal analyzer. AB - The blank-corrected determination in serum of total and conjugated bilirubin and of uric acid has been adapted to the centrifugal analyzer. Bilirubin is measured by a modified Jendrassik and Grof procedure; uric acid is determined kinetically by using a reaction based on reduction of ferric ion, including a uricase-treated blank. Sensitivity and precision of both methods are excellent, and results compare well with those obtained by commonly used procedures. PMID- 1253423 TI - Method for monitoring plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnancy. AB - We present a time-series model for monitoring concentrations in plasma of hormones produced in the placenta, progesterone being chosen as an example. The model, which is based on the assumption that variations in plasma progesterone concentration in pregnant subjects mainly reflect variations in the growth rate of the placenta, was applied to eight series of progesterone values measured during pregnancy in eight subjects. In the model, which was found to fit the data, it is assumed that progesterone concentration is proportional to the size of the placenta and that the growth rate of the placenta varies at random, with a mean value alpha. The variation of alpha was of the same magnitude among and within the subjects. If the average of many subjects alpha values is used, a single subject may be used as her own reference, based on only one previous observation. When two observations are available, an individual's own alpha value may be estimated and used for the prediction. The predictive power of the new method was found to be far superior to the conventional method in which a single sample reference material is used. Furthermore, one need not know the gestational age in order to use the method. PMID- 1253425 TI - Clinical laboratory evaluation of the Perkin-Elmer KA-150 Enzyme Analyzer. AB - We evaluated the Perkin-Elmer KA-150 Enzyme Analyzer in a clinical laboratory situation according to a rigid evaluation protocol. The factors evaluated for five commonly assayed enzymes were as follows: (a) rate of analysis of patient samples, (b) analytical linearity, (c) overall precision (within-run and between day), (d) carry-over from a sample with activity near 1000 U/liter, (e) error detection at low and high concentrations, (f) correlation of values with those obtained by methods used in our laboratory and (g) normal-value ranges. We find the KA-150 to be an effective and rapid enzyme analyzer. PMID- 1253426 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of amylase isoenzymes in serum and urine of normal persons. AB - We separated and measured amylase isoenzymes in the serum and urine of 3036 normal persons by electrophoresis on a thin layer of polyacrylamide gel. We wished to establish the normal pattern of these isoenzymes and to evaluate the usefulness of this method of electrophoresis in clinical diagnosis. Results for patients with hyper- or hypofunctioning pancreas and salivary glands suggested that essentially all the isoamylases in human serum and urine are derived from the salivary glands and the pancreas, and revealed that isoamylases of more than 98% of normal persons consisted of two major isoenzymes and two to three minor ones. Although these observations indicate that data on changes in the proportion of amylase activity of each isoenzyme can be useful in clinical medicine, the following points should be remembered: (a) quantitative differences in the isoenzyme pattern were observed, depending upon the condition of the samples; (b) because the proportion of isoamylase activity in serum of different normal persons differs, seriatim determination of amylase isoenzymes is necessary; and (c) because five different genetically controlled types of isoamylases were observed in normal persons, genetic investigations are also necessary. PMID- 1253427 TI - Development of an aqueous temperature-indicating technique and its application to clinical laboratory instrumentation. AB - We describe a new technique for monitoring intra-cuvette temperatures in temperature-controlled spectrophotometric cells by use of two solutions, one for which absorbance is highly sensitive to temperature and one for which absorbance is insensitive to temperature. The first solution, cresol red in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, is used to construct an absorbance-vs. temperature calibration curvae. The second solution, cresol red in sodium hydroxide, is used for optical calibration of the spectrophotometric system to be tested. The combination of these two procedures allows accurate estimation of temperature. We show how this technique is applied to temperature measurement in several types of laboratory instrumentation. PMID- 1253429 TI - Automated separation and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. AB - We describe a totally automated, computer-controlled system for separating and measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes. These isoenzymes in tissue extracts were separated on disposable DEAE-cellulose mini columns. Resolution was complete except that LD-1 was not resolved from LD-2. PMID- 1253428 TI - Preparation of optically clear lyophilized human serum for use in preparing control material. AB - We describe a simple, rapid process--which includes the specific precipitation of pre-beta and beta-lipoproteins with dextran sulfate and divalent metal ions--for preparing an optically clear human serum that retains its clarity upon reconstitution with water after having been frozen and lyophilized. Such serum contains the normal constituents of human serum, except for the removed lipoproteins. The process causes no apparent interference with results of analyses for 22 of the more commonly measured constituents. Fresh or aged pooled serum or blood-bank plasma containing acid-citrate-dextrose or citrate-phosphate dextrose are equally suitable as raw materials. This stabilized serum is an excellent matrix for use in preparing standards and quality-control material for assay of components of human serum. PMID- 1253430 TI - High-pressure liquid-chromatographic separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. AB - The isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) were separated with excellent resolution in less than 1 h by high-pressure anion-exchange chromatography. These isoenzymes were determined in some tissue extracts and high activity serum samples by this technique. PMID- 1253431 TI - Expression of random analytical error as a precentage of the range of clinical interest. AB - I propose that random method error be expressed as a percentage of the range(s) of clinical interest (upper range limit minus lower range limit), in addition to its usual forms of presentation. The interpretation of this percent random error is simple because a given percentage error implies the same reliability, regardless of test or range of clinical interest. Two different upper limits for percent random analytical error are suggested, based on the medical application of the test and the statistical properties of various amounts of error. When the purpose of the test is to distinguish an upper medically defined limit from a lower medically defined limit, a maximum random error equivalent to 60% of the difference between the limits is proposed. If the purpose of the test is to monitor values in the neighborhood of a normal range or therapeutic range, an upper limit for random error equal to 20% of the difference between the limits of the range is suggested. PMID- 1253432 TI - Performance studies on the Technicon "SMAC" analyzer: Precision and comparison of values with methods in routine laboratory service. AB - We present performance studies on the Technicon "SMAC" analyzer. Precision was estimated from control data during routine operation and from blind duplicates of sera from patients. Patients' specimens were analyzed with the SMAC and the SMA 12/60 during initial evaluation studies. Comparisons were also made with the Du Pont aca and other methods during routine service. Performance is judged relative to medical usefulness requirements, by using previously developed criteria and recommendations for decision levels and allowable errors. PMID- 1253433 TI - On the design of clinical chemistry quality-control sera. AB - Quality-control specimens having quantitave interspecimen relationships were prepared by (a) making admixtures of two serum pools and (b) making various dilutions of the admixtures. The specimens were analyzed for many constituents to illustrate how the data obtained could be manipulated and used. The inter-related specimens permit the reduction of quality-control data to a few target values and should be particularly useful for the evaluation of multi-channel analyzers, and for use in inter-laboratory proficiency surveys. Aspects of the design of quality control and proficiency test specimens are also discussed. PMID- 1253434 TI - Comparison of three procedures for isolating human ferritin, for use as a standard in an immunoradiometric assay. AB - We evaluated three methods for isolating ferritin for use as a standard, with respect to purity of the products, ease of preparation, and yield. Examination of the respective products by gel filitration on Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B suggested that the preparations isolated by ammonium sulfate and cadmium sulfate precipitation (Method 1) and by ultracentrifugation (Method 2) were homogeneous, while the product of a procedure including precipitation with ammonium sulfate (Method 3) contained significant amounts of nonferritin protein. The ratios of ferritin as measured by immunoradiometric assay to the amount of protein in the product indicated the ferritin prepared by Method 1 to be the most highly purified. Methods 1 and 2 were both comparatively simple. Although the yield from Method 1 was lowest, it is probably the method of choice, on the basis of the ease of obtaining a highly purified product. The most appropriate method for estimating protein in the isolated preparations appears to be that of Lowry et al. PMID- 1253435 TI - Fast, economical technique for separating serum from blood samples. AB - We evaluated the effectiveness with which polystyrene beads separate serum from blood. Paired blood samples were analyzed for 23 different serum constituents. One specimen of each pair was processed by the conventional separation method, the other by a single centrifugation with the polystyrene beads. Differences between the assay means were evaluated by the z-test, and the data pairs were compared by regression analysis. No statistically significant differences were found. PMID- 1253436 TI - Evaluation of a new enzymatic kit for serum triglycerides. AB - We evaluated a new enzymatic kit for serum triglycerides (triacylglycerols) in two laboratories. The procedure involved both enzymatic hydrolysis of the triglycerides and conversion of the glycerol, which was linked to an indicator reaction. There was excellent agreement with the mechanized procedure of Kessler and Lederer and with a manual method. The test requires 50 mul of serum and can be completed in about 50 min. Inter- and intra-laboratory variation, linearity, accuracy, and specimen storage were studied. PMID- 1253437 TI - Serum iron determination in patients receiving therapy with iron dextran ("Imferon"). AB - Imferon (Lakeside Labs., Inc.), an iron dextran complex, is widely used for parenteral therapy with iron. Colorimetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy give different values for serum iron concentration in patients receiving such therapy. Values determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy were usually much higher than those obtained by either a manual or an automated colorimetric procedure, and also were higher than the total serum iron-binding capacity of the same sera. This difference is attributed to circulating iron being present both as iron dextran as as transferrin-bound iron. We conclude that atomic absorption spectroscopy should be used to determine serum iron in patients receiving Imferon. PMID- 1253438 TI - Letters: Plasma Pi and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations of non acidotic diabetics in various degrees of metabolic control. PMID- 1253439 TI - Letter: "The case of the latex gloves" in scintillation counting. PMID- 1253440 TI - Letter: Turbidimetry vs. light scattering in immunochemistry. PMID- 1253441 TI - Letter: Interbatch variability in measurement of urinary amylase with a commercial kit. PMID- 1253442 TI - Letter: A lipase problem in an enzymatic procedure for serum triglycerides. PMID- 1253443 TI - Letter: Faster continuous-flow analysis for triglycerides and cholesterol. PMID- 1253444 TI - Letter: Bichromatic analyses with the ABA-100--a critical assumption. PMID- 1253445 TI - Letter: "Albumin-titratable bilirubin" as an index to bilirubin binding. PMID- 1253446 TI - Letter: Misuse of calibration sera in automated laboratory testing instruments. PMID- 1253447 TI - An improved manifold design for rapid automated oestrogen assay. PMID- 1253448 TI - Glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase activities in serum, liver and kidney of rats in chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication. AB - Following chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats, the activity of glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase increased in serum and decreased in liver, suggesting that the enzyme is released from liver in hepatic injury. In contrast, the enzyme activity in kidney did not decrease when the enzyme level in liver decreased significantly. PMID- 1253449 TI - Photometric determination of nitrogen. Wet incineration followed by formation of indophenol blue with salicylate/hypochlorite. AB - Ammonia in wet incineration residues has been analyzed photometrically by a modified Berthelot reaction using a water-free digestion mixture. Phenol is substituted by salicylate in the dye-producing reaction. The method can be adapted for any biological material with a minimum content of 0.04 mug N/sample. Nonprotein nitrogen may be determined in the supernatant of TCA precipitates. PMID- 1253450 TI - [Methodological and first clinical investigations using a new pancreatic function test]. AB - The synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid was tested in vitro and in vivo for its chymotrypsin specificity. Comparative kinetic tests with bovine chymotrypsin and human pancreatic juice, as well as clearance tests with p aminobenzoic acid (PABA), made this peptide seem suitable for an indirect pancreatic-function test. A testing scheme was set up for clinical use which has yielded promising preliminary results. While in 31 out of 32 healthy subjects there were normal PABA excretion rates in the urine collected over six hours, the test correlated well in 15 out of 16 cases of definite pancreatic disorder. The percentage dose excretion of PABA in the urine collected over six hours gave good correlations with the one-hour amount of chymotrypsin in the pancreozymin secretin-test and with the concentration of chymotrypsin in the feces. These preliminary results make this test appear an appropriate screening method for pancreatopathy. PMID- 1253451 TI - Use of small samples of urine to monitor testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The increased urinary excretion of androsterone and aetiocholanolone, 17 oxosteroids, and oestrogens which occurs after the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to normal men, was followed by measuring steroid to creatinine ratios in small samples of urine. For androsterone + aetiocholanolone, values of the ratio correspond closely with 24 h output (correlation coefficients: 0.91, 0.92, and 0.91 for first morning, mid-morning, and mid afternoon urine specimens.) Comparable correlation coefficients for the 17 oxosteroids in urine were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91; and for oestrogens, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.86. PMID- 1253452 TI - The sulphite precipitation method for fibrinogen measurement; its use on small samples in the presence of fibrinogen degradation products. AB - A technique based on precipitation by sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) has been developed for measuring the fibrinogen concentration of small (100 mul) samples. This technique offers technical advantages over the thrombin-clotting method, especially when measuring dilute solutions. Measurements made with the sulphite technique on fibrinogen solutions on plasma samples were not significantly different from those obtained with the thrombin-clotting method. PMID- 1253453 TI - Calculation of three hours calcium absorption from a double isotope test; a simplified method. AB - For the rapid evaluation of calcium absorption in human subjects several isotopic tests have been proposed. Among them, the double isotope test based on the concurrent oral and intravenous administration of calcium isotopes seems the most reliable. However, the computations involved in this test, a deconvolution of the two specific-activity functions obtained, are quite extensive. By simulating these functions we developed a simple formula to calculate the absorption in the first three hours of the test. Applied to the data of 79 patients the result differed less than the experimental error from the absorption computed with the more elaborate deconvolution method. PMID- 1253454 TI - Simultaneous isothermal determination of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital serum levels by gas-liquid chromatography following flash-heater hexylation. AB - A rapid, accurate, precise, and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital under isothermal conditions involves on-column hexylation of the compounds. After extraction of serum samples, the evaporated residues are dissolved in tetrahexylammonium hydroxide. An aliquot of the resulting solution is introduced directly into a gas chromatograph where conversion to hexyl derivatives and subsequent separation takes place. The hexylated derivatives are identified by their retention times relative to appropriate internal standards. Concentrations are obtained from standard curves plotting relative peak height versus concentration of drug. PMID- 1253455 TI - Beta2-microglobulin in human colostrum and milk: effect of breast feeding and physico-chemical characterization. AB - A statistically significant increase in beta2-microglobulin concentration in babies' sera after birth was accompanied by a decrease in beta2-microglobulin concentration in sera of nursing and non-nursing mothers; the amount by which babies' sera concentrations increased was not correlated with the decrease in serum or milk concentrations in their mothers. These results suggest that breast feeding does not affect the concentration of beta2-microglobulin in babies' sera. Furthermore, there was no relationship between serum beta2-microglobulin concentration of mothers and their babies at either point of observation. In all instances, however, the beta2-microglobulin concentration was significantly higher in infants' sera than in mothers' sera.